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T 
 
DEIBCHIPTION 
 
 o»* 
 
 TOWNSHIPS SURVEYED 
 
 IN LOWER CANADA, 
 
 IlSr 18B1 A.ISrD 1862, 
 
 WITH 
 
 §xttMi^ itm Mtnpx^' Jtjrtfttisi. 
 
 QUEBEC; 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO., ST. URSULE STREET. 
 
 1863. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 *>^-^**.'S^^.V^-. . 
 
 Township of Alleyu ..'. 5 
 
 " Albert 
 
 " Asbuapmoucbouan 7 
 
 " Adstock X 
 
 " Assemotquagan i) 
 
 Abbeford 9 
 
 " Armand '•) 
 
 " Alma, Island of. 15 
 
 " Bagot 10 
 
 " Bovrman 11 
 
 " Basoatonge 11 
 
 " Casupsoull 12 
 
 " Christie 12 
 
 " Casgrain 18 
 
 " Demeules 7 
 
 " Duoheinay 12 
 
 " Delisle ID 
 
 " Daaquam 10 
 
 '• Qosford 17 
 
 " Oarnoau 18 
 
 _" Lafontaino 18 
 
 " Langevin 19 
 
 " Lytton 20 
 
 " Matane 21 
 
 " Mann 22 
 
 " Patapedia '. 24 
 
 " Polette 24 
 
 " Pontefract 26 
 
 " Panet 27 
 
 Portland 30 
 
 " Rolette 27 
 
 " Rojmont , 17 
 
 " St. Qermains 28 
 
 " Spaulding 2» 
 
 " Turcotte , 24 
 
 " Templeton 30 
 
 " Talon 31 
 
 " Tourelle , 31 
 
 " Wakefield 30 
 
 " Watford , 33 
 
 Exploration of a line of road from St. Uabriel to Rocmon: <. 34 
 
 Montanban Road Line 37 
 
 New line explored for the Tachfi Road „ ., ,„ „.. 38 
 
 The Hampden and ArnoM Rivor and Maine and Megantio Roads 89 
 
 Hampden and Arnold River Road, — Qeneral Summary.. ..«. , , 40 
 
 ThtM*ln«»nd Megantio Road , ., ,„ „„„.,.,.„ , *• 
 
JA i- 
 
 U -*'i 
 
r> Fc R c n I T*Ti o 3sr 
 
 o» 
 
 IN 1861 AND 1862, 
 
 WITH EXTRACTS FROM THE SURVEYORS' REPORTS. 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OK ALLEYN 
 
 Is iu the County of Pontiac and lien in rear of thu Township of Aylwiu on the riVer 
 Gatineau. It oontains 43,000 acres, and is watered by the river Pickanoo. The foU 
 lowing is an extract from P. L. Surveyor John Holmes, report of survey : — 
 
 " The land throughout the said Township of Allcyu in chiefly all fit for agricultttrai 
 purposes, the soil being generally a heavy loam, tiinhcrnd chiefly with hard wood ; any 
 merchantable pine timber that is or has been in the said Township is along the Casabaxtta 
 Creek, Grove Creek, and from lot number twcuty-sevcn on the seventh, sixth and eighth 
 ranges to lot number eighteen (on said sixth, seventh and eighth ranges,) the pine being 
 in all oases mixed with hardwood. 
 
 " There is no difficulty in having roads in any part of the said Township as it is com- 
 paratively level and very free from swales or swamps. There is a passable road from Oazabas< 
 tta to Otter Lake, on the Pickanoc river, entering the said Township of Alleyn at lot No. 1 
 in the rear of the second range crossing the third rangeat lot number fifteen, and running 
 westward to the Pickanoo at lot number forty, and thence continuing westward along 
 Pickanoc river, also another road following the Oazabuzua Creek to Otter Lake, used only 
 as a winter road, owing to its crossing several marshy places, both of which roads are laid 
 down on the accompanying plan of said Township." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ALBERT. 
 
 This township is situate oa the north shore of the River Saguenay^ in the Contity (rf 
 Saguenay, and is bounded on the east by the township of Tadoussac. It contains 33,000 
 aereK, and the part laid out into farm lots on the road line from Tadoussac to the month at 
 the River Marguerite occupies about a range on each side thereof, and contains aboa| 
 8,748 acres. 
 
 Mr. P. L. Surveyor J. B. Duberger reports as follows the general chMacter of th« 
 
 )aod laid oat along the projected Albert Colonization Road : — 
 
 "The point of departure for disposing of ranges of lots I established at Cedar Camp, 
 
 Itaring an extent of unfavorable land (save few patches of insufficient areas) along the road 
 
 of about four miles of Tadoussac Reserve,and at which starting point I traced side lines on 
 
 oaolriidrbf the vmd, vii : one bearing dae west and the other north 45 ® 0^ east, ^vidiag 
 
 I 
 
thereby the ran^^es to bo laiJ out from the unsarreyed to eiuitward ; from thenoe |)rocee<1ed 
 iu laying; out the difTnrent ranges designated ou tho ucoompanyiuu; plan, dcsoriptioan of 
 whicn ranges are os follows:— 
 
 Albert Road lionfff, Ea»t, 
 
 "This runj^o, coniprixes 28 lots i)f various ureas and p.oil of good qualitioB, covered 
 with well grown timber, consisting gcneriilly of blui-k. and white birch, spruce, and fir. A 
 raogo of mountain') occupies a part, but diminishes in extent towards the westward. Sev- 
 eral abattU exist on each side of the ruad ; hy whom mado ia unknown 
 
 Albert Road Rangr, Wat. 
 
 This range, lying on tho opposite aide of tho latter, containing 17 lots, also of all di- 
 tnenaions, offers more advantages, having less mountains .-ind a greater extent of strong 
 loam. The timber^ particularly the spruce, on account of its size und quality, will bo very 
 valuable. 
 
 Albert Road Runtje. 
 
 "This range, adjoining the latter, having a different course of 37 lots, with the ex- 
 e«ption of Nos. 26, 27, 28, and 29, bordering on tho river, is the most promising extent of 
 ground to be met with for agricultural pursuits ; the road across it for the distance of about 
 o\ miles of dry soil, but of good produce, is dead level and stoneless. It is nearly all taken 
 up and marked by abattia on each side of the road. 
 
 Albert Road Rdni/e, North. 
 
 "This range, lying opposite the latter, offers the same advantages, the soil on. either 
 side of tlie road being a mixture of yellow and strong loam soon takes to strong loam pro- 
 ceeding towards tho depths, and contains 23 lots. 
 
 ■ -■ East Branch, Range North. 
 
 "This range, lying between the two branches of tho St. Margaret, of 21 lotsof differ- 
 . ent dimensions as other ranges, is considered of the richest soil to be found in Canada, to- 
 gether with its delightful climate early frosts are unknown; the grain griws and ripens to 
 perfection, and vegetables reach to enormous siz... The extremities at the river are uneven, 
 interrupted with earthen mounds, but not very extensive. This range is likewise all taken 
 up, and partly under cultivation. 
 
 River Range, East. 
 
 " This small range is for the most part taken up by a range of steep mountains, over- 
 looking the river, but being well covered with good timber, principally for fuel, its prox- 
 imity to the water for transport gives it somp value. 
 
 River Range, West. 
 
 "This range and old settlements is of old standing, opened at first by Messrs. Price & 
 Co., for lumbering. It is nearly all cleared, and deficient of timber for fu<el ; what remains 
 lies to eastward, of that of (aellis. The soil though light is good, particularly for rye. 
 There are but five houses in the whole. This range is much exposed' to deterioration from 
 the iboulis at the great winding of the river. Ono lot. No. 4, is nearly cut up from this 
 cau^e, and is naturally limited in depth by a range of barren rooky mountains, as deficient 
 of earth und timber, for a considerable distance in the rear. 
 
 £ Outlines. 
 
 '* In running the westei n and rear line, also the prolongation of tho west outline of tho 
 township of Tadoussac, limiting township Albert, I mot with no advantages for colonization 
 in the vicinity of these lines, except a spot of sufiitient area to form one establishment, jy- 
 ing iu the valley of the west branch at the head of the rapids, where the line crosses.. This 
 is a fine extent of ground, nearly tit for culture; the great fires have left bat few stumps 
 here and ihere, the local is level, alluvial soil, and stoneless. A communication to it from 
 
 ■ 
 
ocedfld 
 tionii of 
 
 covorod 
 fir. A 
 . Sev- 
 
 of all di- 
 
 f strong 
 
 be very 
 
 1 the ex- 
 ixtent of 
 of about 
 all takca 
 
 the old lottloments ha« been opened at the expense of Mr. David Price, at which place a 
 corariion dwelling is obout being put up for the noconiniodation of fishing excuraiona. 
 Apart from this spot and few very smnll patches lying hero and thera, along these lines the 
 country udjoining, as seen on the heights a.s wo proeocded, procnts but an enchainment of 
 barren mountains towards tiic interior for niileH, dcfieicnt of timber and dotted with quan- 
 tities of lakes, and several of larger h'uo than those met with on the lines. Suth parts 
 along said lines as would huvo been moro luvorablo are taken up by the lakes designated 
 on the accompanying plan, on'y useful to quench the thirst of the few wild beasts frequent- 
 ing that country; but towuids tho *Uin/rni»)it;s' tl.cro seems to exist a fine extent of 
 ground, well covered with timber and much loss mounlainous. When that part will be 
 explored something good will likely tun. out. It nnist not bo understood that the remnant 
 of this township will be unproductive; an immense tract of good ground lies between Anu 
 dr. la Pause I'i-rrc and Aus^e ik la Grosse Roche. Several lots have been marked, and it 
 will not bo long before application will bo made for subdividing it. Also a fine extent ex- 
 ijts abutting East Branch range north, that being nearly cleared by fires. 
 
 •'In conclusion, I would recommend for the prompt settlement of this township, as 
 the attraction is very strong there, that the communication to it should be eff"ected as early 
 as po.ssiblu. This is the only impediment; should that bo realized there would bo there a 
 dense population in a very limited time. There is already the advantage of a winter road 
 from Ansii d I'eau to the first lake, and that just now used for drawing fuel, a distance of 
 2i miles. At tho angles of said outlines I have planted cedar posts, six inches squat*, 
 with stone boundaries, duly inscribed A. T. and B. T." 
 
 on. cither 
 oam pro- 
 
 I of difl'er- 
 aoadn, to- 
 ripena to 
 '0 uneven, 
 I all taken 
 
 [lins, over- 
 I, its prox- 
 
 rs. Price & 
 at remains 
 y for rye. 
 •ation from 
 ( from this 
 \» deficient 
 
 tlinc of tho 
 lolouization 
 shment, Jy- 
 sses.. This 
 few stumps 
 a in it from 
 
 TOWNSHIPS OF ASHUAPMOUCHOUAN AND DEMEULES. 
 
 These townships situate on the riuht bank or south west side of the river Chamonch- ' 
 ouan which discharges into Lako St. John, in tho County nf Chicoutimi occupy the 
 ground valley of the upper Sagucnuy, and are collectively bounded on the south east bj 
 the Indian Reserve of Ouiatehouun, and on tho north west and south west by the waste 
 lands of tho Crown. The Township of Ashuapmouchouan contains 45,379 acres, whereof 
 30,529 acres were subdivided into farn- lots : and Dcmcules, the northernmost of the two 
 townships, contains 38,401 acres, whereof 18,551 acres were laid out into farm lots by Mr. 
 P. L. Surveyor P. A. Tremblay, who reports on those townships as follows : — 
 
 " From the nature of tho reports which I have transmitted at diflferont periods, u 
 often as circumstances would permit lue, you will have remarked the groat amount of 
 arable land contained in the townships of Ashuapmouchouan and Demeulcs. With regard to 
 the quality of the soil, it is quite certain that no land is superior to that of the valley of the 
 river Ashuapmuchuan. Clayey land predominates here as in all other parts of the Sague- 
 nay country; in many localities the clay is covered with a layer of sand, three or four inches io 
 depth, which is of great value in the cultivation of wheat, which on this land appears to be 
 especially exempt from the attack.s of the fly. The great characteristic of this valley is, 
 that the land though well watered, does not present any obstacles to cultivation, such as 
 deep ravines and lofty rocks, which ab(mnd in other parts of the Saguenay. Three fine 
 parishes at least might be funned in these two townships, and I trust they may very 
 shortly, if the Government encourages the views of tho numerous settlers, who are about 
 to proceed there. Judging from the information I have received from different parties, 
 and from an r xploratiou which I made myself towards the north east of the River Ash- 
 uapmouchouan, I am inclined to believe that there is a considerable amount of fine land. 
 Ah a proof ot the excellence of the climate. I may cite the prosperous condition of the 
 iscttlers, who are now inhibiting the township of Kobcrval, which borders on the. Indian 
 [lauds. ' Lost autumn the thermometer descended for tho first time to zero, an- the 16th 
 October, at the place whciro I was camped at the back of the 6th range of Ashuapmoaehouan, 
 he same rate was obse ved at the same time by the curate io the township of BoherraL, 
 
•t 
 
 ^xitMmmiM. i JL J ... 
 
 The tempenituro in caninier in about, the aaina as that of Qaehfo, with thd «S6epUoa thftt 
 th« noTlh cant winds arc but Uttlo felt, and uro nearly a» mild a^ those of the opposite 
 quarter Tli« winter cold is very intenso, owinR most piobnbly to the vast eitent of the 
 rIearinKs situutcd to the north west. 
 
 " The only method for developing the ro«ouroe» of thin important part of the Sague* 
 nay diHtrict, would bo to provide mcauM of communication first between Chiooutiroi and the 
 north west part of Lake St. John, and subsequontljr if practicable, between the Lake and 
 •one one of the parishes of the Cuucty of Qiiobeo.' 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ADSTOCK. 
 
 This Township lies in the County of Bcauco and is bounded on tha South west partly 
 by the township o*" Lambton, and partly by liako St. Francis j on the north cast by the 
 Townchip of Tring, on the south cost by the township of Kor^yth und Lambton, and on the 
 north west by the tuwiisliip of Thetford, und contains 1G,007 acred. The part subdmded 
 into farm loin covers the north east part of the township containing 29,498 aorea. 
 
 Already extensive clearances and improvements have been made in this township, 
 
 chiefly by French Canadians. Mr. P. L. Surveyor F^lix Legendre who surveyed in this 
 
 Township, reports as follows : — 
 
 " I have the honor to report that the greater part of the land I have surveyed ii well 
 adapted for cultivation, and that a largo number of settlers are already established therei 
 and have begun to cultivate their land." 
 
 < 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ASSEMETQUAOAN. 
 
 This township is situate on the east bank of the River Metapedia, in the County of 
 Bonavcnture. It is bounded on the south by tho township of Ristigonehe, sod on the . 
 north by the township of Casupsoull, from which it is divided by the county line of Ri> 
 Boutki ; and on the east by the re&r line of the Kempt Road, range east. It eoDtaini 
 about 78,500 acres, whereof 17,(86 acrfs are subdivided into farm lots, traversed by the 
 military road, leading from the Ristigouebc, un the left bank of the Metepedia to the 
 Pariiih of Ste. Flavie, on tho St. Lawrence. 
 
 The following is an extract of the Report of Mr. I'.L. Surveyor E. H. Legendre : 
 
 The soil from the 8th mile to the Riv r is very similar to that last passed over, ezeept 
 that it is covered with live timber, there is a large quantity of spruce and pine fit for the 
 market, this timber was not felled later than 1854, of which I was convinced by finding 
 this date in a camp near Piit's brook. 
 
 '' The soil all along this stream is certainly the best I have as yet found ; it ia watered 
 by numerous streams, which are of sufficient volume to turn mills of any dimensions, and 
 the timber covering it is cedar, birch, elm, and ash of immense growth. The tops of the 
 hills, enclosing these fine tracts of land are covered with pines, the greater part of which 
 •re dried up by the fire which passed through in 1843, they would still however be service' 
 able ia huilding for doors, windows, etc." 
 
 .#-w»*-i 
 
 el 
 
D that 
 
 ppositfl 
 
 of Uie 
 
 Saga*- 
 lod the 
 tkfl tod 
 
 »»t partly 
 by the 
 ad on the 
 ibdiTided 
 
 township, 
 ii in this 
 
 fed ii well 
 led therei 
 
 I Connty of 
 end on the . 
 line of Ri- 
 It eontaine 
 Bed by the 
 ledia to the 
 
 gendre : 
 
 oyer, ezeept 
 
 3 fit for the 
 
 by finding 
 
 it is watered 
 tensions, and 
 tops of the 
 rt of which 
 er be BerrioC' 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ABBEFORD. 
 
 This towDNhip is .«U.uato(l on the north bauk of the OlUwa Ilivor, in the oonnty of 
 Pontiac, and i» thn wcstf^nnioHt limit of tho surveyed townships in Lower Canada. 
 
 It is of the Uimcnsions ofnioo miles perpendicular breadth, on tho mean depth of 
 thirloon miles, nnd is hounded on otic sido, towardn tho South-east, by tho surveyed 
 township of Ahurdotm, and un tlin other sido by tho projected township of Kiilaly. 
 
 It i» traversed from its south-cantcrn oorncr, on tho whole depth of the township, by 
 tho llivcr I)u Moinc, a htroam of cunsidorablu ma(;nitudo, which derives its narao from the 
 fact of tho River being tho ..sual route of tho curly miusioDarios to the Grand Lao and Lao 
 des Quinze, forming the friucipal head waters of tho Ottawa River, the source of which 
 head with those of tiio Dxi Moino ut a diHtauce of upwards of 200 miles, by tho course of 
 tho latter from its mouth in the Ottawa, at tho western corner of the township of Aberdeen. 
 
 Mr. P. L. H. tSinoluir laid out and subdivided into furni lots 32,650 acres, chiefly 
 located in tho north-west corner of the township, and reports as follows: 
 
 "I have delineated tho natural features of the country on the plan herewith, such as 
 mountains, swunips, burnt lund and the woods; tlio best part of the land is situated on the 
 south s'.Jo of tho wcHt branch of the Du Moicc, and at tho north-west corner of the 
 township, but thcro i.s rather better lund out of tho township around Sucker Lake than 
 there is in it. From Sucker Luke, westward across Bear River, towards tho Deux Kiviires, 
 there arc very nice parceL of hard wood, with what lumbermen would call scattering large 
 whit^ pine. 
 
 " A few settlers would find the lots which I have just surveyed thcro very convenient 
 of access, and when there very profitublo to ruiso hay and oats for tho lumbermen. Hay 
 will command ''^^iO 00 a ton, and seventy-fivo or eighty conts a bushel for oats, which woald 
 be an excellent bpoculution for young men to engage in. There is plenty of land thai will 
 not cost more than twelve dollars per acre to clear. Men engaged in the lumber trade have 
 now commenced operations on an extensive scale, that must be continued for many years, 
 not only in the immcdiutc neighborhood of this township, but also a consederable distance 
 up the river. 
 
 "This Country, up to tho Grand Chute, i.s very well opened up with roads, the prin- 
 cipal one of which was made by Mr. William Moflutt, of Pembroke, leading from the 
 mouth of tho Du Moiuc up the west side of tho river. It is a waggon or cart road for reven 
 miles, and an excellent winter roaU to the Grand Chute, where Mr. Moffatt made a farm, 
 the only one at present occupied in tho township, i. c. having a settler on it. Mr. Kyan 
 has a shanty farm in the township, on which he raises hay, but has no one residing on it. 
 This road made by Mr. Moffatt, if made bv tho Government would have cost nearly one 
 hundred pounds per mile ; besides this m^ road there are others leading westward, beyond 
 the township, one leads off from the mouth >f tho Fils du Grand, or west branch. This, I 
 consider, will become some day, at an early period in tho history of that country, the site of 
 a village. There uro excellent water privileges not fur from this spot on both the main 
 River and its West branch. 
 
 " There is some valuable white pine in this township. I have no doubt the largest 
 timber of the Upper Ottawa will coiac from this place this year, which is being made for 
 the trustees of the estate of the late Mr. Egan." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OE ARMAND. 
 This township is situate in the county of Temisconata, and comprises in its frontage 
 Jl that part of the new line of the Temiscouata Road constructed under the superintend* 
 ence of the Department of Public Works, from the rear limit of the township of Whit, 
 worth, Ui the re«r boundary of the seigniory of Lake Temiscouata and Madawaska< 
 
10 
 
 Xl^e line of tbe Taoh4 Road, as now traced, traverseR, diagondly, the western quarter 
 of this township to its junction with the Teraiscouata Road, at the furks of tue St. Francis ; 
 but a morp central, as well ns a more favourable line through this township into the town- 
 ship of Demers, and thence north-eastwardly, intersecting that well known tract of country 
 watered by the River Rimouski, called the "Fonds d'Ormes,' to its junction with the 
 Kempt road, now being explored by J. B. Lepage, Esq., would open for colonization a 
 nrach larger field at the head waters of the rivers Ristigoucho and St. John. This tract 
 is an extensive table land, occupying a region bounded on the north by the Metis and Ri- 
 mouski rivers, and is composed chiefly of hard-wood ridges. 
 
 The present line of the Tachd Road would remain still available for the settlement of 
 th: arable lands along it, with the advantage of proximity to the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Description of the above mentioned lands by Mr. P. L. S. Doucct: — 
 
 "The lands along this road are generally good, thou<^h rocky in places, but there are 
 places where there are hardly any rocks. There arc very tc lands taken here, but from 
 the river of the Little Fork they :ixe almost all taken ; these arc uldo of much better 
 quality." , 
 
 54 i iO 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF BAGOT. 
 
 The portion of this township laid out into farm lots, and situate in the County of 
 Cbiooutimi, liea along the easterly aad southerly outlines thereof, and is traversed by the 
 St. Urbain and Bale St. Paul colonization roads, leading from Grand Bay to the old 
 settled parishes on the St. Lawrence. The land subdivided into farm lots is described as 
 follows in the report of Mr. P. L. Surveyor J. Ovide Tremblay : — - 
 
 " The land all through these ranges is good, with the exception of a few lots near the 
 exterior line, where it is rather hilly. The soil is composed of yellow and black mixed; 
 there is very little standing wood, and what there is, is mostly dried and blackened. On the 
 Hoe between the third and fourth range, Grand Bay range south, I have subdivided the 
 lots so as to suit the clearings ; these lands are all taken, and improvements are being car- 
 ried out. From lot 1 to lot 16 in the third range, Grand Bay south, the soil is of an 
 excellent quality, although rocky it is composed of yellow and black mould ; in some 
 places under the yellow mould there is a layer of clay of some .ochcs in depth. 
 
 " All this locality is covered with live tiees of good growth, the same emarks apply to 
 the fourth range both as regards timber and the soil, especially towards the centre. In 
 prolonging the exterior line, on the banks ot the Saguenay, I discovered about a le&g^io of 
 uncultivated land. The chain of mountains bordering on the river Saguenay, and vaiying 
 very much in breadth is here of great ts w'ent, its height amounts to some hundreds of feet, 
 formed of bare rocks, and quite devoid of tree? as far as the banks of the Saguenay. I 
 cleared and blazed the exterior or south easterly line of the township from end to end. 
 Along the Bagot road the surface of the ground Is rather irregular, with hills here and 
 there ; there is very little live timber, the greater part of it having been burnt. Part of 
 the land bordering on the River Ha ! Ha I is of very good quality, and many of the lots 
 ore already taken. 
 
 " In the Ilth and 12th ranges many of the lofs are occupied ; the soil is not 
 however fit for cultivation everywhere, as it is very rocky ; the greater part of the timber 
 hai been burnt, and it is only near lakes and in some valleys that live timber is to be ^ound, 
 on tko 12tli range it is rather abundant. *■ 
 
 ■ " The 6tb and 7th ranges of the river are subdivided in conformity with the im-;,. 
 proreiMntB that Imv« boon niftdo : nearly all the lot* are taken and ocoupied. ^ 
 
u 
 
 1 
 
 1 VV >'•'•■; 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF BOWMAN. 
 
 ■ ^i^AK.* 
 
 1 bis township is situated on the westerly side of the River Da Lie?r«, in the Conntj 
 
 of Ottawa, and is bounded on the North by the township of Bigelow, on the South by 
 
 the township of Portland, and on the West partly by the township of Denholm, and 
 
 partly ^y White Fish Lake. The residue now surveyed by Mr. P. L. Surveyor R. 
 
 Rauschcr, completes the subdivision of the whole township, containing 31,642 acres, 
 
 exclusive of lakes and alloT.ances for highways. Mr. Rauscher reports as follows : — 
 
 « From the centre line North, the land in the Seventh Range, with the exception of 
 the ilrst three lots is not very well adapted for settlement, on account of its mountainou* 
 nature for the range line between lots 34 and fifty-seven, intersects five heavy mountain 
 ranges. In three instances I have to ascertain distances tvigonometricrMy, as chaining was 
 out of the question. The sixth range, north of the centre line, affords in many places, 
 good farming land, and althongu the nature of the ground is very undulating, yet, ai the 
 soil consists of rich clay and vegetable earth, that obstacle will easily be o▼e^8ome by the 
 industry of the settlers. 
 
 some 
 
 •ft 
 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF BASCATONGE. 
 
 Thiu township, on the Gatineau River, of the dimensions of 13} miles in its deepest 
 part, by 9 miles in breadth, is the northernmost surveyed township in the connty of Ottawa. 
 It is of irregular figure, and is bounded on the west and north-west by the Gatineau River, 
 which here, although at a distance of 100 miles as the crow flies due north from its month, 
 is a broad stream, averaging some 10 chains wide, more or less rapid but generally 
 navigable for canoes. The River Raskatonge, whoso waters irrigate the lands of this 
 township, and discharge into the Gatineau about two and a half miles above the River Jean 
 de Terrc, is the outlet of the lake of that name, presenting a fine sheet of water of a quad* 
 rilateral figure, averaging eleven-and-a-hal^miles long by two-and-a-half broad. 
 
 A description of the land around which, and of the arable portion surveyed in the 
 township of Baskatongc, is contained in Mr. P. L. S. Bouchette's report, as follows :— 
 
 " In reference to the general geographical feature of this section of the country, they 
 are good ; the soil is composed of alluvial deposits, which cover a considerable extent of 
 the township, from the fact of the Gatineau River, in high water, backing up into the 
 Baskatonge Lake, and in its course flooding the flat countries very considerably. The land 
 in many places is high and timbered with hardwood. There is very little white or :red 
 pine in this section of the Gatineau ; but above and below the boundaries of Baskatonge, 
 large quantities of saw-logs are yearly manufastured by the Messrs. Gilmours and Hamil- 
 tons. There is also a good winter road through the centre of the township, constructed 
 by the above firms, which with very littb expense could be made a practicable means of 
 r^immunication during the summer. This of itself would bo an inducement for settiers to 
 locate themselves along this road, and also along the borders of the Baskatonge Lake, where 
 there is a fine tract of hardwood land. 
 
 <' There is a peculiarity in this township — from the banks of the Gatineau River 
 through to the }^askatonge Lake, the land is rolling, the elevations are gradual, with f«^ir 
 exceptions. The south-east and cast sides of the lake aforesaid are very mountainous and 
 rugged, with deep ravines, making it totally unfit for cultivation. These ranges of tD0uii> 
 tains are those which divide the waters of the Rivers du Lievre and Gatineau, and if tHe 
 Indians' report be true, the waters of the Baskatonge Lake flow either way. This 1 would 
 readily believe, from the fact of the Gatineau waters backing into the lake, thereby 
 proving its position to be lower ; there is no doubt the land about a great number of iakee 
 lu the township would otherwise be fit for oultivation. There we alfo « nombtr vf awiaipf^ 
 
12 
 
 bat'they might be converted into meadow land by proper drainage; however I think that 
 the lakes would bo rather a benefit to settlers than otherwise, for they abound with very 
 fine fish from five to twenty-five pounds in weight. The west side of the Gatineau, begin- 
 ning at the rear post of the township ofEgan, extending several miles above Qilmours' 
 farm, (which is an island in the Gatineau Kivcv of eonsidcrahlc extent, containing several 
 hundred acres of beautiful land,) and thence west, fourteen or fifteen uiilcs back, is fit for 
 ■ettltiment, being of a level surface; the soil is of a gravelly nature in some places, in 
 others clay und yellow loam, making the whole desirable for colonization." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF CASUPSCULL. 
 
 This Township situate on the east side of the River Metapedia, in the County of 
 Rimottski, is bounded on the south by the township of Assemetquagan, on the north by 
 the projeoted township of Lepage, on the east by the rear limit of the Kempt Road range. 
 It contains about 48,000 acres whereof the two front ranges containing 8,460 acres hare 
 been subdivided into farm lots of lOO acres each, which, together with the adjoining town- 
 ship of Assemetquagan, presents highly favorable advantages for settlement, especially as 
 rendered accessible by the new Metapedia Road, opened by the Board of Public Works 
 last year. Mr. P. L. Surveyor E. H. L.gendrc, who performed the survey, reports as 
 follows : — 
 
 "The front of the township of Casupseull offc.s to settlers the finest sites for cultiva- 
 tion that could be desired. From No. 12 to the junction of the roads, I am certain there 
 is not an inch of land that is not fertile; the movntains arc at some distance from the 
 banks of the river, and are very susceptible of improvement. 
 
 " A krge quantity of marketable timber has been destroyed by fire ; but to make 
 amends for the loss the knd was cleared of rubbish, and large clearings made, and hay, 
 millet and clover abound in all directions. I feel sure that oti Lots 27, 28, 29 and 30, at . 
 least 3,000 lbs. of hay, per lot, might be collected during the summer. 
 
 " It may appear strange that millet and clover should grow without culture in the 
 forest, but it arises from the circumstance that contractors for square timber have camped 
 for several winters on these lots, and have scattered tbc seed about, which has increased 
 in productiveness during that period. 
 
 " The projeoted rood, at this place, passes about three quarters of a mile from the river 
 bank tkrough a perfectly level and fertile country. Tho ' greater part of these lots are 
 Marked by persons who wish to settle on them immediately, and I am convinced that ap- 
 pK«a^ns will be made for them to the agent, even before my repoit is sent in, for fear of 
 Mt getting them." 
 
 TOWNSHIPS OF DUCHESNAY AND CHRISTIE. 
 
 ■ •* ■ 
 
 !^M8 townships are situate on the south side of the St. Lawrence, in the County of 
 vhhjp6 Andare collectively bounded on the east by the Seigniory of Mont Louis, on the 
 'Weit hf tbe township of Tourelle. They are intersected by the projected colonization road 
 priq^l j caUed the Gulf Road, leading from the Seigniory of Ste. iSnne des Monts to Fox 
 BiTtr, on the Gulf Shore, or by its branch from the Magdalen River to Gasp^ Basin- 
 til The township of Duchesnay is projected to contain about 70,000 acres, whereof 
 •Iwttt tWoraiigM trarersod by the Gulf Road, have been subdivided into farm lots contain 
 iii4flC*(lMr«bcat 1^00 Mies. , . -:!*?? 
 
118 
 
 ok that 
 th very 
 I, begin- 
 ilmoura* 
 r several 
 is fit for 
 lacw, in 
 
 jounty of 
 north by 
 ad range, 
 sres bave 
 ing town- 
 tecially as 
 ic "Works 
 reports as 
 
 or cultira- 
 
 rtain there 
 
 from the 
 
 t to make 
 
 5, and bay, 
 
 and 30, at 
 
 ture in the 
 ivc camped 
 a increased 
 
 »m tbe river 
 lese lota are 
 jd that ap- 
 i, for fear of 
 
 c County of 
 lOuis, on tbe 
 aization road 
 lonta to Fox 
 }asp6 Basin- 
 sres, wbereof 
 I lots contain 
 
 i^. The Township of Christie lying between the above stated Township and the Seigniory 
 of Mont Louis, averages the same extent in supe^cies ; about 10,000 acres have been 
 laid out into farm lots along the gulf line of road. Mr. P. L. Surveyor 0. F. Roy, who 
 surveyed the two ranges in each of the above named township.:;, reports as follows :— 
 
 " The Townships Dachesnay and Christie, situate on the south shore of the Biver St- 
 Lawrence in the County of Gaspd, are bounded on the south west by the township of 
 Tourelle, on the north east by the Seigniory of Mont Louis, on the north west by the River 
 St. Lawrence and on the south east by waste lands of the Crown. Their surface is generally 
 rolling and sometimes broken. 
 
 " Seve^l streams cross these townships,, two of which the Valine and the Albour 
 are of some consequence ; there are also three rivers, the Maitre, the Marsouin and the 
 Claude. These rivers with the exception of the Marsonin are formed by the waters 
 flowing from the north westerly slope of the Chick Chack mountains^ and are swelled in 
 their course by a large number ol tributary streams. 41ong the ^anks of these riven 
 are deposits of alluvial soil, from two to six feet in depth, and of considerable extent. At 
 the mouths of each of them aie establishments of hardy settlers, employed in farming and 
 fishing. I was however glad to find that more attention was paid to the former than, to the 
 latter pursuit, which unfortunately is not always the case among the Q^^asp^ settlers. These 
 people enjoy all the comforts of life, and await with solicitude the opening of a road to 
 widen their circle and extend their social relations. 
 
 <' I'he river front of these townships is rocky and not easv of access ', in this locality 
 as on the coas*; of Gasp6 the shore is lined with high. oli£b, which give these coasts a "wild 
 and sinister appearance. ' The traveller in these regions frequently journeys between the 
 sea on one hand which breaks at his feet and often stops him, and cliffy hundreds of feet 
 high on the other, frowning above him ; nor can he thus pass thi^ough. these dangers with- 
 out emotion, and it is with foelingsof relief that on tnraing a point, at the mouth of a river 
 sheltered by heights, lie perceives the houses where a . oo;*diaI welcome awaits him, for 
 here the settlor bears the highest character for hospitality. In the houses generally the 
 utmost gaiety prevails, the settler-fisherman, without regret for {he past or oare for the 
 future passes a life of happiness and contentment. If there is any exception to this stato 
 of things to be found, it should cause no surprise, when the difficulties and discoarajre* 
 ment, that a new settler has to encounter, are taken into consideration, as in addition to 
 the hard labour be baa to undergo, he has also iQ contend with the disadvantages of a per- 
 fect isolation from the rest of the world to which he has access only by passing along a 
 dangerous shore of on the sea. 
 
 « In orHer to show the relation between tbe mode of survey whioh 7 have adopted for 
 the subdivision of these townships and tbe position of the line of road' which traverses them, 
 I have shown it by a red line on the plan, by which it will be seen that the base line from 
 the south west line of the township of Christie as far as the tenth lot serves as a line of 
 road. I here deviated from the former direction, adopting in prefereiice a straight line, 
 as in this course no obstacle exists to the construction of ap excellent road. . The land is 
 perfectly level except a small hilt on the 9th lot ; the soil is universally jellow mould, 
 easily ploughed, and free froo: rocks. From the 10th to the 15th lot, I have adopted fcr 
 ncy base line, the direction of the road line which is very neai'ly straight. I have on. this 
 course from the base line of the township of Christie, made a double range for the double 
 subdivision of th ) lots in tbe first and second ranges. At ieach subdivision of the lots, T 
 have left a sufficient distance for the width of the road, between the . posts on which are 
 the numbers, each in its proper range. From this point the road.iine continues alto- 
 gether in the first range, as far as lot 47, after which it serves as a base line, as far as lot 55 
 with a double subdivision of lots as in a former case, that part of the road line from lot 55 
 in the township of Christie as far as the Seigniory of Moot Louis is subdivided into lots 
 without any designation of range. The subdivision posts "only indicate the lots be- 
 tween which they are placed. 
 
 The land traversed by the road line in these townships is suceptible of advivQta^ous 
 
 clearing over a surface of considerable extent. In the south west., part of the tov^nshu) of 
 
 Christie the road line runs along the height of land bori^ering the, fiyer m fi^r t^ the JL5th 
 
 lot, from thence it takes » N.N.E. dirtetion 'ind or6S's«s » plateau of arable land, with a 
 
 2 
 
14 
 
 •light slope towards the north east, as far u the valle6 stream. Between the vailed and 
 the Maitre streams, the line approaches the St. Lawrence and intersects a country vorj 
 faTOurably adapted for settlement. After a gradual ascent from the vailed stream, to about 
 half the aistance to the Maitre t>t,ream , it continues descending till it reaches the mouth of 
 the Maitre. The land has a general slope from S.E. to N.W., which is everywhere jx- 
 tremely gentle, with the exception of the high land bordering the vailed stream which is 
 rather steep ; a large number of the lots in this range of uountry are easy of access and 
 might be cultivated with advantage throughout their whole extent. 
 
 " The soil is generally excellent, and the timber consisting of balsam, white birch, 
 beech and spruce is of good quality. The deposits of alluvial soil, found in the valley of 
 the river Maitre are worthy of notice. These lands for a depth of two or tiiree miles have 
 a mean breadth of 60 or 70 chains, and lire covered with splendid hard wood. There is a 
 good number of maple woods of some extent, which are annually made available for the 
 manufacture of sugar ; at the mouth of this river are the residences of some settlers who 
 employ themselves in farming and fishing. This is a most excellent fishing station. 
 
 « From the hills on the borders of the river Mcitre, as far as the division line, be- 
 tween these two townships the road passes ihrough a perfectly level country. The land on 
 a frontage of three or four miles is so favourable for settlement, that it is certain that as 
 soon as the road is opened, there will be a nucleus of settlement in this locality. The same 
 remarks may apply to all the table land, from the maitre to the Marsouin river. To a 
 depth of three or four miles the land is easy of access in any direction, the soil a rich 
 yellow loam of superior quality. The only obstacles to be encountered here, are the deep 
 gullies of two small streams, known as the rivers Portage. Mr. Baillargd divided these, 
 giving us the advantage of using the road line for a base line and of having a double range 
 on a front of eight or nine lots. 
 
 " In the Township of Duche8nay,'the land traversed by the line of road exhibits about 
 the same uniformity of features as that of Christie. That which is most worthy of note 
 lies among the alluvial tracts of the rivers Marsouin and Claude. These rivers are 
 bordered by cultivable land to a depth of four or five miles. A.t a distance of 
 about three quarters of a mile from the St. Lawrence, the Marsouin divides itself into two 
 branches, both of which pass through tracts of good land. I have shown on my plan what 
 I consider the best method of laying out the land for settlement on those branches; on each 
 of these rivers are extensive maple woods, some of which are valuable for the manufacture 
 of sugar in the spring. The lands along the road line, from the high lands on the banks 
 of the river Marsouin as far as the mouth of the river Albour, are very rugged and unfit for 
 cultivation, to about half their depth, especially on the hills and mountains near the St. 
 Lawrence, there however remains on each of thete lots a surface of from 50 to 60 acres of 
 better quality. The soil is mostly yellow sandy mould. 
 
 u From the Albour River to the Seigniory of Mont Iiouis, the slope of the river bank 
 is gentle, and the land so good that the greater part is already under settlement. The 
 lands along the River Claude run several miles deeper than those on the Marsouin, those 
 on the St. Lawrence are already under cultivation. With regard to the best mode of sub- 
 dividing this locality, I am of opinion that the usual regular method of survey should be 
 adhered to, as most favourable to settlement. The most valuable localities in the frontage 
 of these Townships are in the neighbourhood of the rivers Maitre, Marsoun, and Claude ; 
 ihese spots already in a flourishing state of cultivation, are no doubt destined to become 
 the centre of future settlements. At the mouths of each of these rivers are basins pro- 
 tected by long clifis ; in these small vessels find a safe refuge at all times of the tide ; they 
 are generally frequented by fishermen coming from St. Anne des Monts, and who generally 
 pass some months of every year there during the fishing season. There are several small 
 settlements along the front of these townships, which though in their infancy show signs 
 of becoming more important. 
 
 '* The land in the 2nd Range is not inferior to that in the 1st, and setting aside the 
 advantages which the settlers in the Range derive from their proximity to the St. Lawrence, 
 I can safely say that the lands in the second range would prove more profitable than those iu 
 the first. The surface of the land is every where level and the soil of the finest quality. 
 Several lots have been already applied for, but principally on acc3unt of the profit to be 
 derived from the extensive maple woods which cover the slopes of the, hills bordering the 
 
 I mucb 
 % consi. 
 ?! ash, 
 I of th 
 I line 
 f small 
 
 f wood 
 
 I It is 
 I eral 1 
 
 i "*'* * 
 i be in 
 
 iDeol 
 
 I genel 
 
16 
 
 alle^ and 
 ntry very 
 a, to about 
 mouth of 
 where ox- 
 which is 
 access and 
 
 hite birch, 
 e valley of 
 miles have 
 
 There is a 
 )le for the 
 settlers who 
 ion. 
 
 n line, be- 
 rhe land on 
 ain that as 
 The same 
 ver. To a 
 
 soil a rich 
 Eire the deep 
 rided these, 
 louble range 
 
 iibits about 
 
 :thy of note . 
 
 s rivers are 
 
 I distance of 
 
 self into two 
 
 ay plan what 
 
 )hes; on each 
 
 manufacture 
 
 on the banks 
 
 and unfit for 
 
 near the St. 
 
 ) 60 acres of 
 
 lie river bank 
 lement. The 
 irsouin, those 
 mode of sub- 
 rev should be 
 L the frontage 
 
 and Claude ; 
 ed to become 
 e basins pro- 
 he tide ; they 
 who generally 
 
 several small 
 icy show signs 
 
 itting aside the 
 St. Lawrence, 
 e than those in 
 finest quality 
 e profit to be 
 bordering the 
 
 different rivers.' The timber most abundant in those parts of these townships which I 
 have explored, are the balsam, white and red birch and spruce, with a few cedars, the lat- 
 ter, being invariably found in the low grounds of rivers, are of good growth and quality. 
 
 " I have only to add that the settlement of these two townships depends altogether 
 upon the opening of the roid, and the application of a good system of colonization, and if 
 in addition to those benefits it should please the Government to make gratuitous grants of 
 the lots along the road, the country might soon congratulate itself on the rapid progress 
 that colonisation would make in this neighbourhood." 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF DELISLE AND ISLAND OF ALMA. 
 
 On the River Saguenay, in the County of Ghicotttimi| were surveyed by P. L. Survey- 
 or E. Duberger, in 1861, who reports as folIoTrs: •' -'■ < 
 
 " From the starting point of the line between Townships Tach^and Delisle, on the 
 north bank of the Grande Decliarge, as I have already remarked in detail in my field book 
 and report of progress No. 1, the surface in general was of a broken sort. The great 
 number of streams which I intersected on my way, accounts for the unevcnness of the sur- 
 face, and for the same rcabon the soil is singularly good and arable. I do not think it worth 
 while to take the few rocky pcctions in that part of my survey into consideration, because 
 they are all detached from each other, few in number and of very small extent, leaving the 
 land throughout in all respects free and easy of culture. 
 
 " The above topographical description will answer from the borders of the Grande De- 
 charge up to the vicinity of the 6th mile post, after which the soil is poor, being composed 
 of large grained white sand and a few bog swamps, with the exception of that tract of land 
 in the vicinity of the Riviere au Broohet, the borders of which are wooded with large and 
 lofty mixed timber and the soil is composed of clay. The merchantable timber which has 
 been in abuadance some years ago in that part of the country has since been manufactured 
 and taken away. 
 
 " Along the rear line of the township the country has in general a more even surface, 
 but the soil is noi recommsndable, with the exception of a few narrow sections of which 
 the soil is sandy and produces nothing but cypress, black and grey spruce, and dwarfish 
 white birch. 
 
 '' The surface along the main west line of Township Delisle is broken up by deep gul- 
 lies, but the soil is of the richest kind, it being composed of fine clay with a slight mixture 
 of loam which may be called excellent arable land, with the exception of the north-west 
 corner of the Township where the soil is completely destitute of vegetation less a few 
 sections where black and white spruce of a dwarfish siie and white pines of an inferior 
 quality predominate. 
 
 " The description of the country along the west line of the township does not vary 
 much, it is generally uneven. The soil is composed of fine clay with sub loam, the timber 
 consi. ting of fir, black and white birch, brushwood of all descriptions, including mountain 
 ash, merchantable spruce and white pines, particularly on the elevated spots on each side 
 of the streams which I intersected. I have also come across some detached rocks on this 
 line but they are of very little consequence as they are scattered, each covering a very 
 small area of land and small in number. 
 
 '' As I neared the Grand Decharge with the linC; I crossed certain tracts which were 
 wooded with nothing but cedar of a large size, but too deformed to be valuable. 
 
 " The Island of Alma h one of the finest tracts of land in the County of Ghicoutimi. 
 It is in general low and thickly wooded in^K large and loffcy mixed timber, the soil in gen- 
 eral being of a rich loam with a slight mi^.tire of clay. It is my firm opinion that there is 
 not two hundred acres of waste land on this island. With all these advantages it will not 
 be inhabited for some years on account of the difficulty of communications by the Grand 
 Decharge, which is difficult and toilsome, particularly when the waters are high, which is 
 generally the case after a couple of d'^.ys' rain. 
 
16^.)^ 
 
 « Af |o the topography of the interior of Township Deliile, it does not dliffer much firom 
 that dcsoribed about the main lines. 
 
 " The country on each side of the line diyidiog ranges A aod 1 has a rolling surface ex- 
 cept in the vicinity 6f the Grand Deoharge, where there are a few rocks, &o. The country 
 inclines towards the south-west ^in broken order. The soil is loam and the timber con- 
 sists of black and white birch, spruce, fir, &o., all large and lofty. When I surveyed this 
 part of the township scattered white pines were yet seen, but they have since been exported 
 by lumberers. 
 
 " The country traversed by the line dividing ranges 1 and 2 from lot No. 1 to No. 14 
 does not differ much from that latterly described. It is uneven from No. 1 to No. 14. The 
 vicinity of the Grand Decharge answers for that nnevenness of the surface. The soil is of 
 a superior quality and well suited for agriculture. The timber is large, lofty and mixed. 
 
 « The country crossed by the lines 2 and 3, 8 aojd 4 is^of the same descriptioQ. The 
 surface is generally uneven, partidnlarly in the vicinity of Riviere Mistook and Rivi&re k 
 la Pipe. The timber is large, lofty and mixed. The soil is loam except in the bottom of 
 gullies, where it is clay. The western part of the range 1 and 2 from lot No. 88 to 49 
 crosses a country very proper for agricultural purposes. Many white pines of a good qual- 
 ity are to be seen on both sides of the line, and there the soil does not differ from that al- 
 ready described. 
 
 " The immediate borders on the north bank of the Grand Decharee are high and rocky 
 froiQ No, 1 to No. 10. To be brief the banks vary in height from No. 1 to 49. in some parts 
 the appearances are poor but it changes, and is of a better quality at some aistance north 
 of the bank. 
 
 "The minor islands, with the exception of No. 1 and No, 8, are fine traots of land and 
 are generally low and wooded with black and white birch, tx, spruce and brushwood ; tha 
 reraainbg pines aeen on them are of an inferior quality." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF DAAQU AM. 
 
 This township is situate in the valley of the upper St. John's river, in the <)onnty of ' 
 Belleehasae, and is bounded on the south-east by that river, where it forms part of the 
 louthem limits of the Province under the Ashburton treaty, and on the north-west by the 
 river Da&quam, or Mettawaquam, on one side, on the north-east, by the 'x'ownship of Panet, 
 and on the other, on the north-west by the recently surveyed Township of Langevin. Ij 
 is the sonthermost of the townships traversed by the projected line of road diverging at 
 right angles from the Tach4 Road, in the Township of Mailloux, which, when carried ou 
 aa originally contemplated; will Serve to open up a vast field for colonization. Mr. P. L. S. ; 
 Casgrain gives a favorable report of the soil and timber of this section of country in his ' 
 ,eport of survey of the arable part of the township : — 
 
 " Before terminating my report, I taust affiria that putting together all tay observations 
 of the soil and variety of land in this course of my exploration of the Township of Baaquam, 
 I four 1 the lands in this township fevorable for cultivation and offering to the colonist 
 who is prepared to clear them, a sure guarantee of success. 
 
 "lam the more confirmed in this opinion by the rare and remarkable fact that this ' 
 locality IS everywhere extremely level and devoid of rocks, which gives the cultivators 
 great facilities for opening roads of communication. The only diflSculties to be encountered 
 intnis township arise from the existence of some marshes here and there but these are 
 tnflwg compared with those arising from the inequalities of the surface, and 1 have the 
 hope that at no very distant day a briUiant ciestiny awaits the valley situate between the 
 tiTer Daaquam and the River St. John. 
 
 ,-^.^i . .-. 
 
 
 .r 1-- 
 
 -rVt^:''"'''^ Ol',!fH>': ^ .T-^^t. 
 
 -v.'' - V, . 
 
u 
 
 ih ttom 
 
 Pace ez- 
 sountry 
 er oon« 
 ^ed this 
 zported 
 
 I No. 14 
 4. The 
 loil is of 
 lixed. 
 
 The 
 ividre k 
 Dttum of 
 38 to 49 
 ood qual- 
 that al- 
 
 ind rocky 
 tme parta 
 ,oe north 
 
 land and 
 ood • the 
 
 <)0unty of 
 art of the 
 est by the 
 pbfPanet, 
 gevin. It 
 merging at 
 carried ou 
 [r.P.L.S. 
 itry in his 
 
 bservation^ 
 fDaaqnam, 
 he colonist 
 
 ot that this 
 ) cttltivators 
 iocountered 
 it these are 
 i have the 
 between the 
 
 '>UJ '^HiXi!' 
 
 r TOWNSHIP OF FOURNIER. u . , v y 
 
 This township, situate in the County of L'Islet, comprises the tract, of land formerly 
 called the augmentation of Ashford, and is bounded by the seigniory of St. Jean Port 
 Joli on the north west, on the south east by the towuship of Garneau, towards the south 
 west partly by the seigniory of Lessard, the townships of Beaubien and Lessard, and 
 towards the north east by the township of AHhford, in part by the Elgin road. 
 
 The whole of this township is surveyed it t ) farm lots, comprising nine ranges each of 43 
 lots, the first three ranges consinting of 200 acre lots and the residue into 100 acre lots. 
 
 This road opened by Government in 1856, leading from the settled townships on the 
 
 St. Lawrence to the Province Line, has proved of eminent service in facilitating the settle^ 
 
 ment of the public lands, surveyed townships fronting on it. 
 
 The land in the township of Fournier surveyed by Mr. P. L. S. Ven^eault, is reported 
 i^s follows : — 
 
 " The general quality of the land I have surveyed in this township is sandy, the 
 timber, bulsaui', spruce birch, and white birch. The land is mostly dry and stony, but 
 still good for cultivation, over a large extent of the township. Theuontage between the 
 8th and 9th ranges must be excepted as to that part north east and south west of the central 
 line : the land though sandy is rich and free from rocks, and covered with hard wood and 
 spruce. 
 
 " The large lofly trees testify to the fertility of the soil. The land throughout except 
 the belt mentioned above, rather resembles that found along the Elgin road; and is, it is 
 well known well liked by ourfsttlers. 
 
 " Some marshes, nearly all near the lakes, will be an obstacle in the way of settlement, 
 particularly as regards the construction of roads. 
 
 " The land is nearly all level, with the exception of some slight undulations ; I found 
 neither mountains nor hills, on all the lines I explored which would offer any impediment 
 to the opening of roads. 
 
 GOSFORT> AND ROCMONT. ' 
 
 The northerly part of the township of Gosford, and the easterly part of the adjoining 
 township of Rocmont, both situate in the County of Portneuf were subdirided and laid oui 
 into farm lots by Mr. P. L. Surveyor Ignace P. Dery, to meet the demand for the Settle- 
 ment of that section of the waste lands. The Country, although generally mountainous^ 
 offers along the tributaries of the north east and main branches of the River St. Anne, 
 several fine valleys for settlement, which the opening of the proposed colonization road 
 from St. Gabriel to connect with St. Raymond, besides those already constructed cannot 
 fail to promote. 
 
 The following extracts from the Report of Mr. P. L. Surveyor Dery will eonvey a^ 
 reliable description of the land and timber in both townships : — 
 
 " The fifth range of Gosford is all settled except lots 26 and 28. In that part of the 
 sixth range which I have surveyed the land is well adapted for cultivation, with the et- 
 ception of the lots on each side of the River Talleyard, which however are well provided 
 with wood for the market, pf-incipally spruce ; five lots are already applied for j two 
 thirds of the seventh, eighth, and ninth ranges of Gosford, in this part of the township 
 are well adapted for cultivation ; although rather rooky • the soil is good ; the sonth-wds 
 luklf of lot No. 17 of the eighth range ia ocoapie'd ; tiiere is a saw mill on it, whioh belong 
 
mmm' 
 
 to Ohas. Voyer ; there are two saws in this mill which is about 26 feet by 80 ; the water 
 power is not of suffioiont force lo work the mill when the water ia low. 
 
 '< The quality of the soil in that part of the township whioh I last surveyed, is simi- 
 lar to that of Gosfurd. The Revd. Mr. Bedard oooupies the 39th lot of the sooond range, 
 and has built a mill with two saws, whioh supplies the settlers of Rocmont with all the 
 wood they require. A flour mill has also been oommenoed by Mr. Uedard, to supply the 
 wants of the people of the place ; both these mills are in the same building, on the little 
 River Roche Platte, whioh has sufficient volume to drive the mills even when the water is 
 low. 
 
 " No. 42 of the 5th Range is occupied by Edward Walsh, who has cleared and culti- 
 vated about twenty-five acres of land, built a house, barn and stable ; numbcra 45 and 46 
 of the 5th Range are also occupied by Hugh Qarrhae, he has also about eight acres of land 
 under cultivation, and has built a house 25 feet by 20. Lot 42 is in possession of John 
 Hughes, who has made no improvements worthy of mention. There is a large qantity of 
 spruce fit to make logs for the market. Mr. Methot who has a licence for foiling timber 
 in Gosford, has two or three huts erected for carrying on this business. His agents ap- 
 peared well satisfied with the quality of the timber ; and with the aid of the lines that were 
 cleared were enabled to explore the entire limits of their license. A few only uf the pines 
 are of inferior quality, these are found on the borders of the lakes and rivers. The road 
 explored by P. L. Surveyor Neilson, which I met in running the rear linos would be of 
 great use in the sottloment of this part of Gosford, and would very much shorten the road 
 for the settlers in Rocmont." 
 
 
 TOWNSHIPS OP CARNEAU, CASGRAIN AND LAFONTAINE. 
 
 The two former townships are situate on the south-west and the latter on the north 
 east side of the Elgin Road range, in the County of L'Islet. 
 
 The residues of unsurveyed lands in the above named townships were laid out into 
 I'arm lots for the purpose of extending the field of settlement, in consequence of the rapid 
 disposal of the lands laid out along both sides of the Elgin Road, taken chiefly by the hardy 
 yeomanry from the old settled parishes in the seigniories bordering on the St. Lawrence • 
 whilst the opening of the Taoh4 Road, which traverses the townships of Garneau and 
 Lafontaine, and intersects the Elgin Road, will aid materially in developing the settlement 
 of this section of the public lands. 
 
 Description of the lands surveyed into farm lots in the township of Garneau : 
 
 ' " The five last ranges of the township of Garneau, now surveyed, give a superficies o^ 
 twenty-two thousand acres of land, in part well adapted for ooloni74ation, offering a surface 
 generally level and covered for the most part with mixed hardwood : it is more rocky than 
 the township of Casgrain." 
 
 I Description- of the lands surveyed in the Township of Casgrain : 
 
 " The five last ranges of the Township of Gasgrain, whioh form a superficies of 20,226 
 acres, are in general less stony than those of the Township Garneau ; they are partly 
 covered with maple, presenting a soil generally sandy and of good quality. This township 
 is traversed in every direction by important and numerous rivers, on which mills of every 
 kind might easily be constructed. 
 
 Description of the lands surveyed in the Township of Lafontaine : 
 " There are found, in different parts of this tract, meadows made by beavers many 
 years ago, which will be of great advantage to the settlers, from the facility the latter will 
 have of procuring hay, which although of a rather inferior quality, will be not less useful 
 in helping them to winter their cattle, during the first years of their occupancy, and until 
 they can mow better hay from their own lota. There are also on some lots maple groves, 
 many of which are already occupied by persons who have made sugar there for the last two 
 or tibiree years ; these maple groves will also be of advaatage to those holdiag these lots by 
 
19 
 
 "■ , 'T. 
 
 enabling them to gain some money by preparing them for market, at a soason when it would 
 be impoHsible for then: to do anvthing in advancing their farm work." 
 
 " On looking at these fine lands, ifvhioh are, so to speak, at the door of our farmers set- 
 tled in the pariuhes along the river St. Lawrence, one is surprised that thoy have not been 
 already for man) years settled, while the vigorous youth or our oountrv parts have been 
 leaving from day to dav to live among strangers. One of the prinoipnl reasons, and one 
 which has certainly delayed their settlement, has been the uiit'avorablc reports made by 
 hunters, f r sonic reason or other, of these lands, saying that they were nothing but barren 
 swamps and rocks, wholly unfit for settlement ; reports which were apparontlv confirmed 
 by a strip of land, a mile or a mile and a-half in width, in * rearof the seigniories which is 
 precisely such as the hunters have represented the remainder to be; add to this the absence 
 of any road to get to these lands, ana, in the last place, the uncertainty of not knowing 
 where the line of separation between this province and the United States would pass, the 
 latter pretending, before it was drawn, that all the lands watered by the streams dis- 
 charging into the River St. John belonged to them, thus taking away all the township of 
 Dionne, and more than half tht. ^fLafontaine, which are about the finest parts of the tracts 
 in question." 
 
 " But now that ther'* is an auspicious beginning of settlement on these lands, we mu6t 
 hope that they will be promptly opened, by enabling an industrious population to secure an 
 honest independence, as well as by eventually preventing our young people going else- 
 where to meet only fraud and deception." .,, , . .i' .. <■ , I 
 
 north 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF LANGEVIN. 
 
 The township of Langevin is situate on the River St. John, the southern boundary of 
 the Province under the Ash burton Treaty, and in the county of Dorchester. It is bounded 
 on the north-west by the irregular limit of the township of Ware, on the south-east by the 
 boundary of the Province, towards the north-east partly by the townships of Bellechasse 
 and Daaquam, and towards the south-west by the surveyed township of Ware, and the pro- 
 jected township of Metgermette ; and contains 65,200 acres, whereof 80,789 acres were 
 laid out into farm lots of 100 acres, in the north-west part of the township. 
 
 This township may be said to occupy part of the upper valley of the River St. John> 
 and is watered by the tributaries of the Rivers Ghaudiere and St. John. ' j^*' t vn 
 
 Mr. P. L. S. Casgrain describes the larger proportion of the land surveyed as highly 
 fit for cultivation, as may be seen from the following extracts from his report : — ~- , ,j 
 
 " Having been unable to find the north-east line of the township of Ware, which 
 forms the south-westerly boundary of the township of Langevin, I took upon myself to 
 run it, meeting the River Daaquam at a distance of 135 chains. It is very narrow at this 
 point, the soil is of middling quality and spruce is the most abundant timber ; but on the 
 rest of the line which traverses a forest of maple, birch, elm, pine and cedar, the soil is of 
 a superior kind, with few rocks, it is generally very level and composed of grey loam. 
 
 " Returning to the north-easterly line of the township I ran the line between the 5th 
 and 6th ranges ; on the fifth lot I found a swamp of about 20 chains by 15, and another, 
 round in shape, of about 15 chains in diameter, on the 16th lot. 
 
 " Up to this point the land is only middling, but, after passing the 18th lot, the line 
 traverses a magnificent forest of hardwood, maple, birch, ash, and cedar ; the soil is a grey 
 loam, quite free from rooks. 
 
 " Returning to the centre lihe, I ran the line between the 4th and 5th ranges; on the 
 15th lot I crossed a small stream, 40 links wide, and on the 19th lot the line passes along 
 the northerly line of a swamp, tending to the south west, about 30 chains in breadth. 
 There is a small swamp on lot 31, about 10 chains broad ; at this place, also, there is a 
 l»rge burnt clearing, which extends as far as the south-west lateral line of the township , 
 and about a hundred ohains to the southward. ':»•> *«• • a*;>^.^ -i 'in^n^fips. v-»i. ru jii«*^« 
 
10 
 
 " The woods whioh h»T6 sprang np siooe the flr«s have taken plaoe, are, the eherry, 
 white biroh, spruce, and cedar. The land is generally good and not ruoky. The 4drd lot 
 is tratersed by a river of dead water, aboot 60 links wide and three or four feet deep ; this 
 river contains fish. This locality is very level, and nearlv all susceptible of cultivation. 
 
 " The third and fourth ranges are both cleared by fire, and in both the land is good 
 •nd firee firom rooks. 
 
 " On the 2nd range, the burnt clearing ends at a distance of half a mile, after whioh, 
 the hardwood forest begins, composed of maple, biroh, and beech : the land is also excellent. 
 The same may be said of both timber and soil on the first range, wherever the old line is 
 Tisible. The line between Watford and Metgermette not having been prolonged I carried 
 it as fkr as the River St. John ; finding, everywhere, hardwood and a soil free from roeks 
 
 '' In range B, the land is equally good ; the timber, cedar, balsam, and spruce. 
 
 " I then proceeded to lay out lots along the River Daaquam, which, I found, to have a 
 depth of three or four feet, and an average breadth of about 60 feet, it is winding, and its 
 •arrent very gentle ; its banks are covered with trees, and the soil on the north side is of • 
 •aperior quality, as also the hardwood with which the land is covered. 
 
 " The river abounds in fish and afifords, in several places, some splendid water-powers. 
 
 " In running the south-west line of the township of Belloohaase, I met, at a distance 
 of 77 ehains, in the 8th concession, a branch of the River Daaquam ; its breadth here 
 is about 66 feet. At 70 chains, on the 0th range, I found a snail river uf about 88 feet 
 in width, running south-west ; and another, of the same breadth, and running in the same 
 direction, at 78 chains, on the 1st concession. Through the whole of this line the timber 
 is a mixture of balsam, spruce, birch, and cedar. At 1 40 chains on the last range it passes 
 through magnificent forests of hardwood of the very best quality. 
 
 " After laying out the exterior lines of the township I commenced the sub-division 
 of that part of it ^ing to the north of the River Daaquam, for which purpose I started a 
 line fh)m the post Between the 8th and 9th ranges, running astronomically south-west : I 
 found, all through, the most splendid hardwood. The soil is a grey loam with very few 
 roeks. 
 
 "On lot 24 there is a splendid site for a church, in the midst of a fine forest of hard- 
 wood, the spot is a little elevated with a fine view on all sides. The surrounding land 
 would be a most eligible locality for a village. 
 
 " Returning to the north-east lateral line I, started another range line, running as far 
 as the south-west lateral line ; this line passes, .through a level country, without rooks— the 
 soil a ffrey loam, well covered, generally with maple, beech, and birch. The lot No. 6 is 
 crossed by a river about 80 feet wide with sufficient fall to turn a mill ; there is also a 
 river on lot 14, of about the same breadth, and another on lot 20, both running southward. 
 
 " Finally, starting from the. post, on the north east lateral line between the 10th and 
 11th ranges, from a range line to the south west lateral line, this line passes mostly through 
 fine wood, and good land. The 6th lot is traversed by a river tunning south 60 linxs 
 wide. The 7th, 8th and 9th lots are covered with hard wood, sloping towards the north, 
 on an Angle, of 8 or 9 degrees. The land after this is clothed with balsam, spruce, beech, 
 audi oedar, and is perfectly level as far as lot 21, when the surface becomes uneven as far 
 M the 2Sth lot, in whioh is a river running south east, about 26 links wide. The rest of 
 the range as far as the centre line abounds in magnificent hard wood. 
 
 In closing my report I may say that on putting together my observations on the 
 iiatiire of the soil and the features of the ground, this locality o£fers to settlers the greatest 
 aMoxanoe of success, and this is confirmed by the usiversal evenness of the ground, which 
 affords the farmer such excellent opportunities for opening roads. In addition to whioh, 
 splendid riveni and strean^s interseot the lau'l in all directions, all of which ciroum- 
 ^nee8«onfirm me in the idea that at no distant period a high destiny awaits the township 
 of Langevin." 
 
 11^ 
 
 r THE TOWNSHIP OF LYTTON, 
 
 ,, ,In ihi Cpnii^ty q^ Ottawa, abofit 90 miles up the River i Gatineau, is bounded, oi^ the 
 poatli hy the Township of Egan and adjoins tha County line of Fcmtiao on the nortb^and 
 
21 
 
 4drd lot 
 )ep; thii 
 ration, 
 is good 
 
 jr which, 
 Dxoellent. 
 )ld line is 
 I carried 
 am rooks 
 ice. 
 
 to have a 
 , and its 
 e is of a 
 
 :S; 
 
 jr-powers. 
 
 distance 
 adth here 
 at 88 feet 
 
 the same 
 ;he timber 
 e it passes 
 
 ib-divisioD 
 [ started a 
 th-west: I 
 h very few 
 
 ist of hard- 
 nding laud 
 
 ning as far 
 rooks — the 
 t No. 6 is 
 e is also a 
 southward. 
 e 10th and 
 ^ly through 
 h 50 links 
 the north, 
 uoe, beech, 
 even as far 
 The rest of 
 
 )ns on the 
 the greatest 
 >und, which 
 I to which, 
 ioh ciroum- 
 he township 
 
 appoarit from the following Report of I*, h. Surveyor JiininM McArtlinr, who recently sur 
 veyctl it to bo well ailnptod lor Hottluinotit. It coiiiuiiis ^7,800 uureu, of which 34,000 
 have boon Hitbdiviiled into farm luti: 
 
 With respect to the phyHiciil ehaiMotorifltics of Jjytton, T bog loavo to utato that the 
 land Ih of vory ^;ood quality and lixtronioly level, thoio are very few clovationH of any eon- 
 Hidoruble extent; at leawt It") per cent of the whole is arable and ilt for cultivation. There 
 is a continual NuncU'Hsiun of hardwood rid^'cs, with balnani, cedar, or laniarack KWanipH inter- 
 vening; the soil on the Irirdwood ri<li,'t's iw cxctjlicnt, !>iU ii. the Hwamps it in lijjht and 
 sandy. There in not much white or red (line in the township; oecasiuiially Hniall grovcH are 
 to bo met with of largo growth, and of apparently good ((uality, but not in "-uifieient (juau- 
 titicH to induce cxten.-ivn lumbering opcratiopH. \h yt there are no nettlers in hyttoi; ; 
 nor is there any probability of its bring st^ttlcd soon, an it is ^'o dilHcult of access at all sea- 
 sons of the year. It in true tliat it can bo easily reached by the Indian or experienced 
 voi/in/fui' by ascending (Jaiineaa or Desert Rivers in c.inoes, but few settlers could be found 
 willing to etioounter tiie risk thereby incuned; gou 1 r^iads are essentially n(H;essary in order 
 to open out the t(nvn<hi|is on the (jatincau river for settlement. In no other part of the 
 Ottawa country is there so large a tract iij" really good and fertile hind as in the Townships 
 of Muuiwaki, i'igan, Aumond, Sicotte, .md Lytton ; but in order to render said land availa- 
 ble it is absoliitelv uoecssarY that roads should be iuimcdiatelv constructed or laid out 
 throughout said townships. 
 
 rv 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ^wVTANE. 
 
 
 ind^doi^ the 
 e Bortb^and 
 
 The six first ranges of this Townshij) situate In the Couuty of Iliniou.ski, were verified 
 by Mr. P. L. Surveyor iJradley : the primitive survey being nimost wholly obliterated 
 whilst a pressing demand jjrevniled for purchasing the lands in this township for actual set 
 tlement. It is bounded on the south by the St. liawrciiec, on the north east by the Scign 
 iory of Matane, and on the south west by the townf-hip of McNider. The following ex' 
 tract of Mr. Bradley's report will convoy .some reliable information on the character of the 
 lands surveyed by bini in this townshii) : — '' ' ' ' ; ' ■' -^ 
 
 In luy supplementary report on the sur ey of iMatai.e, iu 18GI I represented to Che 
 Government tne necciisity (if opening a road at or near tliC llivcr IJlauche, so as to allow 
 the settlers to penetrate into the interior, and to give some eneouragcnjcnt to colonisation. 
 The quality of the land in rear of the first four ranges wan even superior to that iu the first 
 ranges, especially from the fifth to the eighth range or even as far as the river Pechedety, 
 which empties itself into the river Matme, on t!io Uth range, I conceive it uiy duty 
 again to urge the imporianeo of such an improvement. E.vperieuce has fully proved that 
 without roads or routes to penetrate into the forest, settlement to the extent desired by^he 
 Government cannot be accomplished. I :uu therelbre happy to be the echo of the nume- 
 rous settlers in this township, for I am convinced that if the (Jovernment arc disposed to 
 give them some assistance, they will never have to rcpro:ich themselves for having wasted 
 the public money, far fro-.i it, it will always bo a source ol' congratulation to thini ttiat 
 they have given an impulse to the imprtiv.oinent of agriculture in a township which pro- 
 nii.ses ti' become at no distant p. iriod, one of tiio important parts of a district ;< i ready iu 
 so flourishing a condition. 
 
 " I would suggest at the same time thecxpodiency of opening a route to Lartigou ; but 
 a better acqaintance with the locality and topography of the township hf e convinced mo 
 that a branch road would be suflicient, to start from the uorth cast of Tartigou, going north 
 easterly till it joins the water of thi! river Blanche, at some point on lots 20 or 21 of the 
 fourth range, this route would then be common to both localities, extending as far as the 
 river Pechedety. This river is deep enough to float pine and spruce log.-, and the 
 Messrs. Price & Sons are at the present moment clearing these pine forests, both to their 
 own profit and that of the uoighbouriug iuhabitauts. it boasts at the same time of several 
 
ti 
 
 mill powrr.^, well culiMilatcd to supply iiiilln or inniiiifactitrioM of iiny kind ; tho banka of the 
 river arc hi^h, ami Init iittio mhiptod to cultivaHoi), owiii^' to tlwir f.'roiit Ntocpnnri. 
 
 " I ou^ht alno Id remark on tho fubdiviHion (iftlK.- lotsiilonf; tin; river Mntatio, beyond 
 the (igbtb ranfio. As it is more ihnn probable tint tho (ioveriiinent will at 8(»nio con- 
 veuicnt Rcafoti, cunliue tlio Hur\ey beyond ilh present liinitii. 1 am of opinion that it would 
 be to their mlvanta^e an well a.s to that of the seltlerH or ^<|llatt('rH, to divide the IoIh on 
 each Hide of the river, on a bearing south wcHtand north eant, for thia roaKin : in the first 
 place, the landn eleared by the M|iiattters have all been liiii out in thin manner, for this 
 reason that it allows them to settle in larger ninnbers and with more ODnveniencu to them- 
 •alves. '1 hi.'< river tlows through vast table !nnd.H, fertile in the lii^heMt decree, andoxtend* 
 ing into the interior a dimtaiictt oi nearly ten leagues, and ni' n breadth varying from 11 to 
 20, or even HO arpents. 
 
 " On these table lands abound the elm tree, ash, beeeh, poplar, and spruec ; and I 
 have been asflurcd by Indians that these splendid plateaus extend as far m trout river 
 (^hich flows into the Grand iMatane, at about 15 leagues from tho St. Lawrence,) follow 
 ing its sinuosities, and that at the confluence of tho river Tornadi, they are of far greater 
 extent. 
 
 " In rear of these table lands commence the hard wood lands, these are tho banks of 
 the river Mutanc, having a slope Hufiicicntly gcntlo to be cultivable. It will bo evidcut 
 from the uuture uf this proposition, that niany hundreds of sottlcrii could establish them- 
 selves at very little expense for tho opening of roads, as they would have only their front 
 road to make. A road is at present open from the south wtf>t side of tho river, to tho 
 back of the 9tb range, and some fifteen settlers have already ranged bemselves along cho 
 road, with clearings on their respective lots, varying from .') to 85 ac • s, who are wuiang 
 with great anxiety for the decision of the Government in this nia'.ti . 
 
 *' Should my humble suggestions not be adopted, the conseq icuces which would 
 ensue would I think be as follows : — The pre ont sijuatters would lose the greater part of 
 their cleared lands, as they are cut up in all .shapes by tho river, tho lines being changed 
 in their direction, one or two iiidividua's would profit by the labours of nil the others. 
 This would be the case with Blouis and Chrysostonie IJernier, besides the cultivation of 
 these lotA will be impossible, as their small means will not allow of their constructing 
 bridges, and no alternative would be left them but to abandon their lands or to vegetate 
 on them for the rest of their days ; this fact is so evident that some of them have already 
 given up clearing. 
 
 " I would recommend in addition, the continuation of tho " Tach6 Road," from tho 
 Matapcdia road to Matanc, as a certain means of settling the fertile lands in the interior 
 of tho townships of Cabot, McN'ider, and Matanc. A route to communicate as far m 
 the town.ship of St. Denis, or its augmentation (now called tho township of Tessier,) 
 would bo V' ry de-^irable, the land is magnifiiont in rear of the Seigniory of Matane, and 
 would be all taken up shortly if accessible by roads or routes. The inhabitants or squat- 
 ters of this locality have already petitioned the Legislature on this subject, and I may 
 venture to say it would only be fair to grant their petition, for they more than all others 
 feel the want of such improvements, and know how to appreciate the benefits they confer 
 on colonization generally." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF MANN. 
 
 The land surveyed into farm lots in this township, in the county of Bonaventure, as 
 returned in the annual staeement for the year l8Gl, lies back of Oak-!*oint-Range and tho 
 adjudicaced lands situate on t'le River du Loup, and east of the track reserved for the 
 Micmao Indians of Ristigouche. It :g bounded towards the east by the Seigniory of Shool- 
 br«d and the Township of Nouvelle, and on the north by the residue of the township. 
 
iz 
 
 Tin exoelh'rit (juulity of llio b >il in tliis townH'iip, itn Quo timber, nnJ tho favorabU 
 obaractor of the lutid, euiiiiut'ruil to IikJuoo uriiigraiiti, eiipfliMiilly thn Auuilituii from Nova 
 Scotiii titiii I'rincu Ktlward I^lutul, umi ooriitict; to tliv rupid Hvttleinont of tliJH township. 
 
 The report of Mr. K li. Lc^Dndio (Miivcyi ;i 8:»tis(iiotory docriptioii of tho country 
 surveyed, im tbllaWM- 
 
 *' All tho liirul wliidli I hav.) raiit in prol(»nu;in'X this lino, ii so good and ho fit for ouU 
 tivtttiiin that it wm takon up by do^ro s whli t I wis sur\oyin;» it I wan iirooinpuniod by a 
 lurgo iiuiiditr (,f uctivo yiiuii|^ in >ii who did not oimtiiit thi< iin( Ivcm mondy wiih marking 
 thoir lotN, but who uctuiiliy (Mil down tho ith'h and id nrod ho land wh.lo 1 wai working 
 on tho lino 
 
 " This land in pi-rfootly lovol and oovorod with very largo l)iroh and maple. Itcitonda 
 IkiiDW not how fir cattwarl, for ih ; l.i ih II v -r, at a distmoj of fr)ia 14 to I.) ohiins to 
 the cant of my lino, (^omos from tho north, and it ia on tho oast side that this IcV'd and good 
 land appcircd to nic lh(>n to cxiond. 
 
 '* Having him c proloniifd tho roar lino of the cast range from llivor du Loup to tho 
 seventh run^jo, 1 wa^ cnablod tu a.-^ctrtiiin that tho land alroady niontionod extended to- 
 wardii thn cant. I ftdl in with it on tho north part nf (ho fifth mile and on sixth, beyond 
 which, if I may judgo from appoaranees, I bolievo it terminates only at tho valh-y formed 
 by tho Kiver Esouminae. 
 
 " All the land whi(di lioM between tho Uusteod Oook and rear lino of tho range cast 
 of tho lliver du Loup in uf tho boHt quality, and although it is very elevated, it is neverthe- 
 less level and of c i.sy access. Groat part of tho timber is birch, of an enormous sise, and 
 sound in quality. 
 
 " The groat valley of IJustood (.'rock is wooded with pines which appeare<] to mo for 
 tho most part Ho\ind. Thi.s crook only extends, from what I am informed, to the fourth 
 range, whore it takes its ri.^c. 
 
 " I proceedod to (ho post, liet,"oon tho fourth and fifth ranges, on the range cast of 
 River du Loup, um' ; rolon^od this lino to its junction with the west lino of the township 
 ofNouvcllc. The ; lil which I mot with along this line is still finer than that of the 
 ranges already passe over, aud to give an idea of it, I will say that it may be compared to 
 that of Matapcdin. 
 
 " The prevailing ti<ul)or is the same as that lower down, that is to say, birch and 
 maple ; and, with th.u i xooption of the hill at the point of departure, tho land, as far as 
 Harrison Creek, is level. This hill is tho last in this range. The cast branch of the 
 River du Loup and Uustccd Creed take their rise in tho middle of the fourth range, in a 
 grove of balsams, aud beyond this tho mountains disappear. 
 
 '* Access to any of the ranges of these townships is niado easier by the shunty roads 
 along tho different streams, which extend as far as the Kiver Escuminuc, and in one in- 
 stance, to the head oi the above named creeks; nor is there any difference in the roadu, 
 the land being the same everywhere. 
 
 " The valley of Ilarri.son Creek in this range is wiler and more shallow than in the 
 ranges already gone through, and the land in this valley is exceedingly good. The timber 
 is of enormous size ; ash trees, for example, arc met with as large as pines: the prevailing 
 kinds are elm, ash, and birch. This valley ap])cars to mo to become larger towards the 
 interior, and I do not doubt that in the adjacent ranges, it will appear still finer in character 
 not as respects the quality of the soil, for it is impossible to find better, but from its greater 
 extent of level ground. This crook supplies a considerable volume of water, and milla 
 might be put in operation throughon* 'ts length. 
 
 " The further I advance into the interior the better I find the soil, and I am informed 
 by credible parties, that there is equally good land as far as the River Escuminuc in the 
 interior; I jud< o h" not only from the appearance of that which I found between the 6th 
 and 7th ranges wlion I prolonged the rear Hue of River du Loup range east, but also irom 
 the opportunity which I had of seeing, from the summit of the mountain between the 5th 
 and 4th ranges, into the interior of the township. From this point I remarked that a 
 range of mountain.>i extended from the south-east towards the north-west, at many miles 
 distance, and that tlie ground sloped gradually from these mountains to the place of Qbser* 
 
24 
 
 VJition. From this I am led to believe that those mountains separate the river Escuminac 
 on the north, and leave a very large extent of ground fit for Immediate settlement on this 
 side, towards the south-west." 
 
 THE TOWKSIIIP OF PATAPEDIA. 
 
 In the County of Douavoiiturc bounded on the south by the Uivcr llistigouc'.ie, and 
 on the west by the Divisiuii line between tlio Provinces of Canada and New Bruns- 
 wick, and on tiie cast bv tlie townsliiiMif Mctnpcdiii. contiiins 80,000 acres, of which P. L. 
 Surveyor "NVm. 3!cDouaM (subdivided or>,-i80 iicivs into liivni lots in IMO'i. He reports as 
 
 follows : — .... 
 
 " Uemarkinj,' on the nature of this survey, tbe ubsevvaiion maybe made that in its 
 
 extent the Township is an unusually iar^o one, and from having two river I'ronts (upwards 
 of fifteen miles on the Kisligouehe and Kii on the I'afapedia.jjune oi'whielieould^not be scaled 
 occasioned some time in surveying i>uitieu!arly wlicn so much depended on correctness. 
 T';? binds warranting the subdivision of the lull exient of thirty five thousand acres per- 
 mitted, the n-imo were surveyed and po.-ted into M''!) lots full t'l-cM fourths of which are 
 in quality, adapted for Fcttlement, and the reuuiining undivided ;^ irts are not without a 
 large scope of very fine ac<x\^sible lai.d, vi2.,oa^t and \\est of the ec.itro line. 
 
 " John Sharp, and licnjamin Murrell are th • only two settle! s at present in the 
 Township, buu there is room on the Hiveis for at least forty additional settlers, the ranges 
 OQ theothcr handas I before reuuvrked in my seveiai rejjorts during' the progress of the 
 work, present elevated tracts, but which are nevevlheless easy of access by various routes, 
 in some instances up the streams iu other parts by diflc'-^nt ravines and along the table 
 land." 
 
 TOWNSHIPS OF POLETTE AND TUllOOTTE. 
 
 These contiguous townships are siii 'to on the northerly side of the lliver St' Maurice. 
 The township of Polctte lying partly in i"n county of Champlain and partly in the county 
 of Portueut* adjoins on the Soutli-wesr ']i;> Seigniory of IJatiscan, and presents on the 
 St. Maurice a frontage of iL'] miles, laid oui into (12 farm lots, several of whicli are already 
 occupied and improved, eonucctively with the extensive luuiLiering business carried on 
 upon that river and its tributaries. 
 
 The Kiver Wisscneau or "NVosseneau, wiiieh uit'chargesinto the St. Maurice about half 
 a mile below the mouth of Hut Pvivor, in the township of Turcotte, traverses this township 
 from north-cast to Houtli-we,<t — its north branch entering the township from the north- 
 west — and is, together with its tributaries, reported as offering seme fine tracts of laud for 
 settlement. 
 
 The Township of Turcotte, situate in the County of ]*ortneuf, adjoins on the south- 
 west the Township of Polettc, ai~ ! presents along its front on the St. Maurice GO Ikrai lots 
 now available for settlom.'nt. A range of farm lots on both f-;ides of Hat River, from the 
 rear of the first range to the north-v/est outline of the township, has been surveyed, which, 
 together with the surveyed ratiges back from the St. Maurice, will lay open to settlement 
 man} fine tracts of land eligible for cultivation, di-persed over 41, U-t2 acres subdivided 
 into ranges and lots, us returned into the departiiuint by Mr. 1*. L. S. Wallace: 
 
 " The irout of the township of Ptdctte presents some very fine tracts of land. That 
 part adjoining the St. Maurice eousis'.s of alluvial deposits of different ages, arranged in 
 successive '■tops varying in height from a fcv,' feot to about one hundred feet; the higher 
 or older plateau, in all cases shov>'ing the beiter s il. Seven of those steps or ancient banks 
 of the St Maurice can be distinctly traced iu several places The soil on thosT places is 
 sandy, the upj)or containing more vegetable uuitter than the lovvcr. The timber .is fir, spruce, 
 pine, aspen, white, yellow and black birches, cedar, ash, and in some places basswood. 
 Above the bill or bank proper of the rivor, which in sonjo plac^jS is precipitous aqd rooky, 
 tji© soil in generally a good browu leam, growing black and ygllow birches, maple, ',■'■«, oct 
 
26 
 
 dnrs, ash, Leech, pine, fatnarack, &o., &,o. The couotry is gonerally rolling and notBobi!ly 
 as, the township of Turcotte. ■ There are two farms on the front of this township shown oa 
 tlie plan — one belonging to the estate of Mr. H^': and the other to Mr. Baptiste. 
 
 " The front of the township of Turcotte, the lat and parts of the 2nd, 8rd and 4th 
 ranges, al<^o present some fine tracts of land, marked by the same suoeessive plateaux M 
 Polcttc, and growing the panic timber. The hill or bank proper hero, especially in the 4th 
 
 range 
 
 is higher than 
 
 in l\)lettc, in some placos precipituous and rocky, and rising seven 
 or eight hundred feet ; the direction of the valleys, however, being nearly north and south, 
 there is every facility for getting on to the higher lands, p number of good main lumber 
 roads being already made. 
 
 "There is a large farm at the mouth of the Rat River, on the 1st range, belonging to 
 Mr. Baptiste, on which he raises largj quantities of 'lay, oa's, potatoes, &c. The times of 
 sowing and reaping are the same as in the vicinity of liiree Rivers, while the soil is more 
 productive. 
 
 " The remainder ')f ranges 1, 2, 3 and 4 is generally hilly or mountainous, in some 
 places broken and rocky, but presents many fine valleys and valuable tracts of land. The 
 soil is generally a rich brown loam or black mould, growing large birches, maple, pine, fir, 
 Hpruco, aspen, cedar, beech, taniarack, and in some spots red oak and ironwood. Numerous 
 lumber roads intersect this tract, some of them requiring little or no labor to fit them for 
 waggon roads, nnd nil passing through the bcf<t valleys, so that, although these ranges are 
 more broken than the land on the west side of Rat River, settlers will have little difficulty 
 in makin<]. roads. 
 
 " Baiigo A which is laiii off into lots on Rat River, as far as the 24th lot, presents, to 
 this point, tlic same soil and charactc, as the Ibrmcr ranges, though not so broken. Above 
 this, as far as the fork of Cigoncique or (irande Fourche, the front of this range is bounded 
 b^ precipitous rocky hills, which rise in some places upwards of eight hundred feet, 
 leaving in some cases level tracts at their bases, along Rat River. The remainder of the lota 
 were laid out along the rear line of this range, or centre line, which will be the best locality 
 for a road to the interior of ilie township as far as lot 52. From lots 24 to 56 this range 
 presents a good deal of hilly and rocky country, although at least one half is fit for culti- 
 vation, the soil and timber being the same as in the former ranges; even the more hilly 
 parts growing very larj-o hardwood and mixed timber, always available for woodlands. 
 There are al.so tome fine level tracts growing timber of the largest size. From lots 56 to 
 the rear of the townsliip, this range, with the exception of the precipitous rocky front on 
 Rat River, presents very good lands, growing fine timber and having large level or rolling 
 tracts. 
 
 " Ranges B and C generally present very fine tracts of land, except in some places 
 near Rat River, where rocky and stony ranges occur. The soil is here also a rich 
 brown loam or black mouM, growing birches, maples, beech, firs, aspen, ash, cedar, 
 red oak, &c., &c. There arc several clearings along Rat River, some belonging to Mr. 
 Baptiste and others whicli were abandoned by lumbermen after they ceased making pine 
 timber in ♦he vicinity. 
 
 "The unsurvoycd part of this township was explored in seveval places, and presents 
 good tracts of land throughout, not so hilly as that near the St. Maurice or Rat River, 
 having the same or deeper soil, growing large timber, and showing extensive tracts of 
 nearly level or rolling laud ; the tamarack and black birch especially being of a very large 
 size and superior quality. 
 
 '•' All the mountain ranges in these two townships, and generally throughout the St. 
 Maurice territory, run nearly north and south, presenting valleys of erosion caused by the 
 great northern drift of the glacial period, lying in the same direction. On this account, I 
 would respectfully suggest to your department that future townships in this territory, 
 should be laid out with their side lines running east and west, that the range lines, and, 
 consequently the range roads, might lie north and south for the convenience of settlers; as 
 all the inhabitants of a range have, or should have, constant intercourse with each other. — 
 It would also bo advisable to adopt this course in subdividing the unsurveyed part of the 
 township oi Turootte, whenever that may become necessary. 
 
 " The resources of the St. IVIaurice Territory are great, A.» proseoti the only sottrct 
 of revenue is pine timhor, aud the quantity made would be very muob inoreiUiedi hftd tbf 
 j^tnherera grdttter laaiUtipii ^uv oarryiug oa their ftlvr»yii profiUblfi iMl' 
 
26 
 
 " The best method of developing the resources of the t«Mritory, is Jo build a good 
 waggon road from the settlement in rear of Three Rivers to Rat River; this road there to 
 branch off to the River Vermillion, to tho north west, ulonir the valley of Rat River, or its 
 immediate vicinity; and to the vicinity of ha Tuque, to the mirth. This should bo a colon- 
 isation road similar to those hy which your dopartnunt ';as opened up severiil other parts 
 of the country, and esptcially in Upper Can.ida. This ' )ad would be tho means of settling 
 the country on both sides of the 8t. Maurice, as '"^rries oould be established anywhere 
 below, and at many places above La Tuque. The settlers, bct^ides being in themselves of 
 known value to the country and its revenue, would bo of great service to the lumberers in 
 
 Sroviding them with fodder for their cattle which they now have to traiisport from Three 
 livers, and in root crops, such as potatoes, &c. Tho road would n'so be of inin.i itse value 
 to the lumbering interest, as the lumberers could us" it at all seasons of the year, whereas now 
 th'^y have but the St. Maurice, a summer and winter road alone— a sumnnfr road for cunoes 
 and scows, and a winter road for teams. In the fall, before the ice becomes strong enough 
 to bear teams, and in spring, when it is too porous and dangerous to do so. the lumberers 
 for several weeks have no means of transponing supplies to their fields of i peration. The 
 value of this road will be appreciated wlieu it is remeinbcn'd that himhering operatioi d 
 begin in the fall, about September ( r October, and that the timber gets to the Quebec 
 market in June, July or August only of the following year IMany lumberers cannot send 
 their supplies up the river till navigation is impeded by floating ice, and have to send up 
 their ' drivers' on the ice in spring, weeks before they are wanted or can do anything for 
 their high wages. Some lumberers on the iSt. Maurice now s-end up their supplies on the 
 river road in winter for the next winter's operations; thus not only vuniiing ihe risk of the 
 provisions deteriorating by being kept all summer, but paying a yeans interest on the largo 
 outlay required to furnish a lumber camp in rations and fodder. A road would remedy 
 this state of things, and be beneficial to the lumberman, the settlor, and the country at 
 large, as it would increa.se the revenue in a much greater ratio than the outlay required to 
 make it. 
 
 " If the St. Maurice country were settled, its resources would be — not only pine timber 
 — but tamarack and black birch, of which there are large quantities of a superior quality, 
 — would be made by the settlers; and when tho Piles Railway is biilt, this timber as well 
 M cedar and spruce, and even firewood will find its way to Three Rivers and Quebec. 
 
 '• Having, according to instructions, made a few general remarks on the physical geog- 
 raphy of the country, its resources and the best mode of developing them, I have only to 
 add that the colonization road I have mentioned could be made without any difHoulty, as 
 the country is very favorable for roads running north, the valleys, as before mentioned 
 lying in that direction. 
 
 " The road could also be made at a comparatively small cost, as there are only three 
 rivers of any size to bridge, namely, the Matawin, the Betepuante and Rat River. 
 
 " The branch road to the Vermillion could be of great use to the lumberers on that well 
 wooded river as it would enable them to send their supplies direct from Rat River in sum- 
 mer, instecd of using a great bend of the St. Maurice through the worst and most danger- 
 ous rapids of that river above La Tuque. It would also pass through a country well fitted 
 for settlement, and which would probably bo the first part of the Upper St. Alaurice, 
 turned into the permanent homes of civilized men." 
 
 ^ TOWNSHIP OF PONTEFRAOT. 
 
 <■■ ■ 
 
 The township of Pontefract lies in rear of the Township of Mansfield, in the county 
 of Poutiac, adjoining on the east the surveyed Township of lluddcrsfield, and of the 
 dimensions of nine miles in breadth, by the mean depth of fourteen miles. It is trs versed 
 in its whole extent by the River Coulonge and its tributary, the main stream discharging 
 into the Ottawa River at Fort Coulonge, in the Township of Mansfield. 
 
 The land in this township is much broken by hills and mountains, aud is intersected by 
 several large lakes, in the westerly part thereof esptcially. Hardwood seeirs to be the 
 prevailing feature of the country surveyed up the Coulogne. Th« soil is generaMy a rich 
 can, but most frequently stony. ' 
 
j7 
 
 ROLETTE AND PANET. 
 
 These atljoining townships are situate in tho County of Montmaf»ny ; the termer in 
 bounded on the north-wost by tho towuship of Moritniigny, which is travursed by the 
 Tach^^ Road, on tliu P^ast by township of Talon, on tho west by the County lino of lielle- 
 chasse. It contains 33,80U acres, and i.^ all laid off into farm lots; the latter township 
 extends north eas'twardly to tl.e Pro.'inco line, and is bounded on the north-east by the 
 said township of Talun, and un tho west by the townships of Bollechasse and Daaquam 
 and County lino of Bellcchasso, and contains i7,212 acri'S, whereof the southern part tra- 
 versed by tho Hiver Dnacjuam and tributary of tho River St. John, presenting some favor- 
 able lands for settlement; on both sides thereof, and a few ranges along tho south-east 
 limit of Rolette were laid oil' into lots, comprising 28,869 acro.x. '. 
 
 A passable road intersects these townships, called '• lo Chemia des Anglais," which 
 was opened by the Ikitish and American surveying parties engaged on the survey of th-j 
 boundary line, under the treaty of Washington, for tho express purpose of transporting by 
 it the provisions purchased in the old parishes on the St. Lawrence, and has been used 
 since for lumbering purposes, and might, with ceiiain improvements, be made available 
 for the use of the first settlers ol' those townships, until this section of the country bocomca 
 moie developed through settlement. • 
 
 The report of >ir. P, L. S. Tdtu conveys ii favorable idea of the general fitness of 
 the land for cultivation : — 
 
 The 1st and 2ijd rangfs of tho township of Rolette, 'jre more mountainous than any 
 other range I surveyed. The soil is uood, but a little hard to cultivate, particularly in 
 the south-wostern parts of tlicsu ranges. The laud to the south of the above lines has a 
 graduil fall, and with the exception of some slopes more or less steep, and all cultivable, 
 only two mountains are to be found, which cover the site of a few lots, and render them of 
 but little use for cultivation, they will not however be altogether valueless, on that ac^rount, 
 as they are clothed with rich fore&ts of maple, which before next spring, will be occupied 
 by settlers Irom the Township of Moutminy. The whole surface of this surveyed laud, 
 is intersected by rivers and st.eauis, by which it is watered in the most advantageous man- 
 ner. 
 
 The 3rd Range is composed of good yellow and grey mould, with a sub-soil of calcareous 
 clay. The nortii-wcstcrn [)art is altogether covered with maple woods, which have been 
 made use of by the English ut the time of the survey of the frontier line. .Leas maple is 
 found in tho South, but a larger amount of grey loam, and the surface is more level. 
 
 The 4th Range is in every rcspoct similar to the prececd'ng one, except that there is 
 a larger amount of m;iple, covering a soil well calculated for the growth of cereals. The 
 no:th-cast part of the 5th range is partly composed of yellow mould, and in this par- 
 ticular is inferior to the prcccetling ranges ; the south-west part is iroinethiug similar, only 
 that soft wood is the prevailing quality of limlior. Tiie north-east part ol' 6th range, al- 
 though interspersed with cedar and other swamps, is not the less fit for cultivation. These 
 swamps are mostly covered with a thin layer of vegetable detritus, over a sub-soil of 
 clayey earth very rich and easily drained. The same remark applies to all the kwamps in 
 these two Townships. With the exception of some rocky lots, the remainder is excellent, 
 though not offering tho same facilities for c llivation to settlers in poor circumstances, who 
 would prefer the lands where hard wood is to bo found. The rivers and streams which 
 intersect this part of the township have a more rapid current, running over beds of peb- 
 bles (quartz) and do not possess any falls available for industrial purposes. 
 
 The 7tn Range is composed of good land, yellow and grey loam covered partly by 
 hard and partly by soft wood. The Ist, 2nd, and 3rd ranges of the township of Panet, are 
 composed of good yellow soil, with clay uiderneath, and very few rooks on the surface, 
 and therefore well adaoted for cultivation^ to the louth of these two rangu , verj little 
 
maple or birch is to be found. The land being low there is a growth of cedar and spruce 
 CD it, it is mostly swampy. 
 
 'The4th, 5tn, and 6th, ranges of this township contain the richest soil found in the 
 whole survey, extending south as far as the frontier, and corwistiug of yellow and grey 
 mould with an argilo-calcarcous sub-soil. 
 
 The swamps covering all this part of the township would be easily drained, and if 
 subjected to the action of fire, the finest imaginable land would bo exposed for cultivation. 
 Finally these two townships are generally well adapted for cultivation, and will very 
 shortly be nearly all settled, in the spring settlers arc about to locate themselves on the 
 8rd range, in the township of Rolette, in the north cast part ; to reach this locality, there is 
 a road known as the " English Road" which conld be repaired at little cost; it crosses the 
 first four ranges of the township ; it was passable for carriages twenty years ago, and 
 might be made so again for a small sum. These townships could be traversed by a road which 
 should be made to pass near the lots No. 20, adjoining the central line of llolettc, which 
 would be very level through its whole length, having neither mountains nor rivers to cross, 
 and free from rocks, it would develope the resources of the County of Montmagny. 
 
 I have explored and traced out a road taking the above course for the transport of my 
 surveying apparatus, which passes through a very level country. With a few corrections 
 an excellent line might be made, which would give a new impulse to settlement in these 
 parts. 
 
 " What first strikes the observer in these townships is the good quality of the land, 
 which is everywhere so prevalent; vast plains extend beyond the limits of sight, interrupted 
 only by rocks here and there, serving as a relief to their immense extent. 
 
 " The River Daaquam, which traverses the Township Panet through its whole breadth, 
 waters the two most fertile of its ranges. On approaching the frontier, the land become!) 
 of middling quality, owing to the presence of swamps, which, though of no great extent, 
 are pretty numerous; still, when colonization sltall have reached this far in the country, 
 means will easily be found to drain them, and .Make them as prodmjtive as the best parts 
 of the township; for as the sub-soil of these swampn is composed of cluy, covered with a 
 thick coating of vegetable matter, it will not fail to become extremely fertile a-i soon as the 
 work of cropping has begun. The labor will bo very much facilitated by the streams 
 which flow in all directions and empty themselves some into the river Daaquam, o;hcrs to 
 the south of the frontier line. 
 
 " In general, the soil of these two townships is mixed with sand and gravel, thbugh 
 much clayey land is to be found, and fit for cultivation : Yellow mould also exists, also 
 grey and black loam, but in smaller quantities, although of good quality, and all well 
 adapted for cultivation. 
 
 "The timber is generally as fine as may be expected to be found on land of 
 such fertility, and which requires but a little labor to make it cultivable, for the timber is 
 in general rat.her scarce. The prevailing kinds are maple, balsam, pine, cedar, and birch, 
 all of excellent quality. 
 
 "I am firmly convinced that n=- soon as the sub-division of this township is terminate,!, 
 settlers will be found to go into it iu great numbers. There is already a good shanty roid 
 leading to it: it is commonly known by the name of the Englishman's Road ; it is quite go jd 
 «nough for the cartage of provisions during the summer. It traverses a part of Rolette and 
 cuts the province line a little to the east of the north-east line of the Township of Panet. 
 They made use of it during the time that the shanty season lasted ; but since the lumber 
 business ceased in these parts, the road has been but little travelled, and latterly has been 
 altogether disused. A very small outlay would put it in good condition. It would only 
 require to raise the trees which have fallen upon it, and to straigliton it a little, thouirh, in 
 general it is straight enough. Very little rjioney would make it ono of the finest coioniza- 
 tioQ roads, and one of the most travelled. <'his part of the county is much like the land of 
 the townships on the west and east, and a., least as good. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF ST. GERMAINS. 
 The Township of St. Germains in the County of Chicoutimi, is situate on the north shore 
 of tbe Birer Saguenay, and is bounded in rear on the north and cast by the waste lands 
 
29 
 
 of the Crown ; towards the west by the towDship of Harvey. About three ranges back 
 from the steep and rugged escarpment of the rivev, have been subdividod into lots ; and 
 also the arable spots at the mouth of the Bmall streams discharging into the Sngucnay, 
 presenting some <ivailable ground for settlement. The rear part of this township is 
 traversed by the river Marguerite, but no subdivision of lots was made of the land on its 
 banks as bearing generally a hilly and rugged character. Mr. P. L. S. Gagnon who sur- 
 veyed this township, reports as follows : — 
 
 " The soil from lot No. 1 to 19, inclusively to the south of iho river St Margaret, is 
 well adapted for cultivation, being a flat yellow mould, covered with hard and soft wood, 
 and from 19 to 55 to the north of the river, as far as the foot of the mountain, the distance 
 varying from 20 to 30 chains in depth the land is also good. 
 
 "in the ranges to the south of the base lino from range D to the Sagucnay the land is 
 good with the exception of a distance of some chains along the bank of the Saguenay, and 
 part of range A where it is rather rocky. All the lakes I met in the course of my opera- 
 tions are well stocked with fish, principally trout and eels. 
 
 " There are some good harbors along the Sagnenny coast, in front of this townahip, 
 the best of which is tho * Anse a Xavicr' in front of the village Ileservo. There are fur- 
 ther, some excellent mill sites on all the rivers intersecting the township. There is no 
 obstacle to the opening out of roads across the township, especially^^ through the surveyed 
 land, and the unsurveyed land between the third range and the river St. Margaret; that 
 part which lies near East Cape, and that of Red llivcr. The survey of these two last 
 tracts is prayed for by a large number of settlers who have already commenced their 
 labours. 
 
 " It is very necessary also that the Sagucnay front of this township should be laid out, 
 so as to establish the amount of land in possession of squatters. I would call the attention 
 of the Government to the land between the River .St. Lawrence and the Saguenay lo the 
 east of the township of St. Gcrmains ; having had occasion to e.'iplorc this township before 
 the survey, I do not hesitate to say that the soil and climate are as good as or superior to 
 those of any of the surveyed townships of the Saguenay." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF SPAULDING. 
 
 This township lies on the easterly bank of tho river Chaudiere, at its outlet from lake 
 Megantic, extending in depth, towards the cast, to the Province line, and bounded on one 
 side, towards the north, by the Townships of Marlow and Risborough, and on the other side, 
 towards the South, by the Township of Ditchfield. The first six ranges of Spaulding which 
 were laid outinto farm lots, present with the surveyed six langos in Ditchfield, about 70,000 
 acres of highly favorable lands for actual settlement, — the much larger proportion of which 
 is composed of land well adapted for cultivation, — the soil being in general a rich loam 
 and the surface moderately undulating, hardwood timber lands. 
 
 The colonization of this township and of the adjoining townships will be materially 
 assisted by the Government road, recommended by Mr. Duchesnay, now in progress of 
 being opened from its junction with the LambtonRoad, through the Townships of Aylmer 
 and Gayhurst, intersecting the Chaudiere at this townshipj but this desirable object would 
 be considerably promoted were a good road opened on tho right bank of the River Chau- 
 diere, from the Township of Jersey, in front of the Townships of Marlow, Risborough, 
 Spaulding and DitchficM, to meet the colonization road projected from the interior ii^ 
 Lingwich to the Arnold River, in the Township of Woburn, recently traced and marke^ 
 under iqstructioos ftom thi« pJ9|oe, mi yfhiifB it W9ul4 meet the propoi^^ Ui)e Qf foa*^ 
 
9X> 
 
 traced from the Province line, at the terminus of a road proposed to be opened by the 
 American authorities, in the State of New Hampshire, to connect with the Portland and 
 St. Lawrence line of railway, towards the south, with Quebec by the Mcj^antic Government 
 Road, — and with Sherbrookc and Montreal by the western and eastern township roads. 
 Mr. P. L. S. Duchesnay, who surveyed the Township of Spaulding, reports as follows: — 
 "The land throughout the Township of Spaulding is for the most part of good quality 
 of loam, though rather stony in places, yet on the whole, very well adai)ted to agricultural 
 purposes, and may bo classed as first-rate farming land. The timber is also of superior 
 quality and of average growth, generally mixed,— the principal kinds being birch, maple, 
 spruce, cedar, balsam and some pine. 
 
 and afford! 
 
 Nebnellis a..v. ^^v...^ ,. ^ ~j y . Y 
 
 rapid stream, at low water oeing not more than two feet in depth, and of an average width 
 of about two chains, although at spring floods it rises to considerable size. 
 
 " The banks are in many places rather uneven, while in others good flats of arable land 
 extend to the water's edge. 
 
 "I would take the opportunity here of remarking with regard to thesettlement of this 
 land, that the construction of a road from Aylmer, through Gayhurst, to the Biver Chau- 
 diire, in the vicinity of the discharge of Lake Drolet, would be of material service, and is 
 asked for by the settlers in that neighborhood, who arc even now in the act of petitioning 
 for the road. 
 
 " There is at present a rough timber road following the course of the river Ghaudi^re, 
 which crosses from Gayhurst into Spaulding about lot 27, and thence continues along the 
 river course as far as Lake Megantic." 
 
 THE TOWNSHIPS OF TEMPLETON, WAKEFIELD AND PORTLAND 
 
 In the Connty of Ottawa lie between the fxatineau and the aux Lievrcs rivers. On a 
 verification of their outlines P. L. Surveyor George F. Austin, reports : — 
 
 '* The line A. B. passes over a very rouj^li tract of land, with hardly a chuiu of level 
 land excepting near the point A. The soil is of a good deep hazel loam, in the high 
 land, and of a clay in the low flat land. The timber is chiefly beech, maple, birch, and 
 hemlock with a mixture of white spruce, balsam, cedar, &c. It is very precipitous and 
 rocky, in fact the appearance of the country is broken, rugged, and stony, and almost un- 
 fit for cultivation. 
 
 " The land along the lineB. C. is much superior, there being more land fit for cultiva- 
 tion which has been settled within the last two or three years. It is nevertheless very rocky 
 and barren on the high lands. On the line C. D. E. there is quite a fair tract of land favo- 
 able for cultivation, a good deal of which is under cultivation . 
 
 " The predominating vock is gneiss. I met with but one water power which is on lot 
 28 in the 13th range of Templetcn, where a fall of 30 feet could be obtained, and a constant 
 flow of very clear water. 
 
 " The lake I crossed on line A. B. is very deep, and its waters are very clear and 
 cold; the banks are very steep and rocky. It contains trout, chubb, and perch. 
 
 "Lake Wakefield is amagnificentsheet of clear deep water, surrounded with a tract of 
 undulating land. Its banks are not so precipitous as the lake before described, but slope 
 gradually to the water. 
 
 " I would also briefly remark that I met with no posts excepting those marked on the 
 B. C. line, and on the south outline of Portland line, of which note has since been taken 
 in the field notes. 
 
 " The country about the vicinity of Lake Wakefield is being rapidly settled chiefly 
 by French Canadians, and promises to be a rich agricultural country : vising the Y^^^^y 
 for graia Aod the uplands f^]* gheep pasture. There appears to be a ijice tract yet undivided 
 
 *•■' ''•'■■ t -" ^ 
 
81 
 
 marked as " Oore" ou my plan having a depth of one hundred and twenty-one chains and 
 thirty-six links from C to D, and ranning eastward to the western line of Buckingham.' 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF TALON. 
 
 The township of Tfilon situate in the County of Montmagny is bounded on the south 
 east by the Province line under the Ashburton treaty, on the north west by the Township 
 of Patton, towards the south west by the townships of Rolette and Panet, and towards the 
 north east by the projected township of Levcrrier. It lies chiefly on the table land at 
 the head waters of the north west branch of the River St. Jean, and contains 59,500 acres 
 of land, whereof 30,201 acres have been laid out into farm lota of 100 acres. 
 
 Mr. P. L. Surveyor l>6langer who surveyed this Township, reports as .'"ollows : — 
 
 " All the surveyed part of the township of Talon does not consist of land favourable 
 to cultivation, still we may estimate at about 50 per cent the amount of superior land, 
 covered with hard wood, cedar ami alders. With regard to the remainder, which is in- 
 ferior in quality, about half may bo considered cultivable and the rest rocky, and covered 
 with hard wood, spruce, and some pine. There arc several spots that are marshy. With 
 the exception of some steep mountains in the ueighbourhood of the centre line, and a few 
 hills here and there the land is generally level, or slightly undulating, over extensive tracts 
 presenting some good lots, well adapted for cultivation. 
 
 " With regard to the best method of developing the resources of this locality and 
 opening these lands for settlement, I would recommend that the Anso a Gillcs road should 
 as soon as possible be prolonged and run across this township. 
 
 " I have indicated by a yellow line on my plan, the best looality for the above toad, 
 leading through the most level country and where the best land is found. In the unsur- 
 veyed parts of this township there is a tract of about three or four miles in depth, and 
 nearly of the breadth of the township, where the land is pretty level and excellent in 
 quality, covered with fine hard wood, such as maple, birch, &o. ; the rear line of the sixth 
 range passes along the northern limit of this hard wood. 
 
 " I have transmitted to Sir William specimens of iron ore, which I fonud in large 
 quantities on a mountain in lots 11, 12 and 13 in the sixth range." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OP TOURELLE. 
 
 This township, situate in the County of Gasp£, adjoins on the south-west at the St. 
 Lawrence, the Seigniory of Ste. Anne des Monts, and back of this seigniory, the Township 
 of Cap Chatte, to its depth, and on the north-east by the waste and unsurvcyed public 
 lands — excepting, however, the front range recently laid out into farm lots, on the St. 
 Lawrence, and along the line of road traced from Ste. Anne des Monts, eastward, through 
 the projected Townships of Christie and Duchesnay,to Pox River, by Mr. P.L.S. Baillargd, 
 under the instructions from the Department of Public Works, and of this Department. 
 
 The four first ranges of the Township of Tourelle were laid out into farm lots; the 
 greater proportion of the first range thereof being already settled and ocupied, partly by 
 squatters, and partly by persons representing the owners of adjudicated claims under the 
 Qtaapi Relief Act, (59 Geo. 3) ; whilst the remaining surveyed ranges, although jooasion- 
 ally of a mountainous and broken surface throughout contain some very favorable lands 
 fbr settlement, which will be rapidly taken up, so soon as the Gulf Line of road shall have 
 bMi ooostruoted, as the ample report of Mr. P. L. S. Roy renders manifest : — 
 
82 
 
 "All the land in the lirnt rftn<,'n of the Hei^niory of St. Anne, and in blocks A. and B. 
 is under cultivation to tho inoiin depth of iihout sixty chains. In addition to the groat 
 River St. Aiuic, thuro ftio two iuiportiuit water poworH in this tract, tho littlo llivor St. 
 Anue, and the ' Patutu' struani. On tho little Uiver Kt. Anno, about lO chains from the 
 St. Lawrence, aro two splendid mills, tho property of T. B. Sussovillo; one a flour, tho 
 other a saw mill. The .saw, particularly, i.s of superior construction. 
 
 "Tho Little river Sc. AnHO was us?d, fir a long period for lumbering purposes, a 
 considerable quantity of deals having been made on its banks ; but for the last four or five 
 years very little wood has been made up in this locality, and this branch of industry has 
 been nearly quite abanduncd. Om tho River I'atatc aro still scon tho romains of an old 
 sawl, and a flour mil. These establishments, tho property of Jean Le Boutillier, Esq., ore 
 now all in ruins" 
 
 Mr. Key, in speaking of tho Township of TouroUo, says: — 
 
 "The name uf this townsiiip, which is also that of the locality before a survey was 
 made, is, owing to the existence of two rocks, situate on the shore at a distance of about 
 three miles from one another: the first of these rooks, which is also the largest, is shown 
 on the plan of the township as point la Tourolle ; it is of quadrangular form with a bas3 of 
 about twenty feet diameter and riding to a height of forty or fifty feet; this rock is per- 
 fectly isolated on a rough beauh, and sometimes at very high tides the water passes several 
 feet beyond it. 
 
 "Tiie other of these blocks called the little TourcUe, lies to the north-east of the first, 
 is of triangular shape, narrowing at a height of thirty feet and forms part of the cliff on 
 the borders of the river, having the appearance of a chimney standing tilone after the de- 
 struction of a building by fire. 
 
 " The shore opposite the Township of Tourello is generally rockv ; here and there 
 small sandy bays are found which afi'ord a safe harbour for barges at high tide. Iif tho 
 course of last Bumuicr several of these bays were occupied by fisher-men Lom St. Anne and 
 Cap Chat, who established themselves there for the purpose of fishing for mackerel, which 
 these shores arc celebrated for. 
 
 " In the eastern part of the township is the little Kiver Castor, with a good water 
 power; it reaches the St. Lawrence by a fall of about 20 feet; the banks of this stream are 
 very high and difficult of access on the first four ranges of the township, but beyond this 
 they gradually disappear. 
 
 " The land in the south west part of this township, from the central line to the north 
 east line of the Township Cap Chat, is well adapted fur colonization. The soil is a yellow 
 mould very favorable to cultivation. 
 
 " There are but few o'" these rivers whose formation oficrs any obstacle to communi- 
 cation or to cultivation ; moreover there is at present a road along the River St. Anne, 
 which extends three or four leagues into the country, but it is unavailable in winter, 
 though a very little outlay would make it pasf^able in summer. A similar road runs along 
 the River Patate, but does not go more than four miles back, about half of it is however 
 passable at all seasons. I would here draw the particular attention of cultivators to ■the 
 few lots that are still vacant along the llivor Patate, and also in that part of the township 
 from that stream to the central line of the township. Several lots in the 2nd and 3rd 
 ranges are in course of being cultivated for the goodness of tho soil, the facility of commu- 
 nication and the proximity of tho Village of St. Anne, having all the advantages of a 
 church, post-office, registry office, &c., &c., are such solid advantages and so rarely met 
 with in a new township that a passing notice of them will be sufficient to show all their 
 importance. 
 
 "The north-east part of the township, extending from the centre line to the easterly 
 lateral line, presents to the eye a different aspect; if we consider the height of the cliffs and 
 judging of the interior by tho difficulties encountered near the sea coast, we must be led to 
 suppose that this locality is destined to remain long in a state of nature. It is true that 
 on the lots of the first range, to the depth of 20 or 30 chains, the land could only be made 
 available for persons who intend to devote themselves exclusively to fishing, but when this 
 distance is passed, the country changes its appearance and all obstacles dis^appear. Here 
 and there, it is true, inequalities of the surface, caused by tho course of streams, and high 
 clifls are met with, but do cliffs or hills such as are seen in the first range. I must, how- 
 
88 
 
 eTor, make an ozoeptioD oh regards the hollow formed by the Oostor stream ; which at the 
 St. Lawronoe as wuli us in tho interior, to about the middle of the 5th runv;c^ presents 
 obstacles which, in my opinion, would not bu suiniounted v/ithout great difficulty. Coloni- 
 zation would progress but slowly if the puoplo wore loft to their own resources, but tho road 
 which the government is about constructing from St. Anno to Fox River, will not full to 
 prove so encouraging that before long wo uhiiU see there us in many other places along the 
 coast of Guspd, an uninterrupted gucecsHion of good settlunionts. 
 
 "I did not find in the interior of tho Township of Tourello a continuance of level land, 
 such as exists in tho interior of tho Town.^ships of Cherbourg and Dalibaire which I traversed 
 in 1850: but this land, though not so ciisy of access nor so capable of cultivation, docs not 
 appear to me to bo less valuable towards the middlcof the township. At a distance of about? 
 miles from tho St. Lawrence, there is u lake, which I have judged to be about fifty acres 
 in Buperfices. These data are only approximate, as I saw tho lake only at a distance of 
 six miles. I was then measuring tlio depth of the side line. In tho middle of the lake 
 there is a small island. A hunter whom I have met since, tells me that this lake is called 
 tho Island Lake, and that ho had caught u great deal of trout there. In tracing the back 
 outline of tho township, I noted besides several streams, tho intersection of two 
 rivers; the smallest of these which is i:i the middle of tho third mile, measures 85 links in 
 brr^adth, and runs through level land from north to south, measuring one chain and five 
 links in breadth ; tho other river is found at the beginning of the seventh mile, and is said 
 to be a branch of the great River St. Anne ; its course is from west to east, and makes its 
 way through tho Chiokchack Mountains. At about a mile to the north of tho rear line, 
 this river appears to run through level land, after which tho hills through which it runs 
 rise successively in an easterly direction ; at the point of its intersection with the rear line 
 they attain a height of about 1500 feet. 
 
 " The predominant kinds of timber are the pine, white birch, birch, spruce and cedar; 
 there is only a small quantity of maple. The only maple wood worth mentioning, is in the 
 neighborhood of the base line on the north-cast side of tho little Patate. We there found 
 three or four huta for sugar making in the spring. The cedar bushes are not numerous, 
 but the cedars are of good size and of superior quality. Tho most extensive of these cedar 
 woods follow tho course of the River St. Anne and the Stream Patate. We found a great 
 quantity of pine stumps in this part of the township extending from the Patate to the River 
 St. Anne, but I cannot recollect having seen one of these trees standing. 
 
 << The soil is mostly yellow loam and sandy mould ; alone the course of the littlo 
 River St. Anne clayey land is found, as well as yellow loam, but pot to any extent ; wherever 
 similar soil is met with, in other parts of the townships, it is of so small an extent as not 
 to be worth mentioning. 
 
 "In continuation, I may add that of all the townships destined for colonization, few 
 arc more worthy of attention than the Township of Tourelle. This township has certainly 
 the disadvantage of being difficult to cultivate, owing to the steepness of the cliffs and tho 
 depth of the water courses, but f;on:rally the soil will be found fertile. 
 
 " In addition to this, tho colonists will find great resources in an inexhaustible supply of 
 fish of all kinds, with easy communications for the conveyance and exchange of their pro- 
 duce. St. Anne, in the first place, owing to the excellent establishment kept up there by 
 Jean Le Boutillier, Esq., affords a good market; again, the basin of the great River 
 St. Anne, which is a safe port, is frequented during the whole season, by schooners plying 
 between Quebec and Gasft6. It may be useful to add that the Township of Tourelle forms 
 
 {)art of the free port of Gaspd, and with the Township Cap-Chat, forms its south-western 
 imit." 
 
 TOWNSHIP OF WATFORD. 
 
 The portion of the Township of Watford subdivided into farm lots by Mr. P. L. S. 
 Ross lies back of the old surveyed ranges on the River Lafamine, in the County of Dor 
 Chester, which is described in the following extracts of his report :<— '< This part of the 
 
84 
 
 Township of Watford which I have aurvoyod ii in general level with gentle swelU and free 
 firom rooki, I met with only one ridge of rock in the whole ourvoy, and that one is not 
 high, it is upon lot No. 20 in the 7th range. There nro a nurabcr of sugarics in this town 
 ship which aro all occupied, they are upon gentle bwcIIh, being Huperiur land with a soil 
 of rich brown loam. There has been at nome time great fires through this towoHhip which 
 have run over all of the niizod wood land (which is of a nandy loam and in general free from 
 stones), and destroyed all the valuable timber, the young growth at present upon it, being 
 mostly sapin, spruce, larch and bouleuu ; this will retard the nettloment of thoHO lands fur 
 some time, in consequence of t1ic want of building timber and firewood. 
 
 There are several very fine streams running through this township ; they ire in 
 general very flat. I saw only one place fit fur a mill site ; it is a fall upon the river Yeillcuz 
 about 10 feet high, situated upon lot No. 22, in 7th Range. There is a number of flats 
 along the difi'ercnt rivers of very rich alluvial soil, overgrown with alders, and in places a 
 rank strong coarse grass which will make very fine meadow land, when brought into 
 cultivation. 
 
 There is a very little merchantable timber cpon what I have surveyed : ns the 
 reater portion of the timber lands has been over-run by the fire and destroyed : of the 
 remainder ft small portion hu been lumbered upon, and all the valuable timber taken 
 away. 
 
 Exploration of a line of Road from St. Gabriel to lionnonl. 
 
 Thia exploration obtained for this Department sumo highly valuable topographical 
 knowledge of the country traversed by the surveyor from River an Pin in the seigniory of 
 St. Gabriel, through part of the seigniory of Fo-ssambault, at its northerly corner, thence 
 through the Township of Gosford to the intersection of the colonization road at " Roche 
 Plate" on the north branch of the River St. Ann. 
 
 Part of the general line so explored has been since adopted from St. Gabriel line to 
 the middle of the third range of the Township of Gosford, thence following a valley be- 
 tween the mountains along the 3rd and 4th ranges, south-westerly to the opened public 
 road leading to St. Raymond. 
 
 The exploration performed by Mr. P. L. Surveyor JohnNeilson is reported as follows : 
 
 " Entering the woods in rear of the first range north-west of River au Pin, I exam- 
 ined the only three passes over a mountain range, extending south westund north-east, im- 
 mediately in rear of the concession above named, the first of those passes at, and two others 
 a short distance east from the grand line dividing the seigniory of St. Gabriel from Fos- 
 sambault. Thence north-west, keeping the St. Gabriel side of the line to about the mid- 
 dle of the first range, Gosford. Thence in a south-west course, keeping as near as poMiblc 
 the middle of the range to lot twenty or nineteen. Thence north-west to the north-east 
 branch of the River St. Anns, intersecting the colonization road now made on the south- 
 east bank of that stream, on the line between number seventeen and eighteen in the fourth 
 range, Gosford. Thence crossing the St. Ann's on lot No. 22, I explored in a general 
 north-west course to the north branch of the St. Ann's in the Township of Rocmont, inter- 
 secting the colonization road made on the south-east side of this branch at a place called 
 "Roche Platte" in the settlement known as the "Petit Saguenay," the point of iotersec- 
 tioa being at a distance of two miles from the termination of the said road, at th3 forks in 
 the Indian reserve, Rocmont. 
 
86 
 
 I free 
 
 not 
 
 |own 
 
 soil 
 
 Ihioh 
 
 rroDi 
 
 joing 
 
 la for 
 
 jo in 
 
 llcuz 
 
 IflatH 
 scs a 
 into 
 
 " Prom the UopIio Pliitto and from tho forks incurnions were made by Mr. Crawford 
 and myHolf in a north-east direction, pra<iuallv oloninn in north-wcut and nouth-tiant, with a 
 view of aHOcrtnininf? the praeticnhility of pnthinR tho traco to the forli an directed in my 
 in«truotioiiH. This was however found inipractioable owing to tho river range (which at 
 tho pliico mentioned has an elevation of eight hundred or a thouMand feoL) extending ill 
 broken npurs ho far back as to require a circuit of from six to seven miles to reach the 
 " forks," wliieh by adopting tiio colonization road is but distant two miles from the point 
 of intcrHcctiitii uliovo referred ti». 
 
 "Tho rcHultof my exploration from tho first range, north west River an Pin, to the 
 northcuHt branch of tho St. Ann's as described above, having proved that a road lino as de- 
 aired by tho Department running along tho first rango, Gosfnrd, and theuoo following the 
 lateral lines between lots nineteen and twenty to tho bank of tho St Ann's, could not bo 
 m vde without great expense to Oovornmont, I reported tho fact to your Department prior 
 to leaving for tho exploration off'olbert. 
 
 " On my return from that Township I had tho honor of receiving supplemontary in- 
 structions, dated 15th November, in answer to my report of progress directing me to make 
 a rapid exploration of tho line suggested by mo in before-mentioned rt- ^'t, without chain- 
 ing or taking acourato angles ; this I immediately proceeded to do. 
 
 Taking departure from a post planted on tho north east sido of tho colonisation road 
 at a point two miles from the end of said road (estimated distance) I commenced to re- 
 trace my stops towards the north east branch of tho Kt. Ann's and Ilivor au Pin sottle- 
 ments, taking hand enmpass courses, and estimating distances. In the first mile the 
 " Pass of St. Ann's" is surmounted, tho road traco ascends pretty abruptly for tho first 
 half mile, when tl.e summit of the mountain is attained, by passing through a notch in a 
 spur of tho great river range. The ascent may be rendered easy by a series of lig rags. 
 The soil is good, tolerably free from btones, and tho timber principally large hard wood, 
 (immenso sugaries). 
 
 " The pass or notch is level for about ton chains, having an average width of about 
 ton chains; the descent on tho south sido of the Pass to the high table land beyond, is 
 short, but abrupt, and will require side cutting to some extent, say six or seven chains ; 
 when a bay is reached, from which the traco takes a north cost direction, following a val- 
 ley flanked on the north west by the mountain spur just passed, and on the south east by 
 a low hill extending south west its north cast end dipping into a small lake, when the line 
 gradually turns to tho south west in tho conimencemout of tho third mile. This valley 
 which extends a long way north east ofiers every facility for road making and settlement. 
 The soil is rich, deep and comparatively free from stones ; the timber mixed and of a 
 large size ; tho rear lino of tho township of Gosford skirts its north west, my trace inter- 
 secting lot No. 22. 
 
 " From tho lake the trace follows a southerly course in an extensive valley divided 
 from the last described by the low hill (spur of the St. Ann's range) till it turns tho south 
 west end of a chain of low hard wood hills ("spur of tho Talayarle), reaohing lake " Little 
 Harry", the head water of Gre^n River in tlie fourth mile. Passing tho east of the lake 
 and keeping well the south west cide of tho Talayarle range, the road trace assumes a gener- 
 al south east course, down the valley of tho Green River till the seventh mile is attained. 
 
 Throughout this distance the land is undulating ; (from Lake Little Harry) the soil 
 is of first quality and the timber chiefly hard wood, maple predominating. 
 
 " In tho eighth mile the trace again turns north east, winding round the south end 
 of a very large hill (skirting a beautiful and extensive valley which stretches away to the 
 south west towards the settlement of the lower part of tho north branch of the St. Ann's) 
 extending north to the " Talayarle," into which stream it suddenly dips, forming a wild 
 chasm of about two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet, following the east side of this 
 hill, the land descends gradually into " Talayurlo" which is intersected at about three 
 quarters of a mile from its junction with the north east branch of the St. Ann's; the stream 
 is here from forty to fifty links wide, and although its immediate banks are low, its rapid 
 current renders bridging at any point safe from spring floods. 
 
 " On the cast side of the " Talayarle" a steep clay bank occurs of no considerable height 
 and from thence crossing diagonally lots numbers twenty-one and twenty-two, upon which 
 last lot the trace intersects the north-east branch of the St. Ann's, No diffioalt^ offers to 
 nuking an excellent road, 
 
86 
 
 " Plnntin)< a pnnt on Iho bnnk of iho Mt. Ann'M nti lot twenty-two whcro tho Btream ii 
 not ov^r twenty yards widn, tlin bnnkfi on lioth sidcx (ifffrinx cvory ndvantn^o for hridginfr 
 I 
 
 ov^r 
 crot<MC( 
 
 I tho river, andoiiturin^ n wido viillcy, wending' nortli-wcHt nnd HOuth-coi;t, through 
 tho r«niuining four ranp'H of (i(mf<>i-d. I ciiiititiucd Iho traco adopting generally tho Que> 
 boo nnd Sugnenay II. 11. track to tho head of Lao it li'lulf Hivcr. 
 
 " From tho St. Aoo'h to (inind Ijao, ii dir<tanco of iihout oiio and a (junrtnr 'mile, the 
 country nscondH very gently, the mirfaen i.M even with medium miz-cJ mixed timber, fioilrioh 
 but rather Rtony. 
 
 " A remnrkahio rock ridgo traverses tho upper or norlIi-wc«it end <d' tho Inko. This 
 ridge can however ho entirely avoided by dt fleeting sli;;htly to tho west ; tho trnco contin- 
 uofl along the Houth Hide of the Lake to itH outlet, over an even Hiirface, and then ogain, 
 adopting the II. II. track to the firHt f|iiarter id" tlio thirteenth milo (fuKt range) when tho 
 trace takes an easterly courHo diagonally across number twenty-two, traverHing ii mixed al- 
 der and tamarne swamp, watered by the discharge of (i. Lac, and reachcH tho pond. 
 
 "The discharge of <r. J^ao is in itself in(V)nsiderabIe, but at the point whore my traco 
 oroHieH it, the land Ih low. 1 would advise crossing it somewhat higher up whore a little 
 Rite for bridging can be obtained. 
 
 Fntm the J'oiid tho trace crosses the discharge of Upper Lac a li'lsloand goes down 
 tho north side of tho Lac u L'lsla river to lower Lac a L'Isle, a diHtanco of about twenty 
 chainu through small second growth. Some logging nnd tilling will bo required ia this 
 section but not to such an extent as to materially increa.se expenses. 
 
 " At Lower Lnc u LTslc tho II. R. lino is again adopted to tho bend of tho river a 
 L'Isle, the lino leaving the Township of (iosford and entering Fossainbault from lot num- 
 ber twenty-four or twenty-five. 
 
 " From tho bend tho east courHO is continued, cutting the north course of the seig- 
 niory of FoHsambault, nnd intersects the line between St. CJabriel nnd Fossainbault at about 
 tho middle of lot number one, first concession north-west, River au Pin. There I plauted 
 a post by tho side of road leading from the settlement known as Russia Buck to St. Oa- 
 bricl west-ferry, distant about eight miles. This rond is in n very good condition till it 
 crosses river au Pin, from that point to McPhcrson's Tavern, a distance of about two miles, 
 the road is scarcely fit for traffic when it communicates with tho road made by Mr. Craw- 
 ford during the seasons of 1859 and 1800 by Legislative appropriations, tho Municipal 
 Council having issued aproces verbal, changing the road to a better locality ; tho aforemen- 
 tioned two miles will bo a great improvement to the road for a distance of about three 
 miles. A small amount of money judiciously applied would render it so fur good as to 
 bear a favourable comparison with other roads throughout tho vicinity. 
 
 "I also examined the road leading from McGuirc's Ferry to Clair's Mill. This I 
 found an excellent road, the nature of the ground favoring its condition. There is, how- 
 ever, no road connecting between Clair's Mill and the settlement of Iliver au Piu, (Craw- 
 ford's a distance of one mile,) or from Ci.y^^ford's northwest to the road loading from Rus- 
 sia Buck. Tho locality offers no obstn')' \ hatevcr to making an excellent road so as to 
 connect these two settlements in n mor- direct manner with tho traco of the St. Gabriel 
 and Rocmont road. 
 
 "It is a great pity that the nature of the country between River au Pin and St. Ann's 
 does not admit making tho road in tho position laid down on the sketch attached to my 
 instructions. 
 
 " Prior to making tho present exploration I had some hopes of being able to accompH^^h 
 in this respect the desire of tho Department, but a strict cxamiuation of the locality has 
 convinced mo, beyond a doubt, that a road could not be made in conformity with the trace 
 in question (through ungrantcd lands) without incurring an expense much over tho ordinary 
 cost of colonization roads. 
 
 "To meet the views of the Department by nas.sing the road on ungrantcd lands, three 
 high ranges of hills would unavoidably have to be crossed ; tho first immediately in rear of 
 the first range northwest of River au Pin, the second taking its rise on tho southwest side 
 of Grand Lac and dipping into Lacs au Chien and Sept Isles, and lastly, the chain border- 
 ing the St. Ann's. 
 
 " On the other hand, the valley of Grand Lac following lot number twenty-two affords 
 a perfectly level tragk, ipore direct and free from any physical difficulty worthy of oopiidi 
 ^rfttioo. 
 
"Tho tnouDtaia ranges southoati. of tho St. Ann'H extend northcut and •outhwcH, 
 parallel to the ooncosHion linen, nu that no nbntaclo will be found in making ft-ont roada to 
 connect with tho main trunk (my tiaco). Whenever thin in made, intending Hettlcrn will 
 have eawv aoocM to tho ungrantod landn in tho flrni, Hccond, and third ranges, ai well aa to 
 an ezoollcnt tract (already known to tho Department) of laud in tho fourth and fifth oou- 
 oessions of Ht. Oobriel. 
 
 "Northwest of tho St. Aun's (northeant branch) tho valley of tho Ureen river and the 
 environs of I<ake Littlo Harry offer laud of a quality such as to induce settlors as soon as * 
 road will bo made. 
 
 <'To the n*rth of Lako Littlo Harry a wide valley of apparently good coloniiation 
 land opens out. A view had from tho mountaiux of tho Petit Sagucnay load mo to believa 
 that this valley, aftcc making a circuit fur to tho .lorthoast, opens on tho St. Ann's soma 
 distance above the fori^ti. 
 
 "In 1854, Honry Crawford, Esq., J. P., made an oxcurHion in a northerly direction, 
 between tho main branches of tho St. Ann's, and reports having walked five days throuirh 
 a country uuitablo for colonization ; encamped tho fiilth night on what ho supposed to bo tna 
 head waterM of tho Mctabctuhouan 
 
 "An immense tract of good land, sinco several years, has been reported to mo by Indiani 
 and other hunters as lying in tho vicinity of Grand Lac HatiHcan. Tho country is des- 
 cribed OS being entirely covered with an imnionHO growth of hardwood, tho mountains low, 
 asoondiu.; gently, and entirely free from 8tono; elm and aah urn frequent, but birch pre* 
 dominates; but littlo 8uow fulls, seldom attaining a depth of two feet; tho climato is iaon« 
 tical with that of Lake St. John's. A straight line from the forks of St. Ann's (north 
 branch) to La Tuque, on tho St. Maurice, would pass this reported good land; a pro- 
 longotion of tho St. Gabriel and Rocmout road to tho last named place would secure the 
 double advantage of opening u large field for colonization, as well as connecting Quebec 
 directly with the immenHc lumbering districts of tho St. Maurice. 
 
 "Sinco my return, I hear from reliable sources that several parties now settled on the 
 north branch have actually commenced operations to clear land in the vicinity of Lake Lit- 
 tle Harry, and at other points adjacent to tho truce. I have also received a letter Arom a 
 resident of St. Raymond, requesting nio to intcrcedo with tho Department to procure for 
 himself and others permits to se^Mo in the vicinity of Lako Batiscan, thus indicating a 
 strong desire to face tho wilderness even without the convenience of a road. 
 
 " In addition to the advantages which this lino of road will bear with it, in opening 
 an extensive field for colonization, it will likewise facilitate tho communication with the 
 existing settlements on both branches of tho St. Ann's, by reducing tho distance to Quebec 
 twenty-one miles shorter than the present route by St. Raymond. 
 
 " It is then fortunate that the country explored by me, and the trace suggested in this 
 Report, offers no difficulty to making an excellent road, which will eventually become one 
 of the greatest arteries in this district. In fuct, though to an inexperienced eye the coun- 
 try under consideration may look rough, nevertheless a very largo amount of good land 
 exists, of a quality superior to tho old settlements — all that is wanting to redeem this wil- 
 derness is to open the road which I have tho honor to submit for your consideration." 
 
 Jfontauban Road Line. 
 
 This line of road lies in tho County of Portneuf, and commences at the end of the 
 Colonization Road opened from the Church of St. Casimir, — a distance of about six miles — 
 and thence, after following the seigniorial line of Grondines, inclines into the 1st Range 
 of the Township of Montauban, which it traverses, and part of the 2nd Range, obliquely 
 to the River Batiscan, a distance of six and a half miles. 
 
 Mr. Provincial Land Surveyor A. Bochot, who marked and surveyed the road line 
 repotts as follows : — 
 
 " I proceeded to explore and trace tho Montauban Road, the direction of which Emm 
 follows : — At starting on Lot 17 of the 1st Range of the township, the road winds to the 
 left to avoid the end of a small lake, — the land here is low and wet, requiring a good deil 
 
of bridging — returniDg to tho seigniorial line which divides Grondiaes from Montaubao. 
 The road follows thatjline for rather wore than a mile. Through this extent the land is lo*^ 
 and wet for a few arpcnts, after which it passes through some fine land and good soil, 
 covered with hard wood, and affording good luatcriul for road luaking. 
 
 " Leavini; the seigniorial line at the distance above-named, I took a north-easterly 
 direction for abou^ 48 chains. In this distance the surface of the land is more uneven, but 
 the soil und timber are similar to that prcviou^]y passed. I then continued in a north- 
 westerly direction, for about 62 chains, over very lovel land, the soil being of prime quality 
 and covered with hard wood. 
 
 ** From the end of thi.s course I took a course of about north 31° west, for about half 
 a mile, over level ground and good soil ; and at the end of this distance I took a more 
 northerly course, winding in different directions, for about 24 chains, and descending a 
 slope, at the foot of which is a considerable stream ; the descent is gentle, and the soil 
 excellent, except near the stream, where it is low and requires bridging. 
 
 " From the stream I followed a course north 10° east, as far as the River Batiscan, a 
 distanoe of 111 chains, the land being good and covered with hard wood. 
 
 ''Through the whole course of the road I found only two small rocks, which were on 
 , the seigniorial line, and from thence to the River Batiscan, only one. Out of five or six 
 small streams there is but one having a high bank, being at all easy of access, so that no 
 locality could be more favorable than this lor the construction of a road " 
 
 New Line explored for the Tachi Road. 
 
 That part oi the line marked in 1860 for the Taoh6 Road, from Pohenegamook to the 
 
 Kempt Road, it was desirable should, as much as possible, keep in the range of surveyed 
 
 townships back of the seigniories, on the St. Lawrence, which was accordingly carried out, 
 
 but the line so marked was not found to pass in as favorable a country as would induce tha 
 
 construction of the road. 
 
 It was ascertained from reliable information that a far superior tract of country 
 prevailed, more or less, to its junction with the New Temiscouata Road, through the 
 
 Townships of Demerit and Raudot, about five or six miles further south than the first line . 
 
 and running nearly parallel for a considerable distance, intersecting the well known 
 
 fine area of land on the River Rimouski, called the "fonds d'ormes." 
 
 A line has been accordingly explored and marked by Mr. J. B. Lepage, the Crown 
 
 Land Agent, starting in the Township of Pohenegamook, where the Pohenegamook Road 
 
 joins the Tach6 Road Line, thence traversing the Townships of Armand, Ghenier, Bedard 
 
 Duquesne, and Macpes, and thence gradually inclining northward, through the Township 
 
 of Fleuriau, to its intersection with tho New Matapedia Road; near the rear line of th« 
 
 Seigniory of Thibicrge. 
 
 A distance of 96 aailes, of which exploration and the country it has been traced 
 through, Mr. Lepage reports as follows : — 
 
 " In making a general review of the whole distance run for the purposes of opening 
 roads and of settlement, no unfavorable feature occurs to me. I may say that, except one 
 or two spots, which, after all, do not oppose any serious obstacle, the whole of the land 
 intersected by this line offers every advantage to the completion o' a road. At no point is 
 
 mining required. The greatest part of the hills ore composed of or of 
 
 sand; mavsby bottoms and wet lands arc rare, and of little extant. 
 
 " In a distance of 93 miles there are only 10 rivers to be crossed requiring bridges of 
 expensive construction. Of these the subjoined table will exhibit the breadth, height of 
 the bankH, and depth of water. With regard to the small streams crossing the line, they 
 mtiy be easily bridged at little expense, the requisite timber being plentiful and near ki 
 
80 
 
 " No. 
 
 Name of Rirer. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 He'ght of Depth of 
 Bank. Water. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 1 
 
 St. Francois 
 
 l''oct. 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 100 
 
 60 
 4r) 
 70 
 60 
 114 
 60 
 .^0 
 
 Feot- 
 8 to 10 
 7 to 8 
 
 Flat. 
 
 4 to 6 
 6 
 
 5 to 15 
 7 to 8 
 
 6 to 7 
 ? to 8 
 5 
 
 Feet. 
 2i to6 
 2 
 2 to 3 
 
 H 
 3 
 
 2i 
 4 
 
 2 to 3 
 1 to 2 
 
 H 
 
 Hard bottom. 
 
 2 
 
 Toupiquc 
 
 " stony. 
 The hij;h water in spring coven 
 
 the banks, stony bottom. 
 Stony. 
 
 Marshy for 9 or 10 chains. 
 Stony. 
 
 3 
 
 Trois Pistoles 
 
 4 
 
 Petit St. Jean 
 
 6 
 
 Touradif, 1 
 
 6 
 
 Do 2 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 Do 3 
 
 Rimousl i 
 
 9 
 
 Neigetle 
 
 ti 
 
 10 
 
 Ror. Rouge 
 
 It 
 
 
 
 
 
 A glance at the pUu of the line will show that its general course is pretty regular, 
 and that the numerous slight deviations have all been made so a.s to avoid some obstacle in 
 the lay of the land, such as a hill, a cedar swamp, a lake, rock or mountain, in fine all such 
 impediments the nature of which would raise the expense of construction of a road, render 
 it unfavorable to transport and less durable. As an inducement to settlement it may be 
 stated that the land extending to some distance on each side of the line is favorable to 
 cultivation in all degrees, very few places would make an unpro^tablc return. 
 
 The whole country is watered by numbers of fine rivers and water courses, afi'ording 
 in many instances water powers which might be made available with great facility. Add to 
 this the presence of several lakes abounding in fish. 
 
 Maple is abundant in all directions and sugar-making settlements are numerous. The 
 other kinds of timber in any quantity arc birch, balsam, spruce, white birch and cedar. — 
 In many places we find ash, poplar and aspen. The smaller trees are the mountain a«h, 
 alders, buttonwood, willows and hazel. As to wood for the market, especially such as 
 pine, there was formerly a large quantity, but at the present day the woods are quite de- 
 void of it, however a large quantity of spruce may still be found sufficient for all the set- 
 tler's wants. 
 
 It is not necessary to speak of the beauty of, and advantages to be derived from, 
 the elm covered lowlands at the River Ilimouski, as a sufficient description of them has 
 alreadv been given in the 8th section of this report. 
 
 I trust that I have conformed to my instructions and am happy that I may be certain 
 that the running a road through this territory will be the means of opening up a vast ex- 
 tent of country for settlement. 
 
 These advantages are well known to a large number of settlers, who are disposed to 
 locate themselves on the road as soon as it is passable, with by-roads leading to it. 
 
 THE HAMPDEN AND ARNOLD RIVER AND MAINE AND MEGANTIC 
 
 ROADS 
 
 Lie in the County of Compton and will open up for settlement a large tract of fertile lands 
 
 well watered by tributaries of the Rivers Chaudiere and St. Francis. Provincial Land 
 
 Surveyor W. "W. O'Dwyer who surveyed the lines in 1861 reports as follows : — 
 
 The Hampden and Arnold River Road commences at the point where the Victoria 
 Road, in Bury crosses tho lino between Bury and Lingwick, and runs thence south 
 easterly along that line to the out-linc of Hampden, which it follows south westerly to the 
 division line of lots Nos. 8 and 9 of Hampden. Thence southerly through the three 
 first ranges of Hampden, and tue 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranges of Ditton : thence, extending bac V; 
 westerly to Newport line, it runs easterly, and part southerly through Pittpq, G)iepbtm> 
 and Woburo to the West biiuk of Araold River, 
 
49 
 
 The length of the Road, by the survey, from the Victoria road to Arnold Biver is 81 
 milea and 77 chains. The extension of the line westerly in Ditton to Newport line meaaared 
 99 chains ; giving the entire length of road laid out 33} miles 
 
 Upon the whole of the line, with the exception of the distance along Bury and Ling- 
 wick line, are laid out lots of one hundred acres each, (except whore irregular areas of 
 necessity occur), forming a double range of lots fronting upon the road, except where aid* 
 lines are followed ; as shown upon the map of the survey. 
 
 HAMPDEN AND AJINOLD RIVER ROAD— GENERAL SUMMARY. 
 
 SETTLING LAND. 
 The good land for settlement may be divided in six principal blocks or tracts, via : 
 
 I. — In the 1st, 2ud and 3rd ranges of Ditton, from No 7 and 13 of the 1st Range t^ 
 about i of the depth of the 3rd Range, and extending west to Newport line. 
 
 II. — On the west side of, and around Salmon llivcr from No. 10 to No. 31. 
 
 III. — From No. 55 in Ditton to No. 2 in Chesham and extending farther north 
 easterly. 
 
 IV. — From No. 14 to No. 29, Chesham, extending farther east in a north east'^'ly 
 direction. 
 
 V. — From No. 36, ChesLam, to No. 55 or 56, Woburn, extending south tastciiy 
 toward " Saddle Mountain." 
 
 VI. From No. 72, Woburn to Arnold River, extending up and down the River, and 
 containing very fine Meadow land. 
 
 Of these the 2nd and 5th Blocks arc the most extensive ; and coutain some of the 
 finest land and timber. 
 
 GENERAL REPORT. 
 
 In respect to timber for lumbering purposes, it may be observed that no great 
 amonct of pine timber falls within the lots surveyed ; but there is an abundance of very 
 largi erowth of spruce of excellent quality, with fine birch and maple in the higher parts. 
 
 Smaller tracts of very good land occur between the larger ones, in many of which two 
 or three farms in a block can be found of highly desirable land ; while the poor, waste 
 land is not in such quantity or extent anywhere as to prevent the formation of a compara- 
 tively continuous chain of settlements when the road has been opened and made ; and 
 taken together, it may be safely said that the Lands laid out for settlement by this Survey, 
 will compare favorably with the same extent of territory in most of the adjoining Town- 
 ships now under process of settlement and colonization. 
 
 THE MAINE AND MEGANTIC ROAD. 
 
 No hills of any magnitude will be found ou this route. The exploration for the 
 first four miles from the point of departure southerly, by the shortest route, runs mostly 
 through good settling land. In the remaining distance there is a considerable proportion 
 of dark timbered land, stony in parts, but generally not unfavorable for the construction 
 of a Road ; while several favorable localities for farms can be found along the River. For 
 the last two and a half miles the Road will run along the base of the Ridge, the crest of 
 which is followed by the boundary line. The Easterly slope of this Ridge is finely tim- 
 bered with hardwood ; and there is a narrow belt of arable land along the River on both 
 sides, broken occasionally by the nearer approach of the hills to th^ River. 
 
 Throughout the whole of this section no impediment exists {igainst t^e formation of 
 a good Road, at about the ordinary cost of such work. 
 
41 
 
 1 
 
 The land by the route through this section is favorable for settlement almost the whole 
 diatance, and in many parts is of excellent quality ; some poor land intervening from time 
 to time, but not in large tracts. 
 
 liy the opening of this Koud, a considcrablo amount of good settling land in the town- 
 ships of Woburn, and a large quantify of excellent land in the townships of Clinton and 
 Marsion will be made available for settlement ; and when considered as a local improve- 
 ment in connexion with the llampJcii and Arnold lliver Roa 1, now laid out, and as the 
 connecting link between the settlements alreudy formed and now rapidly increasing, on 
 both sides of the line between Canada and the United States, the importance of this route, 
 in the general scheme of Coloiization, will hardly be overrated as an agency in developing 
 the resources ol this part of the country. 
 
 Mr. P. L. S. Duval's Report on the Anse h Gilles Road Survey : ■ 
 
 " As to the quality of the land, from the 5th mile to tho 9th, along this road, it is but 
 indifferent. As to the upper part, that is to &ay, that which is prolonged up to the Tach6 
 Road, it is well adapted for cultivation ; the soil is not .stony, and appears to bo every- 
 where very rich. On the roar lines of the 5th and 0th ranges, which I have drawn, is a 
 large and fine maple grove, on which have been established .'•evciul sugaries. The soil in 
 these two conces3ions is very rich, without rocks or stones; so that everything is in favor 
 of tho settlers. I do not hesitate to say, that it is the finest and largest tract of laud which 
 I have as yet passed through. It is in every respect well adapted for settlement. 
 
 "I have no doubt that if these lands were once known, they would not fail to be 
 appreciated by a crowd of sotllers, who would snt about clearing them with zeal and ardor, 
 and would derive from them considerable profit. As soon as the road shall have been 
 opened for a suflicient distance, it is certain that colonization will advance in the Township 
 of Fatten. 
 
 " Means ot communication in this territor}' will be easy of attainment, for there i.i no 
 considerable hill or inequality. There are, however, some gentle acclivities, which are by 
 no means unpleasant. From the summit of these slight emineuccii, the eye contemplates 
 with pleasure the vast extent of country which lies around, and which fills us with senti- 
 ments of admiration for the Author of so many wonders. The timber, in general, is tall 
 and heavy There are some cedar groves interspersed with balsams of largo size." 
 
 ' Report of Mr. Surveyor Francis Tetu, on the survey of the lands on the Arago Road* 
 
 "In those parts of the Townships of Lc.«sard and IJoaubicn, which I have surveyed, 
 there are many tracts of stony soil to be met witli, but this will not be an obstacle to the 
 settlement of nearly the whole of these lots, the soil of which is, in general, well adapted 
 for colonization. The prevailing kinds of timber, in those two townships are cedar, fir, 
 white birch, alder and balsam : there is litth; pine of large size in the immediate neigh- 
 borhood of the road line, but a proof of tlie existence of timber for building purposes in tho 
 Township of Lcssard is, that in the mouth of November last a shanty road was established 
 for the cutting of saw-logs which are transported to the Bras d'Apic. All the Arago tract 
 is fit for cultivation ; the kinds of timber found there are balsam, white birch, black birch, 
 and, in still greater quanticies, maple. In effect, in tho last named Township alone the 
 number of sugaries worked during the last winter was more than sixty. 
 
 " The Arago road-lino is already of great utility as a snow-shoo road for those who are 
 making sugar in these townships." 
 
 Report on the exploratory survey for a lino of road from Gaspe Rasin to Port Daniel 
 in the district of Gasp6, by 3Ir. P. L. S. Blaiklock ; 
 
 "Although my explorations have failed to attain the object contemplated in my in 
 etructioiis, namely to open up the country for settlement in rear of the surveyed lands in 
 this part of the country, yot a good line f)r a road could be traced which, passing through 
 the back ranges of the Townships of York, Douglas, ]Mal Ray and Perco, would reach tlie 
 seaboard near the seigniory of Grand River, and would open up an extensive and valuable 
 track of unoccupied Crown land for settlement. This route would sh M-ten the distance to 
 the Bay des Chalcurs by about thirteen miles, and would bo from thirty-two to thj ty-three 
 
miles in length ; it would at the same time avoid the danger and frequent delays caused by 
 crossing the Barachoisof Malbay and Douglastown, where, after a heavy storm the sea 
 breaks with great violence over the bnrs of the mouths of these rivers, and the ioo running 
 in the spring causes frequent delays in the transit of the mails and passengers. 
 
 " Besides this line, many other shorter branch roads might be opened with advantage, 
 and would P'''eatly facilitate the settlement in this part of the country. For instance a road 
 opened up the River St. John to connect with the Village of Dou;;lastown, would open two 
 ranges nearly all across the Township of York, of excellent land for settlement, aho by 
 continuing the road up the Barachoi of Mai Bay and thence along the river, would greatly 
 facilitate the settlement of the fine rich tract of land bordering this stream. The York and 
 Dartmouth rivers could likewise be opened up in like manner, in the valleys of both of 
 which rivers considerable tracts of valuable land, well adapted to agriculture, exist. In 
 fact if tivcr the interior lands are settled, it will be by the progressive settlements of the^ie 
 streams. 
 
 "Inclosing this report I cannot but remark the rapid improvement that has taken 
 place in the agricultural pursuits in this country within the few years I have been obser* 
 vant of it, as well as in the increasing quantities both of cereals as well as root crops that are 
 now raised, as also in the improved system of cultivation. 
 
 " The granting of nrtents and opening of the Crown Lands for sale, has likewise 
 given an increased imp*. \ ■• n-'riculture, inasmuch as the occupants have already, or are 
 about to obtain titles for t^ jperty they occupy, and be secured in their possessions, 
 
 which, for years heretofore < y have not been. It will also enable persons wishing to 
 invest capital in landed property in the country to do so with far greater security than 
 heretofore." 
 
 Exploratory surveys for a road from La Tuqu^, on the St. Maurice to Lake St. John, 
 Saguenay, by Mr. P. L. S. Blaiklock : — 
 
 " The country lying between the Iliver St. Maurice and the Lake St. John is an 
 elevated, broken and rocky trough, in which numerous of their tributaries take their rise ; 
 the surface is broken up into wave like mountains, not generally of high elevation, but 
 precipitous, without connection or regularity. There are few regular ranges of hills or ex- 
 tensive vallies, and the whole is clothed with a dense but stunted growth of mixed timber, 
 consisting, chiefly of black and gray spruce, fir and white birch, together with a very few 
 scattered birch, poplar, tamarack and maple. The soil of this vast region is mostly sand, 
 approaching, in some instances, to a light loam, but of such a stony and rocky character 
 as to afford but slight hopes of its ever being brought under cultivation. 
 
 ''The country is well watered by small tributary streams, and innumerable small and 
 large lakes, but their vallies are narrow and limited in extent. The fixed rock is all of a 
 granite formation,andin no instance did lobserveany appearanceofminerals or stratification. 
 
 " There are no extensive groves of pine in this country, but considerable quantities 
 mattered over the hills, bordering the rivers and lakes chiefly upon the waters of the 
 Bostonais and Groche; much of this timber is sound and good, but, as a general rule, they 
 were faulty, from wind shakes and spunk knoUs, and more suitable for saw logs than 
 squared timber. If the information I received can be relied upon, the great pine bearing 
 country of the St. Maurice lies to the west of that river. 
 
 " The idea that there existed a large and extensive valley connecting the St. Maurice 
 with Lake St. John was quite a mistaken one ; the fact is, it is an elevated water shed with 
 ranges of hills dividing the several streams. These hills, which have a considerable eleva- 
 tion near the main streams, gradually diminish towards the height of land, the country 
 rising gently to the dividing ridge and descendiiig in a similar manner on the opposite 
 side. 
 
 "From the foregoing description of the country lying between the River St. Maurice 
 and the settlements of the Upper Saguenay, it cannot but be observed that from the broken 
 and mountainous character of the land, and the arid nature of the soil, but slender hopes can 
 be entertained of its ever being made available for purposes of colonization ; — many spots 
 of comparatively good land were met with in my exploration, but so limited in extent and 
 isolated in position, that they could not be made available for settlement. The only pros- 
 eot for any connected or oootinuous settlement would be, in my opinion, by the valley of 
 
 the 
 for 
 
 Mi 
 
 tol 
 nai 
 th( 
 of 
 to 
 wl 
 do 
 
 th 
 bi 
 bj 
 
 be 
 
 0] 
 
 r 
 
 
48 
 
 the River Croohe, Habere the alluvial along the backs of that stream offer the only advantage 
 for such a purpose. 
 
 " Information has no doubt been furnished to the department upon this subject, by 
 Mr. Arcand, P.L.S., whoso special duty it was to explore and report upon this river. 
 
 '* By an inspection of the accompanying plan, it will be seen that my exploring line 
 tollowed nearly along the dividing ridge, between the waters of the Groohe and the Basto- 
 nais, and consequently passed over the most elevated ground in the range ; 't would 
 therefore offer considerable difficulty to the construction of a road, from the broken nature 
 of the ground in the vicinity ; but I should think, by following up the valley of the Croche 
 to near the height of lands, and thence either to descend the valley of the Ouiatohouanish, 
 which was explored by Mr. Arcand, but whether reported upon favorably or otherwise I 
 do not know, not having seen his report upon this section of the survey. 
 
 " Of the latter route I cannot speak with any degree of accuracy, not having explored 
 that section lying between the head waters of the Croche and the great Ouiatchouan lake; 
 but I have every reason to believe it would be found similar in character to that traversed 
 by the line surveyed. 
 
 "In reviewing the object of the present exploration, namely, the opening of a road 
 between the settlements on the St. Maurice and those of the tipper Saguenay, I am of 
 opinion that for at least some years to come, it will not be made available." 
 
 DiPARTMXNT or CbOWN LaMD8; 
 
 Quebeo, May, 1862. 
 
 WM. McDOUGALL, 
 
 Commimoner. 
 
OTTAAVA AND PONTIAO 
 
 COLONIZATION ROADS 
 
 l!ao\vN TiMUKii Office, 
 
 Ottawa, 27th March, 1862. 
 
 Sir, — I should have luid tho lienor, at an earlier date, ui reporting on the progress 
 of last seasons works on tho Colonization lloads iu iho Counties of Ottawa and Vontiac, 
 entrusted to my charge, had it not been that tho unavoidably late commencement of some 
 of the works carried them far into the winter; and that unexpected difficulties in compila- 
 tion, and other causes beyond my control delayed tho preparation of such a map of the 
 country north of the Ottawa, as scorned necessary to shew in a satisfactory manner the 
 lloads forming the subject of report and tho surveyed Townships they are designed to 
 lead to, or through which they pass. 
 
 Tho works to be reported upon arc of two classes; the works performed under the ap- 
 propriation of 810,000 ff»r tho Counties of Ottawa and I'ontiac for the year 1861, and those 
 done in expenditure of tho romainiug appropriations of former years. 
 
 Tho works under the appropriations for the year 1801 consist of — 
 
 Ist. Tho making of ton miles of tho (Jatineau and Couloniro road in the township of 
 Low. 
 
 2nd. The improvoment of tho Thorno ro<id, and the making of three miles in contin- 
 uation of it, leading to the Oatineau and Coulonge road, in tho township (»f Leslie. 
 
 3rd. Tho building and repair of bridge.^ in the Gatineau and Desert lloud. 
 
 The works under renmining apj)ropriations of former years are — • 
 
 Ist. The opening of the Onslow and Masham road. 
 
 2ud. 'I'ho improvement of the front road in the lower part of Pontiac. 
 
 Urd. Tho opening of the l-lardly and 3rasham road. 
 
 4th. Works on the front road in tho upper part of the County of Pontiac. 
 
 Tho Gatineau and Coulonge road was originally projected, and traced in the field by 
 Messrs. Kouchotte and Aylon, from the Puagan Falls on the river Gatineau, about thirtj- 
 »«ix miles above its mouth, to the sottlemenis on the Ottawa at tho mouth of the river 
 Coulonge, a distance of forty-nino miles ; passing successively through the central part of 
 the township of Tjow, the front ot Cawood, generally along the lino between Leslie and 
 Thome, along tho rear of Litchfield and through the south-eaat corner of Mansfield. 
 
 The ten miles of it contracted for, and very nearly completed, extend from the main 
 road on tho Gatineau into the last range of tho township of Low. It is the most impor- 
 tant part of the whole line, not only bocau.so it passes through the best land upon it, but 
 also because it gives access to the road line traced northward from the river Peche in 
 Masham, along the rear ranges of the townships of Low and Aylwin, to the river Pick- 
 anock in the township of Wright, which pa.sses through the greatest extent of land gener- 
 ally admitting of settlement that there i- in the lower part of the valley of the Gatineau. 
 
 The intersection of these two road.^ therefore forms a point from which settlement 
 roads could most advantageously be opened extending northward, southward and westward, 
 as will be further explained in proposing tho works most immediately serviceable for the 
 ensuing season. The greater usefulness in this manner of the first part of the Gatineau 
 and Coulonge road became a r<^ason for making it in a more thorough manner than might 
 be necessary in the case of a less important road. 
 
Tho part of this road cniitracttul for uiifl iinarly coiuidctuil i.i duiio u'jconliug to llio 
 uccoiDpan^in^ ppocification wliicli I preparcJ, after luuuy ^oars cxpuriuncc, as llic boat for 
 obtaining a piud road ecotxiniicully, uh regai'ds labor mid cspcnso, wlicro thu incans avail- 
 able did not udiiiit (»f n fust class earth road boinj^ coiistructecl. It is opened lit feet in 
 width, the roots aud stones thoroughly grubbed out, of ten fecit in breadth of tho centre, 
 (practically much wider in all the dimensions'), and crowned to tho width of sixtcon foct 
 with a Hufiieieiit risu in tho centre; with culverts, ditches and discharging drains, whcrt? 
 necessary. The causeways are laid sixteen feet wide, hewn or covered with earth. The 
 bridges are built in the most substantial manner with covering eighteen feet in 
 breadth. 
 
 Tenders were received fur tho work on the 2Gth day of August, ufter oxteusive public 
 advertisements, and it was let to tho party making tho lowest tender, at the following rates, 
 riz. : causewaying S3 ; bridging, from three to seven <*ect high, 810 per rod ; bridges over 
 seven feet high, one-seventh additional to tho foregoing for every additional foot in height; 
 ditching three feet wide by two deep whore required, apart from tho oruinury water tables, 
 60 cents per rod ; and for all other work taken together, that is, Ibr grubbing, crowning 
 and drainmg, including side cuttings (not measuring in the bridges and causeway.s,) $1 per 
 rod J extra excavation, 20 cents for earth and ^I.IU for rock, per cubic yard. 
 
 Of the ten miles contracted for, two and a quarter miles remain to bo crowned, with 
 the necessary culverts and a little oausevraying ; it is all grubbed out except sixteen rods ; 
 and there 13 one bridge 104 feet in length by 12 in greatest height, not yet built, but novr 
 iD progress. 
 
 There are 58J rods of bridging done, varying from four to fourteen feot in height, 
 including one bridge of 2l0 feet long by 13^ feet high, another of 117 feet by 10^ foot 
 high, one of 81 feet by 9} high, and 348 feet in length of substantial wharving in the bod 
 of Stag Creek, solidly filled, and from eight to 10 feet in height. Of causewaying there are 
 172 rods, and 135 rods of extra ditching ; and although there is very little stony or rocky 
 ground, there are many extensive side hill cuttings from three to five feet in depth. 
 
 My accounts to 31st December last, exhibit payments to W. A. Kichardson, tho 
 contractor, for work performed on this road, amounting to §3,770.08. Tho further pay- 
 ment to bo made for the completing of work under contract (part of which has since l)epn 
 paid) will amount to about 8900 more, to which should be added 3100 for half n mile of work 
 not yet contracted for, desirable to bo done. The final cost will be rnthor low fur the' 
 value of the work performed. 
 
 Considering the generally rugged character of the Gatincau country, it is remarkable 
 that this portion of the Qatineau and Coulongc road, extending nearlvto eleven miles from 
 the Gatineau passes through a tract of country nearly altogether arable, and very free from 
 rocks or stones, the soil of the first part of it being generally a clay loam of tho richest 
 kind, and the latter part warm and fertile, though in parts rather light and .sandy ; and 
 connected with it on each side there are several irregular blocks of land very favorable for 
 the formation of settlements which will open into this piece of road. 
 
 The next eleven and a half miles of the road line passes through land of an inferior 
 quaIity,one-halfof itonlyon an average on the line being fit for settlement, l)ut at a mile and 
 a half suuth of tho line, three-quarters of it may bo said to be so. For the next four miles, 
 to the centre line of Thurne, it is ot the same inferior description, on the line ubout one 
 half fit for settlement — north of it about one quarter, and southward from it three quarters 
 may probably be so. 
 
 The next eight miles, that is to three and a half miles along tho rear of Litchfield, ia 
 through land well suited for settlement on both sides, which extends to three miles north- 
 ward of the rear of Litchfield, much of it is now occupied. This is tho best tract on tho 
 west portion of the line. 
 
 Then after becoming inferior for three and a half mil6.<!, it windu through tho mountain 
 range, where scarcely half of the land Is fit for settlement ; and the lemaining six miles to 
 the end of the line, near the mouth of the Coulonge, is generally on a light barren sand. 
 
 The other parts being inferior, it was considered desirable in the first instance to open 
 up only the eight miles in rear of Thome and Litchfield, most suitable for settlement 
 (which has already made some progress there), and to connect it with the old settlement of 
 the township -of Clarendon, by improving that part of the road from Clarendon Centre to 
 
Otter Lake, which leads northward through thu township ot' Thome. By dcinc sO| and 
 then turning northward from tho ua»t purl of thu rear of LitchGeld, up botweou tho rivers 
 Ooulongo and Piokanook, ivhero Hoveral luuihnr explorers had rcptirtcd that thcro yrw 
 much apparently gnod hardwood land, it vraa thought that a great highway could be pio. 
 jcoted, having the very important ndvontago of being alike an advantageouH road for set- 
 tlement to an indefinitely large extent, and a very useful inlet for the luiubcrors on the 
 rivniH Coulougc and Pickanock, whoMO expenditure fur farm produce and team hire would 
 ill) much to encourage and Nuitain settlement. More recent information, however, tending 
 to Nhcw that the soil of tho (teoiiiingly favorabiu hardwood land, in thut direction was too 
 shallow to adiuit of tho formation of pronporous scttlcmentH, rcmirriMl the proispcctof form- 
 ing an advantageous extenitive Hcttlement road in that direction tuo doubtful to warrant 
 the commcnoement of it on the nualo originally intended. 
 
 The idea of opening tho f'ighf miloi of tho Gatinoau and Coulonge road in rear of 
 Thome and Litchfield, on tho namu scale as the ton miles of the eaat end of it, was there- 
 fore ubandoncd fur tho present, as it would apparently lead to nothing of importance ; and 
 the f)pcrations of the past season, there, wero limited to the works on the road through 
 Thome and the making of part of it. 
 
 Tlie improvomint of tho Thome luud, including tho making nf three miles of it on a 
 new site, was requind to give proper access to the lands on the west eml of the Gatinoau 
 (ind Cuulung«i roud, uiul to the Hcttleincnts that will gradually be formed on tracts adjoining 
 il to thu iiorthwaiJ and easlwuid. This ruad is the natural inlet to these tracts, giving 
 access to them from the steamboat landing on 'he Ottawa and the village of Clarendon 
 Centre, where the Crown Land Agent's office and the nearest stores for the supply of the 
 country arc. It affords a good passage through the first range of tho Laurentian Hills, 
 which skirt the Ottawa settlements, and are here met at tho rear of Clarendon ; and it is 
 the lino of comniuuicution with tho lumbering establishments of Messrs. Oilmour & Co., on 
 the Pickanock, which together with thrir ronds, have been the chief cause of tho extension 
 of Kottlcmeut in this direction. 
 
 Tho road thnjugh Thorne is about iiiuc miles in length, from the front to tlie rear of 
 the township. The first five miles pass through the range of hills above mentioned. On 
 •ilils part, tho work done consisted in the improvement of long, steep and dangerously rocky 
 ascents, requiring in parts excavation, and building up with stone, the removal ot rocks, 
 ditching, &c., together with 224 feet of most substantial bridging, in three places; with 
 Hide cuttings and levelling of banks, and 300 feet of hewn causewaying. Of the romaioing 
 four miles, three miles and three chains of now road were opened, with a width of sixteen to 
 twenty feet; twelve feet wide in the coutrc of il, well levelled, after being thoroughly 
 grubbed and ploughed. There are considerable cuttings at ascents and side hills, a very 
 subslautial bridge sixty feet in length, and 2J0 foct of hewn causewaying. 
 
 The total expenditure made on the road in Thorne, otherwise called the Otter Lake 
 road, is §1,0-17.10. 
 
 Much of tho work was of an irregular nature that could not be suitably let by contract 
 and required experienced skill. It was done by a party of well selected men under the 
 charge of Mr. James MeLaren of Portage du Fort, who had formerly executed some very 
 dif&cull work for me on the Bytown and Pembroke road, with unusual skill and economy, 
 as he has also done iu the present instance. 
 
 Finding many causeways to bo made, and bad rocky hills that would have been very 
 expensive, on tho upper part of the old track, I spent two days in exploring and locating 
 the three miles of new road above mentioned instead of it. The site of the new road is as 
 lemarkably good as tho other is bad, passes through good land for settlement, which the 
 other docs not, and shortens the distance one mile jr eastward, pnd two miles fur westward 
 travel, on th.; (Jatinoau and Coulonge road line, which it intersects at the rear of Thorne. 
 Tr also there connects with several lumber and settlement roads, which, as the country 
 there booomes gen.-'rally level with a light dry soil, are remarkably good though opened at 
 little cost. 
 
 Within a radians of six miles of the end of thi.* npw road, there is much good land for 
 ■ettlemont thoooli <^.>nie of it is etony, but unless the i9xisteDce of eome considerable extent 
 «>f Innd fii fci seiil< tuent bw f]lofinitcIy nscertnined beyond that, nothing of importaoce c»i» 
 
be doiiu hci'u ; iiml tlio cumplctidu of tliu loiid u fow iiiilps wcHlwurd, ou a Hiuall scale, 
 neems tu be tho utuiuHt tliat could bo dcsinni till furtlicr concIiiBivo iafortnation bo ubtaioed. 
 
 The building nud repair of bridges on tlio (Jatiiiruu and Desert road, Ih the third 
 division of works on which a small expenditure on account of the appropriation of IHUl liaa 
 been made. 
 
 In tho beginning of Novonibur lust, I made a rapid but eanful roconu'ii^Hancu of tho 
 road up the Gatiucau us far as the river Desert, us formerly proposed, taking tho necessary 
 notoa as to tlie state of the road, soil, wurfacc and obstacles, to enable me to make hu ap- 
 proximate ostiniute of the cost of comjilcting on a nioderiitc scale that very important road, 
 alike for tho sett lenient of the country and the busincns of it. 
 
 As the expenditure! nf a small sum of tlio appropriation for IHtll, for necessary objects 
 on the Desert road had lecu proposed, and as some of the bridges were in a dangerous 
 slate, or required to bo built to prevent tho obstruction of travel in spring, I let part of tho 
 irorks to be done on my way returning. It consisted of four small jobs, viz. : 
 
 Tho repair, raising six feet and lengthening t(» J 70 feet of the bridge over Lacroix's 
 brook, a little above the Piekanock, let for l^^lJO. The building of a bridge over Lepinen 
 brook, 75 iVet in length, let fnr $50. One nf 00 leet on Carisso's brook for S50 ; and the 
 building of a bridge and causeway at St. Amour's brook, 344 feet long, for Sill. 25, all in 
 the township of Wright. 
 
 Tho payments on account of tlic-e works charged in my account current to Slst De- 
 cember last, amount only to 818(5, but they liavo all since been completed and paid for, 
 excepting small reservations made till spring. 
 
 Also tho bridge over the river I'ickanock, which was built with Colonization money, 
 1 found on careful cxauiination, rcijuircd lo be r.iised si.\ feet higher, to prevent its proba- 
 ble destruction by spring floods, and to be lengtiiened to 23(3 feet by adding 70 feet to it. 
 This work has since been let for 8320, completed and paid for with a small reservation. 
 
 The extension of another bridge, let for 840, is the last work on the Desert road now 
 in progress. 
 
 Earlier in the full, I visited the Crown liandv^gents in the lower part of theCounty of 
 Ottawa, and (collected from t'lcm and from the lumberers and others best acqttainted with 
 the interior, such information, as added to that derived from Surveyors and their returns 
 of surveys ou record in my ofticc, confirmed my prcvions'y expressed opinion that tho valley 
 of the Petito Nation river was the most favorable site, next to that of the (latineau, for the 
 opening of a great highway into the interior country north of the Ottawa, as a Colonization 
 road, and that such a road on the east side of the Petite Nation river would pass through 
 much good land for settlement. Having obtained yorr sanction, I immediately instructed 
 Mr. Leduc, of St. Andre Avelin, to survey such a line of road, up through tho township 
 of Suffolk, with a view to its further continuance. The result of his survey is highly satis- 
 factory, but no expenditure has yet been made in work upon this line of road. I shall leave 
 further notice of it and of the Gatineau and Desert road to the concluding part f>f this 
 report, suggesting future operations. 
 
 Of the work of last season, under remaining appropilations of former years, tho first 
 begun was the opening of the Onslow and IMasham road. 
 
 This road commences at the Catholic Church on No. 4 of the 8th range o/ Onslow, 
 and extends to No. 28 of the r2th rangexif that township, where it joins tho Mashaui road 
 at the river Peche. 
 
 It has been opened throughout, from the vicinity of the church, from twelve feet in 
 width to six feet in difficult places, among rocks ; the hills are dug and stones removed so 
 as to make it passable for a cart. There are causeways made on it amounting to 286 
 feet, and a substantial bridge on the outlet of Wolf Lake, 166 feet in length, upwards of 
 ten feet in height, on block work, with hewn covering. The bridge and causeways were 
 made 18 feet in width to suit tho dimension of the oad when widened by the statute labor 
 of the settlers. 
 
 The appropriation lor this road was -^'JOO of which llitvc has been expended 8785, 
 leaving 0115 for further work. 
 
 The work was doue by a party of men ejuployed by ihe month under Mr. Benjaraiq 
 Moore, of Onnlow, whose energy and great experienco in conducting extensive lumbering 
 operationi \n the woods, Peoiired the best possible result for the money expended ' 
 
d 
 
 I)- 
 
 The improvomviit of tho IVont road, in tlio lower jmrl of Pontine, wan done under llio 
 ftnpropriation of 81,000 for tliat rood froiri tho County liru! f>otwccn Ottawa and I'ontia-? to 
 T'ortKjiC du I'ort 
 
 On ciircful cxniuiruition and iniiuiry, I found thai expoiiditiiic on inijirnviMnunt una 
 ino8t ro(|uirvd on purtv of the rood in ('iiiicndon, wliorc it \n rouprh and miry, and i>!*prcially 
 in this township of Onslow, below tho rivor (^uio, wlicio thero wn.s an oxtont of nhout four 
 miles of cxtrcuioly bad road, one half of it boinj^ over rmigli rocky ledges, and iho other 
 very miry and unmade, rcquirinj; much work in (litehinij, \'e. This pieeo of road had lon^ 
 been lliu chief obstruetion to i:oniiiui nidation by hind ietwi-en tho county of Pontine and 
 tho city of Ottawa. Tho building of Hcvural l)ridm» on the front rond, in the lower {larlof 
 tho township of Onslow was also very tnueh rt'(|uiri'<l. 
 
 J'ilsowhcre, especially in the township of Bristol, 1 found the road qood and jirf^Hcnting 
 no obstruction to travel, and therefore not meriting; any oxponditnro on it from the appro- 
 priation, while the other parts mentioned s) much more required it. My examination 
 took place at a tin>e when country roads arc in their worst posfiljlo condition, 
 
 With the exception of tho impruvementof a dangorousspot, on a bare rock, on the road 
 in Clarendon, tho doing of any work upon it in that, township wa.s di-forred, not only bccnuso 
 it was so lato in tho season but al.so because tin apjc.irontly dosirable ehanpjo of a part of 
 the road was proposed, which required examination. 
 
 The expenditure of last scaHon was therefore limited to llie improvfment of the very 
 had parts ot the road in Onslow, and the buildiotr of i)ii<lf^c.s already mentioned. 
 
 This work was also done by Mr. lionjamin IMocro and his puriy, and in such a manner 
 IIS to elicit an official expression of approbation from the Municipal f'ouneil. 
 
 The work was commenced at the north hide of the (^uio brid;j;c, on No. 1 1 of the JJrd 
 range of Onslow, and consisted in tho makin<^ of bad (spots by crowning and draininjr, tho 
 jnoving of rocks, cutting of side hills, the makiu;L,' of nearly ii mile in all of ditches, with 
 many culverts. On one hill nearly oOO tons of stone were ri'innvcd, and part used for 
 breast work. Only I'JG feet of causeway wore made, but on tlio lowf r part of tho road, 
 Bcvcn bridges were built, amounting to 4G4 feet in length, .sumo i>f thetn eleven feet in 
 height, and all constructed most substantially. 
 
 The total expenditure charged in my account to .'ILst neeondnu* last, on account of the 
 works on this road of the .$1,000 aj)j>ropriated is STOT), leaving a balance uuexpendod of 
 $205 for works to bo done in ('larondon. (See Synopsi.s herewith. ) 
 
 Parties in Clarendon ac<|uainted with the ground informed mo that for about pcven 
 miles, between No, 8 and No. U4 of tho second range of that township, where there is a 
 great bend in the front road, and son»c bad ground to be pa.'^sod, tlio bend could be cut off, 
 saving upwards of a mile of distance, and a much better site found by carrying the road 
 nearly straight between the ubovo points^ pa.ssing in, or along tlio rear of the 1st range, 
 chiefly through a dry, nearly bare sandy red jiino bruit' — and llio change of tlu! lino here is 
 strongly recommended by some of the leading .settlers, as it woulil give a constantly dry 
 road that would requin; almost no repair instead ut' the present line, whose clay ground 
 will always become exceedingly cut up, in wet weather in the fall. The parties recommend- 
 ing the alteration say, with ju.siice, that though it would not benellt them, as they do not 
 reside on the proposed lino, it would bo a great advantac!,t: to the general travel, especially 
 of people from the Upper Canada side of tho Ottawa, who would cruas on the bridge now 
 budding at Portage du Fort', and avail themselves of tht; road on the north side of the 
 Ottawa, which, by cutting off the great bend of the liver is almul ten niilos shorter than 
 the road on the south side to Ottawa city ; which is all unquestionably true. 
 
 Not having time to do so myself, I employed two competent persons to go over the 
 proposed line, who found it to be as stated. S500 in addition to the balance remaining of 
 tho appropriation would open this line and give a bettor and siiorter road than tho present 
 onO; and a road that would bo sound and useful in the wet weather late in the fall, when most 
 required, when tho other would hf scarcely passable. It i,i extremely difficult to see why 
 it should be made with colonization road fun Js, but an additiaiial appropriation for it would 
 be at least as justifiable in that respect as the ono already in .do. 
 
 If by strict definition a eolonizaiion road be oito DPoos.^ary to give access through, or 
 to, public lands fit for settlement, not already oiherwise accessible, the front road in the 
 upper part of Pontiae is mxvh morn fitrioily one, a<i it extends boyond e^isfiiicj eontinuovia 
 
•teamboai comtnunioatioo, «nd f«oiHUteii acoosa to tbo vtoaot laodM north of it, abovo Por 
 tage du Port. 
 
 The rotuaina of appronriationa of former yearn for th« front road in tho upper |)urt of 
 tbo County of I'ontiac, una«r which worka were performed last aouaoo, wore |u50 for the 
 part from Black Kiver in Waltharo to tho Coalonge io Manitfield, and 1250 fur tlio Culuiiict 
 and Deop River Road, to be apenton tho uncompleted part in the upper nurt of Chiuhontur. 
 
 Ah it wnH not till I received un official oomuiunioation of the 22nd October, that I was 
 informed of tbu uiuouota actually at my diapoaal,or tho works to which they wore applloablo, 
 remaining of former appropi iationa and that io sumo eaaea, after that, remotu luculitioii 
 bad to bo viaitrd, and tno work to bo done ascertained, and agreementH made on tho npot 
 for carrying them on, including tho oolkxtion of men, and tho purchuHo and forwarding uf 
 tools and proviBiona, it will be evident that nome of tho works wore nvccsHHrily only cum 
 menced, when Huoh operations generally arc beirg closed and reported upon. 
 
 Under such circumstanoen, I truat^that it will not ho considered cxtrnrtrdinary that my 
 works were nut all completed. 
 
 Am the work to ho doun under the last uientiouod appropriatiouN, conAJHtod chiefly in 
 tho building of Kovcral bridgoN, tho want of which oooatitutod tho ohiof obstacIcH on tho 
 road between the Coulong and Black River, it could be proceeded with, though latn in 
 the season. I instructed Mr. Alexander Proudfoot of ManHfiold, who v/ua Ntrungly recom- 
 mended to mo by Mr. Bryson and Mr. Pouporo, M. 1*. P., on account uf his ability and 
 character, to employ a party of suitable men by the day and proceed with the building of 
 tho bridges and to make tho bent arrangement ho could for tnc opening ol' tho piece of 
 road required in tho township of Chichester. 
 
 He suspended proceeding with the latter at the instance uf the Municipul Council of 
 Chichester, who were anxious to submit a change in tho line of road to my dccisir 
 
 Mr. Proudfoot was interrupted by severe illness and by unfavorable weatb ^ the 
 getting out of the timber for bridge work in progress ; hi.s works will be oomplc -ing 
 
 the incoming season. 
 
 Ho has, however, built three substantial bridges of hewn timber, one of .'U> and two of 
 56 feet in length, of 0, 7 and 12 feet in height respectively, with another of 180 feet 
 in length iu course of construction, when he ceased working, besides making at Smith'n 
 gully a heavy side cutting of 600 feet in Icugth, with log side wall ; all in the township 
 of Mansfield. 
 
 The expenditure charged in uiy account to ulst December last, on account of workn 
 under Mr. Proudfoot's charge, amounts to 9535, leaving a balance then unexpended of 
 8365, to be applied to them next season. (Sec Synopsis herewith.) 
 
 \Vhen at Mansfield making arrangements for getting these works dune, I miulc n 
 sectional measurement of tho bridge site on tho river Coulonge on this road, so as to enable 
 me to make an estimate for a bridge there, as tho want of one renders this river, which i.^ 
 four hundred feet wide and nearly six feet deep in the channel, a great obstruction to 
 travel and the extension of settlement. T beg further to refer to it in tho concluding suji- 
 gcstions as to further works. 
 
 The opening of the Eardley and Mashaui road is the lust work romuiuing to be nir.n- 
 tioned of those under appropriations of former years. 
 
 This road extends from the settlements on the Ottawa in the township of Eardley, to 
 thoac on the river Pcche iu Masham, passing through the notch in tho Kardley mountains 
 with very gradual ascent, behind the steamboat landing of Rocky Point. It is tho shortc&t 
 and most favorable route into the settlement on tho upper part of tho Peche, and form? 
 part of the northerly road line traced by Messrs. Bonchette and Aylcn, to the river 
 Fiekanock. 
 
 From where the opening of it commenced in Eardley, io the river Peche, it is a little 
 over six and a half miles in length. The work on it was done by Mr. !Mongins (who 
 owns a saw mill on it,) as overseer, with a party of men hired by the day. It consisted in 
 opening out, through woods, of about three and a quarter miles of it, and elsewhere widen- 
 ing an old lumber road that in places coincided with it, to the width of Ui or 20 feet as 
 required, and the partial building of a bridge on it over McGee's ('reek, which is to be 83 
 feet in length of cord and 14 feet in height; but which was not finished owing Io the 
 formation of ice on the steep banks at it, rendering it dangerous and too difficult to be c(H)- 
 tintied late in winter. 
 
 
U«ifWIIII II t 
 
 I'.T 
 
 Thi; nppropriutioii for thin road wum nuly 9400, ufwhitih thoiu Iiun bucn cxpouded and 
 i.'lmrgcd ill my account to KIhI Dcccmbur last 987U, including Sl.M) on account of th« 
 Cliiri'ndoii mid Tliornu roud, (nc« following aynopniH), leaving 827 further ttvnilablo. 
 
 Witli II Miiull itdditioii lo it from tliu upprouriatioii of IHOI, thi.H Hun> will ho i«uftioient 
 to |)av for tlio coiupldtion of thn untiniNhcd nriagn on McQco'n ('reelt. 
 
 licsidoN tho oxponditiiro on account of the foregoing worlcH, a payment i<« oharg«d in 
 III) ueuount to VAhI December loHt of former year 'a appropriation, of 82r)l.r)0 to William 
 llo(!gii)H ovcrHCcron thflOlnrendonundThornc road. ThiawuHnot for work |)crformod under 
 my (lirection,it w»h in liquidation of hia claim for tho amount of two pay liNtN, for work done 
 on that road, referred to mo for acttlcmcnt, and for which there remained of former appro- 
 priation, the Huin of 92r>0. thi diflferenco of 9I.r)0 being truuHferrcd to the iiccount of tha 
 i'liirdley and Mofiham road aa above mentioned. 
 
 It will be observed by my accounts that with tho exception of the ten milcn let )>) 
 I'litiirai't in tho ca.st end oi the (Jatiuoau and Coulongn road, tbn workn wore performed by 
 iivorHL-erM, with partiea hired by tho month or day. 
 
 'fliiH waH done becauHu it waa preforablo for varioua roaaona, tho irrcgulur nature ui 
 the work not admitting of it.i being let properly by contract, the latoucHH in the Hcaaon not 
 atfording time for the delay of doing no, or tho work being auch aa ret|uirod tho judgment 
 of u competent overaeor cxpcrionc<>d in it. Tho wagea of the mou with proviaiona and 
 transport, gives an average of 84j cents per day'a work, which ia low on tho Ottawa. 
 
 Synopni^ ol' (.-xponditur*^ charged by A. J. lluatiell in hia aocounta rendered to iil.ik 
 heocmbor, IHOl, on account of the appropriation of 110,000 for Colonization Roada in tho 
 Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac, for loUl. 
 
 I'ayment to W. A. ilichardR> >i on account of contract on Oatineau 
 
 andCoulonge road 93,776.08 
 
 Do. on account of worka on Otter Lake road in Thorno,. , 1,047.10 
 
 Do. on account of bridgca on Gatineau and Deaort road 18G.00 
 
 Do. for advcrti.sing road works bv order of Department in Quebec 102.02 
 Do. to P. Aylen, Kaq., for occaaionally inapocting and mcaauring 
 
 works ...'. 102.00 
 
 Contingenciea and travelliag ohargea, including expenaea of rccon- 
 
 noisaance of road to River Dcaert 163.34 
 
 Remuneration to A. J. Runscll for superintendenoo of the above 
 and of other worka, under remaining appropriaiions of former 
 years 400.00 
 
 95,770.54 
 
 Total received by A. J. RuMell on account of the above 96,000.00 
 
 Do. expended as above 5,776.54 
 
 Balance in his handa by his aooount current to 3lBt Dec, 1861 . 9 228.46 
 
 Synopsia of expenditure of old appropriationa for roada in the Counties of Ottawa and 
 Fontiao, autumn 1861, by A. J. Russell. 
 
 Omlow and Matfiam Road. 
 
 Amount 9 900.00 
 
 Expenditure, three pay lists 9443.92 
 
 Proportion of remainder of B. Moore's aecottnt 327.08 
 
 Proportion of contingencies 14.00 
 
 9 786.00 
 
 Balance unexpended 1st January, 1862 9 115.00 
 
I!' * 
 
 '1 »" 
 
 tfv- 
 
 -'" \ 
 
 8 
 
 * *■ ()n^l,,v a, 1(7 Vlorcndon Front Rnnih 
 
 Amouut 81,000.00 
 
 Kxpcnditurc, 15. Moore, twn pay listy S3U4.9U 
 
 I'roportioii ol" romainilcM- of B. jMonre's account 200.81 
 
 A. Wilson'.^ riccouiif 35.65 
 
 Proportion of coiitingoncies 13. Gi'^ 
 
 $ 735.00 
 
 Halaiioc iiiKxpondod, Isl Jamiar.v, lS(i2 8 265.00 
 
 Off this lialanec — paid John (lordon,in January, 1862, for a.sijist- 
 
 inuiii oxplovinn last fall^ not in uoconnt, $5.20 8 259.80 
 
 Po)itiac Front Road. 
 
 Amount for Man.^^lield S 650.00 
 
 Do. for rnlnmot and Docp Riv.'v 250.00 
 
 S 900.00 
 
 EXI'KNDITURE. 
 
 Amount of S. Proudfoof.s account 5513.83 
 
 (!o,«t of transport of pupplies paid by A. J. Rti.sscU 8.80 
 
 Proportion of continp'fncios 12.37 
 
 535.00 
 
 i3alance une.xpendo'l un l^t January, lstj2 S 305.00 
 
 Fardle}/ auii Mashan: Road. 
 Amount H 400.00 
 
 rXPENDITl'Ri:. 
 
 Amount of F. Morgan's account.; 8360.60 
 
 Proportion of contingencies , 4.90 
 
 8371.50 
 Unexpended in payment to Tlodgins for (.'larendon and 
 
 Thorno Road per pay li«t 1.50 
 
 $ 373.00 
 
 Balance unexpended on 1st J aniiary, 1862 8 27.00 
 
 (.'/(• re)idnii and Thome Road. 
 Amount ^ 250.00 
 
 EXPENDITURE. 
 
 Paid Wm. Hodgins amount of pay list 251.60 
 
 Over expended and charged to Eard?3y and Masham road ,., 1.50 
 
RECAPITULATION OP EXPENDITURE. 
 
 Onslow and Masham road 785f00 
 
 Onsbw and Clarendon Front do 735.00 
 
 Poniiac Froni do 535.00 
 
 Eardley and Masham do 371.50 
 
 Clarendon and Thome do 251.50 
 
 Total 82,678.00 
 
 RECAPITULATION OF BALANCES ON HAND, IST JANUARY, 1862. 
 
 Onslow and Masham Road $ 115.00 
 
 Onslow and Clarendon Front do 265.00 
 
 Pontiac Front do 365.00 
 
 Eardley and Masham do 27.00 
 
 Total iiM per account current $ 772.00 
 
 Expended in January, 1802, on account of Onslow and Clart ndon road, paid John 
 Gordon «5.20. 
 
 PROPOSED WORKS. 
 
 From information heretofore acquired, and recent careful investigation, I would 
 reapectfully recommend the following as the most suitable further works for the advance- 
 ment of Colonization iu the Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac. 
 
 1st. The opening of the north road surveyed by Messrs. Bouchette and Aylen, on and 
 near the line between the Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac, northward and southward, 
 from the point where it intersects the west end of the ten miles of the (latineau and Cou- 
 longc road now nearly completed. 
 
 The bridge built over the Stag Creek, where they intersect, serves for both of these 
 roads. This north road line is laid off into lots, and by Mr. Aylen's report from .seven-eighths 
 to four-fifth? of them are lit for settlement, on the 13 J miles from Stag Crock northward to 
 the Pickanock, which, including sinuosities may bo upwards of 16 miles of road. It pas.scs 
 along the front of the township of Stanhope, now called Alleyn, recently sub-divided into 
 lots by Provincial Land Surveyor Holmes, who reports it to contain much good land, 
 especially south of the Pickanock, which agrees with what was previously known as to that 
 part. From Mr. Holmes' statements, and Provincial Surveyor O'lianly's report of explora- 
 tion of that and other townships, it would appear that by turning westward, this road line 
 could be continued at least twelve miles further inland, generally fit for settlement, south- 
 ward of Stag Creek the land on this line, as far as the 8th range of Masliani, is all suitable 
 for settlement, which with sinuosities maybe fifteen miles of road line. 
 
 This would give upward of thirty miles of .sottlcnient road in the most favorably 
 country the valley of the Catineau aiiords, besides its probable extension at the north end, 
 and the continuation westward of the Gatineau and Coulongc road, all branching from the 
 part of the latter made last season. As this extent is all, as yet, unoccupied, I consider it 
 the most advantageous and most readily available field for the formation of settlement iu 
 the territory under my charge. As timber agent, I would therefore j ' ^ the opening 
 of this road as the first object to be provided for, and that T should do, to the making 
 of it the remainder of tlie appropriation of last season, with as much of the appropriation 
 for the ensuing season as may be available for it. 
 
 To make this road as good as the best class of colonization roads in Upper Canada, 
 would require an outlay of about ^500 a mile ; some of them cost nearly ?700 a mile, 
 partly from defective original specifications and partly, in some cases, from their having 
 required going over fr«m not having been completely made at first. The accompanying 
 specification affordi a better road, for the cost, than any other that can be made. It con- 
 
10- 
 
 rM* 
 
 (•(■ijlr;il( s the l.il'ur on the iiiakiii;^ <i( a .^duiid, though narrow road bed, where the wheebt 
 run, Wilhuiit tliat, aiMitioual rartli i.s usi.'luss, either in a rugged or dry sandy country; 
 
 I; U 
 
 "!!! 
 
 1 f 
 II 
 
 and ('\cn in ehiy soil a ;:reater breadth ol' muddy surface in u poor substitute for crowning 
 tuul drainage. Tlie elearinu of a grciitcr width of road than is going to be used as such is 
 Hinii)ly wastino the money — ihat slionld bo apjilied to making a souod, dry and even carriage 
 way — in elcariuL, inml ai tlio hides, lo save tlic settlers the trouble, or to grow up again in 
 bushes, [f a road \h^ made by merely eiitting the roots and stumps close off by the surface 
 of the !.;round, in tlie roadway— instead of tlioronghly grubbing out the roots, stumps and 
 stones IVoiii nine i'eet, at lea-^t, in width of tiie eentro — the remains of the stumps will 
 always bo proirnding afterwards, ronderiug the road bad and dangerous for rapid travelling, 
 or should tho road l-e subsequently re-made, they must be then grubbed out at more cost 
 thai) if t!io trccr. v.en.' standing. In the .same manner, if narrow causeways be made of 
 jmall piece.'? of wood when a ro.nd is fir.st opened, liesides the risk of their being dragged 
 into con fusion by till drawing; i>i' beavv loads over them, and the impossibility of teams 
 passing e.ieh other on them, they remain as nuisances when the road is afterwards properly 
 made, or are thrown aside us useless, and replaced at further cost. 
 
 i'or tliese reasons, therefore, it is desirable, to avoid future loss of labor, that in open- 
 ing road.s, nine or ten feet of the centre should be thoroughly grubbed, and a sound road 
 bed made of it, and the eau.seways and bridges be made wide enough for two vehicles to 
 pass on them, ctpecially vn liv=;t class settlement roads leading to large areas for settlement, 
 and likely to bo mm-h used. 
 
 "Where it ir.iiiht be advisable to adopt an inferior description of road to that provided 
 for in the annexed specification, to mi il the requirements of economy, or for the opening 
 of branch roads of less importance, the crownine and grading, in forming the road as men- 
 tioned in the spocificati<,pn, might, with the greater part of the side hill cuttings, as to 
 width, be lei'r to be done by the settlers, and the grubbed jiart of nine feet in the ceutre 
 be merely .solidly levelled so as to be made solidly pas.sable for a loaded wagon. This is 
 the least woih that eau be done without future loss, and it would afford a rough but pss.s- 
 able road, with many bad spots in it. ))nl it would be as good as the roads are, in many ex- 
 isting settlement.;. There would be labor to add, but none thrown away on it. Such 
 work niiglit ho designated as affordini^' a second class road. 
 
 A third class road might be opened iu an inferior manner, the width of the road and 
 causeways to bo fourteen J'eet, at most ; no grubbing done ; the stumps to be cut close to 
 the ^'urfaee, and a passable track for a li,L',litly loaded wagon made throughout. 
 
 hi this ease the eaiiaeways and bridges would be the only part of the work that would 
 be of valai! in future ujaking of the road, as, till the stumps and roots become completely 
 rotten, the gridd/in;; and grading would all have to be done as if in .standing woods. 
 
 The cost of making roads of either of these descriptions depends altogether on the 
 nature of the ground and timber where they pass, and the prices of provisions and labor 
 iu the locality. As pine trees (whose stumps are expensive to grub) arc so frecjuent in 
 the Ottawa country, and so very much of the land is stony, rocky and uneven, and as the 
 great market occasioned by the lumber trade sustains the highest prices for produce and 
 labor known in the Province, the cost of making any kind of road should be very much 
 greater here than is usual elsewhere. 
 
 Iu ground of the usual ruggednesf, a road oi" the lirst (dass mentioned, made according 
 to the aceom])nnyin2; rpecifiention, woidd eo.st, as stated, SOOO a mile, causeways and bridges 
 included. 
 
 The yecond cIuhs described would co.st .S380. 
 
 The third ela: s, or ungrubbed passage for a wagon, would eo.st $300 a mile. 
 
 The bridges and causeways in the two last would be nearly equal in quality to tho.'e 
 on the fir-it, and be .serviceable when the roads were completed and enlarged to the usual 
 width. 
 
 Having made thi j long digres.vion, as it seemed to be necessary in explanation of pro- 
 posed future work, I beg to revert to ihe north road, from the Township of .Masham to the 
 Pickanock, which iDtersect,s the end of the part of the Gatineau and (?oulonge road made 
 this season, As presenting the best site for immediate settlement on the Gatineau, it ia 
 the first in importance to be opened a,-, a colonization road. But it will be sufficient to 
 open it on the scale of the second clasa road meQtioued, at a cost of about $380 a mile, 
 
leaving the completion of it to the scale of the first class mcntiuucJ, to be afterwards pcr- 
 Ibrmed, as it may, without any loss of work, fihould ito future oxtcnsion or iinportancc ar- a 
 settlement road render it desirable. 
 
 In t nncctiou with this, the opeuiuj^ of the Gatiucuu and Coulougc ruad wcatward, 
 from the part made this season, might bo contiuucd, on the above scale, to the termination 
 of the road made this season, as already mentioned, iu Thoruc, a distance of fifteen milci, 
 and thence twelve miles further. But a;i the land on the first fiftccQ mile:* is not to suit 
 able for settlement as on the north road (thou{2;h more than half of it will eventually bo 
 occupied), and as the westerly twelve miles of road liiu!, though passing through good 
 land already partly settled, has not been definitely aHccrtuincd to lead to any lonsiderablo 
 extent of good land beyond it, neither of them (thouu,li well worth opcaiiig, and meriting 
 an appropriation, should there be funds disposable) are t^o important or so immediately de- 
 sirable to be opened as the north road already mentioned, w tbc uthors that T shall next 
 specify. 
 
 • Though secondary, as a great inlet for settlemcnl, In Iho main ruad u|i the Gatineau, 
 to which 1 shall again revert, a road up the valley of the Kivor Petite Nation is the next 
 that merits attention from its immediate utility and {irobnblc ovral imiicirtiincc I'roni the 
 extent of good land it will open for settlement. 
 
 This road line commences at the existing road in the township of Kiiion. on the east 
 side of the river Petite Nation. Thirteen and a half miles of if were marked out last fall, 
 by Mr. Ledue, under my direction, as before mcutioucd, leading up tbrouoji the township 
 of Sufi'olk to its north outline. I would propose continuing thirty or thirty-five miles fur- 
 ther northward, to Lake Mouaming, a tributary ot th( River Ilougo, where, from definite 
 inforpiatiou and documents of survey in my possession, it would travcrs- a large tract of 
 arable land, of a superior quality for settlement. 
 
 On the part surveyed by Mr. Ledue, he says he loan.! "llie land, though uneven 
 generally, yet nevertheless very advantageous for settlement, the :-i)il rich and :-uitablc for 
 cultivation and the production of all kinds of crops : the wood-maple, beech, hemlock, 
 basswood, and fir of a tall growth, with very little piue ;" and in an exploratory excursion 
 northward, from the end of the road line he traced, be i'ound the soil to continue arable 
 and fit for settlement. For thirty-five miles of this line my information is from surveys 
 performed at the near and the far end if it; of tht^ middle part, the reports of lumber 
 hunters who have traversed it, are ver-. fiivorable, dcfcribin'.; lite land ai v("^cnibliu':c that 
 of Suffolk. 
 
 As this presents us witl lie site of a <^;eueral highway of i'orty or fifty miles in 
 length, from which lines of settlement may be opened along concession- branching from it, 
 right and left, as in Suffolk, with the himbcring works on the l*(!titc .\ation and the river 
 Rouge offering a considerable market for •'•in produce, and bcm: tlr..- nearest and one oT 
 the largest favorable tracts on the Ottawa, it offers an imp"itant H-.M for coIouiz;itioTi, cr-- 
 pecially for the surplus population of the adjoining seignioi s and ] .irishc. 
 
 1 would suggest that this should be opened as a fir.Nt clas.- colonization roa('. a.'' de- 
 scribed iu the accompanying specification. As labor is rather c1 aper in that locality than 
 in some others on the Ottawa, the cost might be somcv 'mt under -''aDtl a iiiile, all charges 
 included, especially as dry loam is the prevalent soil i parts. 
 
 To open the thirteen and a half miles laid out would, at the above rate, coat 86,75*^ 
 By reducing the work to levelling solidly on very dry, sandy ground, S6,00() might be 
 suflScient. 
 
 The third work I would suggest, as most urgently in. riuug attention, is the road from 
 the rear of the township of Hull to I'ricst'.s Creek and ,. township (if l>uwman nn tli'; 
 Riviere aux Lifrvres. 
 
 This line of road touches the north-west angle of Templctou, auM eoutiuucs nearly 
 along the line between Wakefield and Portland to Bowman. A small appropriation of 
 coloniiatiou road money was very advautageou:;ly expended upon it last season, by "Wm 
 Hamilton, Esq., of Cantly, in commencing to open it at the lower end. It should be con- 
 tinued at least sixteen miles further. Tt jia.'^ses through a largo tract of good land, lying 
 partly in Wakefield, Portland and Denhohn, nov; being settled, giving the moit direct ac- 
 cess to it from the City of Ottawa. It would open up most advantageously the land fit 
 or settlement betweeu the Gatineau and the lliviere aux Lievrcs, and n)i the west bank i>! 
 
12 
 
 if t- 
 
 irr 
 
 in 
 
 that river, whicli docs not, on tlii.; part of its course, extend beyond the township of Bow- 
 inan. The township ol' 13igok)W, above it, boing inferior and further up iho high range 
 between these rivers, eonics close to the hitter, in a form too rugged for settlement. 
 
 This road is essential for access to the Norwegian and German settlement now forming 
 
 in Bowman. If the encouragement of such immigrants is desirable, it would seem especi- 
 
 . ally so that a road of some kind should be aftbrdcd the first settlers of that class in this 
 
 part of the Province, wlio, IVom their ignorance of the English and French languages, 
 
 Buffer much creator inconvenience in commencing than other settlers. 
 
 As thi^ road cannot be carried very I'ar with advantage, an expenditure upon it of 
 C300 a milo, may probably bo considered sufficient, which would render an appropriation 
 of $4,800 for it desirable. But as the sum of 8500 advanced for provisions for the desti- 
 tute Norwegian and German settlers in IJowmau, and for which I hold their notes, payable 
 in labor, if so required, is chargeable to the road, but possibly may not all be recoverable, 
 it would seem desirable that the appropriation should not be less than §5,000. 
 
 The Riviere aux liievrcs affords a water communicatiun from above the falls atTJuek- 
 ingham village to the township of Bowman, but in ascending there are several portages, 
 besides rapids, whore it is ntccs.sary to tow or pole up. A i-oad up the valley of the Riviere 
 aux Lievre is very desirable, alike for the purpose of settlement and for the trafho of the lum 
 ber trade. The ro.id on cither side is passable for a cart but a few miles above the village 
 of JJuckingham. I a;ii not able to give an opinion how such a road should be carried. 
 Where the Riviere aux Lievre traverses the ridge of the Laurentides, at and near the High 
 Falls, there is much rough land, and unfavorable country above that, which would require 
 much examination to enable one to judge. 
 
 Much cf the township of Villeneuve is bad land and mountainous. The township 
 of Wells, above it, is better, with much good flat land extending up the Rivi6ro des 
 Sourds. 
 
 From where the Kiamaea joins the aux Lievres, that is, about eighty-five miles directly 
 northward from its mouth, the country, as elsewhere on the north side of the Ottawa, and 
 at that distance from it, changes from high rugged hills to a much lower undulating sur- 
 face, and is much more arable. The good lands on the upper course of the aux Lievres 
 will most probably be settled in connection with the (latineau 
 
 The lower part of the valley of the aux Jjievres, excepting near its mouth, seems much 
 less suitable lor settlement than the country east of it, drained by the Lower Blanche and 
 the Petite Nation, which is altogether on a lower level. 
 
 I would suggest that a line of colonization road should be surveyed and opened, diverg- 
 ng from the road from the steamboat landing at the village of Thurso to the river Ste. 
 Scque, and passing up through the township of Derry East, on the cast side of the Blanche, 
 where it would intersect much good land, and northward through the township of Lath- 
 bury, which is reported to be favorable for settlement. 
 
 I am not ia possession of sufTu lent iulormation to enable me to say how far this line 
 of road might with advantage be carried. Miit the laud to bo opened for settlement by 
 this line being so near the Ottawa, and counocting with so accessible a part of it, so near 
 its mouth and to the port of 3Iontreal, would .^ccm to render the survey of such a road line, 
 after careful exploration, and the opening of it for settlement, very desirable. 
 
 It is equally desirable that a line of colonization road should be explored and opened 
 from the west cud of lake Blanche in rear of Lochabcr northward, nearly along the line 
 between the townships of Berry East and Derry West, where there arc vacant, good 
 lands, superior in quality to those already settled to the southwest. This line may be car- 
 ried along the east or west side of the west branch of the Blanche, as further examinations 
 might dictate, and thence up along the line between ^'illeueuvc and Lathbury, or there- 
 abouts, into the rear of the township of Wells, wher. the land is well suited for settle- 
 ment. This road would give access to the vallej of the Riviere des Sourds, where there 
 are extensive flats of arable land, reported to be gooii, down which a branch road might 
 probably be carried with advantage to the Riviere mix Lievres. 
 
 The townships of Derry are described as containing a good deal of good land, hilly 
 but not stony, and of a doep fertile soil. Beyond the 4th range of Derry West no lands 
 were taken up last fall, nor in Derry East except where a few squatters were settling up the. 
 Blanche. 
 
18 
 
 fow- 
 ihge 
 
 iiing 
 ipeci- 
 
 this 
 ingca, 
 
 lit of 
 
 KatiuD 
 
 ■desti- 
 
 lyablo 
 
 jrable, 
 
 aud 
 
 These two lust mentioned roads would give access to the oeiircyt vacuut laudu in the 
 county of Ottawa, suitable for scttlcntent. 
 
 The settlements generally forming on the Riviere aux Lievrc, and the large amouut 
 of revenue that government has realized from the cxteu.sivo lumbering operations that have 
 for years been earried on in connection with milling cstublishmcnts at the thriving village 
 of Buckingham on that river, arc strong rcasous for opening a road up its valley, but as the 
 country on the banks of the river, to a considerable extent, prcseutH difTicultics requiring 
 careful examination, 1 am not in possession >/!' the infoniiiition ncccsHary to enable me to 
 give any opinion of value as to where such a road shoul'l be located. 
 
 I have made these suggestions and observations as presenting subjects for further 
 consideration with a view to the development of the lower part of the county of Ottawa. 
 
 Turning to a more remote part of the Ottawa country, I would in the fourth place 
 recommend as meriting an appropriation of colonization fund:? for the opening of a road up 
 the west side of the river Coulonge, to give access to a tract ol' ,uoi>d land in the west part 
 of the township of Pontefract, and between it and Black Kivor, and the building of a 
 bridge over the river Coulonge, 
 
 The township of Pontefract was surveyed lately by 31v. J. Boberttion, of Fitzroy. 
 He is a very reliable and thoroughly practical judge ol the quality of landj what he calls 
 good land is unquestionably so. Ue condemns as unsuitable for settlement that part of the 
 township lying east of tho. river Coulonge, even where it is very fine looking hardwood 
 land, it is in general too shallow in soil lor projjcr cultivation or certainty of crop in dry 
 seasons, though the demand for farm produce will doubllc;>s scon load wettlors to occupy the 
 better part of it. 
 
 The west side of the township, however, contain;; much jiood land tit for settle- 
 ment for about eleven ranges in depth, which also extends westward towards Black 
 River. 
 
 The small proportion of good land in this part of the Ottawa country, compared with 
 the great extent suitable only for lumbering, renders this tract of much value for settle- 
 ment. It is near the Ottawa, and being on the way to the extensive lumbering regions ou 
 the Coulonge and Black River, the settlers will be in the; most advantageous position for 
 obtaining good prices for their produce, and the road, so far as it may be opened, will pre- 
 sent the double advantage of being useful to the lumberers workinj; up these rivers, as 
 well as to the settlers. 
 
 I would suggest that this road should be opened from the front I'outiac road in Mans- 
 field back four miles through that township to Pontefract, aud thence about twelve miles 
 further to and along its west outline, the site to be more definitely dctermiued on survey of 
 the line — in all say sixteen miles, at $300 a mile, making it a road of the third class, as 
 regards scale of work, would require an outlay of §4,800. 
 
 The Coulonge is the first unbridgcd river in the main front ro;'d on the north side of 
 the Ottawa, above the city, and being a largo one, it is the first serious obstiicle to commu- 
 nication and to the progress of settlement. 
 
 The river Coulonge enters the Ottawa about a hundred miles above the city, and a? 
 the country at that distance is but partially settled [and only on the front, the main road 
 here is virtually a colonization road essential to the further progrcs.'i of soltlemeut, and the 
 building of a bridge over the river Coulonge is much recjuired, not only for the upward 
 travel on the Ottawa in connection with lumber trade aud the eastern tcttlcmcuts, but also 
 for the extension of settlement in the towushijis ou the main river, as well its on the tracts 
 in the rear like that just mentioned. 
 
 As already mentioned, I took the necessary sectional measurement of the river to enable 
 me to make a plan and estimate of the proposed bridge. The river is there four hundred 
 feet wide and about six feet deep in the channel, with a strong current and high steep 
 bauks and therefore quite unfordablc. The bridge recjuires to be Jive hundred aud ten 
 feet in length, and twenty four feet in height from the bottom of the channel. It should 
 have six water ways, of sixty feet wide, or five of seventy-two feet, with queen-post tret. ( ■: 
 in the latter case, or king-post tresses in the former; the cost would be ecjual in either case. 
 To give security, as the bottom is of shifting sand, the piers should be well sunk with pro- 
 jecting foundation pieces, to give breadth of bearing, and they should be sent down with a 
 good bed of fascines under them, which will prevent the eddy behind the piers and the 
 plunge of the swell in front during freshets, from undermining their foundations. 
 
14 
 
 1li 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 Including $100 for the making of the road approaching the site at the east end, the 
 appropriation should bo 83,232 ; with tho $t,800 estimated for the Pontefract road, the 
 total ibr these works would be $8,032. 
 
 A bridge is also much required on Black lliver ; at thirteen miles by tho road above 
 tho Coulonge. Black River is the last large river on the Pontiac road which terminates 
 twenty miles beyond it, at the foot of Deep River, where precipitous mountains come to tho 
 fihorc, rendering the continuing of the road along it impracticable ; it will have to be carried 
 through the valleys behind. 
 
 Though the extent of laud fit for settlement in this direction is eomparutively small, 
 it would be a mistake to suppose that the public domain is too unimportant or unprofitable 
 to justify such considerable expenditures on account of it. The land that is good is unus- 
 ually profitable to the cultivator, and much of the remainder now yields and will continue 
 to yield a larger revenue to the Crown than the sale of the lands would represent, by the 
 produce of its forests, which afford profitable employment to thousands on the spot, and 
 in the commerce it creates. 
 
 The making and improvement of tho main road up the Gatincau is the next subject 
 I would suggest as meriting attention ; not as being of less importance than the preceding 
 works mentioned, but because its claims to consideration apart from its character as a 
 colonization road are such as to merit a special parliamentary grant. 
 
 Apart from being the inlet to the lands suitable for settlement ou the banks of the 
 Gatincau and in the valleys of its many tribuUirics, it is now the main road of a numerous 
 though rather thinly scattered population who can hardly be expected, unassisted, to make 
 and maintain a road of ninety miles in length, passing fre(iucntly over very rugged unoc- 
 cupied ground, and which is much used by the traffic of a branch of trade that yields a 
 lurge profit to Government. 
 
 Besides the price of lands sold, Government must have already received upwards of 
 half a million dollars as revenue for lumber cut on the Gatincau. Lumbering was carried 
 on upon it to a large extent upwards of thirty years ago, and during the last nine years 
 alone, I collected in ground rents and duties on saw logs cut on it, 8221,909, and far from 
 being exhausted, tho annual revenue has been gradually increasing from 818,454 in 1853, 
 to 833,264 in 1861. 
 
 It would not seem unreasonable were the inhabitants of that section of country to ask 
 one year's revenue, in thirty, of the public domain, to assist them in giving access to it for 
 the purposes of trade and the extension of settlement in it. 
 
 The Gatincau road naturally presents itself in two principal divisions. The lower 
 part, from the village of Hull, opposite the city of Ottawa, up the west bank of the Gatineau 
 to Brooks's, at the Puagan Falls, in the township of Low, is thirty-five and a half miles 
 in length. For this distance the road passes generally over rich clay soil, the alluvial 
 flats of the river, with rocky ground on the spurs of the hills, which occasionally come 
 close to the river, sometimes in precipitous rocky bluffs, hemming the road in to the nar- 
 rowest practicable space along their base. 
 
 A stage runs regularly from the Ottawa to the Puagan. The land in that distance is 
 all taken up and occupied, and the road in dry weather is a good country road, and much 
 labor has been spent on parts of it by the inhabitants, but in continuous wet weather it 
 bccomct* exceedingly cut up, with the deepest possible ruts, owing to the richness of the 
 i^oil and the great traffic upon it. In many places it needs ditching and culverts, and 
 there arc some dangerous old bridges upon it, and bad rocky hills that arc serious obstacles, 
 requiring much expenditure to improve them. 
 
 A company was, I believe, formed for the macadamising of twenty-four and a half miles 
 of this road, and a survey of the line and estimate of the cost of making it a macadamised road 
 Averc made by George H. Perry, Esquire, Civil^Engiuecr, but nothing further has since 
 been done to my knowledge. 
 
 Tu a country like that north of the Ottawa, where the land tit for set i lenient is much 
 exceeded in quantity by that which is unfit for cultivation, and is so frequently to be found 
 in blocks too snjall and scattered to admit of the formation of extensive lines of settlement 
 or to warrant the opening of colonization roads to them in detail ; the improvement of main 
 roads such as this which are absolutely necessary, to give access to the interior lands gene- 
 rally, is a very certain and advantageous way of forwarding the settlement of «vich parts of 
 
u 
 
 id, the 
 |ad, the 
 
 above 
 
 linatcs 
 
 ^6 to the 
 
 I carried 
 
 |y small, 
 
 rofitable 
 
 liri unu8- 
 
 uoDtinue 
 
 by the 
 
 [pot, and 
 
 It subject 
 Ireceding 
 ptcr as a 
 
 :s of the 
 luiucrous 
 , to make 
 :ed unoc- 
 
 yields a 
 
 )wards of 
 IS carried 
 iuc years 
 I far from 
 [ in 1853, 
 
 itry to ask 
 ss to it for 
 
 rhe lower 
 ! Gutineau 
 half miles 
 e allavial 
 tally come 
 ) the uar- 
 
 listuucc is 
 md much 
 veathcr it 
 ess of the 
 rerts, and 
 obstacles, 
 
 half miles 
 iiiscd road 
 has since 
 
 t is much 
 » be found 
 settlement 
 nt of main 
 inds gene- 
 h parts of 
 
 the public lauds as arc lit for it ; especially iu such cases oa this, where the roud is the 
 highway of an extensive lumber trade, which creates a highly profitable market fur the 
 settlers and causes settlement to extend and prosper where it otherwise would not yut be 
 in existence. 
 
 This would seem to a£For<i uu argument iu favor of granting assistance to the Gatineau 
 macadamised road company, should they proceed witli their design, as it would, no doubt, 
 most powerfully forward the settlement of the Gatineau country. Uncertainty as to how 
 much of the road they may improve, renders it difficult to estimate detinitely any sum fur 
 this portion of the road, between the probable end of their works and the Puugun, where 
 improvement is certainly required, and bo provided for in a general estimate for this road, 
 in ea«e of a grant being obtained for it. An expenditure of at least $4,000 wouM (irobabl y 
 be desirable on this section, besides anything the company may be able to do. 
 
 The upper part of the Gatineau road, from the Puagan to the river Desert, is that on 
 which expenditure in completing and improving it is most urgently required, not only to 
 give access to several townships containing together much land suitable for settlement, but 
 also for the benefit of the existing settlements and the important trade of the oountry. The 
 distance is stated to be fifty-five miles. Much of it is merely a lumber track or winter 
 road, parts of it have been worked upon by the settlers, as well as the lumberers. Some colo- 
 nisation funds have been spent on other parts of it. The worst part of it, owing to natural 
 difficulty, is the first twelve miles above the Puagan. It is with much difficulty and some 
 danger that an unloaded buck board can be drawh through from the Puagan to the Indian 
 Mission Settlement at the river Desert, in the township of Maniwaki . 
 
 '''he first twelve miles, from the Puagan to the river Kazabazaa, embraces much of the 
 most expensive ground to make a road upon that can be found. It has been opened from 
 twelve to twenty feet wide. With some dry, even ground it presents steep clay hills, much 
 very rocky ground, varied with long deep miry places, where the remains of numerous 
 pine stumps that have merely been cut close by the ground, will be more expensive to 
 take out than if the trees were left standing. The opening of the road in this imperfect 
 manner and the making of some good causeways, a little side cutting, and some bridges 
 was all that the limited funds hitherto available admitted of being done on fuch parts of 
 the whole line as were worked on, and excepting partly in clearings, the ^lubbing and 
 making the road, including ditching, grading and crowning, excavation and culverts, and 
 the building and re-building of many bridges, has all to be done. 
 
 A new bridge is required on the Kazabazaa, 263 feet in length of work, and four feet 
 higher than the present imperfect old one. 
 
 The next thirteen miles to the river Pickauock, in the township of AV right, passes 
 over much more favorable ground ; the cost per mile of making it a good road will be not 
 much more than half the rate of the preceding portion. 
 
 The following nine miles from the Pickanock to Mr. Leamy's farm, at the upper out- 
 line of Wright, would cost still less on an average per mile, were it not for two consider- 
 able bridges required, for which I have taken the necessary measurements. Beyond this 
 uo work whatever has been done with colonization monies. 
 
 The next six miles reaching to the middle of the township of Bouchctte, owing to 
 there being much unfavorable rocky ground, with two considerable bridges to be built, 
 will be about twice as expensive to make as the last. 
 
 The remaining fifteen miles to the river Desert, though at present merely a narrow 
 winter road, will be much less expensive in making than the preceding, being generally 
 very favorable ground, but is all in woods till about a mile from the river Desert. 
 
 To make a fair turnpike road of the whole of this upper fifty-five miles in the manner 
 described in the annexed specification but one-third wider, would, on account of the 
 extremely unfavorable character of parts of it, probably cost about $35,772. But by care- 
 ful management in concentrating the labor on the bad and impassable parts of it, and 
 making the last fifteen miles in the smallest scale to be useful, the whole might be made 
 fairly passable for loaded wagons for about $19,448. 
 
 Tbia sum represents the smallest scale of work that Government could have performed 
 without disadvantage or considerable loss of labor; and it would be necessary that it 
 should be incurred if the settlement of the Indian township of Maniwaki, and the surveyed 
 townships opposite and above it on the east aide, containing much good land, be considered 
 
16 
 
 
 desirable. Much of the line in uuiuhubitod, cflpocially the exceedingly rooky and rugged 
 parts of it, and thuy will iicccnNurily remain ho. The upper part of Buuohotte in unooon- 
 pied, so alHO Ih Mnniwaki, excepting iit the Desert, and <t will long continue so, unleHS 
 ■tops bo taken for its survey and rialo, which is very much to be desired. 
 
 It is to be regretted that 3Iaiiiwaki, probably the best township for settlement on the 
 Oatineau, should, where good land is so Moareo, remain not only unoccupied, but a barrier 
 to the progress of spttlement in that direction. 
 
 From the rivor Desert upwards, the Oatineau road should be continued for colonixa* 
 tion purposes, on the oast side nf the river up through the townships of Kensington, 
 Auraond and Sicotto to Lake Itaskatong in the township of that name j above the river 
 Desert the west side of the (jatineau becomes less favorable for settlement than the east 
 side. Above lake .H:iskatong, crystalline limestone is said to prevail up the river 
 Baskatooshin. 
 
 The river (iatinonu drains an area of about ten thousand square miles, and is probably 
 about four hundred miles in length. Tn general, one quarter of the land in the known 
 parts of the valley of the (jatineau may be estimated as fit for settlement, in the present 
 acceptation of the expression, tliough more of it may eventually be occupied. 
 
 To describe the lands tit lor settlement, T would quote the words of Peter Aylen, 
 Esquire. His opinion is based on twenty-eight years personal acquaintance with tho 
 Gatineau country, which, in connection with his lumbering operations, he explored more 
 extensively than any other person. lie .says the lands fit for settlement "are generally 
 of an unusually rich and dur.'\blc soil, and though stony in places consists of deep loam on 
 the tables that form the hill tops, and clayey flats in the valleys, often covered with deep 
 black earth, and adniitfiiig of drainage where requiring it, poor sandy soil being of rare 
 occurrence," 
 
 As one of the causes of fertility, T would mention that I found crystalline limestone 
 the most commonly prevailing rock along the Gatineau for upwards of sixty miles below 
 the river Desert. There are farms on the Gatineau presenting upwards of two hundred 
 acres of the richest alluvial fields in front, and in rear hills of crystalline limestone, valu- 
 able alike for building and as a manure for the soil, and covered with valuable wood, pine 
 for building and hardwood for fuel. In the finest parts of Canada those advantages are 
 .seldom found together. 
 
 But the greater part of the Oatineau country, as is the case on the north side of the 
 Ottawa, generally consists of rugged, unarable hilly land with occasional .sandy plains, the 
 good lands occurring in veins, irregular tracts, and isolated spots. 
 
 It is of the utmost importance, therefore, in the projection of settlement roads, that 
 the extent and position of those I'avorable tracts, and the best means of connecting them, if 
 not already definitely ascertained, should be carefully determined by cursory exploration 
 and the road lines adapted accordingly, as any other system of projection otherwise based, 
 will be sure to end in utter failure. 
 
 As the rugged and inferior lands are generally covered with a good growth of valuable 
 timber, in the manufacture of which, much farm produce is consumed, creating a market 
 on the spot, and high prices, it is evident that the value of the remaining quarter for set- 
 tlement and cultivation is thereby very much increased. By careful selection, the extensive 
 forest regions, unfit for cultivation, might be left untouched, while continuous lines of set- 
 tlement might be formed on the intervening veins and tracts suitable for cultivation, and 
 settlers be placed where they would derive the greatest benefit from the lumber trade, 
 and at the .same time the poor and unarable regions of the Ottawa be preserved for ever in 
 their character as the greatest lumber forests in the world. 
 
 Grain, potatoes and other vegetables are successfully cultivated on larpe lumbering farms 
 at thirty and fcty miles north of the river Desert. In the settlement on the latter, fall 
 wheat is cultivated with success. 
 
 Though but remotely connected with the subject of this report, it is worthy of remark 
 that it has been well ascertained that behind the high country of the Laurentidcs, that is, 
 at from about a hundred varying to two hundred miles north of the Ottawa, the country 
 becomes lower, and that in this great depression, which is about a hundred miles in breadth, 
 and of an unascertained length from east to west, containing the upper three hundred and 
 fifty miles of the Ottawa's course, there is much land suitable for cultivation, said by those 
 
irrier 
 
 jgton, 
 river 
 
 lieeait 
 river 
 
 3bably 
 
 CDOwn 
 
 jrenent 
 
 V 
 
 17 
 
 who have viaitcd it to bo less hilly and stony that) the new townshipH on the Madawaska 
 and Oatineau. Stratified limestone is found in it at the head of luku Temiacaming and at 
 Qrand Lake, a hundred miles further cast. An these two points, and much more of this 
 northern valley are a degree south of the latitude of lake St. John on the Sagucnay, which 
 is known to have a better climate than Quebec, it is quite probable that they may poasess 
 in some degree the same advantage ; and as thousands of settlers nru living suencssiiilly in 
 Upper Saugenay, it would bo absurd to .suppose that tho same will nut ultimately bo tho 
 case on the groat waters and much more extensive field of the Upper Ottawa, facilitated us 
 it will bo by tho great reaches of inland navigation. 
 
 Tho river Desert, or more properly the settlement at \tn tiioutli, is about throe milei 
 north of tho latitude of Three Rivers, and tho south shore of lake IJaHkatong is about four 
 miles south of the latitude of Quebec. 
 
 I would now beg leave to recapitulate the works I have submitted for cousiJeratioii 
 in tho order in which they seem immediately desirable to be proceodeil with, and the ap 
 propriations that would bo reqtiisite for them, or the portions of them proposed. In doing 
 so, I would respectfully explain that I submit a relative view of a system of works that 
 would seem desirable for the most advantageous opening up of the localities most suitable 
 for settlement, and of tho probable expense of performing them at rates of co.st consider- 
 ably under that devoted to similar colonization works in Upper Caua<l:i, and which might 
 occupy several years in execution, without presuming to indicate how much or how little 
 of the Colonization funds should be at present devoted to them, were they even approved 
 of and adopted ; my sole object being to place at your disposal the result of the bcsi inror- 
 ination I have been able to accumulate, aided by my past experience in super'ntcuding such 
 works. 
 
 Rccapihdatlnn of Prnpnscd Workx. 
 
 1st. For the making of the North Road from the Pochc to tl»e Pickanock, 31 miles, 
 
 at $380, less remains of appropriation of 1S61 % 8,780 
 
 2nd. For do. of 13 J miles of Suffolk Road 0,000 
 
 3rd. For do. of 10 miles of Hull & Bowman do 5,000 
 
 4th. For do. of 10 miles of Pontefract road 4,800 
 
 and Bridge over River Coulouge 3,232 
 
 r)th. For do. of tho main road up the Oatineau to tho River Desert, 
 
 55 miles from the Puagan upwards 19,448 
 
 (Were a special Parliamentary Grant obtainable for the (rutiueau road.s, the amount 
 should not be less than $35,772 for tho part from the l^uagnn upwards, 84,000 for tho part 
 below, and $4,800 for a bridge over the Gatineau, which is Uiuch required about six miles 
 above the mouth of it.) 
 
 Further Worls proposed to\ be afterwards proaecvtrd. 
 
 The West Road in Derry or the East Road on do. or both. 
 
 The continuation of the Suffolk Road to Lake Monoming. 
 
 The building of a Bridge over Black River in Waltham. 
 
 The continuation of tho Gatineau Road towards Lake Baskatong. 
 
 But prior to that the continuation of the Gatineau and Coulouge Road. 
 
 For the position of the roads and works referred to in this report, I beg to refer to 
 the accompanying map of the Counties of Ottawa and Pontiac. In it the representation 
 of proposed roads not yet surveyed,it is only intended to indicate the locality and directi'^i; 
 of them, leaving their position to be better determined by exploration and survey. 
 
 There is great danger of avaricious people, who own laud elsewhere, taking up bnds 
 on Colonization roads as soon as it is known that they arc to be opened, to tho ob.'itructiou 
 of settlers who really want the lots. To prevent this abuse the conditions ot acvual settle- 
 ment should be promptly and rigidly enforced to tho letter, and confiscation take place with- 
 out a single day's delay, just in the same manner as has been punctually done for many 
 years with lumberers' licences iu this agency, when they failed to comply with the condi- 
 tions required of them, though they might have made many payments on their licenses pre- 
 viously, and might lose thousands of dollars by the confiscation. 
 
 It would certainly be quite as easy and at least as just to enforce contiscatiou on the 
 pretended settlers. 
 
 3 - •■ ■■ - 
 
18 
 
 For a Kimplo and sclf-actiug ttynUitn that would ooupleUly remot* tht dMlmoUon to 
 aettlcmcnt caused by j^artica taking up laadn ibr the speoulttire purpoM of wringiog hifk 
 prices out of oRtual srttlora aftei-wiu-dM. I beg to refer you to mj report on the St. MMnoe 
 Territory, tran«niittc<d in .March, 1859, containing praotical suggestioni M to thoMiU and 
 •ettlemcDt ol' the waste lar.d» of the Provinoe, ana the better aajuatment of tli«riglitt of 
 settlers and lumbercr.i, exhibiting a syntem whereby Uoda coald do sold tO MtuaL wttlen 
 at a merely romina! price without any loss of rerenue therefiroiu to the Crown. 
 
 I hare the honor to be, reapeetflilly, 
 Sir, 
 Your ▼•17 ob«cU«it Mcvant, 
 
 A. J. 
 
 SPECinCATION 
 
 Of the roanncr in which the Coloniution Road fVom th» P«ugao Palle, OftUttMa^ !• tii* 
 
 Rirer Conlonge, if to be made. 
 
 1. It is to bu made on the site of it traced in the field, excepting wliero olliMiriie 
 pointed out by the Superintendent, or person in charge. It is to be cleared to tha iridth 
 of 24 feet. 
 
 2. It is to be formed to the width of 16 feet; all roots, stomps, and atonea are to be 
 grabbed out 10 feet in width iu the centre, which is to be solidly levelled up, and in 
 dry gvound evenly crowned with hard earth to the height of * inches in the centre, above 
 the sidea of the road. All roots, stumps, vegetable matter, stones, and timber, and other 
 rubbish to be thrown 4 feet back from the edge of the ^16 feet) road. All stumps in the 
 sides of the road, that is 3 feet 00 each side of the gruboing, to be cut down even with the 
 surface of the road when made. No crowning to be done till all the grubbing has been 
 performed and inspected. 
 
 3. In moist or loamy ground, as pointed out by the Superintendent or person in charge* 
 the centre of the road is to be crowned to the height of 18 inches above the sides, which 
 arc to bo formed into continuous water-tables, so as to take off all the water. They may 
 be crooked outside of ihc 16 feet to avoid stumps or other obstacles. Or where required 
 by the person iu chnrge, a ditch 3 feet wide and 2 feet deep, is to be sunk along the upper 
 side, outside of the 16 feet, in addition to the crowning mentioned in the second clause ; 
 the earth from the ditch to be used in evenly crowning the centre, excepting where it ia 
 black earth or vc^'etable matter, which is not to be used in crowning. 
 
 4. Culverts, with sufficient discharge drains, are to be made in ul hollows where watar 
 may at any time paea, or where pointed out by the Superintendent ; the water<ways to b« 
 at least 15 inches wide, and 10 inches high, in the elear under— greater if required. Tkej 
 arc to be made of cedar if it can be had, otherwise of black ash or pine flatted; to be not 
 less than 5 inches thick, the pieces to be 16 feet in length. The covering to be supported 
 by four cross pieces dovetailed into, and securely pinned to the side pieces. The top of 
 the covering to be lower than the road, and well secured by pioces pinned across the ends. 
 
 5. Such small bridges as may be required, are to be built of the same deacription ol' 
 timber as the culverts throughout ; the covering to be of the same dimensions^ reattng on 
 four stringers, 1 foot in least diameter, supported by, and aaeurely pinned to aubstantial 
 side-logs, of a height sufficient to give free passage for the water at highest flood ; or on 
 abutments of round logs of the same description of timber, laid in tiers of four each way, 
 10 inches in least diameter, slightly notched upon each other, and securely pinned at the 
 comers. Larger bridges to be built in the same manner and of the same dimenaions and 
 descriptions of timber excepting that the stringers for water-ways of 20 feet are to ba not 
 less 9 inches bread by 14 deep or round cedar peeled not less than 13 inohea thick may be 
 
 * NoTE.^Economj is e.Tect«d by making the crowning only six iaeheionTery diygroaad^wlikh 
 merely provides ground levelling) when the nature of the gronad and other eirCaoMteaeM adailt of 
 •ucb being marked nod provided for in contracting, or where work iedone by askUftil ovaMaer asd a 
 select party trhich, in difficolt ground, ii the beet way of obtaioiag the beat result fh>m limited fluis. 
 
Mtion to 
 
 uumM 
 m1« lad 
 vifhto of 
 'nttlm 
 
 |m«4 te til* 
 
 oIlionriM 
 tlio iridUi 
 
 |ie» aro lo be 
 up, Md IB 
 feDtre, abore 
 and other 
 umps in the 
 ven with the 
 ng haa been 
 
 ion in charge, 
 sidee, which 
 They maj 
 lere required 
 ng the upper 
 icond dauae ; 
 ig where it ia 
 
 where wator 
 sr>waya to b« 
 uired. They 
 )d ; to be not 
 be supported 
 The top of 
 OBS the endfl. 
 eacription of 
 s^ reating on 
 :o aubstantial 
 flood; or on 
 ttr each way, 
 inned at the 
 lenaiona and 
 ire to be not 
 (hiok may be 
 
 {roand ^wUeh 
 aaeea adoilt of 
 9v«ine«ra»da 
 United fittia. 
 
 If 
 
 wed — with handnule 4 feet hish ; the poita and caps of which are to bo G iuchcj dquant 
 with braoM 4 inches aquaro and 3 feet long securely shouldered in nnd spiked to the posts 
 and vrojeoting pieces of the flooringeyery fO feot. The flooring to be of 4 inches thick pine 
 plaoUy or hewn oedar 5 inches thick, 18 feet in length, the projecting pieces to be inches 
 thiek and 23 feet long boxed on the stringers. A uindcr 8 inches by 4 tu bo trccnuilsd 
 down on each side to retain the flooring. The posts of tho handrails to bo tccnonod with 
 it as well as the cap above and well spiked. Tne abutincnts and picrn to be loaded with 
 atone to the depth of 2 feet laid on a flooring of sound round lo;;9 8 inches in Icasit thick- 
 DSfs. The approaches to bridges to bo raised so as not to bo flooded in high water, nnd all 
 materials to be at all times subject to the inspection and approval of the supciintcndent or 
 peraon k ithoriied by him. Chips, logt and rubbish, which might oonimunicatc fire, to bi- 
 rauorad a rod back all round bridges, and from the ends of causeways, and logging up 
 aide hills. 
 
 6. The water to be thoroughly drawn away from wator-tnblcs or bidc-ditchcfl, by off- 
 take drains, 3 feet wide and 2 feet deep ; or larger, if required to pa<:3 tho water when 
 greatest 
 
 7. All swamps or boggy places to be oauscwaycd or fu^tcincd. Causeways aro to be 
 Mvenly and closely laid, and hewn level on lop and solidly bedded on the ground, — thi* 
 stvmpa being first out below the surface, unless where stringers are necessary to f;ivo elo~ 
 rations over water. Stringers to bo at least one foot thick and four to the width of the 
 road. The pieces to be of sound wood, 16 feet in length, and S inches at loaut in diameter, 
 -'Of eedar, where it can be had. Nine feet at least, in width, in the centro to be evenly 
 eOTered, 3 inches in depth, over the highest logn, with earth from the side ditches, which 
 are to be 8 feet wide and 2 feet deep, on one or both sides it' required to draw off tho water; 
 otherwise, tho earth to be obtained olsewhorc. Where it may be found move suitable, (or 
 be speoially required at the time of letting the work,) in swampy ground, the otumps aro 
 to be cut even with the surface, IG feet in width ; tho centre evenly raised G inches, — the 
 whole to be then covered with softwood brush and small trees, the tops towards and over 
 the middle, to tho depth of one foot in the centre, when comprcss'.pd, and G inches at tho 
 sides. The surface to be closed with 3 inches of swamp earth, with S inches of hard earth 
 over 9 feet in width of the centre, diminishing to 1 inches at the sidca of the road, which 
 may be made up with any earth obtainable. Causeways and f<i.scining, aud the grubbing 
 previous to crowning, not to be covered up till inspected and approved of. 
 
 8. On steep sidelong hills the road is to bo cut lower on tho in?ide, and to bo 12 feet 
 wide; besides a ditch near the cutting, 18 inches wide and a foot deep. Tho face of all 
 euttinga to have slope back of one foot, for every one in height. Tho outside to bo built 
 up solidly, with stones, or sound timber not less than 10 inches at the small cud, with 
 0roea-tiefl every 7 feet. Or the side may be made up with a layer of soft wood brush, laid 
 tops out, for every six inches of earth. 
 
 9. In forming the road, tho earth is to be worked from the heights into the hollows ; 
 attd banks and ridges, where more excavation is not specified, are to bo cut down 2 feet, if 
 aceeaaary, to equalize the road. In deeper cuttings, the roadway may be only 12 feet wide. 
 In passing among rocks, or in very rocky ground, a passage of 10 feet in width will be 
 tttSeient, the points of the rock to be broken down, and the spaces between them r,olidly 
 built m> with stones, and the whole crowned with hard earth. 
 
 10. In descending hills, the water to be turned off every 50 or 150 yards, accordiug 
 to the ateepness, and at the head of all cuttings. 
 
 11. No earth work done later than 31st October will be acoeptod or paid for thw 
 season. 
 
 12. All trees that fall on the road till finally received, to be cleared ctU, as well ae 
 any overhanging or other timber, or trecii that may bo considered likely to full into tho 
 road. 
 
 18. If the work be not commenced within 10 days after the day on which it is lot, or 
 should it be abandoned for 10 days, without sufficient reason being as.signed to the satisfac- 
 tion of the superintendent, or should the] contractor, or any person employed by liiui, r»'fuse 
 to comply with the instructions of the superintendent, or person employed by him to 
 otenee the work, the superintendent will be at liberty to annul the contract, or cmplo}r 
 men to do the work at the rontrsctor'p rxpensfi : and should thero be less than six men 
 
eniploycfl for every milo coiUriiotcd tor, the huporiutciidcnt will he at liberty to mako up 
 the number, by employing men iit the cxpenHe of the contractor, Nhould he hco fit. 
 
 14. No work to be sub-lot without the consent of the supflrintundont. 
 
 15. The work to bf completed bclbro the 1st November, ISOl ; but Hhould more than 
 one half of it remuin to bo done on the 10th October, 1861, the HUperintcndent mny then 
 employ men iit the confractor'.s expense to eomplctc it. 
 
 10. Persons iibandoninpj their work will forfeit the work performed. 
 
 17. One-third of the priee will be paid when one-half of the work is done, and the 
 remainder when it i^ eompleted and accepted; but the eontructor'n Mccuritica are to receive 
 the balance <h\c, or any part of it that the .superintendent may consider them entitled to, 
 nhould they be obliged to complete the work, or any part of it. 
 
 IS. The contractor is to give the best aecomrnuUiition in his power to the .sunerinteu- 
 dcnt, or person njjpointcd to oversee the work ; MUch accommodation to be paid for nt 
 a reasonable rate. 
 
 The C'onnniBsioncr of Crown Lands will not consider it neccHsary to accept the lowcHt 
 tender, nor to let the full extent of work ndvcrti^cc^. should lie find the rntcH proposed too 
 high. 
 
lo up 
 
 I ' ' * 
 
 than 
 
 thra 
 
 the 
 
 Iccivo 
 d to,. 
 
 I lite n- 
 ror nt 
 
 lowcHt 
 led too 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 WORKS UNDER APPROPRIATION FOR 1861. 
 
 Ontiucftu tu(l Cciulnnge Rnnd, work I'erformcH 1 
 
 Dcicrlption of Country upon it, Ac , J 
 
 Tbonie RnmJ, work performed .1 
 
 Qatlneau and Desert Rotd, do i 
 
 Suffolk lload Burvey 4 
 
 Workn nmUr AjijimpruitinnK /or /ormrr Yr.ar». 
 
 Oailow tad Mtebam Knad, Work performed 4 
 
 Front Pootiac Road— lower part— do. ft 
 
 do. do. — upper pari — do. fl 
 
 Eardlejr and Maahain Koadj, do. A 
 
 SynopilB of Expenditure uuder ApprupriatlonR of 1801 , t 
 
 do. do. do. of fnrnior yearN ,, , 7 
 
 Pi'oposfd fuflhcr Works. 
 
 Oponinf; of North Road line from Maxbam to the Piukauock — Deaciiptiou nf liuer, and laud thereon 9 
 Description of differeut clashes of Road work applicable to Colonizatiou Roads, with remarks on 
 
 Road-making 
 
 Estimated Cost of each Class of Road work described 10 
 
 North Road to Pickanock resumed It 
 
 Suffolk Road, in Valley of R. Petite Nation — favorable chaructorttf the line for Colonization, tc... 11 
 
 Opening of Road, Hull on the Oatineau to Bowman on ihe R. aux Liuvrei II 
 
 Charaotor of Country on R. aux Li^vres 13 
 
 Do. on Lower R., Blanche, and proposed Roads to open good lands in Derry, <tc 12 
 
 Proposed Road in Pontefract, between Coulongo and Black River, doscripUon[of land IS 
 
 Proposed Bridge over River Coulongo 1.3 
 
 Proposed completion of main Oatineau Road to tcio River DoHort, — importance of it,— groat 
 
 r .enue from the River Oatineau 14 
 
 Descuption of this Read by Sections, and ojtimatcd cost of making it 14 
 
 Proposed continuation of it for Scttlcmont 16 
 
 Description of Uutineau Country as a field for Settlement lA 
 
 Of the Great Northern Valley of the Upper Ottawa behind it, OS do. do 16 
 
 Recapitulation of proposed further Works IT 
 
 The evil of Speculators taking up land to the obstruction of Settlement, and remedy referred to... 17 
 
 Printed form of Road bpeoiflcatiou and Map of Ottawa asd Poutiao herewith. 
 
 IS