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 REMARKS 
 
 O N T H E 
 
 CONDUCT 
 
 O F 
 
 OPPOSITION 
 
 WITH REGARD TO AMERICA; 
 
 SHEWING THSIR. 
 
 INCONSISTENCY, 
 
 B Y A 
 
 SHORT REVIEW OF THEIR OWN MEASURES. 
 
 
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 4 
 
 ** Quid a majoribus defenfum eft aliud qvizm Liierfas : neu 
 ** cui nlCi Le^ibus pareremus ! 
 
 ^' Prxclara proIss« geniti ad ea^ quae majores virtute pepe« 
 ** rere, fubvertunda,'* v-^ 
 
 LONDON:^ ^^^ * 
 Printed for T. C a d e l l, in the Strand. 
 MDCCLXXVII. / 
 
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 A SHORT 
 
 ENQUIRY. &<:. 
 
 
 ^ . V 
 
 44 . ,. 
 
 TH E variety of meafares adopted by 
 the bppolition with regard to 
 America, accompanied by profeffions of 
 the moft' rigid Confiftency, induces me 
 to lay before the Public a (hort Chrono- 
 logical Hiftory of their conduct. My edu- 
 cation gave my mind an early bent to 
 Truth; and I have ever been taught to 
 believe, that in Politics, as well as in 
 every other Science, Truth is uniform. ; 
 
 lo fivij'i 
 
 I can- 
 
 
 arlT 
 
H l-W"»7|lJ|)i — -—^ 
 
 • ) 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ^ I cannot patiently hear one fett of men 
 N. arraigned for Inconliftency and Irrefolu- 
 tibn, who have perfevered in maintaining 
 the dignity gf the Empire, by a motley 
 Party, who have told us formerly we had 
 the right to tax America ; who have even 
 aflifted in the exercife of that right ; yet 
 now aflert, in vehement Declamation, that 
 Taxation is Tyranny, or at beft derived 
 from a power which never fhould be ufed ; 
 that it is one of the Arcana Imferii which 
 ihould not be prycd into. In vain you con- 
 tradict their doj^fij^e ^s P^triots^ by their 
 former pradice as Mir)i|lers -, they have 
 adopted the plan of Procruftes ; they catch 
 you every way. Th^ greater part oppofe 
 the Peclaratory A^ to every accufation of 
 weak Indujgj^nce to one Country, and the 
 repeal of the Stamp Adt, to every idea of 
 affording benefit to tl^e other. 
 
 The 
 
 ( I 
 
( 3 ) 
 
 The Americans were forely difappointed 
 In the Adminiftration of thofe from whom 
 they had received the warmeft protefta- 
 tions of friendfhip. This Miniftry efta- 
 bliflied upon a permanent and fure foun- 
 dation the right of Taxation, which 
 might otherwife have been problematical ; 
 a meafure which ferved only to irritate Ame- 
 rica, without acquiring any contribution to 
 this Country. We are obliged to revert to a 
 diftant Century, before we can find an ex- 
 ample in Hiftory to warrant fuch a caprici- 
 ous proceeding : not before the reign of H. 
 Vlli can we find any Adminiftration go- 
 verned by the fame Inconfiftency. He al- 
 ternately orders his fubjedts at one time to 
 rejea:, at another to acknowledge, the pre- 
 cepts and dodrines of the Romifh Church. 
 Enforcing obedience to the dodrinc, and 
 
! 
 
 li 
 
 . ( 4 ) 
 
 not to the luprcmacy, was not more in- 
 confident with the mandates of the Catho- 
 lic Religion, than inculcating Supremacy 
 without exadting obedience, was weak and 
 ridiculous in American Politics. It is no 
 longer a time to agitate the queftion, whe- 
 ther we have the right of Taxation, or 
 whether that right (hould be exercifed ? 
 
 This fubjedt is worn out ; the venom of 
 political Writers and Orators is exhaufted 
 upon it 5 I fhall not enter upon fo trite 
 a topic : it is enough for my purpofe, if I 
 can Ihew, that the declarations and condud 
 of the Oppofition, whilft in power, were 
 but little dijfferent from thofe they now 
 condemn, and they that trod the path of 
 the prefent Adminiftration. — But adivity 
 and ability will throw a luftre upon pub- 
 lic meafures, the effeds of which a^re loft , 
 
 -f^^if- , lit 
 
 .*^ 
 
 \ 1 
 
( 5 ) 
 
 in indolence and fupinenefs. The fatal 
 period in which the Stamp Adt was un- 
 happily, repealed muft be univerfally re- 
 membered *. This Aft was 6 Geo. III. 
 c. II. It fets forth, that the continuance 
 of the Adt for granting Stamp-Duties to- 
 wards defraying the expences of the Co- 
 lonies, would be attended with many in- 
 conveniencies, and might be produdlivc 
 of confequences greatly detrimental to the 
 commercial interefls of thcfe kingdoms. 
 When this pafTed the Houfe of Commons, 
 there were 1 67 Members in the Minority, 
 a far greater number than it ever amounts 
 to in thefe times upon the mofl popular 
 queftion, and even above double the num- 
 ber of the prefent Oppofition upon an A- 
 
 * Lord Rockingham was Firft Lord of the Trea- 
 fury, the Duke of Grafton and Mr. Conway Secre- 
 taries of State. 
 
 3 merican 
 
wr 
 
 i* 
 
 V 
 
 ( ,« ) 
 
 merican q^ueftion. In the Houfe of Lords^ 
 the Not Contents were 7 1 . Even the Pro- 
 teft fet forth, ** That the law which this 
 Bill was to repeal paffed in the other Houfe 
 with very little oppofitionj and in that 
 without one diflentient voice, which 
 could not have happened, if it bad been 
 wholly ^d fundamentally wrong : that 
 repealing fuch law would ever after make 
 the authority of Great Britain contemp- 
 tible ; that the ability of the North Ame- 
 rican Colonies to contribute their propor- 
 tion of taxes was unqueflionable, by the 
 fpeedy difcharge of their debts con traded 
 during the war : that by a Letter to Mr. 
 Conway, dated Odlober 12, 1765, it is 
 affirmed, That the People in general are 
 averfe to taxes of any kind ; and that the 
 Merchants think they have a right to every 
 
 freedom 
 
freedom of trade which the fubjeds of 
 Great Britain now enjoy ; and that the re- 
 peal of this law will certainly produce one 
 of thefe two confequences : either that it will 
 in effeft annul and abrogate all other laws 
 and ftatutes relating to our Colonies, and 
 particularly the A^ls that reflrain or limit 
 
 f * . • '^ % 
 
 their Coihmerce, of which they are inoft 
 impatient ; or ifwejhould hereafter attempt 
 to enforce the execution of thofe laivs dgiiinfi 
 their will, and by virtue of an authority 
 which they have dared to infult with im- 
 punity and fuccefs, that endeavour will 
 bring upon us all thofe evils and inconve- 
 niencies, to the fear of which we now fa- 
 crifice the fovereignty of the realm j and 
 this at a time when the ftrength of our 
 Colonies, as well as the defire of a total 
 independence on the Legiflature and Go- 
 
 vernment 
 
nm 
 
 I ! 
 
 \i 
 
 ; 
 
 I ( 
 
 I 
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 vcrnment of their Mother Country may be 
 greatly augmented ; and when the circum- 
 ilances and difpofitions of the other Pow- 
 ers of Europe may render the contefl far 
 more dangerous and formidable to this 
 Kingdom." 
 
 ;, J 
 
 After this wife and provident Proteft, 
 after the fecond, and before the third read- 
 ing of this Bill, the Declaratory Bill in 
 the fame week palled the Houfe of Lords. 
 Whether the Minifters forefaw the Op- 
 ,pofition to the repeal would bp too ilrong 
 without the latter Bill ; whether it pafled 
 by compulfioD or inclination, in my mind 
 makes li*tle difference. If they really 
 
 thought America Should not be taxed, 
 they did not a<5t like Minifters : that pro- 
 ivas weak and ridiculous, which 
 
 >u-:i 
 
 laid 
 
 ) 
 
 ^ 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 laid the fure foundation of future Taxa- 
 tion, of future Rebellion ; it was treach- 
 erous to America. If they pafTed this Bill, 
 
 which eftablifhed the right, in order to 
 pleafe the Majority of the Legiflaturc, 
 they did not behave like men ; they fub^ 
 mitted to adt in diredt contradiction to 
 their own views and their own principles : 
 they gave up every pretenfion of honefty 
 to Hypocrify and Fallacy ; whilft they en* 
 forced a melancholy example in this Coun- 
 try, that temporifing matters is ultimately 
 produdkive of more difficulties, and that 
 deceiving all parties is the fure method to 
 pleafe none. 
 
 By the Stamp Ad: the feeds of difcontent 
 
 were fown; but the Declaratory Law which 
 
 . accompanied the Repeal of that A^, gave 
 
 C them 
 
: ') 
 
 ( «o ) 
 
 them foot and vigour, and has at Icngtl^ 
 produced a full harveft of political confu- 
 fion. — This is the grand fpnng which has 
 given force and motion to the whole 
 Machine. — This Declaration is not like 
 thofe Ads which may be made to-day 
 and repealed to-morrow. — It is like Mag- 
 na Charta, or the Bill of Rights, a Fun- 
 damental Law. It is a legiflative eftablifh- 
 ment of a conftitutional principle ; and is 
 therefore a Law which no future Legifla- 
 ture, that profeifes a regard for the Co- 
 ftitution, can annul. I know it will bci 
 faid. That this declarative law has no ac- 
 tive force, and therefore in itfelf can 
 have no ill efFed ^ that it was only fram- 
 ed to preferve the national Honour, by 
 fliewing that the repeal of the Stamp Ad 
 was the refult of Indulgence, and not of 
 
 Fear : 
 
( " ) 
 
 Fear. It was very ill fuited to fuch a pur- 
 pofe. Public as well as private favours 
 ihould ever be conferred with Dignity and 
 Liberality. True Dignity threatens not 
 thofe it pardonst Liberality makes no 
 boail of its favours. Almoft ufelefs ar.d 
 inadivc, indeed, this Adt remained in the 
 hands of a feeble Adminiftration : they 
 were well contented the fword ihould 
 fleep in the fcabbard, which they wanted 
 fpirit to mifheath and wifdom to direift, 
 Difcerning men forefaw, public-fpirited 
 men wifhed it might be wielded by more 
 daring hands. Nor have their expedations 
 been difappointed ; for in truth every fub- 
 fequent meafure of every fubfequcnt Ad- 
 miniftration may, from this law, chal- 
 lenge privilege, and claim protection. 
 
 C 2 
 
 This 
 
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 ( 12 ) 
 
 This Bill is 6 Geo. III. c. 12. entitled^ 
 *' An Adl for the better fccuring the De- 
 pendency of his Majefty's Dominions in 
 America upon the Crown and Parliament 
 of Great Britain -,'* the preamble and fub- 
 ftance are as follow: *' Whereas feveral 
 of the Houfes of Reprefentatives in his 
 Majefty's Colonies and Plantations in A- 
 merica have of late, againft law, claim- 
 ed to themfelves, or to the General Af- 
 femblies of the fame, the fole and ex- 
 clufive right of impofing duties and taxes 
 tipon his Majefty's fubjedts in the faid Co- 
 lonies and Plantations 5 and have, in pur- 
 fuance of fuch claim, pafled certain Votes, 
 Refolutions and Orders, derogatory to the 
 Legiflative Authority of Parliament, and 
 inconfiflent with the Dependency of the 
 faid Colonies and Plantations upon the 
 
 Crown 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 
( 13 ) 
 
 Crown of Great Britain : May it therefore 
 pkafe your moft excellent Majefty, that it 
 may be declared j and be it declared by the 
 King's Moft Excellent Majefty, and by 
 and with the confent of the Lords Spiri- 
 tual and Temporal, and Commons in this 
 prefent Parliament aiTembled, and by the 
 authority of the fame, that the faid Colo- 
 nies and Plantations in America have been, 
 are, and of right ought to be fubordinate 
 unto, and dependant upon the Imperial 
 Crown and Parliament of Great Britain ; and 
 that the King's Majefty, by and with the ad- 
 vice and the confent of the Lords Spiritual 
 and Temporal, and Commons of Great Bri- 
 tain in Parliament affembled, had, hath, 
 and of right ought to have, full power 
 and authority to make Laws and Statutes 
 of fufficient force and validity to bind the 
 
 Colonies 
 
Hill 
 
 III- 
 
 ( 14 j 
 
 Colonies and People of America, fubjcds 
 to the Crown of Great Britain^ in allcafe^ 
 
 whatibever." 
 
 ■ - -( ' , . ... , 
 
 The next A6t pafled nnder this Admi- 
 niftration, was 6 Geo. ill. c. 52. in- 
 titled, " An Ad for repealing certain du- 
 ties in the Britiih Colonies and Plantations^ 
 granted by feveral Ads of Parliament; 
 and alfo the duties impofed by an Ad 
 made in the laft Seffion of Parliament upon 
 certain Eaft India goods exported from 
 Great Britain ; for granting other duties 
 inftead thereof; and for further encour^- 
 ing, regulating, and fecuring feveral 
 branches of the trade of this Kingdom, 
 and the Britifh Dominions in America." 
 
 The inconfiftency of the Rockingham 
 Adminiftration plainly appears in this Ad 
 
 bf 
 
 \ f 
 
 
( IS ) 
 
 I 
 
 of Parliament. It is declared in a Refolu- 
 tion of the Congrefs, to be an infringe- 
 jncnt and violation of the rights of the Co- 
 lonics, and that the repeal of it is effen- 
 tially neceffary, in order to reftore harmo- 
 ny between Great Britain and the Ameri- 
 can Colonies. Let us trace the grounds 
 of the refentment evident in this Refolu- 
 tion in the treacherous conduct of this 
 Miniftry. They furrendered the tax ; next 
 they go back to declare the right ; then 
 they come fprward again to eftablifh the 
 fadt. They pretended to iland forth to 
 favc the virtue of America from the Ra- 
 yifher, that, under a falfe promife of ho- 
 nourable accommodation, they might 
 ^hemfelves deflower her Virgin Charms. 
 
 The other Adts complained of by the 
 pongrefs paifed under another Admiftra- 
 
 tion; 
 

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 m 
 
 *' ■ n 
 
 If 
 
 II 
 
 1 I 
 
 ( i6 ) 
 
 tion*; and it is very remarkable, that 
 the firfl Refolution, with regard to the 
 Ads of Parliament, extends down only 
 to the very Ads which pafTed under the 
 different Adminiftrations who now declaim 
 fo violently againft the expediency, or 
 againft the Right of Taxation, It would 
 feem as if the Americans hung them out 
 piirpofcly againft their infidious Friends. 
 
 The Refolution of the Congrefs is,** Nt" 
 mine Contradicente, That thcfe Ads of Par- 
 liament are infringements and violations of 
 the Rights ofColonifts; and that the repeal 
 of them is efTentially neceffary, in order 
 
 * Duke of Grafton, FJrft Lord of the Txeafury; 
 Lord Chatham, Privy Seal ; Lord Camden, Chan- 
 cellor i Lord Shelburn and Mr. Conway, Secretaries 
 of State. \ - / ..■.':;;■' ':-'\ i.^ vi 
 
 '■■': ' : ta 
 
 \\ 
 
( i7 ) 
 
 to rfeftore harmony between Great Britain 
 ttnd the American Colonies ; that they im- 
 pofe duties for the purpofe of raifing a 
 Revenue in America, extend the powers 
 of the Admiralty Courts beyond their an-* 
 cient limits, deprive the American Sub- 
 jedl of Trial by Jury, authorifc the Judges 
 certificate to indemnify the profecutoi* 
 from damages that he might othcrwife 
 be liable to, requiring opprefTive fecurity 
 from a claimant of (hips and goods feized^ 
 before he (hall be allowed to defend his 
 property, and are fubverfive of American 
 Rights* 
 
 *rhe remainder of the Ads complained 
 of by this Refolution, are^ 7 G. 3. c. 41. 
 an A£t to enable his Majefty to put the 
 cuftoms and other duties in the Britifh 
 pominions in America, and the execution 
 
 D of 
 
Ill, 
 
 i ' I 
 
 
 !i,! 
 
 !'ii 
 
 I'l 
 
 I.I 
 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 of the Laws relating to Trade there, un- 
 
 der the 
 
 to 
 
 management of Comm'flioncrs 
 be appointed for that purpofe, and to be re- 
 iident in the faid dominionsj — 7 G. 3. c. 
 46. an A(ft for granting certain duties in 
 the Britifh Colonies and Plantations in 
 America ; for allowing a drawback of the 
 duties of cufloms upon the exportation 
 from thib Kingdom of coffee and cocoa 
 nuts, of the produce of the faid Colonies 
 or Plantations; for difcontinuing the draw- 
 backs payable on china, earthen ware^ ex- 
 ported to America ; and for the more effec- 
 tually preventing the clandeftine running 
 of goods in the faid Colonies and Planta- 
 tions ', and 8 Geo. III. c. 22. an Adt for 
 the m.ore eafy and effedual recovery of the 
 penalties and forfeitures inflidled by the 
 Ads of Parliament relatin? to the trade 
 
 mg 
 
 and 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
( 19 ) 
 
 and revenues of the Britifli Colonies and 
 Plantations in North America. 
 
 ?< 
 King's Speech, March lo, 1768. 
 
 " The welfare of all my Subjedls is my 
 
 * firft objedl ; nothing, therefore, has ever 
 ' given me more real concern, than to 
 ' fee any of them, in any part of my 
 
 * Dominions, attempting to loofen thofc 
 
 * bonds of conftitutional fubordination 
 
 * fo effential to the welfare of the whole. 
 
 * But it is with much fatisfadtion that I 
 ' now fee them returning to a more jufl 
 
 * fenfe of what their own intereft, no 
 ' lefs than their duty, indifpeniibly re- 
 
 * quires of them ; and thereby giving me 
 
 * the profpedt of continuing to reign over 
 ^ an happy, becaufe an united People/* 
 
 D z 
 
 Addrefa 
 
r 
 
 it 
 
 ill 
 
 k ! 
 
 
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 ; 
 
 ( *9 ) 
 
 Addres^ of Both HoiTSEs ^ Parua- 
 
 MENT, May 13, 1768," .: -^ 
 
 " Permit us to afTure yourMajefly of our 
 ^* ready concurrence in every meafure that 
 " may contribute to enable your Majefty 
 ** moit efFecUially to maintain the public 
 " authority, and carry the Laws into due 
 ** execution y and o^ our determined re- 
 *? folution, mofl: chearfully and vigorouf- 
 ** ly to fupport your Majefty againft 
 <* every attempt to create difficulty or 
 ** dillurbance of your Majefty's Go- 
 ^' vernment." 
 
 Some of thefe former Minifters defend 
 themfelves, by %ing, ** We voted againfl 
 
 *' thefe meafurcs in the Cabinet. "I anfwer. 
 Why did they lend their mercenary names 
 to meafures they affirm they deteft \ 
 
 Why 
 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 
■^ 
 
 ( *I ) 
 
 Why did they, for the fake of retaining 
 lucrative Places, adopt doctrines they 
 «ow alTert with vehemence to be deroga- 
 tory from the Liberty of the Subjedt, and 
 to be fubverfive of our Conftitution ? Alas I 
 Is this Patriotifm ? 
 
 'i-j 
 
 Thefe men had long lighed for the fa- 
 vours of the Public, as much as for thofc 
 of a miftrefs -, their wifhes were at length 
 gratified. Sated with enjoyment, like the 
 hateful huiband who connives at his own 
 
 difgrace, and even carefTes the adulterer, 
 they gave falfe credit to the fpurious off- 
 fpring, and were the contented venders 
 pf theif own infamy. 
 
 les 
 
 / It is always fuppofed, that the King's 
 Speech is the Speech of the Miniflers; 
 
 and 
 
iiii 
 
 la! 
 
 I 
 
 
 [■>i\ ii 
 
 ( « ) 
 
 '* and that it contains the fentiments of the 
 " Leading Men in the Cabineti^ Novem- 
 ** ber 8, 1768, we find the following 
 ** Speech, which breathes the fame deter- 
 " mination to preferve the Dignity of this 
 " Country, the fpirit to punifh Fadlion and 
 " Rebellion, which infpires the prefent 
 *' jneafures ; tempered with that univerfal 
 " benevolence, that affedionand companion 
 ** for deluded Subjedts, which evidently ap- 
 " pears in the Commiffion of Lord Howe. 
 *' I mention this, in honour of the two 
 " Leading Men * in Council, when this 
 
 ** Speech was framed, 
 
 '* At the clofe of the laft Parliament, I 
 '' exprefled my fatisfadion at the appear- 
 
 * The Duke pf Qrafton, Firft Lord of the Trea- 
 fury, Lord Camden, Chancellor. 
 
 ** ane 
 
 I 
 
{ 23 ) 
 
 *' ance which then induced me to believe^ 
 " that fuch of my Subjeds as had been mif- 
 " led in fome parts of myDominions, were 
 " returning to a juft fenfe of their duty : 
 " but it is with '^qual concern, that I have 
 " fmce feen that fpirit of Fadion, whicK L 
 " had hoped was well nigh extinguiflied, 
 " breaking out afrefh in fome of my Colo*. 
 " nies in North America ; and in one of 
 " them proceeding even to ads of vio- 
 " lence, and of refinance to the execution 
 " of the law J the capital town of which 
 '' Colony appears by late advices to be in a 
 " /late of difobedience to all law and Go- 
 " vernment, and has proceeded to -eafures 
 *' fubverfiveof the Conftitution, andattend- 
 circumftances that manifeft a dii;. 
 off their dependance on 
 
 €€ 
 
 tf 
 
 €< 
 
 depei 
 Great Britain. On my part, I have 
 
 t( 
 
 pur- 
 fucd 
 
l\. 
 
 : 
 
 W 
 
 |:iv 
 'it 
 
 I iir 
 
 li ! 
 
 II 
 
 ii! 
 
 I 
 
 i '■ 
 
 fii 
 
 I'' 
 
 IS! 
 
 
 I 
 
 €f 
 
 €t 
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 *« fued every meafure that appeared to h& 
 " neceflary for fupporting theConftitution^ ' 
 " and inducing a due obedience to the au- 
 *• thority of the Legillature. You may rely 
 ** upon myfteady perfeverance in thefepur* 
 pofes ; and Idoubtnot^but that with your 
 concurrence and fupport, I fhall be able 
 " to defeat the mifchievous deligns of thofd 
 *' turbulent and feditious perfons, who, un- 
 " der falfe pretences, have but too fuccefs- 
 *' fully deluded numbers of my Subje<flsin 
 America, and whofe practices, if iuiFered 
 to prevail, cannot fail to produce themoft 
 fatal confequences to my Colonies in: me* 
 " diately, and, in the end> to all the Do-* 
 " minions of my Crown, &c/' . . 
 
 An Addrefs is equally fuppofed to bd 
 
 fabricated by the fame hands, before it i$ 
 
 ^ • offered 
 
 €< 
 
 « 
 
 CC 
 
( 25 ) 
 
 offsred to the confidcration of either 
 Houfe, we find the following Addrefles to 
 the King after this Speech : » 
 
 a 
 
 «( 
 
 f€ 
 
 (€ 
 
 It 
 
 €€ 
 
 ti 
 
 (t 
 
 C( 
 
 €€ 
 
 i< 
 
 Address of the House of Lords. 
 
 " WE defire, with hearts full of gra- 
 titude, to acknowledge that Royal 
 goodnefs fo evidently manifefted to all 
 your People, by your Majefty's conftant 
 attention to the great commercial in- 
 terefls of this Country; we Ihould be 
 wanting on our part, if we did not ap- 
 ply to the confidcration of them, with 
 that alacrity which objedts fo very im- 
 portant, and capable of producing the 
 mod effential benefits to the Nation, de- 
 mand of us. 
 
 *' The refolution which your Majefty 
 '* is pleaf«d to exprefs, that you will not 
 
 E «* fuffer 
 
jljlllj j 
 
 1 1 ( f 
 
 m\ 
 
 ii lis 
 I I'i!; 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 fuffer any attempt to be made deroga- 
 tory to the honour and dignity of your 
 Crown, or injurious to the rights of 
 your People, does, and ever will, call 
 from us the aflurances of our moft 
 chearful fupport 5 nor do we conceive 
 that any condudt can contribute more 
 than this will, to render ajl the other 
 Powers of Europe a^ careful as your 
 Majefty has ever been, to avoid taking 
 any ftcp that may endanger the general 
 tranquillity. — We feel the moft fincer* 
 concern that any of our Fellow-fubjeds 
 in North America (hould be mifled by 
 fadious and defigning men into adls of 
 violence and refiftance to the execution 
 of the law, attended with circumftances, 
 that manifeft a difpofi,tion to throw 
 off their dependence upon Great Bri- 
 
 « 
 
 tain< 
 
M^i 
 
 
 V. 
 
 ( 27 ) 
 
 «* tain. At the £ine time we (halj be 
 ** ready to contribute to the relief of any real 
 '* grievance of your Majefly's American 
 «* Subjects ; we moft unfeignedly give your 
 •* Majefty the ftrongeft aflurances, that 
 *« we fhall ever zealoufly concur in fup- 
 
 r 
 
 *' port of fuch juil and neceflary meafures 
 ** as may beft enable your Majefty to re-» 
 ** prefs that daring fpirit of Difobedience, 
 *' and to enforce a due fubmiffion to the 
 ** laws : always confidering, that it is one 
 ** of our moft effential duties to maintain 
 inviolate, the fupreme authority of the 
 Legiflature of Great Britain over every 
 ** part of the Dominions of your Majefty's 
 '' Crown." . .. i ~u 
 
 « 
 
 t* 
 
 Address of the House g^ Commons, 
 
 " WE fincerely lament, that the arts 
 
 ** of wicked and defigning me<i Ibould 
 
 V .^ ^ ^- ** havp 
 
 ^yif' 
 
I 
 i 
 
 
 ilSlI:. 
 
 mi 
 
 
 m 
 
 'i I 
 
 lit 
 
 €€ 
 U 
 4€ 
 €t 
 €< 
 <C 
 tt 
 
 it 
 
 €€ 
 
 I 
 
 €C 
 €1 
 *« 
 ffC 
 
 t€ 
 <i 
 
 <C 
 
 ( »8 ) 
 
 have been able to rekindle that flama 6{ 
 Sedition in fomc of his Majefty's Colo- 
 nies in North America, which, at the 
 clofe of the late Parliament, his Ma^ 
 jefty ikw rcafon to hope was well nigh 
 extinguifhed. We ihall be ever ready 
 to hear and redrefs any real grievance of 
 your Majefty's American Subje<as -, but 
 we fhould betray that trull repofed in 
 us, if we did not withftand every at- 
 tempt to infringe or weaken our juft 
 rights^ and that we ihall always con- 
 iider it as one of our moft important 
 duties, to maintain inviolable the fu- 
 preme authority of the Legiflature of 
 Great Britain over every part of the 
 Britifh Empire. 
 
 ■ .-7' • . '•■■;" 
 
 " We beg leave to prefent our moft 
 
 dutiful thanks to his Majefty, foi[ hav- 
 
 • *'■ ' • _ ^ -t '" ' ' It • 
 
 I 
 
 'A 
 
 i . 
 
( *9 ) 
 
 «* ing takca fuch fteps as he jadgcd nc- 
 «« ccffary for fuppofting the ConfUtuCion, 
 «* and for repreflin^ that fpirit of Fadtion 
 ** and Difobedicncc, which, in the chief 
 *f town of one of his Majefty's Colonies, 
 /* appear to have proceeded even to afts 
 ** of viblencc, in dirc<a defiance of all le- 
 ** gal authority : and we will, by every 
 ** means in our powers cbcarfully- and 
 ** zealoufly fupport your Majcfty in all 
 ^ fuch future me^ures as ihdl ht found 
 ^' requifite to enforce a due obedience to 
 **. thelawsi to reftorc order and good go- 
 ** vernment where they have been difturb- 
 <* ed, and to eflablifli the conftitutional 
 .** dependance of the Colonies on Great 
 " Britain, fo efTential to the intereft and 
 " proiperity of both." 
 
 Amidfl: the variety of opinions formed 
 by the particular prejudices and paffions of 
 
 each 
 
 m 
 
'' ''iHi 
 
 iJ! 
 
 
 At < i I 
 
 ( 30 ) 
 
 each individual, it is fingular, tkat the 
 
 Writers who are the moil eminent 
 
 on the popular fide ♦, who have even 
 
 ' ^ ' ^ drained 
 
 • In the North Briton, N<^ 31, it is faid, « Of the 
 plenteous crop of Laurels which Mr. Pitt has gathered, 
 the faireft and the only Laurels likely to be iver- 
 greeny have come from America.'* The revenues of 
 the New World have been taxed to pay a little Tri- 
 bute to its Conqueror. •. " * : . r, : •' 
 
 ^Junius, in the Firft Letter, fays, '* A ferics of 
 Inconfiftent Meafures has alienated the Colonies from 
 their Duty as Subjects, and from their natural affec- 
 tion to their Common Country." When Mr. Gren- 
 ville was placed at the Head of the Treafury, he felt 
 the impoffibility of Great Britain's fupporting fuch 
 an eftabliihment, as her former fuccefles had made 
 indifpenfible ; and at the fame time, of giving any fen- 
 fible relief to Foreign Trade, and to the weight of 
 the Public Debt. He thought jt equitable that thofe 
 parts of the Empire which had benefited moft by the 
 expences of the war, fhould contribute fomething 
 to the expences oS the Peace, and he had no doubt of 
 the Conftitiitional Right veiled in Parliament to raife 
 the Contribution. But unfortunately for this country, 
 Mr. Grenville was at any rate to be diftrefled j and 
 
 becauf« 
 
 I 
 

 i 
 
 « 
 
 ( 3> ) 
 
 ftrained the liberty of the Subjeft to the 
 higheft tone, fhould all agree in this doc- 
 trine, 
 
 becaufe he was Minifler, and Mr. Pitt and Lord Cam- 
 den were to be the Patrons of America, becaufe they 
 were in oppofltion, their declaration gave fpirit and 
 argument to the Colonies j and while, perhaps, they 
 meant no more than the ruin of a Minifter, they in 
 effe€t divided one-half of the Empire from the other. 
 
 *< It was in the Colonies that our beft and fureft 
 << hopes were founded. Their extenfive commerce 
 << would have fupported our home manufactures 
 « when other markets failed, and rewarded us in fome 
 " meafure for that fecurity and extent of dominion 
 **■ which the blood and treafure of this Country had 
 ** purchafed for them. Here, too, our moft reafon- 
 < ' able expeAations are difappointed : not only the 
 *< Merchant who gives credit on the fecurity of per- 
 *< fonal good faith is ruined by it j but, in a public 
 ** view, the fum of the debts of individuals is held out 
 ** in terrortniy to awe us into a compliance with pre- 
 " tenfions, which fhake the foundation of our poli- 
 «* tical exiftence. I fee the fpirit which has gone 
 « abroad through the Colonies; and I know what 
 «< confequences that fpirit muft and will produce. If 
 " it be determined to enforce the authority of the Le- 
 giflature, the event will be uncertain i but if we 
 
 yield 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
V 
 
 111 
 
 ;m 
 
 
 m 
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 trine, That a tax upon America is not only 
 legal, but equitable. They do not fet pre* 
 cife limits to this right ; I prefume, for this 
 reafon : the laws of human nature are inva- 
 riable. It muA be equally evident to every 
 man poflefled of the reafoning faculty, that 
 if a heavy tax is laid, if Government is op- 
 preffivc, the fubje<fl: will wifh to find a re- 
 medy. Like a fick man, he is ever reft- 
 lefs in every iituation 5 but when a Con- 
 tribution Arhich is due for protedlion from 
 one Country to another is refufed, when 
 every afnilance tp di^fcharge the indifpenfi- 
 ble cxpences of Government arc denied, 
 we are to contrive a punifhment for rebel- 
 lious ingratitude, and fix a iligma on the 
 
 .'* 
 
 ** yield to the pretenfions of A(neriQa> therp is no fur* 
 << thor doubt dbout the miatter. Froixi that moment 
 ** they become an independent People; they open 
 <^ their trade with the reft of the world, and England 
 «« is undone." Atticu^s UlUrs^ pMbliJhedijbq* 
 
 abettors 
 
'f 
 
 ( 3^ ) 
 
 ttt3felbrs" of treachery and difobedichce, 
 Famme, and all the horrors oFwar fhould * 
 prey upon one, ignominy and difgrace 
 ihould be the portion of the other. 
 
 H 
 
 No honeft man can ferioufly maintaiili 
 that it would be impoflible the Americans 
 Should knovr, before a tax is laid, whe- 
 ther they contribute a juft fhare towards 
 the fupporting the Dignity and Authority 
 of theEmpirek Whilft Government fub- 
 fifls> a confidence mufl be placed in thd 
 Legiflature; from the moment People be- 
 come their owti Law-givers, they re- 
 nounce all protedlioh from Civil Society 
 iatid from GoVefiimenti which eftablifhes 
 rules for the intercourfc of Mankind. It 
 is as abfurd to fuppofe this War is carried 
 on for tlie fake of extending the Regal 
 
 F ^Prero-. 
 
( 34 J 
 
 ;; 
 
 m^' 
 
 Prerogative : It is the defire of the Ame-* 
 ricans only, to throw the whole Govern- 
 ment into the Hands of the Crown^ 
 which would undermine the Principles of 
 the Conflitution. The Regal Power 
 ^ould then infallibly rife on the weaknefs 
 of the other Parts of the I^egillature. It 
 would encroach no lefs on the Indepen* 
 dence of the Peers, than on the Privileges 
 of the Commons. Happily for this 
 Country^ we are blefled with a Monarch, 
 who- has relinquilLed every Claim to this 
 Power, and has placed^ all the Rights 
 over the Colonies in the Hands of the 
 People *. The Americans wifhed to put 
 
 * The money arlfin'^ from the Sale of the eonquercd 
 Iflands in the Weft Indies, amounting to 100,000 L 
 to which the King was entitled by Law* has been 
 urdcred by his Matjefty to be paid into the Trcafuryj 
 and not into the Hands of his own Trcafurcr. 
 
 aU 
 
 ( 
 

 ( 3S ) 
 all that Power into his Hands, which 
 even after the Conqueft of America he 
 would never poffefs. From a defire of in-, 
 creafing the Legillative Authority, he runs 
 a riik of diminifhing his own. He has at 
 ftake the Appointments and Patronage he 
 has already peaceably enjoyed, and whilft 
 he cannot gain, he may confiderably lofe. 
 
 Let this be a full anfw.'^r to all thofe^ 
 who argue that this War is detrimental 
 to the Conflitution, that it will ultimate- 
 ly encreafe the Prerogative of the Crown : 
 the} may argue with fubtlety, I anfwer 
 them by Fads. There are, howeyer, very 
 few who hold out thefe arguments upon 
 the American Queflion i the national opi, 
 nion is almoft uniform, Even upon this 
 iubjea, the maxim of the learned and ju^ 
 
 F Z dicious 
 
■'lis,) 
 
 ( 3« ) 
 
 diciQus Hooker is contradiifled, that *< h^ 
 ^' that goeth about to perfuadc a multj-i 
 *' tude, that they are not fo well govern-. 
 " ed as they ought to be, fliall never want 
 <* attentive j^nd favou.ra blj^ hearers 5 be^ 
 ** caufc fuch as openly reprove fuppofe4 
 *' Difoiders of State, are taken for princirs 
 ** pal Friends to the common benefit of 
 '- all j and for men that carry fingulay 
 ** freedom of mind,'* 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 An eminent political Writer has faidj, 
 ^* That thofe who have been concerned in 
 *' one revolution, are never eafy, till by 
 their intrigues they can bring about an- 
 otlier." This can only be falfified by 
 our conduct, by fliewing our Loyalty to 
 
 the heft of Kings, our Love to the hap- 
 pieil Country under Heaven, which fliould 
 
 make 
 
 (< 
 
 (C 
 
 /* . 
 

 1 
 
 ( 57 > 
 
 inake it our common wifh, io extirpate 
 this fatal oppofition to Government, which 
 threatens ruin to the dearefl and moft va- 
 luable Interefls in this Kingdom. Let 
 thofe men, who lately defended their cha- 
 radler with fo much refentment, whofe 
 honour is tender to the gentleft refledion,' 
 hear what was more w-armly advanced 
 againft their Dofjrine, a few years fmce, 
 by an Archbifhop of York *, not inferior 
 in learning and abilities to the prefent. 
 
 Speaking of the Party attached to the Re*- 
 bels, he fays, View it in its principles 
 and motives, and you will find the foun- 
 dation of it laid in the darkefl and moft 
 black difpoiitions ; in Men, whofe minds 
 
 * This Sermo'i, together with his a6live conduA 
 in fupprefling the Rebellion, obtained him the See 
 of Canterbury, when the Duke of Newcaftle and 
 Mr. Pcliiam had the management pf Public Affairs, 
 
 and 
 
 
IP 
 
 • 
 
 ( 5« ) 
 
 and confcienccs are perpetually Intoxicated 
 by Ambition, by Pride, by Covetoufnefs, 
 by Revengefulnefs, by Fadion, which laft 
 is nothing elfe but a wicked compound of 
 Pride and Cdvetoufnefs, Ambition and 
 Revengefulnefs, united and made faft to- 
 gether by Hypocriiy^ qualities, all of 
 them ungoveri! ^^, and which conti- 
 nually animate thofe who are enflaved 
 by them, to break looie from all the moft 
 facred ties of Reafon and Religion, and 
 of their fworn Allegiance to God and 
 their Country. /.•:../ 
 
 For to men of thefe difpofitions, it is 
 no argument of Peace and Obedience, that 
 the adminiftration of a Government is in 
 the wifeft Hands, and that every thing is 
 managed with the exaifteft Juftice, and 
 ■-' • HJpft 
 
 « 
 
 > 
 
'^) 
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 moft fcrupulous obfervance of the Lawd* 
 If their Pride and Ambition is not fatis- 
 fied, and if they are not diftinguifhed by 
 pofts of Dignity and Honour, they will 
 endeavour to fpoil the order and regularity 
 of things ; and if they are not allowed 
 to fhare in the conducing it, they will 
 contrive ways to clog the Wheels of Go- 
 vernment, and make it drive heavily, if 
 they cannot overturn it* , . 
 
 To men of thefe difpofitions, it Is no ar- 
 gument of Loyalty and a peaceful demea- 
 nor, that every thing is fecured to them 
 Which can make their lives comfortable and 
 eafy ; that their property ftands upon the 
 bafis of the Laws j that' their goods and 
 poffeflions are guarded from all violence 
 •nd outrage i and that every man is al- 
 
 
 lowed 
 
 i 
 
,.:-^V 
 
 m 
 
 I'H ::■ 
 
 ( 4d ) 
 
 lowed to dwell fafcly under his own vineV' 
 and under his own fig-tree. All thefe ard 
 inconfiderable advantages, not worth ou!* 
 thanks or our remembrance ^ 'tis a fuf- 
 licient grievance^ and will abundantly juf- 
 tity their difobedience, that they are cut 
 off from every opportunity of enriching 
 themfelves and families 5 and mufl fubmiC 
 to b'e contented with a moderate and eafy 
 Fortune, when they might be h rg thd 
 foundation of diftinguifhed grandeur and 
 magnificence* ^ - * y ' ■ ' « 
 
 10 
 
 To meii of thefe difpolitions, whofe 
 hearts boil with malice and revenge, it' 
 is no argument for a weak and dutiful be-^ 
 hayiour, that they live under th« protec* 
 tion of the mildeft aad beft-naturcd Frifice^ 
 and die moft juft and equitable Goviern-i* 
 
 4m<^ It «/ 1 
 
 r v^^it'yn ' 
 
 ment j 
 
 ' 
 
 ^« 
 
( 41 ) 
 
 inentj for if they are not allowed the 
 pleafure of revenge, and to execute their 
 pialice upon the Men they hate, in fpite 
 of all obligations to the contrary froiji 
 Religion and common Gratitude j they 
 will revile the King, and fly at his Nainc 
 and Honour with the greateil virulency, 
 3Lnd with jhe mofl fglfe and odious calun;- 
 
 > 
 
 nies, and blacken the Adminiftration by 
 artful mifreprefentations, infidious con- 
 ilrudion?, and malicious aggravations. 
 
 To men of thefe difpolitions, who 
 feed upoi> fai^ion, and love to live in 
 /lorms, it is no argument, to excite their 
 2eal for their King, and for the Honour 
 
 and Intcreft of their Country, that they 
 gre blelTed with the happy influence of a 
 Government which labours for the 
 Peace and Profperity 6£ the Public, and 
 
 Q employs 
 
^ 
 
 ,*f 
 
 ,-'''v^ 
 
 ^'- 
 
 X 4i ) 
 
 lilif foys their titmoft Wifdom and their' 
 titmo't Care to kill the lurking fpirit 
 of 1 imult and Difquiet. They are un- 
 eaiy if Aeyare not adlive in Sedition i 
 and that very Tranquility, which is ac- 
 knowledged to be the greateft bleffing 
 confiftent with the Lot of Humanity, 
 embitters the Pleafure and Happinefs of 
 
 their Lives, 
 
 ? •■ 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 3r ^■.•I/.:■«■ '■:'!-'- ^ 
 
 --*: V V' i " -; 
 
 *' y 
 
 ^• 
 
 \ "> 
 
 u • •■-■■'* 
 
 •»-: . >^*- "^'* 
 
 .J"! «*;« 
 
 T<m 
 
 . -f -,. t 
 
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 \\ 
 
 . ».L .t 
 
 /ft 
 
 4,- < •.t.f 
 
 %:% '^.■4- 
 
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