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Laa diagrammas suivants illuatram la mMioda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKtOCOrv nsOWTION TBT CHAIT lANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) A APPLIED MytOB In. 1633 Cait Uoin SIrsct Rochnlir. Ntw York UG09 USA (716) *83 -0300 - Phone (716) 2U- asas - Foi ADDRESS Hon. David Mills, K.C. AT H.GHGATE. ONTARIO. CANADA. Wednesday, August 28th, ,901 Mr. Mills' Address. From t/ie LmdoH f C.IHa,ia ) .Uverli'er. The Hon. David Mills, KX., Minister of Justice of tlie Dominion of Canada, delivered the followinf; address at Hifihgatc, Ontario, Canada, .August 28th, 1901, Mr. ^[ills was in good form and held the close attention of his intelli- gent audience, which included many ladies. On being introduced by the chairman, the Minister of Justice was enthusiastically received. He said : Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen,— Several years have gone by smce I had the honor of adressing a meeting in this place. One of the last occasions upon which I spoke to you was when the country was agitated because the Govern- ment of Canada had failed to disallow an act passed by the Legislature of Quebec, known as the Jesuit's Estate Act On that occasion I felt it my duty to defend the course taken by the administration, although I was not a supporter of the government. It was impossible to successfully attack what w'as then made the subject of censure, without assuming that the principals of parliamentary government were not to have ful play m the provinces, in matters of purely provincial concern. The views which I then expressed were such as I believed were called for, both by the letter and spirit of our constitution. I felt assured that the agitation which was then awakened was without any foundation moral or constitutional, upon which it could permanently rest. My convictions have been verified, and long since this question has ceased to be a disturbing factor in public affairs. 1 5' u'^','1'^" ^''^^' changes have taken place in the person- nel of the House of Commons, and in the political complexion of the Senate. For a long time after I became a member of the House of Commons this township continued to be a part of the electoral division of Bothwell, and during the whole of that period, the Reformers, who constituted more than two- thirds of the electors, intrusted me with their confidence I need not say to you that I valued that confidence most highly and it was my aim then, as it has been since, to endeavor to counties in one constituency, aim >" i- , ,^ legislate an unpopular party into power. But after CENSUS OF 188I . ■ ,_ ► 1,-^ .h,. leaders of the Conservative party threw had been taken, '"e,'^'"'^', ;' ' L, uuo„ which both parties aside the understanding had n.87-j^ponwn P^^^ ^^ then relied, as much so as ;f it hj"! been »" g V .^ our federal constitution. The government a^ ^^._^^^ ^^^ administration a ma^ony in Je Com^on.^^^l^^.^^^ .^ y ^. to the County of Middlesex^yy^.^^^^^ .^ ^^^ in the election of 89^ the Ketor ^.^^ ^^^.^ opponents aggregate a '"»J°fr ° reoScntatives. This proceeding was Sirn^d'diSS^^^^ "p„., Had -trol o^^^^^^^^^^^^ ra^iyfurther STsfoir;|etheaaa^ a.^^^^^^^^^ our success m the g^""al election ^^^-^^^^^^^..^y je- proposed to transfer the work of CONSTITUTINC. THK CONSTITUENCIES to judges of eminence not l«cau. -^-f °XtseT; 5 by depriving ourselves of any political advantage in the mat- ter. W'c were unable even with th.'s concession to secure the support of any op.^oncnt of the Kovernmcnt in the senate. We knew that pai ., 'tcMng was there very intense. \Vc knew that the Senate pr laimed theinselvet a non-partisan bod\-. They may have persuaded themselves, that, as there was a redistribution of seats only once in ten years, there could only once in ten years be a readjustment of the boundaries of constituencies; and so if parliament had used its authority, and cimmitted an injustice, no matter how great, it must continue until another census was taken and another readjust- ment was called for under the express provisions of our con- stitution. I need not say to you that this \iew was prepos- terous, and wa:. without the shadow of authority to support It. H}- the census we ascertain the number of representatives to which each province, for the succeeding ten years, is on- titled; but this does not prevent parliament, if it were so inclined, from readjusiing the boundaries of the constituencies whenever it may think the public interest calls for any amendment in the representation The census enables us to fix the niimber of representatives to which each province is entitled in the House of Commons; it does nothing more. Our census will soon be completed. The population of each ,)K)\ince will, I trust, be accurately shown. Our represcnta- iinn m accordance with the law and the facts will be rcadjust- i>l. i confiflently hope that the measure of redistribution will be a I'KkKF.CTI.V K.MR .MK.VL'KK, based upon the inviolaK;ity of county boundaries, and subject to this, upon the principle of representation by population. I trust there will be no compromises with these accepted principles in the interest of some supposed strong candidate. The Reform party are strong so long as they stand up for svhat IS just and proper, but if there is to be a departure from accepted dc rincs, it had better be left to our political opponents who did the .vroiig before. There may be some who think it wise to imitate them, am! lo follow their ex- ample. I am not of that opinion. There is great strength in standing up for the right. It is an immense source of strength to a public man when the people believe that he is unswerv- ingly devoted to what is fair and ju.' d when they believe he will not deviate from the course ,o marked out merely because some candidate on his own side is persuaded himself. or han endcavore.1 to pcrsua.lc others that if >v.u will depart from a "ound rule for his sake, your chances of succes, will be Im^r.*^ I-et me say, that if that succesH could be made &t^y certain, it would be altogether too dearly pur- ?h"ed by such a course, becaune it is purchased by causing ?he puWU: to distrust your honesty ; and secondly, because in doln^ so, you weaken the confidence of men with whom moral considerations are paramount, and who "-""'d °»»'"- wise on this ground alone, have supported you^ I trust rhereforc. when we are called upon to deal with this subjec we shall lo so thoroughly, and by parliament ,alo"'=. «'''^°"« any extrinsic aid, and .vitho.it deviating a hair's breadth from ?he principle to which we are committed, and to which, and not to any caricature of it, the public sanction has been given^ This is practical ,x>litics in the best sense, because ,t is the honest course to ake. I trust tha' the representation wil be made perfectly fair and perfectly just, and thU it shall not be given W any others than those to whom it rightfully belongs. It is little short of monstrous to adopt any other rule, and it will be the duty of the electorate of the country to see that thole principles for which the Liberal party have long contendel.'^hich the country has in two -c«»'-,«''f !°- sanctioned, are carried into effect according to their true tntenrnd meaning. I have said now, gentlemen, all I pro- pose sayTng on thif subject of redistribution at the present Sme. I hfve only called your attention to the abuse and to the remedy which Reformers have long advocated, and it is for ^ou to see that the redress given is fair and honest and th»t for which we have long contended, and not something Xetherdifferent-acariclture or that which the country had a right to expect. Territorially Canada is one of the most extensive countries in Christendom, and it is our business to make it so far as we can in wealth and in population, commensurate with its Territorial dimensions. The problem is one of B«at ""P°rt- ance and it ought to receive the most serious consideration a? the hands of the people and their representatives. We have in Canada great resources which require development. We have to consider how this development can best be pro- moted, how our mines can be made most P^o^f «■«• a""*""' fertUe ands to yield the largest amount °f°°<ij°'^^°^^^^° occupy them, and for the markets of the United Kingdom. CK.NMs RKTl RNS |)|-.AI'l'ulNTINl,, There i» no denying the fact that the census returns fur the past decade have proved disapiwintinu to our iieoplc • but this disappointment is in a larKc measure, due to expec- tations that were founded ujKin mere conjecture. Our people were certainly emigrating from the country in large numbers during the first half of this decennial pcriml. Our commerce was very nearly statioiiiiry. and this, it is reasonable to assume was due to the fact that a large percentage of our population' was drawn away frcm their place of nativity to the iHigh- boiiiig republic. For the previous twelve years there was but httlc variation in the volume of our exports and imports The census shows that the population of Canada was in April last 5,338,8X3, and the increase, including both the .-.atural increase of population and its Incret ie by immigration is but 505,644. Now the natural increase of our population ought to have made the pop.-lation of Canada, without any addition from abroad, 5438. o ; and if we count on an immi- gration of 25,000 a year, th would have added during the decade 250,000 more ; so that our census, according to a vers' moderate calculation, might be expected to have shown a population in Canada of 5,688,000. VVeP we are disap- pointed. We have 350,000 short of this r iber, and it is our duty to carefully consider the facts of which ihis disappointment has arisen. Since 1896 Cai ..ua has enjoyed an unusual degree of prosperity. Since then but few have left the country. Our people readily go to the United States becau.se their language and their institutions are similar to our own. But there have been no causes operating to induce our people to go abro.id. We have lost indeed but very few of our population. This, however, was not the case during the five years between the .summers of 1891 and i8g6 when there must have g&.ne from the country a number equal to all we received from abroad, and, I think, not less than 50,000 a year beside. This was a tremendous drain to overcome. In fact It was too great to be at once obliterated, and it is due to the prosperity which has attended the country during the past five years that so great an exodus has left so few traces of evil behind it. KN(;|..\NT) AND GER.MANV. The natural increase in England, after the emigration IS deducted, is shown to be 12 per cent, for the decade In Germany it is 14 per cent. Both the percentage of England 8 and of Germany would be increased were there no emigration. It is not too much to say that the emigration reduces the increase of the population, in each country, by at least one per cent It may be by even more. The natural mcrease ol the German population is about i% per cent, a year, and in England it is slightly less. Making due allowance then for the migratory character of our population, which no doubt postpones the time of marriage here to a period a little later than in Germany, or in England, we may affirm that the natural increase of our population will, from this cause alone, be less than it is in England or in Germany, yet it ought here to be not less than I % per cent, yearly amongst our English- speaking people, and lyi per cent, among the trench popu- lation in the rural districts of Quebec. -So that it was quite natural that we should look for a more favorable showing than the one that the census returns present. I'Ol'ULATION OF ONTARIO. The population for the Province of Ontario, by the census taken in April last, is 2,167,978. which is but 53.657 more than it was ten years ago, instead of being , as might have been anticipated, 2,385.317. without counting any immi- gration at all. It is too soon yet to ascertain how the popu- lation of Canada, west of the Province of Ontario, is made up or to determine the sources of its growth ; but if we were to ' credit Ontario with having added 40,000 to Manitoba, 40000 to the Territories, and 30,000 to British Columbia, 16? 000 of her natural increase would be accounted for, leaving still 100,000 that must, at some time during the decade, have found their way across the border. Of course, this estimate is the merest conjecture on my part. Ihe number of Onta-io people who have gone to the west may be in excess of this e.stimate. It may be that the estimate is too large ; but however this may be, there is but little room to doubt that from 1891 until 1896 a largenumberof our people left the country. The natural increase ought to be about 27 1 000 of whom it would seem 2 1 8,000 have left the province. It is to be hoped that the census, when carefully examined, will show that many of these are still in the country. We shall know at an early day the number that have gone from each of the eastern provinces to the Territories, to Manitoba and to British Columbia, and we shall then be better able to consider the full meaning and force of the lessons which maj' be learned from the census. There are several matters to which it has become vry important that we should give careful attention. There can be no doubt that there have gone from the provinces a suffi- cient number of our people to Anglicise a much larger foreign population than we have yet received. We are quite safe in continuing to direct our attention to the continent of Europe as well as to the parent country for large additions to our population. It IS said that in many parts of England, at the present time, the agricultural population remaining is none too large for the proper cultivation of the soil : that the great growth of the towns and cities has furnished oppor- tunities for the employment, almost at the doors of the rural population for their children and young people, and the result has been that boys and girls, young men and women, instead of continuing in rural pursuits, have been drawn into the manufacturing towns and cities, until the rural popula- tion at the present time is scarcely adequate to meet the re- quirements of the agricultural districts. In fact, the value o( larm labor has, m consequence, increased, and large districts that were formerly cultivated are now devoted to pasture. There has been during the last ten years a marked UROWTH IN F.WOR OF I.MI'KKI.M, UNITY. Whether the pendulum may not oscillate in the opposite direction will depend to some extent, on what we may do here, and a good deal on what may be done in the United Kingdom. I have no doubt that that those who have pre- dicted the diientegration of the empire will regard the dissappomtments which many will feel at the result of the census as a favorable opportunity to decry the growth of this sentiment, and to repeat to us the fate of the frog that en- deavored to become as big as the ox. 1 am disappointed that our increase of population was not greater, I am not discouraged in consequence. I am sure that we possess those elements of growth which are necessary to political greatness and strength. I know that if we retain a strong moral fiber in the character of our people, if our government is conducted with prudence and honesty, if our people are imbued with a proper public spirit, that neither envy abroad nor detraction at home can, m the end, prevent the realization of our hope. IM.MKNSK ACKICLI.TURAI. ,\RE.\. We have to-day, many times over, a larger area of excel- lent agricultural land still unoccupied than in all the rest of North America. We have to-day the opportunities and the attractive forces that were possessed by our neighbors between 1835 and 1865. We trust ours will be as useful in contribut- ing to the rapid growth of settlement in Ca.iada as theirs were to the rapid growth of settlements in the valley of Mississippi. I would indeed be sorry to put any restraints upon the rest- lessness and cnterprize which carries the peopleof the United Kingdom into all the waste places of the earth They go forth to better their own fortunes, to engage in trade and commerce, to convert predatory tribes of men in Africa, and in Asia, into legitimate traders, and to impress upon them the advantages to be derived from the security of lile and pro- perty from depredation by wandering marauders, and by changing these into a fixed and law abiding population. They have trained multitudes into more industrious habits and have taught them to put more confidence in the value of upright dealing than they had before l<nown. As long as the world was being reduced by their labor from chaos to order, and from a state of violence to one of peace, a useful work was being done, but it is now necessary to turn the attention ot Englishmen in another diiection. We have at present a great territorial empire, with but little prospect of future growth by further expansion. It means a great deal to them that the existing possesions should become populous and wealthy. What is to be done with the empire? How are its wealth and population to be increased? How is greater security to be given to the life and property within its borders in order that its commerce may continue to grow? In our ca.se I am sure that numbers of well-informed and public-spirited people will afford to us the best security for our advancement. At the present time there are in the world about 120,000,000 ol people speaking the English language. Nearly one-halt ot this number is in the British Empire ; the others are in the United States. The United States have now within their borders about 63,000,000 of white men speaking the English language. The growth of the republic is now largely the growth of a city population. Their progress by immigration, in the nature of things, cannot be so rapid m the future as in the past. There are parts of the British Empire which present far more inviting fields for the settlement of an agricultural population. There is no reason why those m the British Empire of the whjte race, speaking the English tongue should not overtake the white population of the ENGLISHMEN SHOULD KAVOR CANADA dom. by adversely criticising its public policy H^ 1.1 ^^; ™ag„i?y so.e ;ues[[ro7dt:;re:X'rf o°; does^^xlf fortunes without any V sk of the n^."//"^^" T", P"'^°"^' attributes to British sLtesLnM ^ ? ^'"^ ^'°^^"- "^ done and for e:!::' ^::^;^:-:^:^;- ^::7 1 right ^tharhis",r '' '"" ^"^">- P-^-de hImseTf That he is a^s;i;::e^:K^---^-j.e^i^ 13 of these suspicions ; so that I fear there is little prospect of friendly co-operation between the two sections of the great Anglo-Saxon family, until some overpowering necessity presses it upon our neighbors. 1 greatly regret that this is so ; the world would certainly be better off if more generous sentiri:ents prevailed, and more friendly relations were estab- lished; but the disregard for public law, unde- the name of the Monroe doctrine, is a declared menace to our sovereign rights. So we must consider the facts as they are, and not simply as we would like to have them: and we must not forget that it is not in our power to uphold our rights, and to maintain our self-respect, and at the same time do mucn to in.urove these relations. It is for this reason true, that British statesmen practically take side < ngainst their own country who do not endeavor to turn the emmigration from the United Kingdom towards other British possessions, otherwise the British emmigrant goes abroad to increase the wealth and population of the country whose convictions are hostile, and who will turn the descendants of these men into currents that will be unfriendly to British interests hereafter. British statesmen should remember that there is as much required from the United Kingdom as from other parts of the Empire, to pro- mote imperial unity. I hr.ve NO SVMPATllV with those who are calling upon the Imperial parliament to burden the people of the United Kingdom for our benefit: to put impediments in the way of their commercial srrowth to help us, but they should consider how inuch the empire will be strengthened by the increase of wealth and population of the colonies: how the development of their mineral resources, and the increase of their numbers would do vastly mor to give to it prosperity, peace and security than could be accompli-shed by directing their population and wealth into regions whose people believe that nothing good ever emanates from the United Kingdom. Experience has shown that the inferences in respect to commercial affairs, ctut of which the indifference of British statesmen has arisen, are altogether erroneous. I do not say that England has not prospered luider her policy of free trade. I do not say that the principles of free trade are not econom- ically sound I think they-are; but it is not true that other nations are likely soon to accept them, and to act upon them. of pmMion .„ i„, „M ,„ '„2T,„ to£ L „. rfi BRITAIN'S INKI.UENCE policy, based upon what is' Vm^u^iJ' ^^^ thrrkTrtv'o? S:u,.^ir -:,S^^-- --- -.in. Ontario who desire more room, and who wo„[d TeT'th '" possessions in this province to acquire a CeTarea fo th^^' selves and their sons upon the\rairies '^rthT NorthweTt' ■4 Many small farms will admit of much more intensive cultiva- Ton than has yet been given them, and by the necessary skiUed labor their products could be enormously mcreased. There are ordinary tradesmen, bricklayer,, masons black smiths and carpenters, for whom there is no room. Ifweadd l^ooo to thc'^agricultural population of our territories an- nually. we could diffuse among them 20,000 of the 'rla.ses 1 have mentioned. It is of great consequence that this should be done and by this large addition from the British Islands we could venture upon securing a very much larger number from the continent of Europe than w-e have hitherto obtained for we could more readily convert them into a people w h British ideas and British tendencies, by makmg them early acquainted with our language, and by so opening to them the literature of England w? would enable them to acquire our habits of thought and expression and thus become an insep- arable part of our population. If there is to be, as it is in the interests of mankind there should be, a (IREAT BRITISH EMPIRE, teaching men to love freedom, to seek truth, to hate falsehood and oppression, and ready to make some sacrifices for he common good, the people of the United Kingdom must themselves become interested in its accomplishment. The breezes which now tend to carry us from all parts of the British dominions into the same harbor may again sleep, and m? ' not afford, for a long time to come, so favorable an oppor.unity of being drawn together. I do not suggest any written constitution. 1 do not propose any compact. What I suggest is a friendly understanding, friendly co-operation for lommon purposes, voluntarily undertaken. Common enterprises for the common good, common dangers to be guarded against, will determine better, through the lapse of Ime what the constitution of the British Empire should be, than any statesman, however wise or cautious, can do at the present time. I purposed to have discussed fully the subject of copyright as a matter of controversy between ourselves and the British Government. It is too large and too important a question not to discuss fully. Our right of self-government is involved, and we cannot treat the subject as otherwise than important, and to-night I shall pass it by. 15 The chair was occupied by Mr. J. G. Crosby, and on the platform or in the audience, besides the minister of justice, were Messrs. J. A. Walker. K.C., of Chatham ; John Cameron, London Advertiser ; Walter Mills, of Ridgetown ; D. Camp- bell, London ; Henry Watson, Rev. Charles Crichton, E. B. Mills, Palmyra ; Jonah Gosnell, e.x-warden ; Ed. Beattie, George Reycraft, James Tape, Thomas Lee, John D. Gillis, R. C. Scott, Jos. Hornal, H. C. Foster, Frederick Scott, Peter Curr, Alex. McTavish, A. J. Gillis, Charles McLaren, James Attridge, John Brosnaham, Samuel Gosnell, D. T. Gillis, Daniel Mills, Thos. Mickle, James Stevenson, of Ekfrid ; Lawrence Tape, and many other prominent residents of the district.