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Viftifu X. JLamiiJ I ' CAnqutU l6\V Jy i*^, n^i ItU^^ .ra JiurJ*lUI WtramirAi. T 'ttaine JLtcki. ;rtt ''i^J. U^ -JV-, ^7 / /. THE ''^"■%Y HISTORY O F m l^" y? i^^ m ■ ■ NEWFOUNDLAND. Containing An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, En- creafe, Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Produd, Trade and prefent State. THIS large Ifland was difcovePd by Sehajiian jy;^^,^^,^^ ^^ Cabot^ who was fent to America by Henry VII, s.' Cabot. King of England, in the Year 1497, to make 1497- Difcoveries 4. or 5 Years only, after Chrijiopher Columbus had difcovered the new World, which proves to us that the Englijh were the firit of all the Europeans after Co" lumbus's Difcovery, that found out any Pare of the American Continent. Cabot was the Son of a Genocfe Merchant who was lettled at Brijiol^ where Sehajiian was born, and the Merchants of that City were fome of the firll Proprietors of, and Traders to and in this Country. The Ifland is of a triangular Figure, as big as Ireland, ^** ^i«''^ about 300 Leagues in Circuit, feparace from Canada or New* France, on the Continent, to the North, and from New- Scotland to the South, by a Chaftnel of much the fame Breadth as that between Dover and Calais : It lies between 46 and 50 Degrees of North Lat. in the Courfe Ships ufually hold as they return from the WeJi'Indies\ and the Galleons and Flota's from New-Spain iny-a homeward bound V'^oyage, come within 500 Miles of it: 'Tis not above \\ci\x wioM Trt I^'ftititii n ' \t hi>c n anu rrvmmnnioi 19 , . B Bays Latitude ttffd i ) Jhe Hijlory of Newfoundland. Bays along the Coaft, fome of them running into the Land towards one another 20 Leagues. Some Writers relate that the Fiihermen of Bifcay fre- quented the Banks of Newfoundland and fiOiM there for Cod, lon» before Columbus difcovered the New-lVorld. The French pretend to prove this by fome antique Verfes in their Language, but that does noc feem to be very hkely, for the Great Bank being but twenty Leagues from the Kland, if the Bisks had frequented it, they muft in the Courfe of a very few Voyages been within Sight of it, whether they knew it or not, and they would not long have feen it without landing upon it; where, with a fmall fearch, the neighbourmg Concinent of America is as eafy to be ken'd as Calais is from Dover. Bifcay iscertainly fo near the Banks^mwc\i nearer than England, that it would not have been to be wondered at, if the Bifcainers, who were famous FiOiers, had been driven thi- Uie Prnen- ^^^^ ^ Accidcnt and againft their Wills in ill Weather. But F"en{htf;,. the Pretence of their FiOiingon the Gr.^at Bank not being fo Difcovery. well ptov'd as to put in a Claim for them to the Country and Fifliery, they ftarted another, and that was the Difcovery of one John Ferazzan, a Floreniine Adventurer, fent by Fran- cis I. the French King, to Jmerica, on the fame Errand as Cabot was fent by King Henry oi England feveral Years JDefore, and they fay Ferazzan took PoffelTion of it for Francis ; but it is all a Dream and Impertinence^ tbo' if it was true it wou'd not at all leflen the Right of the Englijh; for Sebaftian Cabot had not only taken Pofleflfion of it in the Name of Henry VII long before Francis was King of France^ but as a Proof of it, had brought home with him 3 of the Natives, probably the firft Indians that ever were feen in Europe^ except thofe that Co- lumbus had brought to Spain with him in his two firft Voyages. thither before Cabot's ; and not long after Cahot's Voyage liither, and to Norembagua, all the Continent fo called North- ward of 4.0 Degrees Lat., the Englijh began to trade to Newfoundland. Nay, in the Reign of Henry the Vlllth Mr. Thorn and Mr. Elliot^ two Adventurers of our Nation, traded here, and one Mr. More attempted a Settlement here, the firft of the kind by Europeans in North America^ but was reduced to fuch Streights, that many of his Company were killed and eaten by their Fellows. Thofe who furviv'd were j^vw. Butts fo changed, that Sir IVilliafn Butts oi Norfolk did not nmner,, ^^^^ j^-^ g^^ ^^ ^^^ Return, and cou'd not be convinc'd he was the fame, till he fhewed him a Mark in his Body, by which Sir Wtlliam knew him, as fay the Old Writers; and it is the more remarkable, becaufe this Knight, whom King Htnry the Villth dubb*d by the Stile of Sir miltam butts or i Norfolk the Land Bifcay fre- re for Cod, The French bs in their ^rery likely, ! from the 1 the Courfe 'hether they n it without eighbouring lais is from nearer than red at, if the driven thi- :ather. But not being fo ;i)ountry and > Difcovery ent by Fran- le Errand as fears before, ^yancis\ but :rue it wou'd \aftlan Cabot :ii Henry V\l I Proof of it, lably the firft lofe that Co" firft Voyages. hot's Voyage called North- \ to trade to Vlllth Mr. ration, traded nt here, the ca^ but was otnpany were furviv'd were folk did not )e convinc'd his Body, by Writers; and whom King 'Ham butts of Norfolk • ■ * ^je Hi/lory d/* Newfoundlands 3 Norfolk^ was really that King's Phyfician, and one of the Founders of the College of Phyficians in London j in whofe Records he is highly charaderiz'd. 'Tis to be fear'dthis Son of his did not defervc a very high Charader, or he wou'd not have been lent or permitted to go on fuch a defperate Adven- ture, in fo barbarous and dcfolate a Country as Newfoundland. This muft be about the Year 1540, for Sir JVilliam Butts died in 1545, 2V\<\JVhitburn^m\\\'iliXcm(eoi Newfoundland^ which was printed A. D. 1622, fpeaksof this Voyage as 80 Years before, which was J. D. 1542. The Engl/Jhzker this negleding the Place, the French SLtid Fortuguefe reforted to it, and carry'd on a very profitable Trade for Fifh, Furrs and Skins, but in the Year 1579, about 40 Years after Mr. Hcre'^ intended Settlement mifcarry'd. Captain Richard IVhitburn^ of Ex.iouth in Devonjhirey was ^^JJ'.^ J^^'*'' employ'd by Mr. John Cotton., a Merchant oi Southampton^ in y,yagt» '' a Ship of 300 Tons, to fiHi on the Great Sank., lying c.i the North Side of The Land., as this liland is generally call d by Sailors and Traders. But his Companions not being us'd to bitter cold Weather oblig'd him to put i.i'n Trinity Harbour^ where they kill'd ftore of Fifli, Deer, Bears, Oi- ters, Beavers, Sea- Fowl, and having made a tolerable Voyage, return'd to England. In 1583 Mr. Crook., a Merchant of Southampton., fitted 15S5. out a Ship of 220 Tons, in which Capt. IVhttbum madeano- ^^J '''^ ^'"^^ ther Voyage to Newfoundland., and while he was there, Sir Humphry Gilbert., a Devonjhire Gentleman and famous Ad- s. Humj'hry venturer, half Brother to Sir Waler Raleigh, came thither GHben taket with two Ships and a Pinnace, and brought with him a Com-^^J^'^j/^^ miflfion from Q^ieen Elizabeth to take PoiTefiTion of f'^\ P Jce b«tti. in her Name, which he did accordingly, in St. Johfi's lit-- hour, in Prefence of Capt. tVhitbum. This Knight forbad all other Nations to fifli upon that Coaft ; and failing from thence towards Virginia, by Reafon ot fome unhappy difference in his Courfe, loft his biggeft Ship, upon Shelves on the Coaft of Canada^ which is very dangerous, moft part of her Crew perifliing in her. Prince in his Worthier of Devon, among other Dreanra and Errors, writes that Sir ^ Humphry Gilbert took Pof- feftion of the Great River of St. Laurence in Canada, and inve/ied ^een Elizabeth in an Eflate of 600 Miles in Lengthy by cutting a Turf and Rod after the ancient Cuflom oj Eng- land. This he did at Newfoundland, but not at Canada, of which he to&k Pofleffion only by leaving his biggeft Ship a Wreck on that Coaft; io that, contiiiaeii this Devonjhin Writer, to bis Conduct ma Travd is owing the firft Settle- B 2 ment i cc cc 6. I cc C( (C cc cc cc cc cc cc cc Cl cc CC 77^^ Hiflory o/" Newfoundland. ment of the Fifliing Trade in Newfoundland, that hath been fo h\o\\\y advantageous to our own, and other Kingdoms. IBui: not to derogate from Sir Humphry Gilbert^ maritime Merit, EngUvul is not fo much indebted to that Knight's Comiudt and Travels for the Settlement of that Trade, as to Capt. Kircher\ who had been there and tr^^ed there in a very large Ship, fome Years before Sir Humphry, as the reverend Au- thor writes, fettled the Trade by cutting a Turf. He dwells pretty much on a wonderful Apparition, vhich prognoiticatcd the iof: ot Sir Hu?nphry, and his VelTcl. As vifionary and puerile as it is, I'll repeat it, to Oicw how full People's Heads were at that Time ot the marvellous Things in the American Wilder nellcs and Seas. . «^ Precedent to the Lofs of his Ship ftrange Voices were « faid to be heard by the Watch, and thofe that ftood at the « Helm, of which there have been many Examples of the *' like Nature, both by Sea and Land, in which I doubt the Learned Divine was fomewhat too credulous. The Gene- ral notwithftanding many Perfuafions to the contrary, went '« aboard the Squirrel, of loTonsi and as they chang'd their " Courfe to return to England, (\t was indeed to go to Vir- « ginia,) at the very Inflant of winding ^out, there paffed " between them, towards the Land, a very Lion, to their « feeming, in Shape, Hair, and Colour, not Iwimming after « the Manner of a Beaft, by moving his Feer, but rather Aiding upon the Surface of the Water, with his whole Body in Sight, as Dolphins, Porpuffes, and other fuch Fidies are {ttn To do, but boldly fhew'd himfelf above Water, not- withftanding the Mariners prefented Themfclves in open « View to amufehim : And thus he paffed along, turning his tlead to and fro, yawning and gapeing wide as he went ; and to give them a farewell, coming againft the bigger Ship, the Golden Hind, he fent forth an horrible Voice, roaring like a L/cw, which Speaacleall plainly faw; there inftantly fol- lowed a grievous and violent Storm, which made the Waves rife fo high and horribly that all hopes of Safety had already " left them. Sir Humphry Gilbert, nothing d lunted, with his «' Book in his Hand, moft likely the Holy Bible, or, the good « Vicar, adds. The Common- Prayer; cry'd out aloud to his Company,, in thefe Words: ff^e are fo near to Heaven here at Sea as' at Land: A faying worthy a Chriflian Hero : Re repeated thefe Words, till at laft he was fwallowed up by the Waves. The Golden Hind, Capt. Hays, Com- mander, arriv'd fafely in England^ and the Mariners gave Knight, fcveral / noted, tl Spain, ai .1-- A — . i. — -i. ^U.^!.!* T #^A<4^«M * Two Years after. Sir Bernard Drah, another Devonjhire ' Knight, ,,.ai ! * !' t hath been riloms. IBuc time Merit, t's Condadt as to Capt. a very large Bvcrcnd Au- He dwells Dgnorticatcd ilionary and ople's Heads tie American Voices were ftood at the mples of the h I doubt the The Gene- mtrary, went chang'd their to go to Vir- there pafTed ,ion, to their 'imming after tj but rather s whole Body ich Fiflies are Water, not- Ives in open g, turning his as he wenti e bigger Ship, 'oice, roaring sinftantlyfol- ide the Waves ty had already inted, with his 2, or, the good t aloud to his Heaven hen iriflian Hero : fwallowed up Hays^ Com- Mariners gave The Hlflory of Newfoundland. ' ; Knichr, was fent thither with a Squadron of Ships, and took ^r cer.^rd fcveral Portu^^uefe Ships laden with FiOi, and Oil : ' fis to be "''''^* '""" noted, that the Portiigucfe were then Subjcdt^ to the King ot Spain, and confequently their Ships Prizes to the Enojijh. We had almoft always Wars with that King after the hrft * Rupture, in Qiiccn Elizahethh Reign; Capt. If^Htburn's Navigations to Newfoundlmd were interrupted by the 6>- nijh Armada's thrcatning a Dcfcent upon England, jnithum having Command of a Ship in the Fleet, which was equipp'd - to oppofe them. , In the Year i(Jo9, Mr. John Guy, A\Uvc\unto( Bri/fcl, ^^/^'>'^^,^, ^^ wrote a Treatife to encourage Pcrfons to undertake a Settle- jj:it.il/«rf. ment in Newfound/and, and by writing and Iblliciting the Bu- finefs fucceeded fo well, that in the following Year King James made a Grant of all that Part of the Ifland, from C./x? BonaviJI in the North, to Cape St. Mary's in the South, to Sir Lawrence Tanfield Lord Chief Daron, Sir John Doddendge r.t /?>/' Kind's Serjeant, Sir Francis Bacon Sollicitor-General, Sir Nffwt.n.nJ- Daniel Donne, Sir JFalter Cope, Sir Piercival Widmgkhy, bir ^^^^ ^ John Conflahle, John mid, Kfq, Mr. Ellis Crifp, Mr. i^/- ' • chard Bowdler^ Mr. Anthony liaviland, Mr. IVtiliam Lew/s, Mr. Humphry Hook, Mr. John Guy, Mr. Philip Guy, Mr. rVdIiam Meredith, Mr. John Doughtie and others ; who fenc over a Colony thither under the Diredlon of Mr. John Guy -* • of Brijfol, of which City he had been Sheriff in the Year i^o8, and was Mayor in i6i?., as was Mr. John Doughtie^ another of the Grantee's, in the Year 1620, and Mr. Hinn- phry Hook another of them in the Year 1629 ; I take Mr. Boivdler to have been alfo a Bri/lol Man, having met with that Name among the Magi ft rates of that City. Mr. G> ^^- G;y'^^ and his Company arriv'd at Newfoundland in 20 Days from ^f^;^ ,^^g. England; they landed at Concepmn-Bay, and built Houfes, or rather Hutts, for their Habitations during their flay, which ihews that from the beginning they had thoughts of going back again to Brijiol. Mr. Gr// behaved fo courteouily to the Natives, that he entirely gain'd their FriendHiip, and the EngOJh were not at all difturbed by them in carrying on their Settlement, as they were in Virginia. Indeed the Indians were very rarely feen on the £:*»/?, and AW/>^V7? Coafl of this illand, which the Englijh firft planted, and were but very few in Number in any Part of it. Mr. Guy ftaid here two Years, and then re- turn'd to England^ but Ibme of his Company remained after he was gone, probably about Conception-Bay, for Capt. IVynne^ of whom hereafter, mentions his Expedation of Men from thqnce, in his Letter to Sir George Calvert. He alfo fpeaks B 2 of P I ler Devon/hire Knight, Jji 1611. !■ C'Jpt. Whit- burn's Mer- maid, I The Hl/lory ^/'Newfoundland. of BrlJIol Plantation^ whcrp he found as good Rye grow aa in any Part of England. In the Year 1611. Capt. TVhithurn made another Voyage to Newfoundland, and the Arch-Pirate Peter Eaton came hi* ther with 10 Sail of ftout Ships, this Place being in thofe Days pretty much frequented by Pyrates, who traded with the Crews of the feveral Nations that fifh'd there, for fuch Things as they wanted, getting Money enough by their Plunder. Eaton being rich was defnous to leave his wicked Courfe of Life, and enjoy the Fruits of his Adventures and Perils in Peace, in his own Country; fo he engag'd IVhiihurn to fol- licite a Pardon for him, which IVhltburn underto 'c, and it was agreed that Eaton fhould lie off the Sireights Mouth on the Barhary Shore, to wait for it : But King James the firft's Minifters not being very fkilful and expeditious in their mari^ time Difpatche?, Eaton's Patience was tir'd our, and he en- tered the Streights with his Ships and Treafure, and, as JVhk^ burn writes, the Duke oi Savoy took him into his Service, tho* what Sea VVork he had for him to do, is not eafy to compre- hend. We are told there was very httle Froft this Year in Newfoundland all Winter long, which, if true, is next to a Miracle, as what I am about to relate, is, if not a Fable, the Prodigy being greater than that of the Devonjhire Vicar's Lion. JVhitburn attefts it to be true, that he faw it again and again in the Sobrietv of his Heart and Head j take it therefore in his own Worcls. <' As I was walking by the River's Side, in the Harbour of St. John's^ I faw a ftrange Creature, which very fwiftly camo fwimming towards me, looking chearfuHy in my Face, as if it had been a Woman ; by the Face and Eyes, Nofe, Mouth, Chin, Ears, Neck and Forehead, it.feeraed to be very beautiful and well proporiion'd, having round about the Head many blew Streaks refembling Hair. Another of my Company, yet living, .who was not far from me, faw the fame coming fwiftly towards me, at which I ftept back, for it wascome within the Length of a long Pike, fuppofing it wou'd have fprung aland to me, as I verily be- lieve it had fuch Purpofe. But when it faw that I went from it, it div*d a little under Water, and fwam towards the Place where it firft landed, and often look'd back towards me, by which means I faw the Shoulders and Back down to the Middle, white and fmooth as a Man's. It camp ftiortly after to a Boat in the. Harbour, wherein was my ^* Servant ff^lliam Hawkridge, who is now Captain of an " Ea/l-IndJaShip: The fame Creature put both its^ands f' on the bid^ of tk^ Bm^ and ftrove much to gee into it. u (( -- B4 "* m I ■\ (C i»iiillif' rmmttm '% Afterwards cook a long larion, and n in Cam- Newfound" tain.'" But ne he gave I any whi're lurhood, is rth Inquiry s well asac 'he Golden and Decays •s cut of the d, where I oce a Poet, ng Charles umfclf Or- ^mark, that , is more a ' there was rhis New- . at which IVood writ- but that he 8; iffohe , before hij \burn went I whom he of: Whit- or for Life, and Provi- ig, but that glifh Rover a ; in that t to Death, rid hinder'd ng at Iscuu' State, pro- ll'd Avalon^ ^eph of Ari- I landed ia :, whom he mierjttjhire^ Romanift, r\ r.^^^i Con* T!he Ilipry o/' Newfoundland. 9 fonformlji to the Church of England It i^ probable thefe ^Gentlemen, Sir 6W^. C..Wr/ arid D^- ^^^^^^^/^ ?he of Oxford, Calvert of Trimty, and Paughan oi Jf^^^l ;r.A«, Collecre, were Inhabitants of this Illand at the fame ^f sir g4^ had, as a Proteftanr, been Under-Secretary to Sir R.krt Ceal, then one of the Clerks of the Counci and afterwards prmcipal Secretary of State ; and as much a I apilt as he was, the Univerhty or O.fcrd choie him then- Repre- sentative in Parliament/^. D. .6.4, which proves that he was not in A^m^/iWW 'till after that Year, ^^to^^^^^ alfo created Baron of Balt-imort, m Ireland: His /_.eai tor the Romidi Religion, vvou'd have been no Lett to m. Fortune in King fames'^ CJpinion, xi he cou d have^ Dorne theReftraint of a difguiAi Proteaant, which he coud not, and fo refol/'d to withdraw to Newfoundland, for ConlcienCv- Sake, zst\^^ Puritans were at the f'^nic time for the iame Caufe withdrawing to Neiu-Eugland. I he A -^^/^••^'';f ;';^ ' Company making no ufe of ih.ir Patent, he procur d one for that Part of the Illand which lies between the hay of, Buds, in the EaA and C.pe St. Marf, in the 5././^, which was ereded into a Province, and called Avahn, as before men- ^'^Kow this Grant cou'd be made without the Confent of the former Proprietors, we cannot comprehend, for he letclea himfelf within their Limits, and he either agreed with them tor it or Kino; 7rt/«6'i invaded the Company's Property. ^^^EdoreSuW Calvert removM to Y^^^ff^^;::r fent Perfons to plant and prepare Things for his Reception. 0.pr Edward JVynne carry'd a fmall Colony thither m 1 6 2 1 , ha/ins a Commiflion from Sir George to be their Governor. He feated himfelf at /Vrry^wi, built a large Houfe, Oat- Houfes, and Store-Boufes, and Rooms to lodge his People. In May, the next Year, Capt. Daniel P John Prater.^ J fohn BevcU^ Stonelayer. 'Ben. Hacker, Quarry man. Nic.Hinckfon, Robert B Owen Evans. Mary Rujpl. Eliz. Sharpus. John Bayley. Jnn Bayley, his Wife. Widow Bayley. Jofeph Panfer. Robert Rczv, Fi flier man. Philip Lane.^ Coopdr. mil. Bond, i Boatfmafters. 'eterlVoitcn, S cklon, i ?tV2w^/5> Carpenters. P Will. Hatch, 3 iill'i^ Hinkfin, Henry Duke, ^oz'rSvmWcr. Grrgory Fle/hman,!^ fmiamSh.rpus, r^lor, ^^^^^^d Higgins^^^^^^ Capt. Tf'^yrm fet up a Salt- Work at Ferryland, which was brought to great Perfedion by Mr. John Hickjon. Wc read that the Lord Faidkhnd, Lord-Lieutenant ot Ireland, fenr a Colony to Neivfoundland in the Ycar_ 1623, under Mr. Francis Tanficld, probably in Concert with the Proprietors firft named, the Chief of whom was Sir Lau- rence Tanfirld, Lord Chief Baron ; but this Sir Francis Tan- field returned home without making any Settlement. ., Sir George Calvert, made Lord Baltimore, was fo well fatisfied with the Account given him of his Plantation ot Jvalon, that he removed thither with his Family, built a fine Houfe and ftrong Fort at Ferryland, and dwelt fhere feveral Years J as did Dr. Vaughan, on the other Side of the lOand The Briflol Plantation was in being ftill, and Con- ception, Trinity, St. John's, Cape de Raz and other Stages were every Year frequented by great Numbers o\ hnglijh Adventurers in the Fifliing Trade. The Lord Baltimore^ having a better Settlement in view at Plrginia, return'd to England to get a Grant of the Country, which is lince caird Maryland. However, he ftill retained the Property of Jvalon, and governed the little Colony at Ferryland by Deputies. His Son, Cecil Lord Baltimore, did the fame, till the Diftraaions in England, during the Civil Wars, ren^ 4er'd hisPofTeflkn precarious ^ and about the Year 1654, Sir David Kirk, whom I take to be a demolifli'd Cavalier, sir David ^o, to patch his tt«€r'd Fortune, refolved to change the^^^^j^^ su^ Climate, and try white that of America would not agree ' \KVm with it tfian that'of Britain had done. Having the ^ Warrant #. see ' f if: \i ' Tbe Hi/lory of Newfoundland. Warrant of the then Government, he went to Neivfoimdlandy and pofTefsM himfelf of the Lord Balfi?norc'h Plantation, which he afterwards treated with that Lord to purchafc'j but the Family of Calvert would never formally part with their Pretences, notwithdanding v/hich, Sir Dai-id lived there fome time , there he died, and gave his Name to a Sound in the .,jor Fl^yd had the Command; there a..- lUrracks for tnem with.,, it on tne Right Hand and on t;.e Left, and oppoute to the Gate ,s the Commander's Houfe, a very iair k,u-,ce, built a >^ Moderns, withSaflr Windows, now not (^ much regar..a as before the Englijh were put in Polieluon o! L laiin..i. Next to S/. 7«A«'s Town is, n Kittav'itty, . . Torbiiy, . • • Holyroody . ♦*• Salmon Cove^ • Havrs de Grace, Carbone^r^ . ♦ 20 Houfes and Farni'.ies. 4. Houfes. 12 30 'Ba\ ./■ H Tfje Hifiory of Newfoundland. 1 Houfes and Families. * ,; 1 • V I \ Bay Virch^ . . lo Old Parlikin^ * . 6 Trinity Harbour^ 4 I2 BonaviJ}^ . . .25 Greenpond^ ... 3 In all about 270 Families, each of which is very lart^e and all together, before the French deftioyed the SettlemerTts Kmnbn of from Cnpe de Ra% to 8t. John's Town, contained 4000 *'^*'^"''"''- iiVi/^ inhabitants. Men, Women and Children j tho' there were but 1 500 Souls Englijh in 16^?;^ the Numbers increafing . after the Race of 500 every Year, till they came to be up- wards of 4000. They have not increafed fo fmccj and notwithftanding the EtigUJh are in Poflefiion of the whole Ifland, the Number of Souls Engiifb is not now 6000. When the French landed, molt of the People fled to St. John's Town, and all that could croud into the Fort were fafe there, thofe that could not were abandoned to the Mercy of the Enemy, who burnt all the Houfes in the Weft End of the Town ; and the few they left, were, as they faid, only fpared that they might be a Receptacle for them when they came there again, which they threatned to do, but never did. They befieged the Fort with- 1000 Men. IVIajor Loyd^ who was then Governor there, having a pretty good Garrifon, made a gallant Defence for five Weeks to- gether, during which Time the French held them m continual Play, Night and Day^ with Attacks and A- larms; and at laft, wearied out with the vigorous Re- liftance they made, retired, carrying off half of the Engli/h Prifoners, with the reft, fecured themfelves and the beft of their Effects in the Fort. ,The French wanted Scores themfelves, and il^ the Sloop they expedled from ^iebec had arrived with Supplies, they intended to have attack'd the Redoubt again, and Vveftorm'd theFort Boafting, if they had St, John's Town, they would keep all the Filhery to themfelves. The EngUJh have not only had St. John's Town all along, but they have now alfo Piacentia^ St. Peter's and the whole Ifland of Newfoundland ; yet they have not kept, and cannot keep the Fifliery to themfelves. Under, the Name of New/' ndland^ call'd, as I have (aid already, The Land by Sea-men, the Ifles are compre- hended which lie on the Wejl-fide of it, in the Gulph of St. ipesin^i^ l^aurence : They are 15 in Number,, of which, the moft confiderable are Cape Breton Ifle, St. Joh^z Ifle^ ^^i^^llilcs long, 48 broad, and 270 in Circumference. 'Tis properly nothing clfe but a great Foreft of Fir-trees, furrounded with fteep iuuddianu. fteep Roc there fpok Anticojiiy Circuit: Canada^ 1 Between j was the 1 have no want the for they denfis it i 'Tis certa as far frc being th< Englifi) C Tho' The Lan it was nc and are yond C'c Century Greenpof Eaji?^ South'H the Nor at all ir Bays ui BonaviJ wards t' hour, t there is excellei Eaftan be moi of the On pa/eyy « Arms 1 St. Pi Leagu< dance as the Bay, \ modio has th buodr -> ■ i «t t- , 4 4w very large Settlements lined 4000 •y tlio' there ■s increafing e, to be up- fmce J and " the whole 6000. fled to St. Fort were ned to the •ufes in the c, were, as eptacle for hreatned to [ooo Men. ng a pretty Weeks to- them in ks and A- orous Re- the Englijh d the beft ited Scores ^lehec had ttack'd the ing, if they Fill! cry to 5/. John's centia^ St. they have ^es. I have (aid : compre- ilph of St. , the moft 9€r^ilcs is properly mded with fteep Tie Hi/lory c/* Newfoundland. IS fteeo Rocks. Cape Breton is Part of New-Scotland, and fhe?e fpoken of. 'xhe Ifle of JJfumpt.n is alfo called AntlcoL about do Leagues long, 12 broad, and i+o m St : nris fituated at' the Mouth of the g-t R^^^^^^^ Canada, and has a pretty good Haven, calU J^^^ (^J' Between Antuojii and the Flu IJland fome ^^^^^^^^J^' \^^^^ was the beft Cod-Fi(hmgi u 'o, and U is ^Z^f'^f^^l^ have no Right to Canada, .en the Irench v St ^kfary's, B fc ri I l6 T^e Hijiory of Newfoundland. Mile fVom the Harboiir*s Mouth. The Bay of Fhiijeriy near Grccnpond^ is dangerous for Shelves. The B.iy^of 77-^- faj})\ which was the Bounds of the EngUJh^ Southward, h'es in about \6 Dcg. N. L. is a bold and fafe Coaft, and convenient for Ships in Diftrefs to touch at, paffing to and from Virginia^ New-England^ or the Bermudas Iflands. Climate. The Climate is very hot in Summer and cold in Winter : The Naruralilb folve this by the bleak Winds that come off* from the Mountains of Snow and Lakes of Ice on that Continent, from the Lakes of the Maquns and IHnois^ &c. to the utmoil Bounds of North America, known to Euro- peam. The Snow lies on the Ground 4. or 5 Months ; and the Englif) in the Northern Parts were forced formerly from the Harbours into the Woods, during that Seafon, for the iTrfy (-/"//VMj^Conveniency of Firing. There they built themfelves Cab- »w Wmta. bins, and burnt up all that Part of the Woods where they fat down. The following Winter they did the fame i\\ an- other Place, and fo cleared the Woods as they went. The People at 5/. "Johh Town, who did not remove, were put to great Streights for Firing. Wood indeed there was more than enough j but the felling and fetching was very charge- - ' able. Capt. T^r^wir/x, who comr .ar.nded there, and was there - " in the Winter Seafon, told me, it was the greateft Part of the Profits of the fmaller Officers in'* the Garrifon to let out their Men to cut and fetch Wood Jat very good Rates. He faid there was hardly any ftirring ou't of the Houfe for five Months in the Year ; and I faw a I'letter, written in New- foundland by a Merchant, Mr. Jol^n Horjlmn of Plymouth^ whom Lofles in Trade had obliged to remove thither, whefe- in this Cold is reprefented almoftf as intcnfe as Fire, with which they endeavoured to alTwagfe it ; but at a great Ex- pence to thofe that indulged themselves in it. That Mer- chant lived \ind died therein Kijpg William*^ Reign i but very little recovered his Lofles by (it. Sdi Lirren. The Inhabitants have no Corn, jnor any other fort of Pro- vifion or NecelTdvies, except FiJlL Vemfin and Wild Fowl, but what is fent them from Eurppe. The Ifland is full of Mountains and impradicable Forfeits. Its Meadows are like Heaths, and are covered with la Sort of Mofs inftead of Grafs. The Soil is good for n^Dthing, being a Mixture of Gravel, Sand and Stones. Thus; fays the Baron La Hontatty and feveral Gentlemen, whom I have confulted on the Mai- tcr, particularly Capt. Francis above-mention'd ; and yet Mr. /'"I..-. r^ « Jfyhlth..^^ nr\A (rnvrk fh^m 1\/Tr Vieln»f <» vprv OuV", 'OapL. yt^ ijiiu:.:; ti, a.n,\X ix^JLta i.«^».« in-, ^ «.-., ., - — j TaVe D: learned Author, fet it out as a Paradife. Without the Labour ftri^thu :fit. of Mens Hands, fays Capt. Whitburn, the Earth produces great ■^ ..-'i -%:%: >*^Ci. tlu-I. ''. " . Co '% 1. of Fhxi}eriy B ly'of Tre- Southward, Coaft, and (Ting to and (lands, in Winter: It come off* [ce on that llinois^ &c, 1 to Euro- onths; and rrnerly from )n, for the ifelves Cab- where they fame m an- ient. The ;, were put e was more ery charge- J was there ;:eft Part of ti to let out Rates. He jfe for five n in New- f Plymouth^ her, whefe- Fire, with great Ex- rhat Mer- Reign^ but ort of Pro- Wild Fowl, id IS full of )ws are like inftead of Mixture of La Hontan^ 1 the Mas- ind yet Mr. , ., . -.J the Labour 'th produces great s /i' f^ J.tfttiraion tt.rJ. ■> trtfin Butx^ \ V .1 '•*' 0*,h^()tttm0v '■'■■■^and Cnm'ti. ' 'i-.v.V''- ■•■■ .-?>'■ , '% ^ ^ a. AlaMett i. ifu dhurry a. Jiruintre^ h. I^artJ-mcuth h r 4> o .■TlHivdhrtd^ J . Old Tau^e I ■*4'\ llVi'Tv^ York ,2^k^s/^Jx r siey-, and TXl"^ S I L^rAl^^lJL SCc . ^k H. Moll Ceettmvhtr f * J * O ... ... J.. f-^ v*-""f-'* im^^fi^m^ 5n<:it ^^^^^ '«^. '•a'^i ^^'J?. P y^jLCiy^ Jardy land %^ vat £a^ ifiarhor ■<^ — Mfiwi. i. ^ nammm, -— J" J 'Sff a.. Jlialdetx charity Tcii^rt a. Jirutntre h 7l*iivrnaut/t A., u. t; r t J rst-v Ls.t.:s m. Cancnt£u-t a.l^ar^h Ciuy -t. i^^ti^ Tffum-e ir V greatPUnty Strawberrii are there i Ground is intirely fall turerSy to . and Partne the >JuiT)t Patentees \ far ofF For fp'hitburn be inhabit 'tis in Tru habitable I'tjh for th wretched 1 ter'd by tl no fettled fter of a S command! vernor foi and it was Matters o hopes to LofTes ha( more nob Comman( thither tc Foreigner It fecms fore, that who got fiQce deai here, as i fo far, th Court, t( to the Sp trecht by Brijiol. the Min is knowr Nay, th baffy to were abi given to welconu K imM ne Uiflory of Newfoundland; 17 tredtPUnty of Green Peafe and great Store of Hay fponuneouilyi Strawberries, Rafpberries, MuUrrieSy Filberds^ and Cherries are there in abundance ; as alio Flowers ; and for Corn^ the Ground is as apt to bear as the Englifli. All which being intircly falfe, ftiews us that the firll Patentees and Adven- turers, to /America play'd the Cheat to draw in Purchafcrs and Partners, as our Jobbers do to raife Stocks and mcreafe the Muinbcr of Bubbles; for 'tis obvious that moft of the Patentees got in only to fell out • but the Market was too fo; ofF for them to make a Hand of it. Mr. Guy and Capt. iVbitburn were, as we may perceive, willing the Iflandftiould be inhabited, by the fair Defcription they gave of it ; for 'tis in Truth one of the raoil uncomfortable Places in the habitable World. As it is fcarce tolerable to the Eng- lijh for the Seafons, fo it is, or at lead it was, no lefif wretched for its Government, which I fuppofe is little bet- tered by the Change of the Seat of it. There ufually was Q,^„„„tnti no fettled Governor, but in time of Peace the firft Ma- iler of a Ship that arrived there in Fifhing Seafon, tho he commanded only a Bark of ^o or 40 Tons, was chief Go- - vernor for that Seafon, by the Stile of Lord of the Harbour -, and it was cuftomary fo long ago as Whitburn's Time, for Matters of Ships to hurry away too early in the Year in hopes to be firft at the FiOiery, by which he fays great Loffes had happen'd. In time of War the Government was more noble; for then it was lodged in the Commanders or Commander of the Squadron of Men of War, who was fent thither to defend the Fi/hers of our Nation, and to prevent Foreigners filhing there,which was always in their Inftrudions. It feems there was no more Care taken of that Filhery be- fore, than in the Utrecht Treaty ; and that the Spaniards^ who got fo much by that Treaty, that we have been ever fincc dearly paying fcr it, made fo bold with the Fifh-Trade here, as to pretend to a Right to it; in which they went ^.^^ ^^^^ fo far, that they fent one Gillingham an Irijh Paptjt to our nia^ds fre- Court, to get the Liberty of Fifliing at Newfoundland yielded t^ndutk, to the Spaniards by the Treaty which was managing at ^- ^ ' - trecht by the Earl of Siraffhrd and Dr. Robinfon Biniop ot Brijlol. That this Gillingham was far from being fnubb d by the Minifters for coming about fuch an impudent Buhnels is known to every one that knows any thing of the Matter : Nay, the Lord Lexington, who had not /efufed the hra- baffy to Spain, when that Monarchy and ^the mji'Indtes were about to be raviih'd from the Houfe of Jujirta and ■r^ 1 r A '. a1 .~U.. *U\o J^ifh Ponifl- was lO given to tne UUKc or nnjou^y luuug^ui. ;.ij« ^- .j«r * -j--— - -- - welcome to the Miniliry, that, in his Letter to the Lord Q Dartmouth^ j^B-ag,j^^j«-.»»'.>*^ .-^je*----- -T^fer- II: i8 ne Hijlory ^jf Newfoundland. Pi 'tii Conntendne'd m I 1 Dartmouth, then one of the Secretaries of State, he' fre quently sxcufes himfelf for^'not wri'ing upon that Subjed bccaufe rhey hid full Accounts of the Matter from Mr, Gillingham. Nay, the Queen's Plenipotentiaries above-men tioned went fo far, as to fuflPer a Qaufe to be inferted at the End of the 15 th Article of the Peace with Spain, whereby, to ufe the Words of the Report of the Secret Committee^ * they gave a Pretence to the Spaniards to claim a Right tj fijh at Newfoundland, contrary to the jth and %th Article 0) the Treaty mads with that Crown hy Sir William Godolphin. The Board of Trade being confuked in this Matter, made the following Anfwer to Lord Dartmouth^ dated January 13, ^ .^^Ujj.g^j^^X~ 12-13. IVe have conftdered the ExtraSi of a Memorial Articles, f^om the Marquis de Monteleone, relating to a Claim of tk Inhabitants of Guipufcoa, to fiJh on the Coajl of Newfound land ; and thereupon take Leave to inform your Lord/hip, that we have difcourfed luithfuch Perfons as are able to give us In- formation in thit Matter, and we find that fame Spaniards an come hither with Pajfes from her Majejly, and others may have fi/hed there privately ; but never any that we can learn did do it as of Ri^ht belonging to them. We fee by this, that even before the Conclufion of that French Peace the Queen's .PafTes had been given to the Spaniards, to take the Benefit of the moft profitable Branch of the Englijh Commerce. I thought it was better to put thefe things together, tho' they are antedated, that the Light in which they ftand might be the ftronger • the Spaniards have not carried their Point in it, and by the 4.th Article of the Treaty Mr. Dodington made in December, 1713, fome of the Ground loft to thera by the Utrecht Peace, was recovered, and all innovations made in Trade were to be aboiifli'd -, the moft fcandalous of which was their fifliing at Newfoundland, To return to the Subjedt, which has been interrupted by this. If there came two or three Men of War, the eldeft Captain was Governor of the Land, as well as Admiral at Sea : If but a fingle Man of War, the Commander had that honourable Office; and in the Abfence of the Captains of the Men of War, and of the Lord of the Harbour, the Commander of the Land Forces in the Fort of St. John's Town was Governor by his Place, and both the one and the orher were Lord Chancellors, and decided arbitrarily in all Cales. There is no need of much Law, for the Inhabitaints have not much Land, and no Money. They truck with one another tor what they want and have ; and Breaches 0/ the Peace, and taking away a Man's Goods without giving iuwrv, iicttuii^ ur xxas ana ramng-iacKie, una iicipatics on on Stflg€ vernor 1( The ( Criminal tence w: every 01 keteers ; Law anc Itaft Inc fent in C him, wh his Trial gain ; fu domy al As fo are the i of Noru if they < themfeh big here abound Foxes, [ Plenty c that eve almoft i Country infinite very br( Springs ( met wit venienci draws il 'Tis ind 'tis conf leded I French i themfeh in the! Coafcs ; as the C Befid( this Fifli and the is no lef with th( Hands, id. State, he fre n that Subjed :ter from Mr ies above-men inferted at th« irt;«, whereby ret Committee Right to fijh ' %th Article oj im Godolphin. Matter, made i January 13, •)f a Memorial a Claim of thi ff Newfound Lord/hip^ that to give us hi' ? Spaniards an nd others may an learn did do this, that even e the Queen's ke the Benefit h Commerce. :ogether, tho' :h they ftand t carried their s Treaty Mr. the Ground vered, and all I'd ; the moft undland. To ed by this, ir, the eldeft as Admiral at nder had that e Captains of Harbour^ the of 5/. JohrC^ e one and the litrarily in all le Inhabitants y truck with d Breaches 0/ athouc giving Liu JlicipaacS on TZt Hi /lory ^Newfoundland. 19 on vStages, are the main Caufes that come before the Go- vernor lor the time being. The Governor here for the time being fummoned the Criminal, whatever be the Crime, before him, and his Sen- tence was definitive. If it was the Land Officer, he kept every one in awe, by threatning them with a File of Muf- keteers; and as much as they were, and ftill are, without Law and Lawyers, the Want of them was and is one of their leaft Inconveniencies. If a Man commits Murder, he is c.tpttai fent in Chains to England^ and unlefs Witnefles are feat with W^j«»« him, which is expenfive, and not always poflible, he takes "' '^'"'* his Trial at the Old Baily, is acquitted, and goes home a- gain ; fuch was the Cafe of a Perfon who was accufed of So- domy about 30 Years ago. As for the Produd of this Country, Fir and Spruce-trees p„^„^. are the moft remarkable. They are as fit for Mafts as thofe of Norway * but People go to Newfoundland for Cod, and if they can catch that, there is no great need of troubling themfelves with Spruce or Fir. Lime and Birch-trees are as big here as any where j and almoft all forts of Timber-trees abound in this Kland. As for ^uadrupedesy Deer, Hares, ^^^v^^ * Foxes, Squirrels, Wolves, Bears, Beavers and Otters afford Plenty of Food, Pleafure and Traffick j but Fifli is the thing that every Body goes thither for : The Sea, on this Coaft is almoft full of it; as Cod, the Staple Commodity of ihe pijh. Country, Salmon, Herrings, Mackarel, Flounders, and an infinite Number of Trouts in the Rivers, which are not very broad, nor long^ but there is enough of them, and of Springs of good Water. Fowl for Food and Game is to be met with every where of all Sorts, and is the greateft Con- venience in the Country. But the Tr de is the Magnet which draws fuch Numbers of Voyagers and Adventurers after it. 'Tis indeed one of the moft beneficial in all Commerce ; 'tis confefb'd fo to be, and yet it has been miferably neg- leded by the £«^/#, who, thereby, not only gave the French Opportunities to fall into it, but to fettle and fortify themfelves in this Ifland ; by which Means they rivalled us in the Trade of that Fijb which was caught on our own Coafcs ; for thofe of Newfoundland are as properly fo call'd as the Coaftr of Cornwal. Befides the great Profit which particular Merchants make by this Fidiery, the Seamen it breeds, theTradefmen it maintains, and the Shipping it requires, the Increafe of the National Stock is no lefs than 3 or 400000/. yearly ; for a Ship of loc Tons, with the Charge only of Vid' lals and Fiiliing-tackle for 20 Hands, ihall bring to Market, in Poriugai, Spam, wr ita^y, Ca S^^o^'^- \( 20 ^e Hiftory ©/'Newfoundland. 'fill ■4 3 000/. worth of FiQi, and clear at leaft 2000/. to the Proprietors, and confequently encreafes the publick with private Stock. r/;e Banks. Tho' our Fiflicrs fcldom fifli on the Banks, but off the Harbours in Sloops, yet the Great Bank and the others are fo much talk*d of, that 'twill be expe£led we fhould fay fomethino; of them^ Thefe Banks are vaft Shoals of Sands lying along in the Ocean, at feveral Diftances from the Shore. The Great Bank is about 20 Leagues from Cape de Raz^ the neareft Point of i^and to it. It is 300 Miles long, and 75 broad ^ the Sea that runs over it is, when 'tis Flood, feveral ' Fathom deep, and the largeft Ships may venture upon it ' without fear of ftriking, except at a Place called the Virgins^ where 'tis thought feveral Ships have been caft away ; for many paffing near them have never been heard of. The next Bank is Fert Bank, about 240 Miles long, and 120 Miles over, where 'tis broadell. Then Banquero Bank ly- ing in the Shape of a Shoe, about the Bignefs of the other. Then the Shoals of Sand-IJland, Whalc-Bank, the Shoals q{ Acadia, and the Bank of the Ifland of St, Peter\ Bay. Off the latter, now or lately almoft wholly frequented by ' ^ • the French, and on the Coafts there have been 6 or 700 Sail of Ships fifliing at a Time. Round the Great Bank, which is cover'd when the Sea is high, and dry in fomc Places at ebb, there are ^00 Fathom Water on all Sides of it; and about it \\^. feveral fmall IJIands, call'd Los Buchaloos, the Ifles of Cod-Fifh, from the prodigious Quantity of Cod there. The Fifliing Sea Ton is from Spring to September ; the 20th of Auguft, fome Years ago, ufed to be the lafl: Day of the Sea- fbn, and kept as sj Holiday; but lately the Fifhers ftay longer : And whereas before they ufed to fail for Portugal and the Streights in September, they now feldom fail till OSiober. They filh always in the Day-time, the Cod not biting by Night. Train-Oil is drawn off the Livers of the Fifli, which are thrown up in Heaps when the Cod is cured ; and from thence is drawn all the Oil which comes from New- foundland. There are two Sorts of Trade in this Navigation ; the one, and I believe the more profitable, confidering the Risk is le{s, is that driven by the Fiflierjj themfelves, who only vidual and man their Ships at Biddifird, Pool, Dartmouth, and other Weftern Ports chiefly, and go away early to fifli, having the Hands and the Ships neceflaiy. The other is, when the Mafters fail diredtly to the Land 'O purchafe Car- goes of Fifli of the above-mentioned Fifliers, or the Inhabitants off their Stages. Almoft all thefe Inhabitants, Mafters of Families in whole, gr in Partnerfliip for fifliing and Fifli are ready ready to t with Bill inent of protefted, and to mj and Irelc Spain an( Sugar IQ; It will dians of different not imaj call'd In pie of E Chance another Indians, Wv.re tb O.antri ners, el] ther Co! them hj the Cur only in{ Natives lijh ; bi Canada lijh, wl themfcl ing bei more n fenfible am fatii either J it then native Pettic( Stature their '. Briton than t Engla) meane They The J Proprietors, ite Stock, but off the e others are fhould fay lis of Sands n the Shore, pe de RaZy es long, and loodjieveral ture upon it the FirginSf I away ; for rd of. The g, and 120 TO Bank ly- if the other. the Shoals Peter's Bay. equented by en 6 or 700 Great Bank^ dry in fome 1 Sides of it; uchahos^ the >f Cod there, r ; the 20th J of the Sea- Fifhers ftay Portugal and 1 till Oaoher. ot biting by )f the Fifh, cured; and s from NeW' ligation; the ing the Risk s, who only , Dartmoutby sarly to fifh, fhe other is, mrchafe Car- te Inhabitants . Mafters of and Fifh are ready The Hi/iory 5/* Newfoundland. 2t ready to traf!ick with thefeTraders,who purchafe their Cargoes with Bills of Exchange at two Months Date, of the Pay- ment of which, great Care is taken j and they feldom are protefted, but they have been fometimes, to my Knowledge, and to my Lofs too. The Cod that is fliipp'd for Great Britain and Ireland is inconfiderable to what is fent to Portugal, Spain and Italy ; fome Fifh is fhipp'd for Barbadoes and the ^ Sugar Iflands. r ^ t It will be expected we fhould fay fomethmg of the In- Indians. dians of this IQandj but there is little to be faid of them different from the Indians of other Parts of America. I can- not imagine how thefe or any other Americans came to be call'd Indians^ or their Countries the Weji Indies. The Peo- ple of Eaftern Afta had that Name from the River Indus^ and Chance or Whimfy only could give it to the Inhabitants of another World, as Columbus's was deem*d and term'd. The Indic^ns. or Natives, when the Europeans firfl wrote of them, w.re the chief Subjed of their Writings; but now their O.antries are fo much frequented, their Cufloms and Man- ners, efpecially of the Borderers on Englijh, French and o- ther Colonies from Europe.Co well known, that an Account of them has nothing in it fo marvellous and rare as to content the Curiofity of the better fort of Readers : I fhall therefore only infert what I faid of them in my firfl Edition. The Natives of this IQand don't correfpond much with the Eng- lijh J but the French have had fome Dealings with them from Canada, They fay they are a tradable People ; and the Eng- lijh who have dealt with them, fay the fame. They pamt themfclves, and are clothed with Stags-Skins, all their Cloth- ing being an Apron of it round their Waifts ; which is the more remarkable, becaufe other Parts of their Bodies were as fenfible of Cold as their Waifls ; and as to their Modefty, I am fatisfied there was no Diflindion amongfl them in Drefs, either as to Modeflyor Immodefly, till thQ Europeans taught it them; and whether they got any thing by exchanging their native Simplicity and Ignorance for European Breeches and Petticoats, may be very well doubted. They are of fmall Stature, broad faced and breafled, their Joints well knit and their Limbs ftrong, as were, doubtlefs, our Forefathers the Britons, when they knew no more, nor cared for no inore than the Indians, They had no Beards. This, in New- England, was owing to a Cuflom, or rather Law, that: the meaner fort fhould thereby be diftinguifhed 'from the greater. They were crafty, great Pilferers, dextrous at making Ca- -..^.ge -p. J irpfrfips . Kiif we are not told of what Metal. Thf Indianrmthi Carihbee Iflands made a fort of Earthen Q J Pots I HiM*i' frij^tf^^f^, : 22 t The Hiftory c/* Newfoundland. t I #,: Pots that would bear the Fire ; but I no-where find that the Indians of North America had the ufe of Iron, and much lefs of Copper or Brafs Utenfils, before the Europeans brought it amongit them. The ancient Writers tell us they believe in a God ( 1 am afraid they are rather Poets than Hiftorians) which created all things, and Men and TVotnen, by taking a Number of Arroivs and Jlicking them in the Ground^ from whence they jpring up. One of their Segamores being ask'd what he thought of our Religion and the Trinity (the laft a very foolifh Queftion to be put to* one that had not been prepared to receive it by Revelation) anfwcred, according to the Hiftory, which I very much fufped:, There is one God., one Son, one Mother and the Sun, ivhich are four-, yet God is above all. A much wifer Anfwer than I believe the Man that queftioned him could have made to a Point of lefs Difficulty. The ^^^^^^i. Voyagers add, Someofthe?n converfe vifibly with the Devil, ^C^.^.^A i^ L: ^[^^ fr°^'^ the Devil received Advice concerning their IVars ^>id other Matters. This is certainly as true as the reft con- cerning their Religion. The Europeans carried this fame Devil along with them to America, where he was never heard of before, and whatever they think fit they make the Indians do with them. Their young Women, at fifteen, lie with as many Men as they pleafe for 5 or (> Years, then each of them choofes one for a Husband, and is afterwards very con- itant to him. They fet their Dead in' the Ground upright, with their Goods and Provifions as for a long Journey. They are great Dancers and Singers, and in their Dances the Wo- men often throw away the little Covering they have, and frisk about naked, perhaps without committing any Part of the Offence in the Adtion which \hQ Europeans do even in the Ideas of it. The Hiftorical Events of this Ifland, from Sir David Kirk's coming thither to the firft French War, are too trivial to remember, confifting only of common Accidents in Life TheEnmy among Fidiers and their Trai?ick. After the Revolution and Pliem.r ^^^ breaking out of theWar,the Englijh and French there, as well as elfewhere, fell upon one another as often as they had an Op- portunity of doing it with Advantage : The Engli/h began firft and with three Men of War, the St. Albans, a third Rate of 66, Guns, the Commadore's Ship, attack'd Placentia • but were fo warmly received by the French, that they were forced to retreat, making a very idle Excufe for it, that they did not think the Enemy had been fo well prepared to receive them. The latter were much more fucc^fsful in their Attempts ori the Engltfj i for in the Year i^^6, a Squadron of their Men of War, the Pelican^ the Diamond^ taken from the Englijh^ Englijh, t the f^enda, Frigat, C; but ihe g could to The Engl but at the cou'd not near ten Squadron utmoll Fi Hours, ai iide next and drov< then fir'd the Ships ing his Sfc Officers the Wo( came on blown u^ Room. their wa] by the E Harbour Settleme they lan< of the E with eq French r them to him to and deli his Lieu and fent by Excl Settlemi bours. King afliore, order'd mandec under t nor of don'd i IheHiJiory «/" Nev^oundland. 23 nd that the 1 much lefs brought it WUeve in a ians) which a Number whence they 1 what he 'ery foolifh repared to "le Hiftory, ie Son, one 've all. A queftioned ulty. The the Devily heir IVars e reft con- this fame lever heard :he Indians lie with as ni each of very con- id upright, ley. They s the Wo- have, and ly Part of o even in Sir David too trivial Its in Life olution and ere, as well lad an Op- began firft, ird Rate of J but were forced to 7 did not eive them, ^tempts on n of their from the Englijh^ Enflijh, the Count de Thouloufe, the Harcourt, the PhiUpy KVtVendangt and fome FireOiips, came up with the Saphire Frigat, Capt. Clead,y, of^Cape Spear, ^nd gave her Chacj j but llie got inro the Bay of Bulls, wnere Clead>y did all he could to fortify the Place in the little Time he had for it : The Englijh who liv'd in the Harbour came to his Affiftancc,n.^^Fr rch but at the Approach of the French they all ran away, and^^Q^n,, cou'd not have done much good by ftaying, the Enemy being near ten to one. On the nth of 6^. the whole French Squadron came down upon the Saphire, and fir d with the ♦ utmoll Fui y. Capt. Cleasby made a brave Defence for two Hours, and brought molt of his Ships Guns to bear on the lide next the French; who at the fame Time made a Defcent, and drove the Englijh ^ho were there into the Woodsy they then fir'd on the Saphire's Men from Shore, as well as from the Ships, and it was in vain for Cleasby to think of maintain- ing his Ship any longer, fo he fet her on Fire, and with his Officers and 35 of his Crew, followed his Countrymen into the Woods. When the Saphire was on tire, 40 French came on board, endeavouring to extinguidi ;tj but were all blown up into the Air, as foon as the Fire reach d the Powder Room A 100 more ofthc%/;ir/s Crew made the beftot their way towards Ferryland, but were interrupted and taken by the Enemy. Capt. Cleasby and his Company reach d that Harbour, where he and they did their utmoft to defend that ^, peny- Settlement againft the French, who came and attacked it i land, they landed 600 Men, who approached within Mufket Shot of the Englijh. very refolutely, and the EngliJJ^ fir'd upon them with equal Refolution, which oblig'd them to halt. The i^rm/. return'd their Fire, ard fent a Trumpet to fummon them to furrender. Capt. Cleasby, feeing 'twas impofljble ^or him to repell fo many Men with fo few, came to ^ Treaty ^^^^ .^ and delivcr'd up the Place, which was not tenable. Himfelf, his Lieutenant, and his 35 Men were made Pnfoners of War and fent to France, from whence they returnd to £^^W . ' by Exchange. The French deftroy'd that and all the hvg^^Jh Settlements, except St. John\ Bonaviji, and Carboncer Har- °King miliam being informed what Damage they had done alhore, and how they interrupted their Filliery on the Coaft, order'd a Squadron of Men of War to be equip d, and com- manded by Admiral Nevel, and 15 00 Men were put on board under the Command of Sir John ^^'f^'^J'^'n'''' v ''" nor of Portfmouth. Admiral Nevil, fail'd the following Year, ,^^. .^A .rrm?na at Newfoundland, the French immediately aban- don'd aU th? Places they had taken from the En^UJb, Moni. C 4 rtfw// .....; jitoOuilW""*' i—^-r"-"- # «!il ,11! . 24 T/je UifioKjt of Newfoundland. Ponti was at the fame time on tlvit CoaPc, with a Squadron o^ French Men of War, and Admiral Nevel fell in with him, but loft him in a Fog : It does not read well at all. This Expedition was generally thought to be in ill Hands. Gibfin was a Soldier, but nothing elfcj and Nevil was not fo dili- gent as was requilite, to have to do with fuch an adlive, vigi- lant Enemy as Ponti. Sir John Gib/on held a Council of War, and the Sea-Officers affifting at it, ^'twas debated whether they fhould purfue Ponti The latter were for it, but the Land , Officers againft it, Ponti having more Ships than JSIevil. If fo, 1 do not think Nevil Hiou'd have been prefs'd to purfue him. The Marquis de Nefmond having joined Ponti^ there's Reafon to believe they might both together be fuperior to Nevil in Number of Ships, and we fee by this, the laudable Care the French Court took of their Trade. The French ap- peared ofFof Sc. John's with 15 Men of War, and Nevil hid but 12 Ships of lefs Force in the Bay, but the French did not think fit to attack them in the Harbour j and upon their re- treating, Gib/on put his Sodiers afliore, where he built a re- gular Fort, which he call'd Fort William^ and then reim- bark'd his Men and return'd to England, leaving Lieutenant- Colonel Handaftde Commander there, with a Garrifon of 80 Men. The Englijh have made fuch forry Work of their American Enterprizes, that one is afham'd to report it, and if there fliould ever be occafjon for another, it will be 1 hope better concerted, or better executed than any of them hath hitherto been, except only the Squadron that lately block'd up the Spamjh Plate Fleet '\n their Port, the Concert and Execution being in that equally wife and happy. Tho' the Peace of Ryfwick had put an End to theHofti- lities between the Englijh and French^ yet King William judg'd it neceflary to fend another Squadron of Men of War Sh)ohn ^° Newfoundland, to fee every thing in good Order. Norris, here. Captain Norris, the Admiral now living, and* (erving his , Country, had the Command of that Squadron, and a Com- 1655. million to be Governor at Land alfo j and for the Encourage- ment of this very beneficial Trade, an Ad: of Parliament paft about the fame Time, That no Alien or Stranger whatfo- ever^ mtrefiding within the Kingdom 5/ England, Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick upon Tweed, Jhall at any time hereafter take Boat or ufe any Sort of T^ade or Fijhing what' foever in Newfoundland, or in any of the Iflands adjcfcent, which /t^llS^f ^"^^^ ^^^ ^^^""'^ ^^^^ ^^P^ Breton- rjle as well as the reft, to the £ng^"l Mr- Harley, and Mr. St. John, advifed the Queen to give Jiili. It Un fn flip rV»mmr»n Vnt^mxi nnA ^U^- -^^ f^- *U_ '- -» — •'•"'' -^vea.«4W44 ^HMV&i^jr^ Hi*U> U4Ak iVfV i\Jl fciiv VCiy French C rei9&id % Col./ fuccode there bei: der's Cui not beinj much th Ther another ftanding Trade o be at th( Year O in Fort i joy it lo made G Year by made fe and {b i and one Anev and En^ Sir J oh deftroy' Bay of J chords of Fort lijh', tl to the made a my left deftroy them h light 01 Exchar French After 1 remair Comn Enemj they al Jackfo Placen Til St Jo 'The Hijlory o/'Ncwfoundland. 25 a Squadron with him, ; all. This is. Glbfon not fo dili- i^ive, vigi- cilofWar, hetherthey It the Land JSIevil. If to purfuc '«//, there's fuperior to he laudable French ap- 1 Nevil had nch did not 1 their re- built a re- then reim- ^ieutenant- rifon of 80 rk of their iort it^ and 1 be 1 hope them hath :ly block'd oncert and theHofti- ig William Jen of War 3d Order, erving his id a Com- Lncourage- ament paft \er whatfo- dominion of t any time nng what' enty which IS the reft, :en to give . *u_ iiiv VCiV" Frmk French Commerce, which as the Report fays, the Parliament rei»&ed with great Indignation. Col. Handajide going for England, Capt mBam Lilburn ';^\IZ, fucceeded him here, in ihc Command of Fort iVilham, onta,y„7ior. therebeingPeace with i7v7«f^, few Events worthy the Rea- der's Curiofity happen'd in this Country ^ where the 1* ifhery not being difturb'd, new Inhabitants came every Year, "^^o- J*;^^^"^^« much that the People doubled in 3 Years JimQ. _ " The next Year 1700, Sir Andrew Lake arriv'd therewith another Squadron of Men of War ; King JVilliam, notwich- ftandingit was a peaceable time, thinking the Newfoundland Trade of fo much Importance, that it was worth the while to be at the yearly Charge of a Squadron to defend it This Year Capt! Z/7^r.r« relign'd the Command ot the Garrifon^^PJ.^H^m; in Fort miliam, to Capt. Humphry Haven, who did not en- G.vcmor. iov it long, for in the enfuing Year, Capt. John Powel v/^scapt. John made Governor of the Fort; he was fucceeded the next Powel Go- Year by Col. Michael Richards, who bemg a fkillful Ingineer, -^^ ^.^^^^^ made feveral Improvements at the Fort, added other Wop, R;,hards, and fo ftrengthen'd ft, that 'tis a very regular Foruhcation, Governor, and one of the ftrongeft in America. ^ Anew War with France commencing in 1702, the Frenco and Englijh went very early into it in thefe Parts o[ t^^^orld. Sir John Leake, arriving here with a Squadron of Men of War, deftroy'd % French Men of War, and 30 Merchantmen, m the Bay of St. Peter\ and attacked and raz'd the Fort, Col. i2i- ^H'^^^'^* chards returning to England.C^^t. Lloyd was made Governor of Fort miliam. Thenext Year, 1705, was fatalto the/i«^- lijh' the French entered St. John's Town, and laid Siege to 'the Fort with 1000 Men; the Englijh, it is faid, made a vigorous Defence for five Weeks, and then the Ene- my left the Place, after having burnt moft of the Houfes and deftroycd all the Fiftiing Stages. They carry'd away with them half the Inhabitants, efpecially all the Youth they could litrht on. Thofe they fent to France, came to England by Exchange ; others, for want of being exchang'd, enter'd the French Service ; and fome were kept in Servitude at ^ebec - After this Deftrudion at St. John's-Town, the Engli/h M remained there built their Houfes round the Fort, under-thi Command of the Cannon, for fear of another Infult from thd,:^;,. Enemy. Within the Palifadoes drawn round this new Town, they alfo built a Church, whofe Minifter was lately Mr. John Jack/on. But fmce the Englijh have beai m PofTeffion of Placentia, all thefe Precautions are now of little or no ufe here. i. "it I Ti^. im ic miirh larger than everpK^j.„ St John'^ was, or was like tg be. When the French had it. I 26 Hje Hijlory of Newfoundland. there were a Governor and a Lieutenant-Governor, a Major, 3 Captains, and Subaltern Officers, 3 Companies of Soldi- ers, Gunner, i Bombardier, 3 Serjeants, lo Mafons, and other Artihccrs, 500 fighting Men, befides 300 Indians and Canadians-^ but the Engfijb have nothing Ukc it. The French came hither no more afccr this Defcent at St, 'John^-Town^ and they have now no Settlements in th^ Idand, but they have Cape Breton- Ijle, and all the Coaftsof this and the other adjacent Illes, tor the ufe of their Fifliery, to dry their Firties on Stages. TheCejJlonef The Ceffion of the French Part of Newfoundland to the riacencia, Er.glijh was, as in the Queen's Speech to the Parliament & an '^ ' k anim- Article of the Utrecht Peace. Her Majesty's Words, The the Enf>;liih-rrencn conjent to deliver up JS eiujoundland and rlacentia-^ but Minlfieru the Secret Committee ohkrvQ^ it muft he remember d that in the Preliminaries, yJ^wV in Sept. the French had refer v'd to them- Jelves a Liberty of taking and drying Fijh in Newfoundland. A grofs Impofition this on the Englifh Nation What ufe can the French have for Newfoundland^ but to take and dry their Firta } Canada^ the greaceft Colony they have any where, is within half a Day's Sail oi Neiufoundland^ Cape Breton-IJle almoft joining to it, and the Coaft of Newfoundland^ chiefly for their Purpofe to interrupt or interfere with our Filhery. They do not want Placentia, being fo ftrong as they are on the adjacent Continent, and it is a (mall Strength or Conve- nience to the Englijh^ who have fo near them the main Strength of the French in America. Fifhing Harbours we had enough before, and do ftill make ufe of them, and thofe Har- bours were fecure enough in time of Peace. They have not, by the Utrecht Peace, got one Coaft nor one Stage from the French Fifhing, but have abfolutely given up our Right to the rnoll commodious Place for us to fifli at in all that Part of the World ; a Place that almoft joins to New-Scotland^ which is contiguous with Nsw-England-^ a Place that intercepts the Communication between Newfoundland and the neighbour- ing Colonies, and covers the French Colonies and Fiflieries, jfever theire fiiould be occafion to attack them. Upon the ,„ whole, let the Value of that Ceftion, Cape Breton-Ifle, aban- f^on'd by us to the French^ and that of taking and drying Filh ;in Newfoundland, which in fliort is the Newfoundland Trade, be fairly weigh'd againft the Advantages of our having Pla- centia^ it will prefently be feen that the latter is a Feather in the Scale againft Gold; and let it be caft up how much the garrifoning and governing that Place, and its Appurte- nances, have coft the isKg-Z^yi) m 30 Years, without a Penny- worth of real Service in all that Time, or ever like to be, in 4" Cafe Cafe of s ftrong in it will be Intereft, ' of Shrew:, done the in Newfo the Frem Duke ma originally of above right Ow we ourfel I find and Col, fBcaW Inf •iiiitiilifi , a Major, s of Soldi- ifons, and idians and ent at St. this Ifland, 3f this and ry, lo dry nd to the ament, an ords, The •entia-^ but that in the d to them' foundland. What ufe e and dry my where, Breton-IJle 'dj chiefly r Filhery. ::y are on )r Conve- the main urs wehad hofe Har- have not, I from the ight to the lat Part of nd^ which jrcepts the leighbour- Fifiieries, Upon the IJIe, aban- IryingFilh nd Trade, iving Pla- a Feather ow much Appurte- a Penny- : to be, in Cafe T'fe Hijlory of Newfoundland. Cafe of a Rupture with the French^ who arc no where fo ftronR in America^ as within almoft Sight of Placentia, and it will be found how rightly the French Court judg'd for their Intercft, when they rejedted all Pr^ipofals made by the Duke of Shrewsbury^ the Qiieen's AmbalTador, for having Juftice done the Ens^lljh, in the Articles af taking and drying Fifh in Newfoundland^ and the delivering up Cape Breton-IJle to the French. Both which they infifted upon keeping, and the Duke made no more Words abour. it. Thus was this Trade, originally and rightfully our own, eftablifli'd by a Pofleflion of above loo Years, render'd in a manner precarious to tho right Owners, and fecur'd, with greater Advantages than ever we ourfelvcs cnjoy'd, to Intruders. I find Col. Moody made Governor of Placentta^ m 171% and Col. Gledhill \n 17 19, ofwhofe Management, having feiall Information, I can add no more to this Article. 27 \ ' THE ui;^.->.eat all the Men from the Deck, fo that they cou'd not qfe their Guns, their Ship having but one Deck. Among othefi< there were two Jefuits aboard, one of which being more bold than wife, endeavoured to fire one of theirCannon, and was fhot. Jrgal having taken the Ship landed his Men,march'd to,and fummoned theForttofurren. der : t^i French ask'd timetp confider of it, which was deny d. upon which they got privately away, and fled "^jo the Woods Th^EngliJh enterM it and lodg'd there that Night, and the next Day the French came in and yielded to Sir Samuel Argal^ cancelling the Patents that had been granted them for their Settlement by the French King. The Kings of Europe it feems look on every Country as their own, which any of their Subjedts fet Foot upon in America-^ as if none but £«r./».a«i cou'd have Property either to Land or Seas, it they thought fit to turn the Owners out of thetn. Sir W^/ fuffer'd fuch of the French as were fo difpos d to take Paf- fage for Europe in the Fiihing Ships and took the reft with \Llo Virginia, according to their Choice The ^rm* had another Settlement, at a Place they cal'd P.rz-^^M on a Bav on the South Weft Coaft of .^f^/^^^ ; which thej:wo Tetuits had left out of pique to their Uovernor, ivioni. men- i^«r/,andwiththercFrm^w«f€parated from the others, ^a- Canada to the W{ from 43 to 5 1 D the neareft to iS/ji rence^ has almo bited and defe no ufe of it. and Settle Cabot's Ac the Vi ^ Continqi^ Expeditii ginia^ ward, as fi five or (% arriv'd in^ tni White Men-, ward of,th as fan as it Virginia and fourtd a betong'd to f#m« : fi 30 %€ Wflory of New-Scotland. 1622. ther l^'iard, the fiirvivmp: Jcfuit, out of Malice to Biencourt^ jnforni'd hir Sa?,iU£l ^rgal of the Settlement at Pori- Royal, and the cafe with v,niich he might reduce it; which, uponEx- perienvje, he found ro be true, and on the Surrender of the Dench^ he did no Damage to their Houfes, their Barns anu Mills, fuch as they were, but oblig'd them to quit the Country. They had fow'd and reap'd, and thofc of them mat did not care to return home, remov'd to the River of St. Laurence^ where; now is the Capital of American France, I know not whether thefe Acadian French were not the firft Settlers of that now formidable Colony, fojpiidable in BarrcLmels, Froft and Snow ; thanks perhaps to the want of Manage- ment of the Englijh^ who poflefs the warmer, the more plea- fant, and fruitful Clime. My Author fays, Argal return'd to yirginia^ fatisfy'd with the Plunder he got in thefe two Settlements ; if lb, I fufpeft that a very little fatijficd him. When Sir Ferdinando Gorges was P-efident of the New- England Com^my, he proposed to ^irimiajn Alexander^ to procure a particular Grant for the Land to the North ,vard of their Patent, which was eafily obtained of King James the Ift, and a Year after, 1622, Sir IFiUiam, and Ibme others whom he had got to be concern'd with him, fent a Ship with Paflengers to plant and fettle there. Newfoundland v/zs then very well known on Account of the FiHiery, and the Ship being late ia her Voyage, the Mafter put in and wintered there. The nen Year they fet fail, and made the Promontory at the North Shore of Cape-Breton Ifland. They coafted it along till they came to Cape-Sable, in Acjdia, where they found three good Harbours, and went afhore at one of them, which they called Z«Ms-l^ay, in which was a large River that had 8 Fathom Water at ebb. This Ship fail'd up one, and ac- >^»^/^^r- cording to the Accounts that were publrfli'd by thofe that c!«'V^ J*'' were to be Sharers in the Patent, this Country, one of the thcrlLtL^^^ miferable that ever was inhabited even by Barbarians, IS defcribed as a kind of Paradife. As they fail'd up the River they fawoneach Side flowery Meadows, and a charming Profpedtof green Hills, and iliady Groves ; which fhould have been indeed high Mountains and thick Forefts: The Fields were deckt with Rofes red and white, andLilies of a fragrant fmell : Coaftint' thence along to the next Harbour, they came to a broader and deeper River, and a more lovely Profped: than before: The Soil was rich, ftor'd with Fruit and Grain, Goofeberries and Strawberries grew there in abundance, and what is the moft incredible of all. Rv*» Rarl/.xr n^A wru^^,-. u.... .u^r- .Voyageri did not fay who planted them, for there was not a mortal Man to be feen there; however failing to the next Harbour, Harbour fame, fr» Cod, an tie withe more th< whole W cocks, F ber Tre But with there: i went ab of the C in to pla rial for \ Peace er here fevi Year, 01 fame W by Kin^ rietta A next Y have be TheW not ho\^ as that River, the Sow Sir W; lows di of Kin dom, V the Frei public^ he atten tells th( when, c King O! Revolu Commi Wha New-S Englijh Grant. " fide « ^Kiri Biencourt^ ^ or i' Royal y , upon £x- rrender of icir Barn:;, quit the c of them .iverofSt. ce. I know rft Settlers larrcnnels, • Manage- nore plea- ?/ reiurn'd thefe two d him. the New- ander, to forth ,vard James the ne others Ship with 1 was then I the Ship wintered Dmontory :oafted it hers they of them, liver that :, and ac- hofe that ne of the irbarians. Liver they rofpedtof m indeed re deckt Coafting )ader and re: The rries and the moft UL vas not a the next Fiarbour, %e Hijlory of New-Scotland. 3» Harbour, %6 Miles farther, they found the Country ft ill the fame, fruitful and beautiful : The Rivers were ftor'd with Cod, and other Fifh, great and fmall: But that fignihcd lit- tle without the Charms of the Fields and Hills, there being more than Filh enough in the neighbouring Sea to furnilli the whole World. There was Plenty oi Fowl at Land, as Wood- cocks, Pigeons, Blackbirds, Wild-Geefc, Herons; And Tim- ber Trees of all kinds, llrong Wood, and fweet Wood. But with all thefe Temptations, the PalTengers would not ft ay there: And 1 have faid this only tofhew how the Patentees went about to abufe Pebplc, with the tempting Defcription of the Countries granted to them in America^ to draw People in to plane or to purchafe. Whoever drew up the Memo- rial for the ufe of thofe that were employ'd in the Utrecht Peace err'd egregiouily, in faying that this Colony remain'd here feveral Years, for it made no ftay and return'd the fame Year, or the beginning of next, which was 1^)24. And the fame Writer owns that Acadia wasdeliver'd up to the French by King Charles the Firft's Treaty of Marriage with Hen- rietta Maria of France: But that Treaty being in the very next Year after, Sir William Alexander's Colony cou'd not have been there feveral Years as 'tis faid in that Memorial. The Writer adds, we got it again 2 or 3 Years after; I know not how, nor why, having parted with it by fo hopeful a Treaty as that of the Marriage aforefaid: And the North-fide of the River, caWd Canada, was given to Sir David Kirk, and the South-fide, calPd by the French, Acadie, fell again /a Sir William Alexander: The Mcmorialift in what fol- lows did not enough confider, how much the Charadcr - of King Charles the Firfl: wou'd fufFer in point of Wii- dom, when he added farther, though the King, tuhen he found the French hadpojfefi themf elves of the whole Country, declared publickly he had given aiuay only the Forts, and not the Soil : he attempted to recover it again, butfaiN: 'So the Mcmorialilt tells the Utrecht Plenipotentiaries, but names not the Time when or Means how he made that Attempt ; and hardly one King of England, between Queen Elizabeth's Death and the Revolution made any attempt to recover either Countries or Commerce which were taken from the Englilli. What the Me'morialift drives at, is to prove, that not only New- Scotland, but Canada was the rightful Pofleilioii of the Carada Englijh. He affirms that King Charles I. included it in his ^"^.^^■,^, Grant. See what he fays.: " In 1627 and 28, the North- «' /ide of the River call'd Canada was given to Sir David " ^Kirk, who was both Proprietor and Governor ; and the South-fide, ^ tl>0 ] -jitamip- a,c aa S« g -S S« *- 32 T^c French anNovaSco tiY?7c/;King 3o/. which ^er Ufe is ^rra Laba- tijh Acqui- I they pur- 's acquiring een already few French Crotnwelly ight worth nee to give ench Mini- freaty con- , Cromwell mce of the boi*s Land- leign, 1 60 Is inform'd to Seigneur le reform'd of Sterlings ftitution of }on making fotice, that :o America^ ) the Con- , a Scheme, ous Colony Follow thena ade for the erous Peace e Thoughts Throat, to By which we C( (C cc we obferve that the Englijh Puritans were not the firft Eu* ropcan Chriftians that thought of flying to the Wiidernels, to efcape the Rage and Cruelty of perfecuting Prelates. De la Tour^ being put in Poflenfion of his Province, ^[^ '^''"™" fold it to Sir Thomas Temple, who, according to the Memo- ,JJ^Jr.^' rialift, was Proprietor and Governor, till the Reiloration : If fo. Sir Thomas muft be there in Perfon, and it is the more likely, for that v^^e find he was one of the Benefa6lors to Harvard College, in New-England. The Mcmorialift adds, ** foon after which, King Charles deliver'd it up again to the French, and Canada with it, where they botii rerted, 7/'//.'/ «&f» to the unfpeakable iofs and detriment of the Crown, and ' -^ ^'^-"'^^ the Plantations, till Col. Nicholjon lately recovered tb.s former." This Memorialift is ftrangely out in the nevvc;!: Part of his Hiftory; for long before Nicol/on's being there. Sir JVilliam Phips had driven the French out of Port-Royal^ as we (hall fee prefently, and the EngUjh kept it till the Peace of Ryfwick, when King IVilUam was too much perplexed by Fa6)ion at home, to inlift on thofe Advantages abroad, which cou'd not be obtained but by the Continuance of War, . in which he was fliamefully cramped, and diftreffed by the DifaflFeded, Natural and Artificial. But the French became fo troublefom to the NeivEngUJh, when they had difciplin'd and join'd with the Indians, that they refolv'd upon an Ex- pedition to unneftle them in this Neighbourhood. Purfuant to this Refolution Sir iPllUam Phips, who com- ^,v wl'llatn manded the Fleet and Forces, fail'd from New-England the ^ ;^p^ 28th o^ April 1690, and on the nth of May arriv'd before ^""^^ Port-Royal, lituated at the Bottom of a little Bay or Bafon, within the Bay of Funda, to the Eaftward. It was but a poor Place, defended with finglc Palifadoes only, which I the rather re It, mention, becaufe our modern Writers of the IVej^- India Colonies enlarge very much on the more than ordinary Care of the French to fortifie their Settlements ; and this was a very important one, confidering how convenient it was for annoying ti;e Englijh, or being annoy'd by them ^ and con- fidering alfo what a flourifliing Trade the French carry'd on in Lumber, Fifliing, Furrs, and Skins ; infomuch that when Phips came thither, there were at leaft dooo Souls in Acadia, Monf. Meneval the Governor^ being fo ill provided for De- fence againft Broadfides, made a very Hiort one, and furren- dered on Condition of a fafe Condudl to Canada. Thus the Englijh retook Poffeflion of the Town and Qountry, demo- lifli'd the little Fort, not worth the Name, fent away the French Inhabitants that were for removing, and took an Oath of Allegiance to King JVilliam and Queen lldary^ of thofd D ihu If I I 3+ La Honran. \i'^«f/5^Garrifon here was ftill in an ill State of Defence, and made not a much better one than Monf. Meneval had done, but furrendered on the ftme Conditions. Col. Ni- cd. Nich^l- cholfon was appointed Governor, and Efq; his Deputy. fon* I hope it will not be thought I injur'd the Minifters, at_ the latter end of the Year 1710, by faying they were Frenchified, for one of the Perfons preferr'd to Employment by them here and at Newfoundland, was Boyce, accus'd as an Accom- plice with Charnock, King, and Keys, in the Ailaffination Plot. ^ . 1 u pori-Royai, AnnapoUs, has not much better'd its Condition by chang- ing its Name. It is yet but a fmall Town, with a few Hou- ks, two Stories high, and that high enough, unlefs the Cli- mate was milder, and the Inhabitants better able to furnini them. There is a pretty good Traffick for Lumber, tilh, andFurrs; the Fiirrs are brought to them by the Savagg;, who are even to this Day content to take Goods for them, whicli the Europeans can very well fpare. Modern Writers having little elfe to fay in Praife of this Place, extoU the Baton on the Edge of which it Ihnds. It is two Leagues long, and one broad, capable of receiving 1000 Sail of Ships, but the Ex- periment will certainly never be made: At the Entrance of the Bafon, there is 18 Fathom Water, on the one fide, and 6 or 7 on the other, the Channel being divided by the Ifle of Chevres, which ftands in the middle. There's excellent An- chorage 5 calt'd Anna pulls C( Mmimin ttttm^fiam mummmtitdi e whole overnor there af- is New- t. John's the En- lefts, but made of fold the d in time more rc- le of our 2>, as La n Phips's /ar with the Year nerica or f France. Defence, neval had Col. Ni- s Deputy. s, at the rencblfied^ ;hem here ^ Accom- faflination by chang- feW Hou- rs the Cli- to furnidi iber, Filh, agq?, who im, whicli srs having ifon on the r, and one lut the Ex- ntrance of fide, and 6 the me of rellent An- chorage ne Hijlory of New-Scotland. 35 choragc all over the Bafon,and at the Bottom lies a Point ol Land which parts two Rivers, where the Tide rifes 10 or 12 Foot, and on each fide are pkafant Meadoios • doubt- lefs the Place, defcrib'd by the fii ft Adventurers thither for a Settlement, but all along from Sir Satnuel ArgaVs Expedi- tion to Major Sedgwick's, and foon to later Times, Sliips have often gone thither to load Lumber, and trade for Peltries. It is or might be made a ^ood Ban ier to New Eturland, which having a long Frontier towards the /«-://- ans, cannot be too fafe againft them, the French being ready to confederate with them. New-Scotland puts; tiie latter at a greater Diftance from them, and that will in great Meafure hinder their affifting the Eaftern Indiansy about New-Hampjhire, in time of War. ' The reducing this Place was doubtlefs a good piece ot Service, not only for the Reafons juft mention'd, but becaufe, as Mr. Dummer writes, " Port-Royal wiS a neft of Privateers *' and a Dunkirk to theJmcrican Trade, befides it was the Head " Quarter from whence Parties of French and Indians iffud . «' out, and fell upon the Eaftern Parts of New-England, which made itof fuch Importance to the Englijh, thit it ms very well for us the French had not fo good an Opinion of it, as there was Reafon to fear; for the Managers of the Utrecht Treaty were in too good Humour to have deny d them Peace, had they deny'd the Ceffion of Jcadia, tho' then m our Pof- feflion. Col. Nicholfon going to England fome Time after its Reduction, was folemnly invefted with this Oo- vernment, with the Title of Governor of Nova- Scotia^ md of Annapolis-Royal, and Commander of all her Majefty s Stores there, and in Newfoundland. This Gentleman was much enamour'd with Government and founding Titles. What relates to New-Scotland in the UtrechtTtt^ty is thus m the Xllth Article: ^// Nova-Scotia, or Acadia, '^^h all ancient Boundaries, as alfo the City of ?ort-Koy^\, now call d Annapolis, and all other Things in thofe Partsywhtch depends on Lands and Iflands, together with the Dommon, Property, Poffeffion ofthefaid JJlands, Lands , and all Rights '^^^f^'^^^ hy Treaties, or hy any other ways ohtained, &c Jo which the French King gracioufly added the Exclufion of the Subjects of France from Fiihing on the Coaft of Nova-Scotia, and within :io Leagues, beginning from Cape 5^^/^, and Itretchmg along to the South-Weft. The Subjefts ofGreai-Brttam were m Poffeffion of New-Scotland, when this Treaty was let on Foot: the French having the Fiihery on the Coaft of Cape Biifm liland, and in the.Sea to the Bay of St. Laurm^^ ■f I 1 fi^nii^ i I ¥ J 36 ^he Htjlory of New-Scotland. the moft profitable and commodious Fifliing in thofe Parts, they value not the Coaft either of New-Scotland, or New- foundland^ farther than what was ftipulated for them, by the Britijh Plenipotentiaries, to catch and dry Fiili there. Ws fliall fee in its Place, how the French bubbled them alfo in pretence of St. Chri/iophers. On the Co&ikoi New-Scotland lies Canfo, a Settlement of great Confequence to the EngHJh Filhing Trade. We fliall now fee how much that Trade is obliged to the Wifdom of our Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, by fuffering the French to reft peaceably in that Neighbourhood, for 5 or 6 Years. Complaints came from Canfo, that, notwith- fland'ing four Companies of Soldiers had been fome time before^fent there, for their Defence, they remain'd ftill in great Peril from the French and French Indians, for want of Fortifications, and by 30 of the beft of thofe Soldiers being remov'd to Frederick^ Fort. This put the Inhabitants into fo much Apprehenfion, that few Fidiing Boats had appear'd there that Seafon, fo that of 25000 Quintals of Fifli which were wont to be caught, there was not then a- bove 3 or 400 Qiiintals, fo little Confidence have the Fifh- ei's in the Protedlion they might have from our Settlement at Cnnfo. There's no need of treating of the Savages in Acadia, {o much being faid of them in the Hiftory oi New- England : As they have lefs Commerce and Converfe with the Englijh, than the neighbouring Indians have, there remain among thefe more of their native Barbarity and Ignorance. Thofe about Anna^ polls were call'd Souriquois, pretty near Iroquois, the Name given to Indians not in Alliance with ih^French. They were ofamidling Stature, wellHmb'd, tawny, black-hair'd, beard- lefs aifo, except the Segamores and Seniors, the reft being oblig'd to pluck up their Beards by the Roots, as I have feen fome of our remote Peafantry do out of Choice. Their Drefs was only a Covering over their Nudities; this muft be in Summer Time, and with fuch as never faw them in Win- ter. In Summer theyliv*d uponFifh, and upon IndianCom in Winter, but did not know how to make it into Bread, till they were taught by the Europeans : They had no Form nor Notion of Religion, which I believe is much truer than their worfhipping the very fame Devil as betray'd Eve^ as we read in the New-England Accounts of the Indians : their Conjurers whom they call'd Auimoins, were their Priefts and Phyficians. You'll find them the fame in New-England, and I fuppofe all over America ■:, in which, except the CoH'* juring, they are exadly militated by the French M^ionaries, The Ind'ans in Ncw- Scocland. VYiiU who are a had certaii and dance Mufick ar pleas*d to 1 The two pany prefe Mr. Dela Alle-Luya ring it to Cape 1 write or r the Treat dom, as'' of the laf Nova-Sec James th of St. La in Circui and with: moft cut feriouily, ons to th of the 1 Utrecht look'd up IJland a by the 71 wou'd le time wei part wit] liophers, glad to { in its pr by that ' Seas hai foundlai ward as 1 unViL &j fe Parts, or New- 1, by the ire. Ws m alfo in ^Scotland e Engl'ijh Trade is recht^ by hood, for noiivith- 3me time •d ftill in r want of iers being ihabitancs !oats had quintals of )t then a- the Fifh- ettlement tcad'ta^ fb and : As rjijh, than heferaore lUt Anna' he Name hey were 'd, beard- reft being have feen 2. Their s muft be I in Win- iian Corn to Bread, no Form ich truer ly'd Eve^ Indians : eir Priefts ■England^ the Con^ jpTionaries, ...1 — - VViiU "The Hijlory o/' New-Scotland. who are all of them Dodors too ss well as Priefts. They had certain Tabagia, or Feftivals, at which they us'd to fmg and dance inceflantly : We have met with fome of their Mufick and Poetry, which we believe the Curious will be pleased to fee. 37 Tameja alle luya Tatncja douvem Hau Hau He H;, The two laft Notes He He, were repeated by all the Com- pany prefent,'like a Grand Chorus: And the Author whom Mr. Delaet took this from, affirms he often heard the word Alle-Luya^ a part of thefacred Canticles, in their Songs, aver- ring it to be genuine. Cape Breton-IJlnnd is a Subjed no good EnghjJman cmCape^taon^ writeor read with Pleafure. The giving of it to the French, by 'fi^- the Treaty of Utrecht^ may prove as great a lofs to the King- dom, as' the Sinking Fund amounts to, or even the Charge of the laft War. This Ifland was always reckon'd a Part of Nova-Scotia, and was in exprefs Terms inferted in King James the Firft's Patent. It lies in the South of the Gulph of St. Laurence, is ^o Leagues long, I o or i2Broad, and 140 in Circuit, a fine Compafs for Harbours and fidung Stages, and within a few Minutes Sail of the Continent j 'tis al- moft cut in two by the Gulph : I do not fay what follows fcriouily, but to copy others. Queen Anne^ by her Inftruai- ons to the Duke of Shrewsbury^ demanded the IJJe as a Part of the Britijh Dominions, to be reftor'd abfolutely by the Utrecht Peace: The Queen faid in her Inftrudions, Jhe look'd upon Cape Breton to belong to her, and reckon d that IfIa?idaPart of the ancient Territory 0/ Nova-Scotia, which by the Treaty was reflor'd to her : But alas ! 'tis well the French wou'd let us have what they did, fince our Minifters at that time were refolv'd to part with every thing rather than not pare with the War. 'Tis found they infifted upon St. Chri- (iophers, and had it ; but ConnoifTeurs tell us, they were more glad to give it up, than we were to have it, as will be ftiewn in its proper Place : Had we kept or got Cape Breton-Ifiand by that Treaty, The i^m?^^ Fifliing in all the neighbourmg Seas had been precarious, upon the entire Ceftion of New- foundland, which the French durft not conteft as overfor- wardas our Plenipotentiaries were to give , them up every 1..^ ... — f»^~» f^^o Ti«-«tfi*,-ine whrre thev nln UUt XlOW Iiuui vjaj^v ^T ifJi* -j''-^ ''" — — i D 3 wo^^ *5 3.S' . The Hi/lory of New-Scotland. more at the ir Eafc, than the Englijh off the Newfoundland Coaft, they can at Pleafure difturb our Pllhery, as we might have done theirs, and have deftroy'd it entirely^ by the entire PofTeflTion of the Land altbj for Gipe Breton-Ip commands the Entrance into St. Lauremc'f, Bay, and is aptly lituaced for cutting off all Communication, lot only between ^:^nehsc and all the Fiiliing Harbours in ./■ .- ' ■ -% . but between Canada and Europe. *Tis eafy to be exp.. , if it was proper j but Cape Brcion-Ijie is loft to us. T HE id. Newfoundland as we might by the entire le commands ptly lituaced ween :^uebei veen Canada proper j but T HE