IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Ij^ 1 2.8 1 2.5 |50 '*^™ Hhi 1^ 1^ 12.2 H: 1^ III 2.0 m 1.25 1.4 lA « «" ► V] vQ ^3 5> / /J 'W Sdences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. HS80 (716) 873-4503 ^ i CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICI\/IH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microroproductions historiquas e\e%o Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Fea ures of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 5/ .yt AN ADDRESS TO THE WORKING CLASSES OF CANADA. li' M BRETHREN: The following statement is submitted to you by a body of fellow-labourers ;— men who, like yourdelves, experience the trialB and vioissitudes to which working men are liable ; men wh), like all who obtain subsistence by the labour of their hands, consider that there are certain rights, as well as duties, pertaining to ^h» workman; men who, possessing no other capital than that with which F^oyidence has blessed them— their labour— feel that it is with themselres aldne to place a Talue upon that, the only commodity which they bring into the markets of the world, whilst at the 3ame time they grant to those who desire to deal with them the right of declining to purchase if the article offei-ed be rated at an extravagant price. The right of the owner to dispose of his property to the best advantage being established according to ti>e usages of com- merce, it necessarily follows that he is at liberty to refuse any lower rate than that which he has placed upon his articles, and oan remove them to any other market that may be open to him. The party desiring to purchase has the right, likewise, of rafiising to give the rate demanded if it appear to him exorbi- tant But he has no right to follow the seller to any other marlnt, and desire intending purohasera not to buy on any ¥i conditious, merely because the owner would not accept the offer he had made him. The righta of both parties — the employer and the workman — having been thus defined, it might not be unprofitable to take a Tiew of their duties. A working man should be honest and faithful, laboiiring during the time agreed upon, and performing a fair quota of labour in that time. The employer, on the other hand, should take no unfair advantage of the workman — he should avail himself of the best means, and supply the necessary material, to render the artizan comfortable, as well as profitable. From these premisses the conclusion is inevitable — there are mutual rights, mutual duties, existing on the part of and between the employer and the journeyman ; and such may not inappropriately be termed the ethics of trade and fair dealing. Having given what appeared to the parties addressing you a fair exposition of the principles which should govern the employer and the employee, a statement of the difficulties that have recently occurred between some of the proprietors of Printing offices in Toronto and the Journeymen Printers will be laid before you ; and it is the desire of those interested to state nothing that can be disputed, or that will bear the appear- ance of malice or ill-will towards any one. In the year 1834 the first Society of the Journeymen Printers of Toronto was formed, and the wages were settled by agree- ment between the proprietors of Printing offices and the jour- neymen at £1 15s. per week of sixty hours, with lOd. per hour for all hours beyond that number. This rate was paid for the space of nearly nine years without complaint on the part of the employers, when (about 1843) Mr. Pktbr Bbown, father of Georqe Bkown, Esq., now M. P. P. for Kent and proprietor of the Globe newspaper, made arrangements with the Free Church party to cone from New York to Canada and publish a paper in their interest, to be called The Banner. At this time the price here (settled in 1836) of setting up a oertun given 8 quantity of type was Is. 3d. currency, while in New York it was Is. 5d. Mr. Brown, however, who was about to become the champion of freedom in religious matters in Canada, and to facilitate the entire emancipation of the people from what he termed "priestly tyranny," made up his mind not to allow, if he could prevent it, any freedom whatever on the part of those who should work for him. As a first step, he proposed that those who worked in his liberal establishment should be paid 5s. per week less than those working in other Printing offices — ^the consequence of which was, that the men "con- spired" (to use Mr. B's expression) against him, and quitted his employment. To supply their places, inducements of an advance in pay were held out to boys who were engaged as apprentices in other offices — but who were not indentured — to desert and join his office. Four lads from city, and two from country offices, were by this means allured from their legiti- mate masters, and led to enrol themselves under the Banner of Mr. Brown, so that he was enabled to continue the publica- tion of his paper. But this did not last long. Mr. Brown's irregular and imprudent manner of conducting his business led to confusion in his Printing office, and occasioned much of the work to be performed after night — the boys getting home at one, two and three o'clock in the morning. They were soon laid up with sickness; and, to save their own lives, had to leave Mr. Brown to the mercy of the conspirators— the workmen. The journeymen finding that Mr. B. was attempting to deprive them of a portion of their just dues, and that he was unscrupu- lous enough to stoop to any scheme that was at all likely to serve his unprincipled purpose, met together and decided upon making their situation known to the community. This they considered to be the more necessary as Mr. B. had denounced them as a rebellious and disaffected body. They therefore stated the matter in a short way, and published the following docu> ment : — *A PLAIN STATEMENT OF FACTS. *' The JouKNEYMBN P»iNTBBS of the City of Toronto, in c<»- aequence of recent proceedings in a certain quarter aetiondiT affecting their mterestu, feel it their duty thus publicly to atate tne tollowmg facts and circumstancos, in order to refute seyeral misstatements, industriously circulated, calculated greatly to u^ure them. And while they diflclaim all intention of assuminir a £!I!I?15 d{ctatoml to any Employer, they are resohed, firmly fiit respectfully, to maintain, by all legitimate means in theirpower. !;/f«f'^i "S*'*^*^"^* privileges, as one of the most important and useful, though perhaps inadequately rewarded, class in the mdustnoufl community. » ^°' ^.^^^S?' of years a certain " Scale of Pricea " had pre- vailed m this City, which was considered perfectly fiur and reasonable by all the employers— as evidenced in the fact that not the shghtesti objection to it was ever oflFered by any of them —and which continued in operation, without exception, until about two years ago, when a person fVora the neighbouring Republic commenced business here, who has ever rince been unremitting m his ''liberal" endeavours to reduce as low as pomble tlie hitherto considered fair and equitable rate of remuneration due to the humble operative. .^l^ ^''*^ ff * °^ this "i,a/noftc ' individual, shortly afterhls amval, in furtherance of his object, was to call together bv pose of r^^MZaftn^the wages of the Jounieymen, when very feT or none, attended, and no steps were taken by them ei^er to regulate or reduce the fair and long-established rate of wages. Ctn the part of the Journeymen, it was thought prudent by them . J re-orgamze Uieir Society, the objects of which should be- r.lJv^^^'ln??!' ^^''V ^r^«l oceans, the interests of the Em- M«™wfiS* Employed-to uphold the respectabiUty of iSe to^™ S* ^""''°S Profession in the dity of Toronto- 5 SSL/L i"? ^Sf'^acl^ment the present estabUshed Rate Prn^^frti** *^*S*^ pecuniary asMstaace to those of X ri?««L* ff ll°^^*^' Bubjoined, as set forth ii theirpSnted Constitution, the Journeymen are not aware that any oWedara was ejq»re88ed by the Master Printers-on the a^oAr^Z most they were cordially ajjproved of. «wnrary, ny ^i;;!S!v^S^.?*^' .^f^^ foa«» « W» first attempt did m.i rsLs^uxaumsucsigii, Dui has coniinually endeavoured, byvarious S SS to ftccompheh it. At present it may not be neceseaiy ^ftt!l "^""^^ ^''^f^^^' "»• 8«t«»»«« resorted to : suffice uS aL «/*' "£'*' °*"^y ^"'°« ^" office ^i*J» boys, (some two of O^JL ''^w "'*'* Apprentices who had absconded fJoS S»?~l^^^~"*^"i *^? "^^'^^ ago he discharged two of hitl CS.S*5'^f 'r'ly ^''^'^^^^ *^«y weremembfrs ofThe Typo- S;fc*l^®°''*'^? ^"* 1'""^ ^««'^"«« *hey refused to workfor leti than the regular and established rate of wages. wi^^^l"/*^''®''"'^''^.^®''?^*'"**^^ unvarnished facts, they in tt«\.?rf "'1"^ discerning public to award their decision the^lini'J*' ^""^ '.°'\^"? °^ '^« P'^tie" '° q'^estion, trusting tZ^onZ'^a.T'^' *^** ?* ^*«" of Toronto are but Jm«S5JJI- '^ejfnsive, and contending for no additional ^SS^r^**"""?"^"^*^ exorbitant or unreasonable-but on the riii^A.^'ir'^ endeavouring to maintain that which is con- S.tV' H^v*" respectable Proprietors as a fair and just rewtod for their labor and toil. « The labourer is worthy o^Ms S^ " Tub Jouhnbysien Peintees of Toeonto " Toronto, July 1846." This was distributed throughout the City, and a oopy sent to Mr. Brown. The public, always ready to sympathise witli the working classes, felt that in this instance truth and justice were on the side of the workmen, and that their traducer had acted towards them in an exceedingly iUiberal and oppressive manner. Action on the part of the working classes was aroused, and Mr. Brown was made to feel in his most sensitive spot (the pocket) that this was not the country for a maUciousand bitter enemy of the workingclas.es to look for a large subscription li8t to his newspaper. What was to be done ? There was but one remedy, The mechanic had found friends in his adversity, •nd those friends were damaging the Banner to such an extent as to threaten a final folding up of the whole concern. » ~7^, --;'5-^'"v- = =»aiagcia was resortea to, and the issue waa^ ttatMr. George Brown, the eldest son of Mr. Peter Brown rtMted a newpaper, called the " Globe," which professed to be entirely independent of, and distinct from the unpopular Banntr. Presently the Banner slept in its folds, and tte field was left entirely to the rising genius of the •♦ Globe," who took pains not to «ome into colUsion with the openitins tijl i« thought hiipself stroiyj enough to cmih them. Years Jiw he waited for an opportunity. Time after time has he requested the proprietors of offices to meet and decide upon cutting dojfn the lahouror. Meetings haye some of them held at hi» bid- ding—their fiats have they sent forth ; apd, like the gnat o|ithe ox's horn, they have not been felt. But the world was progressing. California opened her golden Teins— Australia held out the inducements of an exten- sive auriferous deposjte, avd Labour began to hope and i^p^e herself. Men's hands and time and wor^ ww iippi*Win value everywhere but in Canada. There a certain ancient institution— low wages-held sway: the artizans depi^rted from her shores, and sought in other climes that remui)ieratioi» for their labor which was denied them ip their own countiy. Pro- visions and all other necessaries of life became dearer, p^4 the working classes found it difficult to live. Again : railroads were putm course of construction ; and so great became the demand for workmen that wages had to rise by the force of circumstances wherever raih-oads were in progress. But in the cities the im- pulse had not yet been given. A Uttle time and common labourers— that hitherto neglected, but exceedingly usefW class of men— were offered higher rates than the mechanics were then receiving. The impulse was noto given, and it was felt. The stone-cutter, the carpenter, the mason and bricklayer, the taUor, the shoemaker, demanded a proportionate rise in their wages, and succeeded. Well did they deserve it, and long may they enjoy a fair remuneration for their toils. The Printer— he who fans the flame of civiHxation and intel- ligMice, and trims the lamp of Uberty— began to look forth duzinfc the midniehthourRnf-hidinii in «).a/1ople, the Farmer as weU as the Mechanic— the x.adea- man as well as the Labourer— we have the honour to subscribe ovrselves THE J£?52EY15K| J?EINTEBS OP jroRONTa Toronto, July, 1858.