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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mMftode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 pj ^iiyn ,r Tr!"-- .ij -;-g " n^ m 'JFn^ "^ ■ -.^-^.'r^- . ;-., X " >: ^ ^ '\r..'^ I \ BY REV. H. SCADDING, D.D. <^ ^^ \A C J ?io/tct littrr, mlilirssril by him (n Liriifi tiitiil-dori rnor Siiitritr. ill Ihv iiiav 1,"':. Having in my posses.sioii a soinewli.-it important hithei-to unpub- lished nianusci-ipt letter, addressed by Samuel Holland, fii-st Survej-or- (ieneral of Hi-itish Noith Ameriea, to Lieutenant Governor Sinicoe, on s«)nie matters relating to the early history of British Canada, and throwing light on the origin of eei'tain l«»cal names still to he seen on our maps. I feel anxious that the doctmient should in some way be eomn)itted to the safe keeping of print, and so find a plaee in one of the volumes of Provincial Archives, which it is confidently hoped the (iovernment will be iinhiced hei(^-ifter to publish. The letter woidd seem to have been written at the i-e»juest of Governoi Sinicoe. in ordi'i- that he might have a written record of Mr. Hollanil's familiar ac(|uai lit aiice and intercourse with his father (Captain .It»hn Sinicoe, H.N.) when brought into contact with him in the neigh- iMturhood »)f the recently-captured French Fortre.ss of Louisbourg, on the island of Cape Ureton, some forty-eight years previously. Mr. Holland was olticially engaged at the time making surveys of Louis- iMfurg and vicinity, and Captain Simcoe's ship, the Prtiihrnkr, happened to be moored not f;ir off from the shore, the sailing iiiaster, being on the • hnicIi. took parliciilar interest in .Mr. Holland's employment of a certain mathematical iiisti iiinent, which was n.>w to him, here called a Plane Table, and exj)ressed a desire t«» become better ac<|iiaintard the Pcnthroke. Captain Cook, we find, used to refer in after yeai-s with gratitude t«» his intei course with Captain Simcoe and to the scientific experience gained on board his ship. The letter before us is dated " Quebec, .January Hth, 17U2." It reads JUS follows, and will explain itself: — ^ a NA I M)NA1. IIUItARY ( \ > A 1) A BIBMOIUtQLfc: NAHONAIF. 7 QUK'JKC, llth January, lHYl. IJ.-fiort'riVfr Simnn\ Vin'k : Sir. It i> with tlie most siiict're pN'asnio tliat I i-ccall ti> tiieiiiory the many happy and instruct iv«' h(iiii>< I havf iiad (he hoiioi- of enjoy- ing in your late most ('xcellent fatlit'i's comiiany, an*l with more than ordinary satisfaction do I recollect the following circumstances which gave birth to our acquaintance : The day after the surrender of Louis- l»ourg, iM'ing at Kensingtcm Cove surveying and making a plan of the place, 'vith its attat k and encampments, I observed (apt. Cook (then master of Capt. Simcoe's ship, the /'mthnikc man-of-war) particidarly .•itteiitive t(» my operations ; and iis he expressed an ardent desire to be instructeil in the use of the Plane Table (the instruuieni I was then using) I appointed the next day in ordei' to make him accjuairited with the whole process : he accor«lingly attended, with a particular message fr«)m ("apt. Siincoe expi-essive of a wisli to hav«' been j»reseiil at our pro- ceedings: and his inability, owing to indisposition, of leaving his ship; at the same time lecpiesting me to dine with him on board: and Iteg- ging me to bring the Plane Table pieces along. I, witli much pleasure, accepted that invitatir)n. which gave rise to my ac(|uaintance with a truly scientific gr'ntlemm, for the which I ever hold myself much in- debted to ('apt. Cook. I lemained that night on board, in the morn- ing landed to continue my survey at White Point, attended by ('apt. Cook and two young gentlemen whom your father, ever attentive to the service, wished should lu* instructed in the business From that period I had the honor of a most intimate and fi-iendly actpiaintance with your worthy father, an«l dming our stay at Halifax, whenever I could get a moment of time from myduly, I wason board the I'cnihrohi', where t'ne grea* c.iibin, d»'dicated to scientific purposes and mostly taken iip with a di-awing table, furnished no i-oom foi- idlers. Cnder ('apt. Simcoe's eye, Mr. Cook and myself compiled mat«M'ials for a chart of the (iulf and liiver St. Jiawrence, which plan at his decease was dedi- cated lo Sir (,'harles Saunders; with no othei- aKerations than what Mr. Cook and I made coming up the River. Another chut of the Rivei-, including Chalem- and (iaspe Bays, mostly taken from plans in Admiral Durell's possession, was (ompiled and (bawn mider your fathei-'s inspec- tion, and f«*nt by him for immediate publication to Mr. Th<»mas .Jeffrey, |)iedecessor to Mi*. F.iden. These chaits weic of much use, as some copies came out prioi- to our sailing from Halifax for (^uel)ec in 17.'»!>. Hy the drawing of these plans under so able an instructor, Mr. Co«(k could not fail to improve and thoi-oughly brought in his h.a?id as well in draw- ing as protracting, etc.. and by your father's finding the latitudes and itudes alonif the coast of America, nr ongi iP Gulf of St. Lawrence, so err-ont'ously hithei'to l.iid (h)wn, he was con- vinced (»f the propriety of making accurate surveys (»f those parts. In consexplana- tions of (liiticnlt passa^^es, made infinite iiMe, and fnlfilled the expecta- tions entertained of him by your father, in his survey of Newfoundland: iMr. Cook fre«|uently expressed to :ne the obligation he was under to Capt. Simcoe, and on my meeting him iti London in the year 1776, after his several discoveries, he cimfessed most candidly that the several improvein«'nts and instructions he had received on board the Pembroke had been the sole foundation of the services he had been enabled to per- form. I must now return to Louisbourg, where, being Gen. Wolfe's Engineer during the attack of that place, I was present at a conversa- tion ()n tlu' subject of sailing for Quebec that fall. The (ieneral and Captain Sinu'oe gave it as their joint opinion it might be reduced the same campaign, but this sage advice was overruled by the contrary opinions of the Admirals *vh(» conceived the season too far advanced, so that only a few ships went with General Wolfe to Gasjie, etc., to make a diversion at the mouth of the River St. Lawrence. Again, early in the spring following, had (/aptain Simcoe's proposition to Admiral Durell been put into ex«'cution, of proceeding, with his own ship, the Pnnhrokc: the Siitherlnnd, Captain Rous, and some frigates, via Gut of Canso, for the River St. Lawrence, in order to intercept the French sup- plies, there is not the least doubt but that Monsieur Cannon with his whole convoy must have been taken, as he only made the river six days before Admira' Durell, as we learn from a French brig taken off Gaspe. At this place, being on board the Princess Amelia, [ had the mortifica- tion of being present whilst the minute guns wore firing on the melan- choly occasion of Captain Simeon's remains being committed to the deep. Had he lived to have got to Quebec, great matter of triumph would have been afforded him on account of his spirited opposition to numy captains of the navy, who had given it .as their opinion thH ships of the line could not proceed up the river, whereas our whole fleet got up perfectly safe. Could I have recourse to my journals, which have unfortunately been lost, it would have been in my power to have re* counted many circumstances with more minuteness than I am at present enabled to do. I have the honor to remain. Sir, With great respect, Yotu' most devoted and most obedient and humble servant, SAMUEL HOLLAND. The captain of the Pemhroke, we see, was a daring and enterprising officer, and had his advice been taken in preference to that of Admiral Durell, Wolfe's capture of Quebec might have occurred some months earlier than it did. There is in the parish church of St. Andrew, at (\itterstock, in Northami^lonshire, a mural tablet sacred to Captain Simcoe's memory inscribed with the services rendered by him to his " King and country." On the back of the MS. letter which has been engaging our attention is to be seen a sentence in the handwriting of Lt.-Gov. Simcoe himself, and it was this that in the first instance Imparted a special value to the docmnent, containing as it did a curiods record of some words used by his father just before his sad decease. The memorandum reads as fol- lows : "Major Holland told me that my father was applied to to know whether his hf Quebec as well as of all known Canada, on a large scale, by Major Hol- land. This map I believe is now deposited at Ottawa. It has l»een reproduced, I understand, by the Government, and may prove an accept- able boon to students of early < 'anadian geogt-aphy and history. Few people probably realize at the present day that the name "Lake Simcoe" was intended to recall the memory not of the first Lieutenant- Governor of Upper Canada, but that of his father, the Capt. Simcoe of whom we have just heard so much. This we learn fiom the note appended to page 138 of Surveyor" General David William Smith's Gazetteer of Upper Canada, published by authority in 1797. The note on the item " Lake Simcoe" is this : " So named by Lt.-Gen. Simcoe in respect to his father, the late Capt. Simcoe of the Royal Navy, who died m the River St. Lawrence on tlu' ('X|>«')li( ion l(» (iiu'luu- in I77.*i." '* In tht- yvnv I7.V»," thf iioU' con- liniH's. "this ,'il)lt> (initrr li.iil fiitniNhtHl (invi'innH'nt with th<> phm of (i|»T.ilitins M^iiinsl (^iifhi-c. w hiili th»*n t<»« k |»lar«'." "At iIm' tini»'<»f i>i.s dt'iitli." it jilso adiifd. "rapt. (\Mik. lh«' «-»«U'l«atef I/ik«' Simcoe, it shoidd iieie he (ihserveil. as s|,iI«m1 liy I >. W. Smith himself in t his ^fV/-#7/«v?r, p. UM>, was " 'I'dfoMln. ir i/ike Toi-tii, 'o." LAKE SmCOE LORE. Whilst as set foi-lh in the art irle on Siirveyoi-Cu'neial Holland, the primary int(-nt ion of (iovei'nor Sim<-«N- in l■han^in^: the name of Lake Toronto was to do honor to the memory of his father, the Captain of H.M S. Pvnihroke, he desiicd at the >,-»me time to utilize as it were separate portions of the Lake with the i>land> contained therein, and streams enteriiijjf it fi'om several quarters is memorials of other persons likewise : Fi-ancis Island, in the north-west jvntion of the Lake, preserved the name of his eldest son Franiis. I)arlinj<'s Island was so named after General Darling', a friend; Cook's liay was intended to commemoi-iite the great navijfalor, ('apt. Cook, who was s(» lai-gely spoken of in Surveyor-(»enei'al Holland's letter; Kenipenfelt Bay was meant to i-e<-all Admir.-il Kempenfelt, who so sadly went down in the /»'(>//«/ Geortje otT Spit head, Anjifnst 21(th, 1782 ; Cowper's words will lu* rememl»ered : " His >\v(>r(l \\;i« in its shcatli. His tiiiLrci- luld ilie pen. Wlicii K('iii|ioiifelt «cnl down With twice four hnndrf*! men." Talbot's River entei intj; the Lake from the north-east hore the name of a vQung aid<'-de-(amp of the GeneraPs, afterwards so well known in Canada as Col. Talbot, founder of the Tall»ot !-ettIement. (iray's River boi-e the name of anothei' officer on the (.Jenei-il's statt". ({raves Island, alluded t(» Admiral (Graves, a relative.* The three Townships of (i willimbiiry, on the edge of this lake, emUtlmetl the family name of the (lovernor's wife ((Jwillim), and last, hut not least, there is the Holland River entering the Lake fronj the south-west, preserving to this day the name of .Major Holland. t Vonge sti-eet itself, leading n«)rthwHrds from Lake Ontario to Lake Simcoe, is another instance of the Governor's connnemorating a friend. Sir (ieorge Yonge, from whom the street or military way derived its imme, was a friend .-ind neighbor of Governor Simcoe in Devonshirtj. That tlu se names were injposed by (Jenerul Simcoe himself is manifest from the fait that they all appear on the pages of Surveyor-(ieneral D. W. Smith's (iazetleer compiled under the eye of the Governor. t It is lo be regret I d thai these iiauies tiavc not in every ca.se tiecn retained. Francis Island, for exanii)le, is now Icno'.vn us Grap<' Island and ItarliiiK's (sliiiid is .Stniwberry Inland. Graves island is known as UeorKina I^-land. bnt is occa.s onally spoken of under the former name. Gray's Itiveris now Beaver Hiver. ('anise Island, so named from an Indian Chief of the Simcoe period, is now perhaps better known as 'I horali Island. t It is to be added that " Holland House." Toronto, did not in any way refer to the Surveyor-General. It wa.s so named by ii* builder, the Hon. H. .1. lionlton, in allusion to the famous " Holland House ' situatcvl in the Kensington suburb of Kngland. I- Ik L« «iKi *s at »»- i* «"\ S«^e <«f n this. I -'S::S:!S'''-'-'-"S - ■■ T»"«.'rh„v„ in •■ v,: ''u '" """ '"I- «■,. i '; ''■",'•."'«''•„,,„„„ ;•- -TH.':: „;'";;;,;;';■; "-' -'■ h,,,,: ■ : ;;;: :,""•;"• ».-.kI >vh,;,. *««"-. .list;.,,, „..""• "'""- ..f uk.. !• „ ; ,'^^""'''' »v.. ,i,„s „,. "» "'>'Pr...-.,,|,„ ' ; !* " '■< "K.'i.. .•.■1>,.,,.,1 ,„ ,„. , , ' „ "W'.f "f f„„ P,,„„ .„'■'" ' " •■'» .1,, ,„lv,„„ '„ '•''-'■•. 'Ii'.t is ,n-,|, .Vp„. "■ »'■- »■' ..,,;;; '• """""» i... "iz::;"":"" "■■■'" » »'" " t'.. i» he,,. »t„,e,, „,, , _ ■ '""'""' •■"'.' .I.'.."„ ^ "«-=ir .,",;:;:';■;:< j?-..i. .^•vt,.?,;eX':;?V^''■'■^ -•""'•- ««er,«lH„lr the Severn .',';'"''' ''"^'^ '" ^"i,.^ „,, ,;,'•";• ^'"•'">to, f,...,„. ■^ / J \ Toronto now HlAnilH, at tin* sunit^ tiniu giving ljrunii> '.n the Huron n>gion to the north. (Mr. Barlow Ciinilicrland, Toronto, fiirnlHhe.s \\w with the curiouN information that in the (inind Salon of the Dnial i*ala(*(> at Venice, whtMi visited by him in 1S72, there is a large terrestrial glol)e, some fnm- feet in diameter, ronstrii'-ted in IttJm l>y Antonio Patrizioof Venice, on which, where the American lakes are presented, the small lake situate to the north of Lake ()ntari«) here called Lake Frontenac, between it and Lake Huron, is styled Lake Taronto, and the track there called Portage is distinctly marked from the lesser lake to the larger one on the south, where its terminus is marked by the word Toiouegon. All this corresponds very well with the record on a number of old maps in my possession, the spelling in several instances varying a little. Taronto is, of course, om* Toronto with a slight Italian variation of **a" for "o." (Sometimes it is Tarento, from slight resemblance in soiuid to the name of a famous ancient city in the south of Italy. The oldest Freru'h maps, however, give "Toronto" precisely as we have it now, so \a\ Halle gave it in 16H(), and the maps used by Lahontan.) As to Toiouegon— the name appears with several literal variations in the old maps, and in D. VV. Smith's Gazetteer it designated the spot now occupied by the City of Toronto. It signified, as I have elsewhere shown, the fjanding place to, i e^, for parties about to proceed up the Trail to Lake Toi-onto. That this Trail should have been so clearly marked with ttie word Port- age on the glol)e in the Ducal Palace at Venice is v ' interesting.] The Holland I^anding is to this day a well-known locality; it is the spot where Yonge street readies one of the branches of the Holland River, and here canoes and bateaux coming down from the north used to receive trading and travelling parties coming up from the south, from a landing place on Lake Ontario, ria the trail running along the val- ley of the Huniber to the Oak Hidges, and thence along the valley of the Holland River to T^ake Toronto, that is I^ike Simcoe. A long branch from the westward eutei-s the Holland River not far from the ** Land- ing," and steamboats plying on L»»ke Simcoe used to navigate these branches : and former travelleis in this region will recall the sinuosities of the . 'te, as the huge hulk of the vessel made its way amidst reeds, rushes and shallows, through the marsh which extends back from the true mouth of the Holland River, many miles into the interior.