CIHM Microfiche (Monographs) ICIUIH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inttitut Canadian da microraproductions hittoriquat 1998 ^ ''J. "^- :";' t-','i\< Vi i' Ufif^'i .:ijir' '; '.? Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notes tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attemptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagas in tha reproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual method of filming, are checked below. L'tnstitut a microfilma le meilleur aiamplaire qu'il lui a ate possible de se procurer Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuwent modifier una image reproduite. ou qui peuvent eaiger une modification dans la mAthoda normale de filmaga sont indiquAs ci-dessous. Coloured covers/ Couverture da coulaur r~7\ Covers damaged/ \}Lj Couverture endommagAa U' Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ et/ou peliiculAe □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque r~l Coloured pages/ Pages da couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag*es □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculAes Pag ■ I ired. stained or foaed/ Pag . '•• -)i' les. tachetAes ou piquAes □ D D n □ Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiques en coulaur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noirel Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ ReliA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long d« la marg* intirieura Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainas pages blanches ajout^ea lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le taxte. mais. lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas M film^es. There are some c Additional comments:/ I] y a des plis Commentaires supplementaires r~~] Pages <]«• ■•' >ec Pages d ^..ittes Showthrough/ Transparence FT] Showthrough/ □ D D D Quality of print varies/ Qualite inAgala de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du matirial supplementaira Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc , have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc.. cnt ^te filrrtes i nouveau de facon ^ obtenir la meilleure image possible reases In Che middle of the pages, dans le milieu des pages. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X aox / 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Tororito Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ♦■ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film« fut reproduit grice k la g4nArosit6 de: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library Les images suivantes ont M reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimie sont filmAs en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniftre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la demidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filnids d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filrn^ i partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 iTiyi e"- lii^, 'I "I'l* A » ADDRESSES BY P. W. £LLIS, Preuc'^nt of the Guiadian Manufacturers' Association J900-I90J, AND BY C. J. ALEXANDER, Ex-President af the South of Scotland Chamber of G>mmerce, BEFORE THE Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Ginadian Manufacturers' Association, at Mon:reai, Tuesday evening November 5th, J901. TORONTO; MONETAKY TIMES PRINTING CO. laoi ''^^^M^ims^'^m^'i^s^^imMmAr'^^md^m^'^ 1TC^5»!" ADDRESSES BY P. W. ELLIS, President of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association 1900-J90I, AND BY C. J. ALEXANDER, Ex-President of the South of Scotland Chamber of Commerce> BEFORE THE Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Ginadian Manufacturers' Association, at Montreal, Tuesday evening, November 5th, J 90 1. TORONTO; MONETARY TIMES PHINTINQ CO. IBOI PRESIDENTS' ANNUAL ADDRESS By P. W. ELUS. To the Exicuthie Committee and .\fein- den of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association. IN response to the kind invitation of our Montreal members we are assembled heie to report respecting the work of the past year, and to formulate the policy for the year we arc now entering upon. The annual meetings of the Association have formerly been held in Toronto, where Its offices are located ; ho vever, it has been deemed desirable that thest important con- ferences should now be held in diflTerent indusl; '?' centres, and it is most appropriate thai this change of policy should begin with V. ontreal, for not only is Montreal the most populous city of our Dominion, but also our most important financial and industrial centre. It is the home of many of our largest ;;nd most representative manufactur- ing establishments, and the lirad of ocean navigation in the East. All Canadians take a pardonable prii'j in this city, around uhich cluster so many important events of our early history. HISTORICAL PERIOD. Since we last had the pleasure of meeting in annual session in the City of Toronto, many momentous events have taken place. The past fifteen months have been especi- ally eventful ones in the history of the world, and of the British Empire, notably : passing the threshold into the twentieth century; the death of out beloved Mother Queen, which has broufht th«! Empire into a closer touch by a greater bond of common sympathy ; tli accession of a king to the throne uf thi Utitish Empire, a king of wlr m we may feel justly proud, for Kilward V'l; ii .r ly des- cribed as the most ■>opiilar m.in m (Ire-S"! Britain to-day; th' .ucr W.ir, hi;ht f. British liberty, in ich the Sm of t ■ and other parts ul the Empiie have such a creditable part, showing lurih he than words their loyal AitachmeMi ;.■ iAr British throne ; the confederation of tralian Provinces somewhat on the mo our Dominion ; the occup.ition of C'hu allied troops representing seien did' nations, the first occasion that the I'lui Slates has been represented with Europe, troops to settle an Eastern <,uestion ; th. most important financial and industrial eveni of the woild's history, viz , the formation o» the giant Steel Combine in the Unite'' States, which in its scope and vast capital: zation has been fitly characterized as a chal- lenge to the rest of the world ; the tragic and deplorable death of one of the greatest of that country's presiilents, President McKin- ley ; the memorable visit to Canad.i of the Heir Apparent and h:^ popular Consort, Their Royal Highnesses, the Uuke and Duches.^ of Cornwall and York. INDUSTKIAL PROORBSS But I must not continue to discuss any one of these features that have so marked the political, social and commercial progress dur- ing the past year, but must rather devote myself to those matters on which, as P dent of the Cana. an Manufacturers' associ- ation, I have hid exceptional opportunity of receiving information first hand ; and 1 con- sequently turn to say a few words on the industrial and manufacturing progress of our Dominion. In so doing, I feel that if there is one doctrine that we should emphasiie at our annual gatherinx, it is the absolute oneness of the interests of all the great producing classes of this country. We have he?rd of the evils of stirring up provincial, racial and other divisions, but is it not even more disastrous to stir up divisions on industrial lines? Can the Canadian farmer be prosperous when the mines are closed, when the fish v.atch is small, or when the factories are idle f Or, again, who feels the loss of a crop in Mani- toba more quickly or more keenly than the manufacturer who has made goods for that market, the half of which he cannot dispose of, and on the other half of which he is unable to realize satisfactory payment ? Thus, while there may have been times when cs'.ain Tsons have tried to stir up feelir,- btfvren the different producing classes of Canad.i, let us hope that in the light of the past and present experience such policy is forever dead, and it devolves upon this Association, as an integral part of the great producing army of Canada, to assist in the education of the Canadian people as to the intimate relation that exists between the welfare of the fanning, milling, fishing and manufacturing classes. We must seek by every possible means to obtain from the Canadian people, on whom our industries depend for their support, an intelligent interest in the great factories that employ our work-people and popult'.e our towns and cities OUR MANUFACTURES. How often do we hear that our manufac- tures are insignificant as compared with the othe' great interests of this country ? How often do we h.ar that our exports of man\'. factured goods amount to only $iC,ooo,ooo, a paltry io% of the exports of the country? How often are we told that our exports require more assistance than those of any other class, and yet are the least important ? But I have to-night a new phase of this question to present, when I emphasize the fact that our exports ..f manufactured goods comprise not merely lo/', but approximately 40% 01 the total exports of our country. We have here an Association, to the mem- bership of which there have been admitted those firms believed to be bona fide Cana- dian manufacturing establishments, and I take the export of articles that are made by members of this Association. Thus, are not asbestos, mica and ialt manufactured articles? Is not our canned fish a manu- factured product ? Is not our timber when sawn ino deals, iaths, planks, scantlings, box-shooks, barrel staves, etc., an item in the list of manufactured snoods ?— at least large factories employing many men, using millions of dollars of machinery, and pay- ing large sums fur factory insurance, are involved. Are not our canned meats, bacon, hams, etc., manufactured goods ? If not factories what are we to call establishments like that of the Laing Packing and Provision Company, of this city ? Are not our flour, oatmeal, etc., manufactured products? If not, how would you class an establish- ment like The Ogilvie Milling Com- pany, also of this city? Hence I go throngh the list of exports, keeping always in mind the difficulty of (rawing a hard and fast line between the manufactured article and the raw material. I have not included the output o. the mine, when shipped in its crude state, nor of the forest when shipped as logs, poles, etc., nor of our fisheries when exported without further labor than the catching ; nor even such products of the farm as b....^. and cheese, which may in the broad sense be regarded as manu- factured articles, and are often made in large factories. In short, 1 include only those articles made in what we commonly regard as factories, using machinery and motive power. I t I have no need to stretch the meaning of the term "manufacture," and yet 1 find that out of a total expoit of $ 177-241, "5 of •'" classes of Kooils la&t year, the exports of manufactured goods amounted to $67,894,- 9j8 or 383 / of the whole. U this not significant ? I will en<' ivor to show now what it means. VALUE OF FACTORIES Uy the census of 1891, it is shown that 370,256 hands were employed to produce 1476,258,886 worth of manufactured pro- ducts, that is one person for every $1,286 worth of goods produced. If this same pre rtion holds to- \v, we have 52,874 peopi. in Canadia; "tories producing manufactured goods . foreign countnes. If, then, as i ifcneraU; supposed, one per- son In t.npl'^vieiU supports four others, we have 211,47 neople supported in Canada h\ our expor > .lufactures alone. Hut we "vays reco},'ii..i that our export manufac- tures are only a small proportion of our total production. What this is will be shown by our census, the returns of which are now in process of preparation. To-night 1 can only approximate it. Our export trade in manufactures has increased since 1891 by 106%. If our home production had only increased half this amount, then our total output would now be $730,000,000. This illustrates to what a large extent Canadian manufactures have taken poss sion of the home market. We may emphasize this condition still further by our knowledge of the imports into So-.th Africa prior to the outbreak of the present war. The imports there to supply some 800,000 whites and 3,000.000 kaffirL were as large as the imports into Canada to supply the numerous wants of over 5,000,000 highly civilized and prosperous inhabitants. What, then, does it represent if our out- put "f manufactured goods last year amounted to $730,000,000.' It means the employment ui approximaiely 575,000, and the support of 2,300,000 people. Gentlemen, these figures amaze us, and 1. only await the announcement oi the , returns to verify their correctnes%. F-'om them it is seen that approxuuately two-tifihs of the people of Can.tda are sup- ported by our manufacturing indjstries. What this means, as compared witti '.he exp< rt only of law products, may be gained by a glance at our last census. The value of the raw materials used by our manufacturers was approximately $256,000. 000, the value of the finished p iduct $, !> ooo.ocKj. In other words, ihe industries of the country were responsible for retaining i22o,ooo,ooo of money within our own lx)r ders. Taking the figures of growth th.it we have already referred tr .his would mean for the year in which we 1 .ve alre.idyentered. that the manufacturing industries of Canada have been a net source of wealth to the country of approximately $40o,ooo.j% was a change in our fiscal policy which was much more likely to affect our manufacturers than any one class, and that they accepted the same without any determined protest speaks volumes for their loyalty and attachment to the British Crown. They understood it as a move intended to improve the feeling of the British people towards Canada, a feeling which It was hoped would show itself in larger purchases of our great output of farm products. While many manufacturers fell strongly that sentiment of this kind influ- enced business only to a slight extent, and while they pointed to the fact that Great Britain never entertained more friendly feel- ings to the United States than now, when her tariff is as nearly prohibitive as it is 8 possible to make it, still they made no pro- test, feeling thai if this policy assisted in developing a market for our farmers, and at the same time became the means of eventually obtaining some substan- tial advantage in the markets of the sister colonies and Great Britain, we would have little to regret. At the same time I am sure it is the opinion of Canadian manu- facturers that the duty of the Government is to legislate, first for Canada, and for Great Britain afterwards ; in other words, that the preference should give the British manufacturer a substantial advantage over his foreign competitor, but not over the Canadian, and, that when any Canadian industry has suffered, attention should be given promptly and fairly. This is only just to the men who have invested their capital in such particular industries. And I am one of those who believe that we render the greatest service to the Empire to which we belong when we take measures to develop our own strength and resources rather than handicap any section of our own people to give a trade advantage to anv sec- tion of the British trading community. We strongly commend the policy of stability in tariff legislation, but, at the same time feel that from time to time attention should be given in a thorough way to this question in order that measures may be taken to meet any new difficulties that may have resulted from changing conditions. RECIPROCAL TRADE RELATIONS. In concluding this reference to tariff matters, it is well to refer to the strong feel- ing that I believe prevails among the manu- facturers of Canada in favor of obtaining, if possible, some reciprocal trade arrangement between our country and the other sister colonies, as well as Great Britain herself. While we recognize the difficulty attending the bringing about of such an important matter, and the diplomatic rules that have to be observed, we would strongly urge our (iovernment to keep this matter ever in mind, and to take every fair opportunity to press forward towards its accomplishment. GENERAL TRADE CONDITIONS. As President of this important Association, it is a pleasure to note the gratifying increase in the e.\ports from our country. Last year our total exports amounted to $177,241,11;, the highest ever reached at any time in the history of Canada. Our exports for the three months of July, August and Septem- ber, Just closed, amounted to $50, 134, 19; and from these I am pleased to note a satisfac- tory increase in the export of manufactured j^oods above those of the corresponding period of last year. This growmg export trade strongly confirms me in the view that the unprecedented activity in all lines of manufacture and business generally has been sound and healthy and that so far we have no reason to anticipate any speedy relapse or depression. Our bank returns also indicate the same feature. In the month of September, just closed, for which the banking returns have been issued, we show several new records in banking statis- tics i'or Canada. In that month the total net circulation amounted to $56,000,000, which is within $11,000,000 of the total cir- culat g power of our Canadian Banks. ad: ITION OF NEWFOUNDLAND. As manufacturers, too, we have noted with considerable satisfaction the renewed interest in the question of confederatmg Newfoundland with the Doininion of Canada. While many of us are not in a position to go into all the political aspects of this question, we would, as producers, gladly hail the incorporation of the Island of Newfoundland as a part of the Dominion bringing it under our tariff laws, and opening to us a market which is at present very largely supplied by the United States. EDUCATION. During the past year there have been many evidences of development in manu- facturing which have not appeared on the surface. I believe that there are no more wide awake business men in Canada than those that we have with us in manufacturing. I would illustrate this from the Interest thit s i \ I was taken through our Association in the question of " Higher Education." The Association's influence has been largely instrumental in creating a greater in- terest in industrial life in our universities. The School of Practical Science in Toronto is now an integral part of Toronto University, and constitutes the faculty of applied science. The liberal appropriation of the Ontario Government towards the enlargement of the School of Practical Science, and the laud- able efforts of the Minister of Education of the Province of Ontario in technical educa- tion ^ive evidence of the public interest in more practical education. Manual Training Schools are being located at different points, owing to the pr.ictical liberality of Sir Wil- liam C. McDonald, of Montreal, a member of this Association. It is technical and commercial education that has placed Germany in the po'^ition of a dangerous rival to Great Britain, and there is need for energetic action to f ice the keen and growing competition of industrial countries, such as Germany and the United States, countries which have given attention to practical, as well as theoretical education. One proof that our people are e.iger foi a more scientific knowledge of their special trades is that there are 25,000 Cina-lians receiving instruction by mail through the United States Nationa! Correspondence Schools. This indicates that our artisans feel the need of a more practical education. Capable, well trained men, are as impor- tant in busii.ess as ii. professional life. The great majority of students in the past have gone into the so-called learned professions, but, if I can read the tendency of the times aright, a much greater proportion will enter commercial life in the futuie. Why should not the student, if he chooses, instead of confining himself to theories and econ- omic conditions of days long pa t, devote himself to the study and solving of the great vital problems of our own time and country ? Modern conditions are such thai men must be trained to handle large matters, and select the ra and file to attend to smaller details. They must be able to organize, arrange the division of labor, grasp and understand opportunities, and nowhere should the liberal and broadening tendencies of our industrial life be better assisted than in the colleges of our Dominion. The field of industry will never be fully occupied, but will always offer rewards to the right kind of ability. It is true our country presents great natural advantages, Uiit, without the inventive skill and its intelligent application, ba Ued up by enterprise and energy, we shall tall in the scale of nations, for the survival of the fittest is a law which never changes. SKILLED ACCOUNTING. 1 wish to emphasize the import.->nce to our manufacturers of having skilled accountants. In our offices we are accustomed to obtain the best help available to keen our accounts, regulate our credits, and attend to our bank- ing : though often— too often— this help is not as skilled and as highly trained as it should be : but, in the factory, where we deal with materials, time, machinery, waste and wear and tear, all representing money, the same reganifor skilled help asa "-ule is not observed, and indeed the services of skilled accountants, capable of following all these items accurately, and of formulating reliable cost accounts, are difficult to obtain. In these days of keen competition it is highly important that the manufacturer should know, to the fraction of a cent, the cost of his goods. TRADE AND NAVIGATION RETURNS .\t the same time we have given close attention to the securing of reliable informa- tion for our members upon the prog'e^s of trade in which they are interested. Through representations made to the Government by our Association, it was decided to issue a monthly trade and navigation report, classi- fying the exports and imports under some 1,400 headings. Thi reports are issued J shortly after the close of each month, and are a credit to the Department of Customs by whom they are issued. I commend this l!lue Hook to the study of every member, in order that he may inform himself promptly as to what extent his foreign competitors are taking possession of the Canadian market, and at the same time I desire to praise the (Government for their prompt action in this matter. We also hope, in the offices of our own Association, to j;ive special care to the working ou of such statistical information as may be of practical advantage to our members. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. In the same line I would point to the success that has recently attended our efforts in the formation of a Canadian Section of the .Society of Chemical Industry. This i:nportant Society, with headquarters in Gre.1t Britain, publishes a journal full of most valuable information for every class of manufacture into which industrial chemistry enters. The formation of a Canadian Sec- tion, whose mer bership is composed both of practical manu.icturers and of the teach- ing chemists of our country, will afford many opportunities of discussing questions that shoula greatly affect the cost of pro- duction in many important lines of Canadian goods, and the utilization of various ''•sses of waste material. The formation of this Society is to he resjarded as one of the im- portant features connected with the work of our Association during the past year. LABOR QUESTION. .Another important topic on whi<.h I might be expected to say a few words is the relation of our Associatioi' and our members to the Labor Question and the Labor Unions of Canada. .\t the outset let me say that our Association has never had any connection with labor questions as such, that we have no organization for industrial warfare, and that in the past our relations with labor organizations have sen most cordial. We :;iu5t deplore, however, the occasional strikes that have occurr< d during the past year, and we believe it to u,': important that all possible provisions should be made lo prevent these ruinous contests, which injure employers and empfoyees and entail heavy loss on the general public as well. The practical ques- tion of improving this situation is a most difficult one. We hear much to-day ofcom- pulsory arbitration and its operations in New Zealand. While this mat'er has never been discussedatanyofourmeetings,! am sure that the members of our Association would view with alarm any hasty experimental legislation along these lines. The great difficulty attending the s:curing of impartial arbitra- tors, who are also competent to Judge of the merits of questions at issue, ar.d the still more serious difficulty of enforcing decisions in a country like Canada, so contiguous to the manufacturing Republic to the South, should cause hesitation. There are very conflicting opinions expressed as to the working of this system in New Zealand, and it is well to note that even a successful opera- tion in that country would not gui^rantee any success here. New Zealand is a country at least a week's sail from any neighbor. It is entirely self contained, and its problems are mixed up in no way with any other country. Here in Canada, however, the case is entirely different. We are so close to the United States, and our questions are so interwoven with theirs, that the adoption of any similar policy here might have serious effects. I feel, therefore, t".iat it would be little short of an industrial misfortune if any aggressive legislative policy were adonted by our Government while the success ..ould be, to say the least, highly speculative. There are one or two features in connec- tion with Trade Unionism, however, that we must deplore to-day. One is the policy of some international trade unions, which have declared industrial strife in Canada at the in- centive of organizations whose ' eadquarters are situated in the United States, and those interests are entirely opposed to the further- ance u. .lie industrial progress of Canada. The other is the growing tendency of certain unions to claim privileges relating; to the government of businesses w^iich practically mean the handing over of the management by those who li ■ the respc»nsibility to those who have not. • will ever be the aim of this Associatio. assist in the promotion of the very best feeling between master and man, and to encourage among our members, as much as possible, a policy of liberal treat- ment of their work-people, but the 'abor question is at present no part of our work. Should any occasion arise, hovever, that miyht check Canadian industrial develop- ment we could not stand aloof. TRANSPORTATION. Hut to turn to a new subject. There is no matter >•{ more vital interest to our manu- facturers to-day than the question of trans- portation, apJ we commend to the earnest attention of the Government the careful consideration oi" the best means of extend- ing oar transportation facilities. As yet only a very slight proportion of the produce of the farm, the forest, the mine, and the factory find their way to consuming markets abroad through Canadian channels. We commend to the attention of the Govern- ment the encouragement of Canadian ship- ping from Canadian ports, and with it also the encouragement of Canadian shipbuild- ing. There is no industry that requires the product of so many different classes as ship-building, and any aggressive policy in this direction should commend itself at onre to the attention ol the whole Canadian p< jple. EXHIBITION. We would at the same time piaise the active interest taken by the Government during the past year in assisting Canadian export trade by the handsome exhibits pro- vided at the Glasgow and Pan-.American Exhibitions. The expenditure involved at both these Exhibitions will, we believe, many limes over repay itself to Canada during the next few years. MEMBERSHIP AND INFLUENCE But I must now luines for their public spirit, inter- est 1.- and attachment to the Assoi uition. The reports of the various coniTnittees, w'lich will be placed before you, will review at some length the work unilertaken, and what has been accomplished. GENERAL OBJECT OF THE ASSOCIATION. The general object of the Association, first and foremost, is to serve our country faith- fully and loyally, and, so far as is consistent with thii, to help each other in the promo- tion of our manufacturing industries, and according to our By-Laws 1 and 2. I. To secure by all legitimate means the aid of both public opinion ind (iovernment policy in favor of home industries and the promotion of Canadian manufacturing enter prises. 3. To enable those engaged iii all branches of Canadian manufacturing enterprises to act 13 in concert, as a united body, whenever action in behalf of any particular industry or the whole body becomes necessary. It is also our purpose to bring into har- mony the views of our manufacturer, .om all parts of the Dominion. We must meet together in a spirit of mutual concession that we may aim in obtaining the objects of the Association with oneness of purpose. In all our transactions, we know no party ; the Association is absolutely non-political and non-p.irtisan, devoting all its energies to advancing the industrial interests of the Dominion. ORGANIZATION Our Association is now thoroughly organ- ized. We have the Central Executive Com- mittee, on which are representatives of every section of the Dominion, and we have as well local and provincial branches organized to take up questions of local and municipal interest. We also have various committees who give care. ..1 attention to the ». irking out of those matters which relate to the important subjects allotted to them. The Association has nothing to do with prices or combinations to affect prices, but aims only at acting together to show the direction of Canadian industrial opinion, and to advance the manufacturing interests of our country. TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE. Our Railwayand Transportation Committee has important work before it. While it is our aim not to constitute it as a merely grievance committee, we have from time to time been instrumental in securing the redress of certain grievances which could not otherwise have been as well provided for. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE Our Parliamentary Committee also has important work before it. Our large financial transportation and other co-operate interests are represented at Ottawa by able agents well qualified to place before our representatives the views of those important interests. The manufacturers of Canada should also be represented by one capable of imparting reliable informa- tion to the members of Parliament, that they may deal with questions affecting the industrial interests of Canada, and be fully acquainted with our side of the question, which has not been altogether the case heretofore. TArx.lFF COMMITTEE The Tariff Commit":e seeks to take an 'inprejudiced view of the request of our members for changes in the tariff legislation. It endeavors to reconcile the interests of different classes of manufactures, and to arrive at a basis that will be satisfactory to the different interests involved. The work is of the very greatest value, and from time to time is of considerable use to the Gov- ernment. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE Our Committee on Commercial Intelli- gence was organized for the purpose of investigating special questions relating t.i the interests of manufacturers, the develop- ment of our export trade, and other impor- tant matters. EXPORT TRADE AND TRADE INDEX. I would refer also to the important work undertakenby the Aasociation in connection with export trade. Last year we issued the Canadian Trade Index, which is a classified directory of the membership of our Associa- tion, published in English, French and Spanish. 15,000 copies of this work have been distributed, advertising our members and their products to one another, and also to buyers outside of Canada. We cannot well conceive the vast unount of good this will do, for already hundreds of enquiries have poured into the office as a result, and many firms have reported new trade connec- tions obtained thiough this medium. We have appointed correspondents in various foreign countries to post us on trade conditions there. We have advertised in foreign journals that we will furnish any in- formation with reference to Canadian trade, '3 aiK" every foreign mail brings enquiries for different classes of goods. These are at once communicated to our membrrs by special bulletins, tnd afterwards pub'cshed in " Industrial Canada." UBNBRAL INFORMATION. At the oflfire of the Associatic'ii there is kept on file as complete lists of foreign tariffs, freight charges, etc., as possible, for the mformatiori of our m-jmbers. We have obtained exhibits from some foreign countr'es showing the ( .iducts that can be exported to Canada, and also the class of i.ianufactured goods that they purchase. We have arran^fed tn obtain leliable con- fidenti"' reports on the standing of foreign firms, at the minimum of cost. As a result of this work, I am able io report th.'>^ over forty firms have arranged for the represen- tation of goods outside of Cr.nada through the direct efforts of the Association. DEATH OP MEMBERS. In closing, I must refer to the breaches that hr.ve been cause*, in our membership throuj h death during the past year. These have jeen not a few, and we have from time to time chronicled the death of members in ■'most every Province of the Dominion. 1 te to-day the especially sad circumstances attending the death of one of our esteemed members, who was to have taken an active part in this Annual Meeting. I refer to Mr. Walter E. H Massey, President of the Massey-Harris Company in Toronto, one of our best members, and Vice-Chairman of the Agricultural Implement Section of this Association. In Mr. Massey, Canada has lost one of the most enterprising of her sons. CONCLUSION. As Canadians, we are justl ' ^.roud of our country, and impressed with the vast possi- bilities of the future, varied as they are great No one can travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific without being impressed with its magnitude and possibilities ; greater than ever, when we realize that the line of travel is along the southern edge, and that tn the north of this line exists a yet finer and r cher territory of enormous extent, limost un- kno II to the farmer, stock-raiser, miner, or lumberman, and containing all the elements of future prosperity in every line of business industry. It is good that our manufacturers should come together from all pnrts of Canada — make each other's acquaintance— learn each other's views, and profit by each othrr's experience. Let each woik for the Associa- tion and thurselves, and carrying for ourselves to the fullest extent of our possibilities. Review any of our leading manufacluiing eMablishnients to-day, then look back, ten, twenty and thirty year, ago, i.nd observe their small beginnings, trace their growth, and which of us will say they have reached their limit ? Who will denjr the great opportunities before us .' There is a wide field open in cvciy direction to the ei'terprise of our people. We are more in- terested in the future th.. i in the past. Then lei us be hopeful, accept the fullest measure of our responsibilities, and carry with us at all times that which is moie potential than money, viz. commercial honor which brings credit It would not be just to the .ricmbers of this Associ.ition, nor to our esteemed Secretary, were I not to Gtrorgly emphasize his loyal aaachment to your interests. The present proud position of the .'Vsiocialion is largely due to his earnest, consistent work. In conclusion I mustexpre^^s my gr.-itiiude for the pleasant associaiio 'S I have enjnyed with you. and the hearty and disint.:re>ted assistance you have given me. I sh.ill ever lonk back on the past fifteen months as one of the most profitable and enjoyable periods of my life. mmmm WPiP THE WOOLLEN INDUSTRY Addfeu by C T. ALEXANDER. MR Chairman ANU Cf.ntlemen— Per- haps before laying my views before this numerous and influential meeting, it may be as well to explain how I come to take such an interest ill the Woollen Industry of this vast Dominion aflSlia'.ed by so many ties of interest and sentiment to the Mother Country. For over forty years I have btjn engaged actively in business, both as a merchant and manufacturer, in Scotland, and it has been my privilege to represent the South of Scotland Chamber of Commerce as Presi- dent, and as a fellow of the Associated Chambers of Great Britain and Ireland, in which capacity I was sent to advise with Parliamentary Committees on tariff questiors, »nd had the opportunity of meeting the best and brightest minds in the commercial and political world, and here I may state that the free trade policy was the general sentiment of the Associated Chambers, although we are not without a minority who were stronjjly protectionist — for myself, I was then, and am still, quite clear as to the free trade principle being for the best interests of Great Britain. So that in coming to this side of the Atlantic, I came as a free trader ; and for some years before my eyes were opened by the X rays of practical demonsltation, I advocated the free trade policy. My object in telling you this is to sliow you how strong and clear must have been the practical facts which there was no gainsaying, to have con- verted a bred-in-the-bone Cobden «nd Bri'.lht free trader like mytelf. 1 lived in the S.ates when the first McKinley bill was in force, also under the reduced Wilson tarifT, and having had exceptional opportunities of observing the workings of these diflierent measures designed for the advancement of the various industries of that country, I am now of the settled conviction that a tarilT that does really protei ; is under the conditions there and here existing abso- lutely necessary, and has had the effect of bettering the condition of all classes and raising the standard of living, especially for working men. Under the reduced Wilson Tariff all domestic industries suffered. Foreign im- portations increased and domestic manu- facturers were displaced ; whilst under the Dingley Tariff, foreign importations were checked, and correspondingly domesiic manufacturers took their place, and, as a result, houses that formerly dealt exclusively i.- foreign goods were gl.id to substitute f'omestic in their place ; and further, under this fostering influence American manufac- turers improved in the style and quality of their product, and by ensuring to the manu- facturer th ■- home market in its entirety, increased pi -duction has enabled the manu- facturer to keep prices on such a level as to make their prosperity no burden to the rest of the community. This point, I want to emphasize and drive home, as it is self-evident to everyone who has ever been engaged in the manu- facturing industry. In other words, instead of a mill hav- ing to offer, say, 500 styles to keep the machinery going, they are enabled, with a larger market, to run on fifty styles and hence at a greatly decreased cost of production. The object of protection is not to increase prices, but by getting our own home market to reduce them, and this has been the effect in the United States where domestic com- petition has kept prices at the lowest level, and has enabled them to invade the markets of the world . I have official figures from the U. S. Treasury Department at Washington giving the imports of woolens for • ' ending June. 1901, which for a populati ,.ver 70 mil- lions amounts to $14,000,000 ; and I have alfo the official figures for Canada from Ottawa, which are given at ten millions for your population of less than six millions. Thus Canada imports of foreign manufac- tures of woolens at the rate of one dollar and sixty cents for each man, woman and child, whereas the United States for its vast population impons only at the rate of 20 cents per head ; or in short Canada imports eight times per head what the United States does. The development of your home industries is by far the most potent factor in giving you an increase of population. You cannot have a greater object lesson than that you have in the States. There you find high protection, unbounded all-round prosperity, and every yar swarms of emigrant entering her domain, attracted by hit;h wages, consequent on the development of her industries and resources. RESOURCES ARE GIFTS - INDUS- TRIES ARE CREATIONS. Now, with you m your vast Dommion with boundless territory and resources by river, lake, sea and land, with ihe great- est forests in the world, a climate in great part the most healthy and enjoy- able in all the King's vast realm, the first thing to see to is what is within your own power, and what lies in your hand. This claims your first attention. that is, see your home industries are kept effectively protected, and that what now goes to the foreigner is kept in your own midst and so encourage emigrants of skilled labor to come to your shoies and build up your country. I want to point out also that this is one means of stopping the depletion of the best blood of your country, who with no open ings here are tempted to take their energies and allegiance over the border. I had a conversation with one of the oldest and most influential of your citizens of Toronto. He said : " It makes my heart sore to find our young men, well ediic.-tted and well trained, stalwart fellows, going over to build up the States, instead of remaining in their own land, making it almost a breeding ground for a rival nation." Prosperous industries afford openings for the vigorous, healthy sons of your farmers, and additional population earning good wages, provides also a home market for your farmers' produce. Indeed, 1 know of no class of the community who would benefit more by thriving industries than the farmers themselves. Of imported woollens I would ask ; Does your farmer get any market or demand for his wool ? Not one ounce, whereas by having such wool manufactured here he can increase his flocks and lind a home demand m.ade to his hand. Now I come to the preferential tariff, which has hit and is hitting the woollen manufacturer so hard. England stands pre-eminent the world over in its manufactures of woollens, and in conceding this preference it has been granted to your greatest competitor, and for which you cannot point to one particle of reciprocal advantage. But whilst, as an expert in woollens, hav- ing h.indled, bought and sold them since I was fourteen years of age, and consequently my remarks have ii.id more particular refer- ence to the hardship under which your woollen manufacturers labor, 1 want to say that 1 am in the heartiest accord with ade- quate piotection being given to all the Indus- tries of the Dominion. / ^ay the preferential tariff has hit the woollen trade hardest of all. Other industries of Canada, say, furniture, pianos, organs, agricultural implements, boots and shoes, may not have been so hit, but suppose a preference at 33 '^ per cent, had been given to the United States, their greatest competitor, how would it not have imperilled, if not extinguished their indus- tries. Such, however, is the hard case of the woollen industry, against which they are making a gallant though up-hill fight, under great discouragement. Now gentlemen, I am in great hopes that with a Government in power at Ottawa that are realizing the beneficial and wise policy of granting favorable concessions m grunts of free lands to settlers in the West, and also in giving all encouragement to the steel and iron and mining inaustries, both by bounties and concessions, I say I am in great hopes they will see their way clear ir. some practical way also to help one of the oldest industries in the Dominion and set it on the road to a deserved prosperity. Of course, there is the sentiment of loyalty. Now, in loyalty to the Mother Country, I stand second to no man living. I have taken the oath of allegiance as a volunteer when fear of invasion stirred the manhood of my native land, and have had the honor 16 of being presented to the illustrious Sover- eign, her late Majesty; so that in what tends to the unity, extension and strengthening of the Empire, I am with you heart and soul. Although for Imperial federation, neither the hour nor the man has come. IJut when the Rose and expectancy of this fair State, the observed of all observers, with his future Queen passed through on his world-tour, my heart swelled with emotion to see the spontaneous ebullition of loyal feeling that on all sides gave them warm and welcome greetings. But whilst we are all sincerely loyal, that does not mean that Canadian interests are to be sacrificed to that of the Mother Country, and I am sure the Government of Great Britain does not wish it either. What Britain wants to see and what you want to see Is on this side a great, a growing dependency filling up with a population r-i our own tongue and breed, ar-". retaining your own sons and people under the proud flag of the Maple and Union Jack. Then should storms ever arise around our much loved Isle, a population increased by wise legislation to ten millions, will form the pride and glory of the Empire, and such a buttress as will keep her where she now is, the head of the nations of the world and th' Mistress of the Seas.