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Lee cartea. planchea. tableeux. etc.. peuvent itre filmte i dee taux da rMuction diff«ranta. Loraque la document eat trop grand pour itre reproduit an un seul clichA. il eat film* A partir de I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et do haut 9n baa. an prenent Ie nombre d'Imegee nAceaaaire. Lea diagrammes suiventa illuatrent Ie mithode. 1 2 3 32t 1 2 3 4 5 6 ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPHRIMFNT STATION Bulletin lviii SPRING GRAINS IN 1890 BY THOMAS SHA^y PKOKKSSOIl OP AQKICULTURK tviiLisiiEit n\ riiK nuPtRTUHM or .iguiculturk Fi-hviiftri/ -J ISOl TORONTO PRINTED BV WARWICK & SONS \\ \l ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION. GUELPH, ONTARIO. ; COLLEGE STAFF. '• "■T^^'''- '"^•-' *--'. ^«<«7. M-^ M^ a t HUNT, R.A., A«I«... B«id«,. «Ki M^«.«,.ri M«h,. FARM OFFICERS. JAMES FOBSTTH, Fo«.„ „ Ho«tal.«i Dn.*.^^ ^ jf O A O > 1 't ( » BULLETIN LVIII 4 EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING (H^AINS. tion of varieties t^^Jhn^Tl *i*"'°.^ ^°' *»>« i»**^««- same country, andd^ prSdud^a vlSi- ^•'^ ^^**^*^ P»'^ <>* ^^^ always exist In th s f^t Te^fii? 1 ''*''? T ^*^"^^ "^'^^ ^"^ existence of experimented fe^i^.^"'* '^ ^'^''"'^ "«««'«"<> 'or the farm during the sCL?^? llsj"^ '^2?^ -uccessfuUy at tiii relating tolui the varieti^ Jown' ^h Jf ^ »»Portant comparisons yield, weight of Krain we1lS^T^;«. ^5 wmpansona rekte (1) to the ;arieties mEneJ ?2 LZ7. *"^^»\o* ^^"ring in all growth, to the 8tCurt'ai?wd«ht of Sf 1^-'' ^ '^l^"^*' «' percentage of the hull andto woiL„«« *5 -^"^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ of the Varieties named ?3)tSfhr ^'"^"."7 from rust in some different countrierAfale^^viS^H.^ • ^Jf f ^ "^"^ ««>«» (4) to sixrowed and twcJrow^Lu!! ^^^^ '^^^ **»««»' »"<» out hulla two-rowed barieys respectively, with and with- wiS'M^tTtt^^ftlfstva^^^^^^ of pease and 92 yi>^iJti^^ofo^r%Z^%'''"^r^^^ ^^ ""^^^ kind of gmin were JoZ undTr « J^ ^T"* ^*™'»«' ^^ e'M'h treatmeSi. TheTw^^o J^ «fl k •^' ^^<*»*ioM " to soU and fiftieth of an aS^f eXnS c^ o^f Sjl'ilT ^^'^^ ~?*~^"« °««- acre in that of neasranS nSlJ!^ 1?,® ^^^^y*' one-sixtieth of an -priug wh^t InTS'ts °"^^»"*''«»*J^ o« an acre in that of the wJghSobtl*:/rm'jil°^^^^^^^^^ "Ponthe stendard were thoroughly cleanedT' ""'^'"' """^ "**" **™Pie8 that tJ^ietilsTf^i^W^^^^^^ fi"t <*We relates to the 1890. ThraVe^'JidS L Jvin fo/th*"f *"* ^'^^' ^ ^^^^ ^^ ~ rage yieia 18 given for the two years. The varieties I 6 ^wn in 1889 were «>wn on April 16th and those of 1890 on April Oheyno Chevalier Mandsohuri Oderbrucher Bmprets £«rly BlMk Scotch Improved . Selected Chevalier Common Oolden Drop Lb. of Tone g«in "' per •*™'^ ' acre. Germany. 48.6 France .. 47.6 Growed.JRuMia ...I 47.8 «rowed. Germany. I 46.8 2-rowed. England .| 45.4 tt-rowed. 6- rowed. 2-rowed. 6-rowed. France Ontario . Fngland Ontario |2-rowed. Germany, 44.8 44.4 43.0 41.7 41.4 In addition to these, the following varieties went ov^ in k TT per acre, viz.: Halletfs Pedigree (GermanlT PkLT /^ **""*'^^" -eight for the o^p of 1890 ™M fclTJ'? "rf'.^ "'"'''» .«r .0 have done „,„„h better in A^^eH^iJ^""""" ^'^■ yield, in 1890. T^^Zf^Z'll^^^l^^'^ «»™ ""e higheet Variety. Country Bush, n*'' .''^ whence obtained, Herison Bearded White Fyfe Bart Trimenia. ,, White Russian.., J'wiFern I Ontario . a — "-JiiiTiuui vTcnnany. Holben'o Improved! Germany. France . Ontario. Greece . Ontario.. per acre. 27.2 26.9 26.3 22.1 21.9 2i.a 20.4 i grain per bush 64 60 64 57i 60 Tons of straw per acre. Riut tendency. 68^ The Herison Bearded has been tested for year ahead of all the foreign varieties and .90 .89 .06 91 76 90 70 Very slight.. Considerable, Very slight. . Considerable. Slight Very slight.. &fedium two years, and was last also of all the Canadian foi nei vai II vurietiei except the Wild Ooom T* j- - « • i •J-f r P -» -d U almost en^iy free fro^r'^t. "¥? TTf' ■hort but compact, and ia beardflH • *ul u «° ."• . "''® **«*^ ^» rather .mall but Dlumn ^A ; ' i '*'5* " '^^ *°** '»>« ^rry i« thoughagooV/idlel^^wlh^we'i/lher''''' ^"^^ ^u"'"''"-' P.A8K.--Th; informatirViven in t^e thirdTh/'' '*"? ^'^y* five varieties of peaie which irave tL h,„l . , . **^l® "''•'«■ *<> were wwn April 24th * ^^^"^ ^''''^" ^° ^®^<^- They Sweet Jewie .... Early Racehorae. Mummy Early Britain. Country whence obtained. England England Ontario.. England Tom of Date of iitraw matur' per ing, acre, White Woni l., |N.wZ»l.nd 1890. The .vVrwe Ji^l J. li *' '.'" 'u*''"' ^'•'''" *"• '889 and Variety. Country whence obtained, Goanette Black Prance. Houdan Black France., ^«°»*"«« I France.. Oderbrucher Danebrog Siberian Black Etaropea. . Probeteier I Germany Pringle'sProgreas.. .. | Ontario. . Improved Besthorne. . . | Germany. Germany.! 66.6 Germany.) 64.0 France, France. V.H.U. given i„ «., i^^"Tj\jtziT'i^::^^:t 31 ■ ■ "i !f>'' " ' j ■■ w w ' -wmia i n'i average yield of tLe ten poorest wm 27.8 bnsheli, that ia, the ten Mod vanetiet yielded 230 per cent, more than the ten poor onea. It ii also worthy of note that these good varieties all possessed the spreading head. The tendenov to rust is slight in the first, third fourth, fifth, seventh and ninth, considerable in the tenth and slight to medium in the rest. The color of grain in the first and second is pale black, the third and seventh black, the tenth yellow, and in the others white. The Goanette Black, Houdan Black, Ohenailles and Black Etampea are very much alike in all essential characteristics. The straw is strong and of medium height, or a little less. It stands exception- ally well, is not coarse and is almost entirely free from rust. They are somewhat inclined to shell easily when ripe, as is often the caM with valuable grainii. They also yield well and weigh well, and have a small percentage of hull as compared with the kernel. AviRAOK TiBLDS OF Barlbyb.— The average yields of barleys grown from seed obtained in the five countries named are as follows : Country. No. of varieties. Bush, per acre. Qemuuiy EngUnd France 17 U 7 4 4 86.6 42.2 87.6 88.2 88.6 Ontario Sweden AvBRAOB YiBLDB OF Oats.— The average yields of oats grown from seed obtuned in the seven countries named in the table are as follows : Country. No. of varieties. Ontario . France.. Geraoany Sootland England i^ouda .. Aoatralia 21 19 16 18 9 6 4 Boah. per acre. 44.8 47.8 18.0 41.8 41.8 42.7 82.6 Two-BowpD AND Siz-RowiD Bablbtb.— The next table gives information regarding the 64 varietioB of barley grown with and It a g tl t( vitl.out htills ns to yiel.l, weight of ^min ,K3r l.uHh^I and the «ue of the grainn. Charaett^r i>f , With or with- h»,'ad out htilU. oix-riiwed., < I < I Without IkiIIm T...-. , ( With hulU ... I j Without hull- No. of varictiea. Ihmh. I*r 1 87.46 6 1 81.00 80 87.81 1 21. JK) lil). IKT bu»li. — -,,--.. fii.2i 01.80 61.87 03 00 No. of fri-nins' 773 848 m> 478 It should he hoiu.; ii.n.iiul (1) that the average yields obtained in growing these orams is more than the average is likely to prove m the country generally, for they we.e «1| grown under very favor- m! I'T. '""' ' ^'^ "r' ''"V'r ""'^''^^ ''•-" notlikely to he realised thi, bulletin will be va uable nuunly in localities with soil and climatic conditions similar to those he,... The .soil where these plots were grown n.ftj' be termed a mild clay loam, ooutuiniMg a considerable quantity of hun.us, and ,t is son>ewhat low in aspect. The average mean temperature for the past four years for the five n.ouths com- mencing with May let ha.s been 61.43" F. Conclusions. ments which have been summarised above • 1. It is highly probable that some of the foreign varieties of barley named m the table will be found to give higher yields tha^ttSe ally h'rVred'""^ '" ''"'"'^^ "'"^ '''''' '^^^ '^«^"^« '"^^ ««"- 2. It is probable that in some localities the Heiison Bearded spring wheat will be found to be an improvement on many of the varieties that are now giOAn. ' 'JiJ?'''" P'^'^'f'. 1"^''='^^°"'' ^''''"'^ "P«" <^»»e trial given in the i« 1 Itr^ "P * *"*^ •"" * ^^!^'' '"*'" °" *^''' ^*""' the Mummy pea io b?lhl T"// ^;'"!;'""^ ""''^''^ ^'^^''^y- «'t''«"8»' the straw is not highly valued for feeding I'urposes owini. to it« .navp. k.k;. ..* growth. * ^ . - — .-. ... fl,«'wnl!5* ^wT rl^*'^^\°*' ^r^"''' °**^«' ^»^' the Goanetce Black, InlfrZ f ^t ^^^ ^^'"'^^^^'^ «"d the Black Etampes, are Hkei; to prove of much value to the farmers of this province, as they 10 possess in common and in a marked dejfree nearly all the most valu- able characteristics of oats. Their color will however discount thena in the estimation of the oatmeal millers. The behavior of the Oderbrucher, also a white variety from Germany, has been such as to entitle it to the favorable consideration of the farmers It iias been mout favorably recommended by the oatmeal millers. 5. Judging from the experience of the past two years the Enirlish barleys give on the whole the best results, but some fine growing and yielding varieties come from Germany and France. In reference to oats, the French varieties should be placed first, all things con- sidered, although some kinds from Germany do nearly as well 6. The average yields obtained from the two-rowed and six-rowed yaneties of barley are not far diflTerent, nor is there much difference m the average weights of the two classes. 7. The average returns from the foreign varieties are in a majority ot instances superior to those from the old standard varieties.