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 1 
 
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 32t 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 4 5 6 
 
ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 
 
 EXPHRIMFNT STATION 
 
 Bulletin lviii 
 
 SPRING GRAINS IN 1890 
 
 BY THOMAS SHA^y PKOKKSSOIl OP AQKICULTURK 
 
 tviiLisiiEit n\ riiK nuPtRTUHM or .iguiculturk 
 
 Fi-hviiftri/ -J ISOl 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 PRINTED BV WARWICK & SONS 
 
\\ 
 
 \l 
 
ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 
 
 EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 GUELPH, ONTARIO. 
 
 ; COLLEGE STAFF. 
 
 '• "■T^^'''- '"^•-' *--'. ^«<«7. M-^ M^ 
 a t HUNT, R.A., A«I«... B«id«,. «Ki M^«.«,.ri M«h,. 
 
 FARM OFFICERS. 
 JAMES FOBSTTH, Fo«.„ „ Ho«tal.«i Dn.*.^^ 
 
 ^ jf O A O 
 
 
> 1 
 
 't ( » 
 
 BULLETIN LVIII 
 
 4 
 
 EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING (H^AINS. 
 
 tion of varieties t^^Jhn^Tl *i*"'°.^ ^°' *»>« i»**^««- 
 same country, andd^ prSdud^a vlSi- ^•'^ ^^**^*^ P»'^ <>* ^^^ 
 always exist In th s f^t Te^fii? 1 ''*''? T ^*^"^^ "^'^^ ^"^ 
 existence of experimented fe^i^.^"'* '^ ^'^''"'^ "«««'«"<> 'or the 
 
 farm during the sCL?^? llsj"^ '^2?^ -uccessfuUy at tiii 
 relating tolui the varieti^ Jown' ^h Jf ^ »»Portant comparisons 
 yield, weight of Krain we1lS^T^;«. ^5 wmpansona rekte (1) to 
 the ;arieties mEneJ ?2 LZ7. *"^^»\o* ^^"ring in all 
 growth, to the 8tCurt'ai?wd«ht of Sf 1^-'' ^ '^l^"^*' «' 
 percentage of the hull andto woiL„«« *5 -^"^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ 
 of the Varieties named ?3)tSfhr ^'"^"."7 from rust in some 
 
 different countrierAfale^^viS^H.^ • ^Jf f ^ "^"^ ««>«» 
 (4) to sixrowed and twcJrow^Lu!! ^^^^ '^^^ **»««»' »"<» 
 out hulla two-rowed barieys respectively, with and with- 
 
 wiS'M^tTtt^^ftlfstva^^^^^^ 
 
 of pease and 92 yi>^iJti^^ofo^r%Z^%'''"^r^^^ ^^ ""^^^ 
 kind of gmin were JoZ undTr « J^ ^T"* ^*™'»«' ^^ e'M'h 
 treatmeSi. TheTw^^o J^ «fl k •^' ^^<*»*ioM " to soU and 
 
 fiftieth of an aS^f eXnS c^ o^f Sjl'ilT ^^'^^ ~?*~^"« °««- 
 acre in that of neasranS nSlJ!^ 1?,® ^^^^y*' one-sixtieth of an 
 -priug wh^t InTS'ts °"^^»"*''«»*J^ o« an acre in that of the 
 
 wJghSobtl*:/rm'jil°^^^^^^^^^ "Ponthe stendard 
 
 were thoroughly cleanedT' ""'^'"' """^ "**" **™Pie8 that 
 
 tJ^ietilsTf^i^W^^^^^^ fi"t <*We relates to the 
 
 1890. ThraVe^'JidS L Jvin fo/th*"f *"* ^'^^' ^ ^^^^ ^^ ~ 
 rage yieia 18 given for the two years. The varieties 
 
I 
 
 6 
 
 ^wn in 1889 were «>wn on April 16th and those of 1890 on April 
 
 Oheyno 
 
 Chevalier 
 
 Mandsohuri 
 
 Oderbrucher 
 
 Bmprets 
 
 £«rly BlMk 
 
 Scotch Improved . 
 Selected Chevalier 
 
 Common 
 
 Oolden Drop 
 
 Lb. of Tone 
 g«in "' 
 per •*™'^ 
 
 ' acre. 
 
 Germany. 48.6 
 France .. 47.6 
 Growed.JRuMia ...I 47.8 
 «rowed. Germany. I 46.8 
 2-rowed. England .| 45.4 
 
 tt-rowed. 
 6- rowed. 
 2-rowed. 
 6-rowed. 
 
 France 
 Ontario . 
 Fngland 
 Ontario 
 
 |2-rowed. Germany, 
 
 44.8 
 44.4 
 43.0 
 41.7 
 41.4 
 
 In addition to these, the following varieties went ov^ in k TT 
 per acre, viz.: Halletfs Pedigree (GermanlT PkLT /^ **""*'^^" 
 
 -eight for the o^p of 1890 ™M fclTJ'? "rf'.^ "'"'''» 
 .«r .0 have done „,„„h better in A^^eH^iJ^""""" ^'^■ 
 
 yield, in 1890. T^^Zf^Z'll^^^l^^'^ «»™ ""e higheet 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Country Bush, n*'' .''^ 
 
 whence 
 obtained, 
 
 Herison Bearded 
 
 White Fyfe 
 
 Bart Trimenia. ,, 
 White Russian.., 
 
 J'wiFern I Ontario . 
 
 a — "-JiiiTiuui vTcnnany. 
 
 Holben'o Improved! Germany. 
 
 France . 
 Ontario. 
 Greece . 
 Ontario.. 
 
 per 
 acre. 
 
 27.2 
 26.9 
 26.3 
 22.1 
 21.9 
 2i.a 
 20.4 
 
 i grain 
 
 per 
 
 bush 
 
 64 
 
 60 
 
 64 
 
 57i 
 
 60 
 
 Tons 
 
 of 
 
 straw 
 
 per 
 
 acre. 
 
 Riut 
 tendency. 
 
 68^ 
 
 The Herison Bearded has been tested for 
 year ahead of all the foreign varieties and 
 
 .90 
 .89 
 .06 
 91 
 76 
 90 
 70 
 
 Very slight.. 
 Considerable, 
 Very slight. . 
 Considerable. 
 
 Slight 
 
 Very slight.. 
 &fedium 
 
 two years, and was last 
 also of all the Canadian 
 
 foi 
 nei 
 
 vai 
 
II 
 
 vurietiei except the Wild Ooom T* j- - « • i 
 
 •J-f r P -» -d U almost en^iy free fro^r'^t. "¥? TTf' 
 ■hort but compact, and ia beardflH • *ul u «° ."• . "''® **«*^ ^» 
 rather .mall but Dlumn ^A ; ' i '*'5* " '^^ *°** '»>« ^rry i« 
 
 thoughagooV/idlel^^wlh^we'i/lher''''' ^"^^ ^u"'"''"-' 
 
 P.A8K.--Th; informatirViven in t^e thirdTh/'' '*"? ^'^y* 
 
 five varieties of peaie which irave tL h,„l . , . **^l® "''•'«■ *<> 
 
 were wwn April 24th * ^^^"^ ^''''^" ^° ^®^<^- They 
 
 Sweet Jewie .... 
 Early Racehorae. 
 
 Mummy 
 
 Early Britain. 
 
 Country 
 
 whence 
 
 obtained. 
 
 England 
 England 
 Ontario.. 
 England 
 
 Tom 
 
 of Date of 
 
 iitraw matur' 
 
 per ing, 
 
 acre, 
 
 White Woni l., |N.wZ»l.nd 
 
 1890. The .vVrwe Ji^l J. li *' '.'" 'u*''"' ^'•'''" *"• '889 and 
 
 Variety. 
 
 Country 
 
 whence 
 
 obtained, 
 
 Goanette Black Prance. 
 
 Houdan Black France., 
 
 ^«°»*"«« I France.. 
 
 Oderbrucher 
 
 Danebrog 
 
 Siberian 
 
 Black Etaropea. . 
 
 Probeteier I Germany 
 
 Pringle'sProgreas.. .. | Ontario. . 
 Improved Besthorne. . . | Germany. 
 
 Germany.! 66.6 
 Germany.) 64.0 
 France, 
 France. 
 
 V.H.U. given i„ «., i^^"Tj\jtziT'i^::^^:t 
 
 31 
 
■ ■ "i !f>'' " ' j ■■ w w ' -wmia i n'i 
 
 average yield of tLe ten poorest wm 27.8 bnsheli, that ia, the ten 
 Mod vanetiet yielded 230 per cent, more than the ten poor onea. 
 It ii also worthy of note that these good varieties all possessed the 
 spreading head. The tendenov to rust is slight in the first, third 
 fourth, fifth, seventh and ninth, considerable in the tenth and slight 
 to medium in the rest. The color of grain in the first and second is 
 pale black, the third and seventh black, the tenth yellow, and in 
 the others white. 
 
 The Goanette Black, Houdan Black, Ohenailles and Black Etampea 
 are very much alike in all essential characteristics. The straw is 
 strong and of medium height, or a little less. It stands exception- 
 ally well, is not coarse and is almost entirely free from rust. They 
 are somewhat inclined to shell easily when ripe, as is often the caM 
 with valuable grainii. They also yield well and weigh well, and 
 have a small percentage of hull as compared with the kernel. 
 
 AviRAOK TiBLDS OF Barlbyb.— The average yields of barleys 
 grown from seed obtained in the five countries named are as follows : 
 
 Country. 
 
 No. of varieties. 
 
 Bush, per acre. 
 
 Qemuuiy 
 
 EngUnd 
 
 France 
 
 17 
 U 
 
 7 
 4 
 4 
 
 86.6 
 42.2 
 87.6 
 88.2 
 88.6 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Sweden 
 
 
 AvBRAOB YiBLDB OF Oats.— The average yields of oats grown 
 from seed obtuned in the seven countries named in the table are as 
 follows : 
 
 Country. 
 
 No. of varieties. 
 
 Ontario . 
 
 France.. 
 
 Geraoany 
 
 Sootland 
 
 England 
 
 i^ouda .. 
 
 Aoatralia 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 Boah. per acre. 
 
 44.8 
 47.8 
 18.0 
 41.8 
 41.8 
 42.7 
 82.6 
 
 Two-BowpD AND Siz-RowiD Bablbtb.— The next table gives 
 information regarding the 64 varietioB of barley grown with and 
 
 It 
 a 
 
 g 
 
 tl 
 t( 
 
vitl.out htills ns to yiel.l, weight of ^min ,K3r l.uHh^I and the «ue 
 of the grainn. 
 
 Charaett^r i>f , With or with- 
 
 h»,'ad 
 
 out htilU. 
 
 oix-riiwed., < I 
 
 < I Without IkiIIm 
 
 T...-. , ( With hulU ... 
 
 I j Without hull- 
 
 No. of 
 varictiea. 
 
 Ihmh. 
 I*r 1 
 
 
 
 87.46 
 
 6 1 
 
 81.00 
 
 80 
 
 87.81 
 
 1 
 
 21. JK) 
 
 lil). IKT 
 bu»li. 
 
 — -,,--.. 
 
 fii.2i 
 
 01.80 
 
 61.87 
 
 03 00 
 
 No. of 
 fri-nins' 
 
 773 
 848 
 
 m> 
 
 478 
 
 It should he hoiu.; ii.n.iiul (1) that the average yields obtained 
 in growing these orams is more than the average is likely to prove 
 m the country generally, for they we.e «1| grown under very favor- 
 m! I'T. '""' ' ^'^ "r' ''"V'r ""'^''^^ ''•-" notlikely to he realised 
 
 thi, bulletin will be va uable nuunly in localities with soil and climatic 
 conditions similar to those he,... The .soil where these plots were 
 grown n.ftj' be termed a mild clay loam, ooutuiniMg a considerable 
 quantity of hun.us, and ,t is son>ewhat low in aspect. The average 
 mean temperature for the past four years for the five n.ouths com- 
 mencing with May let ha.s been 61.43" F. 
 
 Conclusions. 
 
 ments which have been summarised above • 
 
 1. It is highly probable that some of the foreign varieties of barley 
 named m the table will be found to give higher yields tha^ttSe 
 
 ally h'rVred'""^ '" ''"'"'^^ "'"^ '''''' '^^^ '^«^"^« '"^^ ««"- 
 
 2. It is probable that in some localities the Heiison Bearded spring 
 wheat will be found to be an improvement on many of the varieties 
 that are now giOAn. ' 
 
 'JiJ?'''" P'^'^'f'. 1"^''='^^°"'' ^''''"'^ "P«" <^»»e trial given in the 
 
 i« 1 Itr^ "P * *"*^ •"" * ^^!^'' '"*'" °" *^''' ^*""' the Mummy pea 
 
 io b?lhl T"// ^;'"!;'""^ ""''^''^ ^'^^''^y- «'t''«"8»' the straw is 
 not highly valued for feeding I'urposes owini. to it« .navp. k.k;. ..* 
 growth. * ^ . - — .-. ... 
 
 fl,«'wnl!5* ^wT rl^*'^^\°*' ^r^"''' °**^«' ^»^' the Goanetce Black, 
 InlfrZ f ^t ^^^ ^^'"'^^^^'^ «"d the Black Etampes, are Hkei; 
 to prove of much value to the farmers of this province, as they 
 
10 
 
 possess in common and in a marked dejfree nearly all the most valu- 
 able characteristics of oats. Their color will however discount 
 thena in the estimation of the oatmeal millers. The behavior of 
 the Oderbrucher, also a white variety from Germany, has been such 
 as to entitle it to the favorable consideration of the farmers It 
 iias been mout favorably recommended by the oatmeal millers. 
 
 5. Judging from the experience of the past two years the Enirlish 
 barleys give on the whole the best results, but some fine growing 
 and yielding varieties come from Germany and France. In reference 
 to oats, the French varieties should be placed first, all things con- 
 sidered, although some kinds from Germany do nearly as well 
 
 6. The average yields obtained from the two-rowed and six-rowed 
 yaneties of barley are not far diflTerent, nor is there much difference 
 m the average weights of the two classes. 
 
 7. The average returns from the foreign varieties are in a majority 
 ot instances superior to those from the old standard varieties.