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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmfo A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est f ilm6 d partir de Tangle sup^rieur g<3uche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 TRYING HIS LUCK. .?'Vfei,h;.V' *nj* : i; s THK £D STATEB ^U'itiv ■fiCCS. •m AwriioK. * • ^M" %'S# -'i T»riNC HIS IVtiK, m ADVENTURES INTHB WILDS OF THE UNITED STATES Attn \tih\ %mtmm '^ts'skm. BY CHARLES LANMAN, AUTHOR OF "BdBATri FOH SUMMER HOURM," "PRIVATE LIFE OF DA8IEL WEBSTER," ETU., ETC. IIiLUBTBATED BT THB AUTHOB AND OSOAB BBBSAV. ■TTIthont regUMrlog tbex tbingi bj tbe pen they will ilide away anprofltably."— Owen Felltium, WITH AN APPENDIX BY LIEUT. CAMPBELL HARDY. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. L PHILADELPHIA: JOHN W. MOORE, No. 195 CHESTNUT STREET. • 1856. Euterod according to act of CongrosH, In tBe year 1836, by JOHN W. MOOUE, in the Clerk's Office of the DiHtrlct Court of the United States' for the Eastern District of Pounsylvauia. n. B. ASHMEAD, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, 0E0R(1E riTBBET ABOVE ELEVENTH. PREFACE. This work is composed of materials which I have gathered within the last ten years, while performing occasional Tours into almost every nook and corner of the United States, and the neighboring British Provinces. It comprehends ample descrip'Jons of the Valleys of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence rivers, with the Basin of the Great Lakes, the entire Mountain-Land overlooking our Atlantic seaboard, and the Alluvial Region bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. It is indeed a kind of Cyclopedia of American Scenery and Personal Ad- venture, and of Traveling Incidents, calculated to exhibit the man- ners and customs of our people, and interest the lovers of Natural Histoiy and the various' Arts of Sporting. The several parts of the work, as they at present appear, wer( origi- nally published in the journals and periodicals of the day, and sub- sequently in as many small volumes, which were all very kindly received by the public, both in this country and England. My chief channel of communication, however, as a Tourist, has been the Natiokal Intdllijcnccr ; but I have also written occasionally for the New Yorh Observer, the New York Express, the Southern Literary Messenger, and Bentley's Magazine. Among those who have been my friends, and given me advice, and whose kindly offices I have acknowledged in brief Dedicatory Epistleg, now thrown aside, are Messrs. Gales & Seaton, Hon. George P. Marsh, Professor Joseph Henry, William C. Bryant, Esq., Hon. John F. Crampton, and iv PREFACE. Wnsliington Irving, Esq. I mention tlicso eovcrnl names with frido and thankfulness, and can only hope that the unpretending literary career of their sonietimo pupil, will reflect no discredit upon their tcachihj^H. With regard to Mr. Irvin>r, I would say that his delightful writings were the first to animate me with a natural, though in my 0080 a daring spirit of emulation, but ns I have, in the following letters, his sanction for my folly, I am ((uito contented. The first had reference to my traveling essays, os they wcro»appearing at inter- vals, and the second was in answer to a petition for advice on the pro- priety of the present publication. Sunny Side. My Dear Sir : — I would not reply to your very obliging letter of September 10th, until I had time to read the volumes which accom- panied it. This, from the pressure of various engagements, I have but just been able to do; and I now return you thanks for the delightful entertainment which your summer rambles have afforded me. I do not sec that I have any literary advice to give you, excepting to keep on as you have begun. You seem to have the happy, enjoyable humor of old Izaak Walton. I anticipate great success, therefore, in your Essays on our American Fishes, and on Anjiling, which I trust will give us still further scenes and adven- tures on our great internal waters, depicted with the freshness and graphic skill of your present volumes. lu fact, the adventurous life of the angler, amidst our wild scenery, on our vast lakes and rivers, must furnish a striking contrast to the quiet loltcrings of the English angler along the Trent or Dove; with country milk-maids to sing madrigals to him, and a snug, decent country inn at night, where he may sleep in sheets that have been laid in lavender. With best wishes for your success, I am, my dear sir, Very truly, your obliged WASHINGTON IRVING. 'Sir PREFACE. y Sunny S;de. My Dear Sir : — I am glad- to learn that you intend to publish your narrative and descriptive writings in a collected form. I have read parta of them as they were published ecparatoly, and the great pleasure derived from the perusal makes mo desirous of having the whole in my possession. They carry us into the fastnesses of our mountains, the depths of our forests, the watery wilderness of our lakes and rivers, giving us pictures of savage life and savngo tribes, Indian legends, fishing and hunting anecdotes, the adventures of trappers and backwoodsmen; our whole arcanum, in short, of indi- genous poetry and romance : to use a favorite phrase of the old dis- coverers, " they lay open the secrets of the country to us." I cannot but believe your work will be well received, and meet with the wide circulation which it assuredly merits. With best wishes for your success, I remain, my dear sir. Yours, very truly, WASHINGTON IRVING. But another of the " Literary Fathers," who has honored me with his friendly advice, is the Hon. Edward Everett, and, as I have his permission for doing so, I trust my readers will excuse me for print- ing the following lettei- r Washington, February 19th, 1853. Dear Sir : — I am much obliged to you for the copy of the English edition of your life of Mr. Webster, kindly ^nt with your note of yesterday. I fully concur with the opinions expressed by Mr. Irving, on the subject of a collective edition of your narrative aid descriptive writ- ings. Having, during nearly all the time since they began to appear, been engaged in official duties, which have left me but little time for VI PREFACE. general rcuilin^, T am not fauiiliur with all of them; bnt from what I huvo read of tlicni, and from Mr. Trving'8 oniphutio and discriminat- ing commendation, I am confident tho scries would bo welcomed by u largo clasH of readers. You have explored nooks in our scenery seldom visited ; and described forms of life and manners of which the greater pprliou of our buHy population are entirely ignorant. Topics of this kind, thouf^h briefly sketelied, are, or at least ought to bo, in this country, of fur greater interest than tho attempted descriptions of fashionable life in Europe, which form the staple of those trashy works of fiction constantly poured in upon us from abroad. Wishing you much success in your proposed undertaking, I remain, Very truly yours, EDWARD EVEllETT. As to tho concluding division of this work, it is proper that I should make an explanatory remark. It was intended as a kind of Sequel to the preceding Sketches, and consists of after records, tho majority of which might have been printed in tho shape of letters, when tho notes for them were first collected, but were published in the National IntcUt'i/cnccr as Editorial Essays, whereby the frequent use of the pronoun we is accounted for. The essays on tho Game Fish of tho country were written at various periods of my angling expe- rience, so that the reader will occasionally find in tho body of the work more full accounts of the fishing streams and their scenery than in the sequel ; while those who feel an interest in tho Legendary Lore of the Aborigines, are referred to the additional collection at tho end of the work. I also deem it proper to mention in this place, that tho first part %vas written in 1846, tho second in 1847, the third in 1848, the fourth in 1851, the fifth in 1853, the sixth in 1863 and 1854, and the seventh from 184G to 1850. And now, on glancing over the pages of my manuscript, I am re- PRBFAOB. ▼u niindod of tho many kind and aj^rooublo people, by whom I have bcvn outcrtainod in my manifold journeys, or with whom I have sported in tho lonely wildcrnosa, and to all of thorn would I send n wiuh for their prosperity und happiness. From thoui, and from Nature, have I gathered tho staple of thiii work, and the sceret of my huccosh thus far, I fancy to be, that I have always written from impulse, with an honest intention, and in the hope of securing the upprobatiun of those only whoso hearts beat in sympathy with my own. One word more. Should some of tho earlier passages of my present * publieatioQ appear, to the matured reader, to bo somewhat too fanciful in idea or expression, ho will please remember that it is not manly always to oondomu the follies of youth ; — and I must add the con< fession, that I would rather bo wrong with tho warm-hearted lover of nature, than to be right with the cold-blooded critic. Gmryctown, D, C, Summer of 18D0. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. |l Bmmtx k % iniltaess: VME. SAINT LOUIS, 1 THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ...... 7 LEGEND OF THE ILLINOIS, 12 NAUVOO, 15 PRAIRIE DU OHIEN, ....... 19 THE LEAD REGION, - . - - - - - 25 THE ALPINE REGION, 29 RED WIN