.ST. €# v^J^ ▼- ^o^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 110 "^" 1.1 If I4£ ■yuu II 2.5 iS. . t . 1-25 1 1.4 ||||||.6 ^ *// .. V] V /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M580 (716)873-4503 ^ \ SJ \\ «- '<^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibiiographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou peliiculie I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur D D D D D Ef The G tothi L'Institut a microfilm^ le meiileur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la miiihode normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Coloured ink (I.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relii avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais. lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6tA filmtes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentaires: This copy Is a photoreproductlon. Showthrough/ Transparence □ r7[ Quality of print varies/ uiJ Quality in6gale de I'impression Thei possi of thi filmii Origi bagir theii sion, othei first I sion, or ilfi D D D Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible The I shall TINl whic Map) diffe entir begii right requ met^ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obsrurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc., ont 6t^ fiim^es d c^ouveau de faqon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fiimA au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X \/ 12X 16X , 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here hae been reproduced thanke to the generoaity of: Metropolitan Toronto Library Canadian Hittory Department The imagea appearing here are the beat quality poaaibie conaidering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract apecif icationa. L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la gin^roait* da: Metropolitan Toronto Library Canadian History Department Lea imagea auivantea ont AtA reproduitea avec ie plua grand aoin. compta tenu de la condition at da la nettetA de rexemplaire film*, et en conformity avec lea conditiona du contrat de filmage. Original copiea in printed paper covera are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the laat page with a printed or iiiuatrated imprea- aion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copiea are filmed beginning on the firat page with a printed or iiiuatrated imprea- aion, and ending on the laat page with a printed or iiiuatrated impreaaion. Lea axemplairea originiux dont la couverture en papier eat imprimAe aont filmte en commenfant par la premier plat et en terminant aoit par la derniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreaaion ou d'iiluatratlon, aoit par ie aecond plat, aeion Ie caa. Toua lea autrea axemplairea originaux aont filmfo en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreaaion ou d'iiluatratlon et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche ahail contain the aymboi — ^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the aymboi V (meaning "END"), whichever appliea. Un dea aymboiea auivanta apparaftra aur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, aeion ie caa: la aymbole — ► aignifie "A SUIVRE", Ie aymboie Y aignifie "FIN". Mapa, piatea, charta, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama illuatrate the method: Lea cartea, pianchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre film6a A dea taux de reduction diff Arenta. Loraque ie document eat trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un aeul ciichA, il eat film* A partir de Tangle aupAriaur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en baa, en prenant la nombre d'imagea nAceaaaire. Lea diagrammea auivanta iiluatrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .. ^ ' ' -^.f /'£ A GUIDE lOR EMIGRANTS FROM Tilt BRITISH SHORES T(» THK WOODS OF CANADA. BY GKORGE ARUNDEL HILL DUBLIN : UICHARD MOORE TIMS, 85, ORATON STR£BT, MDCCCZXJav. 'in. --ii. INTHODUCTION. TiiK I'ollowiiig pa{j:('H were wriftm with a view to service Ut those who may (Ictcrmiiie t«» h-ave their native (;ountry, ami week n more secure, or more comfortable liome, in the Woods of (,'aiiathi. If tfic informatiou tliey contain be cousidereil deficient or ill-ehosen, it iw at least correct, aH far as it goc« ; and I too w(?ll remember the plea8urc with which I should myself have [Mirused any work relating to Canada, not to hope that tlie pur- chascr of my litthj l)ook will read it with some interest, and, I sincerely trust, with some advan- tat^e. Newcastle Distrtctt Upper CtuMffa. < tlll> lull iiH iiifi ttii th(j UMIl \vt*l kin iiit boi ino uf '^ thii hm roi hw ■u tii'iiti: KOII EMKiilANTS, t».t'. «\r. niAFTKIl I. TIIK VUVAUK. Os SiiiHliiy, Nt of May, IH;M, \sv \vfi Liiiicritrk in llif hriji: AifiM'tH, ('M|itaiii D. Guniiaii. Tlien* were ruthor iiiort' than J*K) koiiU oil IxnirJ, all of wliom urrivctl ill <^hirlii'r, (•xif|it nil '* ulil woman of oiglity" ami mi iiiiuiit. I'rcviuiiH to lainling, tint |iai«M'nf(«>r« drew ij|i ;in H a ^ood •eanian, and uin t'onfidcnt of lii» lieing a good and kind-lii*art4>d man : one who will not only feel a warm interest in the nafety and comfort of every peraon on board bin »hip, but wbo will take tlie be»t and tnrett moan* to secure both. I tliall only add, that if 1 knew of any of my friends in Ireland wlio were coming orrr to Canada, 1 would say to them, " Eudoavour ta aaosre a paaMgc with Dan Gorman.'* It would an«w«r little |iurpoa«, bMide that of awalUng this volume, to detail tho incidents of our roj9m9. Wo bad, I believe, the usual quantam of soa-siMMMir— rooffh and fair weather, — with a conpio of iso ood hooir(*d on ** the bankd.** There is, bowerer, on* drcunstaaeo wUeh I anMl pass orer; it will afford tkt intomporato a Mtlbl, IIumIi aa awful warning, and to arary om aa laalnMliv* in- sUnoo of tha weaknaai of human natart. A VMif our |.a«H«Mi','rrH wa* n Mr. C— -. lie wan a native of In- l.ini. liil hail ^|>oiit iiiuity yoiirn in Aim-iira, fVoiii wliidi III' I'Utl ijiiiii' rrtfiitly univtMl, hikI «va<« mom* returning wiili t!tf inttiitiiMi ol' iH\cr asfaiii vi^itiii^ !>>•> fiativv IiimI. I lifrantr a* «|iiaiiitiMl wiili liini in Liniorirk a hliiM'l tiiiM' ImIdic Mi'ojiUii. uiitl having; {*iiiy. I ronccivi'il liini lo lit* a |N*Hr.tU* man. I>iiriri^ i\n* cnliro voy.i:;^ ndtliin^ |>u«s ilii^ iiiiiifc^siun, ait«l It \va« ^lill fur- iJh r (MtifiniK li Ky li:> >tritin^ an aii«liil::iii); in the iim' ot' ••piritnous li<|iior\«>niii^ I did the t>ani(* nu>eif, and had «.ted iiie, in that thiek, nn- <*tea<'y toiu', wliith toM t(M» plainly that hit praetiee hud l»e«:t tadly at variance with hio priMrliinxiNTtini'' that iIm> |{ir!u>lieu Steanwr wunid take on h'lani in the nHiriunt; xneli of th" paN>eii^er> n* proposed i^tiintr op to Montreal, we relurned to the A^nets hefore daik. and there I di^rox'teil that the itdatniited (' had hrontthl with him into the vi's^d a riopply of hranni Mit ot' our eontinnin;^ feiio\t-iiav«'llei><, he wu!k n«)t one moment |H*rtet-tly Mdicr. Wv !ieparatev hirdo ! Perhaps the reader will think that I liavc aetain(*(l liiin t(M> lon^ with an ane«-dote forei<(n to the huhjoet on will* li he wimhe.4 for information ; hut let him hear with me m nionient l(Mij;;er. while I a«!>nr;> him, that in^tanreK ol perMonx, who had heen highly re !»pi ctahle in Cb«>ir native 4'onntry, hut who, on eoming to Canad.% have «unk down in the pool of intemperance to mingle with the very dregu of mankind, are sadly numerous. I have now brought my reader to the end of our rt« of li<- ■ftiirning !•« iiativv in('ri< k u i| (iiic«' or Hi ill fur- %liich lu- lilt lior in II fortify IX uhirii |»iritiiou<< I HIM sifter IKit tit {XM >i*lf, and r ( lick, nn- «-tiit> lu li('n<, hi* «>{Kiret<'<>ar witli inotaDCOK in tb«>ir ii.% hnv** f!^lc witli of our vo]ri|i^e, «nd in place of endi'avotiring to cntf rtnin hiiu with m d««cri|ilion of Quv^Nfc, or its vnind and l»e«utiful acen«ry« of which he hm prvbahl y alrvady read a bftt«r than mine would be, I »hall conclude thi« chapter with •uch practical oth-ice and observation* ur* I conotrivu may po«»ibly be of Mervice to him. The qmmtiuu which seems most important to tlir preuarini^ Kmigrant is, " What articles oof^ht I lake witn me to America ?** I would recommend a stock of n'ady«niad« clothes, sufficient for two or three years. Round jackets of strong thick cloth s4M>ni best adaotod for general wear during the winter m'uhou, by those wh(» exp<*ct to In) themselves actively employed. Cloth breeches I prefer to trowsers ; and in place of putting on luallier boot a, or strong hhoes, I advi»e a |»Mir of tlu* latter made very slight, and to draw over llieni strong wiNilltMi ittorliiiiffs, either Am// expressly for tlu* purpose, or nia«le uf very «l, your ft't» will, however, l»e advi)»able, u.« the cloth hose are not tlie iM>i to lie n»ed during a thaw. I'leuty of warm woollen •it(N kin^s wiil be an ac<|ui»ition. If von are so fortunate •AS to po!<>M'!>s a feather bed or two, oring them enclosed ouch ill a htroiig canvass case, juet large enough to bold one ti(k with it^ iNnlding. Articl(>s of earthen ware are dear enough in this country, lint, from the risk uf breakage and other coii«ideration», 1 would suggest that you make h present uf your crockery to your friende, tliat tlii'y may think of you now and then, unless the quantity be very small iiide«'d. (ilass is much cheaper than in Ireland. For the rest I have only to say, that I ciuisiiler the l>er>t rule you can be guided by is, to bring an ample $iiipply of every thing really portable, such as threads, ta|*e^, \t'ui*, and neetllcn, M(c., fur I take it for granted you are a family man ; hinges for doors ami windows, wood ni-rewh, rarpentcn*' t<»ols (for you must lie a handy man also), sihIi as plaue-irons, saws, chisels, and gimblets. You will aUo niid an adze and draw- knife very useful tools. AlMive all things bring with you a small medicine <-h(>»t, and a gmid family medical «vork. There iire two tliingt which a person shonld keep in viow when teirrtinfr «*»««« nrtitle* whitli lio withe* to bring with him to tt(>r ; ami thitt not %o nni»h fniin the i'xpen«e of hrinf^infr thont alonf^, whi>n h»» ««»mnien«c« iiilHnd trllV(•ilill^, as from lh«> Utunv* he i* iiuhh* to, from havinf?. when h«> rcniuvt^H tVoni one iHNit or wagf^on to iuiother, too many iNixe*, Htc. to look aft«*r. and from the inrreiUMMl troiihle and anxiety t«» whith he would bl- ot her wi*e *ubj«i« nt hi» final de»limition, h«' haM got with him many thing* Mliiilt are immediately ufteful and nere««sary, and wliirh the hurry of tmvelling, and perhaps the short ittuy wliiili he made in tlie fron- tier towii>, would have prevent«>d cither lii< thinking of, or iJlowed no time for their punhane. Kmigrants determineil to settle in Moutreal, «>r its viriuity, may hriug with them a* murh l»Mggage:iiithey plua»e, hut «urh |H>rKons will alway* l>e few, eompare*! to the vast nia^s who will pre»« on to the interior of the country. 1 rei-ommend the latter to hear in mind, that though they can ^eareely estuldiAh themselves in a »pot »o distant from souie *hoi) or store, as to pn'ilude the opportunity of iK'ing supplied with whatever they may want, otill they will find the price of every thing increaMC in a wonderful proportion, a* they get further froio the frontier town*. On the •uhj«^ct of «e«-store I i-an have little to nay. Why should I interfere with iN'oplc'ii pretii lection* for QfttahlfNi and drinkable* ? So bring with you whatever yoD judge you will like beat ; but reinemhitr one thing, that if your passage be itot uninually quii-k, the ship's water will begin to changv materially fur the worse, before it is over, and that a glass of liottlvd ale, or |»orter, or cider, I care not which, will then prove an agreeable siibstitute. Should you have young children, they will be apt to fnt>w tired of hard biscuit, and if you procure some loures of bread that have lieen carefully domhie-bahti, 1 will answer fur its remaining perfectly fit for use for at 1«mC three weeks. You might also wish to have some withm to lio ffiiMUUr number of rh fniin the riimnicttreii il«* to, frum M^M^f(ly trnvelliiif^, n till' troll- i« tliinkinfi fttl, or itH B^cait thvy «'uiii|>are4l iiitiTuir of ir ill mind, mtwlvcA ill :o |inH'liidf t«'V«»r tlioy rvry tiling ;<*t t'urthi'f ttle to Miy. MTtionti for 1 wliateror one thin^, the nliip'M the worse, h1 ale, or A prove an I be apt to L'ure Mitne UM» for at baTo loine milk for the young om*4, ereii thouirh you cared littlt* tor it yoiirwlf. \V»'II then, procure as many perfectly clwui Mild nwfft hottlen an you pleatte; HII them willi milk warm from the cow, and alter bcin^ Htop|)ed with iIm* hcKt de«rri|»tioii of cork*, MTiirv the latter with iitronf( twine. Next place m little Ntruw in the IniIIoiu of a laryre Imiler, and put in a layer of liotth'M, then iiion* •traw, and then more bottlen a^^ain, until yon have at many in aM will remain covered when the veiiMel i^ filKnl with water. An i»oon a« the latter lioiitt, remove tin* fire, lr:uiii(( the liottles in until the water hat liecome cr, ;.ii(l will roiilMiiio owcct until you call ^cl a Irenh •^iiiiitly at llii^ »idc' of the* Atlaiitit. niAPTIlR II. lu our la«t chapter we had arrivi'd ai Qui'ltor, ami a)» I ]>u *uiiM> you feel U!> littii* di«|»)i%«M| a^ III} M>lf t4» wa^ii « id.iT yoiirtiiiit'oriiioiifyiiitliat (ivcrM-rowdcd and uhiu . it.'i:.-liMil\iiif^ town, wc •liall eiuh'ivoiir to ^W on l«t Moiitrtal, |H0 mile^ up tlie St. Lawruiice. Yoti w;il ot « tcani*hoat, of which there are to- \rnil. Ml that it yuu iiiiitft one to-day ytiii may be almost !«uii! Ill' ou«> to-inurruw, and will probahly find it tin; Im««i plan to remain until then on hoard your Vtf«McL Tlic /u,/iitn», Captain .Moren, was the one we jwddled in, iwmI «// jMhsmnU I iuumI not omit that Montieur le C'a|»ii.iiiic' made me pay . 3d. passage money for an inliutt not three months old, tliou|;ii I had conceived <»ur ugitM'iiiriit wa" quite to the contrary. We had left Qitclicc oil \\'(>diie!iday. 8th of June, at Vl o'clwk ut noun, aud arrivetl ut Montreal at '2 o'clo4'k on Friday moriiiut;. 1 a«ked Miueii, the eveiiin)^ lM>fure, what Wtt« tiie latext hour that he wiNild name fur my leaviii{( the iiirhJicu, ati I understood he was to start back for t^ut-i'don Friday, lie Mid I could remaii* on board willi my thiiiKH at all events till eleven o'clock, which would give me ample time for pro<*uring private lod^- iiigM. 1 went into Montreal fur tliatpui|NHe aw soon as I exp('«te«l to find the giMid citixens stirring: hut having met 4-uii»ideruhle diflicuily in making out hidgiiigs from the then crowded state ut' the town, it was about liim- 10 iK'turc I rrtiiriKMl to tlic M«»aiii(>r. Yati inny jiitl^t* what Willi liii'ii my aNtoiii«tliiii<*iil to riiiil tlial my " 4i«*«r t«>il«iw" limi l»f«Mi till' tilt) lu«t liuiir i*y |ir( «<«in^ lt«T to l<'av<* tlit* v«'«m(>|, ti'llin^ Iter that otli«iui««> olit* woulil Im* tarriiMl !i;u-l\ to (^ii(*Imm-, .10 h«' i-oiilil not |Mi^iiiily wHit tor my H'tiirii. I toiiiid alto lliiit. Iiy lii<« onloiH, the ^rL*at<*r part of my tliin|^» ikail Ix'i'ii |Mit aoliorc, ami it wa<« t'ortimalt' lliiit I wan altlf lo n'tiini »o «ooii, a» our Kmh rroiii liavitif^ our tliiui^x Iviii^foii a (roW(ltfrini\i)| uitli tlioiM? t»r tniiiiiriMN ol oili«>r«>, ami almost milooktMl iiftcr, in \tUuv ot hnii:.', an it was trifling:, hoiiIiI lia\o Ik'oii |ii-u)»al»lv VI IV MTtoiu. TliO talMii tiin* wa» i'l. .'>s. tor tmi'li iiifiili. — 7*. timc«» lumli into tlit* bargain, lH>f»iilti tlie ailvaiita^c of a pretty coiiifurtaliU' t-uliliy- liuuHt> to ^l«'l•|> iii; ami y«»u ari- tu umlvnitaml thai thi» i<« the routine of all tliv Mtoam^lMiaU along tliv lino. CIIAPTKIl III. Well, now that wv art* at Muntroal, tli« important i|m*«itiun i!«>^Wh«M'e next? Fur »nrvly you will not stop lu're or in itt* iieighlMiurhood. In thu tiiMt place, they say it i« ntiurli coldiT here in winter than in the ITpiior Firovim'e; and in the MHtind plat'i', ;t>u 4*an have little huiiineii!* hero, or at lea»t, littlo MitiHfartion unlcM you ran tpi'ak had Kremtli. Bvaiden, it you happon jw:t to be a Koi'naii Catholic, there arittv^ another ininit •eriou* objection. l*op«*ry i» the dominunt cre<'d, aad Spain herself doen not, I believe, contain a more nu- merous or bigoted prieslhotr'l-— a more forniidabie ni»> chinery of monk* and friara, or a more ignorant and prieMt>ridl, ti'tling I toiitid iiy tliinf^v iiut i wa* living our itti tllOHV #t'ti'r, ill n\ii lit>uii I. .'»s. fur iif^vrt f(ft f bargiiiii, «• i'ul)hy> tliat thii. line. mportAiit %%ill nut Mt plai-c, III! ill thr call hiive III iinlcM lia|>p«ii ler iniNit vd, aiid lore liii- l»i« mm- ant and lout are mpl fur aa they ed tu a recon- rlietker lire any with iththis tine nly lu I wax iiiy«>i'U'; and a« ti lt:i|i{M ncd ••• rnu, imi it nniy to yon, that ooiiu* oii(> ot' y*iir laiiiily. tioin the t'ati^iii' ot Iravrliiiii;-- Iroiii ttu' «ii«l nani«*)>» ot flu* M. IK'r lit' Montreal, willi iIm* rxrcplion ot one, and I lirlii^ve as I can M«*nd yon to Hr. Martin, yon will havf imm.uim' tu ret^ret ny i«liort memory. It in |di*a<«ant to iu«*«.'t kindneft^ from a total !>tran^er, liui it i* Htill nnin* p'rutt** t'nl to havt) an o|»|»orrnnity ot ohrwin;^ that «ni;li kind- n*'*s \* not lor^oiicn; aii hundde a ih;:raii<'r. All tliii* tinn' the <|ne> tion wt* t'ommenrtMl uiir «'ha|i- ier with reniainM nnaii*«\ven'uint, yuu will take every iNT«Mion of aMkiiip thihx* yon cuiUe in Mintaet with, what direeliini ot tin* ronntry Mry jndgv it iM'iit ft»r a settler to go to. Now |»erlia|H not twj ul tliuiii will tif^ree aw to thi> favunred <«|Hit; llutiigh emh «rill Ih> Miire to have Mouiid reaxoiiN fur hiw |»artieular NeltM'tioii. And what d4M*« thin prove? Only that it ia aluuMt iniiNMwihle tu lake any din'etiun in the* buuiidleaa and iiii|)rovitif( 4oiintrv» wlivre yun will nut huvo eppur- tiinitiea of attaining the uhjnct yuu have in view. Voa have read ur heanl uf the hungry aaa plaeed exactly be- tween two ecjual huiidleM uf hay. While he waa gloat- iag un one with hi« right eye, the left wa» Hxed on the other; and the C4in»ef|nen4*e wa«, that the |H»ur felluw not only |»a*tHe«l the night Hupjierleiia in the very luidat of plenty, but got an incurable nquiiit into the bargain. Vor the world 1 would not inainuate tliat there ia any danger of your making an aa« of youraelf, but if you are looking fur informatiun to enable you tu decide the iiiii^tMiiot <'h>ar, or Sahnon>tr4Mit Lake, alMtut fifteen inileii iiorth-ea*>t of* Feterliorou|rh enters Rice Lake after a further rourae ol twenty milea. As we hare at |»retient a pretty lonf( way to trave', I shall iHiMtimne any further notice of Peterhorou^h until we shall hnTe arrived there, and have only said this mui'h about it to iNit you in ffouil humour with tho resting-place which 1 have selected fur you. CIIAPTKR IV. We have now to set oui ^'*r Presrott; but it may ht' pt'udent, liefore starting, «o enquire what modes of |>eHbriniiig the journey can be found. There is a regular stage which for £i will set you down there with a small allowance of luggage, the day after you leavi* Montreal. If expedition is an object, you can c<»a«-h it; and should vour luggage, as will pn^ oably hap|»cn, lie more than tho stage allowann*, get it taken to one of the forwarding ofices, of which there are sevenil : you will there get a receipt for the articles delivered, and they will be sent on by a bateau, or Durham boat at a chaq^e of 2s. 6d. imt cwt. In these said stages I have never travelled ; but even on a i^ood road I tiliould not iudge them to be the pleasantest ve- hicles in the world, and believe me the roads they do jog over are very far from good. Water travt'lling is the next resource: and here you have a choice lietween a bateau, an entirely o|»en boat, or a Durham boat, which has a kind of half-deck, un- der which luggage and mercluindiie are otowed, and where you may yourself find a welcAime slu'lter in ha«l weather. Thu fare in these to Prescott is tirom four to five shillings, and you must reckon on being about a week on board. Should the weather prove fine, you will by this rmite see a profusion of delightful scenery, and perhaps fona the most correct idea «)f what Canada is, and what man's industry can mak^ her — you will be borne along a magnificent ri?er— yoa will tee for nilet together ** a ned after uul moft licit run* ut fift««n it'e Lttk« e liitve al IMiHtiMine tail nave liout it to ) which I t may be mode* of I set you , thouuy III ohjtfct, \rill |tn^ ii-h thero 4; artideii ateau, or In these »n a fvood mtett ▼»• • they do here you fien boat, eck, oil' waif and er in hail u four Co ( about a ilia r4l, how mm-h wna to Ih* done, wli«>n the owner laid hi the first troi*. Well, what then? — he did endure, he did do, and liehohl the happy fruits of his induntry and |ieniever- ance. lie was in straitened, or at bef»t, unpromising circumstances in his native land, which probably did not aft'ord one acre which he muld pro|ierly call his own, and now, with every ap|N'arance of comfurt and inde|N>ndenre, he has at lon^t an hundriMl. What he has achieved, has been achieved by tens of thottsanda, and shall you des|iair? 4)b, no; your industry aad your persevemiioe will soon place you on a lerul, and the same God whose blessing gave his land its ii will not forget yours, unless it Ini your own fault. At differeut intervals, you pass pretty viUague* m vou are oocaaionally able to get on shore, while the boat is being drawn by oxen or horses up soma ci the many rapids that obstruct the navigation of the 8^ Lawrence. (Afitt a, J Your linrhan boat has got nili and a maat, which, when not in use, lies flat along the deck, but it sometimes happens that the wind will not allow these to be of any further usa duriuf tka pas s a ge than to serve as aa awning to keep off rain, or screen you fnim the sun. Should the mast* bowavar, happen to be rais6d» and should you oeoupy tkat part af the vessel under the half-deck, where the lowar aad af it sboidd be secured below, I ail vise you to look skarpb last the fellow who went down to naka it faaikMl Ml dona so in a proper manner. Daring mir coasting Toyage in the Oiian, vaiy avijr in the aMming of the day we expected ta rMoli ftaa eott, a pretty saMrt braeae tpniiig ua, the aalf aaa wbiek had blown from a lavaanbla pwit from we left Montreal. The Oaptab (Isr tito bmmi m II rity with a nvw ot' four men niiiJ a Iniv 'i» tliut digni- H*'i|, ) •r.'ivc iiriln-^ to niiof tliu maHf, and one of our tart. It ko ha|>|MMieil that be utuld not in a moment lay his haniU on the |iro|ier |»i«Me of timher whi« h wa« |ire|Mi'ed for the |mr|>ose, and hv Mihhtitnted the Hri>t hit «»t wood that ciime in hi« way. * For a liiiort time all went on chei^rily: our tlnm«y and heuvy-ladeu hark stemming the enrrent of the St. Law- rence at the rate of Hve kimtH an lumr; when a» we ran t4Mt (:lo<»e into nhore, the too of onr mast caught in tlw hraiu'heb of a lofty tree, which hent far over the river. The hit of wiHid whirli had heen ^o rareles^ly made um' itf, gave way, and in the twinklin«f of an eycS down (Vime ma»t and MiiU with a mottt alarming erakh. Through the mercy of Provideme im person was in* jured, thon^:h .Mr<>. II. eeil l>eing killed or uii<*erahly maiigleil, only hy having a moment iM'fore chan^ed her seat, and a >toiii.in and child were lying on deck imnu»- diately une \va poles, wheeled shout to post them- st'lves atfain at the stern, and go through the Mime fa- tiguing niano'uvre. Onte m- twice our hoat, with several others, was taken in tow hy a steanuT, and drawn along for short distancck. When you come to the rendezvous, and are lying to for the arrival of the bteumer, you will W glad hut (lignU Mie o( our • lyiMf(, to cil tluit b<* o|»i>r |H«Me V, ami he II lii« way. Iiiiiiiiy and ' St. Law- UN WU I'Hfl i^lit ill tiM' till' rivor. » lll.uk' UM' i'V tiiiivs liiitl ' iialuiv ot hll«>V«'ll U|i niaiiiirr ut 1^'. Tlu'v lit of till* iii^in^ llif I l»i>iii for- ami tlii*n ily a^aiiiiit all toiini, I U'ln, and ifly l»y tlu' 'aclic'il till* and after 1 1^1 tiieni- lUiuie fa- hvrn, wtth for ohort i, and an* ill fx* i^lad 15 to take tli« opportunity of stepping on shore ; but pray reiu<'nib«r that I now forewtni you not to ramble too far, M the gentry who rule and goTern on these voyage*, will care very little* when once ready for starting, whether you are on board or not, unl«>»«, in- deed, you have endeared yourself to them by the siae and flavour of your brandy bottle There was apoor emigrant named Walnh, who, with a largt* family, was going up in ont' of the Durham b«iats that was lasheil with ours to a steamer. We lay to at a kind of nuay, and while exiiectiiig every moment to »ee the paddies go round, a boy from a neifflihoiir- iiig liouHc brought down M»me milk to di^tpo^e of to the people oil iNiard the biiats. WaUh, ainoir^r otlier*, «te|)ped out to buy some; and paying for it in >iilver, the milk merchant want<*d one copper of the eliaiige. Wljile they were debating the point liow iIiIh niitrlity diH'rrcme was to Ito arranged, round went the puddles, and a cry of " step tm board" settled the ijiieition. Kvvry one had got in except poor WuUli. Me, too, iiii^tit eaiiily have done no, biit the fear of bciii;,' h ft Irt'liiml t>o lM>wildered him that he lont ilie nionxMitary •ip|Mirtunity, and it was not until his Intat had receded loo far from the quay to leave him any cliai ce of nsicli- iu^ lier, that he s(*eme4l disponed to make a de^iNTite e him in Konie tiuie after, niiiniiig like one distracted along the water'n edge, pro. bahly ill the vain hope that the steamer uouM h«' ^topped ill order to take him in. Fortnnakt ly he had only alMMit thirty miles to travel to reach Prr*>iolt, ami be re-united to (lis anxious and territie«l family. Kueli of the Durham boats is fnrniKlied with a metal 4tove, ill which you cau boil a kettle, ^c. but you will have to forage for firew(HNl a« you go aloiiur, which you can easily i\o, as there will occur many o|i|Nirlunitie<»of «>teppiiig on shore; but it will be the Ik iter plan to bring provisions ready dressed, so that you may have :.s little iK'casion fur their stove as po<>!>ible. ir» ClIAPTr.ll V. We lmv«' iiiiw, K'llou-.tnivcik'r, nrriviMl at l*ref<"Otl, wliiTf tiicrt* I ail be iitlU* to (ictuiii im. If yuii nro dc- U'rniiiu'd to |Mi!tli on until you roacli York ur Niii^arn, yuu will liiTo Hmi !>t<'ani-lioat<» to take you or till' otlitT. Tlii'V ^viil :iUo land you at intemifdiatt' plai-t's ^u«-ll att KiiitrMou, rulNiiirf^, Port IIoim*, At. Tlu'rt* ii aUo a »iiiall ct«'auu'r, thi' halhoui«i>, C'a|>tam MilU, wliitli IcavfH Prt>H«-ott I'vory day for Kiugnton ; utid if you |»ro|»oM> to Mop a wliilt* at tlt<' lattor tovrii, 1 rtH:oniiiit'iid you to trawl with faptain M. Cabin fnrv, Should you lia|i|H>u to U> a haif-|»My oAiror, or other- wit»c(Mititl«'d to a^^raiit of land from yrovoriuiinit, it will beiudiHiieniialtlctliat \ouiroto York. whi>r«' you willies* the Lieutenant (lovei iior's Secretary, and, if you i'hrefiented your |»M|»ei-!4 in rcferencf* to your elaiiiit will f^ive you full intonnafion about the routine that you muMt ffo tliruu^ii. before you fret an oAirial onler to the goverument aj^ent of the tou-nMliip in whieh yon pro- |N»iie taking Vioir prant. Thi^ latter funetinnury will •upply yon with the numbern of iievenil vacant lot*, iVMdi eontaiiiiii^ 2(MI arreM, in order that, alter |H*r«Minal inii>|HHiion, you may Meleet n* many friiii thc!*e whieh you prefer, n% will make up the qnantity of land to which you are entitled. He will then f^ive yon a locu- tion tirket, wliirh bcionien the timt title to yonr e»tat«. Thi« title, however, u not nuch a» W4Mild h'gaHy entitle you to di»|N»«e of your land, or attnifcn it over to another, though nueli barfpiin« are made every day, and, 1 be- lieve, art! never interfered with by y^overnment. Before you eaii demand the patent, or title deeds of yoar land, there are certain thing* tA lie performed, ««lled settlement duties (h), and a few wordt will give joQ a clear idea of their nature and extent. If you, or any oi^e, hat reiiided for two years on the land, you are only reijuired further to have made a ruAd thirty feet wide, along the front of your lot or lotH, and have wwn it with graM aeed ; but if yoo, or tome ; Prefl«*ott, Ml nro dv- Nia^ani, re<'t to nno ermediiiU: llotM*, A'<'. S flHptain Kiii)(i«ton ; Rr timii, I 'ttbin fare, or other- •lit, it will nil will MM* ou chfKMe, r yuu liRve :lHiin, will that yoii «lvr to the yoQ pro- tiiury will leant lot*, r |H*r«4iiuil e!«e whii'h r lantl to 'on a locn- i»nr «»tat«. illy entitle 4) another, nd, I be- lt. 9 deeds of terformed, ordc will nt. art on the itdoaruad I or lotM, . or lome 17 one, have not ao retided, then your rtNid inu»t have been made of double that breadth : that i«, thirty feet oa >*ath Hide of the line which hat become your froat boundary. I now proceed to togii^t how you ought to act in caite you have come over to purchase land. To effect thitt piirp«>«e there are three modes open to you : — To buy t'ruiii a private proprietor, from the Canaila (Com- pany, or from (tovemnient. On each of thetie we vhall Miy a few Mords. If you knew any friend who had iieeii M'tlled in a favourable |Nirt of tlie country for Mime time Itefore y able to make one out that would exactly «>uit ^oii. Ill tbi:* ca^e, »uch a purchase would be in my opinion the liest, but if you are come over to Canada, iiii isolated stranger, or at least that you do not know any one on wbo<«e seal and jiidf(ment you could sulB- cienlly rely to st led your farm, then I would say, have iiotiiing to do with cleareil land or private proprietors. 'I'liere are, to Im^ »ure, plenty of persons to be found who would wirnin«iit, re> <*|H.MtinK tli«' ili«[M».al (if rrowii laiiilH, Itotli in tlio way iif |iri\nl«* sair, iIhimiuIi iIh- iiirdiiiiii iif its M'veral Hf^diln «'ukrM' uiK'tion. The ii«iiiii roiMlitinn i^ tu pay witn int«.'r<'«tt l>v f«Mii- VI arlv iiioialiiirnt!*. Mr. M'litnincl iit ilic icovcrniiHiit a^^nit at l'<t laiiil llirnii^li «>iilicr uf tlivite cliannfls, yon will n'lnriiiltcr, llial il \* \tlml we cull lm!>h land; tliat io, in a pfii'iri •>tat(? of natiirt*. and tuvrrcd alto* )frllii>r willi fnll-;^niuii uw* ; mi that livforv an turv of it iM'ntux'H |ii-o(lii4-tiv«\ tlici'i' imiihI Ih> NvrioiM laltonr and i*x|M'nM' iiit-itrri'd. W'hrn wt; roninivnt'o any new iindt'rtakinif, of wIiohi> nafiiic and tliliicnItii'M we have had no |)r('virf<'it ideait, we natu* rally ank the opinion of |MrMin« who have themselves trtMi the name road. We derive, however, if we »to|» there, little Kenefit from onr iiM|niries, for the more we multiply tlicni, the more various and contradictory will l>e the opinions w«> receive. What seemed a triflo to one was a load to another ; what one considered Mi ■mnsenient another hated. We should not, therefore, be satisfied with a han> opinion : we should ask a detail uf the laliourH, and the diflicnltiei*, and the advantages, and then there will l>e Kome probability of our deciding whether we are fitted to enter on the proposed under- taking. A person who removes into the bush has certainly a great deal to do, or get done ; and the feoMdes aoJ younger hranches of his family are likely to endure many privations, and |M>rhaps suffer what, when oom- pared with their previous experience, may be justly considered hardships. 8till there is a limit to afi this. The suu which had before cheered them with tb« flom- forts and conveniencies of life may remain for • tin* beneath the horiaon, but it wili rise ; and iadwiry mmI perseverance, if united to prodenee and oorrwt eos- duct, wiU not, cannot fail in Canada, of tlniiff Jfntpm reward. If yon can get land in • ooncMiioa tfc wwtgfc wkWh a road hm ahmdj \t—m oftMd (e), jmd tkn jwi ••• exi 19 within* rcnaoiialili* «liMtaiin> of n vill)ip:(> or •ttorr, *ny Ally thing uiMl«'r leu iiiilt"*, )«Mir |Mi\aliuii<> ncttl m itrrvly be nioro thitii what your tiimU uouM liavi* rrmh r««d I'XlNHliiMit, had yring into a wrillrn agrr* lornt uilh an «>x|M'i-i«'nic«l ■etth'r, who will cngago to « lio|», hni n, and tmrc, in a rort^iin nnmh«>r of >i(-ri'*i, and pnt np your ^llanty or lug-hoiiitv. This mode uf priNrrdinp:. wlirn |»iaiii«ahl(', I 4'unti- d«r the heMt for nniny r<>a<»oiit tu a cer- tainty In) th«> rlica|M>t, and lln> work, t onnidering your own ini*x|»eh<'n('e, and |M>rlia|i«> lliat of llnme whuni yuu nro ohlitfod to fuiploy, will hr hettfr done. ShouKI you he aide uogin clvaring the land in .lune, or even in July, there will he quite wutfii ient time to have a few acrei pre|wrpd for Mowing a erop of wheat in Octob«'r ; and you niny, tliat very year, raine a little turniptf late cab- Mfffl, and other vegetahlew. It may happen to you, hfiwcver, at it did to mytelf, that you arrive loo late on your land to attain tbete advantageN ; and you may aNo he nnahle to meet any competent periton, w ho ih willing to enter into such a contract with yiui aM deikrrilN>d. Your only alternative then i« to hire men by the day or month. Men who have Iwen for some time in the country are certainly iu be preferred ; an it niunt In* plain at once, that he who never handled an axe before inuHt he inferior, both in execution and d<>«natch, to a nraeti^ed chopper, and betidea will know little or nothing of what may ba called the detail of your opemtiomi. If therefore you are obliged to employ cuch per«onr^ it will be abto- lutely necotsary to prtN-ure one or two ot the former description of men, and then you may get on pretty wall. wkidi CHAPTKR VI. Before w« eater on the novel employment of clatr- ing land, and putting up akantiea, let us perch awblla, Hke tka wild pigeont hara, in one of the tallatt traaa, amd taka a rapid tanray of tke fiwa of tka coonti7. Tk« *?o t (»:i»< 'I "jMii* ;in I otii|»,ir.it i\ < i v -<» ^ini'l, -t> \, w , ,iimI ut t^i'iii-r.tt «<• l.ir .i>Mii iMllllf^l ilt1i:i^ltitMl->. All tlli> (ii|t-(. llO\\<\rl, ^tili^|l Mill llrlinW). Iiii> Ik III 'iiir,i>lir«'il ;uhI •li\iiltil UiUt Imuii- *lii|»-, l»y '"•iirx t-yor- <'iii|iluv« li mi ihr |>,iri o|' ^ovi in iiicni. I lirof iiiw ii-.|ii|i. iirc :if;.iiii (ii\iili'il iniu wlim arc iMJli'il t Mill r'<«i, uinl tlif-c lattn- into lots, t>at It I'tl I iMit:tii)iii ■ t vt o Iiiiii< I t)'io i>t till' ritji. fs-ii.ii,, wliiili air rnii |M'i(«'»tlv >liai;ilil. witli- ont «liv»if:*Mi;: I'U- riilirr o\\ani|>». lull-, or vall«'\«, art' f°ornii-il l>\ l.tlxiirir oH \. iili an iivi- .1 |Mr««' «>t l>.iiK oii ••aril ^il|•> ui' till' 111! «. tliat slainl u ln'ir tin- liin- -liouM Im', ami liy niti'mg' ilou n an «M(a<«ioiial ^nall one. 'I'Iiim. iiiiiik i« «ailrit ■' till' lil,i/t'," himI wlit't'i' i«'rrntlv (lime i<< ^Piirtally miHm li'iilly plain, hut in |iiwii»>lii|i<* that wt'rt' Hiirvrycd oii lia or AA/:r, and taiU, after a fi>w triuU, to rcrovtM- it, liit» lir«>t ami nnly rational r«'<»oiiirc* Im to I'lulcavour, hy tiu' aid 4»f n coniiia^^, tlif «iiti, or any other nio, tu Lei'|> one titniight t-oiir<««' citlur to tin* «'a»t or \vt>t. An the fM)n(r«»<>ion lincii run north or '^oiitli, or nearly no, k« will tliu« h(> prt'tty rcrlain of loininK un !>onu> onu or another of them, and so may cxtricatu hiintelf out of a ▼ery alaruiing dilenuiia. I liuvo Wen obliged iiiyivH to haw had teeoitrse tu thi«i |»lnn imi nioru than one occasion ; and here I would Mtronf^ly rccinniutiiid tb« praeticu of earryinfi^ about with you a pocket conipau, ut it will tliew you the way when perhaps the itun may bo taking a nap behind a thick curtain of cloudt. The prevail iug treen here are maples, beech, beni« locks, ce r, n it • I'll t?» tnwii- ^OV« ! II- il(» >\liai tit*, «•.»» Ii IIIIiIm'I «■(!, I lilH"» ot lit. \%ltll- W\^, an- il, ilK on If -ili)ul«l lie. 'I'IiIm.. y tliiiic it itiat wrrr and tlitfi- rrt tiff tlio ^voi- it, lii« hy tlH> tu kei'p Aii thu y HO, hu onu or ' uut of a il iuy»cif than uiie iimiiil tbtf cuiiipais, Muii may iJt. )ch, hero* oak> are I are only naple, or tree: ex- eyed* or purpoeea. HKJ mm i lemloeks aro vi'ry likr |iii)i<4 ; iIm ir ii.iik i« u^vA Ky taiincm, unci thit omii* iIm* Diily ii««> (Ih'V ati«v%'<-r. Tlic (t'llurii aru of fill' >«lii|t' kill)!, aiiij i.iiik iiiiion^ tlit< inott iiiiurinn- tililf in'«*s ill l>iiili|iiiu' lou lutuot'o. 'I'tio lta«» i;* imually Mficrtt'd tor rooliii^r s|iaiiii«'«<, a<4 it »>|ilit<< (>a»ilv, and roiiiinoniy vi-ry fair, lif'^idr* lli«> wond is ikofi, and- takvM Icsf* labour to hollow iiiit llir Iroiif^lm. There i<4 ii va* rii'ty of tlio iliii. • alh'd uliiti* or totk <)in, wliirli •^ci'iiN Hiipcrior to all oilor trrto lor ^«>iirral fiirnitiiru and fraint'-work ; it \s • lo>ii>-^'i,4iiu'd, hard, heavy, and vx* trenicly toiK^li ; it niakes lapilal axc-haiidlt'M. A«h ii aUo t'oiiiid here ; one variety, tailed the hhuk ush, it approved ot' (or l«t^hoii«e> ; hut tor other piirpoM'K the xvood ill, I heljfve. worth little, |{e^idutf the«(f He have the iron-wood, hirkory, haUaiii, and perliaps a few otherw. l*luiul> and < herry-tree^ are M-atloreu through our rore«t><, a^ are aUo pHinelierry and currant buskcSi and even tlio vine ami hop plant aire not wanting. The nuniher of f'uil-growu treex on an acpi variea mu<;h in difl'ereut townAhiu^. The hest dc»criptiun vlf landd npiioar to havo the fpwuftt, and thom*, «« might be uxpectcif, an* of a larger irize than when found more numerous. In tlie Newca»tlc district, the average nunilivr on an arro may be stated at seventy ; andipacee of twenty or thirty yards square, free from large treet, are to be mot with frequently. The surface of the ground is constantly covered with a thick coat of leftveiy thrtmgh which, very thinly scattered, a graw of a eoane kind will make its way; and in the months of May ud June is seen a tolerable variety of wild and Ttry pretty flowers. Besides those rivers, whieh are considered of oooie quence enough to be marked on the maps, W9 baft nnmeroas streams, generally ealled creeks: sone i^ theai do not become entirely froten during the winter, hiA there are many that only run in the spring and fliU ^ the yaar. I shall eonclode this diapter with a few iihiiirnlkaai on the subject of elKMilng land. It aDpeara arlda^rli mt that the season of the year, when tUi b WiBf l«|i^ ii of Miadi impoKaaaa. » waer yoa art fn^fiilii by tht Wlafa of the trMa» hvm wmn^ auny jfMl||| «iydir«etl, lli;it )itii Mill Im> iinxiitut> to iiiukr yoor <»iii> ithKOi^ tlo'iii a% nlMirt u« |Hi»<>iMt>. TIhtc i« \rt iiiotllicr «li«a ; «|h)|o, «oiiifiiiii«'H of no IriHirii: rxiriit, wliii li. it <>*'rii in '>|Min^ or .lutiiiiiit, WoiiM Itf <«o uri iiiol iin|M«oaM«', ii« to ih'trr you tVoiii M-ttliii^' ill llifir nci^lilMiiii ImmhI, uilt iIh*ii Ih- an tjry a^ if a ilrop of ual«-r roiiM iicvci' lie ioiinil thrr<>. ^\'illt^^, |M*rlia|iit, io a «liil inort' ol»|i'iiioiiaMr time, to hv kuri>, \oii can tlini racily «li«lin|fnio|i kwanipy i»|>ot!t liy tlu' loMiilorks aihl (rilar<% wliirli invarialily oniipy llu'ni. and \vlio»r «laik p'rcrn roiitrai*tit «itron);ly with lli<> IcaHt'ftn liruiit lir- of liu' li<. (/rowing on dry laniil<'«| from «li«io\t'rin^ wIm'IIm*! till' ^roniiil i<« not <><• iiill of ••Ioim'm an to Ih* wurtli liltU*. IVrliapo you will think it Mraiif^c tinit tlicrc hlioiilil Im' '»|om«>s on tin* mirfai •• of tin* ^romiil Im'H' at all; Mi|t|Mi»injf lliat tin- l«'a\»"* wliiili wi-rt; annually !«ln>«l lor four tlion<«an(i yisir*, niu>«t liuvc furnii'tl in tlirii 4lc«-.nii|iosiii(tii a ma^H of inonM wliirli must havi- Ioiil'^ •'in* «• plai i>«| tlir i>I«mii>h far bcncatli the surfaie. Tlir fail, liourv.r, i**, that tln-rt' i?* idfuty of Htony ianil to li(> nirt nith in Canada; and where Mur- fa«e».toiie« are ino<»t numerous, ihey are penerally found in ne«ti» or lo-ap!*. Thi* i« plainly eaused hy thot.e tree* whirh have Im'I'ii overfnrni'd hy the wimi ; their rooU hrin^;inK np on <>iirli or« a«iony u nian^^ of the ttub-noil, with all iIm' »tones that wrre amonp it. In the oprinp, »ay from the l»t of April to the 4th or ;»ih of May, or in tin* months of < Ktoher and No- vemher, are found, nti I ronreive, the heht op|N>rtutii- tio« for jud^:ill^ of, and *>rlertin^ land. You will then nee at onetime a innrh larger extent (»f the face of the country, you will not he in danger of your loniiig your temper and your Melf-poxM'UHifiu together hy the nui* rally inoMpritoe<«: you will have douhlo evidence of every kwampy <«pot in the contract of which I have ul- ready »>pok(>ii. and in the water, throiif^h which you are uhlif^ed to >pla!«li; and you will he ahle to determine about the ^tom>, hoth hy ohserving the turface, and better Ktill, hy examining the mMMM of earth which ad> heres to the root« of any tree that may hap{>en to have been iq^et hy wind. After all, I would not b« under- Htooil to join in the outcry raiited by new aettlert againit • unxiouK L'lmu'i* of .iiiliniiM, V'oii Iruiii >n dry a> l>l(< time , tiwuiit|)y iiviiriaMy iiti-i»ii|;ly ^r on ill) ito^eriii^ an to !><• [IllffC tluit •' ^ruMiul lit-li wrn; iii»t liuve iM wliirii iiratli tliu Iilfiity ut u»r»' Mur- itlly fuiiiid lio!«u trei'h ii'ir rouU u Hiib-tiuil, tu the 4tli r uiitl No- »|t|N>rtuni- will then iicf of till* >itiiiK your y tlie rai- ideiicv of I havo al- Ji you are dtfierminv rface, and which ad- «n to have b« under- vra againtt V 23 tlu'iM' Mii«l nwimipi.. WImtc iIm'v i»ro not of too irrwil t'xU'nt.aiid wlic'rc tlic tiniWr in llicni i* iurgv aodtwal- tliv, I iM'lii'vu tlifv will hi' found JHfrc'aflt'r of Kntnt ndvttnlHKc to n farm, a« iirodncing, wlien cleared, the b4'!>t iMiMtnru iiiid lucudow iund. niAPTF.Il VII. Let UM now turn for a nionient, fnim the wood* to noiutf of thvir inliMhiUiulM. You Mftt already aware thai bearit an«l woIvom prowl ainonf( them. I liave beard the howl of a wolf now and tln-n, but have not yet got a light of ritliiT. TIum, liowevfr, i% not to be won- dered at; ait you will niri't liundn'dii who have been ••- veral yean* in tin* roonlry, mIioii«> « uri«Niity remaiua e<|ually ungratitiud. I) find little more difficulty in |>ru(unng plenty of fine veiii»on, tlian iu»t to pay for it; hut a huftli raii^«'r niuct catch it for hiraeelf, and new Ncillern u*tually liave for a few years other matters to attend to. The red |mrtridge, a large and much finer hird than that of the old country, i« here in great numbent, and no tame, iliat you might f'requently ehooC at them with a |)ockct-|»i»tol. Wild |iigeoini •warm in the woods during the sunnner; they too, areoanily ahott and are generally found very fat. Wild ducks are alto in ahuudance on niont of the inland lakes; and I am told woodcocks arc lo he found in plenty in some places; but snipes appear to hu very scarce, at least in this part of Canada. Woodpeckeis of several kinds and suhm, are tapping the decayed trees in every direction, aad until you become very well UMcd to them, the soand they produce will sometimes startle you; it comes as suddenly on the ear, and almost as loud as the rap of a fashionable fi otnian. I haurri| to oiiaMo NiiurtMi«, yet uiilMtrii, to linsik tlii*ir iii't k>» ii> |»iii-9uit of th«Mii. NotM'iliiittiUxtitiif tlio iiuiiiIht of aniniaU and bix^t whi<*li liav«' Im'«'ii iiotiicil, — ai^l tlicrc arc many otor« «rct>iy niiiH with a lii'iii^ ohjtt't iM-'vith' the muM|uitoet. Th<*iM*, dnrinf( tht* Minint«*r months will he sure to at- ti>nd you. and lM'li<>ve me. «>\t(Mit ytm are one of ihoMt oallouh t'flloWM who art' *o deToid ot all feeliuK as to dn*^y niaiM(uit(Nhi, mid|^e«, and hlat^k ilii>«, you will often be forrtnl to wiidi tlu* thriM' triln's at the liott4»!n of the lea — at li'attt y(»u would hv^s; they would ^u somewhere elie, and It't t/oH idone. When yuii wrre %|M>akinf; of coming over to Canada, ovory tmt' had |>ity tor you ahtHit the piercing cold of tbe winter, the iutul«>i*a)ik* heat ot the summer, or the bear«, or the woIvch, itr sonu* other eoually faiM'iful hullahuii; but my life on it, not one told you th« r«al truth, that the only tlii*igH to lie dreaded in Upper Ca- nada are the ague and the tfiiMi. For the former, if yoa •hould K''l >^ the ttulpltale of <|uiniue ii* almost a speci' fie; and for the latter, it \<* {tleaitaut to know that tneae li»niieutor> diuiiiii'>li a* your « lenraiiee iNM-tmiesextemled. Indeed, in a i learam-e ot alMi«H>t the MUialleikt itiie, you will Im* little trouhied with iiio^r|tiitu4*#v a«i they seldoiD leave the iuMiie«liate •.liade ot the tree)*. It is otherwise with the hiaek tlie* ami hiid^i>i*. These eongrcgate •bout you in the iiioruiii|jii and evenings and are so nnmlM'rie<.!i, •>«> |)ri>i<'vei-tiitr, and nu Mood-thirelled to retr(>at to your house at the very It die when it would Ih' nn>st pleasant, and when |M'rha|it yon would he nio<«t anxious to conti- nue nt work. In oeiiled weather tliet ^rv not so troll- bleitonM*, and when a hrei'Zf i«> ntininir, w}iieh frequently m*rnrtt, you an' Huie ot hein tree from them; ao tliat when oni-e a <>«'ttl( r lia» hi-tonie sutfieiently inde- iienilent to have part ot lii^ time at his own dis|N>tal, le uin avoid the annoyamt* of tlieni almost altogether, by remainuig within at «neh times as he finds them tnuddeMum*. Until that happy peritNl Mliall have arrired, he must bear |K'r»i'cution ^^ well as be can ■ though I itry ibal ro4l«, yet III. iinf( w«Ik ivre, aiid 1M|uiUj«1l. re to Rt- of ihoto IS to t ft fpedi- that these pxtentled. •tisc, you •y (wluoiD iitherwiae iiigrpgiite fid nre so r<»ty, that I to your l»l«>asaiit, I to ronti- «o trou- rt'quently them; to ntly ind«- I di»|N>sal, ltt»gether, nda them e arriT«d» -thau|^ 1 25 doubt if it n-ill *et\e to teatli him iiiiit:h mercy tor hia toniit'iitor^; and in the iiiuuu time let hini tiOM^er tht'iu u^ iiiicmdrd to be ao many »pur« to hit ex«rtioiM» wih\ iN'ikoveiuuce in cU'urhi^ away the forest. ClfAPTKIl Vlll. In ltiii|r a ftite for y«Mir hoii««, do not ftNipH tiMt a pHul fuir triMii th<> front will nerve to varry off the meititig Hiiow in thi> »|>riug ; as well as the water frow the heavy tliuitder showers whitJi you may expect M susuiiier. Jli^fore yoii lay one log over aBother» 1 ra- mind you to have fvory tree felltMl, which, if left WKVC «MHiJd afterwards reach tlie inteudtHl dwelling. It WOidd L«^ Ktiil better, if time allow«Hl you, to get »«paee e€ the foreiit of forty or fifty yards square burnt off befiire the tihaiity was e«>mMienred ; and then, and tbeM ei^t can it be |>erte«tly Kafe. This |in>caution, how«v«r, seems seldom att«>ii(hMl to by new u*ttlers; toBMlinii* perhaps from impatience to see their woodhiad filMwine in progress, but stiil ofteiier from ignunMiee ef tiM ee» rious risk incurred by neglecting it. After a little dlry weather the brandies of the traes» if ther Imre bees cut for a few we<*ks, will with a very sngiU hreeee, burn iiiostt furioiikly, assisted by the thick coat of leevee on the ftiirl'ace of the gnmnd; ami should the numiag fire take its i-oiirse towards the newly-crected ediffeei you will have si>mething to do to save it from the de* voiiring element. I am not myself a " bnmt diiki,** but was to«» near lM>ii^( so, not to *' dread the fire." My f^hanty had been up some months, when the hom- ing of the brush and timber of my clearance waa coob- nieiiced, and it n><|uired the utmost exertions of fonr persons to prevent its being d«*stroyed. The anoke and heat were so suffm«ting and inliderable, that my family was obliged to tjkke ri^fuge for two howra in ibe cellar; and from the cirt-umstanre of the fif« having completely ^urroulld(>d the |>remises it would hare b e en very difficult to have removed our things to a place ni safety, had it been m^iHMisary to make the attempt. 1 would therefore re|M>at ihe advice to new aettlere, to chop down and burn off at onct'> at least ono acre of tbe forest immediately about the spot where he intends to m 1 jiu' ii|i litx liuii".!'; hill oliMiil'l ln' li.iv«> nMirl(.rf«Ml dMiri;; "I'. .iihI til ii Im- < »i-mt'H !ift«Tvvi)r*U (<» rutfr int«i ii « "tn- tiar«<>ii tor ilfiiriiii; a ri>rt;iiii (|u;iutilv nt lit* i.iii I. I)'l liitii t.ikf fh*> i-iiii«<>(|ii«'iin>, it li«> i|iM><« tiot lM.tk<- It a I imhIiIioii iii tliril' Wi'illi'll .'lifiVtiilctlt , tii.'lt li»' i* to l>. nii|'Miiintii'.| tiM Hir ltm«t lu« iiiiy «tili«< r\ .It i)Mi N\iil i;ivi' yoil a rl«'!iri»r i«l«'u of flif iiiaiihcr III wliiiii oliaiilit'H itit* |miI totfdiM'r. tli:tri i-oiiM Im* uiitaiiK'tl tVoiM itii) tii-lail oC iiiiiu-: <«tiil, I ron- riii. Voiir iii» \|M'ri<>iiri> will vrry iiiitiirally l«'a*i to If.ivf u LMcat «l«'al lo llir iikmi V'MI liavt* «Mn{>|ii\ «-ii, ntitl tiiorc i.ti;r«'lv so if yni liiiv<> ^ot iiM'Tl wlio an- ii-< «i to ui Ii kiiui of work: hut if you nliiit yom own <•>«•* altoi;rtln'r, ami ti>t»lly «I»m liiu* llu* mijf- jj»'»tio?i^ oi v«»iirov\ii luil^iiuMit. 1 will proplii'xy you will K'^trl li.tvili;; «l<>nc HO. Having xtfUt'Hiiil jii ui of tll«« «Mli- fut', your iiM'ii |iro««)il to Im-u ilown •«urli trti"*, lonve- iii«'iit to till' iiihiiilnl »it<>, n<« an* of a proper tliirkn(*M. Till' Htrainl'iir llM".»'ari', tlu' lu'tti'r; aud if <«'«lar« tan hi' pro* iin (I without hum li ditfit ulty, llu'y nhouhl ht» rlioKuti. M iplo ar«' ^aitj to di-ray vi-ry noon — iti Homo rft*.'»« afU'r Hvr or six yt'ar-*; but though it niififlit h<» im- pOMsililf to Ml ikc tluMii last for a groat loii^tli of timtf, I !«iU»|M'i t the tnn* iauH«« of tlu» m» rapid «l»'ray of tho HhaMtii"« allitdid lo, wa<4 tli(*ir hnviu(( been ronstantlr noakiii;^ wat«T, wlniu'v«'r rain f«'ll, from tln» j^r<»i»s lazi- iM»ii» or iicKliut ot' tin" pt*r«ouH whti ofoiT|»ied thcin. Tlie fr«'('H an* now rut into the proper length*, and iMdK'rtfd to^i'tiu'r. hinging for u foundation it of r,our»«> never tlioii^lit of. Having pliu'<*4l two end log* in tliu plaee^ wtiere they are to remain, a man with Ml axe, within a few in« lieM of tiie extreme eiidt of eseh, putM a kind of nit, wlio«e breadth iii tho diameter of tiie i(»g which \» to be next put up, and it« nhape, like the letter V, turned upiiide down ; the under aide* of A^ trout and rere log are then rut, like the aiiid letter V» ■o M to lie clo^e \alU li.»\i' .iII.uihmI iIk* ;ui|iiind JuMf-lit. \\\ivu tin.' d«M»r aii«l »\ iii ot lia*fiHood into till' I liiiik<>, miiitl thrill not. Von havr now to ^<>t up the loot, \\hi«h for a chanty in ina«h> hy Kpiittin^ th«» ••tiaif:ht«-«i h)i>o\voo«l trt'f* in two, siikI itftor tlH»v Inive hern hollow III out with ax("«, |ilai iii^ then), the hollow part ii|i, iHiilo hy >«irly tofli^etloT n* you laii. <'>o that the* fiuU will rvsl un the n|iprr HhiU and front lo^H. To |ir«'Vi'nt rain ^^('ttin|r through, oilier troii);h«, Kimilaily |irc|»urfd, arc phiied oni* over i'%'i>ry joint, with the (oiieavu oidti uiidtT, and the roof it tinishrd. I otron^ly recoiniiiend yon t<» have the itidet of ihcto iiiidcr tronfer that it it yourovrn wife and your own children who are to upend the i^jh l>ru;iching winter under that nM»f, mid he retired to make them at etmifortahle a.-* you can. If you aru anxiuut to have your family in their new habitation at tiNin at poatihie, they mav now ooflM iaio it. The weather, until probably tne middle of Novmi- ber, will render a tlight curtain tacked up at night, • tufficient tubttitute for f^laaed taabet; and the good b** hariour of your neigbbourt, thould you happen to liaTn any, will uaute any atronger door to be quiln laaat* ceaaary. Yon will then have lelaiire to make, or gtt ONMle, by degreet, any artidea of honaebdd ftimiturt yon re> duTre, and wnatever you judge proper ftw finiirfiiiig jomr atuuily. Under Ibia latt kend, your ire.pkwtt mm! Almm&f cUUb the imt nMe^tioa. Fer a akert lint jm aaf T ^r| % -•it 29 porhiips find it ox|)0(liont to irnitato a very fi^enernl plan ainoii;^ ii»»w s<'ttl<'rs — ^just to plaru u few lurgo stones loosely a^aiui^t that |)art \vlit>re a Hro is to he made, in order to prevent the I<»^h of the shanty from if;^iiiting ; and let a s(piare liole in the roof serve as a chimney. If, however, time and circumstances allow it, it will be better to d(» at once what must otherwise be shortly done, and get a stone chimney nut up. It may happen that you will be advised, as 1 was, to put up a wooden chimney, well plastered within and without. Such are in pretty general use, and may an- swer very well where a constant or strong fire is not required. Still 1 cannot recommend them, as, let their construction be ever so perfect, they are certainly ex- posed to the danger of catching fire sooner (»r later; and the consciousness of this dainger will often c(»me upon you, while enji»ying a roaring fire of a cold night, like a bitter breeze from the north. If you can at once burn some limestone, well and good ; but you are not without an excellent substitute for lime mortar, by mixing together two parts of wood- ashes with one of red earth, which is found by remor- ing the surface stratum of black vegetable mould. Lime is burned here in kilns, pretty similar to those of the old country; but it is also made in a still simpler manner. The stones, well broken, are placed on the top of a large log heap, which is then set on fire, and if the logs are gross enough, and piled very dote to- gether, you will have plenty of excellent lime in a few liours. Should there be no saw-mill within n reMonaUe dk- tance, you will find that boards gmi be procured by splitting basswood, cedar, or pinei they will at leMt make a tolerable floor, doors, Ac An adw her* wlU be A very usefnl tool, bm bf meaiM «f it yon cm hmIm •tttih boards nearly as fair aa if tbev bad hmm wwii, mmI*- smooth enough to repuire no plaumf . "' * CHAPT£B IX In our last chapter, fellow-trrnvtiler, I M ywi'li'li yOS MW Md to Mjr mIw§* 0MIIW M^# "llMMlDr leml pl.m j^e stones made, in igniting ; cliiinney. it, it will >e shurtly 1 was, to itliin and I inny an- ire is not I, let their tainly ex- later; and [»me upon ight, like well and substitute of wood- »y remoT- e mould, o those of II simpler )d on the fire, and ' dote lo- > in a f«w naUedW- cared by at leart Via Ban Mkk» 29 tiioiif2fh it may bo, iIhto is a plonsnnt oxritemont felt (Ml tlic first nif^lit whon yoii ornipy your own shanty, and sit you ti'«'i>s, :m if nul ir.aiiv liiiiMlrt'd \,ir»l> Jiom ulii'io w<' stuud. Kiinvvini' ny t N|M'ru'iu(' tlKit it was not vory «t'itaiii s\\v uouUl coiiK- liutiK' ot linx'lt, 1 tli'tsircd the tliild tt* ichirii, and >iid I \v«Mild Im' l»a( U uilli tlu» row in a IfW niiiiulrs. 1 tiriii'vc tli.tt. a> tilt! cow lii-ard nic a|i|>roM('li, she moved tail her into tlu> hush, tor 1 was ninth h)n^t.>r in timiiiifr np with her than 1 fxprtttMl. It wa«* in>w hi - t'onic a ('()tn)d('!i> ^^ii<>s>-wt)rk afl'air to niakf ttnr way hat !< t«' chanty; antl I did nt>t t'htiox* ttt taUf the ims a•^ a ^niih-. hcianx' I km-w she wonhl pii'ft'r re- niainiifr ont all niiflit. Slu' wishetl to tit* <»nt' way, and I ttdd her silt' >Iiunld i^it ani»tht'r; and wo >|u'nt s«> iiiuih tinif in tht< altt'it atitm, thai at icn^Mli thi* int rt'.'iij- iiiLT indistUK tni>>^ with whith 1 saw, n'niiinh'tl nti> that I hatl lit'tK'i' laK«> (hanct* tor her t-oniin|i: honu>, and t n- tleavtoir tt» find niv own way hut k vvitht)nt InitiuT dflav. This wtMild ti'itainiy have ht'i'n a wist' rcstdiititin, it madt' in linn'; as it \v;is, it was like that of st»nu> «dd I ai ht'IiU'. when ht> tiett'rniiiws, hut too late, to marry and |:(i htir>. Tht* cuw antl I hatl takfn so many don hk's ..lit! short tiiininjj^s, that I ttmid nt>t pos^ihiy th'tfr- inini>. with any t now no linn* tor pan^in^, and |)ans- in<: tnnhl Im- <•♦ little n»e ; st) tdl I walked, with a feel- ing rather < I' lHi])t> than heliet' that J was atlvaiif/m^^ t twartis htui.i . Ni^lit and starry tiarkness tjrt.'w o!i apaee. It w.is sinli a ni^ht as 1 etnild have atjmired, had 1 iieen in«t stantlin^ at the thrt'shttld oi niy own diKM', and kiiew tii.tl w hen 1 hatl looked \oii'fi: einin{.;h at the stars, and hnininetl tivor " The Vtumi,'^ May Motni,' I Inui oidy tt> tnni al'tnil antl enter a eotnt'tirtahle room. where there was a hlaxin^' tire and a ^iiotl leather hetl l.» reeeive nte. As it was, ht»wever, 1 tell little extite- inent trf>in a elear Mne sky antl a wlioie tirmameiit oi ulitlerin^ stars, and wt>uld gladly have e\i;han|;ed '• heaven's thnn-atul eyes" t<»r tnie glimpse td" u camile thrtm^h my tiwn ta^elnent. f soon kiM'w that i hatl walked far intire than wtndd have heen sntlitient, it 1 was in the rij^ht directitui ; and the hope ot n'athin/i: liome that ni^ht became th he IS it' iiol V would > nturii, iniiiules. K li, she Oliver ill now l>t'- oiir way taUf ill*' n'U't ri'- vay, and iiii rras- iiu' that and rit- llUtiuT (itiori, it soin(> old o marry any - lli a ii'e.l- dvanc/m^ dn,'\v on adniirc'ii, iny (»NN It iM>n{.;li at y Moon," !>1»' room, itlitT bed 1»» i'X< ite- lanuMit ui' xclianjjod u candlo an woidd direction ; t becami* 31 fuintor and fuintor. At l«'np;tli, wIhmi I \va«i on \\w. point of sitting down ou a fallen tr«>(>, and r("si<^nin^' myself to my fate witli all <]n(> iddlosopliy, the sont^d of runnin|r water «an^lit my ear ; and a-* I knew ot no (-(Mitiirnons stream, hut one which at that lime |>a>-s roiu-s(> of the water, and thus reach the wi««hed-for haven. Most of what are called swamps in this jiart (d ("a- jjada are low tracts of the forest, which are, in j;;eiieral, perfectly dry land in sununer, hut in the sprin;^ and autumn c(nitain more or less water. Cedars and hem- locks, h(»th evergreens, and with a close* and heiivy mass of loliajj^e, are their prevailing trees ; and in such situations these, yuun^ and ohi, usually f^row so close fo'^etlu-r, that, even with all the advantaire of dayli^'-ht, it is moving; as iouif as 1 cindd, as I dreaded the consi-tpicnccs swamp as ever, I tocomin{j' (hilled; hut what 1 suffered in my runiirn- 32 liont wju lar %torM'. I km^w lliore w«r« Lnth bfar» aiid wolvfH ill tli«> (oiiiitry, hiuI that I wiu tht'ii in wlmt ifii^iit In* I all»'»l tlit'ir vrry vnn\\t ; hii«1 I ro ionr(>iii('«i, wh-* im'xI to ii»hh»; nn I l»eli<*V(> llun» \* not oiu> aiilli<'ii(ie«»n iiijureil by tlit*ni, ait hough nut u <»4'HMtii puh^'n, that H«ni4» perMoitu ir (iettptiiriii^ |>ai'riitN. Well, I iImI not know this aiMl pcrhap* it wua ht'tt4*r I (lid not. i lOll^i(h•^>lf in niUMt vxtri'int* |M>ril. I pi('tiiri'«l uh.it woiiM hi>«oiii«> of niy wifi* an«l little om>!i, li I slioiiM iii>%«*r rt turn to thi'm. I thought ul oth«>i>. who uouhl laio«>iit no* a« «l4*4|>Iy — my inolh<*r, uinl my i>rotht'rM aMky. <'h ! I th«-ii ti'lt that it i» goo4l to know th4>r«> in M tftnl ! 1 uitt'riil up u |ii-ayi*r tu Him fur uiy mifety; and it' lU) t'aiih aitil 4'y. I)y attt-ndiii^' to tho motion of thi> »tani. I tnado out prt'tty 4xn<(iv thf 4Miniinal |N»tnts ; and thon kept my eyt'* tixciK uith the nioht interna* and auxioun imp»> liiMicis on thi! <|niii-t*tr of tiio nky where I ex{M'tti>«l tu life th<> tir^t lamt tin^'i* of itayli^ht. When I <'ouid cicariy (iifttinuoi'h Mirr4»umling obyuitit, it •eotntHl like a iniraiU* how I ha«l U>en nhle, with whole honcti, tu inaku my way in ilu* dark to the iipot I orenpitHl. It wan u v«iry iitH>p hollow, crowded with falii*n tre«*a, whi«:h were pih'il oii(> ovim' the other, and iinrr(»nnd«4 uiih a 4lt>nM>. ami a» if ini|N*netnibl«}, iiuum of ^tandiM heniloi'ks suid <-i>ro%'i>(| uo ea«y matter tu |(et out of it: fimt ranio ihi" « My opinion, niol it foitnnately turned out avurrect ■ un«>!p a ai> I ir> wliHt lit knuH, iii^cr. tiu »IM> ; MM I ulii'r** a iiltliMijgh \ \u*un\« kiiui nrc out tiir i-«'»loivtU*r lilt* |M'ril. aimI little KMIgtit Ut iiiolh«*r, lt|» to till' tlu»r«» in y »aft'ty; Alll ho M iiiomuiif, riiado out kept my iu« iin|Ni- [H*tti'liiiff. Ittlu^ ufHther hati hven dry and warm tVir koiiii* time |ircvioii«, the fire, when HmiittMl i»y a little wind, will run lor Miine iniln into the tumiunding fore«t ; and ninny Mtaitdinfr traos which had t»minie more nr leM de«ay«Ml, will he wrap|N«4l in a i>he«'t vf fiaoii* to tli<>ir very wniiimit. T1trunf(h the utiil boiim of nif^ht* the»M will !>(> Ii«artl thiindrrinir nt tntervaU, acrordin|[; ai they hii onie »uf- ficwntly ninwnineil at the bife to I'unu* down ; and it will l'r*>i]uently be nwny day* before the h*t of tbeni ban fidlen. One who baa not biniaelf witiie«ted tbe fact will iM»t etsilv conceive tbe attoaiabin|r differtnce which ii ffe- nerally ii««*n in tbe Mime deeeripCion of eroii, growini^ on the very name land, aad ciiiM eolely by.ibe irre- gular manner in wbivb tbe avrfaee of ibo jp-ound waa •fferted by the 0re. In ooo e|Ml yoa willMo billi of Indian eom of tbe moet ionriebinf tmd Inxnriiinl ap- peoranco, and cloee on every Mr billt, •ttuited \n tboir growtb, nnd of • fUkHf yeilew bne. fjlttle oxamiMition will bo raqnitodl to convinoo you of tbe ennae, portieohurly wbo n yoa bove obtorred aoreml timibMr lit n n cet. Yon will bmuiably poioeivo tbnt tbe bf oN hy eoni ia on n apot wbieb wno well nwMOO, wMlo Mw piaeoi vvoro tBo oCnorv grow wore nnnlnwd by*lilo flro. Hmo i wonM raoMurk, tbnt n vort mmII ^MUljr af tbo witi mbw is better lor any lit t B ri p t i en of «op o» mw tend, tbnn n it tWlMMIOMO if lk«Mltt rnllf ooMMorod no lllo bort pkn to ■ li iiioH lni t bat, if Itft on tbo tend, aiflft iMiM^ la ^^MlM^i^Mr ia aa^die ^'s^fcwHW^ '-m^i^m •^-'^Airmj ^rt*n» of ilaily Nt %vi*i4tker oiiM, the f«»r MiiiH* Ntiuiiliiifr , will hit Hiitnmit. Kt> liMrd iinin kiif- I : mid it of them will IMit di it n' fCrowiiifc iIm im- ynd WM • bills of riant ap- hcr bilft, r bM. iam you abtarrwl paiati?o woll k thata MImr for I, tbaa a fkm la MVMlii •5> iato bcapd for barninir. aad yo« will HKNt tree* mn b« thniwn in alaMMt aav 4trm pltttMi'. Ai'ti*r lb« br»iirbli«ia|Mt tho trunb i« to ba parlad ilia longtii*, — getwnWy frvui twdva to ifUaa fint" w b hil it «luntf H-itk tho nxo, by ttaaUiag on tiMi trea^ tmi niabing a dvop cut wii pa«:b Bi«lo. flavlaf tbaa fal %n(g, yuii tfi 6rts i?) your brasb-baapa ; aM, aftar tbaaa ara ruiii>uiu«Hl, tbo n«xt atep it to aoUaet Iba Jarga laga into h4M|»«, fur wkit^h purpow a pair af mum ara gaaa* tally eiNpluyetl. Ouv vnd of a ttraaff iraa abaia bi attadi4Ml to tbtf yoke, aad, tha atbar feaiaff Iw rwutd a lug (ia tlia taaia way as iba abMa b •ackf of corn ara being baiitad ap iaia a upptsr ioft»>, tko ballocka pall away aalil il ia to ibij pn»p«!r pkica. Fvw n«w tattlart tbiak of bayiaa aiaa for ik9 §t0 yaar or twu{ and ift aaiy bappia tbal aa pilaam ifoi^ ciaatly eaaraniaat la yaa la bka 4baM km §kmf> Tbiaa or foar aMa, b ai r aya r, will 4a lirii.|iit if | work aaarly at aaiabi and aartfoahlfo 99^ ba aa tbaakUaf a A^liAKla fornix bamt ta...adbi > i « .i« j ii l ip i i ii ij w H iir.j«i#' n I itwUfba Tba kf^haapa aaa giillala praaaad to foaaa la ItprMi* aaaatry vaa w^U bait abMfvai; aaariy tba aatlia «l ifoMM fi at tbaai» or tat aai la llM aat^i^Ai b 'X£.. S 80 |>l««ty uf ftt it with an lri«h atone wall, which will bid a«fiauvo alike to your own fires nad thoMi of yoor iitrighboura. CHAPTER XI. Id oar ImI ch ytor I Uii yom Um roaal«r of a plow uf doared lacMl. Yo« will point it out boreaftor to your chaldron, ai tho Artt oehiovoiMat of yoor oxottiom— > at having baan tho int cirelo of tho gtoBO whi«h hopo nod ontorpriae l«d yoo to caat into this omob of tfoot. It will now dopond opon tho MOtoo of tho yoor whot dnwriptioo of cropa 700 am to wopott fw. will ao io otin t ii mn ini i«io lo BIOpMO MV« if uliind thi of Joljrt Mid ovon down to tho MMAtof It. \ try o hmi if not killod by •■ tvly Aoit, U , laiit topi^y yoo with jplooty of Mtd fw tho ^mmimg MrlH* rraio tho Middloof JolylolhoiffBtwoolib Amwt it osMldtiod tho vary hMl tlao Ibr towioc Iww idpti Md M thaao grow to graotj hollt to two l aggi d «id Ofoo though Iho 00 %0W MlMHPfl of iiHiiBw Tho MtotMMlpfWjrtWil iVMan wooM. wi^ ^ nnw la oi •■o Thmiili «ifl# to iiiMp» ^mm tmnii «sc«,% -■'.^yt *«. '»«W|>'- «3«|BS*> wottM iihIUm period, M wall, rMMMl • picM to your rtiowt ■ iklwpo rwUlM rirLrf. Nb it ilii4Mi^li r«M>tM Mfitl vtitneM, until you dhifr to^reClMr • ^utti'if III t|iiaiitity i»t' tiirtli to form » •■uUl luU; tiMii i»ruri>iNl to iiiM)ih«*r spot, and rr|MnU lb« mmmo OfOTilMMt riit* |irMvailiiiK prnrlii-o i% to make thoM lulU llMlilUi oix«« Mt onc4>: hill |ii-uktlily old MNinlrv noUon* will loo4 you to iliiiik with mo, thnt it niigfct M boMor to Moko iJK'm only halt I In* %ue at iin»t,«ud add f rtoli oortli alW iho »L*tK hnd «-oum; ii^i. You will hav«* luu-dly any thing to do witli I w di m corn this year; a» it ahunid ho plantod, •! tW latotl, hj i\w first w«ivk in June, i H any aood put into MW Imm» this roquiri** l«>a»t tinii> and trooblo. Foar %muH MV uttlldent for an aero, and tho prodaoo Miy bo tldNfiflll ur forty buahela. The mndo of plaatinif it it to ttrilM iM OMMV if your ho« about two iocbot into tbo gmmA 4t9p !• frum thfH) to five fraiiia, mmi dowa dM your foot, and ao imi at «(|«al diilMnaw tf fMrt. In BOW land notbimr more ii a richor or MMro loxiiriaBl not tbriro wboro tbo log botaa'aiiadi •ityoT tbo baatioaaM to iSimp im •oU, aiid raadtn it. Ibr Atlpili it for ladiui ooni, _ of tbo g r o —d boinf wall IvaadL I' tbaifasbdl bavota f»i^^:f4: ^m-. ..-.ji..,. 'i%. ■'3?.^^«- fc»#:\-:^: 1 3M yt'iiri' utaiiiiinfir: unnw appciir to have got on well. In the tuwii«hi|» of Doiiro, whirh honiHlH thiit of Dum- nier on th«> w*-*?, an- a niniih<'r of Irinh, who ramo out ui |M'_»5 iiiiilfi- ihp «>|M'< iai protiilioii »if iioverninent, tnnn whirh thoy re««Mv«'«l viry >frc'at a!»*i««tarir«» aiul ••n- roiira^eniont. riifortiiiiafrly thi«i woiiM »»mmii Io ha>«' Jmmmi thrown away on many '»f iIumh. Tln-y \viy*' b'na- ciou^Iy preiM'n'tMl thi* ohj<>ttionahle tniiN of our nali- onal iharacter — t»ur hive of idh'neti*. wh«'n n»ti'*«.ity (1«H*« not «'on)[>el n^ to hihuur — our iniprovi)h'ii««' and «*tter tirt>>|>lHr*' than a few hM»M> titoneH |>Ia(-f(| a^ninxt the ha« k l(»^niok«'. uneonfined hy any kind of rhininey, tindi a difficult es- cap<» through a »(|uart' o|i«tiin(; in th«« r hahitation^ I !>|>eak of stem to admit of, U, that \on p«>r(-t>ivf a painful r(»rrefipond«>nrr Ml every thing within and without. I^ittle furnilunv and that of the rudest ron<*trurtion; few kitchen or ctNtkinfr nten^iU hccauM«> too much hrok«>n to he made u«4> of. C^jt<»ide, you look in v.iin for a young orchard, or ev«>n a vegrtahle enclosure; and it you ask thcni why they nu not get t'le^* things, th«* answer in ready — " tln-y have no tinn*" — '* tln-y would n«tt he hothered losing their time ulKint Hurh things." I am, perhap<«, not long enough in the coinitry to K|>eak (He>itively on the Huhjeet, hut it does appear to ine, that the rutttom of h:iving " hee«,' which Nr«>ins to prevail v<>ry much in thitt quarter of Canada, ie on !>uch a day. He then priH-ureo a Hupply of bread and pork, and aw much whiskey a< will aUow a quart or two to each man, and thi^ in cjilleil *' having a bwi." 39 Tliu Rtiviicatfii for tui-h n MynUitn offer many roasona tu |trov«; it iH>(;«*»Miry in • nuw cuuiitry. I will not »top to dih|»ut« tli«) point with thvin — though I coiikidor th«iir Mffruinonto, HM t'lkr an 1 untlf rstand thcni, un«ound — but 1 will iiaiy, that it' it hna, ar ! am sure it hax, a direct ti'udi nry tu fnt-uuraf^t* Inith idlenesit and drunkcnnesK among un, the sooner our bees were smothered the U'tter. Upper Tanuda presents, however, many n happier pit^turi' than what we have b«>en looking at; an«f it ir^ with mii« li pii'Hsure I cull your attention to the town- !«hip ot' Duninier, us hhowing in a striking manner, what tan he a4-ittniplishe\d whit h htrikes «>ut of Douro and rnn» up U'tween tUc fiixt and »et-ond concession*! of liummiT, nearly to < li'ar Lake, passes through the tli'urant e^ of a number of Kngliiihnien. These, with ont* or two exreptionx, had, luf»t year, a supply of wheat, po;aUN'!«, Indian lorn, and turnips, raised by them«-nred cows, and many matle, la««t spring, a large quantity of excel- lent mapje sugar; one man had nearly 2(H>lbs. to dit- pose of, Utr whit h he got (id. per lb. Th«>re is one of tlieni 1 must particularly mention, .1^ ho pos«ief»>t4>ii a kind of heredit^iry claim to be so dis- tinguished, Im ing no le*>s than a grandson of the cele- brated " Shepherd of Salisbury plain." This little man — he uuNuuies M^arcely more than four f(>et— buried a wife on the passage from Kngland; but having lost n«» time in procuring auother helpmate, he «iet to work chop|nng and burning away until he made a clearmoce of more than two atires. lie rea|M'd, hist year, tht; finest crop of wheat in the township, and aold a large quantity t»f early potatoes and turnips.. During a great part of the time, when he wm em- ployed in the laborious work of clearing his land, his supf'v of pro visions waa to acwity, that he used fre- quently to be ooDpelled, from complete e]di»uitioii» to f SI I i I ly * • I 40 dMitt for M hour or two; «tiU when tlio weakm^M w»f over, Jemmy Saundeni wa* out afraiti ; and if yoii pai w d by, you wvre accontcd by ns liglit-bi'artod and aangvimi a wttler aa ever rUopptnl a trvu in Cpp^r Before wc take leave of Dummvr, f would b«*|^ loavt* to •ofryi^eM, that a trifle of the money, nppr4»|>riuU>(l an- nuully bv Government for ruad«, tiuiMlti, &c.^ couid M*arceiy be diviioxHl of lM'tti>r tlmii in iinpniving tf»«' road of wliieb I ha%'«> jii<.t been t-peuking, and ruiitinu- iiig it to Clear, or Sulnion-tront f^ake. Prom the rocky nature of the line tlirviigli wliicli it run*, and the nu- mcroo« •wam|M that route ^ii tin* way, it niii»t, for many year*, remain u had ruaJ, if left entiiciy to the Improvement of iiidividiuiU and to statnt4f labour, fdj. Were tbe navigation of tbu Otonaboe lM*tween Feter- HonNigh and the b«'autiful and extenhivo rbain of lake* to the north of liummer onre op'tied — und 1 um in* fonmnl that engintiTt have nlr«*ndy rep(»rt(*d movt Aivourably on the prmttuability uud vonipumlively Mnall expenae of thitf unpruveuient — the roiid of whieh I wpeak would be invuiuiible to tiie English iM>ttl<*ro, a» aiifording them the nie;init of cf^nvcyiiig tlK^ir priNhKv to market by water. It hoiiM iven at the present do iImmu infinite mtvicu; ftir those luki* altouml mi in fiiu* fi«h, partiuulariy in AIai>kanongr and »aluiun-t rout, that by a very himII aarrifice of time, lh«*y would proi-un' for their familie* a hin(^ supply of ext-t'Uent tooil. CHAPTEK XI 11. l^pnwrcd to fnlfll my pronii«e of talking a little mor** ab««t Peterborough, aa you may rt:meuilier f invitetl yo« to MttJe in ila neighbourhiMMl. Ho hitoly M eight or niuo year* ago, I am fold tliere van but (ino houM in it : there are now. |N>rhap», two hundred, and every week Mtnmi to be iuhling to the number. A fia n am, m few yearn ngti, purt-haMMl n quantity of Mieh hmd in it* immediate vicinity, for whieh ha paid mm ilollar an acre: Im* i* at pre*ent Mdl> inr thai tmmm kwd, in building Iota of haif an aere, for l/doUan! Umi oTcht «mm iamn^Un, tlmt it toUUy uncleared. wax you 41 wui wMihi a mile •r two V iW taiwm, km Uta kUtkf •old \m qvMtitiof of iwo or tMrto lioodiod mtms oltki wiofOM t plw of iftoio MImo •• Mfot md Ltoow- C o l o w c l Browne, wlio km blolv pot op ao ostromolT protty fnuno eoCtngo^ d tl io fc l f olly tit— tad on tiw briok of tlio C H i no fc w . poM tho fermor p rofri t or of iIm lood it o ccopi oo, auo dollars lor lea aerof. TM« prfoi^ at tW time, was eoDntdered very higk, bot baa bcoo Air oa* ooeded by bier porebataa. la oao JaataaBt a por- ebase of Ibor a^ aa £100 waa ghoo hr oao froatiiifr tbo rirer Otoaabaa^ tmd roRMiindorf Laifo qaaati l iaa of I oat any poealiar local advaatagaa, bavo baaa raadily •old fur two dollara mr aer% ei gbt aaa arilaa liroai ^^ terboroogb. Indeed it woaM W di^Unoe, to boy fftMtd km4 oa ebf Wilbio a lew miles of Feterboraagk are aaaiy of tbe most rr^pectaMo ebMs of i s ttkri ; aad in the towa ilMlf may be found very faateel aad if^raeaUa ao- <;ioty. I>urin|r tbe last wiater aa a ai a ta a t tem pa ay paiw fwnned plays occasionally ; aa oxampio of dviliaatioa wiiidi was toon imitated by tbe ymmg folk of C a b aarp^ . Pei^rboroagb baa seroral resident aMJieal mea, a tana- H^ concern, mills di«tillery» p ea t a Oiue t hci aad tbem it( every prospeL*t of its sooa iairiag eOMeat aad Ooa* rishing •cbools, mala aad fe m a le, aader tbe aaamao- meul of tbe Ker. Mr. Taykw, A. Hh late of Triaity College, Dablin, and Mrs. T. Stores are already anmrroaa, aad t b anyb tboir (raae- ral prices amy still boeonsiderad tt«rt«n the lU>at, of niruJiMr. Il4>thune, of (Jobourg, in proprietor, roninieiiced ruiiniiif^ on Hiie Lake and up the (Itoiiiiht'e. It nceiii!* to have been in- teiiilwl that tho nhould land her ko«m1i> and |NMiM;ii|feiH at Fatorboruiigh; but o^viiig to an tdthtruction of one kind or anoiher, ftke ha* not i^uirceuded in coming quite up t4i Um town. 1 undemtaiKl no doubt iv entertained of the obatruciion iMing mob rainorcd, and it it alM» txMitideutly axpocted that thero will b« very thortly either a rail road or caiuU bctwaeu Itic« Lak« and Port Ho|>« or Coboiirf . In fact Ml much hu« already iH'en done in facilitating the iutercounm between I'cteriNirough and the front, that her inbabitaiila may anticipate an early |>eriu«r of townthipt, which are, or promite to be, auioiig the moat fluurithing and bent nettled of any in the Upper Frovinoe; and when the Otonabee it ren* dercd navigable froiu the laket to Fetei borough— an iuiprovement which mutt take place — there will be a direct water ooinmunicatioo (interrupted only by the dittanoe bet w — Race Lake and Cobeurg) open to 1^ fMirta of Bogbnid and Ireland, from a ratt tract, ioolod- ing iCNue of the ftaeet land is Upper Canada. 1 uottdiide tbia brief tketch, by obterviug, that aa my owa land and hooMtalead are nearly twenty miUa horn Feterbo f iug b , ibei* caa be littbof aelf-interaat to iu- duee me to preaayos to tettlo in bar neighbovrkoodt I aludl therefore bo aatiafied to atop abruptly, when other- wi4o it Might bo »y banoeaa to add a few butiaeaflike pufft. 43 CHAPTER XIV. It ornirt to mo, that it may <]<» •«)rvic« to u few, it', before I drop my pen, I offer a few lm«ty iiimI general observation)* on the ■ubjeci of emigration to ('Nnada. Certuiniy I liuve coniu over tiH> re«'ently niyM*lf, to •peak with much confitlencu im Ut who i», or iit not united for tuch a »«riout enterprine; bnt a« I l)eli(>vf that far the greater number of thoM who leave thf nhoret of 4>reRt llritain and Ireland, every year for thiit country, are im|M.'lled by motives which ari> too fetrong to be much affected ont> way or auother by tJiu opinion of an unknown individual, I will urooeed with my lecture, and will be content to lie considered rather at a prophet on the siibjt'ct than a guide. For the reader's sake, as well as ray own, I sImII distribute the great mass of emigrants, or those who intend to becimie such, into three rlasaen: and the huiii- blett, if not the most numerous, shall take preoe pendcnce than could possibly pn^sent itself in the old country, even if lotteries had not been done away with. The price of country labour varies a good doal; but m fSar as my knowledge extendii, it has not bttn 1«m at any season of tb« year, in this part of the cfNWtry, than half a dollar and hi;* board, when a man is birM bv the day, or three shillings a day and lei htm inJ himself. I know no reason for supposinr that the p rmi de- mand for labonr will not continue for nuuiy jrenw if gir; •o tkat the claat I am tfieaking of may eaaily umm, ia the course of thren or four yeara, aa maak mmn wf m would bo MiflciMit to pureha*« flfly or A hMdrnd aoiM at land, and thiu become in a bop, atop, and jWBpi ** Mtatad gentlemen." I do not see tbat toali ■ ■•• having a wifa nawi laave her aftar hiat, indaod if 1m 4 44 ^l»olll.^ |tiir» lia-r flu- t'»ial«' I •tnoko of, hlu will Ih> hh iuH«'»^;ii^ tn liiiii no hi^ axt»; ntul *)w iiiii^it Im- jfood for I.IlU', if «.lu' taiiiiiit inakr out lirr owei Hiili<.i>itriu;4>, »kti«»nl(i it JMiftinc cxni'ilicHt for lln'tii to hopiirHlr for a «hort tinii' ufi«>r rnnimi^ over, f^it if Ik- iiii<^ i liii riit uiii«tiitii«-fl. who, tliiuii}{h !li»» Mn-n y of |*n»vi«l«'nre, {.'ot ovit I In- apimll- • riif liiffifMiltirM wliii h wiirroiitiiiotl tlo'in, w lu-n tlu»y firnt Nt4*pp4>d oil! i»f lh«» |m«i<**«»l on lh»« wmmhUmi wliaii nl (^Mm'Imt; And whiU« ihev »«hw timt exfiy |>ii»M*r-hy w«« n •>ininf*er, und tliat tni* H-idt* tx'fnn yunn non- roll- ing lM-tw«*4*n tlH*iii nnd ** tht* ru'i^idHMirN nt homo," — Uiww nut whut dirrrfioH to tdvunre in, n<»r how nnd HhFr<> to di«|M»(ii* of tlicir rlamon>ti« littlo one«, and find »oin<'thinf( fur thfin to mt. If tnrh perton* will «^iinc* oT«*r, l«4 th<>m rtniK^tnlM^r th^y rtmi«» without tiny iftritntHHi fn»m in**; nnd t(i^ only Ncrvia' I ntn n>nd«*r lh«Mn IK, tu ad VIM that thcf iiK)nir«> at unri* for Hom<* nirndM^r «f ihe •♦ KiiiifrratKoi Society," from whom ihrv will In* kuro of getting the b«'«t informntiHii ii« to thrir fiiftlier profiHMlinjri. nnd iH'rh«|>ii oniphtynu'tit for th«>m»idvM or i»oni« of their thiidrfn. The tMwnd cUat coiHiista of prrcon* of the nnme f^^nuio M th« funntf ; hut with thi» very nntuml differ- ofiof*, tliftt wmA uf them mHMMf»«e« a little f*R|Mtal — hO, (Ml, or 100 ■ft t iipia. Theae I wonhl rvet»inm«iid not to Ume onti nnneerMiary moment in pu»hin)( on to the U|>fer Froviveii. M'hether it be their ohjinrt to gvt •iBuloviiwfit In Uie fint inttuioe, in ord«r to har^ time to loo(i aboyi, mhI learn the modes of fkrming opera- tloni practiaed in Oanadia, or to embark in tome line of buaineaa, or to pvrobaae land at once; whatever il be, m tbny hm got i llttia money, let them conie np among iM here, aiwi not atop abort until they get at least as ht m Cub nnt g . Hltn tKey nnrhre there, though H h, fur «^ thn im shnll hurt f !sf«i addinf In tkn r, Mi thn vniMft (*rv,ition<( now mIihII Im* liriel. it' you CUM liv«' ill tilt' lioitii|»]f coiiirurt* ut litt'. and It'.ivc tilt.' hope of ilx I'N'U^aiit ic<4 t.» your cinldrcn — if yon aro rather of an urtive, than u litHrary di»po*itiuii; rathiT iin'rli.iniral than p«H'li«-al — if you can delight in hcimh/^ tlu! hountiful produttioii!* of tliuiMrth growiiif( up ahout you in ail the hi'au'y and luxnriafice vt' u n«'\v world, and will Uiki* iiU*a!«ut'v in assiMtin^ with your own liandit to sow, and |>Iunt, and gatli«>r tliiMii in —if you arc doterniiin'd in pur|MiM**, and will adopt tli« iiiulto " HO ti'iittf* ant pt^rficc, " — and abovu ail, if yuii can bavu paticncu with the midge* and blai-k flie«, tbert* will \ni hundredit to biil yuu wulconie. If you putteta uiily Home o( tbe«o qualitit>4«tiont, Ut»cid« fur yountelf : but if not une uf them belungt to you— -aUy at home. CHAPTKR XV, There ar« few aubjecU ooan«cted with ITppar CaMda, on which mure incorrect td«M Mvm geaarmliy to preftU^ than iu diinata. The •x|Niri«n«o which I hart Im4 with regarti to it it, to b« sure, triAiof — rnly of ttr* tummerft and two wintera. 8tiU, judgii^f from tbtat, in connexion with tho atatooianta of aovaral vIm» Im?* upent many years in tho ooiintry, 1 4o mK iMaltata to •ay, that tha waathar—- oaa ■tatan vidb preferable to that of eithar GughMwl or irahuML 1 ain writiaf thic chaptar tha dd of May, tud tliU day— 4ia clorioua a ona aa aver tha atrth flalighlt< U^-haak to Ooat tha 17tli uf Mareh, Hm llaa iHmb tha aMw WgaM f laara va, wa hara M ■i iJ l W if fl fdMy gWriotti arwrinr, I lUra hmm all Ikat tea ii»* iaad to my lM«)rf otiivr «littmMu<>M which niitipitis if they do not entirely prevent, the inconveni«*ni'('4 it would produce. In KUinmer, tliv trnnsitioiiH from .Inly wrullier to that of March, are inn«-h \f** frequent tluin in the old 4*ountry; and though there in ricldom adetirieni'v of ruin at thi« aeaaon, it iit rarely lurtmipunied with wind. Thuntler utnuilly preredett it, and it then full^, warm and reviving, a« if it came to nofiriah, not lo injure vegetal itni. In winter, high wind in equally nire, and rain never I'alU exeept during a very onaHional and teninorary lliaw. ^Snow fadU frequently, and you nniy i alnihite on ' it» approach, when the air ^^conien milder than hefore — the reverm) of the rule by which w© uned to I'XjHTt it in Ireland. .. ln!»e«iM were made for summer, hut I think it in only on a fiiie wii*ter'«i day, that man treatU in the full \igunr of existeni'v; and of HUch weather a« I now atlndc to. tliere ^eenis to be a large proportiim in the lon^ wintera of Canada. Nothing could po^riihly in* more di*light- ful than the fall ot IM\ and the spring nionthn of lH:3*i. (Iv/ing perhapa in Monie measure to a higher def;:ree of heat, hut I ahould think «till more to a greater ''qua* biltty of temperature, you can grow many thin*;* hero to a high perfection, which will not succeed in the o|H'n air in either of the old count ri<*M. In winter, aa aoon aa the tniow i« aufficiently deep, wheeled carria||W of ail kindH mrv laid aside, and re- plaeeul uf differemw between the climates of Upper Canada and (irent Uritain: and that differenctf seems to c4Hi«iiit t'liiffly in these three points. — There Is less wind here \\X all seasons of the year: the weather, botft in winter niid Mtimrier, iw mure settled ; und fine wea- ther ill the Hpriiig and fidl nny tie experted with mure tuiiHdent'e. IVilui|>s I should also iiutice the pleasant manner in which the winlcrs lenvn us; at least the way in which they left us »in«e I rani«* to the c(»untry. There was little rain, and none of that mid, raw wea- tiiir, which generally nsbers in the spring in Kugland niid Ireland. On the frost ceasing, (alNNit the middle of March) the snow yielded gradually to the warm b«>aros of the Mun, and the softness of a S4iuth wind. Hpring with uh is the returning playfulness of a child, that ask)* few momenta lo got rid of its tears and anger; while in the former countries it comes on «lowly and tulicnly, like iin old body's good-humour, and must often retire before the scowl of winter. CIIAPTRR XVI. To such ns |Misse«s limited means, it may bo intereat- iug to get some idea f»f the expenses which will pro- hMly be incurred before tbey cnn begin to enjoy the produiw of their own land. All this, however, ilependa s(» much upon duitiiigent oircwaataneea, that noUdag more than a pjroliable estimate can be offcrad. 1 hnve already mentioned that you «an hire men firon 8i. In :)s. Gd. a day. Eight or ten men, in mm day, e«i wi- i Af 4U tK'r-brui«li uiiU tut (luwii tiu* trei'ii ut' hii m-ri* of land; Hnil mImhiI tti«' oaiiit* iiiiiiiImt will iiiuke tlifiii iiitu l«ig> li('ii|»t. JMirii, and t'fiK'«* in llic* ianuliliiK in Hfvd i« v«'ry trifling, — «*xc«*i»tin^ putatrt'f< tly nvw land, ai'** «littiinlt enough tu W |dantfd, nnli>»rt it m very tret; indtMMl tnnn iitune*>. There is lillK* truuhle, however, in hoein)( tlieni out atierwariU ; tuid when a Kecuiid «'ro|i is |Mit into the MinK' f^r«Min«i, nothinu: ran bequicker or easier than tlia o|>erution of tillin|< them. Indian corn \n |»ci-lia|>4 of all tleKi-ri|ttion of i'ro|» idanted muttt expeditionJv, and »»ilh leaHt trouhle; and even wheat or oats--aiid liak I ii well hurnetl and cleaned oft', it >eeni!t to |»o'Lill of M hcicntific farmer; at least, for the li;st eoiiple of year». After that peritnl, however, there \» no d<»uht hut that a man wh(» |>o.sset«>es u |»reviou» ex|MTien(-e in f.trm- ing will have a eoii<«iderahlL advantage over ollierii,— uideMM the iharni of exa.nple will lead him, too, to lake down Ids harn or eow-houfte, and |Mit them U|i some- where else, rather than go to the tronlde of rnnovitig and m.tkiitg use td the heu|» of dung and lolten straw, whidi had giown up uhtoit them. Should your land he near a man who ha kind, )ou may g« t it choppt'd, burned, iind femed in, tor about twelve dollai> an n»r«' — the prite varit-. from thatt up t<» »event«H>n. The price at w'lieli you ran pur- « ha^f prov.>i.Mis will depend much on your di»lance from old Keillen, and al»4i on the roud you may have lo your laud. Should thiii he in your favour, potatoea, tlonr, |M»rk, ^c^ will ru»t you about the same a» in the old country, or pi>rhapM rather more ; but otherwise you iiuty Veikon on tlieir »tanding you in double tliat money. i|tlu ttt iku III' 40 It tKouM b^ fur ft^wal oljecl to lay h* Mfl> * of provtuioiM durinff •Irifhini^ tioM, m y«Mi jndp Uwt until yoar otm empt coom roMid : for tlwrt art niMny nmd* wbicli ftrt capital for trafoHiMf <>* ^nnf tbat |»eri foniN*r artiflo I ahall jn«t friva yov a Kkaleb, to MMtivfy your rurionity : but yoa RiiMt ••• It aiada bir itoniv of the old acHtlen, before thore will bo mum t'hanrc of HU(*ctf«dinf^ in tbo operation yourM*lf. Ya« aiv tint to set a caalc etaiNliiiy on one end, and •• |>liu«hoiild contain aix or eight «|uarta. Pine ia the timber preferred ; and a bamly peraon, with no other t«Md but nia axe, will nuiko frnai fifteen to twenty in the day. With an axo, or broad chisel, a cut aereral inchea lonf , and balf-an-incb deop, ia made in the maple tree, ami with aonb a alope, tbat the sap which iaaues from any part will flow out al tbo lowest extremity. A amall pieee of wood, aligbtly lp-ouve »ap in'«|Uin«< llif • imiii^U'nrr of liotwy. iiinl iHH-iinir* iiiii|.i<*»t'«. A liltli* inuri* «il•• known Ity (n-< a^iiiiially (ll'o|i|iiti|r M lilllr on It |iliil«'. llir li|.i*i«' <*| ti kiiilf. ^|^. ; jiihI nh«>ri ill II iv\y iiKihM-iilo, il ImmI'-I Hiiliii ifiilly, it \\\\l ^iv«' Hiiy (•» yoiii* iImiiiiI» nail, uiul Hy < Iimiii oM. 'I hU <- a |Miiiit llial n>i|Mir«>o .illcnliun ; lor, it' lioilrtl rvco tor a oinirt tiliio too mill II, it ^tilliT'* ImiIIi ill taoti' aii'l tuloiii. 'I'llO ^('IMTmI |H'ailh'«' |o, to |MMII' till* roiiliMtU mI till- ki'llli' into II vr«^i'l wtiitli will iiliuw ot ilir Hii^ tr licin^ luniiMl out litter il Itrionic* < oM. If Iiow«>v«m' you |M-t'- fcr Boti NUffiir, it ix only iiii i.>«ionally Mtirring, rmiI yon wilt ilicn lia\«> iiii;;ur re»t>iiiMinff timt tiiiultf Croiu till) i-ani'. Hrxiiii-H «tr:iiiiiii^ tin* *a\i wIkmi Mr«t put into tlio kcttU*. il is wril to hi rain il tllroll^ll h |MOCi* ul' HannrI, att»oiliM| to near tlu* ■tJito ol* iiuiJHMfK'H ; athl it, It lilllt> attfr. yon a«lii for three or four yotun in suuceMUoii, hut after that time it i« u«aal to t»|ft frMh IrtM. CHAPTKR XVII. FtHow-traveller ! we ar« on the point of parting ; mhI, at ir« hart joamoyed lo lung tof^etber, I trust w« ahtUI part good friand*. If you are «o unreaaonable aa to b« ditiatiafted with tb« information 1 have aup- pUad fmk with, do not, I pray yon, get angry; but raatlvo dMt, alUr yoa shall bara spent a saiBcMnt liMa la Canada, ]rl till l>rln^ it ill tii)(<' \u<\ nlii-n uill fti\*' 'lliis H i% veil tiT u III roltnii . (> nt' thi- ; tr ln'iiig you (»r«»- thf t)iii«l ik^ion.illy tliiiff tliiil •>.ip H'luM> lll'oiljjll H m«ai llu* ril, you ffHr t'nMit !«« of I lie* 'iillinr, if too few. u or four luoai to {NirtiDgi ■, I trust rMonabl« lave Mip* fry; but raflcMnt forUH> ■d Mor- ih&f in vi>-u-, — ilial ot iiHoniiii^' ii^cliil iiitMniiutioii to lito**' ul.u intrinl iiiiifrnttinu to tlii« roiiiitry. How fm i hjiv«' .itlttiiioil ilial oli>ii*« t i« aiioiliiT qiii-'itiuii fiitircly. ^^Iio li iIm> |iiilili( aiom- iiiii->t ilci iii<'. ill our toiiior iliapln-, I «-imI« ,i\ ourt'«l to |ii-«-»«>r%f «olii«> iiitily ot kiiliin t ; Iml tiim «li.ill Im* out* ill \vliirli wt' will talk ot tiiiiU aiitl t'ii«l«. aii tlial )oii iiiiulil uiuli l4> ffvt noni** !«l«'a of our iiiii!. lifif, an yoii may [lo^tihly iiuvi* »ome roHii travi'jiiiig. 'J'lir grcatrr iiiimlicr arc kopt hy |M-rM>ii» (loiti ttif .SlatfK, aii'i i ////«>.v iliat you will not iiiiith likf IJM'ir V.iiikri' iiitkii. 'I'lif«i* inn« ntigiit hiiIi niore projiiifly Im* rallii|i|H'r, lliat the ownvra ritic iittii* to 4'ht«'ri.iiu a |:i««iii|^ travelliT, uiileMi Itu rluHMkctt to iiiakf iiDH uiiiotiu till* ul'OVtt motif y group; and if tli<*y iiinM»iiiit« iiim willi a M>|tarnt4' riHiiii hikI Uilili-, iu' will Im; iiUMftf to pay •li'ar for llu* (li^tinrtioii. I'lii' folk wliii « uiigregatt* on tliOKr Oi;ra*ioiit baT«, in Ki'U«*iai, no time for ^Malilv talk;" ami tliii circiini- Mlaine in taken ail vantage uf, botii i>v M^ttioff Ixrfure tlieiii a ((uaiitity of eataiile* jiiHt MuAci«nt fur n«if ll»«i penMiht iirvMnt to devour, — willi a prumie of morr, Tor wliitli iliv iiu«t kiiuwM tfiey rnnout wait,— and alau i»y taking rare to give tlieiii kniveii tiiat would n^uira forty mitiiiltm tu distinguiuli the udge from the btdt. V ou huvu probably iieard a great deal of tbo kindly diii|K>«itiun ot the old i»ettler« toward* the MW w iaa, ana particularly, how they will lio ddigbted al your euming among them — that they wilt aMonUo m matttf uut up a house for you* and clear a few acrot af yoor Iiuid in a twinkling. I belioTO tboy will do all diia — tnivided they expeet you are well tapplied witli iHita* ey, and bread, and pork, and will ae rtadv ta fa to tbem in rttura, wbeaover they ekooaa to eaUoa yon. Indeed, in ny opinion, ike penoa wka woidd a apa c i Mora tkaa Ikia, aiaal ka a poor jadf* ^ ' Tka aldoat lalllan whni voit mm waU jmI oaly kigi — iaf ta atarfa to •trugfla with, and moU ot' tliefii ara ttUl balow that happy point. Now, who wouJd aspect tuch peraona to ba rvry g^nr roos ? Thejr m»y b«* cbaritabla anoogh, that it, if a person reully daatitate tolioita their aid, thay aHll n4»t perhaps rafiiaa it ; lint th*>y will not ietaen their chiloran't roroforts to Nfrve a ktraiti^Hr, who, for asffht they know, niiiy be more ind«*pend('nt than thenno ••Ire*. Let that hunibuf(f^iu|r fellow, Hterna, aay what ha pleniat, bardahipa and privations will chill tha foun- tain of Uheraiity in the human breast — it is religion or proaparity that niisst thaw it. D* yon ask why I hnve not said any thing of tha ■MyuMffa of tW people here ? Bot, pray, who are thaaa MOpla ? Ara they not English and Irish, with a faw Sfl•te%^ and atiU fewer Yankees? Well, than, yon know tka waaaara d tho«e already ; and a few years, MOM or lois, fon hare altared thtm littlo. StilU thara ia oao partiaolor, lo whiah it is int a roi ti ng a w awgh to okaorvo tho atfket generally prodooed on the lowar daaa of aiy eooatrymen, even by a rary short roaidooao io Cmmim ; aad than to contrast thaai with tko fiogliak aettlers. Wkao Pladdy bns cot a boa in Ma ktoio ffo« o hw ckaaaa of wkiakey, he looks dowo oo ovofy oao who IMB aiy«i to ho called a gaotlanMO, witk the utmoat ooacaoipt 8kooM he hare a qaarral with aaak a Mr> b Aii wnhm»B9 to tko— «-! wko iko — i«- awM kksl Huroo't 1 huid, os weU oa ko? Pot- I I ita't oMo^kol it kkm" loopohMi kk of G< wi wi tk bli N. »'" ' "-f 53 of the prm, with more teal or hlUtntm. Oat Mtty called theoMrives Rdbrmen, and tfM oAt, Tra* QoTvraiiMiit Mm ; but the nanMt th«y gavt weh otiMr wert far from being §o compUmMtary. TIm NMdt waa, that, haTing bat one Dewepaper la Gobovtf , sad that one plnjring *U on one iide^ the othe r fUHj eeia* bliehed a ioeoad ; and thaee tw« enllfhtiwi ol Ike Newcaetle Dittriet eontinne abneinf eiidi other to the preaent day, in tnae Btllingtgate at;^ nU IMD. ') < xt,- ^l ■^^^ »•' *%* ■' ^w%*• ¥.^ ■ * 1* ...* • ■*• -tivHm < ^f^.. MKCKM'T roK MAKINCi HAH.M. Till. M-ttitTti li«*rt> make barm from almoKt evi>ry tliiiip-, hut gen«*rully it i^ of nn inferior kind. The hrea'l will he light enou|,;ii, lint acquire some }MH:uiiar >.onr. The following ntethud of procuring yeait will be f'Mind tiiperiur to any other; and I know many in the ohl country who would he glad to avail tbenitelvec of it. In no property, that 1 am aware of, doe* it yield to the best brewery harm. Ik>il one handful of good hop* in four quaita of water, till the former »ink to the bottom. Strain the liquor, and, when blood- warm, add four tablt^spoon- fui« of lirown sugar, and eight of fine flour, — ttirring the irtgredie!it)( well together. Let the veMel contain* iiig them stand covered, lufliciently near the lire to be preserved inilk-«r«nn. The following day, ihe barm can be used ; and, at every time of using, let it be first well stirred. fv*»ry Tin- ' NOTKS, (rtj I p<>rr(Mr(> by n lute pnpfr, u uuifel 1« K*>i"K to im inado between Pro«4 •age tbroogb tb* forest for a cart or waggos, dmw by a pair of oxen, to move along. Wbert oomo in tba wav» tbe operatioii if mmf < otbarwiie quite the reverae. In tbia Itllar «Mb larff trees omat be laid aide hj aidab Mid fin tbar, alMf the intandMl bigbwayt Mi fkm iwwi^ eoMMMi ■MWi waMfi I* wiu wm ;!• ■M: fv:*\ 56 iM the old country. There are eoae of thete bri^ne Ml verv long mid uueTen, f^ « barrel of new oillli would he completely churned, if dmwn over them from one end to tho other. (d) On the ir«t Moadny in Jmnary, the inh»bitantt <»t' a tonrmhip niHMMe together. This it called the Town Meetinf • when they eleet from among them- nelvee a town-clerfc» two ameiMra, a collector, twu tuwn*warde, or chnrch-wardene, a pound-keeper, and MS many path-mattert at they jadge naeeiaanr. Theae Utter call odi the settlen, and tmerintend tnem while engaged in repairing the roads ana hridgne. The^pMM- tity of «« ttatttU lahour,** at it it eaDed, which eaeli ael- tler haa to perform, it ragukted hy the ammwl for which lie it aaaetaed. The meeting mm aleo the power uf panting tnch lawa and regnkmna aa it Jadgaa ad- rantageooa for the g eneral intereat, and whiah do not cUth with any I^tUtire enactmeala. } n--. ' ' .jiU i. t - : IK tMitt ltll« , and Hmm) irlOk I* for Mwtr Mad. Ivmit