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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STRSIT

WEBSTER, N.Y. M580

(716) S72-4503

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32X

VICTORIA
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TORONTO "CALLED BACK,"

FROM IS 9 2 TO is 4;.

ITS WONKKKFIL

GROWTH AND PROGRESS.

WITH 'I'HK DKVKI-OI'MKXT OF ITS .AlAN T FACTf IIINC; I Nl M S TIM KS.
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WITH A BKAl'TllTl, I'OKTKAIT tiF

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AXl) KXGRAVrXG OF HIS KXC'ELl.KXCV I.OIM) S'1AX].KY
OF I'UKSTOX, GOVKUXOU-GKXKKAL.

TliE AVPLOI^K fKOKUHKl^ V II . 1^ U WTiiiik.TE D.

CONYXGHAM CRAWFORD TAYLOR,

{Of llcr Majesty's Ciistoiiis).

THIRD THOUSAND.

T()R(^XT() :

WILLIAM B RI G G S. [PUBLISHER,

\\i;.sLi:v lluii.niNci.s.
1892.

fc ?^^1

dr?

Entered, accorrlinff to the Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand
eight liundred and ninety-two. hy Conyngiiam Chawford Tavloj{, Toronto,
in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture, at Ottawa.

:ar one thousand
AYLOJi, Toronto,

(SnN

HON. JOHN BEVERLKV ROBINSON,

Kx- IJetit.-Oovvrnor of Ontario

w VvvKU Canada),

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PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EOmON.

Personal knowledge and observation constitute the most demon-
strative form of information.

During my visit to Great Britain, in 18S9, \ found that wherever
" Toronto ' Called Back ' " had been read, it received the highest
encomiums. If not for its literary merits, it was appreciated as tilling
a want everywhere felt, as to the information about our beautiful and
prosperous city.

In public libraries, leading newspapers, hotels and public institu-
tions, it was spoken of in the highest terms, and read with expres-
sions of wonder as a revelation of the high position to which
Toronto had attained in a comparatively short time.

These flattering notices and the fact that whole chapters had been
quoted by some of the leading newspapers, have induced me to publish
a new edition, which, while retaining the essential history of Toronto
for forty-tive years, will include full information of the progress of
the city since 1S88, and many new features in the way of illustrations,
which, I hope, will be found interesting as well as useful. The work
in every particular will be confined to Toronto talent, which, I
may say, I felt proud to find was highly spoken of in Great Britain.

0. C. TAYLOR.

35 Grosvenor Street, July, 1892.

■s.

A rcid... i.ioulil sit down to a Ijook, especially of the miscel-
laneous kind, as a well-behaved visitor does to a 'lanquet. The
master of the feast exerts himself to satisfy all his guests, but
if, after all his oare, there should be something or other put on the
table that does net suit this or that person's taste, they politely
pass it over without noticing the circumstance, and commend
other dishes, t'. ^ they may not distress their host or throw any
damp on his s^ — Ern-'nut-''.

The boo .;; j;".: 'a learned work." I say this because my
short ev "i^ , i writer convinces me that " originality " and
" learr 'are . sidered indispensalile prerequisites to author-
ship l^ *. ., critics, even if (especially if) the critics themselves
are not original and learned. I never knew what an ignoramus
I was until I wrote a book, and therefore, I humljly admit that I
am not learned, and no production of mine can bear the stamp of
erudition ; but as learning, no less than originality, is relative, as
a man may be very " deeii " to shallow minds and very learned to
the uneducated, perhaps I may get a hearing and a reading since
the Solomons are decidedly in the minority in these degenerate
days. —Howard McQcearv, in Topics 0/ thf. Tiims.

I have remarked that the true delineation of the smallest man,
and his pilgrimage through life, is capable A interesting the
greatest man ; that all men are to an unspeakable dei^ree brothers,
each man's life a strange emblem of every man's ; and that human
portraits faithfully drawn are of all pictures the welcomest on
human walls. — Car/yle.

IntI

Firs

Ret£

First
(

First

Railv
I

Rossi

Finaii

The I

CONTiiNTS.

the miscel-
nquet. The

guests, but
r put on the
hey politely
id commend
tr throw any

because my

inality " and

3S to author-

9 themselves

1 ignoramus

limit that I

he stamp of

relative, as

y learned to

ading since

degenerate

liallest man,
^resting the

le brothers,
It hat hum Ml

jlcomest on

Introductory — Emigration — Departure for New York — First Impres-
sions of New York — From New York to Toronto

Page.
9-22

1847 to 1857.

First Impressions of Toronto — Shopping — Toronto in 1847 — Gossip —
Street Pavements — Toronto Post Office — Gas and Water Works
—The Circulating Medium— Store I'.iy 23-43

Retail Importing — Wholesale Trade in 1847 — Prominent Men in 1847 —
A. & S. Nordheimer — Lord Elgin — Toronto Police Force — First
Strike Ir Toronto — Immigrant Fever — Bathing— Great Fire on
King Street — Establishment of Celebration of Queen's Birthday. . 44-54

First Retail Dry Goods Store on Yonge Street — Selling on the Sterling
Cost — Business Houses, 1847-1850 — Manufacturers — A Tour of
Observation 55-61

First Return Visit to Europe — Windsor Castle — Commencement of
Commercial Travelling in Canada — Toronto in 1850— Public Insti-
tutions — Prominent Men in 1850 — Bonding System ria United
States — First Great World's Fair — Turning the First Sod of the
Northern Railway— Tariff in 1850-51 62-75

Railway Opening and Steamship Contracts— The Industrial Crystal

Palace — Progress of the City— The Esplanade 76-91

Rossin House and Railroads — Mercantile Agencies— Erastus Wiman

—The Close of the First Decade 91-97

1857 to 1867.

Financial Crisis in 1857— The Desjardins Canal Accident— Royal Mail
" Cunard " Steamer Perna— Decimal Currency and American
Silver— Road to North-West Wanted— Current Events— Visit of
the Prince of Wales to Canada, i860— The Death of Prince Albert
—Buying in Europe— 1860 to 1865

98-111

The Fenian Raid— Close of the Second Decade 112-118

Vlll.

Contents.

1867 to 1877.

Page.

Confederation — Tariffs of England, United States, and Canada, from
1869 to 1876— Metropolitan Church— Toronto in 1870 and 1871—
Return of Rev. Dr. Punshon to England — St. James' Cathedral
Clock 119-132

1877 to 1887.

Protection versus a Revenue Tariff — Exhibition Buildir<?s — Current
Events — The Marquis of Lome and H. R. H. the Princess Louise
—Farewell of the Vice-regal Party 133-141

Arrival of the Marquis of Lansdowne— First Visit to Toronto — The
Semi-Centennial Celebration — Departure of Toronto Troops for
the North -West — Return of the Toronto Contingent — Arrival at
North Toronto 142-148

Toronto the Centre of the Dominion — Toronto Custom House— Custom
House Staff, 1891 — Comparative Imports and Duty Paid by Cities
of the United States and Toronto, for the Year ending 30th June,
1891 149-154

Toronto in 1886 — Meat Markets and Horses of Toronto — Toronto's
Natural Advantages — Toronto a City of Churches — Toronto an
Educational Centre — Indian and Colonial Exhibition, 1886 — Open-
ing Ceremonies — The Canadian Exhibits — Toronto Exhibits— Hon.
Sir Charles Tapper, Baronet — Dominion Day, 1886 159-184

Coi

Mer

May

ii;

1887 to 1892.

Rebellion of 1837— The Queen's Jubilee — Fifty Years' Progress-
Toronto's Loyalty — Celebration in the Dominion of Canada — Cele-
bration in Toronto — Jubilee Praise and Thanksgiving Services —
Jubilee Service in the Metropolitan Church — At the Synagogue — 185-196

Celebration in London — Jubilee Choral Concert — The Imperial Insti-
tute — Governors-General of Canada since 1847 — Lieutenant-Gov-
ernors of Ontario 196-203

Toronto a Musical City — F. H. Torrington — Toronto College of Music —
Jenny Lind — ilrs. John Beverley Robinson and Mrs. Beard — The
Musical Festival — Toronto a Literary City — The Globe — The
Christian Ouardian and Methodist Publishing House 204-223

Free Library — The Manning Arcade— Toronto as a Place of Residence
—Summer Resorts — Queen's Park — Exhibition Park- Lome Park
— Street Traffic — Canadian Pacific Railway— Cathedral of St.
Alban the Martyr 224-234

Toronto Street Railway Company— Commercial Union or Unrestricted
Reciprocity — Arrival of the New Governor-General, Lord Stanley
of Preston 235-242

Deat

"^B

The <
I

P
T
V
P

Contents.

IX.

lada, from

ind 1871—

Cathedral

Page.

119-132

s — Current
cesa Louise

ronto— The
Troops for
-Arrival at

se— Custom

id by Cities

30th June,

I — Toronto's
-Toronto an
l886— Open-
libits— Hon.

133-141

142-148

149-154

159-184

Progress —
lada — Cele«
Services —
i^nagogue — 185-196

perial Insti-
benant-Gov-

196-203

t of Music —
3eard — The

Iflolw— The

Residence

jorne Park

|ral of St.

Inrestricted
Ud Stanley

204-223

224-234

Page-
Imperial Federation— Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald— New

Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario — Hon. Sir Oliver Mowat, K.C. M.G.
—The New Parliament Buildings — Toronto in 1888— Central Posi-
tion of Toronto— Winter of 1887-88 in Toronto 243-251

Trans-Pacific Steamers — New Bank of Montreal— Canadian Railways
— The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada — Canadian Pacific Railway
—The Mail 252-26C

Wealthy People of Toronto — The Empire— C&ipit£]. Invested ^iji^orouto
— Toronto a Manufacturing City — Manufactures in 1892 — The
Marquis of Dufferin and Ava — Meeting in the Academy of Music
—Death of Sir John A. Macdonald 261-27C

Commercial Statistics — Purchases of British Products— Manufactured
Exports from Great Britain — Canadian Imports and Exports, to
30th June, 1891 — Exports from Toronto, the Produce of Canada
— Imports to Toronto, 1891 — Post Office Statistics — Comparative
Increase of Population in Eight Canadian Cities in Twenty Years
— How Canada has Prospered under the National Policy — Total
Value of Canada's Exports to Great Britain and the Unite<l States. 271-27S

Members of the Dominion Cabinet, 1892— Port of Montreal — Shipping
of the World — Comparative Finances and Population of Toronto
in 1879 and 1889 273-275

Mayors of Toronto — Value of Buildings Erected, 1882-1S91 — Foreign
Consuls in Toronto — Toronto Weather Statistics — Churches in
1892— Toronto Water Works— Toronto Gas Works— Toronto Rail-
way Company— Toronto Post Office in 1892— Toronto Board of
Trade— Officers for 1892 276-282

Death of Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale — Toronto in
1892 — Forty-five Years' Retrjospect — Toronto Street Statistics-
Building* Lately Completed and in Course of Erection — Forty-
Eighth Highlanders — Death of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario
— Appointment of New Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario— The
Founders of Toronto's Greatness— The Manufacture of Pianos
in Toronto — The Nordheimer Manufacturing Company, Limited —
Samuel Nordheimer, Esq.— Glenedyth- Mr. Albert Nordheimer
— Octavius Newcombe cfe Co 283-301

The Queen's Hotel— The Red Parlor— Thomas McGaw, Esc).— Mr.
Henry Winnett— Arrival of the Duke and Duchess of Connaught
— Rossin House— British America Fire and Marine Assurance Com-
pany—Toronto Lithographing Company— Oronhyatekha, M, D.—
The Late Hon. John Macdonald, Senator— The Model Dry Goods
Warehouse of the Dominion— Mr. .John Kidston Macdonald— Mr.
Paul Campbell— Mr. James Fraser Macdonald 302-321

235-242

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS..

Page.

Toronto in 1834 23

Osgoode Hall, Toronto 47

St. James' Cathedral, Toronto 53

Windsor Castle 63

Industrial Crystal Palace, Toronto 78

Toronto in 1854 83

Parliament Buildings, Ottawa 118

Metropolitan Church, Toronto 124

Government House, Toronto 132

Industrial Exhibition Grounds, Toronto 134

Union Station, Toronto . . 141

Custom House, Toronto 151

Trinity College, Toror*:o 155

View of Toronto, 1886 158

Salvation Army Temple 165

New Upper Canada College, Toronto 169

Niagara River— B. 'ow the Falls 184

The Thames Embankment and Waterloo Bridge 198

University of Toronto 210

Toronto College of Music 212

The Mail Building, Toronto 218

The Olohe Building, Toronto 219

McMaster Hall, Toionto 221

Wesley Buildings, Toronto 225

Cathedral of St, Alban 233

New Parliament Buildings, Toronto 248

Bank of Montreal, Toronto 255

The Empire Building, Toronto 261

Post Office, Toronto 281

Newcombe Pianoforte Warerooms 299

New Board of Trade Building, Toronto 294

Queen's Hotel, Toronto 302

Rossin House, Toronto 308

British America Fire and Marine Assurance Co. 'a Building 311

John Macdonald & Co.'s Warehouse — Wellington Street View. . . 317

—Front Street View 321

Page.

118

124

132

134

141

151

155

158

165

169

184

198

210

212

218

219

221

225

233

248

255

261

281

299

294

302

308

ing 311

t View... 317
321

PORTRAITS.

Her Majesty, Queen and Empress frontispiece.

Hon. John Beverley Robinson, Ex-Lieut. -Goxernor of Ontario. . . .

Thomas Thompson, Esq

Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D. D

His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales

Hon. Sir Cherries Tupper, Baronet

F. H. Torrington, Esq

Right Rev. Arthur Sweatman, D. D

His Excellency Sir Frederick Arthur Stanley, Baron Stanley of

Preston, G, C. B • ■

Right Hon, Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B

John Harvie, Esq

The Marquis of Dufferin and Ava

James Beatty, Esq., Q.C., D.C. L

Samuel Nordheimer, Ks(j

Octavius Newcombe, Esq

Henry Newcombe, Esq

Thomas McGaw, Esq

His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, L* Ke of Connaught

John Morison, Esq

Oronhyatekha, M. D

The Late Hon. John Macdouiild

J. Kidston Macdonald, Esq. ...

Paul Campbell, Esq

J. Fraser Macdonald, Esq

Pavre.

4
57
167
175
LS3
209
235

241
244

2r)6

266
280
296

2! IS

:m>o

.30.5
306
.310
3I.S
314
317
31 S
.320

■'I

TORONTO "CALLED BACI

"A mail's real possession is his lueiiKiry. In iinihiiiL; else is he rieh ; in
nothing else is he [nxji'. — Alcxaii((<:i- Snnlli.

The four decades embraced in the first edition of Toronto
" Called Back," having now extended to the first half of the
fifth, and consequently requiring additions to the history of the
wonderful growth and progress of the City, many of the
remarkable events recorded in that period, especially those
connected with the reign of Her Majesty the Queen, of which I
was an eye-witness, as well as the account of the Queen's
Jubilee, must be omitted in the present and subsequent
volumes; while, what is recorded, shall be entirely from per-
sonal knowledge.

The history of Toronto since 1847, with that of every
individual mercantile and manufacturing firm is familiar to the
writer; and the reminiscences, originally intended only for
private reference, will be found to contain much which was
never before printed, and only placed before the public at the
solicitation of merchants of contemporary standing, who were
aware of their correctness, and testified to their value as a
commercial history.

Should the ^nd of the fifth decade be reached by the reader,
it will be seen whether the predictions of what Toronto will be
in 1896 shall have been realized.

For some reasons I regret to omit incidents outside of the
history of Toronto, as everything connected with the British
2

ToKoNTo •' Called Back."

Empire is becoming more and more a pai't of Canadian history,
und interwoven with it ; and the astonishing progress of the
Dominion and its increasingly close connection with all the
sister colonies, and the prospect of commercial union amongst
the whole with each other and the mother land, would form
an interesting volume in itself, while reminiscences of travels,
extending over many years, are also a tempting field to enter,
but space will not permit.

There are gifted individuals who, having made a trip across
the Atlantic, and "run through" from Liverpool to Londoa, ther
over the Continent, and perhaps gone round the v/orld in ninety
days, have the faculty of writing so easily, that on their return
home they write a book ; but the present writer makes no pre-
tensions to such literary ability, although, from an average of
travels of 10,000 miles a year, by sea and land, for many years,
materials might be furnished for such a purpose.

One could tell of passages made in nearly all the old Cunard
Royal Mail steamers — the Asia, Africa, Arabia, America,
Ewropa, Niagara and Persia, the last of the ocean paddle-
wheel steamers crossing the Atlantic (the Scotia only excepted);
with recollections of the celebrated Commanders, who had the
proud boast of never having lost a life — Lott, Stone, Leitch,
Harrison, Shannon, and Commodore Judkins; also of the
splendid steamers of the Inman Line, then of our own Allan
Line, and occasional trips in the " White Star; " of hairbreadth
'scapes from rocks and icebergs, of storms and winds, from
the gentle zephyr through all the gradations of ships' "log"
record — light and strong breezes, half gales and whole gales,
thunder storms, hurricanes, and tremendous hurricanes, with an
occasional cyclone, described by a writer as " a magnificent
scene. The whole ocean, from the central speck on which
he stood to the vast '^^anishing circle of the horizon, as one
boundless, boiling cauldron.

" Millions of waves simultaneously leaping in thunder from
the abyss and rearing themselves into blue mountain peaks,
capped with white foam and sparkling in the sunlight for a
moment, to be .swallowed up in the darkness of the roaring

iNTRODUCrOliy.

;!anadian history,
progress of the
on with all the
I union amongst
and, would form
jences of travels,
ig field to enter,

ade a trip across
)1 to London, ther
e v/orld in ninety
it on their return
ter makes no pre-
)m an average of
I, for many years,
ise.

,11 the old Cunard
irabia, America,
he ocean paddle-
a only excepted);
jers, who had the
t. Stone, Leitch,
Ins ; also of the
our own Allan
of hairbreadth
,nd winds, from
of ships' " log "
,nd whole gales,
rricanes, with an
" a magnificent
ipeck on which
horizon, as one

In thunder from

pountain peaks,

sunlight for a

of the roaring

deep the next. A lashing, tossing, heaving, falling, foaming,
glancing rise and fall of li(juid mountain sand valleys, awful,
but ravishing, to look upon."

And then wiight turn to beautiful, calm weather, pleasant
company, music, games, mock trials; .splendid bills of fare — four
meals a day, with every delicacy that money could procure ;
refined society, comprising distinguished statesmen, ambassadors
with their suites, celebrated divines and historian.s, poets and
men of leisure, merchant princes and buyers, representing all
the large mercantile houses, some of the best patrons of the
ocean steamers; also of peonle of all nationalities, English, Irish,
Scotch, American, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Turks,
Spaniards, Russians, and Japanese ; of the hard.ships of the
steerage as well as the luxury of the saloon ; all of which might
make a readable volume.

In the hands of the distinguished novelist, Wilkie Collins,
whom I have heard read from his own works in this city, the
facts with which I could furnish him might be woven into a
romance equal in interest to the " Woman in White."

The inimitable Dickens, whom I have also heard, and by
whose tombstone — which, amongst the numberless monuments
in the Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, in memory of the
great poets, essa3'ists, novelists and dramatists in past centuries,
is most remarkable for its plainness, and without any epitaph
but " Dickens " — I afterwards stood, could have produced out
of the materials a book quite as true to life as " Martin
Chuzzlewit."

Or the lamented Hugh Conway might have given to the
world another volume quite as popular as " Called Back ; " but
simple facts and " a plain, unvarnished tale " are all that are
offered in these pages.

A residence for several years in Lancashire, with an oppor-
tunity of seeing the working of the principle of Free Trade ;
afterwards six years' travelling through the United States, and
sending large orders to be .shipped from England to the prin-
cipal cities, from Baltimore to St. Louis, in the face of a tariff
which averaged 60 per cent., and watching the growth of the

ill

r
11'
II i

I !

Toronto "Called Back."

manufacturing industries during that time; and, in adiliti(jn to
all this, the exj^crience of an importer to Toronto, witli a tariff
gradually increasing from 12^ to 25 per cent., ought to furnish
some valuable information.

But in writing on the growth and progress of Toronto, it is
best to allow everj' person f '^-aw his own conclusions •as to
whether our city has bee efited by the nmltiplication of

manufacturing establishments, as v/ell as to the question of
how far .she is indebted to the present policy for their succe.s,s.

To go over the ground taken by those who so ably and
beautifully described the progress of Toronto in its civic and
political phases during the

SEMI-CENTENNIAL

from 1834 to 1884, would be quite .superfluous. The programme
of the celebration it.self forms a splendid record of the events
which transpired during that period.

The grand tableaux in the daily proces.sions, illustrating the
[•rogress of the city, from the rude and uncivilized to the high
state of refinement at the present time, were most striking and
impressive.

If, however, the growth and progress of Toronto as an im-
porting centre has been given, the writer has never seen it
and yet, in this respect, there are distinct marks of contrast
between the present and the past which are not only striking
but marvellous.

Perhaps, with the exception of London and Chicago, no other
city in the world has made such rapid .strides in the march of
progress, and this it will be my endeavor to show to the best
of my ability.

Passing over early experiences in Dublin, before recorded,
and as the question of emigration shall be rather prominently
discussed, it may not be out of place to state the causes which
led to the writer's choice of Toronto as a place of residence, and
of his C' ming to America in the first place, all of which wil'
appear in the first chapter on Emigration.

Ill
m

Lntuodcctouy.

d, in adilitiim to
nto, with a tariff
ouf,'ht to furnish

of Toronto, it is
:onclusions «as to
luultiplication of

the question of
for their success.
vho so ably and

in its civic and

The programme
3rd of the event>

s, illustrating the
ilized to the high
most striking and

loronto as an im-
las never seen it.
Iiiarks of contrast
lot onlv striking

Chicago, no other
Is in the march of
I show to the best

before recorded,
ther prominently
the causes whicli
I of residence, and

ill of w^hich will

Emigration.

Who should emigrate ? This is a question much more easily
asked than answered. The best answer appears to be, " those
who are obliged to do so."

If this be so, and America has been peopled with those who
have come from every country in Europe, how docs it happen
that there is on every liand such an accunuilation of wealth ?
Was all this acquired by people who came here, not from
choice, but of necessity ?

If so, the possession and use of brain and muscle must have
stood in good stead in the absence of other capital.

And yet the rule is that few, if any, do leave the Old
Country from choice ; and none who are really doing well at
home should emigrate with the expectation of doing better, no
matter what their occupation or profession may be.

But those who are not doing well, who find it difficult, with
an increasing family, to keep up appearances, and find it neces-
sary to make a change, may safely emigrate with a fair pros-
pect of improving their condition.

If these pages should meet the eye of any young man wish-
ing to know about Canada, and Toronto in particular, he may
be able to form a pretty correct opinion of the chances of
success from the facts stated.

No doubt that in proportion to the population the failures in
business in America are more numerous than in Great Britain,
especially if the figures of mercantile agencies can be relied on.

But if a city can grow in wealth and prosperity like Toronto,
in a comparatively short time, as no city in the Old Country
(London always excepted) is doing, it is clear that some vutst
become rich where, on the whole, so much has been accumulated.

There are exceptions to the rule as to emigration. Some do
leave home who are well to do, but have some ulterior object
in the future as to the settlement of their families.

The hope of doing better for one's self in a new country, the
dreams of youth, and correspondence with friends, with the

Toronto "Cali.kd Ijack.

'! I

iiil

!:ill:li;

love of novelty and, pcirhaps, adventure, inlliioncc many youiii:^
men.

Havinu; gained an excellent position by reniaininfr in the
house of Pim Bros. ^ Co., from it.s e.stabli.shment, while about
2,000 younj^ men had come and ^ono, and bein<,' one of the two
who alone remained of the original founders, when we had
decided to leave for America the heads of the firm were in-
credulous at first, but finding our decision was made, the lead-
ing partner used all his persuasion to induce us to remain,
telling us we would "cry salt tears" when we found ourselves
in America.

But all to no purpose, we had determined to find out for
ourselves what America was like.

In the meantime addresses of regret and good wishes were
prepared and .signed by hundreds of our companions in the
business, and arrangements made for a presentation supper at
considerable expense.

The writer, having conscientious objections to these festive
occasion.s, which generally ended in over-indulgence, with much
regret at offending his friends, declined the intended honor,
and all his subse([uent experience has confirmed his opinion
that he a i,ed rightly in his decision.

A volume could be written on this subject. Having heard all
the celebrated temperance lecturers in England and America,
including Mr. John B. Gough and Hon, Neal Dow, also
Cardinal Manning, Sir Wilfred Lawson, Wm. Lloyd Garrison,
Dr. Rees, and a host of others, I can say, I never heard a
statement of the evil effects of intemperance exaggerated, but
have seen instances as terrible as any they have related in
actual life.

Where are the 2,000 young men with whom I associated in
one house alone ? The history of many I know, but cannot enter
more fully into the .subject. When the question of temperance
is growing to be of such intense interest in Canada and in
Toronto, and the future merchants, manufacturers, and bankers
of the city are to take part in the movement, the writer, who
can safely saj' he has come into actual contact with more busi-

'^B

Introductouv.

:c many younj^

iiainini' in the
nt, while about
one of the two
, when we had
e firm were in-
made, the lead-
e us to remain,
found ourselves

to tind out for

ood wishes were
npanions in the
itation supper at

i to these festive
ence, with much
intended honor,
med his opinion

[aving heard all
id and America,

[eal Dow, also

Lloyd Garrison,
never heard a

jxaggerated, but
I have related in

I associated in
)ut cannot enter
^n of temperance
Canada and in
|ers, and bankers
the writer, who
with more busi-

ness younjr men in Groat Britain and America than any other
man in Toronto, gives it as his deliberate opinion, that nothiny
short of total abstinence is a safeguard against evil conse-
quences, whether travelling or at home.

The reception of various addres.ses from societies and friemls,
in a quiet way, wounil up my connection with the beautiful
city, which I have never missed an opportunity of visiting,
when time has permitted, on my business journeys to Britain.

Departure for New York.

"Isle of Beauty, fiuv tlieu well."

On the 17th of March, 1N47, our party of five, and a iimn-
servant who accompanied one of our friends, sailed from Liver-
pool in the ship Shcridav, Captain Cornish, of the "Dramatic"
Line — the other three being called respectively the Gar rick,
RoscAiis and ShhJons.

Not being pressed for time, we had decided to come by a
sailing vessel, and, as far as the writer is concerned, it was the
first and last experience in that line.

When time becomes money it does not pay to roll on the
deep from side to side, in the most beautiful weather, in a
dead calm for days together.

The voyage was devoid of interest and very unlike any of
my after passages in steamers. The cabin passengers were
few, and those of the steei-age had a hard time. The Captain,
beinfj a har.sh man, thour-ht nothing of kickinfj them should
they trespass on the aFter part of the deck, where they would
sometimes lie down to get awa}- from the surroundings of the
forecastle.

Had we been in a hurrj- the passage would have been a
terrible tax on our patience. Now terrific storms, with thun-
der's roll and lightning's fiash — and so vivid was the li'ditninrr,
that from pitch darkness the sea, as far as the eye could reach,
was suddenly lit up so as to appear like an ocean of fiame.
Again followed a dead calm, with a ground-swell so heavy that

1(J

Toronto " Called Back."

iitiic

li,.

in ihe roll the nr)'nyarils would dip in the water; the rolling
so violent that standing was impossible, and many a fearful
pitch took place.

When sea-sickness had done its work anioncfst the steerage
passengers, the natural passion for a tight soon showed itself
amongst our Hibernian friends.

The Munster and Connaught men soon got up a good old-
fashioned faction fight, perhaps to illustrate the beauties of
" Home Rule" on the " rolling deep."

So at it they went, hammer, tongs and shillelahs, pitching
each other down the hatchways, head over heels. Matters
having become serious, the sailors thought it time to spoil the
sport. Handspikes, from " heaving " the capstan were heaved
to some purpose, and the Irishmen soon beat a retreat.

The most remarkable incident of the voyage was having
spoken a vessel one hundreil days out from Ireland, short of
provisions, which were liberally supplied from our ship.

And so twenty-six days passed, and, the land appearing in
sight, we soon arrived in New York.

First ImpressioDs of New York.

" Hiul : C.lumbia."

Our youthful dreams of this city represented it metaphori-
cally as having its streets lined with orange trees and paved
with gold, but this illusion was soon dispelled.

From Liverpool docks — six miles in length and having
twenty-four miles of dockage, with massive gates set in ever-
lasting granite — to the wooden wharves of New York, must
strike the eye of every one arriving there as a wonderful con-
trast.

On reaching the dock over piles of merchandise and emi-
grants' baggage, we found ourselves in a sea of mud. One of
our party, on taking " soundings," reported a depth of twelve
inches in the middle of the street.

On our way to the hotel we were struck with the melancholy

INTR0DUCT(^UY.

;er ; the rolling;
nanv a feavl'iil

st the steerage
[1 showed itself

up a good old-
the beauties of

Uelahs, pitching

heels. Matters

ime to spoil the

an were heaved

retreat.

icre was having

Ireland, short of

our ship.

ind appearing in

)rk.

^d it metaphori-
:rees and paved

tth and having
ites set in ever-
few York, must
wonderful con-

indise and enii-

|f mud. One of

lepth of twelve

the melancholy

appearance of the private streets — long lines of houses, havin^
o-reen outside shutters all closed, without the appearance uf a
rtower-pot, or the face of a chambermaid airing curtains or
lookinfT out, presented a striking contrast to scenes so tamiliar
just left behind, when wall Howers and crocuses were blooming,
and where windows were opened every morning all the year

round.

It being now^ the mid'Ue of April, wo expected s])riiig
weather, and feeling hearty after the sea voysige, enjoyc<l tiie
fresh air. Our astonishment on reaching a hotel was vci-y
great to find the guests crowded round a stove, nearly red hot,
all very grave, ruminant, expectorant and whittling. Our
appearance soon attracted attention, and remarks were made
as to tlie freshness of our complexion (a complimont we could
not truthfully return), and we were informed that thoy "guessed"
(the tii'st time we had heard the word so a()[)lieti) we vvoul<l
not l)e long in the country before we should lose all that high
color. Not at all anxious to adopt the sallow shade, we were
liy no means encourageil, an<l having made necessary arrange-
ments, and feeling uncomfortable with the sickcnino- heat,
rushed out of doors to get relief; and never for the week we
remained in the city did we venture again near one of those
health-destroying inventions.

The stoves and heating arrangements of the present time are
entirely different, and in every way adapted to the climate.

We soon found that to see Broad wav, includiuLr A. T. Stewart's
marble store and Barnum s Musemn, was to see New Yoik.

A. T. Stewart's was very tine in marble, and the insiile
arrangements were very superior, liut the system of doing
business did not appear to us as perfect as that we had just left.

We were struck with the signs of "Dry Ooods Store," "Flour
ami Feed," *' Help Wanted," etc., none of which we had setMi
Itefore, and had to enquire what they meant. We found that
"helps" meant servants, and as there w- re no nuisters, the
term "boss," which we have never yet known the meaniii:,' of,
was used to distinguish what in the Old Country is known
by the other familiar term.

'••)•».

Toronto "Called Back."

ii!

,ii. .

iilill;^!!

(11 i' ;

ililllliil

Itjq

!«!|

On enquiring as to the police, none of that class appearing
to us on the streets, we were told they might be known by the
wearing of a small metal badge fastened to the collar of the
coat, with the stars and stripes and " E pluribus unum" in-
scribed upon it, and further, that no man in the country could
be found to wear a uniform.

This accounted for the entire absence of anything in the
shape of livery on the coachmen.

To wear a livery button or cockade would be derogatory to
the dignity of men who were all equal.

The ladies on the streets were invisible as to their faces, each
having a green woollen Vjarege veil tightly drawn over the face.

The appearance of Astor House illuminated, on the night of
our arrival, as seen from the Park opposite, was very fine.
This was effected by a candle being placed in every pane of
glass in the whole building, and the name ' Taylor " in gas
over the principal entrance. This we found was in celebration
of one of General Taylor's victories in Mexico.

The experience of our first morning at the hotel did not alter
the unfavorable impression of the previous day.

According to our usual custom, our boots were left outside
our doors, pretty well coated with mud, and on taking them in
found them just in the same condition. In reply to our enquiries
v/hy they were not cleaned, we were told, if we re(juired that
lal)or performed we must make a special contract with a person
that they would send ; the arrangement was made accordingly.

The cheery voice of the Enylish chambermaid, as she knocked
at the door and called "hot water, sir," with boots which might
serve as a mirror, l)y the application of " Day and Martin's "
blacking, were all sadly missed.

Breakfast was announced by the ringing of a bell, when we
found what was to us a novel bill of fare. The selections b}
the guests were chiefly in the .shape of mush, buckwheat cakes,
pickles and green tea, while we were satisfied with old-fashioned
ham-and-eggs and coffee. The solemnity of the proceedings
was quite remarkable ; so far we had not seen the shadow of a
smile on any one's countenance. Having got through we found

Introductory.

class appearing
)e known by the
the collar of the
ibus unurti' in-
he country could

anything in the

be derogatory to

I their faces, each
wn over the face.
, on the night of
?, was very fine,
in every pane of
■' Taylor " in gas
vas in celebration

otel did not alter

vere left outside

taking them in

y^ to our enquiries

we re(|Uired that

ict with a person

ade accordingly.

, as she knocked

ots which might

yr and Martin's "

a bell, when we
lie selections by
luck wheat cakes,
Ith old-fashioned
|the proceedings
the shadow of a
irouiih we found

all the other guests had long since disappeared, and then, with-
out giving offence, we gave full vent to our feelings by hearty
bursts of laughter, and the mutual exclamation, "And this is
America ! " How different from all our expectations !

On Sunday we observed in the churches notices that gentle-
men were " not to spit in the pews," and the clergymen during
the .service made free use of ihe "cuspadores."

But "tempora mutantur et nos inidamur in illis." We
have lived to see the millionaires and aristocrats of New York
vie with the " creme de la cr^me " of London society, and the
Central Park equipages, including crests and mottoes, with
livery of every hue, rivalling Rotten Row and the carriage
drives in Hyde Park ; while a four-in-hand coaching club
copies the style, as far as the roads will admit, of the Brighton
Club of noblemen in London.

Touching crests antl mottoes, a story is told of the celebrated
Lundy Foot, manufacturer of the snuffs known all over the
world as " Iri.sh Blackguard " and other remarkable brands,
known only to the writer by enjoying many a good sneeze in
passing the mill near Essex Bridge.

When Mr. Foot first got a carriage, he adopted as a motto
beneath the family crest, the Latin words, " Quid rides l " —
why do you laugh ? On his first appearance, the Dublin street
boys, quick to catch a new idea and enjoy a joke, taking the
words in their English orthography, set up the cheer, " Quid
rides ! Quid rides ! "

The upper ten of New York, no doubt, are more careful in
the selection of their mottoes.

To see New York to-day is to see an almost entirely new
city. Some of the old buildings, as the Astor Hou.se and City
Hall, remain, but the magnificent warehouses on Broadway and
adjacent .streets are unsurpassed in the world, and nearly all
have been built since that time.

A. T. Stewart's tine store was latterly turned into a wholesale
warehouse, and the magnih'cent new marble block, bounded by
lOth and 11th Streets and Broadway and the Bowery, a perfect

Toronto "Called Back."

palace, was opene<l as the great retail house of America, and
altogether the tinest in the world.

The hotels, for magnificence, are of world-wide fame, while
Central Park, Brooklyn Bridge, the great reservoirs at 42n(.l
and 150th Streets, the Grand Central Depot, all so often
describe*], are now striking objects of interest.

The splendid private residences, of oth Avenue especial Iw
are niagniticent in style and tinish.

w
1

Mijijli

From New York to Toronto.

By night .steamer on the Hudson River the travelling was
very tine and comfortable. The steamer Isaac Newton, then
called a tlopting palace, landed us at Albany. The New York
Central to Rochester and Buti'alo was then taken. The rails
consisted of a plain plate I'f iron fastened to the sleepers with
iron spikes. We were informed, that for one of these plates to
start at one end and obtrude itself into the car, to the danger
of life antl limb, was a matter of connnon occurrence.

We escjined this danger and arrived safelv at Rochester,
where, for the tirst time, we noticed frame houses and plank
.sidewalks, with both of which we soon became familiar. Aviiv-
incj, via Buffalo, at the Falls — the station at Buffalo consistinq;
of the open firmament above and the street below — we took up
our abode at the American Hotel, from which we were to mak^
our first vi.sit to Canada.

The ^"e was cominfj ilown from Lake Erie in fjreat masses,
and the only means of crossing was a small ferr^^-boat, which
took passengers across to the landing below the Clifton House.
On inquiry we found that this boat had not crossed for several
• lays, and it was (juite uncertain when any attempt would be
made. The ice became more and more massed, forming the
usual bridge.

Having vvaited for several days, the ice at length began to
move, when the ferrvman asking us if we would risk the cross-
ing, we consented. The ice at this time was floating in large
packs; so off we started, with two oarsmen, and with one foot

^Ww

Introductory.

»t' America, mid

ide fame, while
ervoirs at 42nd
it, all so often

enue especial 1\".

! travellinpr was
Lc Newton, tlien
The New York
.ken. The rails
lie .sleepers with
if these plates to
ir, to the dann;or
[re nee.

at Rochester,

•uses and plank

amiliar. Avriv-

ulfalo consisting

w — we took up

e were to maki^

in great masses,
rry-hoat, which
Clifton House.
ssed for several
empt would be
d, foniunj4' the

mgth began to

risk the cross-

loating in large

with one foot

on the ice and one in the boat they pushed the boat by '-"min
force through. To have lieen carried a hun<lred 3-ai-ds below the
landinf would have sealed our doom, but having worked our
way through we placed our feet for the hrst time on Canadian
soil. Having executed this dangerous navigation we soon
tasted the pleasures of land travelling.

The stage for St. Catharines was .soon ready, and we shortly
found ourselves "at sea" on dry lau'l.

Having driven a long distance on what we tliought was a
field or common, there being no sign of hedge or fence visible,
we enquired when we should reach a road. With a smile of
s If-cornplacency and a look of pity for onv freshness or ver-
d;incy, the driver informed us we had been on the main road
all the time. It so happened that the year before, l)eing the
vuar of the memorable potato famine in Ireland, the Govern-
ment had .spent immense sums in making and repairing roads,
to yive employment to the people, the conseijuence of which was
till- greatest perfection in road-making ; and without exaggera-
tion, the worst road you could find was infinitely better than
any we saw for years afterwards, not excepting the city macad-
amized streets. We soon found, however, timt to mention this
to our driver only subjected us to his contempt.

Our driver appeared to think "the lines" had fallen to him
in pleasant places, and was quite satisfied with the state of
things; while the writer, years after, on hantlling "the lines"
(as Americans say for reins) over mud, slush, old planks and
corduroy, found it incumbent to drive from his memory the
smooth roads, hawthorn hedges, and the beauties of higlily
cultivated landscapes left behind, and think only of farms
without rent, and the real necessaries of life enjoyed so abun-
dantly, in this land where the inhabitants possess truly a
" goodly heritage."

ST. CATHARINES

was reached at length, a:id here we rested for the night, and
the next afternoon started with four good horses in the Mail
Stage for Hamilton.

fllP'
'ifi

fi!i

:i !i

Toronto "Called Back."

To attempt a description of thisjourney as it appeared to us
at the time would only result in failure.

With both hands we grasped the seat to save our heads from
bumping against the top of the conveyance, and many times
when we got into a deep rut we had to use rails from the
fence to pry the wheels out. And so at two o'clock on Sunday
morning, covered with mud and thoroughly exhausted, we
reached Weeke.s' Hotel, the clerk at the time being Mr. Riley,
so long and well known afterwards in Toronto in connection
with the firm of Riley &; May, of the Revere House, now the
Kensington Hotel.

Having been regular church-goers, we were in our places in
the red brick Wesleyan Church on John Street, at eleven o'clock,
and soon found we were on British soil and amongst our own
countrjanen, under the same Queen ana flag. Here we soon
found friends, and myself relatives, the first day, and with the
natural longing for old familiar faces when far away from
home, we walked ten miles to Copetown to see a family with
whom we had been acquainted in Dublin, and were amply
repaid for our visit. Again taking the regular Mail Stage, we
arrived in Toronto, after a tedious ride, and put up at Mac-
donald's Hotel, King Street, then the best in the city.

%Mji.

■K^h..^.

t--(m^

b appeared to us

e our heads from
and many times
e rails from the
'clock on Sunday
( exhausted, we
being Mr. Kiley,
ito in connection
} House, now the

in our places in
at eleven o'clock,
amongst our own
Here we soon
ilay, and with the
1 far away from
ee a family with
and were amply
,r Mail Stage, we

put up at Mac-
Ihe city.

1 ; .
, i

■ : , (

it ;

TORONTO FROM 181T TO 1857,

First Impressions of Toronto,

Our first view from the door of ^laclonald's Hotel, wliicli
stood on the site of the present Roniain 'uuildinos, did not gi\e
us a favorable impression of the town. From near Bay Street
to the corner of York was an immense vacant sjiace tilled with
rubbish, and at the back a dirty lane, now Pearl Street, svith a
few of what we for the first time heard of by the name of
" shanties."

Walking eastward as far as the Market, and, returning to
Yonge Street, proceeding as far north as Queen, we found we
had, so far as business was concerned, seen Toronto, with the
exception of a few wholesale warehouses to the south of King.

Having never seen a view of Toronto, except one which
appeared a short time before in the London Illustrated News,
our expectations were not of a very sanguine character, — that
view repre-^enting the " City " of Toronto something like what
a view of Oakville might be at the present time. Why it
1 should be called a city was something we could not quite
understand, as even towns in Canada lately honored with that
[appellation are far superior in architecture to what Toronto
was at that time, — such cities as Guelph, Brantford and London
having kept pace with the improvements which have taken
place in the intervening years.

Everything appeared flat, dull, uninteresting, and especially
"^ unfij3.:3hed. Not a single point of atUactiveness could we

Toronto "Called Back."

discover in or about the place, although we were quite taken
with the people.

The contrast between the city we had left and Toronto was
most depressing, and grew more n\arked as we viewed the
outskirts. Having letters from friends, we soon found a cordial
welcome to several homes, which went a great way to reconcile
us to the place.

On en([uiry, we found, rather to our surprise, that there were
two churches having organs, something we had not expected
to find : one was in the old Cathedral and the other in the
Richmond Street Wesley an Church.

On being introduced to Rev. Messrs. Cooney and Harvard
by letters, the former took us with pride to see the new church
on Richmond Street, now enclosed in the Wesley Buildings. It
then stood on an almost vacant lot, there being no building
between it and Bay Street.

On entering he pointed with a good <leal of satisfaction to
the fine organ, which stood behind the pulpit at the time. We
attended divine service on the following Sunday, when Mr.
Cooney preached, and were much interested. The musical
portion of the service was very pleasing' and efliective. A well-
known ex-alderman of the city at the present time was leader
of the tenors, and the writer has a distinct .ecollection of his
flexible voice as he glided from tenor to counter-tenor, and
occasionally appeared imperceptibly to run into a falsetto,
which added much to the harmony and contributed very
greatly to the general effect.

We were equally pleased in the old Cathedral. The beauti-
fully composed and impressively delivered sermons of the Rev.
Mr. Grasett were such as should never be forgotten, while the
music was of a very high order.

During the week we had an opportunity of visiting some of
the retail stores, the principal of which were Betley & Kay's,
corner of King and Yonge Streets ; Walker and Hutchinson's,
P. Patterson's, and Walter McFarlane's.

My friend and companion of .seven years, dropping into
Betley & Kay's, was immediately offered a situation, which he

Toronto from 1S47 to 1«57.

were quite taken

and Toronto was
.s we viewed the
on found a cordial
t way to reconcile

ie, that there were

had not expected

the other in the

ney and Harvard
ee the new church
5ley Buildings. It
being no building

of satisfaction to
: at the time. We
5unday, when Mr.

d. The musical
effective. A well-
time was leader

ecoUection of his

ounter-tenor, and
into a falsetto,

contributed very

Iral. The beauti-
rmons of the Rev.
rgotten, while the

f visiting some of
; Betley & Kay's,
nd Hutchinson's,

Irs, dropping into
Ituation, which he

accepted, much to my surprise, as we had not decided to remain
in Toronto at the time ; and here my loneliness commenced.

My destination was Broekville, where I intended to go, hav-
ing a letter from my grand-uncle (and his uncle) to the Hon.
George Crawford, who was to advise me as to my future move-
ments.

The unwillingness to part with my friend, and the unsolicited
offer of a situation, also on King Street, with the desire to have
a rest after so much travelling, led to my acceptance of the
offer, and so we entered on our new career.

To compare the business of King Street in 1802 with what
it was in 1847 could give no conception of the difference which
it may be imagined we found after leaving the business already
described.

The prospect of its being only temporary alone made it at all
endurable, while it gave time to arrange plans for the future,
and get some knowledge of the mode of doing business before
deciding where to choose as a future field of operation. The
want of system in showing goods, the bantering about price,
and the lack of customers, made it tiresome beyond description.

Here we first became ac([uainted with the habit of

"SHOri'INO,"

either for amusement or for comparison of prices before pur-
chasing. The custom was almost universal to iro from Yonr^e
Street to the Market before deciding on what or where to buv-
The common expression was: " We will look around, and return
if not better suited elsewhere." At the same time the anxiety
to press sales was painfully apparent, the offer of a reduction
in price being the principal inducement held out.

This of course led to exaggeration, and often misrepresenta-
tion, and was altogether demoralizing to both seller and buyer.
The few houses named were, I believe, exceptional in this
respect, and were the first to introduce the " one price " system.

In consideration of my previous experience, the principal of
the busine.ss, in which I had made a temporary engagement,

tfjtSi*'

■: !

li ^i

ToRu-NTo "Called Back."

imraediatety took charge of a customer where any deviation
trom the iriarked price was asked, well knowing that on nc
account would I condescend to such a practice.

The arguments of friends to induce us to settle in Torijnto
were drawn more from the absence of the rudeness and incon-
venience that existed before we were born, or the wonderful
future that lay before the city, than from any especially
attractive features the present afforded.

Anmsements and entertainments there were .scarcely any
There wa,>^ the old Mechanics' Institute, where the nresent
police court now stands — then a dirty lane, — where a subscriber
could road books or papers. This, and the auction room of
William Wakefield (now Oliver, Coate & Co.), who, by hi;^
genial humor and English physiognf>my, 'lid all in his power to
entertain his customers, were abinit the only places of resort of
an evening.

And so ^^^nmer came on, and recollections of botanical and
private gardens, parks, squares, delightful suburbs, musit
lectures, literary entertainments, all crowded on one's memory
to make the contrast painful.

Suburbs there were none, except Yorkville, then an embryo
village with a few scattered houses, the best being the residence
of Mr. Bloor, which still remains. As no resident of Toronto
went there except on business, the journey was not often
undertaken.

Toronto business men lived either over their stores, or on
soro.e street south of Queen.

Our first tour of exploration in the outskirts was along Carl-
ton Street from Yonge, then a clay road without houses or
sidewalks. Having got as far as the present Homewood
Avenue, we found a small gate-house, and on entering the
wicket discovered a natural pathway through a thick pine
grove. Proceeding north we reached the house now occupied
by Homer Dixon, Esq., and finding further progress that way,
or egress, impossible, retraced our steps.

Our next adventure was along Bloor Street east to the
present cemetery fence, and thence backwards again; and the>e

ai
da)

Toronto kkom ls47 to IS.")?.

re any deviation
winy; that on no

settle in Tor(jnto
ioness anJ incon-
or the wonderful
n any especially

ere scarcely any
vhere the pi'esent
»vhere a subscriber
auction room of
uo.), who, by his
ill in his power to
places of resort of

; of botanical and
[ suburbs, music
on one's memory

3, then an embryo
leinir the residence
lident of Torontfj
ly was not often

their stores, or on

ts was along Carl-
Ivithout houses or
lesent Homewood
on entering the
igh a thick pine
ise now occupied
rogress that way,

Ireet east to the
again; and tliese

for a time constituted our only recreation i;r«)unds, except the
College Avenue.

In takin<j- a morninjj or an afternoon walk, there was the
absence of many pleasing objects so familiar in former every-
day life. The " wee crimson-tippit "' dowers that covered the
pasture fields like a carpet; the banks of primroses, buttercups
and violets abounding by every roadside; the double line of
hawthorns, whose blossoms perfumed the air with their deli-
<»ious fragrance, and the honeysuckle and wall-flowers in every
-lane ; the meadows, thick with May flowers, all were missed
during this first summer in Toronto. For the hedgerows we
found the unsightly >nake fence, and for the evergreens of
holly, laurel and ivy, the t'vei-lasting, monotonous pines, good
for use but not very ornamental.

The study of this class of " flora " no doubt might be inter-
esting to those who studied the sul»ject from a utilitarian point
■ of view, and the smaller species nnght have been discovered by
an adventurous descent down the ravine to where the river
Don flowed in its native beauty ; and some ferns and beautiful
- wdld flowers might have been discovered, very interesting to
students in botany ; but to the casual observer these beautiful
objects were at that time conspicuous by their absence.

Along Church Street, any summer's afternoon, especially in

a swamp at the north-east corner of the present beautiful

Normal School grounds, could be heard the music of a frogs*

Vconcert, accompanied at a short distance with the tintinabula-

If^tion of the bells on the necks of the cows which roanied

through the browny-green pastures and amongst the thick

bush which prevailed east of Church and north of Queen

/Streets. These sounds were further augmented by the cackling

»of flocks of geese, which, in their amphibious character, had

their choice of both native elements.

The song of the lark, the thrush, the blackbird and goldfinch,
«o familiar before, was no more heard ; the buzz of the bumble-
bee, and the whirr of the numerous insects that abounded in
the bush, being the only substitute.

Apart from its political history, which has been given so

Toronto " Called Back."

repeatedly, Toronto possessed no points of interest beyond
what any town on the shore of Lake Ontario possesses at the
present time, except that she had made a step in advance and
outgrown them in population and trade.

The young- friends with whom we became acquainted, and
whose ideas were circum.scribed by the visible horizon, would
not admit of the superiority of any other place in any respect.
If you spoke of London, Dublin, or New York as great places,
you were immediately met with the question, " Was not
Toronto also a city?" And the statement that she had one
street fort)' miles long extinguished all your arguments and left
them masters of the situation.

When it is borne in mind that at that time Toronto, as far
as intercourse with the outer world was concerned, was far
more isolated than is Regina to-day, it will be admitted that
these young people had a pretty good conceit of the place.

Toronto in 1847.

To give an idea of the general appearance of Toronto at that
time, it may assist the imagination to conceive of all its present
attractions being removed, and all the improvements that have
taken place still unanticipated.

To do this it will be necessarj', commencing with the Island,
to remove every building there at present, leaving the light-
house, Privat's Hotel, which then stood near the present gap,
and two or three fishermen's huts at the West Point.

Crossing the Bay, the whole Esplanade must be taken away,
leavinjx two or three wharves with a racked edfje of staij^nant
water between.

The whole of the railway tracks, with all buildings and
stations, must next disappear.

Coming north, all the block, stone, wood and asphalt pave-
ments ; all the street railway tracks ; all telegraph and tele-
phone poles and wires, except a single line to Hamilton
and Montreal ; all the gas lamps except about a hundred ;
all the electric lights; all the water hydrants except about

Toronto fhom IS-i? to l:^.")7.

•

away,

twelve ; all that are called " modern conveniences," which are
now considered indispensable in every house ; the suburbs of
Brockton, Parkdale, Seaton Villa^a', Riverside, Leslieville,
Eglinton, Deer Park, Davisville and Toronto Junction; all the
streets north of Queen and west of Joiin — leavinu' some scat-
tered houses outside thesL> limits — except Yonge and Church
Streets.

As it is supposed there are at present 4().()()() houses in the
city and suburbs, you must imagine .'i(J,oOO of these taken away,
leaving 8,500 as composing the entire citv at that time. Fron>
these 3,.')()0 you may deduct 2,500 of frame and rough-cast
houses, leaving 1,000 of a better class ; from which again, if you
take 500 two-storey re<l brick, you have '00 w-liich comprised
all the best buildings, including churches, banks and private
residences, the best of the latter being those at present on Bay
Street, and a few detached mansions scattered over the city.

To complete the picture must l)e added tlie absence of every
shade tree — except those on College Avenue — which now adorns
and beautifies the city : every tlower-bed and conservatory, and
in stores all plate-glass windows.

In addition to all this you have to conceive of 170.000 of the
population being left out, and some idea may be formed of
Toronto in 1S47.

At this time only three of the present churches were in
existence : the Power Street Roman Catholic, St. George's
Episcopalian, and Little Trinity. The others that were then
built have either been burned down, or removed to give place
to present structures, amongst which are the St. James'
Cathedral, which has taken the place of the old one liurned in
1.S49, and Knox Church, on the site of the old one burned in
1847.

Not one of the banks or large insurance Iniildings ; none of
the wholesale houses as they now appear; none of the lienevo-
lent institutions, then existed ; and none of the public schools
or colleges except (Jiiper Canaila College.

Front Street occupied the same relati\e position to the Bay
as the Esplanade does at present.

TouoNTO "Cam.kd Back."

Thnre were no huiMings on the south .side except the old
Cnstom ITonse, and only a few scattered alonj^ on the north
side, leavinu^ tlie view of thi^ Bay uninterrupted.

Till re was a sUating-rinl< near where the Custom House now
stands.

Going westward from Yonge Street, on the north side of
Front, wlu're the warehouse of Messrs. McMastcr ^Sc Co. now
stands, was the residence of Judge Macauley ; next that of
Judge Jones ; further west tlie residence of Mr. Joseph Rogers,
and at tlie corner of I^ay Street was the Baldwin mansion.

Whore the (.^Hieen's Hotel now stands Capt. Thomas Dick had
four dwellings; these afterwards were used as Knox College,
and -uhseijuently were tui-neil into a liotel kept by Mr. Swords.

Holland House, in the rear, on \Vellingt<m Street, lately the
residence of ex-Mayor Manning, and afterwards the Refoi'iu
Clul), and which was built in 18')2 by Hon. Henry John
Boulton, ami from its peculiar style of architecture, sometinu s
called " The Castle," was occupied by Mr. IJoulton at this time.

At York Street corner, a picturescjue cottage was the residence
of Capt. Strachaii, ^on of the Bishop of Toronto, whose palace
adjoined, with the entrance on Front Street. This building is
now a boarding-house.

Turning up Simcoe to corner of Wellington you saw the
Haoerman mansion, and returning eastward on Wellin<i;ton, the
little white house lately occupied by Mr. Mercer, standing by
itself at the corner of Bay, where magnilicent warehouses now
stand.

When Toronto was first settled most of the buildings were
erected at the upper end of the Bay, towards the river Don,
and it wns generally supposed that the east end would become
the principal part of the city. As the buildings were extended,
however, they began to creep westward and northward.

The town in its young days was much scattered, the roads
were bad, and conununication betwe(3n distant portions of the
town, at least in certain .seasons of the year, was difficult ; in
consequence, houses of business were started at each extremity,
wliicli, in some cases, realizeil to their owners handsome profits.

Toronto from 1.s47 to 1.So7.

As the town increased tlif footpaths wore improved, business
lu'canie more concentrated, and at this time wn.s almost con-
riiied to the space liotween York' Street and the Market, and it
was doubtful wlietlier, if the best store were removed to either
I'xtremity, it would do a payin;^ l»usiness. The necessary coii-
stM|uence of this state of thinij^s was that the vahie of property
dud rents within the limits mentioned lunl risen enoruiously.

In the aV>sence of street railways the few travellers who had
occasion to I'each the steand)oats in summer (in winter the
stai^es called for passenfjers at their houses) were liudted for
arcommoilation to a few old-fashi(»ned one-horse cabs, owned ly
welbknown drivers, and the number of horses and vehicles of
all kinds was so small as to make it an easy matter for any
iiv|uisitive person to know the owner of every particular turn-
iiut in town.

The only city omnibus at this time was one that ran to
Vorkville every hour, jumI a ride in this was not very exhilar-
iitin;Lf at cei'tain seasons, especially when the frost was breakin*^
up. The jolting was territic, but as few or none of the Toronto
people lived in Yorkville, there was not much travel up or
down.

An hourly omnibus started from the Market to Parliament
Street, but it did not pay and was soon discontinued.

The question of meat beini^ an important one, i^. may be
■stated, from actual experience, that after repeated endeavors to
masticate the beefsteaks, my young friend and myself came to
the conclusion that, having heard that oxen were employed in
the country for ploughing and other purposes, the Toronto
market was supplied with beef from their carcasses after their
usefulness as living animals hai^ departed. The supply of
vesietables was excellent.

Gossip.

The extent to which reganl for local boundaries, customs,
and every-day chit-chat is sometimes carried, can only be
realized in a small town.

ToUOiNTO " CaI,I-KI) liACK."

At lioine, in tliis nook, all life is HvimI uiulcr iiiinuto inspec-
tion of noi^li'iors, and perhaps the unavoi(hihlo supervision oi'
parson ami s(jnir(>.

The lieree li^jit tliat lients upon the throne is not dealer
than that which exhihits tht' yuuiii; man "sowing' iiis wild
oats." Ik' sins untlcr a microsco]H\ and the professional j^^OHsij)
(inds rich material tor the nc.'xt social or tea-party by ])lacinti^
him under the instrument for tlie t^eneral entertainment of the
compajiy, and so thc^ enL,'aijf(Mii('Mt of lovers is diseus.seil as
earnestly as if each jiei'son were personally or directly inten^stcMJ
in the i-esult of evei-y matrimonial arrani^emi^nt.

In IS47 Toronto had not outgrown the haltits which charac-
terize the country town. The <,'ossip which j)revails wdiere
every person knows all ahout the business and social life of his
neie^hhors, was still noticeable, and the absence of all foreign
news, oftener than once a fortni«;ht, ^ave a local character to
the ijfcneral toi)ics of conversation.

Every birth, marriage and death furnished material for dis-
cussion in every fanuly circle, and very nuich as it is on l)()ard
ship, out at seii, the most trivial mattei's were invested with
exatjjgerated importance.

On Sundays, ijenerally, three carriages could be seen at St.
James' Cathedral, and a good deal of rivalry existed between
the owners of two out of three, in the style of tlie appoint-
ments, the coachmen's livery, and horses and harness; their
appearance on driving from cluirch was a standing topic at
almost every dinner-table; the dresses of the ladies comin<j
in for a full share of the criticism, of course of a good-natured
character.

The arrival of the English mail, once a foiinight, created a
pleasing diversion for a time from the monotony of daily life.
The news telegraphed from New York ahead of the mails was
given in a condensed form, in printed "extras," which were
issued by the newspaj^er people ; there being no second edition
of papers as at present.

ToUONTO rUOM ISI-? TO IS.')?. 35

street Pavements.

So Tiiuch has been written on the condition of the .streets ol"
Toronto, that the suhject has hecoine nionotonou.s, and as in
l.S()2 it Htill ccjntiniies to en<,'aL,fe a iar^^e amount oi' piihlic
attention, notliinj^ will he said in this connection IVoiri pi^rsonal
olfservation, the writer preierrin*^' to (juote the d(;scriptions oi' a
few other parties, some of which wei-e written prior to 1.S47.

The first is that of a lady, ten years pj-(;vioii,dy, Mrs. .lamie-
son, wife: of V^ice-ChanceHor .lamiescjii.

This hidy, wliosc name is pleasantly familiar to lovers of art
and literature, was for some tiiiK^ a resident oi' Toronto. Slie
reached tin; city by way of Nev»' N'ork, Alljany iuid <^)ueenston,
towfii'ds the end of I S'JG.

Her husband, then Attorney-Oeneral, had been a rt^sident for
.several yijars, but she arrived une.xpectc^dly, and Ik; was ncjt
there to meet her.

When she ste|)ped from tlie Ijoat her foot saTd\ ardcle deep in
the mud, and tlusre Ixdni^ no cf)nveyance at Imrid she was
compelle(! to walk throu<^h tlie muddy, uninvitino- streets to
her husband's residence ru-ar tlu; foot of Brock .Stre(;t.

It was duriui,' her al)od(! Iiere that she wrote luir " Winter
Studies" and "Summer Rambles." She describe:; the cit}' as
it appeared in winter :

" Wliat Toronto nuiy be in sujnmer I cannot tell ; they say it
is a pretty place. At present its a|)pearance to uk;, a stran^'er,
is most stran;^ely mean and melancholy. A little ilbbuilt town,
on low lan<l at tlie bottom of a frozen bay, with one very ui,dy
church without tower or steei)le, some ^overinnent oHices, built
of starin^f red brick, in the most tasteless and vul<^ar style
imaginable; tliree feet of snow all annuid, and the ^rey, sullen
wintry lake, with the dark ^loom of the pine forest boundinfr
the prospect — such seems Toronto to me now."

As a .set-off' to this despondin;^^ account, she admits that some
of the .shop fronts on Kin^^ Street are rather imposinf,', and
declares, in a patronizing,' kind of way, that the front of Beckett'.s

TouuNTO •' Called Back."

(now Hoopt?r & Co.) apothecary shop is worthy of Regent Stre--t
in appearance.

A few words from Sir H. R. Donnyca.stle, in 1845, may be
given. He ' was greatly surpriseil ami pleased to see the
alterations since 1S.S7, then not one-third of its present size.
Now it is a city in earnest, with upwards of 20.000 inhabitants,
gas lit, with good plank sidewalks, and macadamized streets,
vast sewers and houses of brick or stone. The main street,
King Street, is two miles in length. St. George's church was
built in 1844."

Another writer says : " Few who now stroll down the well-
boarded sidewalks of King Street reflect upon the inconveni-
ences attending this recreation to their sires and grandsires
and granddames, who were compelled to tuck up their garments
and pick their way from tuft to tuft and from stone to stone.

" It was no untisual sight to behold the heavy lumber waggon
sticking fast in the mud, up to the axle, in the very middle of
King Street, opposite to what is now McConkey's refectory.

" The party-going portion of th '^itizens were content either
to trudge it, or to be shaken in a cart drawn by two sturdy
oxen. The fashionable cry then was ' Mrs. McTavish's cart is
here,' and the ' gee up ' resounded as clearly among the pines
and elms as the glib 'all right' of "-/he modern footr^ln along
the gas lit street.'

Since those days the art of photography has been discovered,
and it is not probable that Mr. Eli Palmer — the only artist of
which Toronto could boast in 1847 — could have brought his
camera with the Daguerrean process to bear on Mrs. McTavish's
cart to get a good picture in a conveniently short space of time.

A late number of London Fun thus describes a scene in the
.studio of a photographer in that city :

Mr. Juggins — " Look here, Mr. Photygrapher, 'ow much d'yer
want to take me and the missus and the kids altogether ? "

Photographer — " Well, I could take a carte of you for five
shillings."

Mr. Juggins — " Cart be bio wed ! Stick us in a waggonette."

No doubt Mrs. McTavish would have preferred a waggonette

;

TuuuNTu FKo.M 1847 '10 1857.

a!>o, and had the art attained its present state of perfection an
in-^tantaneous photOL,a'aph could have been taken that would
have been quite interesting.

" A little imnsense now and then
Is rulishftl by the wisest men."

Mr. Win. Osborne — who had left Dublin, in consequence of
the failure of the silk trade, wlien French goods were first
admitted free of duty — was a goo'l specimen of a Dublin gen-
tleman, and amongst other stories about the state of Toronto
streets in former years, related the following, without in any
wav vouching for its accuracy :

A gentleman, walking on the loose planks forming a side-
walk on King Street, espied a good-looking hat in the middle
of the street. Curious to see and pick up the hat, he managed
to reach it, and on removing it, discovered to his surprise the
head of a living man underneath.

This individual at once appealed for help and deliverance,
urging, as a special plea, that if prompt assistance was not
rendered, his horse, which was underneath, would certainly
perish.

The usual mode of extrication by the use of shovels and
oxen was .soon applied, and man and horse excavated.

This being the climax of exaggeration on this muddy ques-
tion, it must now be dismissed.

Apart from the social enjoyments among friend.s — and of those
we had a full share — there was nothing, either in the business
or surroundings, to lead to a preference of Toronto to any other
place, when the world was before us where to choose.

In business, the farmers were always complaining about some-
thing. Prices of produce were too low or too high ; the former
from too good crops, and consecjuent low prices, and the latter
because they had not enough to sell.

The roads were a constant source of complaint, which
appeared to be natural from our little experience of mud and
ruts, and when winter came on they generally had either t( o
much snow or too little.

:'!

Toronto "Called Back."

Those leaving home in sleighs, fifty or sixty miles back,
found bare streets, and had a hard time to get back to sleighing

again.

As my friend and myself had never heard complaints of
roads before, this topic became terribly monotonous, and the
same remark applies to the prices of produce, although in
Toronto a trade of the greatest importance.

There was the prospect of trade increasing Iry the growth of
towns and villages outside, and the facilities for transport by
water navigation in sunmier; but as railroads were not thought
of, and there was neither steam nor water power, except what
CDuld be got in the Don river for the latter, and by importing
coal for the former, little was said of manufactures, and the
prospect of their establishment was exceedingly dull.

The prospect of the growth of Toronto — from the two facts
of the great agricultural country at its back, and the harbor
and water communication in the front — led to a decision, and
within a few months of arriving in the country the writer was
in communication with friends in England with a view to
importing a stock of goods, which was successfully accomplished
the next year.

Information as to Toronto in England was not very flattering.
A gentleman hatl a servant-maid whose brother had enlisted in
a regiment which was subsequently ordered to Canada. While
quartered in Toronto, the young man took to himself a help-
mate, an Anglo-Canadian, who afterwards returned with him
to England. On his arrival at home his sister paid him a
visit. On her return her mistress asked her if she had seen her
new sister; she replied in the affirmative, adding, "But Lor',
mum, she's not very dark. I thought she'd be black."

As an example of the accuracy of description, Mr. R. Mont-
gomery Martin wrote about this time: — "The country bordering
Lake Ontario is well wooded ; through the numerous openings
the prospect is enlivened by flourishing settlements, the view
being extremely picturesque along the White Cliffs of Toronto, (!)
heightened on the north by the remarkably high land over
Presque Isle, called the Devil's Nose."

Toronto from 1847 tu 1857.

The Toronto Post Office.

In 1847, and up till 1852, the whole business of the Toronto
Post Office was transacted in a small building on Wellington
Street, where the present Imperial Bank now stands. The
delivery office was a room about 20 x 40 feet, and the distribu-
ting room was an old cellar-kitchen some 20 feet sijuare.

The staff up to 1850 consisted of a postmaster, three clerks,
and a letter carrier. The postmaster was Mr. Charles Berczy,
and the clerks, John Armstrong, Christopher Walsh and W, H.
Pearson (now manager of the Consumers' Gas Co.), who suc-
ceeded Geo. H. Wilson, the present accountant of the Bank of
Montreal, in 1847.

John McCloskey was letter carrier, and a charge of one
" copper" was made on each letter delivered by him.

At this time, and up till 1850, the English mails were only
delivered fortnightly — by stage from Halifax in winter, and
partly by steamboats in summer. The rate of postage on
English letters was Is. 2kl. sterling, or Is. 4d. Halifax currency
(about 27 cents); the postage to Halifax was 2s. l)d. ; Quebec,
Is. 6d. ; Montreal, Is. 2d. ; Kingston, 9d. ; Windsor, lOM. ; the
lowest rate being 4id.

In 1850 there were only about 400 boxes in the Post
Office.

Postage stamps were at this time unknown, and the postage
on paid letters was written in red ink, and on unpaid in black.
In 1851 the uniform rate of postage was adopted, an- 1 postage
stamps introduced.

The only visible representative of Her Majesty on ordinary
occasions was either Mr. Walsh or Mr. Armstrong;, who for the
time being combined in themselves the offices of receiving,
delivery and enquiry clerks ; and as every letter must be taken
to the Post Office, these gentlemen were known to every man,
woman and child in Toronto and Yorkville who ever pasted a
letter.

The arrival of the EnglLsh mail, once a fortnight, broke in on

■Ml,

i ,.

t'h'i' t

lit ■ •}

Toronto "Called Back."

tl Hj Usual inunotony, and brought a rush to the wicket, from
which the delivery, Ix^th general and {)articular, took place.

Up to 1.^51 tlie Post Oilice Department was under ihe control
of the Imperial Government, which was represented by ^Ir.
ytayner, but at this time, almost simultaneously with the intro-
duction of the bonding system through the United States, the
business was transterrt"' to the Canadian Government, and the
mails began to arrive once a week, via Boston and New York
alternately. These mails were conveyed in charge of conductors,
of whom there were three — Messrs. McNamee, Malone and
Magillivray — two taking the mails to above ports respectively,
and o'.j extra to supply in case of need. The conductor taking
the outgoing fuails, waited at his port for those coming in, and
this system continued for many years. During Mr. Malone's
time of conductiii<f the mails a circumstance occurred, illustrating;
the economy of the Government at that day.

The writer, in company with Mr. John Kay, Mr. Patrick
Hughes and three others, on our way from England, accom-
panied the mails from Boston, arriving at Suspension Bridge on
Saturday night too late to connect with the train for Toronto.
Feeling anxious to get home, instead of staying over Sunday at
the Bridge, we telegraphed for a special train to meet us at
Hamilton ; the charge to be forty dollors.

On arriving at Hamilton we found an engine and one car all
ready, and took on board Mr. Malone ind the English mails,
with a Roman Catholic clei-gyman who wished to get to Toronto
w^ith us. To this gentleman we ottered a free passage, but
hoped to receive from the Post Office authorities a share of the
cost of the special train. The trip was made within an hour,
perhaps then the " fastest time on record." On the following
Monday one of our party waited on Hon. Mr. Foley, Postmaster-
General, stating the case, and asking for the proportion of the
expense for carrying the mails ; his reply was, that the letters
would have been in quite time enough for the merchants on
Monday morning by first regular train. He did not even con-
>ider that Mr. Malone would have had to pay his expenses at a
hotel over Sunday, and so we had to pay the whole bill.

T(jU()nto from 184-7 TO 1857. 41

Toronto Gas and Water Works.

In 1S41 Mr. Jaiiies Cni[)pt'r had been brought out frfun
London by Mr. Furness, and in the same ship were imported
the gas and water pipes to commence the supplying of the city
witli these two ^n-eat recpiisites.

In 1847t]icre may have been altogetlier about 100 ;^as himps,
and at this time the Consumers' Gas Co. was establisluMJ, on the
principle that tlie consumers, by taking up the stock, would
themselves get all the benefit. Mr. Henry Thompson sold all
the shares, the writer being one of the first to subscribe. Since
tliat time the success of the Company is well known.

The water supply wiis very imperftct, especially in case of
tire, and even up to 18.')0 n(j arrangement had been made to
keep the city furnished with a constant and adeipiate supply.

The licensed carters were compelleil under a penalty to attend
all fires, for tho purpose of conveying water from the l)ay in
casks.

As the first who arrived was entitled to two dollars' reward,
these men were in the habit of filling their casks at night, and
carting them to tlieir own houses so as to be ready for a race
at the fir.st sound of the fire alarm.

It was very remarkable, that about this time scarcely a
Siturday or Sunday night passed without a fire taking place.

Some said they occurred opportunely on these nights, because
everybody was at liberty, and the firemen being volunteers,
their occupations were not interfered with ; while others went
so far as to say that tlie very love for excitement, in some way
to relieve the monotony that prevailed over everything, ha<l led
to the wilful acts of incendiarism, which undoubtedly took
place, but wddch were all overruled for the growth and general
improvement of the city.

The fire brigade in 18.")0 consisted of Hour engine companies,
two hook and ladder and one hose company' ; Mr. Ashfield
being then the chief engineer.

The old hard engines were not very powerful, and when tlie
4

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'■ ii

i i ;
ii i

)li

Ufl

\' 9

W\ i|

TuiioNTO "Called Back."

Hrenion ^tcw tired at the puin|)ini,f, the hiw eoinpelled any
bystanders to "lend a hand;" while many were willinj^, many
more could be seen takinir their departure when there was a
j)r()spect of a " draft " for active service.

There were some remarkable instances of destruction of pro-
perty, one of which the writer distinctly remembers.

A fire took place in a frame building on Kin<^ Street, one
door from the corner of Yonge, then occupied by Messrs. Betley
& Kay. The Hames from the wooden building were driven by
an easterly wind into the millineiy and mantle room over the
store of Betley & Kay. On the arrival of the firemen the tine
windows were immediately smashed in with axes, when the
door might have served as well, and when the fire was extin-
guished it was found that a nund)er of fine silk velvet mantles
had been placed at the door of the room to pi'event the water
from spreading to other parts of the building.

The Circulating Medium.

In the house I had ju.st left the daily ca-sh sales averaged
£1,000 sterling. This amount was taken in five cashiers' desks,
by boys under .sixteen years of age, and the rapidity with which
the change had to be given may be judged from the number of
cheques handed in from about four hundred salesmen.

The coins were farthing.s, half-pence, pence, sixj>ences, sliil-
lings, half-crowns, crowns, half-sovereigns and sovereigns

Farthings were strictly charged on all amounts to 2s. Gd., and
no salesman could omit them at 2s. 5|d. The desks have fre-
quently been swept out to find a missing half-penny, as every-
thing must balance. There being no Canadian Silver Currency
at this time, the process of making change out of what was
technically called " specie " was a perfect study. There were
Mexican and United States dollars and half-dollars ; United
States ()l, 12i and 2.5-cent pieces ; English sixpences, .shillings,
half-crowns, with a miscellaneous assortment from every other
country.

Coin and bank note directors were used in every place to

any
a any
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b, one
'.etley
in by
er the
le tine
m the
estin-
lantles
water

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which
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lat was

e were

United

lillings,

other

llace to

TOUONTO FROM IS-i? TO 18')7.

ascertain the value of the coin and the sjfenuineness of hank
note-*, especially those from the United Status.

As each had to make his own chani^e in the absence of a
cashier, this was found to be a work of great ditliculty, to know
when a York shilling ceased to possess that value by reason
of aV»rasion or defacement and became a 10-ccnt piece, and in-
volved many a dispute; and the same with all the other coins.
In payment of a debt the Mexican dollar would go for on. Id.,
or SI. 02, but in independent trading it was just !?1.

Anyone visiting New York at this time, and buying a news-
paper, if he gave a good 2')-cerit piece would generally lose in
change, through the manipulation of the boys, from one to four
cents, just as the boy happened to have more or less of the
small coins. Toronto had no newsboys at this time. As fc^r
coppers, I have no doubt a great many brass buttons found
circulation just by flattening the shanks. This state of things
continued more or less for years, till the' Decimal System was
introduced by Act of Parliament, and the present silver coinage
issued.

Previous to this all whole? de or importing accounts were
kept in sterling for French and English accounts; Halifax
currency, or 84 to the pound, for Canadian, and in dollars and
cents for the United States.

Store Pay.

This kind of business was on the whole more agreeable to
salesmen than the sj'stem of cash sales.

Every builder or contractor made an arrangement with the
various trades and stores for a line of credit, by which they
could pay their workmen as much of their wages as possible
with the smallest amount of cash.

Orders were given on the .stores, and mechanics' wives went
to make their purchases, carefully concealing their written
" orders " as long as the knowing salesman failed to draw out
the fact of their existence ; the object of the caution on the part
of the frugal housewives being to ascertain the " cash " price of

!!■

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1 '

V ^

III

■ Mi

i'^'

' '1

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4-t

Toronto "Called Back."

the sfoods. If the "cat wns let out of the bag" the salesmen
at once " stood at ease," knowing well that the customer had
no alternative but to take out the value of the order. A few
immigrants, in perfect innocence, would present these orders
at once, much to the satisfaction of the salesman.

Tlie block of buildings known as Ritchey's Terrace and
other lar^e buildings, including churches, St. Lawrence build-
ings, etc., were largely naid for in this way.

The time of "strikes ' had not then arrived, the supply of
lalx)r was always fully equal to the demand.

•?i

Retail Importinj^.

The only retail importers of dry goods at this time were Mr.
Pater Patterson, who occupied a portion of the present premises
of Messrs. R. Walkor & Sons, and was .supplied direct hy
Messrs. Heron & Dickson, of Glasgow, who had arrangements
to supply not more than one house in each principal town in
Canada; and Messrs. Walker dsi Hutchinson, who also had
arrangements for getting their goods direct from Great Britain.
Nearly every dry goods firm, as well as hardware and others,
called themselves importers, and had the term on their signs.

This importing, however, was not direct, but was carried on
through the wholesale 'lOUses to whom they gave their orders,
which were sometimes delivered in the original packages. In
this way, in after years, we impoted almost every class of
goods to order, including jewellery and fancy goods for one of
the present leading jewellery houses on King Street, raw furs
for manuFacturing, oil paintings, fire-arms, fancy stationery,
ami, in fact, any class of goods for which an order was given.

Wholesale Trade in 1847.

In 1S47 the wholesale dry goods trade was entirely confined
to Yonge Street, south of King.

First came Mr. Wm. McMaster, where the Domini(jn Bank
now stands ; next was Mr. John Robertson's warehouse. At the

TOIIOXTO F110.M lS^j'7 TO 18o7.

corner of MelinJa Street, where the new Globe buiklin^ now
stands, was the old red brick store of Messrs. Ross, Mitchell
& Co. ; a door or two farther south Mr. W. L. Pcrriu occupied
a plain brick buildini^f, antl below Wellington Street were
Messrs. MolFat iki Murray, and Messrs. Bryce, Mc.Murrich iV Co.
On the east side, north of Wellington, was the wai'ehouse of
Messrs. Bowes & Hall, and these comprised the whole of the
dry goods warehouses at that time. There being no houses
exclusively in the millinery trade, that was done by the same
houses.

The wholesale grocery trade was represented by Messrs. F. &
G. Perkins, Mr. A. V. Brown, and Whittemore, llutherford vs: Co.

There were no exclusively wholesale houses in the; hardware
trade, nor in earthenware, jewellery, hats, caps or fin-s. The
oldest house in the latter trade is that of Mr. James H. llogers;
the business having been established by his father in 1S15.

The large block at the corner of King and Toronto Streets
was, in 1847, the finest wholesale house in the city, and was
occupied by Messrs. Whittemore, Hutlierford & Co. as a whole-
sale grocery warehouse, and afterwards they added dry goods,
being the only house in which both classes of goods were com-
bined. This site is now occupied by the Quebec Bank, thereby
removing one of the most prominent of the old landuuuks of
the city.

Prominent Men in 1847.

Amongst the prominent men to be seen on King Street in
1847 was the Right Reverend John Strachan, Lord Bishop "1
Toronto. Although small in stature, his lordshij) was dignifiod
in maniu'r, and conunanded universal respect.

Mr. Peter Brown — father of Messrs. George and Gordon
Brown — was a gentleman of venerable appearance and much
respected.

The Messrs. Ridout Ihothers, hardware merchants, l\lr. Bice
Lewis Mr. John Harrington, and Mr. T. 1). Harris, all in the
same business, occupied prominent positions as business men.

I .''

T-OBONTO "Called Back,'

Mr. E. F. Whittemore, of the firm of Whittemore, Rutherford
&i Co., took an active part in every benevolent and philan-
thropic enterprise, and was distinguished for his temperance
principles.

Mr. Hugh Scobie, proprietor of the British Colonist, was a
man of commanding presence and universally respected.

A. & S. Nordheimer.

In 18-i7 this firm occupied premises on the north side of
King Street, nearly opposite their present establishment.

The senior partner, Mr. Abraham Nordheimer, was an accom-
plished musician, and it was quite a treat to witness the
enthusiasm he displayed when exhibiting the fine points of the
instruments to intending purchasers.

Mr. Samuel Nordheimer undertook the outside work, travel-
ling a great deal, and to this firm is due to a great extent the
credit of having educated the taste of the people of Canada up
to its present high musical standard.

Prior to this time, if an Old Country family had brought
out a piano, although not of the most modern style, they were
supposed to have belonged to the becter class of society at
home ; but even these instruments were few and far between.

It was on Mr. S. Nordheimer's journeys, between Toronto
and Montreal, that the writer first became acquainted with him,
and soon found that by his universal courtesy, polished man-
ners and pleasing address, he was winning golden opinions, not
only in the towns and cities, but amongst the better class of
farmers ; and the firm being sole agents for the Chickering &;
Stodart, and Dunham pianos, soon succeeded in placing a large
number of these instruments in the liands of the better class of
people all over Canada. The fame of the firm is now as
extensive as the Dominion, and their success has been as great
as their highest ambition could have desired.

In the chapter on "Toronto as a Musical City," reference
will l»e made to their successful eflforts to induce the first-cla.ss
musicians and vocalists of the world to visit Toronto, when it

ii."

1 him,
man-
ms, not

ass of
rinjT &
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ass of

ow as

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hon it

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ToiioNTo " Called Back."

■•s:

was liltle known, and had few attractions t'or these great
artists; but the intlucnce of Me.s^sr.s. Nordheimer — through
their connections in Europe and the United States — overcame
all dilHcult'cs, and to them is due, from the citizens of Toronto,
a debt of gratitude for many a musical treat dui'ing the pa.'^t
thirty -live years.

Lord Elgin.

In January, 1847, Lord Elgin — two months after his second
mai-riage to Lady Mary Louise Lainbton. daugliter of Lord
Durham — sailed for Americ.i in the Cunard steamer II. crnia,
and encountered unusually rou^j^h weather, the vo\'a:ji;e bein*x
most uncomfortalile. They arrived at Halifax on the 20th,
intending to proceed to Montreal by way of Fredericton, but the
C(;ndition of the roads was not suited to such an undertaking;,
so they re-embarked for Boston, arriving on the i^oth. They
set out for ^lontreal the following: morninrj, and reached their
destination on the 20th, three days' journey, and took up their
aliode at Monk lands.

He was young and healthy, and could work eighteen hours a
day ; ])0>sessed an amiable temjier, and always a |)leasant
demeanor, and did not consider it derogatory to his dignity to
walk t(^ church.

In L'S49 the Rebellion Losses Bill was assented to, and riots
occuried in consetjuence in Montreal. After this the seat of
Uuvirnment was removed to Toronto, in LS5().

Lord Elgin was very popular in Tonmto, and his levees were
always well attended. During the summer of that year he
gave a file chamjtetre at his residence, near where the Central
Presbyterian Church now stands, and as the view as far as
(,^)ueeu Street was almost uninterrupted, the entertainnii'nt was
as pleasant as the name was appropriate. The writer has a
]ileasant lecollection of a cordial greeting and a hea'"'y shake
of his hand on that occasion.

The garden paity given by Ex-Lieutenant-Govcrnor Robinson,
on the occasion of the visit of the nuMubers of the Biitish

TOIIONTO FROM 1847 TO l«o7.

4i)

Association, in 1885, showed by the surrouRtlings the va.st
iiuproveiuent that lias taken place since that time.

The beauty of the irrounds which surround the present
Government House, with its luxurious i'uiniture, and conserva-
tory, frajjjrant with the perfume of rare exotics, contrasts in a
strikinii manner with former tnnes.

Toronto Police Force.

There were about a (h)zon of policemen, having as a chief
Mr. Samuel Sherwood. The chief, being a quiet, good-natured
man, did not insist on any strict regulations as to the (hess or
discipline of the men.

They wore a sort of uniform, but without uniformity, except
in one respect — they were uniformly slovenly. Day M .Martin's
blacking and white gloves were not considered at all nccussary ;
the latter had not come into fashion, and, as to the former, the
men might say as to their boots what was generally said as
to waggons and carriages, that if the mud was taken oil' they
would l)e just as dirty in a short time again.

It could not be wo.idered at, th=it in a city so celebrated tor
mud as Toronto, the buggies were allowed to remain fur
months in a dirty condition, when only a short time ag(j
London Punch gives a conversaiion between a tourist in the
Hiudilands of Scotland and his hostler. The tourist savs, "Why
haven't you cleaned my carriage, as I told you la.st nights"
Hostler — " Hech, sir, what for would it need w^ashing f It will
be just the same when you be using it again."

There was not much improvement in the Police Forct- till tlif
appointment of Captain Prince, who, by the introduction of a
semi-nulitary st\-le of discipline, brought about a c;)mi)lete
revolution in every resi)ect, not only in the dress and dis-
cipline of the men, but in the selection of a superior class, both
as regards physi(iue and intelligence, forming in a short time a
body of police equal to that, of any city in the world.

The best men selected were from the Ir'sh Constabulary, who
had been drilled at the barracks in Phd-nix Park, Diiblin.

I' J

Hli

.,i<

[(■i|

I--

ill

ToRo>'TO "Callkd Back."

II f<«"'i
V

First Strike in Toronto.

In 1847 the first sewing machine was introduced by Messrs.
■Walker & Hutchinson. The tailors in their oinploymeut,
regarding this innovation as contrary to all their time-honored
ideas of the manufacture of clothing, at once rebelled.

Had not the old needle been used by hand since the .fig-leaves
wei'e made into garments in the Garden of Eden ? Then why
should a new-fangled machine be invented to supersede the
ancient system ?

The machine was only in use a few days when Messrs.
'.ralKer Si Hutchinson, finding it so objectionable, agreed to
discontinue its use, and handed it over to their men to use it as
they thought proper.

A day was appointed for the display of their triumph over
machinery, and the discarded machine v^'as exhibited on King
Street, in the centre of a procession of the workmen, after
which it was returned to the manufacturers in New York.

The firm, in order to remove every trace of dissatisftiction,
treated the men to a banquet, given the same evening.

Immigrant Fever.

The effects of the potato famine in Ireland were painfully
visible in the appearance of the immigrants arriving by Que-
bec during the summer. It was estimated that 24-0,000 had
die! from starvation in Ireland. It was not that the people
who had the tiieans failed to stretch out the hand of charity.
Wonderful acts of liberality and self-denial occurred, but the
whole means of Ireland were inadequate to support her desti-
tute poor.

The British ships were too few to carry over the provisions
necessary to save human life. Then every English heart, while
looking with terror at the future, throbbed with sympathy
for their dying brethren, and the relief distributed was received
with the liveliest gratitude — the writer's brother, l:)eing one of
the "relief" agents appointed by the Government, related

I - 'ii

Toronto from 184-7 to 1837.

many instances of a most touching character in his district and
towards himself personally.

Enormous sums were subscribed to relieve the distressed.
Noble and fearless men ventured into the haunts of famine and
distress, and examined the evil before trying to remedy it.

In the hour of calamity all ditferences of creed wore laid
aside, and the Roman and English priests met at the bed of the
dying, joining in administering temporal and si)iritual aid to
the sufferers ; and, by a kind Providence, a tine summer and
better crops gradually brought about a better state of things.

The late Hon, W, E. Forstcr, when a young man, represented
the Society of Friends in Ireland during the terrible famine,
and his services as a distributer of relief earned for him the
love and gratitude of many a suffering soul, though it was his
strange fortune forty years later to be regarded as the worst
enemy of Ireland.

When the world was horrified by the Phcienix Park murders,
it came out on the trial of the assassins that Mr. Forster had
been selected as another victim, so that, notwithstanding the
respect and veneration with which the young Quaker had been
regarded by the peasantry while engaged in the merciful work
of relieving hunger and soothing the pillow of death in 184G,
yet the same peasantry held the kind-hearted, though firm and
blufi' Chief Secretary in utter execration, and taught their
children to curse him as the representative of blood-and-iron
tyranny.

As the result of imperfect nourishment and other causes, the
emigrants who left for America were decimated by ship fever,
and hundreds were buried at Grosse Isle, below Quebec, who
died on board the ships or at the quarantine station.

There were many cases in Toronto, and in attending these
Uishop Power and Dr. Grasett contracted the disease, from
which thej' both died, while faithfully and fearlessly discharg-
ing their duties.

'Vl !'l

• I,

! i

i s:

i. !

Toronto " Called Back."

Bathing.

Before the Esplanade was formed a favorite place foi ; swim
was o(i" Ptees' wharf, nearly opposite the rarliainent Buildings,
and other (juiet spots along the shore of the Bay.

Here, on a fine simimer's morning, many of the leading mer-
chants and clerks from King Street might be seen indulging in
the healthy exercise. The only restriction was as to time, there
being none as to dress. No person was allowed to bathe after
seven o'clock, before which time it was perfectly legal.

By those of us who had been accu-stomed to "disport beneath
the crested wave" on the Atlantic Coast, i?i iiuria nataralihas,
the privilege was highly appreciated and enjoyed.

One morning the writer chose a spot in front of the Com-
missariat Depot, which was always guarded by a sentry, who,
with fixed bayonet, "walked his lonely rou.:id " in front uf his
box. These sentries appeared to be authorized to enforce the
rule as to time.

Not knowing it was past seven o'clock, I had (juite prepared
fur -i dip, when the sentry advanced a few paces, and^ in a very
decided tone, said if I went into the water he " would do his
duty." Not liking the look of the cold steel, and thinking that
in this case discretion was the better part of valor, I cjuickly
dressed, and apologizing for having mistaken the hour, beat a
retreat.

Great Fire on King Street in 1849.

This fire originated eastward of the Cathedral, and sprea-l
rapiilly as far us Jarvis Street, and northward to Adelaide, then
across to the old City Hall and market, all of which M'ere
speedil\' consumed. The Rectory of St. James escaped, but the
Cathedral, taking fire from some sparks which lodged on the
spire, was entirely consumed. One bucket of water would have
extin^wished it when first discovered, but there was no way of
reaching it, the fire hose being quite inadequate for the pur-
pose. The writer distinctly recollects the falling of the spire.

*9s

ST. .TAMES CATHEDKAL, TOKONTO.

,;M.'!;=

i ':!

'.•4

•!■

<ii

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Toronto " Called Back."

When the hre had done its work, and the crash became inevit-
a))le, it was supposed the spire would fall outwards, and the
spectators kept a long way otF, when, to the surprise of every
one, it fell almost perpendicularly, top foremost, the vane on the
top striking the Hag at the front door. The buildings on the
opposite side were badly scorched, but escaped destruction.

Establishment of Celebration of Queen's Birthday.

To Toronto belongs the honor of having first inaugurated
this celebration.

In the year w^hen every throne in Europe was shaken, when
Louis Philippe and his illustrious Queen were driven by the
mob from the Tuilleries, and every vestige of royalty on which
the latter could lay their ruthless hands was destroyed, and
when in disguise the royal pair escaped to England as a haven
Of refuge, never did our noble Queen sit more firnuly on her
throne ; and the feeling of loyalty appeared to be intensified by
the surrounding contrast.

At that time it was proposed to celebrate her birthday in
Toronto, but it was not till the follov/ing year that it was fully
kept, and shortly afterwards it was made a legal holiday, other
cities having taken the matter up and followed the example set
by Toronto.

In 1850 ^fonsieur Napheygi, Secretary to the celebrated
Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot and orator, who had
visited Toronto, assisted in the celebration of Her M-njesty's
birthday by a grand display of fire-works in front of the Par-
liament Buili'ings.

First Retail Dry Goods Store on Yonge Street.

Up to 1849 the retail dry goods trade was confined to King
Street, and to a very limited portion of that street.

The on!}' dry goods sold on Yonge Street were in connection
with groceries, in a store kept by Mr. James Leask, one door
south of Queen Street.

Mr. John Macdonald, having decided to start a store, with the

Toronto from IHi? to 1S.')7.

enterprise an<l pluck which has cliaractorizod all his movements,
decided to try the experiment of an exclusively dry ^oods l)n>i-
ne-ss, and in a short time was doiniif a thriving trade one do^r
south of Richmond Street, then known as the " Lar^je !().*],"
that beinj^ the number on the stieet at that time, and the
figures conspicuously painted in front of the building.

The result of this venture is referred to in the chaj)ter on
the Model Wholesale Dry Goods Warehouse of the Dominion.

SELLING ox TIIF. STEHLINO COST.

The system of selling at an a<lvance on the sterling cost
gave buyers the privilege of inspecting the invoice books
before the arrival of the goods, and if the buyer knew of spe-
cial cheap lines, and wished to favor a particular customer,
these lots were selected beforehand, and laiil aside as soon as
opened. In this way Mr. Macdonald secured many a lot which,
by judicious advertising, he brought before the attention of the
public, and soon acquired the reputation of selling cheap goods.

The population of Toronto in 1.S47 was 21,050.

Total assessment, £122,981, or ?591,924; total expenditure,
£7,288, or 829,152.

The total importations to Toronto in 1848 were £197,22.5 5s.
3d., equal to 8788,901.05. The same year Montreal imported
goods valued at £1,003,027 17s. 9d., or 80,452,111.55, or nearly
eight times as lart,'e as Toronto.

In 1849 Toronto showed value imported to be £320,803 17s.
9d., or 81,307,455.55, and Montreal £1,230,533 Os. 3d., or
84,946,133.25, Toronto having within the year brought the pro-
portion as compared with Montreal from one-eighth to about
one-fourth.

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ToKoNio "Called Back."

Business Houses in Toronto, 1847-1850.

:■) it

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WHOLESALE DItY GOOI'S.

H..WIS& Hall.
Bryce, McMurrich ^t Co.
.Tohii Kwiut, jiin. & Co.
Henry i'owler.
(iilmmir >t Coulson.
William NKMaster.
Mollatt, Murray & Co.
P. J. O'Neill.
W. L IVrrin & Co.
John Rolurtaon.
Ross, Mitchell & Co.
Taylor & Stevenson.
Shaw, 'rurnl.ull & Co.
Toppinj,' & Urown.
R. Wiglitman & Co.

RETAIL DUY ROODS.

John Macdonald.
P. Paterson.
Tktley & Kay.
J. Carniiehael.
Edwu'-d Cooper.
Wil iam Creighton.
John Eastwood.
Artluir Lepper.
Walker & Hutchinson.
Robert Sargant & Co.
Ceorge liilton.
Richard Hastings.
Walter Macfarlane.
Scott & Laidlaw.
Hughes & Co.
Thomas Lailey.
Charles Robertson.
John Ritchey, Jan.
J. R. Mountjoy.
G. B. Wylie.
J. Charlesworth.

WHOLESALE GROCERS.

A. V. Brown.
Thomas Brunskill.

WHOLKSALK GROCERS — CotllUllli ■>,

Fitch \- Matthews.

B. 'J'orrance & Co.

F. & (J. Perkins.

George Munro.

Whitlemore, Pwutherford i*v' Co.

KliTAlL GnoCKKS.

Alexander Ogilvy & Co.
A. ^L .Smith.
K. M. Sulherlind.
Richard Yates.

HARUWAKK MKUCIIANT.S.

John Harrington.
Rice Lewis
T. Haworth.
T. D. Harris.
Ridout Bros.
Darling Bros.
Hayes Bros.
P. Paterson & Co.

DRUOGI.STS.

Neil C. Love.
Joseph Beckett & Co.
Lyniiin Bros.& Co.
W. H Doel.
Huyh Miller.
J. C. Bettridge.

.TEWKLLERS.

Rossin Bros.
E. ^L Morphy.
George Savage.
J. G. Joseyih.
Henry Jackson.

KrURIKKS.

Joseph Rogers.
John Salt.
J. G. Joseph.
J. Bastedo.

.^^M^'.'M-'

Toronto fkom 1847 to 1857.

CHINA AND HARTHENWARK.

Patton & Co.
H. F. Norris.

HIDES AND LEATHER.

Jiiiiies Beaty.

MERCHANT TAILORS.

G. & T. Bilton.
Richard Score.
C. & W. Walker.

MUSICAL INSTRFMENTS.

A. & S. Nordheiiner.

BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS.

Brewer, McPhail & Co.
Tliomaa Maelcar.
Henry Itowsell.
Hugh Scobie.
A. H. Armour & Co.

BOOTS AND SHOES.

Edward Daek.
Brown & Childs.

WATCHMAKERS.

J. E. Ellis.
William Bell.

CLOTHIERS AND OCTFITTERS.

Thomas Thomiison.
Evans & Hamilton.

FANCy Gt)OU3.

James Skelton.

.•^ADDLERY HAKliWARE.

Alexander Dixon.

. 1

! lit'

MANUFACTURERS.

.STOVES.

.f. R. Armstrong.
(i. H. Cheney & Co.

PAPER.

■Tohn Taylor & Brother.

fi-i;nitl'Ki,:.
.JactiiiL'S & Hay.

IRON FOUNDER.

James Good.

STEAM MILLS.

Gooderham & Worts.

SOAP AND CANDLES.

P. & R. Cnate.
Peter Freeland.

STARCH.

J. A. Cull.

PIANOS.

John Thomas.

iJLUE.

Peter R. Lamb.

AXES.

.Samui'l 8iiaw.

It i.s worthy ot* note that the residences of all the leading
men whose names are (riven were all south of Queen Street,
except one or two who lived on that street. This will give a
o;ood idea of the improvement that has taken place in this
respect.

i.i

Toronto "Called Back."

The upper dtratum of society was decidedly refined and in-
tellectual, and not by any means as exclusive as some have
represented it. Nothing so invidious in class distinctions
existed as was found in Montreal up to a late period, when the
line was distinctly drawn between wholesale and retail mer-
chants, and in other ways the " upper ten " principle strictly
carried out.

The number of churches in Toronto at this time was 21,
divided as follows : — 4 Episcopal ; 1 Presbyterian Church of
Scotland ; 4 Wesleyan ; 1 Presbyterian Church of Canada ; 2
Congregational ; 1 United Presbyterian ; 1 Methodist New
Connexion ; 1 Catholic Apostolic ; 1 Primitive Methodist ; 2
Baptist ; 1 Disciples ; 2 Roman Catholic.

A Tour of Observation.

Before deciding on settling in Toronto, the writer took a
trip to New York to consult with his friend and companion of
the previous seven years, Mr. Edward Martin, who had preceded
him, and had, like Mr. A, T. Stewart, brought out a stock of
Irish embroideries, then giving employment to thousands of
girls all over Ireland, and sold all over the world. My friend
continued in the same trade, adding lace goods when the
embroidery business fell off, and retired quite recently with a
large fortune.

It was thought best that I should make a tour of several of
the states as far west as Ohio, then the most rising and pros-
perous state in the west. Returning by the New York Central,
all the large towns were visited up to Buffalo, and then Eric
and Cleveland were reached by steamer. From the latter
place, down to Cincinnati, the only mode of travelling was
either by the stages or canal boats drawn by horses. There
appeared to be nothing, eitlier in the manners of the people
met with or the mode of doing business, to induce me to settle
on that side of the line.

Being invariably taken for an Englishman, and addressed as

Toronto from 1847 to 1857.

"stranger," I found that an Englishman was more of a foreigner
than one of any other nationality.

There were whole villages in Ohio owned by Germans or
Dutch, on the communistic principle, and no English spoken.

Apro'pos of speaking languages I may mention that having
an uncle, who was an elder in the Methodist Episcopal Church,
stationed near Syracuse, on my way through I called to see
him. Having two daughters at a large school in the centre of
the state of New York, he wished me to go and see them. The
distance to drive being about twenty miles, we stopped to rest
with one of my uncle's parishioners, and in conversation with
the lady of the house she asked me whether I had spoken the
English language before I came to America.

At once perceiving that her question was put on account of
my being a native Irishman, I answered her accordingly.

Having seen persons from ditlerent parts of Europe in that
country, and all speaking their own language, she naturally
thought I should know mine.

We found my cousins boarding with the family of the sheriff
of the county, and the lady herself busy with a broom, after
using which to good purpose she was soon ready to entertain
us in her drawing-room. " Helps " being hard to find, most of
the ladies were obliged to help themselves.

Being everywhere reminded that I was now in a free country,
I have frequently regretted not having crossed the Ohio River *
into Kentucky, where slavery was in full vigor, and human
chattels were bought and sold every day ; and never having ex-
perienced any particular oppression in the country from which
I had recently come, I failed to appreciate the advantages of the
freedom of which I was so constantly reminded as existing in
the United States.

Describing the gaiety going on in Washington while slavery
existed there at this time, Whittier writes :

Pitying (J(i<l ! Ih tliis a wniiiiiii

On whnsi' wrissts the shackles clash 9
la tliiit shriek she utters hunifin,

Inclerneath the stiuLriim lash?

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60 Toronto "Called Back."

Aro tliey men whose eyes of madness
From that sad procession tlash ?

Still the danco goes gaily onward —

What is it to wealth and pride
That without the stars are lodkin'^

On a scene which earth sluudd hide ;
That the slave ship lies in waiting,

Rocking on Potamac's tide ?

Tills beinr^ the year in which Louis Philippe and his accom-
plished consort were driven from the Tuilleries, and every
vestige of royalty ruthlessly destroyed, and Lamartine Si Co.
had established the Republic of '' Liberte, et/aUte, ''t fraternite
in France, additional favor seemed to have been triven to these
principles.

While there was much to admire in the apparent absence of
poverty, and a good degree of prosperity which seemed to exist,
ami an appearance of greater e([uality amongst all chisses the
further west I went, it was plainly seen that distinctions still
existetl and society was divided into classes, as in every other
community. There were some illiterate and others educated,
some rude and rough in manners, others more refined and
cultured.

To judge of the manners of the people at the table d'hote of
the Ijest hotel in (Jleveland at the time, and compare thom with
those seen at present, the decision must be, that a marvellous im-
provement has taken place, as well as in all other western cities.

This being the place where a stranger has the best oppor-
tunity of remarking the habits of people, my first impression
was one of surprise that so little time should be devoted to
table enjoyment. When the gong sounded there was a perfect
rush, and a grab at everything that could be reached. Vege-
tables of all kinds, with pickles, were mixed .ip, and made to
<lisappear before the waiters had time to present the bill of fare,
and then tis'i, tlesh and fowl were taken on the same plate, with
a variety of pmldings and pies; all of which were conveyed to
the mouth with the knife, tl e fork only doing duty while the

Toronto fuom Ls47 to 1857.

meat was bein;j cut ; ani.l l»v tho time a i)ers(jn not in a liunv
got through with his .soup, and was (li.scus.sin<f the 1)111 of fare,
the table wa.s half empty, and almo.st entirely .so hy the lime
the sub^tantials were reached.

The mo.st surprising thinu; was to And tiie.se people after-
wards quietly .sitting,' round, apparently having abundance of
time on their hands.

On returning to Canada a trip was taken to <iiuebec, includ-
ing a short stay at the princi})al towns and cities cd r<>uf< .

AVcre it possible for a large proportion of tin- pei->ons leaving
the British Islands to i)Ostpone their decision a> to their desti-
nation till they had travelled through the ]irincipal State- of
the Union, and over a porti<jn of this I^ominion, it can scarcely
be doubted that by far a larger number would prefer Camda.
But as, either through correst'onden^' with friends, or the
repre.sentations of interest<Ml agents, nearly all decide as to the
place of their future settlement, they lose the advantage to be
gained by actual observation.

This deliglitful trip, entirely by wati-r on the lake and river
steamers, could not fail to make a favorable impression. No
Ioniser addressed as "stranger," I evervwhei-e found friends, and
a thorough " home " feeling was constantly experienced, till on
my return to Toronto there was no hesitation as to making it
my future home.

First Return Visit to Europe.

The jmssage to England, on the Canard steamer Nidfjara, in
the winter of 1849--')0 was a most perilous one When on the
Banks of Newfoundlaml we found ourselves suiidenly sur-
rounded by immense lields of ice, which increased so rapidly
that in a few hours the man at the mast-head sang out, "Nothing
but ice all around ! " Having Her Maie.stv's mails on board,
Capt. Leitch was not to lie kept long in such a position, and
having consulted with his officers, determined to push through.
Orders were given to go ahead at half-speed, and after several
hours of bumping and grimling, that was terrible to witness.

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Toronto "Called Back."

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the cry came from aloft, " Clear water ahead ! " ami on {getting
out of the ice we found the ijfrand \-es.sel almost as helpless as a
log on the water. Every float on both paddle-wheels had been
literally torn to pieces, except six, and these vessels not being
rigged for sailing, like the modern screw steamers, there was no
prospect of jirogress from thai (piarter.

With the foresight which has characterized the Canard Line
from the conmiencement, duplicate floats were on board, and
the carpenter's crew, in spite of the rolling of the vessel, in a
comparatively short time had all the floats replaced, and we
were soon again under full steam for Liverpool.

Shortly after arriving in London a partnership was formed
with Vi.v. James Stevenson, with whom I had lived for several
years in Dublin, and who was then residing in London, as buyer
and manager with Munt, Brown v!c Co., Wood Street, London,
Luton and Dunstable. Mr. Stevenson came to Toronto in the
following spring.

Windsor Castle.

" Impei'i.il tloiiu' iif Kdwanl. wise ami brave !
Whero wiirlike Hdimr's ln'i^htost baimors wave.
Till' rnyal pili'.s tliar ri.so I'late,
With luaiiy an autiiiiie towor in massy state."

Never having seen Her Majesty the <^ueen, 1 expressed a wish
to visit Willi isur with that object, and accompanied by my
brother, who was buyer for the house of Brown, Davis & Halse,
of Gresham Street, and afterwards for Cook Sons & Co., St.
Paul's Church Yard, went down to that historical town.

We knew by the Ivoj'al Standard Hoating from the Castle
tower that Her Majesty was at home, and after inspecting the
portions oi the Castle accessible to visitors during the Queen's
residence there, and St. Cleorge's Chapel, and getting a splendid
view of the surrounding country from the top of the tower, we
had not yet seen any indication of the C,)ueen's appearance, and
were returning to the railway station to take the first train for
London, when, while walking in a private street, without a
single person in sight, we heard the noise of horses' feet, and

WlMisoU CASTLE.

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.li i

ToKONTO FKUM 1847 TO 1857.

presently an cquory in roya' livery came in view, and immedi-
ately afterwards the (.^)aeeri and Pi-ince Albert, in an open
carriaj^e and pair, enjoying a quiet drive. We, of course, un-
covered our heads, and in return had a most irracious 1k)w and
smile from Her Majesty, Prince Alhert at the same time raising
his liat in response to our salutation.

This was an opportunity seldom enjo^'ed, even by residents
of London, and often earnestly desired hy Americans, and
although having .seen Her Majest}' frequerith' afterwards, no
sight on state occasions was .so gratifying as this one.

Oommencement of Commercial Travelling in Canada.

In 1850 the firm of Taylor (S: Stevenson was established, and
their business carried on at the corner of Yonge and ^' 1-
borne Streets, in the building lately occupied by Messrs. Buii.mi.
Reid & Co., now the Trader's Bank building. It was then i^ wly
built, and was one of the finest warehouses in the citj*.

Mr. Stevenson having had extensive connections with all he
straw goods manufacturers in London and Bedfordsh" e, that
trade was made a leading branch. The first importai.v)ns of
these good.s, in the spring of 1851, were the largest that had ever
been made into Canada, and having sent out circulars, we had
])U3'ers from Windsor in the west to Brockville in the east. The
whole importations were closed out in a few weeks, and such
was the quantity to be entered and packed that all hands were
obliged to work for .several weeks every night, except Saturday,
till 2 or 3 o'clock, so as to get the goods forwarded within a
reasonable time. To obviate this in future, the idea of taking
the orders beforehand and shipping the goods direct soon took
shape, and in the fall of that year samples were got .out from
the leadinor manufacturers, and the writer undertook to travel
for orders.

After the close of navigation there was only one regular mode
of travelling. Weller's line of Mail Stages left daily for Mont-
real and Quebec, and in this way the writer, who was the fir.>t
commercial traveller in Canada, started from Toronto.

ii.ii^

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Toronto "Called Back."

9li'i*

In these days of Pullman cars and commercial hotels, to hear
travellers complain of the discomforts and annoyances is rather
amusing to those who have ploughed through mud and slush,
sometimes carrying rails off the fences to " pry " the wheels of
the stages out of the ruts, and again, in snow, carrying shovels
to dig out the horses when large drifts were encountered ; all
which is known to the writer by actual experience.

The accommodation for baggage for nine or ten passengers
consisted of a " rack " at the back of the stage, so that baggage
trunks and 300 lbs. weight of samples were never even thought
of up to the time of the opening of the railroads.

To meet this difficulty the writer had his samples sent out in
miniature models, so small that samples representing thousands
of dozens, for which he actually took orders, could all be carried
in a small valise.

The experiment was a great success; the goods were all packed
in England to the various marks, and in the spring of 1852
were shipped in bulk to the various merchants, from Quebec to
Windsor, or sent to Toronto for distribution.

During that fall not a single traveller was met on the whole
road, but the following season a gentleman appeared as a com-
petitor from a New York house, and one or two others, amongst
them Mr. Darling, of Montreal, in the hardware trade, and Mr.
D. B. Macdonald, in fancy dry goods.

The summer trips by steamers were very pleasant, but in the
winter there was nothing but hardships, and in crossing the ice
at different points very great danger. My rule was, that
wherever the mail driver would venture I would go.

On one occasion, in crossing from Belleville to Picton, the ice
had melted, and in the whole distance across the Bay of Quinte
no ice could be seen — the horses being almost knee deep in
water. Again, in crossing from Kingston to Cape Vincent with
four horses in the Mail Stage, and a heavy mail with a large
number of passengers, where the ice was cracking, the horses
had to "jump the cracks." Many rivers and canals were
crossed in this way.

One adventure on the road will give an idea of snow drifts.

ifmt

Toronto from 1847 to 1857.

Mr.

The town of Brockville was always to me, whether in summer
or winter, a delightful resting-place, a sort of oasis in my
travels from east to west, or vice versa. Young men away
from home in a new country will appreciate my feelings when
I say, that to find a sort of Canadian home, when a young
traveller, was indeed a delightful feeling. Here I always rested
for a few days amongst my friends — the Hon. George and
Messrs. John and James Crawford and their connections, and
especially Mr. Sherift' Sherwood, and the late Hon. John Ross,
whom I had the pleasure of meeting there frequently.

In the winter of 1853 I arrived there from the East in a
heavy snow storm ; it was the 23rd of December, and I wished
to get to Toronto by Christmas Day.

On the 24th the Mail Stage came along, and having supplied
ourselves with wooden shovels, we started for Kingston. Having
got on a few miles we found the drifts getting worse, and after
repeated efforts in literally digging the horses out, we were
compelled to put up at a small tavern on the road side, and here,
with bitter regrets at my folly in not remaining at Brockville,
where I might have spent a pleasant Christmas, we were com-
pelled to remain all Christmas Day.

In the meantime the pathnuisters had been notified bj' mes-
sengers that the track must be opened at their peril to allow
Her Majesty's Mails to proceed.

On the 26th we again started, having much the same shovel-
ling as before, when, having got on a few miles, we heard the
sound of the down stage's horn, and knew the track had been
broken, and arrived in Kingston in a reasonable time.

The formation of the Commercial Travellers' Association
followed soon after the opening of the railroads, and has grown
to immense proportions, as the annual reports of the various
associations now existing abundantly show.

In the last year (1874) in which the writer travelled in con-
nection with the Toronto Association, his orders taken, in the
United States and Canada, with some assistance, represented
clo.se on half-a-million dollars, and during the year scarcely a
day was lost. With the comforts and facilities aflforded by the

III

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ToKoxTo "Callkd Back."

Pullinan and Wufjner cars, enabliri'^ travellers to work all day
and travel at night, and the best hotels on the Continent
cornpetinrj for the patronaj^'e of the coiimiercial travellers, the
occupation has become, from being a drudgery, (luite a pleasant
life.

Having served a good apprenticeship, and then given a son
to succeed me in the Association, anything connected with com-
mercial travelling is still a matter of great interest.

Toronto in 1850.

FINANCIAL AI'l'AIUS.

W >l

K- f

.'Ol

KKVKNrK.

Assessment 8,r)40

Rental .S,417

Fees 1,:VJ5

Licenses 9'J I

Drainage 150

Fees & Arrears of Tuses. 2,300

Cash on hand ^^'.iO

£17,322 14
or869,2'J0 80

EXPKXDITCKE.

£ 6. fl

Interest 4,800

Sahuies 2,875

lload.s l,.S").'i

(ias 1,277 7 4

Fire I.GOO

Redemption of City

Notes 850 (I

Use of County Jail 600 d

Ward Appropriation. .. . 500
Incidental Police Ex-
penditure 110

Printing and Stationery. 2S0 n

Coroner's Expenses .... 115

Miscellaneous 2,994 d

Estimated Revenue over

Expenditure 16 8

£17,322 14 (I

or §09,290 00

CITY DEBT. ASSETS,

t: s c1. A a. d.

Debentures 07,372 15 G < >utstandirg Rents, Fees,

Corporation Notes ..... . '.7,340 35 Del>ts, Taxes and

Sundries 2,41i 14 8 Cash on hand 2,4.36 9

Leaving to be paid 84,727 10 2

£87,154 5 2
or 5=348,737 04

£87,184 5 2
or §348,737 04

TOKU.NTO FKUM 1547 TO 1657.

PUBLIC INSTITLTKJNS.

AthenoBum and Comiuercial

News Room.
Mechanics' Institute.
Post Oflice.
Telegraph Otlice.

University (old building).
Upper Canada Col lege.
Osgoodt3 Hall.
Parliament Ijuildinjrs.

The following newspapers were puV)lished : BritiKh Colonist,
Christian Guardi<ni, Lkiibj Patriot and Ejprcus, Glohe, Xortk
American^ Canada Gazette, Church, Ejyi.ra'mer, Mirror, Watih-
man.

It will be seen that of all the papers published in 1850, only
two continue, the Glob'; and Chr'istiiin Guardian, the latter
being the oldest established weekly paper in Upper Canada.

! • . i

U i

Prominent Men in 1850.

ALPHAUKTICALLY K.VCMKRATED.

br. W. T. Aikins.

Hon. R Baldwin.

F. W. Bariou, Prinapnl U. C. Colh>,i>^.

M. Barrett, First EiojlUhMa^ta-, U. C.

Co!l''(fe.
Charles Berczy, PonlmasUr.
Hon. W. H. Blake, ChancUor.
\V, H. Boulton, M.P.I'.
Hon. Col. Bruce, Stc'y aiui A.D.C to

Earl of Elijln.
Hon. R. E. Burns, Jmhje.
Jolin Cameron, Canhkr Commercial

Bank,
Hon. R. E. Caron, Speaker Leijinlalive

( 'ouncil.
W. G. Cdi^^QWz, Manaijer Bank nf B. X.

Aiixrica,
H. H. Croft, Prof, oj Ohtmistry and

Vice-Chancellor of Uiiivtrsity.
R. G. Dilton, Barrister.
Lieut. -Colonel DeSalaberry, Deputy

AdJHtant-Oentrul.

1 Hon. \V. H. Draper, Jwliji' ijiufui'.H
I Bpuch.

J, C. r. Eaten, Vire-ChancfUor.

(leorge Gurnutt, Cl^rk of t/w Pracf.

Rev. Anson Green, Wtalcyan Book
■ Steicard.

Hon. Franci.s Hinoks, Innpector-d mcrHl.

J. G. Hoilgins, Secretary of Education
Depart III en t.

J. G. Howard, Architect.

W. B. .Jar%-i3, Sherif.

Hon. L. H. hixiontBkiQG, Attorniy-Oencral

Hon. Jas. Leslie, Provincicd Secretary.

Hon. J. B. Macauley, Chief Juntict.

W. F. Mendell, Collirlor of Cmtom.'f.

Rev. John McCaul, LL.D. , Preaident
Unic'-r-tity.

A. T. MuC'ord, Citii Chamfx rlain.
1 Hon. Archibalil McLean, J luhje.
' E. J. Palmer, JJaijtierrean Artist.
I Hon. J. H. Price, Commi-isioner Crown
I Lnnd-i.

) r:,

li:

Toronto "Called Back.'

■V '.I

l'*ri :' «i

Rev. Bishop Power. I Hon. and Right Rev. John Strachan,

William Proiulfoot, Presiiiftit Batik of Lord Bishop of Toronto.

Upper Canada. Hon. E. P. Tache, Jio-eiier-General.

T. G. Ridout, Cashier Bank of Upper 1 John F. Taylor, Clerk and Master in

Canada, Chancery.

Hon. J. R. Robinson, Chief Justice. Kivas Tally, ArcliUrct and Cicil En-

Dr. John Rolph. yineer.

Rev. Egerton Ryerson, Chief Siipt. of ,Wm. Wedd, Third Classical Maslir

Education. U. C. Cofl'r/i'.

Rev. Henry Scadding, Firsit Classical ; Hon. C. Widniur, Su)f]fou.

Af aster U. C. Collide.
Hon. Henry Shv rwood, Barristir.
J. G. Spragge, Vic-Chancdlor.
G. W. Htrathy, Professor of Music.

Rev. M. Willis, D.D., Prof. Divinity,
Knox College.

William ^Vilson, Cashier Bank of Mont-
real.

In 1850, the principal streets running east and west were
Front, King, Richmond, Adehiide and Queen; running north
and .south were Yonge, Churcli, Bay and York. These were
the most thickly settled and best business portions of the city.

The two principal thoroughfares, and the streets containing
the largest number of shops, were King and Yonge.

A little eastward of the centre of the city were situated the
Market Building and Citv Hall. The old City Hall was a
decent, old-fashioned pile of red brick, the front of which was
on King Street. Beneath and behind was the Market, walled
in, and enclosed with gates.

After the tire the new City Hall, the present one, was erected
of white brick, opposite the Market Square, and running dowi\
towards the Bay.

This is a very strange looking l>uilding, and it was unfortun-
ate for the reputation of the architect employed that he had
rot left the Province before he comjileted the buiUling, instead
of afterwanls.

The old City Buildings liaving been destroyed in the great
tire, a magnificent pile of Imildings were eivcted in their place,
called the 8t. Lawrence Hall and St. Lawrence Buildini-s.

At thi.s time the St. James' Cathedral was in the cou'^'o of
erection ; Knox Church, Holy Trinity, and St. Michael's had
been built.

W. H. Smith says of Toronto in 1850 :— " Let a traveller,

startinj
till he
fifty yl
buildini
an acre

magiut

TOUONTO FROM 1847 TO 1857.

starting from Montreal on a summer trip, proceed westward
till he arrives at Toronto. He sees a city, which he is told
fifty years ago was a swamp, with street beyond street and
building after building. He sees town lots selling for £10,000
an acre where thirty or forty years ago flourished a garden ; a
magnificent church being erected where an old settler told him
he once shot wild ducks.'"

In connection with the old Mechanics' Institute it should be
recorded that Mr. Robert Edwards was the polite and obliging
Secretary for many years, and it \s also due to the memory of
Mr. John Harrii -ton to state that it was chiefiy through his
exertions and the liberality of the citizens that the present
Free Fjibrary building was erected. The Music Hall in the
upper |-art was, for years, the principal place for concerts,
lectures and various exhibitions, and many celebrated men
appeared from time to time on its platform, including Wilkie
Collins, Proctor, Pepper, Punshon and many others.

Important public meetings were held, and public balls and
banquets took place in this Hall, for any of which its capacity
would be insufiicient at the present time.

The office of the Express Company, styled the European,
United States and Canadian Express Company, was on Front
Street, and James Burns was agent.

Bonding System via United States.

In the spring of 1<S48 there were no new spring goods shown
in Toronto till the middle of May, on the opening of navigation.
The arrival of sailing vessels, which then conveyed fill freight
to <^)uebec, was looked for witii great anxiety. The ladies, in
the meantime, were compelled to wear their last spring bonnets,
dres.ses and mantles, and the retail dry goods men hail a chance
of .selling ofi' their old stock from the previous season. The
effect of this was that when the goods arrived in Toronto the
country storekeepers, who awaited the event, came in a body to
the city, and at seven o'clock in the morning it was no unusual
sight to see as many as thirty or forty on the street, awaiting

1^1 -nj

, >i

ir' 1]

Toronto " Called Back. '

. >

the opiiiiino; of the warehouses, and ready to j<rab at the tirst
lot of goods they could j^et their hands on — styles and prices
beino' considered a matter of no importance : they wanted
British and foreign dry goods, an<l were determined to have
them. There was no time for making prices ; that was to
follow aftor the rn**!!, and each man tilled his locker or bunic
with an indiscriminate collection, subject to revision on the first
opportunity. When, perhaps, his neighbor's back was turned,
to make a fair exchange was consitlered no robbery, should he
happen to spy a chance lot of something he coveted in his
neighbor's bunk. As tl.e goods were sold at sterling prices,
with a certain advance a<lded, the invoice book was then called
into requisition, and goo<ls entered accordingly. In this way
the whole importations were generally [)retty well cleared out
in a few weeks, and as the country merchants were supposed to
have laid in their whole season's stock, the wholesale houses
had a quiet time in the warehouse after this, however it might
be in the counting house, the tinancing following .^iuch a sy.s-
tem requiring much tact and ingenuity. This state of things
could not continue with the increasing demand for early spring
goods, and something must be done in the way of improvement.

While British and foreii»'n goods were arrivinj; at Boston or
New York weekly, Canatlian merchants were debarred from
getting any of their importations from these ports via the
American railroads, there being no law to permit it.

The firm of Hill, Sears ^ Co., of Boston a branch uf the
London iirm of Alfred Hill *r Co., succeeded by Thomas Mea-
dows ^ Co.. seeing a prospect of getting hold of the Canadian
business, supported by the Montreal and Toronto wholesale
houses, undertook to make arrangements for a bonding system,
ami after some negotiations with the Government at Wash-
ington wt'Ve succossfu! in their object. In the spring of 1852,
permissii)n was given to allow goods for Canada to pass
through on the Itonding .system, at present in operation. The
writer, with representatives of two other wholesale houses,
spent a week in New York with brokers at the Custom House,
completing the arrangements for the despatch of the tirst goods

Toronto from LS^? to 1S57.

liy that route, and after many days' delay on the road, a large
lot of goods, comprising the bulk of the spring imports, arrived
at Oswego.

Toronto Bay was then frozen solid, and as merchants east,
west and north were anxiously awaiting the arrival of the goods,
there was no other course but to make a channel for the steamer
Admiral to get out. This was accomplished by sawing the ice
from Yonge Street to the Queen's wharf, and in this way the
spring goods arrived comparatively early.

I !■

•1 1-^

First Great World's Pair.
The vear 1851 was remarkable for the nrmnd proicctof Prince

&> oil/

Albert to assemble a display of the industrial resources of the
world. Subscriptions were raised, men of science were chosen to
form a committee, and a colossal palace of glass was erecte<l from
a design suggested by Mr. (afterwards Sir) Joseph Paxton, head
gardener to the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth. The
buildinfj from which the desisn was taken was the smallest of
the conservatories of the " Palace of the Peak," and contained
the celel)rated Victoria Rogia lily. When the great palace was
bviilt in Hyde Park, a mighty bazaar of nations was summoned.

Nor was the summons unavailing. Before the opening Lon-
don was crowded with foreigners and native visitors, all anxious
to enter the wonderful dome. Even immense London could not
nfVord accommodation for the throngs that poured in ; people
walked the streets through the night or slept in cabs, unable to
procure a bed.

And who that witnessed it can ever forgot the opening scene?
ITer Majesty, i . the pride of beauty and glory and domestic
happiness, looking around on the representatives of all nations,
while the Venerable Archbishop of Canterbury pronounced his
benediction on that meeting of the nations in peace and pros-
perity.

Then day by day poured into that fancy palace the strangely
mixed crowd of voluble Frenchmen, grave Germans, sharp
Americans, active, monkey-like Chinamen, and sensual-looking

5 ii

TouoNTO "Called Back."

H::i

Turks, wliile the rustics, who had never travolleil beyorif. iheir
native villaj:fe, gazed with astonishment, and even with ave, as
they entered the i )t'ty transept, which actually enclosed tail
eliA trees, and where the tropical plants, the fountains, tlie
afrafaa.iy, and the rich fabrics of India, realized the tale of the
■ /.Lrabi-m Nif^hts," and seemed the work of enchantment.

The buildinfT was afterwards removed to Sydenham, and was
greatly enlarged so as to form the now celebrated Crystal
Palace.

At this exihibition Canada was well represented, and obtained
a large number of prizes and medals.

Turning the First Sod of the Northern Railway.

On October 15th, ISol, the first sod of the Northern TTailway
was turned by Lady Elgin, assisted by Mayor Bowes, nearly-
opposite the Parliament Buildings.

Mayor Bowes was in full official costume — cocked hat and
sword, knee breeches, silk stockings, and shoes with steel
buckles.

The earth dug hy her ladyship, with a beautiful silver spade,
was taken by His Worship a short distance in an oak wheel-
barrow, the whole ceremony creating great interest.

Mr. F. C. Capreol had so far seen his much ridiculed scheme
carried into eti'ect.

No longer lauglied at and spoken of as " Mad Capreol," as the
writer has often heard him called, he had shown great method
in his madness. Haviiig be».n a follcv, -j.av.enger with him
when crossing on his visit to England to raise the necessary
capital — at first by a kind of lottery scheme, and afterwards in
the legitimate way — I saw his determination to carry out his
plans, and the clear prospect he had of the future of the under-
taking.

Had his life been spared, the Huron and Ontario Ship
Canal or a Ship Railway might soon be an accomplished fact,
not at all more improbable than the Manchester Ship Canal
wa ' fifteen or twenty years ago.

Toronto vium lSi7 to 1So7.

Tariff in 1850-51.

Mr. W. H. Smith, writinc; at this time on the tarifF, says : " We
are a queer people. While we are writini; a r>ublic meeting is
being held in the St. Lawrence Hall, Torontt., for the purpose,
as the requisition says, of addressing a petition to Her Most
Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria, and the British Legislature,
for the purpose of obtaining a more favorable home market for
the staple productions of the country than we at present enjoy,
and for the adoption of such a course of commercial policy
towards the Colonies generally a.M may prove beneficial to them
and to the Mother Country.

" Do not these gentlemen fear that the British Prime Minis-
ter, in glancing over the Canadian tariff, will be apt to tell the
signers of the petition that ' Jupiter helps those who help
themselves.'

" In our legislative wisdom we charge on suji^ar, tea and coffee,
articles which we cannot produce ourselves, a duty of 12^ per
cent. ; while on tobacco, which we can grow, we cliarge the
same.

" On winr . rum and brandy, which we do not make, we charge
25 per cent. ; while hemp, flax and tow, undressed lard, charcoal,
broom corn an<l wool are admitted at 2^ per cent.; and, still
further, as if tlds were not sufficient, we extend our liberality
and admit pot and pearl ash, wheat and Indian corn duty
free."

All dry goods, hardware, etc., at this time paid a duty of 12!
per cent, ad valorem.

Railway Opening and Steamship Contracts.

In the fall of 18,52 the locomotive Lnth/ Elgin was tried, on
the Gth October, on the Northern Railroad by order of the
Engineer, under whose direction the engine was erect( 1. This
was the first locomotive run in Upper Canada.

A consifierable number of persons congregated near the

1 1

' II

iMl 1

-J i

7fi

Toronto "Called Back."

('■'

;t :!

1 Si'.

P'-. i"

M'';

Queen's wharf to witness the trial, and appeared much pleased
with the " iron horse " as he snorted along the track. The rails
svere laid for about fourteen miles.

The contract for the railroad from Toronto to Guelph was
given at this time to Messrs. C. S. Gzowski & Co., for £7,408
currency per mile — £355,600 for the whole distance.

It was also in 1852 that the contract for the establishment of
a line of steamers between Liverpool and the St. Lawrence was
completed, the contracting parties being Mr. J. Young, then late
Commissioner of Public Works, and Messrs. Kean & McCarthy,
the ship owners.

The conditions were that Messrs. Kean & McCarthy should
keep up a regular line of large and powerful screw steamers to
leave Liverpool for the St. Lawerence monthly or fortnightly,
while navigation was open, and monthly during the winter to
Portland ; the maximum passage rates to be £21 sterling, first-
class ; £12 12s., second-class; and £6 Gs., third-class. These
steamers began to run the following spring.

Two 3'ears later the contract was annulled, and an arrange-
ment made with the firm of Edmonstone, Allan & Co., of Mon-
treal. The small fleet of the last named company has since
developed into the line well known as the Allan Line of Trans-
Atlantic Steamships.

At this time Toionto had begun to display a rapidity of
growth and stability, produced by wholesome enterprise, both
encouraging and remarkable. Jn describing its appearance in
1852 it was said that such strides had been taken in improve-
ment that the eff'ect pr* duced on the mind of a stranger, when
entering the bay and viewing the city from the deck of a
steamer, was very pleasing and striking. In the evening the
spire.", and domes, lighted up with the rays of the setting sun,
the dark woods at the back, and the numerous handsome villas
which flanked the ba\ . combined in creating an effective coup
d'osil.

A mo.st prominent oVjeci at the eastern end was the jail, by
no means a picturesque or p. ^possessing one, but still might be
taken as an indication of the generally substantial and appro-

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TOIIONTO FROM 1847 TO lbo7.

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priate character of the buildinrjs, being a solid symmetrical
nmss of gray lime-stone, sufiiciently signilicant of its purpose —
perhaps in the same sense as that in which the traveller stated
that he always knew he was in a civilized country when he saw
a gihbet !

Be this as it may, the writer has a distinct recollection of
seein<; two men huii<^ ofi' a platform erected on the we.'st side of
the wall which surnmnded the building, and which is now
replacetl by extensive works of the Gas Company.

The lighthouse on the point of the peninsula, the Lunatic
Asylum, Government Wharf, Parliament Uuildings, City Hall,
and Trinity Church, all attracted the eye.

The sites of the St. James' Cathedral and St. Michael's could
also be seen.

The Industrial Crystal Palace.

Exhibitions of the Provincial Agricultural Association of
Canada West, incorporated in July, 1847, were held irregularly
till 1802.

At the clo'^e of the Exhibition in Toronto in 1852, it was re-
solved to memorialize the Government to appropriate a certain
sutn of money to purchase land whereon to erect permanent
buildinj's for the holdin<; of their annual exhibitions.

To this resolution is tiue the structure then erected, for in
granting to the Corporation of the City of Toronto the fee
simple of that portion of the garrison resirve lying immeijiately
south of the Lunatic Asylum, for a public park, the Govern-
ment made it a condition that not less than twcntv acres should
be appropriated for the hoi<ling of the Provincial Association's
annual exhibitions whenever it might be required for that pur-
pose.

This condition was acce])ted by the Ciiuncil with a liberality
which di<l them honor, at once ap])ropriatlng £'),000 for the
purpose of erecting permanent buildings thereon.

On the I'jth July, LS.Vi, the corner stone was laid by W. H.
Buulton, Moyor, in the presence of a large number of citizens.

r. 1 1

I SI

1"^

:'lr

Toronto " Called Back

.. "

The band of the Royal Canadian Rifles performed at intervals
during the ceremony.

The building was afterwards used as a military barracks,
and was occupied by the l.'Uh Hussars, the band of which regi-
ment for several years contributed so much to the pleasure of
the people of Toronto; and here, in 18G0, His Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales was entertained at a public ball.

The A iKjlo- American Magazine says : — " Dwelling in a city
whose every stone and brick has been placed in its present
position under the eyes of many who remember the locality as
the sight oi primeval woods, the region of swamp ; of some who
have seen the lonely wigwam of the Mississauqua give place to
the log house of the earlier settler, and this in its turn disappear
to be replaced by the substantial and elegant structures of
modern art, — we find we are justified in yielding to the pardon-
able if vain desire to tell the wonderful metamorphosis of
forty years,

" It is meet that we should rejoice over the triumphs of civi-
lization, the onward progress of our race, the extension of our
language, institutions, taste, manners, customs and feelings.

" In no spot within British territory could we find aggregated,
in so striking a manner, the evidences of this startling change.
In none should we trace, so strongly marked, the imprint of
national emigration. In few discover such ripened fruits of
successful colonization.

" 7 le genius of l>ritain presides over the destiny of her off-
spring. The glory of the empire enshrouds the prosperity of
the colony, the noble courage and strength of the lion insjjires
and protects the industry of the beaver. The oak and the
maple unite in their shadows over the breasts that beat in unison
for the common weal.

" We boast not superior intelligence, we claim not greater or
even an equal share of local advantages over the sister cities of
our country ; but we assert, in sincerity of belief and injustice
to ourselves, a rapidity of growth and a stability produced by
wholesome enterprise as encouraging as it is remarkable.

" The tine bay in front of the city is formed by the remarkable

Toronto from 1847 to 1857.

peninsula (this was before the gap was fonncl) which, com-
mencing at the river Don, stretches away westward, with a
singuhir beml or curve at its western extremity, until it ap-
proaches the mainland opposite the garrison. Here a very
narrow channel, marked by buoys, admits vessels of almost any
tonnage to shelter and safe anchoraije.

" Over this extended sheet of water may be seen, in summer,
many a graceful and tidy little craft, gliding along under the
skilful management of the amateur crew — yachting being a
favorite amusement and source of recreation to the inhabitants
after the toils of the day and the confinement of their occu-
l^ations. A considerable number of steamers, both British and
American, arriving and departing ahnost hourly, and numerovis
sailing vessels, laden with the produce of the back country (jr
freighted with valuable imports from other lands, impart ani-
mation and bustle to the scene, which truly indicates the com-
mercial activity of a thriving population ; while the wharves
which skirt the bay, with their large warehouses and busy
throng of stevedores, purlers, carts and cabs, confirm tids
impression."

The assessed value of the property in the Corporation, in
1852, was 812,1-G.'),000. The value of dutiable and free goods
imported was 82,778,388; the exports, SI,Go(j,824.

In the past year the beauty of the principal streets had
increased very greatly. St. James' Cathedral had been com-
pleted, except the spire. This church, built of white l)rick (for
which Toronto has become famous), in the restored style of
architecture, was then decidedly the most beautiful and appro-
priate religious structure to be found in Canada. In the order
of civil architecture, the Court House, then in course of erection,
was considered to be as fine a structure of its own kind as the
church.

But public buildings may sometimes proceed rapidly, while
general distress prevents improvement in domestic archi-
tecture. This, however, was not the case in Toronto.

A correspondent of the Montreal Ilendd writes at this time :
" Upon King Street we noticed the builders at work in five (jr

1-'^

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WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

Toronto "Called Ba.ck."

i-!

six places, besides observing several new and handsome brick
houses, wlere a year ago wooden ones stood. Our readers who
are acquainted with Toronto will remember the corner of Bay
and King Streets, which used to be disfigured by some wooden
shanties; these have been completely swept away, to make
room for elegant brick houses. While the retailers have been
improving their places of business, the wholesale houses have
also continued to augment in number and beauty.

During the time the Parliament remained in Toronto, between
1850 and 18.57, many men celebrated in history couM be heard
to speak. Papineau, W. L. Mackenzie, Cauchon, Cartier, Prince,
Merritt, Gugy, Drummond, Dorion, Hincks, D'Arcy McGee,
Baldwin, John Sandfield Macdonald, and others.

When Mr. McGee rose to speak, the most profound attention
prevailed, all admitting the superior charm of his eloquence.
No matter what the subject of debate might be, it was invested
with new interest, and having at command art, science, poetry
and history, his ideas were clothed in most beautiful language,
and were full of originality, and given with such a sprinkling
of wit and humor as never failed to delight his listeners.

In 18.52 Mr. George Brown made his maiden Parliamentary
speech, which occupied two hours.

On the 28th of December, 1853. Lord Elgin left Toronto, and
was succeeded by Sir Edmund Head, in 1854.

tix ii

In**

The Esplanade.

It is said that when the Grand Trunk Railway was being
built, the Company offered to build stone wharves or quays along
the front of the city, with iron bridges across the tracks at the
principal crossings, and at less than the cost of the present
Esplanade, but through the obstructiveness of some, and the
squabbling and procrastination of others, of the Corpui'ation, the
ofl'er was withdrawn.

At present when so much public attention is directed to the
proposed new street and general improvement of the city front,
it may be interesting to refer to the various schemes proposed

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Toronto from 1847 to 1857.

from 1850 to 1854, and for this purpose we extract a few items
from Maclear's Anglo-American Magazhie.

The " Editor's Shanty " was supposed to be the resort of
representative characters, then living under the Sobriquets of
the " Doctor," the " Laird," and the " Major."

It is only fair to state that Sandiord Flemin<T, C.M.G., C.E., has
informed me that he was the writer of these articles in the
Canadian Journal, to which he referred me at his residence in
Ottawa.

These gentlemen met to discuss the current events, and to
review the literature of the week.

The question of the proposed Esplanade having come up for
discussion, the Laird begins :

" But, Major, what was ye gaun to say aboot the Toronto
Esplanade at our last meetin', when Mrs. Grund^^ telt as the
supper was ready ? I see the newspapers are makin' a great
fuss about it now. One day we have a long report from Cum-
berland to the Northern Railway directors, another day a letter
from the City Surveyor about it, in another it is announced
that Gzowski and the Grand Trunk contractors are gaun to
make the thing at once. Did ye hear onything mair aboot it ?"

Major — " I was then going to draw your attention to a long
letter which appeared in the May number of the Canadian
J^urval, prior to any of these you have juilit mentioned, the
author of which signs himself ' A Member of the Canadian
Institu^e,' and advocates strongly the importance of making
provision for public walks, baths, wash-houses, etc., and sets
forth a new plan for the Esplanade, by which the railroads can
be brought into the very heart of the city without the necessity
of level crossings. I thought at the time that the plan, although
probably too costly, and on too grand a scale, was a feasible one,
and deserving of more attention than it seems to have received.
Since then I am glad to see that the Chief Engineer of the
Northern Railway has taken it up, and strongly recommended
its adoption, with slight modifications."

Laird — " Before we gang any further, I would like to ken the
correct meaning of level crossings, for there were nac railroads

,ii!/i I

I'M,'

I:!

:!1

Toronto " Called Back."

r'.v
1 1 ■

ISi::;1.4

■III

when I was at schule, maist saxty years syne, and I'm rather
particularly concerned in this matter — one ol: my friends has a
water lot near Yonc^e Street."

" Major— " When one railway crosses another on the same
horizontal plane, or where a railway crosses a street in the same
manner, that is to say, without either being bridged, it is termed
a level crossing, and they are the cause of a great many acci-
dents."

Doctor — " You will recollect, Laird, of that serious collision
only a few months ago, near Detroit, when one passenger train
ran into another on a level crossing, to the great destruction of
life and property. Level crossings have always been a source
of danger, and should, at any cost, be avoided, if possible, in
crowded thoroujjhfares."

Laird — " I understand it noo. Indeed I thocht it was that,
yet I aye like to mak sure ; but I dinna see why the needna
jranor slower through a town ; there's na use to biss through as
if the deil was at their heels."

Doctor — " Yes, my good Laird, but there are innumerable
chances of danger, however slow the trains may travel, — the
locomotives themselves have been known to become unmanage-
able and run away. Horses are apt to get frightened, women
and children may be overtaken while crossing the tracks, or
old gentlemen, like yourself and the Major, who do not hear
quite so well as in your younger years, may make even as nar-
row escapes as lie did at Waterloo."

Laird — " Toot, mon, I can hear yon whussle half a mile awa'.
I'm no sae deaf as a' that, and maybe there are some older and
deafer than me (joking). I'll tell ye. Doctor, gin there be as
muckle danger as you say, gentlemen in your profession should
keep a cahn sour/h. A broken leg noo and then would aye be
mair grist to your mill. I think we'd better cry quits noo, as
we're gettin' afF the thread, and I'm anxious to hear aboot this
plan of the Major's. It's strange I didna see the letter he spoke
of."

Major — " Indeed, Laird, it's altogether my fault. I lent the
Journal for May to a friend of mine, who only returned it a few

l?|i::

Toronto from 1847 to 1858.

clays ago, but here it is; and, althoui(h the letter is ratlier lonjjf,
it refers to various other matters, which we may discuss at an-
other time. With your permission I will read the letter."

Doctor and Laird — " Do. Go on, go on."

Major — " There was a lithographed plan which accompanied
the letter, and you will have some trouble to understand the
letter without it. However, here goes."

[Major reads the letter] :

" To the Editor Canadian Journal, — The water frontage of
Toronto, extending over a length of from two to three miles, and
up to the present time almost unoccupied, is now about to be
used for railway purposes.

"Adjoining thereto, and extending about three-fourths of a
mile along the south .^iide of Front Street, immediately to the
east of the old fort, a tract of land, averaging in width about
100 feet, was some years ago reserved for the public as a pro-
menade or pleasure ground, which reserve is also being appro-
priated by the railway companies for their own use.

"Much has lately been 'written, and far more has been said,
regarding the occupation of the water frontage by the railway
companies. One party advocates the conversion of every foot
of ground now lyins waste, into track, brick, and mortar.
Another party, with more concern for the healthful recreation
of future generations than the convenience of the present, insists
on these reserves for pleasure grounds being retained for the
purpose they were originally intended to serve. All must admit
that the interests of the public and the railway companies aie
one in the most important particulars, and that every facility
should be afforded them in endeavoring to establish their work ;
but, if in so doing it be found expedient that these public
grounds should be surrendered for the purposes of business —
the life and soul of all commercial cities — it ought not to be
forgotten that posterity has some claim on the representatives
of the public at the present day, and some effort should be
made to provide breathing space for those who come after us.

" It will indeed be a reproach if, within the limits of the City
of Toronto, comprising an area of six square miles, and which,

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Toronto "C/lled Back."

■li'i

half a century ai:^o, was just emcrginf]r from the wilderness, a
few acres be not set apart and held inviolate for these purposes."

DocTOii — " I quite agree with the writer in many respects.
It will indeed be a great reproach if space be not left for a few
parks and public walks. She has now, exclusive of the pro-
posed Esplanade and Terrace, only one lung for the airing of
40,000 human beings, with almost a certainty of that number
reaching 100.000 in ten year.s. I refer to the College Avenue,
a strip of land about half a mile long, by 130 feet wide, and if
that be insuflieient now for the recreation of the inhabitants,
what will it ^^e in ten years hence ?"

L.MRD — "Onybody will admit that the arguments in favor of
public works are guid, an' tliat it's better to hae nae "level
crossings," if ye can arrange so as no to hae them, yet if I
understand your plan, Major, I dinna think it'll work weel.
Look at the number of bridges required to cross the railways,
and the trouble it wad be to climb up a slope as high as the
tap of a locomotive, just to come doun the other side again, and
a' the gudes frae the wharves wad hae to be drawn up to the
bridge and doun again to the street, in the same way. I rather
think the carters wad gie up work a'thegither."

Major — "Ah, Laird, I see you are laboring under a mistake.
You have forgotten that Front Stree* is already about as high
as the bridges would require to be, and that slopes would b ^
wanted only from the wharves upward, similar to the pn-sent
roads from the wharves up to the level of Front Street."

[Major continues to read] :

" It is proposed to set apart a strip of land throughout the
entire length of the city, of a width sufficient to accommodate
nine railway track.s, to be level with the wharves, to be crossed
only by bridges, and to be used solely as a railway approach
and for railway connections.

" Front Street to be converted into a Terrace above the level
of and separate from the railwaj- approach, by a retaining wall
and parapet, to be 120 feet wid6, and planted with rows of
trees throughout the entire length.

" The entire area south of the Front Street Terrace to be on

Toronto from 1!s47 'n) lSo7.

cS9

the wharfage level, and leaclicd In- slopes from the l.»ridges.
The bridges may be of iron, of a simple ornamental character.

"It is also proposed to reserve certain portions for the land-
ing of steamboats, for private forwarders, for baths and wash-
houses, or for general public service. The places allotted for
this purpose on the plans are situated at the foot of York and
Yonge Streets, and at tJie rear of the St. Lawrence Hall, and
are named, respectively, the Niagara, the City, and St. Law-
rence Basins. While contemplating improvements on so grand
a scale, the selecting of a site to be dedicated to a great public
building should not be lost sight of. I refer to one of which
even now^ the want is felt, vi/5. : The Canadian Museum, for the
formation of which the Canadian Institute is makin<; strenu-
ous exertions, and also a permanent home for that Societ^y.

"The very best situation would doubtless be in the vanant
space at the intersection of Yonge Street with tiie grand Ter-
race (where the Custom House and Soap Factory now stand),
or south of the railway tracks facing the bridnjes from Yon^je
Street, as shown on the plan.

" There can be no good reason why the building should not be
suflBciently extensive to include a Merchants' Hall and Exchange
under the same roof, or offices for telegraph companies, brokers,
etc., in its basement, or why it should not be as ornamental
and imposing as its central position would re([uire, or the pur-
pose of its erection demand."

Mr. Currberland's report is then read, when the Major pro-
ceeds.

Major — " After these two documents we come to the last that
has appeared on this subject — a letter from Mr. Thomas, City
Surveyor. I feel rather fatigued. Doctor, perhaps you will
read the extract marked. You will see that the leading feature
of Mr. Thomas' plan is to build a street or Esplanade over the
railway tracks on stone piers and brick arches, extending the
whole length froixi Simcoe to Parliament Streets, with flights of
stone steps leading up thereto at ntervals. I can scarcely yet
venture an opinion, but it seems to be rather an extravagant
idea of the value of space, to put one street over another on
7

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Toronto "L'aj.li:d 15ack."

W '

5 -■ .•

'J ?.

arches, wlien tlio sanu' oliject can lie attained at much less cost
by takinj; in sixty or sovonty feet more of the bay."

Doctor reads : " I purpose, therefore, to make Front Street,
from Simcoe to rarliament, a business street, and of such a
width as not to destroy the Custom House, or the valuable
wholesale and other stores already built and now in course of
erection on the south side of Front Street to the Esplanade,
securiuif the frontasje of thesi; valual)le water lots.

" I woulil then leave from Front Street a depth of from one
hundred to one hundred antl fifty feet, for the building lots,
whereon to erect, as may be required, the railway stations, the
proposed large hotel, wholesale stores and goods warehouses,
with other principal frontages to the railwaj's on the wharfage
level on the south ; also to an Esplanade on the south of Front
Street, constructed on piers ami arches over the lines of rail-
wa}', sixty-six feet in width, on the Front Street level, with an
open space of twenty feet area for light and ventilation to the
lower storey of the buildings in front of the tracks. The
buildings would have their north frontage on Front Street;
passengers would enter the respective stations as the goods
would be received on Front Street. The Esplanade, by this
arrangement across the most central part of the city, would be
in the proper place on the Front Street level, with the railroad
cars running underneath, having arched openings on the north
side of the railroad to the buildings, and on the south side to the
wharfage, being in appearance like a continued station. The
passengers would be protected from heat and dust in summer,
and the trains from snow accumulations in winter.

"The buildings being erected with hmdsome stone frontings
to the Esplanade and Bay, would give the city a magnificent
appearance, with the arched frontage of the Esplanade as a
basement to the whole.

" Trees may be planted for shade opposite the piers on the
lower level, which would form an avenue for the raised Espla-
nade, along the entire distance, which might be limited at the
outset, from Simcoe Street to George Street. From that point
east and west the railroad may be open. The raised Esplanade

TollONTO FROM 1S47 TO I S ')7.

over the railroa<l to have five linos of rails, with iivt; arches in
brickwork turned over them, continuous on stone piers, backed
up witl» brickwork."

IjAIKI) — "Ah, doctor, 1 canna say I like yere j)lan either.
Nane o' them are equal to the ane 1 had many a chat about wi'
my auld friend, Sir R. lionnycastle, now dead, poor man, an' wi'
Mr. Howard, the architect. Keep awa' yere new-i'an^ded plans
frae me ; what wi' yere brid^^es, an' brick arches, an' tree-plant-
in', and level crossin's, and so on, it's enough to dumbt'ounder a
body. Na, na, gentlemen, the anld plan is a plan ye can all
under.stan*, it's a simple one, an' the simplest way is often found
the best way."

Doctor — "I confess 1 feel (piite taken aback, not having
thought of the suljject before. It apjx'aivs to me, liowcver, that
there are numy good things in all of them, which, if combined
together, might form a better ])lai\ thiin any one of them."

This ends the " sederunt " of these gentlemen in 1850, and it
may be remarked in 1892, that if we cannot have a work as
solid and grand as the Thames eml)ankment in London, we can
have one which, in point of situation and beauty of prospect,
Huiy form a more delightful promenade, and now appears to be
the time for prompt action to secure its ostabli.shment.

Rossin House and Rail

.3.

With the prospect of railroads being buUt, .wid the consequent
increase of travel, the want of a first-class hotel was much felt,
and Messrs. Rossin Bros., very popular and enterprising gentle-
men, then doing the principal watch and jewellery business,
undertook to canvass the wholesale merchants and others in-
terested in the growth and prosperity of the city, for subscrip-
tions towards building an hotel worthy of the Queen City. The
stock was soon taken up, and debentures of £100 or S400 each
were issued, one of w^hich the writer willingly took in behalf of
the firm, just as all others did, not with a view of making
profit, but to promote the enterprise. The ground was secured
and the first hotel built and finished, and was placed in the

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ToKoNTo " Called Back."

i] hi

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hands of Mr. A. C. Jo.slin as proprietor. It being found tliat it
did not pay, Me.s.srs. Ro.ssin Bros, bought up the debentures at 50
per cent, d'scount, which the holders were willing to lose to keep
the concern utloat, and in this way it was continued till it was
burned down. It was soon rebuilt on a mucli grander scale,
and has gone on increasing in size and splendor ever since.

In June of 1853 the Grand Trunk Railwa}- was opened to
Portland, and at the close of the j'ear the Great Western was
0]jened from the Suspension IJridge to Hamilton and London,
and within a month was completed to Wind.sor.

The contract foi- the road from Toronto to Montreal was
signed by Mr. Jackson and his associates on the arrival in
London of the Hon. John Ross. The line i'roiii Toronto to
Hamilton was undertaken l>y another contractor, at £1,000
more per mile than the Grand Trunk.

The writer travelled in the old leather-swuno; stage from
Hamilton to London the night before the opening of the road,
and in anticipation of their occupation being about to go the
following day, the hotel-keepers at the different places where
the hoi"ses were changed were especially grumpy.

On the 9th of May, 1853, the first ocean-going steamer
arrived at Quebec.

Mercantile Agencies.

The system of reporting the standing of business men bj-
regular subscription rates was commenced in Toronto in 1855.
Previous to that time there had been private correspondence
with New York, but no regular agency had been opened, nor
was the arrangement publicly known.

A Mr. Hart was sent to Toronto by the firm of R. G. Dun &
Co. at this time, to obtain subscribers, and the firm of Taylor &
Stevenson M-as among the first to cfive their names. Havincr
received a sufficient number to warrant them in opening an
office, Mr. Kimball arrived shortly afterwards from New York,
and commenced his agency in the Exchange Buildings, now
the Imperial Bank, Wellington Street.

: J

Toronto from 18+7 to l8o7.

The principle of givin^,' int'oriuation as to every man in busi-
ness was not well received by a portion of the press. Several
severe articles appeared, dtnouncinj^ the introduction of such a
-system of espionage. The agents w-^re called pimps, detectives,
spies, informers, and eavts-droppcr-, and the business com-
iiiuiiity was called upon to denounce the whole business, and
stamp it out, as a blot upon the respeetal ility of the city.
Lawsuits for defamation of character were threatened, and
although the agent and his assistants were well received per-
sonally, the system was looked upon as wholly disreputable.

To think that a man's private business was to be exposed by
strangers, who had no legitimate means of knowing the circum-
stances, was said to be an outrage on public decency, and only
a system of black-mail for the purpose of extorting money and
compelling business houses to subscribe to the agency in self-
ilefonce.

Notwithstanding all this opposition, the business grew in
strength from day to day, and merchants found that the infor-
mation received was, on the whole, of a more reliable character,
because more disinterested and independent, than could be
obtaine<l by references from one house to another. It had been
known that merchants' references were more or less unreliable,
on account of the interest they had in keeping up the credit of
their customers, who, if in the books of a house to any great
extent, would not be likely to receive an unfavorable character,
and in this way other houses would be led to give them credit
on the strenoth of these interested statements, often resultino-
in a loss to the new creditors, while the old had an opportunity
of reducing their line of credit, and saving themselves either
partially or entirely from loss

In this appeared to be the secret of success of the mercantile
agencies, the information given being alike to all subscribers, with
changes in rating given from time to time, and all preferences
or securities regularly registered and repcivted.

The style of R. G. Dun & Co. was shortly afterwards changed
to Dun, Wiman & Co., by the introduction of Mr. Erastus
Wiman into the firm. The name of

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Toronto " Called Bacil"

MR. ERASTUS WTMAN

is SO intimately connected with Toronto as to deserve more than
a passing notice. Although a resident of the United States,
he is still a British subject, a Canadian and a Torontonian, and
owes his present high position more to Canada than to the
United States. In Toronto he commenced his career as a printer
boy at i?1.50 per week, which at twenty he was proud to have
advanced to S'l.oO per week. From this he became a market
reporter, then commercial reporter on the staff of the Globe, and
Superintendent of the Toronto Exchange, and in IcnJO became
connected with the mercantile agency of R. G. Dun & Co. He
was subsequently promoted to the position of travelling
reporter, and in 1862 bf^came manager of the Toronto office,
sueceedinir Mr. Kimbal' '^n 1863 he was transferred to the
Montreal office — both i^ T. 'onto and Montreal districts beinuc
placed under his ad' n. ' on. This continued till 1 866, when
he was transferre ' ti.^ few York office, and admitted as a
partner in the fin.. Owing to the war the l)usiness had run
down, and was sustained chiefly by the amount of money made
in Canada. This success, with his knowledge of printing, gave
Mr. Wiman great advantages, and tirndy established his posi-
tion. The business has grown to vast proportions. The books
of the firm are published quarterly, and contain one million
names. They employ forty printers, and have standing in type
twenty tons of agftte, costing one dollar per pound.

There are one hundred and six branch establishments through-
out the country — forty of the managers being Canadians, with
salaries ranging from fifteen hundred to twelve thousand dollars
per annum. There are about one thousand Canadians emploj^ed
in the business.

On the death of Mr. Barlow, the interest of that gentleman
passed into the hands of Mr. Wiman, and he became virtually
the working-head of the entire agency. The consolidation of
the two Canadian Telegraph Companies is due. to a great ex-
tent, to his assistance, placing the whole system on a paying
basis, Mr. H. P. Dwight being made general superintendent.

Toronto from 1847 to 1857.

The Close of the First Decade.

After makinnr his purchases for the Fall trade of 185G, the
writer came out to Toronto and found everything apparently
prosperous. The importation for the year exceeded those of
any previous year, reaching .. point equal to 18G6, ten years
later. The progress of Toronto during the ten years ending in
1856 was accelerated by the opening of railways, east, west and
north, and by that time its population was 4.5,000, showing
an increase of 23,000 in ten years ; the number of its houses was
7,476 ; the assessment of property had increased from ^60,000
to $515,000, and the imports froni S750,000 to 86,670,500.

Toronto had been reaping the tirst fruits of her connections
through the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways, and
the close of this, the first dc.ade, contained in this sketch,
found Toronto improved almost beyond recognition to those
who had not seen it during that time. The wide streets, con-
taining splendid shops, and the number of handsome churches,
all conspired to impress a visitor with the growing character of
the place.

Dr. Mackay writes of it at this time as " a thing of yesterday,
a mushroom, compared with the antiquity of Montreal and
Quebec, though rivalling the one and exceeding the other in
trade and population. It is built on the American plan of
straight lines, preferring the chess board to the maze, and the
regularity of art to the picturesque irregularity of nature. The
streets are long and straight. There is a Yankee look about
the whole place which it is impossible to mistake, a pushinar,
thriving, business-like, smart appearance in the people and the
streets, in the stores, and in the banks and churches.

"Looked upon from any part of itself, Toronto does not greatly
impress the imagination, but seen from the deck of a steamer,
it has all the air of wealth and majesty that belongs to a great
city. Its numerous churches, stores and public buildings, its
wharves, factories, and tall chinmeys, mark it for what it is, a
thriving place."

! ^

Toronto ' Called Back.

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III

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Durinij this decade the followinfj buildinfj.s had been erected :
The General Hospital, Normal and Model Schools, St. James'
and St. Michael's Cathedrals, Knox Church, St. Lawrence Build-
in<Ts, Nordheimer's Buildings on Toronto Street, the Exchange
— now the Imperial Bank, Free Library Building, Post Office,
City Schools, the University, several Banks, and the Rossin
House Hotel.

Toronto 'vas now the headqutirters of the Royal Canadian
Rities. The science of photography had lately been discovered,
and artists styled photographers and ambrotypists began to
multiply.

Manufactures had not shown much progress, and consisted
chietiy of wood-working and planing mills, boots, shoes, safes,
soap, spices, paper, and blank books. The reciprocity treaty
wit'"« the United States was signed at Washington on the 5ih
June, lSo4.

From the time of the introduction of the bonding system
through the United States, British goods to Boston generally
came to Toronto via Ogdensburg, and from New York via
Lewiston, until the opening of the Suspension Bridge, and pas-
sengers sometimes had difliculty in making connections in winter.

In the winter of l<S.j(i-7 the v^riter had secured his passage
to Liverpool b}^ Cunard steamer from Boston, and started in
ofood time to Prescott, intending to cross to Ogdensburg to
connect with train for Boston. On arriving at Prescott a vio-
lent snow storm prevailed, and the captain of the steam ferry
refused to cross. On telegraphing across to our agents, Messrs.
Stark, Hill ^ Co., I\lr. Stark, who had been a sea captain,
immediately came across in a small row boat and offered to
row me across. As the storm grew worse, while thanking the
captain for his kindness and courage, I declined to risk both
our lives when the steamer would not risk the crossing, and
telegraphed to Messrs. Hill, Sears & Co., of Boston, to write
to my family in England the cause of my detention. Not
wishing to return to Toronto, I went on to New York and
waited for the next Cunard steamer from that port.

V-A

l!i

TORONTO FROM 1^57 TO 1S07.

Financial Crisis in 1857.

Returning to make the spring purchases in Europe, and back
to Toronto in February, 1857, there were indications of an im-
pending change.

The stoppage for the time of railway operations and the
circulation of money was soon felt all over the country, and
the testing time of the 4th of March was the crisis, when pay-
ments at the banks were so bad as to cause a number of failures.
In a short time the panic ensued with full force, and the whole
picture suddenly changed. Railway enterprise suddenly came
to an end ; some of the largest houses were compelled to sus-
pend payment. Old established houses smashed like glass
bottles, and mercantile credit collapsed.

To show, however, that this state of affairs was not confined
to Canada, one fact may be stated. During this year the
deliciency in remittances from the United States to England
amounted to nearly fifty millions sterling, the great bulk of
which was never paid.

British capital to the amount of .^450,000,000 was invested
in the United States at this time.

The whole goUl coinage of the United States from 1793 to
1st January, 1856, was only .S30(),S05,o74 ; the silver coinage
the same period was S100,729,(>02, and copper Sl,572,20G ; the
three together amounting to .S49S,107,388.

All the gold would not suffice to pay liack the capitalists,

■ I

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ToiioNTO "Called Ba(;k."

and more than half of the silver would be required for the
purpose.

So depressed was trade in Toronto that hundreds of persons
in the city who had heretofore enjoyed all the ordinar}'
comforts of life, for the first time felt the sharp pinch of
poverty. There was much .suffering and want amonijst the
laboring classes, with a corresponding amount of drunkenness
and crime. There is good reason to believe that several persons
died of sheer starvation. For the first time in her liistorv her
streets swarmed with mendicants.

The British Colonist of August 4th says: "Pass when you
will, you are beset with some sturd}' applicant for alms. They
dodge you round corners, follow you into shops, they are to be
found at the church steps, and at the door of the theatre. They
infest the entrance to every bank. They crouch in the lobby
of the post ofiice, assail you on every street, knock at your
private residence, walk into your place of busines.s, and beard
you with a pertinacity that takes no denial.

" In this, our good city of Toronto, begging has assumed the
dignity of a craft. Whole families sally forth and have their
appointed round. Children are taught to dissemble, to tell a
lying tale of misery and woe, and beg or steal as occasion otfer.s."

This picture is far from attractive. The advent of brighter
days, however, brought in a very perceptible change, and when
trade assumed its normal condition, our streets ceased to be
sugge.stive of poverty and mendicancy , but it was not till 1859
that business resumed its healthy appearance. The writer re-
turned to Europe in May, 1857.

The Desjardins Canal Accident.

During the writer's stay in Toronto at this time the most
terrible accident which had happened .since the opening of the
railroads, occurred at seven o'clock of the evening of the 12th
March, 1857, at the bridge over the Desjardins Canal, a mile
east of Hamilton. The train from Toronto, consisting of a
locomotive, tender, baggage car, and two passenger coaches, the

the

Toronto feom 1857 to 1867.

latter containing about ninety-three persons, left about five
p.m. When this train reached the junction just above Hamil-
ton, it was ascertained that the train from Detroit had not gone
down to Hamilton, as it was entitled to do, before the Toronto
train. After waiting twenty minutes the Toronto train came
on. Just before reaching the bridge over the Dcsjardins Canal,
the train left the track by the misplacement of a switch or some
other cause, and ran upon the bridge. The force of the train
knocked the bridge down, and engine, cars and all plunged into
the canal thirty or forty feet below. The catastrophe wa??
sudden and awful, and the work of death was instantaneous
and complete. The locomotive and tender were entirely sub-
merged, and the baggage car partially so. The forward pas-
senger coach turned bottom upwards, and sank so deep that the
Hoor was but a few inches above the water. The rear passenger
coach rested upon one end and was about half submerged.
Most of the passengers in the rear of this coach escaped ; the
remainder were drowned.

The writer had a description of the scene inside this car,
from one who escaped, by the wood-work being cut through
with axes within a few inches of his head, and the scene
described was terrible in the extreme.

Every person in the first car perished except four — two men
and two children. One of the children was thrown out of the
window on to the ice ; the other was dragged out of a window,
having been up to its neck in water for fifteen minutes. They
were brother and sister ; their father, mother and uncle perished.

Amonir those who were "..illed were Samuel Zimmerman, the
great Railway King of Canada, and Captain Sutherland, owner
of the well-known iron steamer Magnet, with other prominent
men, both American and Canadian.

Royal Mail Ounard Steamer "Persia."

The voyage to New York by the Cunard steamer Persia in
the winter of 1857-8 was unusually stormy, as may be judged
from the report of the ship's " log " published in New York

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III

100

TonoNTo " ('ai,i,ki> Hack.

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pn|i(M's oil (Mil' Ml riviil. 'Vho stutiMMciil. of havino; cnomnittM' --l
" tron\(Mul»)us liuniomuvM." Mllliouoh jMrcIv vt^portcd. \v>m ]\y
oxOiJororatioiK l"'(>r scvimmI iliiy^ wt- " Imv fo." niaUititr jvlioi't
two knolx MU hour - just cuouoh i,o koo^y th<» oiiLjincs in umlifiu.
(hie of the innucuso pMddlc-lxfXos, foi(,y fiM>t. \n (linniclrr, wfis

CMrriiNl awav with otk* sea

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KM' (Itinuvsjo i|(»ll(V

vtn-MO(> l)isl(>(l oviM" ,si\((MMi iltiys. nrjirly <loul»l(! licr usual timo.
Lord '.\uA I,;i(ly Nnpid* and miito wcvf passcuircrM. niul Ir'
lordsliip suli'iMtMl greatly from sen- sick M(\ss. \vliil(» licr liidysliip,
wliosi^ oaluu wMs n(\'ii'ly oppositi' that of tho writer, scaivcly
(^or uiissi^d hey iU()Viiiiiii" s.-dt vatiM' hnih, and \va,M pro.scnt at
ahuosl (>\(M-y iiii>m1 tit tlic (ahle id' tho saloon.

As this inML;nilicont ship wms ihon iUc litio'^t nlloai, Jind was
tho last, of (h(< paddlo stctuiKMs. cxocjit <.h«> Srofid, a notice of
luT ni;iy n«)t ho out of placi\

This hniathan vt'ssol, tluM\ tho laro'cst sttMvmship in the
world, hd't ljiv(M-p(Md on tlu^ 2()<h .liiiit\ IM.')!), coinniand(><i by
l\'\]>t;\in Judkins, tho I'oniniodort^ o[' tli(> (^mard Mfiil l')'.,ckct.^,
on hov first vooai.ye across tlu^ Athintic. This (^\iinpany havinjr
th<^ oNclusiv*^ conti'Mct for carrying' the mails, th(> position of
C'lnnmandcr of oik* of thost^ stt'MiiKU's was a*, that t.iiut> oj\o of
orcat iinporlanci\ and tho rank 0(iual to a ciinmandci' in the
Koyal Navy.

for the arrival of

As the whole C\n\tiniMit was on the .//

rt'

these steamm's at i^oston or New York, when the signals wont
u]"> l\v tirinu; i;uns by day or rockets rt night, a wdiole fleet of
steamers .inil ln^ats of intM'v si/.o \V(M'(> s(HMi racing fin* the great
object. riu-n the scramble up the ladders, tho rush for tho
l'\test papers aiul despatches, and the rush back to tho city of
news reporters for the daily papers, and the competiti(>n to
publish the latest news, was a lively scone.

The C^a}itain. in full naval uniform, giving orders through
liis silver trumpet, before the days of electric bells, as he stood

on the bridge, was the observed of all observer;

wo aro

abort to start. I see liim on his elevated position, aiid it is
interesting; to notice how tpiickl}^ and completely the inward
though: and purpose alters tlie outward man. Ho gives a

T()i«»N'ii> iiioM |.s.'»7 •!(» isiiy

l(»l

(|uicU «;Imik'o to ovi-ry purl ol' tJic ship. Ilf casis his cyf; over
i\\o inulliiuflo cuiiiiiiLr on lioai'tl, niiKiii'r \vh(»in is the l'in^ilish
Aiiil»aH.s(i»|i)r and suite. Mo sees the hMslniiKls nud vvivc-^,
ini»thorn and cliildn>n, rntrust(Ml to his cair, tht- vahiitMi' cur^fo,
tho carrfully comitfd tfiiiil ltfi<.;s, nil p nifiii;.: in, iiml his lonii, as
he ^iv(\s oiih^'H r(»r our ih'pjii I ure, s(;('mih to ^row nine erect, nnd
lirni. The nuiscles ol' his I'iiee swell, his (>yes ^f|o\v with a new
lire, and his whoh- pei'son expands with tlie proud consciousness
of his importatux' and respon->il)ility.

In these (hiys of <!ahle^rii,nis, the inijiortanco ol' a ( 'onimandei-
is chiefly (U'pelident. on t,he sliortness of tho pass!i;^fe ni.ide hy
his ship, as is doscrihed on thi^ arrival of the Hi m r'm at New'
York, on havintj; made the fastest passa^^o on record. "The
Hteani was ptillini,' out of her sides in short, ))M,inful j^asps, like
the (|uickened lireath of a ;,'ra,nd laee-hoise, tired, and restini/
after a great hurst of speed. (Joniniodoro TlKiodorc; (yook was
proud aw tho pi'o\idest nmii in ArrK^riea. as he walked down the
noltU; sliij)'H <.ran<r-pla,nkH, and then stood ii]i so straij^dit that he
nearly ftsll hackwai'tls. No ono soeiris to have heeti prepared
for tho ])hoJion)enai time she hiul made." This rec(;i'd lias heen
boaton by tlie MhJchIw and Ten Ionic, in I MI) I.

Decimal Ourrency and American Silver.

J)urinir tho v'lr lsr)H the llaJifax ('urrency was abolishod and
tlu! Deoimal System introihiceij ; at tho same time ail a,c(;f)unts
in l>anks and wartshouses were; changed from pounds, shillings
and pence to dollars and cents, thertdty assimilating the whole
system to that of tlie United Stat(;s, gettiriLi rid of the con-
fusion with sterling iiion<'y and facilitating exchanges generally.

During, and subs(;(pient to the American War, American
currency became (l(^j)ri'ciated, and the prcjmiuin on gold rose to
a corresponding degree, at last reaching to 250 premium. The
ellect of Miis Huctuation was t(j drive the silver and gold in the
United States out of circulation, leaving it in the hands of
brokers and speculators, and specie became an article only to he
bought and sold in th(3 Oold Room in New York, where scenes

I
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102

Toronto " Called Back."

P HI '

of intense excitement might be witnessed every day. The
effect ol this was to send it over to Canada in large quantities,
where it passed freely in the purchase of cattle and produce, as
well as of every kind of merchandise, at a discount of from
four to five per cent. The " nuisance " commenced when the
banks refused to take it, and the greatest inconvenience was
experienced by merchants, when making deposits or paying
duties at the Custom House, and messeno-ers were running
round the city every day to get it changed into bankable funds.
At the same time the want of a Canadiam silver and copper
currency was sorely felt. At this juncture the Hon. Fjancis
Hincks, Minister of Finance, undertook to grapple with the
difficulty, his first act being to issue twenty five-cent paper
"shin-plasters," and afterwards to get an Act passed for the
issue of a silver and copper coinage, which was shortly after-
wards shipped to Canada from the Royal mint. At the same
time Mr. Hincks undertook, through the agency of Mr. Weir,
of Montreal, to buy up all the American silver in Canada and
ship it back to the United States. The value of the same
was reduced by the Government, and every precaution taken
to prevent its re-importation. This put an end to what was
lone: kiiown as the " silver nuisance."

In I808 the City of Ottawa was selected by the Queen as
Capital of the Dominion and permanent seat of Government.

of wef
becomt
nectin;
Butfah

Road to North- West Wanted.

In November, 18.58, " Westward ! " was the cry. The more
that was learned of the great countries to the North- West,
the stronger grew the desire to establish uninterrupted com-
munication therewith. The means of access to the Eastern
seaboard were already numerous and easy. An open route to
the banks of the Saskatchewan and to the shores of the Pacific
was wanted. The feeling was that more would be gained in a
single year by trading with the North- West than by ten years
of the closest communication with the lower Provinces. The
Mediterranean would not bear uf)on its bosom so great a burden

Toronto fkom is.37 to 1867.

103

of wealth as would our lakes and rivers, should the country
become the highvvay between the two great oceans — the con-
necting link between China and Europe. In this year the
Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway was opened.

Current Events.

The first Toronto City Directory was published by William
Brown, the writer having lent him a copy of the London
(England) Directory as a model. It was only copied in the
classification of the names, the addition of the street direc-
tory, as at present, not being adopted for several years after-
wards.

In July of this year the writer went to Quebec to meet his
family coming out from England by the North American,
Captain Grange, and had the pleasure of meeting Rev. John
Maclean, now Bishop of Saskatchewan, Rev. Dr. Hellmuth, late
Bishop of" Huron, and Rev. ^f.r. Fleury, Chaplain of the Moly-
neux Blind Asylum iii DubliUy-to whom I frequently had the
pleasure of listening in the chapel attached to the institution, as
also the delightful music of the choir, the members of which,
including the organist, were all inmates. These gentlemen had
been exceedingly kind and attentive to my family during a long
and stormy voyage, and on their arrival in Toronto all paid us
a visit, expressing, at the same time, their surprise and delight
at the fine appearance of the city.

In this year the 100th Regiment, to which Toronto con-
tributed a large quota, was enrolled in the Regular Army as the
Prince of Wales' Royal Canadian Regiment of the line; Major-
General Viscount Melville was appointed Colonel-in-Chief. The
Regiment sailed in three detachments, the first from Quebec, by
the Allan steamer Indian, nearly .500 strong; the second per
NovaScotian, 435 .strong, and the third per Anglo-Saxon with
remainder.

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104

Toronto " Called Back."

Laying First Atlantic Cable.

In July, 1859, the Afjameiniiort, in laying- the Atlantic cable
betwen Valentia Bay, in Ireland, and Trinity Bay, Newfound-
land, a distance of 1,(350 nautical miles, was in great danger;
the coils broke adrift and the cable wns displaced, as she was
nearly thrown on her beam ends ; . .otric instruments were

all injured and the deck boats got adrift.

On the successful accomplishment of the undertaking, on the
17th of August, messages were exchanged from the Queen to
the President of the United States. Lord Napier was then
British Minister at Washington.

Fetes were given at New York, and a reception to the officers
of the Agamemnon by the City Council. On that occasion,
amongst the toasts proposed was the following:

"The people of Great Britain and Ireland, joined to us in the
Court of Neptune. May that nuptial tie never be put asunder."

Visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada, 1860.

On the 9th of July, the Prince, accompanied by the Queen
and Prince Consort to Plymouth, embarked on board the line-
of-battle ship Hero, ninety-one guns, Captain Seymour, having
as an escort the ship Ariadne.

The suite of His Royal Highness consisted of the Duke of
Newcastle, Secretary of State for the Colonies ; the Lord-
Steward of Her Majesty's Household, Earl of St. Germains ;
His Royal Highness' Governor, Major-General Hon. R. Bruce ;
equerries-in-Waiting, Major Teesdale, R.A., and Capt. Gray,
Grenadier Guards ; Dr. Acland, His Royal Highness' physician.

The Prince was commissioned to represent Her Majesty in
the opening of the Victoria Bridge, and on all public occasions:
to hold levees and receive addresses while in Canada; and in
travelling through the United States he was to assume the title
of Baron Renfrew.

Tho squadron arrived at Halifax on the 29th of July, and,,
after visiting Pi.jice Edward Island and New Brunswick, pro-

TOUOMO FROM 18o7 TO 1S07.

io:>

ceeded to (^|UL'^>ec, where, leaving the men-of-war, they pro-
ceeded to Montreal, arriving on the 2otli of Aiigu^^t. The Uoyal
party remained there for several days, during which the Prince
opened the Industrial Exhibition in the Crystal Palace, at-
tended a magnificent ball given in his honor, laid the corner
stone, being also the last stone, of the Victoria Briilge, and
clinched the last bolt of the Bridge (a silver rivet) with stout
and sturdy blows.

After stopping at Ottawa, Brockville, and Kingston on the
way up, the Prince arrived at Toronto on the 7th of September,
and met with a niagnilicent reception, the preparations being
on a scale far surpassing those of the other cities he had visited.
The Prince disembarked at the western extremity of the
Esplanade. Here a splendid pavilion was erected facing thi
city ; the hangings were of crimson, blue and white, and tho
building was adorned with green leaves and festopns of flowers.
The whole was surmounted by a Royal crown, on all sides pro-
tected by flags.

The greatest charm was the entrance arch, which spanned the
street and was really magnificent. It was of the Grecian order,
but exceedingly rich in ornament, and stood sixty feet high.
The pillars were massive, palmated at the top. The interior of
the arch was adorned with beautiful fresco paintings, and tlu
w^hole surmounted with a shield bearing the Royal Arms and
a Royal crown supported on each side by a tine di.splay of fla^s.
A semi-circular platform was erected, with tier upon tier of
seats, and was ornamented with shields and banners, and more
than 10,000 people were in position on it.

In the open space was a troop of cavalry, and in the centre
was a great level platform, with the dais and throne under a
gorgeous canopy.

Here the Prince was received by the Mayor, Corporation,
Judges, Members of Parliament, Officers of the Army and
Volunteers, etc.

After the reading of the address the National Anthem was
sung by 5,000 children, under the leadership of Mr. John Carter,
the Cathedral organist.
8

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106

TouoNTo "Called Back."

„

It is impossible to do justice to the imposinfj spectacle pre-
sented when the vast assembly stood up and united in one tre-
mendous burst of cheering, which lasted several minutes, the
ladies waving their handkerchiefs and men nearly killing them-
selves with shouting the loyal hurrahs, while several bands
played the National Anthem.

The Prince was intensely affected at this glorious welcome,
which was so hearty and magnificent.

A procession of militia, firemen and national societies filed
past, drooping banners and cheering vociferously. The Prince's
carriage followed the procession through the principal streets,
cheered by the people, while flowers werQ strewed before him.
Night having come on by this time the city was most brilliantly
illuminated, and the whole formed a spectacle which, for magni-
ricence, was never surpassed in Canada. The Prince and suite
were entertained during their stay at Government House.

On Sunday the party attended divine service in St. James'
Cathedral, and were met at the door by Bishop Strachan, Rector
Grasett, and other clergymen. The sermon was preached by
the Bishop, from the text, " Give the King Thy judgments,
God, and Thy riohteousness unto the Kinif's son." The de-
meanor of the Prince during the service was what might have
been expected, ie joined heartily in the responses, and his
entire manner might be copied by some church-going young
men with decided advantage.

The Orangemen had erected a splendid arch at the intersec-
tion of Church and King Streets, with a large painting of King
William III. in a conspicuous position. Instead, however, of
the party driving under the arch along King Street, the car-
riage went down Church to Wellington, and so to the Govern-
ment House. It transpired that this was done by the positive
order of the Duke of Newcastle.

During the week the Prince visited all the principal objects
of interest, and planted a tree in the Horticultural Gardens, at
the same time opening the rustic arbor then recently erected.
He also planted an English silver oak in the Queen's Park,
which stands to the east of the guns, and laid the foundation

Toronto fuom 1857 to 1867.

107

stone of the statue to the Queen (which has never been erected),
surrounded by civic, provincial and other dignitaries ; and in
addition to all he turned the first sod of the Toronto, Grey and
Bruce Railway.

He attended a public ball, given in his honor, in the Crystal
Palace, wearintr a uniform of a colonel of the British Army,
unattached, and led off' the dance by taking the hand of the
accomplished wife of Mayor Wilson, one of the late Chief
Justices of Ontario, and now Sir Adam Wilson. The ball was
a brilliant scene, and wound up the entertainments given in
honor of the Prince in Toronto.

He next visited Hamilton, and then proceeded to New York,
where the demonstrations were almost extravagant, and did the
people of that city much credit.

The squadron sailed from Portland in November, arriving in
England in a short time.

The Death of Prince Albert.

On the 14th of December, 18G1, occurred the most mournful
event in the reign of Queen Victoria, the death of the good and
universally beloved Prince Consort, Prince Albert, a double
calamity to the kingdom, since it also removed for a long
period from public life and public usefulness the affectionate
and inconsolable Queen.

Not Britain alone, but all Europe, and distant India and
America, felt this blow as the shock of an earthquake. In
every place of worship throughout the land, on that fatal Sun-
day morning, the congregations met in deep sorrow, and the
tears of multitudes were shed in regret for the bitter loss, and
compassion for the heart-broken widow.

For even the distant homage due Her Majesty's high estate
was swallowed up in the sympathy of woman for woman. Nor
was she less revered as the mighty sovereign when recognized
by all as the weeping widow, and true and earnest were the
prayers raised for Her Majesty and her fatherless children.

England never saw King or Consort who so greatly won the

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108

Toronto " Called Back."

respect, the contidence and love of his people. Under his quiets
unassuming and profoundly judicious influence the kingdom
was blessed with prosperity and domestic tranquility, his chil-
dren were trained in the paths of virtue, honor and religion, and
the Royal Consort became not only an example to the country,
but to all Europe. Thu blessings conferred on society bj' the
good Prince Albert can never be forgotten, and posterity will
regard with reverence the name of a Prince wh ), though early
removed from earth, left behind him the glory of a holy and
useful life.

*' Only the actiuus of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in the dust."

Buying in Europe.

Forty years ago there was no steam communication between
Canada and Great Britain. The travel was confined exclusively
to the Cunard line, every alternate week from Boston and New
York.

There was little or no travelling across the Athvntic for plea-
suie, and was only indulged in by business men, and of those
comparatively few. Indeed, half-a-dozen wholesale dry-goods
buyers constituted the ocean travellers. The high rate of post-
age, and the absence of express facilities rendered it quite an
object to make use of these " buyers " for the conveyance of
letters and parcels to friends on the " other side," or, as it was
universally called, " at home." If you were " going home," aU'l
your friends found it out, it would Ije just as well to provide
an extra trunk, as you could not refuse to carry a letter or a
parcel for a " friend," and having undertaken the friendly com-
mission, you had to run the gauntlet of mail agents, and either
drop the letters into the mail bag on board the steamer, and so
break faith with your friends, or conceal the mail matter as
best you could.

There may be a few to whom a sea voj'age is a pleasure, but
to most persons crossing the Atlantic becomes a weary and
monotonous duty, alt(;gether apart from the dangers incurred.

gfers

Toronto from 1857 to 1867.

109

Not a few of the buyers with whom the writer was acquainted
met with a watery f^rave. Wilson, of Toronto, Silver, of Halifax,
and Cameron, of Montreal, are amongst the number.

The rule is, that the pleasure of the trip is confined to terra
Jirma, and to combine business with a reasonable amount of
pleasure is both desirable and profitable.

As one of the mas:nificent ocean steamers floats at anchor in
the Mersey, or the St. Lawrence, or her dock in New York, she
appears to the beholder a " thing of beauty," and on going on
board, how often the exclamation is heard f .om untried passen-
gers and their friends when they enter the main saloon, and
gaze on the elegant carpets, luxurious sofas and arm chairs,
mirrors, panels and gilding, the racks of shining glasses, satin
damask curtains, handsome piano, etc., " How beautiful every-
thing is, and how nice it must be to cross the ocean in such a
vessel ! "

Their admiration increases as they view the steward's pantry
adjoining, with its glittering electro-plate and piles of earthen-
ware, all fitted in so as to weather every storm, with a place for
everything and everything in its place. Then the houses on
deck for butcher, baker, pastry cook, ice, vegetables and meat,
and the perfection of ranges in the cook's galley, are all in-
spected with pleasure. The bedrooms are next visited, with
the purest of Vied linen, toilet utensils, marble basins, damask
curtains, electric bells, and so on to the engine room, and from
stem to stern, the size of a pin's head of anything cannot be
found out of place; all that art and skill, combined with wealth,
can do to make a voyage pleasant and comfortable has been
done.

And now the hour of sailing has arrived, and under a full
head of steam the noble vessel moves out seaward, a thing of
life as well as a thing of beauty. If sailing from New York,
the decks are crowded with passengers as they pass Staten
Island and view the charming villas and merchants' mansions
so thickly studded all over that beautiful suburb. Soon out-
side of Sandy Hook, now for the first lime the heavy swell and
roll of the Atlantic is felt, and presently the scene chnnges. The

ill

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rw^

110

Toronto "Called Back."

indefatigable stewards are already at work. The elegant crim-
son silk-embroidered table-covers give j)iace to the plain "Tur-
key red," and the satin damask to worsted. The linen covers
are soon doing duty on sofas, where wet boots would prove fatal
to rich plush covering, and the ominous guards arc attached to
the dining-tables, something which all sea-goers understand.

A certain ladj' writer has said that in naming the Cunard
steamers, in some of which she crossed, while there was a Persia,
Oaliia, Etruria, etc., it was a wonder that none had been
named the Nausea ; and Dickens said on his tirst trip to
America he counted twenty distinct smells ; but that was long
before the late improvements in ventilation and other matters,
and must have included the smell of beautiful flowers in the
saloon, and the fragrant odors of the cuisine ; and yet there is
something on board every .ship to justify the lady's remark as
to the feelings that are experienced when once on the " rolling,
foaming billow^s." At the worst at the present time, the voyage
is short, and enjoyed greatly by most after the first desagre-
ments are over, and England is soon reached.

The buyers who go to Europe from Toronto are chiefly
confined to the dry goods and millinery trades ; while a few
visit the markets for fancy goods and toys, a few more for
china and earthenware, and one or two for jewelry, watches
and watch materials ; in these branches of business a visit
twice a year, or once at least, is indispensable; and while a good
share of pleasure may be enjoyed, in the variety of scene, the
attentions of business men, and the delightful scenery through
which the journeys lie, yet the responsibility is very great.

The cheapness of machinery has swept away a crowd of
prejudices and flooded us with comforts and luxuries unknown
to past generations.

As Lancashire is the central point for buyers, the writer is
taken back to his former residence at Brandlesholme Hall, near
Bury, just nine miles from Manchester.

From my hall door one could look out on a forest of factory
chimneys, extending for miles in every direction. Yonder is the
old seat of the Peel family, in which the late Sir Robert Peel

TORON'IO FKOM 1857 TO J 867.

Ill

was born, and here the calico printing', from the hand block.
work to the copper cylinder productions, has been cairicd on
from its commenceniont. Just behind is the Peel monument on
Holcomb Hill ; on the other side is the Grant monument, erected
in lionor of the family of that name who, cominj,' here from
Scotland, by wonderful skill and industry in this trade, accunm-
lated an immense fortune.

In London he will complete his purchases, as here, in the
great market of the woild, he will find every manufacture
represented, whether British or foreion.

It will be admitted that the j^osition of a buyer for Toronto
is no sinecure, and few requiie such a combination of qualifica-
tions. To be a successful buyer, taste, judc^ment, tact, prompt-
ness of decision, and self-reliance are Fall necessary ; and while
there are many pleasures connected with the travels of a regular
buyer, there is much responsibility.

In London, buyers are paid from £.')00 to £.'),000 sterling a
year, according to their experience, £1,000 being a common
salary. Buyers from Toronto for fancy goods, watch materials,
electro-plate, toys and such goods do not go over as much
ground as dry goods and millinery buyers, j'et have to visit
France, Switzerland and Germany, as well as London, Birming-
ham, Sheffield, and other places in England.

The grocery and hardware trades do not necessitate a regular
system of visiting their sources of supply, the bulk of these
trades being done by samples or through agents.

I. '

1860 to 1865.

Outside of general events, the local history of Toronto
from 1860 to 18G5 was that of the proverbially happy country
that has no history. The close of the decade of ihe fifties had
witnessed commercial depression, stagnation in trade and manu-
factures, starvation and miser}'. The first half of the decade
of the sixties brought commercial vigor, activity in trade and
manufdctures, abundance and prosperity.

It was the story of Pharaoh's kine reversed. The American

^ «^

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r«M;()N l<) " ( 'AI,I,II> r.ACK.

111

war caused the coiimIi y In !'•( ovcnMiu with cttimiiisHariut MijontH,
purcluisin'^ stonvs I'or |Ih> mimiiv. Auipricaii ,i;<>mI |ii»urr(l in in
steady streams, atid produce ol' all kinds could not l>e suiiplied
to nict't the deniiind.

I'')inni'i"s and merclianls reaped a tnildi-n luirvest, and many
a t'lulnne was accunnilaleil liy Iradei'and speculator. Toronto
had it> sh;u(< in thcLjeneral prospciil y, nnd the condition ol' tlu^
city was ouo hilh(>rto un(>\amplrd,

Purinn' this period the speculation in l;<)I<1 icached it.s climax.

l<'ort

Unes W(

re made and lost in exehaiiLres Ix'tween N«nv York

and Tfironto. (JimxIs hou'-ht. in American currc

ncy

ami i)Ui

fo)' in !4(ild at a hii^h prennnm, correspondimj; with the depre-
ciation in American currency, ^ave the importtMvs of American
•foods room to reali/e in.mense profits.

.\s an iMustrMtion ol' th(> tlillexMice in the values of the cur-
renc\- .at one time, the wi'ifer at\d tlu! Iat(» Mr. A. \V. Lauder
MdM'. when starlimjjto New York to meet oui' i'ami lies, who
haij IxMMi visiting- iii Mn^lanil. took ^^ll)t>nch Id a, hroker or»
Kim,'^ Street, t'oi- which we nceived SI 00 in American currency,
and as the ]>rice ol' <'\ cryt hiuL,' on the American side had r*;-
maiutxl unchani;eil — theii' ar^unxMit, heini;' thai, a. dollar was .still
a dollar. whi(di they soon found to he rather a. delusion — the
r.are to N(>w \'ork. which from th(> Su-ptn; ion P)i'id^o was $10,
was to us oidN- >^4, while a charoi^ ol' $4 a, day at the St
Xicl\«)las' llottd. N(M" ^"ork, was to tis just 81. (»0. Travidiers to
(.'anada soon Toinid lUit the real value of their currency, com-
pan^il with ours, when comiuix oil' the boats to nuike their
purchas(\s.

Ouo c'lMitleman, on purchasini;- an artich* oji KiiiL;; Street, tl
pric(> o{ which was 'J') cents, and ecttiuL; I •"> cents chanj,:fe out of

his doll

ill, wiis so chaeritu'd that he vowed h(> never aifain

1 h

would juit his foot on Tanadian soil.

Till" return t(^ specie paynitMts was much more rapid than
• iiiy one had anticipateil.

(i. r.ow

who hud tilleil thi> civic chair in 18iS-4n-

■)(). and liatl hc(>n dt>scrihed as the iihlest man who over lilleil
the olhci> of Chief Ma<^istrate up to that time, wa.s aj^ain honored

\VI

TOIIONIM I l!<»M iSr.y TO |H<17. 1 1.''.

til Uh« C'liiliilffncr lit' liJM rcll<)w-(riti/''ns hy lniriL,' (tlcotr-'l

ill »li.> yciirs |.S(;i-(i2-(i.'{.

Mr. \]

oV/MiM Hpnrcil ncitlirr iinn; nor cxjirii;!} in kccpinif tip {])>'■

dif^nity of liin oMico un<l attcmlinL,' t.o his (InticM ; liisi lioHpiiality
iinil licnc.voloncn cxtcntlirij^' f'jir li<'yon<l tlic crriolutncntM attarlicl
to tluMillicc. Tlio ccHpcct in wliicli In> was licM vv(i,s most rnarl<<'<l
vvlK'ncvtT ]]() \\\;\i\(' liis )i|»prar)i,nr(>, aiwl tlic, alino'-t nnivcisd,!
r('Co,u;iiition nccoiilrrl hiin wai proof of his L,'i'<"fit popularity.

n pinilic o('casi(»r>s Mr. r.owcs always fijipcfirco in ollicmi
costiuni', which, althoii^'h not ornaiiicntffl with tlw ^'old chdin,
s the lioril Mii\()rs in MiilHiiimI, was most appropriate and
licroiiiinL;.

Dr. I

ilissc

(.f th.

homlon

I III

<''^, writfH

Hi CI

ty i

s so

very sui|iiisin,i.( in the t'xtcnt of its puhlin ('(Jifif^fis that I was
fain to write! to an American fricriil in New York to cornc! up

I'l (ulmiri' what had hccn doru) in Mrc.hitectui'o under n, rri

onar-

chy, if he wished to appi'ccjati! the horrihh; state of that l»ranch

)f th

marki

ine arts un<ler his (IciniK-racv. < lurches, catlieijnils,

ts, 1

)OS

t otli

ice, colleges, schools, mechanics' institute, rise

in imperial 'liL;iiity in tli(3 city. The shojis aro lar^e and well

furni.'^

led with floods.

" In the winttn* time tln^ streets ari; (illed with siei'dis, and
the air is j^ay witJi tie! carollinLj of their htdls. Some of the
sleighs are exceeditiL^dy eleL,^'i.nt in form and finish, anil are,
proviijeil with very expensive furs, not only for the use of tho
occupants, hnfc for display. 'I'he hoi-sivs are small, spirited
animals, of no ^reat pretension to heanty.

" 'I'Ik! ))(!ojih! i»i the .street are well dressed, cfjinfoi-tahle look-
\\\<^, well-to-do ; not ,so tall as the yieoph; in Nt;w Vork, hut
stouter and more stur-ly lookinij. Their winter hriti;;s no dis-
comfort, as fuel is ahuridant, and when the wind is not hlowin;/
liioji tlio weather is very aj^reeahh;."

Anthony 'I'rollope says : "Tcjronto, as a city, is not ;^rf;nerally
attractive to a traveller. The cotmtry around it is lla,t; althoUL^h
it stands on a lake;, that lake has no attrihutes of heanty. Tho
streets of Toronto ire pavetl with wood, or rather [)lanked, a-i
aro those of Mfinrrcial or <»)ueliec, hut they are kept in hettor

114

ToKoN ro ■' ( 'Al I.KP HvcK."

ovtlov. 1 vlhnil.i sny (1\,m< ilir pljiuKs mio HvmI used iti TofiMi<t>,
Mud tluMi son! (Ituvn 1\\ the 1j\K(> to Mon(r(>nl, und w l\t>n <»II Ixil
ro<<»'(l oii(. <h«\v Miv nonin ilontod oiVUv i\\o St. lia\M»>Mot', (o Itp
\is(vl in <h(^ fhoriMj^hl'Mvos of <li(> old c.'ipilid."

Tins is soii\(nv1i!\< liMid m^m ly^iiclnH', li\i< is highly il(\H»M-infr
to Toi\M\<o. Hul tlnMo is Uit vo'M^ \vi(liiMi(. ils ncooni|Minvit\n
thovn. At this iinio nnothov wrili-r nifiMins im " (h.-it il' (lir
stroi^ts of Toronio Mr.> IxMlcr tliMii tho^o ol' odicr (owjim, |1u>
ronds niiMind it ;\\o wovso.

" 1 hiui il\(^ honor." h(^ writi^^, " of nicotinu; two distin^\iish('d
n\o;nh<Ms of r;\vliiu\it>ni n< diinior sonio few inih's o\i|. of town.
Mnd r.Muvnino haolv n sliori (in\(> !\\'iov i\\o\ hi\d KM'l (h»> host s
honso. \v;is olad io hi^ of \is(> in pirUino ih(>ni up fron\ m dilch
intv> >vhioh thoir can i;\i;o hnd hocn vipsot."

■* J

'VUo Fonian Rn.id

lift

iMl

In MiUt^h. 1S()(\ tl\(^ l-'iMUMus hiui fornx^d an (^I.-iliorMtc n\ilil

pl;\n for thp o;\|><ur«> i^i i"\\v.;u\;\. inohidinii;- tlu> s.-izinc of the
tivand Trunk K.ulwjw b\ S\\o(>n\. with ,'U),()l)0 nion. A

s. was h(>l(l

mns.s
lontvss

mootinii. MtttMioo.i by 10(V(^(H) porson

Wood. Now VvM'k. ;\nd drilling- wiM\t on o\m'u]\ nil ov(>r Ihr

Northorn Statos.

Tlio most vio-iM'iHis olVorts W(M"(» n\!\dt^ io j*('p(»l nnv invasion
l>0(iios ot' xoiuntoors w«m'(^ dospntt'hiMJ io tho pi'inoipMl jioints
aloni^- tho fvt^ntior.

Kislu'ip liVtioh issumi i\ cwcnhw vltM\ounoino l«\M\iMnisni. and
oallino- upon tho poi>plo to ropol tho throatonod itwnsion. A

mootini^: of tho St. Trttriok's Sooiotv was l\oKl and V
lOunc

oniMniNui

w\. A l>ofonco (.'iMnniitt 00 was t\>rniod foi- tlioprotcoti

of tho oity. and lihoral suhsoripti(>ns W(M'o i;ivon amid groat
tMithusiasni. tho hito Mr. Williain Cawtiira lu\'»ding the li.st
with ?1.000

At this timo tho Canadian forcos oonsj.sfod of 10,000 roiruhir
triX'>ps ; 1 1 .000 volnntoors on frontior sorvioo : 1 r>.000 vohmt o«>rs
roftdy for imniodiato sorvico. aiui Si),000 militia ballotod for
and roadv to bo oallod out.

'PI

'I'miONIu I UdM iS.iT lO I'^dT.

i.mI r.

|i> t'XCIIi'llH'Ml. 'U|lm(>(|Uf'IM IV MnllMUh'M lit) II t,|||M

till,

nil III

ni^lit. Ill' |.|ii> 2!UJi III' Mn V. til'' 'Iriiii'Mlcfl ciciiliin'M iiiiidc it iIm'^iIi
firnmM j.li, Niniriini llivcr rmiM I'.iiiriiln, iini|(>r (Juloiii'l ONi-ill.
iiiiil ('(Hiluii'il jf'iiri lOfic. '!'!m> miimiIii'I wmm viuiouHly pfltinmifd
n(. ri(»in fidO III y.OOO.

VVIii'M jiti' ni'WM n'Mclii'il 'rnroiliu l.lir ^mciiI st. rxril.t'iiicnl. pn-
vailiMl.MH it \\i\^ Hii|i|iiiHi<(| li\- (Ti'tiiiiir n. rniiMiulil l)ir^r« rrinl'irci'
IIMMiIh wnlllil HiiiiM rnlliiw. mill Mini, llii-v wniil'l |ii iiIdiIiI y icnrli
'rurnnlo lirl'itii' 1 lii>ir jiidt^ri'^H cniilil Im> clH'cki'il Tim iii'iini'iit

l.lll" lll'WM WMM ITCriviMJ liy Ml'' ( InVITIllIHIlt, h(iri|is, liotll rilj^ll-

\n\ mill inililin, wimi' ili"-i|ifil<'lM>i| mh ni|ii<llv us |i(is(silil<' I'nifii

Tl Ml III 1 1 1,

Twn cdliimtH III' troops wore iliiccliil li\- iliHi'rciii touted io
l''iirt I'liif . iiin> — ci!'iisisil,iiin piiii('i|i!ill V "I I'v^iiIium, wil.li n lidM.fry
ol' lii>l(| nrlill"i'y. niiKMinliiiLj (f» (iImhiI, l.."i(l(> ini'ii. iiri'lfr f,li(>
t'oimmunl nl' (IiiIumpI I'l-iirock, MiMi I'l-MiiM'iit. pi()C('((|((| Ly
way III' Nininini, I'mIIm niiij < liippi>\vii. , ilif iitlifi {•(irnposfil
nlln^^rrlJioi' ol' tniJiliM, iiImiiiI •'>'"> in miiiiti'T, i!ii'li>r I. lie c'liriiriHn'l
of Onlniiol DniiiiH Weill liy tlic Wfliiui'l l',ii.ilwn,y t/lirovi^li \'itr{.
(.lolliiinii'.

Tlio l'\'ninns n>iiiii,iiii'il in possi'^sion ol' l''orl. I'^rif (,ill Ui«;
nimnin;; ul' tlu^ 2nil nl' iFiiih'. wImii lln>y ad vnricfl towards fori
('ollionir. ( 'oloiiid rioiilsi>|-, (111 wlmiii tlic (■.riiniriand of" tlic
niililia di'volvcd, roiiii'l llwiii Htroniriy pickled ni l!id;^<way.
Il(> imiiicdiaicly aita. kcd Miriii, at, fiiHl. wiMi siK'f.dHs, liiif. firid-
inir liiiiisidl' oppoH(>i| in snpnrior iinmliorH and IiIh anirniiniiiorii
failin;^. lio rctunicl iowar<lH I'ori ( lojlioiiic, with a Iosh of six
UiIIimI a.nd forty womid<'(| ; tlic riiciiiy Hiifl'niinjf nlioiit *!f|ually.

(.loloiii'l I'l'iicocU di'l not reach l''ort Kric. till after rii^^ht, wh»'ri
tho Fenians re-iMiiliarUed, jeavinrj a fow of their wounded and
a fow Htraj^rirliM-H, in all aliout HJxty men, in the- harid.s of the
Canadians.

Tlui brunt of the hattle. fell n|ic)n the, (.^lUion's Own TlifleH,
livo of whom vvir(! killed, 'i'hoy wort; so jilaced as to ho with-
out support, and hehaved with the utmost gallantry. TIkj
bodies w(5re removed to Toronto, and were dis[)layef| in tho
drill .shod for several hours on n platform draped with hlack.

.' I

IK)

ToudNTo "Callku I;A(JK."

Tlio cottin of Kiisit^n ^[cEachran occupied the initMlo ami front
position, covcrcil with the Union Jack; that of Corporal
Ucfrios was placivl on tlio rii^ht, and that of Private Ander.son
on the U ft. The coMins of Privates Alder.son fin<l Ti'mpest wore
placed lu'hind and above, covered witli ila>,'.s. The procession
from the drill ,shed to St. .lames' Cemetery was led by the band
of the 47th Regiment. The Mayor and Corporation, with an
immense concourse of citiz(>ns, accomj>anied the funeral. The
bui'ial service was read by the llev. II. J. Grasett. Several
(jther members of the Queen's Own died from the effects of
wounds and exposure, amon^'st whom were Mew burn. Mat he-
son, Lcckie and McKenzie.

A handsome monument in the Queen's Park connnemorates
their bravery.

To prevent further attempts nine steamers on the lakes were
temporarily turned into i^unboats, and 20, 000 troops stationc<l
at dill'erent poiiits alonj^ the frontier.

Colonel O'Neill, and other rini,deaders, inclu'lin;^ a Protestant
and Roman Catholic chaplain, were tried, and the writer was
present when the Colonel was sentenced to be hunt,^ The
sentence was not carried out, however, havinj^ been commuted
to imprisonment in the penitentiary ; and so ended the great
invasion.

Close of the Second Decade.

This decennial perioil was not marked by any extraordinary
pro(T^ress, beino- more a time of recuperation of resources than
of actual advancement.

The importations at the eml of 1S60 were a little less than
they hail been ten years previously, amountini^ to S6, 340,079 ;
the city expenditure was S322,«s92, compared with 8299,848 in
18o6 ; retrenchmint and economy had been judiciously exer-
cised and the future made all the brighter in consequence.

The opening of the Street Railway by Mr. Easton in 1861,
from Yorkville to the St. Lawrence Market, was hailed with
great delight, and a good deal of excitement took place when

'■lii

Toronto fiiom 1857 to 1SG7.

117

the tii-st car arrived at the coriuT of King and Yon.ro Streets.
The untlertakini;, not proving |)rolital)le, was afterwards liandcd
over to Mr. J. G. Bowes, who was the owner up to the time of
his death.

One or two ]oconioti\e engines had Ijoen huilt by Mr. James
Good at ins woiks on Queen Sti'eet, fn^m whence they were
taken down Yonge Street to the iS'oithern Railway track witli
(|uite a disphiy of ])i-ide on tlie ])art (A' tlie citizens generally.

J:ietween LSGO and ISOU Toronto was visited l)y three Princes,
besides il. K. II. the Prince of Wales. After liim came Pi-ince
Alfri'd, as midshipman in the Koyal Navy ; leaving his ship at
Halifax, he paid Toronto an informal visit, and was received
with every demonstration suitable to the occasion. As Duke
Oi Edinbuigh lie has since sailed round the world.

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, arrived in Toronto in
18G9, and won all hearts by his princely demeanor. Of moie
connnamling presence than either of his brothers, his a])pear-
ance created great enthusiasm. The Prince ])lanted a tree in
the Horticultural Gardens as a memento of his visit. 'J'he
Grand Duke Alexis, of Russia, also paid Toronto a visit and
was well received.

The increase of manufactures .since iSoG was not very re-
markable, and consisted of chemicals, bru.shes, confectionery,
engines and boilers, pumps, scales, vinegar, trunks an<l saddler}',
stained glass, carriages, refrigerators, and brass work, all of
which gave employnient to numbers of operatives, and con-
tributed to the growth and prosperitj' of the city.

Notwithstanding the financial crisis and consequent depres-
sion experienced in Toronto du»'ing this period, improvements
went on. Churches, banks, several benevolent institutions and
private residences sprang into existence. The city continued
to extend in every direction, and the population continued to
increase. The Esplanade had been built, foruung a continuous
street, which proved a great convenience in reaching the wharves,
to which access previously could only be had by coming up
from one wharf to Front Street and down to another, and the
receiving and slii}))')ing of goods were greatly facilitated.

■' i!
"\i ■

'.'

'i i )

] ' ,

1]H

Toronto "Callkd Back."

■ ,1 f

On tlio 17th Marcli, l.S(5G, tlio reciprocity treaty terminated
in consecjuence of notice ^'iven hy the United States.

On Htli .lune the first nieetini^ of Parliament took place in
the new buil(lin<jf at Ottawa, and final resolutions us to Con-
federation passed.

I'AKLIA.ME.NT UUILUI-NUS, UXXAWA.

TORONTO FltOM ISC.T TO ISTT.

Confederation.

When tlie clock struck niidiii<,'lit on tlie .SOth of June, 18G7,
the joy bells of St. Junien' Cathedral rant; out; it was the 1st
of July, the birthday of the new ])otninion. Confederation
was accomplished, and Toronto was once more a cajjital. The
capital only of a Province, it is true, but that Province the
wealthiest, the most enterprisini,', and the most populous in the
Union. The day was observed ijy the j^^reatest rejoicings in
the city. What with bonHres, fireworks and illuminations,
excursions, military displays, and musical and other enter-
tainments, the citizens and the thousands of strani^ers who
crowded the streets did not want for amusement. Since the
visit of the Prince of Wales no such day had I)oen witnessed
in Toronto.

To celebrate the event a banquet was given in th(! Music
Hall, over the present Public Library room, at which the Hon.
John A, Macdonald and Hon. George Brown were the principal
guests, as having united for the accomplishment of this grand
and crowning work. Their mutual interchange of compliments
on the occasion, when each spoke of the other as respec-
tively the greatest statesman and patriot Canada had ever
produced, was a striking feature on this memorable and fes-
tive occasion.

Lord Monck was the first Governor-General of the Dominion,
Sir John A. Macdonald being Premier.

1 ■ 1:1 '
i5l ■ »

ill

"lit'

120 'l"«»KoMU 'M.'ai,i.i;i) r.ACK."

Paris Univcoiil Exposition, 18G7.

From I)iH'rnil>('r, lS(i(!, to .Immiuy, IMIS. tiic wrilfi- crosscil
tlu' Atlantic six tiiiics, keeping \i|i ji constant coi rrsjioniicncc
with Toronto, as fur as cii-owinstanccs would |n'rniit, a lai'^c
|«oition ol" tltc time I'cin*; spent t>n tlic water.

W liiK' 'I'oronto was rccoveritiL; i'rom the reaction caused liy
the cessation of the American \^'ar, witli tl\e consei|nent los'^ ol
(UMnaiid lor Canadian proihicts, and th(> alarm ol' I'lnMhei- l"'enian
invasions was suhsidine, inn)ortant events were transpiring^ in
Europi', some oi' which are mcmoraMo as matters of history.

'I'he m()st remaikiilih' tiial of modern times, that of the'lieli-
borne claimant, was j^oine- on in W'estminstiM' Hall, liondon.
Lvindon and Paj-is were visited liy the Sultan of 'I'urkey and
the Vic(>roy of l\:;y]>t.

The spU>ndid I'^xhihition in Paris was the j^reat centre of
attraction for visitors friun all parts of the woi'ld, nmon<j;st
wliom Were inunhers from Canada, and man}' from Toronto,
some of wiiom tiie writer met and spiMit the Sund.ay with in
visitine- th(> churches, and also the celebrated cemetery of IVre
la Chais(\ where repo-;e the ashes of Iciuijjs, ([ueens, emperoi's,
statesmen, ])oi>ts. philosophers, musicians, painters and all ranks
of Parisians down to the humble woikman, and here crowds of
people visit on Suuthiys to decorate tlie tombs.

'I'lie followinu' Thursthiy, the 1 1th of .Inly, may lie rei^arded
as the t'lrnim;' point in the history of Xa])oleon 111. lie
had seen Paris arise under his direction as with a mai;ician's
wand, to a point of unparalleled spleuxur. Mile after mile of
maijniticent U^ulevards had sprung ijito existence. The Exhi-
bition had eclipsed all those which ])receded. Paris had been
visited bv Kin<:;s and Emperors, and on the dav named a sjraml
military review of tiie troojvs took place in the presence of
Abtlul Aziz, then Sultan of Turkey, Ismael Pasha, G.C.B.,
Viceroy of Egypt, being there the same week.

This was the last peaceful military display ever witnessed by
the Emperor. Not very long after the Franco-Prussian War
broke out, terminating in the surrender at Sedan.

P !'

!lll'

ToiKiMO MIOM I.S(J7 TO IS77.

121

Tariffd of England, United States and Canada from

1869 to 1876.

Maviii;^ rctirctl from tlu! direct iinportin;^ trjult^ in l<Sf)f),
tlic writer M('ct'|»t<'<l tlic a^'cncy of tlw; linn of I'ottia'M ^ Mnrtin
(liimilcd », of MiiiK'licstcr, Kri^diuid, for tli<! IJiiitfMJ Stiit.cs und
Cjumdii. Tlds (irni liiul liccii cstiililislK'd nearly a (M'lit.nry Ix;-
forc, tlif licad at oiic tinu! Iiciri^ Sir .lolin i'uttiir, undf-r tlui
stylo of I'ot.tt'rH t!v Norris, and sMhs(M|U('ntly of I'ottci-s ^ 'I'ay-
lor ; the present Mr. ThoniaH jiaiiey I'Dtter, M.I'., continninj^
the liusiness till ilie introduction of Mr. Martin as partner,
well known as tlie friend of Mr. ('oliden nnd Mr. .lolm Uri'dit,
luid is still tlie cliairnian of tho Colxlen Clul), and a niproscnta-
tive free trader.

Mavin;^ lieen a l»nyei' of American ^oods for many years, T
had a t^'ood knowiefln(. of the leading lines of their domestic
manufjietnres, which up to a com|)arativoly recent period Jiad
heen linnted in both uundier and ext«!nt; and havintr en<'a<'(!d
three tiavelh'rs to look after the Canadian i)Usiness, I undtjr-
took to <lo all the United States' trade mys(df, and with tiiis
view <f()t up an itnmense line; of samples wei;,dun^ .some five
hundred pounds, and comprisinf^ a full assortment of British
dry goods, l)csides everything in French and German <;oods
for whicla an order was likely to be olitained. During six
years of this bu.siness I had the best opportunity of seeing the
operation of the tai'ifl's of the three countries. Every invoice
passed through my hands, and all the correspondfmce, ext(!nd-
ing from Halifax to Winnipeg, and Baltimore to St. Louis, was
carried on by myself directly, while the ground gone over
twice a year was about five thousand nules each journey.

The amount of business done in the States may be judged
from the sales of the year 1875, representing in Ameiican
money about i?'5<)0,000. That amount was done from a very
few lines of the samples carried, and if a fair proportion of the
good.s previously imported from England had been ordered the
amount could have reached the miIlion.s. But the rapid growth

!♦

122

Toronto "Called Back."

of their manufactures from season to season, under the high
tariff, <(i«a(lually excluded line after line, and instead of havino;
six hundred pounds of samples, one hundred pounds would be
amply sufficient to represent all the goods there was any chance
of selling, and by the end of 187G the United States were
independent of the world for all necessary goods ; those
which might be called luxuries only being required for their
wants.

The firm which I represented did not seem to appreciate the
real position of affairs, and in the face of these facts would
supply me with lists of members of the Cobden Free Trade
Club, amongst whom were a few American names, including
that of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher.

To circulate literature of that kind amongst my clients would
have been as ineifectual as the efforts of Free Traders in 1885,
described by the Philadelphia Free Press, which says : — " The
Free Traders are preparing to smash the tariff again. The per-
formance will resemble the efforts of an over-ripe tomato to
smash a stone fence."

In taking orders, it was necessary to take the American
tariff constantly as a vade mecum. This required constant
stud}', with its endless distinctions in specific and ad valorem
rates, and both combined. It was evident that no branch of
industry had been overlooked, and that every manufacturer,
small and larire, had been at Washington and had a clause in-
serted for his own benefit, and so the manufactures spread and
grew with amazing rapidity. The average rate on our goods
was about GO per cent, ad valorem, and this was always pay-
able in gold, the premium on which, during this period, aver-
aged nearly 20 per cent. To illustrate the actual cost of foreign
goods to the importer, it may be stated, that at the highest rate
of duty paid this year (1892) in Canada, goods can be laid down
at about G5 per cent, advance on the sterling cost, or 3^ cents to
the penny.

The simplest way the leading importers in the States used to
arrive at the probable cost of goods, in giving their orders, was
the latter calculation of so many cents to the penny. As

iff

'1 '■

ill ;'i

- IH

N . I

MKTKOrOLlTAN I 111 lt( II.

Toronto iiiom |.sg7 ro |s77.

12-

iiuMiirjL,' in <li'y ^ooiIh paid Icv^s tliim 2.") per cent. a<l rahtrfin., no
jroods coliM 1m« laid <lo\vti for less Uni.ti 4 CfJils, wliilo iiiont cost
^.h i<> 5 cctitM. The cllict, ol' this hiijh ra,t(i ol" (luty wmh to hrini^'
sdinc I'liti^h maiHiriu'tiict'rs to cstfildish thnir \vo)-I<m in tlie

Sl.'lt.-M.

MrssTM. (ViJitH Mild ('!nrl<, thn nirnt thread iniituiractiu'eis,
lindin'' th(\ diU'erenr*! in (hity lietween threiul in hanks nrid on
spools t.o \>{\ so f^rfeat (on the lattcrr (Jie duty, lieini^ specilic,
nached io ail averai^e of 72 per cent, nil, uti/orciii), opened hir;^-e
esta,l'lishiiie?its in New .leisey, wh('i-(! now tlniir tl eud is all
spoolefl, viviii'f employment to hundnMis of operatives, and hy
so niiicli deprjvjtiL,^ I'aislcy of the |)ayin(!nt oi" thcso people's
wanes, Mild all the corresitondiii'' advantaLies. All this time
Aniericari <;(»ods were heiii;^ shipped to IOn^la,nd free of duty,
and the cliiiiax was reacliefl when, on my last trip, I was asked
to lake samples of American cottons, thes(i hein^ '"''■o'''y ■'^"'''
close Ity the warehouse in Maticliester, and olier them for salt;
ill Canada (!j while not a yard of similar ;(oods nnule in lOni^darid
was sold in the whole of the United Slates. This proj)osal I
at once lH'ifnr(.(l to decline; it would have liocsn too humiliating.
The 'foods referre(| <<), admitted fre(' into Mri'daiid, wen*
lialile at th(^ time in the States to a (hity of five; cents a.

t. od ral.ort'

'I'his did not

s(|uare y)ir<l, Jiiid ten per c(!n
appear to me to Ixi in any senso " fair tra<le," tlic opinions of
tli(^ jjjrcat MaTichester iiia,nufM,(!tur(!rs to inc. contrary notwith-
staiiilitiLi; Ahout the saiiK! time the firm of lta.ndall, Karr \' Co,
of llespeler, Ontario, who wen? (!\tensiv/ely (!n^a'.n'(| in the
manufacture of Alpa(!a cloths, not liein^ al)l(! to compcitc witfi

issa,cliusctts,

Tiritish <^oods, i'emove(
and never retuMie»l,

1 tl

leir whoI(! iiiachin(!i

to Mi

Metropolitan Church.

Durini,' the residence of I*ev. Dr. Punshon in Toronto, the
con<^ree;a,tion worsliipjiiuf^ in th(5 old Adelaide Stn^et Church,
corner of Toronto Street, fcuilin^f the necessity of incrtiased
accommodation, as well as of having a building of nioro ni(jdern

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Toronto "Called Back."

style, in looking around for a site, fixed their attention on McGill
Square, then about to be sold. The late Rev. Dr. Taylor and
Dr. Pmishon, with other members and trustees, soon secured
the property, relying to a great extent on the services and
influence of Dr. Punshon to raise funds for the erection of a
church in the centre of the square.

The corner stone was laid in 1870, and soon the present
magniticent structure appeared in its grand and beautiful
proportions.

The building has so often been described, and is so familiar
to both citizens and visitors, that any present description is
quite unnecessary ; besides, any attempt to describe the churches
of Toronto, would involve a larger amount of space, from the
vast number that have sprung up of late years, than these pages
could afford.

The Metropolitan Church with its beautiful grounds, so splen-
didly ornamented with trees and flowering shrubs, as well as
flower beds, belongs not only to the Methodist body, but to the
whole city of Toronto, forming, as it does, an open square,
which is at once a boon and ornament to Toronto, and remains
a lasting monument to the memory of Dr. Punshon, and also
to Drs. Taylor, Ryerson and Green, as well as laymen who
contributed liberally towards its erection.

While some churches in Methodism are more elegant and
vastly more expensive, there is not one in the world — take it
altogether, internally and externally, the grounds included —
which, in all its appointments, is so complete as the Metro-
politan Church of Toronto. Messrs. Langley & Burke were the
architects.

A beautiful stained glass window, in memory of Mrs. Punshon,
who died at their residence on Bond Street, was placed by Dr.
Punshon in the south-west gallery.

In 1870 and 1871

Toronto had become a very important commercial centre. The
principal streets wore an aspect of staid, unpretentious pros-

Toronto fiiom 1867 to 1877.

127

perity. They had ben;un to spread out indefinitely ; the area of
the population had been widely and rapidly extended. From
the Provincial Lunatic Asylum on the west, to far eastward
beyond the Don, stretched mile upon mile of densely popu-
lated thorou_£(li fares. To the northward, Bloor Street had long
since ceased to be anything more than a nominal boundary
between Toronto and Yorkviile. The Esplanade on the City
front had become a hive of railway and general industry.
Jarvis Street had been beautified with elegant and stately resi-
dences. King and Yonge Streets continued to monopolize the
lion's share of the retail business; but Front and Wellington
had developed into the centre of the wholesale trade, and many
large and wealthy establishments had headcjnarters there.

A writer in the Canadian Illustrated 2\'ews (Montreal), at
this time indulges in some rather severe strictures on the aspect
of our streets, which he describes to be, generally speaking,
either dirty or narrow, with the light of heaven almost shut
out ; or broad, wretchedly paved, certainly with a number of
sufficiently handsome houses, but at the same time with an
undue preponderance of common, and generally having the
appearance of being laid out on the sand-fiat. He admits, how-
ever, that Toronto possesses two principal streets, sufficiently
broad, well lit, and well paved, and lined with handsome shops.
Some of this gentleman's comments on the social aspect of the
streets are suggestive and entertaining.

"Between the two principal streets of the Western Capital is
a great gulf, made by the inflexible laws of society and fashion
— a gulf as great as separates the Bowery from Broadway, the
Rue de Rivoli from Hue Mont Parnasse, or Rogcnt Street and
Rotten Row from the humble thoroughfares of Pentonville and
the City Road.

" The buildings on King Street are greater and j'randor than
their neighbors on Yonge ; the shops are larger and dearer ;
and last, but not least, King Street is honored by the daily
presence of the aristocracy, while Yonge is given over to the
business of the middle-class and the beggar. Amid the upper
classes there is a performance that goes on daily, that is known.

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Toronto "Called Back."

among hahitues as 'doing King.* It consists principally of
marching up and down a certain part of that street at a certain
hour, povforming, as it were, ' Kotow ' to the goddess of fashion,
and sacrificing to her sister divinity of fashion.

" At three o'clock in the afternoon the first stragglers appear
on the scene, which extends perhaps a quarter of a mile. Thuse
consist principally of young ladies, whose proper place shouLi
be at school, and young men attired in the height of fashion.
By the time these ardent devotees have paraded a few times,
the regular Itahitues make their appearance, and till six o'clock
in the evening one side — for one side only is patronized — is
crowded to excess.

" It is rather considered 'the thing ' to patrol King Street in
this manner ; and of a fine evening every one who belongs to
the elite, as well as many who do not, may be seen persever-
ingly trudging up and down, no doubt to their great comfort,
and to the intense di .comfort and dismay of others less smiled
upon by nature or less favored by their tailors or their dress-
makers. King Street is, in a ivay, a great social ' Change,'
where everybody meets everybody and his wife ; where the
latest fashions are exhibited, and the last quotations of the
matrimonial market are exchanged.

" Would you see the newest style in hats or panniers ? They
are to be seen on King Street. And would you know how many
vouno; swells are doing nothing for a living ? You are sure to
find them on King Street. Would you wish to hear the last
imprudence of young Harura Scarum, or the progress of Miss
Slowcome's engagement ? You may be sure before you take
half-a-dozen turns some conversant, intelligent busy-body of
your acquaintance will have whispered the facts of the case in
your ear, all of which he has 'on the best authority, sir.' It is
on King Street that Clelius makes his appointment with Clelia
fur their afternoon walk ; that Thersites, jealousy stricken,
scowls at Adonis; and that Pomponia depreciates the value ot
her dear friend Amaltheus' new silk and trimmings. There
Cornelia, the careful mother, brings out her treasures and
exhibits to the public gaze those desirable lots of which she is

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Toronto fhom 1867 to 1S77.

129

so anxious to dispose on advantageous terms. While far above
all, Diogenes, in his garret, little more roomy or conunodious
than the ancient ' tub,' looks down upon the motley throng,
notices their petty follies and foibles, and thanks his lucky
stars that he is not as other men."

In 1871 the population was 50,000, an increase in ten years
of 11,000. During the next three years, Toronto, in common
with the Province, enjoyed an unexampled epoch of prosperity.
A remarkable impetus was given to all the usual branches of
trade; and the commerce, both wholesale and retail, assumed
such proportions as not even the most sanguine had hoped for.
More than 18,000 were added to the population, and both public
and private enterprise kept pace with this rapid increase. The
streets were full of bustle and activity.

Mercantile palaces were built by some of the leading houses,
and many of the finest mansions and most beautiful churches
in the city were erected.

The progress made since Confederation had been amazing.
Not only had its area and population largely increased, but it
had been greatly beautified by the erection of huge business
establishments, and palatial private residences; and it had
developed a commercial enterprise and energy which seriously
endangered the pretensions of Montreal to the mercantile
supremacy of the Dominion.

It was during 1872-7-i that Toronto began to make the ra]nd
strides in commercial enterprise that placed her in the proud
position she nov/ occupies. They were years of unusual pros-
perity, and trade of all kinds received a remarkable impetus.
Happily the foundations then laid of the city's mercantile
greatness was sufficiently solid to resist the shock of the
reaction that followed.

In July, 1873, a delightful passage was made to England in
the Allan steamer Polynesian from Quebec. After passing
through the btraits of Belle Isle large icebergs were seen, while
the weather was that of summer. Amongst the passengers
were Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Aikins, of Toronto, and the family of
Mr. and Mrs. Gammon, of Chicago, visiting Europe for the first

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130

Toronto "Called Back."

time. The fine weather gave an opportunity for games of
various kinds on deck, those of shuffle-board and quoits being
the favorites. A very pleasant time was spent in London in

siffht-seeinsf.

Return of Rev. Dr. Punshon to England.

During my stay in Manchester, in 1873, the late Rev. Dr.
Punshon — who, had he lived, would have done as much to
recomuiend Canada, and Toronto in particular, to the attention
of the English people as any other man, having frequently stated
he was bound to the country by the dead and the living — re-
t'^rned to England. In company with Dr. Gervase Smith and
other friends, we met him at the railway station on his arrival
from Liverpool.

The Weslevan Conference being then in session in the Fiee
Trade Hall, the Doctor was expected to attend one of the even-
ing meetings. The Conference, numbering about six hundred
ministers, occupied the great platform, while the audience was
fully six thousand in number.

Dr. James occupied the presidential chair, and all were on
the qui-vive for the appearance of Dr. Punshon, who was known
to have arrived. Soon he entered quietly at the back of the
platform and took a seat, but was instantly recognized, when
the immense audience stood up, and between clapping of hands
and waving of handkerchiefs, round after round, the scene
baffles description. For the time all the Doctor could do was
to stand with head bent down and eyes streaming v/ith tears,
until an opportunity was given afterwards for giving expres-
sion to his feelings in words. It was a scene never to be for-
gotten.

In 1874 a voyage from England was made in company with
several Toronto gentlemen, including the late Rev. Dr. Jennings.
One of the passengers was the now celebrated Mr. Joseph Arch,
M.P., who, it is reported, took the oath in the House of Com.-
mons dressed in a suit of corduroy, and appeared at a banquet

Toronto fiiom 1867 to 1877.

giveu in his honor, amongst a number of noblemen and gentle-
men, dressed in a tweed suit.

Mr. Arch was accompanied by a secretary, and represented
the Laborers' Trade Union of England ; himself a working-man.
Their object was to get information as to the desirability of
emigration on a large scale. After travelling extensively
through Canada and the United States they returned to
England, but no practical results followed.

On the passage many lively discussions on politics took place,
in which Mr. Arch showed himself to be a man of good common
sense and of moderate views, with a decided tendency to the
democratic side. He is a Methodist local preacher.

St. James' Cathedral Clock.

Nearly twenty years ago the citizens of every denomination
united to purchase the world's prize timekeeper from Benson &
Sons, of London, and succeeded in placing it in the tower on
Christmas Eve, 1875.

This clock possesses a threefold movement, viz., keeping time,
chiming, and striking the hours and quarter-hours. The com-
bined weights to keep it going are over three thousand pounds ;
the pendulum is over sixteen feet in length, the end weight
being two hundred and fifty pounds. The quarter-hour chimes
are a copy of the famous Cambridge chimes in England, com-
posed by Handel one hundred years ago, and may become in
time, to citizens of Toronto, what Bow Bells are to inhabitants
of London.

The year 1875 had been marked by a very perceptible
reaction in the commercial world of Toronto.

The year 187G came in gloomily, and with murmurs against
the trade policy, and yet improvements went steadily on. New
streets were being opened up in all directions, and the popula-
tion went on increasing.

At the close of 187C the imports to Toronto had reached
Sll,231,54.3 ; the value of taxable propeiLV was 8-47,150,302,
and the population had grown to 71,0!.'8. It will be seen from

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132

Toronto "Called Back."

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the above that the value oP the imports had nearly doubled in
ten years ; the f^reatest increase having taken place between
1871-72. After a period of prosperity a time of depression set
in that continued till 1878, when the city began slowly to
recover from the ofi'ects of evil times.

Several new and additional manufactures had been intro-
duced, amongst wl. ^h were Hne jewellery, steam gauges, engines
and general machinery, watch cases, elevators, rubber stamps,
cork cattinnr and varnishes.

The highest p )int the duty had reached up to this time was
twenty per c<nt. ad valorem, except on one or two articles
Oil which, by way of incidental protection, twenty-five per
cent, was charged. These goods were principally ready-made
clothing.

During the second decade British Columbia and Prince
Edward Island were admitted into the Confederation; also the
North-West Territories and the Province of Manitoba.

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TORONTO FROM 18TT TO 1887.

Protection versus a Revenue Tariff.

The question of Protection versus a Revenue Tariff, inaugu-
rated in 1879, brought in the Tilley Tariff and National Policy.

Previous to 1858 the manufacturinir industries of Toronto
were few and small. At this time, in the Parliament of United
Canada, then sitting in Toronto, a protective tariff was intro-
duced by Inspector-General Cayley, the rate being twenty per
cent., and, as previously stai'^d, on some goods twenty-five per
cent. The improvement was soon perceptible in the immediate
impetus given to manufactures, which continued till 1866,
when Inspector-Gei ^ral Gait cut down the tariff to fifteen per
cent., producing a disastrous change. Manufacturers who had
invested large capital in machinery, at once losing confidence,
became discouraged, and commenced to withdraw their capital
from what appeared to be a policy of fluctuation and uncer-
tainty, — a state of things which continued till 1879.

It will be seen by comparison with the Tariff of the United
States that in general the principles are the same, specific
duties being added on some articles. Although the rates of
duty in Canada are much lower, there is evidence of a similar
arrangement for the protection of home manufactures, espe-
cially those in actual operation throughout Canada.

Exhibition Buildings.

These magnificent buildings were opened by His Excellency
the Earl of Dufferin, in September, 1878. The palace is built
with solid brick foundations, with sides and roof of glass, and

13G

Toronto "Called Back."

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affords admirable accommodation for the display of goods. The
cost of the buildings was S250,000.

Through the suggestion of Mr. J. J. Withrow, the indefatig-
able President of the Industrial Exhibition Association, the
whole of the material of the original Crystal Palace was utilised
in the erection of the present building, thereby effecting a great
saving, and accounting for the similarity in appearance of the
two buildings. The design was copied by Mr. Sandford Fleming
from that of SI ' Joseph Paxton for the London Crystal Palace,
in 18.51.

The grounds, sixty acres in extent, are the finest in the
Dominion. They are most beautifully situated on the shore of
Lake Ontario, and from the balconies of tiie Main Building a
splendid view of Toronto and the surrounding country and lake
can be obtained.

The other buildings comprise horticultural and machinery
halls, apiary, dairy, and horse and cattle pens, to which large
additions have lately been made. The buildings and gro ads
are kep t in the most perfect order.

Current Events.

i» ■

The Grand Opera House was destroyed by fire in November,
1879.

On the 2^th of March, 1880, the Hon. George Brown was
shot in the thigh and sucr'umbed to the effects the following
Mp.y. The funeral wan attended by an immense concourse of
people, and business was almost entirely suspended while tl.e
procession wns passing. Bennett, the murderer, was tried and
executed for the crime.

In June, the Hon. John Beverley Robinson was appointed
Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.

During this year Prince Leopold visited Toronto, accompanied
by the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise on their third
visit. The Princess and Prince Leopold left for England by the
steamer Polynesvm, on the JUst of July.

On the (Jth of August a fight occurred between Roman

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To HON TO FROM 1^77 TO LS.^7.

131

- 1 1

Catholics and Orangemen, and one policeman was fatally
wounded.

Eh". W. H. Russell writes: "Toronto, seen under the most
disadvantageous circumstances " (it was pouring rain when
his party arrived), " was voted to be ver}- sur])rising, and my
friends were not prepared for such fine buildings and such a
great array of wharves and quays on the bay, and the great
fleet of craft alongside them. Toronto has increased in all the
elements of wealth and consequence by bounds, and since 1861,
when I was there, the population has doubled and is still in-
creasing very rapidly."

The Doctor pronounces the University to be worthy of a
great nation, a noble Norman pile, beautifully situated.

The Marquis of Lome and H.R.H. the Princess Louise.

The appointment of the Marquis of Lome to succeed the
Earl of Dufferin as Governor-General of Canada gave great
satisfaction.

The Vice-regal party sailed from Liverpool on the 14th of
November, 1878, in the Allan steamship Sarmatian, and arrived
in Halifax on the 23rd, having had a very rough passage.
They were met by the Duke of Edinburgh, who, with a naval
squadron, had come to meet his royal sister. Leaving for
Montreal the following Wednesday, and stopping at various
places on the way, they arrived in Ottawa in a few days.

The Governor-General held his first New Year's Day reception
at Rideau Hall on the 1st of January, 1870.

Their first visit to Toronto was on the 20th of January, on
their way to the Falls, and was quite informal ; their object
beinsr to set a winter view of Niagara.

The lamented death of the beloved Princess Alice had
occurred on the 14th of Deceml)er. Under the circumstances it
was considered best to defer the Vice-regal visit till after the
harvest of 1879, and the Governor-General having consented to
open the Exhibition, the date of their visit was fixed for that
time.

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ToKONTO "Called Back."

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When Toronto had been visited by three princes it was
scarcely expected she would so soon afterwards be honored by
a visit from one of Her Majesty's daughters, and when the
announcement of the appointment of the Marquis of Lome as
Governor-General was made, it was received with intense plea-
sure.

The Earl of DufFerin, in his speeches on the occasion, in truly
eloquent and beautiful language described the character of the
Princess Louise, and congratulated the country on this distin-
guished mark of the Queen's love and affection for Canada, in
consigning her favorite daughter to her care ; at the same tiu^e
portraying the character of Her Royal Highness, from actual
knowledge, in colors which he well knew how to use. As an
artist, musician, and scholar, she excelled in every accomplish-
ment, and her benevolent and kind disposition was truly and
beautifully described.

Her visits to Toronto fully confirmed the description given
by His Lordship, and Toronto fully sustained her reputation
for loyalty by giving the Vice-regal pair a right hearty recep-
tion. The party arrived in Toronto on September the 4th, and
were received with a guard of honor, and by all the civic and
military dignities.

The Exhibition was opened on September the 6th by the
M^arquis and Princess Louise, amidst great enthusiasm. There
was a general illumination at night. They left for London on
the following morning. Returning on the 18th, Her Royal
Highness laid the foundation stone of the Home for Incurables,
and the Governor-General presided at the opening ceremony of
the Credit Valley Railway.

During this and subsequent visits all the public institutions
were inspected, especial attention being given by Her Royal
Highnes.s to those of a charitable and benevolent character, in-
cluding the General Hospital.

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Toronto from 1877 to 1S87. 141

Farewell Visit of the Vice-regal Party.

Having on several occasions expressed the pleasure with
which they visited Toronto, the Marquis of Lome and Her
Royal Highness th.-^ Princess Louise, before leaving Canada,
paid a farewell visit to the city.

On the 12th of September the Vice-regal party arrived at the
Union Station, and were received with a guard of honor of one
hundred men of the Royal Grenadiers, accompanied by their
band. A large number of civic and military dignitaries were
present to welcome the distinguished party.

Additional interest was mr^ifested from the fact that another
member of the Royal family. Prince George of Wales, second
son of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, was with the
Vice-regal party, and for the tirst time in Toronto. The first
day was spent in visiting the public institutions, including the
Home for IncuraVjles, General Hospital, Infants Home and House
of Providence.

In the evening they attended a concert in the Horticultural
Pavilion, given by J. T. Thompson. The artists were Signori
Brignoli, Poggi, AdamG....ski, Madame Teresa Carreno, and Miss
Carrie Mason.

The next day the Exhibition was visited, and preparations
were made to present the Marquis and Princess Louise vi .th a
farewell address. By one o'clock the Queen Street Avenue wa.s
liiied with immense crowds of people, while detachments from
the Queen's Own Rities and Royal ^Grenadiers took up their
positions around the gates of the enclosure. An archway was
erected on the mound which rises in the centre of the tiov/er
plot, surmounted with the Royal Arms, hedged in on either side
with Hags, and decorated with flowers, and having the words,
' Welcome to Toronto," " Lome and Louise," artistically dis-
played.

The steel helmets of the Body Guards were the signal of the
approach of the Vice-regal party, and amid a down-pour of
rain they entered the enclosure and st.ood on the dais, in front

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Toronto "Called Back."

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of which about 3,000 people presented an unbroken covering of
umbrellas. As they made their appearance, cheer after cheer
arose from the assembled multitude, the pouring rain being in-
effectual to dampen their enthusiasm. When the cheering for
the Marquis and Princess had subsided, some one called out for
three cheers for Prince Goorge. Not catching the words at first,
as referring to himself, the Princess turned towards him and
pleasantly said, " That's you." The cheers were given heartily,
and Prince George bowed his acknowledgment.

When the ceremonies were ended the Princess drove to the
Hospital for Sick Children, and the Marquis to the Exhibition,
They left Government House on the 14th ; Toronto, as usual,
having done herself honor in this display of genuine loyalty.

Arrival of the Marquis of Lansdowne.

The new Governor-General, Marquis of Lansdowne, Lady
Lansdowne and suite, arrived by the Allan steamer Circassian,
at Quebec, on the 2Srd of October, and were met by Lord
Lome and the Cabinet. The Marquis of Lansdowne took the
oath of office the same day, after which they proceeded to
Ottawa.

FIRST VISIT TO TORONTO.

On the 9th of January, 1884, His Excellency the Governor-
General, Lady Lansdowne, Lord and Lady Melgund and suite
arrived at the Union Station, where they were met by His
Honor the Lieutenant-Governor and Captain Geddes, A.D.C.

A guard of honor from the Queen's Own Rifles, composed of
one hundred men and the Band, assembled to meet the distin-
guished party, who were immediately driven to Government
House.

The first day was spent in sight-seeing. The route taken
was through the principal streets to the University. In the
evening a large number of the leading citizens were invited to
meet the party at Government House.

The next day they went to the Falls, and crossing the new

Toronto from 1877 to 1887.

143

Suspension Bridge, were landed on American soil for the first
time in their lives. On their return to Toronto on the 12th,
His Excellency proceeded to the City Hall to receive the
Address of the Corporation, to which he replied in the most
felicitous terms. The Vice-regal party visited the Hospital
and other institutions. The Marquis and Lord Melgund visited
the Granite Rink and attended the ball of the Royal Canadian
Yacht Club.

In letters to the London World addressed to eminent persons,
an independent critic said, at the time of his appointment as
Governor-General of Canada, to the Marquis of Lansdowne : —

" There is no Englishman of your age whom I could congra-
tulate with equal warmth and sincerity upon the assumption
of an arduous and anxious post. Everything is in your favor.
You carry with you more than promise, more even than the
first fruits of performance.

"A singularly blameless youth was crowned with the highest
honors at the first University of the world. The advanta^jes to
which you were born, and which are not possessed to the same
extent or in the same degree by any but the peers of historic
English titles, have been turned by you to admirable account.
You have acquired a valuable insight into the routine of office,
and you have shown, both in the House of Lords and elsewhere,
that you possess that power of speaking which is indispensable
to public men of your race.

" The Canadians will recognize in Lady Lansdowne a guar-
antee that they are about to welcome a Vice-Queen after their
own heart."

The Semi-Oentennial Celebration

took place in Dominion week. The Gth March was celebrated
by the opening of the Free Library by the Lieutenant-Governor,
and a reception by the Mayor in the City Hall, this being the
proper day for the commemoration of the birth of the cit}' in
1834 ; but it was deemed advisable to postpone the celebration
till Dominion week.

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144.

Toronto "Called Back."

H lit

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The celebration commenced on Monday, 30th June. Flao-s,
bunting, mottoes, and evergreens were used in the decorations,
and the scene, looking down one of the principal streets, was
simply a vista of fluttering colors. The whole week was given
to pleasure, and thousands of sight-seers, from all parts of the
Province and the United States, crowded the city.

Monday, June 30th, was the municipal and historical day,
specially commemorative of the city's municipal organization
and progre.ss. The procession comprised municipal bodies,
police, tire brigade, etc.

Tuesday, July 1st, military day ; grand street parade and
review, comprising visiting and city corps to the extent of over
four thousand men.

Wednesday, July 2nd, trades and industrial day, specially
commemorative of the progress and standing of the commercial
interests of the city. The parade comprised members of the
different labor organizations oi' the city, each with a tableau,
illustrative of the trade followed ; also representatives with
illustrative tableaux from all the mercantile and manufacturing:
establishments of the city. It consisted, in part, of wagons, on
which various mechanics were plying their daily vocations.

Thursday, July 3rd, " U. E. Loyalists" day, commemorative
of the settlement of the U. E. Loyalists in Canada, one hundred
years ago. In the afternoon there was a reception at the Gov-
ernment House, and in the evening the Oratorio of Redemption
was given at the Horticultural Gardens, also a grand display of
fireworks in the harbor, and imitation naval combat.

Friday, July 4th, benevolent societies day ; parade compris-
ing uniformed and un-uniformed lodges of Masons, societies
of all kinds, etc.

Saturday, July oth, commemorative of our educational insti-
tutions. The parade comprised over 8,000 children from the
public and separate schools of the city

Toronto from l>i77 to IS87.

145

Departure of Toroato Troops for the North- West.

When the rebellion, led by Louis Riel, had assumed such pro-
portions as to demand a call to arms, the Government order to
prepare for immediate departure reached the commanding
otficers in Toronto on the 27th of March. During Friday night
and the early hours of Saturday, the 28th, orderly sergeants
were busily engaged in scouring the city informing the men of
the startling news. At an early hour the drill shed presented
an animated appearance, the men having flocked to their answer
to the roll call. Such was the enthusiasm manifested that
great disappointment was felt that only two hundred and fifty
men of each reu'iment could be sent to the front. As the seiiti-
inent displayed w'as one of cheerful alacrity in responding to
the call to arms in the country's defence, there was no holding-
back or hesitation, and the number required was soon made up.

On the 30th March tens of thousands gathered at the Union
Station to see the gallant volunteers depart for the scene of
action, and all through their dreary route their progress was
looked for with the deepest anxiety and most heart-felt sym-
pathy. The march over the ice, and the heroic fortitude dis-
played through intense cold and fatigue throughout the entire
journey, as well as the bravery displayed in the different en-
gagements with the enemy, have all become a matter of history.
Thousands of hearts in Toronto throbbed in sympathy with her
citizen soldiers during those memorable months, and prayers
were constantly ottered in all the churches for the success of
our arms and the safe return of our sons, when victory had
crowned their efforts.

Return of the Toronto Contingent.

WELCOME HOME— .JULY, 18a5.

War-worn, sun-scorched, stainocl with the dust of toil.
And battle-scarred, they come victorious.
Exultantly we greet them, cleave tiie sky
With cheers, and tlint{ our banners to the wiiid :

if!. :

''!«!

146 Toronto "Called Back."

We raise triumphant songs and stnnv their path

To do tlieni homage. Welcome Home I

We laid our country's honor in their hards

And sent them forth : undoubting, said farewell,

With hearts too proud, too jealous of tht?ir fame,

To own our pain. To-day glad tears may flow ;

To-day they come again and bring the gifts,

Of all earth's gifts most precious — trust redeemed.

We stretch our hands, we lift a joyful cry,

Words of ail words the sweetest, " Welcome home ! "

Oh brave, true hearts ! oh steadfast, loyal hearts I

They come, and lay their trophies at our feet ;

They show us work accomplislied, hardships borne,

Courageous deeds, and patience under pain,

The country's name upheld and glorified.

And peace, dear purchased by their l)lood and toil.

What guerdon have we for such service done ?

Our thanks, our pride, our praises and our prayers,

Our countrj''s s'.nile, and her most just rewards ;

The victor's laurel laid upon the brows.

And all the love that speaks in " Welcome home ; "

Bays for the heroes, for the martyrs palms ;

To those who come not, and though dead yet sjjeak,

A le.oson to bo guarded in our souls

While the land lives f-ir Avhose dear sake they died ;

Whose lives, thrice sacred, are the price of peace ;

Whose memory, thrice beloved, thrice revered,

Shall be their counti'y's heritage.

To hold eternal pattern t( > her living sons.

What dare we bring ? They, dying, have won all ;

A drooping flag, the flowers upon their graves,

Are all the tribute left : already theirs

A nation's safety, gratitude and tears,

Imperishable honor, endless rest.

— Annie Botliwell.

Should some Rip Van Winkle have fallen asleep in 1850,
waiting for the hourly omnibus tor Yorkville, at the corner of
King and Yonge Streets, and awakened on tiie 23rd July, 1885,
he would not have been surprised at the sight of a " Union
Hotel, by Jonathan Doolittle ; " nor would he have mistaken
any other face on a sign-board in place of Her Majesty, Queen
Victoria, as did that mystic individual mistake the sign of

r :;'■:! I

Toronto from 1877 to 1887.

147

George Washington for the riuldy face of good King George.
The evidences all around would soon undeceive him, and he
would quickly discover that Queen Victoria still reigned over a
happy and contented people.

The return of the Queen's Own, Royal Grenadiers and Gover-
nor-General's Body Guards, amidst the spontaneous display of
welcome by the tens of thousands of Toronto's citizens, was a
sight seldom equalled, and one to be remembered by the present
generation, and to be recorded in Canadian history and per-
petuated by the well-earned tokens of the appreciation of Her
Majesty and the English people, by the medals worn on the
breasts of the heroes, these having: been struck in the Roval
mint and with the immediate sanction of Royalty.

On this day, amid a blaze of bunting, under triumphal arches
from north to south and east to west, the return of the citizen
soldiers was greeted with an ovation only equalled by that given
to the Guards in London on their return from the Crimean War
covered with blood stains and martial glory.

ARRIVAL AT NORTH TORONTO.

The movement of the Governor-General's Body Guards to-
wards the ground indicated the arrival of the train and the
commencement of the cheering.

The troops disembarked amid the strains of " Johnny comes
Marching Home," and *' Home, Sweet Home," by the bands of
the regiments. The cheers were taken up by the spectators
along the streets as the column came into view.

On Yonge Street the sight which met the eye was one which
had never before been presented. Looking southward the view
was beautiful. Arches, flags, banners, festoons of flowers and
evergreens, with multitudes of spectators in windows and on
housetops, as well as on the crowded thoroughfares, as street
after street was passed, under arch after arch, formed a scene
which could only again be repepted under like circumstances,
and which will in all probability never occur. It was joyful,
enthusiastic and loyal, and will live in the memory of all who
witnessed it while life shall last.

I'!! I

I'*
llll

148

Toronto "Called Back.

Under any circumstances the return of volunteers to their
homes and friends would l>e a cause of rejoicinj^ ; but when they
come having bravery, victory and peace inscribed on their ban-
ners, their march is a triumphal procession.

Our gallant defenders, under the command of Colonels Miller,
Grasett, Otter and Denison, with General Middleton as Com-
mander-in-Chief, will have their names and deeds recorded
on the page of history as examples of heroic endurance and
bravery. The distance travelled, hardships endured, battles
fought and won, thorough discipline without a single act of
insubordination, cool courage, steadiness under fire, and the
crowning result in the capture of the leaders and the entire
suppression of the rebellion — all distinguished this short cam-
paign of less than four months as one of the most remarkable
of ancient or modern times.

Toronto the Centre of the Dominion.

A few years ago a book was written to prove that St. Louis
was geographically the central city of the world, and that
eventually it must become the commercial centre, and very
plausible reasons were given to prove the statement.

The immense resources of the country of which it was the
centre, in iron, coal, gold, silver and cotton, and its growing
manufactures, were used to show its probable destiny.

Toronto puts forward no such claim, and yet, while Winnipeg
may more properly be considered the geographical centre of
the Dominion, a glance at the map will show the splendid
position of Toronto as a commercial centre, and as a resort for
tourists ; and it is safe to say that, in the near future, no city
on the continent will be more celebrated for general attractive-
ness, and that the present hotel accommodation will soon be
altogether inadequate for the crowds who will flock here in the
summer. The contiguity to the Falls, with the fact of a
Free Park on the Canada side, will attract travellers from Hud-
son Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, and from Halifax to Vancouver.

As a central ^^oint of arrival and departure, either east,

TOKOXTO FROM 1.S77 To l-SN?.

J4'J

west, north or south, her advantageous position cannot be
exaggerated.

The chain of lakes north and west, the Canadian Pacific
and Grand Trunk Railways, and the navigation through to the
Atlantic Ocean, via the St. Lawrence, all promise a future for
Toronto such as has never been dreamed of before.

Who would have predicted twenty years ago that a traveller
could tal'e a car at the Union Station, or at the foot of Yongo
Street, and by going to North Toronto Station, purchase n
ticket, and perhaps even check his baggage, for China or Japan?
And yet all this can now be accomplished.

The completion of the connection at Callander, making the
route from New York to Winnipeg via Toronto the most direct,
gives her all-rail communication with the great North-West
and the Pacific, equally good in winter as in summer.

Toronto is fast becoming the wholesale centre of the Do-
minion. Once Quebec enjoyed the good luck, but for some
reason or other a blight fell upon the ancient capital, and the
business houses that flourished on St. Peter Street forty years
ago are there no longer. Montreal for years back did the bulk
of the business, but for the past fifteen years Toronto has been
gradually taking it away from her. At the present rate of
progress Toronto will lead Montreal in ten years, perhaps in
five.

Toronto possesses one advantage which alone is sufficient to
account for her success. We have a choice of seaports, and
the competition in freight and charges which such an advan-
tage confers. We can receive our importations either by the
St. Lawrence or by New York, and have the same advantage
with regard to our exports. If Toronto becomes the wholesale
centre many other things must follow. The headquarters of
the Grand Trunk Railway must come here before long.

M.any Montreal, Hamilton and London houses are now opening
branches, or removing their whole business to Toronto, and
there are certain indications besides that Toronto is now the
wholesale centre of the Dominion, and is going to march at the
head of the procession.

150

ToRo>jTO "Called Back."

Toronto Custom House.

In any country or city where the revenue is raised by in-
direct taxation, the history of the Custom House is, to a great
extent, the history of its growth in trade and manufactures.

There was a time in the history of the importing trade of
Toronto when the duty was five per cent, ad valorem, and the
Oovernment of the day, with great liberality, took the im-
porters' note at six months in payment.

No doubt this gave a stimulus to the trade, which has re-
sulted in placing Toronto at the head of all American and
Canadian cities of its population in the extent of its imports.

About the same time that the importations commenced in
this way to Toronto, th-^ non-importing merchants got their
supplies in. what is now called " Niagara by the Lake," where
merchants went regularly to make thiir purchases up to the
time when the seat of Government was changed to Toronto,
in 1821.

Others got their goods in ^[ontreal, and these were broufjht
up the St Lawrence and along the shore of Lake Ontario in
batteaux ; while over the portages they did the best they could
in the way of transport

My first entry at the Custom House was made in the fall
of 1<S48, being a little over twelve months from tht time of
arriving in the country, and being the youngest man who had
made direct importations to the city. My faith in the future of
Toronto was based on two facts : first, the water communica-
tion in front, with a beautiful hurbor, and second, the fine agri-
cultural country stretching away in the back ; and in addition
to this there was confidence in the taste and wealth of the
people surticient to warrant the importation of a tine class of
goods, as shown by the fact that one case alone was valued at
£800 sterling, the contents of which, with all other goods, were
speedily disposed of.

Mr. Stanton was the collector at this time, and the duty was
12i per cent, ad ndoreni.

im-

ClSTciM HnrsK. TnltoNTK.

::l

dolla

did r

servi

staff

Mr.

Mr/

tliroi

auth

recei

of oj

chan

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sami

of ai

the-

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hav(

j.lac

fjoni

Her

son,

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T
in 1

pro!

aftt
wa?
pet

To HON TO FROM 1877 TO 1887.

153

As the whole importations that year were under a million
dollars in value, the Custom House staff, inside and outside,
did not exceed four or live, not one of whom remains in the
service.

Mr. Stanton was succeeded by Mr. Meudell, and in 18.51 the
stuff had slightly increased; Mr. Thomas Scott was surveyor ;
Mr. John Cameron, chief clerk ; and Mr. Robert Emery and
Mr. T. McCarthy, landing waiters.

Shortly after the introduction of the " bonding system "
tlu'ough the United States, tlie private bonded warehouses were
authorized as a convenience to importers, who, commencing to
receive goods at all seasons of the year, discontinued the custom
of opening their whole importations at one time ; country mer-
chants visiting the market more fre(]uently, and importers
taking their goods out of bond as orders were given from
samples, or, in the case of dry goods, by opening only a portion
of any class of goods at one time.

The appointment of "lockers" followed this arrangement, and
the first who acted in that capacity were Mr. James Stitt, lately
deceased, Mr. R. G. A. Paton, and Mr. Alex. Duff', .superan-
nuated.

The gradual increase in the importations, with the rate of
dutj' at various periods up to the present time, when they
have reached such a large figure, will be found in another
j.Iace.

The Custom Hou.se staff in 18.54 consisted, in addition to the
gentlemen already named, of Hon. Capt. Curzon and George
Henderson, clerks ; J. P. Dunn, landing waiter, and A. Macpher-
"on, who succeeded Mr. John Boyd, father of the present Chan-
cellor, who was the first appraiser.

The present surveyor, Mr. John Douglas, entered the service
in 1855, having occupied the position of chief clerk before his
present position, which he assumed on the death of Mr. Scott.

Mr. Meudell was succeeded by the Hon. Robert Spence, and

after his death Mr. T. C. Scott acted as collector. An effort

was made to have him appointed to the collectorshlp, but the

petition for the object was never presented, a number of mer-

' t ; i

'" I.

m i

f ,

154

Toronto "Called Back."

chants and others, includincr the Hon. George Brown, refusing
to sign, on the ground that the appointment of collector should
continue to be a political one. Mr. J. E. Smith was appointed
to the office, and on his retirement Mr. John Douglas acted as
collector till the appointment of the Hon. Jas. Patton, Q.C.,
LL.D., and on the death of the Hon. Jas. Patton, Mr. Douglas
again assumed the acting collectorship till th3 appointment of
John Small, Esq., Ex-M.P., the present collector.

Custom Hou.se Staff, 1891.

Collector, surveyor, chief-clerk, cashier, assistant cashier,
eighteen clerks, three clerks and landing waiters, three appraisers,
three assistant appraisers, one ga'jger, one chief locker, one
locker, chief landing waiter, twelve 'anding waiters, three tide
waiters, two preventive officers, one cl ief packer, seven packers,
two packers and messengers, one messenger, one packer and
porter, two packers, porters and messengers, one housekeeper,
one assistant messenger.

Supernumeraries : two acting clerks, one landing waiter, one
messenger, one packer.

Through the kindness of the Collectors at the various ports
of the United States, the following figures have been furnished:

CoMi'ARATIVE I.MPOUT.S AND DUTY PaID BY ClTIES OF THE

United State.s and Toiionto, for tiii^ Year ending

80th June, 181)1.

AVEUAOE
VAI.CE. m'TY. AlioUX.

P-ufFjilo 85,2r>2.207 $.S02, 175 1 (> v

Chiou^o i5,r)a!),(i:j:i r),7ao,(;75 r]7 %

C'incinatti 2,171..'?!t2 I,n01.;r)7 40%

Dctn.it :5,4r)8,')r)l (;i7,(il!> 18%

Milwiuikee I,;i'.t4,148 .S!)(),084 .'50%

Cleveknd i)42,01!) ;U2,70S 30%

St. Loiii.s 4,817,.T)r> 1,(H2.228 .'U v

Toronto .... 19,353,136 4,076,926 21 %

Ports bordering on Canada sliow low average of duty, being
largely free imports and natural produce of Canada, and
small foreign business.

refusinnf
)r should
ppointetl

acted as
on, Q.C.,

Douglas
traent of

cashier,
)praiser,s,
ker, one
iree tide
packers,
ker and
sekeeper,

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jrnished:

OF THE

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18 <
•'50, <

21/

y, beinor
da, and

■i

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'i:t'.

TOEONTO IN 188G.

Fair Toroxto ! Queen City of the West,
Of Jill thy sister cities thou art best ;
As far as eye can reach, from Don to Huniber,
Rise towering spires in goodly number ;
Cathedr.ils, churches, schools, and numsions rise
In stately grandeur towering to the skies.
A noble harbor fronts thy scnithern boun ■
And gentle hills encircle thee around ;
From north to south, from east to west xnai. d
Streets, avenues and roads, so wisely j lani/d,
That strangers visit thee with ease, and f d
In thee a home at once just to their mind ;
Long live Toronto I loud her praisei veil,
Here Commerce, Art, and Nature love to dwell.

— Imrie.

1 1 M :^

It will be no exaggeration to say that no city on the con-
tinent is making greater progress than the City of Toronto.
Within ten years the population has doubled. Not only has this
increase occurred within the limits, but the city has thrown off
shoots east, west and north, which are now rapidly assuming
the proportions of towns.

Indeed, one suburb, which a decade ago was a series of farms,
with cottages scattered here and there, has been recently incor-
{lurated, and its large population, its populous streets, its hand-
some stores and private residences well entitle it to the dignity
of a town, — and this is Parkdale.

The population within the limits now reached 111,000. Ten
years before Toronto extended from the Don to Bathurst Street,

IGO

Toronto "Called Back."

and from the Bay to College Avenue. Spadina Avenue north
of St. Patrick Street was a fiekl, where the troops were
reviewed, and Sherbourne Street above Carlton resembled the
" forest primeval."

It is possible now to walk from half a mile east of the Grand
Trunk crossing on the Kin<j:ston Road to within half a mile of
the lake shore, on Queen Street (a distance of about four miles),
through an avenue of shops, and to inspect store windows on
Yonge Street from the Bay to the hill north of the city, which
was formerly regarded as the country.

Nothing illustrates the growing opulence of the city more
than the character of the places of business and the architectural
improvements on the private residences. A shop is not a shop
now unless provided with the metropolitan plate glass front,
and the tendency in every business is in the shape of extension,
— in short, to occupy two or three buildings where formerly
one was sufficient.

Where many cities have one fine street of which they arc
justly proud, as Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, and Wabash
Avenue in Chicago, none can boast of so many fine streets or
private residences of finer build or more elegant design.

The old .square house which was the palace of a merchant
years ago, has given place to a building of Elizabethan or other
fashif)nable style, in which the taste for ornamentation is fully
gratified.

Formerly Jarvis Street was the home of the wealthy, and
then Sherbourne laid claims to rivalry; and while these go on
improving constantly, new competitions for style and elegance
are springing up both on the north and west.

To the person whose business confines him to the centre of
the city, a visit to what recently were fields is at once a revela-
tion and surprise. New streets have been opened out, new and
magnificent mansions have been erected, comfortable houses for
the middle classes have been built, and places of business to
meet all local 'vants have been provided. In addition to this,
there are very few points which are not within five minutes'
vwulk of the street cars.

n I ^

ToUONTO IN 1886.

IGl

■ N

The enormous devclopinent of Toronto of lato years is largely
the result of a liberal policy which has brought the railroads of
the Province, and with them a large portion of the northern
and western sections, to our doors. There are to be added to
this, the public spirit of the people, the business enterprise of
the merchants, the good sanitary condition of the city, and the
presence of all those religious and other metropolitan advan-
tages which persons retiring from active business life elsewhere
naturally seek. Toronto is making great strides towards being
the Chicago of Canada.

Meat Markets and Horses of Toronto.

Contrasting with the inferior meat of former times, the
markets of Toronto, for splendid supplies of first-class meats
cannot be surpassed anywhere. The display at Christmas time
is another evidence of Toronto's great progress, and would do
credit to any city in the world.

In connection with this, reference may be made to the won-
derful improvement that has taken place in all classes of horses,
which are to be seen in such numbers on our streets. Whether
for saddle, carriage, or heavy draught, no city in America can
show finer specimens of horse-flesh, and it is only in point of
size that they are excelled in Britain. The finest display of
heavy draught horses in the world is to be seen on the Hrst of
May in Manchester, when, in splendid new brass-mounted,
shining harness, and gaily decorated with ribbons and flowers,
the proud teamsters display their leviathan animals, sleek and
fat, in a procession extending for miles in length. Toronto
horses belonging to the railway companies are quite equal in
svmmetry and condition.

Toronto's Natural Advantages.

We get here no earthquakes such as those of which the San
Franciscan sleeps in nightly dread. We get no fervid heat,
such as in New York often slays its scores in a day by sun-

M: !

1G2

Toronto "Called Back.

, »

stroke. We get no excessive degree of cold, such as all places
to the east, west, and north, and some to the south, including
Chicago and St. Louis, suffer from. We get no cyclone or wind-
storm, such as all the cities west of us, even as near as Detroit,
are subject to. No western cyclone ever yet reached this
district. We get no floods, such as periodically inflict loss and
suffering beyond calculation upon many of our sister cities.
Nature has done everything for our comfort, providing even
for the absence of the mosquito, which is just beginning to ply
its proboscis elsewhere.

Toronto a City of Churches.

Wherever God erects a house of pniyer,
The devil always Vjuilds a chajiel there ;
And 'twill be found upon examina'aou
The latter has the larger congregation.

■ — Daniel Defoe.

If this celebrated man, the father or founder of the English
novel, was living in Toronto to-day he would scarcely venture
to introduce the above lines into a satire on churches and
church-goers. The congregations worshipping in Toronto
churches would show a very different result from what is im-
plied in the above verse. In no city in the world are churches
more numerous, or the congregations larger, in proportion to
the population, and it is safe to say that in this respect the
church accommodation is larger than in any other city. Taking
the average capacity to be one thousand, and the number of
churches in Toronto and suburbs at one hundred and twenty,
the entire population, if present at one time, could nearly
be accommodated ; and this cannot be said of any other
city. Although this can never happen, it is evident the
average attendance must be very large and the accommo-
dation abundant.

It is safe to say, that nowhere el>!e can such a sight be wit-
nessed on a line Sunday evening, within tlie same limits, as in
Toronto, when the churches are emptied of the crowds of wor-

;f *

Toronto in 188G.

1G3

shippers and the sidewalks are blocked with the thronj^s re-
turning to their homes.

The writer having spent Sundays in every large church-
going city on both sides of the Atlantic, can make this state-
ment without fear of successful contradiction ; nor is there any-
where to be seen better dressed or more respectable looking
congregations than worship in Toronto churches.

What the feelings must be of those who absent themselves
from Toronto churches on Sunday I cannot imagine, nev( r
having such an experience, but it seems as if that very absence
wouUl preach a sermon which, to every freethinker or agnostic,
would be as powerful in favor of Christianity us if a sermon
were listened to inside the walls of a church.

The ringing of the bells is at an end, the ruml)lin<; of the
carriage has ceased, the pattering of the feet is heaid no more,
the flocks are folded in the numerous churches. For a time
everything is hushed, but soon is heard the deep pervading
sound of the organ, rolling and vibrating through the buildings
and out into the streets, and the sweet chanting of the choirs
makes them resound with melody and praise, while it is poured
forth like a river of joy through the recesses of the city, elevat-
ing and bearing the soul on a tide of triumphant harmony to
heaven. The wanderer about the streets at such a time is not
a proper subject for envy.

In writing of Toronto as a city of churches, the men who, by
their faithful discharge of duty and their advocacy and in-
fluence, have been to a great extent instrumental in educating
the religious element up to the present high standard of church-
going in Toronto, ought not to be forgotten. Tlie following are
amongst those to whom much of the credit is due, and as the
names are given entirely from memory, and none given whom
the writer has not heard preach since 1817, any omission will
be overlooked : —

BAPTIST.

Rev Messrs. Piper, Fyfe, Caldecott, Castle and Thomas.

IBrin

■Hfi

^^I^B

4
f

1j i ■ B'

164

T(^uoNTo " Called Back."

lONGilEdATIONAL.

Rev. AFossrs. lloaf, Ellerby, Marling, Lillie, Burton, Powis,
Wild and Stuidluuu.

PRESBYTERIAN.

Rev. Messrs. Burns, Topp, Barclay, Gref]jg, Taylor, Parsons,
King, McLeod, Macdonnell, Kirkpatrick, Milligan, Robb, Kel-
logg and Patterson.

EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

Bishops Strachan, Bethune, McLean and Sweatnian ; Rev.
Ilossrs. (jnisett, Baldwin, Lett, Givens, Sanson, Williams, Dar-
ling, Pearson, Scadding, Lewis, Jones, Rainsford, Du Moulin.
Langtry, McCoUum, McCarrol, Bilkey, Boddy, Henry G. Bald-
win and Morgan Baldwin.

METHODIST.

On account of the itinerant system of the Methodist Church,
the array of names will necessarily be much greater than of the
others.

Rev, ^^essrfl. Ilotherington, Coonoy, Harvard, Richey, Evans,
Wood, Rice, Stinson, Wilkinson, Stpiire, Bishop, Douse, l^ouglas,
Elliott, Ryerson, Rose, Taylor, Green, Spencer, Sanderson, Bor-
land, Howard, Williams, Hall, Lavcll, Stevenson, Punshon,
Cochrane, McClure, Savage, Potts, Briggs, Dewart, Dorey,
J. hnston, Antliir, S. J. Hunter, W. J. Hunter, Clarkson, W. W.
Ross, Jellrey, Jefl'ers, Hannan, Learoyd, McRitchie, Statlbrd,
Poole, Ih'idgep.Min, Harjjcr, Laird, Starr, Blackstock, S. P. Rose,
Shorey, Hendei ^.m, Maxwell, J. \^ Smith, Philp and Ockley.

THE SALVATION TEMPLE.

The Salvation Temple just com]>leted is (juite an imposing
structure with its castellated bastions, combining in appearance
the castle, the barracks and the temple. The fnmtage is lOG
feet, with a depth of 100. It is built of red bric.v with stone
facings. A space of 22 feet has been divided off in front to be
used as otlices. Through this portion three entrances reach the
Temple; the central one being broad and lofty. The height of
the ceiling inside is '.VI feet, and the wi<lth 9G, with no roof
columns. This is the widest span without support of any

Toronto in 18SG.

105

public building in Canada. The walls an; four feet tluck, and
are capable of standing an enormous strain.

The auditorium will hold about 2,')00 people, and there is not
a bad seat in the house ; the ventilation is pei ''ect, as are also
the acoustic properties.

The Temple is constructed in amphitheatrical form and has
one gallery at the back. The ground llcjor rises fr(jm the centre,
and a passage runs entirely round next the wall.

The officers conductinj; the services sit on the north side,
with the soldiers and audience all almut them. The soldiers for
Uk most part occupy the pit or dress circle. The latter

THE SALVATION ARMY TEMPLE.

arrangement is in accordance with the system followed l)y
General Booth in England. The ceiling of the Temple is of
varnished wood, while the walls are finished stucco work in
plaster. Text-s and mottoes are also used as additional orna-
ments. Tho entire height of the building, which comprises
four stories, is eighty feet to the top of the tower, and fifty feet
to the centre and slates. The windows are all stained glass
with Scripture mottoes. A pair of iron gates close in the
front entrance, over which a])p('ars in stone letters the single
word "Hallelujah." The entire cost was about 840,000.

* f

I ■

fl,

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ToiJONTO " C'aI.I.KI) F?A(K."

TIIK SAI,VATI()N AllMV

n'liorts tluit tlic or^iiiiizatio?! is iit work in one linmlnMl mid
til'ty-oni' (Mtirs, t()\vi\s ami villn'^t's tliroiiiflioiit the CDiuitry. It
1ms ont-posts in fil'ty-tlirot' places. In five places land lias l)een
siH'uretj for laiildin^ purposes, while tliero are barracks in forty
phu'es. The ininiher of otlicers in ISS.') was 41 H, ntnnher of
C()rj)s 14S and out-posts 47. The attendance nuinV)ered 2()!>,()()(),
heinj; an increase over the previous year of 70,012. The
auioinit of money received and expended weekly on the local
Cor|>s was S'i.nOo.

The Temple was formally opi'ned on the arrival of Marshal
BalliuLjton Mooth, who came this way from Australia (on his
r(>turn to Eui^land) to dedicate the huildin;^. The "('Ouncil (jf
War" eontinut>d from the 1st to the Hth of May, and was the
oeeiksion of enthusiastic demonstrations. The daily processions,
aecompaniiMl hy hands of music, were witnessed hy iuuiieiise
crowds of people, and at ni^ht the vast au.litorium of the
Temple was crowded to excess. < )u Sunday, the 2nd, the formal
dedication took place, and each succeeding; <lay and eveninij
thnMiLrh the week there was a chati^e of proi^rammt.', including
a Hallelujah \V(>ddinLj and Infant Heilication.

On the niijht of the latter (;eremony a numher of officers and
sol. tiers who had been imi)risoned for noisy demonstrations
appeared in prison costume ami related Hunt experience. In
connection with the presentation of the infant the Marshal
8tateil that twenty-eii^ht years ajjfo he was taken by his parents
sixty miles in l']nL;Iand to be baptized by the Rev. Jas. ('auy;hey,
so well known in Toronto, who is still livinj;, and commeiicinj*
a'»ain to ]ireach as an evan^i'list.

The Marshal gave a strikini; account of his ojienini,' cam-
pai«;n in Manchester, — the extraordinary lan<;ua<j;e used in the
posters having brought iunuense nuis.ses of the people to see
and hear, — and then of his arrest and imprisoinnent ; all of
which had a thrilling »>irect on the vast audience. lie left for
Kn.;land the following week, accompanidl by Commissioner
Coombs antl William tJotiderham, Escj., of thi.s city.

f*:

ToUoNTO IX ISSO. I(i7

Toronto an Educational Centre.

This position claiiiKMl for Toronto will bn ailinittod \>y all.
From tlu) lowest step in tlits ladder to tho hi^lu^^t, no city (viti
boast of (.|ual aflvantaL,'es in tlio shape of cchication. The
Common School syst(!m, a lastini^ monument to the ability, wis-
dom, and indefatigable exertions of tho late Dr. Ryerson, has

I ■ '1

inencnit'

REV. KfiKUTON HYEKSON, I).I».

been brouj^ht to a state of perfection perhaps unequal le<l in the
world. Framed on the models of all the best systems in every
other country, it combines the best features of all, and improve-
ments on most.

> I

r^ !

168

Toronto "Called Back."

Risinf]r in the scale, it will be found that no eJucational -vant
has been left unsupplied ; whatever the pur.oM ut pL icssion
the stu 'ont niav intend to follow through life, he will tind a
school, academy, college or university in which ^le will have
full scope for his ambition. From the Public Schools, tlierc is a
step upwards to the Model Schools, then to the Collegiate Insti-
tute, Upper Canada College, and to the University of Toronto.
Then there are technical schools, includint; the School of Prao-
tical Science and the Ontario School of Art.

A city possessing so many advantage;-' for students nust
afford increasing attractions from year to year, the high stand-
ing of its professors, and the honors to be obtained, whether as
medals, scholarships, fellowships or other degrees, offer induce-
ments superior to those of any other city in the Dominion, and
must lead ultimately to the federation of other colleges with
the University of Toronto.

In addition to the colleges named are Knox College, Trinity
College, the Baptist College, and St. Michael's. There are also
the College of Pharmacy, Toronto School of Medicine, Trinity
Medical School, Veterinary College, Canadian Instituf", School
of Divinity, or Wycliffe College, and Methodist University.

The Normal School, for the training of teachers, was estab-
lished in 1847. The present buildings were erecte'l in 1851,
the corner stone being laid by the Earl of Elgin, aad in the
month of November, 18.5^, the buildings were opened. They
were then described as being elegant in architectural appear-
ance, commodious in their ao " "lodations, and healthy in their
situation. They aro at present jir\ ornament to St. James' Square,
the grounds surrounding the building being beautiiully laid
out with trees and flower beds, and in addition there is a hand-
some conservatory.

The Educational Museum is a source of attraction to visitors,
as well as valuable to the students, and contains paintings, stat-
uary, and curiosities of various kinds, plaster casts of Egyptian,
Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Grecian and Roman antiquities.
It also contains philosophical apparatus, being representative,
on a small scale, of the South Kensington Museum.

nal -Tanb

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ite Insti-
Toronto.
of Pra .;-

its rrmst
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ntative,

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Indian and Colonial Exhibition, South Kensington,

London, 1886.

Wlwri Allx'rt " iln> (\<t(u\," I'linrf- (/f»n4f»rt, lifxt ronc<'iv»;'l tlif
idea cd' invil.inj^' iiJI riiitiotiH 1,0 oxliiliit tlic |»io<liir"ti'»ris of tlidr
sl<ill m\>\ indi^itry in h'lndon, tlm project wim ftitt^tuiiMvi with
HoiiH' <l»)ul»t, l»nt wlifti tim rrystal stninturn whh rr-aro'l in llyih-
I'urk, and nil roiintricN prMucrl in tiicir- trnasurrM, arwi aftfr tin;
invocation ol' a idcssin;^ liy tlui Arfdihisliop ol' Cyaiitordmiy, fhf
yontid'iil <,),n(!(!n, Hurroundcd \>y Iht ;^M<'at ministers of state,
and aniltassadors from all Toreifrri natioriH, amid tlu; strains (»!'
music a?iil tlie lM»(Mn ol' artillery, proclaimerj tlie Kxliildtion
iipcn, find win'ri lor six months the millions of visitors liad
^a/,ed with wonder and aw«; »i.t the vjiHtness n\' the hnildin^, so
hij^h as to enclose larj^'o dm tre«.s, and then had f(!H,sted their
eyes on all that was rare and lieimtifiil, the f^rand result .shf»wed
the wisdom of tlie undertukiii<4

This was followed liy another in New Y(nl< in |S.'»H, then
came Paris in IS.'..'), liondon aj^oi,in in \H(')2, then Paris in ISfiT,
after that Vinnna, and the (Centennial in Philadel[)hia, next
Paris in I-STS, then came Antwerp, and tlie " Fisheries ' and
"Inventories" in Ijondon and Paris ajjjain in IS.SO.

In mII of tliese (Jreat liritain and her colonies were larj^fdy
repres(!ntod, hut it remained for the year ISSG to sec the
Piiitish Kmpini alone in her dii^nity find i,'rand«;ur, represented
hy her Indifin and (Colonial Huhjects, and the productions, vari«'d
find exhaustlesH, of tiieir mines, tish(!ries, forests, fi;,'ri culture,
jiniuuils and mannfficturc'j, tit th« ^rcsat centre of the lOmffire
ov«'r vvhicdi Her Mfijesty rei^'ns m tin; ha[)py and appropriate
chanicter of Empress of India and Queen of Cirf!>it liritain and
Irelfind and all lu^r ('olonies

This l^jHipire, on which the sun never sets, find the roll of
whose drum l)eat never ceases round the hahitahle glol)e as it
is taken U]) every hour while tine earth revolves on her axis,
witli a p<»{)ulation numl)erin|L( one-fifth of that of the whole
world, has undoubtedly matie such a display as the world has
never seen as l»elon;,'in;,' to one Kmpire.

t ■

!• ! V

172

Toronto "Called Back."

From the continent of India, including the newly annexed
Kingdom of Burmah, have poured in countless treasures of
gold, silver, jewels, diamonds, ivory, silk and gold embroideries,
shawls, tapestries, and other tine manufactures of fabulous
value.

From '' Ceylon's Isle," where the spicy breezes blow so softly,
have come coffee and spices, and from the land

"Where the feathery palm trees rise,
And the date grows ripe under sunny skies;
And midst tlie green islands of glittering seas,
Where fragrant forests perfume the breeze ;
And Rtrange, bright birds, on their starry wings,
Bear the rich hues of all glorious things;
And from far away, in this region old,
Where rivers wander o'er seas of gold,
Where the burning rays of the ruby shine.
And the diamond lights up the golden mine,
And the pearl gleams forth from the coral strand."

Came all that the imagination can conceive of, or the Arabian
Nights have pictured of richness, grandeur, magnificence and
luxury.

From Australia, embracing New South Wales, Van Dieman'a
Land and New Zealand, have been sent the great natural pro-
ductions of these vast countries — animals and their produce,
in the shape ol: wool, meats and cheese, and the celebrated
woollen ma-mfactures of Nelson, with a vari-^ty of other speci-
me«3 worthy of a great nation.

The gold fields of Australia, already represented in the
Crystal Palace at Sydenham by a pyramid showing the bulk
of gold shipped to England, I'rom its first discovery up to a
comparatively recent period, exhibit much that is still more
majjnificent.

From Africa have been sent ostrich feathers, coffee and ivory,
and men of every shade, from the dark Hottentot to the Euro-
pean colonist, unite to make their very best display.

And so the isles of the sea, Newfoundland, Bermuda
and the West Indian Islands, and some in the Pacific Ocean,

Toronto in 1886.

173

have vied with each other in this great peaceful and l)rotherly
rivalry.

The representation of the great Dominion of Canada, the
brightest jewel in ihe Imperial Crown, has been accomplished
in a manner worthy of her greatness, and from the Atlantic to
the Pacific the varied productions of her mines, fisheries, forests,
agriculture, animals and manufactures is already displayed, to
show to the world the vast stritles made by this young giant
in tlie march of civilization, arts, sciences, trade, commerce and
manufactures; and Canada, undoubtedly, has given a good
account of herself, even when side by side with the rich pro-
ductions of her sister colonies, and the great continent of India
itself.

No one city excelled Toronto in the exhibition of what is
both useful and beautiful.

Who can predict the result of tliis union of tho great British
family, brought together in this way lor the first time ^ The
Hindoo of India has shaken hands with his brother, the red
man of the Canadian forest; and the New Zealander, described
by Macaulay as one day sitting on London Bridge sketching
the ruins of St. Paul's, was there to falsify the prediction on
behalf of his future countrymen, and has seen in the wonders
exhibited but the beginning of the extension of the brotlierlv
inter-connnunication of trade and commerce, when Canada,
with Toronto as its commercial centre, will be the great hijih-
way between India, Australia, and the central heart of the
Empire, and as Sir George Stephen, quoting the words of the
late Sir John A. Macdonald, has just expres.-^ed it, the termini of
this great highway will be Hong Kong and Liverpool. Then
will soon arrive the time when those vast regions, traversed by
the iron road, will be peopled by untold millions of happy and
contented settlers, all true in their allegiance to the great
Empire of which Canadians are now amongst the most loyal
subjects.

The writer who, in 180G, describes Toronto with a population
of 250,000, will assuredly lefer to the present time as the most
remarkable period in her history.

I . I

;

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17+

Toronto " Called Back."

The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the last rail
on Callender Junction spiked down on the 18th of January,
making the distance from Toronto to Winnipeg shorter by two
hundred and thirteen miles; the commencement of shipments
to Australia, New Zealand, China an«l Japan ; the coincidence
of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition and the jubilee of Her
Majesty's coronation, all combining as happy omens of the
great future, augur well for the great future that lies before
her.

The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and, what
is sure to follow, a line of ocean steamers from Vancouver to
Hong Kong, and thence through British territory to Calcutta,
together with the formation of the Dominion of Australia,
point to the near approach of what must happen in the closer
union of all British countries.

Every thinking mind must look back with wonder and
admiration on the past years of the now waning century.
These have been years of miraculous progress, of vast revolu-
tions in surrounding empires, of startling discoveries in science,
of beneficial changes in .social life.

Time and spact; have become the servants of science. The
telegraph enables us to converse with absent friends instanta-
neously, or by the railway we fly to see them on the wings of
swiftness; and England, in the midst of the changes of other
nations, rears her prouil head, great and glorious, powerful and
peaceful, rejoicing in that precious liberty of mind and body
which constitutes her the Queen of Nations.

OPENING CEREMONIES.

"Th.-it thoy all m.-vy ])e one I "' Tliiit mother and daughters,

Tenderly linked like the fi races in lov*',
fiirdliiig tlio gl')l>o, over lands, over waters,

M.iy 1)0 iniited lieneath and al)()ve.
Here on this orb's upper huuiisphere olden,

There on that younger half-circle beneath,
Everj'whero shall one sweet union unfolden

England's fair scions in olive-twined wreath.
All to be one I What a blest federation I

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Toronto in 188b,

177

Britain, Imperial Queen of the World,
Sealed as one heart, one life, and one nation,

Under one cross, one standard unfurled ;
Owning one law of religion and reason.

Speaking one language, and rich in its wealth.
Proud of the past, and the bright present season,

And the grand future of hope and of health.
So may the whole world's glorious communion.

Nature, and Science, and Commerce, rejoice ;
Growing together in one happy union.

Filling the welkin with gratitude's voice.
Canada, Africa, Zealand, Australia,

India, continents, isles of the sea,
-Adding your jewels to Britain's regalia,

One with Old England the home of the free !

— M((rtin Farii'ih(tr T^ippcr.

The Exhibition was formally opened by Her Majesty on the
4th of May, and was characterized by the impressive, peaceful
pomp and pageantry of a Royal progress, and was one of the
most remarkable the world has ever seen.

The weather was beautiful. Crowds gathered alons: the
route taken by Her Maiosty from Buckingham Palace, and
greeted her with enthusiastic cheers.

The main hall in which the opening ceremonies were con-
ducted was crowded with the dife of London. The lar<re
number of foreign princes and diplomats who attended in court
dress, combined with scores of British officers present, in full
glittering uniforms, made a magnificent spectacle.

The Prince of Wales, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Henry of
Battenburg and his wife (Princess Beatrice), and the Crown
Princess Victoria of Germany, led the Royal procession through
the building, and were followed by Lord Hartington, the
Marquis of Salisbury, Earl Derby, and scores of other distin-
guished persons. So great was the rush to witness the Royal
procession to the Exhibition building that it recjuired, besides
a strong force of cavalry, upwards of 1,000 policemen to keep
a passage-way for the Royal carriages through the streets.
When the Queen's carriage arrived the entrance was surrounded
by throngs of distinguished persons. The Royal guard of

'►n

::i^

fV^

178

Toronto " Called Back."

lionor lined the corridors when Her Majesty aliji^hted and
passed into the buildinrj. When the Queen appeared in the
hall she was greeted with enthusiastic cheers.

The opening ceremonies were simple, and consisted of a
carefully prepared programme of music, the presentation of
addresses to the Queen by the Colonies participating in tlie
Exhibition, and a formal declaration by Her Majesty that the
show was open.

The music was grand. Among the numbers was " Home,
Sweet Home, ' sung by Albani. The innnense choir, accom-
panied bv the great organ and orchestra, rendered the Halle-
lujah Cliorus with powerful etlect.

The chief feature of the oj)ening ceremonies was the singing
of the new British Ode composed by Tennyson for the occasion.
The poem is in four parts — one of welcome to the exhibitors;
one of prayer for the inheritance by the Colonies of England's
attributes ; the third describing the loss of the United States,
and the lesson of it ; and the fourth an appeal for the unity of
the Empire.

Her ^'ajesty was immensely pleased and much affected by
the singing of the ode. She smiled and nodiled approval over
each patriotic sentiment rendered, and was fairl}'^ radiant with
pleasure when the vast audience caught up the poet's spirit and
vented their joy in deafening thunders of applause. The text
of the ode is as follows : —

^1 ■

Welcnino, welcome ! witli one voice
111 your wolfure we rejoice,
Sous iuul brothers, that have sent
From Isle, and Cajie, and Continent,
Produce of your ticld and Hood,
Blount and line and primal wood.
Works of subtle brain and hand,
And splendors of the uiorniny; land ;
Gifts fn.u every British zone.
Britons, hold your own I

3Iay we tind, as ages run,

The mother featured in thtj aon ;

And may yours forever be

TOUONTO IN l(S-

That old strenytli and coustiincy,
Whicli lias i)i;i(U' ymir fiitliuiH Lrif^t
111 Dili- ^ilioii'lit l.slaiid StJitt; ;
And wlioro'er liur fiiig nuiy tly,
Glorying between sea aii<l sky,
Make the nuLjlit of Ilritain kiiMuii.
Ih'itons, 'loUl your own I

J'ritain 'ouylit licr sous of yore ;
Britain failed, and never more,
Careless of our ^rowiii!/ kin,
Sliall wi! sin our lathers' sin.
jMeii that ill a narrower ilay —
Unproplietic rulers they —
Drove from out the mothers in'st
That young eagle of t'.ie west,
To forage d •• herself alone,
r>riti'iis, hold your own !

iSliarers of our gioiious past,

iJi'others, must u'e pai't at last !

Shall not we, through good and ill,

Cleave to one another still ?

Uritiin's myriad voiees cdl :

Soils be weddeil, eaeli and all,

Into one Imperial whole —

One with liritain, heart and soul.

One life, one flag, one fleet, one throne.

liritains, hold your own !

And (lod guard ail.

179

1 1

All the parts were suiio- in KuoHsh but the .second. This
had been translated into Sanscrit, by Professor Max Muller, as
a mark of courtesy to the large nuniljer of Orientals attending
tlie Exhibition.

A noteworthy incident in the ceremony was the presentation
to Her Majesty, Viy Sir George H. Chubb, of a master key of
the most elaborate workmanshij), which could open any of the
"lOO Chubb locks in the Exhiliition. This choice and costly
specimen of the locksmith's art is adorned with jewels of all
kinds, and docked with many a rlainty and symbolic device.

m^ti

.■%f

« i

180

Toronto "Cai.led Back."

It is well worth a luiimto description. Imagine it, half u foot
lontj^, made of l)urnish«»d gold, set oft' with enamel and a variety
of jewels, the bow being liexagonal in shape. In the centre of
the hexagon, as .seen from one side, is a golden representation
of the head of a lion in higli relief, langued with ruby, crowned
and set in red enamel surrounded with a band of white enuniel,
with the inscription, "The Colonial ajid Indian Exhibition."
From this central circle radiate to the angles of the hexagon
six shields in raised blue enamel, j>ach. bearing a symbol in gold
of the colony or dependency — the animals chosen being the
sheep, elephant, tiger, opossum, beaver and bull'alo. At the
bow end of the key, and surmounting the bow, is the Imperial
crown, the band of which is jewelled with rubies ami emeralds.
The pin of the key as it leaves the hexagon starts from a centre
of four elephants' heads, whose trunks form a socket on either
side of the bow. The radiating shields are of yellow gold, and
bear the names of several of the Co'onies, whose symbols fins
of tht^ obvei'se, and in the C(M\tre of a small nugget of gold.
This key rejiresented .symbolieally the opening of the Ivxhi-
bition by Her Majesty, after which she hanile(l it to the l*rince
of Wales.

In addition to the distiiio'ui.s;]iod per.sonaixes nanuMl above,
Her Maiestv was accompanied by sevei-al young Princes and
Princesses, including iri all thirteen of ]\vr children and grand-
children ; all the former being present except the Duke of
Etlinbtirgh, win) commanded the Heet in Greek waters.

When the Prince of Wales had read the address on behalf of
the Commissioners of the Exhibition, ami the Queer had read
her reply, he kissed the hand of Her Majesty, but she drew
him towards her and kissed him on the cheek.

Thus ended a most signiricant ami appropriate celebration,
which, as the tir.>^t strictly Imperial pageant, attests the strength
aLd unit}' of the British Empire, and emphasizes that desire
for still closer union which has become almost a passion of
patriotic hearts, whether they beat in the j'ounger Britain
beyond the seas ox in the old Island Home.

Toronto in 1880.

THE CANADIAN EX II I HITS

181

Created a profound impression on the British inind. The
people of England had never before Ijeen able to realize the
extent and variety of Canadian rcsourcos, and it may V)e said
with confidence, that tins country never stood in anything like
as high estimation amongst the British people as she does
to-day. The magnitude of her public works, the healthfulness
of her climate, and the immensity of her territorial extent,
were made apparent through the Exhibition as no other means
could have accomplished.

Commemorative diplomas and medals have been awarded to
every exhibitor at the Indian and Colonial Exhibition, number-
ini; about three thousand of each.

The medals are of bronze, and are very handsome in design
and finish. They are about double the size of an ordinary
penny. On the olwerse side is a profile portrait of the Prince
of Wales, while on the reverse are the words, " Colonial and
Indian Exhibition, 1880," surrounded by a cluster of oak leaves.

The diplomas are large-sized and of exquisite design and
finish, being artistically colored. Britannia is represented,
trideri in hand, seated on a throne guarded by the British lion.
Behind her stand two figures, one with torch in hand, the other
spinning cotton, both representing, according to the interpreta-
tion, the march of progress and the speed of enlightenment in
the British Empire, Directly in front of Britannia, who
extends her right hand in friendly welcome, are groups of
individuals attired in characteristic costumes of the various
Colonies. Here the noble red man, with uplifted head, presents
his contribution to the wealth of the Empire ; while there his
more thinly-clad fellow-subject from the burning plains of
India, the lordly Zulu, or under-sized Negro, laden with the
product of his clime, seemingly vie with one another in their
amiable glances in the direction of welcoming Britannia.
Without an open window is seen a purple sea, on which is
calmly floating a British man-of-war, reminding the Colonists
of their securitv at all times.

't!

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ToK(»NTi> " ('ai,m;i) P>ack."

'r()i?(>N'i'(» Kximins.

No city conid coinpiiro with Toronto in tlio nunilter and
vnrirty ol" her <.'xhil)its. as shown hy th(> hifj^'o nninlicr ol
tnothils nn»l diphtniMs distrilinti'il. Thi* nntMh(>r prcscTitcd
thro\i_i^h tho bjdnoiition DcpMitnicnt alone was i;^", ftnd ;idvan
ta<i;o was taken of (he |>n>s»>tice in Toronto ol" the (JoNernor
(i(>neral and I^aily liansiicnvne to make Ihe presentation. This
interesting; event took |dae(> on th»> 4th of May, at a conver
saziono ^iven in the Normal School laiildini^s; tl\e proeiu^iinLjs
Indni; ii\terspersiMl with vocal ami ii\strnniental selections
The recipiiMJts of nuMJals wer(> connecteii with the Normal juid
MoiUd Schools, the Art School, ruhlic and Separate SchooN.
Collce;iato lnstitnt«> and \arions Colles;es. School of Practical
Science and Toronto Iniversily, ai»d exhihitors of school
snpplios, books and musical instruments, and ])roved a most
intorcstiui; (occasion ; the principal feature heinij^ the adtlress (if
His Excellency on tine arts, which was r<>]ili»te with informa-
tion. and both compliuientary and encoiu'au^inij to the students.

An int(M'estinu; description of the arranefemcnt of the educa-
tional exhibits and the sieneral elVect was ijfivon hv Dr. S
Passuiore Mav. who was tlie Comnussioner in charije, under the
direction of Hon. U. \V. Koss. Minister of l*]diication. l>r.
May has published a . oniplete report, and also a cataioi^ue of
the whole educational exhibits, which axe veiy valuable and
interesting.

HON. SIK CHAIU.KS TIITEK, (J.C.M.Q., V.W.

All the exhibitors from Toronto s]>eak in the hij^he.st terms
of the indefatigable exertions, inexhaustible patience, and
uniform courtesy disjdayed by Sir Charles Tupper during the
exhibition.

Dominion Day, 1886.

The nineteenth birthday of Confederation, amidst the usual
celebration that took place, was especially remarkable at Win-
nipeg by the arrival there of the first through passenger train
for Vancouver, which left Montreal on June 28th. Its arrival

iQfer train

HON'. SIR ciiAki.r,^ '>ri'i'Kk, I!,\K( i.\i;r

///(//( < n,

II III i^siimi I iir ( 'ii iiiiihi .

« f

'•?

1S +

ToHoNlo " ( ' M i,i:i» \\\i h

WHS ^rcoto*! \vitl\ i\ ^iimhI inilitmy diMplny. Ilio hriti|r .d' iv fiii
ih }o\<\ iluuulor nf n,ilill»>rv, nini (In' oIhmmm oI' l,ln» nNMcnildi'd
iniil<i(\iil<v

The oixio MiMroHs (o (I\(» ricMidi'iit (uul nin«rt(trM nl' Mie
('Mundiiin rnoilir Kiiihvny oonlMiiicd Hie rollmviii^ : " \Vp Imvo
no il»>\jl<(> HM io (Iw inlluiMin* lIiiM sinprniltms wmU will liiiv(<
upon tin* ooiiMnort'inl pn\i;r(>sM ol' ih(> ^rntiil oM (Mnpiroor wliicli
>V(' nv(» pro»»<i <o Totm n p!\tl.

"We Know ll\Mi <lu> coM'-innnuilion of jliis work will nniic
nn<l ot nsi>li(l.'\(o mu pxtcM'^ivc Hnlish ('olonial Mmpin* in
AnwM-ii'iv, und (h.-il l>y pluciuir onr own ^irill(> nronml I.1m> Con
tin(MU. i(MTi<oiit>s now lyin;'; wmjIc mihI tlcMolulc will Ih' Itronj^dil.
undtM" <lio l>«'n(»iir»Mit. inlliiciirt^ of oivili/!i(io>\ nn<l romincfn*.
nnut\<ninin};- in Uiilish liMnds (hMd snprcMKU'v Ihnl would appear
t»i 1h» \\\o l\ori(!\>vo of (ho Anvio S.-ivon {\nd ('t>l(i(' imccs."

Tliis was (ho 1irs(, (r.Min rini on (h(> ( wcnty-l'onr hour iiinn
sys(*>n\ in(rodur»Ml hy (ho (', l'. Iv. ('o. Tho (.rain (.o <'onn<'c(,
lo1'( roron(o ot\ (lu^ 'JMh, m( sex (mHciii (^livo p ni.) o'cloclv.

Tho train nrriviMl a( Tort Moo.ly on (ho U[\\ .Inly, and was
ivHnMvt^l wi(h ^voat (Miduisiasni. (h(> Vicioria hnjul phiyin^j;
" Soo tho CvMupnM'inu; Hovo Tonu^s."

Tho town of Vanoonvor was cntin'ly dcstroyod hy (iro on
the l.Sth Jnno.

NTAOARA inVKK. rr.l.OW THK KM. I.S.

TOlidM'O I'lIOM issl TO iHlii

will imilt'
l''.Mi|iir(< ill
.1 l.lio Con-
!»(> I»roii;.0il.

comnicrn*.
iiM n|tii(Mir

hour tiiii(<
to coniu'ct

V, Mild WllM

playing'

Rol.ollioii of 1H:j7.

In (lif HCMsioii (if I'm liiiiiK'tit 111. '\'<)tiii\\i>, ill \K',li'.',7, hi
|{i»l|ili iiMi'd l,li(! I'dllowiii^^' lnii;;n(i(/«! : " i U[t u{uirrii\i\\\<'i\\ H]t\in.-
li(»M is Hiiiu^iiliir. To ili(< hoiiIIi wr nti' l.dcrifl from the Atlantic
(•nasi, liy tin- Aiiicrican llfpulilic' ; |,(»llic noitJi nii'l noitli west
you pasM lliioiii^di Itarrcii luii'l i l<» nioiiiitaiiiM f;ov(rf'l with
rvrrlaMtin^^ MMci"M. iiikI niiioiiL; linlian trihiis nnknown , urid to
l.hr ("list wo art" iiit,crrii|tt<'(| hy (ho .sister I'rovincc, tlio vcrv
J'roviiKM" with which it is |iro|iosc(| to lijiito ns "

Tho .state of political alHurs may Ix- jii<l^;<(| Irom the lari''ua"fc
used at this timo \>y an I'.n^^lish oi/^'an of tho Opposition:
" ilciKH-rorth there must 1 • no ficacc to the Province

(luurter for the pliiiiderer,s
stroy the

ito I a^dtate ! ! a;^dtate

no
De-

revenue; (lenou

'le oppressf^rs.

lawful wdieii the fundamental iihertic.s

Ul(;

in (J

'tl

veryttiirifr ih

a.nt'er.

'Ill

Quur

(Is (lie

lev never .surrender.

At puhlic meetin;4,s the Imperial resolutions were denounced
fts a hreach of faith and a violation of ri;^dit. Itesolutions were
adojited to use as little as [lossihle of impf^rted articles pavinf/
duty, and to rai.se a i'apineau trihut<: in imitation of O'f.'onnell'.s
Kepeal Ilont. Such wa.s the Ktate of all'uirs in ^Janarla while
yot His Majesty William IV., sat on the throne of (jreat Britain.

On the 15th of June;, IH:{7, five; days before the accession of
Hor Majesty Queen Victoria, L(jrd (Josford tried the effect of a
proclamation on the a^dtation which was convul.sinL' societv-
13

) it

ING

TouoNTo "Callkd Hack."

He assured the people that the Imperial Parliament had neither
violated nor was about to violate the just rij^hts and privileges
of His Majesty's Canadian subjects. This j)roclamation was
torn in pieces by the /i((l>ih(uts in Lower Canada, amid cries of
"A bas la proclamation!" The Krcnoh-Canadians rallied to
the popular cries " Vive Pa})ineau ! Vive la libert(^! Point du
despotisme ! "

In Upper Canada, William Lyon ^lacken/ie in liis journal
declaimed on the condition of public atliiirs with scathing
bitterness. He thus wrote:

" Canadians ! Brother Colonists ! Your mock Parliament lias
done its duty ; bills and badgerings have I'oilowed each other
in (juick succession.

" Ye false Canadians ! Tories ! Pensioners ! Placemen ! Prof-
ligates I Orangemen ! Churchmen ! Spies ! Informers ! Brokers!
Gamblers ! Parasites and knaves of every caste and description,
allow me to congratulate vou ! Never was a vagabond race
more prosperous! Never did successful villainy rejoice in
brighter visions of the future than ye may indulge. Ye may
plunder and rob with impunity ; your feet are on the people's
necks ; they are transformed into tame, crouching slaves, ready
to be trampled on. Erect your Juggernaut; the people are
ready to be sacriticed under the wheels of the idol.

" The four-pound loaf is at a Halifax shilling (20 cents) ; the
barrel of Hour brings twelve dollars. Woe and wailing and
pauperism and crime meet us at every corner of the streets.
The settlers and their families on the Ottawa, in Siracoe, in the
rear of the Lomlon district, and many new settlements, seldom
taste a morsel of breatl, and are glad to gnaw the bark off the
trees, or sell their improvements for a morse) to keep away
starvation.

" The settlers are leaving the country in thousands for lands
less favored by nature, but blessed with free institutions and
just government. The merchants are going to ruin one after
another ; even sycophancy and degrading scurrility have failed
to save them this time. They cry out, Why is it so ? I pity
them not. Money, wealth, power, was their god, the Dagon of

Toronto tkom Ins? n 1H!)2.

1,S7

tlioir idolatry. Jjot tlicm cry iiloiid uinl spai'i! not; pcrhiips oven
now lu! will help thoin.

"But wliv are want and nnserv come amonij us? Ah' ?
rebels to Christianity, ye detest tl.i> trntli, ye shut your ears
n<^ainst that which is rij^^ht. Your country is taxed, priest-
ridden, sold to stran<,'ers and ruined. What then! Ye share
the plunders! Ijike the Lazarroni of Italy, ye d(;li<;ht in
cruelty and distress, and hinientation and woe."

Mr. Mackenzie died in ISOl, and even at that time he irnist
have been himself astonished at the wonderful clian^es which
had taken place in the condition of the country during' the
])revious twenty-four years of the reiLjn of (^ueen Victoria; and
had he lived during tlu^ following,' twenty-six years an<l wit-
nessed the JubilfH! — with its "^dorious a.ssociations and unpar-
alleled record of proi^n'ess and prosperity, and nowhere greater
than in the Dondnion of Canada, and tht; City of Toronto — no
doubt he would rejoice with every other loyal subject — as he
afterwards proved to be — at tin; r(!stdts of the beni^^n and
benii^nant sway of her who sits uj)()n I'^n^dand's throne and
lives in the hearts of her Canadian siiliject.s.

It must not be inferred from the precedin<( historical extracts
that the Canadian people had become disloyal : although a
large number joined in the abortive rebellion, they were only a
small minority of malcontents, while the great body remained
true to the Government, their loyalty being intensified by the
insurrection which had taken place.

The Queen's Jubilee.

The Queen attained her 6yth birthday on May 24th, and the
20th of June completed the fiftieth year of her glorious reign.
There have been but three similar jubilees in our history.

The jubilee of Henry III., was kept on the 19th of October,
1265, and the festival celebration was hardly a joy-inspiring
one. The next royal jubilee was that of Edward III., kept on
the 25th of January, 1377, in connection with which also there
seems to have been little cause for iubilation. On the 25th of

''II

-1

188

Toronto "Called Back."

Octobei', 1809, tLe jubilee of George III. was celebrated with
more joyous hil^irity than characterized either of th*» •© prede-
cessors. The Queen's Jubilee excels them all in tho loyalty and
afiection of her subjects.

,s i-

"Carmen Seeculare."

LORD Tennyson's jubilee ode.

Fifty times the rose has flowerVI and faded,

Fifty times the golden harvest fallen,

Since our Queen assumed the globe, the sceptre.

II.
She, beloved for a kindliness
Rare in table or history,
Queen, and Empress of India,
Crown'd so long with a diadem
Never worn by a worthier,
Now with prosperous auguries
Comes at last to the bounteous
Crowning year of her Jubilee.

III.

Kothing of the lawless, of the Despot,
Nothing of the vulgar, the vainglorious,
All is gracious, y;entle, great and Queenly.

IV.

You then loyally, all of you,
Deck your houses, illuminate
All your towns for a festival,
And in each let a multitude
Loyal, each to the heart of it
One full voice of allegiance,
Hail the great Ceremonial
Of this year of her Jubilee.

Queen, as true to womanhood as Queenhood,
Glorying in the glories of her people,
Sorrowing with the sorrows of the lowest !

I «

Toronto from 1687 to 1892.

VI.

You, that wanton in affluence,
Spare not now to be bountiful.
Call your poor to regale with you,
Make your neighborhood healthfuller,
Give your gold to the Hospital,
Let the weary be comforted,
Let the needy be banqueted,
Let the maini'd in his heart rejoice
At this year of her Jubilee.

vn.

Henry's fifty years are all in shadow.
Gray with distance Edward's fifty summers,
Ev'n her Grandsire's fifty half forgotten.

vin.

You, the Patriot Architect,
Shape a stately memorial,
Make it regally gorgeous.
Some Imperial Institute,
Rich in symbol, in ornament.
Which may speak to the centuriea,
All the centuries after us.
Of this year of her Jubilee.

IX.

Fifty years of ever-broadening Commerce !
Fifty years of ever-brightening Science !
Fifty years of ever-widening Empire !

You, the Mighty, the Fortutiate,
You, the Lord-territorial,
You, the Lord-manufacturer,
You, the hardy, laborious.
Patient children of Albion,
You, Canadian, Indian,
Australasian, African,
All yt.>ur hearts be in harmony,
All your voices in unison,
Singing " Hail to the glorious
Golden year of her Jubilee 1 "

189

II '■'

i \

li'

190 • Toronto "Called Back."

XI.

Are there thunders moaning in the distance ?
Are there spectres moving in the darkness ?
Trust the Lord of Light to guide her people,
Till the thunders pass, the spectres vanish,
And the Light is Victor, and the darkness
Dawns into the Jul)ilee of the Ages.

Only six sovereigns of England since the Norman Conquest
attained an age equal to or beyond that which the Queen
attained on the 24th of May, 1887. These were: Queen
Elizabeth, who reached 69 years; James II, 68 yeais; George
II., 77 years ; George III., 82 years; George IV., 68 years, and
William IV., 72 years. Her Majesty's reign has only been
twice exceeded in length, namely, by Henry III., who reigned
for 56 years, and by George III., who reigned for 60 years; but
the reign of one other sovereign, Edward III., equalled it by
extending to 50 years.

Queen Victoria is only eighth in descent from James I., a
long stretch of history being covered by the seven intervening
lives. She is fourteenth in descent from Edward VI., twenty-
eighth in descent from Henry I., thirty-fifth in descent from
Alfred the Great, and thirty-seventh in descent from Egbert,
the first sole monarch of England. The ramifications of her
pedigree connect her with many other illustrious personages in
addition to those already named.

Fifty Years' Progress.

No equal period in the history of the world has witnessed
such advances in science and speed, such rapid development in
the useful arts, such an increase of comfort, liberty and enlight-
enment. Since Queen Victoria ascended the British Throne
the population of Great Britain and Ireland has increased from
26,000,000 to 37,000,000. The acquisition of foreign territory
by Great Britain is without a parallel in the history of the
human family. She bears rule over one-third of the surface of
the globe, and over nearly one-fourth of its population. Her

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

191

possessions abroad are in area sixty times lari^er than the parent
state. She owns three millions and a half of square miles in
America, one million each in Africa and Asia, and two and a
half millions in Australia. At the Indian and Colonial Exhibi-
tion in London, in 1886, sixty-eight colonies and dependencies
were represented, varying in extent from Gibraltar, with its
two square miles, to Canada with her three millions and a half.
In the fifty years her aggregate wealth has more than trebled,
her foreign commerce has increased five-fold ; the imports of
the United Kingdom have increased from £06,000,000 to £.S74,-
000,000. During the same period the imports of the British
Possessions have increased from £26,000,000 to £218,000,000.
The public revenues of the United Kingdom have grown since
the Queen's accession from £55,000,000 to £03,000.000, anil of
the British Possessions from £23,000,000 to £115,000,000. In
1837, the shipping of the United Kingdom was 9.000,000 tons ;
in 1887 it reached 64,000,000 tons. In the fifty years the
average entered and cleared at ports in the Biitish Possessions
had increased from 7,000,000 to 7^,000,000 tons.

The penny postage was introduced soon after the Queen
came to the throne, and in 1839 the total number of letters
delivered in the United Kingdom was 82,471,000. In 1885
what was their number ? The total was 1,403,000,000 letters,
496,000,000 newspapers and books, and 172,000,000 post-cards,
making a total of 2,071,000,000.

The increase of wealth in the United Kingdom in the fifty
years has been enormous, the taxable income having risen in
thirty years from £308,000,000 to £031,000,000, or in the pro-
portion of 105 per cent.

When Queen Victoria ascended the throne, Australia was
only a convict settlement, British India belonged to a commer'
cial company, the South African Colony was little more than a
barren rock, and the Dominion of Canada was shorn of an
immense territory by the Hud.'son's Bay Company. These are
marvellous facts and figures of material progress within one
reign, but what is quite as important is the fact that the en-
lightenment, enfranchisement and bettered condition of ihe

i.v\

1 :!

I .

I ; *

; t

', (

* 1

102

ToHoNTo "Called Hack.'

masses, tlie sjfrowth of civil liberty, of art and culture, have
kept pace witli the vast strides in population, trade and wealth.
NewspapiM's, schools, churches and benevolent societies have
grown as never hefore, and accomplished practical results as
they ;j^re\v. Laws have improved, Inunanifcy a<lvanced, wages
increased, an<l the prime necessities of life cheapened, till now
it is the deliberate judgnient of the most cautioiis statisticians
that the British hibourer is .'U) per cent, better paid. 40 percent,
better house<l, nO per cent. bett(>r clothed, and l."() per cent.
better educated, than he was in the reign of William IV.

• I

Toronto's Loyalty.

Toronto, always foremost in her allegiance to Great Britain,
manifestcMl Ium' loyalty to the young Queen on the occasion of
her Coroniitioii. on the '?Sth of dune, 1S.S8.

The citizens of Toronto, in their expression of joy, joined
heartily in the celebration. Bublie rejoicings, dinners, speeches,
and lireworks, were the order of the day and evening.

A grand procession of firemen was tlie principal public
ftviture, and formed a tine display, being headed by the bands
of the (^)ueen's Rangers and of the Ivoyal Foresters. 'I h<! tire
engines, drawn by two or four horses, were magnificently
ilecorated, and mottoes of loyalty were prominently displayed
on flags and banners, amitlst which were the names " Victoria, "
in a wreath of Ixose, Thistle, and Shann-ock, and " British
Supremacy," City of Toroi\to arn\s in gold, three gilt lions,
gilt Irish harp, and the motto of the City of Toronto in j^old —
" Industry, Intelligence, Integrity."

Dominion of Canada.

From the Atlantic to the Pacific, in hamlet and village, city
and town, whether the it\habitants were English, Irish, Scotch,
French, Cerman, Indian or Ethiopian, all united as Canadians
to honor their (vHieen, and enjoy a hearty celebration of Her

Mniestv's Jubi!ee.

Toronto fisom 1887 to 1802.

Celebration in Toronto,

lOb

The mo.st eiuluriiiif nionuiiKJiit to cojimieiTioratc the great
ovent will l>e tlio erection oi' a now hoHpital for sick cliiidren,
for wiiich tlie citizens liave voted tlio .sum of S2(),()()().

Tlie Jul)ilee celel)rations \V"'r(! inaugurated l)y a Military
Church Parade, on the l!)th of flune, vvlien a 'I'hanicsgiving
service was held in St. James' Cathedral. The iJisliop of
Toronto and several leading clergymen otliciated. The tro(,pM,
which marched to tlie church hrade*! l»y their liands, consisted
of the Govcrnor-Cjeneral's Body Cuaid, 'I'oronto Garrison Artil-
lery, members and ex-memhers of the (^U(!en's Own IMHe.s,
Tenth Royal (ii'enadiers, and Army and Navy lVnsion(;rs.
The service, which was most ap]))"oj)riate, was rendered uiuisu-
ally attractive hy the addition of the serviccis of tlu; hand f>f
the "(Queen's Own " to the nuisical prograumie. Major-Cieiusral
Sir Fre<lerick Middleton and Colonel Czowski, A.D.C, wer(5
present in the congregation. The sermc^n was [)reached l)y the
Rev. Dr. O'Meara.

The Jubilee celebration was observed by religious services in
the other churches on the same day, all of which were inten.sely
interesting and fervent.

JUBILEE PUAISK AND Til ANKS(ilVINa .SERVICES.

While no language could portray, or pen (hjscribe, the
emotions which tlirilled and viltrated in the hearts of the
millions of (^)ueen Vict'^ria's subjects in all parts of the worM,
as in ode and ai.chem their voices joined in loud and haruKjuious
acclaim in expressing the sentiments contained in "(Uh\ Save
the Queen," and with the swelling notes of the organ, now
melted to tears and again lifted in rapture to the very gate of
heaven, they gave expression to their feelings of gratitude and
love for all the blessings enjoyed under the boneticent rule of
our Empress-Queen ; yet if it were possible to collect and publish
the sermons and addresses of ministers and laymen of all
denomination.s, "distinct as the billows, yet one as the sea," who,
in tens of thousands of churches in all parts of the world, on

194

Toronto "Called Back."

the 19th and 21st of June, 1887, expatiated on the theme of
the Victorian age, comprehending all Hs VL.st and mighty
interests, the personal goodness and virtues cf the Queen, the
purity of her court, the example of domestic love with its
world-wide influence on society, the development of art, science,
trade and commerce, the spread of civilization and education,
the advance of literature, the origination of numberless benevo-
lent and religious institutions, and the gene ' advancement
and present grandeur of the British Empire ^cring the past
fifty years, they would form a volume such as the world has
never seen, and such a memento of the grand Jubilee .is would
eclipse all former histories of nations or monarchs since the
world began.

The appointment of the 30th June and 1st July for the
Jubilee celebration proved to be both appropriate and success-
ful, combining the usual Dominion Day rejoicings with the
anniversary of the Queen's accession. The principal feature of
the first day's proceedings was a grand procession of nearly
12,000 children from the public schools, which was witnessed
by immense crowds of the citizens, and was a sight of which
any city the size of Toronto UMght well be proud. Nearly every
child wore a Jubilee medal o»' badge, while flags and banners
were plentifully displayed.

JUBILEE SERVICE IN THE METROPOLITAN CHURCH.

A grand united reliL''ious and musical service, in which all the
Evangelical Churches were represented, was the crowning event
of the 80th June. The magnificent edifice was crowded to
overflowing, and was beautifully decorated with flags, plants
and tlowers. The musical portion of the service was the chief
attraction, the selections being of the most appropriate and
loyal character, and were quite as elo<]uent and even more in-
spiring than were the beautiful addresses delivered by the
speakers. A large number of distinguished gentlemen occupied
the platform, amongst whom were the Hon. Sir Alexander
Campbell, the newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario;
Hon. O. Mowat, Premier ; and W. H. Howland, Esq., Mayor,

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

195

also prominent clergymen of all denominations, while in the
body of the church were members of the City Council, and
representatives of the various National and Benevolent Societies,
all moved by the same spirit of enthusiasm, and joining with the
choir of nearly 200 voices in the music set apart for the audience,
with " glad hearts and voices," to swell the general harmony.

The service commenced with Mr. Torrington's performance on
the organ of Gounod's March Cortege, which was followed by the
singing of " God Save the Queen," by the vast audience. The
effect of this inspiring hymn, when joined in by thousands of
voices was most thrilling. The other selections were chieHy
the same as given in Westminster Abbey, including Dr. Bridge's
Jubilee Ode and Anthem. The addresses were practical,
enthusiastic and eloquent, but above all breathed the spirit of
true and genuine loyalty throughout.

The closing song and chorus were composed by Mr. F. H.
Torrington, and were sung with great spirit and feeling:

Old England calls upon her s^ns

To honor England's Queen ;
Her sons respond, and daughters too,

To keep her memory green.
With loyal hearts and ready hands

The Empire's children stand,
Prepar3d to do, prepared to die 1

For Queen and native land.

Chorus.
Victoria ! Our Queen beloved,

With loyal heart and hand,
Thy colonies and fatherland

United by thee stand.

For fifty years our country's flag

Hath borne o'er earth and main,
The name of Empress, Queen belov'd,

With neither spot nor stain.
Long may it bear Victoria's name,

Long o'er us may she reign,
And for our Empirj broad and grand

May she new honor gain.

\>\

196 Toronto "Called Back."

Upon our Queen, o"r Country, Flag,

God's blessing ever rest,,
With peace and plenty everywhere,

Her people's homes be blest.
God save the Queen, her i)eoplo pray,

From hearts sincere and free ;
God save ourlov'd Victoria,

And crown her Jubilee.

AT THE SYNAGOGUE.

The services held by the Jewish residents were remarkable
for their intense devotion to the person and character ci: Queen
Victoria. The beautiful and appropriate prayers, the music
and eloquent sermon by Rabbi Phillips, were all expressive of
the reverence in which Her Majesty is held by the Jewish
people throughout the world. He alluded in thrilling tones to
the flag of England, w- hich lent its protection to the Jew as well
as the Gentile. The Jewish merchant kings have found guar-
dianship beneath its folds, and Jewnsh legislators had found
honored places in the Imperial courts. God had been gracious
unto His chosen people and provided them with a protectress
in their well-beloved Queen. At the conclusion of the discourse
the ark was opened and prayers were offered for Her Majesty.
The choir sang a number of Psalms in the original tongue, and
the service cunclu<led with the National Anthem in English.

Dominion Day, 1887.

The grand event so long anticipated was one to be long
remembered as perhaps the most remarkable and the most
thoroughly delightful day in the history of Toronto. The
clanging of bells all over the city at 11 a.m. announced to the
150,000 people of Toronto that the demonstration in honor of
Her Majesty's Jubilee, in the shape of a procession, had started
toward the Exhibition Grounds. The route was thronged with
immense crowds of spectators, wdio cheered heartily as the
various organizations appeared. The road was kept clear by a
detachment of mounted police, after which came the Mayor and

TOUONTO FROM 1887 TO 1892.

197

1;:?'
■ i

Aldermen io carriages ; following them were the Trustees of
the Public and Separate Schools, the Industrial Exhibition
Trustees, and Board of the Public Library; then came the fol-
lowing societies, military corps and organizations in the order
named, bands, banners and flags being interspersed in regular
order : — Retired Officers, Army, Navy and Militia, in uniform ;
Veterans, Army and Navy ; Veterans, Volunteers ; Governor-
General's Body Guard, Toronto Field Batterv, Garrison Artillery,
Queen's Own Rifles, Tenth Royal Grenadiers, Irish Protestant
Benevolent Society, and Sons of Ireland, Sons of Canada, St.
David's Society, Sons of England, St. George's Society, Young
Glen's Protestant Benevolent Association, Orangemen, Foresters,
Knights of T^ythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Man-
chester Unity (Oddfellows), Knights of the Maccabees, Peter
Ogden Lodge (Oddfellows), Toronto Butcher's Association and
the Toronto Fire Brigade.

The appearance of the procession w'as very fine, and took an
hour to pass one point. Had the trades of the city joined in,
the length would have been immensely extended, but they had
reserved their procession for Exhibition week. At the grounds
loyal and patriotic speeches were made by Mayor Rowland,
Hon. O. Mowat, the Pemier of Ontario, and others ; altogether
the arrangements for the full enjoyment of the day were most
successfully carried out, and added another to the long list of
the exhibitions of Toronto's loyalty.

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Celebration in London.

Of the sixteen reigning sovereigns of the present time, leaving
out the Queen herself, and including the President of the
United States and Pope Leo, four were actually present, and all
the others were represented on this glorious occasion. In the
historic Abbey of Westminster, built by King Edward the
Confessor, which, more than 800 years ago, Pope Nicholas II.
ordained to be the place of enthronement for the monarchs of
England, whoFe walls are hallowed by monuments to all whom
England holds great — kings, statesmen, heroes, philanthropists

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Toronto from 1S87 to 189'2.

199

and poets — the Queen, surrounded by her children, her grand-
children, and her great-grandchildren, returned thanks to the
Almighty for her fifty years of reign. To witness this act of
homage to the Divine power there came kings, princes, and
potentates, and representatives from every nation in the world.
Never in the history of England has so proud a sight been seen.
There were Peers of the Realm, the Commons, High OlKcers of
State ; India furnished her princes, Canada and Australia and
all the Colonies sent men who have sustained the dignity of
the Crown in these distant lands. But hark ! the benediction
is pronounced, the choir sends up the Hnal song of praise and
triumph, its echoes die away in the groined roof of the Abbey ;
the great portals open, the brilliant procession tiles down the
nave, issues forth, and wends its way back to the Palace. At
this moment the lonely splendor of the crown vanishes. The
reward of fifty years of beneficent reign has come. As the
Queen passes the crown shines out in all its glory, but no longer
alone, for it is illumined by the upturned faces of thousands
and tens of thousands and millions of her grateful people, as
they shout with one heart and one voice, " Long live the Queen."

lit

Jubilee Choral Concert.

Dr. Mackenzie's " Ode," set to music by Mr. Bennett, was
given at the Crystal Palace on the 24th of June, by 3,500 per-
formers and celebrated soloists, before an immense audience,
Madame Albani, an artiste of whom Canada may well feel
proud, being the principal soprano singer, and was triumphantly
successful. The " Ode " opens with a full chorus :

" For fifty years our Queen, Victoria, hail ! "
Wild clanging bells and thund'rous cannon

Shook the air and made it quiver
From Dee to Tamar, Thames to Shannon.

O Queen, the people of thine homelands greet thee,
One in impulse, one in heart,

Hushed are all discordant wranglings,
Foemen stern now cease their janglings,
Sword and shield are laid apart !
O Queen, in harmony thy lieges meet thee !

! \

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200

TouoiNTo "Calij:i) Ba:k."

SoiiH of tlic I)(iiiiiniiin

8i'o, they li'iid till' wuy !
Fnim wluTu Atliuitio Hiirij;i'»,

I'licilio wavclutH, pluy,
Knmi stdi'iud town ftiid riviTsidu,

From inoiiiitiiiii ntid fnuii pliuii,
An ancient tlirono thi ir rallyinLC-point,

"(.uhI 81VV0 tho C^uocn ! " thoir strain

Conio now from Austral lands,

Up from tho under- world ;
Firn> hearts and willing hands,

Wide is tiioir Hag unfurled !
Hark, their stentorian cheer,

Heard once in deadly tight,
Once when for cause held dear
lirave souls that know no fear

Struck home for Britain's might.

And India's dusky sons pass on

In glittering array,
Tho last and greatest tribute laid

Before the throne this day.

More than crown of monarch precious
That which now thy people give thee,
Flower-entwined, made of blossoms
Gather'd in the beauteous garden
Where forever bloom scent-laden
Words and deeds of purest nature.
Loving daughter, wife devoted,
Tender par^-nt, friend so faithful,
Ever with the stricken grieving.
Ever with the glad rejoicing,
•Lo, on this great day we crown thee.
Queen of all our hearts, Victoria !

Lord of life and light and glory,
God of our world-empire's story,
Low we bow before Thy throne.
Praise is Thine, and Thine alone.
King of kings, protect this nation.
Lord of lords, be our sabation

In the stress of trouble's day.

Toronto fkom 1887 to' 181)2. 201

O M()«t Hij^'h, on 'I'lieu relying,
Now anil «vt'r ill defying,

Wo Hecurcly rest tor aye !

Now, in onu lieaitfi'lt liond nf l<ivt;

For lit-r who wii'ldH oui Kni|iirf's power,
Now, on tlii.sdiiy nf .liiliileo,

Now, in thiaj^'liid and .sokiiin lu)ur
Let the priiyi rful imtlu'iii risi>
High and iiigher to the sUiuH.

As a climax, the autlior's now verse, which was added to the
National Anthem, was oiven with all the force of choii-, oi'<,'an,
orchestra, and the distant hooiuin;^' of cannon, which were tired
by electricity from the conductor's desk.

The composer succeeded in infusi<iL( local colorin<( into each

section representeil in his composition. The arrival of the

Canadians is indicated by the imitation of sleigh bells, and .so

with the other divisions of tlie Colonies, the music l»eing

adapted to each. Tlie new verse added to the National Anthem

is as follows :

For her wo tiiank TIkjo, Lord,
And now, in glad accnrd.

Thy goodnt'SH prai.se.
Strong 'I'hy defence and sure.

Keep her from hann .secure, •

So may Thy love endure

Thnjugh all her days.

♦

The Imperial Institute.

As the outcome of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition, and
at the same time the most enduring memorial of the Queen's
Jubilee, the Imperial Institute has become an important factor
among the institutions of the empire.

A sum of £310,000 has been raised, exclusive of the contri-
butions from India, and the building is now approaching com-
pletion. By the charter the Corporation is bound to establish
an endowment fund of £140,000.

Thanks to the energy displayed by the Prince of Wales, and

*
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'20-1

InHoMO ' { AM.Kl) liAiK."

fit

t I

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tlli> yr:\\ with wllirli In^ (>|^^l|•|^ Il!ni' Imm'II Mf'OOlltloil, till' I III

|hmim1 Instihilc Iim^ Ikmmi iMnnrlird in ;\ mniun'r wliicli will .^o
i\ joni; \\!\v <!' ;\^^urt' its ulliinMd' sncctvss. rii(> lin|i(>ri!ii liisli-
tn<«> i-; inl(>nili''| jo ilhi«iini(> iln' mnlcriivl juIvhimm's (if lln'
riMpiit', (n -illovtl iwcnns ul' i'.Mn|i!\risiMi with wluil. is iliiiic liy
olhor cinmirics, jo rsJnliJi'^l) nicntiM of oliiivininjr (•niniiM'nMivl
inlonnaHiti, to I'lntlitM- {li(> mix Mnfcnu'Mt ul' tiMilcM mihI linii'li-
iTiit'ts, liv ■^jitH'ial i>\hil'it ions miiiI ot litTwisr. ntnl in pr<)tiit>t,i>
ii'chnioal (><lno(\tion, awA tho ii\<histriMl nits ami scit'iiccH. It, is
intt'iiilcil !o lio ivj>V( sriijnt i\ (>, luij tiicrcly ol' wliiit. Iuim Imcii
• lono i1ir(Mii_;l\oii( th<* cmpniv l>iit <A' \vli;it is doin^ Mtid is iiltimt
til ho (|on<\

In tins hisiitnto llu' Doiuiniiui will lun f mi Dpportnnit y nl'
<lispl;\yiiiii: her r*'s(mro<>s !in<l promross in (>\(M-\- <I< jwirtinrnt,
;\»\d h\ a piM-potiifil <lispl(v\. Mltlunioli tlii> t'xliihits iiiiiy lii>
ohanood from time t(> (inu\ tli<> jiroiinct ions of ( '.'umilii will l>t'
oon^t-mtlv uii'liM'tlio in'-prct ion of vi'-itor-^ from cvrry piut. of
tilt' world, ;uid it niMV oonlid(>nlly In* cNjuH'tcd iliivt. in tlic
futuro, as in tht- p.i^t, Tovonlv) will hold iv coiiMiiicudtiH pliicp,
and that I;(M' « xlul'its will altvaot tlio attontion and oxoitc the
admiration o\' millii^n^ o\' p<'opl(\

Vho ('oloir.al Mi!Hst(M"s lia\t' Iummi ('\pvi'Nsinu[ t.luMr opinion
a>^ tii tlu^ w isdom o|' (>\t(M\dini4' tlu> ^^notMi's titl«» so as t,o covrv
th«M^^l«MU(-s. rii(> Mai-ijiiis of l,(M'nt> approxcs of llir tit.io of
' (^)iioon <A' (»r(\it r^vitain and Irtdand. Qm en of ('anada. Auslia,-
lasia. South Africa, of tlu^ d^lonios and noprndcinMCM, and
l"'.mpvtv-s o\' India."

Goveniors-Genornl of Canada since 1847.

I'.avi of Kloin. Sir l-'dmnnd H(\'id. \,o\\\ MoncU, Sii- .John
Voun^\Lord Li^^•ar\ Karl of nutforin. Marcpiisof Lorno, Maripis
of Lansdownc. and Lord ."^tanlcv. of rroNton.

Lioutenant-Goveniors of Ontario.

Major-lionoral Stistod, Sir W V. 1 lowland, lion. .lohn Craw-
ford, Hon. 1\ A, Maodonald. Hon. .lohn Hovcrh^v Uohinson. and
Hon. Aloxai-'.lcr r.iinpholl.

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Tni!(»M(» niMM issT ID |,S92, 203

Toronto ih Musiofil Uity.

Iliyli nil tlif sli'irn aul.H tlio i;rf'(il l;'><I I':iii,

Wliili' liuliiilly llnwt'il Uio livti,
Ali'l liMil:i'i| fui'l limvtxl lis (I t^ri'at '^ikI ciiti,
Willi liiM liiiiil lilcdk fil<'f>l, nl thf |iiiliiuit, rn<)d,
Till ilii'i»< wnn Mill, a hi^ii ni' n I'-hF, iii'IciI,

I'm piii\t' it I'tiHli tiMiii till' rivf'i'.

Uncut il '^lii.rt. 'li'lllr tjrcdt, i/'.d I'ati, -
llmv liill il bImikI in llu» rivff !

'riu'li il|<'\V lIlM jiilli |ili>. I lie ilPUll, 'if I. (riari,

Wti'iiijily ficitii the (piiIri'Im till!/,
Tlusii niitcJKMl llic jHinr, dry, tM(i|»ty llimt{,
111 liiiles, (18 liM nnU> hy flit! rivHr.

" 'riiis i« Mm- w,\.< , " liiiii^liiid tlio yrr/ih (^nd I'ari, —

I/!1II!^Ium| wliilo lio Bat.H liy IIih rwur, —
" Tlio "idy wiiy, siiico yodn lict/iui
'!''» mnitn ^wnnt milRir, tlify roiild succeed. '
riieii cir cp[i|iiim; Iiim MMiiitli i>p M, hnle m the reed,

lie lilew, III |ii)vver', liy I lie river.

Sweel, HWeet, (me>>t, O I'lin !

I'ieiciii:; sweet liy llie i iver,
llliiidm'4 Hweet, (> i/reat i/od J'uri I
Tile sun I'll tlie lull f<ir>/<>t Ut i\n',
And llie lilie.s revivod, iviid llie drai^ori (ly

• '(line 1p;h;I< In dreiiiii nii llie river.

— Eliyjihitlh liarrfAt /irmj)ii.iiifi.

Vr'ior to the prridil wluii tlio prfHont rorniniscc.rices cornirifinco
(licrt) wftM littlt! in m)(,i; of tin; iiiiisioal fiistrjry oF Torout't. The
writer is iiKN^Ittdl to tin; TorDiito Mrill tor soiue uccount pre-
vious to iH \-7.

It ;i|»|)ours liy tin- rarlicst rt'corils, that aw far hack as 1818
the Hok) instruiiKiiital ai'tist of Toiorito was a Mr. Maxwell
• listin^uishetl " for his <(Uit't iniuirMir, for the shade over one
eye, and for his liotii(!ly skill on the violin."

With military music the townsj)eople were familiarized hy
the occasional |jerf<jrmances of the regimental bands which

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204

Toronto "Called Back."

were stationed here from time to time. The ecclesiatical
music was entirely destitute of organs or melodeons.

At the Church of St. James, a Mr. Hetherington officiated as
clerk, and his mode of procedure was to announce the psalm or
hymn, give out the tune on the bassoon, and then accompany
the vocalists present with original and often grotesque improvi-
sations on that instrument. At one time a choir was formed
at this church with a bass viol, clarionet and bassoon as the
accompanying instruments. The music was almost entirely
confined to the churches that then existed ; the choirs being
accompanied by flutes, violins, violoncellos, and occasionally a
trombone. It is said that Mr. James Baxter organized and led
a choir at the old Methodist church on King Street, near the
present site of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, in 1831.

The flrst impetus of a permanent character given to music
was through the services of the late Mr. John Ellis and Dr.
McCaul ; the former distinguished by his performance on the
violoncello, with which Toronto audiences were favored gratui-
tously for many years, and the latter on the piano, showing
himself to be an accomplished musician as well as composer.

For many years Dr. McCaul was the patron of every enter-
prise which contributed to the pleasure and advantage of the
citizens. No meeting for any object of a literary, benevolent,
or pleasurable character was considered complete without the
presidency of Dr. McCaul, and whenever he took the lead his
felicitous remarks, always mingled \rith real Irish humor, in-
variably resulted in success.

Through the influence and etibrts of Dr. McCaul, selections
from the oratorios were flrst given in 1845, in the Parliament
Buildings. Monsieur Bley, a talented violinist, was brought
over from New York to conduct, and with him were engaged
Miss Andrews, Mi.ss Northrall, and Mr. Miller, as principal
vocalists. Two concerts were given, which were very suc-
cessful and excited great enthusiasm. Dr. McCaul presided at
the piano, and the Toronto Mail says, " was received with a
lurst of applause on making his appearance on the platform."
The result of this new venture leil to the inception of the idea

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

205

of establishing a Philharmonic Society. Monsieur Bley, having
been induced to remain in Toronto, was appointed conductor of
the new organization, which started in 1846. Dr. McCaul was
the President and Mr. Ellis the instrumental manager.

The Society gave a concert in the University Hall, Parlia-
ment Buildin.<;s, on St. George's Day, April 23rd, 1847, a few
days after the writer's arrival in the city, for the benefit of the
Irish and Scotch relief funds. Aniongf the vocalists were Mi-.
J. D. Humphreys, who became Toronto's favorite tenor, Mrs.
Searle and Messrs. Ambrose and Barron.

After a short stay in Toronto Monsieur Bley returned ta
France, and the Society was started afresh in 1848, with Dr.
Strathy as vocal conductor and pianist, and Mr. Schallehn as
" chef d'attaque " of the orchestra.

The first concert was given in the City Hall on the 2Sth of
December, 1849, which created quite an excitement ; some of
the most difficult morceaux of the great masters were given
with fair success. The second of these concerts was given in
the Temperance Hall, on the *31st of January, 18.50, under the
patronage of the Earl and Countess of Elgin. Mr. Schallehn
was a clever clarionet player, and was bandmaster of the 71.st
Regiment.

In 1851 the Toronto Vocal Music Society was for)ued in the
room of the old Philharmonic. Dr. McCaul was the President,
the late Chief-Justice Draper, Vice-President, and Dr. Clarke,
Conductor. At the fir«t of the reunions of this Society, in May
of that year, the solo vocalists were Miss Davis (afterwards
Mrs. F. Thomas), and Miss Harris ; among the choral numbers
given was Handel's "Hailstone Chorus," from " Israel in Egypt."
These meetings culminated in a public concert in the following
December. The programme embraced selections from the
works of Handel, ,Weber, Rossini and Mendelssohn. The
soloists were Miss Davis, Mr. Hecht, baritone, and Mr. T. Cooper,
tenor.

The second concert was given in June, 1852, in the St. Law-
rence Hall, which had just been opened. This concert was
given in commemoration of Moore, the poet. Mr. Paige, tenor,

■i!'

2(Mi

ToHoNTO " ( 'AI.LKU |}A(JK."

) t

and MJHH I'di^o, Hopi/uio, iiuulc tiicir )i])|)('aranc(i anH became
fj;roftt I'avoritiss with tlu! pnMic.

Ai'icr tliin a new (tr^anizaiion wan I'oniH'd uiidiir Uio old title
of tlic l'lii!li(U'mf)nic Socitity. I^i"- M»'("Hnl was I'lcctt^l I'ro.si-
dcTit ; Mr. Frod. Widdci-, vornl in(\nMLr«,r ; I'rol'. (Jrol't, iiiHtru-
nuMital inanaj^cir ; Dii C'larkn, rondiictor; a!id Mr. V. (Iricliel,
Icddcr of tho ornli(!,stni.

Mr. (ilri((licil, wlio viimw to Toronto with the .It^nny liind con-
cert tronpe, was otu^ of tlie ^^-catcst vioIinistH vvo.r rciHidcnt in
tlio city.

The first open tn(!otin<^f of tliis Philhannonit' Society was lichl
on the 2r)tli of April, l<sr)4, in tlH> Hnivrrsity JIall, J'arliatntint
iWiildin^H. On tlie j)ro;j;ratnni<' was aHvinphony of jieetiioven's,
the " Manchijah Chorus" from the "Mount of Olives," a cornet
NoV) from Mr. IFarknesH (handmaster), llui overtuni to " li'JtnJi-
nna," and a, violin Holo, "'I'lie dyin^ Hcene," from " Jjueia," hy
Herr (jlriebel.

At the third nje«!tin<4, Herr (Jrirlicj played J)e Keriot'.s first
cone-n'to for violin, and one of Pajj^aninis concert solos. The
(JhoruH .sanji IlaiMU'l'.s " Fixed in his ev(;rla,stin'r scat."

The Society n«!xt li<^nre(l at a, concert in aid of tin- patriotic
fund of tlie Orimean War snllerers, in the St. Lawrenc(> Had,
February, 1855. The proi^rammc inehid(Ml the " FiiruM-ai
March,'" by Beethoven; piano solo, Mr. fbiycraft ; sonir, "()h,
ihni, pnvsorve tlio mourners," Mi.ss Davis ; solo and cliorus, "(^>ui
tollis," Mr. riecht ; fantasia, on the "Cujiis animam," Mr. Hay-
ttT; fsong, " Ruth," Mrs. Heverley llobinsori ; son^, " I wouM be
a soldier," Mr. L. W. Smith ; piano and violin <hto on " William
Tell," Messrs. Griebel and Haycraft ; ' Hftroes of tlui C'riniea,"
Mr. Euniphreys; piano solo. " I^a Violette," Mr. Klojtlnd ; soul;,
" Th(» .sea is Merry England's, " Mr. P.arron (the.n late l*rincii)al
of the U. C. Collejjje). This conc(>rt excite<I Mnboundt'd en-
thusiasm, and was very successful.

The patronage of nuisic lovers was at this time diverted frijni
the society by the introduction of subscription concerts given
b}' Mr. an<l Miss Paige. This resulted in the fall of the Phil-
liarmonic Society, and musical mattcavs were cojuparativel v

TmI'.o.nid Miom |SS7 'III IMlL'

207

ii(!^lrot(!<! till till' nrrivul ol' Mr. .lolm diitcr, who Mcc('|it,c(| tlic
post oF orf^'aiii.sl. nt the ( "at.li<"li'(il ('liincli <il' St. .Iihik-s, tlifii
newly liuili. Mr. ( 'ii,rt<'r iirrixcd in '{'druuin in ( (cIoImt jS.'di
nnil the a.spcci ol' t.he inu.sical world of Toi<»nto was Hoon com-
j)lt't(ily charif^cd.

Mr. (jarter wa.s nofc loii^' in 'Icxcjopin;/ the fc^iihni ial^nf , I'or
in the i'()ll()win<^f year Ik; i^avc the first, orniorio jicrlorninnfc
(.\cr f^fivcn in l'ji|irr (lajmd;!. The firjitorio .mdcftfd W!i'< the
" M(',s,si;>,h," and wa.s ^dvcn on I. he I7t,li \>>cc\\i\,tr, l-S'i?.

T\[v work wa.H acconiplishcd in fAvi'Kc weeks, imd siu-h was
the t'.ntlmsiaHrn crcukMJ, that, the concert rootn wn> liliid to tin
doors.

Mr. (Jai'ter wa,sassis(,(Ml hy lierr ( «rie)pel, and ,^Ies•^rs. Noverre,
Maul, Schmidt, and Martin Ln/.are, nnion;^rst the; instrntnental
ists, and hy Mi.s.s Davis, Miss Keir)|) (fi.l'terward.s Mr-, rohhnii),
Miss li,o))in,son, Mrs. l*oett(!r, and Mr;. Scott. Anion;^ the
vocalists were Messrs. .la,cot) VVri;/ht,, Sui^ den, Harrf)Ti, C. (irasott,
lii'i.scoe, IJan/^^ .lanies l5a.Nte,i\ a.nd I''. Hoche.

".ludas Alaccaheus " was po'lornied in l.S.'jH, iinder the direc-
tion of KeN'. Mr, ()nions, who started an ()|ij)Osition schenie
whidi divided ninsical socicfty into two parti's, knowii n- the
()nionit(!M and the Cartcritcs. 1'he j'eiid, liowever, was of ratli •!•
an aniicalih) nature.

'I'lie llcv. Mr. Onirtns Viad Mr. Novorre as leader of tlie hand,
and Mr. (i. V. (;iraliaiii as organist. His vocalists were Mr. and
Mrs. Ilickok, Mr. Lindsay, Mrs. ])urdevi, ('. J. Martin, Mr
lluniphn^ys, Mr. .John liaxtei-, the Misses Iloidnson, .Mfidaine
Wookey, Mrs. Hastin^^.s, Miss Searle, Mrs. Knierson, and Messrs.
Hriscoo, Su}.,fdon, and V^ial. The hand ;*nd chorus v/er(' adver-
tised as numbering' two liundrod.

At one of tlie oratorios, the write)' and hi.- part}- sat neai a
f/ontlenian of the K^^al firofossion, recentl}' out from Ijondon,
who criticised tlie performance of (sach vocalist, arid duriiif,' tlio
performance of one ten(»r sin^'ei', not appreciatinf^^ his efio'tw,
lie made liimscdf consj)icuous l)y shru^'^/int,' his shoulders and
Bcrewin*,' up Ids countenance at the same time exclaindji;:
loudly enou'fh to he heard, " <)h, Sims |{ee\'(!s!"

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208

Toronto "Called Back."

Having lately heard that celebrated tenor, in Exeter Hall, we
could partly sympathize with his feelings, but not so far as to
lose the enjoyment of the Toronto performance, which was
highly creditable to all concerned.

The rivalry resulted in each party giving the "Creation." In
18G1 Mr. Carter formed the " Toronto Musical Union," and Mr.
Onions the " Metropolitan Choral Society," under the direction
of Mr. Martin Lazare, a most able musician. Some of the per-
formances of this gentleman on the piano were truly mar-
vellous, especially "medleys " and " fantasia" with one hand.

In 1863-4 Mr. Carter, as director of the Musical Union, in
connection with the Mechanics' Institute, in the Music Hall
over the present Free Library, gave occasional concerts ; and
among the works produced were the " Messiah," " Judas Mac-
cabeus," the " Creation," the " Lay of the Bell," the " Stabat
Mater," and the operas " II Trovatore," and " Martha."

In 1872 Mr. Robert Marshall, in connection with Mr. Alex.
Mills, undertook to reorganize the Philharmonic Society, and
succeeded in inducing a sufficient number of instrumentalists
and vocalists to combine for this purpose.

Dr. McCaul was appointed President; the veteran Dr. Clarke,
Conductor; Mr. Robert Marshall, Vice-President ; and Mr. John
Hague, Secretary.

The tirst concert of this new society was given in October,
1872, when the " Messiah " was given in Shaftesbury Hall. The
chorus consisted of twenty-eight sopranos, twenty-six altos,
forty-eight tenors, fifty basses, and eight principals — in all one
hundred and tifty.

The orchestra, under the direction of Mr. Marshall, consisted
of twelve violins, three violas, three basses, two double basses,
two flutes, two clarionets, one bassoon, one horn, two trumpets,
and two drums — total thirty.

The solo vocalists were Messrs. J. G. Sheriff, Marriott, Martin,
and Pearson, and Mrs. Grassick, Mrs. Cuthbert, Miss Hillary,
Miss Clarke, and Miss Thomas.

The pianist was Mr. H. G. Collins. This was the last occa-
sion on which Dr. Clarke conducted at an oratorio.

: Hall, we
I far as to
rhich was

ition." In
" and Mr.

direction
[ the per-
•uly mar-
e hand.
Union, in
usic Hall
erts ; and
das Mac-

" Stabat

Mr. Alex,
jiety, and
Qentalists

r. Clarke,
Mr. John

October,
all. The
ix altos,
1 all one

onsisted
basses,
rumpets.

Martin,
Hillary,

:if

st occa-

; I'h

F. II. TORRINGTON, ESQ.

Toronto from 1SS7 to 1892.

209

Mr. Marshall wielded the baton until the arrival of Mr.
Torrington in 1873. This event marked a new epoch in the
musical history of Toronto.

F. H. TORRIXGTON.

Mr. Torrington first saw the light in October, 1837, the place
of his birth being Dudley, Worcestershire, England. He com-
menced playing the violin when seven years of age, and evinc-
ing marked ability was placed by his parents under the care
of competent musical instructors at Birmingham, who taught
him the piano, violin, organ, and harmony. He afterwards
received his musical training as Cathedral organist, choir-
master, pianist, etc., under James Fitzgerald, of Kidderminster
(pupil of Dr. Gorge, Bristol), under whom he was articled for
four years. As violinist he was a pupil of Geo. Hayward,
Birmingham. In 1853, he became orgaiiist and choirmaster
of St. Ann's Church, Bewdley. In ISo-i, Mr. Torrington was
elected a member of the London Society of Sciences, Literature
and Arts, for which he has a diploma. After a successful career
in England he came to Canada, and was engaged in Montreal
as organist of Great St. James' Street Methodist Church, a post
he held for twelve years. During this period he developed his
musical talent, and worked hard to cultivate public taste for
the best class of music. For a considerable portion .f this time
Mr. Torrington was bandmaster of the 2.5th Regiment, and as
founder and director of various vocal and instrumental societies,
his services as solo organist and violinist were in constant
demand. During a visit to Boston, to take part in the first
great Peace Jubilee, Mr. Torrington was asked by Mr. Gilmore
to take up his residence there, and a short time afterwards was
offered and accepted the position of organist and musical
director at King's Chapel, which position he left for the one
he now holds at the Metropolitan Church, Toronto. During
the period of his residence in Toronto his work speaks for
itself, as, in addition to the palpable improvement in church
and choir music which he has effected, he has produced with
large chorus and orchestra, through the medium of the Toronto

llt<

ToHONTo IliMV ISS7 'III l«:i!^

]'llilllMrm()tlic SncictA'. I lie Inllnwitl" \vni

if IJm' ' it'fdt MM.4tr"r:

iiiiiiiy of llicm Ih'huI fur flic first film in (iHiimlii, nrni Hdiiic
for fln< fii'sf. f.iiiK" on fliisi siilc of tlic Atlnnf.if':

Mrssinli, I'ilijnli. ( 'ri-ntidii, \,ti\ nf f,tic |;i.||, |''i iildlm. St, I'iml,
SUliivf. Maicr, Mm\' Uiicrii, llvnui <il' I'ruisc, \\ nlimrfriH Nitrlit.
Mnaiiimi, l''n,ir Mllcn Muicli mimI ( 'Iimiih ('I'nniiluuisrr), Marcli
Oortoj^rn (Itcinc (l(> Sjili(i), Miifcli ninl ('linriis (l/iff of iln' ( zmc)
MJHcn'ri' Scnif {Tnnatorc), Mors ct, Vifji, \hvi\.i'\ in l'.L'>)»t'
S)>riii<^''H McssHLrr, r.ridc of I>iiril<('iTon. l{.(iHf' of Slinron, .liiilas
Miu'caltiMiM, ( !y|iMy l,ifi', TIh' IjJisf, .Iiiilj^iiicnf., Acis ami (JiilMtcn
ri-('cioMji, H»'(|('iii|tf ion, liosc Mai'lcn, ( JnisatlfT ;

'riiat- Mr. 'I'orrin^tfiti's f)nin', mo f:)\oi'oii;4lily rHfiiJili-.lic'l in
AJiicrica, liatl rcacluMJ liack (,o l'lind|it' was nlumdatit.ly sliown
(lnrinir liis recent, visit, to liis fiati\f Inml, Dnriri'' Mr. 'rorriii''-
Um'H visit to iMHdjir lie atteiidcd t.ln' i'myrentli fcHtival, and at
I;<'ij)sic he wa.s lionpitaMy <'nf,('rtM,iiird ]>y .ladasHfjlin and Martiti
Krnuse. While in liunddn he was invitf^d \>y I)r. Mackenzie
to attend tlie H.oyal Academy of Minic at St. .latiies' Mall. H<
was also invit<Hl to attend a nieetini^f of .Mome of flie iiio.st onii
jient ]*a>»^liH}i rnuHij'ians at th(! (Iolle<^n' of Or^'anists.

In concluding' thi.s HUetch we may .say that Mr. 'I'orrin'^ton'.'^
entire c/ireer has hccn a lonj.r record of iirdirok(!n success, as
noteworthy as it is deserving.

At present Mr. Torririj^fton o(;cu})ies the followiriL; ini|ioit,)irit
jxisitions: Organist of Metiojiolitan Church ; Conductor of Phil-
harmonic Society; I )irector Toronto ColleL'; of Music; Pn^si-
dent Colle^t^ of OrjL^'finists ; I'l-e.sident Society of Musicians.

1 1

TOUON'nt (ni,LK(;h oi- .misic

In Septeniher, IS-SS, the Toronto Colle,f,'e of Music, \vit.h Mr
Torrin^ton as musical director, and a hu;;e staff of teachers
selected from the most prominent professional musician.s,
opened its door.s to the j)uhlic. Instantaneous success attended
the opening, and very soon hundreds of pupils were enrolled.
In order to place the institution on a permanent hasis, an as.so-
ciation (rf gentlemen of great prominence was formed into a

Irr

tin

Hi?

: I

\..

212

TouoNTo "Cai.lkd 1>A(;k."

joint stock company, liavin<j, in co-oporation witli Mr. Torritij^-
t'.^n, as its board of directors, (Jt^orj^o (Joodorham, .1. K. Kerr.
Q.O., Prof. .lainos Loudon, M.A., William Macdonaid, MA,
T. 0. HIackstock and It. Torrinirton.

The Toronto ('oll('<r(» of Music l»('in«j: now an assured succfss
for all time, it was atliiiated with the University of Toronto,
tho most celobratod seat of learning' in the Dominion, and

TO!U>NTO eOLLKtiK OF MUSIC.

possessing powers of granting degrees in music (Mus. Bac. and
Mus. Doc). This step placed the college in the most complete
point of organization possible.

Bj' virtue of the strength of its faculty, the possession of a
building with music halls, organ and all other necessary appli-
ances, ample capital, a vigorous and influential board of
directors, a large orchestra (sixty members), and facilities for
^securing the highest degrees in music, the Toronto College of

(MM

;||

ToUoNTo FlUtM l.S,S7 TO 1H02.

21 »

Munic .stands out a Icadin;^' I'actor of musical education in.
Canada, and may \>t\ ranked vvitli tlio most important institu-
tions of n similar kind in the I'nitod States and Kuropo.

Mr. Torrin^ton made an (ixtonded tour thrrni^li lMiro[)e in
tlie interests of the; Toronto C/oIle^e of Music, visitin;^ the
lioipsic (Jonservntor}' and (Jevvardiaus ; th(! Hoch (Joachim)
Seliool of Music, I5erlin; the Waj^'uer Festival at iJayreuth ; the
Ko3'al Academy of Music, Ijondon ; the Royal (jollej^e of Music,
London; l)ein^' most cordially received hy J)i-. Staint.r, ()xfor<l
University ; Dr. Mackenzie, Koyal Acadfimy ; Dr. l>r}'d<^e,
Westminster Ahlxiy, and Dr. Turpin, (Jc^lle^^'e of Orffardsts.

It was v(!ry satisfactory to find that the stronijest featurt^s
of these various scIhjoIs of music are incorporated in the scheme
adopted as the basis of the work of the Toronto College of
Music.

lit

.{%.

.IK.NNY I.I Nit.

The arrival of Jenny Lind, tin; "Swedish Ni^ditini^ale," ir^
America, in 1868, created such a sensation as was never known
in the musical worhl. The sale of tickets for lier first concert
in New York was a f^reat event. The first choice of a seat
being set up for competition, was ])urchased Ijy Genin, t-he
Broadway hatter, for five hundred dollars.

On lier first appearanoe she carried all hearts by storm, not
for her great Iteauty, eithci- of face or figure, but the irresistible
charm of her simple and natural manner. Once heard, Jenny
Lind could never be forgotten. Nor was her wonderful ffift as
a songstress the only cause of the royal ovations she received
wliercver she made her appearance. Everywhere she was
fairly worshipped for her goodness and })enevolence.

Although she had hundreds of letters every day asking her for
help from all sorts of applicants, no worthy cause was overlooked.
Her purse was always open to afford relief, and no request to
give her services towards any charitable object was denied.

The foundation of the Protestant Orphans' Home in this city
is due to her kind-hearted benevolence. In New Vork, espe-
cially, the Jenny Lind mania became so .strong that fabulous

:■

'II

1;^

mI'' &

. i

J. *

ih'

m?.

I mm

214

ToiioxTO •' Called Back."

prices were paid for anything- that might be preserved as a
memento of her visit.

It was said that chambermaids at the hotel sold the combines,
and even stray hairs from her hair-brushes, at large prices, and
so of every article of which she had made use at the table.

Jenny Lind was the first and greatest star artiste Toronto
has ever seen. Her one concert was given in the St. Lawrence
Hall, in the fall of Ls.33.

Before the time announced, on the sale of tickets at Nord-
heimer's, the window shutters were put up, and the door
strongly barricaded to keep back the crowd and allow appli-
cants to enter in batches. So great was the scramble that
coats were literally torn off men's backs ; and to the great
amusement of the crowd, one gentleman, determined to secure
his prize, hoisted a small boy over the heads of the people, and
in this way the boy procured a ticket. The price of admission
was ten shillings, or two dollars.

Those who were present at the concert will remember her
rendering of the simplest and most familiar songs. " Comin'
through the rye,"' and " John Anderson, my Jo," were given,
although with a slightly foreign accent, with great beauty and
simplicity of expression ; but while the air was so familiar, the
variations, from the lowest to the highest range of the voice,
were such as were never heard in Toronto, and were perfectly
indescribable ; and so of all the other numbers on the pro-

gram me.

The following star artists have appeared in Toronto, chiefly
through the intlueuce of Messrs. A. ic S. Nordheimer : —

Piccolomini, Mario, Santley, Carlotta Patti, Rudersdorff,
Parepa Rosa, Catharine Hayes, Car}-, Lucca, Canissa, Madame
Anna Bishop, Di Murska, Kellogg, Thalberg, Rubinstein, Vieux-
temps (the king of violinists), Arabella Goddard, Wieniawski,
Sauret, H. C. Cooper, Lichtenberg, Theresa Liebe, Alfred Jaell,
Camilla Urso, Prinne, Listerman, Remenyi, Joseffy, Teresa
Carreno, Brignoli, Nillson, Lehmann, Musin, Rummell, Wilhelmj,
Fabre, Leopold D'Meyer, Paul Julien, Brega, D'Albert, Sarasate,
Adelina Patti, Albani, Freidhem, and Paderewski.

Toronto fkum 1^5.^7 to 1S02.

215

Among the clul>s, the Mendels.sohn and Beethoven Quintette,
the Damio.sch and Thomas Orchestras, and Gilmore's Band,
have appeared from time to time in Toronto.

MRS. JOHN BEVERLEY ROBINSON AND MRS. J. O. BEARD.

Any account of the progress of vocal music in Toronto would
be incomplete without the name of the late Mrs. John Beverley
Robinson, wife of the ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.

This gifted and accomplished lady, po.ssessing a tine appear-
ance and exquisite voice, was ever ready to respond to the call
of the citizens on every occasion, on behalf of any charitable or
benevolent enterprise, and her singing always elicited the most
hearty applause. The amounts raised by Mrs. Robinson's
services for these noble ol»jects were very large, amounting to
many thousands of dollars ; one excellent institution here, " The
Home for Incurables," haviuLT, in 1674, received the sum of
.^2,000, the result of one of her charitable concerts. Only a
comparatively small number of citizens know how nmch they
are indebted to this hitly for the existence of some of the insti-
tutions of our city.

Mrs. J. G. Beard also contributed largely to the same objects,
especially the Girls' Home. Her services as leading soprano in
the choir of St. James' Cathedral, as well a.s at all such concerts
as have been alluded to, are well known to many in Toronto.

As amateurs these ladies have never been surpassed, and, even
by the crreat artists who have visited the city, seldom excelled.

THE MUSICAL FESTIVAL.

To Mr. Torrington is due the conception of establishing a
series of musical festivals in Toronto, after the model of those
given in England and the Unitetl States, and the first of these,
which took place on the loth, IGth antl I7th of June, 1886,
will be memorable in the musical history of Toronto. The
tirst concert consisted of the opening chorus of God Save the
Queen, followed by Gounod's sacred trilogy, " Mors et Vita; "
the second was a miscellaneous concert; the third was Handel's

216

Toronto "Called Back."

sublime oratorio of " Israel in Egypt," and the fourth the
Children's Jubilee and miscellaneous concert, in which 1,200
children took part.

The solo performers were as follows : Soprano, Fraulein Lilli
Lehmann, Mrs. E. Aline Osgood, Mrs. Gertrude Luther ; con-
tralto. Miss Agnes Huntington ; tenor, Mr. Albert L. King ;
baritone, Mr. Max Heinrich ; bass, Mr. D. M. Babcock ; organ,
Mr. Frederic Archer ; piano, Mr. Otto Bendix ; harp, Mme.
Josephine Chatterton ; violin, Herr Henri Jacobsen.

The festival chorus comprised 1,000 voices, and the orchestra
100 performers. Mr. F. H. Torrington was the musical director.

Whatever Mr. Torrington's ambition may be in the future,
unless some grander compositions appear than Gounod's " Mors
et Vita," and Handel's " Israel in Egypt," he can expect no
greater success than he has already achieved in the perform-
ance of these great works.

The interpretation of the conception of these great composers^
and the thorough execution of their great works, is only second
to the compositions themselves, and in the Toronto festival, the
masterly manner in which, in every part of light and sliade,
whether of vocalization or instrumentation, Mr. Torrington ren-
dered every word and note in the programme, has placed him
in the front rank of musicians.

To sum up in one word, the whole festival was perfect in all
its parts, and the delighted audiences who had the opportunity
of listening will look forward to a repetition of the musical
feast with confident anticipation.

The best building the city afibrded, having been utilized,
proved to be most adequate to the occasion. While it would be
most desirable that a music hall could.be built to accommodate
double the number which attentled the festival concerts, yet,
as there is a limit to the powers of the human voice and ear,
the whole advantage was on the side of the building used for
these concerts, and of both performers and listeners who were
present. It is well known that at the Crystal Palace and other
large places, no matter what the number of the performers may
be, the outside rim of the 20,000 people who attend do not

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

217

enjoy the music, from the fact that it is impossible to hear at
such a distance,

Toronto could afford to have a hall sufficient to accommodate
six thousand people, and at prices within the reach of all ; and
chorus and orchestra might then be increased in a correspond-
ing degree, without loss of the general etiect so delightful on
the late occasion.

The officers of the Musical Festival Association, who so ably
carried out the arrangements, were as fodows : Geo. Gooderham,
Honorary President; S. Nordheimer, President; J. B. Boiistead,
J. Herbert Mason, P. Jacobi, Vice-Presidents ; James McGec,
Treasurer ; Jas. C. McGee, Assistant Treasurer ; John Earls,
Honorary Secretary ; Edmond L. Roberts, Secretary ; A. L.
Ebbels, Recording Secretary ; Charles Reiddy, Librarian.

The festival was successful financially as well as artistically,
and reflects the highest credit on all concerned.

The musical festival orchestra comprised twenty first violins,
fourteen second violins, ten violas, ten cellos, ten double basses,
two flutes, one piccolo, two clarionets, two oboes, two bassoons,
four horns, six cornets, three trombones, two tubas, kettle
drums, big drums, side-drums, cymbals, triangle and gong.

At the Children's Jubilee a most interesting programme was
successfully carried out, several of the celel >rated soloists taking
part. ^ The children, however, were the chief attraction. When
their youthful voices, with pleasing freshness and simplicity,
struck the chorus " Hark to the Rolling Drum," the vast assem-
blage listened with marked attention, and many a father and
mother looked with pride upon their children, whose appear-
ance and behavior reflected much credit on the city.

Mr. Torrington, taking the place of Mr. Schuch, next con-
ducted them in singing the national song of his own composition,
entitled " Canada," the first verse of which runs : —

O Canada, fair Canada !

Name ever dear to nio ;
A home for all who leave the shores
Heyond the brij^ht, blue sea.
We love our land, though young it be,

:,•

i; !

218 Toronto "Called Back."

Its sunshine and its st<5rm3,

Its faces fair, and lieatts sir core,

Afiections strong and w.arm.

We love our land,

We love our flag,

Beyond all others seen ;
God prosper our Dominion fair,
Our country and our Queen.

At a particular part in the closing verse each child suddenly
produced a small Union Jack and waved it in the air. The
beautiful sight of 1,200 flags, together with the patriotic senti-
raeut and excellent singing of the ."song, created the greatest
enthusiasm, and the last verse had to be repeated.

It was a pretty sight to see 2,400 little hands waving in the
air in the action songs, led by Mrs. J. L. Hughes, in illustration
of the words beino- sunij at the same time. At the close of the
concert the entire chorus joined in God Save the Queen.

Toronto a Literary City.

Were Toronto to be judged by the number of people who
read the party political articles in the daily papers, it would
rank high in the sctile of literature, and if the demand for
works of fiction were a proof of literary taste, then our Public
Library and its branches would bear testimony that the
citizens of Toronto were a truly intellectual people ; but while
these tests may be applied to indicate the taste of the majority,
and would certainly show the tendency to be in the line of both
of these habits, it is i pleasing fact that a large number culti-
vate a taste for literature for its own sake, and for the
improvement of their minds.

The number of non-political newspapers, and of those repre-
senting the various religious denominations, is as great as in
any other city of its population. The number of book stores
and publishing houses, together with the large amount of books
imported throughout the year, is a good indication of the extent
of the private libraries which exist in the city and of the num-
ber of their readers.

The Mail Building, King St. West, Toronto

J H

^^'M

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f '

]

1 !

1 1 '

H i 1

H'iii

. if

'Ijlll

The Globe Building, Yonge St., Toronto

Toronto froai 1887 to 1892.

219

It cannot be said that, in proportion to the population,
there is a greater taste for literature than in previous years.
Although there was no literary institution of a popular char-
acter, except the Mechanics' Institute, that was always well
patronized, and the average intellii,'ence of the people of Toronto
was quite equal to what it is at the present time, at least in
book literature. While efforts were made to encourage a taste
for reading generally, especial attention was given by the man-
agers of the Mechanics' Institute to impart technical knowledge.
Nor was the cultivation of the faculties for appreciating the
beautiful in art, thought and feeling, as well as for enjoying
the truths of physical science, neglected.

That elegant and reHective literature which tends to
moralize, to soften ami adorn the life and soul of man, and the
belles lettres, which operate for the advancement of the mental
condition of the middle and humbler classes of society, might
now as well as then hold a higher place in public estima-
tion, and with advantage be more generally called into
practical requisition. The Canadian Institute, which now ranks
so high as a literary and scientific institution, did not come into
existence till 1849, since which time it has done much in the
higher sphere of literature, and takes the highest rank amongst
Canadian literary societies.

Amongst the literati of Toronto may be named Sir Daniel
Wilson, Drs. Scadding, Loudon, Hodgins, and Withrow. and
Professor Goldwin Smith. The Week newspaper holds a place
between the ordinary newspaper and the magazine ; the latter
being represented by only one. The Methodist Magazine, which
is alike creditable to the publishers, the contributors, to Toronto
and the Dominion.

It is an interesting question, whether the taste for solid read-
ing is more cultivated amongst the young men of 1892 than
tl jse of 184)7 and whether their general intelligence is greater.
The number of amusements and attractions of various kinds
which Toronto now affords may have a tendency to reduce the
hours spent in study, and thereby prevent the acquisition of
knowledge which, in the absence of these surroundings, made

■I

220

Toronto "Called Back."

'If'J'

the old Mechanics' Institute itself the leading attraction for
younc^ men.

It cannot be denied that the newspaper is the great educator
of the nineteenth century, and that no literary power can com-
pare with it.

Rev. Dr. Talmage says : " The newspaper is the " flying roll "
of the Apocalypse. It It. book, pulpit and platform, all in one.
And there is not an interest, religious, literary, commercial,
scientifical, agricultural or mechanical, that is not within its
grasp. All our churches, schools, colleges, asylums, and
art galleries feel the quaking of the printing press. The vast
majority of citizens do not read books.

" How many treatises on constitutional law, or political
economy, or works of science are read ? How many elaborate
poems or books of travels ? How much of Boyle or De
Tocqueville, Xenophon, Herodotus, or Percevil ? Whence,
then, this intelligence and the capacity to talk about themes,
secular and religious — the ac([uaintance with science and art
— the power to appreciate the beautiful and the grand ?

" Next to the Bible, the newspaper — swift-winged, and every-
where present. Hying over fences, shoved under the door, tossed
into counting-houses, laid on the work bench, read by all —
white and black, German, Irishman, Spaniard, American, old
and young, good and bad, sick and well, before breakfast and
after tea, Monday morning, Saturday night, Sunday and week-
day. The man who neither reads nor takes a newspaper is a
curiosity."

The "Globe."

The Globe is the organ of the present Opposition, and is con-
ducted with great literary ability and business enterprise. It
contains its own history of half a century.

From 1847 to the time of his death, the writer had a good
opportunity of observing the career of the late Hon. George
Brown. While the principle of de mortuis, nil nisi bonuriiw&s
not adhered to in his paper, it is only just to say of himself,
when he is gone, that, apart from politics, he was a man highly

,ction for

educator
can coui-

ying roll "
ill in one.
mmercial,
Arithin its
iiras, and
The vast

: political
■ elaborate
rle or De
Whence,
lit themes,
le and art
id?

and every-
oor, tossed
i by all—
erican, old
dcfast and
and week-
spaper is a

and is eon-
rprise. It

ad a good
;on. George
bonum was
oi himself,
an highly

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

223

respected for every generou>j and noble quality. He was genial
and pleasant in manner, honorable in his dealinj^s, kind and
benevolent in disposition.

In the days when business men were thrown together in the
Montreal steamers for a couple of days at a time, the writer has
spent pleasant hours in his company, in conversation and chess
playing, a game in which he excelled.

The glory of his career culminated in his coalescence with
Hon. John A. Macdonald and the other gentlemen who founded
the Confederacy, and the painting now opposite the main en-
trance to the Parliament Buildings, in commemoration of the
great event, and in which the Hon. George Brown is one of the
most prominent figures, will perpetuate his name even more than
the monument to his memory in the Queen's Park in Toronto.

The extension of Victoria Street into King necessitated the
removal to the corner of Yonge and Melu. la Streets. The
present building is splendidly appointed and fitted up with all
modern improvements as to heating and lighting, with elevators
and every convenience for business.

' ' I

The "Christian Guardian" and Methodist Book
and Publishing House.

The Christian Guardian, the chief paper of the Methodist
Church in Canada for many years, and now the sole organ of
United Methodism in Ontario, Quebec, the Northwest, and
British Columbia, was .started in the fall of 1829. Its first
editor was the late Dr. Egerton Ryerson. In 1879 the present
editor. Dr. Dewart, issued a jubilee number, for which Dr.
Ryerson wrote an article, giving an account of the origin of the
paper. He took the long and toilful journey to New York to
obtain printing material, spending six days and nights betw^een
Lewiston and New York. The first number of the paper was
published on November 22nd, 1829.

During theso early years the Guardian did valiant battle
for equal religious rights and privileges. Dr. Ryerson was editor
for nearly nine years with .some breaks, which were filled by
Revs. James Richardson, Franklin Metcalf, and Ephraim Evans.

I i.

T"^T'

224

Toronto " Called Back."

In the earlier years of the Guardian, before the establishment
of the political papers that have since become famous, it was a
leading or<,'an of public opinion in a greater degree than since it
has become a diore strictly religious paper. During its whole
course it has vigorously contended for all moral and social
reforms, as well as defended the doctrines and usafjes of
Methodism. Of the editors which succeeded those already
named the Rev. Jonathan Scott was in office four years ; the
Rev. Geo. F. Playter, two years ; the Rev. G. R. Sanderson, five
years ; the Rev. James Spencer, nine years ; the Rev. Dr. Jeffers,
nine years ; the Rev. Dr. Dewart, at the present date (1892),
has been in office twenty-three years.

The Methodist Book Room was begun at the same time as
the publication of the Guardian. The publication office was
on " March Street, north of the new court-house." It now
occupies the site and part of tlie building of Old Richmond
Street Methodist Church, 29 to )38 Richmond Street West, and
also 80 to o6 Temperance Street, forming a splendid establish-
ment known as Wesley Buildings. At first it was a small book-
store doing a limited business. But it has steadily grown, till
it has become an extensive publishing-house. It probably
publishes a larger number of books and other publications than
any other house in Canada. It gives employment to over one
hundred and fifty hands ; and does a great deal to supply
both Methodists and others with wholesome religious literature.
The present Book Steward, Rev. William Briggs, D.D., has done
much to extend the business.

Free Library.

The good the Free Library is accomplishing in informing and
brightening the lives of large masses of people should make its
operations welcome. The growth of the Toronto Library,
owing to its efficient management, has been steady and onward,
and its future seems bright and assured. The increasing rate
of its book circulation is very marked, and the interest taken
by its promoters is manifested in a practical way by a hand-
some addition to the reference department in the shape of a

I '

blishment
, it was a
n since it
its whole
,nd social
isages of
3 already
ears ; the
irson, five
'r. Jeffers,
e (1892).

e time as

)ffice was

It now

lichmond

iVest, and

establish-

lall book-

rown, till

probably

ions than

over one

o supply

iterature.

has done

Mini{ and
make its
Library,

onward,
sing rate
st taken

a hand-
tape of a

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of
w
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in
ta
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ill
on

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we

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aiK

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in\

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

•227

donation of some 2,000 volumes, the valuable private collection
of Mr. John Hallam, of this city. It ma}' be hoped that other.>^
will follow his example, and multiply the resources and attrac-
tions of the Public Library until it become •; the pride of
Toronto.

The largest private library in the city is that of Professor
Goldwin Smith. The Ontario Parliament Library ranks first
in importance amongst those of a public character, and con-
tains 25,000 volumes. Next comes Osgoode Hall with 20,000
volumes, chietly on legal .subjects. The University Lilirary is
in every way worthy of that splendid in.stitution, and occupies
one of its handsomest rooms.

The Canadian Institute has 4,000 volumes ; Normal School,
5,000 ; Free Library, 38,000 ; Trinity College also pos.sesses a
large library which is steadily increa.sing. There are seventy-
two newspapers and periodicals publishe<l in Toronto. The six
daily papers are the Empire, Globe, Mail, TcUfirain, ^V(nid and
News. These are all published every morning, except the
Telegram and Neica, which continue, as they commenced. a>
evening papers. The three first publish evening editions, also
weeklies.

The Manning Arcade

is of the Italian Renaissance style, ornamented with polished
granite pillars, and sculptured emblematic figures, two being
caryatides supporting entai^latures on each side, and one male
figure in the centre representing Labor, which add much to the
beauty of the design.

To form a perfect arcade, it will be extended to the north,
and is an ornament to King Street.

Toronto as a Place of Residence.

If the city po.ssesses all the advantages to which reference
has been made, it will be admitted that no element in the con-
stitution of a great city is wanting. The capitalist who would
invest money to advantage can here find a promising field for

Ifflffi

228

Toronto "Called Back."

enterprise. There is also plenty of room for more manufactur-
ing industries.

The man of leisure, with fixed income, may find in Toronto a
delightful home, and live just as his means may allow, even to
the enjoyment of luxury. The mechanic and tradesman can,
by industry and economy, secure a comfortable home on easy
terms, and in Toronto every reasonable wish may be gratified,
and the new settler find a welcome to any class of society
which may be congenial to his taste.

!tl >!

■ I,

4 m

Summer Resorts.
queen's park.

Just west of the Osgoode Hall on Queen Street West will be
found a beautiful avenue of nearly a mile in length. Chestnut
and maple trees flank the carriage drive and pathway, which
in the vista open out upon the Queen's Park. Going north
the intersection of the Yonge Street Avenue is reached, and we
pass from the grateful shade of the long line of chestnuts into
the verduous sunlight of the open Park, one hundred acres in
all, including the University grounds, which have been fenced
off from the city property. The Park is a favorite resort dur-
ing the hot weather, and contains the University Buildings
and Library, School of Biolo^jy, School of Practical Science,
Victoria Methodist University, Observatory (Meteorological
Office), Wyclifi'e College, Volunteers' and Hon. George Brown's
monuments, and a score of beautiful villas ; it is also the site
selected for the erection of the New Provincial Parliament
Buildings, which are rapidly approaching completion.

EXHIBITION PARK.

These grounds, originally used exclusively by the Industrial
Exhibition Association, have for some time been thrown open
to the public all the year round, except for two weeks in Sep-
tember, during the Exhibition.

Under the superintendence of Mr. Chambers, the Commis-
sioner of Parks, these grounds have assumed a most beautiful

anufactur-

TORONTO FROM S87 TO 1892.

229

appearance, being laid out in the most artistic manner as land-
scape gardens, and having a profusion of shrubs and flower-
beds, which increase in beauty from season to season.

Further improvements are in progress this season — new
roads are being made, new sidewalks laid down, a number of
new flower-beds have been formed, and the whole of the
grounds will this year present a more beautiful and attractive
appearance than they have at any previous Exhibition.

I-OKNE I'AUK.

This favorite resort is beautifully situated on the north shore
of Lake (Jntario, fourteen miles from Toronto, and can be
reached in twenty-five minutes by rail, or forty-five minutes by
water. It commands a splendid view of the lake. It has
recently been laid out in cottage and camp lots, of which there
are two hundred, with main avenue of one hundred feet, and
streets of sixty-six feet, leaving fifty acres for recreation
grounds.

The grounds are lighted by electricity, a proper water
supply and system of drainage arranged for, and everything
has been done to make this the most pleasant summer resort in
Ontario.

No intoxicating liquor is allowed to be sold on the grounds,
or on the steamer plying to the park.

Street Traffic.

There is no city of the size of Toronto, in Great Britain or
America, which shows so extensive street traffic, as the writer
knows from personal observation. Having said this, the rest
of the world might be included. This arises chiefly from the
position Toronto occupies as the great distributing centre of
the Dominion. The receiving and shipping of imported and
manufactured goods, which are sent to every point from Hali-
fax to Vancouver — the representatives of Toronto housos now
regularly visiting the whole of this immense field — have created
this wonderful amount of business traffic on our streets, evi-

230

Toronto "Called Back."

n'l

dencing the solid and substantial progress the city has made in
a comparatively short time.

Had our Rip Van Winkle, instead of coming from Holland,
been acquainted with the topography of London, and in some
day during the week of the Industrial Exhibition " waked up "
from his long sleep, at the Dominion Bank (leaving out the
powdered wigs, plush breeches, silk stockings, and gold-headed
sticks of the footmen, and throwing in continuous lines of street
cars), he might naturally fancy himself at Oxford Circus, with
Oxford Street stretching away at one side, and the Kegent
Street Quadrant at the other ; or should a " block " cccur, as in
the case of some procession, <. -ght imagine he was standing
somewhere between the Bank of England, the Royal Exchange
and the Mansion House ; and as to the wholesale trade, if at
the corner of Scott and Front Streets, might imagine himself
in St. Paul's Churchyard, with a view from Ludgate Hill on the
west, to New Cannon Street on the east, where are to be seen
the finest specimens of warehouse architecture in London.

Returnino- to Yonge and King Streets, he would find carriages
of every style, private and public, including phaitons, broug-
hams, waggons, coupes, market carts, dog carts, rockaways,
pony carriages and hansoms in endless variety, also drays, lorries,
merchants', manufacturers' express and tradesmen's delivery
wagons, — all producing a scene of bustle and activity only to
be witnessed in a great and prosperous city, and showing a
marvellous contrast with the appearance of the streets in 1847.

Canadian Pacific Railway.

On the first of November a message was received by the
Governor-General at Ottawa from Her Majesty, congratulating
the Dominion Government on the accomplishment of the great
work ; and on the ninth of the same month. Sir John A. Mac-
donald received a telegram f] m Mr. Van Home, and the Pre-
mier of British Columbia, congratulating him on the completion
of the C.P.R. Mr. Sandford Fleming also telegraphed, stating
that the first through train ha<l accomplished the journey from

Toronto from 1SS7 to 1892.

231

las made in

Montreal to Vancouver in tive days, and that the trip would
shortly be accomplished in four days.

At a banquet given in Montreal to Sir George Stephens and
Hon. D. A. Smith, the former said in his speech : " When F ' •
John A. Macdonald stated in London that the termini of one
Canadian Pacific Railway were Liverpool and Hong Kong, he
was not indulging in a flight of eloquence. He was stating in
simple language a sober fact."

By the proposed line of steamers from Vancouver to the far
East, the crossing point of the Canadian Pacific Railway will be
reached. In 1861 it took from ten to twelve days for troops to
be conveyed from Halifax to Quebec. In 1870, during the Red
River rebellion, it took eleven weeks from Quebec to Red
River, and ninety-five days from Toronto to Winnipeg. Now
the whole distance can be traversed in six days. Troops and
stores can reach the Pacific coast from Liverpool in thirteen or
fourteen days.

In summer, from Montreal to Vr^ncouver can be done in four
and a-half days; in winter, Halifax to Vancouver in six days.
With steamers making fourteen to fifteen knots, the passage
from Vancouver to Yokohama car. be made in twelve days;
from England to Japan in twenty-six days ; from England to
Hong Kong and Shanghai in thirty-four days. From England
to Hong Kong, via Brindisi, takes forty to forty-four days, and
/•»(, Gibralter, forty-nine to fifty-three days; from England to
Calcutta, thirty-eight days ; and via Halifax, adding seven days
for Atlantic passage, the distance can be done in twenty-eight
days.

Lord Lome, in his article on the Canadian Pacific Railway,
says : " Had not the Americans derived ne'v life and hope
from the time that civilization was carried inward from the
coast, and the mere fringe of the New England colonies and the
Carolinas and j»Iew York had blossomed into a nation control-
ling the Mississippi, and master of all the regions which pour
their wealth through the great market place on the shore of
Michigan — the city of Chicago." And his lordship ask.s, " Why
should not Canada have its Chicago ? "

II mi

* »1

I i

23^

Toronto " Called Back."

Either his lordship had forf^otten to mention Toronto, or he
did not wish to show any partiality, as he must know that
Canada has her Chicago, and that can be no other than Toronto,
situated on Lake Ontario, in a position corresponding almost
exactly with Chicago on Lake jMichigan. Toronto is quite as
favorably situated as regards her water communication, and
muph nearer the seaboard, and as a centre of railways equally
well situated, and commanding a larger extent of country for
trade, which will be secured to Toronto as quickly as the great
North- West is settled. Even now her trade extends from ocean
to ocean, whereas Chicago has no trade whatever to the east-
ward, and is chiefly contined to the States of Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and has to compete with St.
Louis, Milwaukee and St. Paul ; and if her trade has developed
to such large proportions in half a century, what may Toronto
not expect, with her immense tield for enterprise, during the
same period ? Surely it must become even greater than the
trade of Chicago.

Cathedral of St. Alban the Martyr.

The corner-stone of this buiMini-- was laid on the 16th of
June, 1887, by the Right Reverend Arthur Sweatman, D.I).,
Bishop of Toronto. The Cathedral Chapter was incorporated
in 1888, and the Cathedral building was commenced in 1885.

The establishment of a Cathedral for the Diocese of Toronto
has been under consideration for many years, the object being
to have a Church and Episcopal residence altogether distinct
from ordinary parochial organizations, and forming a central
point in the diocese from which the Bishop, with the advice of
the Chapter, may exercise the functions of his office and his
oversiirht over the whole diocese. The Cathedral will be buil^,
in a central position as regards the city and suburbs, being a
little north of Bloor Street, between Albany and Howland
Avenues, and when completed will be an ornament to the city.
The work will be of red Credit Valley stone, in the early Eng-
lish style, and the design is in every way worthy of a Cathedral
of the Church of England. The architect is Mr. R. Windeyer.

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

233

A portion of the crypt was completed sufficiently for use for
services pending the erection of the building above it, and ser-
vices were held in it for some three or four years, until in 1891
the choir was completed. The building thus erected is about
ninety feet in length, and seventy feet in width, inclusive of
The choir is quite unequalled in Canada for

the choir aisles.

CATHEDRAL OF ST. ALBAN.

lieauty of design and architectural finish ; the open timber roof,
supported by successive arches, carried upon hammer beams
with spandrels filled with tracery, is exceptionally grand, and the
stone carving of the arcades dividing the choir proper from the
choir aisles, has been pronounced by competent judges as the
best work of the kind on this continent. The choir is floored
with terra-cotta tiles, manufactured at Milton by the Toronto
Pressed Brick and Terra-Cotta Company. The sanctuary is

.1,

■1

234.

Toronto "Called Back."

t '

( ii

approached by stone steps, and is floored with marble, the a! tar
steps being also of marble. The whole building is to be about
250 feet long, and 70 wide, with transepts of about 100 feet in
length. The design contemplates a splendid square tower at
the west end. This building, when completed, will undoubtedly
be one of the finest and most important public buildings in
Canada.

The Cathedral Chapter consists of the Bis! i op of Toronto,
Dean ; Rev. Canon Dumoulin, sub-Dean ; Rev. Chas. W. E.
Body, Chancellor; Rev. J. D. Cayley, Precentor; the Arch-
deacon of York, Venerable S. J. Boddy ; the Archdeacon of
Peterborough, Venerable T. W. Allen ; Rev. Henry Scadding,
D.D. ; R. Snelling, Q.C., Chancellor of the Diocese ; John A.
Worrell, Q.C., Registrar of the Diocese ; Robert H. Bethune,
Treasurer ; Hon. George W. Allan, His Honor Judge Benson
(Port Hope), Edward M. Chadwick, John Carter, John R. Cart-
wright, Q.C., Mt.jor Edward H. Foster, Columbus H. Greene,
Rev. Canons Henry Brent, Henry B. Osier, Francis Treniayne,
Alex. Sanson, John Fletcher, Wm. Logan, C. C. Johnson,
J. Middleton, Edward W. Murphy, R. E. W. Greene, Philip
Harding, Albert W. Spragge, John Farn combe and Wm. Reiner.
Honorary Canons : Revs. J. P. Sheraton and J. F. Sweeney.

The Cathedral stands in a block of about four acres, upon
part of which stands the see-house, the residence of the Bishop,
a plain brick building of no architectural pretensions. The
remainder of the block is intended for the future sites of such
other buildings as may be found requisite for carrying on the
Cathedral work in its fullest extent.

I in

Toronto Street Railway Company.

Those who are acquainted with Philadelphia know that with
its population of nearly three-quarters of a million, there are
no tenement houses of four to eight stories, in which a number
of families are crowded together, with the terrible risk from
fire. Covering more ground than New York, it affords space
on which every family can have a home, and this is almost

buildings in

)W that with
n, there are
ch a numliei'
e risk from
affords space
lis is ahiio.st

RIGHT REV. ARTHUR SWEATMAN, D.D.,
Bishop of Toronto.

If'

Toronto from 1S87 to 1892.

237

entirely due to the street car service atfordincr easv nccess to
the farthest limits of the city, and around Fairmount Park,
with its 3,000 acres, and to the manufacturing suburbs of
Germantown.

Applying this to Toronto, it must be admitted that the spread
and expansion of the city has been in proportion to the exten-
sion of the street car service, and the increase in the value of
property in the suburbs is due to the same cause. No city in
America can boast of a more efficient street car service than
that furnished by the Toronto Street Rr.ilw^ay Company, and
nothing but very large capital and enterprise could have brought
it to its present state of efficiency.

To interrupt this traffic would be to throw Toronto back to
the "jolting " times of a quarter of a century ago, and reduce
the value of property in all the distant portions of the city.
A company which has contributed so much to the health, com-
fort and convenience of the citizens, and to the enhancement
of the value of property in and around the city, as well as
giving employment to such a large nu.nber of men, must be
regarded as public benefactors, and are fully entitled to every
financial benefit that may accrue from their enterprise while
lawfully and justly carried on.

Commercial Union or Unrestricted Reciprocity.

Breathes there a man so void of grit,
Who loves his country scarce a whit,
Who, with the spirit of a clam,
Would kiss the toe of Uncle Sam,
And beg him take the tub in tow,
As we can never make it go ?
If such there breathe, I tell you what,
We might administer boycott;
Not cruel or too harsh, you know.
But just enough to make him go —
Not be at home if he should call,
Nor often notice him at all ;
Upon him let not beauty smile,
Nor chum his dismal hours beguile.
Nor neat domestic spread his couch,

I'll

■i''.1

233

Toronto " Called Back."

Much less consent to wed the slouch,
Or cook his grub or soothe his breast,
Or sew a button on his vest.
But let him wander, lost, about,
A woe-begono, unsavory lout,
Till he is happy to resign
And plod his way across the line.
Or, in his abjectness, go down
Without regret, without renown.

— liev. Joh)

Mini,

During the papt few years an attempt has been made to prove
the advantnges tliat would arise to the Dominion by closer cnm-
morcial relations with the United States, and, under the aViove
titles, to establish clubs for the purpose of agitating the ques-
tion. While no Canadian will deny the importance of a reci-
procal interchange of the natural productions of the soil, and
the advantajjes that accrued to both countries while the Keci-
procity Treaty was in existence, the question assumes quite
another shape when it is proposed to extend the principle to
manufactured goods, and even should this become a matter of
mutual and reciprocal arrangement, unrestricted reciprocity
would be not only injurious to Canadian interests and her self-
dependence, but ab:*olutely impracticable while the present
tariff's relating to British and foreign goods exist in Canada
and the United States.

This agitation, commenced by a few individuals, none of
whom have the confidence of the mass of either the commercial
or agricultural portion of the people of Canada, without any
intimation from the people of either country, has been carried
on for some time, and representations have been made at public
meetings, chiefly in country places, calculated to mislead those
who do not understand the impossibility of any such arrange-
ment as they propose without discriminating against Great
Britain, and striking at the very root of our manufacturing
industries at the same time, and also reducing our large whole-
sale trade to a level with that of the smaller American cities,
whose wholesale merchants are only in the position of jobbers
ior the large importing houses of New York and Boston, while

Toronto fho.m 1887 to l8!)-2.

•2:5!)

tlie tneiclumt princes of Montreal and Toronto stand on an
eijuality with the hir^est importers in any American city.

This Commercial Union movement is now j^enerally spoken
of as the " Wiman-Buttervvorth-Goldwin Smith fad," and the
resolutions in its favor, moved in the Parliament at Ottawa,
havinfj been discussed at such a lenirth as to have been
a waste of valuable tinie, botli in the Commons and Senate, and
liaving been rejected by an overwhelming vote, may be con-
si'lered as having received their "<juietus," While the few
gentlemen who have ke])t up the agitation have spoken of the
movement as "spontaneous," it is remarkable that nothing was
heard of it, either in the cities or the rural districts, until Mr.
Wiman, whose interests are chiefly in tlie United States, .sud-
denly introduced the matter, and up to that time the question
had never been discussed, and even now no proposition has
come from the people or the Government of the United States
to warrant the supposition that they would consent to such an
arrangement, and much less would any class of the people of
Canada, if properly informed on the subject, commit themselves
to a policy so suicidal to their interests, and so degrading to
their ambitious aims towards self-dependence and self-govern-
ment. Without anything to gain, Canada would have every-
thing to lose. The policy under which she has achieved such
marvellous success, and advanced by bounds in material pro-
gre.ss and development, would be swept away, and the benefits
handed over to a foreign power, while the national instinct
that binds Canada to Great Britain would be extinguished, and
her birthright to England's historic glory and renown bartered
for a " mess of pottage."

It is unaccountable that so distinguished a littevatewr as
Professor Goldwin Smith, who is so strong an advocate of
a United Empire, can be so inconsistent as to argue in favor
of Commercial Union, knowing, as he must, that it will tend
towards political union, and if entertained at all by the United
States, would be only as a step towards annexation.

If there is to be commercial union, it must be with Great
Biitain, where a market is open for all our products, and by
which our tariff will be left entirely in our own hands.

ill

'i
i

:.r

!'' r

p -

I m

240 Toronto "Called Back."

Arrival of the New Governor-General.

The Right Honorable Lord Stanley of Preston arrived in
Ottawa on the 10th June, 1888, having made a fine and pleasant
passage to Quebec.

His Lordship was accompanied bj' Lady Stanle}', his eldest
son, Lieut. Edward Stanley, of the Grenadier Guards, Captain
Jocelyn Bagot, Military Secretary, Lieut. McMahun, and Mr.
Victor Stanley, His Lordship's second son, and a midshipman in
Her Majesty's navy, and three younger children.

On the 11th Lord Stanley, with a military escort, proceeded
from Rideau Hall to the Parliament Buildinizs, and in the
presence of a distinguished assemblage was sworn in as Gov-
ernor-Gjneral of the Dominion, the oath being administered by
Sir William Ritchie. His Excellency then signed the oath of
allegiance, and also the proclamation by which he proclaimed
himself Governor-General.

"Nobility is a graceful ornament to the civil order. It is the Corinthian
capital of polished society, — Omnes boni nohilitati nemjKr favcmus." — Edmund
Burht.

The Right Honorable Frederick Arthur Stanley, Lord Stanley
of Preston, G.C.B., is a younger son of the fourteenth Eari of
Derby, by the Honorable Enmia, second daughter of the first
Baron Skelmersdale, and is the heir presutnptive to the Earldom
of Derby. He was born on January loth, 1841, and received
his education at Eton. In 1864 he married Lady Constance,
eldest daughter of the fourth Earl of Clarendon. In April,
1858, Lord Stanley entered the Grenadier Guards as ensign,
and in June, 18G2, he became lieutenant, captain and adjutant.
He retired in 18G5. He is now the colonel of the Lancashiro
Militia, a supernumerary A.D.C. to Her Majesty, and a J. P.
for Lancashire and Westmoreland. He v/as a Lord of the
Admiralty in 18G8, and Financial Secretary of War from 1874
to 1877, when he became Secretary of State for War. In 188')
he held the office of Secretary of State for the Colonics, and in
1886 was appointed Pre.sident of the Board of Trade, and was
raised to the peera;'^e with the title of Lord Stanley of Preston.

the Corinthian
lua." — Edmtiiid

as ensign,

Ills LXCF.LLKNCV SIR !• KKDKRKK AKTIU'R STAM.KV
lUKON STANLI'lV OK I'UKSTON, (I.C.li.

(lioVirnorOtniral of Vanadd-j

I :

i ■'

1 1

I : 'il:

I *'■'

•i

ill, I

242

Toronto "Called Back."

Imperial Federation.

When the first practical movement towards the formation of
an Imperial Federation League was made in Toronto there was
a suspicion that underneath was a covert attempt to strike at
the root of the National Policy, it being thought by some that
any movement towards federation wouid necessitate a uni-
formity in the tariffs of England and her colonies.

As the question became ventilated, and British statesmen
expressed their views on the subject, and with the noblest
sentiments of liberality, stated in the most unequivocal terms,
that the self-governing colonies would in no wise be expected
to deviate from the tariff arr.mgements best adapted to the
circumstances of each, and that the idea of Imperial Federation
did not involve the necessity of any such sacrifice being made,
it was found that no such idea was entertained. The imme-
diate result of this new light being thrown on the subject was
to attract persons of all political viuws, with the principles of
the integrity of the Empire, and the union of all the colonies
with Great Britain for mutual defence and general sup})ort, as
their sole bond of union.

On this assurance, many in Toronto who held aloof at once
entered heartily into the scheme, and, after a most enthusiastic
meeting in Association Hall, on the 24th March, LSSS, the
Toronto branch of the Imperial Federation League was formed.

It is not intended that the Imperial Federation League shall
formulate a definite policy in carrying out their principles, l»ut
to allow time and circumstances to develo[) the points on which
all the colonies can agree to maintain the integrity of the
Empire, and, at the same time, preserve their own autonomy.
As the British Constitution has been firmly established, through
the cumulative wisdom and sagacity of her great statesmen in
pr.st centuries, so will the ([Uestion of Imperial Federation,
from time to time, gradually, but surely, tend towards its grand
consuinraation. Whether it may take the form of representa-
tion in the Imperial Parliament, or in other ways, the silken
bond of union that now binds all British subjects throughout

Toronto from 1S87 to 1892.

213

the world to the mother-land, will undoubtedly be stroncjth-
ened, and whether for defence or support, for sympathy or
material progress, there never was a time in the history of the
British Empire when the same determination existed, wherever
the Union Jack floats all aiound the world, to preserve intact
the glorious institutions so dear to every British heart.

It is sincerely to be hoped that the increasing tendency to
closer union with the mother-land will have the efl'ect of dissi-
pating every feeling of estrangement, and that the day is not
far distant when every child born under the British flag,
whether in Toronto or Melbourne, Vancouver or Halifax, Ber-
muda or Jamaica, in every part of the vast British Empire,
will be considered as nmch a Briton and citizen of Great
Britain as if born within the sound of Bow Bells.

lit

Right Honorable Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B., P.O.

"St moimniciitaiii riquiri.'<, circitiiinpict." — On Sir Christopher W'reii, St.
Paul's Cathedral.

Although this distinguished statesman did not represent
Toronto as a parliamentary constituency, yet there is a sense in
which he represented not only this city, but every city and town
in this great Dominion. Wherever trade, commerce and manu-
factures flourish, and beyond the limits of the centres of p(jpu-
lation, where agriculture and all that appertains to the li;ip])i-
ness and prosperity of a contented people abound on every
hand, Sir John A. Macdonald has raised a monument of uiulv-
ing fame as the leader by whose consummate skill and far-
seeing and comprehensive judgment the Dominion of Canada
has attained to her proud position not only as an integral por-
tion of the British Empire, and the brightest Jewel in the British
Crown, but has come into prominence, before the civilized
world, and in proportion to her population, has outsti'pped all
rivalry. In no city from the Atlantic to the Pacitie, are the
results of the great scheme of Confederation and the National
Policy, with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway,
more apparent than in this rapidly growing and prosperous
centre.

3
il

■li i

> 1

f v *

THE LATE RIGHT HON. SH< JOHN A. MACDONALD,

I'.c, ecu.

(J^muu'. iif Ihi Ihnniniun of Vtimuhi.i

WS '

'~iijyX

i\ f

Toronto from 18S7 to 1892.

245

LD,

It is no flattery to say that in Toronto Sir Jolin A. Mac-
donald has enshrined himself in the hearts of all the loyal,
unprejudiced and influential citizens as a public benefactor.
Space will not admit of any enumeration of the benefits Torcjnto
luvs derived directly and indirectly iiom the policy inauguratt'd
bj- the present Government, which has become firmly estab-
lished as that which is most conducive to the interests not only
of the manufacturing classes, but by creatinf^ a home market,
extends its influence to the agricultural and laborini; classes as
well, all of which are enjoying a measure of |)rosperity not
surpassed in any country on the face of the globe. .

The visits of the Premier of Canada to Toronto were always
welcome, and while he continued to guide the aflairs of stJile
with the same judicious hand, he retained the unbouiidtd
confidence of all who have the interests of Toronto at lieart,
and who are willing to place these interests above all party
politics and desire to maintain the integrity of the gloiious
empire, which has, by conferring especial distinction on our
Canadian Premier, thereby honored the whole people of
Canatla.

From the time the writer, while yet a youth, arrived in this
country, and taking no interest in Canadian politics, but observ-
ing and listening to the parliamentary debates and wjitching
the careers of the greatest men in the country, from the days
of Papineau, Baldwin, D'Arcy Magee, and others, whose nanus
are already referred to in these pages, down to the ])rt's(nt,
he soon singled out John A. Macdonald as tiie patriot states-
man who was destined to raise his country above all party
strife, and by his tact, judgment and great ability, was alone
capable of fusing the conflicting" elements of religion and
nationality into one homogeneous confederacy, and this, with
the aid of his able cordjutors, he successfully accomplislu'd.

The opinion flrst formed has never changed. Whether in
opposition or power, overwhelmed with slander by his oppo-
nents or itlolized by his friends, the writer always maintaintil
that he, as the Disraeli of Canada, would raise her to the prouil
position she now occupies as a country enjoying the greatest

i i::

24G

ToiioNTO "Called Back."

possible freedom in connection with the greatest monarchy the
world has ever seen.

Like the immortal Beaconsfield, whom Sir John resembled in
more than one respect, he never condescended to reply to the
language of vituperation so often heaped upon him, and, beyond
the use of good-natured and witty repartee and the honhoriimle
of gentlemanly courtesy, allowed all the slander of his oppo-
nents to pass unheeded by.

One great characteristic of Sir John A. Macdonald was his
disinterestedness, which is essential to true patriotis^m. Lord
Bolingbroke has said, " Neither Montaigne in writing his essays,
nor Descartes in building new worlds, nor Burnet in framing
an antediluvian earth, no, nor Newton, in discovering and
establishing the true laws of nature on experiment, and a sub-
limer geometry, felt more intellectual joys than he feels who
is a real patriot, who bends all the force of his understanding
and directs all his thoughts and actions to the good of his
country. When such a man foniis a political scheme, and
adjusts various and seemingly independent parts in it to one
great and good design, he is transported by imagination or
absorbed in meditation as much and agreeably as they ; and
the sjitisfaction that arises from the different importance of
these objects in every step of the work is vastly in his favor.

" But he who speculates in order to act, goes on and carries
his scheme into execution. The execution, indeed, is often
traversed by unforseen and untoward circumstances, by the
perverst'uess or treachery of friends, and by the power or
malice of enemies.

" If the event is successful, such a man enjoys pleasure pro-
portionable to the good he has done — a pleasure like to that
which is attributed to the Supreme Being in a survey of His
Works." This pleasure was, perhaps, except the gratitude of his
country, Sir. John A. Macdonald's sole reward.

I .i>

New Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.

Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G., was sworn in as Lieu-
tenant-Governor on the 1st of June, 1887.

Ili!

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

247

Honorable Oliver Mowat, Q.C, LL.D., Attorney-
General and Premier of Ontario.

Rarely has it occurred that the leader of any Government
has held office for a period of twenty years without a hreak,
and yet so great has been the popularity of the Premier of the
Province of Ontario that such is his record, and it would seem
that his continuance in power depended entirely on his own will
in the matter.

Having been Provincial Secretary in 1858, he became Post-
master-General in 18G3 ; was a member of the Union ContVr-
ence for the Confederation of the British Provinces in 18(14,
and was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Upper Canada the same
year. He resigned this office in 1872, on being called upon to
form a new Administration in the government of Ontario, and
was sworn in as a member of the Executive Council and
Attorney-General.

His unswerving loyalty to British institutions, and his advo-
cacy of the integrity of the Empire, have marked his pul)lic
career, and been expressed on all public and official occasions,
especially during the late Jubilee celebrations and on his late
visit to Britain. His patronage of all religious and benevolent
enterprises has gained him the reputation of being emphatically
" The Christian politician." His manner is both courteous and
dignified. As a debater he is concise, argumentative, and
convincing. His language is well chosen, and, without anj^
special claim to oratory, he has the faculty of holding the
attention of his listeners, whether on the side of the Govern-
ment or in Opposition. The subjects of debate being more
provincial than national, and more local than general, limit, to
a certain extent, his scope for eloquence, and it may be safely
asserted that had he a wider field he would show himself equal
to every occasion as a statesman of great ability.

The name of Oliver Mowat will be identified with the history
of Toronto for all time to come, if only in connection with the
erection of

THE NEW PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS

commenced during his administration, and now rising in their

■■I

i i

■I \'

\i'

Toronto from lb87 to 1892.

249

nanrnificent proportions in the Queen's Park, and will, when
'jompleted, be a fitting Capitol to aecomnioJate the assenibleii
wisdom of the premier Province of this great Dominion.

The buildings are of great architectural beauty, of the style
known as the Neo-Greek. The outside walls have absorbed
200,000 cubic feet of cut stone, and there have been used irteen
millions of brick. The building is 512 feet long, ^y depth
of 270 feet, and 190 feet in height. The legislative chamber
will be 112 feet by 80 feet, with a ceiling 52 feet high.

To the Mowat Government is due the credit of having
decidec on Credit Valley stone — so near our doors — and also
having contracted for the whole building on terms combining
economy with grandeur and solidity. The cost will be about
SI, 250,000. The building is rapidly nearing completion.

ItT

i'l'''

Toronto in }^38.

Perhaps never in the history of the world did a new year
dawn on a young city more ausp* uously than 1888 has dawned
on our young and prospero -s city of Toronto. Her citizens
may appropriately say, "1 .e lines have fallen unto us in
plea.sant places, and we have a goodly heritage."

Beautiful for situation, the central point of attraction for
the whole Dominion, Toronto is also fast becoming a centre of
everything that constitutes a great city — manufactures, com-
merce, education, fine arts, all have a home here, and extend
their influence from ocean to ocean, while as a " city sot on a
hill," the name of Toronto has become the synonym of order,
morality, temperance and religion.

Benevolent and charitable institutions abound on every hand,
and are rapidly increasing, so that to-day there is no class of
Sick, poor, helpless or unfortunate unprovided for, and it may
literally be said there is " no complaining in our streets."
Allowing for the average changes in business, and a few fail-
ures, the position of Toronto to-day is one of prosperity, con-
tentment and enjoyment, while the prospects are of the most
hopeful and cheerful character.

' I

ll V

2:)0

Toronto "Called Back."

B\- the suppression, or total extinction of the liquor traffic,
everj^ source of misery and of crime would be abolished, and
many of those places at i)resent provided for the unfortunate
and criminal classes would cease to exist, making our fair city
a model for the world.

The Fleming By-law, by which over ninety saloons and
places for the sale of liquor have been closed, was a step in the
direction intimated, and although not followed up by a further
reduction the present year, there is no reason why the move-
ment towards total prohibition should not still advance towards
complete accomplishment. The establishment of a dipsomaniac
institution then contemplated has been realized by the insti-
tution of a Sanitarium in Deer Park for the same object.

Central Position of Toronto.

Having already claimed for Toronto its position as the Com-
mercial Centre of the Dominion, both as a distributing and
shipping point, the constantly increasing number of new pro-
jects, of railway extension and of mining experiments, add
additional weight and importance to her claims. The com-
pletion of a railway to James' Bay will shortly add another to
her connections with Europe by the shortest of all routes, and
what with being already the centre of literature, manufactures,
trade, science, and education; the central point where tourists
may choose their destination either cast, west, north, or south,
and visit all the grandest scenery on the American continent in
the most convenient and inexpensive manner, where the disci-
ples of Ximrod and Izaak Walton may indulge their passion or
love of adventure with certain success amongst the thousands
of islands and lakes, all within easy distance, Toronto can " hold
her own " against all competitors. And to sum up, it is not too
much to say, that not only does she occupy the centre of the
Dominion of Canada, but the centre of the Empire on the
Western Hemisphere, as truly as London does in the Eastern,
as her contiguity to India, Australia, the West Indies, and all
other British possessions, fully shows.

Toronto from KS87 to 1802. 251

Winter of 1887-88 in Toronto

Will be remembered as perhaps the most delightful and enjoy-
able in the memory of the oldest inhabitant.

If anything were necessary to be added to what has already
been said in favor of the climate of Toronto, the experience ol"
the past winter would be suthcient to prove its salubrity and
healthfulness.

There has been suthcient snow to make excellent sleisfhinfi
for several months, and frost to afford the lovers of winter
amusements every facility for skating and tobogganing, wiohout
a single day of what may be called extremely cold weather.

In this respect Toronto seems to be especially favored, and
without anything like depreciation of the position of our neigh-
bors across the line, may be allowed to congratulate herself on
being free from the extremes which have been reported from
many States of the Union.

From one of their own papers, published in Cincinnati, we
give a rather humorous poem, after the style of Longfellow,
which aptly describes the weather there the late winter, while
it may be stated as a fact, that in one week, one hundred and
fifty persons perished from cold under the most terrible circum-
stances, in the Dakota territory alone ; children having been
frozen to death on their way home from school, and men and
women attending to their ordinary duties within reach of their
own homes, so terribly and rapidly were they stricken with the
fatal blast, the thermometer indicating front forty to fifty below
zero.

SONG OF THE 15LIZZ.\RD.

Mr. Blizzard, from the iiorth-wost,

From tho land of tlie Dakotahs,

From the land of tlie Missouri,

From the wild and liowling jyrairies,

Where the snow is piled like mountains,

And the lakes are frozen solid —

Now and then comes strolling southward ;

Comes across the Mississippi,

Makes a bee line for Chicago,

J.?

Miittil

252 Toronto "Called Back."

Par.ilyzi's uM lie finds there ;
Then he scixits for Indinnti —
Mr. IJli/.zanl, of tlic north-west —
, Scoots across tlio Floosier counties,

Fillins^ all the air with snowilakes,
Freezinff every ear lie touches
Till he strikes our Cincinnati —
Strikes her hard and strikes her often,
Says the town is to his likini,',
And he'd like to make a visit.
So he blusters ui) our thorou;:;hfjire3,
Whistles shrilly down our alleys,
And he has no kind of mannens,
For he ^'oes where he's not wanted,
Pushes into private places,
Pinching ears and slappin^r faces.
Blowing skirts with impoliteness,
Takint,' liberties unheanl of,
Does this saucy Mr. Blizzard.
He should go back to the north-west,
To the land of the Dakotahs,
To the land of the Missouri,
We don't like him and dcm't want him
And request him to skedaddle.

Another fact is worthy of being recorded for the information
of those at a distance, who have «upposf.'d that the Dominion of
Canada is a region of ice and snow, w here travel in winter is
impossible except in dog-trains on the snow, the Canadian
Pacific Railway from end to end, or from the Atlantic to the
Pacific, has not been interrupted in its trallic during the whole
winter, while its competitor, the Northern Pacific, has been
blocked with snow, and has encountered the most terrific
blizzards.

This is the more remarkable and incredible, as the former
runs much farther north, and the isothermal lines run parallel
with the latter, althou<jh in a much hifjher latitude.

Toronto is situated in North Latitude 43.49, and West Longi-
tude 79.71 ; 5 hours, 17 minutes and 2(] seconds later than
Greenwich time.

Toronto from 1.sn7 to 1892.

253

Trans-Pacific Steamers.

The most important event of the yoar for the Dominion in
^^eneml, and Toronto in particular, has been the arrival of the
steamship Ab^jSKinia at Vancouver, from Yokohama, on the
14th of June, ls8s, having made the passage in thirteon days,
fimrteen hours, and being the first of the line. She had twenty-
two cabin passengers for Liverpool, New York, and eastein
points. Her cargo consisted of 2,8o0 tons of tea, silk and curios
for Victoria, Winnipeg, St. Paul, Chicago, London, Hamilton,
Toronto, Buffalo and New York.

inforu\ation
Dominion of
m winter is
le Canadian
lantic to the
Of the whole
Ic, has been
iiost terrific

the former
I run parallel

West Longi-
later than

New Bank of Montreal.

This beautiful buihling illustrates in a remarkable manner
the progress of architecture in the city.

The material is Ohio stone, and the style of the composite
onler of architecture, in which the Corinthian largely predomi-
nates, and is the most ornate of all classical styles. The Cor-
inthian is the most elaborate of all Grecian orders. The merit
of its invention is ascribed to Callimachus, a celebrated sculptor
of Athens, about 540 B.C. He is said to have taken the idea
from observing the leaves of the acanthus, growing round a
basket which had been placed with some favorite trinkets upon
the grave of a young Corinthian lady — the stalks which rose
among the leaves having been formed into slender volutes by
a square tile which covered the basket.

The capital is larger and more ornamental than in the other
orders, spreading in the form of a basket, and commingling the
richest and lightest vegt-tation with the decorations of previous
orders.

The pilasters of the Bank of Montreal are richly sculptured,
the designs, surmounted by mask he ids, emblematic of various
subjects. On the south are : (1) Commerce, (2) Music, (3) Archi-
tecture, (4) Apiculture. On the east front are: (1) Industry,
(2) Science, (3) Literature, (4) Arts: and over the main entrance
are the arms of the Bank of Montreal.

254

Toronto "Called Back.

'>.'.

i I

i!: -;<

This splendid work has been executed by Messrs. Holbrook
& Mollington, architectural sculptors, who also performed the
fine work on the Custom House. Messrs. Darling Sm Currie \\ ere
the architects.

The interior has been superbly finished in stucco, and V)eing
one complete room, with dome light, presents a magniticent
appearance. The fitii:::,L^s of the various offices are of the most
elegant description, all Canadian work.

Canadian Railways.

In 1840, when the writer made his first journey to Montreal
and Queliec, the only raih'oads in Canada were a few miles
between Lachiiie and Moiitreal, and from Laprairie to St. Jnhn's,
and were of the most primitive charactei-, tlie rails being piain
plates of iron fastened with iron spikes. The carriages were
of Engli.sh make and fashion, having doors at the sides only,
and the compartments, consisting of six seats in each, were on
the vis-a-vls principle. The Laehine road was utilized for the
conveyance of the Upper Crnada mails, and those passengers
who pi'eferre<l going through that way to Montreal rather than
"shooting the rapi<ls, or in case of „the steamers not going
through the same evening.

The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada.

The recent amalgamation witli the Northern and Nortli-
Western, as well as the former ao(|uisiti()n of the (jlreat Western,
identifies this great pioneer highway of Canada more than ever
with Toronto, especially as the Northern had the honor of
being the first in actual operation ; and while the name of the
latter will now be lost, her history will ever be identified with
the growth and progress of Toront'\ opening up as it did the
means of transit for the vast productions of the forest, which
have found their way to both home and foreign markets by the
facilities the road has atlbrded. And yet, all that it has done
in the past are as nothing compared with what may be expected
in the future, her connections jiow being capable of illimitaltle
expansion, atibrding facilities for tht; development of trade and

1. HolV)rook
'ormed the
^urrle were

I, and V)eing
tna£riii'ic''nt
of the most

to Montreal
i few ndles
o St. John's,

being piain
L-riai^es were
3 sides only,
,ch, were on
lized for the
e passengers

rather than
s not going

an<l North -
leat Western,
Ire than ever
ic honor of
lanie of the
hntitied with
s it did the
I'orest, whieh
,rkets by the
it has done
he expected
,V illimitable
f trade and

y,
<

}::^mm

h;'.:

256

TouoxTO "Called Back."

manufactures, as well as the development of mines and minerals,
the products of tisheries and agriculture as well as of the forest.

The fact of another stupendous undertaking having been
accomplished, with a business suiRcient to make both of these
immense undertakings remunerative, must be nothing less than
astounding to the reader of these pages who refers .to their
commencement, within the period recorded in the reminiscences
of the writer.

Ex- Alderman John Harvie, of this city, who was connected
with the Northern from its commencement, has in his po.sses.sion
the tirst time table ever u.sed, and is a sort of literary curiosity,
being in ordinarv handwritinfj, and bearing' date June 13th,
lSo3, at which time the road was open to Bradford. The first
passenger train left Toronto at 10.30 a.m., arriving at Bradford
at 12.45 a.m., the distance being about 40 miles. He also has
the tirst Pas.senger Tariti', of which a copy is given.

Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Railiuad Passenger Tariff, June,
1853 — in Halifax currency (20 cents to a shilling) : —

FROM

C eS

a
t-
c

8. d. a. d.

Toronto : 7i 1

Davenport Road .... .... 1

Thornhill i

Richmond Hill |

King I

MacneU'a Corners . .

Newmarket ...

Holland Landing . . . .

s
c

£ :

■J .

• FN

1'=

8. d. s. d. B. d. a. d. s. d. s. d.

13 1 iOi 3 li 3 9 4 4 4i

1 10^ 3 H 2 » 4 4.V 4 4^ 4 4A

:.', 1 3 2 6 3 U 3 4 4 4i

. " 1 1 luk 2 6', 3 li 3 9

I 1 O" 1 3 1 lOi 2 6

7V 1 3" 1 lOi

'I 7i 1 3

.. 7A

The first tickets have on one side, " Ontario, Simcoe & Huron
Railroad," with the Ro.se, Shamrock, Thistle, and Maple Leaf
on the four comers, and the otlier side is a representation of the
Union JacK, surmounted by a crown, the letters O.S.H.R. in
the centre, and " From Toronto to Barrie," on the sides.

Mr. Harvie was an otiicer on this first passenger train ever
run in Tapper Canada, and issued the first ticket and handled

k4'

I minerals,
the forest,
^'ing been
h of these
y less than
s .to their
liniscences

connected
po.ssession
J curiosity,
June 13th,
, The first
,t Bradford
[e also has

'ariff, June,

J "^

•a

-5 c

'^ ^

o ^

8. d.

•t 4i

4 4^

4 4i

3 4

4 4i

3 \h

3 9

1 lOt^

'2 6

1 :^

I lOi

1 3

& Huron

haple Leaf

Ition of the

.S.H.R.in

iS.

U.)IIN IIAKN'IK, KSiJ.,

KcAldt rinaii.

(Ptrnutmnt Surttary VpinrJ.'anaihi liihU Sachii/J.

train ever
Id handled

wtBTW

*■ 1' ■

1 1 liRi

ll«

Itili

Toronto fko.m lbb7 to 18U:i.

2o]

the first money earned by this pioneer railway- of On^n*"\o. fit-
also had cliarfre of bht Lain convcyini^ H. R. II. ilu Piince on
Wales, in IbHO ; afterwards he becaiiio Tratllc Superintendent
lAs total service with aie company extending; over 2.S ;* uars
receiving on his i^tirement a handsome bonus, with r !it\.
pass," in a gold locket, and from the employees a haa sciuc
clock, with an illuminated address.

The name of Sandford Fleming, CM-G , C.E., which is iden-
tified with the opening up o'i the great North-West, and with
many great engineering works, must ever remain associated
with ihe history of the Northern Railway, having held the posi-
tion of chief engineer for several years ; and that of Fredei-ick
Cumberland, Esq., who was managing director to i\\r. end of lii.-
life.

Canadian Pacific Railway.

colloquy on the CANADIAN SHORE UETWEEX "CANADA* A.Nb

"BRITANNIA."

Canada — " Westward the courae of eiiipiie takes its \v;iy."

Bkitannia — The Bisho|i'.s fainuus lino, dear, bears tu-daj
Moditied meaning; ; westward runs indeed
The route of empire, -ours.

Canada — If I succeed

In drawing hither Trade's unfaltering feet
And }i>ur3, uiy triumph then will l>e cimipletu.

Buri'AXNiA — Across your continent from sea to si.
All is our own, my child, and all is free.
No jealous rivals spy around our path
With watchfulness not far remote from wrath.
The sea-ways are my own, free from of old,
To keels adventurous and bosi as bold.
Now, from my western elitis that front the deep
To where the warm Pacific waters sweep
Around Cathay and old Zipangu's shore,
My course is clear. What can 1 wish for more ?
To your young enterprise i»e praise is due.

Canada — The praise and protit 1 would share with y^u.
Canadian energy has felt the .spur
Of British capital; the tlvish and stir

258

Toronto "Called Back."

y u

(Jf Firitish patriot blood is in our heart ;

IStill I am glad you think I have done my part.

Britannia — Bravely. Yon Arctic wastes no more need slay
My gallant sons. Had Franklin seen this day
Hi' liad not slcftt his last long lonely sleep
Where the chill ice-pack lades the frozen deep.
" It can be done; England should do it." Yes,
That is the thought which urges to success
Our struggling, sore-tried heroes. Waghorn knew
Such inspiration. Many a jialsiod crew
Painfully cieoi)ing through tlie Arctic night
Have felt it till their souls with lire and light.
^Vull, it is done by men of English strain,
Thougli in sucli sliajjc as they wlio strove in vain
With Boreal cold and darkness never dreamed
Wlien o'er the Pole the pale aurora gleamed
Perpetual challenge.

Canada — Here's your empire route.

A right of way whose value to compute
Will tax the prophets.

BuiTANNiA — Links me closer still

Witli all my wandering sons who tame and till

Tile world s wild wastes, and throng each paradise

In tropic seas or under southern skies.

See Halifax Vancouver, Sydney, set

Fresh steps upon a i)ath whose promise yet

J'^ven ourselves have liaiuly measured. Lo,

Far China brouglit within a moon or so,

Of tea-devouring London. Here it lies.

The way for men, and mails, and merchandise.

Striking athwart y()ur sea-dividiiig sweep

()i laixl — iron road from deep to deep.

Well thought, well done.

Canai>a — No more need you depend

On furtive enemy or doubtful friend,
Y'our htime is <m the deep, and when you come
To the Dominion's land you're still at home.

Britannia — And woe to him, the statesman cold or blind,
Of clutching spirit or of cliiijing mind,
Pedantic prig or ])urse-stiiug tightening fool,
Who'd check such work and sucii a spirit cool.

Toronto from 1.ss7 to 1892. 259

Yours is the pmiae and may tlio profit How
In fullest stream midst your Canadian snow
A true Pactolus. Trade's i)rolitic fruit

Should freely flourish on our Empire Route.

— Punrli.

When Archbishop Tache first went to the North-West, in
1845, he left Lachine on June 25th, in a long bark canoe,
manned by six voi/urjeitrs, and going by the Ottawa and Mat-
tawan, crossed Lake Nipissing, and passed thence by the
French River into Lake Huron, and so onwards by Lake Supe-
rior, the Kaministiquia, across Lake Rainy River, Lake of the
Woods, and the Winnipeg River, to St. Boniface, which His
Grace reached on August the 25th, the journey occupying sixty-
two days. It was deemed quick work in those days to make
the journey in two months.

Colonel Wolseley, at the head of the first Red River expedi-
tion, left Toronto on May 2oth, 1870, taking the Dawson route,
and his advance guard did not enter Fort Garry until August
24th.

On June 21st, 1887, the first train from ^lontreal was de-
spatched to the Pacific Coast, and reached the new city of Van-
couver at noon the following Sunday, making the journey of
2.900 miles in i:^G hoars, beating the time between New York
and San Francisco by twenty hours.

The journey from Montreal to Winnipeg, which took Arch-
bi.shop Tache sixty-two days, was made in just the same number
of hoars.

The "Mail,"

Having cast oft' the trammels of political partisanship, has a.s-
sumed an independent positioti, and now looks down from its
empyrean of criticism upon the strife (jf party. The pi'inciples
it professes to advocate are chiefiy those of Ec|Ual Rights and
Temperance.

The mottoes of " Tlie National Policy," ' Briti.sh Connection,"
and "Imperial Federation," formerly emblazoned on its banners,
if not quite obliterated, are so dim as to hide them from the
vision of its old friends and admirers. Should this escapade be

111

ififi

• 5

260

ToroaTO " Called Back."

only temporary, and the Mail return to the " fold of its first
love," hosts of these friends would ar^ain flock to its standard.

The marked ability of its editorial matter, its comprehensive
views of cjeneral subjects, its unequalled home and foreign cor-
respondence, with its interesting; matter for family reading,
place it in the front rank of Canadian newspapers, being high-
toned and dignified in st3de, as well as instructive and edifying.

The Mail building, which is a monument to the enterprise of
its proprietors, is at once an ornament and an honor to Toronto,
while its arrangements for carrving on its whole business are
perfect in every detail.

Wealthy People of Toronto.

Not more than about thirty years have elapsed since the first
person in Toronto died wealthy ; a fact which shows that such
a thing as wealth being inherited was unknown, and tliat the
accumulations of the inhabitants of Toronto since its first set-
tlement, have either been by the increase in the value of pro-
perty, or by profits of business industry.

Amongst the former may be reckoned the late Hon. Mr.
Crookshank, Hon. William Allan, Jesse Ketchum, and Samuel
Jarvis, who, having obtained large tracts of land where the
city of Toronto now stands, found themselves possessed of pro-
perty before they died worth many millions of dollars by the
natural increa.se in the value.

Amongst those who ac(|U:::ed wealth by steady business
enterprise, one of the first was Mr. John Harrington, followed
by Mr. Rice Lewis, the Messrs. Ridont Bros., all in the hard-
ware trade ; and Messrs. Michie, in the grocery ; and later, Hon.
Wm. McMaster and Mr. Robert Walker, in the dry goods trade ;
Me.ssrs. Gooderham 6c Worts, in the distillery busine.ss, may be
said to complete the list of these who had acquired great
wealth up to the time of their death, a.nd not one of all these
had any capital with which to commence business; Mr. Robert
Wilkes, in the watch and fancy goods trade, may be added to
the list as having ac(iuired a large amount of riches, while yet
a comparatively young man. To these may be added the late

of its tirsl
standard,
iiprebensivc
foreign cor-
ilv reading,
being high-
nd edifying.
intorpri.se of
' to Toronto,
busines.s art

ince the first
vs til at .such
.nd that the
its first set-
alue of pro-

te Hon. Mr.
and Samuel
;1 where the
ssed of pro-
liars by the

\[y business
Ion, followed
the hard-
later, Hon.
roods trade ;
less, may be
luired great
lof all these
Mr. Robert
added to
[j, while yet
led the late

Till. i.Mi'iKi; i;i ii.hiNi;, \hii \ii>i; >-iki;i:i' \\i-i\

If 'I '

■f

TOUONTO FUOM Ibbl TO 18!l2.

261

Senator Macdonald, j\Iessrs. John Kay, Fieilerick Perkins, John
EastwooU, Joseph Cawthra, and John Leys.

Such ha.s been the rapid increase in the vahie of property
within the last tvventv-tive years, and the development ot" trade
and manufactures, that the list of livinu' men who enj(jy not
only competence, but positive and real wealth, would be both
remarkable and surprisinj^.

"The Empire."

The Mail havinf; ceased to represent the [irineiples of the
Liberal-Conservative p.arty in the Dominion, a Joint stock com-
pany was formed to publisli a paper which, as itw name
implies, advocates the inte;^'rity of the lU'ltish empire, and at
the same time the policy of the Liberal-Conservative Govern-
ment of Canada, known as the National Policy.

It must be a matter of congratulation to all loyal Canadians
that a paper has been established which will, to a larf]fe extent,
counteract the injurious intluence of those who, for ulterior
objects, have for some time been engaged in representing the
United States as oti'ering advantages superior to those enjoyed
in Canada, and extolling evervthiiii; on the other side of the
lines, the effect of which is to depreciate Canadian interests and
her attractions.

To those in Europe into whose hands the Empire njay fall,
the information it will disseminate must prove invalual)le,
because it will be reliable, and it is to bo hoped that its wide
circulation, which is assured, will tend to promote the best class
of emigration to the IJominion, anil that Toronto will have a
large share, as our city and country only recjuire the plain truth
to be told to have their great attractions appreciated ; and this
will be adhered to in the columns of the Euipire, which i>
published daily and weekly.

Capital Invested in Toronto.

According to the enumerators' returns for the city of Toronto
the capital invested in manufacturing industries in the (^)ueen
City last year reached the extraordinary total of 832,000,000 :

r 'I

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Sciences
Corporation

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23 WEST MAIN STREFT

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

<;'

^ \^/^
'^.%?

u..

I ii

262

Toronto "Called Back."

•1 ■

1 1

V. ^

j 1

ll'l..:.

i 11

\ iHw

■"'B

the total number of employees 26,400, and the wages amounted
to 89,400,000, the average being S3o5 for each employee an-
nually. The value of the products from the factories and work-
shops of Toronto was no less than 845,000,000. Within the
past few months Mr. McGuire, of the United Brotherhood of Car-
penters and Joiners, stated that wages in the United Sta+^^es had
gone down considerably in the last twenty years. In 1880 the
average in the United States was 8346 per employee. In 1890
the average dropped to 8309. The position, therefore, that
Toronto occupies in this respect is most gratifying, and is a
signal proof of her stability and progress. In 1881, as near as
can be ascertained by careful scrutiny of the census returns of
that year, the average rate of wages paid was 870 less per em-
ployee than in the year just closed. The farmers of Ontario
have a deep interest in this matter, inasmuch as if the artisans
of Toronto obtain better wajjes than in the leading cities of the
United States, it represents a higher purchasing power, and,
therefore, they have more to spend on what the farmer pro-
duces.

Toronto a Manufacturing City.

A Sheffield teacher gave a school girl, for a home lesson, a
composition on the question of trade. Next morning she
brought an excuse for not having done her task, and also
handed to the teacher a note which her brother had sent, and
which contained the following : — " ' Trade is the substance of
things hoped for, and the evidence of things not seen.' It will
come ' in the sweet by-and-by.' Trade ! Trade ! where art
thou ? Come forth and show thyself."

This is the problem which the greatest political economists
in the world are trying to solve to-day. An Imperial Commis-
sion has been appointed in England to find out where her trade
has disappeared to, and the cause of its decline ; with this only
result so far, that new markets must be found to supply the
place of those that have been lost.

It is probable the youth knew nothing of the theories of
Free Trade and Protection, and did not know that Sheffield

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

•2{j:]

where art

goods were excluded by a hostile tariff from what had t'oriuerly
been the largest market for these goods ; nor that the manufac-
turers of Connecticut and Rhode Island were sending in similar
goods to England entirely free ; he only knew the sad fact of
poverty and all its attending evils.

The McKinley tariff, which came into operation in the Ignited
States on October Gth, 18!)0, has further aggravated the evil in
Shefheld by the great falling off of exports to the United States.

It must be gratifying to the citizens of Toronto that happily
no such state of things exists here; trade is a visible and tan-
gible reality, and there appears every prospect of steady pro-
gress in the future, as tliere has been in the past. While no
class is oppressed, all are benefited.

When it is remembered that at the commencement of our
sketch there was just one stove foundry, one soap and candle
factory, and one or two other unimportant kinds of goods
manufactured in Toronto, the list speaks for itself. It must be
borne in mind, however, that this does not by any means in-
clude all the branches of manufactures, as new industries are
starting up continually.

It would be impossible to over-estimate the importance of
these manufactures to the city, not only giving employment to
thousands of the population, but forming a large market for the
agricultural productions in the surrounding country, and also
attracting buyers of every class of good.s ; all tending to the
circulation of money, and contributing to the general prosperity.

No thoughtful person can walk down any of the leailing
thorouijhfares in the morning, or at six o'clock in the evenin-jr,
without being struck with the crowds of well-dressed men and
women, all tending toward or returning? from the centre of these
industries; and he must, indeed, be void of patriotism, whose
feelings are not thrilled by the sight of so much t!nter{)rise and
industry, making our streets vie with those of Manchester or
Nottingham. Nor is there any reason to doubt that, before
long, we may see the numbers greatly increased. While the
exten.*+ion of manufactures may embrace those not so cleanly,
no one would object to see even the linen overalls and the.

264

Toronto " Called Back."

wooden clogs which, in other cities, although corresponding
with the work of the operatives during the week, are often
replaced by silk and patent leather on Sundays and holidays.

Toronto Manufactures in 1891.

Account Books (5

Agricultural Implements 4

Ammonia 1

Architectural Iron Work 2

" Furniture 7

Artificial Limbs 2

Stone 1

Asphalt 2

Awnings 6

Bal)y Carriages 4

Bags 8

Baggage Checks 2

Baking Powder 10

Bamboo Goods 2

liand Instrumento 2

Barb Wire 2

Baskets 3

Bedding 2

Bellows 1

Belting S

Bicycles 10

Billiard Tables 2

Bird Cages 2

Biscuits 2

Blacklead 2

Blacking 1

Bolts anil Nuts 2

Bonnet Shapes 2

Boots and Shoes 19

Boot Uppers 2

Boxes 9

Brass Fixtures 16

Bricks 44

Bricks (Pressed) 1

Bridges 2

Broom Handles 1

Brushes 14

Carpets .... 3

Carriages and Waggons 37

Cattle Food 3

Cements , 14

Cereal Food 2

Chains I

Chemicals 9

Chewing Gum 3

Church and School Furniture .... 2

Cigars 13

Coffee and Spices 7

CotTins 4

Collars and CufFs 2

Combs 1

Copj-er Works 5

Corks 2

Cornices 2

Corsets 7

Check I5o(iks 2

Dies 6

Drop Forging ... 1

Drugs 4

Dry Plates 1

Electric Bells 2

Belts 3

" Burglar and Fire Alarms. . 2

" Apparatus 4

f^levators 2

Embroideries 3

Engines 8

Envelopes 4

Essuntial Oils 3

Excelsior 1

F'ences 2

Files 2

Fire Extinguishers 1

Fringes and Tassels 2

Furs 4

Furnaces 15

Furniture 13

(ialvanic Batteries 4

Galvanized Iron. 12

Gas Appliances 1

ft.: I,

i»^

Toronto from ISl ' to IS92.

265

rvesponding
c, are often
holidays.

' .' * 2

' 1

" " 3

niture 2

[,\ 1

' "

],', 7

ire Alarms . . 2
4

Oas Fixtures 7

Ghiss Signs I

Glass ('Stainedi i

Gloves "2

GoM Lf It 1

Haniniocks 1

Hardware "2

H-irness 37

llnrps I

Hats and Caps 7

Hat I'docks 1

Heating Apparatus 11

Horse and Waggon C')\ ■ is 4

Hose (Rubber) 3

Hosiery 3

Ink 4

Ice Cream Freeze n 2

Iron Fencing 5

Iron Founders !•")

Jewellery Cases -z

Knit (ioods 4

Knitting Machines 1

Laces (Corset and Shcn 1

Lad<lers 3

Lasts 2

Lead Works 3

Letter Files 3

Lumber 40

Machinery 8

Mantels 8

Marble 5

Mats 4

Mattrasses 14

Med-Ah 2

Meters 1

Mill Machinery 4

Mirrors 2

Motors 2

Xails 1

Xanie Plates 1

Xoveltiea 2

( )liice Furniture 7

Oils 13

Organs 7

Organ Heeds 1

Urnameutal Cilass 5

Iron 2

Overalls 2

Paints 3

Paper 7

Pattern Makers 7

Perfumery 2

Plioto Mats and Mounts 2

Pianos 13

Piano Actions

" Keys

" Stools

" Strings

" Hammers

Pickles 7

Picture Frames 4

Plaster Ornaments 5

Plated Ware 5

Pleasure Boats 16

Ploughs 1

Printing Presses 2

Pottery I

Pumps 4

Purses I

Radiators 5

llattun (ioods 3

Rolling Mills 1

Rope and Twine 3

Rubber (Joods 2

Rubber Stamps 5

Safes 1

Sample Cases 1

Sauces 3

.Saws 3

■Scales 1

Shirts 11

Shodily 1

Show Cases 4

Signs 2

Silverware 3

Sleighs (Children's) 2

Slippers I

Soaps S

.Spool Cotton ]

Spring Beds ."5

Spring Rollers 1

Stable Fittings 1

Steam < Jcneratcn's 1

Surgical .Appliances 3

- a .s ■ '»■ III i

. i 1'^

266

Toronto "Called Back."

Tobacco 1

Tools 13

Trusses (>

Twines . . .
Trunks . .
Tinware
Umbrellas
Varnish . . .
Vinegar . . .
Violins
Wall Paper.

Watch Cases 2

Windmills 1

Whips 1

Washboar.ls 1

Window Sliades 9

Wire Mattrasses 2

W ire Fencing 2

^^'ire Works 7

Wool Mats 1

Woollens 2

Yarns 1

Veaat 3

The Marquis of Dufferin and Ava.

In April, 1872, Lord Dufi'erin was appointed Governor- General
or Canada, and, with Lady Dufferin and .suite, took up their
residence at Rideau Hall, Ottawa. Lady Dufferin quickly
secured the good-will and affection of the Canadian people, dis-
charging all the social duties which fell to her, presiding over
the vice-regal household with grace and dignity.

The Mo.st Noble the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, lately
appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports, has had extraordinary
honors conferred upon him during the past thirty j^ears.

He now bears the following titles, besides the second highest
rank in the peerage: P.C, K.R, G.C.B., G.C.S.L, G.C.M.G.,
G.C.LE., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.

The following is a list of the different important positions he
has filled : British Commissioner in Svria, 1860 ; Under Secre-
tary of State for India, 1864-66 ; Under Secretary of State for
War, 1866-67 ; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1868-72 ;
Governor-Gei eral of Canada, 1872-78 ; Ambas.sador at St.
Petersburg, 1879-81; Special Commis.sioner to Egypt, 1882-83;
Viceroy of India, 1884-88 ; Ambassador at Rome, 1888-91 ;
Ambassador at Paris, 1891.

The following is a copy of a letter lately received from the
Marquis, with his photograph :

Bkitish Embassy,

Rome, Nov. 17th, 1891.
My Dear Mr. Taylor, — I am glad to learn that you are

1
1
1

9
2
2

7
1
2
1
3

rnor-General
ok up their
erin quickly
1 people, dis-
■esiding over

Ava, lately
xtraordinary
years,
cond highest

., G,C.M.G.,

positions he
Jnder Secre-

of State for

er, 1868-72 ;

ador at St.
^pt, 1882-83 ;
ne, 1888-91 ;

THE MAR(^)UIS OK DL'FFERIX AND AW-V,

•ed from the

17th, 1891.
^hat you are

■■ :'4

ill

ir.

ft f

IM''

i ,1

(:; i

i 1

TuuoNTo FuuM lh«7 ro KsU2.

2G7

about to publish a new edition of your interestinj^ book on
Toronto, and I liave much pleasure in enclo.sinj,^ the photo^a-aph
you are good enough to ask for.

Yours \ery truly,
(Signed) Di'fe-kuin and Ava

Meeting in the Academy of Music.

"A British subject I was Ixmi, and a liritish sulijuct 1 will diu.'

— lil'jllt Unit. .SIr.lnlin A. Mi,;lnn<dil, (j.V.ll., I'.C, dc.

The above words are inunortal, as the iiicinory of the great
man who uttered them, and will be the magical talisman whicli
will bind together in consecration all the loyal men of every
creed and nationality in this grand Dominion, which has been
cemented and foundeil by his master-hand and the hands of
those associated with him in tlie great worl: of Confederation.

The greatest political event in the history of Toronto was
undoubtedly the reception of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir
Charles Tupper in the Academy of Music, in 1S91.

Never before was a platform crowded with so many repre-
sentative men as surrounded Sir John A. Macdonald on that
occasion ; the building, from pit to top-g«llery, was packed with
an enthusiastic audience. Thousands outside vainly endeavored
to ettect an entrance, yet lingered around the spot hoping to catch
a glimpse of the Grand Old Man after hours of i)atient waiting.

The greeting he received amidst showers of bou(|Uets, and
the cheers of the vast multitude were touching in the extr' me,
and ii>. consideration of its being his last reception of a jiublic
character in Toronto, can never be forgotten b}' those who had
the pleasure of being present.

Death of Sir John A. Macdonald.

TO THE MIftHTY DEAD.

Iff

^^ Know ye not that there i'.s '( juincc and a ijrrat man fallen ihi-i daij in,
Israel ? "—2 Samukl iii. 38.

Lay tlowers uixm that biur —

Flowers — white their sheen j
Tho' w(irn with ai,'e and .sear,

'■ Tliose hands are clean.'

268 Toronto "Called Back."

I'old tliein upon his breast
■ As if in sleep.

The Chieftain sinks to rest,
': And millions weep.

I Bravely the tight was fought,

Fr(Jin y(juth to age ;

; < Nobly the palm was sought,

With stainless gage.

t '' Gold ! what were gold to him,
i Of men a King 1
■ Earth's baubles were but aim ; —
J Their glare unseen.

\ No more that hand shall guide
; ; His country's barijue ;

No more with kindly tide
1 Shall throb that heart.

Sealed are those lips that told
To tingling ears,
■ i Our country's " Fort to h.oicl "
1 ;! Throughout the years.

' ; From us a limb is torn, —
' ; Our noblest shred ;
1 1 And friend and foeman mourn
,, '1 The mighty dead.

, ;. But yel, such is not death

, ' Laid in the tomb,

\vi-.;i,^ ;,, <.i,„ i;..; i ii.

Fresh praises bloom.

When homes, from sea to sea,

Vast throngs shall claim,
Their sweetest song shall be

MacdonaLl's name.

And while that flag floats free,

In taintless sky,
His mem'ry still must be

Our battle cry !

— Duncan Anderson, in Quehcc Chronicle.

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

269

At 10.15 on Saturday, 6th of June, 1891, the bells tolled
out the mournful news that Canada's greatest statesman had
passed away for ever.

Only a few days before, he filled his accustomed place in Par-
liament, and discharfred the important d'icies pertaininj^ to his
position.

From the Atlantic to the Pacific all Canada was plunged into
the deepest grief, and with the lightning's Hash, to the very
heart of the British Empire and to Britain's Queen, went
the sad tidings that one of the greatest men that ever lived,
having accomplished his life's great mission, had been called to
his reward.

The funeral of Sir John A. Macdonald was conducted with
great and solemn state. The procession from Earnsclitfe to the
Senate Chamber of the Parliament Buildings was on a grand
scale, every class of the people being representee] from all parts
of the Dominion.

Whilst the body lay in state, the crowds who pressed to take
a last look at the face of the illustrious dead, moved ceaselessly
from morning till 10.30 at night.

Shortly before the Senate chamber was closed to the general
public an incident occurrcl which inust be regarded as the
most significant since the ^odv of the Premier was brouiiht
from Earnsclifie. At that n at Sir Casimir Gzowski walked
slowly forward and placed ■. ■> casket a beautiful wreath of
white and yellow roses from Hei Majesty the Queen. Attached
to the wreath was a card bearing this inscription :

From Hur Majesty Queen Victoria.
In Memory of Her Faithful and Devoted Servant.

c Chronicle.

It is not remembered that Her Majesty has ever before sent
any such tribute of affectionate regard to Canada or any other
place.

At the request of himself he was buried in Kingston beside
his relatives, and the funeral was a most imposing spectacle.
The state ceremonial of the two days closed the page of natural

jii i

fti

270

Toronto "Cali.ed Back."

history wliich Sir John A Macdonald umde, illustrated, and
adorned, and, ainid the tears of a sorrowing people, the great
Chieftain was laid to rest in his native city.

All through his illness. Her Majesty the Queen evinced the
deepest interest in his condition, and, when the crisis was past,
the most intense sympathy with the stricken and bereaved
widow.

Addresses and letters of condolence poured in from all orders,
conferences, municipalities, societies, and prominent individuals.

COMIVIERCIAL STATISTICS.

Purchases of British Products.

Foreign Countries-
Russia

Italy

Germany

France

United States . ,

British Countries --
Australasia . . . .
British America
Cape Colony . . . .

Per head.

s. u.

1 3

5 o

8 3

8 «

10 3

19 8

8 9

11 9

Manufactured Exports from Great Britain.

To Fiii-elqn To Britinh

Countries. Countries.

Cotton JNlanufactures £.34,4<)(»,80(» £27,598,642

Iron and steel manufactures 15,665,899 9,064,711

Woollen manufactures 15,701,001 4,717,480

Machinery, etc., manufactures 12,815,819 4,094,842

Linen and jute manufactures 7,219,618 1,157,790

Apparel, etc 1,532,433 5,616,155

Alkali and chemicals 4,217,776 578,144

Carriages, etc 2,001,515 1,028,050

Hardware and cutlery 1,599,263 1,165,183

Boots and shoes 565,545 1,682,491

Earthen and china ware 1,547,886 692,624

Silk goods 1,548,674 680,692

Miscellaneous, under £2,000,000 17,887,776 14,873,488

£116,294,045 £72,948,292

ToKONTO FllO.M IS57 To \.^'i)'2.

271

rated, and
the great

^•inced the
3 was past,
1 l>L'reaved

all orders,
ndividuals.

Pe7

head.

s. u.

1 :^

5 5

8 S

10 s

19 8

8 9

11 9

[tain.

To Brituh
Countries.

1:27,598,642

9,064,711

4,717,480

4,094,842

1,157,790

5,616,155

578,144

1,028,050

1,165,183

1,682,491

692,624

680,692

14,873,488

(2,948,292

Canadian Imports and Exports, to 30th June, 1891,

From other parts of tlie ISritisli Empire to 3Utli June, ISiH .S44,43S,0S'j

From forfii,'!! countries 68,8(12,1 '36

Exports to otlier piirta of tlie British Knipire 53,357, S65

Exports to forcigu couutries 44, 198,510

Exports from Toronto— the Produce of Canada.

ISS-K

Produce of the mine

Produce of tlie tisheries .S'-U4

Produce of the fnrcHt ll()S,4t».'i

Animiils and their pro(luce !KtKS74

Agricultural pr(jduct8 l,284.tir)7

^[aiiufactures 28^,270

^Miscellaneous 10.573

isni.

81,050

L'.O-JO

50 4. '.(40

S2r),250

l,*J2i',77!» ....

7ot;,L':;4 440,058

1,758 ....

81,050

i.iot;

IOC, 477

Di'.creuxe,

8 1 00. 515
01,878

u.sia

82,801,757 83,204,040

Imports to Toronto for Year Ending June 30th, 1891.

Free S4,37s. 728

Dutiable 14,974,408

Total .^19,353,136

Dut,y $4,076,926

Toronto Post-Ofifice Statistics.

' J-'nr II, iu- • inlinij olst Lecanh'.r, IdUV.)

A.s the post-ofhce i.s the most popular of our Government
departments, the t'ulluwing li^ures will be read with interest: —

Amount of niduey-order.s issued 8585,008 70

Amount of uiouey-iirdns paid _ .81,854,08;! 14

Numljer of onlers jiaid 150,31'.)

Amount dep(. sited in Post-dtlice Savings Hank. §583,008 00
Number of letters delivered by carriers, exclu-
sive of box-Ill ilders and t^eueral delivery . . 14,004,043

Xumber of newspapers delivered 3,440,803

Number of letters posted : . . 13,273,828

Number of cards posted . 3,520,094

Amount of postai^e-stamps sold 8305,152 02

Number of letter carriers 112

Number of street letter boxes iol

Number of branch post-othces 10

Number of street letter-box collectors 12

'^^\

■\n

i .

• i '[

; i

; 1
Jf

,■11

[III

272

Toronto "Cam.ed Back."

Comparative Increase of Population in Eight Oanadian
Cities in Twenty Years.

/.V7/. /.S',S7. ISni. Incrcnsr.

Montreal 107,225 140,747 210,050 10{>,425

Toront,, 56,092 86,415 181,220 125,128

(^iKilMu; 5!»,0'»!> 00,440 0;{,0<>0 l',,'.','.)]

HHiiiilton 20,710 ;{5,«»01 4H,!)H() 22,204

Ot.fawa 21,545 27,412 44,154 22,0O!>

Halifax 29,5.S2 30, 100 .'{8,500 K,!»H4

Winnipou 211 7,!'H5 25,042 25,401

Viincouver 1:5,086 , 1:5,085

f .f

i f

1 iMi i

i^^^i ' ' '

m ' '

tM '

•1

■

^ "™"

Comparative Dominion Statistics for

and 1890.

j{. MiK! .i^i:{,087,;t28

E. litMini ^i:{,48(;,0!»2

i. i)!i '.VH :{,o;i8

..■U,>rK I8,1(K»,(K)0

, •, .IH'.VH l8,H<i(),(K)(»

Sh.^ t; iiiwanlH \<!HHciH 8,o:{8

Slii[)piiig oubwanlK vuhhoIs !',778

IiiiI-ortH f7:i,45!l,044

KxiMirtH 57,507,888

Cliart.-ml I.aiikH ^as.s.^ts) 77,872,257

l'i)Ht,-()liici> Saviii^H Hanks -

Niniibor 81

DuiMmitors 2,102

IJalancu $204,588

the Years 1868

I.H'.in.
.5:!0,87!t,025

$:55,!»'.M,o:u
7,01 :',

94,100,000

70,'»h:5,I2I

15,722

15,402

* 12 1,858, 24 1

!»0,74!>, 110

2.54, «)28, 004

404

112,:i21

.«<21,!>00,05:{

How Canada has proHptM-cd under tlie National Policy of
prelection to native industries may be learncid from tin; fol-
lowinf^ comparison between tlie years l(S78 and I8!)(): —

y57,V. JS'JO. Inn-dt.v'.

Miles of railway 0,14:5 1:5,088 7,845

Tons of Hluppiiii,' 2:5,102,.55l . 4. ,24:5,251 18,140,7<K)

Production <.f coal (loiiH) 1,152,000' .'5,000,000 1,848,0(X)

LotterH and poHt-cardH carried hy

I'cmt-ollicti Dci.artincnt 50,840,000 100,000,000 40,1(50,000

DoponitH in chartered and Huvinf^H

ImiikH )ii!88,0!»5,12(i $1!»7,8!»5,452 .S108,000,:520

Money ordcrH 7,1:50,000 11,007,802 4,777,802

15ank-iiole circulation 29,780,805 47,417,071 17,<i:51,206

Value exports of Canadian cliecHe :{,007,521 9,:57-2,212 5,:574,091

Value exports of Canadian cattle.. J,152,;s:54 . 0,04!>,4I7 5,707,083

Value exports of Canadian sheep.. 099,:5:57 1,2:54,:547 5:58,010

Value exports of manufactured wood i:5,!»08,029 20,059,:548 0,750,710

Value exports of home umnufactures 18,182,047 25,5:50,00:5 7,:547,350

ToKONTO FROM I SS7 To 1.S02.

27.'i

Oanadian

■".rofVic,
5,128

'2'2, <')();)

8,'.IH4
2r.,401

i:;,u8r)

Total Value of Canada's Exports to Great Britain
and the United States.

From 1873 to 18S1), inclnsivo, tho total valiK; of {^'oofls (ex-
ported from ('unada to tlit; Ignited States was S<i 17,01)1, ()()().

During tho hutim! period tlif. vahic of ('anadiaii products ex-
ported to (Jnaii .ritain was .S7.'{0,*J.'}.'),0()().

Durinj^ the sfsvontetMi years cov(!red hy this perio<l tlie l>ritiHh
market took, therefore, i5n{.S,lH',()00 more (jf Canadian exports
than did tliat of the United States.

ears 1868

sua.
s7't,!»2r)

;V,)4,():U

7,'.n:{

1()(>,()(M)

[)h:>,,\-2\

15,722
ir,,402

Hr.K,2n
74'.»,ll'.»

«i2H,<i'.»4

4*14
112,:i2l

•»'.»(),or/i

il Policy of
om the fol-
io :—

Jlirrnisc.

< 7,H4r)

1H,14(>,7<H)
1,H4H,()(X)

) 4iM()(),0()()

$108,'.K)0,a2«)

4,777,H02

i7,<;:n,2()H
r»,:{74,r.()i

r),7'.»7,OH3

r.:{H,()i()
r.,7r.(),7i'.>

J 7,:547,35(i

Members of the Dominion Cabinet, 1892.

Premier (iml, I'rrHklrnl nf (\,iii,<il . . .

MinisUr of J'nhLir IfmLs n

Minialcr of Jiall irn (j.-y n

Mitiislf.r of Militia fi

Secretary of Slatt i

Minister of Aiiriiull uff i

Minister of hdaml l!i n ma >

Posliiiasler-Gi)!' ml,

Minister of tin' I nh rior >

Minister of Finanrr

Minister of AlariiK oinl FisJn < us

Minister of Jiislii'e i

Witfwut i'ortfolio t

lion. Sir.l..I.(,',Al.l>oit, K.(".M.(i.
n .). A. ( )uiiiii't.
II .loliii (J. Hat(t,'!irt.
fi Ma(^k(!ii/.ic liiiwi'll.

.1. <'. rjiitc.Hoii.

.Inllll (-'.IfiillJ^.

.loliii <IoHti;{UU.
Sir A(l(il|ilif (/'jiroM.
Kd^Jif hi'wdiic}-.
(Joor^jo E. FoHtor.
CliiirlcH \\. Tuiipi'i'.
Kir .Iiiliii Tii<)iii|).si)ii.
Fniiik Siiiitli.

Port of Montreal.

Statement sl)owing the nationality and tonnage of H(!a-going
vesHols that arrived in port <luring the season (4' iSiJl, which
were navigated by 2.'J,!)07 seamen : —

Nntionality. N'l- "f VcmmiIh. Tcjiiiihl'''.

liritiHli : <>H4

Norwoj^iaii

Aintirican
Froncli . . .
Uuteli . . .
Ttalian . . .
tSpaniHh . .

)H4

.S«7,0!»2

r»

4,K14

;;4.40!»

(;,44r»

!»()()

2,h:{4

872

1,2I»1

Total

4 'Ji» .*/»M,l>i)|

I!
I

Of the above, (J.'H were steamers ajid 94 sailing vessels.

■ I 1

hy (
f[ ■■ '■'.

t ^

" If''

ill :!i

I'P'

274 Toronto "Called Back."

Shipping of the World.

Niiiiihi.T and toiina^^ci (t\' all steam vosscls of one liun(lro<l

tons and upwards ovviuid by oach of tho several countries of the

world, registered at " Lloyd's": —

Niimb>'r, Toitnai/f.

I'.ritish 5,7r>() 8,107,7<;2

Tho (JMloiiicH «:!!• 4Hr»,7.Sl

r,j,'x, H,( ;:).■;, 51.".

I'nitiMl StiitcH

Kreiich

( ici'miui

Itiiliaii

NorwuLciaii

400
542
80(!
217
47a

SpaiiisI) .'J!»0

r)H7,4'12

.S»H,.")L'2

1,0.-) »,«;)•»

:i():i,!)24
:',{):>, 2:',r,

42:5,254

2.SHH 3,52:J,277

l'l\(.'i!s.s (if Ih'ilisli >>v(!r all dIIht cniniirioH

ooiiihiiiril .'»,707

s.\iiJN(; vi«:ssKi.s.

I'.ritisli ,.
Cnlonii'.s

5,i;;o,2<)ii

. . . :{.:{42
... 1, '.••;;>

5,:5| I

rnitc.l States 2,S!)7

Kiviicl. HIKi

(ii'Miiaii 1,058

Italian l.o57

Norwi'L^i.'Ui 2, '.121

S|>aiii.sli 478

Aii.strii-lliin^'ariaii 218

Daiii.sli 587

Diiicli :i52

HusHian i'.'M

Sw.iish nni

le liuiulrt-Ml
itrie.s of tho

i(;T,7t;2
tHr,,7Hi

i;:>:!,r>t:{

r)H7,44'J

,S4K,r)'J'2
( ).->!, «'.)!»

:',(»: !,'.»'J4
:;()r»,'2:5»)

4ii:{,254
,52:5,277

,ir,(),2(it;

yumlifir.

:i.:u2

l,'.ni'.>

r.,;;i i

2,K'.>7
so: 5
l,(»r>H
l.:jr.7
2,; 121

47H
21 «

r),s7
'.\:>2
',i:i4
•)i;i

T(jK()NT<> fko.m 1.s^7 to l>St)2.

■j.t->

Comparative Population and Finances of Toronto in

1879 and 1889.

l'(>[)iiliiti()U in ISS!) (cslimntid)

I S7!)

{,8i:}

'•».

Increase in ti;n years, 171 p'T (;i;iit.

2(i, ! S7

N'aliii' of AHscHKat)^! I'roiicity, as per AHSoasintnit taken in IMS'). . . .§l.'i(»,r)2(i,<>17

IS?!). .. ijO, l(i(;,(>:;!J

IncreaHO in ten years, 172 per cent.

SNd.lfniMJTS

Kate of Taxation for tiu; y-ar I'^'^K. ... 1 I', iniils on the (loll;ii of AHHesHirieiit.

" iy-'

S7!)....l7i

1 H'crea.sc

Kevenuo, other than Ta-satioii, 1^^'.)

IS niiihs.

is::)

.■■».")7,0.">(j
2(i7..S()0

lieveniie from Taxation, 1 SSS

is:;)

..■?.2,()0I,0!»'2

•too,

S2M»,2.')0

.«1.10:{,7M7

(Iros.s iiierciiHu in ten years, Oie.uly) I'JO per cent.

■I,:i!»2 '>S1

KstiMiateil Viiliic of property ounecl Wy the (ity Corporation, ISS't. SI 1 ,000,0<i()

IST'). 'j.nOlKOOO

ncreuse

(.General City Debt, ISM)

1S7!)

increaHe

%;.'),•>()(), ()()(»

I l,170,!)»()
<i,07.'>,7!)l

i?r),.{!(r,,i4!)

Total As.-<eHHnient for Is!l2 Slol , I "fS.OOli

Mayors of Toronto.

William l^you MaekiMi/if, 11. U. Sullivan, (U'.in-ni (Jnrnt;tt,
.lohn Powell, < liiorfje Muiiro, Henry SlnTwood, Wiliiuin Ihuii-y
IJoultoii, J(jhn (}. Bf)we.s, Jo.sliua (i. Henrcl, .Jolm licverlc}' llol)-
iii-^on, (}. \V. Allan, .lolm lliitcliinson, Davifj 15. Ilcid, Adam
Wilson, Franeis il. Medcall', .)anii'> 10. Smith, S. li. Harman,
CieovLje D'Arcv Uoulton, .losciiji SJieaid, Ah'xander Manninir,
Animus Morrison, .lamis hi-aty. .jun., \V. P.. .McMui-iich, Arthur
11. l>us\vell, Ale.xundci- .M;iii(iiii.;', ^\'. II. I low land, Iv V. (JIarke,
and II. .J. Fleinin'^f.

.'!

■■T-i

, f

I -■'

' !{

■i't

vt» ,,

y^|

l;t

I
I

276 Toronto "Called Back."

Value of Buildings Erected during the Years

1882 $1,757,630

1883 1,506,740

1884 2,033,235

1885 3,449,375

1886 1,198,220

1887 $1,276,600

1888 2,063,795

1889 2,356,174

1890 2,364,750

1891 4,388,900

Of the buildings erected in 1891, the proportion is: —

1,010 dwellings $2,689,300

37 rough-cast 29,800

121 stores and factories 440,900

16 warehouses 168,500

6 churches, schools and missions 117,500

Hotels and stables 56,300

Miscellaneous alterations and additions 258,600

AthentBuni Club Rooms 32,000

Dominion Lank, Spadina Avenue 20,000

Temperance Coffee House 19,000

Gooderham & Worts' building 66,000

Aged Women's Home 18,000

Youn'jj Women's Christian Guild 25,000

St. George's Society Hall 18,000

I.O.O.F. Hall and stores 30,000

Victoria University 200,000

Toronto University 200,000

Parliament Buildings, and Court House and Citj-

Hall, estimated at 3.000,000

Foreign Consuls in Toronto.

Germany Samuel Nordheimer.

United States Chavles R. Pope.

" " (Vice) C. A. Hirschfelder.

France A. T. Fulton.

Netherlands B. Homer Dixon.

" (Vice'* Albert Nordheimer.

Spain (Vice) Enoch Thompson.

Brazil (Vice) George Musson.

Italy (Hon.) A. M. F. GianeLU.

Norway and Sweden (Vice) Saurin McMurray.

Argentine Republic Nicol Kingsmill.

(Vice) Frederic Nicholls.

Liberia (Vice) Enoch Thompson.

Hawaii Enoch Thompson.

" (Vice) Lieut.-Col. Geo. A. Shaw.

*;i-i

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

2V7

Toronto Weather Statistics.

ISSo. 1SS6. 1S87. 1S8S. 1SS9. 1S90.

Mean temperature 41.57 43.71 44.14 45.70 45.44 45.02

Highest temperature 88.6 89.5 97.2 92 88.7 S9.4

Lowest temperature — 16.1 —22.8 —16.6 —16.1 —11.3 —2.7

Amount of snow in inches . . 65.6 73.5 77.9 34.6 66.5 52.6

Number of days of snow 73 66 78 83 60 81

Total amount of rain 26.351 27.726 17.909 22.819 24.575 32.110

Number of days of rain .... 103 112 106 1.33 127 145

Number of fair days 203 196 203 175 187 159

Number of days completely

clouded 65 74 76 58 79 68

Number of hours of bright

sunshine 2,018 2,034 2,063 2 048 1,909 1,977

Number of hours of possible

sunshine 4,463 4,463 4,463 4,474 4,403 4,463

Minimum and maximum temperature at different points in Canada on
December 13th, 1891 :— Edmonton, 20'— 30°; Qu'Appelle, 22"— 28"; Winnipeg,

11°— 28°; Port Arthur, 26"— 48" ; Toronto, 36°— 48'; Kingston, 3S'-^6°; Mon-
treal, 36°— 46°; Quebec, 18°— 38°; Halifax, 16°— 42°.

Churches in Toronto, 1892.

Episcopal 42

Methodist 30

Presbyterian 34

Baptist 18

Congregational 12

Roman Catholic 11

Hebrew 2

Plyniou' 1 Brethren 2

Disciples 2

Reformed Episcopal 1

Unitarian 2

Lutheran 1

Catholic Apostolic 1

Miscellaneous 20

Total 187

InlSSC 110

Increase 77

278

ToiioNTO " Called Back."

Toronto Water Works.

Toronto is supplied with water from Lake On*-ario by lueana
of puiiipinjT engines, manufactured by ^^essrs. Ingli.i & rlunter,
of this city, havin^: a capacity of 12,000,000 gallons per twenty-
four hours ; also two Worthington Duplex Engines of a capacity
of 12 000,000, making a total of 24,000,000 gallons. The Vmild-
ing of the Water Works in which they are placf ' 's a handsome
structure at the edge of the bay.

The reservoi) at Piose Hill, from which the water is dis-
tributed, is beautifully situated to the north of the cit^-. The
wonderful growch of the city will be seen by a comparison of
the following statistics with the system in 1847:

WATER SUPPLY FOR 1890.

Population supplied from Water Works (I'.stimated) .... 200,000

Average daily consuniptiou 17,S.S3,(iiiO

Number of gallons consumed for j-ear 6,'277,G05,9'20

(Jallons, per day, to each inhabitant To

Xuml)er of hydrants 2,708

Number of horse-troughs 57

Number of drinking fountains 84

Number of hoists .' 229

Number of water meters 1 ,r)98

Number of services 30,205

Miles of Mains 2;i7;i

Revenue |!409,78S 26

E.xpenditure 344,906 84

It is interesting to notice that in 1847 there was no hoist of
any kind in any building in Toronto. All goods and furniture
were carried to the dflerent floors, while passengers had to
walk up stairs. The f'irst two hoists were of the old wheel and
rope pattern, and one was placed in the present General Trusts
Company's building by Messrs. Ross, Mitchell & Co., and the other
in the warehouse at present occupied by Mr. P. Jacobi by
Taylor ^V: Stevenson in 18.5.S.

Toronto Gas Works.

The Gas Works of Toronto were originated and built by the
late Albert Furniss, in 1842, who was also the builder of the
Water Works. The present Consumers' Gas Company origin-
ated in LS47, and the tirst meeting of the subscribers for stock

I iV

Toronto from Lss7 to 1892.

279

by means
& Hunter,
er twenty-
a capacity
Tiio build-
handsome

,tcr is <lis-
cH.r. The
iparison of

200,000

7,s:v3,()tiO

7,006,1»'20

2,708

2'2!)

bo'AS

36,255

09,788 26
44,906 84

no hoist of
id furniture
:ers had to

wheel and
leral Trusts
lid the other
Jacobi by

luilt by the

llder of the

any origin-

I's for stock

was held on the 29th October, 184-7, when Directors were a])-
pointed for the management of the Company. The Act of
Incorporation was pas.sed in 1848. The Directors had not pro-
ceeded far with their arrangements for the construction of
the Works before they ascertained that the Gas Works then
in use could be purchased, and they unanimously deci<led on
concluding the bargain for their purchase. The late Charles
Berczy, Postmaster, was the first President of the Company.
The Directors in 1852 were Charles Bcrc/y, Hugh Miller, John
T. Smith, David Patterson, J. Arnold, M Betley, I. C. Gilmonr,
W. Mathers, S. Alcorn, E. C. Hancock, S. Piatt, and James
Strange. When the Company took over the Gas Works the
price of gas was S5 per thousand, net, besides a large meter
rent, and the quality from ten to twelve candles.

On September 80th. 1847, there were one hundred and sixty-
four street lamps and three hundred and seventeen gas con-
sumers, and the total amount of rental for gas for fifteen
months — two quarters at 25s. and three (quarters at 20s. —
amounted to only £4,G19 7s. lOd. The first nianager was
Mr. John Watson, who only occupied the position for a short
time, when he was succeeded by the late Henry Thompson, who
occupied the position until 1874, when he was succeeded by W.
H. Pearson. The gas manufactured up to September 30th,
1854, was 14,000,000 cubic feet.

TABLE FOR YEAR ENDING .SOth SEPTEMBElt, 1891.

Number of street lamps 1 ,287

" " " 1890 3,448

'I !

Decrease . . . , 2,161

Total mileage of mains 207

]\leters, 1891 14,838

1890 1 3,242

Increase 1 ,596

Gas Rental, 1891 .■?48S,946 25

1890 499,979 03

Decrease SH ,032 78

Output of gas in Toronto, in 1842 1,146.000 cuhic feet.

" " 1891 500,414,000

Price of gas to ordinary customers SI l'2h per 1,000 feet.

«' " large " ... 1 Oo"

, I

•J ,

280

Toronto "Called Back."

^litiM'

•I

I if

•' !1

The City Council, having discontinued the use of 2,200 street
lamps, and substituted electric light, accounts for the decrease.

President, James Austin, Esq. ; Vice-President, L. W. Smith,
Esq., D.C.L., Q.C. ; Directors, Samuel Alcorn, James Austin,
M. Baldwin, G. S. C. Bothune, Henry Cawthra, Geo. R. R.
Cockburn, M.A., M.P., I. C. Gilmour, George Gooderham, James
Scott, L. W. Smith, D.C.L , Q.C, Thos. R. Wood and Hon. Frank
Smith ; General Manager and Secretary, W. H. Pearson.

Toronto Railway Company.

In the spring of 1891 the franchise owned by Messrs. Smith
& Iviely having expired, the entire property was valued by
arbitrators, who awarded the Company .'?1,4'.j8,788. This amount
having been paid by the city, the road was run by the City
Council for several months pending the transfer to a new
couipany.

The present syndicate took over the whole property at the
above valuation. The gentlemen composing the syndicate are
Messrs. J. W. Kieiy, H. A. Everett, Wm. McKenzie and C.
C. Woodworth. As the system is in a transition state, awaiting
the decision as to the future motive power, perfect arrangements
can scarcely be expected, but it is unfortunate that one most
important condition sliould have been overlooked, and which is
insisted upon in every city in Europe, namely, the rule of
limiting the number of passengers. If this can be done in
Europe, it can as easily be done in Canada, only requiring
sufficient cars to accommodate the passengers, and this should
be insisted on by all who pay a fare for a seat, to which every
passenger is entitled.

Toronto Post Ofiice in 1892.

No greater evidence of the growth and the expansion of the
commerce of Toronto can be given than by a comparison of the
business of the Post Office Department during the period
covered by the present sketch.

When the present office of the Receiver-General, on Toronto
Street, was buili for a new post office, none but the most san-

i; ii;u

I. •

to a new

n Toronto
most san-

i'OST OFFICE, TOKONTO.

Ik.

. I

282

Toronto "Callhd Back.'

guine doubted its capacity for all its requirements for man}-
years to come, l)ut wliile it was still a comparatively new ImiM-
incj it was soon found to be quite inadeipiate to the rapidly-
f^rowincf business of the city,, and in 1873 the present beautiful
structure was erected.

A more .suitable sitnn+'' ^ could not have been chosen than
that on which it stan rrounded, as it is, by buildinj^s in

every way worthy of the neio-hV'orhood, and in close proximity
to the business portion of the citj*.

The buildino- is of three stories, faced with cut stone, elabo
rately ornamented, and the internal arrangements are admirably
adapted to the never-ceasing business transacted.

A side door at the western end of the building leads, by a
handsome staircase, to the offices of Mr. M. Sweetnam, Chief
Post Office Inspector, and Mr. F. D. Barwick, District Inspector,
and their assistants and other officials.

it i

■!' I

111

,:P- i

\fl

Toronto Board of Trade

Was incorporated in February, 1875, the Council being com-
posed of the following gentlemen : Thomas Clarkson, President ;
E. F. Whittemore, Vice-President; John Harrington, Treasurer ;
Charles Robertson, Secretary ; Messrs, A. T. Howl and, James
Brown, jr., Wm. McMaster, William Henderson, John Shaw,
Charles Robertson, J. G. Worts, T. D. Harris, Rice Lewis, George
A. Piper, Henry Fowler, John Henderson.

Officers for 1892.

President, Hugh N. Baird ; 1st Vice-President, Hugh Blain :
2nd Vice-President, S. F. McKinnon ; Treasurer, George Maclean
Rose ; Secretary, Edgar A. Wills, J.P. ; Council, W. Christie, D.
R. Wilkie, W. D. Matthews, W. R. Brock, Warring Kennedy,
A. A. Allan, Geo. H. Bertram, G. M. Bosworth, A. B. Lee, B.
Cumberland, John Donogh, R. W. Elliott, W. B. Hamilton, S.
Caldecott, John Earls ; Board of Arbitration, Geo. A. Chapman,
Jos. Oliver, R. J. Stark, W. Galbraith, Thos. McLaughlin, J. D.
Liiidlaw, S. Crane, J, H. G. Hagarty, Thos. Flynn, J. H. Sproule,
Chas. Pearson, R. S. Baird ; Repre.sentatives on Harbor Commis-

for luaiiy
lew i>uil<l-
3 rapiiUy-
i beautiful

Toronto from 1N87 to 1892.

2.s;i

■ion, J. T. Matthews, A. M. Smith ; Representatives on In(his-
trial Exhibition Commission, Jas. Carruthers, W. B. Hamilton,
W. C. Mathews ; Solicitor to the Board, W. H. Beatty. Mem-
bership, 922. Income for 1S91, i?l2,572 oT.

losen than
ilding.- in
proximity

,one, elabo-
admirably

leads, by a
nam, Chief
t Inspector,

being com-

President ;

Treasurer ;

and, James

ohn Shaw,

wis, George

Uf^h Blain :
■r^e Maclean

Christie, D.

g Kennedy,
B. Lee, B.

lamilton, S.
. Chapman,
ghlin, J. D.
H. Sproule,

)or Commis-

Death of Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale.

"MY SON IS dp:ad."

[" My beloved son passed away at nine o'clock to-day." — TriE
Prince of Wales to the Lord Mayor of London, January 14th,
1892. — The bells of St. Paul's are never tolled save on the occa-
sion of the death of an heir to tlie throne.]

"My loved anu is dead, my best
Beloved, he sleeps and is at rest."
So wrote our future kiny,
Now let St. Paul's liclls ring
And let the Nation know,
A Nation bowed with w(ie,
That Albert Victor's dead.

Oh father; gentle mother ; wife
That soon would be, had his young life
Been longer spared to thee,
Accept we pray, our sympathy,
While tolls the solemn bell
Whose brazen voice does tell
That Albert Victor's dead.

Oh, Empress — Queen, whose widowed heart

Is called upon again to part

With one who'd earned your love ;

What can we do, or say, to prove

Our hearts go out to thee

In deepest synii)athy.

While clangs the lirazen bell

That does to Britons tell

" Your Albert Victor's dead."

Oh, Sailor Prince, of less renown
Than him, who laid aside the crown,
And let the scejitre fall ;
Hear you, the Nation's call.

(

I'l.

284

Toronto "Called Back."

That bills you take liis placo
In Ih'itivin's royal race :'
Still tolls the soleimi l)oll,
Wli ise Itrokon voicua tuU
That Alhurf. Victor's deail.

Oh, Iiiitain's sons, where'er you <l\vt'll,

Mourn not your prince; with him all's well.

Ho has but gone before:

He's reached the further shore,

And 'fijre the Tlirnne of CJrace

Ha stands with smiling face.

While heavenly anthems swell

And angel voices tell

"()ur Albert Victor lives.''

— C. H. Clarke.

Tnronto, 1S!)2.

No event since the death of the Prince Consort, on tlie 14th
December, ISGl, has caused the heart of the nation to be moved
with such profound grief as on the I4th of January, 1892, has
the sudden death of the eldest son of the Prince and Princess
of Wales. The feelini^ was intensified by thfi fact that all
arranijements had been made for his marriage with Princess
^larv of Teck.

On the news being circulated, messages of condolence poured
in from most of the rulers of the world, and telegrams from all
the European Capitals <lisplaycd the most affectionate sympathy,
accompanied with visits of Royal and diplomatic representatives
to English Embassies all over the world, expressing the pro-
fouml regret on the occasion. It was intended to have a
funeral procession through London, but on account of the pre-
valence of influenza, and the danger of exposing the troops, the
programme was abandoned, and after most affecting scenes and
funeral ceremonies at Sandringham, the body was conveyed to
Windsor via London. The services in St. George's Chapel
were most solemn and impressive. The procession from the
railway station movetl amid the booming of the minute guns
on the Round Tower of the Castle, and the funeral marches
played by the bands of the Life Guards and the 10th Hussars.
The Prince of Wales, Prince George of Wales, and the Duke

Toronto from LS87 to 1892.

285

of Fife led the mourners, amongst whom were the Duke of
Connaui^'ht, Duke of E(linl)urf:jh, tlio throe Princes of Teek, and
a number of distinrruished royal personages. As the Earl of
Lntham, the Lord Chamberlain, swunfjf l)ack the crimson curtain
at the door of this grand and historical Chapel, the scene of
some of the most memorable events in English history, the
procession halted, while the heavil3'-draped gun carriage, bearing
the body of the deceased Duke, drew up. The ceremony was
witnessed from a window in the Queen's gallery by the Prin-
cess of Wales and her daughters, and Princess Victoria Mary
of Tcck.

In the evening the coffin was removed from St. George's
Chapel to Albert Memorial Chapel. Hero it was placed l)etween
tie cenotaph of the late Prince Consort and the recumbent
figure of the Duke of Albany. Memorial services were held in
Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's, and in all the Capitals of
Europe.

Toronto in 1892.

The year 1892 finds Toronto with a new division of wards, or
districts; the former thirteen, with three aldermen representing
each ward, have been reduced to six districts, with four alder-
men to each.

The election resulted in the choice of ex-Alderman Fleming
for Chief Magistrate. His name is already on record as the
promoter of the by-law for the reduction of the number of
liquor licenses.

The chief election tactics consisted of abundance of promises of
economy and retrenchment, which are very desirable, provided
they do not tend to check progress and advancement.

The scriptural statement that " there is that withholdeth
more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty," is as true as the
converse that " there is that scattereth, and yet increaseth."

While the number of vacant houses was prominently referred
to during the election campaign, by a strange incongruity,
neither from press or platform was a word uttered to show how
these empty houses were to be occupied. While our newspapers

«.f

,1 '

if: '

iJ'M

i.
I

286

Toronto "Called Back."

owe their existence to the business houses, who wisely advertise
their goods, the attractions of Toronto are literally unknown
abroad.

All that has been said as to the dawn of 1888, might be
repeated of 1892, with emphasis, of Toronto as a great com-
mercial centre. The results of the superabundant harvest of
1891 must naturally flow from the surrounding country into the
banks and warehouses. Not only has there been such crops as
never before, but the unprecedented fact exists that prices are not
reduced by the abundance. Often, during the last forty years,
have farmers complained that when crops were good prices
were low, all for want of a market. In this respect the change
is marvellous. The facilities for transport have secured to the
farmer high prices when his crops are large, as well as when not
so abundant.

The prospects of a fresh impetus being given to all branches
of trade and manufactures were never so good ; and if the
population only increaaes in the same ratio, as even last year,
many houses at present vacant will be occupied, while building
will go on to accommodate the further intlux from year to year.

While millions of money are waiting for investment, no
eflTort is made to secure its influx, from abroad, for develop-
ing our resources, but on the contrary, the scattering of infor-
mation that would undoubtedly lead to that result is steadily
opposed, and the true panacea for the ailments of the city per-
sistently refused.

There appears to be two conflicting elements at work. The
enterprising, progressive men, who are far-seeing and patriotic,
desire to see our population increase, by establishing factories,
and utilizing our facilities for the development of our immense
natural resources ; but their influence is counteracted by a class
which is opposed to any increase in our population. This class,
like the bear sucking his paw, or boys trading knives, would
have the citizens live on each other, or on our present resources,
and so check all further progress. Unfortunately this class so
far controls a certain portion of the press. Principle is laid
aside for expediency, and Toronto suffers from her domestic

y advertise
J unknown

, might be
o-reat com-

harvest of
itry into the
iich crops as
irices are not
forty years,

good prices
t the change
icured to the
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all branches
; and if the
en last year,
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the city per-

work. The
and patriotic,

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our immense
,ed by a class
This class,
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ent resources,

this class so

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Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

287

foes, who will make no effort to publish her attractions outside,
especially in Europe, from where alone we may expect capital to
flow into our city.

It is in vain to attempt to convince these individuals that
Toronto is very little known in Europe, compared for instance,
with Chicago, which by p.dvertising herself, is making un-
paralleled strides in population, while the great mass of people
in Europe do not know whether Toronto is in Canada or the
United States, which, on the other side the Atlantic, are made
to constitute the Continent of America ; and we allow them to
ignore Canada as having a large share, and Canadians are denied
a distinct nationality, while Toronto is left out as unimportant,
all of which it is in our power to remedy, if the proper means
are used.

In the last conversation the writer had with the late Alder-
man Gillespie, who was an admitted economist, he stated that
the proposition or suggestion to be found in another place, to
form a committee for the purpose of promoting the highest class
of immigration to the city, and even the appointment of a
permanent commissioner in Great Britain to promote this object,
was the best thing he had ever heard on the subject.

For "how can they hear without a preacher" who will
show men of means the advantages we offer for establishing
smelting works and other industries, and so create a hive of
industry on the banks of the Don and Ashbridge's Bay, and
increase the number of factories in and around the city, thereby
adding largely to the population.

Forty-five Years Retrospect.

In " calling back " the wonderful growth and progress of
Toronto from 1892 to 1847, or vice versa, the following facts
and summary statement of what the writer knows from per-
sonal observation may be interesting.

The population has grown from 22,000 to 200,000 ; the few
ill-paved streets of mud, and so-called macadam, have given
place to the following :

288

Toronto "Called Back."

TORONTO STREET STATISTICS.

1889 1801 Increase. Decrease.

Total strcot inilc.tm 2'M) 242 12

Ct'diir niiidwiiys 80 117^ ."JT^j

Macfidam 45 '.iot . .' 9A

Stone blocks 7") .o4" . . .41

Asphalt 25 (li 6|

Sewers 150 220" 70

Sidewalks I(i0 420 2G0

The snpply of water by carts, for domestic purposes and ex-
tinguishment of iires, has improved to the extent as supplied
by tlie latest report of the Water-works Department, given
with other statistics.

The volunteer hre brigade, with a few hand engines supplied
as above, and one small tire-hall, has developed into a well-
organized '-ystem of paid iiremen, with splendid equipments,
spacious lire-halls, and every necessary appliance. The old
fire-alarm by church bells, which kept up their clatter during
the continuance of the fire, has been superseded by the fire-
telegraph system, by which the location of the tire is instantly
indicated, and horses and waggons, ladders and hose, are ott' at
a moment's notice, while hydrants are ready for use at ever}'
point with a plentiful .supply of water.

The sanitarj' condition of tlie city may be known by the
introduction of water into every house, and conveniences pre-
viously uiilrnown, while drainage, sewerage, and all modern
facilities for ventilation, plumbing, asphalting and other improve-
luents, to ensure health and comfort in the home, were entirely
unknown forty-five years airo. The introduction of gas, bv the
present company, is also within this period, the oil lamps
formerly in use contrasting strongly with the present system
of gas and electric lighting.

Tlie twenty-two churches of 1847 have increased to nearl}'
200. The public buildings, con.sisting of the old P ..rliament
Block, Osgoode Hall and the City Hall, have multiplied so that
a special list is necessary to enumerate them, while hospitals,
homes for infants, boys and girls, incurables, and convalescents,
reformatories, refuges for the destitute, the infirm and need}', of
all classes, abound on every hand.

Toronto I'hom lbs7 to 1M)2.

28U

Uecrrage.

9i
.41"

ises and ex-
as supplied
nent, given

les supplied
nto a w'vW-
equipments,
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latter during
by the tire-
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all modern
her iniprove-
vvere entirely
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le oil lamps
esent system

ed to nearly
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plied so that
ile hospitals,
lonvalescents,
and needy, of

The hourly onniibus to Yorkville contrasts very strongly with
the present tram car system, extending over GS.4() miles, and
employing 1,480 horses and 750 men, with .SOO curs, while at
certain hours of the day tickets, of which eight are sold foi"
twenty-five cents, are available, while the maximum fare is five
cents. Other classes of tickets are sold at six for twenty-five
cents, or twenty-five for a dollar.

The system of transfer from one line to another an^'where, in
a continuous journey, is a decided boon to the citizens, and in
man}' respecte more advantageous to ^^ersons living at a
distance than even the low pi'nny fares in llritaiii, which are
increased on long distances. The testimony in favor of the
trolley system is so overwhelming, there is little doubt of its
being adopted for the present.

Whole districts which, in 1<S47, were either open connnons,
swamp, busli, or sand hills, have become our finest residential
streets, whose beautiful mansions are the admiration of all
visitors. Jarvis street was Just being lai<l out, and the writer
pressed to purchase the choice of lots at !?3 a foot. This was
the price paid by the late Messrs. John Han-ington and George
Morphy at that time, the lot of the former Vieing the same on
which the residence of tlie late H. E. Clarke, M.P.P., stands.
Sherbourne street was a sand hill, and almost impassable. There
was only one house in Parkdale, and the streets west of the
Queen's Park, including St. George street, and all the north-
western district could only boast of a solitary cottage here and
there in a vast expanse of open country.

The system of taking orders from samples of British goods
inaugurated by the writer as senior partner of the firm of
Taylor & Stevenson, before any commercial travellers' associa-
tion was thought of, and years before the railroads were opened,
has developed into enormous organizations, of which the Toronto
Association contains 3,290 members, and in the Dominion a
total of 7,000. The first commercial trunk, after the opening of
the railroads, was made for the writer by the late H. E. Clarke,
and to get an idea of the wonderful progress in this respect, a
visit to the baggage-room of the Union Station, with its immense

• ti

290

Toronto " Called Back."

1 1",'

i ^iy

! ^Ifii'

piles of commercial baggage, will show the development of this
branch of commerce.

The travel on our streets by public conveyances has grown
from the hourlv omnibus on Yonge street to Yorkville, into the
present tram-car system, while the half-dozen old-fashioned cabs
have given place to public carriages and coupes that will com-
pare with private carriages in style and appointments.

The three clerks in the old post office, and a solitary letter-
carrier (who only delivered letters not called for, and charged
one cent for each), have increased to a system of regular delivery
by an army of carriers, and a postal service, generally, the most
extensive in the Dominion.

The opening of new parks and gardens has changed the whole
appearance of the city, at once beautifying and health-giving.
The Island, then a sandy desert, has become a place of beauty,
and a charming resort of incalculable value to the citizens, and
has become a suburb of the city, at least for summer residences.

Having just left a city where its botanical gardens, public
squares and suburban residences in summer presented a blaze of
beauty, by the cultivation of flowers in the highest state of per-
fection, nothing struck the writer so forcibly, and with such a
feeling of the rude, uncultured, and unfinished appearance of
Toronto, as the entire absence of a single flower-bed. In this
respect the contrast is most striking. The rivalry at present
existing to show the best collections of flowers and flowering
plants, and the variety displayed in parks, gardens and private
grounds, as well as in conservatories, marks the wonderful
advance in refinement and taste, as well as the educational
tendency amongst the young people, and in addition the general
eflect in beautifying and adorning our streets and parks.

The telegraph system has had a marvellous development
throughout the Dominion, while the telephone ranks amongst
modern inventions as the most useful, and entirely undreamt of
forty-five years ago ; also the phonograph, although not ranking
amongst utilitarian discoveries, has added to the long list of
wonderful discoveries of science, which, if not all useful, are
valuable as affording pleasure and profitable amusement.

I' ;

Toronto from 18«7 to 1892.

291

aent of this

The introduction of electricity for purposes of lightinj^, and so
effective in street illumination, and its application to the propul-
sion 'f street cars, and shortly to be adopted in our city, is
undoubtedly the greatest revolution which has taken place
during the past forty-five years. The discovery of coal oil, and
its general use for domestic purposes a-, a substitute for gas or
candle light, and lastly the natural gas wells by which we are
surrounded, complete the list of wonderful discoveries and
accessions to the comfort and conveniences of life at present
enjoyed.

Buildings Lately Completed and in Course of

Construction.

Canada Life Assurance Co.
Traders Bank.

Confederation Life Assurance Co.
St. George's Society Hall.
Atheneuni.
Athletic Club.

Young Women's Christian Asso-
ciation Building.
Freehold Loan and Savings Co.

Vdung Women's Christian Guild Hall.
O.ldfellows' Hall.
Upper Canada ColUege.
iSanatorium, Deer Paik.
Municipal Buildings.
Parliament Buildings.
Victoria Club.
Drill 8hed.

Forty-Eighth Highlanders.

The enrolment of a Hifrhland Regiment, under the command
of Lieut.-Colonel J. I. Davidson, will be a memorable event in
the history of 1892, and gives immense satisfaction to citizens
of all nationalities, and will prove another guarantee of the
loyalty of Canadians to their own country, and their deter-
mination to defend the Empire against all attempts to destroy
its integrity. Highland volunteers are not the material out of
which annexationists are made.

Death of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.

Honorable Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G., died at Gov-
ernment House, Toronto, on 24th May, 1892.

(t1> ■

292

Toronto " Called Back.'

Iik4\

Appointment of the New Lieutenant-Governor of

Ontario.

Lieutenaut-Colonel Honorable Georrre A. Kirkpatrick was
appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario by Order-in-Council.
at Ottawa, on tlie 80th May, and was sworn in by the Governor-
General, the same day.

The Founders of Toronto's Greatness.

It is asserted by some that the land is the source of all
wealth, and again that labor alone creates capital, while other;^
argue that capital is that which creates capital. Neither of
these propositions, however, is true in the abstract. The soil
would be unproductive without labor, and labor equally so
without skill, and both ineffectual to promote prosperity in a
community without capital, to set in motion the forces of the
other elements. All allied harmoniously together are necessary
to secure greatness. In this application of industry and enter-
prise to the mercantile and manufacturing interests of Toronto,
capital has been created, employment has been given to labor,
and all classes have, in their own spheres, contributed to the
general prosperity.

There is no city in the world of its size that can boast of more
.self-made men. The employees of yesterday have become the
employers of to-day, and even those who have never engaged in
industrial pursuits have, by the indastry of others, indirectly
reaped the benefit in the enhancement of the value of their
property.

To " rise in the world " is a proper ambition. \' oung men, as
well as old, are tempted to think this the chief thing to be
aimed at, and toil in the belief that no one can be fairly said to
have " risen " unless his pockets are well filled.

Among these devotees a mighty fuss is made about the man
who has got to the " top of the tree," in forgetfulness of the
alternative that possibly the ground at its foot is the best place
for security, to say nothing of the fruit which may be picked
up there. Neverthele.ss, the man who can fill his purse is looked

Toronto ii'.o.m 1S.S7 to Ls92.

'IW

up to with honor and regard. He lives respected, and he <lies:
regretted. After his death he is spoken of as one who was
" worth " HO much. The man who afi'ects to despise wealth is
often a faihire. The lucre standing to his neighbor's account in
the bank is " filthy," but he would not be afraid of dirtying his
own cheque book and purse with it.

The " love " of money may be the root of all evil, but money
itself, properly used, in a civilized country, is a power which no
one will despise.

A sixpence is not a large capital, Imt it is a ciutlit when
earned, and a shame if stolen. Work is good, and it is a great
thing to have work recognized and paid for.

When a man distinctly contributes to the wealth of the world
by making a morass into a garden, or the construction of a
road, or by planting trees, he has a right to receive recognition
in the shape of that medium which expresses wealth and worth.

Amongst those who have contributed to Toronto's greatness,
the mercantile and manufactuririij firms referred to in these
pages have undoubtedly the first claim, both by creating
wealth, and diffusing it in the community.

The Manufacture of Pianos in Toronto.

In a work professing to give a sketch of the wonderful
growth and progress of Toronto, and the development of itS
manufacturing industries, and also of its present character as
a "musical city," nothing can be more appropriate than to
refer to the manufacture of musical instruments, and especially
of pianos.

No better evidence of the advancement of Toronto in wealth,
culture and refinement could be found than in the existence in
her midst of extensive establishments for this branch of manu-
facture, and in the prospect of constantly increasing demand.

The specimens sent to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition in
1886 must have removed every trace of misconception as to
the state of society in the Queen City of the West, and have
shown a state of educational refinement that no other class of
exhibits could possibly do. These pianos found ])urchaser.s

■

^^Hffl

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■>

Ili1

NEW lioAKl) OF TKAUE r.L'ILDIMi, TOKONTO.

Toronto from 1SS7 to 1S92.

2JJ5

amongst the best judges in Great Britain, and are now being
used in the highest circles of musical society, including Windsor
Castle and other abodes of Royalty.

The Nordheimer Manufacturing Oo. (Limited).

(L.vTE Lansdownk Piano Co.)

Messrs. A. & S. Nordheimer having acfiuircd such high repu-
tation for American pianos of the most celebrated makers, for
whom thev have been the exclusive agents, amongst which are
the Chickering, Stodart & Dunham, the Steinway, Haines Si
Gabler, they, notwithstanding the high rate of duty, their cus-
tomers being willing to pay the higher prices so as to secure an
instrument of first-class (juality and excellence (some of these
pianos having been in use for forty years), still continue to
supply these instruments.

Nevertheless, to meet the demand for instruments less expen
sive, and yet such as they could recommend, they established
the present firm for the purpose.

Their capital being practically unlimited, and their facilities
unsurpassed, a bright future is in prospect for the company,
and another star is added to the galaxy of Toronto's manu-
facturing establi-shments.

In addition to other advantages possessed by this firm, with
its great manufacturing facilities, they have secured several
important additions to their staff, including one of New York's
best tune and action regulators.

Hitherto the success of the Nordheimer Manufacturing Co.
has far exceeded their expectations, and, according to the judg-
ment of competent connoisseurs, they seem destined to play a
prominent role in the manufacture of pianos in Toronto.

The name of Nordheimer being associated with the highest
class of musical instruments from the Atlantic to the Pacific, is
itself a guarantee that nothing inferior will be shipped from
their establishments. With branches in Montreal, Ottawa,
Hamilton and London, all orders can be promptly executed.

Those wishing to .secure a first-class instrument can do so by

»'^

t ■

»' i.

ill ! I'i

29 G

ToiioNTo 'Cali.ed Back."

visitirif^ any of their v'arerooms, or ordering direct, as the fullest
reliance may bo placed on the hi^h and long-established repu-
tation of the firm.

Samuel Nordiieimer, Esq.,

the surviving partner of the firm of A. »te S. Nordheimer, is at
present the only living representative of the prominent men
who, half a century ago, were the loading business men of King
Street. His personal influence had much to do with the build-
ing up of this extensive business, and the impetus given to the
musical taste of the people not only of Toronto but of the
Dominion. The first-class artists and musical stars who have
visited Toronto since the time of Jenny Lind have been brought
here chiefly through Messrs. Nordheimers' unwearied attention
in inducing them to come to Toronto, and when here in making
their performances successful.

Nor have Mr. Nordheimers enterprise and influence been
confined to the promotion of a musical taste of a high order,
but in public and private his eflforts have been directed to pro-
mote the prosperity of the city. The building owned by the
Canada Permanent Building Society on Toronto Street is a
monument to his enterprise, having been built when the sur-
roundings were most unpromising, and it is owing greatly to
the start then given that the street owes much of its present
beauty and magnificent buildings.

Mr. Nordhekner has occupied a large number of prominent
positions in the city, having been for many years President of
the Federal Bank, Vice-Preside'^t and Director of the Canada
Permanent Building and Loan Company, Director of the Con-
federation Life Association, and for a length of time President
of the Philharmonic Society.

Glenedyth,

The seat of Samuel Nordheimer, Esc|., is undoubtedly the finest
private mansion in Toronto or vicinity. The situation is
unequalled, except by the residence of the late Senator Mac-
donald on the same elevation.

The grounds of both are extensive and picturesque ; those of

eimer, is at
linent men
len of King
I the build-
liven to the
but of the
5 who have
jen brought
id attention
3 in making

: prominent

President of

the Canada

f the Con-

e President

SAMUEL NORDIIEIMER, ESQ.,
Consul Oennan Empire.

iiV

:*!

ToRON'lO FROM 1887 TO lb92.

297

Mr. Nordheimer comprise forty acres, beautifully wooded, and
with winding drives and grassy terraces remind the visitor of
the finest of English demesnes and ancestral halls. The house
is superbly furnished, and the entrance hall, lighted from a
dome, is strikingly beautiful in its finish and arrangement,
while drawing rooms, dining room, and boudoirs are gems of
artistic decoration.

The view from the front extends over the whole city and
across tlie lake to the Falls of Niagara.

Mr. Albert Nordheimer,

son of Mr. Abraham Nordheimer, the senior partner of the
original firm, has succeeded liis father in the general busines.s,
including the Nordheimer Manufacturing Company. He is
an accomplished musician, having been highly educated in
England and on the Continent. He promises to be quite as
popular and successful as his late father, and to attain to a
high position in Toronto.

Octavius Newcombe & Co.

While it is the glory of Toronto that her wealthy citiztjns
are chiefiy those who have attained to their independent posi-
tion by their own industry or that of their parents, there are
a few who have contributed to her progress by bringing with
their families the means possessed in the old land, for the
purpose of investment here to better advantage.

Amongst these, that of the Newcombe family may be men-
tioned. From a home in Devonshire, surrounded with
every comfort, and even luxury, they removed to this
city, and here have always occupied an honorable position,
not deriving all the advantages from their investments, which
they had a right to expect, l)Ut invariably rising above
circumstances.

Brain and muscle are perhaps the most important elements
in building up a new colonization, but when to these are

f1 '"■

298

Toronto "Called PJack."

added substantial capital, with the concomitants of skill and
enterprise, giving employment to labor and circulating money
amongst all classes, then the highest advantages accrue to
the community.

The history of Toronto would not be complete without
some reference to the late Mrs. Newcombe, the mother of the
family — a lady combining the highest culture with shrewd
foresight and decision of character.

On the death of Mr. Newcombe, considering that the pros-
pects for a large family would be better in a new country, Mrs.
Newcombe having to choose between Australia, where her sons
Henry and Doctor William Newcombe were then in good
positions, and Canada, decided in favor of the latter, and on
Toronto as their future home.

Besides the benefits the city derives from the business enter-
prise of the Newcombe brothers, the connections of the family
with ])r. Barrick and Mr. Alfred Mason have still further
extended their advantages, by investments in elegant resi-
dences, and in every way contributing to the wealth and
prosperity of the city.

The other brothers. Doctor James Newcombe and Doctor
William Newcombe, were well known in the medical profes-
sion, the former for many years as Professor of Surgery in
Victoria College, and as having a very extensive practice in
Toronto, subsequently returning to England to reside, though
still having a large investment in real estate in this city.

The benefits to accrue to Toronto bj'' inducing more of the
wealthy families of the old world to make Toronto their home
are incalculable, and cannot be enjoyed without special efforts.

Toronto has for some time been recognized as the musical
and educational centre of Canada, and associated with its
development in this respect has been the rapid extension of
pianoforte manufacture, so that the trade of the Dominion may
be said to l»e controlled from this city. One of the most exten-
sive establishments of this kind is that of Octavius Newcombe
& Co., who, commencing with ample capital, thorough financial
training, and a desire to produce instruments of exceptional

iiness enter-
; the family
^till further
levant resi-
wealth and

OCTAVIUS NEWCOMBK, ES(,).

\r '

■I II

e
I

TOIIOXTO FROM 18S7 TO 1H92.

299

artistic merit, have acquired lari^e interests in this city in
extensive warerooms, and a splendid factory — a model in its
arrangement and application of the latest and best modern
machinery and appliances. As a result of these advantages

o
as

/^,

the reputation and sale of the ' Nevvconihe " pianos have been
extended not only throughout the Dominion of Canada, but to
England, the United States, Australia, and Japan. In interna-
tional awards, the " Newcombe " pianos secured First Silver

i"* 1' ' '

\4p

300

Toronto 'Called Back."

Medal at the World's Exposition, New Orleans, IJ.S.A., 1884-85,
in competition with the pianos of Europe and America. At
ihe London (Eng.) Exhibition, in 18S6, they received Medal
and Diploma, and a " Newcombe " Grand, selected for Her
Majesty the Queen by Sir Arthur Sullivan, was pronounced
" The Gem of the Exhibition." They have received numerous
first prizes at exhibitions in Canada, and the most emphatic
endorsation from artists and purchasers for superiority in tone
and durability. To the efforts of the two brothers, Henry and
Octavius Newcombe, who constitute the firm, assisted by a
superior stafi' of artisans in the various departments, is the
uniform success of this enterprise attributable since its first
inception in 1871. Mr. Henry Newcombe's thorough business
education in England, and wide experience in commercial life
in Canada, no doubt fitted him to assist in the conduct of this
enterprise which has developed with rapid strides since he
joined his brother in 1879. At that time the pianofortes sold
in Canada were chiefly imported from the United States, but
within a decade the t ie was revolutionized, so that to-day
few instruments are imported into Canada either from Europe
or the United States, while an increasing export trade is being
done from Canada to other countries. It lias been stated that
a manufacturer of plan -fortes has no clpmi to first rank who
has not made a success of his Grand pianos. This maj' be
understood from the fact that the difficulties to be met wit4i
in the construction of a satisfactory square or upright are not
to be compared with the exacting demands which a first-class
Grand is required to meet. It is in this highest type — the
prince of instruments — that the Newcombes have attained*
their greatest success. The " Newcombe " Grand pianos are
therefore found not only in many of the richest homes in
Canada, but in the chief palace of the Queen — Windsor Castle
— and have been used in public and private by the greatest
artists in the old and new world.

The subjoined letter, selected from a large number, is inter-
esting, as evidencing the great durability of the " Newcombe "
pianos under the most adverse circumstances, and as showing

I.H

.., 1884-85,
erica. At
'ed Medal
1 for Her
renounced
numerous
, emphatic
ity in tone
Benry and
sted by a
nts, is the
3e its first
h business
[lercial life
net of this
i since he
)fortes sold
States, but
hat to-day
om Europe
,de is being
stated that
t rank who
lis may be
e met witii
ght are not
I first-class

type — the
^e attained*
pianos are

homes in
,dsor Castle
he greatest

• ■

, y .1 '

-, ■ _.

• A. ^HHk

'mHIV

' ■ ^

^ ' '1

J, ■•

' ' ' . ■

1 ■' ■'',

' ■ ■■'),! f

HENKV NKWCOMHK, ES(,).

er, is inter-
*^ewcombe "
as showing

{

B
V
C

a
C

Toronto from 1887 to i^92.

.SOI

that their superior musical qualities are recognized wherever
the pianos may go : —

Yanxuivkk. .hmuiiiy 12tli, 18".»2.

Messrs. OcTAVius Nkwcombe t^: Co.,

Gentlemen, — You will remember the i)luasuru I expressed un the
arrival, now nearly four years ago, oi the Newcombe u|)rif^ht i»iano that
I ordered from you for my residence in Sydney, Australia. For tlie second
time it has made its journey acnjss the Pacific, having travelled a distance
of over 30,000 miles since it has left your factory.

Its appearance and tone are both perfectly pauserved, and the excel-
lence of the latter particularly admired by everyone who has tried it both
in Australia and in Canada, for its richness and sustained or singing
quality. Notwithstanding the vicissitudes of its tremendous journeys by
sea and land, and being subjected to the extreme changes of climate and
the rigors of the Northern Hemisphere, to exposure for years in the
Southern Hemisphere, it returns again to the former witluiut a single
mishap or fault.

Under such circumstances you will understanil how well satisfied 1
have been in my choice of a " Newcombe" upright piano, and that as the
selection was left with you 1 deem it only my duty to place in your hands
what I believe to be the very best possible evidence of the exceptional
durability and sterling excellence d£ your instruments.

Yours truly,

M. M. Fkasek.

Though their factory and head office are in Toronto, they
have branch establishments in Montreal and Ottawa, and their
success at the Capital in recent years has been phenomenal,
attributable in part to the acknowledged superiority of their
Grand pianos.

: t

i i

Hi' I

302

Toronto " Called Back."

The Queen's Hotel,

founded by Captain Thomas Dick in 1SG2, received its name,
no doubt, from the well-known loyalty of its founder, and
while a " rose by any other name would smell as sweet," there
is an appropriateness in this being applied to the leading hotel
in the Queen City of the West that will always strike a
traveller, especially from Britain. This attachment to every-
thing appertaining to royalty was further evidenced by Capt.
Dick in the name uiven to the steamer built for him on the
Clyde, which he called Her Majesty.

QUEEN'S HOTEL, TORONTO.

The writer crossed to England with
place the contract, and when all had
steamer was on her way out, she was
was regarded as a matter of great
Captain, but by all Toronto citizens.

From the commencement the aim
provide a comfortable home for his

him when, going over to
been completed, and the
unfortunately lost. This
regret, not only by the

of Captain Dick was to
guests, as distinguished

I !

Toronto from 18.S7 to 1802.

.so;?

its name,
nder, and
eet," there
dinj;- hotel
5 strike a
to every-
l by Capt.
lim on the

)ing over to
;ed, and the
T lost. This
Dnly by the

)iek was to
istinguished

from the "caravansary" style of most hotels in America, ami in
this he was most successful, even to the minutest detail. The
present proprietors, Messrs. McGaw \: Winnett, have followed
up the original design, making constant improvements in every
department. This popular hotel has recently been renovated
and changed in many respects from the Hrst to the third story
A year ago its elegant and commodious ilining-room was very
handsomely frescoed. During the last three months many of
the parlors, corridors, and halls ha\'e lieen tastefully decorated
and painted. New private staircases have been fitted up in the
Queen Anne style. Each landing has a magnificent stained
glass window, and as one ascends these uni(|ue windings the
idea must Hash upon him that he has mistaken the Queen's
Hotel, and is ensconced in some baronial hall. The halls and
corridors have all been relaid with costly and luxurious carpets.
When all these changes arc added to the previous conniiodious
and handsomely furnished drawing-rooms and bcdrooir.s, witli
bathrooms, to say nothing of the fine suites of rooms which
were fitted up for the Princess Louise and the Marquis of
Lome on the occasion of their first visit to Toronto, as well as
other .suites that were prepare<l several years ago, in a magni-
ficent style, for the reception of the Grand Duke Alexis, then
heir-apparent to the crown of Russia — the Queen's stands un-
rivalled in this respect by any hotel in the Dominion, and as
regards the cuisinerle and the daily meiin, nothing is left to be
desired.

Need we wonder, then, that the (^Hieen's is largely patronized,
not only by guests of the first standing from all parts of the
Dominion, but also from the L^nited States, England, and the
Continent. In May, INSO, their Roj-al Highnesses Prince
Leopold and Princess Louise occupied a suite of apartments at
the Queen's. His Excellency the Earl of Dufierin, Governor-
General, and the Countess of Dufierin also occupied apartments
at this hotel, and in 1890 His Royal Highnes.-, Prince Arthur, the
Duchess of Connaught and suite, and the Earl and Countess of
Aberdeen and a large number of distinguished guests, the
latest being Madame Adelina Patti.

304

ToiiONTO "Called Back."

i|i,t J!u' J

! I

The situation is delightful, commanding a splendid view of
Toronto Bay and Lake Ontario, and from its proximity to that
splendid sheet of water, the cool breezes can be enjoyed all
through the summer, making it a most desirable resort for
visitors from the south.

The beautiful grounds around are both spacious and airy,
and with croquet and chevalier lawns, nothing more pleasant
couM be desired by business men, pleasure seekers or tourists.
The Queen's is furnished with all the latest modern improve-
ments, having a handsome passenger elevator and electric bells,
and in addition will be found the most polite attention to every
wish of its guests.

The building being only three stories high, covering a large
area of ground, and used exclusively as a hotel, having lawns
on either side, with means of exit from the house, in addition to
those in front and rear, renders it almost impossible for an ac-
cident to take place from tire, and consequently the Queen's is
looked upon as the safest hotel in the Dominion of Canada, and
is regarded with pride by the citizens of Toronto as an estab-
lishment worthy of a great city.

"The Red Parlor."

Visitors to the Menai Bridge in Wales staying at the George
Hotel, where thousands of tourists every season enjoy the
facilities for driving, boating and fishing provided for guests,
and where, only with the exception of Greenwich, a dinner
of " white bait " can be obtained, are invariably shown the
room and bed in which the Duke of Wellington once slept.
Wherever the history of the late Sir John A. Macdonald is
read, the Red Parlor of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto, as the
reception room of the suite of apartments he always occupied,
will be historical. From the time he gave up his private
residence in Toronto and removed to EarnsclifFe, the Queen's
Hotel was his Toronto home, and the centre of his Ontario
receptions. Here the most important deputations, represent-
ing the various interests of the country, whether local or
general, were received, with all the dignity and courtesy of

1 view of
iy to that
ijoyed all
resort for

and airy,
pleasant
■ tourists,
iraprove-
itric bells,
I to every

ig a large
ng lawns
ddition to
'or an ac-
iueen's is
nada, and
an estab-

le George
jnjoy the
or guests,

a dinner
tiown the
nee slept.
;donald is
io, as the

occupied,
s private
e Queen's
s Ontario
represent-
• local or
'urtesy of

? 1

I - 11

•S

THOMAS M((;A\V, i:s(,).,

Kx-Cominotluir Toronto Vaclil Club.

T0R0:-<T0 FROM 18s7 TO 1892.

305

the gifted and accon^plished statesman, and none were ever
treated with indifference or neglect. His promises were always
fulfilled to the letter, and every visitor was charmed with his
affability.

Thomas McGaw, Esq.,

Ex-Commodore, Toronto Yacht Club.

The senior partner in the Queen's Hotel, is a native Canailian
of Scotch descent.

After a short career in mercantile life commenced at the early
age of twenty-one, Mr. McGaw left Canada for the United
States, where he might have remained had not the circumstances
connected with the American War awakened his temporarily
dormant enthusaism in favor of home and native land. The
threats of those with whom he was surrounded, of vengeance
against Great Britain, during the excitement of the " Trent
Affair," in case Mason and Slidell's surrender were in-sisted on
by England, decided Mr. McGaw in returning to Toronto.

Twenty-nine years ago he embarked his fortune with the late
Captain Thomas Dick, in establishing the Queen's Hotel, and
his history since that time is bound up with its progress and
wonderful success. He became from the first its acknowledged
head and moving spirit.

With a manner calculated to attract every visitor, unremit-
ting attention to every want and wish, a busine.ss tact in enter-
ing into every detail to insure the comfort and convenience of
guests, and to produce a home feeling, and a liberality which
knows no petty economy, every thing has tended under his
management to build up a largely increasing business and add
to the widely extending fame of the Queen's Hotel on both
sides of the Atlantic.

Mr. McGaw has always taken a prominent part in athletic
and aquatic sports. As President of the " roaring game " of
Curling, he has been honored by the gift of a full size oil
portrait of himself ; and as Commodore of the Toronto Yacht
Club, he has for years patronizeil and encouraged the aijuatic
sports on Toronto Bay.

30ti

Toronto "Called Back.'

The popularity of Mr. McGaw i.s unbounded, hi.s friends are
legion, and all ranks of ro^'alty and noV)ility, of commercial,
political and agricultural representative men, are numbered
amongst his friends and patrons.

! <

I-;

Mr. Henry Winnett,

Partner of Mr. McGaw, is favorably known not only in connec-
tion with the Queen's Hotel, in Toronto, but also with that
popular resort, the " Queen's Royal ' Hotel, in Niagara-on-the-
Lake, to which Mr. Winnett devotes his time and attention
during the summer months.

Arrival of the Duke and Duchess of Connaught.

On the 29th of May, 1890, His Royal Highness Prince
Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and the Duchess of Connaught,
with their suite, having chosen the route from India via Van-
couver and the Canadian Pacific Railway, arrived in Toronto,
and remained for several days at the Queen's Hotel. Their
time was fully occupied in recci\ing addresses and visiting the
public institutions of the city. One of the most interesting
incidents of their visit was the review of the Queen's Own
Rifles, the Royal Grenadiers and the Army and Navy Veterans
in front of the Queen's Hotel, the inmiense crowd that collected
to witness the scene being kept back by ropes. His Royal
Highness conversed with the veterans individually, shaking
hands with each, and as a number had served under him in
India, personal recollections were brought up and the utmost
loyalty and aflectionate regard was displayed by the veterans
towards His Royal Highness.

On the 12th June their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess and party left QueVtec for England by the Allan Royal
Mail steamer »SVov/Mn'(/??, accompanied by the Dukes military
secretary, General McNeill and suite.

Copy of letter from His Royal Highness Prince Arthur,
Duke of Connaught, enclosing his photograph :

i t

lends are
inuiurcial,
QUinbered

in connec-

with that

ra-on-thi.'-

attention

a,ught.

ess Prince
;ionnauglit,
a via Yan-
m Toronto,
tel. Their

i siting the
interesting
een's Own
y Veterans
it collecteil
His RoyiU
shaking

er him in
le utmost

e veterans

Duke and
hin Royal
military

;e Arthur,

HIS KO\AL IIIC.IINESS I'RINCE ARTIHK,
Duke of C'iniKiiiiflil

h • i

^. u, i

Toronto from 1887 to 1802.

807

Buckingham Palace, London, Nov. 24-th, 1891.

Sir, — In reply to your letter to the Duke of Connaught
requesting a photograph of His Royal Highness, for another
edition of your work, Toronto " Called Back," I am desired by
His Royal Highness to forward you the enclosed photograph.

I am, sir, yours faithfully,

(Signed) Alfred Egekton,

Colonel, Comptroller of the
HoiiseholJ to H. R. II. the Luke of Connaiu/hf.

Rossin House.

The interest connected with any institution contemporaneous
with the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, especially in a
young city like Toronto, must be enhanced as year by yeav the
celebration of Her M« jesty's birthday marks another revolu-
tion in the wheel of time.

The Rossin House is one of the few eMablishments that
possess a history of half a century, althoagii it had not assumed
its present nanie till IS.^S.

Sine ! that time, although once burned down, and having to
establish a reputation as a first-class hotel, when in the absence
of all railroad travelling and comparatively few visitors to the
city, it has kept steady pace with the expansion of I isines.s
enterprise and the development of railways and the consequent
increase of travelling, both for business and pleasure.

Now travellers from all parts of the world find their way to
its precincts, and have their highest expectations fully realized
in the comforts and conveniences it attbrds.

Distinguished visitors from Great Britain and the United
States have here been entertained from time to time.

In 1860, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, having
made Government House his temporary residence, the mem-
bers of his suite occupied apartments in the Ro.ssin House.

The same suite of rooms has been occupied by Prince Alfred,
Duke of Edinburgh, and in 1880 the late Prince Leopold, Duke

308

Toronto "Called Back."

of Albaiiy, on his return visit from the Western States, with
his suite, registered at the Rossin House,

Lord DufFerin and his party also occupied the same rooms,
and amongst other distinguished guests have been many re-
nowned artists, including Mrs. Langtry and Adelina Patti.

The last few years have seen this hotel making greater
advances than ever and a more widely extending reputation.

This is due to the energy of the present proprietorship, that
was assumed about four years ago.

KO.SSIN HOUSE, rORONTO.

The building is now the property of the Rossin Hotel Com-
pany, from whom it is leased by Captain Abner Nelson, who is
ably assisted in the management by his brother, Mr. Alexander
Nelson.

The Messrs. Nelson brought to the Rossin House an experi-
ence gained in connection with their proprietorship of the
International Hotel in Halifax. Since they have taken control
of the Rossin PTouse, whatever capital, enterprise, and experi-
ence can do to make a hotel successful has been done.

;ates, with

me rooms,
many re-
Patti.

ig greater
atation.
rship, that

otel Com-
ion, who is
Alexander

an experi-
ip of the
en control
id oxperi-

TOROXTO FROM 18s7 TO 1S92.

309

There are few hotels in Canada or the United States which
equal the Rossin House for accommodation.

The number of its bedrooms is two hundred and fifty, all
furnished in first-class style, while its drawing-rooms and
boudoirs are perfectly sumptuous in their artistic decorations
and furniture. Suites of apartments have been provided for
families, with bath rooms and every convenience for comfort.
The general arrangement of the house may be said to be com-
plete in every detail. A handsome passenger elevator afibrds
easy access to every fioor, in addition to which we find stair-
ways leading from the topmost story to the ground floor.

At night the heads of these points of egress are distinguished
by red lamps, so that guests have only to approach one to find
a way to the open street, or to one of the patent fire escape
ladders, with which the building is abundantly supplied, and
which aflfords to guests the most perfect security.

"he sanitary arrangements are perfect, and the cuisinerie
Unexceptional, and the situation most central, convenient, and
commanding. The ventilation of the building is thorough and
complete.

In addition to these tjeneral features so essential to the
character of a first-class hotel, the Messrs. Nelson have ex-
pended not merely a large amount of capital but they have
called into ref[uisition the greatest decorative tastes. All the
more important rooms have been placed under the adorning
inriuence of the decorator, who has transformed them one by
one into apartments of elegance and beauty. Passing up the
main staircase one conies to the dining-room, where great
expense has been lavishes! on the decoration. From a large,
featureless apartment it has developed into a noble " salle a
manger," treated in relief materials of original design. The
walls have a high wainscot, finished in pressed leather effect,
above which in the spaces between the windows are trophies of
arms in antique metal etiects. The whole tone of color is warm,
and the cheerfulness is greatly enhanced by the beautiful
stained glass windows which cast their rich colors across the
room. Perhaps the most gratifying experience in the dining-
room is obtained at the tables.

310

Toronto "Called Back."

On the walls of the reception room are five tapestries, six feet
by eight, all copies of these famous scenes : Gorman Student
Boy, from original design of Windsor tnpestry, by Paul Ander-
son ; Apollo, from the original in Antw^Tr- gal'ery, by Rubens ;
Courtiers of Henry IV.'s Reign, by Sully ; Lady of Sixteenth
Century, from the original in Po gallery, Austria ; Departure
for the Wars. The room is treated in rich, sombre coloring,
harmonizing finely with the tones used in the tapestries. Plate
glass windows in one sheet, with rich stained and leaded
transom lights, have taken the place of the former windows.

The drawing-room is decorated in the French style of the
First Empire. The ceiling is divided into a large oval panel,
and two smaller panels formed with delicate mouldings and
graceful ornament. The walls are also thrown into panels with
ornamental heads, all in specially modelled designs. The color
scheme is cream and gold, with relieving touches of other color.
The woodwork is finished in ivory enamel surface. For both
the drawing and reception-rooms magnificent Axminster carpets
have been purchased, and very elaborate furniture and window
draperies, and portieres of appropriate designs are being
prepared. When this room is complete it will certainly surpass
any room of the kind in Canada, and will doubtless be a favor-
ite resort for the travelling public.

»-,

British America Fire and Marine Assurance Co.

This is the oldest established Fire and Marine Assurance
Company in Canada, having been incorporated in 1833, even
before Toronto became a city.

The building owned by the Company, and in which their
business is transacted, is the finest specimen of architecture
belonging to any company in Canada.

The interior, comprising the business and private offices have
lately been decorated in the highest style of art, and are a credit
to the Company and the city of Toronto, besides enhancing the
value of the property.

These decorations are worthy of a special description, which
is here given.

ies, six feet
in Student
'aul Ander-
)y Rubens ;
Sixteenth

Departure
:-e coloring,
iries. Plate
and leaded
/indows.
style of the

oval panel,
ildings and

panels with
The color

other color.
;. For both
ister carpets
and window
are being
inly surpass
; be a favor-

nce Co.

Assurance
1833, even

which their
architecture

offices have
are a credit
hancing the

ition, which

JOHN MORISON, ESQ.,
Governor British America Assurance Co.

[argest & Best Equipped
Establishment or the kind in Canada

Silitoiraphinti k

''^f^/f

/ME LINDA-*

TbjRONTO,

pNE^i^RT Publishers,

Stone (St Wood Engravers.

M'^RS.a Importers, or High Class Advertising Novelt

lES

Toronto from 1887 to 18'J2.

311

The ceiling of the Board Room is fresco, in the style of Louis
XV. The flower festoons and large corner ornaments are
painted, and outlined with gold. At each end of the ceiling is
a group of four symbolic figures arranged under a canopy
suspended from the ornamentation in the centre of the ceiling.

The frieze orntynentation and the walls correspond with the
ceiling, and are finished in solid gold bronze. The woodwork
is of walnut, highly polished.

The main offices are very elegant, the ceiling is frescoed in
the modern Renais.sance style, in panels with painted mouldings.
The four large panels at the corners of the ceiling have painted
in each a symbolic figure. In two lozenge-shaped panels at
the sides are the Eoyal Arms, and Arms of the Britisli America
Fire and Marine Assurance Co., and in the large semi-circular
panel at the south end is painted the Red Lion of Scotland.

The frieze and 'valls correspond with the ceiling, and are
artistically beautiful.

The ceiling of the Governor's room is decorated in the French
Renaissance style. The centre is painted to represent clouds,
over which in delicate tracery is a representation of a spider
web.

In the panels at the four corners are figures representing the
four seasons.

There are also four circular panels on which are painted the
" Royal Arms," and the Arms of the Company, the effect being
very beautiful.

The frieze and walls correspond with the ceiling.

These splendid decorations are the work of Mr. R. J. Hovenden,
of this city.

The policies issued by this Company are most liberal and
comprehensive.

All kinds of property are insured, and losses promptly adjusted
without litigious delay.

The deservedly high reputation of this Company is a guaran-
tee of honorable and satisfactory arrangements, and the large
capital and economical management ensure a successful busi-
ness in the future, as has been its history in the past.

ft'

312

Toronto "Called Back."

The head office is at the corner of Front and Scott Streets.

Directorate : Thos. Long, T. H. Purdom, John Morison, jun.,
Hugh Robertson, M.D., A. Myers, G, M. Kinghorn, John M.
Whiton. J. Morison, Governor ; John Y. Reid, Deputy-Gover-
nor ; W. H. Banks, Assistant-Secretary ; P. H. Sims, General
Affent for Canada.

Toronto Lithographing Co.

No modern art has accomplished such practical resuHs in the
commercial world as the art of lithography. Manufacturers,
merchants, builders, public companies and corporations, all
alike, have recourse to its varied and beautiful productions to
inform the public of their ability to supply all their wants and
wishes. The perfection to which the Toronto Lithographing
Company has attained is something marvellous. The beauty of
their designs, and skill of execution, with the exquisite color-
ing of their pictures, are equal to the finest productions of oil
or water-color drawing, with the advantage of printing from
the same stone an almost unlimited number of copies.

In addition to the pictorial advertisements so profusely illus-
traved, and which adorn windows and counting-houses, the not
less useful work of printing forms of every description for
bank», offices and warehouses, is quickly executed to order.

The Company, from a small beginning in 1870, has grown to
such proportions as to require the full half of tho Globe building
to carry on its work. The entrance is on Jordan Street, where
elegantly-fitted offices admit to the various departments. In
these are employed about one huntlred hands, and the various
processes of the work display an amount of enterprise, which
would do credit to any city in the world. The success of the
business is due to the general manager, Mr. William Stone, Mr.
F. W. Heath, and Mr. Wm. C. Jephcott, the proprietors.

The business extends over the whole Dominion, and as the
best artists and specialists are employed in each department,
the work produced is of the highest character, and cannot be
excelled.

Among the many specimens of their work to be seen scattered

ott Streets,
orison, jun.,
n, John M.
»uty-Gover-
ns, General

sufts in the
lufacturers,
rations, all
ductions to
wants and
hographing
e beauty of
isite color-
tions of oil
nting from

usely illus-
368, the not
ription for
order.
s grown to
be building
reet, where
ments. In
die various
rise, which
;ess of the
Stone, Mr.
)rs.

ind as the
epartment,
cannot be

n scattered

':m

(^Ic jiAf/(^ /e/cUfi, (//k • ^T)' .

Supreme Chief Ranger, I O. F.

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

313

through Canada, several worthy of special mention, are a life-
size portrait reproduction of an oil painting of Dr. Oron-
hyatekha, in the uniform of S. C. R. I. O. F. Another is that
of the late Sir John A. Macdonald, also reproduced in full
colors, from an oil painting. The Canadian Pacific Railway
Company have just issued a large chromo-lithograjjh of their
new Pacific steamship Empresa of India. The picture is
30x44 inches in size, and is printed in thirteen colors. It is
certainly a work of art, and worthy a place in any office or
library. This work is also by the Toronto Lithographing
Company, to whom great credit is due, as we understand they
secured the order in competition with the largest and best
English and American houses. Sketches in oil were submitted
from London and New York, and the fact that the painting
chosen was made by one of the Toronto Lithographing Com-
pany's own arti.sts, and a Canadian, is another proof that Cana-
dians can hold their own against the world. This order is
perhaps the largest that was ever placed in Canada, and we
feel glad to know that we have a concern in this city which
can command the work for our own country.

In the wood engraving department the very finest work is
turned out, making the Toronto Lithographing Company's
establishment the most complete for plant, equipment, manage-
ment and execution on the continent of America.

Oronhyatekha, M.D.

This distinguished Canadian affords a striking illustration of
how ability combined with integrity win for their possessor
recognition, honor and influence, apart from the adventitious
aids of birth or fortune. He also very happily demonstrates
in his remarkable career that the elements that jjo to form the
noblest types of character are not confined to any one race.
And taking him as a representative of the natives of the
American continent, they prove themselves capable of as high
a mental and moral development as the Europeans. At j)resent
Dr. Oronhyatekha stands not only at the head of v-hat is

314

Toronto "Called Back."

r'r

■ t hi

allowed to be the most successful of the fraternal and bene-
ficiary societies, but by common consent he is regarded as the
first " society " man in America. The doctor is in the prime
of life, having only recently passed his fiftieth birthday. He
first saw the light near Brantford, Ont. An Indian of the
Mohawk nation he takes the liveliest interest in all that con-
cerns the welfare of "his own people." He received a liberal
and professional education in Kenyon College, Ohio, and Oxford,
England. At the latter famous seat of learning he was the
protege of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales. As a physician he
bade fair to win fame and fortune, but his devotion to Inde-
pendent Forestry led him to neglect his practice. And new
all his time is enthusiastically devoted to the interests of the
great Order of which he is not oil}' the founder, but the able
and trusted supreme executive officer. The phenomenal
growth of " The Independent Order of Foresters," in the past
few years, is the best possible proof not only of the soundness
of the principles of the order, liut of the wisdom of its manage-
ment, and the confidence of its '>2,0()0 members in those who
administer its affairs. Dr. Oronhyatekha is not only the head
of the Foresters but he is also the head of the Order of Good
Templars throughout the world, having been elected in July,
IS'Jl, at the meeting of the Right \V(^rthy Grand Lodge in
Edinburgh, to the position of Right Worthy Grand Templar.
The high position he occupies in each body i.s found to be
advantageous to both. No one could wish to enjoy in a fuller
degree the esteem of those he represents, and no one deserves
it better than Dr. Oronhvatekha.

The Late Honorable John Macdonald, Senator.

" In Mfmor. am."

" He was a man, take him fur /ill in all, I shall not look upon his like

airani.

He gave his honors to the wcrKl .again, hia blessed pfirt to Heaven,
and slept in peace."

— Shakespeare.

The history of the late Senator Macdonald would comprise
the history of the wholesale dry goods trade of Toronto for

and beae-
ied as the
the prime
hday. He
ian of the
1 that con-
id a liberal
,nd Oxford,
le was the
lysieian he
on to Inde-

And now
-ests of the
)ut the able
Dhenomenal
in the past
3 soundness
its manayie-
I those who
,ly the head
er of Good
,ed in July,

Lodge in
id Templar,
ound to be

in a fuller
ne deserves

snator.

upon his like
rt to Heaven,

liukespeare.

d comprise
Toronto for

THK LAT1-: HON. JOHN MACDOXALD
Nvnator.

n
h

Ik-;

t(
th
si

fii
ur
in
ph
tic
of
rel
as5
in

his

kir

hai

Hi.

his

abl

tal(

ing

exp

and

the

Par

ren(

the

Toronto from 1887 to 1892.

315

nearly half a century. In 1847, when the writer first formed
his acquaintance, Mr. Macdonald was a young man holding the
position of salesman in the large dry goods establishment of
Walter Macfarlane & Co., corner of King Street and West
Market Square. He was at that time studying for the Wes-
leyan ministry, but on account of delicate health was ordered
to the West Indies, as well as to discontinue his studies. He
then proceeded to Kingston, Jamaica, where he remained in a
situation till 1849.

Having made up his mind to go into business he started the
first exclusively dry goods store on Yonge Street, and by
unwearied diligence, and great shrewdness as a buyer, succeeded
in establishing a successful business. His generosity and
philanthropy always kept pace with his prosperity, conscien-
tiously devoting a large portion of his profits, on the principle
of systemntiy beneficence, to benevolent, philanthropic, and
religious purposes. In this respect his name will be for ever
associated with the great enterprises of the city, in every thing
in which liberality and philanthropy have been displayed.

As a patron of literature his scholarships and prizes in vari-
ous colleges and the University will remain as a monument to
his memory, while his munificent donations to hospitals and
kindred institutions for the relief of suffering humanity will
hand his name down to posterity as a public benefactor.
Highly gifted by nature, he excelled in poetry as well as prose,
his productions in both being sach as would be highly credit-
able to a man of leisure, while Mr. Macdonald cultivated his
talents in the midst of an engrossing and rapidly extend-
ing business all through his life. Whether on the platform or
in the pulpit he exhibited ability of a high order, always
expressing his views in the clearest and most emphatic' mannei,
and ever on the side of truth and virtue, never swerving from
the highest principles towards expediency.

His distinguished services to the country as member of
Parliament, and subsequently as a member of the Senate, were
rendered still more valuable through the information given as
the result of his successive visits to Newfoundland, the West

f^D

316

TopoNTO " Called Back."

Indies, and Alaska, all of which was published for the benefit
of the Dominion, and was undoubtedly most valuable and is
already bearinor good fruit.

Having,' been in the House of Commons at Ottawa when Sir
John A. Macdonald arose in his place to refer to the death of
Mr. Thomas White, Minister of the Interior, whose vacant
chair immediately in the rear of Sir John's bore a beautiful
white wreath, and witnessing his vain attempt to speak, over-
come as he was by emotion, and Sir Hector Langevin's taking
his place with an imnromptu eulogy, I think it not out of place
to reproduce the following lines, which were composed by
Senator Macdonald '\nd printed anonymously in the Ottawa
Journal of that lay : —

"HE FLAG AT HALF MAST.

W !, , '^ies the flag at half mast,

Whioli was mast liead yesterday ?
Has DUe of the mighty fallen,

Has 8ume great une passed away ?
Has tlie rider on the pale horse —

The rider with icy wand —
Touched l)eating heart and stilled it.

Of some leader of the land ?
The flag which flies at half mast,

Which flutters high in the air,
But tells to man the story

Which is taught him everywhere :
That man being here abideth not,

Is cut down like a flower,
Is like the grass which sjtringeth up

And withers in an hour ;
And so the flag at half mast,

Which was yesterday at mast head,
Tells in its mournful floating

Of a gifted statesman dead,
And reads to all the lesson —

To the grave and to the gay —
It may wave for them to-morrow,

As it waves for him to-day.

Ottawa, April 23rd, ISSS.

le benefit
le and is

when Sir
death of
e vacant
beautiful
ak, over-
's taking
of place
osed by
Ottawa

■JM

mat

■3 1

1 fl

•

M •!''

'u.Jll

J. KIDSTOX MACDONALD, ESQ.

Toronto from LSS? to 1892.

317

The Model Dry Goods Warehouse of the Dominion.

Ifc is no disparagement of other large wholesale importing
houses of which Toronto is so justly prouil, and to which much
of the description given may apply, to select one as par etcccl-
lence the model house of tlie Dominion, and if a knowledge of

Messks. John Machonam) \- Co. s Waukhoise.

(M'llh'nfifon Sfirrf rior.) ,

818

Toronto "Called Back."

its history from the commencement furnishes a qualitication
for the work, the writer can safely undertake it.

Having known the late Senator Macdonald before he com-
menced business, I had an opportunity of witnessing the success
of his first venture in the retail dry goods trade.

His rare judgment as a buyer, and carefulness as a financier,
gave him from the first a sound position, resulting in a decision
to seek a wider field for his enterprise. The pent-up confines
of a retail store did not afford scope for his ambition, and in
two years from his start in 1849 he had acquired sufficient
capital to embark in the wholesale importing trade.

On his first visit to Britain his arrangements were made on
such a solid basis as to be a guarantee of the success which
followed. The system of buying from large general houses
had prevailed almost entirely in Canada and the Maritime
Provinces, and this Mr. Macdonald from the outset avoided.
He saw no reason why he should not go to the fountain head
of supply, and give his customers the benefit of the interme-
diate profits previously enjoyed by these large houses in
London, Glasgow and Manchester, and v/hatever commission he
paid for his ^introduction to manufacturers was more than made
up by cash discounts. The saying that "goods well bought
are half sold" was, in this instance, soon verified, and with
goods purchased on such advantageous terms the firm had no
occasion to " push trade," but it seemed to flow naturally and
increase steadily from the commencement.

The facilities aflforded by the bonding system — commenced
about this time — through the United States, led Messrs. Mac-
donald &D Co. to introduce the system of having a resident
buyer in Europe, and by weekly shipments aflEbrd merchants
an opportunity of assorting their stocks from time to time,
thereby precluding the necessity of laying in a stock for the
whole season, as had hitherto been the rule, and also saving a
large amount of interest and the accumulation of bad stock.
This formed another element in the rapid growth and exten-
sion of th*^ business, as buyers were attracted from all parts
to select t'roiu the weekly arrivals. From that time to the

tlitication

e he com-
be success

financier,
Ek decision
3 confines
n, and in
sufficient

i made on

Bss which

al houses

Maritime

I avoided,
tain head

interme-
tiouses in
aission he
han made

II bought
and with
m had no

ally and

mmenced

srs. Mac-
resident

merchants
to time,

a for the
saving a

id stock.

id exten-
all parts
e to the

PAUL CAM I 'BELL, KSQ,

Toronto fkom 1887 to 1892.

319

present the business has been marked with uninterrupted pros-
perity, and has attained to a magnitude unequalled in the
Dominion, and a fame co-extensive with the great ititer-oceanic
highway now successfully completed from the Atlantic to the
Pacific.

The business is thoroughly systematized, being divided intc
five principal departments, which, with their subdivisions, are
as follows : —

Silks and Dress Goods — Black and colored silks, satins,
ribbons. Dress goods — the latest productions from the looms
of Britain, France and Germany always in stock ; velveteens.
laces, embroideries, veilings, hosiery, gloves, muslins, parasols,
etc., etc.

Linens and Staples — Tablings, Towellings, Hollands, novel-
ties in linen sets, D'Oylies, diapers, embroidery and fronting
linens, Dowla.s, Hessians, canvas and Burlaps ; Canadian manu-
factured staple goods of all kinds.

Carpets — Brussels, tapestry, wool, union and hemp carpet's,
mats, rugs, floor and oil cloths, lace, Chenille and tapestry
curtains, piano and table covers, piano felts, bed quilts, etc., etc.

Woollens — English, Scotch, Irish and Canadian suitings
and trouserings, coatings and overcoatings, mantlings ; also
tailors' trimmings, corduroys and moleskins shown in this
department.

Gents' Furnishings and Haberdashery — Neckwear, under-
wear, top shirts, braces, handkerchiefs, umbrellas, rubber
goods, dress trimmings, button.^ and braids, corsets, wools,
tapes, threads, elastics, smallwares and fancy goods.

These departments are managed by experienced buyers, whc
visit Jie markets periodically, making the honie othce in Man-
chester their rendezvous, and where orders are sent lietween
seasons to the resident buyers. The house is represented hy
fourteen travellers from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

The warehouse itself has a position quite unique, fronting
on two :itreets (on Wellington Street, Nos. 21 to 27, and Front
Street, Nos. 80 to 80), both equally easy of access to every
part of the house, and equally imposing in appearance. The

320

Toronto "Called Back."

most modern appliances have been introduced for the despatch
of business. A special feature in the shipping department is
the adoption of "travelling" desks for the entry clerks, by
which they pass from one lot of goods to another as cjuickly
as they are entered, thereby superseding the old system of
bringing the goods up to the desks and having to wait for the
removal of one lot before entering another, thus ensuring perfect
accuracy.

With the foresight which characterized all Mr. Macdonald's
business arrangements, he brought his two eldest sons into the
warehouse at a very early age, and by a thorough training in
every detail has fitted them to succeed him in the business.

Mil. John Kidston Macdonald.

In 1887 Mr. John Kidston Macdonald, eldest son of the late
Hon. John Macdonald, was admitted a member of the firm, at
which time he assumed the entire management of the ware-
house ; and at his father's death became the principal partner.
He is a young man of inherent business ability, integrity and
popularity, being a worthy successor to his late father.

Mr. Paul Ca^[i*bell.

In 1869 Mr. Paul Campbell, on account of the absence from
home of Mr. Macdonald, on parliamentary ami other duties,
assumed the manao:ement of the business, both of the couiitingf
house and warehouse, and from that time has displayed a high
order of business talent, reaching every detail of tho business ;
and by untiring assiduity has had a large share in the exten-
sion and consolidation of its successful progress, up to the time
and since his admission to a partnership in 1887, the same
time as Mr, J. Kidston Macdonald.

Mk, James Fraser Macdonald.
Mr. James Fraser Macdonald, second son of the late Hon.
John Macdonald, was admitted a partner of the firm in bs*)0,
immediately after the death of his father. Truth and justice
are the prominent traits of his character ; these with his inde-
fatigableness in business thoroughly fit him to be a member
of the firm.

3usmes3.

J. KRAS'lk MACDONALI) ES(^).

IMlCSSKs. .IdllN MAClMtNAM. iV Td.s \\'\l(|;H(il SK.
(Fnnif Shuit \'ii\r,i

W-hf

kf-i*^