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CorTMpondtiict MnlMtMl. iMd Air CaUlofuc. WILLAMEHE TENT AND AWNING CO. 14 * %6 NMth Front St., PORTLAND, ORB. m Jones, He Pays The Freight ON Complete Alaska outfits put up and properly packed, delivered upon board steamers at Portland, Ta- coma or Seattle at our net Cash prices. By comparison of Prices you will find thtt PORTLAND Prices are fully Twenty per cent, cheaper than San Francisco, - Tttooma or Seattle. Orders are filled same day as received. Two day's notice is required to have shipments reach Tacoma or Seattle if you are going that way. Give sail* ing date of vessel you want goods shipped on. Our past experience in outfitting gives us superior knowledge in the requirtmeats for a stay in Alaska. We quote belcw a list of goods and prices such as the Alaska Miner requires for a year's trip. QUALITY is important and we guarantee everything first-class. OUR REFERENCESt Weill, Faigo & Co.'s Bank» The BradstffccUb or D*jni^s Gmuncrcial Agcnqr* SUPPLIES FOR ONE MAN FOR ONE YEAR. IM Rm Beans, whit*. oolored..| 1.7& MO Rm Fionr, best family. . . . 4.00 M lbs Com meal 90 100 lbs BacoD, extra smoked and CMuraaed 10.60 M Rm Qranulated Bngsr.... 1.76 10 lbs Tea, beat uncolored Jspan i.OO 40 lbs R. Jk G. Java and Moeha Goffee 1100 16 Rm Dried Peaches, B?ap.. 1.10 16 Rm Dried Gotta, Bvap. . . . 1.10 S6 RM Dried Apples, Bvap. . . 1.60 to RM Salt 16 1 lb Black P«pper 16 VI lb Red Pepper 16 10 IbM nnkliiR Powder 4.00 16 Rm nice M 10 Rm 8osp. Merino Ha Ton.. .60 2 Plates (granite steel) 2 Camp Kettles " " 2 Caps, (granite steel) 1 Fry Pan . 2 Knives and Forks 1 Ssuce Psn, (granite steel) 1 Breed Bake Pan 1 Camp Coffee Pot 2 Teaspoons 2 Tablespoons 1 S-lnch Butcher Knife 1 Whipsaw and Handle. . . . 2 Minors' Shovels 2 Miners' PIcksand Bandies 1 Gold Pan 1 Rschet Brace 1 Kxtenslon Bit 1 Draw Knife I Whetstone JO 1.26 .20 .10 .16 If .16 .40 .16 J6 .66 0.76 1.00 1.60 .40 JO L60 1.00 .10 eONTII Jones, He Pays The Freight Jones, He Pays The Freight 1 lb Mustard 2t S groM of Matches, packed In tfn 66 10 Itw Dried Green Peas 40 15 lbs Dried Green Ck>m.... 1.20 26 lbs Braporated Potatoes.. 2.60 10 lbs ETaporated Onions ... 4.00 2 doi (Is) Com Beef 2.20 1 dot Condensed Milk 1.76 6Q lbs Pilot Bread, square. . . 2.26 1 Bor Candles (120) 1.76 10 lbs Bummer Sausage. — 2.00 1 dos (4 oa) Beef Extract. . . 8.60 10 lbs Farina 26 1 Cobbler Repair Outltt. : . . 1.76 2 10-lnch Mill Files 2 S-Ourner Taper Filoa 6n)8 (lOd) Nails 6 1bN (8d) Nails 1 Calkinic Iron 6 ttitt Oakum 100 feet (^-In.) Cotton Line. . 100 feet (Vfc-ln.) Manilla Rope. 1 Axe and Handle. 1 Hatchet 1 Hand Axo 1 Hand Saw 1 Jack Plane 1 Pair f-foot OarM CLOTHING. 6 Pr Heavy. All-Wool Socks 1.76 2 Pr Hcary, German Alas* ka Socks. (|L60) , .. 2.00 2 Pair (10-lb) All- Wool Blaii- k«t8. ^19.00) 18.00 1 Flopcc - Lined Rubber Blanket. 60x81 2.76 1 Heavy Mackinaw Coat:.; 2.00 2 Pr Heavy OrerallB (60c).. 1.00 2 Extra Ileary, Blye Flan- nel Overahlrts. ($2.26) 4.60 2 Suits Extra Heavr. Red Flannel Underwear (12.60) 7.00 2 Pr Felt Boota (76c) 1.60 2 I'r Arctic Oventhoes to fit bootH 2 Bolts Munqulto Netting... 2 Pr Alaska High-Cut. Wa- tcri>roof. II envy Shoeit. OH Grain 1 Tent (10-OB) Duck. Ixt. . . . 1 Alaska Camp Store, Heavy Sheet Steel 1 Canvas Sleeping Bag. . . . . 1 I'r Crack Proof RuDber Booto 2 Pr Mackinaw Pants 6 lbs Tartaric Acid .36 .20 .20 .20 .66 .66 .96 1.45 1.26 .66 1.00 1.26 .90 2.00 2.75 6.00 6.76 4.60 2.60 6.00 6.60 2.6# The above list may be changed to suit your views. We give quan- tity and list of goods that experience shows are required. Everything Is packed to take, op the Jeast |)oeslble space. In waterptoof dock bags, for which we charge 10 centa each. It requires about 16 60-pound bag* to pack the above outfit. Prices quoted are based on preaent market ▼aluea which we do not expect to change moeh, If any. Make up a list of what you will require, according to slie of your party, and send It to me for our pricea on board ateamer at Portland, TMoma or Seattle. In ordering clothing, give alico wanted. •CN* rON TNI mfVINa' •»!•■. ADDRESS ALL LETTCfIS TO JONES' Cash Store 106 FRONT STREET. PORTLAND, ORL Jones, He Pays The Freight i EVERYTNINfi PERTMNIIIfi TO ^lasl^a literature. CHARTS OF THE COASTS. GENERAL MAPS. YUKON MAPS* Books.Upon the Klondike AND GOLD nCLBS. y4ll Books of Travel, Exploration, Etc, published upon /Alaska, and a complete Stock of Books of Evety sort, for sale at most favorable prices. Revised, enlari^ed, with many new enpravinj^s added, printed on better paper and wifh a handsome new cover of enamel paper, will be sent by mail upon receipt of SO cents. ^ THE J. K. GILL CO. Masonic Templci PORTLAND, OR. • . . > ~ . ^ . . . 'M H •<. ♦'■V- vV »■•/ 'n't" » v'Wsv; ;'•'-•;??• •\v. •«\ .«^ ^1^ '.■+■' \.r' ;?f. /•t i Indians Packing Over Qiilkoot Pass. , '^iM Jy-2 Alaska Klondike aod the •••• > The New Gold Ms *■< flow to R<^cli Them I HARRY U WBLLa PORTLAND, OMBGON MOT i ^v^< I'U >'/'f,'* .' ■r'yr ■-' '"■• ft'.''-'.' '. 't I- •<»•,■♦ > .•••'.*; VRA: _i '. I, I •/] ' ^'.>/;^v-i«' ■M.'>.;" <'■.•► > y^>/. i' .*■■' A\ m^ ■?i. • •k^> ♦ ; Conraiowrw iv Hauv L. Wbim. ilir ^▼WIW^^ Cp" ^pWH^ INDEX OHAPTBR I. PtfM. Hlitorjr and OoTeninMit f toll OHAFTRB II. G«ofnipilii7, Cllnat* and RMwarcM UtoN OHAimm III; GoM DlMorertaa m th« Tnkon Mtoll OHAPTBR IT. 0«Mnil OoHdltloM IB tlM GcM FltM nto44 ORAPTini y. RotttN li» (h* TakM MlMt 4ltoM CHAPTBB TI. IIIOM M th« ABOTlcAi lido tltof4 OHATTBR VII. Rowaod Wboffo III Ootll MtoTI f ■ mmBBmmmm WL lllrh«*la I 'tAtlon of tb« NorthwMt Tndlnf 4 TnaiporUtlM Ooi ■b aKMVM ^ guidon Qf 1^, Alaaka Oonoicrcliil OonMoy. Chapter I History and Government ■,•*.■ • «• Dnrlnff the flftj ftu9 InnMdlately folio wiag tli« discoTeir oT America, Spain c^ned a flrm aad laatlne foothold In the New World. By the middle of the alztcenth centnry the had conquered and colon- lied erery portion of the two coutlnenti Inhabited by wealthy and •eml-clrlllied nations, and wae enjoying from her new poaaeaalone a rerenne almoat fabnloue in Ita amount , In lUS Balboa croeeed the lethmus of Daricn and dlacorered the Booth Sea, and In 1610 ilagellan paased throufh the straits at the extremity of South America and entered the Pacific. In a fen years the two oceans were found to be the same body of water, but It was seT«iral centurleo before the Pacific was known to extend so far north as It actually does, for no sail was spread upon those northern waters. When Cortes completed the subjugation of Mexico, he at once constructed Tsesels on th'» west coast for the explorat'ou of the Pacific, of whoee rest expanse he had not the sllghteet con option. Bis plan was to coast northward and wcetward until he reached the Indes. In 1600 Jasper Cortereal had entered Hudson's bay through the straits he called "Anian," and when the South sea waa dlscoTored a few years later It was taken for granted that Hudson's bay was the same body of water and that the straits of AnIan waa a northern passage from the Atlantic to the South eea, similar to the one discorered a little later by Ilagellan. This error was not exploded for nearly three een- turteo, and It was due to the persistent efforts of sereral nations to locate this passage that Ahiska was finally settled and colonised. Oor* tereal's error was as soon discorered, but one Maldonado claimed a lit* tie later, when the great width of North America was more folly real* laed, to hare sailed In an open North sea tOO miles and then to bafe passed through the straits of AnIan directly Into the South sea. Though this alleged royage was undoubtedly a myth. It kept the mart* time nations of the eivth In an intermittent quest for the mueh-def^lred passage for two centuries and a half. It waa to find and locate definitely this mythical passage that Oor- te^ planned to skirt the malnland^o the Indeo, harlng no Men whaterer of the great widih of the Pacific ocean. His plans were suddenly changed by orders from his sorerelgn, the powerful Charlea V., to sail direetiv ncreea to the Indee. Theee orders were the result of the eue* ^ of the Psrtngueso In establishing prottaMo trade and colonlee In the Indee by the way of Oape of OoM Hope. After seTemI nnsn c esss fm eipedltloM acroao the Padfie, the Philippine Iskwds weio sub^ned. ■■d In a f*w yean m wwrmona rerewM as dertrti froa this n lv\ I ALASKA. THB NBW «U>OSADO depMidMicjr. At a rtanlt, th* Northern ocmb wm nagtoctod for two centwlM by Bpoln. with tho ezctptton of on occaalonol omall oxpcdl* tion, the moot Tonturooomo of which reoehod no farther than tho eoaot of Oregon. Spain claimed oxduilTo jurisdiction of the entlro Paclfle and tho lands bordering upon It, and enjoyed nndlapnted poeaeoalon of Ite commerce until Bnglleh and Dutch iwlYateen, or buecaneers. In- vaded It by tho way of Oapo Horn and preyed upon her commerce. The easier to enter the Pacific, for this purpose, the Northwest pas- sage was eageriy sought by the English, and the desire to And It and fortify Its Pacific end against Inraslon was the ruling motlTO that prompted the spasmodic and fruitless expeditions sent out by Spain along the northern coast. Failure led to a practical abandonment of the effort on both sides for msny yeikrs, until Interest was suddenly revlTSd In It by the moYcments of a power prerlonsly supposed to have no Interest whaterer In this region. The sudden rise of Russia from oblivion to a high rank among the powers of the world, a roTolotlon wrought by the genius of Peter the Great, Is one of the marrels of history. Gradually he extended bis power eastward across the snowy wsstes of Siberia, until his domin- ions were washed by the waters of the Pacific beating upon the penin- sula of Ksmtchatka. UaTlng reached the Pacific he became eager to extend his power still farther eastward, until It touched the weatern confines of the dependencies of England, France and Spain In America. How far that was, or what was the nature of the region coreted, no one had the faintest knowledge. He sought to find a northern passage Into .he Pacific, sImlUr to the one tbi English were seeking In the. opposite direction, as well as to explore eastward from Kamtchatka. Before his pisns could be executed, he died, but his widow and successor, Catherine, took up the project, and In 17X8 sent Vitus Behring, a Danish navigator, from Kamtchatka. He sailed northward until he found the coast trending stesUlly westward, and tMllevIng he had entered the Arctic ocean, ho returned. Neither going nor returning though the straits, which were later named In his honor, did he see tho Ame<'lcan coast, consequently he reported that a great open sea lay to the eset- wsrd of Asia, Joining the Pacific and Arctic oceans. During the next few yesrs several other expeditions were sent out, one of them landing on the American coast In 1711 and discovering thst but a strait, and not ail o|ien sea, connected the two great oceans. In llii Behring reached the American coast In the vldnlty of Blount St. Ellas, chrlsteoed by him, snd went ae far south as latitude K4 degrees 40 minutes. ITpon his return voyoge his vessel waa driven out of 'to course, and many of tae crew dlf>d of scurvy. They Isnded upon Behring's Isle, a small speok upon the bosom of tho ocean, con- sisting of a few granite peaks, thruot above the sea, their sides contin- uously lashed by the surf. Before spring Behring and thirty of hlo followers found a grave amid thoee waterlwund rocks. Upon tho return of spring tho survivors constructed a small boat fiom tho wreck of their veesel, and succeeded la reaching the bay of Avatscha, on tho Kamtchatkan coast. They hsd subsisted during the winter upon tho ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO V.i« flcth of farbMnlBf animali, probably mbI and aeal otter, and the •kins had Mrred for beds and dothlnf . In thcao fnn wero the rar- TiTora clad when tb^j retnmfd, and their ralne led to the dispatch of MTeral expedltlona by Ruselan traden In search of fnrs, with the rcsnlt that a large trade In fan was fradually established, and Russian col- onies were established on the coast of America. For many yeara Alaska, or AUaska, waa belloTed by the Russians to be the largest of a group of Islands, the many long Inlets penetrating the mainland being supposed to be passages between Islands, and this error was not disclosed untH the explorations of the celebrated Captain Cook rarealed the true naturo of the coast line In 177S. The Russians for many years took their furs to ATatscha and Ochotsk, and sent them thence OTerland to the Chinese market at great expense, being unawaro that the ocean In which the fur Islands lay was the same great sea that washed the Chinese coast, and could be entered by the way of Cape Horn. This was dlscorered when some Polish exiles escaped In a Tea- sel from the coast of Kamtchatka and reached Canton, whera they sold at a high price fun they had picked up on the way. Then for the first time was realised the great magnitude of the Pacific, and that the same wsten beat upon Behring's Isle, the coast of China, the Spanish col- onies of North and South America and the sunny Inlands of the broad Sooth sea. Both England and Spain became uneasy about the progress Russia wss making on the northern coast, and they sent out sereral expedi- tions. The first of Importance was that of Captain James Cook, who sailed from England In 177f, and roacbed the coast of Oregon In March, 1771, baring dlscorered the Hawaiian Islanda the prorlous January. He followed the coast northwsrd to Mount St. Ellas, thence westward and northward through Behring's straits. Into the Arctic ocean aa far aa Icy cape, exploring all the Inlets, and proring Alaska to be a great estem extension of the mainland of America, and not a groupe of large Islands, as the Russians bellered. He proceeded to the Hawaiian Islands to spend the winter and was thero killed In a needless quaml with the natlres. The first to arall themselres of the discorerlea of Cook wera the Russians. Cook's royage opened their eyes to ths nature and ralue of the fur Kglons, snd they determined to enter deeply Into that which they had been simply skimming for yeara. The many Independent tratkera who had been making perilous royages among the Islands of the Aleutian archipelago combined and organised a trading company In 1711, and In 17U established the fint permanent station on Kadlak lalaad, from which stations gradnslly spread during succeeding yeara along the Islanda and mainland. InterNt was also stimulated la thia region elsewhere, and In 17M the fint BngUah trading ressel reached the Alaskan coast in search of fnra. followed during the next few yeara by other Bnglloh and American trading rtsss H . as well as explor' tag expeditions of sereral natloM. In UN La rarenw. a Knnch nar- Igator. eiplMred tha aoutbeaalera coart. and dnrtag that a>id the follow* lag year Portlocfc and Dixon, la Baglleh r ssae ls , explorsd the coaal aad ALASKA, THB NBW BLDOBADO Cook's Inlot B«c«UM of thia MtlTltj by forrtfoon, ordon wtni iamiod from 8t Potonburf Id ITftT to Uko poommIob of tbo imlntoikl. At tho Mmo ttmo flpalD arovMd bonolf to Moort bor dalm of wdnshro Jnr* Isdlctkm of tbo Paclfle, and ooit an ozpodltlon nortb to mo wbat tbo BumUum w«ro dotoff. Tblo oxpedltlon Tlsltod Kadlak lalaad and Una- laaka In 178t, and retnrnod to lleztco wltb tbo report tbat tboi* wort •Igbt ■ettlemonta In Alaska, all of tbom wsst of Prlnco WUllam's sound, wbllo anotber was about to be estaUlsbed near tbe soond itself, wklcb was done tbat year near tbe moutb of Copper rlTor. Tbese posts were cbelllj oecopled by natlTes of Siberia and Kamtcbatka. It was also reported tbat tbe Russians were preparing to take possession of Nootka sound, on VancouTer Island, and otber points far to tbe south. 8|Miln sent a remonstrance to Russia i.bat bor subjects were eneroacb- iDg upon tbe Spanlsb dominions In the PaclAc, and was answered tbat the Russians were acting under express directions of the crown. Mean- while English traders bad taken possession of Nootka sound, on Van> courer Island, and In 1789 8'r>aln sent an expedition there, captured the TCBsels of the English companies and took possession. This almost led to a war, but the matter was settled by tbe Nootka couTontlon of 1791, by which Spain's acknowledged sorerelgnty terminated at the Cali- fornia line, aboTO which point both Spain and England should have equal rights. Knowledge of the nsture of the great unknown wilderness back of the Alaskan line was gained In 1787, when Ales«nder Mackenslemade his famous Journey to the Arctic ocean by tbe way of Great Blare bike and Markenale rlTor, and again In 1791-1, when he made the first Jour- ney oTerland A> the Pacific by way of Peace rlTer and the Fraser river. From 1790 to 1791 sereral Spanish, EngUib and American Tossels traded along tbe coast and explored the numerous passsges and Inlets, and from 1798 to 1794 Captain George Vancourer, the English Nootka commmlBsloner, explored tbe entire coast north of California to tbe bead of Cook's Inlet, and settled definitely In tbe negatlTO the queatlon of a paaaage through the northern continent between the Atlantic and Pacific, belief In wnlch bad existed for nearly three centuries. It was then realised fully tbat Alaska was a great western extension of the continent, deeply penetrated by arms of tbe sea and Its coast fringed with Innumerable Islsnds. Prom this time till Its purchase by tbe United States, Alaska was undlsputabiy In the bands of Russia. In 1790 Shellkoff, the most energetic of the traders, organised tbe SheUkoff company to monopolise the trade, and was granted special priTlleges by tlto goTemment. B. Delareff as made chief director, being gOTemor of tbe entire fur region, and the famous Alexander Baranoff .was glTsn charge of the posts on Kadlak Island and Cook'a Inlet, tbo former being the geueral headquartera. Baranoff was made cblef director In 1798, add for many years ruled Alaska with an Iron band,' Indicting many cruelties upon tbe natives, wltb whom be was con- stantly at war, and conducting himself In a most outrageous and cor- rupt manner, lie was frequently complained of and reported against, and twice succeosurs were appointed, both of them meeting wltb disas- ^?^:S., Vtj.« vf-'',. iijj p iiljllllil^lffl i pillipjy p p ■■tv»; \ li !;!>' M IgUgl^ ; 1 •8 I f^:*' ^ ^» •-'•>, ■t*"^ ."f. \ - " , ". \; :i-i{. :i,n-.^-r..> <^r:-S.i }'^' ^H- //:.' '.■ •fc VI' .,«■, ;>•;•*• .'j-v. ■•"}'") v; ■:V'^!i' ■ u 'i*M^: Ir> I 1,1, '■¥■ • t. . i".' ,.-1 -.1 . :n>'- ^■>!^. ^^ r^.C^^ .rJ'-f-- ; "i '.?« i*"V *.'<• ' --i;ir»«' S >.V V: !• •v,» ,"'■'(• <■■ . .•;■'.<■■ 'vv-:^'* .>:•'• I. f^n^Pf' n ■»i •? 'M. •'.■..'■: .V- 1* ■^*' Til , ■« ■• ' < ■■ t . • > i,';:'/i^';'*- j'.;i..r": n .'^'•>''. i>;;i« :■(••.•■' '•>: ; 'S;, V '■•^^» il :• *»».>• , » tl... t t: •H 'risf'W,v>>^i *•<•:•'',•' l,K ■> ^':;'.A' .A,i"*-,)' "•..V?. ■I ■< t.f •.V-^'>. .'!». .1 •«' ■ 'V - > k. ■. .' I . ', .. » f .•,,.;«S.,V.jf.' v»,"«. ALASKA, THE NEW ELDOBADO » ter before reaching him. tn ITf S an Imperial ukase waa Isaued author- laing the aendlng of mlBslonarlea and conrlcta to the American colonies, and the foUowlng year IM conrlcts, two oreraeera and 11 monks were colonised on the coaat near Bt KUaa, where they endured Incredible hardships, eren the monks beinf compelled to work like slares. In 17tS the settlement of New Russia was made on Behring, or Takutat, bay. Opposition to the Shellkoff company harlng sprung up, the gOTemment chartered the Russlan-Amerlcan company for 20 years, giving It control of all the coast norih of latitude 6t lYegreea. Baranoff was made man- ager and In consequence goremor of the country, complete control being In the li.«nds of the company. There was no law except the rales of the company, and no Justice for the foreigner or native MiTe such aa pleased Baranoff to gtre. Sitka, the present capital of Alaska, was established by Baranoff In 17M, In Sitka bay, on Baranoff Island, the fort erected at tbat time being called Fort Archangel Gabriel. English and American ressels ▼isited the coaat and their cargoes were the chief source of supplies for the Russian posts. In 1804 a aettlement waa established on Sttka bay, called New Archangel, and this was made by Baranoff the headquarters of the company and the seat of gorernment of the colony, being none other than the present rtty of BHka. The Astor settlement at the mouth of the Ck>lumbla In 1810 and 1811 was made In pursuance of an agreement to anppiy the Russian poets. For another source of supplies Baranoff effected a settlement In California, at Bodega bay, built Fort Ross, and eatabllshed a colony to gnvr wheat and Tegetables. This aettlement waa sold to John A. Sutter In 1841, when no longer needed by the Russians. In 1817 Baranoff resigned and Hagenmelster became gorernor. In 1816 the first extenslTe explorations of the coaat north of the peninsula were made by Kotabne, whose name was giren to the great sound north of Behring strait. In 1818 Korsakoff creased Alaska on foot from Cook's Inlet to the mouth of Kushkoqulm river, and Kol- hakoff built a fort at Nushergak, on Bristol bay. In 1818 Important reforms were Instituted In the government of the company and colony. At that time there were five settlements on the Aleutian Isianda, four on Cook's inlet, two on Chugach gulf and one on Baranoff Island, the capltat In 1880 Muravleff became governor, and the same year Kuah- kOquim river was explored. In 1811 the charter of the company '.t«s renewed for 10 years, and an imperial ukase waa Issued, claiming ail the country north of latitude 80 degreea. This led to a remonstrance on the part of the United States, which nation had purchased the Span- ish claims In 1811, resulting In a treaty In 1814, limiting Russian aettle- menta to the country north of latitude 14 degreea 40 minutes, and giving fret trade prlvUegca to both along the entire coaat The following year a aimllar treaty was made with England. Tb' i confined the dispute for poss i salea of the country be t wee n California and latitude M degrsee 40 mlnutea to Bnglaad and the Vatttd Btatee, a oMtter whieh waa est* tied by the treaty of ll4t, dividing the dIeputH terrttory at the forty* ■lath paralleL !• ALASKA, THB KDW ELDOBADO la IStS Ohlstekoff bccam* chief dlnetor, and iiio#«d tlM caplUI from New Archangel to St. Paul, on Kadlak lahind. In. IttC Captain Beechy. of the Britieh nary, explored the Arctic coaat of Alaska aa far east as Point Barrow. In 18S1 Baron Wranfell became governor and relocated the capital at New Archangel. In 188S Alaska ceased to be merely a penal cdonjr, and permission was glren to all Russian subjects to reside there. The spme year Fort Bt. MIdiaela was built by Tebenett on Norton sound. 80 miles north of the mouth of the Yukon, and In 1135 the delta of the Yukon was explored by Glasunoff. The Btlckeen riTer, hSTlng been dlscoTsred In 1801 by tht American ship Atahualpa, and Wrangell learning In 18SS that the Hudson's Bay Company was preparing to take possession of that region, he estab- lished Fort DyoneslUB at Its mouth, subsequently called Fort Wran> gell. This led to complaint by the Hudson's Bay Company, and finally to the leasing of the fort by that company, from which time the entire interior was dominated by the English corporation, whose posts bad been extended northward to the Arctic and westward to the Pacific. In 1836 Kuprianoff liecame chief director. In 1837 the Arctic coast from the mouth of the Mackensie west to Point Barrow waa explored by Dvane and Simpson, thus completing the delineation of the entire .\lasksu coast. Fort Nuiato was built on the Yukon, but was aban- ' doned the same year and was burned by the natives. It was rebuilt In 1841, wus captured and burned again in 18S1, and waa finally rebuilt in 1859. In 1840 EtoUn became chief director, and In 1844 <*<»?sd or aasrdssd acts of • » ' 14 ALASKA. TBB NBW BLDOBADO •.'•/•V •nhlp OTW •oeh ctalma. sImII not b* dlatwbad thwalB, bat •hall b« allowad to pcrfeet titl* hj psynrnts proTldcd for.** ThOTo la atUI nor* gonoral antborlty without tha apodal aatharltjr. Tbo act of Jttlj 14, 18M, Mjn: "All TalaaMo mineral dopoalta in landa b;.longlnf to tbo United Btatei, both ranreyed and nnaanrejred, art hereby declared to bo free and open to exploration and purehaae, and landa .In which they are found, to OGcu[ itlon and purehaae by dtlaena of tLo United Siatca, and by thoee who hare declared an intention to become anch under the rules prescribed by law and according to local cuitoma of rulea of miners In the sereral mining districts, so far as the same are applica- ble and not iDconslstent with the biws «*/ the United States." The patenting of mineral lands In Alaska Is not a new thing, for tlist work has been going on for some time. In addition to the land office at Sitka one wlU be established At Circle City. CANADIAN GOVSBNMBNT. ' • • The fact that the gold fields of the Interior lie partly In Canada and partly In the United Btatee much complicates the altuatlon. The Brit- ish Columbia line eztenda so;.ie distance north of the southern line of Alaska, so U*at aU the Interior south of that Una la subject to the laws of that pn* .-Ince. North of that line, including the entire Yukon region not In the United States, lies In the Northwest Territory, which Includes that rest region of British America lying north of the organ- ised proTlncee. This territory Is goremed by regulatlona promulgated by the Canadian goTemment, which has adopted mining regulations for it as giren at length In this Tolume. In 1894 a detachment of tO mounted police was dispatclied to the Yukon country, under command of Inspector Constantlne. who estsbllshed poets at Fort Cudahy and Forty-Mile, and proceeded to enforce the Canadian regulations and collect customs duties. The next year a regular customs collector was appointed.- Since the great rush began the present year additional police and customs officers hare been sent to the Yukon district, and Major Joseph Walsh has been appointed administrator and made prac- tically governor of that district, while a Judge has been appointed to hold court and administer the civil snd criminsl laws until the Canad- ian parliament can take action. The office of the gold commissioner, where all locations must be made and licenses secured, U at Dawson City, though It Is possible branch offices msy soon be located else- where. CANADIAN DUTIES. One of tha first steps taken by the Canadian gofemment when tha rush to the Klondike began, waa to aend customa ofltoars le cottaet dutiea on all goods taken In. Tbia was not done In a spirit of hoattUty to the prospector*, nor were any special dutlss Imposed. It was simply, the same effort on the part of the Canadian offidala to enforea tha reg* uhir hiwa of that country that wars being made by olmllar American ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO II olll^lali. Castoma collector* were hastily sent In OTer the Chllcoot trail to Lake Tagisb. ^bere they establlahed a station for the collection of duties ori all goods taken past. This dnty has not been rollectedy-m*de, partially of wool M Wftter-proof clothing 18 Cotton knitted good* 88 Duck, from SO to 10 Furcapa, cap**, coata, muffa, ate • S8 Jeniey*, knitted 88 Lln*n dothlag UH OII*d cloth M Backs or bags M wid*BS*d ..*........... M BMst*d,le p*r pound, nai M •ubatltnt**, ic p*r Bxttacti^ le p*f i r-i }• ALASKA, TBB NEW BLDODADO OoadeoMd milk, te ptr pomd. Oiowban ........IS CaUtry * W . D<»ga « M DruiKS ,., M Bartbenwar* .' ......SO Edged tooto ; '. It Fire Anns , M Flovr, wheftt, 76c: rye, SOe per iMrreL Fiih books and Unes ...tS Fruits, dried , SS rnines, raisins, enrrent., le per pound. Jellies, Jsms, preserree,, to per pound. Furniture ^ . . . . .tO OslTonlsed Iron or tinware SO Hardware .....SS% Harness and suddlery SO Horses SO Lard, So per pound. ' . ' ' Maps and cbart? , SO Meats, canned , ,,.... SS In barrels, Sc per pound. Oat meal : SO Pipes, tobacco '. , .SS Pork In barrels, 8c per pound. Potatoes, 16c per busbel. Potted meata SS , Powder, mlb' •■*■.. y i.t l:r>', +.». .V » .• ; ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO IT latitude 64 degrees 40 mlnutei, the line thence to ran north etong the channel of Portland cannl •• far the point of the continent where It strike* the 6(th depfee of north latitude, following thence the Bvnimit of the mountains i>arallel with the coast to the point of intersection with the 141a' degree of west, longitude, thence following that meridian to the Arctic ocean. It la especially proTlded that whereTcr the sum- mit of the mountains parallel to the coaat shall he more than 10 marine leagues from the ocean, the line shall run parallel to the windings of the coast and nerer exceed the distance of 10 msrlne leagues there- from. This Is what constitutes the controTcrer. The British claim Is that Behm canal waa really Intended, Instead of Portland canal, a» the southern line, since the Portland canal Is east from the starting point, and not north, as speclfled In the treaty, and that the 10 marine leagues should he measured from the main channela of water and not from the heads of Inlets as measured by the United States. The differ- ence In the lines the acceptance of the construction now glren to tho treaty by England would produce. Is clearly shown on the accompany- ing map. It la so Important that much difllculty will be experienced In adjusting the matter. As to the boundary In the Yukon region, It la only a question of accurate location of the 141st meridian, which runs due north from the summit of Mt St EUas. Of the location of this meridian General Duflleld, superintendent of the coast and geo- detic surrey, says: "The location was made on the north at Porcupine rirer by our aurreyors and In the Ticlnlty of the Yukon by the Canadians under OgllTle, and their work there checked by our men. We found that where OgllTle's line crossed Forty-lille creek It was six feet and nine Inches too fsr east, and when It crossed the Yukon It was <18 feet too far west. Thus It may be seen that the line as located by OglWIe la substantially correct. There Is no possibility of an error, the correc- tion of which would put the new gold regions In American territory.. At the nearest point Dawson City Is 10 miles on the Canadian side of the OgllTle line. If the treaty now before the senate proTldlng for fixing the boudary Is ratified, a commission will be appointed to per- form thia duty. It Is considered more than probable that the OgllTlo- •urrey will be accepted." YUKON MAIL SERVICE. The United States postofllce department has Issued an order estsb- llshlag an exchange of malls between Dyea, Alaska, and Dawson Olty» Oanada, beginning September M, from Dyea. The malla In question shall contain only letters and postal cards, t* the eiehnloB of all other artlcleo. The mall made up at the ofilco at Dyea for tho oflke at Dawson City shall contain letters and postal •aide addressed for dellTery at any place In the Yukon district of Oan- ada, and tho malls made np at tho oflco of Dawson Oty for tho oOco wl Dyea shall eoalain letteta and poetal cardn add rs sstd for doNTory •I MV placo ta tko United aiateo. |! nl It. ALASKA. 1>HB MBW BLDOBADO Tlite to tb* fonnal MwounceuiMit of th* Inaoguimtloa of tho now pooUl Mrrlco la tho gold rogton. which hiM boon ottabltohod thitragh •n ogroonont botweon thto countiy and OowuU. Tho eonttmet for por> forming the oerrico wlU be let by the Onnndlon goTommont, tho United Stateo pajing tho tatter for Ito ohoro of the expenoeo, booed on the stretch of Ataekon territory the route troTeroes. No newapopera con be got thongh thto winter, and all nuUled will be held there until they can be eent In by way of Bt Mlchartt In the iprlng. In the aumnier months there will be regutar mall aorrlco for both letters and papers by the way of Bt MIchaeto to Circle GIty, and prob- ably arrangements will be made to have an Interchange of mall be- tween Circle City on the Alasiia side of the line and Dawson City on the Canadian side. It Is expected that the Chnadlan government will open up an en- tirely new mall route by way of tho Btlckeen river and Lake Teslln next year. For the carrying of the mall by the present agreement, a targe number of trained dogs will be taken In from tho Hudson's Bay Company posts along the Ilackensle and at other points In the extreme north. Tho United Btateo has a regutar mall route between Juneau and Circle City, by way of Chllkoot pass, by which only lettem and postal cards are taken. This leaves Juneau the llrst of each month, the new Canadian service leaving In tho middle of tho month. There are at present no receiving and distributing ofllcea In the Interior except Circle City and Dawson, but several will no doubt soon bo ostnbltohed. -Ml Chapter II Geography, Climate and Resources Alaaka'ls a vast wlhlemess. It Is a great westward projection of the northern end of tho North American continent. Tho malntand to al- moot square In shape, except where It Is projected to tho southwest In a long peninsula between tho Padfle ocean and Behring sea, tho ponin* suta being supplemented by tho long lino of Alouttan totanda. until tho farthermost point, tho Istand of Attn, tho extreme western limit of tho United lutes, to MOO mileo woSchwatka, who made an unsuccessful attempt to ascend St. Ellas, to be a few hundred feet higher. St Ellas was ascended the past summer by Prince Lulgl and a party of Italian alpineers, guided by Americans, and Its height was ascertained to be 18,100 feet. On the coast south of St. Ellas and Logan are the Fairweather Alps, con- sisting of four peaks from 10,000 to 16,000 feet high. Wraugel, another high peak, said to hare an altitude exceeding S0,000 feet, lies farther Into the Interior, to the northwest of St. Ellas and In the Chopper rirer region. Farther to the south, on an Island opposite Sitka, is Mount Edgecumb, one of the earliest landmarks named by explorers and originally called San Jacinto by the Spanish explorers. In this Alpine region there are a multitude of tremendous glaciers, some of them terminating at the water's edge and constnntly dropping their froien offerings into the sea. The best k«*9wn of these are the Muir and Daridson glaciers, because these are Tisited by the tourist steamers. Glacier bay, the terminal of the tourist route. Is a long arm of the sea extending far inland Immediately east of the Fairweather Alps. At the head of Mulr inlet lies the tremendoua Muir glacier, Ita green wall of Ice rising like a rock cliff abruptly from the water and far aboT* the deck of the ressel that rentures near Its base. This ' rirer of lee flows steadily downward, Ita prograsa being marked by the huge icebergs that break from It with the detonation of artillery and plungo Into the sea, throwing the water high Into the air. These great let masaea float about the bay and out Into tho oeean until gradually melted, and the steamer that taken pleasvrt-aeekera to the foot of this grsat moTing wall of lea muat thread Ita way earafuUy among theoa floatlat lalanda. Olader bay la the ttrailnna of tka tmiriat rauta to Alaska, which Ilea contlttooiMly alonf the ahaltarad Inaar paasagas bf twaaa tka lalanda aod oMtaiaid. Uka the MTtgatloa •( ai Inland lakt, fli 11 '■• I f! \ : . I ■■ I '.. ■ . ■ -^^ ■ •■ ■' ■ ■ ■ ■■■.■ '■'/'-■ ' '-■ M AliASKA, THB KWW SLDOIUZX) and 111 eoMtoBt ?leir «f MNiie of tL« pmndttt actMry th* world Under the Inflneiiee of tlM J«poB cnmnt and protectod aonawhat by tbo coast noonntalna, tbo lalanda and tho nano^ atrip on tbo main- land betwooh the monntalna and tbo aaa baTO a mneb mlldar cUmato tban tba bleak Ulterior. Tbo ralnfaU la beavy and timber and graaa grow loxnrlantly. In tbo Interior timber growa to mucb amaller also and only near tbo lakes and wator couneo, wblle tbo dlmato la far more serere. Alaska la dlrlded almost In tbo middle by tbo groat Yukon rlTor, flowing from tbo eastern border, wltb a great sweep to tbo nor^Ji as far as tbe Arctic circle, and tben to tbo sontbwest, Into Bebrlng sea at Norton sonnd. It Is one of tbe great rlTors of tbe world, being S200 miles long, and for a long distance aboTo Its montb extremely wide. Its delta being 60 miles wide, and at places bundreds of mlAs Inland It broadens oat to a wldtb of 10 miles, and yet It Is nsTlgable. Tbe rlTor and Its numerous U&rge tributaries bare a total lengtb for llgbt draft rirer steemers of sn unknown length, tbrougb probably not leas than 4000 miles. Tbe Yukon beads In Northwest Territory, Canada, Ita Chief sources being the Pelly rirer, flowing weet from the Bocky mountains, and the Lewis rirer, flowing north from the lakes near the coast east of Juneau. Tbo Junction of these two rirers forms the Yukon pnn^, 204« miles from the sea, the Pelly b«1, unless better International regulations for their protection are agreed upon. Another valuable ampblbloiis animal Is the sea otter, found In the ocean along the entire coast By no meana so plentiful aa the seal. It to far more valuable, Individually, a single skin often being worth $160. They have several times been supposed to have been exterminated, but In a few years have reappeared again. The tond otter, a far less valuable animal, to the meet abundant of all fur-bearing animals In Alaska, except the fox. The beaver, once abuf«dant, has now become quite scarce and Its fur Is not In so much demand as 60 years ago.' il » t I I f 3 Dock Scene Before Sailim of an Alaska Steamer. ■HiH >.i; III 4f!l At* .' . ,1 . ' ■y»? •• 5 ^v.*" ;>> 'III! 'I I ;!m ALASKA, THE NEW ELDORADO Of the bear family there are aeTeral rarle^lea, the brown bear be* \ng the moat widely dlatrlbnted. They are fierce flghtera and are not hunted much, aa their aklna are not rery Taluable. The black bear It found In the timbered reglona and mountalna. Hla akin la raluable and he la leaa dangeroua to hnntera. The white, or polar, bear la found along the Arctic coaat. Bereral rarietlea of t'oxea contribute much to the fur market,, the moat nnmeroua and moat widely dla- tributed being the red fox, though the leaat valuable. The black or allrer fox la the one moat highly priaed for hla fur. He dttalna a large alje and hla habitat la the mountalna of the Interior. He rarira In color from allrer to Jet black. The blue fox la p highly-prlaed Tnriety. found on the Aleutian lalanda, where he la propagated for hla fur. Tlie allTer fox la extremely TaluaMe, and la found In the Yukon roglon. The white ^ox la found along the coaat of Behring aea and the Arctic The croaa fox la a mixture of the red and othera. The mink abonnda along the rtrera of the Interior and on the coaat In the foreat-coTered mountalna the lynx and gray and white wolTca are plentiful. WolTerinea are found In the lake and Yukon reglona. Muakrata, rabblta and riannota are abundant ererywhere. Deer abound, eapeclally In Boutheaatem Alaaka, but they hare been ao ruthleaaly alaughter^ for their hidea that they are In danger of belpir exterminated. Ir the Yukon country mooae, cariboo and deer are found of large alae. In the Alpine reglona of the coaat mountalna the maaama, or American chamolae, and mountain aheep are found. In the aummer of 1811 Minor W. Bruce, acting aa an agent of the goremment. Imported ITO reindeer from Siberia and e«tabll8hed a breeding atatlon at Port Clarence, near Behring atralt The purpoae of thia waa to aupply a reaerre of food for the ifiaklmoa, who were threatened with atarratlon la the winter time, owing to the extermina- tion of the walrua, wild reindeer and whale, their chief food aupply. Thla herd, by natural Increaae and new Importatlona, haa awelled to 1100 anlmala, other atatlona ha ring been eatabllahed at Point Barrow. Cape Nome and Oalorln bay. Dr. Sheldon Jaekaon, a well known Alaaka mlaalouary, waa the promoter of thla reindeer project. It la now propoaed to ntlllae theae anlmala for tranaportatlon purpoaea In the Yukon country during the winter aeaaon, both for carrying the mall and la hauling anppllea. The rerenue cutter Bear haa been di- rected to conrey twenty of them from Port Clarence to St lllchaela thla fall, and they may play an Important part In the work of aending relief Into the orer-crowded mln^>a thla winter. The reindeer caa And aubalatenc* by dlga!ng roota, BBoaa and g raaaea from the froaen anow. and thua haa a great adrrntage orer both doga and boraea. bealdea being much awlfter of feet. Now that AUaka la gaining ao rapidly In popuUllon, the qneatloa of agricnltora la beconlnf an Important one. A gorawawH commla* alMi haa bata appolBtad t» lareatlgntr and report npoa the agrlenHnral peaaibllltlea af that leglea, aai thla taport wlU danbt l aiia be aabmlttad ta faagrfaa at tta aett ataalaa. Bxpertnifat alatloaa wlU probably ba a I a i r 1 \\ 51 i mwiHiaii -:»•;;• . • . r. tl yi\\ ALASKA, TBB NBW BLDOBADO MUbllslied M ft iMolt of this report. OondlUoaa mmi toTOiftbl* for •uch eoreftlo and regutiiblM •• maturt quickly. Btoo In tlio Tnkoa region ass^mer ▼•gvtablea may be grown. VtM qneatkm of atock-rala- Ing la alM an Important ouc. The lalanda along the coaat aopply abundant food for atock, but the cold ralna, aleet and raw wlnda art hard upon anlmala, eapeclally aheep, and little ascceaa haa been met with thua far. It la belloTed that cattle may be ralaed In the intortor. aa ntitrltlona graaaea and moaiee abound. 'i:'t II ' ':ti' HI,'; '111! "'•111 : Chapter III ' -^ ■\ .;. Gold Discovery on theYoukon .''''■'•■ The moat authentic datf, cf the dlacoTory and working of tho Yukon gold phicera In the Interior of Alaaka la that gathered by Hanrtd A B. Goodrich, of the United Btatea Geological Surrey, whooe uccoont appear* aa a portion of the ofllclal report of J. B. Spurr, who waa dlree* ' r (': ' tor of the expedition which recently retum«d from the Yukon country. According to thia report, a Bueolan exploring back of Sitka early In the century found seTeral pl<.>ce* of rich quarta, but Baranoff, the gOT- ',''*'', '; , emor and manoger of the fur company, did not want any mining car> ried on, and ordered the finder of the ore to atop proepectlng. Not until HIS waa any proepectlng done In the Interior. Following the Fraier ' _. ^ rtTer excitement. In IIU, and the opening of th« Oaeelar minea ft little I '; •,' , later, gold placera were diacovered and worked on the Stickeen river, yielding $10 per day to the man. In IMI W. P. Blake began proepect* Ing on that atream, and after going M milea up the riTor, came to the conclusion that "there le erery reaeon to beUoTe that tha gold re* gton of the Interior »xtenda along th . mountains to the ihoreo of the Icy eea, and la thus connected wItL the gold regiona of Aeia." Soon afterwarda the finding of minute apecka of gold by aoma of the Hudson Bay Company's men on ttie Yukon, in the Tlcinity of Fort Selkirk, waa reported, but the metal was not in quantitiea suOlelent to warrant a rush to the locality. In 18^9 Ketchum and Labarge, mem- here of the Western Union teleghiph expedition, asconded the Yukon and found evidencee of gold on the upper rlrer. Theee were caaual obsenratlooB, bowvTer, and It was not until 1(76 that aystematle proa- pectiog for the yellow stuff was begun by George Holt. He brought to the coast glowing accounts of coarse gold on the upper L«wia river. Tbo Indians murdered him later on. Other reports of the same kind staried ft rush for the Interior by miners and prospectors. The only practicable routea lay orer the passes iu the Coast range of mountains. There were four of theaa passes, but Chllkooi pass, though excesalrely rough and dlSlcult, waa u:\ .'! ^C^ i 9 ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO 27 nearly alwrys preferred. From time Immemorial tbe Indiana of tbe coaat bad maintained a monopoly of trade witb ao ^'»iled Stick Indiana of tbe Interior. In bartering, tbe latter were permitted to come aa far as Cbllkoot pau, wbere tbey were met by tbe coast Indians. Tbe post* tlon of tbe latter o Intermediaries between tbe wbltea and tbe Indians of tbe Interior waa Tery profitable to tbem, and tbeir monopoly delayed tbe derelortt^ent of tbe country for aoTeral yeara. In 1879, bowerer, tbey for tbe Urst time permitted tbe wbltea to enter, and tbe remoral of tbe embargo resulted In tbe dIscoTery of gold-bearing ledges near Taku. Tbe Interior of Alaska, wblcb preTlously bad been terra ln« cognlta, was tbua tbrown open, and from tbia time datea tbe derelop- ment of tbe gold-mining Industry. In 18S1 four minera crossed tbe pasa and prospected tbe Big Salmon rirer. Tbey reported gold tbe wbole lengtb of tbat atream. In tbe following year a well-organlied expedition attempted to ptospect tbe Yukon fnm tbe otber end. In Juie tbe party, consisting of 4B men under tbe Icadersblp of Edward and Eff Scbleffelln, bougbt a steamer and ascended tbe Yuk'/O as far aa Nuklukayet, wbere tbey wintered. Tbey prospected mar;y small creeks and riTsra, and found some grarel hart tbat yielded I'lO a day per man. In tbe prospect every pan sbowcd gold. But tbe conclusion drawn was tbat tbe country would nerer pay for mining operatlona on account of tbe aererity of tbe winters and tbe abortness of tbe open seaaon. Tbla trip la Interesting mainly because It rerulted In tbe first report of gold In United St#tes territory, all tbe former prospecting tours baring been In Britisb Possessions. In tbe fall of IMS some miners brougbt Into Juneau $1000 of coarse gold, wblcb tbey said came from tbe Yukon. Tbla caused grea'. excite* ment. and In tbe following spring tbere was a rusb, orer 100 men cross* Ing tbe mountains. A couple of years later tbe rusb was still continu- ing, and two men cleared up |1S,000 by "rocking" on a bar about 100 miles from tbe uoutb of Stewart ri?er. Tbe locker Is tbe same tbing aa tbe Oallfomla c>'«dle— « bottomless box set on roekera and diTlded Into tbree conipartmenta. Tbe grarel la tbrown Into tbe upptr com- partment and by setting tbe rocker In motion. Is sifted tbrougb a rbeet- Iron mesb Into tb« lower compartment, In wblcb a dotb catcbes the finer sand and gold and strains tbe water. Tbe material tbua collected Is taken out and panned. In tbla primltire way Stew.irt rirer w-is prospected for tOO miles from Its moutb. Tbe total gold k>roduced by all tbe Yukon country In tbat year. IMt. was estimated at about |7l.ri00. In tbe spring of lUf Oasslar bar, 10 miles below *!ie mootb of Big Salmon rirer. was dlscor* ered, and the yield was reported at 111 a day per man. tbe total output of tbe plaeers tbere being IM.OOO. In the late antumo of IIM a miner ■aned Fninklta had dlacorefd gold nsftr the iMuth of Shltaado rirer. otherwise hMw« as rorty-Mlle crsek. A. tUmpeda fMlowad uad tba esoip of Forty-Mlie waa foanded. !■ thti lattar part of IMT rraihlla gikh waa atrvek. balag aaaad !■ hoMT of the dloeoroior of rortjr-llllt. Thio locotttf haa baoo a eon* •teat '*payor^ oror alMOb The ofeuMtor of tho foM foiuid IhoM lo r I ' !ti.. :!!:■ ■mi ''5'; ■if;'' n ALASKA. THB NBWCLDOBADO nuggvty, ■>■■— of coMUUraM* alM btlng ooaunoo, Fnuiklla fvlch hat th« fam* of harlng prodvcotf tlM two Uurgost nnggoto OTor found la the TnkMi regloB, worth fSOO and |tSf r9«v«etlT«lj. The dlacoTWj and "working of thla gnlch mark an adTanco from the prlmltlTO bar work* Inff to the gulch diggings, In which alulco bozos ars uaod and tho cur- rent of a stream made to perform moot of the work. The first estimate of the production of the Yukon placera Is In the report of the director of the mint for ISM. It states the quantity of gold obtained at $60,000, but the figure Is much too small. Tlio estlnoato for that jear bj the goTomor of Alaska was $176,000. The erent of 1891 was the dlacoTery of Miller's creek by O. O. Miller, a noted pros- pector In the Yukon country. This creek had been prospected before, but had been glTon up, because the surface graTel which did not bear gold was so deep. In the first year of actual work, howerer, one claim yielded $30,000. In the ^ ^ Inff of 18fS many new claims were staked out In this locality, and 80 n i out $100,000. Since that Ume Miner's creek has been the beavle. oducer of the Forty-Mile district, and uutU recently of the whole Yukou. Its entire length lies In British ter- ritory. In the spring of 188S the reported richness of placers In the Interior caused a rush of miners, over SOO men being employed In the Forty- Mile district alone. In the summer of that year two Russian half- breeds, named Pltka and Borresco, i sported gold on Birch creek. Bighty men went from Forty-Mile to the new district, which was soon found to be very rich. A town was built there called Olrcle Olty, from Its proximity to the Arctic circle, and this settlement soon bscams the moot Important :n the Interior. In the meantime the Koyukuk river was being prospected, and $80,000 was taken from that sUeam. The total amount produced by the Yukon placers In 1884 was double that of the year before, the two campa of Forty-Mile and Birch creek getting out $408,000. With the gold from the placers was some silver. In 1886 the output had doubled again. Eagle creek was opened up, ebowing the prettieot gold thus fsr obtained on the Yukon. A little proepecting was done on l\>rcupine creek, where a result of 10 cents to the pan waa secured. The total output of the Yukon phicers that ysar was $708,000, Birch creek being the foremost producer. The latest eicltement begsn during ^.he latter part of August of last year, when It was reported at Forty-Mile that rich placers had bsen discovered on tho waters of thn Klondike river. Klondike Is a miner's corruption of the Indian name Throndiuk, meaning water full of fish. The stream has long been a favorite fishing ground for the Indians; It enters the Yukon 46 mtlce below the mouth of Sixty-Mile, end 16 mllso above old Fort Reliance. There was a great stampede to the new region, so that In the winter of 1880-87 Forty-Mile was almost deserted, and 860 men were on the Klondike. The most Important parts of this district now are on Bonansa and Hunker creeks. On the former the first discovery wss mads, $1000 being taken out In a few days. Since tlist time 400 ctsims have been located, op to January of the preeent year only, and half ss luauy on Hunker creek. '. ▲I«A8KA, TBB NEW BLDOBADO The expectatoB !• that hjdraiillclBg will be employed on a large Male tome day on the Yukon for mining the placers, bnt the method le cootly and rcqnlree much caidtaL At present the miner's Implements are of the slmplcet, consisting generally of a hand goMpan, spade^ whipsaw and ax. The geological snrrey's estimate of the yield of the Ynkon placers during ISN Is |1,400,0M. The yield of 1117 Is Tarioady A Mining Shsft on the Klondike. estimated as high as |l«.MO,fM. of which some |t,000,MO to |4.M0,«M has alroady bsen bronght ont of the country. The purpose of Oeelsgist ■purr's expedHloa was to Ind the souret IMS ▼hkh the gold of the Yukon placers was derived. This probism was abislutely sslTsd by the dtoceirety «( a glgaatto belt ef aurtfweus rstfks at Isaal Nt mllsa Isng and from M to IM mllso hi width. The r •i :^^w^r"«^w^ »■ . ALASKA. Tam mmw bldobado J' 'Htll I It I . it;:; 'I';,' .»"■, ♦"1.,, '■'Hi-, ■in,;;- r I' s .!,>'\ S*V;../ ' b«lt lo quMtlon pM«M from Brltlah territory Into Anwleuk la ttao neighborhood of Forty-Mllo crook. It has a northwootorlj trond. and croMM tho Yukon riror near tho month of Porenplno rivor, thonco trending etUl northward for an unknown distance Inte an onezphwed country. Bpeeka of bright gold are seen occasionally on tho surface of the rocks, but the bulk of the preclons metal Is disguised In the form of sulphides and In combination with Iron pyrites. Immense bodlee of ore are In sight, of unknown thickness. The authorities of the geological surrey belloTO that the Alaskan gold deposits are destined to riral In productlTcness those of South Africa. Naturally, the miners have struck first for the graTol depoelts, because they are on the surface and easily accessible. During ages past the streams ha?e worn away the gold-bearing rocks, fetching down psrildes of the yellow metal. The latter, being heavy, hare sunk to the bottom and haTO remained while the lighter particles floated away. Thus st length a natural auriferous concentrate was formed, and It Is these deposits that the miners hsTO been worklug. At a future day, provided with the proper machinery and the necessary capital, they will attack the Tlrgln rocka from which the metal of the grarels Is derlTcd, and then the Yukon ralley will become In all probability the greatest gold-producing region of the world. A report of the gold dlscoreries and the character and extent of the new gold fields was made to the Canadian gOTemment thla year by William Ogllrie, who has been In that region for several years as chief of the Canadian International boundary survey. In his reiwrt he Says: "Klondike Is a mispronunciation of the Indian word Throndak,' or Thronduick,' which means 'plenty of fish.' The discovery of gold In branches of this stream, I believe, was due to the reporte of Indians. A white man named J. A. Carmlch, who worked with me In 1U7, was the first to take advantagf of the rumor, and located a claim In the first branch, which was named by the miners Bonansa creek. Carmlch reached his claim In August. He hsd to cut some logs and get pro> visions to enable him to begin work on his claim. Hs returned with a few weeks* provisions for himself, wife and brother-in-law (Indians), In the Isat of August, snd Immediately set about working his claim. The gravel Itself be had to carry In a box on his back from SO to 100 feet. Notwithstanding this, three men working very Irregularly washed out $14,200 In eight days, and Carmlch asserts that had he proper tacll* Itles he could have done It In two days. "A branch of the Bonansa named Eldorado has prospected mag- nificently, and another branch named Tilly creek has prospected weU. There sre about 170 claims staked In the main creek and the branches are good for as many more, aggregating about 160 good claims, which will require over a thousand meu to work properly. A few milea further up, Bnir creek enters the Klondike, and It has been proopecteu and located on. About II miles abovs the mouth of Bear creek. Gold Bottom creek Joins the Klondike, and on a branch of It named Hunker creek, very rich ground has been found. On Gold Bottom ersek and ALASKA, THE NEW ELDORADO SI branches there trill probably be two or three hnndred clalma. The Indians hare reached another claim much farther ap which they call Too Mnch Gold creek, on which the gold Is so plentiful the minen saj- In Joke, 'You hare to mix grarel with It to sluice It.* Up to date noth- ing definite has been heard from this creek. "From all this we think we hare here a district which will give 1000 claims of 400 feet In length each. Now 1000 such claims will require at least tOOO men to work them properly, and as wages for working In the mines are from |8 to |10 per da^, we have every reason to assume that this particular territory will In a year or two contain 10,000 souls at least, for the news has gone out to the East, and an unprecedented Influx Is anticipated next spring. "And this Is not all, for a large creek called Indian creek Joins the Yukon midway between Klondike and Stewart rlrera, and all along this creek good pay dirt may be found. All that stood In the way of working heretofore has been the scarcity of prorlslons and the dlfll- culty of getting them up there. Indian creek Is quite a large stream, and It Is probable It wlU yield ^ or 600 claims.** "Further south yet lie the ends of sereral branches of Stewart rlT«;r, on which some prospecting has been done and good Indications found, but the want of proTlslons preTented derelopment Now gold has been found In sereral of the streams Joining Pelly rlrer, and also along the Hootallnqua. In the line of these finds furthar south are the Casstar gold fields In British Columbia, so the presumption Is that we hare In our territory along the easterly branches of the Yukon a gold- bearing belt of Indefinite width and upward of IOC milea long, exeluslre of the British Columbia part Qnarta of good quality la reported In the hUls around Bonansa creek, but of this I wlU be able to speak more fully after my proposed surrey. "It Is pretty certain from Information I bare got from prospectora that all or nearly all of the northerly branch of White rtrer la on our aide of the line, and ocqpper k found on It I bare also seen a specimen of sIlTsr ore said to hare been picked up In a creek flowing Into Ben- nett lake, about 14 miles down It on the eastern side. "When It waa fairly established that Bonania ereek waa rich In gold there was a rush from Forty-Mile. The town was almost deserted, lien who had been In a chronle state of dmnkennesa for weeks were pressed Into boata aa ballaat and taken np to stake IhemselTco a claim, •nl dalna were staked by aen for their friends who were not In the country at tko tlBO.** : '^J -r * '-> 't\ >: e Chapter IV General Conditions in the Gold Fields Jomvk LadMk tk*'foiiad«r of Dawmb Olty, bi ui iBtMrvtoir pab> Uibcd la th« B«ptMnlMr nnmber nl MeOliin^t Ifaiil—, VMk> m follows of eundltlou la that nglMi aad of ailatag BMthoda: '^Working a dalm caa go oa at all Maaoao of tlio jmr, and put of tlio proccoa Is beat la wlater, bat proopcctlag la good miIj la nuaiaar, whta tbo water la flowlag aad tho grooad looao. That la aaothor raa- aoB why It la vaelcaa for aew baada to go la bow. Thoy caaaot do any- thlag except work for othera till aprlag. Thea they caa proapect with water flowlag aad the grouad aoft If they atrlko It they caa atako out their claim, clear a patch of treea, uaderbmah, aad atoaea, aad work the aurface till wloter seta la. Wo qolt the 'paa' or 'haad* method thea. Hie Yocker* la almoat aerer oaed except la 'aolplag/ which la a light aorface aearcb oa uaclalmed laod or oa a claim that la Bot belag worked for eaongh to pay expenieo or to ralae a 'grab* atake.' Aa aooa aa the water freeiea ao that it woo't flow lo oa a mao, we begla to dig to the bedrock, aometlmes forty foet dowa. Tho grouod la f rosea, too^ la wloter, of course, bat by 'burolog* it, aa wo . aay, we caa aoftea It eaough to let pick aad ahorel la. All the dirt la piled oa ooe side, aad whea s'lriag opeas agaia, rdeaaing the water, we put up our slulcea aad wasi It all aummer or till we hsTO eaough. There haa aot beeo aay quarti mlalag yet oa the Yukoa, but back of the placers, la tho hlUa whicb hsTO aot beea proapected, the wlglaal ledges must be holdlag good tblags for the capitalist "Life oa the Kloodike Is pretty qalet. If est of ths mca there aro hard workers; but the climate, with the loag wlater alghts, forces us to be idle a great deal, aad miuers are miaers, of course. Aad there is Tcry little gOTerameat. The poiat is, howeter, that such goreni- meat aa there is, is good. I llks ths Cauadlaa ofllcera, the Oaoadlaa lawa, aad the Oaaucka themselTes. ' The police are strict aad eflldeBt. The csptalB wss a flas msu, but he hsd more thaa he could do this laat aeaaoa, whea the ruah for tho Kloudike came. I^t begaa la August a year ago, aad aa the rumor apread up aad dowa tho Tukoa, the towaa aad mlalag campa were deserted by OTorybody who could get away. Ifro left the womeu to come oa after them, aad hurried off to tbo Kloodika to lay out claims. Oirde Olty was dsaaed out. There waao't room eoough oa the ateamer to take all who waated to get away to the bow dlgglaga, aad maay a good>paylBg dalm waa abaadoaed for the atUl better oaea ob the ereeka that ouike tho K1ob> dike. The captala of tho police had oaly a few men without horae* to detail arouad over the cbilma, aod, beaidee hie regular dutlsa, he had i ; i a * a «i*' .f.': .'>•• .i •:■ ■f"./.> '• )* M- ".♦• .'f* 'J:l ";;.^-?i":'V-^'-^V :f:>^^^ . V.:: ..-?.'• ■'«, i ."■■<'■' '{A ?•:>■ v^;-;*" ^ • ' r ;>'*■•' I Jl » ^y*.i .' 1 '>i '^y-^. 'i'f. ,^J;iu.■>;' 'vK K*^t, f<}A:f ♦■.i^^^ ■ .^v Sir 'V . ',. t^l I- r » r,.i< "vH'ifl- MHMMlHiMMlMHBiiailiiillii tm> m -^mmr ALASKA, THE NEW ELDORADO t» act M reflBter of claims and settle dispates that were broogbt to him. And there were a good many of these. The need of cItII officers Is Terjr great, espclally of a snnrejor. "The miners on the Yukon* are shrewd, experienced men, and sometimes thej are tricky. I do not like the kind of goTemment they set np for tbemsrircs, except In the rery first stages. It Is all by miners' meetings. They begin by being fair, but after a while cliques are formed, which run things to suit the men who are in them, or, which Is just as bad, they turn the sessions Into fun. Nobody can get Jnstlco from a miners' meeting when women are on one side. "When Bonanaa Creek was opened up some of the claims got mixed up In the rush, and the measurements were all wrong. Notices were posted on the store doors and on the houses, calling a miners* meeting to settle the boundaries of claims. As was usual In such meetings, a committee was selected to mark off the claims all the way np the creek with a fifty-foot rope. Somehow a rope only forty feet long was sneaked In, and that made all the claims short The space that was left OTcr was grabbed by the fellows who were In the game. "Sometimes In winter, when there Is plenty of time, a dispute that Is left to the miners' meeting grows Into a regular trial, with lawyers (there are sereral among the miners) engaged for a fee, a committee in place of the Judge, and a regular Jury. Witnesses are examined, the lawyers piake speeches, and the trial lasts tlU nobody who listens to It all, knows what to think. I nerer liked It The best way, ac> cording to my experience, for two men who can't agree, to hare a settlement Is to choose their own committee, each side picking a rep- resentatire and both selecting a third. Then the committee Is fair, and generally the decision Is satisfactory. "Most of the time when the men cannot work Is spent in gambling. The saloons are kept up In style, with mirrors, decoratidns, and fine, polished, hardwood bars. No cheating Is allowed, and none Is tried. The saloon-keepers won't hare It In their places. Nobody goes armed, for It Is no use. Swne of the men are the kind that would take natur- ally tQ shooting, but they don't try It on the Yukon. The only case that I know of was when James Cronlster shot Washburn, and that didn't amount to anything, because Washburn was a bad man. There was a Jury trial, but the rerdlct was that Cronlster was J ^noed. "The only society or organisation for any purpose besides business la there Is the Yukon Pioneers. I don't belong to that so I don't know much about It It Is something like the California Pioneers of '41. They hare a gold badge In the shape of a triangle with T. P. on It and the date 'It. To be a member you must hare oome Into the country before IIM. "We need a great many things besides gold. We have no coin. Gold dust and nuggets pass current by weight at about fifteen doUan and ftfty cents to the ounce. It Is pretty rough reckoning, as, for In- ataaesk when a man brings in a nugget nixed with quarts. 1>eB we take It altogether, gmrel and gold, for pure gold, and nuike It np on ■M: M ALASKA, TBB NBW BLDOBADO m vV. V>.:' '•'< th« good*. Oarpenten, UacktmltlM— «]l the tnd«t--«ra wantod, and BMB who caa work at tbem can make mach mora than th« atwago miner. Tlwy can't maka what a Inckj miner can, bat If they an an* terprlelnf they can make a good stake. Wages ara |li a day,, hot n man who works for hlms^ can make much mora than that. 1 hate gone Into the logging bnslness with a mill at Dawson. The spnice trees ara thirty Inches throngh, and after rafting them down fram OgllTle and Forty If lie, you get |1S0 a thoosand foot for them sawed Into boards. Then then Is bntchering for the man who will drlTO sheep over In the summer. It has been done, and Is to be done again. But It Is nsdess for me to go on telling all the oecnpatlons that wonld pay high profits. The futuro of the Northwest country Is not so long as that of a country that can look forward to other Industries than min- ing and the business that depends on mining, but It Is longer than the ■ life-time of any of us; The surface has been pricked In a few places, but I do not know that the best has been found, and I am quite sura no one has any Idea of the tremendous extent of the placer diggings, to say nothing of the quarts that Is sura to follow. Then, all the other metals, sllrer and copper and Iron, hare been turned up, while coml Is plentiful. I belloTe thoroughly In the country. AU I hare doubt about Is the character of some of the men who ara rushing In to get rich by just picking up the gold." . The conditions In the mines about Dawson in July, 1897, ara thus described by Charles Haines, In a letter from that city: "The rich diggings have been comparatively Idle during the sum- mer, although the output from Eldorado and Bonanza creeks was enor- mous, and there is plenty of gold In sight Tbera Is every prospect of an Immense output of gold from the district next spilng. The total output this season Is, as near as I can Judge, abiiut 17,000,000, but very little ground has been worked, abd the dumps will, Uke some of the tailings of old California placen, pan out thousands of dollan when worked with linproTed machinery. The placen ara the most pnxsllng and deceiving I have ever seen. Imagine a man working on 'good color* and finding the ground worth only a few dollan per day, and then turning to a waste of mud and moss, with no surface Indlcatlona, and unearthing a bonania. That Is the situation hera, and all over Alaska. "The man who comes hera to mine does so at the expense of health and happiness, and It Is with him a question of making a fortune quickly or taking chances with death. "About me ara scores of men who can weigh their gold by the bucketful, and who value their cUlms at millions. Four hundred val- uable diggings along the creeka, and every digging la a fabuloua mine of gold, yet then are weary men who have gone and ara ratuming to Dawson after searching the grant country heraabout, and never a nug- get do they show for their toll, havlui made a long tramp over broken ground,' and into a country whose natural •disadvantages ara exceeded by no other place on earth. ALASKA, TBB NBW BLDOBADO "This Alaska-Northwest Territory gold Add Is an odd prlse^raw- Inf proposition that I can liken to nothing that admits of a better com* parison than a lottery. A namber of spots are selected on the creeks and the rtrers, and for one year the miner labors. The year closes, the water runs, and the season's ontpnt barely pays expenses. Not two miles away from the unfortunate one works a man who has taken fitom an nnlnT**iii«*blt of earth a sackful of gold. The lucky ono did not strike the pocket because of his ability as a miner; chance faTored him, and that was alL In short, the miner guesses at It and looates any and ererywhere. In 19 cases out of 10 he misses It, and has to wait another year for a new trial. "Dawson Is merely a coUeotlon oi log huts, saloons and a mass of tents, about 600 In number. When the long nights come, and the glass goes down to 66 degrees below sero, there wlU be Intense suffering here, and I shudder to think of the results. "ProTlslons are going to be rery scarce, and there Is Uttle reason to doubt that the entire town will hare to go on short rations during the winter, and that scurry will be rampant "The gold that will go down the rirer for shipment out this year will amount to about $2,000,000. There is a lot of gold that wUl remain In camp, for It Is used as an equlralent of money, and Is legal tender at $17 per ounce. Of the SOOO or 4000 Inhabitants, only a couple of hun> 4red at the most hare made big strikes. There Is plenty of work at from 116 to $20 per day, and many men hare paid $2.60 per day or less for Hrlng, and sared the balance. "Reports of other strikes are constantly recelTCd here, and many are authentic so far as Stewart and PeUy rirers are concerned, but nothing like so rich as the Klondike has been reported. Quito a num- ber of people are preparing to leare here for Juneau In case the steam- ers do not get through with proTlslons, and the outlook for a good grub supply Is not encouraging "In conclusion, the Alaska and Northwest Territory gold fields will be dOToloped slowly. Ten thousand men may come here, but they will be lost In the Tast country when they spread out to prospect Not more than 600 of them win strike a mine. When they do strike pay grarel, their fortune Is made. In years to come, when at the sacrifice of human life and energy, the treasures of this great land are located, the wealth of the Northwest win be something beyond comprehenston." Mflton lllsamore, whose trip down the Yukon Is described else- where in this Tolume, thus speaat of the itata of affairs at Dawson upon his arriral In June, 1697: *^ben we reached hero we found that the reported mines were not fakea. These aro probably the richest placer diggings In the world. They dalm that as much as |600 has been taken out of one pan of givnL An tho men working ftw wages last winter In the nines rt* ealTed IL60 an hour, and are now roceltlng 111 a day, with no UkM* hood of wages betag redneod. Carpentan employed hero recolTO the and BO wagea art leas tlMui fit a day* Then aro two ;! ALA8KA, TBB NEW WLOOSADO ■• I e I' I •twwb witli a coMMterabto stoek of foods ooch. Tliara la aMtkw !■• m«uo atoM'la coano of coMtmetkm. Thoiro to pltntj et all kl<)ido of provtolona kor* aow, with tbo oxcopUoa of Iwcoa and driod tntL All iMcoa bnwfflit In oror tho trail brlaga M ctuta a pound Ttvj roadUy. Flour to choapi •cUIng at $14 a barrtl. Drj granvtotod aoga? brlaga M conta, brown angar ti coats, driod apptoa tS coata, beaaa It ooata, bak- lag powdor ^IM a pooad, bnttor $1.10 a roU. Halr«vttlag eoata |tM aad abaTlag M coata; commoa boardlpg boooo noato aro ILOO, whtoky M coats a driak, cigars M coats. Thoro art. noro salooaa tbaa aay otlio^' kinds of boslncos. Tbero to ono daaco houso wltL four or flvo girls, aad moro comlag. Tbsro arc a doaoa or noro faro tablfr« nia- aing, which Tocogalso ao other Halt thau the roof, mblcb !• If foot, aad some of tho high rollers aeari/ pis/ tho limit There aro aomer- ous bnsloesses repreeented here, such as doctors, watchmakers^ brok- ers, laundrj, tlaaer, btorksmltL, etc. Nearly all iMislaeaa Is belag doao la teats, framed with timbers. There Is a small mill here, bat the out* pat to aothlng compared with the demaad for Inmber. Lumber Is selllag at |150 a thousaad and togs $46 a thonsaad, with each a scarcity of tho totter that the mill canaot keep rnnalng all the time. "The citj to located on the Yukon, one-half mile from tho month of tho Klondike. The Ktondike to abont the stoe of the Gtockamas riTor, and the Yukon to fully a mile wide here. The mines aro wonderfully rich. On Eldorado creek they took from a prospect hole 4 by T foot MIOO. No. St got from four buckets of graTd ISSOO. this quantity being about 40 pans, making It maont |I0 to the pan. No. tO took out of their slulco>box 100 pounds of gold In six hours, two men only being employ Jd In the sbovellng. Usny others aro said to b« doing as well. Thene three i«:lnes are on the Eldorado creek, about tO niloa from ^aw« son : y.f. aiidorado Is a branch that empties Into the Bonansa ,whlcb Utter empties Into the Klondike. AU tho mines aro on flat, boggy ground, and cannot be worked successfully white the weather Is warm, aa tho streaata aro high aad much drainage water runa Into them. There are few aummer mints hero now, and they are do^ng Uttle^ aa tbero la not enough water to ran their slulceo now. T1i« nearest minea to thto place aro flve or alz milea dtotant. and no one seems to know how many ctalms have been staked out. B? ery bit ot gronad for ti or 40 miles oo the Kloadlke to ctolmed. most of which wlU bo worked thto wlnftf. It Is the general opialoo here that there will be ptoaty of work fov eTerybo(*y, Br.«i some ars of ti* opialoo Chat soaie of the mlaoa wib pay as b'gh as fZO before the wlut^r Is over. "It is aeceeeary that wages should bo high la some of them, aa food to high. Ob BIdorado creek at the aearcat polat flour to worth |tO a sack, brown sugar 10 coats, beaaa 40 coats, etc. The rataa for pack> lag from Dawsoa Olty aro about |l.iO a baodred for each mito of dto* taacf . Th«. "Mtuth of BIdorado creek Is II miles dtotaat, awklag freight 9ti to that polr>t, aat*. to tho ead of tho frail |tO, which to aa f ar aa goods caa bo packed aow. At prsooat horses are aaed soom, a good hoffso being cnpabto of carrying tM pounda. la winter dofs and ALASKA. THE NBW ELDORADO •ledgM ar? iwed. It wlU be at Icaat two and one-balf noiitha befora there la much demand for labor, and It la no time to proapect, aa the large rlrera are all high. "It haa bi'«n rerj warm erer aince I atmch the Tvkon, and may get mnch wt ner yet daring the coming month. Jnat aa aoon aa the ann goea down it bfglna to freeae, forming qnlte a acvm of Ice orer poola daring the time that the ann la below the horlaon. We haTe not had any night for the laat month,* nor won't haTe for the aame time to come. The mooqaltoa are rery bad, althongh there are Icae of them here In town than •» the flata. It aeema atrange that where the ann ahlnca hot ao contlnnonaly the gronnd ahonM remain froaen, bnt It la the caae. Here In Dawaon the gronnd la froaen aoUdly to within alz inchea of the anrface." The condltlona of life along the Tnkon are thna deaerlbed by W. W. Caldwell ,of Rochcater, Mo., who came ont of the conntry thla year with a large quantity of gold doat after two yeara of hard tzpcrlence. He owna an Intercat In three ralnable clalma on the Klondike. He aay»: "I remember the time In Dawaoh Olty when It waa a common alght to aee bottlce, tin cana, bncketa and erery aTallable Teaael, wood or metal, atanding about on ahelTca, tables, In comera, ererywhere, In open eight, full of gold, thouaanda upon thooaanda of dollara* worth In every aback and atore. Nobody e^er thoi«5ht of loelng any of It or haT* log any of It atolen, for there la an unwritten mlner'a law that la more i>otent than any on your atatutee. Neat aprlng, howoTer, when the biff crowd geta In there, they'll not leave It lie around ao looaety, thouf h It would be folly for any crook to attempt to get away with anybody'a gold, for he could nerer get out of the country with It, and of courae when caught hia trial and eiecuthm wouM be abort and certain. "I can't Imagine what all the people who Intend to go up neit year Intend to dev for all the clalma on the Klondike, Eldorado and Bonanaa are taken, and unleaa they work for othera or buy clalma I don't aee anything for them to dov except to atrike out In new directlona and proapect for other gold beda. If many will do thla, and there will be nothing elae for them to do, It wlU tend to develop many new flelda, and tha once who will ba neareat the new acoreriee will be the fortunate onea for the time being, and ao on t; will go for yeara, many making fallurea of It and a few atriking It t oh. I am afraid there are too many men going In there phyalcally unqualified for the work, more than tor the aererity of tha winter. Thaoa will drap out by the bun- drtda, either dying there or If able will get back to drlllaatlan. My •drlco would be to thoaa having the Kiandlka tovur to haM a aart af •atf-comiiunlon, and lad mH If they art willing t» mderga the aoll< tvda. tha tfarfcaaaa, canraa faad and hard MMual warfe attaadlng a wlnttr^ tflfflhfi Ml ft clfti*. II aatia Ml aaly grit, Mt pattaMt a( tfet fearale afdtr, far Iha uMa art alwajn ifftlnal fa« thraigli N ftU. Ift i ff^ ftffttr toMtkiff rtwr daSai, yvti feavt to tfirt as Ite ai ! ( I I I I I { I ALASKA. THB NBW ■LDOBADO r of work fM «• lolag to do tad Bvmbor of ■•■ yov pnpoot to •ad thoB cokidato on tko avmlMr of coido of wood jtm will log tbo Ato moBUMf diggtaf. All this wood BMt bo cot to tho wua* nor and takoa to yoor daUa, haady for roadj aoo. la othor words, It lo hard work fron oao oad of tho yoar to tho othor, aad at tha oad yoa Biaj hoTo hardly oaovgh to pay fOr yonr gmli. 'ThocUmato lo aot to oovoro as poopio Uaaglao. It lo a dry, oioar, bradoff, healthy eOld that glvoo one a raTonooo appotlto aad dta a maa to do tho work of two ordlaary moa la a moro tomporato cUaaato. Tta hoars lo tho rsgalattoa day's work, and thrso sqparo moals, aw^ • If a maa Is anyways rognlar and cooks his fOod tho daagor from scarry Is small. Thors haTO boon bat fow cosss of sear?y, and thtso amonf moo who woro too laay to cook thoir food aad woro goaorally cartlsss aboot thomsdTss. "Dorlng tho wlotor months thoro oro only from two to foor hoars of twilight. It being light onongh to soo, bat not to rood by. Oaadlso aro assd all tho tlmo, sad somotlmoo havo to bo assd tn tho mlddlo of tho day to oat yoar dinner by. Tho snowfall Is aot hsaTy--not nesr so heaty as In Montana— nor aro there many storms. Tho cold, how* over, Is bitter, and tbo mereaiy goes down pretty low. "All proTislons hSTo to bo cached on a high platform bnllt on posto, some eight or ten feet from tho gronnd. In order to protect them from dogs, woItoo and bears. In tho morning the day's proTlslons aro token oat by moons of a ladder, and tho bacon or meat and othor staff placed near the Are, where It thaws.** Ifllton Mlsamore, of Portland, who has Jnst rotamod from tho Ynkon country, thns speaks of condltlono aa they ealst thsre: "A man to haTO even a reasonably complete ontflt most not flgaro on lees than IM poands of eataMeo for each month of his eontemplated stay. Now, yon woald asy thst 1100 poands of provisions wonld bo a year's supply; yet It woald not be enoagh If yoa expected to stoy a year, because If yoa were to stoy so long, you could not get away for a number of montba longer. Thus, If yoa Iosto hero next spring and remalB la the Alasksa Interior until the followlog winter, yon could not get away from there thea until the following spring, by whieh tlmo your supply of provisions would bo exhausted, aad yon would have nothing to get out with unless jou buy moro there. Bo 1100 pounds Is less than you need, If you expect to stay over a winter, and moro than you need If you expect to return tho asms s e ason. Beoldeo this weight of food slono you must figure upon oereral hundred pounda of tools sod other oupplleo, and la thia connection I want to speak of weapons. This little pocket knife lo sU the weapon I hare carried or had any nso for. I have been reading an Interview with a youth who lately casM oot of the Yukon country, and ho la quoted aa saying that a maa eaa ahoot aU tho game ho waato to there. Now, I have traveled over that regloa aboat aa much as a hmb eould do la tho Ubm I had, aad tho OBly gasM I saw la tho TBkoa eouatry was a solitary poroa- plao. Yen caa't take ttaM to boat gasM If yoa go to boat gold, aad ALABKA, TBB NBW MLDORkDO Map R«glea. yo« wovid bttttr paek •■ Mini pkk or ■hoTtI tbaa • •hootlBg Iron. NvthlBf ■•■■■ •toortf to tb« eM proapocton lo thoro thaa u* UfflTal o( loBdorfoot loodod dowa witk Mto faU of platola. **Mow, I hftTa aada a vafod to aaka tko aoat eaitfal laqalriaa of otbara wko kavo aMkto tko trip, aai« aa • raaoK of tkia, togotkar wItk wkati a k aarfod, 1 aai lad to tka aaoaarratlvo aatlMita of ■■ avorago laaa af M par aaat af tka oatlta takaa to. Aad !■ tkat aa ia tty tkaaa wko ka?o BMOt aial paH wItk at laaal a Uttla la tkaaa • partF aC ill tkal waat dowB tka npMa i^il 4$ ALASKA. THB NEW BLDOBADO at tto auM tlBM tkat 1 did lost tMr beat aad wtti* ootSt by toff afaliist a roek. With ny Uuilttd oatflt, I could look aflar but twa of thorn, which I wao glad to do, ao far aa Dawoon, aad otob thoa tha latch otrlaff wai oat vatll thoj woro aMo to do for thomaolTOi. Othcn who camo aloog htlptd tho root of tho party. I undcntaad tha prae* tico la aomowhat dlfftront with aono of thooo who have gooo la olaca tho big mah began, bat a maa'a niMnnaoa la that coantry dooa aot caally aacapo him. The oieaner he la the aooner he la likely to be aorry for It. By the way, now, you know, or, that la, alnco the atoraa doaod up there, the mlnern' committee looka after erery pound of food that entera tho region. ' They aee that the man who brlnga It la left enough to laat him through, but the rcet la taken from him (though he la paid the beet price for It) and put Into the common atock. The aame wlU be done with auch proTlalona as get up the rlTor on the ateamera. Tho government by minora la better In that region, I belloTO, than that of the proTlndal police. Tho latter may arreat a man for ateallag an- other'a grub, which la equlralent to munler In atarratUm tlmea, aad the police abut him In the guard houae, where he la well fML The commit* tee would do better than that" "Don't think of taking fun. You don't need them. They are heary and otherwloe cumberaome, and one aweata under them aa under rubber garmenta. I have talked with ecoree of Yukonera, many of whom had apent many wlntera In the country, and all agree that one abould dreaa ao aa to allow of aa much -freedom of moTement aa poaal> ble, compatible with warmth. Theae men wear two aulta of tho hearlcot undermear, and OTer thla*oTeralla of heavy drilling, and a cape or hooded jumper of the aame material, called a *parka.' A woolen or other warm cop la worn on the head, and over thla In tha coldeet a'cather the hood of the parka la drawn. The ctoee-woven ta.- tureotthe drilling ahlelda the wind from tU«» Bgure, and the undercloth* Ing keepa the body warm. The drilling la cheap, und weara well. No coat la worn with thla, tho working dreae of the mloer. No leather or rubber footwear hi worn. It crampa the feet and It la eatremely eeaentlal that the eztremltlea ha? e the greateat freedom of drcuhitlon. Therefore, Yukonera unlveraally wear winter moccaalna, called 'muck- lucka,' made generally by the Indians They are worn much tw large for the feet, ao aa to permit the weariOK uf at leaat two paira of heary aocka and a piece of woolen cloth orer the eocki. For aom- mer troTellng over the wet, awampy country, where an ordinary pair of boota would be eoaked through In no time, they wear 'water muck- lucka.' vy>r working In the alulcea they wear, when they can get them, high-grade rubber boota, with rubber aolea. I took a pair of them up there ,wore them neariy out, and then aoU them for ft more than they coot me. "The dlmato la not eapedally trying. If one takea car« of oae'o aelf, eicept la auch placea aa Dawaoa Olty, which la built richt oa tha dear lee of a froaen owamp. There la no drainage In each a place, aad the refuae of the campa ataya right In the moaa and mud of the aurface. I I «Ci; • r." i <^'\n ». S o '■ Srt.' ^^ >' .'■• ^ f .< i> ■••. »•- »U • *. ALASKA, THB NBW BLDOHADO 41 Conaeqnently there !• miich typhoid. I know no better remedy for It or rather prerentatlre, than to swallow a good doae of quinine and whis- ky upon the first symptoms of Its presence In one's self." In regard to his snceess In packing In his ontllt of 100 pounds alone, while others failed, he says: "It Is not that I am of more than arerage strength, or endurance. I was simply careful not to OTertix myself. Why, I used to see great, stout, husky fellows passing me with theli^ 100 to 17B pounds on their backs and smiling at my little pack of M pounds, which I dropped at the end of a few hundr< thing la cloaed up. The Yukon river uaually cloaca between 'the lat and 10th of Norember. It to not naTlgable after that time until the next apring. The Ice In the riTcra freesea Ave and a half feet thick, according to Mr. Ogllyle, who cut holea for meaaurement once a month during the winter. From that time until June IB of the next aummer the life the men and women ^ead to about the aame aa In any mining camp. In the winter time the nighta are apent In ptoylng carda. Among the gamblera the great game to poker. Among the mlnera the faroriteo are whtot, pedro, crtbbage and checkera. Some ctolma are worked almply by building long aluloea along the creek and bringing water to them from above by meana of a ditch, the dirt being ahoTeled Into the alulce from the aldea. Otheca hate the dirt ahoTcled down to the alulcee from the benchea abOTO. Theae ctolma can only be worked In the aummer time while the water to run- ning. The ctolma upon which work la done In the winter time are thoae on the flata or boggy marahea, where a abaft haa to be aunk to get at the rich dirt near the bedrock. The ground to thawed by meana of Urea kept burning In the abaft, and the dirt la aent up to the aurface In bucketa, where It la piled up on the dump. In the aummer time thia dirt la run through a alulce and the gold taken out of It. Tlina It will be Been that actual waahing of gold from the dirt can be done only for a abort time each year, and that If a man puta In hto time In the win- ter piling up the pay dirt near hla abaft /or waahing the next aummer, he may not be able to make a clean up of It all the next aummer In time to get out of the country that year) being thua compelled to re- main another winter. ThIa la alao true of one who haa a ctolm re- quiring aummer working, for when the mining aeaaon to orer It to too late to go down the rirer or orer the trail to the coaat. Chapter V Routes to the Yukon Mines Of equal Iniportaiicc to the nclectlon of a suffldent and proper oat> lit la the question of wbat route shall be taken to reach the Interior from the coast, and this should be decided before the outfit is pur- chased, since the route to be followed determines in soTeral important particulars the nature of the equipment necessary. In the first place it may be said that Dawson City, the commercial point of the Klondike region, may be reached from Portland by an all* water route by the way of the mouth of the Yukon rirer, or by water to some point on the southern coast of Alaslu^ and thence oreriand on foot to the headwaters of the Yukon and by boat down the rlrer, or by stlU longer oTerland trails. Bach of these routes will be considered separately, though it is proper to qualify in adrance anything that may be said, by the adrice to leare the decision, of this matter until spring, since new deTelments and added facilities proTided before that time may so radically change the present conditions in regard to some of the routes as mi^terially to affect the decision. This is a questimi that might well be determined after arrtrlng in Portland, but before pur- chaaing an outfit, taking adrantage of the rery latest Information on the subject, since there are railroad and other projects on foot that haTe not yet dereloped. ST. MICHABLS AND YUKON ROUTE. Under present conditions, and until a railroad is built from some point en the coast to connect with steamers on the vpper wateia of the Yukon, the easiest route Is by ocean steamer to It lliebaela, near the OMNith of the Yukon, and thence by river steamer up the itnam t» DawaoB. Hie distaneca by tbia roata are •■ foUowt: Portland to 8t Mleha«ls ItM mUca 8t Mlchaela to Circle Olty ^ MO mUes Circle City to rorty-Mtte tM milea ' Forty-lflle to Dawson M mUes The steamer route to St. 11 ichaels cuts aeroaa the northeaat comer of the Pacific^ aa ahown on the accompanying map, passes through the Aleutian archipelago at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, and cresses Behr* Ing sea to St 11 Ichaeio, which Is located on aa laland M mUes north of the Ynkea's month. Becanse of the shalliiwnsaa of the water ocean steaaMve canaet eater the Yukon, and psiaengers and fMght ara tnasferred to light draft riTsr steamers at St, Mlehaela. The chief ehjeeHoa to this rente la the shortaess e( the BOTlcBtloa aaaaoa ea tho ealy abeat throe Beathi each year. Darlat the ather id; M ALABKA. TBB NBW BLDOBADO niM BontlM OM ctB g«t !• waA out oiilj bf om of tb» ovtrtaad vovIm. let bnftkt op In th« Tnkon b«twM0 May li and th* flrat 9t Jvb% bat tli« movtli of tho rlTor is often' Mocked wltli ko for eomo tlmo after the rlTor aboTO la naTlgablo. It la cnatonuur for aodi atoamera aa are near the month of the rlTor to winter at a point abont TS nUleo np the atream. When released from the Ice they atart up the river, while thoee froaen In at the head of naTlgatlon atart down atream. Bj the time the latter reach tho month of the rlTor the Ice la gone, and they can get to St. lllchaela. where they find the first lot of paaaengers that hare arrlTed from the eonth that aeason. By this time It Is the first «e snow waa hard and nnyteldlBg they divided tbo packs, Isaving nearly half their loads St the foot of the sscent for a second trip. One of the men. prodnelng a strong philted Une of rawhldee, about 100 feet long, passed It under overy m«ii' her whlp>oawed out of the aurtouadlng treee. In which they made the reaaalnder ef the Journey down the lakea aad ilTer la Party-Mlla, their deatlnatlon. the above account of craaaiag the Ohllkoot paia, H tWgectua that the Jouraey waa made at the meal fhreva- eraealag la aammac, whea the lalao pradaeo ef Iho trett la l a paai d by diaappearaaco of bo need far iiawlafl Iha aappiie^ la a far laafe. Ilia IMa whMi naiini H m ditall far Ifca mm- to Dyaa la gut arar the aammH wfib tbakr teat of j^ummm AI«ABKA. THB NIW BLDOBADO If fralglit If uek iMTO packtaff wm mcmmiTi wMte omb wammA to tb* work comM pack bvt Uttle. aad tkaf* ww* not MMOgh IndloM to do tte work. Tbo Indlont bcgoB bj ehorglDff 17 cMta a poaad and ao dad bf pattiBg tho prlco up to 40 cent*. Thoaf who had bat Uttla atuff aod could pay tho prko war* taken OTcr. Tha othara had to nwko anch ahlft aa thay eonld (or thamaalTca. Many anccaadad In gattlng ovar with a portkm only, arjd atlU othara did not gat OTar at all. In tha aprtng, aftar tho flarco atorma hara caaaad, thoao raoMlnlnff and tha thoaaanda who will Join tham will ba abia to gat orar moch mora aaaily and ba at tha lakca by tha tlma tha lea braaka up, to that thay can go down tha rlrar. Thara la a project on (0<>t to build a tramway at tha auntmlt of tha paM, to hanl gooda up tha ataapeat placo, and If thia la done, It will alnpllfy matteri materially. Aa to the White paina, tbo axparlence there wae diaaatrona. Being about a thouiand feet lower than tha Chllkoot, It waa at once euppoaed that la waa eaelar to croea. uotwlthelandlng the axperlenced Indian packera narer uaa It. BTen if It were not. the crowding of the Ohilkoot paHa and the exactlona of the Indian packera were enough to aend the crowd to Skaguay, where, aleo^ freight could be much more eaally and aafely landed trtm the ateamer. It waa aoon found that tha Skaguay trail led acroae marehea, which were eoon rendered Impaeeanle by In- ccaaant rain ^od conatant «*w, up gorgea ao atrewn with rough bouldera that a home could a««arcely be leil oTer them, along ateep preclplcea, where a mlaetep would eaud horae and pack to deatructlon, and up aicenta almoat aa ateep ae that of the Ohilkoot aummlt No loaa than 1,000 peraoua, unorgaulaed and each man working for himaelf. with mora than a thouMod pack animale, crowded the trail and for a long time could make no progreaa. The marah waa corduroyed, but the toga could tot be kept In place. Hundreda of animala mirad down and wera ahot or left to die aa they were. Othera fell orer preclplcea. Men were hoartleea and cruel, ■oma of the more energetic formed a com- mittee and proceedM to work on the trail. Bonldera wera blaated and the marah waa cordurayed to better effect. Aa a raault of three montha of effort a few hundreda of tha moat actlra and beat agnlppad aucceeded In getting orer with all their outllt, and othera by abandon- ing a portton. while the great majority, baring made but little progreaa. ratumed as beat theiy couM to the new town of Ikaguay, to Juneau, and aren further aouth. either abandoning the Journ^^y entlraly or to wait until aprlng. After an examination of the ■kaguay trail, U. H. ■tratch, a min- ing engineer, thua raported upon It lata In Auguat: "Bkaguay valley waa once occupli>d by a huge ghider. Near the lawer end, the rocko ara ancient acdimentary or atratldad depaalta. with innumerable dikea ami atrlngera of granite aaphalt. but all the upper porilona of the ralley, and the aummlt a( the range, ara nothing but a very coarae granite, without aay trace of any atmctnra. but with rary atrongly marked, nearly horlaontal. bedding placea, cut by naarly fartlcal aledge Jalnti. Itt. ila- lh« llth Irty ALA8KA, TBI NEW ELDORADO BIrdwjr* Vtaw vf Djta aWI Bkafvajr awl tk* Psm. *Tto •«(lM •# tk» lv« wkldi fwrnarl/ plovglMd Um way tfawa tha valay, kaa gramMI thaaa raeka ta pallaka4 aarfacaa, tka Tarttoal facaa I aalr a fWw Mrt wM, wMla Ifea fcartwtol taMbaa, batata Iha tt ALASKA, THB NEW BLDOBADO ]\ ti ■ .4 >W •4T«0t •( tk* goM BMlMn, w«nt eoTwad wltk • thick cuptt •( u4 UekMib which, though with hat a t«t tna hold oa tho raeka, goTO ••would oatloteetovy foothold. Oaly la a fow ptacoo uo thoro pohbloo or booldon, mad bat fow rack olldooj bat whoro thooo do oslot, tho lodlTldaal booldon oro oohufo ond B»sso«d oo Irrogatariy. that tniTol o^or thoB lo moro dlflkalt than ovor tho oolld aabrokoa bonchoo. Of oarth thoro lo practically bodo, bat la tho coarM of agco a Mack ▼ogotaUo mack has accamalatod la ooino of tho crovlcoo aad la pot- hdoo ahmg tho rlTor bottom. Scrabby CImbov, oproco, birch, aad alder, dado ^ foothold la tho croTlcco, tho latter chiefly la tho wottor bottom*, aad oTor such aiatorlal tho trail flado lt« way. DIotaocoo from Bka- fuay are aa foUowo: Pint croeolag of river, IH mllco: ead of road, %% mllco; Saiall lake, 5 aUleo; Porcaplao creek, 1% mlleo; eecoad crooe- lag of rlTor bridge, IIH mlleo; third erooeiag of .river bridge. 11^ mlleo; f oarth crooelog of riTor bridge, 14Vi mlleo; llfth crooslog of riTor, ford, ITH mlleo; summit. It mlleo; Meadows, M mlleo; pike Beaaott, 41 mlleo. "FlTo mllfo out, at tho hike, tho eloratloa Is 4M foot; tho trail quickly asceado to 110 feet; thea slaka to 470 at Porcaplao creek, la a short dlstaaco. tho oloTatloa Is 1400. aad the poth ilgiago dqwa to tho oecood crosslog. 100 feot'oloTatloa. Tho fourth ridge Is 1400 feet abOTO the sea. aad tbe trail almost at oaco goeo upward to tlOO foot. A do- oceot Is thoo made to the ford. liOO feet high, aad thea comeo th^llmb to tbe oummlt, aa oloTatkm of tMO feet. Prom this polat to tho lakeo the trail Is aot eatremely dlfllcalt." Ur. Stretch says there Is ao daager to huaiaa life la awklag tho trip. Dyea trail was reported oa about tho same time by Joha A. miler, a railroad eoglaeor. "A good road," ho soyo. **exteads for eight mlleo; thea It goto maddy. but aot very bad. Pack tralae of h ersss amko tho rooad trip lo Sheep Oamp. 14 mlleo. la a day. carrylag tiO pouado. From there to the foot of tho hUi tho road Is aot so good, aad here lo whoro tho oeokers for gold are delayed on thio trail. For aboat two mlleo tho dif* Scoltleo to bo oTorcusM are equally as bad ao oa tho Skaguay trail, but. huTiag aaco gottea over the summit, tho trail Is comparatively easy. "After tslklag with rellablo bmo. who havo aothlog at vtake aad who bave beea over both trolls; after talklag with ladlaao. wtio kaow every lack of tho country, oad after my owa eiporfeaco oa the two trails, 1 caa oaly coom to oae ooacluoioa, aad that Is, at tho prooeht lime tho Dyea trail Is tho oaly practical oae, aad It lo gottlag too lato to attempt that aow." A plala but truthful acoouat of tho actual eoudltloa of affairs oa the two trailo durtag tho third week la August, at tho height of tho rush, is givea by S. Boasoo. of Portlaad. Ho Is iMaager of tho Boasoa Uagglag C?ompoay. sad weat up to see If It woo praetloal to employ some of the devlceo uted la logglog to traaoport goods over tho passes. Ho weat over. Ohilkoot pass to I,ako Uadorama aad rotoraed by '■V f5MS??%<' \f^^^c\t" >» ^ '^l liMIMMiMMiiilMMMMiMlMMMliMi Skaguigr at Scm from i2M Stnnier. IV i it t- !.-^ t (• I l> ii' » r s: ;» ALASKA, THE NEW ELUORADO Bl White's pasa. He l« of the opinion that Ohilkoot paaa, though atceper. is the moat practical Though he found a greater number on the Bkaguay trail, the dlfBcnltlea were m much greater than on the other they were making poor progrcea, while on the Ohilkoot trail the men wera getting ilong fairly well. He has reported faTorably on a tram- way for Ohilkoot paaa, and one may be put In by the company he rep- reaenti. He said of the two passes: "I reached Sheep Oamp, the main atopplng place on thla aide of the anmmlt of the Ohilkoot paaa, eaally, aa I had no burden. I found probably 1100 peraona and 4S horaea on the trail between the aummlt and Dyca. 1 walked acroaa the trail from aalt water to Lake Llnder- man. a dlatance estimated to be IT mllsa, In 14 honn. The trail Is eztnmely rough, and not passable for horses for a distance of IH miles on the Dyea side of the summit. The animals ara made to carry packs to the beginning of this point, where the loads ara taken off and carried orer by human beings, the horses being drlTcn over loose. The packs ara replaced when the summit Is passed and carried by the horses until IjSke Llndemtan Is reached. Between the Yukon side of the summit and Lake Linderman then wera about It persons, and at Lake Linderman thera wera IIS campera. These latter wera mak* Ing their boats and water craft for the trip down the lakes and rirer. Although timber seema scarce, thera Is sufficient to supply the demand for boat lumber. The largcat tree 1 saw was eight Inches In diameter at the butt. AU hera were whipsawing, and It required a good stroug man about three daya to icet his outfit ready for the Toyage. I went to Lake Bennett and found a email aawmlll operating thera. The owner told me he had orders to keep him running for six weeks. "From r^ke Bennett I started back orer the Skaguay trail, walk- Ing a distance of II milea In IIH houra. My flrat day'a Journey brought me near the aummlt, whera I camped for the night .nnd ralnly tried to sleep. When I rose In the moraing my covera wera white with frost. 1 found Tery few people had gotten through, although thera waa a Irast on the other side making the endeavor. Next morning I crossed the summit and crossed down on this side. The lint thing I struck waa a rirer. knee deep, that had to be forded, which waa the coldeat water I ever felt From near the summit down on the coast side thera was a mass of men and horsss. working, struggling and atralning to reach the top. I counted many and estimated the remainder, placing the whole number of peraona trying thla trial at between 3100 and IMO, with about 1000 haras s . Along the trail wera numerous dead horaea, whera they had fallen over rocka or aunk eibanated In the mira. I noTer aaw men work like tboae people did. Their aplrita as ams d high, hut they wera laboring like demons from eariy until late. Men who wera from atoroa and unnaad to maanal labor wera getting Into the barneaa with a vigor that asamsd ImpesalMe. **lt la hard t« daaerfbo the dl«enltlaa that wera eMonntersd •• thla trail and wove Impadinf that arasa af hnnMnlty ao that the 4H- taMa tnm tha canal la Iha ouimH of N allca waa rs««lrtag • laM mumfi. mmn H ALASKA. THB NVW feLDOBADO tin* to covar. Tb* trail iMkto atong a cmijob that kM !■ tk« bed • •■mU bat awlft «ad tanlbly cold ttrtMB. Tb« road to M»t to tb« bot- tom. It wind! along tbo aldo bUto. probably ICM fMt abova tba wator. tban dlpa down acroaa tbo botUmi and op tbo otber aldo to about tbo ■amo tfoTatkw. Tbto cbango from .ono aldo to tbo otbor takoa placo tbrco or four tlmoa, tboa making ono dlmb a great deal more blUa tban la neceeaary on tbe Cbllkoot paaa. Tbe eurfaco of tbe bUleldee preeenta tbo grcaoat dlfflcultleo. 'Jlie trail for tbo moot part la on a bed of bouldera tbat are etremely bard to climb over. At ptocco betveen tbem tbere will bo formed a Terltable mire, whlcb la not aoll, but a growtb of moaa and peat tbat quickly becomeo mud beneatb tramping. In tbo bottom of tbeee mlree will be a bed of abarp atonco tbat cut tbe bonea frlgbtfnlly wblle tbey are wallowing tbrougb tbem. Mucb time la alao loot In tbo pasaing of going and returuing boraeo. All of a man'a pack la not on one animal, and wben be go«a a distance be lin- loads and returns tc get tbe remainder. Tbla causes ono string of borsea to be paiwlng back wblle tbere la anotber going forward. Tbere are only few pbices wbere tbey can pass eacb otber, and you will see lines of 400 and 600 borses standing waiting for otbera to pass. In this manner some are kept waiting nearly all tbe time. I do not belleTO tbat more tban a rery suiaU per cent, of tb - men on tbe Bkaguay trail will reaob tbe summit before snow flies. It la an Impoaslblllty for mauy to do so^ and tbe remainder will bave a wild bope before tbem." DOWN THB YUKON. Wbetber one reacbes tbe lakes at the bead of tbe Yukon by tbo Cbllkoot or White pass, the remslnder of the Journey to Dawson Is tbe same. He must build a boat and deacend tbe chain of lakea and tbe I.«wla and Yukon rlrers, a distance of about 6M miles. There la nothing specially dlfllcult or dangerous about this Journey, except a few short portages, and the pasMge of lU'es canyon and White Horse rapids, yet It Is necessary to exercise care and common sense along the entira route. Tbe flrat thing necessary la to eonatruet a boat. A raft abould not be trusted, llinera have always taken whipaaws along to uae In cut- ting up timber for boats. Tlie treea are email and It takea about a week to cut up tbo timber and anotber to build tbo boat Nails and oakum abould be a part of erery outflt by tbla route. Tbero la now a small sawmill on I^ke Bennett, but Is was tbto year entirely unable to supply lumber for all tbo boata needed, and most of tbe minora had to build their own. Boats soM at |IM to |S00 on Lake Bennett. Tbo timber near tbe bead of tbe toko baa all been cut, and ono now baa to go back two or three milea for timber, or pay a good price to bare bis stuff fralghted In a acow to tbe foot of tbe toke, whera timber la atlU ptontlful. A groat many boata wera taken to Dyea and Bkaguay, soma In aectlona and aome In plecen, but ao far aa baa been toaraod, few If any of these wero taken acrosa the summit, and tbe advice of those AI«ASKA, THE NEW ELDORADO wbo bare examined the condltlonB and retamed or written of tbeir ezperiencea, la not to attempt to take boata over tbe pasa, bnt to bnlld tbem on tbe lakes. Tbose wbo go In early In tbe aprlng can bnlld tbeIr boats, put tbem on mnners and draw or sail tfiem on tbe Ice of tbe lakea till tbe rlrer Is reached and tbe ice breaks op, aa was done by tbe Funston party. preTlonsly spoken of. Tbose wbo reacb tbe lakes later can nse botb sail and oar. Tbe boat most be made strong to endnre tbe strain It will receive. In naTlgatIng tbe lakea and rlrer* tbe accompanying map will be found oaeful, tbe directions It glrea being explicit. Tbe route, leada tbrougb La|ie LInderman, alx miles, a portage to Lake Bennett of one mile, down' tbe lake 24 miles, tbrougb Cariboo crossing to lAke Taglsb two miles, down tbe lake If miles, by rirer to Lake Marsb sis miles, across tbe lake It miles, down rlrer to Miles canyon li miles, tbree^uarters of a mile tbrougb tbe canyon, to Wblte Horse raplda two miles and a balf a mile tbrougb tbem, to Lake LeBarge 30 miles, down tbe lake SI miles, down tbe Lewis and Yukon rirers, passing HootaUnqua rirer at SO miles, Big Salmon t4 mllcj. Little Salmon S7 milea, Plre Finger raplda 02 miles. Rink raplda €H miles, Pelly river BS miles, White rirer tT miles, Stewart rirer f miles, Sixty-Mile rirer SI miles, Dswson City 60 miles, Fo^-Mlle 60 miles. Circle City 360 miles. The actual expvrlencea of a iiarty making tbe Journey from I^ke LInderman to Dawson In June, IttT, Is glren In tbe following letter from Milton MIssmore, of Tortlsud: "We camped eight daya at the bead of Lake LInderman, build- ing a boat. We were compelled to go back two or three miles for suitable timber for the lumber, as tbe trees there are small, and tbose lit for lumber are scarce. We Anally got aboard otir craft and headed down the lake with a strong wind at our backs. The wind wss a lltUe too strong, and we ablpped sereral whItecaiM before we reacbetl the foot of tbe lake, alx mIlea distant, which waa covered In two hours Here we were compelled to portage acrosa to I^ke Bennett, a distance of three^uarters of a mile. The stream connecting tbe two lakes Is small, very swift and strewn with Iwulders, which endanger a boat. We guided ours through with tbe aid of ropes, after packing our goods to the desired spot. "At tbe bead of I^ake Bennett, we found quite a village of tents, belonging to campers engaged In building boats for the Journey down the lakes ami rivers. This has been tbe place for building tioats to navigate these streams for uisny years, and the timber for either boata or rafta has been used up for several miles back. Furiher down the lake, about SO miles, there la an Hbundance of line timber. There la a SBMll portable sawmlU at the bead of Lake Bennett, bnt the denMnd last spring waa so great for lumber that It could not near All It. We were detained here one day by bcsd winda, bnt on tbe after- noon of June IB wo pulled out down tb* lake, naing o«r oara all the way down, and thw Making the SI mlleo to tbo f^ot by nest morning. T ALASKA, THE NBW BLDOBADO Hi **BtM W* MtMCd a TMtok, and w«rt carried by a stroac corrMit down to tba ktad 9t tha lattar, Just four mUea, tvrj qulcklj. Pracaadlof dowa tkla laat lakt ■a faw mllaa, wa ouna abccaat of Wlady Ana, of whleh wa.had baaa wamad. Thlo la a loof arm coming Intp tha laka from tha aoathaaat, and tba conntiy formation la anch tliat a atrong wind atrlkaa tha laka from thla direction. In accordanco with onr Inatmctlona, wa kapt w^ to tha oppoalto tlda, and when the wind atmek na, had plantj of sea room to eall atralght through. Some of the boata we fell In with dM not take thla precaution, and ware Uowa to the ahore. where they were compelled to puU with theSr oara for eoToral houra hefore getting dear, "From Lake Thglah we drifted down to another lake, named Lake If arah. This la a long, ahallow body of water, aad onr boat etmek bottom ecTeral tlmea aTon when the lake waa flTa mllea wide . In trav* eUng Ita distance of 10 miles, we eaw many flab, but they would not bite. "FYom thla lake we entered the rlTor of terrors. When we had left Lake Marsh about 26 mllea. we saw a red flag floating on the right shore, and several bandana handkerchiefs nailed to poeta and trees. We recognised this as a warning that we were entering the dreaded Miles canyon. The current waa Tory strong here, and It waa with difllculty that we succeeded In landing our boat a few hundred feet aboTe the mouth of the canyon. Here we found some other boats that had landed to take a look before the leap (a thing which etery one going through this place should do). The more we looked the less we Ukfd the aspect, but as the only altematlTo Is a rock ridge portage of a mile In Ittogtb, which few will undertake, we at last shoTsd out Into the stream and headed for the middle of the -canyon's mouth. The auspense was very brief, for we were shooting through the canyon In a moment. We got through all right, with but little water In the boat, but enough- to land and ball out. The canyon Is three-quarters of a mile long, and the sidea are perpendicular Muffs from SM to SOO feat high. The water In the middle of the channel Is much higher than at the sides, and a boat must be kept as near It as possible, aa. If It strikes any of the rocks on the sides, going at the rate of three-quarters of a mile In two minutes. It would be dashed to plecea. The boat muat be kept head on, alao, as the water rolls up stream like the breakera of the ocean. If a boat of ordinary else goto sidewlse. It Is sure to upeet. "The rlTor for two miles below the rapids Is not much better than the stream while In the canyon. When we launched again and started on. we struck several bouhlers with more or less force, all of which we found It IniiMMslble to avoid. We commenced Immediately to poll for the left bank, and reached It about two miles below. Just as we came onto another of the odious red flags. This* was the signal that the White Horse rapids were ahead. Aa we had had enough excitement for one day, we camped for the night. "We learned that four boats had run the White Horse raplda the day before, and that two more would try It In the morning. The flrat tiM irtU did uck not had tlic and th« iraa Ind »ata Mie w« of DtO ho In A Mt •t ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO IT to ti7 It wai A battMO, about U fctt loag, contalalof fonr bmo aad a toB of proTlalont. W« wttehod thooi go through, which waa doa* apparently In good atjio, hut when thtj got htlow tho falla, thay puUad for fhort In graat haate. Upon !n?aatlgatlon It waa found thoj had ■hippMl taough water to dauago a quantltj of thair freight. The tecond was a large acow with aereral men ahoard, and eight or ten toM of proTlelone. They went OTor, but bj the tine thej could reach tbe ehore below, they wCre aettllng In the water badly. They had hoocked a large hole In the bottom. While atanding below the raplda we Mw a lot of atnff cone floating down, which waa OTldence that none nnfortunnte had been upaet. We got aonne to ahore aafely, hut •aw a rallM that we afterwards lear/'Hl contained IMO float right near and sink. The wreck waa the renntiiite of a party of two and their boat that had come from the rapMa we had Just paseed. Their boat was too light for them and aank In the lilies rapids. They clung to th« oTertumcd boat until luckily rescued, but lost 'iioat. outflt and •rerything else saTc their llTce. "The sight of theee things persuaded 'us not to attempt White Hone rapids, and with the assistance of others, who were aided In a like manner by us. we let our boat down to within 100 feet of the falls with a long rspe. and then took It onto a point of land and scooted It oter to the rlTor below, without any loss whatSTer. The crowd that was there mutually aiding each other all got over In this maaaer In Ats hours. "These rsplds are three-fourths of a mile long. After passlitR them we drifted down the rUer tB miles, until we reached Lake LaBarge. ThiK In the largeet of the lakes we pessed through, lieing If mllee long by 10 wide. Wi encountered head winds here, maklag us Just 41 hours In getting through. Vpon leaeiag this lake we entered Thirty- Mile rlrer. so called from Its length. This stream and the Hootallnqna at their onfluence form the Lewis. Thirty-Mile rteer. when '^e passed. wss siMMit the width of the Willamette, and the HootallnquL was alMMit the width of the Columbia, the two together maklap a mighty str4>sm. Thirty-Mile Is rery rapid, and has some sunken tNNilders that make it dangerous If caution Is not exercised. The ll conceded to Ite more dangeroua thaa Mllee raplda. whkh we had ru' . "l lee hundred and ten wile* from Jub' an the LewH sod Trtly rirers flow tagsthtf. forming the Yukon, oe / of the greoteet rieers on the Amoflcnn continent. In asany placee 'i Is more than flee miles in width, and In othera narrower, but deer, and flow'ng with r Strang enrrent. Yon cnnnot bf any nMona go * ' alsap and let your boat drift TWre are a multitude of Islnnda, aor.ettasso fonr ar flee ahiunat of oneb ether, and aa p.«iny ehannela. e ^aw of which are eery deep aa^ ALASKA, THB NBW BLOOKADO I' i' dtar 9t drift, white odMn am akaltow or eanww sad fall of lirlfl. ■vek dUMMlS BMi to ftTONM. "Aftar iMTlBf tk« lakM w* nuid* a dallr rw gf a? cr IM oiUm, ■Mil DawMS City waa rtaclMd. Wa Naehad thla placa Jnoa tS, Juat ling ami faHug tba bow. UcConnall in tha otam. \latiarn NinltlNiiiim and 1 forward. Tha oara wara placa'j on lioard, ami r "b of UN uaa«l an ordinary vanoa paddla. 1 wual cojfaaa that I narar fait alikar lu my Ufa than aa wa aborad away from ahora and atartad for tba antram-c. 11 waa aU avar ao quickly that wa hAdly knaw bow It bapiMpnatl. Maraly mlaaing tha big rock at tha nMMilh of tha canyon. I^« boat Hiaitad oo Ka wlb! rklK Tha walla aM»mM« *e fsirl; S;: i«-t ua. and aftar aiartlng, wa heard a chaar from tha rocha abova ua. but did not dar* kwk up. By frantic paiklllng wa kapt In tiM* mlddla, aad oil from tba *-auyon walla. Tha aanaatlon waa akin to that af riding 4 ALASKA, THB NRW BLDORADO K buckinf brooclio. Tb«r« wm not a dry apot on one of no when wo got throngh, and the boot took oo mnch water that abo nearly foon* dered before we conM ball ber ont Bat a great weight waa off our minda, for Mlica canyon, more than all other thinga, la dreaded by Yukon trarelera. Indndlng thoao loot In IIN, an OTon doaen of men baTe bad tbeir boata awamped or cmabed like egg ahella agalnat the canyon walla, and not one of them baa come allTO ont of that wild maelatroni of water." TAKU ROUTB. Much Intereet la being taken In a prepoeed ronte from Takn Inlet to Lake Tealln. The Tnkon Mining. Trading and Tranaportat*on Com* pany la aurreylng a railroad oTor thia route, a branch of which la to be eitended tl milea up the coaat to Juneau. Appllcttlon haa been made to the United Btateo and Canadian gOTcmmenta for cbartera. aa Ibe route otarta In the United Btatee territory, but for the greater ■ porthw of the way la In Canada. The road would be IM mIlea long. It la propoocd to have email atcamera on Lake Teelln, which will paaa from the lake to the Lewla and Yukon by way of HootiUlnqoa rl?er. ThIa would render packing unn f rgaaary, aa one could land from the ocean ateamer. go by cara to the lake and there board a ateamer that wouM land him at any point along the Yukon dealred. If thIa enter* priee la ■occeeafol at leeat a year moot elapae before It could be carried out Meanwhile efforta will be made to pack orer thIa trial, going part way up the Tnku In a atea ner. A party haa gone In by that rente thie fall, Intending to camp for the winter on Lake Teelln. • Juneau la the atartlng*polnt for the lliku. Steamera make the trip to Ibe head of the Inlet; thence the route la on foot atralght up the river to headwatera In a chain of email lakee nearly or quite connect- ing witk tiOke Twlln. In the winlor time beaelly loaded aleda can bo drawn the entire diatancc. There la plenty of timber for boata on Lake TnIIu. IMatancea on Ihia route. &» ahown by the United BUtee and Brltlah goremment mapa. are. RMirly aa can be ahows, la fqyowtt Mllee. Juneau to entrance of Takn Inlet 10 lip Takn Inlet to riTer II rp Tikn river to bead of canoe navigation N rortage to OMMth of Wlver Itolmon It rortage up ■lleer ffalnMtn I rnrtage Ihenco acraaa l^ake Teelln H Lake Tealln inarrow and long) It Unnlallnqna rlrer to Lewki «.... Volal •nCKBBN ROUTB. Another ^enHknMo eenlo le by way of Mlckeen river, whkh M ■aelfuMe to • etegmph creek. IN mileo, and already haa a alMiner i,r:i •I: l< . '11 W ki >'i M ALASKA, TBI NIW ILDOBADO plylBf H* wAtMV. reoM IMagmpli ciMk thtra to a piaetlcabto rMit for lUifM aad fk«lgkt wagoM Mffth to Lak* TUtUn. tnm wkleli polat th« rt— w wooM b« «wd •• dMorlbtd for tk« Tttk« mat*. It to ra> port«d that arraagMMnts art bow bolag nado to balld atoaoion «• Lake TMlla, to put on a stago llao and to optn ap tUa rooto to troTol la tlio oprlBf , atoo to build a railroad OTor tho itago rooto at opoodllf ao potalblo. Tbto auij bo oiado tbo Canadtoa mall rooto aozt yoar. DAI/rON TBAIL. FroB Pyramid barbor tboro to an OTorlaad roato to tbo Ynkoa botow FOrt lolklrk, on tbroufb tbo ObUkat paao, Ijlag to tbo w«ot of Obllkoot poM. and gonoraily eaUad tbo Dalton trail, bocanoo aororal tlmoo uood bj a own naniod Jack Dalton In taking bonoo Into tbo Into- rlor. Dalton oaa a trading po«t on tbto tralL BoToral minora camo out to tbo coaat by tbto trail tbo past anmmtr. !a going ovor tbto ronto It to nactoaary to pack to tbo Tabkaona rlTar, wbon a raft or boat may bo uaad In daacending tbe atraam to tbo Lawla. Tbo long dtotanco to pack to wbat raodera It Impracticable for ona witb a largo outfit to tako in, unleaa ba h«« plenty of pavk anlmato. It to dalmad a man can rldo a borao all tbrougb and tbat tbara la ptonty of graaa. Cattto and abaop wera drlvan OTar tha trail tba paa: aummar. Tbia to alao tba routa of a propoaad tetograph Una to Dawaon, tba wiraa to bo told along tbt ground. OTHER R0UTU8. Altbougb little la known of tlia region lying between tbe Copper rirer and tbe Yukon, It la claimed tbat by a abort portage one can go from tbo bead watera of tbe Copper river to tribntartoa of tbe Yukon, and It to poaalble tbat trarel may aometlue go by tbat route. A prac* ticabia route by Wblte river, Juat eaat of Uount 8t. Bllaa, to alao claimed, and tbia route to now being eiplored. Tbere la probably a practical route In tbe Interior from tbo Oar> rllM>o and Caaalar mining dtotricta In the nortbern end of BrItlab Co* lumbla to iieaiM rivi* and thence by tbe Pelljr to the Yukon. It la alfio probably poaalble to go north atong tbe eaatem baae of tbe Bocky mountalna. from Kdmonton, on the i3nnadlan Paclllc. to Athabaaca and tbo Deaao and Felly rivera. it la aald tbat both c' tbeee routaa are being tried tbia year, but they are long and It would aeom Impracticable to uae them for freight. It la alao aaaerted tbat It la praotlral to go by tbe way of Great B\Mf toke, deacend the Ifackenalo river nearly to tbo Arctic ocTflu, and then aacend the Peel river and make a abort portage to a tributary of tbe Yukon. All aucb koutao are '.mpracticabto compared with thoae frooi the i-oaiit and bjr the way of St, iCIchaela, and will receive Utile conaldcratlon at tha iiauda of goul at^kera for several yeara at leaat. 8 I I t! ^ ?»i <<] ; Chapter VI Mines on the American Side Although iBtcrMt to now c«nt«r«d la tht Klondlko and othar oda* lag dtotrlctR oa tht Oaaadlaa aide of tha lataraattoaal Uaa, aadoabt- cdly fnturc deTClopmaata oa the Amarlcaa alda of tha Uaa will ba Tarj Inportaat. Tha policy of tha Canadlaa lOTarnmaBt la we tvlag aaa half tha rlalma for Ita owa purpoaaa and of axactlag a haarj royalty oa tha gold taken out of other clalna, will hare the aatnral effect of drlrlng American proepectora acroee the Uaa lata their own couatry, where the nlnlag lawa are mora liberal and aTacy foot of mlaeral laad to subject to entry, with no royalty equeaaed from tha nlaera by tha goremment. Although there have for eereral yeara been gaad mlB«a aa Birch creek. Miller creek, aad ather streane, of which Circle City to the com- mercial polat, there to a Taet area of Atoeka ■■ yet uaproepected, la- eluding a great maay tributariea of tha iru);:>ii Rr.4 its chief branchaa. Mlnem are leam*ng that the heaTler golo depoilta are oa the small slrrams, and as the headwaters of the Yukon's afflueats are proapected there will doubtleas be maay rich discc" 'les made. 1X» locate aad derelop these new districts will be the task ui -be thousaads af eager gold-hunters now iwnring Into Atoska. In regard to the opportualtles for the prospector oa the Americaa side of the line the eiperlence of Milton MIsamore msy be takM as an example. He went to Klondike In the spring, but came out this fall because he bellered 'here would be a scarcity of prorlslona. Ha will return again In the spring. He says tha fleM tn the Americaa side Is every whit as good as acrass the border. He left Dawsaa shortly after arriTlag there laK June, aad proce^<1ed with his boat aad outfit to Otrrle City, liaTtng found that ererythkag of value had baea ataked out Sn the Klondike regton. Proa Clrdv City he creased overtaad eoath to lllrcl creek, which aearly paralleto the Yokoa for some distaace. Af- ter vpendlog some time la that rr^loa taking In the Mastodon, Miller, Dvadwood. Ragle sad Greenhora creaks, he eaaie back to Circle City, sad, loading his boat, proceeded about 400 mllee dowa stream to the Mnnook. where new gnid dtacafrertee had beea reported. Here he lo- cated a claim aad would hare reuMlaed. but fouad that he eoaM aot getsappUea. Along the streams eateriag the Arctic, Behriag sea aad tha PacMe there to as good preepeet af dtooaeariag rich diffglaga as oa tha Taken. OoM baa beea foaad aa the Mawlk, Baektand and Kowak rtvaia, an- teitag Katabae sauad. bat aa attaaq^ haa beea amda ta work the Caah's Inlet hae bean partially prsspeeted. aad laat It ^ , m ALASKA. TUB N«W BUXIIIADO Lakt ItoDDttt. froin tk« Bkagiiay TralL wlDttr MO mlBtn wtrt «t work thtr*. Mint of tlMBi. bow«?«r, teYlng Hlucs toft fMr tiM Kioudlkt, under th« inpula* m charactMlatlc of lulttora, to dMort dlfglng* worth |10 • daj wkoaovnr tbojr boor of aojr- thing btttor. Howotw, qnlto a numbor of other* hove son* to Oook'* Intot thi* jMir. Th* goM found th*r* I* coar**. A* th*r* I* a Taat ttuexplor*d r*glon around th* lnl*t. It wouM ■**« that th* pro*p*ct befor* th* •*arch*r for gold th*r* muat b* a* good a* I* oflorMi In tli* Interior, which 1* so much mor* didlcult to roach, no much mora *xpen> «<▼• a* a plac* of raoldcnc* and ha* such dIaadTantag** of climate. Th* aaaie may b* aald of th* r*gloD of C«pp*r rlT*r and Ita nuiuMoua trlbtttarloM Id th* Tlclnlty of Princ* WHUam aound. H*r* I* another promlaing Held for ezploltaUod. whore goM ha* already been found. Quit* a Buniber have icone Into that regloa thI* y*ar. Along th* «oa*t at LItoya bay dl*cov*rl*a bar* b**n mad*, alao lu the beach aaada ff*r M mil** near Kakutat, In ruby and black land, where con*i«>*rabl* work ha* b**n don*. Th* r*glon Inland ha* b**n praecicalty un*splor*d. On Unga liland a An* quart* ledg* ha* b**n uncoT*r*U and a t*n-*lamp mill wa* *r*ct*d a f«w yiirt ago, alnco In ci o n aa d to forty atampa. Tbt* min* gl?** promla* ot paying larg* Uifldaud*, notwithelanding th* gr*at *ip*na* of working a mIn* *o far from any baa* of iu|i|)lle*. On Qolofnln bay, In Norton •ound. a rich alWar ledg* wa* dl*cor*r*d tweir* yean ago. A *hlp load of quarts taken to Ban Franclaro proved ao rich that a company ALASKA, THE NEW ELDORADO was organixd In IStl and HO.OOO were expended In devetopmenta. The ore atlU prored to be rich, but trouble In the companjr for aereral year* prerented further work. The region lenerally known aa floutbeaat Alaaka, ^mbraclnr th« coaat and adjacent- lalanda aouth of Mount 8t Bllaa, haa been mined more or leaa for the paat twenty yeara. OoM waa dIacoTered near Sitka In ISTS, and proapeetlnf then began; In IMO gold waa dlacorered In the Tldnlty of Juneau, and aoon proapectora were acattered all along the coaat and began to work their way Inland. The town of Juneau, ao called In honor of Joaeph Juneau, the flrat man to derelop minee in that region, aprang Into exiatence aa a reault of the dlacorery of plac- era on Gold creek, from which conakierable gold hpa been taken. While the excitement of theee dlacoTcrlca waa atlll drawing mln^m to Alaska, It became known that a man known In the camp aa Fifuch Pete, had dlacorercd a large ledge of quarta on a high mountain aide on Doogtaaa Island, acrosa the liay from Juneau. Tbia waa purchased by John Treadwell for $400. Through a aerlea of yeara there has licen a stedy doTelopment of this property, until now It haa the largest stamp mill In the world, containing MO atamiia, and arrangements are on foot to Increase the number to NO. This la a low-gra'le ore, but so faTorably la the ledge altuated for cheap working, ao eaay la the ore to work and ao wide la the ledge, that It la aald the ore can be mined and milled for SO centa a ton, and that great profit la being made ou ore running leea than |I to the ton, and an output of $100,000 a mouth produced. In connection with thla mine It la neceaaary to speak of the Bear's Nest mine awlndle, which, for sereral yeara had such an unfarorable effect upon the mineral derelopment of Ahiaka. Tills waa nothing Icoa than the organliatlon of a company to work a ledge adjoining the Treadwell, which ledge waa artlatleaUy "aalted" for the benefit of exi>erta by aubatltuting lYeadwell ore for the barren rock taken out of the Bear'a Neat lArge blocka of atock were sold, chiefly In Dngland, and many people war* awlndled, with the reault that Alaska was looked upon unfaTorably aa a field for mining Inrestmenta for a number of yeara. Though capllallata were thus frightened away, the Indefatigable prospector continued hia work and many placer dalma and quarts kicatlons, both gold and allrer, wore made. Now that confidence In Alaskan minea haa been reatored by the wonderful dlacoTordea In the Yukon region, capital may be expected to take bold of theae numeroua quarts ledgea along tho coaat. A doaen atamp mllla are at work on OoM creek. Sheep creek* Sum Dura and at other polnta within a few milea of Juneau, and new onaa ara being erected arary year. The moat noted of tho mlnaa, baaldaa tho IVtadwII, ara the Maxko* Ready Bullion, BlUer Queen and Bald Eagle. Thera art rich ledgaa on Bar* ner'a bay, Ljan canal, and oa Puala bay. Adalralty letaad, alao on tho faiRoua Olaelar bay. whara riek galena haa beta fMad. Purthar to the aouth, oa Aaaetto Wand and aa Priace of Walaa lalaad eery rich ouarta haa baaa diaeavorad, bat aa y«t Mttla haa baoa 4aM ta ' l' 1 ALAMCA. THB KBW BLDOBADO Qa tiM wkote^ It wttoM mmi. wtotlmr capltiriltt at pmpMUr, It l» wteily UMCMMUT to M|^«ct tiM opportvaltiM oCMrad bf tte ^Mtti loctttoM alrMdj mad* and th* TMt stm of OBtzplond «o«Btrj «i tiM AMMrtcM tld* of tko llM ODd JolB tbo tkraof rosUaff lBt» tte OftMp dtaB foM fl»lda OB tho Yvkoa, wImto oaly half of tho dalaa art Mb* Joct to Mitry oBd a royalt j Is oxacttd «poB tho foM takom from tha tartk. Tho OBtpot of gold IB ItN li glroB holow, to show tho dovolop* BMBt of BilBoa othor thaa thooo ob tho YakoB. Aat which la crodltad to YBkoB plaeora aoarlf all cbbm froM tho AaorlcaB aMo of tht Uao^ Blreh crook btlBg ob that aldo as woU as bwbj of tho othor districts iBBipod tofothor IB oao total: Nowoll Gold If iBlBg Coapaay. U stamps I 1M.0M Boratr's-Baj lIlalBg aad llUllag Oompaaj. 4$ stampa ItLOOO Alaska Troadwsll Gold If lalag Compaay. tM atampa tOO.OM Alaska Iftzicaa Gold If lolog Oompaay, IM stampa 4M,(M0 Alaska Commercial Company, M stamps SM,000 Bald Baglo Mining Company, 4 stampa SM.OOO Bbntr Gold Mining Company, 10 stamps Si.OM Jnnoau Gold Mining Company, M stampa Si,WM •Julian Gold Mining Company, 10 stampo S0.000 Alaska Wlltougbby Gold Mining Company. 10 stomps 1S.O0O Grsvn mine, Norton Sound, 10 stamps 11.000 Total output of quarts mines |t,tU.000 Lltuya bay placer mines IS.OOO Cook Inlet piscer mines 17S.C Birch creek district. Yukon mlaee l,SOO.i Other YukoB dUtricts M Prom aeversl smsll creeks la various parts of tho tsrrltory . . . 2S.000 Total output 14,070.000 ' I Chapter VII How and Where to Outfit What to take as4 wkere to buy It are two Importaat qBeetloas Tory porsoB stortlag tor Ahiska must detenalaOi ilio Irat depends Much upoa tho route by which It Is purpos ed to oator tho gold ields, while tho secoad sliould be settled by tbo coadltloaa of eoBToaleaco aad oacoaomy. la regard to where aa ouilt should be procured, thsra la aothlag charer thaa the fact that It is aa act of folly to porehaao It la aa^ of I I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h A ^y^:\' v. ^. 1.0 If 1^ 1^ 1.1 ^.-^ 1^ 1.6 IL25 i 1.4 ^ -^ ^i /a // f %\\%^X\L\\%] ^Sciences Corporation 4^ ^ s. ^^ N? <^ ^. m WHT lUAlN ITMIT WBMTM.N.V. )4aM (7U> I71.4I0S ^*^^ ^l> ^ 4P> \ ? 4i^ C^ * " fv: A. ». ■»♦. '.'*' ('• •«" ♦;*;■• •3 ALASKA. THE NEW ELDOllADO 6» the EaBtern citlea and pay for tta tranaportatlon acroaa tbe oootloent, alnce It can be procured In Portland fully aa cheaply and the extra coot and bother be arolded. Thoa economy anggcflta a delay In thia matter till the coavt la reached. Economy, howcrer, la not the only reaaon for pnraulng thIa courae. No Eaatem city la prepared to sup- ply Just the thln,fa necesaary nor do the merchants there know what la required nor how It should be packed for transportation. This latter la a matter of rital Importance, for If one's proTlslons are spoiled or kMt dnrinf the hard trip across the pasaes and down the lakes and rtrerQ, or eren In the hold of the Teasel goluic north, It may mean com- plete failure to the gold-hunter. The atudy the merchants of Portland haTO glren thIa aubject and the experience they hare had and the apeclal attention they hare given to laying In storks of the special things required, render that city a desirable place In which to procure an outfit Portland Is the chief comuierclal point of the Paclflc Norihwest. In business transacted, bank clearings, foreign romroerre. etc., It equala all the other citleti of that region combined. It han regular ateamtr llnea to Ala>il.a, to San Francisco and to Japan and China, and la the termlnua of more lines of transcontinental railroad than any other city on the Paclflc coast. Storka of goods are so large and com- petition la ao free and atrong, that Alaaka outfits may be purchased at the lowest poaalble figure. The man who outfits Iq person will be ce^ tain of getting the beat quality of gooda at the lowest prices, will have the benefit of exf^irlence In aelectlon and packing, and will not be likely to purchaae a lot of things not needed or unsuitable to the condl* tlona aa he will find them In Alaska. Experience this year shows that outfita can be purchased In Portland cheaper than at any othev point on the Pacific coaiit and at a considerable sarlng OTer cost and trtins- portatlon from the East. If one la going In by the St. MIchaela route he will not require thoae thinga necessary to get hia outfit oTer the passes and down the lakea and rirera, but hIa atock of proTlslons and clothing would be the same for either route. Aa to prorlalona. one should either take enough for ils montha or eighteen montha, because If he remalna longer than alx months he must remain a whole year longer, and can not depend upon being ablb to buy proTlslona. Thoae who went Into the minea tbia yatr abort of anppUea, expecting to purchase them, are now In dangar of atarratlon. and tbe government la endeaToring to find a way oC aaadlBf In anppUea to their relief, with amall proapeet of being abia to do io. A man witbont ample auppllea can accomplish nothing. Ha caaaot go o«t m • pro a pt t ing trip, which may take bin a year, nor cu h9 proevra work In nlnaa already l'«cated, alnce tbe ownern will ■ol hire iNa who eu aot anbalat thewaalvaa, aa they wooM be obllgod to iMd tkMi froai their owa ac^of atorao. It haa been Impoaalble for tho ilTor atsMMra to tako la eao«*h aoppllea for tboae depandent npoB IhaB tkla yaor. uid thla wlU doobtlaaa bo tho eoodltloo of afalra noit yttf, far, ■Hhoogh tfeart win eortololy bo ■ Iniio tacrtoaa of alaoi AIJIBKA. THE NEW ELDOIUDO on tlM rlTer next iieaaoa, tlier« will b« a proportlouate liicrMM la tiM Itopulatloa dofieudeut uimni purebaalng aoppllM In tlfe nUiica. Brtry conaideratlou of iirudence and foraalght deinanda that tlia gold-httoter take with blui butb food and dothlng for at leaat elghtCMi uiontba. The qiHMtlou ot what food to take and how inuch noat be aettled by the requlreiueuts of the climate. In tbe flrat phice allowance muat be made for tbe fact that In that cold climate, with the phyaloal exer- tion the gold-buuter will be aubject to, a great deal naore food per day will be conaumed tbuu at home. The eyatem demand* In that climate an exceoHlve amount of food, eapeclally fat, auch aa bacon, which la (be Htaple article of diet. A man of long experience In the Yukop saya that the eatluiute of food ahould be at leait 100 pounda per month for one man. It la a waate of time and money and a poaalble Imperiling of life to take anything but tbe beat quality of gooda. On thla baala, Hupiilleii for eighteen uiontbH, with their coat In PortUnd, baaed u|iou the very beat quality of gooda, would be aa given In the table at (lie end of thla chapter. • 80 far aa clotblng la concerned, one can take what meeta hla own Ideaa, provided he Includea In kla Uat not ieaa than one pair of gum boota, one |Niir of heavy leather aboea, half a dosen paira of Jteavy woolen aocka, half a dosen paIra of woolen mttta and fleece-lined leather mitta, two heavy woolen ahlrta, three auKa of heavy woolen undeni\'ear. a heavy macklnaw coat, two paIra of macklnaw panta, three paIra of uveralla, three pair* of teo-pouud blanketa, of which the i)regoo-niake are the beat, aevcral yarda of moaqulto netting, aa moa- quitoeu are a peat there, a pair of anew glaaaea to protect the eyaa fromanow bllndneaa, a canvaa aloeplng bag or a rubbor blanket to aleep ou, a taritaulln to cover aupplles with and a tent to Uva In. If fleeplng buga are taken the blanketa will uot be neceaaary, or not ao many will be required. Kor aleeplng bnga one can get a plain canvaa bag, or on* lined with macklnaw or pelt, or a double bag of heavy woolen and canvaa. Oenerally apeaklng, the aleeplng bag poaaeaaea more warmth for the aauie weight than plain blnuketa. Aa to foot wear, the Alaaka "mucklucka" are worn moat of the time, being a aort of moccaain boot made by the Indiana and to be bad only In Alaaka. Leather aboea crack and are ruined In a abort time, and gum boota are worn only while at work In the wet. The Importance of buying the beat quality of everything can uot be too atrougly Inalated upon, and thla appUea to clotblng fully aa much aa to grocerleo. Not to do ao many mean dia- treaa and even failure. The matter of packing auppMea on the owuer'a back la ont not to be overlookM. Although one may be able to hire hla packing don* In going In, either by horae. doga or Indbiua, there will be many tlmea when he will be compelled to do thla kind of work for himaelf, and h* Mliould equip himeelf for It. Th* Mcrrlanr pack, which aupporta noat of th* weight on the hlpa, la a *pl*ndld d*vlc*. Tb* Yukon packing fraro* la alao a An* thing, tb* w*lght b*lng put on the *boutd*r* and h*ad. Comuion packing atrap* ar* of llttl* u**. ALASKA. THE NEW ELDORADO to It- Ito M It If one i« irolue bj' the overland ronte bj the lakes and rlter, ho should take an equipment (or building a boat. Including oakum, oam «tc. In any event he should have a set of ordinary tools, with nailN, etc., for UHc In mining, building cabins and other work. For cooking tttenslls the essentials are a. small steel, stove, and granltcware pots, pans, palls, cu|»s. etc., as this Is the most durable and esHlcst to keep clean. If horses or dogs are taken for packing or drawing sleds, care should be taken to get proper pack saddles, harness, etc. As to iKHits. the experience this year has been that It Is better to build them at the lakes than to attempt to take them over the pass. Hundreds of boats were taken north, cither complete or knocked down, and were sold or abandoned. When It was almost Impossible to get the necessaries of life and mining over the pasfc-s, boats and other things had to be left behind. Next spring, |icrhap«, such things can be taken In more eaully over the snow. With such numbers going In at one time It would cer- tainly be better to take In a boat, specially constructed for the pur- pose. If arrangements can be made for getting It over the pass. For use over the snow sleds will be required, and they should be made very strong, though as light as iwsslble consistent with strength, and shoil with steel runners. Only the frame of a sled Is necessary. Plenty of rope should be taken for lashing and for other purposes. To sum up the whole matter of equipment In a few words, do not attempt to select It until you reach Portland and have fully determlueil upon the route by which yon will reach the mines, a matter which you will bo better able to settle there and at that time, than at home, be- cause the latest and most authentic Information will be at your com- mand. Having determined this question, buy an ontflt suitable to the rout* you are to travel, get only tho best' quality of everything, aud avail yourself fully of the valuable knowledge and experience of the Portland merchanta In making your acectlono and In packing your ontflt so that It will stand the Journey In good condition and lie packed la the moat convenient form for handling. lUgvlar steamer lines have been established between IN>rtland and the north, and the beat equipped vessels In the Alaska trade will make trips as frequently as once a week In the spring and snmmer. One can go to Portland with only the money necessary for an ontflt, spend a few days tbero selecting Just what Is required, ami titen start north thoroughly eoMlpped for th^ task before him and with less uncertainty as to the suitability of his ontflt, at lest tipense to himself than by parsnlng any other eonrse. Balling datea of atearoera will bt pub- llabed b; iho Oregon Railway 4 Navigation Company la ample time la tb« apriag . A bl-aoathly lino to Junean, mtka, Dyea and flkagnay will rwi all winter. ■aiUag datea of atcaaMra and other InforaMtloa may ba aicwrod laiar by addraaalag tba ■•erttary of tba TniMportatlaa Oommlttta, OkaBbar off Oumwftv, Portlaad, Oregoa. •• : .! - TO ALASKA, THE NEW ELDOHADO tlie«e things, one that mo be rolled up and tied. Suit your own IdeM •M to amokluf and chewing tobacco, but remember that It la almoat aa good aa money and you can scarcely take too mucb. Fine wove mosquito bar la necessary, as moaqultoea awarm there In the suuiuivr time. Onats are also a peat, and carbolic aalve la gooil for their bites. Flees are plentiful. Take fishing tackle with you, as there Is plenty of flab. A abort gun Is desirable for ducks and grouse, though It adda to the burden to be carried and there Is little time to hunt. You need not take traps, as It Is agalnat the law for white men to trap fur-beartng animala In Alaska. Oranlte ware or aluminum cooking utensils are the best and eas* ' IcHt to keep clean, but the hitter coat more than the former, and both more than steel. T)o not use olleil cnnvns for packs, nor rely upon oiled clothing. The extreme cold makea oiled cloth crack and your outfit may be spoiled. Heavy canvas, either plain or paraffined, known as "aqua- pelle," should be used for pncks and outside sleeping bags.' Pack your stuff In these sacks as nearly 50 pounds In each aa possible. Number the sacks and keep a list of their contents. Such necessaries as matches, candles, etc., should be divided smong several sacks, so that the loss of a imrtlon of your outfit will not deprive you of them en- tirely. Put your nistches In tin cans. Put a roll of butter In the mid- dle of a sack of flour. It will keep well there. Butter keeps liest In sealed cann. Be sparing and careful In using your supplies and do not <ets, csbbages, radishes, lettuce, turnips, carrots, etc., ahould be tiikeu. e'resh vegetables are a luxury and a preservative of health. .\ sail for your boat may be made by putting eyelets In your can* v»M tarpaulin or cover for supplies, or In your double sleeping bag. If yuu take ont>. You will want a wooden block and ISO feet of rope. For dog skHls the best' that can be had are the reguhir Baqulmu d(»gs. but these are scsrce. Tlie best to be found In the States are Scotch collies sud longhaired setters. Big dogs eat too much and short-haired dogs are useless. .Never ovenio yourself In packing, but stop before you are ei- hauNied. It Is better to pack small quantltlea at a time and take them only a Mliort dMtance. In this way you keep your outfll together and ALASKA. THE NBW ELDORADO 71 do not get it scattered along tbe trail, and you keep yourself in good condition for irork. Pursue the same policy with pi.ck animals and dogs. See that they are not overloaded, that their packa are properly adjusted and securely tied, that noi saddle, strap or wrinkle In a bWnket galls or chafes them, give them plenty of time to rest, and feed tliein regularly. The better care you take of your animala the better work they will do. When hungry dogs will chew leather harness. Can- ras harness Is therefore preferable for them. Do not pack a horse till you learn how. Learn to make the diamond hitch. Take paper to write on and stamped goTemmeat enrelopes, both Canadian and United States, also pen and Ink and pencils. A few books to read are worth their weight. Of quicksllTer yon wlU wai••••«•• ••«••••• .26Q .60 .60@ 1.00 .75® 1.50 2.50@ 2.60Q .im 1.00® Woolen socks. Woolen mitts licatber mitts, wool lined Mackinaw coat Mackinaw pantii .... Overalls Oyeralls, wool lined. Towels 25@ Oilskin suit Porpoise sboestrlnvs, ds Sleeping bag, pelt-lined. Sleeping bag, Mackinaw Uned Bleeping bag, Aquapelle. Sleeping bag, Kenwood, tliree pieces Itubber blanket Rubber bikt, iielt-back.. Waterproof sack for dotbing Leather coat, corduroy lined Canras coat, pelt-lined. Duck, coat, blanket- lined, rubber sheeting Woolen sweater l.OOQ Woolen cap 60® Itoft felt hat l.OOQ Pelt hood Felt boots 760 Fur cap t.OOQ CauTas sacks, 60 lbs, doi . . OauTas sacks, 100 lbs, per dosen Aquapelle s'ks, 60 lbs, doi . . . CanTas outfit cover and sail, 7x10 Wall tent, 10x12, ridge roiie 7.00e0.00 4.00 4.00 .76 1.60 .60 .90 .40 16.00 10.00 6.00 12.00 1.60 2.60 1.00 8.00O 6.00 6.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 6.00 2.60 6.00 6.00 2.00 Merriam pack Yukon packing frame. Manila rope, pet lb... Roat cotton, per lb...< Bail needles ....'. Twine, per lb Oakum, per lb .too .020 J60 4.76 2.00 .02 .26 .06 .20 .10 "h Pitch, r j/ lb ;. .04 Oars, p,r foot .02 Rowlocks, per pair .26 Life preservers LlfO 1-BO (talking Iron .60 Wood blocks, 4-111., per pair l.lOOt.00 Snow shoes 1.00 Yukon Htove 6.00 Nest camp kettles, 2, steel ; . . .11 Nest camp kettles, 2, granite 1.00 Fry pan, steel ,.. .26 Hake pan Water bucket, granite.. Plates, granite, each... Plates, tin. three Cup and saucer, granite. Cup, tin Coffee pot Knives and forks, I each Table s|K>ons, dot Tea spoons, doa I4irge spoons, two Rutcher knife ......... Drifting pick and handle Round point shovel.... Gold pan Gold scale Magnifying glass Compass GogKles, or snow glasses \ ,*?,.' Shoe calks .• ':'' Ctt'k set c\A Shoemakers' outAt Whip saw, goose neck.. Huud saw Jack plane Draw knife Axe. with extra handle Claw hatchet > Hammer Square Ciilsel. H inch Filos for saws, two,... Whetstone lOO Nails, wire, per lb Nails, galvanised, R».... Rubber cement, patchet Ganlen seeds ' :■ Clialk line and chalk... 'f .20 .20 JO .10 .26 .46 M .41 1.00 .75 .63 1.26 J .26 1.28 0.60 1.60 .10 .76 i.26 .00 .10 .40 .20 .20 .60 .04 .10 .M .M .10 i > ( f (...*. 8 : £■ '»y;V«. .■,- .! SPECIAL NOTICE The Transportation Committee of tbe Portland Chamber of Com- merce Is firing tbe matter of Alaska transportation facilities Its ape<.ial attention. As soon as tbe rarloos transportation companies liaTe prepared their scbednlea for the spring and summer baslness tbis committee will be prepared to glre Inqalrera fall Information about sailing dates, rates of fan, ete^ ttc. It will be prepa r ed to glre the biteot and most authentic Informatlott. and will ctaeerfullj do so to all who Inqnlra. Address "Transportation Commlttaoi Ohambor of Com* mereoi Portland. Oregon.** r - 1 • g o ^ ► - - I I I J. C AINSWORTN. THOS. CONNCLL. VktPrMMmt J. P. MARSHALL. CmMw. AINSWORTH OF PORTLAND, OR. ■ffA " ' i J' ■ ' y. '.iivf i,i'"L "*^hit^ idem 1 1 1 'J I! COR. THIIID AND OAK STRCKTS. TRAIttACTt A OBNIKAL BANKINO BVMNKM. Tli« falf CMiatctH with %M» Baak fbraii •■ laportoat I •• le Mawalmw «iM Mmrily, t« «■* ea Ihit iiirilltiM tor AiravflilM tatoriMltoa <• Umm DflMHWMl ml to« Ikt AlMka 0«M VMM, Mt«rt. awl oflrrt toml IkrtlHIw. Caul. Tkit Bdai. kaa MMctai «lM art wl«M» laM «g a tiff %• CORRMrOHDSNTCt Cbam NAVMMIA& n.»nB, Ntv Vvrk. C*oeBBa-W««t.««BTa Natmiial Baub, laa P w Haeo, Cat. C— W CIAI. MAtlMIAI. •Aim, CIllMC*, lilt. MAflMIAI. lAlla tr OMMiMMa, M. LfMta, NAtMRAt BARR 99 CMIIIRRCR, Cllf,ll«. ^ I I 1 : IS MOST IMPORTANT TO MINERS That is why those l)ound for Alaska demand our United States Government Inspected :©acon... Our U. S. Government Inspected Klondlk* SauMg* b put up specially for Alaska trade. Just the thin|^ in every respect. Ask to see it. Call for the Union Meat Co.'s Government In- spected products. Forsaleby alldealen.. UNION MEAT 6 Beef anb poth |pachet8 PORTLAND, - - - OR6CON OSUMMERs ^— rmn --^-■■vv >^ 111 Third St. & 267 W-h. ' Washington St ^RTUND. OREGON. "*»eA5WCMl.T»0FAU ^••JwcnyaBneltaeofaMltin^ /„ v«re. caape, Cirockcpy;Q|333 House . Furnishing • Goods I i Ml 1 1 iti ' \'\\ CHOICE or Tkree toutos ■KTWCKN THE Hisr, HMimi HI epy ■*iiii»iiiiiHiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiinimiinnnmHiHiHitttt»HllllttillM>*M'iiiii"iiii»iii*»'B^^ SUflSET Via New Orleans, El Paso, Tucson, Yuma, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Sacra% ento. THE FAVORITE WINTER ROUTE. OCDEfl Via Ooobn, Rbmo, San Pranciko and Sacsambmto. TWO TRAINS DAILY PROM CHIGAOO TO SAN FRANCISCO. Shasta Via Sackambmto. Castlb Cbaos. 11t. Shasta and Pohtlano ORCAT SCENIC ROUTE Of THE WEST. P«r full Infornatton conctrnlng Callforala, Ortgon and othtr Padlk Coatt points, RitM and rautas from tht Eaat, call upon any agtnt Southtro Pacific Company. T. H. OOOPMAN, OM.rM*.A|«. San PfondacOi CnL C. H. MARKHAM, Alt. Poftlnnd, On. -^ ^ Frank Co. ••[BSTABUSMiDrt,,... '-gas.Genen., Dealers ,„,he Northwest. WHOLESAIP A^.,^ ^r-^^^ MINERS' Complete Outfits INCIUWHO Alt MECKSAWES IN o» THt «,osiw:to,Z"2SS" **» «*vii..«c. 1:41:1 * FRANK CO. Portl^d^Q^ It! i' KLONDIKE MINERS AND PROSPECTORS WILL DO WELL TO PURCHASE THEIR SUPPLIES OF W. C. Noon Bag 6 PORTLAND, OREGON. W, I 32 & 34 First St, North, and 212-214-216 Couch St. MANUFACTURERS OF c^ BAGS, TWINES, TENTS, AWNINGS, FLAGS, MINING HOSE, BAGGING MATERIAL, CANVAS, COTTON DUCK, CORDAGE, ETC ^^SAIL (MAKING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES •¥'¥ Partla Outf Ittinf for Klooaikc ihouU moiic one of our Storm and Water-Proof SlccpUif Bafft. WB MAKE A SPECIALTY OP OUTFITTING PROSPECTORS FOR THE YUKON WITH TENTS, CLO rHES-BAGS. PACKING BAGS AND SLEEPING BAGS. ' t W^^t)H/?n5 & CO 'mporters and Wholesale °:r./^»^.^/ vJ "•wia Cigar, ^« «« |.^J.«d to flO AlMfc, O^ „ Tobaccos and Cigars I It' I Security Savings & Trust —Company — (^ OF PORTLAND. OREGON^® ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OP THE STATE QP ORECSON Cor. Morrison and Third Sts» PAID UP CAPITAL, - - $250,000 H. W. CORBBTT, Pratldtnt C H. LEWIS, Pint VkrPmldmr A. L. MILLS, Stomd VIm Pratldnit C. P. ADAMS, StcraUry HENRY FAILING, A. BUSH, H. W. CORBETT, C H. LEWIS, a A. DOLPH, A. L. MILLS, C P. ADAMS. MINERS'* __ German Sock ^ AND A COMPLETe LINE OF RUBBER BOOTS ^SHOES Eipceiftllf ^oifiied for AUik* trade* loU at PlricM and kept la iloGk fay Ot^egon Shoe Co. 49-51 Front Street, Portland, Ore. ILSnUK p. LOWMGAKT V. ! il /|R;SeUer5lCo. PMlaad^ On. SMttk^Vadk New Yocfc, 9091 Braadway ESTABLISHED 1859 •■¥-» Crockery 6lassv;are ■,iW»«*Itiw , i ■ ' S, W. Corner North Front and Burnside Sts. PORTLAND,ORE OUR OREGON BLANKETS OUR UNDERWEAR STOCK •he " Uwis." in AI|.W,S S^h^?^ U«lerw«,r. and OIJR OVERSHmTre Olds dicing J^WTLAND, (ME RUSSELL & CO BUDLOBSSOF nigh Grade Ens^ines* Boilers 5aw Mills -=---= FACrORYt MASSILLON, OHIO =- BRANCH HOUSEi PORTLAND, OREGON If yon AM ki 9U4 of Ml » Engine, + Boiler, + Saw Mill , OR MACHINERY SUPPLIES ll win f«y yoM to td our Vikm, Ask for CAtalo|«« RUSSELL & CO., - Portland, Oregon A. H. AVEROL, Mtatttt SAN PRANaSOO PORTUND MELBOURNI SIDNEY L. FELDMANN & CO. WHOLESALE JOBBERS or finmltewaa itvani, Haniiiiiani, uoiuiepn SHOVELS^ PICKS, AXES» HANDLES, CUTLERY jrlbinerd' Suppliee* l£tc. Impoften «f PIPES, STATIONERY AND NOTIONS ■AwwACT umw or BROOMS AND MATCiMEl© V« muMdutmn aad pack MatcKw SpMbUy lor the Kloadlkc RtflMi GOODS SOLD TO THE TRADE ONLY L, Peldmann & Oo. , Not. IS Ad 20 Ffont SIm Pbrllandl, Ort. ^ ! J t i li ■ ■ ' 1^ -■''-- Tlie Podlaiiii Flomiiig pis Go. t- 1 ...flbercbant /Iftillece... ^ li ■.•*.■ PORTLAND. OREGON > '1 ,,;; Da^^ ... 5,000 Barrels 'C !'r* .'*'' -- - Ull 1 C AT - 1 ■ ■ ' '^!^ ■ ., . :. ^ ■ • •v...v-,-';\'"'' iOflN'll'CCCC'tOPtwty- » • ■ 1 • • 1 ' '-'^^^^^^^^ PORTUND. OREGON H . -h,". '• * • OREGON CITY. " ■..•*•• 1 i SALEM. . " 1 1 ALBANY. •• I i 1 '■ ' SPOKANE. WASH. 1 TACOMA. 1 DAYTON. * ■' * '. 1 GENERAL OPFKSS 1 1 ' %8tand 1 Stark Streets, PortUnc • IfOngf, • >n 1 (?> V p^HG it«:Ltr»'-._/ »^Vsp- 'frr ... ^' IMPORTERS %ii km uiw a, 4, e A 8 HoPkh pifst 8tr««t •o 11» IS A 16 Anktay Str««t PORTL-HND, ORBCON . . . BSTABUSHBD IN 1851. •• Allen & Lewis T^ m *rr- ▼iMilcMk Deals .> la Slapit mA Fancy (Sroccrtes f Iprovieione SHIPPING '"' AM> COMMISSION izizim :n NORTH FRONT ST., BET. C. AND D. PORTLAND, ORE. * ^ QH/IS. nCQELE l£ 63-66 Front Street, Portland, Ore. IMVOBTBM *I*D JOHUt Or Crockcfy» Glassware^ China» Lamp Goods Lantcmst Cutlery^ Etc> •■LLIRO *OBNT« BALL BROS.* MASON FRUIT JARS, MACBBTH'S PEARL TOP LAMP CHIMNEYS, ACME FLINT LAMP CHIMNEYS, LA BASTIE TOUGHENECH3LASS LAMP CHIMNEYS — ^— >OBNn roB — — PAGlFtC POTTEIRT CO. M*ll«rACTV«BHB OF * Dwk OUtad StoocwMv, Butltr Poll u4 )un$ TflfM Gatta Flowtr Psii •V BTMIV •MCatPTMH /HOmm MM UONARD't DtV Alll. CUANAUJ iimilOIIIATOR. *«rNI tltT " IN TNIMAMIT. Wmn KMI CATAUMUE To Alaska and Klondike I i ^ ^ ^ •• vu », > 7^ L GoNBMling vilk PAST m4 OOMMODIOUS STBAKBRS far Juneau, Dyca, Skaguay and St Michaels LOWEST RAIL AND STEAMSHIP RATES Pv C9S|H^w ■• DICKINION. Om*I B. L. LOMAX. 1*1 R. W. BAXTER. Om*I Agwt ijl Tklri MrMt, PORTLAND, ORBOON. Sealy, Mason & Co. '^°*°" Defers »J A/a*, 0«(ta« SSTABUSHBD 1880 ^^'^HtKton can buy their a..m*. . « SEALY, MASON & CO. 'AMHILL STREET PORTLAND. ORBaON i The Ch/is. f. Deem Co. IIHIHUHmMIIHIIIIHIIIHHHHHIIIIHIIHIHIIHIIIIIIBHIHIl We carry a large supply of Flour, Hard Bread, Bacon Baking Powder &. Canned Goods ^■» Ship Chandlers and Store Dealers N. W. Cor. Pint and Ankcny 5U PORTLAND, ORB. AUO' i ' CAULKING IRONS, PITCH, OAKUM, BOAT COTTON, ROPE. BLOCKS, NAILS, SAIL-NEEDLES, TWINE, LIFE PRESERVERS, ETC » ♦ And art prepared to furnish Outfits and Supplies for Alaska Miners at short notice and at Low Prices efwhldiw«Mfryabf|«Mppl^! MERRIAM • PACK TImm pkckt Mc Mkaowkdgcd by apcrkaccd moMntaln dlmben to be gNAlly ■uptflor te aay pack n.ade* :l> EVAPORATED POTATOES AND VEGETABLES AND POTATO MEAL Packed In Tln-WUI keep indefinitely In any dinali For the Alaska Trade ! «-^®^i^'Q)^ t NEUSTADTER BROTHERS MflnfKiimfs 9f wM wwi*kM0wii "Standard Shirts" ''Bos8 of tbe IRoab" Qvetalto Mackinaw Clotbing Lined Duck Clothing. Funnel Under- wear AND OVERSHIRTS • • XS AND • • miuiiani .BEST VALUES AT MOST REASONABLE PRICES.. PORTLAND, ORB. SAN PRANCI5C0, CAUPORNIA I ■ J. E. HASELTINE & GO. Importers and Dealers In Iron, Steel and Goal *,('■ •►, BLACKSMITHS* SUPPLIES * Csrrlsgs and Wagon Matarlalf Hard" wood Lumber 49 St SI SBOOND STRBBT PORTLAND, ORBQON .'• . ■.; MASON, EHRMAN & CO. vi,t4* eiSARs AND T0BAeeas Goods for the Alaska Trade A SPECIALTY N-W. COR. SECOND AND PINE STRI: ETS PORTLAWD. OREGOU SHIP CHANDLERS T£A IMPORTERS I'll. mi5 & MflKKIS. SANFRANOSOa f 00-f 02 SacMfncalo St I PORTLANa OR* fO-12 North Fim St. PBAUIMIM j^^ii^s. Bags, Buitlap and Cotton ,...' BaRLAP G00DS, TENTS. AWNINGS Gmv«s» (all gradm and widthi)» Wagon Covcft» Sailor Bags, Oil Bags, Sleeping Bagi, Etc* ... ■ It -'•'■■ \ ■ •OM AOBHT* »OB TVS WtkCtWK COAST SOS R. J. T03ii£BR*S mm Fist ann stiiiiii Branns on ciotiiiiji AND James S. Gary & Sons' (Alberton Mills) Cotton Duck HSXDQUKRTBRS IH>lt KLONDIKE + SUPPLIES KLONDIKE * SUPPLIES Spedal Experience In SdectinK and Packlni; Provlslont for Safe Transit to the Yukon RI C H ET BROS. Wholesale Qrocers AND Commission Merchants 4 ALL KINDS OF FRESH AND DRIED FRUITS k n2-U4 Front Street PORTLAND. OREGON CL055CT & liEVEKS IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS Coffees, Teas and Spiees . . . OUR SPECIALTIES ... GOLDEN WEST ^^S^er COLUMBIA SODA COLUMBIA COFFEE CEYLON TEAS Iw Ifce Padfk N««fcw«l «l lh« P.P.C Oaa Gitfie 7 ae 9 North Second Stmt, PORTLAND, OREGON r'V'v II you are, 40 not forgot ■■Ji.:-f.-i-l' «.THREE IMPORTANT POINTS >4-»< FIRST— Go via St. Paul and Chicago beause the lines to that point will afford you the very best service. 5BC0ND— See that the coupon between St. Paul and Chicago reads via the Wisconsin Central because that iMt tiiakes close con. nections with all the trans^continental tines entering the Union Depots, and its service is first-class in every pai^tlcular. THIRD— For information, call on your neighbor and friend— the nearest ticket agent— and ask for a ticket reading via the Wis> consin Central lines, or address JAS. C POND, Gen. Pats. Aftnt, Mllwaukct, Wis. or GEO. S. BATTY, Gan. Agnt, 246 Stark Street, Portland, Oreten. spencer - Clarke Company, SHIPPING AND COMMISSION •Columbia River» Puget Sound and Alaska $aImon ••• PRaNCS. CVAPORATCB APPLES, ELTG. ReptcMntiag in Oregoa, Waahlngtoa, Alaska, and British Colnmbla. Western Sugar Refining Co., San Francisco, Cal. Chnrch & Dw.^ht Co., New Yotk James Pyle & Sons, New York Bnocb Morgan's Sons Co., Now York Artmcktc Bros , New York National Starch Mannfactnring Co., New York Cltvcland Baking Powder Co., New York Proctor & Gamble Co., Cini Inuati, Ohio Unfcm Bag & Paper Co., Sandy HIllTn. Y. PennsylTsnia Salt Mannfactnring Co., Pbiladelphia, Pcnn. T. A. Snider Preserve Co., Ciocin* nati, O. St. Charles Condensing Co., St Charles, III. . Michigan Condensed Milk Co., Detroit. Mich. American GIneoae Co , Peoria, III. Kansas Salt Co., Hutchinson, Kan. L. O. Yoe & Co., Chicago, 111. American Cereal Co., Chicago, 111 D. Ghirardelll Co., San Pmndsco, Cal. Bte., Btc. bank of british columbia building* Portland* Oregon Merchants ;i^ National Bank Portland, Oregon J. PRANK WATSON, PrtsMmt ' ' •■'■ , W. C. JOHNSON, VicrPretidtnt R. W. HOYT, Cashier ' ' GEO. W. HOYT, Assistant Cashier Transacts a General Banking Busii/icss • . . •• I, INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS '•' (.1 »*• ';.'* Drafts ind Uttera of Ocdit issued, available in all parts of the world COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY SOUOTS AOQOUNTS OF MINES AND MINERS GOLD DUST HANDLED ■'f-^^sWWCTKWr Patrick. Mastick & Co Miis, Sirim-Woit, Soles • • . AND TAPS ... ^^ADDLERY •nd Cowboy Outfits /-«*•/ Afc*. SUdUt with •lUtkmemt /«- I^ORTUND COPPEE fir ^i'KE Co. «. •4 ft 46 Front Street AND *IAf AJFACTUIUWJ „„ ^'pownTf nS'''<=^s, Baking Powder. Extract. E^. M igggttmmmmmimmmmaiMiMmmmmm^^ City Lumber Company YEARLY CAPACITY 200,000,000 FEET 'jf <■ ' '. « REPRESENTING THE FOLLOWING MILLS NORTH PACIFIC LUMBER CO. . INMAN, POULSEN & CO. WESTERN LUMBER CO. ; R K. JONES & CO. ALBINA LUMBER CO. SELLWOOD LURIBER CO. MAIN OFPICB Nos. 269 and 271 Stark Street « Ouunbcff of Coouncfcc BiilMliw PORTUND.ORE. ? H. S. HOLMES, Gtncrd Maiuictr 'A FLOUR -»r" i^ — > * i ^ Oregon iWashingtsn QOiail' FIsur Co. Nos. 3 & 5 First St. PORTLAND, OREGON ? ^^ 'i All Gp&des ]VIilleP8' Agents Bottom Piriees " m \' Oredop Sl^ort IJpe THE DIRECT AND BEST ROUTE TO THE GREAT KLONDIKE . *': ■ • :'* fm Yukon Gold Fiolds! G>nnccUons nude at PortUnd, Taconui and Seattle with all Transportation Companiea for Alailu • v-::::.^; SUamsbip accommodations Tfestrved by (Mail or Wire on application For full ptrtkulan reftrding Routes, Rates, etc. Address • .# D. E. BURLEY, General Passenger and Ticket Agent Salt Lake City, Utah • ' ^nd Oriental Goods '"""ininmnnlijmi ""UIfIIIIim||I|I„„m, CIGARS FOR OREGON 2AJVJ BROTJHERS ;« FRONT STl^T. . PORTX^, OREGON MAnorACTOftBu or ' ^0«|SS. MATCHES AHD MCTOWBS AT PO.TIAHD. 0«» . •*» wAHciKo. cAiT-^s.;;,-^- .„« »r I ■•• I »■••••••■••«•*••••••< ••————— — • • •>•• LADD & TILTON, •♦♦ PORTUKND, ORBOON ECSTABI^ISHBD IN 1868 TRANSACT A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS Interest illowed on time deposits. Collections nude tt all points on favorable terms. Letters of credit issued available In Europe and the Eastern Sifht Exchange and Telegraphic Transfers sold on New York, Washington, Chiago, St. Louis, Denver, Omaha, San Prandsco, and various points in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana and British Columbia. Exchange sold on London, Paris, Berlin, Ptrankfort and Hong Kong. Fleischner, Mayer & Co. IHI Fnit m U4% Flnt ItlCItt, iM«, IRIII WHOLBSALB DBALBR8 IN kli. _/^ ^^ ...DRY GOODS.. w :^ MANUPACTURBR8 OF HEAVY + MACKINAW + GOODS ' . .. ■" V . • • Made on our own premises, specially for tbe Alaska Trade, WCCLOMlVn AOKNTt TOR TBS tAtS ON TM NOKTHWMT COAST Or TVS Blankets and other Heavy Woolen Qoodt MA»S Wf TBI • i Tboi. Iij Wooloi mill ol Silim, Ongon. ' i; CLOTHING Our nuuiy yean of exptricnce in outfitting Alaslu protpectora have tauglit US exactly wliat the climate demands. In many Instances our doth- Ing and underwear are specially designed and made for our trade. You can* not be too careful regarding the quality of the dothing you sdect when start* Ing to the Yukon gold fields, as It will be Impossible to purchase dothbig while In the interior, so the dothing you start with must last you until you return. We do not carry inferior or trashy goods. NOT HOW CHEAP, BUT HOW GOOD, Is what we strive for in our Alaska dothing. WiU take pleasure in showing you our special lines of Mackinaws, G)rduroy Qothing, Flannel Shirts, Arctic Underwear, Sweaters, Blanlcets, Mitts, Wool-Lined Hoods, Leather G>ats (Corduroy Lined), Rubber Boots (Nailed and Leather Sole), Buckingham & Hecht High-Cut Heavy Shoes, Etc, Etc Whatever you find in our stock is of guaranteed quality. If there was better quality you'd find it here. Write for our price list of , Klondike dothing to either store. THE RED FRONT 269 ?71 Morrison Street Bet Thifd Md FoufUw Portland, Oregon ...BRANCH STOMB... 6is Second Avenue, Seattle, Wash. •S7 Market Street, San Prandaco, Cal. •'NO. P. SHARKEY PACKSTRA%S' ^'SSS:SL'' ""ORGANS « • FRAME HHNKV PAIUNO, nmUumt. M. W. COEBSTT. Ifkt-rfwMtat. o. s. wrraiMoiroit, CMkicr. j. w. miwKiaK. V. C AI.TOBD, ti AMI. Gukkr. I FIRST National Bank OP PO&TI■■ THE SCENIC ROUTE OF THE WORLD Jl D«Ugl\tful Trtp through ^h* Heart of tti* RocklM. No OiiM. No H*at. A Coiittai\t, Everchanalns Pai\oraina of th« BeauitM of Naiur*. Otvirig tl\* Traveler "a Peep lt\to a Aoui\taiti-WaUed Treasury of t^e Code." WWM* Ik' ■J >. ,^J^ Stopovert granted at SALT UIKB CITY, giving all Potaengert Twei|ty-four Hours III Zioi) Aceoa|inodattoi|s the Best ai)d Rates the Lowest. For lnfoni)atloi| as to Rates, Routes, Pullii|an, Tourist or Choir Car Reserva- tlohs, at[d for advertising paaqphlets descriptive of the country trav- ersed by th* Rio Grande Western Railway, opply to •. H. BAMOOK. TnSe MsM«er, M. 9. BOOU, MerthveM MMMfer Ageat, ■sttUkeQIIy.Dlelk M«.lUTIdrdM.. PotllMid.Oie. P. A. WAOLBIOft, OeamI Pmmmw sad Tlskel Afeal, IslliekeOllr.Dtsh. TOBACC Cigars "Si^^eo-- ^ Pipes ''OR THE YUKON at VHOLCSALC PRiecs . . . . ^t « THIRD STREET charus Coopey ••• M2;*ant Tailor... CI-OTHING AND ^==^,^^^_^^ WOOL BLANKETS ■ 1 . Il ■*'. ''■■■ ■ I (PATKNT ArrURD FOB.) ^ig^VtRYONtt goiag to tk* Kleadirtt Mcda • Boat. « BMgk sad ■ Cabta. Hera «• BM' offer you • comMaaiioa of ik«B all Tk« Boet la Made of Iroa aad atcci, wtifka Jt^ 9M ItM., aad carrica ).aoo Iba. It caa be Ukca apart aad ca'-rlcd la aactloaa ky — oae maa over obalractloaa. aad put toscther ta aa koar wiik wreack aad acraw driver. Poar aea witk tkclr full outAU oaa raaily aavintc tke largeat rtvera, aaialHat crecka, lakea. etc.. ouoklag aad aicepiag ia tke aiaallcr tue aa tkcy go, ualag a caavaa top at aigkt or ta atonay wcatker. Tke tleigk caa be dropped off wbea la ike water bv removal of foar bolu aad drawa up lato tke boot Tbe flat aboea caa be takea off, aaa •^ ....•- ...... whUe otkera are wallowlag la loldca augeeta If poaaciaed ta aad la-rcet leagtka ara tke ateel ruaaera make a apleadld lce>boat If dealired. WbIL ■ud aad ice trylag to "gel Ibere," you may be barveatlag goldca aageeta If poiPtii e d ofoaeof tbeaeboata. Aay alsc you wieb amde to order; is. >a aad la-rcet leagtba ara moatly aaed. Prlcea aorordiag to aiae, |Ma.ae aad up. Cirder early, aa It takea time to build Ibem, aad many will waat tbem. We alao caa It you out witb Mlaer'a Picka. Sbevcla, Btovea, Cooklag DtenaiUi, Tonto etc., better aad cbcaper tbaa voa grt a{ kome, aa we kaov Juat what you waat for tkat coaalry aad wUI aot load you wltb a lot of gooda uaeleaa teyou wkea you get there HUNT HARDWARE CO. tall lit Homui strcib, Fortlaii, Ortioi ...OP ALL KINDS... Linotype and Stereotype c . Metals MANOPACTOBSO BT Pacific • Metal • Works vn AB« mroRTSBB or PIQ LEAD AND BLOCK TIN. ROOFING AND*BRIQKT TIN PLATES GALVANIZED SHEET IRON. SHEET AND BOLT COPPER. Etc. Etc Noa. 73 *% 76 NortH Second Street PORl LAND, OREGON ROTHCH/LD BROS. Xiquor 5)ealcr8 ••• W7, J- ••.I860... • A. STR0W6RIDGE WNDlflos •M '^^.»m;s;;t^^ • • ' ^ > Dayton hardware co. f ^ \ < Prospectors ^ Miners Shoveli^ Stovcs» Picks, Gold Pans» Ammunitioii, . . WhipiawB • • • . 192 A 194 FIRST STREET, COR. TAYLOR, PORTLAND, ORE. ALASKA OUTFITTERS A. B. Steinbach & Co. POPULAR ONE PRICE Cioimiini, laiiiirs uil Fanisiim Cor. Pint and Morriion Sli., PoriUnd, Or. BUTTERFIELD BROS. MINBKS* QOLO ICAUM, MAQNIPVINO OUAttU, •MOKBD SNOW OtASSM. Ifyoo ttttd OUmii for mr By« dp aoc go to tb« Y«koa withoa ithont Umoi. TAKK A GOOD WATCH WITH YOU. OHl in>i nnt n, II Miri, Firtlui, Onpi ^be jf (nest Xltain in tbe Timortot THE LONG-TALKED OF LIMITED TRAINS ON "The Northwestern Line C Si. p., M. Ii a Raflwfty, to fiM brtw«M MINNEAPOLIS. ST. PAUL AND CHICAGO 91 t ..« ARE NOW IN SERVICE Th« pnM as wdl u tht peoplt who havt IbtptctMl thnt trains adalt Ihtt ttity npraacnt tht acmt of the car bulldtra' art Th« tngino Is aftar tha faoKNis 909 pattern and from and to and tha train Is vastlbulad with brand Plata glass vasttbults which complttaly enclosa tha platforai and add greatly to the beauty u well as to the oomfoit of the train. IF YOU ARE GOING EAST WNV NOT rATSOMIM TNI NIW ...NORTHWESTERN LIMITED... Bxaifslon or other daaaas of tickets an good on this train and no extra fans an charged for the superior accommodations. TIcKets, slaeplngxar raservattons and Map folder on application to your home agent, or address F. C aAVAOV» T. A. No. Ml WaUOngton T. V. TIASDAUi OeMnI V. K MBAP, a A. EAGLE WOOLEN MILLS GO .OP- BROWNSVILLE, OREGON MANVrACTURBM OV Men's and Boys' Clothing BUNKETS, FUNNELS, MACK1NAWS, Etc., Etc, Etc Goods Strictly All -Wool I We handle all goodi necessiry for the KlondIM trade in the Cloth, iiif line, such as Ptit Boots, Otrnian Sox, Rukbor Boots, Arctic Stockings, Mackinaw CoatSi Plannol Uii4or and Ovorsklrts, Etc, Btc, DOmr FAIL TO GET OUR PRICES AT The Brownsville Clothing Store I JJA THIRD STRCCT •■'I PORTLAND. ORCQON O. P». OIL.PIN,|IICkn»cobr The Oregon Railroad ^ Navigation Company XTTITXXJ. TTrxiTixr THR9UGH ITS EASTERN CONNECTIONS FORMS THE SHORT • AND DIRECT ROUTE TO THE Klonilike Bold Fields ■V WAV or PORTLAND . . . Pint-Oass Iron Steamships ply between the above Port and . . . DYEA AND SKAGUAY Per RatM, Datn •! SiOIIni and DttaH InformatlM, AddiMt ».•' ' AfMl PO]tTLANI>» OTJBGON Marine Insurance Marine Adjusting op Losses «• MARINE LAW I S. Paul Pa, and Marine Insurance G. Western Assurance Co .00m ■"»« only ifeneral arcncy of M3ri«- . In the Northwest. t^ WOLFF &Z WICKER IRON WORKS Mil i um •# PORTLAND, OREOON^ IRON, STEEL AND COMPOSITE >- Marine and Mining Macliinery J HYDRAULIC PIPE, GIANTS. GATES. ETC. Bridge and 'Boit kVork, ^auUs, \- . CORRESPONDENCE SOUCITED KROCHMAN & HARTMAN Builders' Hardware, Tools, Mantels, Grates, Tile, Etc. 183 FIRST STRCKT. ■■ i n— VMBklll mU Tarlw. P«rttaai« OrvgM. P.O.BMM. T«l«9taMSS«. miNBRS* 8UPPL.IBS K 8PBCmL.TV Fairbanks' Standard 3cal6S Fairbanks, Morse & Co. CP No. 22 Fnmt Stfcd, PORTLAND^ QBE. L. N. ^ARKCR, MANAOm TtltmiONl M JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO. ""TISL n j Wfte an5 tntvlatcD Vlf tc . . . WIREl R OFEk ^ NBW JBRSBY WIRB CLOTN CO. L. H. PARKER, Afoil, 22 Fraal Siml, Portlud, On|o^ 9MI PMRCIMS wBC#t Vf W W VT9MMN 9VMV TKOMA* •ra.UIAN AMBRMV OAimm««tll . . . TBLBPHONB 661.., OREGON CROCKER CO. 109 6* III Sixth St, North, Portland, On, Fancy BiseuUs, Cfracker^p Ship Brtadf and Maearonif SpagheUip VcrmieMi «i^;^ :;;:.■>.';>>; ^-r^«j-:"' .•■ ^ •*•••• /:4^ ■■""■■' ^ r . ,;< .t? »^ KEY TO MAP«^ LOOK OVER THIS MAP ,...CARePULtY... and study it well. After havinn^ decided which route you intend to take, come direct to Portland, Oregon, the terminus of the most direct steamship lines to the Gold Fields of Alaska, and by so doing you will be in THE LEADING CITY IN TH6 NORTHWEST to outfit. In making up your list of supplies be careful about grands as you will want goods which will keep afteryou get there, this being especially true, regarding Bacon and Hams. BnEaBDOBD iiiiimiiiiiiir.iinii.iiiiiii ii.iiiiiii ii unit ii iiiii-i. " '■"■■ ■"■■'■ !■ ■IIIIIM lllll'IPIIBIIIIlll.llLlllllB!anil Ns^^^^^^sNs^\^ The G. H. Hammond Company jisssrHrotiss-N™ Have an establlshnicnt on the Pacific CoMSt at Portland, Oregon, which ha» ma^ a study of the requirements of ttiosc going to the Gold Fields In Alaska, and are prepared to Pack Meats especially for this trade. All th«r products are from Bastara Cora-Ped Hogs and Inspected by United States Government Inspectors. It has been practically dew onstrated that the ®nl^ + IReliable + Aeate to take Into that country are those put up by experienced Eastern Packers who have made Curing and Packing a study for the past fifty years. t.Baoon, Hams and Other Produota.. will keep Sound and Sweet In any dloMte. The G. H. Hammond Company ' '.'^ \ :^>.» ALASKA |ioi{THaiB8T TEnDironv GOLD FIELDS .'^ C T I C ( J fTty I A WC 1- 1 c sMu/i «kflv *>wSl( A ReMDCmSTMItM .oU'*" C7 "/I .of SM _9*''. MMiun* ^] mRHOsi d lH|5 /^ A C / •ftt /^ / d TRANMONTINKNTAL ROUTU OHIOAOO, ST. I.OUm AM* NK>M OMiiXANS ^oimiiiM«iDi owaoi \v% / . M ln« SmM UK SiM4 h my dMMi>: The G. H. Hammond Company \ T