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Tous les autres exempiaires orlglnaux sont filmte en commen^ant par la premlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernldre image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbole -^signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs it des tauu de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seui ciichA, il est fiimA d partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lliustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I "m '^*^. AV AUTHENTIC HISTORY OF THE SECOND WAR ^OR IJVDEPEJ\rDEj\rCE : COMPRISINa DETAILS op TBP M.r.^. -o« .. cot.™ :;:: r :;r "'°^" C«Ar„,OA. AK„ B.OOKAP„.eAr:or "'"' " ^'i'« ^'''«n's praise to the wx -./ t, ■ "praise, in mine ear, Jl ^f'. .^"''^ *%'' ''" 9 u^nue fie yt^ shines in ivarj^ Ossian. IN TWO VOLUMES. • yoL,i. m PimiSHEn BV J. G. HATHAWAV. ivcllogg & Beardslee. Pri. 1815. •^- p "i^fPPiyfVF*'"? 'I'^^^^wfi"*! ' •• "■! E2>S4. i5g»,g v.| » .X .J»s,:^ »l .*■,!■' .1 'i MM- INTRODUCTION. ili'^'i^* •Exposition of the Causes of tJie War. Iwepn ♦!,- nJ^T,- , ooraial political connex on be- of ««..tBnta.„ There is something in the witiond prme w „!;»!and that can never forsive the dad.,*- tion of indepemlence,. and on our side, the sufferingl prison ships Durnings, massacres and scalpings of fte moktion have not been forgotten. It 4, |„e, that the ties of a common ancestry^ sirtHIarity of language «nd manners, have been urged as natural inducements tea close and friendly alliance between the t,vo com*. tries. These causes operate feebly, when opposed by * powerful spirit of commercial rivalry, and thVresen^ ments springmgfrom the revolutionary war, mutually cherished by both nations. ^? The hostility of England has been coeval witt^ national existehce. How easy it is to furnfeh the itt. shin " tI"™'T''1' t"'"""=^ "' *« *"•* ^^ «T2 « ^T'"*" "' *'•* "^"'"ti^nary ^are«.str.L^ «d the British government to recognize our InL^nS- :e«ce 5 yet she refused to execute the. treat/, f^r^t The western posts from Ovw.-^ .- ^.,,11 . . **• were forcibly retained, contrarv't/^ ^"'^■""eir «des at the defeat^^ "nd the raters ;;r.M'Krerffn r'" '^«'-* ment,toCoK England, the commit of Z P**^--!- troops at Maiden, during th« month, f. . ^"S'""" r.st ,794, and at the timf Gen Wav ° '"'^ "'"' ^"'- •Xainst the Indians on the M ian^ ^ n '"'' °P^'*«»S tliese Irtters tlmt the scalpst^erh ., r^^""'' ^'"^ «ent toth, Indian estabtmf„ratV '"'""^ *«'« "Ter,th.ttho hostile opeSsof reZ'^ "' *** eoncertied with British aeenta «J m '*"* ''*"'« 1*in Indian tribes « haXrcomJetrr k^* ^"- -rried.,with scalps and pfi^tta'l^^ ^^ «t p«^«o„., re,„wed on going' Je. 'narf .1^ «• «f #% INTRODUCTION, wented that his Maiv>a „.»* .... secuntj from the late great influx of I.ulians into that- t'^n "of Ir""*"^' *'«'""'i«"'yP-»ist i» their re,l tion of returnmg bo goon 5'' that the British ac'^U remain 5 but that without provisions and ammunition being sent to that nl»r» ;i . ' f""""""'"" ii.^JLi -1. "",?'*««' »* was conceived to be et- tremely a..Ticult to keep them together; and that «Co^ England was making g,eat exertions ^ supph the In diang with provisions " «•« * »"PP'* tne in- Col. M'Kee\ t^vT. *u ' ""* ^"'* (continues my and wl nnl ^ ^■*"»«<"> of the American ar- my and we now muster lOOO.Indians • all-^fe* l»k» lndi«„8,from Saguna downwar^J, ghm,U „ I P moment in joining their breXpn' !! '"'* """^ strength is^an additiol 1^^^" r "'^r a ,a cornHe.ds''L;re„n^ tHnJ^ S^ *^ The same influence n^« ot-^. • i and Cherokee Indian,! bTT'' k^"""-" *'"' Creek of Bowles assumed Letitfe^fr'-'r*"^*'-'''''"^^ Muscogee. I "^ ^'•«''>'- General of A^2 See Appendix IS #'^ /^^ INTRODUCWON. liiOof of tho Pi.*** L •ct.. of hos«,u;: '"' "**"'' •"*"«*«"« «'« «va«e, ,<, '^"He Jate Gen Pito :« k* ^ S-ch h«« been i di^' T f n *•" '"""'''•'•^ «-t territorial right.. uZTt ™*' ^"**''' '^'^ »»•• *".e interest of fe Zntr. S^r """"*•• «>« ucutralitj ^w adopted S^h ^''.Vf"'"^ "^ » strict. June followino- an nr-^ • ^'*' "" ^^e 8th of *• James Z*?n *'"' ""'*•' «<»•» «>« cabinet of part, ^w4' r I^J„»^';->« 1^^^^^^ who„/„r;' Thi« ni,^.,o • "^-^ ^'*^ ^I'eat Britain theXf ?6 '^ Thr '"""^•^'^ '' ** -^-~t of ordained that neutran^'"''™"' """^ '^'''*''^y rule the beneat, of a ttdlS tr^T °"* *"*'*'*'' *° ^'^or power, fron. Mt^X^f'''^'\f « •>«" Wt •Jed hy the mother oundt r''' '"'^ ^*^* "<='»- e.. ..ve trade wi.. the Wh'coUViS^S t See Appendix C. » •§> -<«• INTRODUCTION; Z^l !r""'' •'^'""y'»e P^'-^^icns or supplies fo* the use of .ny such colony." a great number of "' ->enca„ vessels became the victims^f this f^l^t excited. War was, for > while, considered the only al ternafve. Fi„aHy. the pacific system of po icy w.t to Oreat Britain— the result was a treatv nr .r^u commerce and navigation. Never^eles, ttf ^'' ofthp TTni+^^cx ^ "^^^^"^®'«8s, the commerce 01 the United States continued to be the prey a£JBriti«k cruisers and privateers. . "^ ^''^^ P^™*** The accursed practice of imnr«»flsm*»«+ u ^ • .. mpnnurk.'i^ 1 ^ v-c ui impressment, had m thA meanwhile become a serious cause of comDllint P as early as 17q' ** can citizens J 1 , *' "»pres3ment of Amwi. ""!^^^"f *"'«'•''« on board British armed vessel, was n«^nljr an iniurv ♦« fkz. . r ^ "■"'«« vessels, . , ^UtitMt..rflIv.,T.T-*^*'' ""fortunate individud. ^ -^ _..__._, _,.„„ ^^..^,^ emotions in the brea^ » introduction; "•""'gcd, that o„Iers w2u j k, "" f P*«-«*«"'. from s.mila*^i„,e,.,,;'r";„ 'I'"*';'' '" ft^-re, abstain *Onstratcd against th. J" ^P"^^^^-> M<: Kingre- " "--yectraroflt.f:r! "''• «« -'"-"Ha* been supposed ; „,d tha i!,sw TT"'' *'"'" '""^ m many i„,,t„„ enuivoJr ". ' '^'''' »'"' thos,, ter at.the court of LoS;?'''' ""* ^™''™-''" "•'»'«- ti-e years I70f, and iro" ^ . ,' '" """= '»»"*'•« (part of «>.a.«e 0. two hundrSr,::^^^^^^^^^^^ ^°'- '^-^ "■''- had in most cases exhibited Tr^K " '*"""'''' ^^o «», [^r. mng n thlttt "videnceasto satistifjr ced into the British serv S^jr' "■"'' ^'"•"•iean*, f„r^ ;» refusing pa^ «„rt bo„nt;% "' j::"r""e' 8-e™"r, the American Secretary of State ^i/, T T "^ '^^«' '«5- ^rote to Mr. King inst™lf ' .• """'^^ ^'^*'"- fte British governmenf rr ^^ *"'" *° '"r 'hat « if fe^.s.an,^Jprttr :i"rH *r *''''••"=''*'»' "e on their friendship, it t„uM r ' , '"''"=''' ""J' ^*1- "•elieving their oppressed . v ""''*"*•> *'"> -neans of Wal officers oCil" e JaTwT t* " *•> ^"'^^ foreigners from the ves els of ^^ ."''.""""^ "'"' «*er y might, with a. much reason roV'f '*''**^ ' *'"'* «*' the p^p,,ty or merchaTd^'it~r*'^ »nd Portuguese, aa seize .„d deLn in Th"*'' '^"•" the subjects of those nations fo,,^d V f"" """'««* 'e^elsj and that the Sdel? '"' ^"""^ ^'»«'''"» ^j^st and tation wag le Ameri« liberated, '«> abstain ' ^^ng re- paid, that, tban had. nd those m minis- ' (part of ^the dig-* Pn> whof satistify ins, for- nerall^, )f 1796, Picker^ hat « if 'ghts of ^J val- Jans of British I other ', that essela Danes 'Ourt JNTRQDUCTION. . ^ ,0^ London, statinir thaf « *k-. • no right had be*u J "rteS 1 •'' °^ *''""''"•'" ' «>•* Americ^et, that thev I'er^ tr" *!J' "'*'*" "^ were dragged onboard BritrHhllrr''''' **"* ""T denceofcitiV.enahipin tlTei (,, ! '^ ^ *"■■' ^"'htheevU there to serve untifoi^^^^^^^^^^^ could be obtained , that m^n '''*""•""»'« »f «'eir birth, and all were detained l"^;""'' P"""'' ""relieved, «nd injurious oo^tnt Zt r"" 'T' '" '-•"" practice must inevitably Lo^ I '=°»*"»'»«« of the nations, which ought to be fr /T'"'' ''*«»'«» two ^- " - .ore i£^u t^d^st" raj :: 'r selves the well founded 11??' '""^"'**"'««- force the governre^:? ^r^e 2^ Tb^r™"' •»* possibly terminate in an operr:;tu".:''"'' "'^ r^^ . ^''*''« '"=t»-*'=ts furnish ample proof tt«t ,1, .- impressment became a serious grCd of L '• "^ * "^ remonstrance as earlj. as n02^Zr ^TfT^ *'"' ers desist from their practice „,;''"' ^rihsh cruis- »ea„,e„ even during ^ Sd'^fTS ^"'*"".'^- France. ^"'^ '^'^^ aJ war with . In the' winter of 1800 \r^ t-^ ' ^* ter at PMladelphil^rbmtd':";^^;;r ^ the consideration of the Amerir,n„'' * *^««*r*> V«jected by Mr. Adams anTuel^r"'"''"*- ^*''« ecutive department, whom he col^u:^'"!.''^ *« «*'- " that it did notsufficiently^SiS:^^ «''"""• «ent of American scameV' .n Ubft t t^'"'"''*' •— -- , «^!,T- —J ..- ' . " *"*' 't was Better t« katvr r- : 10 WTRODucnaN. td etiumerftte merchant vew^lii An *k-. l-^ the things not tobe foreTireni^^^ h«g»» s€a«, ^mofig tfers." ^^'v^^'^tered in scurch of desert Solden age of the AmSn l^'uf '""^ ''"^- "^^ ?me with the whole worid T^'t ?,":'"«'"=«"'• At 'ifWtened every sea • iJ" i f Aounshmg commerce ^Hs thepro^Vtiiitre: :;':sr"^''*^ *» -^^ Jnipdrts and i-pv^h^. j ^ '' *'""' e'Torts, im- %re»Smett;Si;horf **'"*•=''' ** i*^«'=««df frequent, '•-^^'^'^"^^^'^^ii^nw. When the President of the Unit^l vt.i special mission to ncgociate ^i^h SS^l"**' * the purchase of Louisiana, Mr. King was in« T.*"' -expiam to tl,e British government £ Tect !f^*'''''.*° «ion. Mr.Kingmadethee3.planatioh. I • r * ""*• American government that « the 11™ ?-■»«•» *'''' received in good part, noio^t^TT^'^TT*'^ pght of the United Statertopursuelel If**'/! '''^ the objects thej aimed at j hut tre Brit 1^'"'' "'""^ geared tobe satisfied ^Ui^ii^^S^t^:^'"^ tfci# important subject." '*""««« views on wrot<* to Lord Hawkesbury apprisinc him »f k "' and also, that in drawing Ip 1 1^ cal hid r"* taken so to frame the same, as not t„ ilr ^ *"*" «f =«. Britain, inthe navDion „fth 1^' '"^ "g*" The noble Lo^d r^X^S^^^'^'^TTrm." r > wiui fie ftaU received hl&MSL' rch of deser- Iftat Britiiifi Ifericjr. The '!« I'epose to VMS. The enced. At ! commerce we to her *porfa, im- pie : Trhili pracficedf t liast Dili fr.Ri ff»tfsco^^i^ «<► expr^sp thepl^ure with „i«cv' h.»^m^esty had received *he intelligence ; and to S that^majestjr regarded the care which h,d beentd^ sp^/mmMheteatjr „ „ot.to infringe any right 7g. ^.h*n,«4he„ayigation of the river kJsip^, a« tj »^»t «rt,j^,e United States to a spiri 'of aS„/ dizement, not necessary to their own security. TeJ affirmed besides, that « the purchase was made a-aS tte known conditions on which it had been ced°rbv Spam to France," that in c^se of the protestatioStS Sldentof tive United States ratified the t^aty of pur- chase 5 and that « there wasgoodreason to beUeve, thit many circumstances attending the transac,fi„„ 'L *?eS* ««striousiy concealed." Yet these aspe;sion7^^ 1' .■■- w >l I! i IN^aDlJCtlON* *7 over the territory of r """"' »»r soyereijcn- *t tte time these uXiat^T ' ' '"'''^'^"«- «£ *»t Spain had repliedSul 1"^"*"=''*'' "Vere .nad. r »»«. that by the re\rociw f ^ ' T''*"*^' **• CevaJ, «nJthatpo,ye^regS ;?'!f .**» ''■•««''>f ^- had, saving'the ri|hts ac«„. ^7:""=*=' '^'th the limits it ttat the United sSfe, c3d t^ ^ "*'*' P"'^''^ ' »"«« French government, ^ Tl •/''*'' themselves to tl^ ritorie,, which might tftT' ' *'* *''»'"'"«o» ^^ ter! "O'^ov*, that his Catho, i- Tr'" ^hey knew '"gto„,in,804,.cti„g:':=,^^^^^^^^ «'gn,'' declared to the aI. " '"'o"" °"^''' "^his sov- m Madison, that the^^TnT ^'""^^ "' ^tate, •ment of France had ^hen S ?."\'''''''' ^^^ S<>vern- **erning the sale of Lom i" *! t'tK^^''^^ "''J^*^' '«■>- the amicable disp„.itirs " | tL ^'""'•' ^*''**«' ''"d wa^tfer, towards^heslstates Ijf'' *" ^ing, hi, Jandph the opposition Jh^hl'f ""'-i^d him to *'th the most substantia Motives uT", """""' ''»'' against the transaction." * " '**'' manifested The bright prospects opened tn A • ^the peace of Amiens,^ wej dell "'*" '='''»'»"=^"« War recommenced between F™ * ""'' transient. Auxerican mi„i«er aS^^'T """ ^»«'«»d. ^e trances, from the bS "* ** ""*"'*♦ "Stained as>* -ent of «,, instSnfgrern" *""*' '» ^ eers should be drawn UDw!tl.^T- *° *•"«"• "aval offi,' ««. in general that the rigTt'oYCr" ""' J""'"'-' "ercisedia moderation, Id J^^i J ^^*''^"* ^'-Wbe »on, and with dae respest ta fee UKI^ ii^possressierf thenegocia-^ »J sovereign- 'knew aiso,^ ^ere made,- '9 M, Ceval- -> of Louigi. the limits it )wers,- and elves to tlie ition of ter- rhejr knew rat Wash- of his sov- of state, e govern- esty, con- tates, and King,_hi8 'd him to f'iod, and anifested ^ toOie of neutrals.'*' Ak^ • '^ ^, '^^ »fthe practice of i,"e"t,!r'''"'^^ f;r signature, a co„,4 "" t ' °^'" ■""''''''' P-Pared five;^earMeclari„gthatri' '*"""" '-= f"rce d^^'^ ^.on, should upon tfeS, , ■:;*':j'^? ^""'^^fari.^^per! ' <^on of either party, be del! '.'"f ^'*°>" H'e j^Si ' ' ship or vessoi 1. . '^"'*n''e4 Or . ^— -v.^ ed Ln« «r- 5^'?^'« 'ette "^•*^j4*j^f^ ^ ^ ■ V I-o-Jon, Jul^ ]^fj t" ffi^ Secretion, cfgj,^ *ff . M INTRODUCTION. wliich mi"i,t be actually invested • an^ell as repuMi- ?«uuW'. honor Th'/, "I'^'Sn.ties offered to their era! reseutm^nf ,f f'""""'^' ^^*f as irionuinents of fed- ' of war against Great.B'ritaLt^.el„t% 1""*"" excited to the war key • not Kv ! / '^i ^ '^'''''"f """' »ct.ai suBerance, ^ ' ' ^^ "' "' declamatio^, but ' How evtr, Pease :bcin(r.obviouslv +),«*. ' .. , -*e republic, "egociaion was aZterft *'"?r"*=^ "^^ pWcrable to war. "doptcd as an alternative. In 180S, Mesws. Monroe and P;nt„„, ' . -.- ea-waifiarv to the courtof St. Ja^ta j'*' JNTRODrcfe*. "» V practicable, a rch-e^s of grfe^"'" V " "'''"'"' ^^ was given them for the pTS lV.„ 7 ?''*''"'''-^ articles of K„g.ish\,an«fHciii2';^:E "':''"■' was suspended, in nrnnf «<• • ; ■'-'"' '**«**'. nate the' then e^Uti";!!;:;™ ^''f- *» te-i- nevertheless i,..t.«ct.^ to * are t„ ti "i/r ^^^ ""'^ 'finilion of block-fde?, "' "T""""'*' "'"^ *'«= ''e- >nd that « ,vUbo«f « ■' «''^°i"telri3,dispe,.sabl*y. Sysfenoving the Zl! r! '»f Po-'ts in c^ontrorcr- impress, tjrannj ; « lLen;„ •.? ^'^ ^''""' "^^ «'* fee, and' .xpfa/J ''^f, ;"' ' -/'fi'^'-ce to a.ur- . '» a sense favorable to thl • ^ "-""""i^sione.s , » state of i„f„r„.ation ttT. f "' '• »"" J"^8'»« f-'" •'o."bt the safficiency rf r/ '^ "" "nme«lia•* ,^-^ a pledge « that in^l^™-''^'' -.«'>-- -ouia ne repeated and enforced" fol.Ti,"*T*^"*"'*»^ I' ' ' 16 i INTRODUqXlON. ^'<»« any molestation or i„i„^?,°V''*.^'"i'«d States Pron.,,t redrcs should bllZrJ^^ *"' ''"'"-d'ate and t.c.^of Jj„r^ sustained b;^-!:';"^"" *"-- -F-enta- " »a. w-under ccnsidera«„n f ""P'^'^'^nt, that when •^Pntaiued In the subSt ''**'«='»**<»>' the pledge ,«na.,mnished violence, ii thcH "''"' '"""■"'"='' ^"f" ■ *°'"*''^''"'^ «*;co.Idnotbedoubt'd;. Th"Sn.«f«^^ ty, Miia conseqcntly declined ^i'"" «t Holland and Aukland, by coi;;,™"fr »*■•«. Lord. aeHvered a declaratio; i Z^^^ ^''^ ^^'^Sn, «^a ,n case Prance should carrJ r^.l "*• '*'»''''*<' INt^omJCTIONl -'"respeet, a^ to S a CtyZ' T ,*° f ^"^ '^ toinihe power of a^^nn- •. ™servedto OreW^ri- •nd made Jtti?j"S >t.^p™vi«ons ^ pl*.«™ j •f Franc*. ^***'^ P-iishaMefor the offen J ports «h„„,a btiott jr ^'^ '" '""**' *"* *»>«* her allies : or S^l ^ P"*"'^^'"" of Fr4nc«, or ti»t British voS'i*" !:?''"• *'""' '=^'*«'» - before it was possTMrfXlftvf**''^*'" ****>' k»ow whatco»Lth74mi„f '*''* ?°""^»««»t ««> "'peciing the Bertin decree afrrr*"/ '^'"' **^* •-««l «f the existence of hTde^^ t^P. V^ *^'^ * yna aBMujiced to extend A« • , ***»™S»5''8««ler American commtet^ * <>f «I*l»«datio6* o» ,?»«. *i»period, to the memorrf,le Wb^lf* •^^«: *f^«o«, lfiJi!,the insults and JT ^ ^^' ^^ toin, against the flaT ^. •«S^T'"»» "^ G«a»-B*- .U-iJstatesterS'i:;^^^^^^ ««W«ce8 wo«ld fill a volumelf 2, "ll'^^^^^^'-'^f «"« The French ^2I^^'"f"^^ We«>?«S. •8«le on the .o«n ^ Y f P*''^"='» *«"* ashorfiii kfT^" Me eoufhern coastof the Hns*^ c*...: T" =««« signal of distress flyinc. a »" «T """^* * *"•* IjB INTRODUCTION. ■tiK • f trPTing hers violating at once th.- • ..■ *9Pfment wa, offered for tht „„?'***' ^'***»- ^o - f^^St..).? VuuitU stat'^ "' «■«■• hovered «p„n fte ^i-J^cWwA h,4:ot? :;^P»-"«r for. „T otter •"•^n, outrage our fLliL,^ **' '"*'^« ««"• sea* .•"l^f-jmci^ Wktionf ""*' J!"'**' our territory «'^ oc^asiona^^rench pri^tLT^h r*'""*''^ *» "-bdue ««'^ of tl„t oration £SeTr f """" "^^ °"'y ves, ..At leagth our port, L^ i-^* ^"""'^"^ «»«*• »'«.f#Qir cargoes ^eiCenSj'".''""'.' ^^" .vessels a, often fired ob '''*°*'J' t»'l»dered and theij- . f J*? United States frieat.' ri..* ^S>janga;di.tant voyagetvas ,ir.f '?*'''=*»'''yP"'«^ S^l stiia seven forciblV driri.^ '''=^'««W lulled and.woundJ tejjthattHey^.ei'Sr^-:^;th.^. «*hisfdarjn^^ddjrect attack nnnn^K "» :»«A t'.e-lA.ited states, eWi„teb"^w7t'^^ IM-orf*,^,^ hscowipg indication kT? '»f*«* America somej^easure^theZ;;^ V'^"*'* wai^soothed in Ws and Water,of thISS sir ^'^^^' ^"^^ *« .*^«fianc.ofthisprodama^„„,^,3^.^^^^. ^fi^SMdtt^"?f"^'''iV'^*« han^S at' five wereformally restored if h'2' ""•'' *e rtmalhing 1«1», after having been held h^h„n^°"''°.*« »Pringp tKa n.u:.i. ? .r, "eia in bondaa-e «>«. .,«-!.. ?.^ lit »>fleutrali- '•ri No a- at WTRODUCTION. >opof ■ ''5 ed at ^«*ii^ •■**•*« 1» tl^'^"' Capt. Love; eritei-ed the waters of the Che,- ap^ake bay,proc„red water and refre,h„.e„t« : and in re Barbara-," ^ , '" ^*''!*'' *° » " P«% tj'rant of er station! 'n**';' '»^«"»''ly promoted to hi^h- trade wlLrriealnVl ' °' 'T »^" '"J"«*'^«' 'brisk Ami \? " between those two rival cowers * man coa^t frSe 117^ • *^^ -"'=''' ^*'='' """^ «*^- stateof„>rsM,Se ^if *°,*' "^*"- ?»«'' ?» « to the Berlin d^eree • And "I'T' "^P""-* ••«♦« of war 5 a^d even places, which h6r iiilfted forci S be incapable of blorV»*ii»,^ i """«" lorces i»»a<| wholP imr.L '''^^^^^'"g 5 such as entire coasts, iHi»l* ' municatioM of differen? ',• ° '"**'™P* *^* '*^- comn.ercea«lf'J S f r:,'' T '" •'^*«°'» *i those nations." ^ England, upon the ruifl J that «:aR^yit.;S:f^' ""^%f -" *''^''-fl any other co.«*., ./.!... !?:' ^^*'i*i" """l •»*"• »»««« * of '^ JNTRODI^CTIOK r" same were actually blorV» . .! . ""^'gation, as if ^^^<^ have betKf rrB^^f «-^-SrC » ^>een officially j„fj;i\^"*'''h «ove«,„ent,. for ^l-onaon, that expla^: ^ *^' '^™''""''' «^ni»ter Pvertacthaa been *"., """"^ "^contradicted l,„ .» fOl* t« trad, ^khSce^?"** '^»**«»K»e'.tr.I ves- S^. ^^ ««'^tofthi,p™vi^l^*'"*Wwa; a transit American flag tributarj^LZBrir/'' *" «""«' ^o *?:»»^.*mepip,,,flj«^^^^^^^ I«^»t,c,^.bitant, ot that dL ''^'*''*'J^ '"■rnt by the ^»e f renpl, Mij^n deer!! of'^ " T -^1 ' f* British „,de..„ftheT^t/fSr* '"^ ««^' <«W^ j;^So,ern«ent ^^icipaiS":!'""*''- TheAmer- ^ resolyed on wit^d,^4' 7^*t^^^^^^ "f Pol. ^ect of the order^.tfeeieesi^dSfr'*'^ ■*■''='» and helhgerenfs. *^ ■ *'P«»f ^Wof *he two fA«^cpfdingly in December ififv- « ' E '"•"»" Americl^S^nf*^"*^^'"- fhtMtly after the pagga^e ;/^' ""* mweWBdi^e.^ j>«*»-.%be«i^,^:-;--P2r^ho^^^^^^^^ INTRODUCTION. es in their measures effectinirn«i.*« i render th.toftheunu:?Lrer,:frtr"",'"'"'«*'* tlie President, he mm .„,«,? , ? ' *''« J^'Jg'ncnt of go in whole or in p,^;"*'"*"'*'' ♦" '"«P«»'» "'« Emb«r- Ju March 1809, the Dr*.««n-« „r.L wafaring part ofcoL.unftv ..'"'•''■''' "P°»"*« the subHtifitinK in ifsX. ^' ''•""^'^ "' '•"»"^»' «"<» and "o."mpori,t"o„ B,!r'"'-'f' ""'■ """"'te^courM, ciliation might rImai'nuS '"7"*' "'"* ""' ^oorof «>n, the President of t ^e S^t I '* T ''*'""■'='' = " ^'"i » ca.e either France ooltS ' '"' """'""^"'•^ • .<-.■ modify her edicts, as ttat th!t T'"'.f """' *° '''°''''' the neutral commerce of 1 r^. ""'* '"^'"'"te the same by proc wL. . ""*'' ^"'*^'' «» decl«e IJnited StaiSrbe ren. ';7'''='' "^^ ^™''« of*^' TWsappeal to t •XXrir*"''"" ''"'"S^^^^ •ffcctual, as though it Zn *''',''«"'ge'-ents was as in. TWs deterJth 'i ,rt*^ more firm stand Th.. F u 8"^«'"'""ent to tal^e a «ere excluded fij tie hf '"I ^''*"'' "'"^^ "f^var ^itl. an offer, thatTi"f^'°^*'^ ^^»^'*'' States, the 5d of Ma ch 181 t T P°''*" «h<'«W.before as that they should cease ^"-1': "', '^'^''^ '"'^ •="«'*«' United States, and if Xothrrt r "" T'"'"''^" «"■*« three months kerZer ,1 T'"" '''"•'''' »"' «itWn "' «ke ma„ner,Xl"; onHft: " ""f "^ '^^^''''^^^ nonimportation law should ^t t "'"""*«':«=»•'"« «nd monthsben^dvedan-ainstth. * "P'™«on of three ingto revoke or l^SJ^TeSiS > " """'"« "^ "^e""*' Thus, France and England were nl, j ♦ •ng of equality, as itres^ted our 1> ^'^ "?"" " ^•"•*- and the exclusion of the l rLTl'^'T'!!'' °P<="ti"n^ altoough EngUnd was th.T^-T*"""'" *""■?<»**. ^ o ifna was the ongmal aggressor, and al- •;# 2i2 .1 ■It. INTRpDUCTION. «*'''i«"-d.,: ; " ,;J';r"''«09. an event occurred r' r- ^«d To leaA a si?;''""'"'* *'"' ^""ed State,, *• Ame„,.„ a„j B;r» '?«««'. --cconciliation between , British „,i„«ter,r.dt"Cr **"•• =-'"»e. th" *'fc<^1Vas authorised to Icll^Z^IT.^T^ '"^'"""' *»' V« orders in council of Jin *''** '"^ Britannic majes- *"' have been witldral"'"^ ""'' ^"'«'">'«^ J80?, • «^e ,0th of J„„7;"o;A*^ '•'"P"'^ ««> United States; . *uffieie„t evidence of he sTn '*' ^f'"^ *'»■«*«■• »^='» dW not fiesitate to announce bv^^^ f ''''' S^^^rnment, te'the loth of June no,t fh/r;""""'"''" " ""'t af- G; Bntain, as s.spenSed bv t '" ""•'• '"''" *iel.t be renewed." ThTs a/r,l """""««°'>"e law, V the British governmen "''t «u T"' "'"' •'^'avowed I of «* mmisterf recal ed h, '^. ^'•''"^ *« ""thoHty •or. The disa^o a? was I' '"' ''T'"''" '^ «"«<=«^ perfidy by many i„ the^lej I'T" '*'""=" "» "'* »f « «*«W, a « fede,S" ^e ?i„ * '" '" ""« ''-'ta.ce, .^Vroked « the arm of almi^h.^ '''"^*"«' ^'''^^ I *ing of heaven, ami th '?^/^. ''*"S^»"<=^' th" H • ■ I "nerican Fcopie''to ™n . .,"' """Sies 6f «,, ^,^. I land." ' '^'*''P'""^''«'«P«'Wious nation of EAg- I Mr. Jacks..-, the successor of Afr p i.- I *d to justify ., . ,v ;cc*.-on Jf i ^'■''""'' ^"^'"I't- I bj referring to m 4 ■ >Hc!n ' ^ "'*""°" «*'" »««», I viican rejectmn of tlie treaty ^ I ■# *f times «8 great ^ad never im. the savages to its. ^r^t occurred '^ited States, tion between Erskine, the iffirmcd that n»ic majes- ftt^er, 1807, lited States, ng that the inister was ►vernment, " that af- ^* S. with '"rse law, lisavowed authority a succes- an act of iiistiiiice, id which fie i%ht- tf ^ ' ,\- of Eiig- ttemptr f 1809, INTRODf-CTIONili* '^ ^a 1806; but the two cases were not i„ p„int. ,„ ^^^ first mBtance the American ,u.„ciators had explicit^ appmed the British govern, .e„t of their defect of 3 t.ons contained .n the note of the .Wti.h co.un.isi, ere, annexed to the treaty of 180C I„ *u ' " " •he British minister professed to h ! n *""' »nd the execution of tl e Snl \ '^ -"1-0^...^ r. dy commenced. Mr Ja k2 "•'^T""';'* •""! -i^ Pl^'e ais court, ma^^t I^: t,.^:' ^e:""'' J%'nantly repelled 5 and produced "Li ^t^ "" On the 5th August 18in #k« i? , ""*»»is8al. , .,, relafipns anno ,2 t„ Gel !''"''' """"''''' "'''"'"''' minister at Pa i, that i™ ^""**'"''S' *« America, 1st of Mav. l^^o'tZtrT'r^''- "'■ the act of th. -V 1st of May, 1809 hv " kTT "" "' ^« *^' "'^ '•"' e w t/C!^tty^ij:::r- t*>;e f. « powers, which should refuse t„ ,1 , , ''*"'S'''-ent «f neutrals, he wa. authorised tol?'''^' *'"^ "S""*' c.-ees of Beriin and MiuT "''"■'^' *"* 'he de- the ist of N vembef sio't? ""''*.''' ""'' ^'""^ «"- effect : it being „„d,too^ ^'f ;^'""'' '^-^ to have thatdeclaration thepTo. 1 , f. "" '='""«1»ence of i.. council, and renounft ''''"^"'''="'«'-'^«" ade, which they had ""h .'/''' P"""P'''^»'' ""«k- U. S.conformabVtorLf ; "*"""'••• »■• ^'^t «'* •■-e^r Hgh. to h\ ^e^n; :e7n74^^^ "^ As in the cafip of* fK« ^ ^"^"^n. ■^f ft S4 WlHoDirCTlON, ^ ^« ^. had either v>i^ -1 '^'^'^^^'lai effects u a "Pon France tJie iZVu "«''*' "' *« Poiver V^'i ' "a% Lord rw. ' ''^'- <'«'nes«c ;„,.;/!•' "'""P"'* ^^'n an,| Milan m,>,t 1 v **^ "*'''•«* the deer../; „ 7'lv, in relation to 1" t ! '"''l'^''''^'' ^'n?!/ andl ' ""'r to assert her own '"'='"»''*''* "n the IT s ? jutor of the Bnf I "»''*'' but to bcco,„„ .v ""' "'■ Mr. 'E *^;™ -"P'/ refuted IIV^m"- "-"^ ' I .# JNTRODUCTIGllC In the mtsn whilp iU^ a - ' for the last time the ilT''"'"' S«^<"-»'»«t opene^l of congress of miT '^=<»»™»''ation. /„ ^c* ther shall cease to Zujl ^'^^ •""" "««*« a, that '-X proclamation, a.d that thJ res"' '"'"' '"" «"=* ""posed, should from the dZl 7*""^"' Previously cease and be discontinued » '"''" P™<='amation, ■Nevertheless, Great R.;'* • cou„cil-4er impressment?'!''!'""^'' ''" "^'"^ i» '■er mitigations of the sa^T "^^"'^ ^^^ Spain- '^estern frontiers. Atllf ""• 'f ,"« "^"^ ** ^^ »• ■captured nearly 1000 LroV "r '^' '™'"" h*** and impressed into her „, . '"*"■'''*"* ^■*«««'*- ^ thousand skme„,*:ht''Srb">^'"''" """ '" ' '^ho were denied all opportu^/ ! ^""eri^n, and To these energetic p^C"'^ *° '''"'y *eir cluimn. P^rtpf theA^ericanLlt r *" ?''**^'''e on the ;"res of the accredited fil^^:,"'""'' '"'^«''' *« 'li^clo- ^""n. ample eniltX^J^''l\'f'^»''-^,'^r- had, >n a period of peace a„L *'* g^^^'nment *o alienate and detachX " "f«'«=«*'«"' endeavored ^ta^- from t,.ei.'grvlmen';r * »'• *"« ^e,v E„g jj «PPeal to the sword It >' .*''*''■ "S''«« hZ "•""ced a solemn i deSf ?' . ^-»--- pro agamst Great Britain an A !■ declaration of war 'WraUe I8th of i, Jeit ^'''"'''""''•^' - the '^^^ q * See appendix, D, Q3 iA\ ■-'.? m: » . -^r-. . .1. J .■■ ./ .(: jif\ HISTORY, &c. »OOo< ti ^^"'^ofGen.llv^^toDetrcit. it. determination to ^1?? " y°'**"* ^***«' « Eriennd St. Cl Jr. ""^ "parating the l,kc. deiUy^OS'o^rtrSr^f r r* '•^ *''• ^-^ were tobe f,„„ab7tJ"i*f ^^ ^te of Ohio, who then on their war frl ^ ^'"'"* "^ ^- »• troops , •the caU, Go^. mL wTthlr'^T' ^" •''•*«ce to *;^«. .to the u^^T^iz^'ztT/r^' same month! """"^^T ?* 0»rton, on the 29th of the On this oceasion,we know not whicH m«.» *» j • flie unwearied exertion, of Ae Irernor «,. "''""•• "c zeal of an clawe. of the Zfr r ' I ** P**^"** requisition wa, more ^^02^ "*" ^*l ^''^* ^' the first distinctiin we^am2 1 J*' C^"*!* of pew c^nt^, -•-t^^:;:^<^:rir^'^'^'*^ Ml 28 - a. » WISTORY OP •^-u-try'^ aluZcoZn^ '"empting to evade hi. t'ong, long may,^<«^/ *;." ';'«^'«'> «»i» jou inhabit ! Hanng elected thiir officW™ ^^i jL . 'lomesticarrano-ement^Tr^ J'^''^''^*'^«<=««rr c.m«,their™..kt-..t^^^ „ b^Ve any preparation iiaa bLn ^J *ey«rrH^ rpceptwn. . NeUI,er tents noTfhl »«de for their *» '•,ate,.many .i.ad I^S^ST^*^'''''^ «>mfo.t. 'l1ieyre,4re^*^:^-^^<*.«»%«o,dje,?s «hed,, exposed;^. th,.i,a=le,„eS 0^1^ "*'^** "• th.a WAS not sufficient to cooj' & ° ; ^ ' '^^ ■^"* ''"Patient t..pop,.e;.ce^thei.^:j^i^^ he third, Lewis Cass, S^■ R„S''r"Si"''«J*^ W Jeremuh n. Munsbn, mljort '" ^"^ Mor,Uxi .and teens; aM= iftera •ftaSS,bU„^4t^!f''>i'' fello^Ciit. and_thB necessity of ah an„«tiff'^ '"*'** wf 'fte«tuse's. tee#,,fr,m ever/ Sof K:*" «■•»». SaM~«vZtf.' be oneof tl,em. ShoVdtll'd^ "^^'"R:^^ .^H WsellF |'v.s.on, think proper to Kfe'^i'l^thfesii'^^^ '"'Wdl accept of it, otherwisT I ^i^"* *«"e«An»4l.d, W firelock »n,i .„'.":k Z^*]?*' * '"11 cheerfHlliv «h„.,J,T J - ■ "-■ " ""^ 'Miu^;ii ill tiie ranks ^' "^ —- v.^ws^ toy »*' to evade hig lid be first to our patriot- on inhabit ! b ^ou have ' taecessary idearments canq), and tbe^,aim*. for ■ '• . ■ 't r.. Si^ncah ►rs; . Of on and fur^isTi saiises, V^olun;- ci^pted npelt <^cond THE LATE VTAJL k9 blS^ teS' "TT *"' "^^P* -reproved V ith evolutions B. i!. J- T .* * "*"'* "''«'"' ™'««»'J Lei^Tnoo^f^fL^ **'^*'''"' William Hull, who hi been appointed by governnjent to conduct the exoedi on, hanng „n.,i,t^, on,amp»e„t wa, chiSged C «^ commo„,^at Dayton, ta. prairie on^the west bankTf Mad Biver^ three miles distant. ' trol?":!^''^ »«^vi„gassembled and organised the koops,,nobe the orders of tl,e secreUryrf war, had now only to surrender the command Xm was forJ^^/Tn nSe^uts^^Tt '"'*'"'^'= aadressed +!,» ♦ '"««<=»'«">»"» and the governor ad- «'rTr. ""^ ""^»»/»'«/«f amy 0/ Oa;,, of the ste^t'-f '"'^ ""' ^"P""^ ^'•»'» --«>•» part* ^ree J«,rf^ ^T *'!, '"'"•'■*^*"''» '^ "''^ worthy bf a r^^ I' ""^""^ ^«1 forever continue. Al r^y you have made considerable advances in disc - Pjne : you wili improve ; it will soon become easy fa n..h;u- and agreeable. 8«bor4inatio„ is fte Zi !f Jscphne 3 order, safety .«, victory a e iL etlt! ««norco«ist8 in a«hono«ble dischar^of duL ^w' T^Ss""'^"'- «-PecteachoSerac::^gt «h drw,.; »«♦„, regard yao, officers as fethl^^V.,! ^TIT±,. •*'^.*««w"U!wayst^i: __ ._^,,, „, ^,, -Q^^ ^_^^^^^ attend y© 't^-. ..^.' g'^at exertion,, and the Xf ^t ** *^* f-m for actual senfcfe, so resrtfeSfc-^'v *^*'^^"**'^j*<^'=t, «•»• Long maV he Ifrt ih/iZ^i.^: r^**** ^S*^- vatcd Ste«oB.- ■ ' ' '"^ '*"^*;»riifeTdoj-a'hrs *t. *• "^Tie Crisis ^ae Wirf - ■•»* , ''*'^'*^ ''^^ ■^■ftf«^ivii/»«^ - ■ --. The spirit vfhiS. i' C ^*^^ f ^, "f -T-^'T^ti^ "Ssion, is higfiiy hono,'abI« tnlv "'^''^8*««1 ?»this oc- ftir'in-heritance S : .®^^'' '*'^.a^«'*<»««ed t&«,^ ^'jroned with a balwiM. SlT ' t f ^'**^*'^ ««- • '' ••"'"^"'''««<--J 7o«T?oftj»taiily to 6f.^"' ' • si If y6« Should beckllBdto fai^lS^^fll w" v.iU manifest i^^^ipcerit^^i^ y,i^^J^^' :r»« nas been excited In ,mV • !7 *"^* barbarity tueM«.d of A;fti£^S'4:!'^?f -''•'-^^^^^^^ remembrance of pT2l!l.*™*'*^'»'W«*'«*^telte i'-ii«riotftt..;i£sr'rr^^^^ •.-.A^onS-them, vou will l,»/:!.u.J;^ hrtb«o<«to^aia^,/i„rt ;^ . ^ ^^ HisTenv OF At the close r^;*GC3 ''\'r*''^J"'^^^^ covered and gave sii cW "''''■*'''' *•"« ^^op' «n- mander.. '^ ">»8'strate and their new com- ,MttI,e d;%Sr'l^^^];:»^^^^^^^ the ^th. Po^d that the river MiS^^Z^T''' ''^^ «"P- considerablepart qf the Ija« St' ■'"' "^l" ■boats to fort Loram e, but onierj„",1 • """^^"'^ '" % offending the bag^a^ by water the r """"'^'^^M- ders to the troops to^c^Zi^l'^^^«''^^ *^- rived on the rth ^'''*"'' "^^^f* thejr ar- 0« the 8th a council wap held by General H„1I . Gove^or M^, ^,, ,„,„,, Indfci^^f.^i ^^ andJe^oLS'^^Bll^r' "i-^-^^^-^^^^^^ bleac'.4,he exhif i J:?ott:Si"±f '^'I!'***'"' Jng as a youth of 18. Hia *1,^^2^ * '^*''**"'^bloom. graceful/, , ""* «M»ence wpergpicuoiis and tXhjnameaof'tliesechieftWeri.T.J.- Oi.- i „ tu«h, Monaham, Dew-* ««,^v r ,»?"»"»*"' Scu- ^tr»e I Catawcj«',a7cut?a^^:^L!'S?if ?^*«,Wyandot ll^tnbei Ma-tha-me, o,f the Min^triLe! wt^f Bgl^fs were attached to GpnoS»i w • ''*,^*^** o* ^^ in ih^ K-ii! .r A®. HS?®^^1 Harrison's «pmv. ^co;^no;T^;^:bS:^^jsi?^ \ THfe tiATE War. ^ made to recede th!.\^^^ / "^^'aWgetets- 1,^^ from town, for II.p „.. ' r • ' P'*"'!!' *<>»■"* * Wte ^reat Spirit, w not onlv nn ^ii. .^. . ., ^ our acart«.. He nUn^:^ . "I "" "*** acQondj imt to do re together, as broj si HISTORY OF of Ohio wil! feel a Pride in 1.- « this, army than, wh ch 1 , '"' "° "*'""• contention «ndbr^v.r/ VHa^^e TVr'^ """'>'-• whatever deacription it mJ •. ^^''S''"'"' orta «?e fi-t regim^t in t * ^iT'^H **". •." "•"^^' "* /''IJmg.to none in smrit™^; ^^ P*«ot, of Ohio, On the nth of i„ ^ ,'*'■"' ""•"•lor," "nspa«ed Manner^. Bfccltu ' ^ -°*'* '^''''■- "*"- • BmalMndian viUak ««?*."! •'"'/°''"»»"''' «o*"r '•^o„ of excellent levelLnt '""'^ *» *^*-«-« Mavmg gained the river tL' two block houses, on the loufh^rT*""*'* """•"''''S f ty ^ feet, con'necid bTa sti/fl"''"'''' ^-"^h .port wa, called Fort MUrtW "^ •*^'""'^' ^'"^ ■«>e re;jr„n?7e r^":: ''*?' ^•''- "-" »"i-- with »ent was detached fortu^ C«'- Fipley'g reri- ^0flranchard^tJo7rr„K"' '•'*«"«*''« -<« «on" ;^a "S cSrr' '"''^*^''' -"- «>« -ep: Fort M'Arthur, for the JL e"^"^^' "^ ^'^ '«« It •i.=k, anddefendingle forMn''"'^''?'''™**"*'"^*^'' ThefolloWg^al'^tlLZV'^^^^^ a^Ht^ol. il-Arthnr's on thet ft '' Co Tf"* ^■■^ of the 4th. anH Y^«i n 5 ^01. Finlev ^* *>,. J. .' ""' ^*'- CasB on the ririit of rJ #(^ ryontherightofthe«1.„ie:i; J- THE LATE WAR. 35 marchihe, the riflemen of the respective regiments form- eJ the flank guards and on the days thcarmj marched, they were excluded from other duty. Frbm fort M'Arthur to the rapids of Miami* is 150 mJes J the route of the army was through a thick and almost trackless forct 5 through a county where nu- merous creeks aiHl rivers have their origin. The soil of fte land was rich and moist. As there were a great mny baggage waggons attached to the army, it became ^ecessary to open a road the whole distance. The weafterwas rainy, and man and horse had to travel m.dleg deep .n mud 5 frequently the van had to halt for the rear, which was « often detained in its march in relieving waggons and horses from the mire. Twelve miles from the Scioto, the army encamped on a swam! pjr piece of ^ound, where the mud was' ancrdeep^ pnately named « Fort Necessity.'" At this place, the Ueneral received dispatches from Mr. Atwatei- tl.e2 Wg governor vf the Michigan tenitory.f . " €/al a very unfarorable account of tK- ^lT^:w.lt^3Km rrMTAr% He was present at"sever2[^;;u:^"^^^ PJ Mr. Atwater, with th« Chiefs of tlie Wyan- ^. hi^t^vg* .. »ome eminence o„•tLSfe'»^'*^'»*«4^-»a. han? tp.peneral Hulk Jhich »m. ? ' * ^^^ifj. of war ';!W regiment .were detached t„ ° *^'»^- Pol. country winch would kW A. • ^"^ '^'^arinvinf/i 7h2 Canada, ahcl observed t>m \h^T ^^^'^^^^dantwfth masters, and wmrMn/^i*"®v'^<^»J^ns wer^ f?"-^ -'^^^^ lfe.iaan.» ^ ' '^^^ ■ '*»^»«t P«hor. wfeiVK > ■ - - ■ • . w ■ •' ■■'■' ' X i '"'TV^^' # THK LATE WAR. g^ pervious ai™o.tf«the chirn/r. r ft" "^'""' ''"- c'd b^ . solitary t...e „f tl 'eLdVrr""' ""'"''''• full view of the hro.rf \r • ""''""t'o", to i' NeverwMthetirif 7' »"<• ''« %««„ banks, their re,rstoXZ erfo:;,™r 7"^'^^"' - ful beasts of prer and un~T 7 ' *'"'*' of fright- - pnesent^ t^ "^ir^ ^^r^,^^^^^ «- gtt^ and magnificent bevond . . *' a- scene at ohcp <>r- rolleaibeauti^'^rvr ' ontT"! ''"•'''^ *'•"■• t-upUtionoftheSI:*!;;*:^ '»"»*-•«*«. the con. to the almost exhausted sSl 77,^ ''''' """'^y them for the fatigues of a loncLd H "*"' '""^ '■*?''"' fay was spent in fishin- ,J.^Z '^J7 """•<=••• The lawtion of military life *' J'*'':"? «"<» in the usual re- ^*» engaged to carry a o«an!; r r ■!** ' """" ^^^ooner the aimy, to Detroit. About ^n ^^^ Monsit,gto «;erep«t on board, to whose protecf'T "'"' ^"''"''''' Complete muster rolls of evLr.n "'* '"*""'**''• were made-out, deposited in t7e trTr"^ 'J' "'*' •"•'«"''••' the schooner, ft is even sai I V7?l ' '""' P"' °" ''"ard :^«"tai,i„g his instructionsTi'f '■^ ^r"^"'*-* 'runft,,' «n« war against G. Britain.^ ^^^ "' ""^ "^^^ ''«'">- «el. Fatal error ! The B n^ill '° ''"* ""^ '"'«'-<= intelligence declaration of waTaga ^ U«a" 7v "" "'■*« »».pe time urged .the neclss^rrJ ^ " ' ^^'^ «* «'« and distributed a»w«rA« 1^ t "'* '""'"^'^^atioh, of cartridge,.- 7* ^^ '*"^P* *''« "^q^^'^ite sunpi; *>n report, which the GeSud h ''tX^'''^ ore than 1^ yards wide an.I r f i.? * "'"^''' "«* nighf, half ./the Sp^™ , 'In "'" ?7 ' '"™« *"« l^nval „.ea«ures remind „„« ofT .^'''** P'"" Great Frederick -,«' «„" V ^ "'*'"""' *><" the |e march frrtlla^rtol^^^nr^VY, '"«''^' »^ 11 s«rf THE LATE W'a£ ^-9 ir in the evening.'^ The nc!^,Il 7 "' ^'^'^ '***'™"' general order: ' '" '''""' *'"^ ''«»»»i"S5 been removed by their ly^v^^v.A . • ^ *^ *'**^'^ had not existed -l-l..^ l "^ """' ''s'n'ctions ti.esi„ceHt;tn\eir ;%X^ ^>- ''"'^^ --'-t voluuteer. „f aU .hetnrt;?* f ^^ jf ^'^ fuislung tiic differeut descriirtions. ' ''''?■ " The garrisons of Detroit Mi-i.;!- . . cagoandF«rt AVayne hlin , "' ''"'"''^'f'ac, Chi- 0.- Ae United StatJ I^: ^f, jt," '^^^ "'"-'-'' genera. Hu„, the clt 'i: . X::"!/ ', ''"^-^-" nson, are informed, that .ongre.s Z l '""i '""^ ag-amst Great Britain. a„,| "t *«' '^^/"fcluied „.ar place their garrisons iu the best r^ V. """'^'"^^^b' fence, and make a rerun to ir T "" ''""* "^ ''<=- Detroit, of the quant I of , , *•' ' ""'•''"' '''^•'■^"i'' '^^ «- on hand at tl.eir i^,,, , :::':;"^ '" ^-^-^t- officers and men, orJnance ,n ' ' '" '"•■"h« of •-1, and ,h. ubi!r;;r ; ^!^^l'-r'■^^•''•^^• 8|)'iugs of water n«ar this .. ; '''''''• '^'''"=t *iil be s,.nk under the d"- - '^ '•"'■"'"'-■' '""^ ^«"*<^' 'recti .n of ti,e .juy,.. Cr i.iaster 40 HISTORY OF General. The umorers under Cart Tl -lei, for the present, to ^TriSt^S;^' ""-^^ ^h.'u".SrE;:i>t^^^^^^ ««« *» Detroit, we. ,« ,^:^"v ; JKiti "MitJ.ttt I V i ■\ i V TTOi;^lEWAK. 41 J .1. . . .rTi;'AAifn;;j ii>, ^ riem^fthe Michigan. TerrUc^ ^^X^r^ Ohio ah^ tfie IncUana 'remtorv f^nm x.;ki A ;* ;^^^^ ratea by a.line (Ii-awn Jiu^e ea9t:fmm fC '«,d{?!,;L.!? ctroitrhyr. . •■ ' /»^ -:^.ji '1 - -1.1 Mt; , , . .', f fl„,,,,,f W«,k; ^f •i» Tins JliifeOtas iwwr befen. ru«i HfeflieiiJ.fA-At'Wi. MlchWii afae kna a half '^.i^irofteif-f Mf «J.«M 'carry Ihe K„e entirelj so»th-««)L J^* tiaa been as.sumi.il »c *i,„ i:..„ "^ ■'««»"•« Jlw-lj^*' ti^s lie^n assum^<| ^s the liue> . . fi ^>i;i! €'(M *» '-. A% *0 I'l.i'.cl*- • a/: 42 HISTORY OP The gieatest length nf *j a . *» north we.t « 50oLle? 'f *""*'"-^ ^'»'» ^o"^' east W' es, botJ. of land and ^L U ,?""**" *^ «l««r« 1 wcludest^-openinr J f ' **'"»*te Sl Claii. fcOni&ins riearly the »k!r "*" *"«» Michigan, and r"%/i>?e, . - ■ ''^^^' <*'««h 1000 are of th^ S^VCreek, Huron -fntoC V "'■ "*'='"''•' tables, E«.r<;e^:ahd Bo„^;iS^^t'^l"''''• "'» *h* A«x '•«'.« thl river Huron. ' *- *' **"^* ?». Clair. The channel between lake., ve.t angle of the penlnSa Z.Ctt^ !f^ *> -.,.~me«r 0! iirge streams. *•' ■'■■" ""=*»« .u7; THE LATE WAR. ^3 A great number of rivei.. imi -■ f""-'^' . their source, in the ii.S„f th. " *'' /''''''' ■"'" lake Michigan. The prinl«f *f t^""'"'^ ''«"*"*» StNichoIal GrardlKTihLlVcr-'*^^^^ bay of Sagiana) Rai«„ R.ii! t/ * " »«»'-^'>e (orVck U .!d7; S^l ^^ .^ J. most condderaMe of the whole, andlfch E„'\ / F.e„chC:%o,r j,t - « '^r;,:: d"°f' ^^^^ nine or ten miles from the St Jh. J f**"'* "' sources of the TherW „av ' M f ""^ '^"""^ *" which falls into the ienois?^r^ '"l- '="'»**' *•"• The length and narrowness of the line of «•♦« "^ f' Nothing co„.d\r^-"^ tt - "tfe^relir -ps, the laid on\e Jar^n W^SJE-''"')*' ■ght and .andy,. a feW miles from' thelakei^tr " to be rich. M Bet^k. and .1 " «! • * '"'°*" the distance of a n,.,^j.J^^^7 ^""^ *« wstei;, t, -«»« .ntU the ^^^l^^o^^iSSiKS ■* -i U 44 ftlSTORY OF continues so for four «► « ■, degrees and acquires suff ! T^''' "''"^" '* "^"^ ^y purposes of cuuS n ' '^'^'^T ^"' *>"= ^""•"•^ Miami to Detroit andL If ''"'"' '^^•'"" ""^ ""P^^ "f passes for the p" J^t*"" ^'^f* *" ** "*'='• ""'•«"' tl.. interior concur i„ rtel r;^ it X"'' 'T Fell adapted to inJi^nd „a.;igatio„.^ *"' """'''^ «een: a cl.ampaign count^-t Z "' "'(hiUstobe ffordia. iue/hauVi ,e g il'in*^ ^J,»'- P-* P-'k. .f."st. 4e!ightful natural .n^ead "vt "ud the? "' '*'^ Jfpujd be almost equal tg our hav . ^l ^*'' *^'"^'^ forests of valuaKl.. *;.A """^^'W 5 tliere are a so vast , ."•^'"^Wetober, and the soil evccef!;n„i^ • k The rivers have their sources f,«m „^' '"^^H'PSl;f rich. -times nom delightful inland Ik I ulP'^'^ ''^■"^ /?f ?^/-9 -PpP^e strean! su^iied bv'r : prJ^e, one running into the waters of I r""* ''"^""' |he .«.,r into th^irthern uS 'S^f^^'' JloIlanof ihe riy4,'tl,af^„tv.'*K Q ' '^'' f^"^ P"^' ^''''''''it a • -.-. uli^M f^.fh^'^S.m? Kv;and lake Michj- •"i»-^tMKe««rsi,„fZ^^w-;t„'^;.^^^^^^^ THR LA-ra WAR. 45 renders itof very Uttle important i^tha^'ri miUtarj. point of view. At the entrance iLteML In addition to the two peninsuliU ilrted* mentj««*l .• In 1 res, the Saakie and r»..v , prised the British garrilon and m^f'^'y. '"''•'»•'* *»" * soul. The 8uccesranr"^^«it?.ffT*''/'''^'y «»«'y ders It interesting to militl^v rlfa *■>« *tf»tagem ren- •"r/S^'ne tfce/cauTS^ti^i *••* T^ese^'lndiaiis a bat and ball, •'n.e bat ?s abnn? f r' ?'?J'«'' *i* curved and terminatint in a ki,!/ "/ '^*^ "• '«^. Poste are planted in thel4„nd at th^^^T''"*- ■^'» a inde or more. Each nS*v h. *. " distance of half Sd^Kf^f ^A';'^'' »' the be^nnin*^.' Tn „"1.,1' !!*: 46 HiSTORy OF Jiouses foriniii r fu^. „ . t"« acre,,. There are hei^l.U ! tJ '""' "" »'•'•« of tanc* tM overlook the fit V. . ''"""*" "''»♦ 'Hs- the w^ter are several «£«; aS k'" ""^ '""'•* »'"' ho^weg. The houses are „^ti„! ''''°''* 5» O^e'JinR tqUrablyfc„„„,„ji„„;''»^«"'*''e.r appearance,' a„.l » -;a- WhUe in po4i: of th "bk/V''." """' «-as the genei^I rcid^ivoUs of he nn r* ' ** ?'"«« ^nd the IntlUns they suppji/j *„"»';"' "''^t trader. '.ttatof its adversririp? . *i'k^ ._ • "'V ■'•'ke- mttch vidlenee and noL TLiP""/ '? "^'endcd with f dajr to display their skill aTfe *'7 •""•*•?"' ^^d on h«I. wager.' /„ the mt ort£f,u'"''"h «"'' f<"- " when ,a great part of thrsarloKf' ""^ "* "^ <"ne tcene/rpin^iotives of cu,1ostv *!.»."*" ''««'» *» the Nt akf«ll^-uriven whC& "it '^'^.'^rsnedly llns M-as tfib signal for ihl\Zl ^^j^^, °^ f'e fort. «r part rushed Sto the f ,rf \u . ^^''*- The ereat as though inpursu t of h^tfl "5^6""'' =^»"4 "*°««d kiMin^the whk?« ^,- i" *=nS'"h trader conceaWn„^,r\'**'« "''«»t of the Frenchlnhabitanfs hS?«iJ *> '" *«J»ousc of one aperture which aftordedlim 'f yi f Ili-T""' ''^O'*^ ^u fort.^ He describes it as follows^ In *^"- j".'" of tho the foulest and most terrib rjh; f.: ^ !"=■>«", in shapes fcarbanan conquerors, "ife rv/f"""^ triumphs of mangled; theVing tere writhhfA"f'T ?<;"'P«d ""d the Insatiated knife anHllS"',"^ s "nkiiig under todie? of some! Led ,*Tr^' t"^f'»'" t"^ dnnking the blood, sVooDed'^n ;,. X^'i .V'^'^''^'" " «' e THl LATE WAR. ^^ Detroit is ili ": chief inwn nf *i.« x -j. M on the viuhtZklttT-: '"^'' "''''*"'" lake St Clai, ,„ I \1 *'■'"*' "'»« ">''«' below lake !5t. Clan, and eighteen above Browhrtown IT,. to«n contains about tu-A »,...„i it '"^'"'"- ^n« inhabited by upwal of twel-i ^'""*'' ''^''^ *"•« The suburb, extend, „!• *'"'"'""'' '-i^Wtant,. and down as fa a?the T "' '^"■'" '"""^ '^•- C'"''"' -t and Pop^i^tSe ori.":r ert''"lhc'''^''- >»*ter. There arl > ^?*"'* *'"' """'■''" <"" *''<' b.2idings/thoLrthrr *"''«''"* "*«"" ■""• ^^^ wood, 't„ e^^f J t;s;r ''" '•"■ *'"' •"•^' p""^ of extend.ack„p:a:^::;:S:r''^"!^*''!"^«f; T|.e, fo.,ificaLns clS '' ttl'^Ll *''*?f 'i a'-my.arriveddt Detroit)* M> Ktr n *"•/ ^'""'^ >-w.p8.l8 ot ea».th „„^lL^r^{ ^*'^*"'" ^Sn^tnucted- a double rowT 'X r".''*'' ''J'" ^itch, di^erid^tT fc^ * areaof the fort iLL^t^•:r„d'^t^^^^^^^ ^"^ ■ extensive commons in fK« ^ ' ^ "®*'® are aa easy Vrid s^fe'rkLiifr ^^'^ •* "flfi*?, which! rt&rj < ■ ■- *> j? J?<'«' called IJoi t Shelby. >f. been greMi^ 't: ^t'^r^ i J a& ^ ^^^STojyr w it stretches of tlmt part of Vtber Cnnn^ ; • . ««* 'Ae scene of Gen HftZ^t' '"^'"^ ration,. , '''■ ' ""^^"'^ «/f- At ««= mouth of to nJl/if f "."T*- I""»«<««teld at ^al-in»s' _ -V --'icr experienced at the pla^^""^^'""'^ ^"« Tm LATE. WAR. 40 The inbabiUnts are composed ofrcnegado or loyal Americans, Canadian French, and a few Scotch. 'Ae greater part are distinguished hy a decprootod hatred of' the Ainencans. Several agents for the Indian depart" ment reside here. It .s here that the Indians, hoMilc to* the United States, receive their presents, their arn,s and' ammunition, and many of their prejudices ; it is hW' that the scalping knife and tomahav.k is openly „Mdi. z-'« has become so familUrfo the eVe,^ that >t has lost th^ interest of novelty, and is viewe* with as much i„diftr,Acft-is webehojd'^the ordinary A. jects of nature. ' . V"". - The whole Penlnsul* of iapper Canada, is a ch«nbaiini country. The lake C6ast i« settled to point au S .6 miles east o Maiden. This poin^fi d^oiis/rfS We projection into the lake, and is tlie mostsoufl.et'lf Eh a! " '''f ' *"'"""*^ .n the confinlff Nouh America. Between this point and Maldei «<6 nver ^^Cedre. runs into lake Krie. T^^m^ ^-_ „ _^,_,,„,,„ u«a Maguago, are neai 50 mSTORT OF tied to the distance of 20 miles. The strait 1. , • «*ot..thefort.is divided into tro cha„„ri t c7" I^U, about 5 miles long. About midway offP . i*^ on the Canada shore of the river T!*^ «r«'" Island ;;jnvi,.^.5„dlesfromWt^^^ ^ke St. Clair comes m the river ^,u- Co„ri«rnd prisoners taken by the British in the scho^ner^dis- ^tchcd by the general, from the rapids of the Miamf In this demand, he failed. H« returned to camp accom- panied by Capt. Burba'nks, of cHc British army. If it were unwise to send the baggagfe of tlie am^urider the guns of the enemy's fort, exposing it to inevitable cap- ture, it was worse than folly td demank its restitution. On the 7th, five pieces of artillery w^re brbught from Detroit and placed on thci bank M front of the encamp- mejit at Belle Fontaine, in a kkuatlon to annoV the enemy at Sandwich. Orf the same day the general held a council with the principal Chiefs of the Wyandot, Shawannoe, Senieca, Pottowattomie and Ottaway na^ tions. "Thf^y promised to adhere to the United States;^ * It is not accordinc to the rules of millfn^v ^^v *i„ to make a s^jpereor officer the bearer of alagoFtruce! to one oftn/eWorgrade. ® ' THELA^JE VVAR. ^ ■ On the 8th,. the enctiii])meiit at Spring welli.^M abandoned and the army took a: pwtipn u^■,^ -y^ of Detroit. , From this ;tirae to >> 12th, ,,«^er(i|»mi were wade to prepire for the inten^iid inii^b.«>n. ,3*. arms were repaired, and a part ^■Of the ordi^apoe nwimt- edon^carriages. Six hunzted of the ,territo««l injuria rallied Under Gp^. HuU'a Wandard. The.mprtwS ic exertions were made by the colonela, majoS and captains, generally ttf impress upm the. min4, of ih« troops the necessity o»strict obedience to orders ' The attempt of invasion would have been made onl^e evening of the 10th, had not the ttBaWthiwi»M.ari»itV some disorderly men kept the eoe«y-»„ the-.tertik'T n..^! °r*o "* ^"'- ^'Arthur marohea^hteltei. ment to theSpring *eUs, foi- the Hi^iie of n*«fcte»le intentions of the General. A few^boats «fe^nS the detachment; the affected noise WdtaWe e"S moveme„t,had the desired effect. The British .^ml ^ levingthat th.Ai^Wcin, were deseenfih| tj,^!^; for the purpose of tttacking MaMen. dr*w W tfc«r i'l ces towards that post. ^..xi... ^..1*^^^^**- a mile above the town, opposite the lower 4tJ£ GeB.;Hull at AJbanr " '?t*'***\*^''^^«*>=^*^4 o« aritti^ ""r «»«=W«ts of tl^ib kind W* 9e««Tedi^'o«. armies, in tb« ceursie of th«» wi ► tu ^^'^™^*i *iJ; 0¥ r ^n camp, 13 not onlv a u«^i J? ^"^he practice ot firing endahi.V« J!! K.!"!^ *."?^^«88 ^aste of ammunition: K«7 ■^^3a &..1? •E ?' ^/•^'/ifei >^-*i ■> > >^M)#(Ci. ■ iji t «/* y/ ^:^ic? !**;■«<; v%'*::a-«^ '94 HISTORY OT felted a lft«diii|5withotit4|)i»«Jtion, TheTemaindar f^f ***^^**^^^^^- Biwill)*isj^iWK5% apposite Beind^ ;*rircf«(Hdwhig«dd^eS(*^oitfie %dialHtuit9 tcf Caucbi, was festret hj libe ^Omem!, .««d 4li^nfaKtt4 by la» «r. P'^^7l»4^,^.hpeii i^ivwi.^o jwms., 3:jw?. i^\M-ie but manljr r^- neither danger nor difficulty. I*cwie4» 4»d.ei^^ie|j, i^t^^a?«at^#^W. J^tPme ^9 pw^t^Wt jt^A^ittr^ you. S«par*ted by A^ .i|w»j&9^e pcew^.apd m Axteftsiye wilderness from Great Britain, you have no participa- tion in iier Gonsc^d, 1^ interiest in ker iHHulKGt you ;*^alk4 by *he *'re*id* JWe^m^ T The 'G«]|«FaI is smdi t«^v£! bce!n|jatt(nig>the last io embark | as his boat touched the C^n«dianpliaiiily «imigh the stormy period of *he revolution 5 ^at liberty wfdeh Jm« raiscfk us to an elevated rank a^ofig ^ Mi^owi of thewrldjandwhidh offered *o a gi%after mw^aw <»f peace and ser Ity, of werfth^and kifpfoviMWt, tiw ever feH toCv i of any people. Ih ^e name of «iv country, and the authofity of ^ownimkA, I jwomi^ you protection to your i)ersl.cjr of Great Britain be pursued, and the saviges are ' r** '•'•** *«'»«'-''er ourcitizens and butcher evenTvomen ia«dchUdren, THIS WAR WILL be a war .f e)!itehm.. -NATION, The first stroke of th6 tomahawk j. the first attempt.with th.. scalping knife, will be the sigAal of an ■f!!f"!?B'^^'''\'""'' "f 'l«''«la«ou. . No ,,;hite man .found fighting by the side of an Indian wilj be taken prisoner ; instant death will be his lot. , If the dictates .01 reason, duty,justice aud humanity cannot prevent the employment of a fprce which respects no rights, and know^ no wrong, it w^l be prevented by a severe and sreleaUesg system of retaliation. I doubt not your cour- age and firmness; I wUl not doubt your attachment to -.Uberty. If you tenderyour services voluntarily, thev -■will be accepted readily. . The United States offeryou .peace, liberty and security. Your choice liesbetween ■ these and war, slavery and destruction. Choose then, ■but choose wisely j and may he who knows the justice of . wr caaise, and who holds in his hand the fate of nations • guide yo4 to a result the most compatible with your rights and intwests* your peace and happiness." This proclamation was yell calculated to inspire con- fidence and secure, the friendship of the Canadians, such indeed was its influence, that the greater part of the militia in the service of the crown, actually deserted and either retireS- to their homes or joined .tjie American ■army. • -;^i I . .-n,MrJi\:„< , , ..,'> ,:;,;,,„, , . ■ However, when wr army first made its' iippearance on . the Canada shore, the inhabitants were fi ightened and sought refuge in swamps and forestsjfrom an enemy *hom theyAVere taught to believe were m»rs eru»l«Ed fi^aciiowj than savages. Almost enty bou8» wasjiii^ THE LATE War. 5J. doned for «5les sl„„^ the Canadian side «f the straif But „„ perce,v,„g that the troops were not dlS t. r37ot" T""'".'"' P'-"'"^"'^' *»« greater partS turned to the,r homes in full confldenc* of proLVio^ and resumed their accustomed avocation,. P™**'*'""' abifoirtoa'rr'"''"'*"''''^^''''-''---"-. .ir:t[;ii-rfrrtrv^^^^ and &m„ ineioaa to a rich harvest of tlorv anatame, was open and dirppf r^ ■■ , ■ "' S""^/ marked its course. Hit Z^l ^""Pe^shable laurels appeared capable ofarrstTn^h ''''' '"'^^'le ; nothing menthrou/outthe u" n So fl^'^T J"*'""'' siveblow. All we're waitw'^ri.'^'"^'' *""* ^'l'^"- forthe « o.o«,:vs;^;",r;,^^''''t""»S™Patie«ce vaved over the ramr art oJ H . "T" ""^ '*"P*^ Alas ! what a cruel diL -f '^ '^"""^ balden, to suffer i '''•''Appointment «-ere the> doomed vS it^M ;?;,: :Z|-r =» ^-da, cap. He„r, towards Maiden. 1 Tuk.?"\°*-f *"'''"* '' «^''' low Sandwich, they found I, 'T^.'^''"""*'' '""'''' ^'■' -d received -isfa^t;:;":!^^;^^^ "^ were in ambush, at a short distonce i? r *"' prudent to return to camp, J,TZl'.t J, ""' '^'™"' to the general. ' ' '^ "rcumstiince On the 4th a considerable hnrlv ,.f r .■ to have p.,ssed up therh ^ ""' «e.e k.„.^ *€ in the rear ofthe camp. Col . 58 HISTORT OF M'Arthur was immediately ordered to march ia pursuit ofthem^with 100 men from his own regbnent, a rifle ^orpa from Col. Findley's and a small detachment from €Japt. Sloan's company of cavalry. They marched without provisions and without blankets. The detach- ment proceeded to Belld river, about twenty miles from Sandwicli, where the Colonel purchased a beef and some flour and whi^ey for his men. At tlie mouth of the jriver Raisin, they discovered the Indians ascending the Hver in canoes. The Colonel and the cavalry pursued l^em 5 but as soon a^ our men came up with them, tliey took themselves to a thick woods, ai'ter having received the fire of the Colonel and his meh. He t»ok a number of IrqrBes which the Indians had left in their camp. ^ The party then continued their maixh to the mouth of the Thames* and ascended thisr river as far as Dalson's Mills. In descending tlie river, they loaded all the wat«r craft, with provisions, blankets and military stores which were sent down the lake (St. Clair) to head quar- ters. They took a stand of colors and disarmed a num- ber of militia. The property was all receipted by Col. M'Arthur. Thus, this small detachment penetrated 70 miles into the most populous part of Upper Canada. They returned to camp on the evening of the irth July, t * Isaac Hull, brother to the General, resides at the moijith otthis river. A corporal and six soldiers were found stationed at his house as a guard du corps. Col. M' Arthur disarmed them. t One of Col. M'Arthur's men gives the following pic- ture of the country through which they marched, " Probably there is no part of unner Cana'.Ia more be^u^ tiful or more prolitic tlvan that '^bordering on thVriver Franche, and that part of lake St- Clair immedktel^ ^ t t4-'i- JHE LATE WAft. ^ About Ma time ^pather small party were kW to Belle Vome for the purpose of securing^se veral hundred Memo Sheep,* the property of the earl ofSelkjrfc. These sheep were driven to Detroit, where they fell tn^-. to the, hands «f the British at the capitulation of Detroit f Deserters crowded in from Maiden. Several were; kn.9wn to return to the enemy after having my. inspect^ ed thfi camp and ascertained the number of the Ameri- can troops. Onihe iGthCoI. Cass and Lieut Col. IV^ler jnarched with a detachment of 280 men to the bridge over th^ Aux Connards,to reconnoitre the cnemy^s advance post: They found them in possession of the ^ridge. Col* Cass left cne company of riflemen to conceal them-' selv.8 near the bridge, with directions to.co|n.Lce nring on his appearance on tU opposite $ide of the river m onler to divert their attention and throw theni i«tj confusMm. The remainder of the detachment tjHi as. cendedthe stream 5 miles to a ford, qnd fiqm thpm^ii ed and drove from their position. This was A^ time since the revolution timt JlmricamniUtia h^ comff adjacent. The fields of wheat and Indian corn hatt* ernSri/^^^' ^-t^uantitiesofwheaTLS Th^JLl^ff' ^'tf" ^f^\ Harrison peneliated ^^eep1md been re^ki^^ upon the Ear Ps iariT^ and were not moUsted hy the troop. JJt^^^!^L^^r'^^ that tliis tour .oLHOmile. xl^n^^'^T^"^ '" iour tiays, and on four meals of i>ro- ]ii:irf^7^''^* were purchased by Co!, M Wr) Cd 60 HISTORY OF in contact with British regulars. Our men moved to the attack with great spirit. Three times the enemy formed,, and as often retreated. Night compellfed'the Americans to relinquish the pursuit. The enemy had several killed* and wpunded, only two prisoners wei-^ taken. Col. .Cass encamped on the scene of action dur- ing the night, and on the 18th returned to camp.f Col. Miller, on this occasion conducted in a most spirited and able manner. Immediately after this, small detachments under the commapds ofCapt. Snelling,^Col. Fin Hey, Col. M'Ar- thur, and Major benny, were successgively sent to the banks of the Aux Connards ; perhaps, to discover the force and position of the enemy4 ' * A British soldier, who was killed, and afterwards buried by the detachmcint, was taken up by the Indians and scalped ; this trophy was taken to Maiden and prcr sented to the commandant ; who paid the Indians tneir premium, believing that it was actually the scalp of an American drummer. t If> at this time, the enemy had been, in force at MaU den, why did they not make Col. Cass pay dear for his temerity, in thus daring to sleep with a small de^ tachment, J4 miles from the American camp, zind with- in less thaii feve miles of their only depot of men ^nd stores? t At this time the following extraordinary general order appeared, to disgrace the American miiitary char- acter : • ' Head quarters Sandwich, July \%ikx%n, , GEJ^ER^L ORDERS, ^Whereas tfee private property, consisting principally of necessary clothing ot the officers and soldiers of this army, has been seized by theBntish force, and is detain? ed at Maiden, or its dependencies, notwithstandirtg application has been made for a restitution of if;, l^k THE LATE WAR. on the opposite sho^ 1' o * * 7°* ""*"«'* *'•«<'<' Cor^/trU;'; rr ^ - O'-'-ed to the M. orders from the ceneral «., . ^ ^'•'''»«1 >««• go within reach o^?he"°' *? T' *''" '"•'''g« "or to The detachment hav,„f . '^^ •*'""=» Charlotte, tahceoftheenemj a fil "'""'''" ^'"^ "•»* «»- The famous S'cU Sirr?^ "'"• "»«-• instantly crossed the bSgf uTj 1," '" '"''"''"•='■' eed several rods toward, 3 ^ ''"*?*"' '«'^«B- But this darin. cWeftein " ",'"' '""""enced Bring, receivin.. a d^n^e „f "'"" P""^ ^'"- •>'' boldness, b^ length to' the groS* IT':"'^'* "^-S"* ■"■»«"' Ms c«,,,^.ho1^„„^^^^^^^^^ ^e spot h, falling into an ambuth oft fn ""' """"^'^ *'"I'«'l "orsewasshot«„; him*'''/"'r" .""" ^^'"•«*''* wm. In the evening the detach- ^«m the .ene^at'a*dieHve:eM''"''"n^l^«='«' ^^^e^ Generator safe keepini untH f hi f ^""^^^ Master -^^nown on Kb^*',\!''^ "^-l-s «? the govern- „ • He rec„'v"red:^n!'"iir""' ^^'■'^ ^-»"""^'V - - vaasc oi tfie Jiritish ' ""v«iic iiDaiiuaji. 6a . >>■>; 63 HWTQBY W luent nefurnfid to Le Fetite €otid ttttldmiMit l^eeum* seh pursued uiidifcd on the renf guards Thf Colonel suddeniyffaced about jtnd gi^veorddts (or a gerusr^il fire. 4U the Indians fell flat on the greund, exe^pl Teeum- peh, who »tobd &im\ onhi^ftet with ap|>arent unconcern. A want of ammunition prevented' further Qffbnsive cpe- tations. Tlie detachment continued its mitrch towards cam^ without fufl^er mole»tati<>n> A* the Turkey riT^- er bridge Col. Ckss and Major Tirlmble met th6 detach* ment with a ir^sh d0ta>chment j the next day they te-t turned to the bridge^ fired on the enemyyand wei^e fited on in turn. Tho firing was brisk but not efi^ctive. Tecumseh was conspicuous on this oteasioh. Fiinding it impostible to operate successfully against supcnor numbers at^on^lj pdeted? Gol. M'Arthur returned td tati^p. (Jte |li6 Qlst tbe General passed over to Dett-oit where he eontinwd until the 26th. During his absence, the cofljirAandof the af my devolved pn Col. M'Ai-thur^ who OFdert d Capt M'Culloch to examine the countTy in the rear of the dai'vcl road to Maiden, in oi-der to ascertain v/hether a back road couW not ht madte $0 as to avoi4 the fridge acrqes the AuK.CipnnArcls. He explprejj, the country betwe4;:n feij,i^dwiGh and that river> Hn4 report©(i Hnfavo! i^bly, ■ . . Th« Indian^ continuing to show thew selves in the Petite Cote settlemeSit, ^ajoi* Pfefltiy SnarcUe4 on Ihft evening of the 24th with a, ^^i^^'ktBe^i, of U7 mwj, .con.f sisting of thriee 4om|pa^i©fi undo* cn|itaiAs luucas, Pin- neyand,Ro«e. They ireache^i the Fi^pinch settlement a little before daylight. Tliey eecured a inilitia cftptain of the name of Bontee, from Maldin, in the guise of a farmer. He was considered a« a spy. and f/nt to camper After mwohinj; miii co.ifiter marching tiH near mij.lay Wiljhih Ti** of the e«6my's advanced ,,o«S the troan, ' mm, for the pnfpose »f r«tl„g, unflcr a comenicnt rtwit. The meA had toostly falleh asleep, when the MaJoriJet^ctived a bo.fy«f Ihdims atonlr 15 Vardg di-- f«l»«e ; hl9 presfehce ^f tniM saved the party .-he in- stantly exclaimed iOA stehtotiin voice. « «,/.,« /«« A^i %s a^dftfe welt .'" tb^ „^er , wa. pr«,.?t!y oi.eve.l, and seven „f the Bavageefcll oh «„■ .pat, and tiie ^sUlue fled in coiDStei-nation. • V^vt t)iey soon rallied 'ivJth ifeerea?iMK milnhers and were aecn on hftPi^acJi, and oii foot tafcin»acircmtoi<« *' route to tlifow themselves into th« rear of tl* tfelarh'^ merit and c»t (if their retreat t» cbmpi 'ihe .iMsior made a motement in order of boitle, to prerent the in- It!,""' K u u' *"'"'^- ^' *"> 'W™"*!'**! a point of woods which he attempted to gain before the Indiar, he received a hea.y fire. CoLsio, :.,„.d • a ' ol ' pietero«e,,a.thec«n,ofluence. Their onl, .U,"?; *as to Sam the road. IVy were pursued tL,. tld ^whea «,.d com and prickly a^b tlackets for .ea •]. teee m„es. At Turkey river they .er. reii^r y Gen Luca. and a mmker of rifleme,^ who he..ri„^ „f e- engagetaent, I,;k1 c«me to fl.e*r *«si^,n,,e Tl" Amencafts had seven kaied *.d several w«,mded • Such was the natare of the i%*rt« guer^g mmni'^ni^ n;».- «.e A« Oonnards, while o„r Lop. r«J^"S Canada. It h«d«« ,isme ^^ot, .uJt,4 m.l^^. ■ ' Indians were afterwaMs fn"Ef.f !™f "*' -^-T***? «!«T "eKl^by thefam^ who Ii-ved'.;'a."theTce„T,f''l w& 64 HISTORY OF press Oie ardor of our troops and encourage the cii«imy. In tlie mean while, Mirhilimackinac surrendered to the British without resistance. The indefatigable BrocJt, with u reinforcement of 400 regulars arrived at Maiden ; And several Indian tribes, before hesitating in the choice of sides, began to take thtir ground and array theiuBelves under the British standard. The garrison of Michilimackinac capitulated on the irth July. The anglo savage forces amounted to upwards of 1000 men, consL-tzng of British regulars, Canadian militia, Scioux, Winnebago, Felle Auvine, Chippeway and Ottaway Indians. L ut. Hanks, the commander of the fort being apprized of the hostilq intentions of sev- eral ludian chiefs, (who but a few days before, had pro- fessed thefVeatest friendship for the United States,) dis- patched Capt. Daurman of the militia, a confidential person, to St. Joseph's, to watch their motions 5 but the latter met the allied forces within fifteen miles of the island, by whom he was made prisoner, and put on his parole of honor. He was landed upon the island of Michilimackinac with positive directions to gi\e no intelligence to the garrison whatever. He was also in- structed to take the inhabitants of the village indiscrim- inately to a place on the west side of the island, where their persons and property ghould be protected by a British guard 5 but should they go to the fort, they would be subject to a general massacre by the savages i|||ich would be inevitable, if the garrison fired a gun. In the mean time Lieut. Hanks had caused the ammuni- tion to be placed iii the block houses, ordered the guns charged, and made every necessary preparation for de- enemy were discovered in |)osse«8ion of *th€ heights ji*f'« wWek cxMiiwand the f^rt, w itli a piec,*» of i aLiion direct- ed ag^intt t^ie most defcncvlo'^* part of tlie ^v«goi>. The Indians were to be seen at \kh tiin,e ih gro^t mm- h^rf in tjje edgp pf tli^ yoo^s. At l^ftlf past 1 1 o'cjlock tli^cncBijsentiiiAflagof truc^ ad ho^ev^r anticipated the evfnt^aw^ w*| y^ob^^y ^ ,v^l piep^re^ iqv ycpi^fpce ^8 h^ Qtherwife y^o^^ h^ye be^^a ^ith ^9 ,?^la,^l ^ c^om- ma^a, ^rnpimtipg Polj <;• ^fr- ^eyei^ ^ffectiive mci^, irwl¥#ng 9*qe^». The aJMe I .p;rj;r h^f two pjeefi* of f^ti^^ery, 9^4 ^^e pro^iifj^d w; h ^A^ ie^s »pd ii9pes for tMflurpofe^ scaling t^j,e v'O 'i} ,:i^ peces^^rjr. Thv Plpcers of ^g^rison and ^ip Ammm ci^ke^^ pre- S^n^, ^W^ consHlted, who gave I,t. l^z^s tl^^ir unani- mous opinion tMt it would k impo^il^le %• the g^xd- »aij to hoia out agAiiut ^h a superior fprce. Tl^e foi^ and island was accordingly suirpyderefl.* ,'x • Al^qut % time tl^c news of the fcill Qf" j^ch^l^m^ j^ac wa^r^ce^yed wi.c^n>p,an express arrive^ffQm Chmcoth<^ tl^at C.^pt. Heiiry ]^u3h with ^ co^jwij erf' Vo|unteerf, w^^l^pi^Mung Detroit TteC^Wiie^ 9t tl^e 0^0 ,vol«nt^^^j^pp^4^^eque?,^^ to tl,e Cieaer(M M* si^ftcit^xt fwp iowcit % .^o«lY<)y ?.t tli jiver Hai«im apd esc^t ij^ ^ajfeiy ^p O^trojt. ^il "^ ,^, . S*^^"?"^ Tl|,Qe^er|li*. pcpr^d toWlj^ jnaiaetf^^t^Ht the^ A^^^^^ ^f tUe prZ- S;^^'''^^>^^^^ Vrorda of Lieut lia.4^ oificiC. m -^ HiStORYbF plies could not be received fi-om any other quarter ex- cept Canada, the British having entire command of the i^avigation of lake Erie. ; ■ At lerigth, however^ he gave permission for a detach- ment pf 200 men under th6 command of Major Van Home, to march to the river Aux Raisin, for the double pirpose of guarding the mail to that river, and of escort- ing the party under Capt. Brush to camp. Major Van Hornc crossed the river on the 4th of Au- g^st, irid descended the American bank as far as the Ik^ ^ppletne, between the Indian viHages of Magiiago aiid firbwh^town^ where some Indian paths bf anch from thie roiidi (!!'apt. M^ of the spies unfortunkelj took one pfthese traces, accompanied only by a l^ack i^ervaiit. He had not proceeded far,before he was fired on by the Indians 5 killed on the spot, scalped, and toma- hawked* ivithin rifle shot distance of the main body of the' Americaii's. Thus ftll the brave, generous and patriotic M'Culloch, captain of the Spies. Majdi^'Vah Horhe, was here informed by a Frenchman that 3 or 400 Indians and a party of British were near Brownstown in ambush for the purpose of intercepting the detachment. The Major continued his march, dis- regarding the report. When he had advanced within a short diistance of Brownstown, Vhere the road passes fKroug;h a narrow prairie, bounded oh the right by a deep M^y creek, the opposite batik of which w as cover- ercd with a thick growth of underwood : On the left ?*NMteanuinberofsm?H Indian cornfields and thickets. 3lS-^Ugh this defile the detachment had to march which )ia^pelkd the two fls#acll other. It was when ^He trnhng tvere c^ton. €d Up in this ,cramp€ji situation that the Indians, f^iH THE LATE WAR. who were concealed in the thickets on both sides of the road, poured man unexpected but destructive fire. The fire was quickly returned 5 but the enemy having the advantage of position as well as a decided superiority of numbers the only alternative become a hasty retreat, supported by haltmg every favorable opportunity, and lr2Z "Ty-, "^^ '"""^^''' 'f 'fe^ « th« rear probably saved the detachment from total massacre ; for such was tte.r precipitate flight, that they outr« a ^ar Tl?rem!c„>"J^ ** retreat of, the Americans, lossof th^ A """^''*'''"' pursuit for four mUes. The sup'potd to hi ?T^ ^™"" *^* *•«»* 'nformation wa. ensifl-n Rohv -ru^ ' ^'*'*'*'' ' Lieut. Pentz and ;TinSs. ThTsSs ,r f*;-"^"^'^ '"•"^'•'^ is attributable to tl cir repeat d°^ .f"'» "l "^''^ Major Van Home tS ' l^^''^ ^^^" '"*"• became a hr,rr« *"'"Sh unsuccessful, conducted as became a brave officer. And we readily find an aboloity II bvTeTre .*' "" "^' believing, he iformatil^^ ,i„r fi'^'T'* 'f '" '"""*•=<* *« Gen#al fori «on for either ,f them to lead a dc-tachme, Brownstown, sufficient to bury the dead, ff On the 6th AumiQ^ a -i ■\" :<<* HISTORY OB^ anfc-^eeneniy. 4l| tl^e t«nta ai^d ba^age ^^i^|^^<^^ ^cess^ry, viU be ii^un^iajtfly trjij^^- ppr^d iolletr^it. The boats npt necessary f'or the mpveni^Ht qf tlie aimy will be sent fo Dfetroit. Aii oif- J»cr and ahk, with the batterifs '*£''? J^^^pared and floated down each day, and twelve barrels tJ^u ' , , > ^."' "* ''»;awn an the aVu-ficers and aKV:'l'j;,%*f_^.f ' i" ^'»gg.o'« ! wUiirnmediately join their reginie'^tr'"" " '"'" t*-"' ^'S"''"' VV.HITLL. V"! ^^ ..^i^.y^wiiyB.< ^- ' w «* ** ' ^ » ' i mn *m f m0^m0l'* r. ■ ■ t^^ HISTORY afi^ Ucliment c©H8i»ted »f the 4th iTniled Statds* regimetitj andtiro smtiH iJetaehments under the toliii*i»fid of Lieitt* fetahsbUt^ ttnd Bnaign M'Cabe of^ the ist i^egiment 5 dfetaohm^nts frtomthe Ohio and Michigan vdkiiteei^j A corps of artillerists, with one six poundfer aftll ttft ho\v^ Itier undfer ih^ GOtnmaaid of Lieut. Ea^tmaft, a part of Capt&iriS Smith a^nd Sloan^s cavalry Conwnmidfed by Capt. Slonn of the Ohio volunteers. Lieut. Colonel Miller marched fifom Detroit on the lifternoon of the #th in&t. and on the 9th, about four o'clock, P. M. the viin- guard, commanded by Capt* Snelling, df the Uniiecl Sta^te's regiment, was fired on by an ez^tengive Uii^ of Britbh troops and Indians, at the low^i* part ef Magim- ga, abo^^t foUrtf en miles from Detroiti At this time the main body was marching in two c()kmns, and Cjipt. Snelling maiuiiained his position in a most gallant man- ner, under a very heavy fire, until the line was formed and advanced to the ground he occupied, when the wholfe, exeepting the rear guard, was brought into ac- ibn. The enemy were formed behind a temporary breast \frork of logs, the Indians extending in a thick wo«d on their left t Lieut. Colonel MilleT ordered his whale line to advance, and when Within a small distance of the enemy, made a general dischai gfe and proceeded with charged bayonets, when the whole British line and Indians commenced a retreat. They were pursued in a niost vigorous manner about two miles, aiwi the pur- suit discontinued only on aecoUnt of the fati^e of the troops, the approactv of eteiiing, and the necessity of returrtii^ to take care of the wounded. The judiciotis arrangements made by Lieut. Col. Miller, and ihe ^al- lantpmanner in which they were executed, jujjtly euiiCle him lo the highest honor. From the moment the Hue f:- *?. & THB l-ATE rr All. ft ^gmmeEceU the fir0, it cmtim^kly mpved 6u^ ani fht eaftm}^ maiat^med their position utiiH fofctd at tlie point of the bayonet. The Indians on the left utiO^v thfi «0mjn»ndof T«cuiiiseh,f<)ughtwiitfigr»at©b8tiim«v, but were CDtttinually forced and c0ton^l*d to retreafe The victory was complete ia aVery. part q£ the li^^ tod the success woujii haya beto more briiiiant had tH« cavalty charged the enemy on the retJ-eat, when a jnofet favombte opportunity presented. Although orders w6re given for the purpose, unfoirtunajtely they we» net csacuied* Majors Ya^n Horne and Morrison of the Gkh YoluiBteers, were associated ivith Liejit. GdU MUier, a^j field officers in this (semipand, and were highly diatin- guished by their pacertjioni in, foming the. line and tbo hm an^. intrepid inanner tliey led their re^fectiifc coniT mands to a&tion* Miyor Muir of thtt 41st regiment, camm^ded th« Bi^ti#h.in thi*,afiiig^, The regul^ and Tolunteeri, consisted of .al,ont huv h^rtred, and ai^ger number oHndians. M^. Miiitoand^wi) subai^^ms were wound, ed, one of them since died. Abnu* forty Indians were «Qnnd dead m Um fieldi, ^nd Tecumseh their le^erjvaa slightly wounded. The number of wqundeJ Indian^ who escaped, h^s not been aseertained, fm^ ol! M^yoir Muirfs detachmei^t have befen mad6 prigonevs^ mi M- teen of the 4Ut regiment killed and wquftdjdaw iti miliha and volunteers atitached t«> his command wer<5 Ik the: severest part of the action, and t^ieir loss must hHW been great 5 it has not yet be^n ascertained.* ' • At the commencement of the ax^tion Col. MiUer wa^ thrown from ^ horse and continued onfo^t durinri^« ArllSr ;l^*^'1e^^<>n »f tlHs battle, thus f r, i prwb^ls Gen. |rull,^are believed to b^tri^f *r, arc in the r correct. ■ U ) n i y i nwi i r%»!" n HISTORY OF engagement, and proved himselfby his courage and judi- * cious arrangemr r;'v9; equal to a more responsible. com- mand. ; In this engagement, all the officers and men^ M^h th© exception of Capt. Sloan of the Cincinatti dragoons and Capt. Hull,«on to the General, fought bravely. Sevfr* al officers were wounded. Capt. Baker was wounilcd in the leg. Lieut. Larrabee lost an arm. Lieut Petei a of the 4th ? Ensign Whistler of ihA-i Uih ; Lieut. Sibly of the Michigan militia ; and Ensign Flesher of the Ohio voknteers were also woundeJ. Capt. Snelling, who recewefl tlie *1t i^ t of ilie enemy's fire maintained an unequal contest n h most grllant manner, until the main body advanced ro l\k relief, when the cavalry un- der Caipt. Sloan could n-»t be made to charge, he mount- ed a horse and offered to lead them in person. Capts. Brown and Sanderson who commanded cotnpani»^s of Ohio volunteer?, oti the right wing, acted with great gaH antry, Capts. Decant and Brevort, of the Michigan militia, particularly distinguished themselves. Of the Americans 18 were killed, and 60 wounded. ; The circumstances of this battl^ were such as to put the courage of the Americans to a severe test. Our troops had to oontend with a force one third larger than their own* Five hundred Indians, almost naked, and fi'ightfully painted, led on and encouraged by British officers and savage chiefs, rising suddenly from their hiding places, presented a scene sufficient to appal the stoutest heart. But American valor rose superior to ev- ery obstacle. Both sides fought bravely. AnAmrivan officer observed several httows to strike the groui " near his feet' almost ill a, pCr osity was excited^ and on looking up to discos from THELATKWAR. - .. whence they came, he perceived an Indian perched on a tree thirty feet from the ground, and hut , few pace^ m advance. He ordered hia men to fM* «.d he «ame pUmgdownttr^gh the branches like a de«J bear* H. had provided himself witli a f.w„ .fci.. .t^ff^ ^ ZT:.^"' of which he had dexter.^.,^ discha^g^^ a„^.l^« rr^'-f °° *■'* "^^'^ ground! «nd:.ent an express to Gen. Hull with information of his sued srcr-'"*«»«--'">«^-f'-isio„si:; Colonel M'ArthKr, on the evening „f the loth' dred men from h,s regiment and to proceed in hoats to the encampment of Col. Miller, with 600 rations! and to ^um to Detroit with the wounded. Col. M^Arthur tractor, for fte number of rations ordered. ThU man ;Sd":;::r;^ •■"""^i »" *••« *-?-' -^ -" "^ prevailed upon to issue the requUite quanfitv of r, elTo:"„ tim"'*^-"' *•"' ""* '»°-"^' wh"n IlL nellostno time w executing his orders 5 after deliver- ^^^e. that ::.r;edrrirwr-;^^^^^^^ the boats were thinly manned. The Colonel S ^* e^ Soorf f '".r ^'^'^^''^''y'^ wounded 3 7": JT. f"*' *^'y '"ft the camp, a signal am. ..,. «5v-u at iViaiilHn- nnri ♦!»« k~:_ TT_ , .i... *=* " ■"' # t and the brig Hunter made K^i ^^mi coanmenced firing on the boats, ThJ r appear. fP G men m ;4 . lUSTOnV OF immediately put to shore, and all that were able ran across a swampy prairie to the woods, leaving the woun^ ded in the boato to the protection of the Colonel and two or three others. At this critical juncture, the en- ergy, aaWlity and humanity of Col. M'Arthur shone with conspicuous luster. Having secured his boat, he prevailed on the men to return to their duty s distributed Whiskey; invited tliem to drink freely; related the anecdote of the Indian drinking the contents of his bot^ tl. as he tvas ,bouttQ be precipitated over the cataract of Niagara, and finally induced them to brave th« fire of the brig by rowing to a poifit within blank sl>ot of the llanter, fcml where the woods approached within a short distanbe of the water. Here be landed, and or, dered the Wen to assist in carrying the wonnded into the woods, setting the example himselfc They were then conveyed In waggons to Detroit. During the time that the woumled were passing from the boats to the foods,kiid while the waggons continued in reach of the "uns of the brig, she kept up an incessant fire. oT.th% lltK Cot. Miller received-peremptory onle, . fo return WBctroit, where he anived eariy on the 12th. Vbo^bearing a white flag, was this day seen descend. ■Ithe river to Sandwich, where it was known that ^„. Brock had arrived with tl.e 4Utreg.«.ent. Ih r^arance of this flag excited almost "--^a^^^'^gu in^e army ; because, from the manner inwhich flag . SS^eTh^ heen'treated by the en,my,» the fieneral ' .At*eUmeC4X:a^Bt lurched ^ ,Capt. Bro*n' Dj- ^«"'"'-^;; -J^\^ the shore, on his flag to MaWen 5 J":h*.1:„ L„r»i.hv the India«s'»«full return Yiew of the Briti^H troop fiJvd i:Hizen?ol •M' ig!>- THE LATE WAU. -5 • had promised the Colonels that no more should be sent. ^ Cols. M'Arthur, Cass and Findley called on tlie General to know why a white flag was sent totlie en... my, the General said that it was sent without bis authority, and denied having any knowledge of its de- parture or its object. The coloflels then offe>-cd to ejjamine ii,to the affair, and have the offender punished. 1 he general appeared much discwiwted at their deter- mmed conjlua, and fll«erv*d thathe would enquire of Capt. Hickman, (a volunteer aid) whether he had authorised any person to go to ti.e enemy's camp with a nag. After aa absence of a few minutes, he returned anU,state4 that Capt Hickman had had a converwtion wi h Capt. Rough on the subject,, who probably had misconceived the q^ning of Capt. Mickman's words ! fi, fu ^^^Tl" v"'""*'' "**"«*•"* "'*^ enquiries no Jrther ut left their general with disgust and mortifica- tion. They instantly wrote a confidential letter I Gov. Meigs advising him of the state of affairs, request vng prompt reinforcements, and expressing TtrsZe time, their doubts of theirgeneral's fidelity • Jn themean while the stockade at Gowie's was evac- uated 5 Major De«ny and his convalescents bad dol every thing in their power to strengthen and retain tMs Eoit. '"""^ *'^ ""^''^ '"^^y""^^ overt On the iSth, the British Mere «een m«n.i,- ^ Sandwich with a train of artilCS'S^^^ shot. The general would not permit Lieuts n! iv and Anderson to fire on them with thSp;^:5 • * "This letter was Si^Z.C°'!:.M'Arai„r, Findlo^ #"#• I ^S*' *"""=' ^'"=''^'=""*'T''^'-'-«S Capt). Ji ,ii<». MUniii illdliUlM' 70 HISTORY OF 1^1 i; ^ Thejr were suffered to take a position direcll}' opposite Detroit, where, %vithout the least interruption th*»y were permitted to erect a hatterr On the cTcning of the ^4t!\ ^ c^^ .uchmentof 300 men, f:'Xdirsive of officers, rv\rch©u from the encampment by jtcircuitous route, in the rear of the settlements, for the r i\ cr Haisin. The detucl iment Avas composed of volun- teers from tlwj regiments of Cols. MMiUu* -nd Cass. Col. M'Arthur remonfetr&ted against the usual practice of sending oul detachments \vithout provisions; the o^neral promised to send provision* after them On pack Harses-j but Vv» proroiae was not complied with. 'Dii*r«ute wa»thw>ugh an almost impervious thicket ; iW traops couldf mafco 1>ut a slow progress. After narij'ning abont fi4 miles, it was found impracticable in their debiUt'aled sUte, to reach the river Aux Raisins • then 47 vmlca distant. A council of officers, therefore, tltfemed it ^.ypcdient to r«^tarn to camp. ^ On tbt 13th, Gen. Hull pitched a markec in the centre of the eacampment, of a most singular appearance, with red and blue stripes painted on the top and sid^Sy which o-ave it a strong rcsembla; e to the Bi ish fla^' ! Ab tlie general had not erected a tent in camp since the 4th of Juljy this became an obje i f surpris-, and e- 'dentlj tiortewtous of the issue. j . » About 10 o'clock two officers arrived f;om Sandwich, with a flag of tr^icJCj requiring the f re er of Detroit, to the arms of hb Britannic Majes .* To this an m- * The following is the copy of Gen. Brock's letter w Ge.il HulL * Head garters, Sandwich, Mgutt I5thy 1812. . Sir^— The force at my disposal, authorises n#iJ^ |^ fiuire of you the surrender of Fort Detroit, .^t- » »'• TH# LAfE W j7 m'edi&te and, spirited r«fu,al w-s cturned. lu ti.e .ne,„while tho BritUh were demolishing a heuso op,>o. Hite Detroit, behind which they had erected a battVrv and on tI.e American side Lieuts. Dolaby and AndersJ,, w,re engaged lu building b^terie, and implanting tJ«ir ed, the Bntash armed vessels appeared.below Sandwich *„ n f'n^"!"*\ ?""»«""'' » Heavy fire upon ih^ town of Detroit and the fort, \f^ jyithont effect. The fire wa, returned with spirit, and continued without interruption tdl 10 o'cljBck »f ^ight,, , At the commencement qf th filling, all the froon* were crowded into, tl.e fort, ^,c. ptloT Findley' "1 ment,Av!uch «a, stationed ab,,ut 300 yards north e^t om the fo. t Brigade Major Uup i Quilrte 2- terDug^n rode to Spring wells tp, observe the eneiS^t Sandw,ch. They concluded it was hi, intention tohwd the next mo, . <" the .Queen Charlotte was and^S naposiuont. c„.er,th,ir t^ppps. . lUvlS o. Major ,„p t,ut a l^att^ry could b« erected 4"^ will he .CTBiid mv rnnt,.,,) «i; *" ""y tl«WW)S te^t CO.. ..eliccs. Xu wiU , " .T""**'. *« "^ into such conditions as^vTn sat , «.*''P«*fd to yate- sense of honor, lieut H^ ^ ^*>!f '^S'* ?ci-upul6ui.. are fully authirisedt^JiS a "?/^/i:CTi^^ nay lead to Tu-evAnf nn ,.«, ^ arrftngeth^nt that ! live ihe hoC to L &c ""f "^'"^ ^ ""•"l- rhe enTy of Gen. Hnii «. _... • . i ^ .^^^s oun>i, lie decIarPfi >.l«,"o *• ,, i''*"^^"^* at* leasf fe anu #^iifei.V a! nr^? ^^^cit-tt^lejp tlefe i his wo*** ,^F^ Ipg t. ahidethe consf-monces of M .^J^ ^ 4 ■— v»f-iw.,r'»_^ mm^mim**^ mm W U M HISTORY OF '-A, Spring wclU, capable of sinking this tes^el. H« ire* turil(i«i to Oen. Hull and requcgted permission to perform this service. The general would not consent to the medsnrc. He then asked if he might be permHted to cross the river with 100men,to attempt the spiking Of the yards one fourth of a mile distant. Gen. Hull immtdi- ately on this near approach of the enemy, went into a roim m the barracks, and in less than five miiintea , returned widi a note which he handed to hi. son, whe % instantly hoisted a white flag upon a pike staffand theli departed for the British advancing column. In a few CorX T; """ "'^^'^^^ accompanied by Lieut, to the Markee pitched by Gen. Hull the preceding dan twn ^I- r' ^^ «*P*^«»*tion were soou signed and the two British officer, mounted their horses and returned to stack^t^jeir arms, and those under Col. Findlej were rr^chedtn. Shortly after, the British troops mmhed e commandant /»f \>i:^i.:i: t_« Tender ; a native ^ * ft tlie time te officf* state of New Yixriq mm 80 HISTORY OF intd the fort with Gen. Brock at .heir head. The Ameri- can forces were then marched into an adjoining garden, wheie the disgraceful terms of the capitulation were read to them. The anger of our men could not be restrain- ed. The greater part shed tears of rage. Many of them, when ordered to stack their arms on the esplanade indignantly dashed them to pieces. i While Gen. Hull was surrendering the fort and town of Detroit into the hands of Gen. Brock, Col. M'Arthur was approaching the fort with his detachment, on its re- turn from its abortive expedition towards the river Rai- sin. When within a mile of the fort, he was informed of its surrender. He immcuiately retreated to the river Rouge. From this place, Ca:pt. Mansfield was sent with a jftag of truce to the fort; on his way the Indians rob- bed him of his horse, arms, and the greater part of his .dotliing. In. the evening, he returned to the detach- ment in company vath Majors Dixon and Givens, and Capt Elliott, of the British army, who handed the colonel the articles of capitulation. The detachment then marched to Detroit and stacked their arms in the citadel. The batteries then commenced firing a fea dtjoye ; the Indians raised the yell of tdumph, akd instantly commenced plundering the inhabitants, and our dra- goons of tlieir horses and accoutrements. The following authentic anecdote will illustrate the extent of military authority, which the British officers exercise over the Indians. An American officer who had brought with him an elegant horse from Chilicothe, for which he had paid 200 dollars, was in the act of sell- ing him to a British officer ; while they were settmig the price, an Indian came up, snawched the una the waiter's hand, threw it over the horses neck. fruiu THE LATE WAR. gj ed and rode ,ff«ith hi. p«y. The horse w.« elertntw mott»ted with hoUters and pistols. I„ this mannHS ^ro^ tiX:ei;rhedtt's^;* -i ss articles of 3, w-" . "*'*'' ^*'"'"' "»•»<»«« the JveuplrS'f'T''^ ^o^Pelling the volunteers lo s e up their rifles, which were private propertv .50 irthl' '"""' "r '•'''"' --»2't-« about the eXlde'iTdTr^e'tnar The?' ^ ^*^^''«'» «" dance of fixed ammiw^- r* , ^^"^^ "^^^ *» ^^^^l* h^eis o;.po;ii:rdtoi;„s'r^^^^^^^^^^ f -d in the territory anXda' r 1^'^* ^7 for grinding any quantity of flour. Tltlese aid „S tunde?thTeltt':;r^^ ^e army ^f Gen «t ^""'^ "* '^' "^«^ ««»"• materials. The 1„ ""'V^''« '""PO'ed of the best they pr„v;d ^ottZTiZ """' '""',P»«»«<^ •' -hich "ppoLity to S:; * sr'^^^:: *-r ""^ wer€ well si»lprf«j • '"^^'"^^^^es. That the officera the,hJL::;^tXCotdLt^^^^^^^^^ The Colonels M.A.?h„rclf;tdr:l^^^ ' "'!'''; J^« Quarter Master Gen. s indefatigable in the Hi«.],...^. .r •artm^ntj a '--"- oeioyea cral the .r himself 18 the whol* army. thereby end«»r«d ^fWMM g^ HISTORY OF The news of the surrender of Detroit was so unexpec- ted; that it came like a clap of thunder to the ears of the American people. No one would believe the first re- port. The disastrous event blasted the prospects of the first campaign, and opened the northern and western frontiers of Ohio to savage incursions. Note A court martial convened at Albany in the w-mteTof 1814, sentenced Gen Hull to be shot.* . The sentence was remitted by the Pre&ident. * See Appendix Bk*. ... •W^.: f # JBi>4j THE LATE WAR. 8$ ..I ^ ' Campaigns ct.ons of the war department, had detached power- M re>«forceme«ts to the aid of Gen HuH. H«lhe deferred the capitulation but a few days long^lu The forces advancing to his support consisted of 2,000 ^^ITt ^'^- *'*^"- ^»^""" '">''» battalio; of mounted nflemen under Col. R. M. Johnson, from Ken^ Bri/L^T"' "' ?'» """- -der the orders'f comma Jofcr^w u ""'^ '""" ^•^«''''"'« «""<"• *>•« comjnand of Gen. "W .nchester. They had reached the ^^^V^hen the news of the^apture of Det^ The news of the loss of Gen. Hull's army casta ten, porary gloom over the whole union. Bu7lor tie wdi fmedarnvalof the above force a wide sce.e of flS and m.ser^ „f blood and desolation must ha,rensuS Nearly hal of the territory of Ohio, must have been SffSe."' ""' "^-^-^ ^- ^'-^- to ie The force already upon the western frontier, „f ni • ^um..t to arrest the tide of savagHn ^t : t became necessary to retrieve the honor ^ the ^.ri can arms tnd to expel tl.e invad.rfram hir;:!...^ ' " 'lUiieii oonquests. ••■-=i«^ «v- ander of militiiry eiperiance iva. ^ncJo,mson, killed a Pottawatemie chief. At th.» time Gen. Winchester arrived at Fort Wavne cause before .t was known at the seat of government that the Governor of Kentucky had b,>.vetted General' Harnson an order had been forwarded to Gen. Wk Considerable discontent and murmuring we-e er change of commanders ; but the eloquence of the cJl cial soon reconciled them to t'm , a.'.sured t:-m that if n„T .*" *"^'*"™S<>™<^Jlf. He I- marching to tj.e -liefof S W , t-T 1'^ several expeditions a-ain«t tie r„^- ^''^!'^""^ »> ^^ the troops «<.shigM/:-'„;,^fJ'-,^..t!>e conduct c,f soIJie.s . te.. day; while on tr l" '^'^'^''''' "" they l.A^ ^ ■m. # MIIMM ■twMKW jUim^hmdMim^ I 86 HISTORY OF Gen. Harrison retired to St. Mary'a to organise some volun^pers. Gen. Winchester, with the army descend- ed the Miami to fort Defiance. At Piqua Gen. Harri- son met the dispatch from Washington, appointing him commander in chief of the north western army. At fort Defiance* Gen. Winchester found the ivhite and red enemy in possession of the ground and too gfrong for his nunibers. He dispatched an express to General Harrison who hastened to his relief with about 1200 mounted riflemen and musketeers, all furnished with S days provisions. In the mean time, however, the enemy had suddenly decamped, descending the Mi- ami. Our troops pursued, but cotild not overtake the fugitives. ^' . ' Gen. Harrison now resumed the command ot the ar- my. His attention wi s for some time confined to pre- paring depots of provisions, ammunition and clothing, ill opening roads, building boats and erecting block houses, preparatory to attempting the execution of the ffrand object of the campaign. / ,^ On the 4th of October, Gen. Tupper was ordered to repair to the foot of the rapids of the Miami xMtli the mounted force in condition for service. This move- ment was not executed. Gen. Tupper made a lengthy oxposition of the causes which produced the failure of the expedition,in which he attempted to throw the blame on Gen. Winchester, whom he charged with giviDg counter orders.f , , f . However, in Nov. Geri. Tupper with a detachment ot Km men advanced to the rapids, for the purposed *Nt)w, calletlFoit W: ^incheste J^Thc wi%ri3 not iu possess • " .1,0.- --S^ ion of suificteiikt Aihi^ t*^ vlterinine oifwhom the blame i^uglit to rest. F the ar- l to pre- clotliing, IK block m of the rdcrcd to with the is move- i length) failure of :hc blame th giviDg :hiiient of lurpose ol yt THE LATte tVAR. g^. (Itiving oB- a partj of British and Indians, who had col lected there for gathering the corn, which remained in the fields. Me arnvcd there undiscovered by the ene- n,jr, „„ (h. n,ght of the 14th ; he immediately n.ade dispositions for passing the river, and some of liis men succeeded in getting over but the greater part missed the ford, and were in danger of being drowned. 'Hie arms of many were either lost, or wet, so that ther could not be discharged. At day light the Bth gun oats .at anchor in the river slipped their cables Ld dropped down the lake, but the Indians more dar ! than their allies crossed over on horse back, and com- menced several violent attacks on our troons Tr, were leceived with firmness, driven back, and f;rcodZ recross the river with considerable loss. The Ame W had four killed and three wounded. ^m^'icans The Wyandot chief Snlif. Los- na= • leading the Indians to ti!' Ittal' beW '"T." '" a stately white chai^er. ' ^ '"°""'"'' ^ Early in Decemder a detachment <.f fioo iren ,,nH« bef.re the da«.n of day the t",^/ ^'""'* '" f'*""- i\^ 1 J- •^' ^^® sentinels were fir^H «« u t.ie Indians, and instantly a furious atLc\ •'' menced on the ri^ht fl.nt „ou. "^*. ****"'' ''''" «««>■ ed by Major Bi-n who "..r* "" "*""<;'"'""«> command- m L riht, when tt! T "'"' "*'"■»«'' *•- «'•<= .. . . 'c-t, When the enemy were charged and dis- #■ f. ■^temm mr^mi m tmmif i Db HISTORY OF pevp^a v/ith the loss of 40 killed. The loss of i\it *letachuieut was* 9 killed, and about 40 wounded. Capt. ' I'ierce, uho distinguislied himself was killed. Lieut. Waltz of Capt. Markle's troop of horse (from Orcens- irarj^b, Pean.) was »hot through the arm ; but anxious htill further to exert himself, attv^mptcd to mount his hors6, aftd while making the effort was shot through the headi Col. Campbell, Major Ball, Capts. Trotter, M'Clel- knd, Hopkins, Garrard and Markle, were particularly complimented by Oen. Harrison, in a general order for tiieir bravery a«d good conduct during the expedition. The prisoners were treated with humanity ; even the warriors, when they ceased resistance were spared, vhich is not the usual custom in expeditions against the Indians. The sufferings of the men from cold, hunger and fatigue, in their retreat from Missisinwey, were severe. They were in the center of the Indian country. Nu- merous hands of: exaspeiated savage^ warriors were known to be within a few hours march. They were obliged to carry their sick and wounded on litters. The weather was intensely cold ; theirmarch was slow, tedious and circumspect. ' At night, only half of the men could sleep, wl»e the other were on guard. Pleu- risy, and bad colds afflicted nearly the whole corps. Numbers were frostbitten. . ,. ^ r It is proper here to state that the patriotic Governors of Virginia and Peniisvlvania, had each detached from 1500 to loOO men to the aid of Gen. Harrison. The Penn- .vlvaniftns under Brig. Gen. Brooks, rendezvoused at Pittsburgh, and marched from thence to luausueiv* i.. Ohio, Tbe Tirginian« were under the dir^tioft of THE LATE \\ AR. pg Brigadier General Leftwich, and te«k the roulc of Chdicothe m their march to the head quarters of the north western army. Upon the approach of ..inter, Gen. Harrison found thata considerable proportion of his men, were desti- tute of many essential article, of clothing, which could Lmted States. He therefore, in an animated address, and o TV ' ""'"T""' *» the people of Kentucky and OIuo. This appeal was not made to a cold, phle... mabc people. Liberal donations of various articles ^f clothing and comfort were every where presented, and proper persons appointed to forward them to the armv t^en. Harrison left tlie army for a few weeks ^nil repaired to Cbilicothe, on busin';.ss. The ci ",; L. tt i'n" 7 ''""r"""^'-' "« '•«•=''"-• the bono of the invita, on, observing, in substance that it did no become him to ar<-pnt «f = ^ ' while hi, ,,»« '^ sumptuous entertainments, H 1. le us men were exposed to the rigors of the season endunngthe fatigues of military du'ty, and sub^t : on the coarsest of food "^ movea trom Fort Vf inchesfer to the Ra.nds A* ,i ," tune the Ohio troops were at Fort M'irtC:(h..1> ^.Waniaus at Manslield, and the A.^!! -l^'tS-" of artillery h!!;';"'":^' stores, an^ the trains e^rorts of the north west:tl;r/Z:rV': '--viiuuciice. ' ■" "*'" <>» tHf^Hth of Janu il 2 arj. Col. Lewis, ad vanct d from % 9mf_ ^^^^m i*o HISTORY OF ihe P^pitls towards the river Aux llaisins, and on the 18th found the enemy in force and disposed to dispute the possession of the place. He attacked them in t :e tjwn. The Indians raised their accustomed yell. But the noise was drowned in the returning shouts of the assailants. The Canadian militia instantly retreated. The Indians maintained the action some time, but gave way in all directions, when resolutely charged by the Americans. About 40 of the savages bit the dust. Of Col. Lewis' party, 12 were killed, and 52 wounded. Gen. Winchester followed with a reinforcement, and took a position on the banks of tlic river Raisin. His whole force amounted to about 800 men ; a part of whicb were posted behind a picket fence ; the residue were encamped on an open field a little to the right of the main body and entirely uncovered. From the river Uaisin to Maiden, is only 18 miles ; the distance by lan»! jt v/ater is about the same. Both banks of tlie river are settled to the distance of 9 miles from the lake by Canadian French or their descendants. The greater part of the inhabitants are attached to the IJnited States. But there are some, who are fit for " treason, stratagems and Crimes," and would readily seize every occasion to communicate intelligence to the Britiiih and Indians. By sowe unaccountable neglect in the commanding (leneral, the first notice which the Americans received tf the enemy, was from the moutlis of six nine pounders discharged at<)ur troops on the22d, at beating of reveil- le! At the moment of the commencemeBt of the at- t ick. Gen. Winchester and several of his officers, were oi 4\^r^\f lo'lcinire n+ RrtTTiP flisfjinro from the troons. The ' 1 ! oops which were uncovered, sustained the coiilest bttt af her the the • gaif p-re.1 ages topi and I conti who 1 itht altljoii ^esolv fought The mined when a been ta in an al wing. pickets, ineftecti rear to several f lapidjj , Jndispens ^e^«g ne; Among th ^^ickman, *Thisn THE I,ATE WA'R. ' , a feiv inmutes, V enbi -, „„a l'«rs, the., recro ,ed the ,L? »;*fP»*e- by num- they were met ,,f „• u!:."hll ?!' *''*^ '"''"«<' '" for gained th^ir rear^ A ,o1^ifS„;' '■""'"'' «''<> ''»d greater part were surro„„2 K f "'l'* ""^"^- ^'''^ age*, yellin. like a hand of If^ " ,' '"' "'' ?"»*«<» «v. *or--s. Others C^nLf*""':'""'' '"-^^H/cut ""■d attempted to e^ I'^nZ " "^ '"'«»« continued upwards of^ in" ^^ "'•'«'' '«» «ho tru,tt,: to their heels Z ' ■"*"• ^" "^ ">»«• ^ -'■ _ The sno. let 'i^ "If'"'^" """ — v ■th the blood ^e /b^itives TI '^' ''"' "'""^oned ''tlioughsoon« a.d ^iC7 /'""P*'-' of the army, -olved to sen ;: tt^s 7;;^^^^^^ lougLt desperately. ''""'-'' "^ Po-'^'We, and when a flag arrived f^ ^ '''** "''til eleven o'clock f--^ take/pHso;t ITKS J'-hester,^ "/n attempt to rail/ 1!;^""'"'"*''^*''* '''=*'''» ^■ng. Major Madison thl^ composing the.right P'ckets, perceiving «o,"''t„r '"''"''*'' ^"*'"'' «•« "•effectual, as the^ Ind^^ZlT^^' ""^ '^^^t^-ce "»■• to enable him to ""treat t'i" '^T^'-""^ '^ *". , several pieces of , .»„„„„ u 5' ""''' ''' the eneu,y ii^d l^fiy demolishi.gtt ;ictoV'"''^?^'"^'>*%»««re i wdtspensable. ^ ''***' » capitulation became I Tlie. loss of the Am • 1 teing nearly 400 i„ mT\T Tr"'"^ ^'"•<''«.- I A«ong the officers slain, ^^t cl, aJ '1 ""^^'"g- 1 "ickman. Sim«=„„ . »,' . _ .^•*'- Allen, and f!»nf .;.?„ * ^patriotic officer had been Reefed a member of ,,««.>"» IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 2.5 111^ 1.8 1.25 II 1.4 ||.6 ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^^ V tx O^" '^^ .. 4 f 92 HISTORY OF To the enemy it was a dear bought triumph. His regulars tliree times advanced boldly to within pistol shot of the pickets, and as often retreated in confusion. The Americans would permit them to approach within full reach of their pieces, before they poured the leaden shcWJI^ directed with deadly aim. B^g the whole of the action, a constant fire was kept up by the enemy from six pieces of cannon ; it was the effect of the cannon shot and a scarcity of ammuni- tion, which compelled our troops to give up the contest. Against musketry, the left wing would have maintained their position till reinforcements could liave arrived. After the capitulation, the A«\erican commanding officer rehionstrated with Gen. Proctor against exposing the prisoners to the vengeance of the savages. The General promised to protect them, but forgot to keep lus word. They were left without the promised pro- tection, and on the morning of the 2Sd, horrible to re- late, the allies of a christian King, stript, tomahawked and scalped the wounded Americans, and burnt all of them who were unable to walk. To the dead were denied the rights of sepulture. The living were for the most part stript of their clothing, plundered of their money, and their arms given to the The advance of Gen. Winchester to the river Raisin was authorised. It has been said that he was overruled by his officers, and that the movement was made from motives of humanity, in order to afford suecor to the Congress in August preceding. Col. Owing his fiic id obtained some of his effects from the French of the M. T. in the a-/ umn of 1813. • S^jB Appendix, F. m^ F er in( SCi of, sor 1 stai chai fort and then nece damj able tliemi fulnei ihrouj ity of or Ro] Vet were t were n they \v corerin Haider distanct lips/ X elastic h the day Afir Jefeatec THE.LATBAV^K I'rench inhabitants on tl,,* • ' 9*! ened witl. savage vengeance^'TT'lu.'"^ ■"==» «'"««t. •nd-screct movement,", 2.r tl /" ^''''^'"^ «"1 scattered state of the army o„ th ""'P'-<^l«»ed and of Janaar^, ,„ ^e attriSed tl f T"'"= "^ *''c el* «on's first campaign. *"'* '^''"^ "^ ««■ Han-i- t- ^^"'e«ttrC:;r;^ ^^^^ P'-e a circu.. 'o.t Defiance to the Rapid, Th" ,. *'""" "'»'-<^'' fro» and nearly famished for l-ln! '■^f ' '^"^'^ '^<'™ out «'«"»se!ve,, were destitute of °^ ^''''^'- The m^. necessity., y^^ these 2",^"^ *'^''='« «f «he fi^t ■ •l^pen their ardor. Whe^ ^T'"''"^ «"»* «'» *««* S a le to draw, these g^u^ f ''«"-^« *ere .k. lo^gi tiiemselves fn f?,« i o*"*'^* song ^f Mara h» \ .»''-gh frosfandt'orr' *"''"• W ^ mul" X^---i;aS^^^^^^ ^ et thpse were men «,.. . -«e the seats of elegance a1!d '""'^ '"'»• *•>« '"'"'t part «•«'•« not to be brokef byad" T'*"" ' """^ «'«- «pS they were compelled to traveT */' ^^"^-"hstai^il^ «»»enng for their backs ^^5"°* ""*' '""h «carce?f Maiden to Buflafo, a„d 'i't?*'«^ "' -"*-> S d.sta„ce of 800 miieg, ,«,,■". *''«»'« <» Kentuckv,* V Their honest hZlT '"'''"'"'^ '''"P^ ^ir « ast.c hope, that theirtro„rr^, '7''^'' -** the After the defeat of Gen Wi„ k ■etreated from fl,- -f "^'"Chester, Gen IT.„ • a* T. . ""n ">e i-apids is n^.i- - "• "arrison ^.¥' --ii«.|i<ew levies, fr„„. ohio aTd £ " T^' ''*"'"« *'''P''-*<1. ;» -Ppi/ their place" b„T;?' ^^^^ -"-ed on' ««3on, the Pennsvlvani, hi , "^ ""' ""'^wg in menaces for another monh ^^f" ^»'''»te«'-e«i the^^ »ore honorable, as thi. .„rps L/ , '"'"''"=* '^"^ «■« hardships during the wintT , ""''"«»"« '""c'-edibie «*o- from SU,,, t:t R^jy "S -""^--y and feat.-.< On th»?P'"''^. '* tne time of ' W '',**'="''«« the »vcd from Gen Hn?'- ''*^ »'"<'«r war^'"' ''*'*'''"'^ ■»«- vance with XhL ■l?^'"'> "rderinc tho , f-.f""'*'' ar. impossible b" ^T^" «P««J ; thisVas ;i^''''^'-r «» "d, complete s«L. *"?'" *'>'ch took !>''*.'■«'' totally hini- It is unni P™ceed imme.li»*Ti /^ '^°'''<' be the first ;&!"??'••'' *° stafeS ly '" '"""'■'''« morning our i« !'' *" advance. AtaT-.'^f «»*»»« ^■'I^V I n>sretted L.lr'" ^.andi.Hy contl ""^^L* >!»■"• road. It took over 9G HISTORY OF On tlie 20fh 6f April, Gen. Harrison returned to Fort Meigs, and began to prepare for tlie approaching storm. Patioling parties were frequently sent out to discover the movements of the enemy, who had beeU discovered on the margin of the lake. OA the 2Gth the advance of the enemy made its ap- pearance on the opposite shore,and sifter reconnoitcring a few minutes, withdrew. On the 2rth they returned, but were soon made to retire by the balls from the fort. Ever since the General had arrived in camp, the greatest diligence was displayed by the oflicers and soldiers. Fm-tifijcations of various descriptions Mere carried on wijth uni^aralleled exertions. Every moment of the the knees, and often to the middle. The Black Swamp {4 miles from Portage river, and 4 in the extent) would have been considered impassable by all but men deter- mined to surmount evei-y difiiculty to accomplish the ol'ject of their march# In this swamp you lose sight of terra firma altogether— the water was about 6 inchps deep on the ice, which was v6ry rotten, of teji breaking through to the depth of four or five feet. ■ ' , » ' " The same night we encamped on very wet ground, but the driest that could be found, the rain still continue ing. It was with difficulty we eould raise fires ; we had no tents, our clothes were wet, no axes, nothing to cook in, and very little to eat. A brigade of pack horses being near us, we procured from them some flour, killed a hog, (there being plenty of them along the road :) our l3re«4 ^^'^^ baked m the ashes, and the pork we broiled on the coaU— t-a sweeter meal I never partook of. When we went to S|leep, it was on two logs laid close to each other, to;>keep our bodies from the damp ground. Good God ! what a pliant being is man in adversity. Tiie loftiest spirit that ever inhabited the human Ijreast. would have been tamed amid the difficulties that suf- THE LATR W,vr. Seneial was occupieJ in ,i- .. *■' dressed the men illZtlTf *''* '-^^^- ".ad- "sr on the situation inth" "h 'T^/"'' ""'l"""' -«r. placed them, and of the tl^ "'"*''""' °^ "•'"•I.ac! '-e-gvigilantandindastrio s^ri^^''-^^ "' '^'''■y "»«> converted ever^ man inlrh^i''.^-'- . '?'^ ■^"''-3 * 2«a'. courage and patriotism n/ "'""J"™'' """m ^vifi, On the 28th the enemTl "■ *»T«««''"-'fc "re v*7ed over the river in boZf, '""'''"^ ^'"^ <^-- ;7'»ever^directio„ s te ,,of"r7';f ' '''^ «»-'- -«on .ith ZZ::%^:^: " r-r *' »" --««•- ^'^f "P the whole day xt ' °"^ """^ '=""» »a, '» [«; in the construS oTZ'T^ """^ P^°Sr«««d "■ght, that tl,eyaffi„^ed fhl 'J*'"'""'"*'' ''"'•ing the '''°«nded as he wl, standi„Tn.r.! *^'' ^"^ "■»'•*""/ April 30-the besi^!. i u^ ^'" *''^ e^""^'- • "gainst the enemv!l f •^"''* "? '^ "«" diroc%,i f «'e^r pro.resrC^E^';; -'i=.e.h,;;^^^^^^^ P^-ss to the fort Meigs side of S! «cn Here seen t. ti.e General to Leliev: that tl^ir"""' «"'^ ''"Jnced J:: ''«<'»«- to their ba eries a«d t '"" "'^^ '' '"'-- the camp in the rear. Ord!r^ ""'f'** '*»«* ^tor.. -e third of the men to Si CaT. "'"""''^ «"- «' •emammgtwo thirds to sle^n ,^'°''S"'«d,a,>dtJie their arms, and to h ^ "'"' "'eir mustnt, it7«^. .... "• *" "> to IJi/>i» .^ V " _- 'pe jtricHj obcj-ed 4 and Po^tf- lliescordo "err du^, J i« •W*:i 'eriorm^^ij 1)8 HISTORY OF ;s with cliccrfulneas. Notwithstanding the incessant fire of the enem^, the men were obliged to go to the river for water every night ; the well not being finished. Several of the men were this day wounded and the General being continually exposed, had several narrow escapes. During the night the enemy towed up a gun boat near the fort and fired at point blank shot for some time, but without effect. They retired fron> this position as soon as it was light enough for our gun* ners to see her. The grand traverse was now completed, as well as several small ones in various directions. The fire from' tiie garrison was begun with efTejct. During the day' (May Ist) the enemy fired 256 times from their gun' batteries. Their 24 pound shot passed through the pickets without cutting them down. Our gunners silen- ced one of their pieces several times. They did not firf so rapidly as the enemy, btit with a better aim; 8- of the Americans were wounded this day ; a bullet struck the seat on which the General was sitting, and a volunteer was at the same time wounded as he stood directly opposite to him. On the 2d of May both parties commenced firing very early with bombs and balls, and continued it very brisk- ly all day. Our troops had 1 killed and 10 wounded, besides several others slightly touched with Indian bul- lets. Tke enemy this day fired 457 cannon shot. The next day commenced with a very brisk and fierce firing of bombs and cannon balls, and continued at in- tervals all day. They opened two batteries upon th* fort, which they had established on this side of the river, within 250 yards of the rear right angle of the cjimp, one of which v»«s a bomb battery. Au Indift»ywlo1ia4 "?' THE LATE WAR. y. 51C times duri„' 1 i JVn , "'Z^* '""»''*• The.y fired It rained ^tr'^tT^, '^'n'r""*'" ''-^''^ fire of the begieters A u "^"'^ '••^""•aed th, erecting on tl S'of ti • ' '""^ "'^ ''*'=''^«'^ with tbf other" ail "'""' '" ''' "«•»« •'•^"«o« •gainst the^ t^-^riTTT' '" ^'^^ Went. Gwvnn killed a vvk ^i"*^ ""'^ '^""""J«'»- river with a rifle fil^h! ' "!"" "" *"* """^ *^* On the -stl. *K ^"'^ ''"« "'•'•'J 'bis day. ^oi?i:i.,:S'thrroroit:^'' vt'^- "^•"■^"' *^"-^ officer arrived from Gen ciTr; vf"l'''" '^' *'^'^ »«« that a reinforcement oTabon AS Wl-^ "''"'• bis command, werp J«. *»"»«' I2"0 Kenti.ckians Hndg, fmed boataTrsh! HH r^ »^«-° »» C'^t hot- Harrison dispatched Canfr" ?,"''''^"''°" """^"^''^ Gen. Clay to dll ^*P*- """"""« with orders f«r -bo were'd ect d „ ltd r """ ''"-"''« ^"Sa". the riyer, about a mili and a'hT* *" "" ''" ^"""^ «" «»arcb from thence" the British it """" '""^ *"^ *- «'- ^vas led by Col. John MHW Z *' '"'"'S'" "^ *<= "'<=>• ,a mixed force of volunj '^Yn, T """""-^ ' '"* ^50 men, he overthre ,! twL ?^ '"*^'''"'' '">*««ecdins Indians. '' ''"*=« '"«. numbers of B.itisl. aRd fort is a deep gull" »'/"h o K "7l"-teiy below the distance of loo yJa^ "Irl !* ?• f *""'■ "^"^ ""'•« lars and a h. .; f,nZ^.Z\ r'"^ SOtf British re.,.. tilleHetsattheg „s n/"' '''^P™'-««"ofthe:,. -euded the ^yur^^:^^^ *^ ?»n^so» m a few yards of the enem. !, *''*^ **»•« *'«>- 'tructive fire, carried «S ^^"V^'^ °P«"«<' a de- and made 50 pSerf '"'"''' "'T^'^ ^-^-^y From the 6th to the 9*h th ' '■."'"'' — - -.7 "ic ciiemy to Hui " ' - x^^- ^SA^i route. 1 o »>in order jto pturi^ Jio Ht# » n^ t HISTORY OF On tlie morning of the 9tli, tlic enemy commenced 0«cir march down the Miami, after having been before 1' e place 14 dajs, during which they had discharged at the works 1800 shells and cannon lalla, besides keeping up an almost incessant fire of small arms. Tlic Indians Morc the first to leave the grtund, ueing greatly dissatisfied from tlie severe loss they had sus- tained m the several actions on the 5th. They were far more numerous than their white allies.* The defence of Fort Meigs vill rank in history a- mong the most brilliant achievements of the war, as well, on account of the obstinacy of the defence, as the daring: and successful execution of the different sorties. The situation of the garrison was sufficient to dampen i'.\t ardor and unman the energies of less determined men. Great quantities of rain fell during the siege. The soil within the pickets being clay, the constant t 'Cading of men and horses reduced the whole area of tnc fort to the consistence of mortar, lialf leg deep; and the frequc at bursting of shells caused the mud to fly in sV.owers and in every direction, giving to the ofiicers Slid men the appearance of an assemblage of brick- . ,^akers. * • *u\ am unable to form a correct estimate of the en- emy's force. The prisoners varied much in their ac- f: mints ? those who made them least, stated the regulars {;t<560s and railitia at 800 5 but the numbers of the In- ♦lians were, beyoniu comparison, greater than have ever been brought into the field before ; numbers arrived rtr/ter the siege commenced. I have caused their camps on the southeast side of the river to be particularly ex- ^.miaed, and the general opinion is, that there could not pr< the at I 1 the N cd. tion «elve if Ik "^ * J name! The nioven done.l 'is tro jmt a a attendc *• is sen* scriptio leturnii fiduity borious 'nerit w; difficult fyor, on tion gav ticularly Gratiot, G f ortant di Wood, of of meiit, i the works ^'iti be m, ■1*: '^i THE J.KrR mah. precaution wa, Ukc„ ,o p ^ j" !''' "»'P- iSvcr;, t 'f arm^ ,vas «i,e,.y, „/ '""/ '" f "«•• One thir,I of. •t their post. " {'"""'-o't.n (I,,. ,,h<,,, ,,^^^ The vigiUnee^ j^y^. ger, of the commander in cUienlTj *,''"""'" *" '^• the spirit of the troops. ' ^ "'* ■"*' '""^t »po« Numerous feats of indivirf, ,i i I'i- Gen. irarrison has «£;; i"/;'? '^«- Perfoh«. «-n many of the brave men tho H . "°":" *" "'« '•^^ »elvcs.» •"*" "f"" distinguished them- ^fptlon and Tf irer/^o^'^* "'''' '^o:;tftX^ J'O'ioX Su'ef S." ''"' P-Sn'e%n r f" •11"* 'vas so grnerali^f„r '!,''•"> «llcd for. W.i"" 'I'fflcult to disS „t"''V\^' «'■»««* universal-I t*i! fiver, omit to men"* n' tJ, * «^*"«'-'''l cannot hL fion cave <>i-.™ " '"C names ^r *i. ' ?**'*'- %^- ■ • •' —'• "^"ai IB the camp,, Simi -i»l»M«I'"«#S«» 104 ^ HISTORY OF After the raising the siege of Fort Meigs, the pdan of the campaign iiras changed upon the recommendation of *i6«n, Harrison. Vessels were building at Erie and beats at Cleveland 5 until these were readj, it wa« "ifetermined to act on the defensire. ♦ . , :* > ■ •-,'.. witnessed his indefatigable exertion^ his consummate fjskk in providing for the safety of every point, and in foiling every attempt of tlie enemy, and ip undaunted bravery in the performance of his duty in the most ex- posed situations. An unfortunate wound in the com- mencement of the siege deprived the general, after that ^e of the able services Maj. Stoddard, of the artillery, -whose zeal and talents had been eminently useful. Capt. Gratiot, in the remissiov. of a severe illness, took charge of a battery, and managed it with ability and ef- fect. Capt. Cushmg, of the artillery, and Capt. Hall, •of the irth infantry, (but doiuRg duty witli the former corps) were extremely active and attentive to their post. Col. Miller and Maj. Todd, of the 19th /t. S. infantry ; ^Majors Ball, of the dragoons, Sodwick, and Maj. Ritier, of the Ohio militia, and Maj. Johnson, of the Kentucky militia, rendered the most importent •services. To each of the above gentlemen, as well as to each captain, subaHern, noncommissioned officer and private of their respective commands, the general gives •his thanks and expresses his warmest approbation : also to Adjutant Brown, Mr. Peters, conductor of artillery, Mr. Lion, principal artificer, Mr. Timbeilee, and to "Sergeants Henderson, Tommes and Meldrum, who sev- erally htd charge of batteries and block houses. The battery managed by Sergeant Henderson was,. as the enemy confessed, managed with peculiar efficacy and effect with respect to the sorties wliich were "J-ade on tjjie 5th instant. The subsequent information w%ich has been received from the prisoners, has given the^ t*:^^?^ which were engaged on those occasions additional -claims upon the gratitude of their gencrul. It is ascer- *«;««,i +i,-f \r. K^^fVi inefanrps the enemv far outnumUercii oui' troops. The general gives his thanks to Bri^. ben. C C/a Clay Mm] Col. andj^ on tin calf, 1 tales, feated 6th in; ular tr sorties Capt. { Jantry the repi The/e incnts f *'ie'rres Langhar assigned two duB flanked i ^'anadiar terms of 1 ^'ampbell *^nsi|;ns .« ton. Tin each of ih officers, r ,^ere engi /«e£;enerj 'ortfieifci TflfcLATE WAR. On the lath of M«v r » '^"* *°^ ^tJt?'' the enemy §^hf *•= ^"'^ with Xh^«.SL" sorties oir*r''/?'"'''«e'-8. nhich «"'''"'' "^ t^e reg. *«e.riesDer«v. ^''''and 19th U V,. •* *« detach.. aasiSi 'f i'""' and Nerin^?i,,^''"«''an» Bedford flanked b™„ ?"*'*'' grenadiers In,'^' ,'^«'f">ded bj terms o^the"cai^ ^"^^ ^^^r^^Z"'"^'"^'" «f J^nsigns sLn &""', .^«^«' Kercheval .n!l o ""'**°«nte - ■ ■:-% '^'in. the action rtt '■'«*<''«■ action of th« 5th cs 106 HISTORY Ot In June informatbn was received that the CHewy meditated an immediate attack on Fort Meigs. The ^h r^epment was then on its march to Sandusky ; the General being at Franklinton, followed the regiment, and overtaking it near the Seneca towns, selected 30O of the 'most active men, and made a forced march to Fort Meigs. The black swamp was t!hen in a state to iiiider marching the most toilsome j the^iMd was half leg deep, and so stiff that it required great exertion to disengage the foot from it. The Colonel, Anderson, lil^ assistance he received from them throughout the siege* Major Hukill, the acting inspector general, dis- tinguished himself by his assiduity in forwarding the part of our works which was niost necessary and which was most exposed to the fire of the enemy. From 'Major Graham, hid aid4e camp—his volunteer aid de camp, J. Johnson, esq. and from Lieut. O'Fallon, acting assistant adjutant general, as well as from the deputy quarter ma$t#^ Mr. Eubank, he received the greatest ftssistance. It rarely occurs that a general has to complain of the excessive ardor of his men, yet such appears always to be the case whenever the Kentucky militia arc engaged. It is indeed the source of all their misfortunes. They appear to think that their valor can alone accomplish a- ny tiling. The general is led to make this remark from the conduct of capt. Dudley's company of the regi- ment, as he has understootf that that gallant officer was obliged tb turn his espontoon against his company to o- blige them to desist from a further pursuit, of the ene- Kiy, in compliance with an order from the geneial. ,^.JSwsh temerity, altho' not so disgraceful, is scarcely less W ^M than cowardice. And in the instance above, had It been persisted in, would have given a different result to. the action, as the whole of the enemy's forces which were nlaced near the batteries would have b^en prccip- ita^d^upou the fear of oui* 4etachment. 'I he pursuit *Si, THE LATE WAR. »»d the Lieut. Col. Gaine, . r horses and alternately led 2 J™"**'' f'-""" tteir' the ardor ^ tl,e office^/XVn S^">*»*- '" S^''** -«« ft" state of the road, they relched f A''^"'"'*'"«''»& the second evening of tiiv!). . ^°''t Meigs early oi -'* tr "' "-^iJ-Vi? "" '•'"» ''°'' «^'' « ^t.speHodCol.MnsonarHyedatthefoH beinestonn.-! ,. "* '"'■* **** ««"»rf.w,i,.« °mcui.'°* "■*'^■'=^■• U, g. dragoons, 12 mo. volunteers, ^et^diment of U. > S. infantrjr, ' y 1 39 5 30 3 .2 90, ir 8 S9 .U f^V 3 1 129 20 II 91 Total, 189 81 ^«jV8 Stoddard and f?'1;M?'^ '''' ^^^ 124 Winded. Jh^fr^^^reM^^ ^ NoTP 'PI . Actinff assi«f««/ j'^^^^ON, >v" a 108 HISTORY OF Ills mounted regiment by the route of the Aux Glaize river, and was^sent to the river Raisin to obtain intelU- ^fince. Three Frenchmen Irere taken and brought to :ihc foft, from whom it was understood that the enemy were making preparations for some entei-prize 5 but it was Hot known against what point it-would be directed. T|ie General supposed it most probable* that the attack would be made upon Erie, Cleveland or Sandusky. The 300 men of the 24th regiment were left at Fort Meigs. On the 30th of June the General set out for Ol^y^^d attended by an escort from Johnson's regi* ment^nd directed the remainder to follow him. At lower Sa^idusky, he met with Ball's squadron, which had been ordered from the interior of Ohio upon the first information of the expected invasion. The General 1 elieved that the enemy would attack Cleve- land rather than Fort Meigs, in order to destroy the boats building there, and possess themselves of a consid- erable magazine of flour which had been collected there by the contractor. He therefore proceeded to that point to make arrangements for its defence. Major Jessup commanded at Cleveland, with one company of artillery and two of militia. Ball's squadron and a company of 12 month's regulars, were also ordered there. A small fort was erected, and the boats sunk or moved high up the Cayalioga. Johnson's regiment of mounted volunteers were placed at Huron, nearly riiid way between Sandusky and Cleveland, that they mi^it go to the assistance of eitlier place as circum- ^nces should require. Wliile these arrangements were making upon ^c shore3 of lake Erie, Generals M'Arthur and Cass were actively employed in recruiting two regimeniS; of "^ 4* «-^^ ' t ^'HE LATE WAR months VQlacteerfl in ii, ' "^^ ^tate of Ohio. ^^'^ "'^^^ populous parU of tlie aanduskjr. ^"^" '<* aeneca town «» f^^^ >'«■• of Indian Ckieft 1 2 ■•'''*"'"'" '"*'' "'»'"»• propositions : * *" '''""» "«* ""^de tiiree distinct neutral, er ^"^ """• ^^itlemenU and ren^ain ti'eir protection' *"*'"^ *'"' P'«^« ^emselves under ^tera short consulta«n.,*k " Canada. Sfa,,,^ ."^"rwlrds r"' •" ^"^ ""'"-''" "^ the number of 3,^. BuTfh t J^^''"'"*^ *« »™r to *-est continued t .„!ke „„'"."'. '" '^'^ «"««" in. «»d committed frequent mnZ? 'T *"" '"*«'"»''»'« den coasted do,vn the lafc!!, f ' "^ P"*^ f""» Mai- th«J killed, scalped a„dt,T ** ""''^ '='«"'', when; « omen and „i„c'^,\V;,l™*'''' P™<>»e- one n«„. th^^^^ 2i of his cavalry werftrfpa^a , V* ■ ^^- ^^H ,vith «"- belo. Sender Ltw-f'' 'r'^^''^ ^ '■- *«rriors,,vhohadpiaced ^ri elvL ' f '' ^"l'"" purpose of J,ilii„„ L ma;,. I' '" *"">"'«'> for the Col. Ball instantlVctaS;:"!''™'' "?"» ^- Part^ fromacopseofhaiienutiirrr *'"''*'•»*'=«'«; «ye for ca^alrj., and the tdtu, J''!-™''"'' «'»3fevo^ "o^'tlie possiwL- „f „!. ''^""'' ^"^'"S neither merer d<^»peAteJr until the Z^.TZn- t^L' '"' ''"'^* K '''^" Pa^tj^ were cut to no* HISTORY OF IH«»oeF. Col. Ball was at one time opposed in personal :0. contest lo an Indian of gigantic stature ; it was a doubt- ful and desperate struggle ; tife was at stake ; both ex- erted*^ the utmost, when a dexterous thrust of the .^woft terminated the contest in the death of the Indian. After this terrible example, not an Indian was seen on the east side of the »Sandusky in quest of plunder and blood. The regiment of Gol. Johnson, with the exception of 100, whom Gen. Harrison dismounted, retired into the iiiterior of Ohio, for the purpose of recruiting their horses. Col. Ball's squadron were also dismounted, to act as infantry. ■ On the first of August Gen. Proctor made his appear- ance before fort Stephenson, 18 miles above the raouth of the river Sandusky, His troops consisted of 500 regulara and about 700 Indians of the most ferocious kind. There were but 138 effective men in the gaiTison and the works covered ©ne acre of ground. Major George Croghan commanded the place. The pickets were about ten feet high, surrounded by a ditch with a block house at each angle of the fort ; one of which contained a six pounder ; this was the exact state of the post, at the time the enemy appeared. The first movement made by the eneniy, was to make such a dis- position of his forces, as to prevent the escape of the garrison, if they should be disposed to attempt it. He then sent Col. Elliot with a flag, to demand the surren- der of the fort. He was met by ensign Shipp. The British ofHcei* observed, that Gen. Proctor hwi a num- ber of cannon, a large body of regular troops, and so many Indians whom it was impossible to conti ol, an4 if the t\>rt was taken, as it must be, the whole of tiic g^rii* THE LATE WAR. :L^ son would be massacrefl " of 500, on diffe.en/ i„;^** ^l*? »ame h.„e making two feint,' against the north western 2 J '*'""'' advanced 'eloped in smoke, as no" to to ''"""" '" ""'"P'^^^'j*"" ^PProached within 18 V i^ discovered until it ha,l im HISTORY OF rallied, Lieut. Col. Short, the leader of the column ex- claimed, " come on my brave fellows, wc will give the «Umn'd jankee rascals no quarters," and immediatelj leapt into the ditch, followed hy his troops : as soon as the ditcli was entirely filled by the assailants. Major Croghan ordered the six pounder, which had been mask- «d in the block house, to be fired. It had been loaded with a double charge of musket balls and slugs. Tlii« piece completely raked the ditch from end to end. Thd tirst fire levelled tlie one half in death ; the second and tUinl either killed or wounded every • the defeat of the on«mv 1, '" before the British Generalln.*'" "'^"'" '"'WJanrted deception, and declS '«:'?'«'''''"'"'*'' -'"•»* 2000me„i„ga.,i,„„^;;; »^ t«;.e "''' more than upon tl.e pri.„„er wa, lil f ""= »"»«'' = where- "•^i-ed of in thei..?v, „^:^'."f„ ^' *'- /"•«•«' to he fng f«ct, that this anforZ'* *''* *"'»«>* ^nm. *"•«. and a victim to the fll "**" *^" « "«"V to testimony of seTerll l^T'' "''"*" t"* concurrent f^t the horrihie celSr:;'.!"' "'" ^''■'='""'**^- twice celebrated shortly aAl « "'"« P"""""" w"*" «t Fort Stephenson ^ the repulse of the enemy J^ne American fl'aj*».;«-»». recruited in Ohio and Kentur^ "*'"'"'*'"* »*■ ^''S"'*^'. would saj,« picked ifarrf" *" "' "''•'"' ^^■"'"Iph men is not to be f^nd^S'^'^T-" ^etaCnerset of «l>ic«o«s for humanist as fr'""" *'"''' ""''^ "' '^»"- h their unceasing attentit t^^T* ^'"* '^ P^"^*" «fter their discomfiture n • ^ "'°''°^'^'» ""e^V 'o^eivcd into the fort a^J thor*? !*" "'»"* *''«^- '^«'1»> •" to the fatal p^rt ho e To 1 1 r^'' """^ *» «'"«^ move, they tlLw canteen7nf! ''''"' '''"' ""^'e *<» day after the action ^ ""** "■'"'^''ts. The of the wounded enemy * """'"'*<' «'? ^«^'^'-S^ yeSy V"J';-Wledin the fort ,va. ahoy U defiance ot^he eL':;7?Lr„t;T ''" '"^'"^'^^« tore U from his body anAl ''^' *t'''<=l' " affid a f«^v moments^ ^' ""^ *''" ?»•"■ f«"ov. survived S .Asoldier wasat the qflmn*- %- .^tand, he desired a n.^TJ'"^' '^•°«'«'«' I «naMe to i>^^m fire ofl the ^nemyT" '" '**"' ''^^'"' S^'S', ■"■'2 ■ ■ . 114 HISTORY OF The *ick caught the spirit of their comradea, and crawled to the pickets where they loaded the supernu- merary pieces for the others to fire. There are sereral officers, who equally with Major Croghan deserve great credit for the part they took in •the defence of the fort. When they were asked by th« Major, if they were willing to defend the fort ; they unanimously answered << yes, we will perish sooner than surrender." The names of the most conspicuous arc Capt. J. Hunter, Lieut. Benjamin Johnson, cousin to Col. R. M. Johnson, and Ensign Shipp. The zeal and industry of these officers cannot be surpassed. The ditch into which the enemy rushed, and which was raked by the six pounder, exhibited after the actio* a frightful spectacle. The blood literally stood in puddles at the bottom ; in some places several inches 4ecp. The front side of the block house against which the British and Indians directed their principal fire, was covered with bullet holes. In the gable end alone, the writer of this volume counted upwards of 150 impres- sions of cannon and musket shot. While Proctor and Dixon invested Fort Stephenson, Tecumseh with about two thousand Indian warriors ajiproached fort Meigs. They hovered around the place for iievcral days attempted to pUy off a russe de guerre *p<>R the garrison. They commenced a sham fight in 'i6e woods, about half a mile from the fort, in the direc- iioncf Lower Sandusky; the fire was kept up with great vivacity for some time ; at intervals one party would appear to slacken fire and retreat. This wasdone ^0 indiAce our men to believe that a reinforcement llom ^S%i3ky was endeavoring* to fight its way intoi|iti«>|4^ T bu sal CIi fin( bio ^ Stej Go^ patr volu inva Tl * curn Sept Briti princ cover forac Imi Genei of Po] him w M'Art also re; of Pen In shoi delay ec was vis ed) br( inbloQk THE LATE WAR. ,„ Mlly out to assist th J '' »"'' "•reanxiou.t. findi-gthat their teLelrn^^'"" ^'^■«««"« "^ttr "'••''^•'"^^^^^^^ ' ""''' "■• StcphenVn'lurof To«' "T''"' "^ '''•><=♦»'• *• Fort patriotic pe^;,c„foW„ S f "'''"""' "PP'''" »» *• invaders. Fortunate! vfi!-"*^ • ''°'' *" '"•P"' *« The tide of viSt^ht "'■'""* ^^--enot required. ' current in favor of th^ Am "• """' *° '** *'"• » «'™ng September, C„m„„Zre ""rt" ""!'• *"" *'«' '»* B'ltish forceon Lake Erie t{'"P""''^ *''« ^^olc principal barrier to the conquest of m!?7 """r"'*' "«> covers of the Michigan Tlrrho ° . "'"' *'" '*- f<"; active offensive oper.ti'"s ^' ""'' *"' *'"' »•«•"»« Immediately^ ,11 Z, ^^X* and „ • t>eneral began to concenltl u t P"P»'ati<>n. The of Portage river. Gov ^1 "" ^"'"* »' *'"' "onth Wm with 4000 volnnT /'"'""'"'•" «•'•«'' to join ^'Arthur had aJidirkS, '"="^'"^'=^- '^-'^ a^o reached Upper SandlkrciT,, '".l"- ^^^ ''«•» of Pcnnsj^lvania voluntee s w,, '. *'* " '■''«""'^''t In short about rooo mln '"'^an^ng ftoto Erie. "oiayed iavasi;rof'c\"n:d? V""" '"' *^ '""« was visible in camn ^ . " greatest acffw*, «d J bread bakTd!; l!," "'""' '*'"'''*^'' ' ^eef jel^ « Wook houses ' '" "P"'''""'^ '"'^S^S^ 3eiured ®«,«hc irthSentemW #-».. « ., "-Munteera fi^m K^iiu:;::,^ :f .!^« ''Ij' ^ 40t9 Kentuck^ranivcdatthen:*!, of 116 HISTORY OF f Pwt^ge. This r©rmidablc corps were all moimUd j but '* was deemed best lor them t<» act as infantry. In or- Ui »to secure their horses against escape, it Mas onlj necessary to build a suh^lantiul log fence from Sandusky Bay to Portage river, about two miles distant from each other 5 thi.^ done, the horses were provided with a lux- urient natural past ^re of nearly 100,000 acres. The number of horses lelt on the Peninsula, during the ab- sence of the army in Canada, was upwards of 5000, for tlie most part, of the first size and condition ! •On the 20th, General M'Arthur's brigade, from fort Meigs, joined the main body at Portage, after a fati- guing march of three days down the lake coast, and through a part of the immense prairie that skirts the southern shore of lake Erie from Portage river to within a few miles of Brownstown. In this toilsome march, tlie guides often lost the point of direction as they were struggling with the thick and lofty grass that impeded their progress. Irequently it became necessary, to hoist a soldier until his feet rested upon the shoulders of another, before he could get a view above the top of the grass to ascertain their course. Col. Johnson's regiment remained at Fort Meigs, but had orders to approach Detroit by land. Such of Col. Hill's Pennsylvania detached militia. as chose not to cross into Canada, were ordered to guard the British prisoners, taken by Com. P'^-ry, to'^bili- <50the. The different posts on tl»c Ainencan side of the lake were left in charge of the Ohio militia. Fort Meigs was reduced in its picketing from 8 acres ^o I. \h iieing now ready, the embarkation c^tiic troops commenced at the dawn of day, en the %%t re th« r Oft uav pots P sele* the Meat boats ed to the ea of th( this n With tl The transpi the 22( campcc semi cir The J the enci . in .full V plate thi troops \y *o go on 1 The mer tJie Genej culated to in every c Tie am »«« ^ h TJIE LATE WAS. i^w the want of . .„« • , '"^ th-n one third of t . "riw r"".'".'""' "' ■"**' ""* ■»"• There i. , range „VTsl-^ ? '^ ""''*^'' «' ""-e. pots forbag;age and store,., I,„'"'"{ '''"^*'"*'" <•- '^'ectcdb^thegenev^rastrfi™" T P-*»«^ -« the first „.ge in Ms '.,"1 * P"'"' "^ '^ndezvou, , weather was farorable l ^ ''"" "■« ''ke- The ■--ts reached the i ".d ^ir" "' *"« «"' -J'-ion of "J to take baek fhe boat ^for^^*^r''■**•''^«''«•'^''- the eagerness of the m!„ ! '"''"' '"*''• Such w„ "^. fe whole ar^^rthTthe;;:"'"'''' *"« ««»-k:t7o, th^ regulation bjvolunte XIV' """■'> ""ticipated W'tli the boats. EvervT ^ ""■ *""'' " to return , -^"e fleet of co«S rp™ «>«««*. **"" transporting the bag^ge ^nE^' «'-•« ^hips and wa|.sticaHy to 'h/l! """'' *""»<= rapidly -J'. The reco4c wtl 7»"''t ^ores of the'en { from my ,„e,„o Th ' ^ '"" "*^"- ''e effaced -I animating i/the iiTor't? """"''"^ ^'"'^ S-nd «"• •-•f confidence i„ every * .""'"• '^'""•'' '^«« «» P-tedroran opportun t7to rh: tr"" '''"' ^-^p" '" feats of courage and skiM "" ""''' •"•'''"•en good fortune of otr brave t^ ^'^^^eemed to envy the tj'« fl'ght of the enemy, a ' " . r? ''"" '»"°™"t of %1't,. indeed the belief u" "'""'^•""'y expected a "«t the enemy weret ' eatT*'"" r''"''''^ *'- *™op' S:/'-"'^ Indians as :Su;i.f"T- believed, ^^alden. "''" *^ Aecumseh's were at ^^'e landed in nprf-^f i • >»ile3 below Maiden! tI;?'^': "{ ''***'<' »* ^ P. M. 3^ tJ'" right wing. Ball', if '*'"''^ '"'"'""O'-s formed ,; -enter, tJ.erSwtrtltff-S^"'^'^^''''-- ' a'most instantly in li„, " , t "• ^''« t'oops were d- .lied to marching i„ and It V *, ! *''"*'P^ ''••"' been ">« on the beach. °E e^m f *''" """"^^ "'^ 'o fo„n- -«" --e tl-.e7 masts Sr* e"'" '" '"''^* ^ -" - -"■•ce,that acompanyt uM T/r*^"'"-^ P'-« of bark and for,„ „„ th«beirh.7 ,'"*" »''oat,de- «"' th,t t„„ «i,h„,„ ,,„ ,! 'A '" '«* than one mi,n,te. , A^ we approached Mair" •'""""'"'• ' »ndwar,vl,L„,..!r ^^'''''en, instead of (h, ^•''O'JP 9f tlie Indian ?, a t«e red coats group of well dressed 1^0 HISTORY OF ladies advanced to meet us, and lo implore mercy and protection. They were met by Governor Shelby and Col, Ball who soon quieted their fears by assuring them that we came not to make war upon, women and children but to protect them. The army entered Maiden by several parallel streets and We marched through the town to the thunder of <«- Fankee Doodle,^^ The ruins of the fort and the naval buildings were still smoking. All the loyal inhabitants followed the British army in its retreat. The fort is surrounded by a deep ditch and two rows of heavy pickets : What cannon and small arms they were unable to carry away were sunk in the river. The enemy in their haste had left an 18 pounder in this battery. Three miles above the fort is an Indian village which we found deserted, and so suddenly, that many essential articles of Indian furniture, such as brass kettles, were left in the houses. Here we procured a plentiful supply of green corn, potatoes, &c. This village was notburnt. In the evening after our arrival at Maiden, CoU Ball dispatched an ofliccr and twenty men to prevent the enemy's destroying the bridge across the Aux Connards. The enemy were found on the bridge, having just set fire to it. Our party fired on them ; they dispersed and the bridge was saved. On the 28th we passed the Aux Connards, and en- camped two miles beyond the river, in a neat French settlement. A small party of British horse shewed themselves at the bridge and then scampered off. The next day we reached Sandwich at 2 o'clock in the afternoon.* At the same time time tlie fleet came * Two miles below Sandwich, one of Governor Shel« by's volunteers in the fank gpiard discovered a* Indian THE LATB WAK. ;?P the river to Detroit. TheP. .' ^^' '■"'«•■ below I)c^L a fe ^T"''' "" *'■"= '>«"k of tfe ^ ne Indians diM « ^ i "•"itiiatc4yjftj.gj, , » "J")- fncy hail «„<• »ave death. n,e Tn r .^'^S? trraany conlrf a several month' rf ""' '""^ '"^^ «t fi^e"^ ;"""=*' '■«j;-^eitet'^"^*'"-^--„::iK:^t ■ -lae eneiTiv had a 4- c ^^Mt ti,e /aii. a„4ttil?" """'''"S^ -itluntho P«''''c store, « Jong brick b*??.'"'"''''"^'' ^»«'-e- The »J»red „n,^ in tho^oof An'"^ "•^'''- *« '"'■"rf «L on th •; -;:-«»-^^'-, a«d .rrirz-p. ,ev;^nT '"'" to V HISTORY O^ On the 30tli Col. Johnson's regiment arrived from Fort Meigs : they immediately commenced the passage of the river in boats ;* Gen. M' Arthur with the greater part of the regular troops was charged with the defence of Detroit. It was the general opinion of the inhabi- tants that there were 1000 Indian warriors, under Mar- pot and Split Log, lurking in the woods between the river Rouge and Huron of Lake St, Clair. The friend- ly Indians took several prisoners in the immediate vicinity of Detroit, in less than two hours after w^ landed. On the 2d of October every arrangement was com- pleted for pursuing the retreating British army up the Thames. The force selected for this service, were the inqunted regiment of Col. Johnson, three companies of CoK Ball's legion and the principal part of Gov, Shelby ^s volunteers. From Sandwich to the Moravian towns is 84 miles. We found the roads for the most part good. The coun- try is perfectly level. The advance of the troops was rapid ; so much so, that we reached the rjyer Riscuni, 25 miles from Sandwich, in the evening. The enemy had neglected to destroy the bridge, Early in the morn - * TIi'^ entrance of the mounted regiment into Detroit, presented a fine military spectacle. At 2 P. M. ihe advance of the column' began to emerge from Belle Fontaine, and were visible at thep^t^ccoL.2 miles from the tov. n. The width and mbi^ndH^ihc road gave the military and citizens a full view of i^approach. Both sideii of the street for a congiderable distance, wp-re lined with spectators. Suddenly our ears caught the thunder of 1100 horse in full motion, The whole tcglment was rapidly approachinir ; and in ?k moment, it was in tivj niid^t •!' us upen full spred and ia admira- ble Older. . - . '''' 1£ re th th ar< coi wh l>ii< Thj had T in h squa ^arm ciicaj for v( of thi seven as Dal prairit and fo] son's i tJiough its ban] AtCi •St. Clai bridge t passage, commeii as a flan; arwyhal pounders <^&iii2oa aj THE LATE WAn >ng of tlie S.I, tire General « , ^^' the Thames. Ther.f '"*" ^'''"' S'- t'iair and are unfordable it a c'n"r'lf'=''P ""^ """W^«"<1 ^--trr. A Lieu e,LT«T''r'""' "''""''' '"l» *''« Jj^dges. „e,-e „,ade prison^ ^^ 7' *°''**'™-'- *= rhames; from nhom the r. ,, '^ "'""A ofU.e X-certain info„„"l?-r ^0^*" ^"^"'^ - ''-'^. ;.4cl l;"^^^^^ '■'■- I>otroit ^quaJron. I„ (h^ evt-ninir S. , '="'"»"><''''e Perry'* «"•", eight m,le, fiom i"fe .'' "'"•7™^'='' »t ^rale's for vessel, of con.idoraU; t . '''' '"*•''"' '^•""g-i'le of the ba, at its mo ,!l '""'' "''"■"• "'c passaw -- feet .atet S'^„ f^' J'-- - ReneiZ - Dai-n's, be!o.v wh ih'I ttt "''' '"'''"' "^ f- P'-^'^e, and at once farolbJe f! •'' '^""* ^""''""^'d •"J for the co-operationTthi J,„ r?'"'-^ '"''^««'»" ^^,»"'« tl.e aspeci „f the I, I^k "''• ^''«'v« Dal- ««'«ghBti,ldeep,i3 not„:'(j'l7-' "-m,,^ •ts banks high and xvoodv """''" ^'''''Jm' We, a^u ''--'dge taken np and the enemv „'■ '! "' '"""'"^ ^^^ P»^ge, and up„„ t,,, arrTvaUf tl^'V" ''^P-'-^ ""^ eommenced a heavy n,-, TaZL ' advanced guard as a flank fi™ fro.^ ^.^ X^,^ »fP«-^'te bank a! S' army halted ,„.,,„....''."«''* ^ank of the river 'r. -'"«pair;d";;7e;Tr ::;*■••/ T- ^'^^■' ■ ■ ponndera. The In-^^lt T,"' "'^ " Are from 1. eauBe* uii retired. ^01. Johftson keiiim ^a the rigl^j. i24 HISTORY or had seized the remains of a bridge at M'Gregor^g millS) under a heavy fire from the Indians. He lost on this occasion, 2 killed and 4 wounded. The enemy set fire to a house near the bridge containing a considerable (juantity of muskets ; the flames were extinguished and the arms saved. At the first farm above the bridge wc found one of the enemy's vessels on fire, loaded with tirms and ordnance stores. Four miles higher up, the army took a position for th6 night 5 here wc found two other vessels and a large distillery filled with ordnance and other stores to an immcnlse amount, in flames. Two M pounders with their carriages, were taken, and a large quantity of ball and shells of various sizes. The army was put in motion early on the morning of the 5i]\. The General accompanied Col. Johnson ; laov. Shelby followed with the infantry. This morning were captured 2 gun boats and several battcaux loaded "xvith provisions and ammuiiition. At 9 we had reached Arnold's mills, where there is a fording place, and the only one for a considerable distance. Here the army; rrossed to the right bank ; the mounted regiment fording, and the infantry in the captured boats. The passage though retarded for want of a eufficient number of boat3, was completed by twelve. Eight miles above the ford, wc passed the ground where iha British force had encamped the night be- fore. The general directed the advance of Col. John- jion'g rcgim'entto accelerate their march, for the purpose of ascertaining the distance of the enemy. The officer commanding it, shortly after sent word back that hit progress was stopped by the enemy, who were foriied- across his line of ' march. One of the enepy's wa|g6n- ers was taken prisoner, from whom the Oencral obtain^ ed mttch useful inforrtiaticn. ^e, re THE LATB Wak. ISS T" ^""'^^ 'iT the Moravm Tmvn. 'ian to"^ a\Tj^ro:;:?'L' ■''''- "f «- Mora. I'asses through an nn»„ k ,. ^ ""^"'y- The road . '7, within ai:v?r rtt"' ""''''' '""'*'«--'■ Moravian vilWe t1 '^""''" ' "'''«=' ''«='''^v the P«ralel with the "rivtr fn'™'""""'''''? '"°'''«^« ™n f'^t, at the distan lof "no ''"f^':'^' «tent. The 1'-a'terof a mile Jk: «^"f'*« ^'''ond, about a few Indians, occuoedfh!".' '''**'-«Pe'sed with a »Pa.t, from the riv to thf fi ":'' '" *"" ""*=' ^« »'=''-^ tv^o iron carriage 1^ Tj/I '""""P- «'^ ^rassand of this short linl ^The In , ^T^ '" ''"'^'•*»* P*'** f at the first swampi S't" T "'"''""'« «=•>-»"«»«. Jov.n its margin abfjtT,™"'' r' ^^-'"i' "tending -r-ff ''oHovvsq„are!'"£'[" .• f *' i™%- th.s order a.nounted to from t J^^Zl""''' '^^'"^ '« *he command of recuLsd. *v f" *'""*'"' ""de- ««.er daring chiefs, xle Biy''"'-'"-"'^-"-^'- and '« the first line a:«o„„t«, tf I'V^f ''^" "»'• ^»'^«''« PO^'t.on, the order ofTatae an". T ^"='' -"« *■••« «"e'".V. A deep river on ,le /eft ^ , """""^"' «*" «'« tie swamp on tl.e right. "' *" ^'^ost impene^^. amitTnooo'Len.Sr'' '•''.''*"• »''^-»» milt tHeenem,, position' S'r „? T "' ^*-^"' «f ««»««, not the half of th; *:.?!"''"'.'-. »**"'•« of the ;^e. Toturn the enemv /n"!. k?" '"^'"^ *° '"'- La to «t(aclc in 126 HISTORY OF /rout, and that without cannon. To advance to the combat on foot in regular order, was to render a serious loss of lives certain, and success doublfUl. Tlie decisive mind of Harrison did not permit him to hesitate. A plan of attack, at once bold and original was instantly conceived ; wliich was to overwhelm the enemy with consternation, and paralize his energies, by an unexpected and irresistible shock. For this purpose the mounted regiment, which from the active nature of the service it had previously per- formed, might he termed the veterans of the army, wag drawn up in close column in advance, with ordei*s to charge and Iveak through the British line. Gol. John- son, had, however, a discretion either to attack the British with his whole force, or with one battalion, re- serving the other for the attack of tlie Indian line. The Kentucky volunteers, under M^. Gen. Henry, formed close in the rear of Johnson's regiment, in three lines extending from the ifiver to the first swamp. Gen. Desha's dSarision covered the rear of the left battalion of Johnson's re^ment. In the rear of Henry's division Col. Simral Avas placed with a reserve of 500 Ken- tacky volunteers. Gov. Shelby was at the crotchet formed by the intersection of Generals Henry and Desha's divisions. Gen. Cass and Com. Perry volun- teered as aids to Gen. Harrison, who placed himself at the head of the front line of infantry to direct the move* mcnts of the mounted men and to give thern the neces- sary support. Such was the general order of battle; Now for the disposition pf the mounted regiment. Col. Johnson perceiving that there'was not sufficient room for his whole regiment, increased r__ r. 1 1.-^, tetn to 1100 men, to act advantageously aga:ast:i '.^* Br chs he ( the line the I atlvfl unde iine ] talior ing t\ iire at coil ai was w ofdoal ^ Col. Strick( swamp 2d battj ^vith ar 'larht CO Thed America t^^eene2n lirmies w £ile«ce si *ound of 1 ^"enceine Iain in a fire of: u ^«e che^k^ iind irresi,^; '^HE LATE WAH he divided the regi„,;"t,2l ''""'"^- Accordi„gl ' he first battalio/and t Sf *r *•'''' '"•»"'*»^ ^ ime to his brother, Lieut cZj '^T^''* *'"«' B^tish *he other battalio,^ in petso. t "'! ^''"'°" ' '^-din* "»e parallel withihe enel rfr"^ T** ?'"««' '•« » **'•<>»• This line l,«d tie do'ul r. ""^ *''* «"* •'«t.- «gthe attention of the e'e" i''''7"*;S'="^'J-tra.t,. "'•eand maintaining the .roun7f TV '"'«?'»««?« «o'I at the British fire, (mTf ^ '""■'"' «'^»«'d «J- -- -ealc, but was su^ f""; *''« f^'-) The C, »' doabJe tiles ,vith intenaU „f T' "'"^'^"^ '="''"»"» Col. Johnson also di? i """^ than 6Q pucc S*"cker and extend' r^"" T ""''' """^'^'-Sk -amp pa,,„e, withll i;.'"?. *''* «'-^* *» 'h* «ecoS fl hattalion, .hie,. ,e oi'^j" ''^ "» "^ >^ perceived the daring tZ'?'''- *•*<""""« * -ounds, tempting to rally his sav-'f '""wanding and at. h» horse to„ardshrinf I' *'""• ^e instantly p„t •-^'"' - he appro e".i'''7''<" "^ Tecumseh i^; tf » drawn weapon, a sword «; , T'^'"^ '"'»'"«=«'> *Jta *)>« Colonel havi'„,rrse^°,rf«'vk, at which instal ;»ntago„istdeadafhrfrt ^if?'"'"'* •"■" f^rocipul '^cv.as almost faintin. WtS '"** '^^ """"'^"* ."■SU-hof^wounds. S Sj"^^ f Wood and the ^^e Iwrae several rods to fV' *"*"!*^«'« ^de his bleed-' "- helpedfrom his ho le t'.T-''' "" ''"'=' -^et. The death of TeculTh """ediately died. P-aMe loss. Tk^yZ^^Zw '^^ '"'"'"'^ "" ^- Onued obstinately to dis„ Jf'!. ^^''^ """^ ' >»•* eon. ^able distance. iequXtll' ^'■°""' '"' * '=°»-'"^-^m- 132 HISTORY OF the whole of Cel. Whitley's command were dismount- ed in ten minutes, by death or wounds, or horses shot under them ! Theobalds, by order of Col. J. never dis- charged his piece, keeping it in reserve for a case of necessity, if it should occur. , Lieut. Logan wa? mortally wounded. He lived in honor and died gloriously, regretting his death only be- cause he left a wife & several children to mourn his fate. A young printer of the name of Mansfield, was also mortally wounded. Joel Johnson and others were p^nxiqus to place him in a place of security, as the battle still raged. But he would not consent to be removed, paying " I shall die in a few minutes, return to the charge »^nd a;ain the victory that I may die in peace," The mounted regiment was greatly indebted for its extraordinary discipline to the indefatigable exertions. Jf)f Lieut. Col. James Johnson, brother to the Colonel, who has always been remarkable for military discipline, He is about 38 years of age ; has been in several expe- ditions, even while a boy, against the indians living on Jthe Wabash, and has served in many civil situations in ^|£entucky, which has given Irim celebrity and standing. He was first a magistrate, then sheriff of Scott county, and afterwards senator in the legislature of Kentucky. He had two promising sons in the action ; The eldest named Edward a few months above 15, and William, 14 years of age. Such was the ardor of these young Spartans, tliat the olTicers had frequently to restrain their eagerness; they were both mounted and often among the first in pyriiuit. The youngest is tiow a cadet at West Point. Maior Duval Pnvnp. nf fho Isf l^aHfllinn. iiifimif<} ^ .. _ ..^.__^ __ — _ . „ coalldciicc vvherevor he appqared. Hp is pow a|)out 5^ per aga off thrc ted M ©ntl iacet seco] line { instaj -actioi «ge,J andS, Biild, ] Cap »nount( inferioj %htii}r and res stantly pie was ^n ever^ ^achmen * time w to his We Capt. J horse, an< ^e loss, men; his their brJiv. THE LATE WAR. ISS against them; he succeeL " '"' '" "" «l>cditioa «f his gu„,tomahawk aids ","■?"» '"^^''^''g«= ^^ thrown the Indian sIveAhin^""? '"'"■"-"' »"«^ ''^^^S Major Tho»,nr ' ""'"gonist .' --"d swamp, h.^rreXiV''"; '"""*' ^"* *'- -e^f the Indians, p..^:„^,;^^^^^^ "gc, Justice of the P^ce Cnf„ ?",^ "'"' ^<^m^^ of ''nd Senator in the Kentlt ^ , ,* ""'""^ '•^'»«'« Captain Jacob Stiick^. I ^•"'" "^ Penl. """■nted line i„ front^f »I, ^'»™«n«'ed the dis- "•ferior to Tce«mseJ i.rl- r ''"""' '"*«'''«•"> »=-' n^ %h««g men of Kent ^v '""' '""""« *« "'1 ^Nia^ «"d reserved, excnt in h'^^rT'^^^^^^^tacitur, ^f«ntly Chang sXlt' " "" ""^'^^''-"- '* « eve.7 directiof Het Jo "'? ^"^^"^ ""^^ heavd' *»<;h™ent to Col. Jolmson ™ ^"T, "^ '"^'' ''»'' hi. at. « -e when he hadg eTuTe '"" '"'" *^'« «^''' -* ' *" hi, ,vell earned fame '^ "P^'^tation of addin. --i^icei s iviiew tiieij ilA It?. '''■Ave captain lav Mpprii«" "''"' ^"^^ 5 and whiJe S14 MiSTOUYOF Capt. James Coleman and men «lid not less distin- guish themselves. After Col. Johnson was screrelj wounded, he ordered these companies to dismount and Strengthen the line of battle, under Strieker, animated *»y the voice of Capt. Coleman, th^ most determined coui age was displayed. Major Thomson's column was composed of Captains Rice and Cor^ib's companies. Capt. Rice was without his superior hi bravery or discretion. He was not less distinguished than Strieker for his early and gallant con- tiuct in numerous battles with tlie Indians. Capt. Combs, a man of S5, had fought under General W^ayne, as a private volunteer, and whose looks and lemarkable large whiskers struck the spectator with strong impresslftWjf his firmness and bravery. Captains M'C^TEUison, Matsx)n and Hamilton of the 1st battali««I "o* circumstance was very muT"^ '" *''" *''<=«'"'• ThW that met the enemyoXJftr?!!' ''7 *«■»• ThoJ -Ives. From SaL^il' ttt^r '"»«--'-<» t^W,- reater part marchad on hot It ^'""^" '"^^ *« '-as almost incredible. VuTtw;? " '"P'*'"^ that at their head. •""'*''«"• ""ble Governor ,va» The Indians foueht brar»l» „ j '»-• Sixty fi.e v: ri™-^, "t rr ' -^ ^*'"°- ground. Their total loss ir LI „'?'''*"*'^ ''*tlle fi- Six Americans and tltn v t '"^''t^'""^' '^''•""'- •n twenty yards where ll!?^ ■ ""* ^"''"'"^ f'" "ith- t^fsofbloodalmostLSert,:: "^^ f""*" -<• the Ai«r.>,„.^i._ . . . "^*^'^^" tile ffround- Sarati i^ntigh at Bern -.y ■^•-u-na.edat„e.;oi;,;HrrLr again 136 HISTORY OF recovered. Maj cowardice never again bt entrusted with their defence. About 5000 stands cf arms were also taken between the moutl|iof the Thames and the MotaTian town. The day after the battle, a part of the army took pos- session of the Moravian town, which was deserted, b^it where was found most kinds of vegetables in abundance^ which were very acceptable to men who had subsisted several days on fresh beef without bread or salt. Ex- tensive corn fields afforded an excellent range for the hoif ses. So panic struck were the Indian women at the advance of the troops to the town, that some of them actually threw their young cKildren into the Thames, to prevent their being massacred by the Americans J* The flight of the Indians from the town was so sud- den, that their kettles were yet boiling over their fires. The town was destroyed by the troops previous to their leaving it. Among the reasons assigned to justify the measure, it was all edged that these Indians had been among the foremost in massa^^reing our men at the river Raisin, and, that the town, if it were spared, would afford a convenient shelter for the British allies durihg ihe winter, and fiwn which they cduld easily pass into the Michigan territory to plunder and, murder the k« habitants. Gen. Proctor abandoned his army at tlie very moment Johnson's bugle sounded the charge. An escoi-t of 40 dragoons and a few cowardly Indians accompanied him. A few of Gov. Shelbey-s men who had procured horaei, pursued him : and at one time were within IQO yai'd* * I had this fact from an American gentlemanj who was at Oxford, when Froetor and the indiauS t'SSSCu through there on their way to Burlington heights. lh« sqiihrws were then bi'-wailing th« logs of then' chiKlr^n. on His CO I swo The T of 3 havii the T its m At India shift] \Hth I town, half a a nee g living, ly rais She wi r^esses Shelby and ho and of Whij Thames amies a suspens the sami ^bo arcj er Britis andchih l^ftavipr isr THE LATE WAH. ,gj, f word and paper, ftHinto r/ha'dflfT-™^'.' ""'"''*■ having no orders tn» "'• t^"'- "aiHson ^ *!,„ " "raers to advance to Burli-io-f.^™ i • i . , • *»rj the way of Grand River ord^.„,» ,, "'"g'"" '^'g''*' b/ its march back to Detroit '""'"^ *' '""""^^^^ Inct„*X«tv:it"T^ "■'•"* °^ «>« Thames, an 'fith her. On the rLrniff ' ^'^'■' "'''' ■''^mail.a' town, they were found nt? ""^^ ''""' *''« ^''-vian half a n.ife fro JX' "si/ "'""^' ** *« ''''*-«« of •-e she had been deal ^t^eXs^T' ^- f" ^''P^'"- hving. WhenourmenoJ r ^ ' *® S"' was still 1/ ™sed her hands and rtirt' ^'^ 'P"*' ^''^ '"■'*->'*- She was taken to Dctroif l ^^u'"'''''''''*^'^ " ''«»* •'" ^essexciteduniversa ";;;;";"• f" ''"' ^I-"*''*^'" Shelby's corps took her t„ f ' * f °'^"'' '''' ^"vernor '"•d honorable intent on of Tl ' "'"' "'<= '^"'"''"^ 'fh2^Soia^chi^ """"'"« Proctorupth. amies and Kikanoo ^P*^""^' ^»"°vv«tamies, .Mj.' ^pension of hoSeftT' '" '''="• *^-^'^'-^« the same tomahawk wi h'the a"^"'' '" " ^""^ ''"^J # whoare,9rmaybeene^S^* .^""t""*"* »°d strike all - BritisK or ^Oi^T^^^ ^-rte, States, whett and children and .«:,.^ 1 '^ ""'"''S'''^ i" their won,.,. NKavior. -"''" "*«« ^'^ •''OBtage-s for their c^ood f M 2 f38 HISTOKY OF The arraj returned to Detroit. Capt. Elliot, of the Nia^ra, rolunteered his services to command a naval expedition against Michilimackinac and Fort St. Joseph ;" hut the weather proving unfavorable for a number of days, the season became too far advanced to risk the squadron on lake Huron, till spring. Lieut. Le lireton arrived at Detroit on the 15th bear- ing a flag, and a letter from Gen. Proctor to Gen. Harri- son. This letter requested humane treatment to the prisoners and a restoration of certain property and paperatakenon the 5th. As the letter was addressed to the (General, " at Moravian towns," he saw no reason: fmJfue Breton's journey to Detroit, and ordered him to join Gen. Proctor by the way of Buffalo and Fort George. After the return of the commander in chief to De- troit, Walk-in-the-water, who had been in the battle of the Tliames, came in to implore peace. When he cross- ed from Sandwich, the white flag which he bore in, his iiand had attracted a great crowd to the wharf, all anxious to get a near view of the distinguished chief. I was struck with admiration at the firmness and apparent nonchalance with which he ascended the bank and pas- sed through the ranks of the Kentucky volunteers, whom he had so gallantly opposed in battle but a few 4ays before. I never saw more real dignity of carriage Qc a more striking firmness of countenance. Yet his s»itu- ation was calculated to depress his spirits and produce humility. His town was in the power of the Ameri- cans ; the British were all taken 5 the Indians had- just •uttered a signal defeat 5 almost all the other chiefs had submitted 5 he was without the means of living or re- nistance ; stilfhiB^manner was that of a conqueror. A few days after Proctor's defeat, the town was so ifWl issue of rationftto tliemdtd? i BeeBwtkfe savages, not keep pace with their w« ani so] had and slai aeni twe; ofia] G teen cam( wont was i Whis pouni bushe were J about Booth on wit Oni posahU sailed ) secreta ed Gei territor svrrend left witl hundrec dustriou thefortk %theti THE LATE WAR. y^, had been thrown inlo«f' • P-f-ifaction, which and devoured! the! llaT' T ^'"'^'''"^ P'^'^^'^ "P slaughtered by the pubKl h,1 k'" '"*"■"'' •'^*« =='«'* twenty horses in a drovp LIv n . ""® counted «*ars of the si::;te:;^ir '^-"^ «'-<»-*«'' with^e Gov. Shelbj's corps and the twelve ™„nf. • . teer., were all honorably dischaled """*''^/»'«»- came safe, and business at Defro t bt^^^'' ''"^ "'•" wonted course but*l,«- T •""•'San to resume its was exhorbit;;^fo?ltCt:™ "' ''"' '^"'"^ Whisky sold at 4 doHs/ iCS'?"' "^ -^' pound, cheese 60 do • buttTrV . "* ^^ ^*"*« * werealso about SOOrtheTnJ«K?''r^'^* '•''«'>"«' - about 2000 Indians l! ■"'«*•«»'»*« of Michigan, and »o other meansSbSnT'' A^ «"""-»-*« "ad on with a sufficient suDDlvnf^ Adventurer^soon cam*. pmble regular tront! ^^''^T '''* "" ^'' «>»- sailed forl„«y!;r;bTdfe^f»» board **> ««** "»* secretary of war. Cvl, t„, 1" ^' "''*'"•' '"'•»■» ^h" *<« eenfcass provisloral Gn'"""*'""-*' '«' "PP^nt- territoryj the cWl H "' "^ *" ^'^^higan .--f : werf rrnit--" t"' r «""^^ left with abo«t one thonoan^ ®*"'- '^**« ^-M hundred of whom'' ^Tetre' ""iT"' *'"^*'* dustnouslT employed in « - "^ ^^^ w«re in- IKJd m *r«^o..-.:_^ '^^'^^ ^^10 schooners wer^ ^-•--;rdZv:E'' 'r ^""^ -'• «^-... *?? campaign closed* 149 IIISTORV OF 1* . ' Mi- Naval Battle on Lake Eric* I .N the spring of 1813, the Caledonia brig and four amall schooners were repaired at the navy yard, half a mile below Black Rock. At the same time four gun- boats and two 20 gun brigs were building at Erie, , "yhe command of these little squadrons was given by Commodore Chauncey to Commodore Perry. But to meet the enemy, whose force was superior, with any prospect of success, it was necessary that a junction of the two divisions should be formed. To prevent this, the Queen Charlotte and Lady Prevost were cruising betw^^nErie and Buffalo. Fortunately, however, he eluded their vigilance and passed them with light ves- sels in the night, unperceived. '■\t-' Arrived at Erie, Lieut. Ferry used every exertion to expedite the building, equipment and sailing of the brigs 5 and early in August the whole squadron was ready to sail. , But it was necessary to pass the bar at the entrance •f the harbor of Erie, over which there was but %ix feet water and the two brigs Lawrence and Niagara ibrew nine I Many entertained an opinion that it would be impracticable for our squadron to get out, especially, as the British fleet appeared off the harboir, for the purpose of preventing ours from getting over the bar; 1 ne H^eans smpioyeu to get the hea'/y ungB eve? k^ bar; deserve meBtion. Two large scows, «» an as- the bar. "^ '^**'' '^'^ •"'•^'<'<» them to float over * well directed fi^e frol f?r*"'' "'^ ^l-* ''"''<»•, but the town caused th;rn"m'°T'"'°'':"« '""'*^ ''«1'»'' distance. The .«spS':pp''^* '■»''" ™«Pectfi* pass into the open lake "^P*"*^'^ Was seized t» -re notatthis tLel!r„*2,f ''r"^"^ ^«^* »an the fleet. Howeve Till *'i"" *"*'Sk t* fitia having .olunretred' t^^^'J^^r^'^-^'^^ than seeking a^ ■Maiaen. He arhorfd ;fl^r " f *" "'»'"=««» of -d had an inS^^eT w.^*tT* "' '""^'^ "'^ him witl> about seventy vol, :*""'''''" '""""hi*. • ♦"ckians, to servearmirin f "' P"°'=iP«"r Keo^ Bobbin, i; the Ohio r"l°^'r' *'''"*'**• C«P^ ■ P-'^visions. The Zeltl h»H k "*""* *» ^"« f«r ^f. "*= -^"leiia had been laff *i /- '~-^^^^ io man her i?^«i • - — ^ «-"««; lor want 14^ HISTORY OF at Maiden, consisted of six sail, and mounted sixty &ix guns. ': ' ■ ' ' ,v^ Com. Perry appeared before Maiden, ofTcred battle, reconnoitered the enemy and retired to Put in Bay, thirty five miles distant from his antagonist. Both par* ties remained a few days inactive 5 but their repose wasi * that of the lion. On the morning of the 10th of September, at sunrise, , the enemy were discovered bearing down from Maiden for the evident purpose of attacking our squadron, then at anchor in Put in Bay. Not a moment was to be lost. Our squadron immediately got under way and stood out to meet the British fle«t, which at this time had tlie 'weather gage. At 10 A. M. the wind shifted from S. W. to S. E. which brought our 6quadrt>n to windward. The wind was light, the day was beautiful-— not a cloud •bscured the horizon. The line was formed at 11, and com. Perry caused an elegant flag, which he had private- ly prepared, to be hoisted at the mast head of the Law- rence ; on this flag was painted in characters, legible to the whole fleet, the dying words of the immortal Law- rence l"^' DbN'T GIVE UP THE SHIP." Its cffcct 18 not to be described— every heart was electrified. The crews cheered— the exhilerating can was passed. Both fleets appeared^ager for the conflictjon the result of t" tfech so mudv depended. At 15 minutes before 12, the Detroit, the headmost ship of the enemy, opened upon the Lawrfence, which for ten minutes was obliged to sustain a well directed and heavy fire from the ene- my's two large ships, without being able to returnit with caronades : at five minutes before 12, the Law* ^-li.A n^ViAT* vAacAld WMl4>i renceop^ed upoii tae eneiiij^ ordered to fupport her, but the wind wafiat too boH bcci t\it tanc a sn Ai the I took. como] Niag,i theLj Elliot •comnic »choorj Atf for clo jured^ ; to pass ahead o vest, po starboar from th( The sm and can! structive fary— .th( ^nd seve confusioi] enemy ii ^l^outt Jca%agQ y^ iBMlrl(Hte THE LATB WAR. , ^00 ligTit to enable them to come UD Pv. u f-owline of the Lawrence beTn.T u ^ •""* *»«• Nia«.ua. J„.t as he ZLThttTelrt !? *"'. the Lawrence came down ; (l,„ . ,^®f «'' the flag of. commodore, by yoluntJZTv^ * *"''«« "f th« "chooners ,; JcLle 11^ ''" ^""-^^ *° ^ng the iure.1, and her crew fr.fV.l! 1» '"f ""'^ ''"'« '»• to pa. thro„gh ti.e enem^t^r^:::':: -'f ""'"''•' al.ead of the Detroit, Oueen rf ' . .f '''"^'^ P"'^"** vost, pouring a terrible rM^'' *"'* ^'"^^ ^^«- starboard g^ns! anTo^ chf "*" *"" '''"» *•«» from the larboard side thT"''^ '""^ '''^^^ ««'*> The small vessels t ti^is time ha'"'" ''""* '"^*''"-- and canister distance, tot „T.?ff* «itl.i„gr.p. structive fire. The llf ^ ''*" '''™"**'' '"«' de- ftry-the Queen dSue "hT-'^^r'' ^th^e greater and several of her ple£lX^^'°'*'*'-^^^^^^^ confusion got fouloKfirl"""'^- " ""'^'^ en^-nj in their turn lad fo .!/ V '"'»««»' ^h* wiftoutthcpowerof ;:iir.i^if ^---d^^-fi- j^»*ag« y.as horribkwhe'fla^s 'ofT' T? ^*^''='« *** 144 HISTORY OF i» tessioiK The brig Hunter and schooner Chippewny, were soen compelled to follow the example. Tl»c Lit- tle Belt attempted to escape to Maiden, but she was pursued by two of the gun boats and surrendered about (liree miles distant from the scene of action. The writer ef this account, in company with five others arrived at the head of Put in Bay island on the evening of the 9th, and had a view of the action at the distance of only ten miles. The spectacle was tndy grand and awful. The firing was incessant for the space of three hours, and ciontinued at short in- vals for forty minutes longer. In less than an hour af- ter the battle began, most of the vessels of both fleets were inv eloped in a cloud of smoke, which rendered the issue of the action uncertain, till the next morning, when we visited the fleet in the harbor on the opposite Ride of the island. The reader will easily judge of our solicitude to learn the result. There is no sentiment more painful than suspense, when it is excited by tl»e uncertain issue of an event which so deeply affects the national interest. If the Wind had continued at S. W. it was the inten- tion of Admiral Barclay to have V arded our squadron ; for this purpose he had taken o.. board his fleet about 200 of the famous 4l3t regiment; they acted as ma- rines and fought bravely, but nearly two thirds of them were either killed or wounded. The tarnage on board the prizes was prodigious— they iust have lost 200 in killed, besides wounded. The sides of tli j Detroit and Queen Charlotte were shattered from bow to stern ; there was scarceb room to place one's hand on their larboard sides wit^at ching the irepressioii of a »Hot:r? S^^** P*^ ^^ TUT wai can inai sooi T onb had awaj him. pese mdee prese rence «trucl passec than his wi niainei blow. a wouj he coil self, p sho', a thrust ] Inth and fav very mi sequenc manage, and in ] yas the ing sign speakina ■^^ .' C i :*•• -i* THE LATE WAR '•ad but nine men fit f„r ,Iufv , ■ ^ '"'" '*''"'='' "''c It was Pprrv'u 1^* fjvay from bis siX' so. .cTa?'"!^-/- ''<=« '"=" "wept ""m. One of (bese iS„n/ ?• '?''" <=»nversina wiSf Fesence of mind tbi?n fv,-^ ''."'''"^^ "'ecoolnetsZ I ■ndced througbout the ^, .„': f l?.'"""? "'« "fficer Z present dangers. The seconH r •'"« "'«•" *« jcst wUh •ence, whill standing besZ r^'""**"""' »f «•<= Cw. "ti-uckm thebreastKv. . ■^""""•"'o'e Perrv tTj '^wltst'^r? 't tr'^'-fe tft„3ot| --n(^4 r jr -z/ -inTt ritf ^ el/ ™' k'1 ■"= hurt VtH^'len "';'''' ""^ '«■'' him - f e». put his hand into hi, „''e'"^nant coming to him sho. and exclaiminl « n„ « "'"i P""''"" '"" the cuTn tbrus,t with great i„„r^?>h"t this is ^y sh^ " In tbe course of the aV^;!^' t '"'' I^<:k«t. and favorite sail«^ i ™''" ' <"ry nofipA,) „ • vervn,„„u ^a'ler, who wascanra;„ „/• " " P'lme ^eiymuch embarrassprf ,.^+k i " " "' ""c of the n-imt, sequence of the fore S w '"' P ''^e, which, p^"^' ^anageable and ret: L r^'C'l^"' ^^ r^tK:*, "- thett^?' Tr«'i -nner^Sr;:^'^^ •»e figns of i, Litr';'^:fir * ^'•' ^^''^ had beeTsll'' .$ #. 146 HISTORY OF sides were completely riddled by the shot from the long guns of the British ships. Her deck, the morn- ing after the conflict, wh€n I first went on board, exhib- non ball struck him in the breast, passed througli him, and he fell dead without a groan ! Lieut. Yarnall, of the Lawrence, behaved throughout wif^gUbrav^^^ coolness. He was dressed as a comLn seamanf a red bandana handkerchief^^ round his neck, and another roimd his head, to stanch iivci wmmds which he had received. From these me bCd"tru:d down his face, and - ¥f;,l^S nassed through his nose, it had swelled to a hedious Kitude^n this frightful plight, looking hke the ve^genius of carnage and ill luck, he came up to Per- >ery genius oit and bloodiest of the fight, and an- 7o«ncedto Mm fta?aU Srofficers of "f iv-o„ -re ImU Perrv ordered others m their place, bhortly ^^^^^r:^ i!^ ofn^^^end^avor^to make outhy yoUlf, 1 1-e no more to f--l>J«- ,^^,,,, p.^- One circumstance whic ^ «iry ^^ sentiment VKular mention. It has in " =" , , ^^ , belongs to that is ab5^:f '<=»'^™°" ^;';',ep"ng h^^^^^^^^ s1,me. poetry, ^^^cn, the s^^eep«» ^^^ ^^^^^ times m*de a i».-'>l^'^;«' j^„,^^^ ^n^.^y aro^md to aro-andas n, «^e su.v i„to the r places, ftrry— a.'id tlien siep].^ follows that lay woun- mencvcv ho ooUe. =^ ;'- f-Jg'\, ^Iwayl ^foimd ded and wekeiu^g t i -^ ^n^ tJieir eves fixed on mirf.es UrMd. ^if^^^Z^L heigliten jranaei, ana uit; j ^ ., Lawrence to s -dT-t *v neii ^ r}}^lTJtZ\^. Lawrence to shiftl^; tway my brave bays I" S( cheering' } earnest as he ft ail THE LATE WAR. ,47 i'ted a scene that defies description— for it was lit. erally covered with blood, which was still adheringt the plank m clots-brains, hair and fragments of bones, though the balls whistled round him !,<. ^«„m "^l down. '* Constitution, absolutel/heW^ o„t\fi:[erde:k^a1ano^JT'''''^''^«^^^ -<» -- guns, seeing^^n WsCn r/ot do^n^^trn."?' T "' *''« more men " Such waa +i,« • -j ' - ' A^^^ JWf* ^ome/ vailed amoig aUrankrthev had ?«.?''w"''^^ *'"^'- 1"^' pistol shot, so that every Ih„fcoXbe'^r,;"";'» '"''<" from one to the other. The cr^wif *t "J?*'?ttly seen unable in their crippi;d sUte to sta„d td'^'i^ ^'T'"'' Niagara ran below; but their nnfc 7 . ""^ ^^'^ ^ t'w mt-ned on deck, Ld Perrylw h[^"r''*''"°'""^''«^ '«- panion way, with his fer^L k^ »"« leaning on the cgrn- CfareathisKL te^^^eS,' ^'^S^^ fixe«- tan canvass, he ordered his men to fire Commodore engaged in the 143 HISTORY OF were still sticking to the rigging and sides. The sur- geons were still busy with the wounded— enough ! hor- ror appalled my senses. thickest of the fight, he proposed to the commander of another small vessel, to board the Detroit ; the other, - Ii0w6ver prudently declined the rash but gallant propasal. The boatswain of the Ariel was among the killed; no tooner had he fallen upon deck, than a Spaniard who had often received the rope's end from his hands, kneel- ' ed down by the side of his dead body and began to drink his blood, to satiate his vengeance, articulating « beunos /" '^^odP^ This monster did not long survive his repast of numan blood. * The only tkie that the coolness and self command of Pelrry expemnced any thinglike a shock,was on seeing his young brother, a midshipman, knocked ddwnby a hammock, which had been driven in by a ball. In the momenta vy aj!;ony of his mind he gave him up as slain, but had the delight to see him rise up perfectly unhurt. Perry &peaksmghly of the bravery and good conduct of the negroes, who formed a considerable part of his crew. They seemed to be absolutely insensible t6 dan- ger. When Captain Barclay came onboard the Niagara and beheld the sickly and particolored beings around him, an expression of chagrin escaped him, at having been conquered by such men. The fresh water service had very much impaired the health of the sailors, and crouded the sick list with patients. We shall close these few particulars of tliis gallant and romantic aft'air, with the affecting fate of Lieut. Brookes of the marines. It presents an awful picture of the scenes which the warrior witnesses in battle 5 his favorite companions suddenly cut down before his eyes 5 those dreadful transitions from the flush of health and the vivacity of youth, to tht ghastliness of agpnized tleath ; from the cheering and the smile, to the shrink T-.nA i\\0 r.nnviilfiion= imated vounc officer. Brookes was a gay youni ble for his beautv. In the midiet of the engage] THE LATE WAR, ^^^ r«I a»a expressed a ho^ thaXTifertllt^^ accosted Perry in a <5n* 'f i "^ countenance, and was mS somp I'* * r"" °" •>" the enemy, when a cannon balCrlt^- "'?'"•"*• "bout and dashed him te the ODno^wi t*?'=^'»'» '» the thigh. Wow shattered him d^ullv /n' I «°' *''? '*"''• The forced from him the most ti^iif-^ *''* ''"'•'«n anguish implored Perry to sho^?li„ "",'"» exclamations." He ture 5 the latteVdirected some' of ?h* "" ^"^ *" ^is t"- " him below and consign &%!*'''' '"•■^"«« *» ^arry was rendered m«re a&ctb^ bv ' '^t""' ^^e sceni boy of twelve years of^iy ? ^^e .conduct of afculatto was carrying cSges?fon^^T.'*^ of Brooke?" He his master fall, he tfr^,;7r "L^^e guns, but on seeing ^ostfranticges'tic^lStX f :• ""'•''^'='' '"^h hf tX '■^waster was killed^ Z '''",§'=':"'«' ^claiming until orders were « v.., * ' ^ , "^ ?°'''«* he be aoneasel ""mediately return! 'die -° .^L '^.'•1"'^ ' ^"^^ "f Mr. Hainilton, the n. o/-^i ^T^^^^^^ges. l.keacom«>„„,iC%Pi„g^ol^^^^^^ at a gun went, when the an^uSf i,^" '^*'»"«f''l as atthis n?o '•■* own affai.-s,!nd ;hif /.f ^'«.a f«^>' JircctfonlXut and weaker, recommended 7r^? ""^ «™»ing weaker and protection, directing ;„* 'l"'= "'"'atto to Siudn^ik P. aced. Whu; he wa"«^e t tl °'' '"'"'' ''« S be tion was Sttddenlyattraetp?! K """»' "amiUon's Xn occasioned him t^ftt'ttet "'"^*''"- ^'i="' ihe^ i'}iiir.f-'^oj. dicd*:;;/i::^„'"i!?»'?nt,.tive l«,ea4: '"'"""- '««« '^S^-rfB^oZ^^V^ U ^: ^gazine.J 130 HISTORY Op Rome and Sparta would have been proud of thcgc he- roes. It would be invidious to particularize instances of individual merit, where every one so nobly performed hi J pari. Of the nine seamen remaining unhurt at the time the liawrence struck her flag, five were immediate- promoted for their unshaken firmness in such a trying Situation. The most of these had been in the actions with the Guerriere and Java. The undaunted bravery of admiral Barclay entitled him to a better fate 5 to the loss of tho day was super- adde^grievous and dangerous wounds : he had before lost in arm 5 it was now his hard fortune to lose t!ie use of the other by a shot which carried away the blade of his shoulder 5 a canister shot made a violent contusion inhiship : his wounds were for somedays considered mor- tal. Every possible attention was paid to his situation. "When Com. Perry sailed for Buffalo^ he was so far recov- ered that he took passage on board our fleet which touch- ed at Erie. The citizens saw the affeetijig spectacle of Harrison and Perry supporting the wounded British teo, still unable to walk without help, from the beack to their lodgings. On board of the Detroit, twenty four hours after her surrender, were found snugly stowed away in the hold, two Indian Chiefs who had the courage to go on board atMalden, for the purpose of acting as sharpshooters to kill our officers. One had the courage to ascend into the round top and discharged his piece, but the whizzmg of shot, splinters, and bits of rigging, soon made the place too warm for him ; he descended faster than he L.ni un . at the moment he reached the deck, the fra§- mcat9of a seaman's iiead struck his comrade^ JA^er THE I.ATE WAR. ,5, and covered it with blood and brains. He vociferated ;, blr. '"*''^""''" " """ •"' ^"'^ "-"^ -«"' saft' The killed of botl, fleets were thrown overboard as fast as they fell Several were washing ashore upon Com. Perry treated the prisoners with h«manitr*# indulgence, several Canadians-having wives at Maldt? were permitted to visit their families'on^e '"' The Bntish were superior in the Ungth and number of the.rg.ms as well as in the number of me J Tl^ American fleet was manned with a motly set «a«„I Europeans, Africans, Americans from eviv nSfl ' irmted States Nearly one fourth werj X 1^ a 5«ssta«, who could not speak a word of zlm They were brave 5 and who could be otherwise^d t the command of Perry ! ""lerwj^ unde* ed saiUjrs' clothes that the/mifprsrfot'l"^^ ^ Thus diseaised, thev U^d li * ^ ^^^ ^'nghshmeii, days,whe^ wo/dT/s&ghttVrrthlrt"* h-*^ were concealed below who had nnS j f *'J» Indians «nd forty hours. "* ^^^^ *o<"l f pay the last tribute of respect to the dead of both nations. Five officers were interred, two American and three British. Lieut. Brooks and midshipman Laub of the Lawrence ; Capt, Finnis and Lt. Stokoe of the Queen Charlotte, and Lieut. Garland of the Detroit. The graves are buta few paces from the beach, and the future traveller of either nation^it is feared, will find no me- mento whereby he may distinguish the American from the British hero. , . The marines of our fleet were highly complimented "1.^ au^ ^]^.^,^^a^^^ -t xv^:-- 3 1..^^ . „ii.u^k.^ '*^ THE LATE WAR. ^g^ *M ihe first time the mo«t nf *i. v ^ rigged vessel, being frcsSmnt f '**" ' '^''*"' The Brifioi, ««•• J Hamson'g army, the deck of r Be irdSrSe '■''"'•'' ""^ •» «"' escaped unhurt. :* * " '"S'Sement, and to the list zrthr *' H v^^"^^' '-^"^ -«^ -ulating, L'^Zr^tr^" "^''"^"''"'^ -shrieks of the dying and mnf,r// *' """"»' the «g spectacle o/tKor of 1 r.""*" ' "^^ '^'"^^ Mood, operated soZImw, "^Y '"""''''**'• "'* tray, that he expressed htfl,''''".^''"' '*''"" °''l'<>« lations of terrorHtti" f rf ' '*''""^ S"^*''"- ted the side of tbelhX/ '"'""•' ^hotperfoi*. heaven uponhis 'd earl^bode ' T'f '" **> '*8ht of . his head through the anert" ''""'"' ^"'*«'«»»J^ thrust , Pitioushowlin/ ThLsS? ""1 '»""»«»<=««• a most animal excited the ^ZtmLT""'' "' *" *^''e^*«d and mortally wounded '"' '^''" "^ *« ^J^^S Jttt LtTco'i'r ". *" "^ --«">"• ^ board of the Lawrerce^./E"'"-^''"'' volunteered a- a hero. TowarltZ 1, "^ °™''' '''« ""^^ "t* i^ter shot struck him on the In '"«''f'»^"*"' "»- to his gun. He waT in,/,*. * "' '''' """' «to«pinR hisoffiL„rd"e7h^b;{T"^"'* "''»•'' ^ preferring to do duty wht hi K^' :*"*"'"• *" ''i^o^. ^"fisto^t^butSMo^ttfdtT^ order was issued to go belor h! f ** *'"'*''«'• l::^^ handage on the L.ntL /tl" i»!»^* s> and pcrfarir^edthe useJes ^^tmost sertfce in W IJ4 HISTORY OF with his right, until the stars and stripes ^ftved victori- ous over the foe." Nevertheless, he afterwards deserted — ^was t^en, condemned by a court martial and executed on board the Niagara in November 1814. I have my fears that the blood of the brave but unfor- innate Birk, rests upon the head of a tyrant officer. It mus^ hj^ve been an energetic cause indeed, that would have indkced a man (A such undaunted courage, bear- ing Br lasting testimomal of his valor and of his ser- vices, and entitled to a valuable share of priz.e money, I repeat, it laust have been m ordinary grievance that could have induced a brave man thus situated, to desert the fl^ghe had ooce so gloriwiely defended. , i ■.^' ■'■ ♦« # €■ fN-\ ;/ J. ^1^ TIffi"LATE WAR. W5 Jiiographicamotice of General Harrison.* -hich office he continued to ^m^:yl:XT\ '" ' he was appointed Governor of Virllf tu^.^' ''''? ' of the revolutionary comrress Hp, , ^''«J'"»''»«'* l»s zeal and usefulness Idfh l ""'' '''""""■^ »*" was held. Hewa"on:of« .r''""**'""'" ^''"'^ >>• to Washington wj;rtlf;Xr!"''- ^'^puted ^uade the army to extend 1^ ^^ " ""■ *" '^■ Zy ^eT'T'^ *« d«terJrwhtt r'Ne;?:;;:: r^„h.,.hichdec,are/^^^^^^^^^^ The hero of Tippeeanofe, of Mi»iVc a».,^ t- ornat t>>e familfseat, si^dSClro7l£ mer twenty five miles.a«w«icJ.«„„d * h J^"^^ «^s, pphedforanensigncy^^«„^,,^,„ ^^^^^ _*-, iK6 HISTORY OF cd, as president Washington, Gen. Henry Lee, attor- ney general Randolph and Robert Morris, were all his friends and patrons. His first appearance in the militaiy costume, was at Philadelphia, in the character of a recruiting officer in the first regiment of U. S. infantry. From thence he proceeded to join his regiment at fort Washington, in the north western terrritory, a few dtys after St. Clair's defeat. « His arrival is yet remembered hy several persons at Cincinnati, who, when he became a man of conse- quence and popularity in that country, took pleasure in describing his person. The ensign might have been for- gotten? but the governor and the major general buoyed up ^U the minute circumstances which would have sunk %ith the poor subaltern officer to the bottom of oblivion. Accordingly, we are told that ensign Harrison, when he joined his corps was a stripling of nineteen years of age: tall, thin, puerik in his person, and to all appear- ance4)ut wretchedly ~n»y, SO formidable was *?.« ^_ . . „ him that a friend whom he mefT *''! ^^'P^^* '"^fo'-e -««rgi^^himali.erypi;r^X ^"* "'■''' '"■"' *«Pto which he must B«!r?L ""w^*'™ hard- f«nea„do^«tit«r„?,oThor 'T'*''- "'*■• » Wm to re8ign his comJL ^r*''"''' *<*"' «l""*ed «--inghi.U« ;~':" »»"*, -t-n Lome agai„, tain those ha-dshipJTt t^ 1"""'* ■" ''''''' *« ««"" ••e8i8tthesedBctivehabir^''r^^'"'*"'''^ ''° ^'""'W Wpr^vailed. in the amr "S"""" '^''''=" »* ^''^ were unavailing. TakJn/' ^", '""'« ""'"onstrances , to shame, which inlgesildill '"' -^^a^WIity ""propriety of retrS: fr 1 h-f""''" ''''"' «'« cnsi«, ami perhaps too from U ^''"''^"''^ ^* "■"=" " r«h.»ledhyhiscomradeM.e deEedT" '''^"'S »nd ,m soon after appo.nted I^T^ *° P'"''^^« detachment of 20 men^C to ,, !, '"'"'""'"' "^ » pack horsee, to &« Hamilto'!: !/!■." "^""'^"^^ "^ ^ed wifl. Ag^^ diffi!! ti' : ?" ^ "■'"'='' '^^ 'Atten- tions." * «"nic ult.es, distresses, and prira- Heperfonnedtiii3servicf„« B»o^ cpndBct publicly thanlft-d for W. '<^^^Sz:U'irty^mu>..i o study of tacdiciBe. 158 HISTORY OF General St. Clair set out for Philadelphia, and left, the anny under the comman4 of Gen. Wilkiugon. Of this event General Harrison speaks with pleasure, as iBakinc a very interesting period iu his life. 1 o the soodness of Gen. Wilkinson, he never omits a fair op- portunity of bearing testimony, or of declaring that, besides a multitude of acte of kindness, he owes the p..cscrvati<,B of histemperate habits to the indefatigable tanderness and friendly admonition of the General, who not only gave him th« best advice, but upon one oc- TasLn, prevLtcd him frombeing sent to a distant po.t in conformity to his regular tour of duty, lest he should acquire from the example of «»""»»""1'°5 f ;;" f that poet, a habit of di^ipation. Tlie habit of temper- Tnce Chik he thus earlliy acquired under the paternal guidance of General Wilkinson, has never been depart- ed from. -,.,..: - . -J I„ „.m„ In June 1793, he was appointed second "d-^^J^""? to Go... Wayne ; having bsen previously .a.sed to a '''!arsTpt*ember,itbeir>gunderstoodthatthenegocia- ,ions "vith the Indians had failed of effect and were IXn off, the army consisting of four thousand five Tnai^d effective r'egulars, including some troops of d«j:cc.n., aad of an auxiliary force f '^*™ -ria-In'cd militia under the command of Gen. fecott, " ;" d Grcnville; but an early setting .no the r.:;t re^dering it advi^alj. ^;^t::^, rniarteo, huts wcv^ built, and a s> s^ein ^ thevwer© :alcul.A|rthe kind of ^'Zlt^^^ ... Kp PinlHy , was dihgenlly put m paQtice.^ ^ ^^^ 'i:::*;kTkJc:KrtlPvoted himscU: to lae siuuy a»u p.«v cuccess, tbat Ife •Main- ykitgHaWiadtllevoted i«p THIS L^Tfi WAK. -••J. He took .nU Cotd f ^ T' """ "^ ''* ^ '-«- •nd advanced u»on th. K v . ! "'"" °*^ *''^ '"'''•"'*. «that„eighborhood; Id „. So :,''■:?'!''''' '''" «* thorn, and ,„ .vi„, th!m r -il" •"°^' ''''° '"'°» ■•<"» «d JJritUh f„: t, ,1^, *''7. '" ";«:•" - ^hort distance ,f th* Harri.o„'« ; ' • t7«^':;' r;r "' "• ^" '"- battle Gen. Wajnc H» h^ * '* """"^st anpUusc from a task of Mtre.ne di.4»lt '^ f " '*«"''"" ^^-P^ ^ the woods in whL tllv " " ^' "^ *" ""* tluckness of ••i " with greaSl:^:,''.'^^''''*'''' ""^ *"-P"^- ranted to them, andl; he ir'''/" ^"^'*^'' '^'^ t-minatedalltb ii.. teefa^" «" -ing a treaty ■ " In the autunvn of i;^ S; 1" ' '""*' *« ''-■ i ta>n, was married to th. "«'"«"', now a cdn. j ^heeves8,n.J-E;.l?:;':r .''"«''^^'- "''''^ 1 ^e«tern territory, and o„ thf , ^''^^'''' °^ *'«' """-tk 1 for the Atlantic .tatT wa, 7'"""'''= "^ «"• ^ayn* «8to„. rnthofa,Jrif'^T'"''"''"^*'"rtWrh- I coarse of the following yZ happened in the I a T~ iv, Scott of Kentucky, which have been .puWi«He(i, and in his speeches to the Indiana "^^ ture> h« strenuously recommended the system of the qW TepublicB, under which military instruction was com- menced at school, Inconsequ^nce.of that recoinWH^ .■^ii - THE LATE WAK. ,gj dation the United States gave a section of each t*«« taction, K S t f ' *" fo-x'te their dvii- as a ^^^^^^:ztT:T^' ereasing, his speeches and i^rj,!!,^ . '?P"^'J' «^*- Il»diana bearabundai.tT!*f ^ ^* legislature 6f larity Wth S llrf ! '"*^/'""" P'"'* h» A>»' strojer ?roof L S : T' ^' ^"'«'- ^«* ^^^^ the P«.p!Se i h'af ,,LT f "'•' P*-^^ ««»<='>«d to 5^f«.-ntotj«:irclr;^^^^^ rhis \vaa a foul asnersinn - f^ I . . inclinations. «ng there were no more Sail / .*""' "^ "^S""*' Gov. Harri.6„, ^hr h^ t^^";^^ """'^'^ *'»"S witi. t'uw eighteen, hundred -an J ?""' "counted to mote- Power,haVi„g.^,rtlCthLfT rl"'^''^ *•'•'"• surrounded b, miitudesTil'-''^^'- *"^ '^"^ • -r?;:tr:tftr'"K'''''^"-«"^^^^^^^ lo him BO les. crcdi" H^ mtr "^ «*!W*vemen»^ "toned the universal SZeTtri*?'*'''""'^ "-...alifled approbatior„fTo 1^^^^^*''' - ^eu on aitr risr'r'."*^^^ Tinkij "^ '"^POi^tant effects i«httii*:*i,d>^ •«t«of Ge«. ilaniso!.! * '"'*'■*** the/^ar-.S "o"" ' '•*« ••^«»" the e-teeOitioa m {'■'■4. 163 HISTORY OF tUe Wabash, in;ilie autumn ef 1811, which end«d in the ■victory of Tippecanoe. A confederation of Indians, under the command of a Shawanese impostor of considerable talents and greftt ambition, who passed for a prophet, and by tl>at means acquired vast influence and a powerful ascendency over the savages, had for some time excited the vigilance of the Indian government, and at length proceeded to such an alarming extent as to render it necessary either to bring them to terms of definite accommodation by ami- cable treaty, or to reduce them by force of arms. Ac- eordinriy.Gov. Harrison collected anarmy to go against them 5 and in order to avoid if possible having recourse to the sword, and to take advantage of the alternative of negotiation, if the prophet and ^i" f "Pl* «'«'«?^ feel disposed to an amicable adjustment, he headed the : army himself. As he approached the prophet's town, he . found H necessary to proceed with the utmost caubon, jiot only to avoid an ambuscade which the treachery of the enemy would have provided for his recep 'op, but toprocurLn interview with them '» -d" J^^ ™ their oUiect, and open a negociation with feeir chxets. Th coquet of the Indians, as he advanced, not on y . Justified but increased his suspicions, and suggested o L the expediency of keeping his ™«! ^-^^^^^ J constant order of battle, and even of making them sleep ^dy dressed and accoutred, to prevent ^^1^ ien by surprise. During the whole of ^'^ 1" ^^ march, parties of the savages were seen contmually Tn hU way and hovering about the thickets on eithe ^^e rlvery effort to sp.ak with the- wa^ ound _ . , «ri.^« ««^ fti-mv raine near the piopneiir town, Ml /^erican Captain, ,.ith a iiag aud m xoterpre-. THE LATE \yAR. im ter, was dispatched to reouesf i ^^«r with contempt and infol L3 1 r ^^ ''^r"* night, and i„ the morningto Ike 1 *» !»«'"»Pfo'*% of opening a conference AH. ? ^^^^tsal mOaJw -d to be'of hi/eXtit*': tf tKn?""" forward, expressed «,.,.«.; ! Prophet came -^ so rapid^aiXr^^^^^^^^^^^^ «nde..ta„d b, the person, .ho .at I'n^tfoT *" fe^v days before, that the Governor Z,l, . T '"'* J. the pj.ophet's town until he hT elet/: t"" *r a chief who accompanied back the o" T*'*'""* ;enger,b«twhohad u'nfortl lltSr" ' "f "^:t:::::rhr^^n^*'^^^^^^^^ •^t- In tl.enea«ltaslrd :;■""' "'? *^^ ''"P'" Hy should be comnSnlSoTtV^^^ ciuef ~d much pleased, a:S:iraTL '''^ d. .ons should be faithfully reciprocated ' *'' ""'■ « That naght the Governor encamped his ar^v • ,• of battle, and orders.! *i.= ♦ ""'pca ms army ib hne time to /iedorn to ste ; ™t''' 'ir"'*"-'*"^^*^^'- on. so that they ml htSe^ ir^Xrr™-^ for action Without a moment's dflay Jw ' ^" ""^^^ «larly called up an hour before S; 2^LT T ai-ms until it wa, «,.;♦• i:-... V f''^' '*"'' ''«?* «nderv -nor a:-03a l,^^t Xl, ^r."^^-? *^« 8-^/ ■*^'., at a little after fbCo'skci.,^ 164 HISTORY O** Sxi the signal for calling out the men would have been given in two minutes, when an attack was commenced by the savages upon tV.e left flank of his camp. Only one gun (8ay« the governor in his lettfer to tlie secretary at war) was fired by the centinele, or the guard in that direc- tion who made no resistance, but abandoned their offi- cer, and fled into the carnp^ ; so that the first notice which the troops had of tlieir danger was from the yell4 of the savages within a short distance of the line, but even under those circumstances the men were not wanting to themselves or to the occasion. Such or them as were awake or easily awakened, seized their arms and took tlieir stations^thers who were more tardv had to contend with the enemy in the doors ot tWr tents. ,, , i, +L^i.» under all those dUadvantages the men all took theu ttotions, and governor Harrison mounting his horse ,ode to the place rvhere the attack was commenced, ami made such a disposition ot his forces as soon compelled the savages to repent o£ their treachery : they weie driven before our infantry, at the point of they bayonet, and the dragoons pursued and forced them into a marsh where they couldwt be followed. In fine, tW/'^^^ route* in dl quarters, and completely dispersed by the valor and discipline of our citizeiis, and the very able dispositions of hiftforcos made by the governor. , lh» conduct of governor Hamson had befeert... event rendered him extre«xely popular m all the coun try that lies upon tlie banks of the western waters.- And his prompt and decisive measure, against the In- dians, which, by breaking up what was supposed to Lea ' - "^ . .__j.Ai ««/.o o«fV«i^cuntv 01 ^midabie conspiracy againsi cue p..-. . «=- - - . ^tfee inhlibitantS of the Indiauii Territory, endeared bui Tmi^ATE WAR. ,55 Fo' *e»1«^Ht S *'"*i*»«? «"=•'«• of Ms services. 7*o«erveawlfh«e„.Hl^t a?" "f "«"**' than tkc common mode 5 I^ *" ^ ""^e Wectual omitted an opportunijof ,1^^' !»^«"- «« "-« pleof cheerfully subMit^" _'*"'"« ' *^'"'P' *''* «««•- privations incident to S, '* n«nerousand sever. mclement seasons. ^*'*'"*/ *"'' '"» f'e most -etfuttratordif jr-' *^^ --ps quantity oulj. was allowed 1 1, m ' P*'" '"''>■• ^ hm ^»d rigidly conformed to in thr"""' "^ '^'^y "«* The allowance for d 1" ^'"''■*''^ °^» f»«ilr. betu,..„ *.._ .„ "'""^r was uniformly .i:....,/. 166 . HISTORY OF *.iept under a thinner tent than any other person, wheth- er officer or soldier ; and it was the general observation of the officers, that his accommodatioriH imght generally be known, by their being the worst m tiie army. ITpon the expedition up the Thames all his bags-age wa* con- tained in a valise, while his bedding consisted of a ^mglc blanket, fastened over his saddle, and even this he gave to Col. Evans, a British uflicer, wlio was wounded. His •ubsistence was exactly that m a common siildier. . On the night, after the acti( n ip^ the fhames, thir- tv Jwe Eritish officers supped with him upon fresh beef roasted ^.«fbre the fire, without either bread orsalt, and v/ilkoi^t ardent spirits of any kind. Wheth^ tv upon the march, or in the camp, the whole army wai yeeularly under arms at- day >reak^ Upon no ocofesion did he fail tabe out himself, however severe the weather, and ^yas generally the Srst officer on horse- back of the whole army. Indeed, he made it a point on every occasion, to set an example of fortitude and patience to his men, and to share with them ev^ry hardship, difficulty and danger. jui^ i^ 9^ ^y:'>,%i ^ M ■•*! *'/ " T^E LATE WAS. m J'"^''^ -^tfc^s andMassacres, m 1812 MA9SACKE OP *„,„.„„ •^*>«ni»l^. ^-'N the 9th Of August 1«J9 /^ . commanded at Fort DefZ' . ' ^."P*" "''*>'^' *k« , Gen. H^,I1, to evacuate Z^fl T"'*'' «'<»«s fron>. troit by land. On the ll r*' ""''*" P''"^'*'' *" »«. WaynearHvedShtitS^M''^-'''*'"^' ^'»'» ''-rt^ •f escorting the saZ,« '".^""»'« f«' «'« P»n.o»e , State* Factory store «*,!IV ^'""^'' '" *« U^'ted ^ to dbtribute amonTti^'J^*"*- "•=»'<• -^--rthorised > a quantity of proSrh;,* defr' "^^ *•* ^oo^' and »«d ammunition as w T,' as a ' T** '^' ""T'" ««• collection of Indians "a Lrtr^ »^ «>«' • ^I'ed in front, the «mai„d ^'^"''"^ *«>« *«. guards, under Capt. WeT T^ ?""" '" *^' '•««'• ^s t'J rendered it necessarr fn ^v!*'*'"'*^''" "^ «,<* coun^ viththeIakeontheirie7an;S"i*"''''''*'«^ ''^-l'. ".^t, at about roo,ard.Sn^^'''8*'^r^ They had proceeded about a^l /f"^^ was discovered tl» l„di°^* * *''•'''"•»« l>iIf,Vhwit them from behind the blk it P''"P*'<'«' *» attebk^ '^*>.«.rch«, up.,,,,, compLr;o"::'tj"-f ui,. ^yf^'.^'"* »3 situated on f U o...... , X" ^-/^"igan at the mouth of rr"' ^^^^ern shore of ?!fce of considerabJe i for^ it i. f «e|)ago and Ottawa^ Indian/ ^?,_^^**^^«ttein i Unk, when the action commenceil. After firing one round, they charged and thc-sawgcs gave way in front and joined those on the flanks. In 15 minutes the Indians got possession of all their horses, proviaions and baggage of every description. The Miamies afferd- edi no aaastance, and many of the garrison hadalrea^ fidten. eapti Heald drew off the Sew nienhe liad kft, asAtck possession of » small elevation in the open nqwrie otttof the reach of the Indian fi>« from the bmh, ^ aay other cover. The Indians did not follow but a«emhlalinahody .nthetopof the bank, and, alter a short eoBsnltation among thamseivas, made signs for OaA Heald taapproach them. He advanced towards twin rfone, a»d was met by one of the ft.ttewatte«..e chic£i called the Blackbird, with an interpreter. After .brtingbawisha requested Capt H. to '""^"J^'^P^"- fatogto spare the lives «f the prisoner* The capbim did«ot put entire confidence in hia promises, but thought it most prudent to comply with his request. After de- liveringup th«r arms, the prisoners were aken back to thefor? Iddistributed amongthe d'^<^^'!"**'*«;- ^^ next morning the Indians set fire to the fort, and left the nlaee. taking Ihe prisoners with them. The number of warriors was between four and five hii»*red } mosUy Rrffewattemies , fifteen of the In- dians were killed. The Americans, when the ac^on Wmmenced, consisted of 54 regulars and nmib^^, «t of which 26 regulars and *" the^ilitia were killed tathe action, wUh two women and twelve chddren. Gapt. WeUs, Dr. Van Vorh«es and B"»'S» B^"^**!-* among the k Hcd. Exclusive of Capt Heald and tm «Uluaig w*-.^ ^ , , ?JU -. fo.Ar «ltrA0k«l at aim, wife, who were permittea w rewuo » "";":"-:, Mesh's, 25 noncommissioned officers ^^ »" '"J'T ; eleven women and chiUre* were ret«««d w ca|.t«ity. < men fort, the s the I comr betwi cral V inforii liim tl Ati arms, their c haen a of moi officers wntenal i'«cover t]u-ough CHinspei vigilant, as the s€ to walk Older- to thej mc( * The , ^iir- *^' THKLATKWAR. f69 O: '^**<'<='c of Fort Harruon. « _'N the eveninsof the 1.1 <.<■«» i . men who ^-ere ,„aki„g lllu^^t^^'^ *"" ^'""'« ^""t. Here killed and^aLd c"" -'t'"? '■■*•■» ">« 'he same time informed bv ! , '^ ^''^'<"' ''" »* *e Prophet's part/i'^or; ^'-^'^^'j' ^"dia-^, that commencing l"os(ifitLs r I^ !T' '*"■ *'"' P-T'^* -^ between 30 and 40 Indiln^ "!,"'' '"'"'"S'^ *>>« 4th, '«Ppecan„„e .Z^^Z^'C'^ chiefs, aniyed fiom' "formed Capt. Tavior thTt Jh. T'^' ^^ ^"S'«h, •"■» the next morni^ng otet tL^^^^^ *» «Peak . t. At reveille beatingf Cant rlT "^ *» '^''^ ' ;;™s, and found them aS ^Trdr'"*.' *'"' •"«»'• their cartridges to 16 rounds I ' '""' ''""'Pleted i-een able for several Z, 1 ^- ""*" ' '"'* •«= ''««1 "•* of more than 6 pri ;S /nd T'' "" ""•»»*- g«ard ofl'cers. Indce.l he had fot ! """ commissioned -tenable, if vigorous!; ^^0"^ T'^' "^l"^* '^covered from a fevor and ^ '""' "«* »'1f "S'la„t,a.Kl ordered oneofrt!? *'"'«"»'•''»*» ^ "^ f'e sentinel, could "It^^"'"'"""^^''"""' ""S^^ftl ' to walk around on ITLZ^?^ ^'- "'" *''« g^msoji' ^ «^der to prevent the rSstal'"' *'""''"'« ''•^'''' '« tl-ey meditated an attack ^^ """^ ''»°»' ^^ •^,7, were employed in endeavoring to •''t'nS""''*'^*'*"^; ' butbeioJe Sufficient quantity of -f ^"^ '-f „f X- eured, the fire com.aumca... to -veral barreU of J". key, and m spite of every exertion, the whale bmW.ng wa^ enveloped in flame,. This ^ »^''':.»«%^t ' the barracklaad constituted a partof the »'"« »" f [^*; Ihe rfarkness of the nigUt, the ragmg of **>; »"j;''^ enfeebled Bt«te of the garrison, not more than 15 ot l.,n were fit for duty, the cries of the -™en -<^;; J dren, the ^^^f^^^^^^'^^^ *\r S re:^ ImcienTto disn^y the «toute,t W To add thei.- misfortum., two of V aMe.i hea. t. 10 ana i ^^ . ^^^ ^„„g rc:;rer'::it--.^:^^^^^ «-fotird!f X rorxI^ehu„.^.e irtLrythtwingoaHheroofofJ^^^^^^^^^^^^ progress f *\™"",''^7^^^ ^,s still a .ance to de- convinced his men t at theiew a t „,a,y Ceudthemselve . .^/JXlta IVV^'^^ «^ breast work acr. s_ . bre«^ ,^ ^ J^^ ^^^ ,., .^ :;:^^;^Sd;rthe words 0^ cop. j^^^n^ •,^enact.tU..efir«ne.^^^-^^^^_^^^^^ •? tiiat wereaaic iiiu»u^v>. » n^aFj,^ ftvcd on the enemy. The cont.guou^ thcrs njfi LATE WAR «nd continued b^ hi e" amX f " ""' "P"" *'>'= ""f. «ge the men d«rinL T^K .'" ""™»t* and eacour- 'vhich lasted seve" hoJ:: "'i P*"-'"" "^ <"« attack, •nd two wounded on the roof -ru T '"*" " ' '''"^'^ e'-al times i„ a blaze ^nlT^J,''"'''^' *'-'™ "=^- <<"e day thej. had .aled a f "'^*"'S"'"'<«<, and Ee- cr«s the breach as higTl a .nL^T'T '"■*''^' '^"^'^ «- *•»» poured in a con tL^ '/ """'' »"'''»' «>e In- *ho.e time. Th. gaTi" 1„ , "l ,^''" "'"' »^^»-« «'« *"« fort, on. on the^^r^s tf "! '^° •"*" ^"'^^ « got into one «f the iif;''!?!^':'*''.' «»<> one Mho over the picketa, a„d^ Irf " , *>» «>a8tid|„anj fire* •""l killed an haj^ b„TneI V" " """"'^^ ""'* •»» «'»^tljr, he wa, sh^^dead ^ ^^"« *" ''^"''P ^^^'^ in- •.. %^!-'^^te7Ji"i:xfo:n!^r ^-'' -«"•-. «amsoaa«dlitteralIyhe,vnt • ^°^''"''' from thi ', ann broken in a most Ickin'^r " '"'" "^^^ »-»*. "' to the fort a little before dav ""''' *""* "•<*««* W^ ^it day light our men be/ran t^ « • . '^-' '1^ wh,eh induced the IndiaS to^? *'*'' •"»■•* eTecti '«^, »72 ihstorV or jittack on Fort Belle Vue. , Fort Belle Vue is situated on Vat Mississippi, .boTC tJ»c mouth of the IMissouri, and is a very ineligi- ble situation for a Foit, as the parade ground can be ,,vent by small arms,.nd the fort is surroundedby chasm, to witlun ten or twelve paces of the piclcets and block |«use«, which form complete hiding places and defences «i) a lurking savage foe. ^ ^.-oi^ On the 3th of September 1812, at half past 5 P. M. «,e Rarrison was attaclced by a party of Winnebagoes, consUti.g as was supposed of about 300 >varnor^ They found but one man outside the pickets } whom they insUntly tomahawked. A constant fi'">8 onboth .ides «as kept up till dark, but with little elfect. The .ert morning they renewed the attack, burnt several boats and be|in to throw jire on the block houses that gtood near the bank of the river, but not sufficiently ^ear to command the declivity of the bank. To counter- act the effects of the fire, syringes were made of gun barrels, by which means the roofs were wet so a. to SnttL fire taking. In the course of the day, the ' Indians killed the live stock, burnt several houses and destroyed the corn. On the 7th they continued throwing fire brands on the roofs of the block houses. Tho m«ning being calm all their ingenious attempts to fire the roofs of the houses failed. Thecommandant ot the fort, tieut. Thomas Hamilton, believing that the enemy was «nly,waitins a favor Me wind to set fire to the U. w«« j^ . ,. , ,» 4^Ka ..rVinla (rarriAnn must States Factory by whicn mcuiio .». ':^--^~^ ^^ ineviUbly have perished in a general conflagr*tli|f | ^tnt ^""E UTB WAR. ,,„ a "oldiei with fire to the f„,f • . ' •«s than th^e hou« SiU.^^7 '" *' •"'*»'"«. "«« -a without the leaot iuuTt^T^Z""''^''''"'""-^ in the course of the .ttack it ^""'' ^ '»«'''«» .-f burninj timber on tie ro„r7'^!'^' "' ^"'P''^- £7- ^-theatt^hrVrS-^'-r*-'^^" PS ^ > '.•A ■ my , mmmmmm 'Wum'i »74 HISTORY W^ JExpeditm$ against the Indkms qf the Wabash '^"' ' • . and Iliinois. . EaEI.Y in September 18X3, Gen. Hopkins wiA alottt 2000 Kentucky and Indiana militia, marched from Vincennes against the Indians residing on the head watci-s of the Wabash. . This army, which under an able commander, might have kchi^ d all the objects of the expedition, perform- ed nothing more than a long and a tedioiM mareb. AlthouA the troop* ««e provided with excellent lations ; although the season was fine, and the line oi- inarch crossed a country possessing great natural beau- ties, still the troops soon manifested a refractory spirit. Before they had reached Fort Harrison, great numbers hadfallenoff. Atthis place the discontents had increas- ed to an alarming degree, and the men contmued to discharge themselves without consulting their officers. On the IStUof September Gen. Hopkins marched .vithhis .emalning troops from Fort Harrison, and con- tinued his route in a northern direction between oO and t)0 miles, and a considerable part of the way over a prairie covered with tall dry grass. In this distance scarcely a vestige of the foot steps of a savage foe were diEcoverable. On the evening of the 4th day they en- camped on the prairie ; the atmosphere was clear, not a cloud was visible. But suddenly there arose a ^tt of wind m'pre violent than any of them had ever bflfore witnessed. Soonhoweverthephenomenon was eipUun- ti\ by ihe rapid apprwai^iux c.n ^^ m;ir^.ii wu\ of fire. Iad«ed^ tUe lavking sayago»^#|^ tm ri' THE LATE WAK. ,,^5 ^£i!£Z L'lr '' r' **■" ""'""^ '"^- on them ingon the .r.c.ZJlt ^'""' "■"ned^toly border- I^Ws formidable eno-iiip nf t,.A' "ined the whole corp, to efffcf ^f '"? '""''^"*'^'^ "'=**''- a» discipline was eitCforttl^Sif ''^''*; "l ^'''''' Thus nerishorf »;*k " S**"«" »f disregarded. - P«We,thek«;e,',o7l r '°™.''""''''^ ^--s of t).e folio, e'd the e^ilf ^"*"'" -<* *»« '"P- «hich «nperceived, whenTe Let I^T . """u" "*■ *'"^' **'^ The town ;a. imit^^,tred''--,H,tde.d. warriors were killed anH f. '^S*"' Twenty liv« 'even white scalp a„dirr'' ^•"'.'"''•' ^'^^i W were foLTn T'J^^ '^e" :a'^''^^r afterLirdeC ^F^: ;lf "'^" "^ «* ^^'^ wirrior, were found toonn'^ I' ""'' *"''P' ""'^ "« previously departed f!^ ^ *^'™ ' "^"^'^ ='«»'*»« movement of S fltMns ^"Tr / "'^""'"S the 'very thing in the to3 ich h. u"''*" ''''^*™^*^ andleft itihe same even^r ""* "'^'•y awajy ;::j£^t^^-^=:^TL^^ 176 HISTORY Of They reached the Prophet's town on the 19th of Novcrn^ ber. The next he dispatched 300 men to destroy the Winnehago village lying on Ponce Passu creek. This party commanded by Gen. Butler, surrounded the place about break of day, but found it evacuated. The tomi contained about 40 houses, many of them from 30 to 50 feet long 5 besides many temporary huts in the surroun- ding prairie. After this they destroyed the Prophet s town, which had been mostly rebuilt. Their next ob- ject was the destruction of the great Kickapoo village nearly opposite to Tippecannoe, on the west side of the Wabash. This last town contained I6O houses and cabins, and shared the fate of the other villages. Great quantities of corn were found either in the houses or buried in the earth and covered with mats. Seven milei to the east on Ponce Passu creek, a party of Indians attacked and killed a gallant soldier of the name of Dunn. This induced a detachment of 60 horsemeii under Lieut. Cols. Miller and Wilcox tc go in pursuit oi the Indians. The party fell into an ambush and lost 18 of their number in killed and missing. A fall of snow, the severity of the weather and destitute state of the troops prevented further operatioDS- The army returft. ed to Vincennes. Nr $1 THE LATE WAR. trr Events on the Niagara Frontier in 1812. frontier- dSrin'tr ^'T movements on the Niagara . !.• I. ■ """g the whole of IRio tl i, . ^ " which drew thenublir ,** ?• " ^^-« <"st event «d Caledonil/S were ^'t;'*'^'^ ''"^ ^dams effort Erie, on tre etr ?!'"" ^"""^ """^'^ *>"= S«n» Navj, will best detail L *" *'"' •''^"•^'•■"•:^ "^ *« achievement. * "^eumstance. of tlusbriiii^i. S'K-r have the honor to I!"/*" ^*"^' "'"''"' ^■ morning ofthe8thi„rtwo «■,;"■'"" that on the: informed were his JBr tanZS ' . T'^'' "'^'* ^ '^«« the United States' b£Zl"'"''^J' ''"« ^«*'-<»". '"tft punting ,4 guns J t^tilnf^'^ *''"^'« ""*»*'"-'^ *«= b"g Caledonia, bolh said tfr'''",? '•"^*^ *» l** ">an„ed, came down the LkP ? '**" armed and protection of fortlrir H . '"'=''"'•"* "'"^'- *« sometime and in a measireinacatr" "". *•"' ""** f*"^ •n'ned to make an attack ^^Hr^ employed, 1 deter, *ion of them. . ^ f'tl , P"''"'''^ *" ««* P«««es, "".se from a convictio thft vil" ^I"'"* *" *^'^ ''"^'"P* to those which I have ZblV''*''; **'<'''«''*'« «J44 . should be able to mee tfe re l/"'/,™ «"'»« »»'. » f" the upper lakes and s v TnTlTclSr ^"«*f-- labor to the s^vernment n! "'-'''"'«hle eipense ai,4 v«U heard that "™ ^^men « 7'"^=' of tbeirarri: f'-om ttis placP ».^ ..!1""."'. *"••' '""t a short d«ta«o# to ft^ffioers'air'ecrirrerto .f "T'^'"='^ '''' '"^ "«t*'^ the «hore. I^en h'ai 17 V'*' "'"'* ^•""'' ""^ "-^ «arps would be maJefl ","'?'' *'"' ^""'*'*«'' ^^at the attempt to alHlf ' "" '"'"'' ""'^ '«"' »» hoard j fire was such as wi, "T ^""^'^ "^'''*«'- As the « a shorttin,e I 7:^^^ '2!h T"!"!''"*^' *'"'' *>>« vessel of the reach of the batte " . * '"'""' *''« "^•"- •"* the %ing artillej,. I ae ! 'r . '"'"^' * ^*'""' ^S^'-^t sail with very liit airs Tf 't^ '"* *« cable, made that the piiot'iji:;: ; j^v'^U"*^"* "^-^^-^^^^ about 10 minutes, wj,en i wl k f ''™PPe<> astern for on Squaw Island • Jot th T .""«''* "P °" «"' ^hor^ prisoners put i„a'„d sent!, T"'"'^ '""'* '^"^y' badlhe ' officer to return ?„r melH '"'' '""' "'■''*''"'' '"'^^^^ from thebrig. He Td w "1 ' ^"""P*'*'^ ^' ^""^ get tr in thetolt's it«nt on ^"'"' ""'"« to the difliouU -nder the counte*! P^tThe 5"''''- °'^°^*ring a .kiff «'e hoat,and uM/m/ ^t 'T"" """""'"S P^^oners ia «-■ «'-t wh J r;i*;rrrt t- '"' "^^*- ' covered a boat with abo,,f Vo ,. ' ""*"*»* * ^isv ««ie, making forXw"' rt ^'"^'«'« fio™ *« British ' 8o«n compelled to aband an i ^^ ?".* "" ^"■''' •«•* tvere , a» their men/ nlT„-".t''''f- :^'*h the loss of nearlv ^ »des: W^the rive"; i:;;! :" ,r'''5 *■"« "-o™ing bo^ *■- brig, and „ m«^5^J'» -»»«•?-«« «^^» -) vu ner t^at It was impossibJc ..- t^..U....^„-,^_««M»,,- 130 HISTORY OK to have floated lier. Before I left her, she h.id several shot of large size in her bends, her sails in ribbons, and rigging all cut to pieces. To my officers and men I feel uader great obligation. To Capt. Townson and Lieut. Roach of the 2d regiment of artille-y, Ensign Prestman of the infantry, CapL Chapin,Mr. John M'Comb, Messrs. John Town, Th' ""''«'• ™y com- ««. mst. have bel'„Tat, ^r ^r""™- ^-' - the ducing consequences seZ^!'"""**"* character, pro- tablishing fad ac » , ! r^*","*"^ individuals' As- f'e service and t.«, safctlf^^ "*■"' *"'' '"*^-^* "^ P;»-;'e .tIvrespo„siblefor2trof7-'""'' '' ^ ''""^ " I beg l.^,e to explain to y„„ ", "^J^^'l ^»«ec,„e„ccs; -nr country, th, Mt-,au-o.Cd ch'cn Z'""''"'^'' J'""' <» ''-•ve had to act, ... a, rol '"'T ^**"^^' ""n which f e'-ned me : and it H, -^.Tr f '"""^^^ vvhichgdv-^ b-nv.ished,itiss„chti:: „"!»"«•»' --^''^ '" e be viewed, I shall chcerful^^tuL "T '''""' S™"'"* ^''aH »ent of my country. "^ '"'""" ™.^'^«if to ti.e judg. S{S?^"^ -efbZ,'^:!'^!^ "ine m,,, ;,„^^> 's eie^ated more than loo fJl/ ? ^'*^* *>* Niao-an i! tliiMillaee Tl" n ''*""*'"™ t'sdeWsonl .f ^"^ ty, is ;„," 1!-'^ ^.!?.»'f- Thetransn^;?,'!.>:<^'^l'Pl'ewa. ^«hat« beautiful ceneV "*'' '"^''* "^ ««« W^^' IBS HISTOnY OF In my letter of the 8th inst. I apprised jou that A cri* 818 in this campaign was fapidly advancing ; and that, (to repeat the same words) « the blow must he soon, struck, or all the toil and expence of the campaigngo for nothing, for the whole will be tinged with dishonor. ^^ Under such impressions, I had on the 5th instant, written to brigadier general Smyth, of the United States' forces, requesting an interview with him, major general Hall and the commandants of the United States' regi- ments, for the purpose of conferring .upon the subject of future operations. I wrote major general Hall to the same purport. On the 11th, I had received no answer from general Smyth ; but in a note to me of the 10th, general Hall mentioned that general Smyth had not yet then agreed upon any day for the consultation. In the mean time, the partial success of lieutenant Elliot, at Black Rock (of which, however, I have re- ceived no oCicial information,) began to excite a strong disposition in the troops to act. This was expressed to mc through various channels, in the shape of an alter- Tiative ; that they must have ordem to act— or, at all hazards, they would go home, I forbear, here, com* tnenting upon the obvious consequences, to me, person- ally, of longer withholding my orders under such cir- cumstances. I had a conference with , as to the possibility t)f getting some person to pass over to Canada, and ob- tain correct information. On the morning of the 4th, he wrote to me that he had procu red the man, y^ ho bore his letter to go over, Instnictions were given him ; he passed over— obtained such information as warranted ^_ :^^e'i;«»+« n4fa''t- This was confidently communi- t^i iiiil.i-wV---- --"- «i«- i' ^ cAttd to several of my firs: officeis, and produced gtlat THE LATE WAR. „, preparation, i„ 1 " „! ■■'^'*[* '^°"*'"-- '^•''« l-^^t '»% t..e ene„aa\:;.f :rir' -r"' *- ^^- possess ourselves of the vilut! i ^'•^«'"^t<'«i, and be sheltered from tJ 1 ,rT'- "*'''' '™"1'-^ ""■s''« weather. *"* •''»^'««'*'«g ii^c'cicncj; of The ••-dtobe^pi^ra rt«tor?r'''' '^''^'' °^- were also gent gen Smvih? . ^'"ga'''*- Onfirg »«chdetachmentofwT{ '!!''"''•''''''" ^""" B»»ilo, ces In that vie „L J^fir^'* ''^ '^'^^-S circumst..,,.' have been made au " t ."'"'''■^k '* ^'"* '"'"^'^ ^-»' *" by crossing over in bolt, Vi' """""'"S "^ "'« ^ «'', the heightf To aSlltl *'" ""'' ^'"'^ °PP-"e the river („hich is here Hlf 7"'^ '"* '» «=^''^«i''e rienced boatmen were n *'^*°f "»!«•»* eddies) expe! the landing beW I heX^VeVf V*"* '"'"^ f-« ^'.-n was considered the man of the "*""*• ^'^''*-' th.6 service-he went a h^^j 1, f *"*^* ^I'"' for »ess, passed the intendSC V" ""^ '^^'•^"'e d«ft- ■We,in a most extraordintv mT "' *'* '•'^'''- ' »«<1 boat to the shore, and aba»do„?j n"T' ^'''"''^'^ hh */««/ro««J<,„« he had carried" .' "^'^'^cimient. I„ -as prepared for aUthe"^t"'^,^^'^,«'-T oar, .hid. lemma, stood officers and Si^n \ «Sonizi„g ^j. been cooled b^ exposu.* ttoS tl " ,''"'"' '"^'^ "'t Most tremeadous north «»,!!* '"^''* *» <">« of the • •"iabated.fortw.nioiu^Chmtie a column . ^ ai- trow^ .. *® ^*»»^ "umber of regu- thf;:«tSl;r-f».>tea ^ to boats, ana *'" n. At an early ho„ IT Tl- '""=" '" """"g* Christie marched hi H ? u'' "'=''*' ''*"'«''»»' colonel. f-mNiagaratt,': "t'ffS "^ «•« -r road, colonel Stranalian's re -^ • "'<> evening lieutenant -at 8 o'cloclt, Moa- h™*"' ^'''«"" ''""s Blan's regiment ma. , r .v ' '""*'"'"'* colonel were in camp in good ,1*™"'*« 'a^e place. All "sued upon this occasion Z f»^'f'"^ *° "'^ °^''«" over together ; as soon a 'tth .'"''""'" ^'"^ ^ !»** 'ieutenant cobnel Fenw cJs fl!'^ " '!"""*' "* ^"'''*'>' «ver; then major m"^,^'?^^'""'^^''^ *»?"«» and the other t.^„p, t^S^ ^^^^^^ -at of regulars ; At dawn of day the boats wereTn '".H- troops commenced embarking, !i ?"''"'«»' «»'d the •nanding battery mriu„7i„t tf/ f" ** "^""'^ <"■» «««- two sixes. The movem"f/"" *'«''«*«» P«"«••'« ""e the shore 5 but it was for V„ * ^ *'''" "P<^»«<' *» «« ecp rect much fire with ^ttt 17"*''' *- '^^ *" <« now opened up„u the boats' fr^J'T '''»''°»"«de was ';;--o«r batte'ry returned ^ J "Id '^""^ "'""^ threw grape upon the sbor^ I ' ** occasionally f "s from a Lai™ :' f"'/" """ '^'-^ -^^ Scott, of the artillery, by hLtL ' ,'°""^'*- ^^"'""el »gara Falls in the nii^t arrif^ ^ ^ '"' "'""='' fr»»' Ni- *«emy's fire with 2 si. ^o^^^s'" ^"'^'o" to return the j ne boats were soin<.„ 1,.. ._/. ' =«ras well, as wit), a ^h.' 'i: !r'?"'"'?^'' ^"'th the eS- AKS Q2 a&WcrofKliot: but cc! «nel ^^iji IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 5^" 4^. ^'4r -'^ C?^s. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 186 HISTORY OF BonsscUer, with about 100 men, soon eHected his land- in" amidst a tremenduous fire directed upon liim from every point ; but to the astonishment of all ^l>o witness- edthescenfe^thisvanof the column advanced slowlj' against the fire. It was a serious misfortune to the van and indeed to the whole expedidon, that in a few min- utes after landing, col. Van Rcnsselear receiveil four woundg~a ball passed through his right thigh, entering iust below the hip-bone-anothcr shot passed through the same thigh, a IHtle below-the thii-d through the calf of his left leg^-and a fourth contused his heel. 1 his. was quite a crisis irt the expedition. Under so severe a fire H was difficult to form raw troops. By some mis- management of the boatmen, lieut. col. Christie did not ^rive until some time after this, and was wounded in the hand in passing the river. Col. Van Rensselear ,va9 still able to stand ; and with great presence of m.ml ordered hisoflicers toproceed with rapidity and storm the fort. This service was gallantly performed, and the en- emy driven dow« the hill in every diieetion Soon al- ter^ both parties were reinforced, and the conflict was renewed in various places-many of the enemy took shelter behind a stone guard 1«>»^<=' ;^'>7^;j'"^ of oidnancewas now briskly served. I ordered the fire of our battery directed npon the ^ard house ; and it was go effectually done, that >Mth 8 or 10 shot the irwa? silenced. The enemy then retreated behind a Wo stone house , but in « short time the route became 'e feral, and the enemy's fire was silenced except from Lnegnn battery, 80 ftr down the liver as to be out of the reach of ouv heavy ordnance and our light p.ew*. eould not silence it. A number of boats now p»ffj« OOT uB^npoyea except Uv)m ihe yuv ans».v»vv-. |,-^. :<^^ XHE JLATE WAR. i8r For some tinje after I had passed over, the victory an t» lieut. To'tten/oJr ;: 7 "^fv """""'V Hfie and hayoaet. Bv this timB r „„ • , •' ^vere embarking very sb" , , "' P?'."''"'"!.'"^ *'»«?» to accelp-,t„ « • ^ • ' '""*'=•' immediately over ::Xfrhy '^ *'^^^-. ^^^ ^ ^""-e At this time a large reinforcement from Fort Geor«. «.rc djscovercd coming „p the river. A., le b^ e?^ niorti8cation that „„ f *^""'"'« to»yinflih-to-; anAlwwin- that ThTr '**"''" ='""™*n«S* am*.^."!l. f* ^^ ''™^« »<=» oftheheiffht»«W-* '- .^»««« auu „ea„7 o«t of w,««aLtion;,«jri 18B HlS*rORVOF could do was to send them a fresh supply of cartridges. At this critical moment I dispatched a note to gen. Wads- worth, acquainting him with our situation— leaving the course to be pursued much to his own judgment— with assurance that if he thought best to retreat, I would endeavour to send as many boats as I could command, and cover his retreat by every fire I could safely make. But the boats were dispersed— many of the boatmen had fled, panic struck— and but a few got off. But my note could but little more than have reached gen. AV. about 4 o'clock, when a most severe and obstinate conflict com- menced and continued about half an hour, with a tre- mendous fire of cannon, flying artillery and musketry. The- enemy succeeded in repossessing their battery ; and gaining advantage on every side, the brave men who had gained the victory, exhausted of strength and ammi»uition, and grieved at the unpardonable neglect of IheirMlW soldiers, gave up the conflict. I can only add that the victory was really won 5 but lost for the want of a small reinforcement. One Hard part of the idle men might have saved all. I have been so prest with the various duties of burying the dead, providing for the wounded, collecting the pub- lic property, negociating an exchange of prisoners, and all the concerns consequent of such a battle, that I have not been able to forward this dispatch at as early an hour as I could ha^e wished. I shall soon forward you another dispatch in which I shall endeavor to point out to you the conduct of some most gallant and deserving officers. But I cannot in justice close this without ex- pressing the very great obligation I am under to J^ga- dier general Wadsworth, colonel Van Renssel^erf^jol. Scott, Ueuteftani colott«i8 v.^^^**^^ CMAV THE LATE WAR, «. e«ptain Gibson. Manv /.*!.« u J«''"^. As Ihave reason h,*'' u^'" ""^'''^ «»'■ troops fled to tllToZTllttTl '■■'* ""^"^ °f °«'- ■ivcr, I have not Ten aUe t T' °^ "'"'''"^^ "'« ber of killed, wounZ *'■'' *''*' P'"''*'''^ »•»». 0- troops r^JZtZ Cr^ -, ^\^, ^'^^''ter of cne™^ have suffered severely '=»°'''le«ble. A«4 th» ^ On the .3d of Octobers; vfHR™^^^"- following additional pa-tkuU J?! f^ "1" «"'* *''«- letter .adressed to Gov iSpU^:""' "'"'"'''"' ^"^ »nd tVSrScrcfre T-^ t'^" ''^''"^ *" "-". J-=/a n„„.bf office ft?' »««"« t^-youre^el! action would have rSed! e":: S"^'^ "^*"*' «oId.^. a..l entitles them to^l e ir T" '"*"*"' lencj oad the gratitude of fh- ' * "^J"""" «««!-» «T,. _, »"-""*' °* tncir country •* ' ••ocisian, in all ti.e vicfs tle^of &' ""'?'" '"^ he was fortunate enouirh iT *"^ ' ^"'' A'f«»g!i S^>-ment had he on buf hen *" '^"'""Js.f catM)/ , ''"""■•-We t^stimo"; " '^'"' *''""■ »"« ^^'k o? fi;^t'i^'£::!t;:.:-7*'-«-th„at,an;,i % -n of the first%",;; - .: S'r';/"-- He M fl^^hen foar wonnri. '-^^"g'i ^ very severe lire, i?i'-.ders ,r 2:ir tif'r r «*'''»^' "^ ■ ;«fw..pera.„„ed. M^ori:;n;;:i:;;;;rvZ: 'vf St 100 HISTORY OF tcer aid, and his courage and conduct on the field were highly honorable to a young officer. «< Lieut. Colonel Bloom was early in the action and when a wound obliged him to retire from the field h« persevered in efforts to urge on reinforcements. - « Lieut. Colonels, Allen, Stranahau and Mead exert- cd themselves to get as many of their men as possible to the field, and faced the enemy to the last. .« Major Spencer aid de camp to Gen. Wadsworth, i» in all respects an exxellent officer, and his conduct on the field was honorable.'* Thus for the account of General Van Rensselaer, which was written before he had an opportunity to com- municate with the officers who had shared the various fortunes of the day, and who alone were in possession of a knowledge of facts and circumstances sufficient to furnish a correct detail. Major General Van Rensse- laer was rather the spectator, than the commander, of the movements of our troops. No event of the war it more involved in obscurity, than the battles of Queens- town. In order to throw all possible light on this dark rabject, it will be necessary to give sevei-al distinct statements, even at the risk of a repetition. The fol- lowing extract from the journal of a Cayuga Captain ol Militia, will furnish many interesting particulars. Extract from the Journal. October 10, 1812, 4 o^clock P. M. Col. Bloom re- ceived orders from Gen. Van Rensselaer, to march with his Regiment for Lcwistown, at 2 o'clock the next morning. ..4:;^*ll*- October 11, at 2 o'clock A. M. Commenci^f^ svjarch^ it had rained for some time before we had W ^ Z ©i-having proceeded two and a half miles, we f#ti^ !3-C .^lj#if- •.-.,-■ THISLAIE War. ih m e rain •r soon received orders to return 7 "'' ' ''" ''<'*"■ Chester. The object of This L™ °"'" "-''"P' »* Man- *acked the enem/at davb ;ara?o"" '^"^ *» ♦»^« «*' ram frustrated tlie plan Th„ ' "^.^^-^en^town 5 but th« ^Jaj. '^ • ^''« '•aw continued all thi. ''hen, agreeabfe to oZZtn f """P *'" ^ °'*='''«'' ?• M. ^^^«eed ot out^rtnJ ^T'r "h" ' "''='-'" ^- rven for crossing the Niacar. , J .' '*''*" ""^"^ were •m-edatthe l^ver, aS'^^"r^'"S*««''«»y5 th'rteen Boats at the r^er a L t ""• "• *<"••' ^''re lars and Militia embarked Y^T"* "^ »« ««««. "jy companjr «« fhe„ .,, ' , .^ ''f ""''•'ged to wait with the^nemj^'s fire; several ^e^el^n T '"«■•« «-Po^ed to he water's edge. Onlj. th«e bo^ '.""' '"''""^^ »* ;::ire:^^--4a„Ll7:rs.S:? '««« them, and led then, t„\ '.'""'''"•«''«<>«» ml •"Xjk, but receiving a small Jlr "'"^^e ,• our men fell •ndrenewed the a! tact Gen i^'t'"'' ''''^ "hout McDonald, both fell. ,„d 1 ' B™'^ and his Aid, Col. ever;y direction. AbouM ^t /''' *'"'"'P« »•* Aed in Mp and Indianfhad icSt^- ""• ''" "^"^^ •»f J»>«e„cedo„ us. fi..,::l!:l"r'"'«-'"e force, — -.v.,*ere completely rout«L "' "'" *"*"■ ' "^ort ,1^ HISTORY OF Scarcely had wc gained this second victory,, when a large reinforcement of Regulars was seen to apfWch towards us from Fort George 5 they gained allWcir points about 4 o'clock, P. M. which were as follows :— Their light Artillery, consisting of five pieces, was posted on our right flank. Their Regulars in front of «ur line ; while their Militia and Indians were endeav- ouring to surround our left. Thus situated, Gen. Wads- worth called a council of war. It was deemed prudent that we should retreat to a better position. The ene- my immediately opened on us a heavy fire, which con- tinued for about half an hour, when wc were compelled to surrender, prisoners of war. The Indians did not however directly cease. Several murders were com- mitted. One of our officers in particular, while in the act of t>frering his sword and commission to a British officer, and soliciting his protection, fell by the blow of e tomahawk. A number of our men, being determined not to surrender, plunged into the Niagara, intending to swim across ; some were shot, others drowned, and «nly three reached the American shore. We were ta- ken to the village of Queenstown. Feelling anxious to render some assistance to my wounded comrades, I made application to return to the field of battle ; it was giant- ed. Capt. Hattofthe British Ai-tillery, accompanied me. The first place we went to, was a small flat on the margin of the river, where we first landed ; there lay 16 or 17 of our men dead ; the first two, Itowever, that we came to, were wounded ; one of them expired, the other I removed to a log house, standing^ear: while thus employed, the Indians descendeen turned on the mannp/ J ''" '""versation ■Jicnt. Capt. Ha*f T "'"' ™'"" "^ the enga-e- ^'■'-at reason he J Id f !''*^* ""''"<"•' ^ "'kitt hi,„ ttat he was apprfs d „f '"''' "^ ''^'«'" ^ «« replied! '•am prevented voux": "^ "' ^"PP"^" ^^e heavr ?»« at the time'; did Tl" """"'''' "O-ur com^ '"Sb', and hence you na'v 1 "^ Po^^itions accMd- ^""r boats, in yoilTl^.T'":':' '^"" *'"> =«^«"-« '«'« of ('vounded exceptcdUad t. '""' *''"* ** P'-'souer,.^ J -as put in dLll It::;! rr^'',*'' ^'"•' «-rge: forborne time on the events of t, "'' ''"^'"a ■•'=««'=t«d follow, I Uy dow„ on tiSflc * h '^' "'"" "''^* should two nights before, and havi„:;'^^ '"'"« '-'' »« r^st for *ont.„uall,- for 48 hours, I s„"o . tV" ,'"^ '''''* '"'»'•** awake till next moruino-. '^'^ "*'*'=? «"'! did not - i he Indians liad been '-.^i- , Ocwfe/,4. rlr, "^^ »"/] "'ations. ■^' ' '^ "^'""'odies of the fliea , .-. . i ,.,j4 HISTORY OF .U„hadfalUnthedaybef«re,l/mgnakedon«U^grou«d, nhite with frost, fopd for bog8 and dogs, '"'"^^ JT actually running among them. Th«y 7«^*' J""^.' partially buried the next day, after which, I was remo ved to Fort George. . , ,. v i k.-n v;Hed 0„TOBEK 15. An Indian chief, ^h» 1^»'».^/'*".^"^J in the battle of the 13th, was tuned with nuhtaiy ^"T'' ifi General Brock and Col. M'Donald OcTOBEK 16. uenerai Diww 41,;. ,i,„ ,pnt to ,vere buried. The regular troops w^re th.s day sent to '^ o!tobek 17. The MilHia were all paroled, and pa- sed over to Niagara. Ampricam The chief cause of the ^-^'^-^'''^Zi!^^ ~Z .rms in the attack of the enemy on the Uth, appears to Ce been the neglect to provide a sufficient number of tol To convfy nearly'3000 men across a deep, w.de i:d;apiLtream,Uyt;uW«» boats were p^ov.d^^^^ although a competent number w<=re strewed along road, but a few miles distant. (rther causes operated adversely. The greater part «f the troops reached Lewistown by forced marches, rXuheTvy rains. A suitable quantity o^amniun.^^^^^^^^ had not been -^Meadt /.StentT a a^^^^^ on nels Stranalian and Mead s repuueuts the morning of the 13th, these officers immedui ely a - led on tlie commanding General and infmmed him tha SeirLen were in no situation to go into an engagement 5 SSng marched through an -essant ra.n, they M^'^et a^d fatigued ; that their arms wei^ pt fit for Siate use ; thtt they hadnot supply of am-nibon, .and, that many were even d«§t.iuv. ^. ^.^^ 7 ,, >«i^nw and othi^r necessary equipments. They wished to know THE LATE VTAH. ^ «es, replied " »'*fo'« Joj- They cZ were 1: T.?*"" *'""'' """ "»"« ha.l arrived. T^l •enai, some distance from the camn vvk .1 was one hour abov* ih.u ■ ^ ^' ^^'"=" *''« "■» t7 supply J ""'""' "'•'*'"•"«'' '^i"' « «c«.». ttWrfTet°roor?"" •"" ''""'"^»*"''' '«"»- <"'« of boats rtVrrr.lirr''"'- ^^ *>■««">«" n«mbcr dered unmanalabifl * T' '"'"' '""'' ' »«'ers ren- tal of rei": : .lur;!-': *" '-"^ ^*-->- became irresolute ; fe^ ould b fo„"d h"?*'' ' "*'"="• remain at their posts. "'"'-^ '"""S'' «» point assigned C h''S VT!' l" '"'"' «* «'« and the greater cart ofh;= . *'*" '^ounde.^, tbe ver/onse:?ft1ttrre:r edt T""^"' ^* the day. ' P'^**''Sea the disasters of The want of a common comm.rnder 01, tbeCn.^- ^ side, was severely felt • for i* u „ j . '-anadian the militia officers, g;!!, w7'l, ?"""«'''*''** "^^ cMe . l9o HISTORY OF Armstrong, Og'ilvie and l.ieut. Randolph, independent- ly commanded their several companies. One of the enemy's batteries remained unsilenccd,. during the whjlc day. It was situated a little below Queenstown village, on the dec:ivity of the elevated bank— the cTect of this battery was terrible, as it \s as^ . admirably served, and at once, annoyed our men on the American side, and the boats as they attempted to cross. Major Olmstead of Col. Bloom's regiment of N. Y. militia, proposed to General Wadsworth, that if he would furnish liim 100 men, he would answer for the capture of that destructive battery, llis request was refused, and perhaps with reason. The killed and wounded, were for a considerable part of the action, sent back to the American side, and placed in full view and hearing of the men who were waiting to cuoss-. This spectacle added to the total ^'ant of con- cert, discij-line and means to pass the river, was suf- ficicnt to determine, even a brave man, against a useless exposure of life. Another cause combined its disorganizing influence witli the general fatalities of the enterprize. i-^Aliout one fourth of the detached, or drafted Mditia, k^vupaii the banks of Niagara, were the ''friends of jjeace," who felt constitutional scruples against crossing • tlie U. S. frontiers, whether in pursuit of a British or a gavage foe. It was in vain that general Van Rensselaer impressively appealed to the patriotism,, the courage and pride of these bsnevolent disciples of peace. There ^as indeed a few honorable exceptions ; but the gi-eater part with stoical apathy, remained cold specta^: of the sansuiuary scene : for they came not to fighi ib en- emy, but to paralize the movements of our troogs by ■ * 't'Vf' 197 THE LATE War P-mulgating their „e. r.n,Ua „o"lio„. Z ^J'^ "vaged your fiel-I.illr'' '"*"" """ ^'"•8"' eognized bv no itovermn»„* ^ ^ discovery, re- .ncient or modefntTm™ ''"''•'''''' '•^''" P«°P'« »^ It IS impossible to foros'.Cit «,!,.♦ x . moment an ene«^ ma. a«P™\ i" '~'"'*' "*'* ** ^^'t y«u may expect himT/Mfee *'" T""""'- ^■''"« at another. Nothinir l?i "'•™=*"'"' hemayMgail you ber or unnerrrre^fe ".'""'' *" •"""»'* ^l" "-•»- .nthepassaeandhandXr^dSn^^^^^^ •"*" '* observation. Such was the rmrofHll" "'"'" "' autumn of 1813; and !♦. ,-.1- "*■"?*»» m tile i-d b •„, or^::4;ite:r '^ -- '•"--^- ousb'ir't^etrto-I.l^tr.^^^^^^^^^^^ state, hundred thousand men cou^d-^^ cTer J, '' ."^ ' ^'"^ ed frontiers, if collected upon the hl^ *'"'' "*««»- apathy, sickness and death fh. ''":'' "'^*'«"8 « - -e«y, who,avSinrh ;s?frhr*^^''''p'"*"* <»f of war, and numerous ''sarear,L*'^r."' "^^ time and point of invasion. <=<>"W ohoose his The most implacable enemy to «... Inj ^ * "^■ng greatness of AmericaTL^ul'rJ"^"''*''''**"* -ore destructive to her gro,^ „„ " h '" ' '^'**"' eastence. ^ ^' """« dangerous to her . ^ --"••—"'*! ^«?H WM pUced in , b»tt«ry p» , 1l98 HISTORY OF the American shore 5 because there %YaJ no means pr»- tided for conveying their artillery over the river. It opened its fire with spirit and effect, at day break, un- aer the direction of captains Towson and Barker. Col. Scott passed over about 8 o'clock in the worn- ina, having been ordered to take tJie command of the whole ofthe troops engaged, BntGeneral Wad»worth,, either with or without orders, had previously crossed, so that Col. Scott was obliged to confine his orders to the resular troops, who amounted to nearly two hundred, and fifty men. With this handful of heroes, he accom- pushed all that valor could perform, or skill devise ; he las constantly exposed. He was in full uniform, and rfaeigantic stature 5 of course a conspicuous mark for the skill of the Indians and Glengary sharp shooters. He was advised by an officer, to lay aside his dress. « No," said he smiling, 'f I wiUdie in my robes. Al- ter our troops had surrendered, an Indian came up to , „eol. Scott,, and attentively surveying him, said, - You nikre notbom to be shot-so many times'M^oW'ng "P 4 1? «11 the fingers of both hands to count ten,)—" so many W iimes i have levelled^ and fired my rifle »*?»»• t *^aptwn Lawrence was dangerously wounded, and «ievewl others, kUled or knocked down close by his "The number of American prisoners,»inilitia and reg- «lars, surrendered, are variously stated, from S to .00. • battU ofquee»stown,onthelSthofOctober,^im. Brig. Gen. Wadsworth, and Maj. Spencer,^AiU. SIXTEENTH KBGIMENT. t»||" Li«nt. Col. Stranahan, Heut. fhep^rcl, Major Holland,. ^"f.f"^'' fia^t. Pctti£ale, =t:V«"^ - '0 ITnsign Denton. THK LATE WAR. The accounts of the kiUaA «„ i - variant It appel%':!ilrw:vrtu; th" ''""""^ material diBe.enoe between the BrT« k . T '''" "»• loss. An officer who hJLT . ^ "'"' American and who had a f„,, tt ^t ttr^''"'*r''J"''^*'' action, estimates the American loss" fo^lTr *'" 400 wounded. ' ^'^'^ '^"ed, and J-iieut. Smith,., Ensign Peck, Lieut. Col. Me'aX"'"'^" Y'"'"^"-'- Gapt. Bacon, ' ^'"^'- *>'<', __ Root ' Ensign Haight, tieut. Handel,- *^"S'- ^^j, Windsor. Capt. Cronk,^"'"^^''"'' ««5.m„„. *^ Lt. Richmond, wounded ^"^'S" Wl.ite, , Oapt. Sutton:™'=''-«~- ""''^- EldHdge, ■^'®"*- T)aniels, *- Barber, Theishler,. -Ellis, ir^T" HoJcomb,. — - BrinkerhoiT, .. ^"^ign Sperrj,, Lieut. Price, ^^ ^obb, Major SmitlC' ^^^^^t^ni^^^ .: Gapt. Clark, i^ ^^^^s^er Robison, • Brown, ^^' J^^'^eny, woundeOi Gapt. Bacon, ^''°^ "' hiflemen. ^ Ireland. I-»eut. Wilson, :- ,^ -Stanley, ' ^T^ ^^^^% ' . liieut. Alexander *^"s»gn Jrelaiid, ^'^V •r— Gray, c' ' ^o«gI)ton, ^iutant Stafford c« , ^'^^' ^^i' '^'"^^h. m instoutor Many brate men fell on this disastrous occasion. The brave captain Nelson, fell on the American side of the river, j«st as he was stepping into a boat to cross. A grape shot struck him in the side 5 he languished sev- eral days in the most (excruciating torture, and expired. He had been several years -in the regular service and possessed all the requisites of, a good officer. Dr. Crosby, from Philadelphia, being od a. tour of pleasure and observation on tlie Niagara .fi'ontiCr,^and hearing of the preparations for a descent upoii^the Can- ada shore, rode to Lewistown and volunteered m Ma- jorMuHany's battalion. He was among ^he first ta cross 5 many of his new comrades were killed by his side, and his own musket shot^away a little above the lock. After participating in most of the dangers- and ^icisskudes of the engagemenVhevvas taken prisoner,^ ^en Be assiduously applied himself to the care of his iroundfed eountrymen; , ,a 1. j " An officer of the N. Y. Militia, (Major Olmstead) had in the course of the action, ascended a stump, for the purpose of observing the approach?of a column-instant- numbered in theUnitcdStates^service; all from -the Western District of the^tate of New York. . J^ames pf UnUed States' Officers, taken prisoners. . Lieut. Hugunin Fink, — Carr, — Turner, - — Tottfen, — ^ Bailey, _ Phelps, wounded. ■ .1 ■ Clark, waun de d^^ — McCartyy ^^ Ihsign Reaver. Col. Scott, Lieut. CoL Christie, ♦-.— . . Fenwickj: Major Mullany, Capt Qibson, : — - McChesney, ■ - Ogilvie, Lieut. Randolph, — Thearney, '"^m^. /=*k IBE LITE WAR. „j *.^trr.2;t£ sir-' *•"••'•••■■-■ Brit ^«(K ana s:^sz^2::r''''-''"^ «- have never been sarsfal^^txpl^e^*"" "^'«^''«** * T" *^« «'''to" of the National Intelligencer ,, G-eralSmytlfh:fse"eTi„''tft%*^''^- «'^' 1« ^• the official letti of m|or ' „etr v '"'J?' ^-tclligencer fZ^y the affair at%uefnsto«„ I" ?T'««'»er, res- tliat his name is twice iatrodur,H"' "^ '"*" observed qmre explanation. '"'^'"'""d .n a way that may re" ..."^.^neral V. Uensselacr 8-iv, «fu i (Oct.) written to brig, gen iLtl. ''' "" *''« «•• 'nst. view with him, majof S.,K ^. 11 ■■''iri""^*" inf- ants of the United SteCre'i!f^i ""/ ^^^ command-. conferring „po„ the suWect ofZ' f' ^°' *''? P^T^^^^C O'Uhe Sd of October^ gene r.?^^^^^^^ a court martial to h^ l.^f ? *^- J^^nsselaerdrtfered a-ul on the 5th I e ad d^eS "a ^T:^ ^'-y^^^ requesting an interv ew u^o„ tl 0° ' ? g^"o>-al Smji?,^ On thf 'P*"?"''^ dut/es -^ "'"'*^ »""•«. anil Adan.s and c'»Ie''d«nia"'^'o„*'« "*"«.?'' ^'** ">''»Je on the «en. Smyth's brigade marehed f «.' '." .*''« """-"'"gt a am , and two ot'ther Se„l" ^'*''' '*°'k »Pon an Oi. the nth, at dav li„ . 't"!"^ ^''T "? «" *(>«* -i^ht. "cepted, marched^'foi?!.;,;; * ^ ^"'■"'®'. *''™e companlcg ^;^^twelve miles througUre ""rl'"'' II*^'"? P^'^^d" «ver seen, returned, the ordp. I!-'' ™'"' ""^ wcathw , ' ^ '""^^'^ ^^">S coimtermauded. VI 20^ HISTORY OF Further operations on the Ntagara^ in 181^.- Soon after the battle of Queeti8t(^wn, Brig. Gen. Aaexander Smyth, became invcstett with the chief com- ^mand af the Array of the centre. The regular troops were considerably augmented, and a brigade of nearly 2000 Pennsylvania detached militia, under the orders There was no time between the 5th and the ISth of October, at wluch gen. Smyth, with the commanding officers of regiments, could have left the bngade,'' con- sistent with the business of the court martial, and other indispensable deities." Nor would gf -Smyth have deemed it proper, without an order, to have lett his brigade within three miles of an enemy, and gone, ^ith all the officers commanding regiments, a Uay s journey, to repeat an opinion which he had already ^TnTnoliier part of . his letter, general V Rensselaer says, that on the morning of the 12th, "having now determined to attack Qaeenstown, 1 sent new orders to general Smyth to march', not with the >^iew of his aid fn the attack, for 1: considered the force detached suf- ficient ; but to support the detachment should the con- flict be obstinate and long continued," General V. Rensselaer did not on the 12th send or- ders to general Smyth id warc/^. ,'l)\ , On the 13th, about 10 o'clock, A. M. fnf ral Vah RensseUer did^uA an order to general Smyth to anarch, which was received about 2 o'clock, V, M. ^m^ obeyed instantly. ^1| Extract of a letter from Mgadier general Smyth,^^^^ major general V. Rensselaer^ dated Buffalo, 29 ='r, jouivobedient servant. S. V. RENSSELAER, :: *.Bri. « o-^K^n "Ss^^*'- '^' ^«'^ ^ i Bng. gen. Smyth will nlea^P tf •' SiiMde to strike their teKL » ^'? "'''l*''^ f""- >>» Tvul every possible dispatch ^'"''' *° ^ewistown. By „.4er of ^aj.ge^n. v.- Rensselaer, SOL. V. RENSSELAER. '" "'cnced in everrtrte;.'..*'''' '''"" M "'^l'- •204 HISTORY OF u tics, put in motion a great number of volunteers, anx- ious to join in the ex i)ec ted invasion of Canada. On J'.e 21st, at 5 o'clock in the morning, all the bat- teries at. I'ort George and its vicinity, opened a fire of hotsliot upon ForfTSiagara, which continued until after sun set. The buildings on the American side, >yere several times on fire, but extin^'uished by the exertions of the officers and men. A tremendous fire ^vas return- ed. The following extract from the report of the com- manding ofiifcer, Lieut. Col. Geo. M'Feeley, will best afford the reader an adequate idea of this brilliant can- nonade. " Several times during the cannonading, the town of l^ewark was in flames, but was extinguished by their •ngines— as also the center building in Fort George. Their messhouse and all the buildings near it were consumed. Captain M'Keon commanded a 12 poun- der in the S. E. block house, and distinguished himself by his usual gallantry and skill. Captain Jacks, of the 7th regiment militia artillery, commanded a 6 pounder on the N. block house, and together with a part of his own company, though placed in a situation most exposed to the fire of the enemy, maintained their position like veterans. "Lieut. Rees of the 3d regiment artillery had the com- mand of an 18 pounder on the S. E. battery, which was pointed at a battery A barbette, mounting a 24 pounder, and also at Fort George ; several well directed shots were made from this gun, which proved the skdl ot its commander. - i^%5 The orders given on the 10th and JSth, for generat Smith to march, were so timea, xliai ac »i>u-.u^ .™. »^- rive to "hare in the honor of the «:'^P?d>t>on! bu tmjht arrive in time to bear the responsibility of lU ulUmate failure* anx- though ./didt LuS'f' '""^ - "im , .hich, artillery, at that '" ?"^ "* *^ "" "•Si»^«nt U. «. Wendell of th^eJ;;^J*7'»J«'- " *''"' '^''^ ^''^^■ Hooper of Capt ^XZ ' ''*" '>*«*'-r-and Dr. the command of a f "7""^ »':'*«« "rtille.,, hri *^'^"-^on I couS ««n.. Lieutenant Harr/s frt I ^^"''"'^*''"*s. schooner which lay at t'le!,- wlT ^ I * ^""^^^ *""* » a rf.ort'«;;r ^ '^^^^'^^ .<>f «»« «e„«asee S »nil 408 IiistorV of It tlestrdyiiig the buililings^near the wharf. thVse two ot- ^cers and their men^ iti the warmest part of the attnon- 'ading, having fired awhy ftU thfeir carlrirtges, cut up their flannel w&htcoata and shirts, and th^^ldiers their^trowsfers, to iiipply their guns. ^ « I cahnot soy tad miith iu praise ofallth% bffiecvs atid soldiers of the krtillery immediately under my observa- tion in this garrison ; they merit the thanks and esteem of their country for the defence of it, and I believe it Aiever sustained sd sh&i-p iild continued a bombardment. « The chemy threw more ihan two thousand ued hot balls into it, and i humber ot M\h^ amounVmg to more than 1 80, only one of which did injury to our men. « Lieutenant tolonel Gray commanaed the artillery'; the unremitting attention piid to his tluty, proves him %n officer whose sifciA and science do h6hor to himself and country ; to this genttcliikn I feel mufcHindebted for the manner in which he acquitted himself. « To the officers of my regimlent (particularly cap- tain Milligah) and the soldiers who assisted the artille- W, and those employed in exlinguislung the fires antt ' 'jcarrying off* Ue kitle'd and Wounded, I am also much 1^^ indebted 5 they merit my warmest thinks. To Dr. West of the garrison, Dr. Ilugan of the 14th regiment U. S. infantry, and Dr. Craige of the 22d regiment U. S. intautry, I ' oflcr my thanks. tW Merc employed ^ tluring the entire day In thic mbst tiitical duties of their profession.*^ , . Lieut. Col* M'Feeley sj)ciks in handsbmc terms of the indefatigable exertions of Major Armistead, of Uie U. S. corps of engineers^ in feKtinguishinf; the bulldingi ffired by the enemy. ^ ^ Tho Awericans losl ieleven filled anS w&t:»dc^'> THE LATE WAR. 20? Ofttbe 17*1. of November, General Smyth issi..,! . .econd Proclamation, i„ »hich,he aBsuredThetroort at of thlT^ •'"!!'''**' *^'""^' »»* t« secure the peace ol the Ameiioan frontier, '^ «a.ora and aoW.ers, under thfc«prom.i.d of Capt. Ki... S S:'"' «T .^ -'^'»^'* 'We, opp Jte Biact 1» Thejr attacked and carried ia the .Tost intrepi.L ««ner, three dJtferent batterieW AbouUO of ^5 S "L?? P!''»»-^ """""S «hom- were ttoj: der'al i"""?""' Avere killed and. about 20 « ouj- »'»qng tte woModed, was captai.. DoiT Several S' «rtdlerjr horses were destroyed and tw„T -'■' t«inii,g.miUterjr stores burntf ''""'*• '""- Sd to et ''"'"""'r''"'* '"''»^'»«"> «>»* the en^my hi. ' ^'b" 22^:-roS^^'j^e*:^^^^^ - waives "es that completely commanded tl.e British shore ■2 y '^ It" ^'r ^''"'»" ^*'*»''' "e have no bat- ^T- It was obvinna ♦« — I ... ,,. " ffia the boats r""„ff IVr"" '"'«"8ent officers, ftere «^hi v '^ l ^f "' «»« l»»e'- end of this island «W «ouIdie no battery to cover their de.ce«t, be «08 HISTORY Of cause the width and strength of the stream would le- ctssarily carry them two or three miles below ih^ enc- ray'tJ batteries opposite Black Rock, which had been captured by Capt. King's party. It was in vain that they remonstrated widi Colonel Winder against starting so far below the protecting bat- teries. He replied, « follow me." The boats then put •ir; not in order like a military troop in column^in lin« or i» file, but in wild disorder. When a little more llian half across the river, the enemy hove in sight in quick marchi In defiance of the exertions of tlie boat* men, the current hurried the boats directly towards the «»nemy, wlio owing to the irregular and confused stat^ of the boats had a fine opportunity to cut them up in de- tail, as they attempted to land. Col. Winder's boat b^m^'lighter tlian the rest, ke was enabled to keep high- • el up the Stream and did not discover the enemy until^ he had landed. On perceiving tiie enemy, he ordered a jjeneral retieat Lieut. Coli Bcerstler, I am assured Ify a correspondent, actually seized an oar to accelerate his flight. A part of the boats had landed before the ebemy commenced their fire; a part had not reached the shore. Lieutenant Burr was for a while the virtiwl commander of the pai-ty, tbr seizing a musket himself, he fired on the enemy and was the. first to give orders for the troops to fire. About 15 were killed or mortal- ]y wounded in the boats. Among the wounded was Capt. Lane and Li.ut. Burr, Ensign Wetmore of the i23d lobt As right arm^ « ' Winder'* detachmentretorned'tothe navy yard, tnd at 12 o'clock the whole army were eollected in tl^ boats 5 but a council of war determined against crossing.- • The following documents will illu||f ate more fuf^y THE LATE WAR. 269" Uurelfof r™ ^l"y ""'^"P''' "f "><= ""tion .nd the laurels Of the unfortunate Sin^th. tlie causes of the failurA of ♦».*» i of Canada. ^''^ "'^ '^"S menaced- invasion ■ TO THE PUBLIC action, of the V/tirNove „ tr rd L^ ^.T "* '1'"'- ' Having, since that time, rece?v,.Tfi„«"'^ ">**'"''«'■•", fUrances, which, as a m'ai of ho'o" I ®?- ^V"'' «"- lieve, that the coarse Dur«„!!iiT' ' "■" '«'>"«' <<> be- »uch as was renSimrhv hf ^5"" "" *'""'« days, wasl' fi-om the SecS; ^f ^ar .„''a''«'! ""^J ""friction, communication wni««ml' "l^ ***"• »««'-l»»rii, this! from the one then cont«mnt,f ^''^'•'♦''r ouite diftWeirt to the pubti' . S^ft^ft^^^^ ?«. P •«Wl, however; withont comment ;Tea»Wi)\fi? ^*' P'""*'' *»<•» ject of military m^vem,^^?.! J? I'T *" "^e^^lope the ob- •■"1 others nofonly eSdtLl''rf "P'^''''' »» "»« On the srth of jfr,v»mf^ Ik'"^' '"'* '"wplfcable. point a miliuVfoJrjaboit /"oo'e'Sh f •"**^ "* '"^ sistmgofreeular t. .v...! vv Ij- . *2.'^'^*'''« "'en 5 conV transporting tfie^troops ac^lsXe riv^ "^^ P"''P''*"'' "^ 70 pilWie boats calculated f« ^. .;►„■-.« ' ".*? .""» Wkeri mf flie ptfWi tei* to carry 100 men cnchv -. ' ;- W sm;vs for artinery, an^I jSs ,ne8 each %f|»^Sf anH,i»be/p/8.nall boat*,-" ^. 'l ' - ■ 500 CIO HISTORY OF Siogrnphwal Notice of Coi R. M, Johnson. 'OL. RuM'. Johnson, is the son of Robert John- son, a respecttible farmer, and one of the first settler* of Kentucky. The suljject of this notice was born, a3 it ircre, on the field of battiej for at the time of his birtlir Ken- l^ew-York vohinteew who had been placed under my. comir.ajid, to paj'ade^t 4 o'clock ia the morning at their encampment about one and a half miles Irom the navy _-i._.i '^f ^ *u« ^.♦^«:.^«. 1 lAarrvfihAtfhAnartie^mentiono 11 o'clock at nighty to auacs^ i;ne/ein:ni.y » u»..v^..*.^ -r posite Black Rock. Gen. Siviyth not beinghere^l wait^ ed on Lieut. Angus and suggested to him the propriety (it within the scope of his orders) ofpostpomng theen. terprize until nearly morning, to give as little time as possible, before the passage of the army, for the ene- my^ troops to collect from their stations down the riv- W. They landed at three in the morning, under a «evere fire of musketry, and grape shot ^r««! two pieces of flying aitillery, Ueut. Angus, with our little band of sailers, assisted by Captain Craig and a few of his party, attacked the prinr^ lal force of the enemy, ^onsisting of ab:>Jt 100, at the IV . ir »use (th^ seamen charging mth theif pOtes and "^^ against uiuskets and bavonets) jiud routed them in ♦U dircctiops ; Capt. Doi, wliotook it distinguished partlnthk affair, was B^^erely wound^ cd, after a hard and destructive engagement, «i#etiemv wJs completely dispersed, the two field pieces snik^ and the^honsein wfech the enemy flV^^^^Jf^tl'lU eeamen re^^rned to our shore, bringing offthwr woa.4- 'd a»d several prisoners. Out of 1^ naval officers jho .^&m\n this eaterprize, pine pf thejrt, wi«vniO| • "tha'V^iSif tJ^eir men, >Yert kUled or wounded, m)m^' THK LATf: \v\n. tiickjr Mas one continued sceni* ,.r. »nij>rint, ami when |,i, P*"' »'"' •"Bc..a.„. W|,i,;, led «ith women and chUd * "^r "ri' "'"^'' «'- tKe eovcrnincut will malV™^ i '-^ ^^' '^*^<* * rio-ua ion S,.- the e ; of l,n i ""'P'" "" r-roceeded to spike and .fi.:.: '„Vtre ll • ''.?^ »^'"S down tlie river, takins a r.u"nbf.r i.? "* *" / 'owcr % sunrise iu the inn „r„ "'r'-'^soncrg rivei at the place of em >,!""*' "'""•« t' ««. I,.,! ai- I marched SO^O of the l;;""'!?*' "^ "V "'fine! Gen. Smj-th's invitaiio.i, > e 1 11" ^," ''^'' ^""'^ «d?r nhiglr spirits .-about 150 ,'orc ,U,„ "' P'".""'*'' '' »"«1 'ng before, Avere at Buffal,, "w?'- l^^'"*^ »" "' cn- stationed m^ men as inst.u,ed bv T' ■''oP°'*"' . , field at the navv vard, with ,».. 7 ^'"'- '^"'vth, i, a ther orders. The^^ies ,,'!"','""' '" "art f„V f, ; aided by our batteries, „acl ^t 1 'I'l'."' '" '^-^"kl^, eiful and well directed fie \ni"^!'«''*7«nedap5;,v. ierronthe inland, under c4 °1 „7r?%«« artil- driven every thing fiom thoT ..„ '. .P'" '^''""". M der, an officer of K?eat int fliJ - '* '''^'"^ • Col.. mT-' «nder the mistakeTapnrehe tf "1l '""' """^ l^*^. Lieut. Cor. B«rstLKlS'i^' A^Z^'^'X^- madeanunsuccessfulattemnt/.r- T."'^ ''^♦"? f"' offi ed to land 250 men at a ffiir"?^'f .^^'''^''^' '«*-d- and ha4 returned as stated bvr P"'"* ''o*" »he rWr, eial embarkation now rnmL? *^'', '-.Smyth. The geS- i»rdily, that at ^e?ve oS" h"' I"', '' ^t"* »» «« ^»op«, and Col S» (>'=.•' "'* '■•>ole of tBe retulif •iiio5Z_""_ _ '• *"'" s regiment. Me.-o •...,. ° *""" &^ais were fying (jn the >, ■'♦■ * TO 2,j HISTORY OF At this period nq one was exempt from danger : fre- quently the red savage would rush from the thicket and dispatcli the defenceless laborer, bearing away his scalp in triumph, before succoring friends could interpose to avert the ratalstroUc. The iiihabitants were obliged to dwell in stockades, and cultivate their fields. in armed of the river and creek, hiving been thrown up by the Sigh vTitcr of the preceding dav. Se\«™\ "f''„' Vin Sfeekhalf filled vv[th wate.- an.r .ce. I,,f,''ll«f. °" «?"v' Smyth and proposed to occupy part of these boats With m7voluntee'rs,\nany of whom were 'TPf «)*, «^ ,'™- Karii Being however at this-momentinformwlby -^pl. Porter that the boats which had been used by Col. W .n- der were lying »bout a mile below, Major Chapm and; m«ctf, with about SO men, went down the sl'fe, bro t « Jf^e b^ate, fiUid them with men.and amved at Black Zck the point at which it was proposed to putoff, as loon as any^of the regular troops About two o'clock all the troops which it appeared were intended to be crossed atLt were collected in a group of boats at BUck Rock under the cover of our batteries. I have no offidaKunt of -the number of men in the boats at ■nUrl^Hnpk under the cover of our battenes. i naje !^f no officUl account of the number of men in the S-Mv opinion was that the number exceeded Sp.. Most Ln.of observation ''ho «L«™.P^^«^*' '^j timatfeita,t2,600. The men were m fine- spirits, «nd desirous of crossing. _ r iMTlbi-o's «>!»!- GeBjXannchill's volunteers, Col. G. « Clme s reg , »atsome riflemen, cavalry, &c. amounting to about s 000 were all paraded on the -sliore, and, $s 1 m» in iTed, w ere r^ky to cross. Several koa^s «f ^^fl"^*'' ^S to carry about lOpO men, were still l;r'«g Sfnavy yard uBOCcupied. I li»ve not been Vble to team tSt any order or request was made fo^th* em- ♦Wkation of tL troops other than the replars, of ^ ril's regiment. 1% enemy, estimatif at ahout s|, ere urawii up iu a ««- r-^"-" ---- ^ ^ - -ml Viter. •.# #1*1 THE LATE WAR. PamWj fine coua^! J, " . /."f ^"""^ ""«' *he incom- H.seaH,,ears.we..edisti„g„,hedbr:h;b„,d„es. among tlie officer* and men «„J?^''^ Tt produced' and murmuring, which w^?hl we/^fe^ tcontene layed by assurances that the erri.Hi*' '"'"* ''«8™« « - Poned 4 a short time, until 3 h '"?" '^•": "n'7 post- prepared. ' f4 •,«"*. ""Wts cona be betfer •mfiark at 9 o'clock oVl^ndfyZ'^ *'' "^^ ^«rd, tu- fa^o when it was receiv^ S^ SP"i'"g- .^ "'as at Buf- »»y, as to'tfme and manne, rfil "'' *^'i* ** ""» ««"«- of the volunteers. TZd^'^'T^ K*^' »««« at Black Rock, with G^ Ww). "'•'^*':' '" ^^^ evening,' t«ons to his plan. The enemv I^A""** '^*^'"^ "^ obje?! on the batteSes, soas to r^iTZ v^- ''"'ounted fiu ™n« at the favorable' joint whTch had hr-'P.'?'*'"* *» "™« day, above the islind that r„Jl *r*" **''«" on Satur- mediately below the island Thr *'"' ""V J'a'd. Im- much augmented in cons'eq 'ence of th7 i*^ '»- /»"«' day, occupying a line of sToT« of a ht/^"' •."' ^»*'"- the current is raoid .inW ♦iT? 1 , "* a mile, where believe it possib^tto effect a Ia„^"''' '^■''tP*- » ^id not any tolerable <;,der if at »n '?"^ "«,*"•* raw troops, in tilferyand infantry which iV"'" ^""r "'^'"^ ^^ng a r- >" % day time ^'ouMernMrtr !"'''■ '^»^«»'«°<^ proposed to postpone the *^^Vlli'? to opp^s, u,^ jj and embark t*he tVoop, S v / " *i'"%ht-_to march ■ Wd a half K..i,-,.„ T P .. ' *"tly— to put oft'ihnut »»!.-...: Were where the sfreaih :a!ia!-ly.lavttrable (i; miles below tiie na^ to a Bale an;! river - *■■*• •• ret QfdeiJ^ landing'; 2i4 HISTORY OF of Ills enterprizes, and an extraordinary per^evfiran^ ; in their execution. His scholastic oppor tu nitie^ for th^, first 15 years of his life,, were limited. At fifteen, Uo^, left his father's house, for a country grammar school, having left behind him a character for industry and man- agement, which produced in his father some rela^Unce CoL "Winder seconded my proposals with grc^at earJii^ efttnes^ and force— and it was^adopted. Tli^ ariny waar, to e^A^ai k at 3 o'clock on Tuesday mornings and to pror ij^ced at half past 4, according to the order of a line. of. batUV submitted a few days before^, by Genprid Smy^liT::, tKe regulars on the right, or in the front boats ; Gen.. Tannehill's troops in the center, and the New YoVHvql- unteersontheleft I w^a to. go in th^ front boat W^JH a chosen, set of men^ direct the landing, ai^. joift^ th^: Ne^w York volunteers, on their arrival. On Monday eyeniiiff,.sfevenboatsfor.CoU Swift's-reg' iment, and eight for th^ late volui^teers, were brought somp distance up the river, and left at difer©ftt points, to avoiithe noise and confusion of embarking.lhew)iole army at one place. ' At half past 3 on Tuesday moi;nipg,, the eight boats were filled with volunteers (a corp^ of vhicliTias, on every occasion while on the lines, shp^ya great eatactaess of discipline, promptitude and zeal for the service) had embarked, and the residue embarHing. i^ot a man of the regular infantry was in the bojits tor about half an nour, when Col. Winder's regiment enter «d their toats with great order and sileijice. About three quarters of an hour after this, the remain- ing regulars commenced the embarkation, when I drop- ped down to the (font of the line, witha flag in^ray boat, to designate it as the leading boat. I was accjoiopan- ied by Majors Cyrenus Chapin, and John W. IVJacomb, €apt. Mills of the cavalry, Adjutant Ghace,.a,nd Quar- ter Master Chapin, two pilots and aljout ^ Y^jiUAH^m of ;&iffalpa under Lieut, liaynes. ; I mention the names of these gentlemen because iMy h^d before decidedly objec^fed to passing at the prop<|? ie^. point by day ligljit> but when day appeared^ and on* fess ultei U c Jeair pfth liidu^ incui tier c ered Iheii •Son, a A See tribe. ^harg] Ab< Sihj^tl %hich "til aft( It i ;!^umbe ^t was ''ohint( found Vheir oj keep t <50verct |>ut m ooats, ( ^«re me, V% th ''■•fi « his departure. Jfo,. ,n,, , • , . " fe«.ional pursuit-, to" ^e . l"f ** '^''' "•»?'". :f ern,te stu.lj. ,„a «, j;^„'' ' f'^. '""-/ean, spent in he commenced the praS " f ll ! «'"'«■•'« '••^i-ess, J-cars of age. "'^ '*''"' ''""g then t>nljr 19 |S^^'?iiS'2*^^^.«th.ta.c6„„t,,.eWaa J^ttcnr the aMitiona hazJ^ '"/'."""nin'ously aRreed^ ered fte troops disembiwHt ^^,1 ^^ ''f''* ^« 'Mscov. ^neinvasonof Can..!* I. iL*' *"'' were Infofiiii>ri ♦!,.» ;«oa, andlhat'thf tZS Setr''*A''°"««' «>^*h^ »« crine. About 4000 mfen- «,S„ i .'*" ^B*" ttffdes^ *ha.^fng their musk^tTre*""'^?'^*^"-^^*-"^^ Abodt bhe IhoBsand ZlTnVL ''"•ectlon. Smith's proel«,„rft!on"bZtfr/f.?'"« '» ''*'er Ocn Ji»mber «f C'^Sikl V"^ ^"J' '=^«'nate of th, •If r^t* «««rccl»^:^fi «»y H«e this morlp* Jolui teers lirst anived ^itt "*" * ™»'e- When tlrt> .^«nd |hat the reg f" ^4"^« "fvv y„rd, a^, f ^^« Jheir officers were msfmofiT ''»S bvIlT^"''**'''"""'^ «l>o?^ fllerj, while about SOT rel.kr' r"^*''''"? «>ear! ^welye^ months v»l„nteeV f » . '"'^?'"^.' ' '•'>'««• SCU «baat 200 of th« militia !wu. U.i ,*"'»'^«i Sv.ift, ancl tl^' ".r "P'^-^ «" t e boa t t1.a7' "*'''^'*'' ''"^ ^ ^"'^ troops then #^mKo.,i, i ^"''*"* t»ttt we^re iPf>,ivr 'ri ^ocrwitjruttstiaLriT "1 ^*'-»' *^^^ d'«e. ' IB*"^"* ""iered to di.ccml«k and 218 HI5T0UY OF niountej corps. His services on the frOTi tiers of'Ohiej and upon the Banks of the Thames, have secured him an imperishable military reputation. On the 13th of April 1814, the I'ldifes of Scott county presented ham an ele- gant sword in -consideration of his valor and unshaken firmness at the battle of the Moravian town, . The fit%t question was decided in the negative lay Colonels Parker, Schuyler, Winder, Lieut. ColonelB Bcerbtler, Coles, and Major Campbell, Col. Swift alone gave an opinion for then crossing over. , ■ ^ , ' The second question was not decided. . CoUinels Parker, Schuyler, Lieutenant Colonel Coles an* Major Campbell were decidedly of opinion that the force was mstiffitiient. Colonels Winder, Swift, Lieutenant Col- otiel Bcerstler and Captain Oilman^ deemed the force gutficient. ' . ., I determined to postpone crossing over untiJ morcn complete preparations would enal)le me to embark the Xvhole force at once, ih^^counsel prescribed by my or- ileis. The next day w' ''^ not. t& 1^0; It wa:';^4*l:^^Srt "'"•'"'• •^''-*'>''*i4' to im^r & ? CcCtr ''rf ^>«"'-' » pouit where no reinWemei.ri'n k*" ^™0 »<■", «* some days. I saw t^t tb! „? u'"''''> "^pected for was declining r^Tdly-Zt "" ^l''^'' "^ '"fS"''"- t'oo,,. was to depend '^ ^ ''"*" *''*^' <>« them chieiij' I ,"""" ^"eUC. tJOI. Coins ^^■^•JV^OJ, Jputtothemthis<,uestionim„/;, "«?»"'«'««-V decided tha , e^f !"!:*^'-«"*''-^ They moas^ls q>,,l .*l;: ^.. ^^*^'^» *fO»PS would derrpnc^ . ^L„ ^ in tentfc in the month of Decei smber,^ jfiafb mi: ■'^h- 2^0 HISTORYOF Although a cloud of witnesses could verify the fact thathe.killed Tecumseh infair personal combat, still his modesty would never permit him to proclaim him- self the hero of that chivalrous feat. He is doubtful whether the Shawanoe chieftain approached him with a tomahawk or sword ; for this reason : he kept his eye full on that of his savage foe, without regarding his ed the officers that the attempt to invade Canada would not be made until the army was reinforced ; directed them to withdraw their troops, and cover them with huts immediately. , , .. You say that on Saturday every obstruction was re- moved, and that a landing might have been effected "e has on more occasions than one, appointed of the sishts. brpnlr tl,„: a- without rationsCrZ dS *"*''*^= »'• '^«.ey »Her%rttte; to 'isti^^'^i- -f -' «<•- «on«hatyoua.e patriotit and " '^ ! ,'""^^'- ^^J' ""Pres- wiU not censure me for fo1?owin" A *" '.*"•* ^hat you f •'.xperience; norjoin in the sf„«f ""'*.'""'' ^o-^^els aga.nat me hy an interested man ''"'' "'*"""• ^■''"te'l good. From deserters wp if! l™^ command vva» •ssued daily on thc7ro„tie£'Xtl*n *v^\'^ rations art K>ng, prisoner at Port Genrl ^•i*'*'' *'''«• Capt. h«s--<tial.otthis hS" «' 'iesertion .'— '-"^' '"^ <« /«rf/c«»&, for the attlc» In the boisterous month of November, amid almost in- cessant rains— witli five p^.vere wounds which had barely begun to heal, he was ccT/^^eyed from his lodgings in De- troit, to a boat but illy provided with hands and with scarcely a covert from the chilling storms of the season. f -p»Hi9 fortunes arc then eomraitted to the elements— the jrail barge is tossed on the tempestuous lake by many an adverse ga^'^— night and day the laboring oars are plied— the rain descends in torrents— the able«t hands are exhausted— for toil is constant and sleep a stranger. Finally, after 90 hours of unremitted exertion the party arrive at Fort Stephenson— at midnight : ibr the inde- fati'^able James lohnson was at helm, and no obstacle is to him insurmountable. Here the boat is abandoned-rand the wounded hero h placed on a litter, suspended between two horses- ihe rains recommence ; but the rout is continued— a dreary wilderness, streams unfordable, horrible roads, numerous rivers and a tedious distance of 300 mUes separated our party from their b^oved Kentucky. ' Yet all tlii formidable impediments were overcome with inaeible perseverance and astonishing celerity. TOsi^iot fiction nor exaggeration-It is rathx^r an imperfect picture ot thai ii«icul-uii aa^ «.-.....,-,.— <£-Ji.:ii^4>- >r^'' ^Ifid THE LATE M Al was 80 far recovered from l.i= , '^^"t"<:lvith di.sti„gui,„«, olucvemeute ahva^ksp .'""'"' "''"'' '"^»''= »- '>«r. -*'-• -ii * #■ ..'-^^ ■HP M4 HISTORY OF m i^^^i ' Biographical notice of Lieut* Col. George Croghan, . A FKMALE correppondent of the Port Folio, wha during the early years of Croghan, was an inmate un- il«r the same roof, has given the following sketch of his- juvenile character. "Though ingenious in his disposition and unassuming and conciliating in his manner, he was remarkable for discretion and steadiness. His opinions, when once formed, were maintained with modest, but persevering firmness ; and the propriety of his decisions ge^ierally justified the spirit with wliich they were defended. Yet, though rigid in his adherence to principle, and his esti- mate of what was right or improper, in cases of minor importance-he was all compliance. I never met with a youth who would so cheerfully sacrifice every personal gratilicationto the wishes or accomodation of his friends. In sickness and disappointment he evinced a degree of patience and fortitude which could not have been ex- ceeded by any veteran in the school of misfortune or pl)illll^ophy. Were I asked, wlmt were the most prom- inent features of his character ? or rather, what were e prevailing dispositions of his mind ? at the period of idi I am speaking, I would answer deci&ion and tir- ^Jja^j0yj the former resulting from the uncommon and estimable qualities of his understanding — the latter, ^m the concentration of all the sweet "charities of life" in his heart. F " Lieutenant Colonel George Croghan, was V&th at A.WUSW VSiVVCj »wH& Hiu iU.H.S V4 %,-issvj -u-«a — — .- -^ — r m left in 01 sucii Hisi ginia crted the SI five s ary ai Capta or of brothe condui lie woi mill tar him th wester] «e chac ../^ Tim 7,ATK WilR. „^ His mo(her is the 3112. r r "i"'"'"'^"''"- '" <='•'«''-'• the support of „rtt a;;*"; '■''"""' '^^^"'^ *•"-••<" C.iai„-rcl el '.''''"■'''"•"" '"Sother with --~^^x::rt?f:r££^ I .__^ U,e attention a»d «l»ir.tion of all who kne,r ent. They were orTTT " '"* P'^""*"- *«'■ .cad with d«rX vvhl ■" '""'■''^ """""•J'- "e* r-.S and i; iltttSrto "' *»""»'»'7*f- Pecting battles. His p 'LpaVl ""' "*'■ "ing and hx hi,nf!n„. ?. '^ aninscments were gun- («.• With noatt.„dat\rt'.K:!:!i!.::r''!,f'»-' «^ve chac. ,0 the fox,or hattle t.^^^^;^ 5SG HISTORY OF " Kothiiig oflfettded him more, than for any one eveir In jest, to say a word disrespectful of Washington. « While in the state of Kentucky his time was prin- cipally occupied by the study of his native tongue — geography — the elements of geometry — and the Latin and the Greek languages. In these ditFerent branches of literature he made a respectable progress. « In the year 1808, He left Locust Grove for the pur- pose of prosecuting his studies in the university of William and Mary. In this institution he graduated as A. B. on the 4th of July 1810 ; and delivered, on the day of his graduation, an oration on the subject of expatriation. This, oration was deemed by the audi- ence, concise, ingenious, and argumentative, and was pronounced in a manner which did great credit to his oratorical powers. , The ensuing summer he attended a course of lectures on law, and upon the termination of the course, returned to his father's where he prosecuted the study of the sam^ profession, and occasionally in- dulged himself in pis^elldneous reading. Biography aifid history have aMays occupied much of his attention. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the wrrangs of Shake- speare, and can recite most of the noted passages of that great poet and philosopher. He admires tragedy, but not comody. He is (as his countenance indicates rather) of a serious cast of mind ; but no one admires more a pleasant anecdote, or an unaffected sally of wit. With his friends he is affable and free from reserve- bis manners are prepossessing 5 he dislikes ostentation, and was never heard to utter a word in praise of him- self; ^ " ■ '^' . « In the autumn of 1811, was fought the battle of Tippecp.noe, This was the first opportunity that oft€r^4 fori n-ith of a rison theti my H ment tivitj for wa that << the. tr€ ness," to post " Now busines canoe 1 ascertai the- nur whose s haviii» J observin Jegulailj pHed bin acts of tj officers '' Aftei greatly h. ^eclaratic »y. Rec Und wer{ h^jiyiiiii^g of a volunteer, and Ita n ' ^""'''" *''* '='«™=t«-- risen. On the 7th ,.f Notr,'"* "'' *» ^^»"»' ««- the troops under tl, ^'''"'"'\'"- »" *««Jc was made on went young Cril"! ■^"'i "'"' ''''"•'S «'e enga-^e. f"-- war, that many „f . L tmln ''' P™"'' "^ ''«««•'» that « he „^ .^rn a so ^ T"' '" ""'•"^ ^'"'^kecl *he. troops of Tinpecanor,' *""" "'•>''''« ""»<"•» »*«^," and dur4'the t;t.ri' "*".'" " ""''"'"■^i^ *o post, exclti,^„ tie cour^g^^ Alrr ''' ."-J- ^om posi ' ^ow mj- brave feJlow. 5n, ■ 1 '''' ^^ exclaiming, ^---s." Upon theX7^ fr "'" *•* "'» "«-» canoe they were frequenrl/f ""P' '"'■'"» %P- ascertain the fate of Lir I-n ^ *'*"'"" ^'•'"WS to the number of these t'ave^"" "' '""''''■ ^-"-S ' ;hose son was slain n the bat«r"rr "«"* """J having ascertained the liL,^ \ *^°'''"«1 C'-<>gh»n oh-rvinghis inabili^to S" "^ ^f"'' "•"•«« •«gu!aHy made his fires for h^ ■""''* '""'''^ 'ahor, P'ied iim with prov ^ i: 2^'' T"'"^' "'"' '"P" ac*s of this kind arlX' If r' T*^ ""'"^^- ^any "Seers of Tippecanoe! ""* ''^ ""* '"'^iers and " After the battle nf 'T- f at!r increased, and LIf t^""' '" "'""''•r «'ior -Jeclaration of warTe eXL T'^*''* of * Speedy ■7- R«commenda ory f tters „f r"" ^"^"^^'^ *- !-«». -re written by'Gentll^lll.r^'"."?"--*: --secretary of ^ar qt.^ "" '""*"3«« aiiu jfoyd "-f "ties asL.t Slit B iSr ^ •=»—«- ^nia.n, he was appointeai I «28 HISTORY OF tain in the 1 rth FCgiment af infantry. He M^as fftation^ ed sometime at €lark cantonement, near the tails ol Ohio 5 but had not been long in command ther«, betore he was ordered to maixh, with what regulars he had, to the head quarters of the north western army, then at Detroit. His countenance beamed with delight upon receiving this order. Before thej had proceeded far they heard of Hull's surrender. \ « Shortly after thi^ the command of th« north west- em urmy was given to Oeneriil Harrison. Colonel Cro- ghan commanded a short time at Fort Defiance, en the Miami, but upon the defeat of General Winchester, he mm^ ordered to Fort Meigs. ■ His subsequent achievements are recorded in another liactMof tMs work. ■ :' f* -■ ^1?D OF VOLUME FIRST. ■•> J ^ i- APPENDIX. *O^i-0i (A.) CThesc letters were taken with Pm.* , , the 5th of OctobeV, [s Js"! ' ^'^^^S^K «"» .1, thf f-r; have this moment reef & "T"/? ^' ^^ one of their scouts, so that *V^^^ *"''■«» that day bv contending parties it mav hi 1"" *= situation of^tK tKioTrnTdV" °"°«« wS ;tUiT "^^^ «« -the iS^a^So --i --'-^'Card*;«:S >^^ ^^^ England, Sec, Sr^ ji, r. A. McJiEE. ononis Hiajestjr's service.'?) f^.^'*r"^ '^^««J you this hv « ,. -^^/'^fi^^. */i% J, If 04 "X 01 Indians, evrpr^f ^k. ; .^\• Was, who -' -ept th. D^SrS &?ot IT ^ f"*"- ^ 2 ' APPENDIX. another route, imprudently attacked the fort on Mon- day the 30th of last month and lost 16 or 17 men, be- •icles a good many wounded. Every thing had been settled priot to their leaving the fallen timber,* and it had been agreed upon to confine themselves to taking convoys and attacking at a dis- tance from the forts, if they should have the address to entice the enemy out ; but the impetuosity of the Mack- ina Indians and their eagerness to begin with the near- est, prevailed with the others to alter their system, the consequences of which, from the present appearance of things, may not materially injure the interests of these people 5 both the Mackina and Lake Indians seem resolved on going home again, having completed the beJiMthey carried with scalps and prisoners, having no priilions there or at the Glaze to subsist upon, so that his ^lesty's posts will derive no security from the late WeaTinflux of Indians into this part of the S:^:::^^:i^^n^ to be, ,„.. J fv^f ^^.^^««rf, commandant at n., v ^.: ^^^^ ^RE. ni. . . had here, '"^ ^""^ ^'^ ^mw whkh the tfaCs »nd Roche de Bout, and^aft^"'"? '''*'**«» «»« lEe party of Delawares in *r ?"«'^''ards attacked a lm.U pulsed with tCTZ o? *''*"■ '""IP'- but ther we,^*"^" th-.w into therfc Vhey\%:^r ^.-^r ei&w"; yo- most ohedient ;„d''';e^la f^V^ **' ^'V Co/. England, *c ^^ ^. n . -^' McKEE IV •^w-ght me iTJ"??. i'""" Gen. Way^e'^ri."'"'* y"^- , ■ ■»- - 4 APPENDIX. eyening, it is supposed on account of the sick and woun- ded, many of wliom they bury every day.. 1 propoee being in town in a day or two, when I hope for tVie pleasure of paying you my respects. / I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, sir, ttHirniost obedient and very humble servant, ■ A. McKEE. CoL England, Sfc. ^c. Sfc. Detroit, (Endorsed " on his majesty's service.'^ (B.) JExtracts of letters to the secretartj of war, laid before Coufj^ress June llth, 1S\2, , HProm Capt. Dunham, of the United States' Army. '^U ' " Michilimackinac, Man ^^f 1^07. tPJphere appears to be a very general and extensive movement among the savages in this quarter. Belts of wampum are rapidly circulating from one tribe to anoth- er, and a spirit is prevailing by no means pacific. The enclosed f«/fc which has been industriously spread among them needs no comment. « There is certainly mischief at thi bottom, and there can be no doubt in my mind that the object and inten- tion of this ^i-c^t Maniton or second Adam, under the pretence of rc-itoriug to the aborigines their former independence, and to tbe savage character its ancient pao:'i!;ies, is in reality to induce a general ellbrtto ralltf and io strike, somewhere a desperate blow. "«• Extract fro?n a talk delivered at Le Maiouitinong, entrance of lake Michigan, by the Indian Ch^ef Le Maij^ouis, or tlie Trout, May 4, 180r i ^ ,- «1 am the father of the English, of the French, ot i^e Spaniard^ and of the Indiana. I created the first man, who was the common lather of all these people as v/ell as yourselves ; and it is tbrougli him, whom I have awakened from his long sleep, that I now address you, But the Americans I did not make $ they are not my cm- dren. hut the children of evil Spirits, They grew from the scuxp of the gi-eat waters when it was troubleu m the evil Spirit, and the froth was driven into the wpadb ^ APPENDIX. V a strong east wind Ti,-, ^ them, fy childreS, yorZt w """'T^' •»•* I Late Each village must sen's Te twn „ P"'* *» '"'t'-^ct yoo^ ^ « "S^r °^ the United Sf«/ , a --i " TFm "^^^fnliniacJci^nA a ^***es' Army. , ,. ^"e cause of iW y^JJl^i o^^^9 *Ausust SO ifilrV towns uifh ^^""^^^^attamie IndiluA^'^^'^^ *<> in- Prom GeneralWilHamcS"' ""■"•" ' msst jo: •in 6 APPENDIX, •ff from their lands. They told the savages, tl at the Americaiis,couia not give them a blanket nor ai«} thing «ood for their families. , , , xi «< They said they had but one father that helped them in their misfortunes, and that they would aaiemble, defend their father, and keep their lands. It appears that four English subjects have been at Riviere, a la Roche this winter, in disguise ; they have been there to get the nations togethor and send them on the American frontiers. The Indians are pushed on by out enemies to tic the fort of Belle Vue." From Samuel Tupper, Indian factor. « Sandusky^, 7th June, 1809. « The conduct of British traders introducing spiritu- m:8 liquors akong the Indians in this part of the countiT" andtSeir determined hostility to the measures of ^our government, have long been subjects of complaint. From Governor William Hull. " Defroif, Jiune 16, 1809. f< The influence of the Prophet has been great, and hi^ *dvice to the Indians injurious to them and the United States. The powerful influence of the British has becR exerted in a way alluring to the savage character. From Governor Harrison. « Fiwceanes, l^th June, laiOj^ « All Iowa Indian i«f«rms«ie, that two years^ago this Glimmer, an asent from the British, arrived at tne CpTet'sZvnfandinhi.prcsencedrfiveredth^^^^ ..ee with which he was charged : .*« /X""'*:^^ wSrh was to urire the Prophet to uiute as many tribes :,1tc6u1d a^^st the uled States, W .ot to co„, «encc hostilities until they gave the 8\S"»1;. %°™ r? „S and others of hi. nation, I learn fhat the Jj«P»f has been constantly soliciting their o^> V ''f,'* » f S/' ^^^^^ of the Mississippi to join him against the Un.teU States." -» From Governor Harrison, " Vmcennts, July lS,jeiV- « A eonsiderablo mimber of Sacs ^ei't «o.ue ume since tS see the British superi»t*#a»t, and "U the l»t 6i APPENDIX. ir^taue, mj more parsed Chicago for the aa«. desti- anLd wi^UoMahLntfteX:'''''''*'"^"^'' from hi. tooied donation of t>odf,ir.V""''''.T"'' *« ''"«^- British agent : "MfsonL-rnv addressed by the mjr tomahawk is now „n-h?r"'''^'',"'\'='' •""»<=; strilce until I give Kila'aK" '"'' '"'*''•''' *"•* ''» »»' From General William Clark. vi.t to tsrifia^s o^prt" v,:i;: ,r t^r *- From Governor W. H. Harrison. ,^_ *%■ " There can be no douhf nf T'a"^'' "^"^'J^* *810. . -d British a^:^?!^:^?!- o^tWProphet «dhimtofEart^ththeln.r ""t.'^* ^"'"'t'-y prompt-' them and Genf Wage's armv^B"".*" '"'"''= ''*''^««» •ppointment to thT nrinS' , "^ ''"'' "^^ «'n<=e W* endeavors to excite hLJaw? ^»f ".'J' "^•^'^ ^s utmost which he iraHowld to ca f^ the 'avish manner in shews that his eovernL^f f'*'^"*' *""»nS«t them, «nd authorizes ffs mea"u"*s.^' '"^'***'' "' ^'''"»^%,, From Governor William Hull. « Large bodies of Indianl' from 'ti;:''"^ T' ' ®.'°- southward continue to vfsrtL BrLh^„ I'.'t^l '"^ ' hurg, and are supnlied with r.\v.f- • ^ * '* AmKerstt nv Hnnpaxr«,.«.i ^ V ,. -Q— ""^*" ^awauiinave not th^BritisbgU:re„l^Zv2lLT '^?'i**'^ ^"* ^"ij endeavored to make fhp'fniJ-I'" \«"««« "ave j^ot - e.e„ies,M.th":,%^JS;-^^^^ yo\ir 8 APPENDIX. our wan lord to poison their minds and make them break tlieir faith with you. At the same time we had infor- mation that the British had circulated war belts among the west«rQ Indians, and within your terrirory." From John Johnson, Indian agent. " Fort Wayne, Ju^ust 7, 1810. « Since writing you on the 25th ultimo, about one Imndred men of the Saukies have returned from the British agent, wlio supplied them liberally with every thing they stood in want of. The party received 47 riflf^ and a number of fusils, with plenty of powder and lead. This is sending firebrands into the Mississippi country ,ina9mucli as it will draw numbers of our Indians to the British side, in the hope of being treated with the same Uberality." From Governor W. H. Harrison. '^ Vincennes, February 6, 1811. ' «n** lor thejr are all MlamiesTwerp ,),7f ' *','.'' ^^' '"ers favor of the Prophet, She u±d" s^^"^ ?'^''^«^ '» the Wea chief, whom I before m„„i**'?- ^apoftsier >ng seduced by the Pronhettr *"'""* *« ?<"• «s be- • • • • • what land i^ was k A! '■*'P«''t«dl/asfced by .lefend with his blood jXhAh'?, "'*' i«t«™med to ceded by the late treaty w not h.fT *''** W»ici. was answer. ^ "^ ""t, but he would give no bashLVe;;;^:^*^^*-*^" the I^^jans of the Wa- "gents at Maiden. He hrsn.vo,/'''* *» "^e British many goods given to *l.» t r ' '""'^" ""e fourth as tributiSg. ife examinpH If'T *' *''«:'' ^'^ now dis- ehief a„=d found S he had' t •"''J'^ °'"= """> (»» » 25 jwunds of Bovd^,. rr. "^eccived an elegant rifle He says every Indian is fuln ^ V^'^l »*er articles "fle or fusiJ) and anlbund,^ r "^ '"'"' » «»" ("ther ^'■o( this cou„t.t was ^2Tvl^T™l?''r• '^ fa. Maiden, and was told th^ttK-^ *''^'''"S« ^toies at the Indian departmen , which'l.^rK*"^ "*' SO^^s for >^ar, exceeded that of com 'o„''^'' '"T" »«"* »»t this ■sterling. It is impossiWe tn ,. ^t"^ ^J- ^O'OOOpounds anr other motive tVan that l^r ? I'-''^ •*'* profusion to ake up the tomahawk "iVcSf"^*'''' ^■""'"'^ to trade 5 for all the peltry collar In V° '*""■*> their Wabash in nn. , J'! f/ collected on the waters of tl,» wdWd not «;;"■;/'?''.". '"l^' ."> the Lon ' " w()teld S'ven to the fodjans not pay the frwVht nf Vl j '^?"''''" '"a'-ket, « the Indians ^" °^ *''" ^oods which have been 10 APPENDIX. « I tm decidedly of opiniori that the tendency of tho- the British measures is hostility to us." From Governor Willi* Blount. " jyiishville, September 11, 1811. « There is in this place a very noted chief of the Chickasaws, a man ot truths who wishes the President should be informed that there is a combination cf the northern Indians, promoted by the English, to unite in falling on the frontier settlements, and arc inviting the southern tribes to join th«m;" ^ From Governor Ninian Edwards. Cahokiay SL Clair county, Illinois TerrUory, Jpril 24, 1812. «The opinion of the celebrated British trader, IKxon,*'i3, that in the event of a British war, all the Indians will be opposed to us, and he hopes to engage them in hostility by making peace between the Sioux Bttd Chippewas, two very large nations, and getting them to ueclare war against us.'' Extract ofa letter from his excellency Ninian Edwards, Governor of the Illinois territory to the secretary of war, dated i^ Illinois Territory 9 January 25, 1812. « Miiny of those Indians certainly contemplate join- ing the British. Thev are in the habit of visiting fort Maiden annually ? nd as soon as they are prepared ioc their depa^ ture ither, they will (as I believe they have already declared) make inroads upon oui settle- mmts, as well to take scalps as to steal horses." Extract of a letter from Gen.. William Clark, to the secretary of war dated " St. Louis, February 13, 1812. << If possession was taken of a point about the mouth of Fox river, where it enters into Green Bay, comuui- mcati'ins would be cut off between the traders and India, on the Mississippi below Prairie du Chieii, and the British trading houses on the lakes J^jmu^liDg might he prevented through iliai cuaBrici. mr. i^iSQw, md those British, who are also asents, who have sn\ug- gUd an immense quantity of goods through that «^»^*: this on t fieri j tow thiit large to be wher Extpf '«*. J8I2. ' hunting a few milcs'^rom l5^,%wT' ^"/'f' ^»"' '^a* ol the Shawanee proobS', h!' *, ** ^^""^"^y f°^ Indians |oe3, Kickapoos aCfcS' Sdt- "' ^'""''"'- sixdays ago, on their wJtTs'nCl f" '"""P "''<"" te tdr:^/-^' -''^ '^ ^?"S{*e'ser t-hti: 4 fiSitTffJr^^^^^^^^^^ ofa gentlemaa Wtfi a small nart v „«• t "™**'.i ^'''woWomje cAtVr j .^±,*-'-^P?^'t7encamp;dr4'e\ti^'".^!°/- -?-«!- ttmg provisions from the ■**.4 *taotljr t'itlsh at Fort Mai #% IS APPENDIX. H den, and that it is firmly believed that he is waiting for a signal from Elliot, the British agent to commence hos- tilities on our frontier." Extracts of a letter from Robert Forsyth, Esq. to Capt. Rhea commanding at Fort Wayne, dated ; : « Fort Wayne, March lOt^, 1812. « I have no doubt but those Indians that passed this pd^ some time ago, are a deputation sent to the British garrison for the purpose of procuring ammunition." « iThe Morpock, a Pattawattemie chief, has wintered ajkriVef Huron, about twenty miles from the garrison of AJkher8tburg,and has drawn provisions and ammunition 'diMig the whole winter. He has about twenty men wifllhim." Eitrict of a letter from B. F. Stickney, Esq. Indian agent, to his excellency W. H. Harrison, dated « Fort Wayne, *ipril 18, 1812. ' "Mr. Shaw has informed j^ou that twenty four of the Prophet's band had passed tlus plaice in the last of Feb- ruary, for Fort Maiden, to receive ammunition, which was promised to be ready for them. They returned on the 4th instant, with as much gun powder, lead and new fusils as they could carry.'^ I- APPENDIX. a (D) ^m'T' '''"*'"*«^«'. on Lake Leech, Feb 18n« sir—As a proprietor of the N W ' '**• '^*'- director of the Zond fill tL i : *• '^'"npany, and f y d.ty a, an officeVof fC uS^l' ^ ^"'"^^ive it *-?"rtory you are) to address voit^M*"*'"' .('» ^^ose ofthe many houses under vo^fr^n*"''^>'*"' *'•« subject ler of the greatest co „me^,ciI/":t;"'*l""V -^^ « ""cm- a company long renow.Ted for nf^- " "1 *''" "«'<'' and t.ons and greatness of v ewf vn, " ''''*'"," "^ *'"'""'«=- the rigor oTthe Iaw,ofX d'uti " ,!?"""' ""^ 'sno^nt of power. ''"> ""ties of iroj-orts of a foreign with the savlael"// 'b1-*:'^i *"15' S*''* tlieriglit of trade territories, bufbvnfm^!': ^'''^"'^ '" the uSfted States ing the duties Za"„inril' "'"'"'^^"^ *''«'» from pay! all the rules a^d est^i^li'ri*''' "I"' subscrihing ^nto cs^biishments ^,:^*S^^-} «"*•%-. "^»iy acquired territoiv nfl^?- ■ " centre of our l-Tobably yet beco.nc a q^„e,tt„ .T''' "' ">'ich it ,vil prnments, if our treaties wf|l,?,«"'*'5''*«" «•« t>vo gov. jects to enter into the India, T '"""^ the Hritish tub- fs in the „t!,er pa (s of om Z'"''.' ""*''« ^«™e 'iH.tn" l-e^n an integral^a t ot" the l,T^'^ ' *''" "«» havii^J « .^a;d treaty^ oir t adc s to « '**' ^!f '*^' ** '^e tim? Mississippi, complain ?op„V"!'f '""*''' «» the Lower that the members' of the ^^^v^;*'■''""="t, with justice, «n the frontiers of our N w 't^.T''^"' ""'<='« them tiie savages upon superior t«mr"'^'i.'""' *^'"'«^ it fonl, who pay the duSes of the? i ","''•'" ""^ "^a" af- Europe.andsMbscrihWo"'- -^"?'"'.''s ""iwted fm™ ' fe- ""= ''^euiatioDs prescribed by f- .-presentations ,.ave at length attracted tKe (T' \ 14 APPENDIX. attention of our government to the object in auestioii, and with an intention to do themselves U3 well as citi- zens justice, they the last year took some steps to as- certain the facts, and make provision against the grow- ino- evil. With chis, some geographical, and also local objects in view was 1 dispatched with discretionary or- ders, with a party of troops to the source of the Missis- sippi. I have found, sir, your commerce and estahlish- itients, extended beyond our most exaggerated ideas, and in addition to the injury done our revenue, by the evasion of the duties, other acts which are more partic- ularly injurious to the honor and dignity of our govern- ment. The transactions alluded to, are the presenting mzdals of hi« Britannic majesty, and jfa^s of the said government, to the chiefs and warriors resident in th« territory of the United States. If political su^- ots are strictly prohibited to our traders, what w'' • oe the ideas of th^ executive to see foreigners making chiets, and distributing Rags, the standard of an European pow- 6r. The savages being accustomed to look on tnat standard, which had been the only prevailing one tor years, as that which alone has authority in the country, It would not he in the least astonishing to eee them re- volt from the United States, limited subjection which is claimed over them by the American government, ana thereby be the cause of their receiving a chastisement , although necessary, yet unfortunate as they have been letl astray by the policy of the traders of your country. I must likewise observe, sir, that your establishments, if properly known, would be looked on with an eye ot dissatisfaction by our government, for another reason, viz. there being so many furnished posts m case or a rupture between the two powers, the English govern- ment would not fail to make use ol those as places ot deposit of ar.us, ammunition, &c. to be distributed to the savaKCS wl o joined their arms ; to the great annoy, ance of o^r territory, and the loss of the lives of many .a- n,. V ^;*wpr,«. Ynur ilaffs. sir, when hoisted in inclo- sed works, are in direct contradiction of the iaT/m ot «».• tions, and their practice in like cases, which qUJ fkOr n^. APPENDIX. • j5 an,UMiJ"'*'°M'''S'''^^"? expanded on board of vessels, and at the residence of Ambassadors, or consuls I -im no Ignorant of the necessity of jour being hsd. a ^ . savages, or the more deliberate plans of the intended r^^anderer; and under those considerations, ha el con. sidered your stockades. a»«-icon. must'b^^lf'-'' "'?!"">• "f^l.ich you are a member. "trict iL.?"''"""f.*';°'" fi*^ '"■•^pi-S statement that strict justice would demand, and I assure vou that the fctn'^?',""**'"' """l"" circumstances, i touf co fines n^f\- f'X''^y' Pefsonal in.prisonmeut and reason to t llnrjv"" ^'^"^'ion^y instrWtions and r.o ilfwrn it J- *^'^*^»^e conduct was dictited througli t in s .rJl'!'"'''".?* *" ourgoveiimient, and conceiVi^s «cer to enbi'r^K'']^*.'"^ '''■°'" *''' ''""'^cter of ai, o{" kxvs I am win *' ^'"'' opportunity of executing tl.ose «»s, 1 am willing to sacriBce mv niosuect nf mi.,. *^ « fo e to'V„ ■'^t'^f "'^ •" ♦!'« transaction, I have thcre- )JZu\^'^l If J""' i^ssurances on the follonin.v heads, wnich setting aside the ci.icancrv of la as !: gent eman, you will .fdctly adhere to : vil- ' ' " vnnr 1 /"i" " '"*'■'' 'epiesentations to your a -ent- at >Olir head nnnrfai.c «« T „ !._ c- • jy'*'- '*c>^"-i^^i<».l your D„^ts1/l'"Hl" ??' '"'"'f Jli'ife instructions ft all «ai ^tdyt:;"J^I V;:l"%';\^,*- --.ion,prese^ Aofifipnl cK^'..: T."" * '^^"* t:ounciis with 16 APPE?^DIX. American 9^nU, informing them tliat they are the only persons authorised to hold councils of a political nature with them. Theie are many other suhjects, Guch as the distribu- tion of liquor, &c. which woald be too lengthy to be treated of in detiiiU But the company will do well to furnish themselves with our laws, regulating the cxmi- merce with the savages, and regulate lliemselves in our territories accordingly. I embrace this opportunity, io acknowledge myself and command under singular obli- gations to yourselves and agents, for the aj^Mstance which yott have rendered us, and the ])o!ite treatment with which I have been honored. With acntimeuta of high respect, for the establishment and yourself. 1 am, sir, Your obedient sCiTant, Z. M. PIKE. Hugh. WGiUh, Esq. A-oprietor and a^ent of the N. W. company, established at Zond Du Lac. Leech Lake, 15th F^'^nmrz/, 1 806. SIR,— .Your address pre:?enfed on t!ie 6th inst. has at- tracted my moiit serious consideration to the several ob- jects of duties on iitiportatrons, of presents made to, and our consultations with Indians 5 of encloiing our stores as possible present the agents af the N. W. Cojupany with yourrepreseotations regarding the paying duties on tl>e importation wf goods to he sent to our establish- ments within ti.e bounds of the territory of the Unltel States, as atso their being entered at the custom house of Michilimackinac. hut I beg to be allavvcd to present fur consideration, that the majur part of the pods neces- sary >to be sent to the said establishments for the trade of the ensuing winter, are novv acttially in our stores at Kamanitiguia, our head quartet s on liiike Superior, a;ul that it would cause us vast expence and #(>»b!c to btf obliged to convey those goods back to Michpniackinaf to be entered at the custom house tlfice ; maJkim'^^^'t APPENDIX. i^ Wnty of a UtL^hZTr'^^.t^ equivalent to the cer- never been to injure vout- tS^ '• "•'"" "Mention has, tablished by laT TehontT' P''^"'S *•'''''««« es- your government resDefitin?n.n -epresentations to ans, may have LeffiT^J •*!'""T' "''"' t^e Indi- gerated iy envy to pr^udi^! „.?'-'^°*^' ""•» "»* e^g- a stain on our chara'S? if- u '' 'n^'^sts* and to throw face from Zo n^ndllfi ^tlV^ ?">"'■•« "'"^to "f- consider ourselves .-ndebtSfl £ 'n" l"''?"' ^^^ ""-at ever of which the preLnt I't „ot,bt atlt''""''''"'''' enclosures to protect on • .J^ » testimony. The conceive tliat such Doo.sl.rft,?,^'''' ".•"■ ^° '''e now the British goveinZnt In/trl' "'^^ '"' '""Pl-yed by "ood, so adequate to e^ervm^*''^ overshadowed wit^ short period ol time be hudf f7 '' -^""^ '"'8''* « a ad. we may have^c^LittteT™' '" ^"^ ^*-''- edge we ha've" be'enir'tt' "' *^^ f""^ » "knowF- ^ iew on your terH?,.'?! ^ commit, by cxliibitinff to I will plidli ,;"' f Z "^ '^'""'''^'' -^^ Great I}' fain the future display of.a B.itii? P"!?'"^' *" P'event medals, or the Jul, 1^ tn t m''' ^' ''* P'-esentingof of European powe , « "itlS 'tu"::,' ''7 ?"'«^»Srfc known to belono- f„ *i,l T* • ■ "'^ extent of territoi-v The custom fel^gten^e^l^KH ?' '■'"^ '-[""*'* ^tates^ ly and inolTensivelytas we imw ". "u^ »'e""=ocent. toittillthepreslritday """S'"*'^' ^ave confojmed fciif^ f^-.T _•. '^'^ "" pOlUiCal SublPrf« /.^ -^ ,. _*«.' inrxo our trade, and .efereuc^skll b^'Z, V2 mad* •■^(At.;iii-. 18 APPEKDli. id the American agents, should any application' be made worthy such reference 5 and be assured that we as a commercial company must find it ever our interest to interfere as little as possible with affairs of government in the course of trade ; ignorant as we arc in this rude and distant country of the political views of nations. We are convinced that the inestimable advantage^ arising from the endeavours of your government, to es- tablish a more peaceful course of trade in tliis part of tlic territory belonging to the United States, are not acquir- ed through the mere liberality of a nation, and are read/ in contribute to the expence necessarily attending them. U'e aic not averse to pay the common duties establish- ed by law, and will ever be ready to conform ourselves to all the rules and regulations of trade that may be es- tablished according to common justice. 1 be«- to bo allowed to say, that we have reason to hope, that every measure will be adopted to secure and facil- itate the trade with the Indians ; and these hopes ge-eu» to be confirmed beyond th-e smallest i dea of doubt,\vheri we see a man sent among us, who instead of private rousiderations to pecuniary views, prefers the honoi-, tilffuity and lenity of his government, and whose tran.J- actions are in every respect so conformable to equit}'. When we behold an armed force ready to protect or chastise as necessity or policy may direct, we know not how to express our giatitude to that people whose only view seems to be to promote the happiness of all, the savagiJS tliat rove over the wild coafiiies of their domain not excepted. ^» • j i i It is to you, sir^ we feel ourselves most greatly mdebt- ed, whose claim to ht>nor, esteem and respect, will ever be held in high estimation by myself and associate?. The danger and hardships by your fortitude vanquish- ed, and by your perseverance overcome, are ugnal, and will ever b^preserved in the annals of the N. W. Com- pany. Were it solely from the considerations ot those who have exposed their lives in a long and perilous march through a country, where they had ^j y distress tu suffer, and many dangers io eitpeci ^aiia ti^^ vfUw ^ APPENDIX. ' them, but we knowwe are^n 1 ."•'''S?''"" '""^i'^t itj and gratitudeTre to e orfsidel-P Pk"*"*'" ''"'P'**^- er viitR?, and therefore h»?f^.*^°^« "*''J' »*!'• *hat our 'poor mea„rca„ mZ •tnd'li'"'" ♦'•*":'«="'=*■ embrace the opportunitv f„ w'f ..' "'^' P*''"'"* i»e to ti«n/as ,„, humYl/roVSdSd"'"^'' *'="""-"'- «/ esteem and regard for Su'"" "" «• •^P'-««' I am, sir, ^ »°*"^ H. M-GILHS, 1st. ftegt. United States infantry. On the trade, views, and policy of theJvZ\h It' * /» Pmy, a,!d the nation^ obiicts conZMl -ft ^H"}' commerce, as it interests tL.n "'""*<='«'' «»'* their ted States. '"'*™»'» "'* Government vftht Vni- » In^objeVtT/ the^'r^nt'o'ir '''"?^^^*" ««"-■*-' has been chenM ed £ theTe '!"«- ** '"^""^ ' »'"' province, by every rel„lafirt"«S?vernors of that hoth the French {nd Wli")" '", *■ *."", P""'*"-' ""der great and almost unnmiW,enc:'tl.f [?""'' J''* ' country had acquired over th« « ^ *''* "'^"'t 'cit, and will long be remembered hvT''-.'?"' ''^"'■*'/ ft ontiers. Everv attenHnT! -5 . citizens on our St. James, in o?r treaiv ^^K*',^P""' ^J' *''« '^"'''■■■et of to their suMects m^fkH^r ^'Tl ^'•'**'"» *» *«"re S^iS^r^S^^ati^^e Michilima^dcioa;, t,; th': nnaS !*!. r' "'*"1««1 '""n ■■ fit,' so APPENDIX. short residence in civilized society, obtained for thern, the appellation of " Courcurs dcs Bois." From those trifling beginninji^s, arose the present north west com- pany, who notwithstanding the repeated attacks made on their trade, have withstood every shock, and are now, by the coalition of the late X. Y. company, established on so firm a basis, as to bid defiance to every opposition, \vhich can be made by private individuals. They, by a late purchase of the king's posts in Cana- da, extend their line of trade from Hudson's Bay, to the St. Lawrence, up that river on both sides, to the Lakes —-from thence to the head of Lake Superior, at which place die north west company have their head quarters ; from thence to the source of Red river, and on all its tributary streams, througli the couotry to the Missouri — through the- waters of Lal^e Winipie, to the Saskasha- win, on that river to its source — ^up Elk river to the lake of the Hills— up Peace river to the Uocky moun- tains—from the lake of the Hills, up Slave river to Slave Lake, and this year have dispatched a Mr. Mackenzie ©n H voyage of trade and discovery down Mackenzie's ^if^ij. to the north sea; and also a Mr. M'Coy, to cross t^mockv mountains, and proceed to the western ocean ^^h the same objects in view. They have had a gen- ,:tleman by the name of Thompson, making a geographi- cal survey of the norlh west part of the continent — who, for three years, with an astonishing spirit of enterprise and per6everance,j)assed over all that extensive and un- known country. His estalilishment, although not splen- did, (the mode of travelling not admitting it) was such, as to admit of the tnoat unlimited expcnces in every thing necessary to facilitate his enquiries ; and he is now engaged in digesting the important results of his enter- prise. I find from the observations and suggestions of Mr. Thompson, that when at the source of thef Missis- gippi, it was his opinion the line of limits between the United States and Great Britain, must run such a CQMrse, from the head of the lake of the woods^'as to touch tbc sowrce of the Mississippi ; and this I discovereij. to- h^ I ^e oniaion of the north west company, y^hom, ivi^jit I '* APPKNDiA:. il P'-etension, will throw out of i,' /''?/^"»S3">n o7tin» part of He,, ,,,,,;[Z n"cL" ."tlVa'^f tlLr T" of Louisiana. AVhereas if%|,l: ?• i, "'* ^""'"""^ fr-n the !,ea.l of tl,e Fak^ l[ 'c Woot T "-Vf ^^' "ed river nearly »ffr.- o„r "oodsi, it will cross conjectuix.! St fL /f «"*'»"« of Reed river, and it i* it is presumed, m,"Xt be li^f -^''ff'ences of opinion, twoffbvernments .frt. ^*''^ adjusted between the thattt by unfold ^t T'?^ ^^y,' >"" '' i« b^li^ve^ Way pro/uce^liffit It e« «l,lh"f '"'f »' *'"' «»•">''/. The nortl, west cmncan'v " ''" 1"**' P""*^*^-!* <="st .everal places on reS'ldt :Vl"arf'^'™«"*« ".* on the head watpra nffk^ • *'^^^^ ^^a*»^e bupericr, and which di.'fd.a^l^LmseUJinto^^K*'^''-''^"^ »'• ^"^^' noes, which bv a cal^^i»*- '"^ .'" "'""'a'lj' foHr ca- "•acitV and inLmatiV., It T'"'? '"^^ " |enl!eman ohl the Indian t?ad™and int^ht-^?? *'«''**>*» ^ea.^ « MichilimackiDw, U an" ^^^^^ duties would be in«f?l!?f \\ *'"' »"""«' a«><>»nt of Lmver Red River ^^.1^ "\»«sand doUars. The and the-4,d,onVbaycn™-n • """' *''^- ^''<^« by t!>e way of Lai e W;,Tf. ^ s servants, who import dollars more " ""P'e, su thousand five h«n5,-ed Pl■c^ent the smu-HinL of thf V ' i f "? ^^7 '"'''*^''' '» B/ c.tablishin>rpo!t|v.^h W. department, men, and an office »f !„ i* Sarrisoa ot one hundred liver St I ,. ,;! t '''f.^^^stoms, nearthe mouth of the Ptme^'t must Tnt^-'t ir'n"'"'^ '"""'' "if «" ^'^ ting point, where th/.l " '■**?■•«*«'• t th^stiibu- anltL", odr„'„^.efe^': ">■, •i'''« .".« establahment, ■; marked (or ^^'ii^i^:^^^!::;:'''''}^^'-^ » ft2 APPENDIX. Leech Lake, Tied Lake, &c. Ike. «cc. I am also of opin- ion, the goods for Red River (if it is within our bouncla- ry) would enter here, in preference U being exposed to seizure. It is worthy of remark, that the charter ot the Hudson's B:\y company extends to all its v>ater8, and if the British government conceive they had author- ity to make sucii a grant, tliey certainly would claim the country therein specified, which would extend tar south of the west line, from the head of the lake ot tUo "^Voods. , .. . The north west company, were about to push tiieir trade down the Missi sippi, until they would have met the traders of Michilimackinac ; but I gave them to u a- derstand, that it could not be admitted. Z. M. PIKE, 1st Lt. 1st U. S, Uegt.Infty. Description of the JV. JV. Company's Fort at Sandy Lake. The Foii at Sandy Lake is situated on the south side of the lake, near the E. end, and is a stockade of 100 feet square^ with Bastions at the S. E. and N. W. angles, pierced for small arms. The pickets are squared on the outside, rountf. within of about one foot diameter, and are IS feet above ground. There are three gates : the principal one fronts the lake on the N. and is 10 feet by 9, the one on the \/ . feet by 4) the one on th« E. 6 feet by 5. As you enter by the main gate you have on the left a building of one etory 20 feet square, the residence of the supenntend- ant. Opposite to this house, on the left of the E. gate is a honse 25 feet by 15, the quarters of the men. On enterlne; the AV. gate ynu find the store house on the right, SO feet by 20, and, on your left, abuildmg 40 ieet by 20, whicli contains rooms for clerks, a work-shop, and provision store. On the W. and N. W. is an enclosure of a!5out4 acres picketed in 5 in which last year they raised 400 bushels of Irish potatoes, cultivating no other vegetable. In this enclosure is a very ingeniously constructed vault, A, *..:„ 4i,« «%A•fa4/^As K11+ ivhifb likewise has secrd apartfW^uts, to conceal liquors, dry goods, (k-c. Des^ T ►decli ofab of It gethe 0" 10 insid( large tions The feet h cupied He ha with a feet scj inensi(j under extend goods, wild v'u derail window On tJ: fronting shop 18 called t Indians, cil were for inter joining (>n whicl i)^the lat On the which ha teis for t ^hkh. is AFPJiNDlX. ^ tfescrlption ojtke .V. W Co,„f „„,., k„,, „, £,,^ or about 5 acres S N V '^^ "" ""'"'"'"'' S*"**- ?f 130 feet, the pickete bd'n,. ifi ? T-"'' ^<"'=''»''« feet under ami i"j .k ... ^ 16 feet in lenjrth. s ? 10 feet are likrwi* ,l'rnv„ :. * !t** '""S- ^''^te's ■-side of the woiroj^sitth '"!''* S'"*"""^' »" the aige pickets. Ttttfw aVdE?"*'^'''''' tetwsen the tions pierced for fire amJ ^ " *™ '^l"*'^ « ''«- feet'ty '^^f, "lltS Mi.'":r'^'"'""S *•>* '«"-. » » CKpiedbv 'the director nf^^l ' ^t" Y-,*'"' »' *Wch ig oc H/has / hall 18 feet I'are t"^. '''' ^^ department. »ith an office. The ceT^ fc ''!^ ;."•"» "nd kitchen, feet squa,.,, with a bed room „''t^?'''"e %^°P »f 1^ U mensions. The E Pmi ;! . ^® rear of the same di. Mde,- which there i,^^ \''"'Se store 25 feet by 20, «xte„ds ove the ^vhole bundir* ^f ^^^"^' '^h* '"'t S'!ods,packsofpe tries «&'?'' ^"J'*""* '«''« «f f;onti.4;;i:-plvtrr;„?ol'''^"i^'''^"f«'* shop 18 by l/with . r^li;' • • V* *'"ch 13 a cooper»» cal/ed the Ind I . inli ^'■'■'"''',''»g '» ''^"^^ « a room In.Iiaas, and in ' ,ich kl'SiT''^. ^"^ ^''* '■*<=«?«•« "f ^il were enfertainedt la tf^ n'"' ™^? ""= ■" «""»• for interpreters -h,,!; J '""*''' '«« dosed bunks Joining f„ o,u i; TrtZT^TT" '^ ^'^'=* ''J' »»• ^' (in which my small ^^t, I ^* "1"^''^' f""- "•« ^'eAs «?the latterds Precill^.™''"''"*"^''-) Under botlt wMcVh^?onfr:Jr2r.P5f .:':.''iL"«''^ll^O fee^ ^ lers for the men ; also 's^'hu.r '''•^^' ii>i«et,for«t ti.. y at the seat of government (Boston) In AfassacL hies of"thr:" •"«''" f^'^""" '" 'he cons{:v" tea author lues ol the nation, and ntr'tmes witli *lio ,];«^J« * i Indti:r?r •?' bringingabrtrc" 'atlto SS: rtrtint trrf''° '=°"ff ' "■'"' » B"«^h force! of Ye-' iWa „l^ 1 "•" "'"•/''™''^g the easier., part thereof In J5^ •"'*'/"^"*'*"'" '^if' Great Britain. «e. their "^fiXr^L^fcrtr^^^^^^^^^^^ Murch 0th, 1812. •'^'^''^^ MADISO^. '■ vi»'»-\n.'n^" Tint* Ai i aironaze nor coimtcnan anv party J -B U » t.1 lAlllVXX'- MVt and that in addition to the motives already e^l}vy?,cl\A am Inpienced Inj a jzist resentment of the :pin'fidif ((ud dishoj^or frj' those who first violated iho cm- APPElN-Di.t. 27 dltiom upon which I ,oce!.ccd ihtir r«;, «,«<.. • ,„-,„ Inemh, and left me no'd-cice but k-hv'^r , ,, ? i "'^ o..sa,.y to sec«« tV,;^^^. ^ tii i;! ;:?;"" ^ >-" - "- AI'PLICATION TO UVnFR'ri-r. ^ UN^rrn """ '"'^''^'^ ''^ THE UMTED STATES. [Most secret ar„l confuienfi;,! ] M.y dear sir,~-Ti,o cxtSn .^''"•f''"':""''' J««''-'* at this (in,e in'thc roi",b" nl 7 """""" "^ *'""S^ the Governor in Chielf h 4\ «f 'f ' f ^''^''-ste^l to-. secret audconfelentia '>:ron to «?f '"•>''"fe 4''™ "" '» arrangement can be made totect f^,?"""' ''i:''"'^**^ "-" view, without thro*ir,.'an abslhl t ''"Porfant eii,!' iu mmist»s which migbt cv^ntuallv 1 / •?'! "^J'^^^ advantage. You will 1 .vl A . ^ j °"*"'"'*"^ *» X""!- . acquaint^ n.e fo. Hs ex^i|i^L?"''^"^?*^« tlie.-efore, to [.-! -^.'1-^^ ^t «e:rtre.^tT?,¥i;i^^^^^ to yourself.. "^ ." """^^^^e it without irjurjr n APPENDIX. At present it i« only necessary for mc to add, tliat Ae governor would furnish you with a cypher for carrying on your correspondence, and that in case the leading party in one of the states wish«d to open a communica- tion with this government, their views might be com- muuicated through you. I am, with great truth and regard, my de?ir sir, y(Jur most faithful, humble servant. ■^ ^ (Signed) * HERMAN W. RYLAND. John Henry, Esq. ^ No. II. -General instrMctions from sir J, H, Craig to Mr, Uen- ry respecting his secret mission. His Excellency the governor in chiefs instructions to Mr. Henry, February 1809. [Most secret and confidential.] quebec, 6th February, 1809. Sir — As you have so rsadily undertaken the service which I have suggested to you as being likely to be at- tended with much benefit to the public interests, I am io request that with ;;'Our earliest conveniency you will proceed to Boston. The principal object that I recommend to your atten- tio,n is the endeavor to obtain the most accurate informa- tion of the true state of affairs in that part of the union, H>hich, from its wealth, the number of its inhabitants, and the known intelligence and ability of several of its leading men must naturally possess a very considerable hie influence over, and will indeed probably lead the other eastern states of America in tliapart they may take at this important crisis. I shall not pretend to point out to you the mode by which you will he most likely to obtain this important nfonnai^on 5 your own judgement and the connections which you may have in the town must be your guide. I think it however necessary to put you on your guard againitithe sanguincness of an aspiring partjr ; the fed- eralists as I understand have at all times discovered a ieatiing to this disposition, and their beiiig under its pai - iicular influence at this moment, is tlic more to be ex- pected from their having ho ill founded ground f«r thdr APPENDIX. 29 mcIiHle the state o^ thlZfZ n ' • ^ '5"".''' '''^^«'-^«' I to their internal poli&i 5 AP,:"''*"\''°*'}.^it'' regard with Kn^land • thi - ?•*''* Probability of a w^ar great paStesbtothichTr''*'^! '^"^""P^ "f «'« two views ind de^ns rfX*^,''»"»t'-y ,s dfvided, and the ■ It has been suppose dlT ^^ may ultimately prevail, tern states shouK 'L.« V f ^^ federalists of the eas- ed influence, whkh mavllu'i." "^^'"'"S that decid- lic opinion, it is not fL??:u*T *"*■•««* the pub- mit to a continuance o?tl,>r'' ""^ke use of this ed, and wikss vca sl° w P"'^PT/'""'*%■ so miuUndf ^"'"'''^^'^ expectiJ that .1- P-srnfthrTughinntrof *r " " ' o( course exert vo,.v%„deavors* ^*'™'»nt Ws procure all the inibr- so APPENDIX. wiation thjit the short stay you will probably make there will admit of. You will use your own discretion as to delaying your journey, with this view, more or less, in proportion to your prospects «f obtaining any informa- tion of consequence. I request to hear from you as frequently as possible, and as letters directed to me might excite suspicion, it may be as well that you put them under cover to Mr. , and as even the addressing letters always to the same person might attract notice, I recommend your sometimes addressing your packet to the chief Justice here, or occasionally, though seldom, to Mr. Ryland, fcut never with the addition of liis official description. I am sir, your moat bbedieat humble servant. (Signed,) J. H. CRAIG. ^hn Henry, Etq* No. III. •HESEVTIAL mOM SIR JAMES CRAIG TO MR. HENRT, 6th IEB. 1809. (Copy) fseal-] -, . *Fhc bearer Mr. John Hcnr^, is employed by me, and full confidence may be placed in him for any communs- nation which any person may wish to make to me tn tae business committed to him. In faitii of which I have •nven him this under my hand and seal at (^ebec, the ?th of February, 1809. t w r^B ATP Signed, J. H. CRAIG. No. IV. JIfr. T[mry's letters to sir James Craig, written whilst employed on a mission to Boston. Jlnswer to the letter of Mr. Secretary Ryland, proposing the mission, S^c, No. 1. Montreal, January 31, 1809. I have to acknowledge the favor of your letter of the 'Seth inst. written by the desire of his excellency the Got. in chief; and hasten to express, through you, to his excellency my readiness to comply with his wishes. I need not aaa now very Haiicrui^ *- *« .-^ ...^^..- from his excelleney the assurance 9f the approhation OJ APPENDIX. 3^ liis majcftty'ts secretary of state for the very l.Mm).l. services that I may hav4 rendered. ^ ^*""'^^'' u the nature of the servicer in yvU'mU t ^ i i «ed will require no oaterjisTur:; I' s\C for'^fr ■'/. «. %/onrf, esj,. sec. ^.j_ '• »» J- S,„-I have the honof^rS^^&hi^'ecet^- f which might enable meiundSdUcWr' Th"** spLah f 4K-Ju -x^ . V of Massachusetts is now m Cwii k; ttrtpfaUr'^i im»eui:;:i™ carryine on a «£-.«* explanation of tlie means if WcyV safe Drivel "■*'P'*"'**""i^'''ch *••« frt- necessary at anv fin?» i /A^' ^"""'^ '* however be index ade fu"n^she 1 verv ,if ''%*°*'-'^*'* «>** ^^^ it there is a number for ZltX^rtT^^TT^"- ^^ at AlbanvTl'fin^Pl^llu^^'^* *« «»y that « troops ^e stands for^ troom' TnA '"^^ '^l'^"^ " ''" t^^t numLer 15 tanas lor troops and a number m for « Albany.'^ ?.T APPENDIX. •i!f ■ The intervening words « «re ai^ I supply by figures corresponding with the letters in these words. ft will te necessary tf. j)rovide against accident by addressing the letters 1o Mr< — — -, of Montreal, with a small mark mi the conAer of the envelope which he will understand. When he i ecieves it, he will then address the iriclosura to your excellency and send it from Montreal by mail. I will be careful notto address your exce'lency in the body of the letters, nor sign my name to any of them.—They will be merely designated by the init-als A. .13. if this modti &J;oiild in aay respect appear exception- able, your excellency will have the goodness to order a more particular explanation of the card. Jt would reach me in safety addressed to ~, Boston.. I have the honur to be, &c. J. IFy. ■ No. 3. Birlington^ Vermont^ Feb, 14, 1809. . Sir — I have reiiiained here two days in order fully to ascertain the progress of the arrangements heretoiore made, for organizing an efficient opposition to the gene- ral government, as well as to become acquainted with the opinions of the leading people, relative to the mea- sures of that party which has the ascendancy in the na- tional councils. On the subject of the embargo laws there seems but one opinion : namely, that they are unnecessary, oppres- sive and unconstitutional. It mus^ also be observed that the execution of them is so invidious as to attract towards tlie oiScers of government the enmity of the ^ people, which is of course transferrable to the govern- ment itself ; so that in case the state of Massachusetts . should take any bold step towards resisting the i«xecu- ^ tion of these law^;. it is highly probable that it may cal- culate upon the :.cafty co-operation of the people of Vermont. . .1 learn that Ihe governor of this state is now visiting the towns in tij*^ northern section of it , and makes no secret determiaii)-!^ as commander in chief of the mi- litia, to refuse ol-^dience to any command from the gen» APPENDIX. .^ . So era| government which an f«r,,i 4 • i understanding that prevaS.*M„:e'.l''th^''V'''6»»'' Vermont and his nni.at„v' V. "**"? *»« citizens of further i„tim'ted,"hithfcasetr,'' '"■^"'"'I^'- ^'» influence to preserve tie ^*»*. « * ."■' ^® *'" "^^ ''•» all the force L can r«m,t }^ """tral, and resist with Part^. I Teed ^:? aSHhaUnhf '"'P' ^^ ?»'^« " * rarrfed into effcct^RatrnVL*^*'" /''"'"""n' «« «"?;: as an all^ of 'Oreat Britl' ^""•"'^•"'J^ ■"= '=»''^M- Jr ^Jla^n':, Jbta p^ev,i, in this tern section of this state iTml^u?' "'■*''«" '» the eas- onljcansay, withTertainf v *? f"" ^ *r°"J'='='"e' I the federal part/'S^^^^r f/'lnd h""""/ "?», "^ thai s common senfimoni ' i ' ™erefore infer. throughout New England ^'''"^'' ^"^ *'«''« body initor^hi^ co^S/S n'?«r -- *t Wash. contents ma V serve toXot, 'i^t?'*"' »nd as it* there, I sh,lf send e "her Ta « "* ^^* "" Passingevents dispatch. The wri frVthe^'Sr'."'- « ^m with this ter and veracity ; and IhelLir'' " * "*" "^ ''""•ac fo-m conect opinions h.Wlf- '='"»?«*?'>* "p "ot to reach of all the\iowled3f . ''"'hably within the party to which he belTnT ft «„""» K"^^'''^^ ^T the that there is a very fS.l,M PP^*'? h/ his statement the side of the aSminXtion" T^^J '» '"»S^*«« »« there is every reason to h„petha7th':'*'''l"'''»S which their distinct capacity wifl un ?e iH"*""*?? **?*•»•« war with Great Britain Tn i x . ™*"* hy force a "ill first shew ifsel? "; pISblbt '"^^'' *^'!i™«i'ta>>c: "Pon ; and may in some iSeasurl-^/"* J** determined ance that ^he leadinKmen 1,T„'!''P'"'' "?<"» ^e reli- of support from his maip.fl'T •'^ ^ ""* "P"" assvraaces »nd as I shalUe on tHlt'^P^^"?*''"-"'"^''"'''''' ' the moment arrives that it f,n k f*"''*'" *hw whenever ^ no doubt that all theh- m«-^ "J*^ ''^'"=*' *••*'« dinateto the intentfo.w !r;^L"'■!^'»''7 !>« «ade subor- *e con..rreace of the^soiSTrSft"-! I J4 APPENDIX. jects of Frailce j and every thing tends to encourage the belief, that the dissolution of the confederacy will be accelerated hy that spirit which now actuates both political parties. I am &c. A. B. No. 4. • jrindsor, Vermont, Fi'Ik 10,1 m^^,- pji^— .Mylast (No. 5.) was written at iiurlingtoii, th« principal town in the northern part of tlie state of Vermont. I im n^W at the principal town in the cas- ern section. The fallacy of men's opinions when they pxt under the inliucnce of sensibility, and are strongly excited l-y those! hopes which always animate a rising party, lead me to doubt the correctness of the opinions which I i*e- Q^ived in the northern section of this state : whicn^ ftom its contiguity to Canada and necessary intercourse with Montreal, has a stronger interest in promoting a good understanding with his majesty's government. Therefore since my departure from Burlington,! ha^/e soHght every favorable occasion of conversing with the aemoorats on the probable result of the policy adopted by the general government. The difference of opinion is thus expressed. The federal party declare, tliat in the event of a war, the state of Vermont will treat separately foritselt with Great-Britain ; and support to the utmost the stipula- tions in which it may enter witliout any regard to the policy of the general government. Tiie democrats on ^he other hand aseert, that, in sucli a case as that con- templated, the people would be nearly divided into equal numbers *5 one of which would support the government if it could be done without involving the people in a civil war ; but at all events would risk every thing m preference to a coalition with Great Britain. This dit- lerence of ophiion is not to be wholly ascribed to the prejiddices of party. The people in the eastern section V ifi'lilOIiL tirC liUi. J^jpciatcvs. upuii uj vU-^. ^„....- se on the borders of the British colony. The.se are dependent upon Montreal for the salQ of tiieir f ra- 01 APPENDIX. latioii 111 congress are of the f^?ll? 5*''" 'epresen- ""t believe tlfut the state wouMstanrl-^' ^'-•' ''"'y ''« Ihe national eoveinment Tl^ T "'""^ ""d resist tl'at should tife sute of Vermo?t tT '""''^'■*^ ''""r sentedasatnipspntif .. i j™ . "^""t'nue to be renin the neighbir'I'nrstofesrrn^ltYerioT '''l""^^. ""''«"'• to a war, ,vhic?it mighttZilVlT ?'?" "^ 'e^istance I !'>nk is the safer ognirKut'"V" "''"f*- '^''« •ehance ought to be placed .m-^». ^ "" ' if indeed "Pon the wfu of the Ke v^hf /• '""*""■« ''•^PenJing ■nust ever be marked wfthiC' an '' *^*': ^'>»nging «nl stancj. As the crisis apprClfe^^ tl '''1-«' ?'*'' '"«=«"»- c'dingupon an hazardous aWPKn»;' ^'''.f.'ffic'.lty of de- unfortunately there is not Iv**'"* will increase ; anhi^ abilities are „^t suTted !, f?"'?. *''=^" ""^ "'•"'H « "v.I v.„ would place hJm ° ^'"' ^'t«at>ons in which ■f am, &c. * - No 5 ^'^- ' afe and favorable opLr^un tv 'r !?• ^"""^f^rds a *^er account of niy Zgre., '^ "[ f .T'-S ^Wm fur-. «'e post office, wlien I^can'.vnli^ " T* '"Wuse of O'-casions supercede the nee ,,r !•* ' .^,?^»»«e P^vate «'^<1 the contempt of decencmnd,«' '"'■■'*■"«"' cypher 5 P^rtof the mollis of tCE^uJSl'P''^' '*'"«'' 'orms facy^would incline thei^ rrl?3*'fi'=«s ofa democ- "'aaierence, that theybreaVt^^r * ^^''J '"*'» ">« «ame • Jts^' ;:. 36 APPENDIX. which the federal party will carry opposition to thp n&tional eoverrmcnt in the event of a war. Bluch may ;.i inferred trom the result of the election of governors which within two months will be made m the states ot Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island. From all I know and all I can learn of the general gov- ^rnrnent, I am not apprehensive of an immediate war. Th, tuiu.UrLO is the favorite measure ; and it is prohable that other means will be employed to excite hngland to commit some act of hostility, for the sole purpose of placina: the responsibility of war on that country ; this 1 most particularly recommend to the consideration of ministers. The dread of opposition, and the loss of popularity, will certainly keep the ruling party at Wash- Ington inactive. They will risk any tuing bu the loss of power; and they are well aware that their power would pass away with the first calamity which their measures might brir-vipon the coiiimon people (from whom that power emanates,) unless indeed they could find a sufficient excuse in th^ <^?n*i^,<^^;^^,^ . ^^Xa * This impression cannot be Uo deeply fe^^ b> his majet- ty's mimster^,nor too widely sprea. ihrotig^liout the iritish nation. It will furnish a sii ^ Sui' m very poli y thai may be adopted towards the Uiu. »tate». 7 \ave th.^ honor to be, & c ^* ^* No 6. Boston. March 5, 1809. S;v-I am uvored with another opp/ytunity of writi^^^^ ia you by a private convey mce ; and think it probable, ^^J^l^ihfdih fr .uency of these will render ui ^ccbsary to write to y u m cypher. I oesnoty. appear necessary, that I should dis cover to any pei n the purpose of my visit to Bos^n nor is it probable u.at 1 shall be comp lied, ^^v^'^l^^' of gaining more knowledge of the arrangements of tl^ fedfral party of these states, to a. v myself as a refed- W n'Zrised acrent of the British government eve^Jo thos'c individuals who would fer equally ^.^^J^^^l^: myself to preserve with the utmost mi utabiUty «o im portant a secret from the public eye. i of I the ^ vidu the 7 sess \ presi the r state gins tliQ gi the ir thoug imme Madii about duced tercou cede t Europ strong the vej will jt gree ol €rnmcj respon: of the Frar )mme iiercha a( uies 'Til. ( iiitted 1 ten-upte ><)on lations I; <)pinion hope tlm ermnenl APPENDIX. t© thp chmay pernors atcs of Island, -al gov- .te war. Tobable Ingland •pose of 7 ; thi§ ation of loss of t Wash- the loss r power ih their e (from ;y could Britain. majei- iiout the n ^ery State*. 1809. f writing )robable, I render nuld dis- Boston : the sake Its of tJic ,s a reji,a- t e\en to J :*i. liliU "'Vi''= Lty »o i«" I the national /ot-.r»S ot i^.;| "^^ '" sess in any new order ofthiZl 'If!"""' '% "'"y jp««- immldiafe >va'- yet no doull ? " ? P>?bability of ai Madison will faTlunon ,om! '="'«'-fe>'>e'i, that M,'. about l.ostrl t es ^fCAu* "''"' ^''pedients to bring <.«ced f^ ^'Siappoa t%"r:{tit^^^^^^^ r sif o"€"h'- ?i '^'^^^^^U4 "»;."": Europe a 3? L^^*!l * ^ ''P^"'"^ with the rest of stron^emp^s^ol' f\*^tthrirr4r^f ^^^^ Sent of 'tht o.mt;;":^^^^ 'i, "•"•'?"« *''« g"- responsibilityof '.a'oomtf, r"' *" T '"'"^ "'""« and of the Briti/h nunf, l"""'! j^'iV *«"'''^>YP°" *'"•«<= ■" France si,ou"d ca!^' e • i-^ "/"^^ ""''''"''' wimerceof New E,'- ,n!l .."''"'"*"'' '="'' *c merchants I>ei„4L,-c3'v:ddl'r;f ^T*'^ f?'^*"' '^"^ ac uiesce in tboi^'-t ^ *• "'■'"^"«i-aged would not only .»ittedb"r"oir;'e1att'i --"*-•»«<= P- ,.n„ "^1 <:,people fl^ould i,e clamorous for nore a».I lation l^i" ''^f^«™>"enc to restore ti. e > I'n u'y ,, •■ lations lietwcen the two countries W.'U\\ain-^ opinion upo this «nK.v-t l " .:!.i: ^ '"'': ^ '''^'"' "'^ II 68 APPENDIX. Eli. cedls, that a principal motive to the acjjttstmcnt of -.1 have now ascertained, with as much accuracy as possible, the course intended to be pursued by the measures and politics of the administration of the geu- trai govcriiincp.t. I have alrf ctly j^iven a, decided opinion that a declara- tion of war is iiui to be expected ; but, contrary to all. reasonable calculation, srotild the congress possess spir- it and iiulcpendence onougli to place their popularity in jeopardj^ by so strong a measure, the legislature of Ma anil m ^Vhat permanent conncv 11? '''i?'''''«''''='"'"«'''- Has section of the ," ,ul,l . . I?" '^'■'•■'" "''""'' «"'' commotion such asn iX '""'f S™"' 0"t of a civil pared to describe •f'-.''' ''■^''"^'''' "» per^on i. pre- >m.st resid ,.f „eVe.,it. socms that a .tnct nlli; „c. party confine tlu^rclVuValt ■"'"'"I ''"= °l'P"^itioa freel^entert^S^Vepro '« of '.'■■•T-'''"';''' ",-^- ^l" ««? states from the uniom7ndinJif ," '*' '"'S "'" '"'^"'^ although a course of 'even "« fch 21 rT^''^^'^' ' tioned, would inevitahW n,„, '.''''^^''<='o''e men- tion of the New En^Unf /^ '.'," *•' '"durable alicna- t™th is, the colmol neiut "* ^°V">«™ states. The constitution of the Unfte^L ' T ■l'"'^ ?S^''^'''^ the ttej are now onl v disposed fntbU^ complacency that like a truant mistie=« ?„)?„ ,u 1«a>-ter to treat it away on a seZa e mai 1 ^^^X^o^^d for a time put andgreaterpFovocttTon . ^1'*' ^'"' '^"'""t f"tSer It will soo^n be k^'oTn'; Jha^^'''^°>'*'V'^I'•"««*" are to remain until «.e meetbf of C.""" P"^"" ""'''''••' May, at which time also flfil?^ • . . "'"■ congress in semble. The Uvn^l^l^l \i.^ 'fP^lature will again as- of much anxU;? ""'""'' "'«' "^'«"«"« will be ^period *n all I have vvrlffpn tk« t. any ii..pression anXtous to Jw?/! "•"^''.' ""* *" -"a^e entertained by the o,fn.?.w- '"* «»t''"siastic confidence pectations tha^t aniS '°f:"°?" l^' ^'"f'' '^"'' "x" twecn the northern st 1. ."?.''' "'^ "» alliance be- abstracted mysef from «!.*?"** ^'■'=** »"'«'"• I Co c"!ated to inspfre hi^,"'" sympathies these are cal- the utmost coSnceTn^r ln"tlT ^^^''/''S *"* » f«e' eadmgcharacters in this DolWr,fr^°' '?*'"*'»'>»'' the that they derive their pow^rfr'^r/i^S"?"'- ^ '^""'^ '''"•««» -ce,w^.;^---«-^e^,.anr;^^ 1 am, occ, •'* A. B. 40 APPENDIX. No. 8. Boston, March 10, 1809", Sir — In my letter No. 6, 1 took the libert;)^ to ^presft my opinion of the probable effect of the nonintercourse law intended to be enacted ; and of the mode by which Great Britain may defeat the real intention of the American government in passing it. But as the sort of impunity recommended might, in its application to ev- ery species of commerce that would be carried on, be deemed by Great Britain a greater evil than war itself, a middle course miaht easily be adopted, which would deprive France of the benefit resulting from an inter- course with America, without, in any great degree, ir- ritating the maritime states. The high price of all Americ^ produce in France furnishes a temptation which mercantile avaiice will be unable to resist. The consequence is obvious. But if instead of condemning the vessels and cargoes which may be arrested in pursuing this prohibited commerce, they should be compelled to go into a British port, and there permitted to sell them, I think the friends of Eng- land in these states, would not utter a complaint. In- deed, I have no doubt that if, in the prosecution of a lawful voyage, the British cruisers should treat Ameri- can ships m this manner, their owners would in the pre- sent state of the Europe -m markets, think themselves very fortunate^ as it would save them the trouble and cxpence of landing the-n in a neutral port, and froin thence reship them to ED.:?iarid, now the best market in Eu,rope for the produce ot' tins country. The govern- ment ©f the United States would probably complain, and Bonaparte become peremptory ; but even that would only tend to render the opposition in the northern states more resolute and accelerate the dissolution of the confederacy. The generosity and justice of Great Biitain would be extolled, and the commercial states exult in the success of individuals over a government IniTP.ir.al to comm.erce, and to whose measures they can lic longer submit with patient acquiesceuQe. APPENDIX. ^^ federal party. I am &c success of the ha. surrendered" olffcSfcs- *'*' **'"""''1«'' No. 9. Si^ -Vou will perceiv." ff »'^'' •^""'^ "' »«f9- reach you in the nS?. ^ *f accounts that will general ^overnmenTa tr must'LTo « "f.* ^V*"^ own territory, and mLhf hf.!^ I confined to their ernment to sustain Th^ L *'" *"" '"'"^'' f"'' that gov- the parade and menaces wrT'?^'. ' ' «">» after all menaced, it has been tXrld to '' I «'«'«'«'»" com- into effect any of vith mj former letters. *''^* "''^ anticipated in in May;;L',1e;;^d1X^^^^^ -" ^eet ges that may ik the L?^ t^ elections and the chan- With regard^o G.eat BrL^n V *"''" '" ^"'"P*- l.er true|„icy in ^elatioi *« 'I'mtrfcr 1^' "f^'''^^ first object, evorv art ivl,i„i. " .' " P«a=e be the states ought to b7avoi2rfh '''" T**** ^l^^ '"'"•itime sition of%hese w.'r±f4t'Tr *''^P."-"»i«»g dispo- governmentfrom haztrdkg /„h„™.l"*°' *» ^eep the war between America ani i -^ hostile measure. If a turn, something more m^l^^r" '»= " S'^nd desidera- iatory policy .Ct be adonted ? v' f '"f ^ consider all the mere finesse, iute id.d t„ nt.'^ prej.arat.on" to be a land on cheap terms F,l "Concession from En?- confess I am mSof +■ ™"' ^'"'^ *•"■* «*' evidence,^! persuaded th7the Ll ""'"^"^1,""'" ' <""^ <"» ^h Washington vvilltermLf, "'''f', ''^^'"=«» *^ti"g at it^ and spiritlL" t.mZ of' ^" ^" P™"/"'' ">« *'""«<="- without the concrrrenc. ofiofh ""''V ^ '""" *'^«"'P'*d eral consent of the nnrti>!\r * ''*'"*'*'' *"*' ""« ?"'- the. bone and m^',,?;,^/,! l!!.?.', ^''^ch consti^tute w'lUiort hope and 9rnUr^r^\r •'''"""/> ,'^^»»t commence 44 APPENDIX. tvveen tlic north and south; and hy succeeding in this, she may carry into effect her own projects in Europe, with a > total disregard to the resentment of the demo* crat3 of this country. I am, &c. A. B» No. 11. Boston, April 13, 1809.. Sir — IseudtoMr. R. a pamphlet entitled "Sup- pressed Documents." The notes and comments were written by the gentleman who has written the " analy- sis," which I sent by a former conveyance. These works have greatly contributed to excite the fears of the men of talents and property 5 who now prefer the caance of maintaining their partif by open resistance and a final separation to an alliance with France, and a war with England. So that should the government un- expectedly aiid contrary to all reasonable calculation, attempt to involve the country in a measure of that na- ture, I am co.ivinced (now that the election-^ have all terminated favorably) that none of the New England states would be a party in it. — ^But, as I have repeated- ly written, the general government does not seriously entertain any such desire or intention. Had the ma- jority in the New England states cc ntinued to approve of the public measures, it is extremely probable that Great Britain would now have to choose betv/een war and concession. But the asjiect of "Jiings in this res- pect is changed ; and a war would produce an incura- ble alienation of the eastern states, and bring the whole country in subordination to the inter<^sts of Englarid, whose navy would prescribe and enforc the terms upon which the commercial states should carry ami the Agricultural states export their surplus produce. All this is as well known to the democrats as to the other party ; therefore they will avoid a war, at least until the whole nation is unanimous for it. Still when we consider of what materials the government is formed^ it is impossible to speak with an;]^ certainty of their measures. The past administration in every transaction presents to the mind only a muddy commixture of folly, weakjaeds and duplicity. The spell; by which the »&- tion whe shad pCOf intei Sii Gomii Ih accur Legig In electa paper memb Th( Secret before tion tc exemp i-nglai Britair e(,>nvic serve j uith it tLe res But< will be country tempt t of Grea mericun and dec tribute i ^y. Th ^e fo I'gc ^Vance, tachm;>n rtinderct APPilNDLY. \^^ shadows across tfieAtlantir ,m J ^^^ stretched it, No. 12. Sir-Since my letter No if 1'?"' "'f^^se, 1809. communicate. '^ ^o- U, i have had but little to »ccur::; Z* ^ettfc^ret^r,, 7fK**'" '''* ««ffi"e°t Le^isla^e bodie.i^ie7Cid^* ^'^^ partie, i„ the elected out of the fefc;''' ^r''™"''? '«'^« ''««» papers indicate an Hnexnecf/rfV. T"? *''® southern members in the .,extco„gress'^"Smeutati«n of federal: Secrt:ar;:fTate:rWafe" ^'•^-'"- and the before th'is can react you '"K' ?«» "'» have seen t'on to the federal party here .k„ ^'''''" '""*'='' «»«»&<=- exemption from the evVthev'^ '?;""'* P/o^'^es »•» ^>\g!and) and justifies hd/i^''fH?f''«'» a war with Bnfain which ttey mainteTn Pf *'f ^X ,*»* *'-d8 Great cnviction of her^stice and sInL "",-*'"'* -"P"" " f"" serve peace. Even th^A^T ^^''"^ disposition to pre- « ith ii; because irthe: tS ^^Kj" ""^ ^'ti^fi*" the restnctive system ^f Mr JeSn*' *^' '^'^'y "^ will be thft Borlp^fte '^n ;t P™^^^^^^ country fiom her leutri nTw-f- '"''"f'^'' *» '"'•ce this tempt to exclude from h , P^^*""- ^^lled in his at! of Great Britain, he wi mo"t ,ii f *'"* manufactures, meric-m property in his /l^? • •''''^'j t^onfiscate all A- and decl.S;re W No h """nr '"'^ dependenciel, tribute to give influence an! «f^-r.™""*' *''«« '«« con* - y. The ^.viJio,,, occun"4e.s of'Vi *** ^'l" ^"««'' P^"- be foigotten in the re.e. ment of '* '*'^'".'''° '^""J* h'!*;^' ""i.ther vould soon LI i'll f'^P'^ '!S«i"«t tac weaned fi^^^ +if« **wxu lae mother countrr. At lit- W4S 46 APPENDIX. "While Great Britain waits for this natural, I raiglii say necessary result of the uegociation, would it not be extremely inexpedient to conclude a treaty with the A- merican government ? Every sort of evidence and ex- perience prove, that the democrats considei their polit- ical ascendency in a great measure dependant upon the hostile spirit tliat they can keep alive towards Great Britain, and recent events demonstrate that their con- duct will be predicated upon that conviction: it is therefore not to be expected that they Vv^ill meet with corresponding feelings a sincere disposition on the part of England to adjust all matters in dispute. They are at heart mortified and disappointed to find that Great Britain has been in advance of the French government in taking advantage of the provisional clauses of the nonintercourse law 5 and if they shew any spirit at the next session of Congress towards France, it will be only because they will find-Bonaparte deaf to entreaty and insensible of past favors ; or that they may think it safer to float with the tide of public feelings which will set strongly against him, unless he keep pari pass a with England in a conciliatory policy. When I begun n^}r letter, I intended to make some observations in relation to the boundary line — [Here 10 or 12 Hies of the manuscript are erased.] I am, &c. A. B. Ko. 13. Boston, May 5, 1809. Sir— Although the recent changes that have occurred quiet all apprehensions of war and consequently lessen all hope of a separation of the states. I think it neces- sary to transmit by the mail of each week a nketch of passing events. On local politics I have nothing to add ; and as the parade that is made in the National Intelligencer of the siucere disposition of Mr. Madison to preserve amica- ble relations with Great Britain is in my opinion calcu- tated to awaken vigilance and distrust rather than : : iZA^^^^ T ^u«ii /V...Mt\n> nAfViino- mnrp. ininnr- Unt to write about) take leave to examine his motives. •^i. APPENDIX. ^j cause it ,vas made inculenTnn v" ?'"?* ^"•''"' de- gress ; but the obseivat „"• ^ '-^ *''*' '"^' "''«'»'- sitions t..wards Great R^l-'' °" '"' ''"'"""7 dispo- astonishment. The Ihole t J' *" "/,'?" "^ »» "ttie directly and unenui ^tjlr Z/^h'? P?"«^^' '"^ speech on the Bridsh Ircat^y i^ qS "h- **•""• "'* pass a law for the -onfilr^!-^ c^ "'« attempt to British property liui"*'"" -"f " ^"t'«'' debts'-^nd apparen'^l/on fn i" 'a r„X''' A '"'"•"""' «'<'"»^cd co/ony to France. H L con ?£t f •."* "'«'■»' "« * state J allformanassemll,! f*"* ",""'" secretary of to convince me at Sfef probabilities ten.1i„e 5, treaty in which the rigto and 'nr.f '">"^'? ''«^"« nritam would be fairly reco,.nf,. ,P'^^*^nsion of Great ble that he should at on/o^Ii? * f ^- ^*/cems impossi- animosity and that pride of „• •'"'"'''/. °^^'^ hafcitual srtuation'cnables h £ „ inlir'l"'/^:'''' >"« P^^^ent should depriyo his friends 3/ but above all, that he fit of those prejudices wblti? '"RPO't^rs of the bene- ed in the miSds of «,« coml^'''" ''f » <=*'-«'"»"j <"«ster. and which have so m^t?,.f M " P*°P'^ towards fin^land. i'^d "rneJ^L demSti/.'"?*"''"^?? *° '"^'l"'"*' aoa> 4 ma- b.^ it ifi° i,"* "^ P''"*y-„ Whatever hfs real enou? . to -enn u he into tl'''«' "^ *« »'^''''- h*™''" change. He p Xbly act 'u„,l""' "^ *>^ ^PP'-^"* the present temper of the easttn'' ""^"«°" f'at in not tad to produces disoluton"f *//"**' ''."""^ ^o^W way have profited by the nit, t Vt? "'""" ' °'- he andisinclWdtoseWhe 1» 'Z*^ *"' predecessor? to the world that htis d!fT *°* ???»'•*''"■*)' to prove of a nation rather than tbl ^'f''.*" ^' ti.e president has probably gone thu'V»!^<''''^ of a faction; or be the minds ot many hat hV!r'"°T *t '"'P'-e^'sion on l^rance in order tl4t he ml -lu""!"" '""^ 'nfi'"-"" of wore tenable grounds aSr*-'!,*^"^"^^ S'-'ce »"d on progress of nwcfatfnS w 'I'"' ^'"^''t ^^tai" i" tlie tivMm,.. i,„ .«'°"*t"'Sa treaty. Whatova, >,;„ „. .„..r,;;- V. -, ^ am very certain his party will n^t ^ manly and generous policy. Weak 4S APPENDIX. men are sure to temporize when great events call upon them for decision, and are sluggish and inert at the mo- ment "when the worst of evils is in action. This is the character of the democrats in the northern states. Of those of the south { know but little. I am, &c. A. B. No. 14. Boston, Maif25, 1809. Sir — My last was under date of the 5th isstant. The unexpected change which has taken place in the feelings of political men in this country in consequence of Mr. Madison's prompt acceptance of the friendly proposals of Great Britain has caused a temporary sus- pension of the conflict of parties ; and they both regard him with equal wonder and distrust. They all ascribe ins conduct to various motives, but none believe him to he in earnest. The state of New York has returned to the Assem- l)ly a majority of federal members. AH this proves that an anticommercial faction cannot rule the northern states. Two montlis ago the state of New York was not ranked among the states that would adopt the policy of that of Massachusetts -, and any favorable change was exceedingly problematical. I beg leave to suggest that in the present state of things m this country my presence can contribute very little to the interests of Great Britain. If Mr. Erskine be sanctioned in all he has conceded, by his majesty's ministers, it is unnecessary for me, as indeed it would he unavailing to make any attempt to carry into effect the original purposes of my mission. While I think it my duty to give this intimation to you, I beg it may be understood that I consider myself entirely at the dis- posal of his majesty's government. X am, 6cc. -A- B. No. 15. Montreal, June 12, 1809. o:-_ T ^AyA th** bo''*-or tf* inform ¥Qur exceHencv that I received, through Mr. Secretary feyiand, your excel- lency's commands to return to Canada, md after the h 4ela from Yi Jates oppo meas if he Brita hers } of wh t1enio( thzy I parent The the pre this pa vent a ous to 1 nature federal unfavor g'-eat CI f judicic J»er inte cinga f, ernment have incJ m my fo, I trust nijinner o guities ini necessary »»nderstoo '^'ithout rii liameni has permit I oence of y^ ! expressed i lid U^ certify the letter 0/ Is APPENDIX. , Your excellency wiM 1, ^'=**«''''aj'- ^ U^t dates from ^hTteed 'C '^ /^ P^P*""' "^ "'« «PPos.t.on is already oreank,,! v ' *''•''* * fo'-mdable measures of Mr. Mad^so^"^'^ !n.<=»»g'-ess to the late ♦JfprobabHityofTwarwh. &''"''"^«' -tre founded o,. th-sparty u strong and well ^'■''"'=-'" "^"t' at all even", necessary to ^1^1 *^'^^' ^^ arising from fh? ^"'^'- unrloraf/j ^ Observed and mv ^ "0/'^°*" "ic secrecr '^PresW b.hS'S v'a »M ^}tl'^oAo^l the IS 1(31 approbation ahead- & c. -«S^.-CSj^--«. 50 APPENDIX- 1% relating to the mission in which I wa^^ employed hy ir James €raij5, bv hi letter of instructions bearing d .te February 6, 1 809. (Signed) JOHN HENRY. No. V. Mr. Ryland (j Mr. J. Henry, \st May, 1809. My dear sir,— The news ve have received this day from the United States will, i imagine, goon iting you back to u?, and if you rrive a. Montrr-^ by Ihe middle of June, I shall probably 'lave the pleasure of meeting you there, as I am going up with sir James and a large suite. The last letters received from you are to ihe 13th April ; the whole are low 'ranscribing for the purpose Of being sent home where tbev cai lot fail of doing you .credit, and I most sincerely hope they may e^ tually contribute to your permanent a^ vantage. It i t ne- cessary to repeat the assui ic^^s that no eifoi . ^ ithin the compass of my power shall oe wanting to this end. I am cruelly out of spirits at ihe idea ot old England truckling to such, a debased and accursed government as that of the United States. , I am greatly obliged to you for the 'trouble you have taken in procuring the books, though if Spain i alls I shall scarcely have aheart to look into thein. 1 can add no more now, but that I am most heartily and affection- ately yours. (Signed) * 1I.\V.K. J. Henry, esq. Bestan. Mr. Ryland to Mr. Henry, dated M-ay 4, 1809. My dear sir— You must consider the short letter I wrote you by the last post asaltogether unofficial, but I am now to intimate to you in a more formal manner our hope of vour speedy return, as the object of your journey seems, to the present at least, to beat anejjd. V>e have London news byway of the river up to the 6th ot ^iarch, which tallies to a day with what we have receiv- ed by the way of the states. Heartily wislnngyou a JS** ,,I c-£.»rJ^ i*.ll\k &^reQj J ou rncy back to us. I am, my dour sir, most sirtcrely yours, /j^ ^isnoc "R '') a. w. R, APPENniX. 5, "^^ ■* '■"' 'Jy^ ij'n •'"••Jf, tizjA a copv of msstate.uenUad,nem«nal to the Karl of Liverpool. Soon aftp'AJ.'/"/''''"?''!"''" '''"'«* *■"«'• '"'e-"-] „„j • ■"'"eve that the two countries would Up invM States forTS-''*f "^^''f *'"S"^'' P-Vinlc uS oiates lor an efiicient resistance to the general •'overn- of ?h'. n *.'• """'•' P'o'-^'-'j' terminate if t^esML. aLta to tho" ''f''^ /■'•«™Jhe gt^ueral confScv 'ho Boston ^Ve" ^."^"V^''' '» undertake a mission to n u ~°d?n fh"* '"■""'"Pi^ationtetwcen the leadin-^ ralup^n^S a fo. ?!?•'''"''""" ""'' *•"= governor gene'! and finalirto r^e"f h" "2:TT"'- ""«'!* ''¥''' ' subservient to tlHie^ soft?"' ,•? •'" "^^''t^^P'^tio" The umlpr^:™! ; ? 'f """jesty s government.* from the moLtrofxr''*'"'?'' ^^' '"'^^'o" ^'"''' '"*♦«<» sive, duringl'ici J"™^ *" "" '""""' "^ '"-' ''"'- semMiL"tf MalLrhuse^f"'"";-^ '*'"'"«°''' "^ *>>* % whirh t»nt t" 1 f"" ""*' Connecticut ivcre nassef in checkPaVrdlX'rP l*'-?^'""'"''"' "";' ^'^ United 'Statea » V . u '" '"'"f^'S iato execution . Vide the despatches of Sir James Craig. June 1808 ^^'■.^^-sf^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1^12^ |2.5 ■50 '"^~ IIIIIHV U Mi ut lAO 2.0 1.25 IIIIU 1.6 6" ^ ^ ^l .% cW Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580, (716) 872-4503 4» V :\ ^1 Judge Advocate General of the province of lower i^anada, with a salary of five hundred pounds a vear, or a consulate m the United States, sine curia, Would be consiilered by him a liberal discharge' of^n^oStion vernment may entertain in relation t!iat lus majesty's government may to his service. Copy of a letter to Mr. Peel, enclosing the foregoing. .^?!l7' ,H^l?'^l*^^/**'^ ^^ enclosing to you a memorial addressed to the Earl of Liverpool ; and beg you will have the goodness cither to examine the documents in your oliice, or those in mv nv.n pncc/.ocV« ^^v-^^'-- ^^ extent and legitimacy of my claims. ^ APPENDIX. 53 •actions 'and facte™lM« ll '^^'''*"'«^"f *'''= f^"" I have the honor to be, &C.&C. (Signeth ''t'crefaiVy/r>*^|'« f «;' of .Live.-p„ol, by hi. No. VII. Si,— 1 have not {^dt"V*Ti' ^^'* •^«»^- '811. ^-pol.thememoriai; '.eihtr ^!h'v™ *« ^»'' »f I^"" yb'cl. was delivered toCa few ■:'' '"•""'■''' •^"c'-'Teg Wt, .It your desire. *"^ ''*J'* ^'"<=«. by general W!^r^?t'?t1i™t^i''*"*'3•-nty„u »hath« >ear 1808, and findt^'i;?,""'^" '» «H«,«ffice, of the dated 10th of April and i^ //i"'" '"■ ■'""'es Craiff. .correspondence tha has „», Jl 5^"^' ''"'"'^^itting tht '"the northern states of aT'^ «•""'■« your residence confidence in your ,Amty^„7;=rf^' »"! «JP'«««ne I"' erpool has not discoXd ,nV •^?*"*' •"" I'Ordl.i,-. James Craig, that your clrmWl"'' "" ^""^ P"* of sir be referred to this iom^n^7" ^n/'lJP-'"',?*'"" '^ould to any kind of arrantom^nf o ' ''^•*' '» """sion n.ade '««^c |.y that officer Ifft 'you ''"'*'''"'* thathadbeen Grai,"*d:;e™!:ed rntstS- ?'' '""* ""t «^ James would have been L"nrSveio''orr'-''K i-f^Kiand,!* '•ed;^our memorial foJximA, El l?*"" *" *""« '-efer- preaate fteabilitr and ""ccp^H'?"; ^'"'*'''«'' ^ ap. a . m-ssion undertik^ at h^.T' •!" *'"'^' ^ou exscuied W.1I, however, t.an,m-t :ft« si^fc r^*?''^ ^"'■•P»»l MI the government, and ,„ .V '^ Cnug-a successor recommendation, he hafreceiv^H""""' ^^t. Irom tl,e r--ctivee;;i--e;en^w^^^ 54 APPENDIX. Lord Lirerpool will also feel himself bound to give the same assurance to the Marquis Wellesley, if there h any probability that it will advance the success of tli« application wliich you have made to his lordship. I am, sir, your most obedient humble servant, (Signed) ROBERT PEEL. John Henry y Esq, 27 Leicester square, Mr. Henry to Mr. Peel, September 24, 1811. No other answer than a dispatch to sir George Prevost and a letter marked B. No. VIIL * London, 4th September f\Sl\. Sir — I have just now learned the ultimate decision ' of my Lord Wellesley relative to the appointment which I was desirous to obtain ; and fiixd that the subsisting relations betweien the two countries, forbid the creating a. new office in the United States, such as I was solici' tous to obtain. In this state of things I have not a mo- ment to lose in returning to Canada, and have taken my passage in the last and only ship that sails for Quebec ibis season* As I have no time to enter de novo into explanations with the gentleman who is in your office^ and as I have received assurances from you, in addition to the letter o'i my Lord Liverpool, of the 27th June> that " his lordship would recommend me to the gover- nor of Canada, for the. first vacant situation that I would accept," I beg the favor of you to advise me how I am ta get that recommendation, without loss of time. I have the honor to be„ &c. ike, J. H. Robert Feel, Esq, S^c. ^c. S^e. Copy of a letter written by Lord Liverpool, to Sir George Prevost, furnished by the under Secretary of state. Original in the dispatch to the governor general. No. IX. Downing street,\%th Sept, X%\\, t§ir — Mr, Henry who hasthehonor of delivering thtt letter is "^ ^ntleman who addressed to me the menio- ml, ft copy of which I herewith transmit, and to wkom tie accompiiiyii^g)i#tterfromMr. Peel WM written If^^ uiy uircetipre ment As ev( was in Hr. P tio oth they c verbal sioa te nor's r his cor The abilitiei the plej ^^^^ sam t'lerefoi have gw employ 1 the sam do well that eve will be practice yearly u * Sincer John L ance APPKNOIX. gg tl^f:!:% '-'^^^ S^M"/He. ™^h:r!;r 2U>^G.,4,p„,„,,,^„,, ^^_ LIVERPOOL. JVi- Hyland to M-. Bem-u. No. X. . As every thin"- which n« i i ''''*'•[.*" P^^e erroneous, was in Jrivi^gritok ?o ,t .,'':ii''"^f, ^ ^^""^ »«"»» Mr. Peel all the origina7n,rrl ^ "' fubmitting to - «» other iafonnatiol re a^tf^^e ; th^TS ^r''' t^ will.be f^nd in Cieri''^"r '" '^T' ««»« home practice tiiere is to bind (^'A5'*fV*' *''« "stablished yearly up tir— Mr. Henry, v/ho will have the honor of delivering this letter, is the gentleman who addressed to me the memorial, (a copy of which I herewith transmit,) and to whom the accompanying, letter from Mr. Peel was writ- ten by my direction. In compliance with his req^^.est, I now fulfil the assur- ance which I have given of stating to you my opinion of the ability and judgment which Mr. Henry has man. *^sted on the occasions mentioned in his memorial, and •f the benefit the j)ublic service might derive from hia active employment in any public situation in which you. should think proper to place him. I am, sir, your most obedient humlile servant, (Signed) LIVERPOOL. . ±0 Sir George Prevost, bart, ^c, J^r. Uenryh memorial to Lord Liverpool, enclosed in Lord LiverpooPs dispatch. To the right honorable the earl of Liverpool, the under- signed most respectfully submits the following ^ memorial. Lon^ before and during the administration of your Lordship's predecessor, the undersigned bestowed much personal attention to the state of parties and political measures in the United States of America, and had an opportunity* [Hei^ is an erasure of 10 or 12 lines I and to unite the [^An erasure here of 2 or 3 lines] the information transmitted by the undersigned tosir Jame» Craig, and by him to Lord Castlereagh, met ivith with his lordship's approbation ;t and when the hostile pre- parations in thft United' States, suggested to sir James CraigtUc necessity of making, corresponding arrange- ilients of precaution and defence, for tiie security of ♦ See the letter of Mr. Henry addressed to thcB^ip- %ry <*^ ?'^ Ja^f^es Crai-, and byhim transmitted to lori _ I? V\9 month of April 18^08. *. t ^ee^document No 1, herewith tran$mitt^. ,! ~ ■ hit I «nd< ern j mcnj regu] rendi Brita sion, tlisch, herec trnme * coal] transn hie an this, tl lis coi ^'om a sion w< ^eatvoy Biitain govern r gi'ound. In thi figned, informal heretofo who has and ther mission ; claim noi bat on hii Sl^ unc h, a APPENDIX, „ ern states to ^influential mission to the north- a ""* 'P*"* five Shi [^fl^ "»«Jertook the Z- discharge of the duties connl^/ *?*,'"* •"«' ^eslou. ^rnT^^P "' 25 lineatl which dlj'i^i* f^" '"^-r' 'rnment from the purriisc*r».M *'**''.*''« 8«ne"l gov- « coahtjon with Frffi th^t *1.^ "nentioned, and ffom ble and expence of armineE'r''"^^ '•"«'' the tro«. Jhis, the undersigned BeifiLlTj *?^'''»'» ■»''•*"«• AH k«s commission Sr anna, • *^ "''*''»'>* ever sbowiJii ^r " ^.r."?^ STonXTa'd" '"^'"""^ «S^^ sion would furnish tho p i * * discoverj of hfa mi. destro^„g the?Xenee ^;»=h ^"'Y '^j*'' *he me"nTof Biitamin everj nZ^.„?lP'''"'7 adhering to Great government to V to wL /"""'="' »»<» enable ?h^ ground. S" *<» 'var upon popular and teUle ^<^::^g Sr; '^"^ '» **<> «»^- information and political nhflf/'"^*"'''' *« ««»« « the heretofore were rUt^^'nl^te^-n^ received f^m j.o«* vho has expressed his n,rti-fi*''®***''e««'-y of state fnJ liere iUo doubt tlfattn, '"If PP™""**''-""*" them! 58. APPENDIX. m humbly and respectfully submits his claims, undor the stipulations aforesaid, to the earl of Liverpool, in the confident expectation that his lordship will treat them with that justice and liberality, which upon investiga- tion they may be found to merit. It may not be superfluous to add, that the undersigned has never received in any shape whatever any compen- sation or patronage for the services he has rendered. This fact, Mr. Ryland, the secretary of Sir Jamea Craig, now in London, can vouch; as well as for the* truth of all the matters set forth in this memorial. I h^ve the honor, (ice. (Signed) J. HENRY. Q7 Leicester Square, June 23,. 1811. Jllixtract of the officialleUer of sir James Craig, signed: -by Mr. Ryland, dated January 1809, accompanying. Lord LiverpooPs dispatch, [Most secret awl confidential.] ({uebec, 9.6th January, 1809. ' Mjr dear sir — The extraordinary situation of things at this time in the neighboring states has suggested to the governor in chief, the idea of employing you on a secret and confidential mission, provided an arrangement can be made to meet the important end in view, without throwing an absolute obstacle in the way of your pro- fessional pursuits.. ' The information and political observations heretofore received from you were iransmitted by his excellency to t!ie secretary of state who has expressed his particular approbation of them and there is no doubt that your able e^vecution of such a mission as I have above suggestedy would give you a claim not only on the governor general, but on his majesty^s ministers which would eventually contribute to your advantage — At present it is only necessary for me to add, that the governor will JMIiish you with a cypher for carrying on your borrespoim^kce j and in case the leading party in any of the states Wish to open a commmunication with this government, their views might be communicated through you. I am, &x. (Signed) HERMAN W. RYLAND. To Johfi flenru, esq, .^■.. ^. APPENDIX. ^ "ccomjiunj/uis J^rd liverpooVs dUp^Z"' ' ^ivibec, m February, \609. vh!!;7teLS"u^^^^^^^^^ ♦»<• service ^vith „.„ch beneSlhe puE'irterest am /"'^""^^ that w 1 1 your earliest convAnlir.?' mT* *" ""equest Boston. "^ cottvemencj you wJl j„-oceed to eading men, must naSw its'K^t^n':^^^^^ "^t influence over, and will.i„iPe7p?oi.ab,TCHw'^^^^ eastern states of Ainpri^« ;„ «i, '"""""v '«»« the other at this important crhfs 1 il'^.P"* *''** ^^^ "«y *«ke out to you'^he ie by Ivhich Jo« ^m^Jt'Cf ^ W this important informatiom~V«.^ ""^ ''.''« y*« obt»H» the coj^.ection vou hrrn;;^^" vC^rS ''"' scriSe 'tr,eS ^XchV'''" ' '^'^ "-^-Tert de. it is sca^?y ne^es a' rT"""*^ *,* y"-- "rttention, the stated tie Bublnl;^ ^Tl? * '"* * '"<=''>«1« t' externa) PoU csCd A^'^^^i^^rf ' '^'^ '^g^"-*! ♦« ^ -^ land : thlco mmrative -C^^ withEng- great parties in'^^^kVthe cfiX "'T?^ "1 *'"' *'°» views and desiim.. of hI/i^T^ '***"'"'«•'' '^^ the , If tl.e fe3t:' '«^S;nU s rir ■cessfii in obtaining f l>»t ,i!!.1 1 ? ■ *2^'^ ''"'"W ^ S"c- enablc them to dTr Jt he S'f '•"?"''".^''. *'''^'' '"V sible that rather^an sufif *•"""'"!•'* ''""^'-'P"^ difficulties ami distress to ,?^,th"*t'""*'"'"'"^« °*' ^"^ they will exert that fnfl^ 1" ^^^i'' *''« ""^^ '"bject, this subject may bTofZ.; ""='«••''««* "'fonnation oa :^:^c;lHrdt?,eTto*<^^^ aisposed to enter into a cvnvncxien mtk 4- eo APPENDIX. ui,- these I leave to jour judgement and discretion. rmu / *^^^^ J.H.CRAIG. principal points in it, except as to secrecj.] ??^?1 ''jflJ^'^V'^S^^^^rittnieTed int9 between Mr. ^rs/cme ana the American government, «TK^ *. 1. . ^««*«c, .Way, 1809. tifofP -n T "^^^^^^ received this day from the U, SUtes will, I imagine, soon bring you back to us. The Tti kT ''^^^^v^d ^rom vouarcto the 13th April. I he whole are now transcribing to be sent home wfiero they cannot &,! of doing you great credit, and eventu- mj contribute io your permanent advantage. J.^^%,. H-W,RYLAg^D,secV. 4f^J!foy, 1809.-1 am now formally to intimate to you ^?rLoT 1 ^''"'* '**"™ 5 *a the object of your mission seems for the present at least, to be abancfoned. Sin- eerily wishing you a safe and speedy journey back to us, I-m,&c. (Signed) fl.W.KYLAND. , •/. Afenry, Esq. Copy of a letter from Mr. Peel to Mr, Henry. Rit^T 1,. xr .^'^y'^^^ «t»-ee^ mh June, 1811. Biiv-I have not failed to lay before the carl of Liver- pool the memorial, together with its several enclosures, ♦h.^ K ^l'^^^'^ has directed me to acquaint you in reply that he has referred to the correspondence in this offici of the year 1808, and finds two fetters from Sir James i^raig, dated 10th April and 15th May, transmitting the correspondence that had jpassed during your residence m the northern states of" America, anB expressing his confidence m your ability and judgment ; but lord i^iv€rpoot has not discovered any wisli on the part di|«r James traig that your claims for compensation should i^I^l^l'}^}^'^ country, nor indeed is allusion made m.!.J^\'"'lZ 7 »"«"Sc»"^"i yr agreement mat had been msM9kj that officer with you. Under these circuia^ -*^ APPENDIX. , g, $^^'J::^iJiZ'^r^,'^^rrr,nc, on „i, I-ivcrpool's wish to ha^^refl' ^S"""'''' ''^^'^ '^"-'•••n I-o, «"« h.8 desire 5 ui Liverpool tin r"" ?'"«'t'"^en at sir James Craig's succTssorTn*t "■*'"■■ *™"''"'' 't to ^^urance that f?om the r^roml m' ,^''''=!;"'r"*' "»'» cd in your favor, and the ni^n.^ ^^"'"? *"= ''»« 'ecciv- corrcspondence, he is !>.« ^ J" '■'" ''»' '"™ed on your be benefitted by your a"«vT„"''.*''' P"'''''= «e"icc^«ia nation. •' •'^'"" ^'^'"'e employment in a public sit- any probability tha itSl^^"" ^f '''•"J "theVe i. application whfch you hrv" marir,'*. •*^' 'V"*'' »f «»« lam, sir, &c ' *"''" 'ordship. («'« ROBERT PEEL. (E) .For more than half acentur. ' f "'""''' '^'^• Wthout reproach. Mv youth ^ ""PPorted a character »f my country j I fou4t^he k-^t '^-°^!^ *" *''« ««"'«* achieved her liberty and inlf" '" *^' «»'■ wbich ended before man7ofyoV"l'Pf'«'«"'«' and which w„ es, were born. If nn£ ^ S*"*'«men, who are my kds- of his own meritsSrat^Ih'T'"" " '«'"' "V 'S" I may be permitted to p es"t 1?" '^ *'"' ' »"i» » hop^ a narration of my life, wlX r ./"" '" "'*'•'' f*'" w^rS* which were calculated *« - ""*' *"SaSed in scenes courage. I shall do u 4kh7.« " .'"an's^'fi.Tnness f d testimony I have offered of ft ^«'«<^^Pce, beiaUs^M vcd wuh «.» ;- *i " *■ ". "'.tbe venerable m«n ..!.» »™ >-S|I was appointed a cLlff'. *' ** '^^ "fabcS w iutea a c»pt«a ju we oftbe CW year Cop^ ,4 .,.f; :-"'.^'?^--' i: 6e APPENDIX. icut regiments ; during that campaign and until MarcU 1776, when the enemy evacuated Boston, I served with the army at Cambridge and Roxbury, and in the imme- diate command of General Washington. I was with that party of the army in March 1776 wh:ch took posses- «iou of Dorchester heights j the movement which com- pelled the enemy to evacuate Boston. The next day ^the regiment to which I belonged marched for New- York. I was on liong-lsland when the enemy landed, and remained until the night the whole army retreated. I was in several small skirmishes both on Long-Island and York-Island before the army retired to the White Plains. I then belonged to Colonel Charles Webb'a regiment of Connecticut. ^ r ^i. i- This regiment was in the severest part of the ac ion on Chatterdon's Hill, a little advanced of the White Plains, a few days after the main body of tlie army aban- iloned'New-York. This baltle is memorable in the his- tory of our country, and the regiment to which I belong- ed received the particular thanks of General Washing- ton, in his public orders, for its bravery and good con- duct on the occasion. It was particularly distinguished from all the ether troops engaged in the action. 1 re- ceived a slight wound ty a musket oall in my. side, but it did not prevent mo from rumaining at the head of my "^""rwa^in the battle of Trenton, when the Hessians were taken in December 1776, and being one of the * youngest captains in tlic army, was promoted by Geii^ Jral Washington, tiic day after the battle to a majority for my conduct on that occasion. The hrst of January 1777 1 was in the battle of Princeton. In the campaign cf the same year the regiment to which I Jf ^««g«.; f ;^^; iU in the northern army 5 1 v.as early m th^ spring or- Wto Ticonderoga, and commanded the regiment -' - the senior officer prascnt) under General St. , , ?^t xK_A -<«cei*in lus retreat from that ^^lair, and I waft with that offici^r ^^sti /^v-' .^fter General St, Clair's amy formed a junction with Val Schuyler^s army on the north river, at Fert Kd- ^^^e regiment to which I belonged vras detached APl^KNniX. ti3 Marcl* ed with imme<- LS with pos&ei- ti com- 5xt day ' New- landed, reated. •Island White VVebb'3 action White y aban- the his- belong- ashing- 3d coil" guishcd I re- de, but d of my [essians ! of the ly Gen* aajority Faniiaiy impaign edserv- ring or- egiraent eral St. :om that ion with 5'ortBd- i«taclic«t and marched to Fort Schuyler, mid relieved (!»at post, which wart besieged by General St. Lej^er. On the retreat of General Schuyler' Kdward I commanded tl 1/cing two miles In the ir rear ftuurd of the n » in my from fort rear was attacked hva 1 rinv ..^.;, ... i,„. n ui » Its i^iutcKeu F3V a iui oops luul Indians at day \i^\Xin th and ge bodv e morii- woiindcd betwceit of British tl -^^, in which action were killed ami .„„ru ,K>iwee?t trtirty and forty of my guarff. And 1 received (he par- ticular thanks of Gcuer:;! Schuyler for iny conduct on the occasion. * * *^ I wa8 in the two memorable tattles on the UHli of Fen- ofn/r-f S"^ *^' nh of October on Bemi.'s heights against General Burgoyne's army previous to its surrender. la the action ofthe 19th of September I commanded a de tachnjent of 500 men, who fought the principal part of the afternoon, and more than one half of them were kil- led or wounded. mp?.? f '^ ^*|[ofOctoher I likewise commanded a detach- ment from the brigade which assisted in attackine the ccfhim to the right of his lines, stormed his entuiich^ meiitfi, and took and held possession ofthe ri-ht c f hU position, which compelled him to retreat to" Saratoga and there to capitulate. **"*v«^«^ After the memorable event ofthe capitulation of Gen- eral Burgoyne's urniy, the regiment to v.hich I be lon°. ed, was ordered to Pennsylvania, to join the armv un der the command of General Washi .iton I remined uith the army the winter of 1777 .tfalley IWe and m the spring of irrs, when the British arily e fcuated Philadelphia, I v,a« in the hnttle of Monmouth From December 1/78, to May 1779, 1 coi.rnanded iH American posts m advance ofthe Whits Plains ,ieaV Kingsbridge, during which time I had varioursHmfsh es w.th the enemy in May 1779 the principal paTtlf the British army advanced up the Nort i Rivei irVer plank's and Stoney Point, and I was ordered o retreat before them to West Point. « w reire^^ of General Wayne, and was in the memorabteliS^^ 5;2^toney Point with a separate comn^^^^^ (i4 APPENDIX. For my conduct on this occasion I received the par- ticuliir thanks of General Wajne, General Washington and con;j;ress. In the summer and autumn of 1780 I commanded the advanced posts of the array, and in December of that year, I commanded an expedition against the enemy stationed at Morrissina which was successful, and for wliich I received the thanks of General Washington in hi3 general orders to the army and likewise the thanks of Congress. General Washington in his orders I well remem|)er made use of these words « He thanked me iar my judicious arrangements in the plan of operations, and for my intrepidity and valor in the execution." ^ From the conclusion of the revolutionary war I have lived with the respect of my countrvmen, and have en- joyed repeated marks of their confidence iu the offices which have been bestowed upon me. When I found that the independence for which I had so often fought, was assailed, that again my country must appeal to arms to iivcnge her wrongs, and to protect her rights, I felt that 1 might yet do her some service. For though many years had passed since I had fought under her standard, and tlibuajh my own arm might not have had its wonted strength, yet my spirit was unbroken, and my devotion fo her uni.npaired. I thought in the field where there could be but few who had any military experience, what T had ^eaJ ned in tie most active scenes of a seven yeara war, might be useful. I fondly hoped that in my age, iis well as in my youth, I might render services that should deserve the gratitude of my country. That if I fell by the swOrd of her enemies, my grave would be nioistened with the tears of my countrymen ; that my descendants would be proud of my name and fame. But how vain is anticipation ! I aiii now accused of crimes which would blast my former honors, and transmit my memory with infamy to posterity. And in that hideous catalogue, there is none from the imputation of which ^ny nature and my feelings have more recoiled than from ^t pf Qowardicc, to which I am to answer. A?PENDII* 6.- ""c:" of tt BriS?nnr'/T" "^'^^^ '« ««- vice. Abandonment of hi. ' " ^ '^""'' '*'"^ killed in hMlorr^IXr.rT''!,. " American* t!ie British. The nil h^.!? after the surrender to citizens, aid &e SuX °f *^•''*'^S "^ America,, surrender to the bS Ll *^T' '*"'"'*' ***«■• *k« tection, J»nH8h, under the guarantee of pro- the sight of bMl5 f^!y^ »f ^h* Mvage mild*at lose, Li perhaK the ?etew"V" .*••* '***'' «"*/ oners, or of the deart »k* u xl ""^y treatment of prjs- ftre is alwars ifkel??;: ^ f" *''*'^ '="'«' """le of war- noble revS onX !. .P'"*^««''nigHt drive them to fe. «nd the ISit "nts Tf/"^r ^"^ 5"** '» t'"' ^•'"•t^y. They therefore pressed «,iT .* T American citizens previous to the'batfle of iL^if*^', '•''''• '»'<»''«»'» «nd felt satisfied «S1" r(^r asttt^A^r"^J^' »*'3 ' «-- • ,i ..u„,^^Oeen shot bv the savage: " "P'^^'*" Z2 ^f the M?ag«g, m APPENDIX. << Fourth, Some oi the inhabitants of the territory •f Michigan, citizens of the United States of America, after the capitulation, have been shot by the savages. " Fifth, The houses of some of the inhabitants of the territory, American citizens, after the capitulation ilave been burnt by the savages. , ' « Sixth, Some of the inhabitants, American citi- zens, after the capitulation, have been pillaged by tha savages. A. W. M'Lean, Esq. te Mr. Woodward. ;SfandiricA,Fe6. 9, 1813. Sir— You will have the goodness to appoint a day for the purpose of adducing before Col. Proctor such proof as you may have, to substantiate the assertions in your letter to him, relative to the slaughter of the ene- my's sick and wounded j on 22d January last. I have the honor to be, &c. (Signed) A. W. M'LEAN, aid-de-camp. Extract of a letter from Mr. Woodward to Gen. Proctor.. Sandwich, Feb, 10, 1813. " I had the honor to receive, on the Sd day of this month, a verbal message from you communicated to me by major Muir, requesting me to procure some evidence 01 the massacre of the American prisoners, on the 22d day of January last. <« I met with only a few persons at Detroit who are inhabitants of the river Raisin, nor was it altogether a pleasant task to those, to relate, in these times, the scenes they have beheld. Some of them, however, appeared before a magistrate, and I send you copies of what they have stated. It will occur to you, sir, i mmediately, that what nx^y of theni state on the information of others though ijiot direct evidence in itself, leads to the source where it may be obtained. . ** In communicating your message, Maj. Muir added something hftving relation to American citizens^ who might be willing to take the oath to the king. " It will be obvious to you, sir, that in a state of open ffiad declared war, a subject or citi^ten of one part^'^ c^ii- ji|| transfer his allegiance to tixe other party^ without APPENDIX. gy. incurring the penaltie» '^ treasor ; and, whtlc iin«l.i„» can excuse his guilt, .. .cither are those r„noceTt thf lay temptations before him. ""•■eni wlio " The principles adopted by the United States on thi subject of expatriation, are libeial, but are Derftclfv inapplicable to a public enemy in time of war ^ "Some of the trench inhabitants of the territorv nf Michigan, citizens of the United States of Ameria M'Lean, acqainting me tiTat tiere «as no ca3»»^'"' . "Th^pl^^tfee^r^fttltif „at- impose an obligation almost equally strong." ""*""'' Territory of MichiganrV'^^^''' '^' district of Detroit. f *»• Gabriel OnHf„*'^*''*'' Joreaume, and afterwards that of thtr*h„ . '^*^'''"."- ^ I'*' "deponent hasbeen informed S w^v T^S^kT T* *"*' '"=" "'«»'' '•"dies on the Br..!?yZ.'^'''.'^''%Ksweretearingandeatine. Mr. those of Z" -"^ ""Ponent that the Indians ha^ kill thfotbL^P"T"l^'!°*««-«st wounded, and • we others were bwBt alive. " . ii APPENDIX. Antoinc Cuiel!aric and Allexis Salliot, inhabitants oa the river Aux Ecorces, told the deponent that two pri- soners had been burnt in the house of Grandon, on the river Aux Sables. The deponent has heard that the Indians had torn out the hearts of th«. prisoners, and had brought them still smoakin? in the houses, but did not recollect the names of the informants ; he believes how- ever, they were men worthy of credit. The deponent says farther, that after the first action on the river Raisin, the Indians fired on one named Solo, son in law to Stephen Labeau, an inhabitantof the river Aux Sables, when returning from the house of Grandon to his father in law ; on his arrival, he hallooed to his father in law to open the door, saying that he was mor- tally wounded ; Stephen Labeau opened the door and told his son m law to throw himself on the bed, but that in tnrmg to move he fell dead. An Indian knocked at the door, and Labeau having opened it, received a ball in his breast, and fell dead. The son of Labeau made his escape 5 the Indians fired several shots at him which did not reach him. The deponent says farther, that Baptiste Couteur was Killed near the house of the deponent on the day of the second battle on the river Raisin, a little after sunrise. 1 he deponent says farther, that the Indians have often threatened to burn his house and barn, if he did not inarch with them against the Americans. The deponent •ays iiC is an American citizen. The deponent says that several of his neighbors have told him that they had received the same threat. Oth- er settlements have been threatened with fire. The mills and houses on the river Aux Reches were burnt in the month of September last, after the capitulation of Detroit. And further this deponent said not. JOSEPH ROBERT. oworn and subscribed before me, the 4th Feb. I81S. ^ . PETER AUDAIN, J. P. D. D. Temtory of Michigan, ) i^^istrict of Detroit C *** ^^ it remembered, th^l on this day, February tfe f«^th, A. D. one tiiousand eight hundred and thift«eny APPENDIX. gg a« inhabitant otthf cit^T&troU wHS TT^"' thi 32d January last U fJ^'"- '^^^' ."ft"'- ^he battle of sonally present a th; f", '«■''»* "^ ^^ **' P'"'' the actne aeent fnr+l,. r V j Wilham Jones, would hAnliLZ,riL^tZ,^T^^^^^^ 'f *«'« from the Indmns • amf f hY* I P"'''=has;nS the prisoners Jones saT« that h^fh^.wu*''^*''^ *he said Wjlliara authorize anr Son tk'r,^* would not undertake to which, this deDonenfnniK '"J .J'"*' '" consequence of doners, amonTt Z H"""* *""■*« •"•'''»"• »? the pri- — HamiUon, a wivr f„^^'^^''y. *''" »""»«»? who declared Z Sn's deDonent L?^'"*,"'''^.^ volunteer., day after the hatt » »♦ ft, • ' 'vf*.°" the first or second «'S vvas burnt tSiuffll" •*'■'' °"1 "^ ^^'^ ?"'<>»- ingthe ashes off hkCl P'"?8'*"''»»In'»!ankick- bitch.' ""^ ''*«''' s^y'ng ♦ damned son of a who was purcfiased hv I.f™ . ^«ntucky volunteers, stated to ?his depo'n ^t''Te Tas !Tlf\'' S'^""?'^"' wounded after th'e battle, but felt ather ff^/*'"" °^ *''• of the savages, but that h« ! • j *"""' o" ^«'="unt fro'uCapt. o?Col Ell „t of^.r'Tf'' 'A""^ assuranc«i ."S the remaining d ,on5. V '^'^*^ ?^ himself as well -';e%/« were profnis'^d to be 'se^ttnTf^lr' *° «*»y' *« next morning I that near !„,. (?*?'* them away the following th! dav of thI kZ* ''f^ ''.^ht of the morning tliehous? where Lw Rnl "'^' *''* '"'"'">* «me into ers. and J„c„eT' V - "■', '''** '^'"'the other nrison- cottjd not walk •V;d'2r"-'^" ■'■'"'' tomahawk such as wounded Sen of a W"" "'? '?''' "°''«" *•«* the P looneis 01 «1| thear clothes, that while the 70 APPENDIX. said Bowers and two other prisoners, named Snarls and IJradford, as near as this deponent can recollect, were sitting by the fire in the Indian camp, an Indian tame up who appeared to be drunk, and called the said Searls, as near as this deponent can recollect, a Madison or Washington, then took up a tomahawk and struck the said Searls on the shoulders ; that the said Searls caujvht hold of the tomahawk and held it foi;^ some time ; that the said^Bowers advised the said Searls to submit to his fate 5 with that, the Indian gave him a second blow on the head, killed^ scalped, and stript him 5 during this time the said Bowers and Bradford were personally pre- sent, and being apprehensive for their own safety that he. Bowers, ran and came up to the old chief (who sold him to his deponent and others) who toqk him under his protection, and was very kind to him. This deponent further depose th, that he has reason to believe the afore- said Bowers and Hamilton are now at Sandwich, and if applied to, they could give more ample information rela- tive to the pai'liculars aforesaid^ Aud further this de- ponent sayeth not. JOHN M'DONNELL. Sworn and subscribed at my chambers in the city of , I).etroit, the day and year before written. JAMES MAY. Note from Mr. John M'Donnell to James May, Esq. Detroit, February 4, 1813. Dear Sir,— I had a conversation with Mr. Smart about leaving your house to day, who had a conversation with Bowers and Bradford. He observes that I have made several material errors in my affidavit before you this day. He says tiie prisoner killed was of the name of Blythe, in&tead of Searls 5 and mentioned some other errors that differ widely from what I have sworn to, so that I think it is a pity Bower's and Bradford's aflida- vits could not be had ilistead of mine. Yours, J. M'DONNELL* James May, Esq, Note from Mr. M'Donnell to Mr. Lyons, his clerk.. I wish you to mention to judge Woodward, thatap* plication is made for lue by a friend on the other side^ to APPENDIX. ri cmam 1,11 the n.iv.eatiou opens. On tlini account I hope ^^^ kfp back the deposition that I have maderl- ganlin^ the murders committed by the savages on the nver I&,s.n, as he h.as much better testimony to substan! trnte facts than what I have sworn to on hearsavVand as I am sure, ,f the colonel was even disposed t^ hear n. V apphca .on, that affidavit will bo enough to send me Territory ef Michigan } district of Detroit, J *^* «f^hI'-"^"^^PPr^!['^^'^*''^"»^'*^^« undersigned one of the justices of the peace in the district of Detroit Antoine Boulard, of the river aux Raisins/whVbS sworn on the Holy Erangelist, deposeth and say^^^^^^^^ on the next day after the last battle ^ the rivS'«^. sins, he saw the Indians kill the secretary of the Amer- S 1.^"^?^' '^^.'^ ""^^ **" *^« ^""'^^ «f *^e Indian who hadltaken him prisoner, with a rifle shot,- that the prison- er tell m one side, and an Indian came forward with a sabre, finished bim, scalped him, stripthim and carried away his clothes. The body remained two^lays on he b "^l^' !u ^^"^^^^ **?2"^^*^»^ deponent, and was part fvlf k'S ^ ^^ K""^^' , Afterwards, the deponent, together witb Francois Lassdie, Hubert Lacroix, Charles Chovin and J.0U1S Lajoy€, took up the corps at dusk of the eve- mng, and ^carried it into a field near the woods, where the hogs did not go. They dared not to bury it for fear of bemic surprised by the Indians. And further this deponent saith not. ANTOINE (his X mark) DOULAND. ^worn and subscribed in my presence, the 5th day of rebruary, 1813. ^ PETER AUDRAIN^ J. P. D. D. I hereby certify, that the neit day aftertheiast battl<»- ^on uiOTOer aax Raisins, f be secretary of the American 1* j^eral was taken near the door ^ tne deponent r w^s wminded and placed on a horse ; tlAt seven or eight In- aiaus \yerenear the house, one of whom «hothix»#tl» 7£ APPENDIX. head with a rifle 5 that he did not fall off his horse until another Indian, drawing his sabre, struck him on the h«ad several times, and then he fell to the ground : was scalped, stript of his clothes, and left on the road, where he remained one day and a half; I, the deponent, with Francois Lasselle, Hubert Lacroix, Louis Chovin,on the evening of the second day, took up the ])Oi\y, carried it to the sku ts of the woods, and covered it with a few branches, but could not stay to bury it, for fear of the Indians that were in the neighborhood ; and on the next day after the last battle I was near the house of Gabriel Oodfrey jun. and the house of Jean Baptistere Jereaum, ^here a great number of prisoners were collected : and that I heard the screaming of the prisoners whom the Indians were tomahawking 5 that the savages set the nouses on fire and went off. LOUIS his X mark BERNARD. Detroit, Feb. 5, 1813. ^certify, that the bodies of the Americans killed at the battle of la Riviere aux Raisins,of the twenty second of January last, remained unburied 5 and that I have «een the hogs and dogs eating them. The hogs appeared to be rendered mad bv no profuse a diet of christian flesh. *^ I saw the houses of Mr. Gerome and Mr. Godfey, on Hre, and have heard that there were prisoners in them. The inhabitants did not dare to bury the dead on ac- count of the Indians. Jl^^ inhabitants have been threatened by the Indians, It they did not take up arms against the Americans. Jfitchtgan, Februari/ 6th, ISIS, ALEXIS his X mark LABADIE. This IS to certify, that on or about the twenty eighth day of January last past, an Indian woman came to my dwelling house, on tlie river Rouge, and informed me i !i*i?^ *^® mornine of that day an American prisoner . had been killed in tbe Indian camp, and the reason she assigned for killing him was because he had expressed an hatred for the Iwiians. n.* V o*. « # ROBEHT ABBOT. Territory of . V/c/«>a» district of Detroit, APPENDIX. I f% ss. Personally appeared before me, the subscriber, Aaron oath on the Holy Evangelist of Almiorhtr God thaf fl vahed flir /hh'"'"*^''''* '?"'?' »"« •^''•in'anco petticoat, Tar ami fift. i"'' """ P?"" "^ '^»«»" stocking one dol- •cert, nn.^'^e'rt', one pair of cotton stocki„|, seventy trunk t.v„ H„ii ' '. "^ '"*^ •=«'*«, one new small cambric haXrchief Steven?; fi^ '^^"'}'""' ^''"'"•' «»^. sixty two and an h,If!.„?t ^ five cents, one cotton do. fourthsof t Do^nH ,f "*■' «»««•"" one dollar, three chocolate twCty fil •"P^J"' ^^'^ .^«"*'' "■«' '=^''«= of bianUet th^d^?- S^^^^^^^^ one sW^eXr t e*r "1^ *^"^"' f-'tK'tt ^^Sworn before me at myd.an.bers, 17tl. September, (Signed) P. AUDRAIN, J. P. D. D Letter fro.. tH, J^.,i, to the inhaUta^ts oftkeZer Raisin, not dated. "' at SrCmf iSpi^^^^^^^^^ ^^ of Indians a..^^^^^^ Raisin. ^ ' ^^ ^^'^ mhabitauta of the river FRIENDS » T iG'TE'jj , 4 ■*■ «" ■ ■'.•-?■■ i 4 APPl^iNDlJt. Wcj tltcireiorc^ as tlic enemy is appioacliing usj within twenty live mlles^ call unon ydii ^1 to rise up and come here immediately, bringing your arms alotig with you. Should you fail at this time, we will not consider you in future as friends> Attd the coriseqUences may be very unpleasant. ^ We are well convinced you have no writings forbid^ tling you to Assist us. We arti your frifehcts at present. UOUND HEAD* (Signed) (Signed) Su i&n emblcmresembling a horse, %y WALK IN THE WATER. iiy an emblem resembling a turtle, TRANSLATION. Letter of the iiihabitants of the river UdisiH, dated Riv* ierre Jinx Raisins, tfie iSifA JVoi*e?ii6er, 1812. To the Hon* Judge Woodward, Detroit. Rivierre Aut Raisins, the 13th November^ 1812. Sir — In tlie embarrassment in which we find ourselvea at present, on the subject of a letter iiddressed to Col; Navar, on the part of the Hurotts and other savage tribes we depute him td you io r^epresent io you the situation of the inhabitants of the river Raisin, praying you to assist him with your advice in so delicate a matter, hav- ing at all times had great tbnfftfence in your great knowl- edge. , . We have the hoiiidr to be, wi'th profound respect, yout" ^diedient pervatittf. (Sigriea) ' jAqusk LAssELLis. JEAtf BAPTISTE OEROME. JEAN BAPTISTE BEAUGRAlirri'. i?HAN00lS LASSELLE. buNOAlfr REID. JEAN BAPTISTE lAsSELLE. Extract from the report of ensign Isaac L. Baketi agent for the prisoners taken after the battle of Frenchtowit^ January Q9J, ISIQ^ to Brig* Gen. Winchester^ dated " Brtti^h Maeara^ February 26, 1813. «« For the greatestekumber of our unfortunate fellow 1»«ldifir8 being genti^rtk Detroit* we Are indebted tote APPENDIX, 7i exertions of our prisoner fellow citizens there, who witli unexampled generosity when they saw their ceuntrymen driven Ar„„g , the streets likeshiep to a market, la ™sh" ed the.r wea h for their ransom. Wor was the procur- stnpt by the Indians. Clothes, such as the exigency if the occasion permitted to be prepared, were furn.sheJ ns. «... * ^"i '".!'i"'' *^"'- P™<='<"' "'■<'e''^i' "'6 to make out a return of all the prisoners who were killed br the Indians subsequent to the battle, agreeable to the best information I could collect. The enclosed rcturnmark- ed B. was produced by this order. I might have added the gallant Cant. Nathaniel Gray , S. nlrt, deputy in- spector general 5 Capt. Viipl M'Crackin, of Co Ahen's regiment,. Capt. John H.^Woolfolk, yiur secrctarv' ensign Levi aI ells, of the Tth UniteVstateslSy and a number of privates, whom 1 find by subsequent information, have been massacred. Till*!''/ "m""*""^ ff^*' *'"'=«* rendered me by Capt. h s fate I ^:*T'"'".'"' particularly anxious to ascertain mslate. 1 flattered myselfhe was alive, and evary in- formation I could get for some time flattered my UpTs. ^\Zf *''«»?* P^^-ners who was brought^n, t^d me that the cantam was certainly massacredf He was so badly wounded asto prevent himfrom walking. The Indians took him some distance on a horse, but at length took him oft and tomahawked him. ^ « About tlie 10th instant, an Indian brought Capt. M' Cvackin's commission to Sandwich j the parer Tvas bloody. The fellow said he took the captaKnhurt but some time after, when stripping and examining him h nml..^^ „f ♦ V n^""?' ^"" """"* *"" ^e assured, is a humbug of the fellow's own making, to screen himself from the odium of barbarity. The J^ptain's c aracter and the danger that attendecl his carryiV such Sul' in a disastrous battle, give it the lie. >«rniture .,"£''Ei-Z."'"''^''''»'t«>-''»"ngbeen wounded in two fio"usrs o;! Z p "•"•^"' "» S»' '•^iJ'g* « one of the French nouses on the Raism. He was d scovered next day and dragged from his asylum. He was taken to ?he hoYs^ of ?G APPENDIX. a Mr. Lawer •, w^tre be said he would give 1000 dollars to any one who " jld purcLaHe him. Mr. Lassclle said It waa mii of ;,.s I wer, but hv luid no douht his brother 'would du it, who livftil at hand. Iff «jirected his owners to ih^ Ifcouse of his brother, but, ai ihay m ere on their jv«y» aa lud'au froma wu'te house shot him through the head. ^ « En&i^ri WftWs was taken by my mIc unhurt. I con- fiidered him aa; a. jve until my arrival at this place. Capt. Nags tells me he was killed by a Pottowattimie Indian, not long after he was taken. ■, " Many fresh scalps have been brought in since the battle, and dead bodies seen through the co intry, which proves that others have been killed whose nameH I have not been able to find out, independent of those reported to Col. Proctor. « This, sir, is all the information I havp been able to collect, concerning those who are massacred. The fif- ften or eighteen mentioned in the remarks to the return m^h to Col. Proctor, whose names do not appear, were Ik I knov/n by those who saw them killed. ♦* Major Graves of the 5th regiment of Kentucky vol- unteers, I have been able to get no information of furth- er than that lie was brought to the river Rouge, on the 25th orSGth of January in a sleigh. I fear, from our having heard nothing of him since, that he is no more, and that valuable olhcer forever lost to his country. " The dead of our army still denied the rights of se- pulture. At the time I left Sandwich, I was told the >iogs wei^e* uatin^ them. A gentleman told me he had seen, them running about with skulls, arms, legs ;u;d other parts of the human system in their inouti»s. i i.>\ French people on the Raisin buried Capts. Har^ -ro-* Woolfulk and some others, but it was more than their lives were worth to have been caught paying this last accustomed tr'bute to mortality. ^< I have sev. u fimcs agitated the subject of burying the dead, whet .'or. jaiiy with the British officers, , Ikut they alway -. ?;v Vv i^d thcT .dians would not sufter it. •I nh edb tour, 1. I private 5. Dan Butler In a ahawki soners or eigh men U ha'ing Henry the Inc Coloi Ecctrac Seen ryW «Ih; Medar(j ult. and count o orated I doubt I our W01 which p] to condi pimcipl nations* a surgeo the situa of our n after the purpose travelled APPENDIX, li if d rtturn of the American jrrim;m% who n.re iomnlcawk' ed by the Indians, subsequent to the buUle at French- town, January Q2d, 1813. 1. Pascal Hickmau, captain; 2. Janif-s K. BIyt);e, ?",?^*.'. ?: ^^'^^^^ Gerle9,do. 4. Thomas S.Crow, do! o, Daniel Darnell, do. 6. Tliomas Ward, do. r. William Umier, do. 8. Hertry Downy, do. 9. John P. Sidney do, m addition to the above numher,! saw two otliers tom- ahawked at Sandy creek myself, and find that the pri- soners now m the hospital in Sandwich saw, say fifteen or eighteen others, treated in the same manner. Two men toll vac they saw one who had the appearance of ha-M ng been burned to death. Those men who saw Henry Downy and William Butler killed, tell me that the Indians left them without scalping. ISAAC L. BAKBR, Colonel H. Proctof !'''''' '' ''"'^' ^'''''' ''^'""''y- Extract of a letter from Major General Harrison to the Secretary at war, dated at the Miami Rapids, Februa^ ry 11, 1813. \fll ^'t^ tjie honor to enclose to you the deposition of Medard Labadie, who was at the river Raisin on the 22d antl remained Ihere till the 5th instant. His ac- count of the loss ot the enem;r in the action, is corrob- orated b^ several others, nor is there the least reason to doubt his statement, as it regards the horrible fate of our wounded men. There is another circumstance jvhich plain ly shews tliat the British have no intention to conduct tlie war (at least in this quarter) upon those pnji.iples which have been, held sacred by all civilized nations. On the 50th ult. I dispatched Dr. M'Keehan. a surgeon's mate in the militia, with a flag, to ascertain the situation of our wounded.. He was attended by one ot our mihtia men and a Frenchman* On the iiieht H!!'PTA^ ^\^'^A^ fe^v1iour'£sleep,in a vacant cabin «i-^.a ...^ uank Oi ine river. i he cariole in which they travelled was left at the door with the flag set up ia it. 78 APPENDIX. Thev.werc discovered by a party of Indiana, (accompa- med, It IS said, by a British officer) and attacked in the manner described in the deposition. The militia maa was killed and scalped, the doctor and the Frenchman taken. Doctor M'Keehan was furnished with a letter addressed to any British officer whom he might meet, describing the character in which he went, and the object for^which he was sent, an open letter Gen. Winchester, ^nd written instructions to himself all of which he was directed to show to the first officer he met with. He was also supplied with one hundred dollars in gold to procure necessariies for the prisoners. The affidavit of Medard Labadie, late resident near the river Raisin, in the Michigan territory. He being sworn, saith, he was in his house when he heard the guns at the commencement of the action at the river Raisin, on the 22d Jan. 1813, between the American forces under Gen. Winchester, and the British Canadian and Indian forces, said to be commanded bv Col. St. George. Af- ter ^ome little time, he heard th"at the Indians were kH- ling the inhabitants as well as the Americans, upon which he went towards the scene of action, in order to save his family. As he went^on, he was with one other in- habitant taken prisoner by two Wyandot Indians, and carried prisoners to the Indian lines,.from which he saw great part of the action. The right wing of the Aineii- cans had given way before he got a sight of the action. It terminated affer the sun was seme hours high, not far from 11 o'clock A. M. by the surrender of the Amer- ican forces that then remained on the ground* He saw the flag hoisted by the British sent tathe American forces, and saw it pass three times to the Americans before the sur^fcndcr. He could not understand English but understood that Gen. Winchester was taken prisoner before he got to the lines of his own men ; that he was compelled to carry the flag to his own forces after he wai taken 5 that he understood the reason of the flag passing so often was that the Americans refused to sur- >! render upon any other terms than the wounded should be taken care of,. the dead buried, and the inhabitants jwotected in their property. That the British first APPENDIX. ' 75 refused to agree to these terms but finally did a^r^c to them. IFc also understood that the loss of the British and Indians in the action was about 400 killed. He also understood that the loss of the Americans in the action was about 180 killed. He knows that on the day of the action all the pris- oners who were able to march were marched off tow- ards Maiden, the wounded, about 60 or 80 in number lett in two houses without any of their friends on a' physician to take care of them, and without any Brit- ish ofhcer or men. About ten Indians remained'behind ^^T.*i %?''^"",'*~*^'^^''^^"^« ^f the Indians went oft- with the British, and he was told by some of iU Cana- dian militia that the British had promised the Indians a trohc that night at Stoney Creek, about six miles from the river Raism. He was liberated after the line of »iarch was formed for Ma den. Ihe next mo.rning he was in the houses wi:ere tlie wounded were. That mornins about fifty Indians reiurned ; they brought whiskey with them; they drank some and gave some to the Indians there, and between 9 and 10 o^clock, A. M. they commenced killing tiie wounded, then set fire to the houses the wounded were in, and consumed them. He was at his father s, on this side of the Detroit river, about seven days alter the action, and saw across the river tlie pris oners marched off for Niagara from Maiden. ' He saith that he saw taken by his house, by Capt. El- liot, and nine Wyandot Indians, two men that he had understood had been sent by Gen. Harrison with a flas to the British. One of the men (Mr. Tessier) he knew, the other he did not know, but understood that he was ^VL^^, He had not an opportunity of conversine with them, but understood from an inhabitant, to whom lyjr.lessier communicated it, that they stopped for the night and left the flag lioisted on the cariole ; that the nag was taken away unknown to them, and that the In- _-„.ift -^,, , iun tucrti 5 tiiaxne, i essier, toid them they were Frcnclimen, and surrendered, upon which ^^^ m ip. J. 1 ;, ' '='«** vuucicu, ujjuii WHICH me in- aians ceased finng, ^jid took them. They then men- 80 APPENDIX. r tinned thcr were sent with a flag. The Indians ^aid they were liars and took thehi oft*. Mr. Tessier was set at liberty at the river Raisin and remained two days expecting the doctor to return; at the end of wliich time Tessier was sent for by the Brit*- ish and taken to Maiden. He understood that the doctor was sent off immediately to Niagara ; the doctor was wounded in the ancle. He understood the British charged the doctor and Tcssicr with being spies. And further he saith not. (i^igiied) MEDARD LABADIE. , WitnesSjC. Gratiot,, capt. engineers and interpre- ter. Sworn to before me, this 11th day of February, 1813, Camp, foot of the Miami Rapids. (Signed) C. S. TODD^ dis. judge ad. U. GRAHAM, aid de camp. A true copy.. J^icholasville, C^H-) ^P^H 24*ft, 1813. Sir — Yours of the 5th inst. requesting me to give you a statement respecting the late disaster at French* t©wn, was duly received. Rest assured, sir, that it is with sensations the most unpleasant, that I undertake to recount the infamous and barbarous conduct of the British and Indians after thebattle of the 22d January .> The blood runs cold in my veins when I think of it. On the morning of the 2Sd,. shortly after light, six or eight Indians came to. the house of Jean Baptiste Jeraume, where I was in company with Major Graves, Captains Hart and Hickman, Doctor Todd, and fifteen ©r twenlv private volunteers, belonging to dliferent corps. They did not molest any person or thing on then* first approach,, but kept sauntering about until there were a lar^e number collected (say one or two hundred) at whicn time they commenced plundering the houses of the inhabitants,^ and the massacre of the \vounded prisoners. I was one amongst tiie first that was taken prisoner, and was taken to a horse about 20 *kn.AAA 4*..^«^ au^ 1 _rA^„ i,«:«_ j: x-.i -r x „r yS,\,\ia i&uiaz UiC ilUUSC iiilCi' UCIIlgUiVUSlCU VI pUlt VI Uiy ^l£tbiDg; and commauded by signs there to remuin for furthf knocL aeverj posing eifort contai the ho ded h] giving barity, name ( blanke hotase me car ards m blow, JMcCai started ers, w mangle thino-. Mess collect) by the ced the came w to Mal( whilst i savage strippcM atteado al woui; After tl niarchir Indians preparii Brad for were Pa chaTi'jin ha readi APPRNDrX. furth- knocl ■V- orders. Shortly after behi^ thero, I f kxlown C apt. Jlickman H the door, to£rei ?aw them ^oAher v/ith several othe.s Wit!, who. T^sTot ac 'uJiXr^'u' .^ posn j; a general massacre had commenced, I made an effort to Rot to a house about 100 yards dista„nhich contained a number of wounded, but, on my reach ne the house, to my great mortification, found if IZrmn. ded by Indians, which precluded the possibility of my C?f '"'^\*V''« ""fortunate victim'^s of savage b^r^ hlanLt t„!r *^ ^^''^ '!'^ possession of his horse and blanket, telng me by signs, to lead the horse to the house I had just before left. The Indian that fiVst took 'Tdrrh? " •' •"r'"*^^'' J^ hostile disposufon „w- t .!l-l™""'S •"« tomahawk as if to^ve the fatal ai ced thep, by our respectivrca^Tors exe; B /t^e?^ came where wewerc,entreati„'gan Indian to conveihto to Maiden, pvom.smg to give htm 40 or 50 dollars,^ and ^^'^^^:^''f"^'r •"«'■'=■''• - I"dia; more savage than the other stepped up behind, tomahawked atrj:rt'l"' ''f.Pf ^'"'- "^''^ '«''* *•>»' attracted my attention, was the houses on fire that contained sever^ al woumled whom 1 knew were not able to get o?.ll Af,er the houses were nearly consumed, we received niavclnng oroers, and after arriving at Sandy creek the Indians called a halt, an.) comme'nccd coolcin.. after preparing and eating a little sweetened gruel, % essrt Bradford, Searls, Turrerand mvself received ome,and were natins, when an fndi-,. . »™„ „„ ....i _ °" " .', . n! , ,^ ■; *"' 'nockasons for iMr. Scarls' shoes, which -.0 HMd,l;,- coTnpl.ed wi^.u They then exchanged hats, 82 APPENDIX. after which the Indian enquired how many men Harri- son had with him, and at the same time calling Searls a Washington qv Madison, then raised his tomahawk ancX struck him on the sliouldcr^ which cut into the cavity of the body. Searls then caught hold of the tomahawk ancJ appeared to resist, and upon my telling him that his fate was inevitable, he closed his eyes and received the sav- age blow which terminated his existence. I was near enough to him to receive the brains and blood, after the fatal blow, on my blanket. A short time after the death of Searls, I saw three others share the same fate. We then set out for Brownstown, which place we reached about 12 or 1 o'clock at nighk After being exposed to several hoars incessant rain in reaching that place we were put into the council house, the floor of wnich m as partly covered with water ; at which place we remained until next morning, when we again received marching orders for their village on the river Rouge, which place we made that day,, where I was kept six days, then ta» ken to Detroit and sold. For a more detailed account of the proceedings, I take the liberty of referring you to a publication which appeared in the public prints, sign- ed by Ensign J. L. Baker : and to the publication of Judge Woodward, both of which I have particularly ex* amined and find them to be literally correct, so far as came under ray notice. I am Sir, witii due regard, Your fellow citize)i, G LIST A V US M. BOWER. Siirs'eon^S'Mate 5th Eea^t, Kentucku Volunteers, ^e5?samine county, to wit. This day Gustavus M. Bower, personally came be- fore mo, .Tolm Metcalf, one of the commonwealth's jus- tices of the peace in and for said county, and made oath to the truth of assertions before stated by the said Bow- er. Given under my hand this 24th day of April, 1813. JOHN METCALF. Jea&e Bledsoe, esq. I^exington. Stii- to the d January ^erms oi General within n troduce( forces at by him \ were lef I Willi no mained \ tor of m^ and the s you will special c I will se to Amhe tertain t doing Wj tlid noit V prehensii hiy doub sured mc gaged in wounded hie, but ^d the Br pretcrs ii tiess to t1 Yor the w •ed with c liad visit( was solic Elliot re should be ^d that e hint On hi t)wnhaus APPENDIX. «d Lejcington^ ^faij 2«/, 1813. Stii — I rccelveil your letter some time since, relative to the disastrous ailair of Frenchtown of 22d and 23d' January last. For the particulars of the action, and the lerma of capitulation, 1 refer you to the official report of General Winchester, which is correct as far as came within my knowledge* After the capitulation I was in- troduced to col. Proctor, the commander of the British forces and Indians, as one of the surviving surgeons, and by him was uequested to attend to our wounded, who were left on the ground where the action was fought. I willingly acquiesced, and Doctor Bowers my mate re- mained with me 5 «it the same time I informed Col. Proc- tor of my apprehensions for the safety of the wounded and the surgeons 5 lie replied be under no apprehensions, you will be perfectly safe, I will place you under the special care of the chiefs until morning and very early I will send conveyances for the wounded and yourseu' to Amherstburg. Shortly after, I was requested to as- xertain the number and rank of the wounded, and in so doing was assisted by a British officer (whose name I tlid not know) to wh«m I likewise communicated my ap- prehensions of safety ; he manifested some irritation at toy doubts of British honor and magna"nimity, and as- sured me protection w ould be afforded me. While en- gaged in this business, one bf the rooms occupied by the wounded was crowded with Indians who were peacea- ble, but ohe of them who could ispeak English admonish- ^d the British officer of the pi-opriety of stationing inter- preters in the houses. Upon my return from this busi- liess to the rootn I occupiecl, and which was set apart ^or the wounded officers, I met, and was made acquaint* ;ed with captain Elliot, a:t predent a British officer, who 1)ad visited Captain Hart then woundel. Captain Hart Ayas solicitous to be i-emoved that e\tning, and Captain Elliot replied, if it was ndssibf^ (and every exertion should be made) he should, ^nd, if it couM not be eflrect" ;ed that evening, early in the morning he would call for > hint: OD his n-wn tr-'^in fHl^^ich^ J^nti r^nwAtr K;.%a 4-#^ liia wn hQUse in Amherstburg, where he should remain un- *til re^overed^ assuring him, repeatedly, no dariger was i 84 APPENDIX. io be apprehended, and if possible Ive woukl remam wjth him that night. In the afternoon Captain Elliot and ev^ery British officer left the encampment, leav- ing behihd4hree interpreters. From tlie repeated as- surances, my apprehensions were quieted ; for who could doubt ? About one hour before day light (for my duties required my attention nearly all the night) the interpreters suddenly disappeared. About an hour af- ter day light, the Indians began to collect xu the town, and commenced plundering the houses in which the wounded were placed, and then stripped them and my- self of our clothing. At this time the room I bad occu- pied was crowded with Indians, and Capt. Hart's wound already painful, being injured by them, I conveyed him to an adjoining house which had been plundered and was empty, where I met the Indian (who on the prece- ding day had requested that interpreters should be left) and he knew my rank. He inquired why the surgeons were left,. and why the wounded were left ? I replied it was the wish of Colonel Proctor we should remain until he could send for us 5 and Capt. Hart informed him Capt. Elliot was a friend of his and was to call for him that morning. He shook his head significantly, and replied they were damned rascals, or w^ would have been ta- ken oft* the preceding day. The Indian informed me every individual would be killed, and requested me to he quiet, for the chiefs were then in council and, « may Ue," oidy the wounded would be killed. Captain Hart offered him one hundred doll|urs to take him to Maiden. He replied, you are too badly wounded. While we were conversing, one of the wounded was tomahawked at our feet. Shortly after, the Indian returned and told me, I was a prisoner, and must go. I was taken by the Indian to the house I had left, and there discovered that Captain Hickman arid two others had in my absence been tomahawked, scalpt, and stript. 1 was tied and taken by this Indian toward Maiden about four miles, when I came to the encampment of the British wound- ed, and met with Captain Elliot and the surgeon of the 4ist reeiment. Captain Elliot immediately recognised inc; aad inquired the cause of my situatioa. I iaformed him w back ii might medC ship. may r( Inclian "ivho ai many i making be sav( my ow sleighs €d. '^. of savi make s ments pied, a portan< anterpr they w gave ad cd. I ott and >vound( Indians questec compan tain £1] no fears the lut gence o: tain Ell perated. savages when tl] wounde wards o iion and ring, the V> APPENDIX. s?r Jnm what had taken place, and requested him td send back immediately, that some who were badly wounded might he still alive, and could be savetl, particularly na- ined Captain Hart, for whom he manifested much friend- ship. Captain Elliott replied, it is now too late, you inay rest assuied that those who are once taken by the Indians are safe, and will be taken to Maiden, and those who are badly wounded are killed ere this. I replied, many are unable to walk, and some will be killed after Miakmg an effort and walking several miles, who might be saved ; to which he replied, charity begins at home, iny own wounded are to b^ conveyed first, and if any *[f*g»s remain, they shall be sent back for your wound- ed. My anxiety to get some persons to return, in hopes ot saving some of the prisoners, induced me at length to make an appeal to their avarice. The surgical instru- ments of the detachment were left in the room I occu- pied, and 1 informed the surgeon of their value and im- portance at the time ; he immediately dispatched aii anterpreter for them, who returned with the infewmatioa they were destroyed in Uie burning of tlie house, and gave additionjri information of the massacre of the wound- ed. I was released from the Indians by Captain Elli- ott and the surgeon. At this time my brother, who was wounded and several others, were in possession of the Indians, who were taking them towards Maiden. I re- quested their release, and permission for them to ac. company me on foot, under British protection. Cai^- tain Elliott told me it was impossible, and to he under no lears 5 they were safe, for he knew the fidelity of tae Indians with whom tliey were. When the intelli- gence ol the massacre was by me communicated to Cap- tain iihiott and the surgeon, tliey appeared much exafi- perated, and declared it was impossible to restiain tJie savages, ihe cause he then assigned to me was,: that wn«n the Indians discovered their loss in killed and wounded, and that of the British, they started off to- wards our wounded, declarpd th^v r^rMM b«va ^^i\.f.n^ iion and, he continued, I was feartul of theeventV"i>i. nng. the plunder and the massacie, our wounded ccmi- ; Bb ^ APPENDIX, tiuctecf tncMsclvcs with the utmost composure and re- signation, and made no resistance, which thej knew would be fruitless, and destruction to all. It was asserted by Col. Proctor in a conversation at Amherstburg, that the Indians had got some whiskey in the house we were stationed, and had become intoxica- ted. That tlie Indians may have had some whiskey, 1 shall not deny, but I think I can safely say, that they did not procure it there, and that was not the cause of the massacre, for on the preceding days and subsequent to the action of the 18th, I wanted some spirits, and made application to the housekeeper, who assured me there was none about the house, for it was all consumed by the British and Indians who had quartered in the liouse prior to the action of the 18th ; besides the Indi- ans shewed no manifestation of drunkenness ; their de- liberate pilfering and their orderly conduct throughout, was not such as v/ould he expected from drunken In- liians. Upon my arrival at Maiden I wns again solicUed to take c!iarg2 of the wounded, the surgery was opened to me, and I had tlie Use of the medicines and dressings necessary, and they had as comfortable rooms as could be procured. During eur stay in Maiden some ei^^ht or ten of t-ie wounded were brought in by the Indians j Several made t'leir escape wlio were doomed to massa* ere, and found protection with the inhabitants of the territory, who brought them into Maiden, and several , tnadc their escape, wandered in and delivered themselves up at the fort. Prior to our leavingMalden^one poor fel* low v»-as brought in scalped alive by the Indians and de- livered up to the British, but ])fjfore I reached him tlcath put an end to his suflfering.?* I frequently, and on every occasioii, urged the British oilpiCers to exert themselves and proturfe the release of the wounded froili the Indians, urging the necessity of having their wounds dressed. In a conversation on "this subject with capt. Isllioff. nwfl fv]ii]i< iirfriri-r if lip i-pnliod- tU*^ Tnillans arc excellent surgeons. The prisoners were all marched <>ff to Sandwich after remaining a hw days at Maiden, and i was called upon to know ho'« many fronii theiJ* \ l&ii: upoi APPENDIX. 8f wounds were unable to march ; who had slei-hg furnisli- e. and late surgeon to the 5tli rti^t. ti lleiitucky volunteer militia. The lion, Jesse Bledsoe, The commonwealth of Kentucky^ ;) Fayette county, y *^' This da^ Doctor John Todd came before me, John IT. Morton, a justice of the peace for said couritv, and made oath that the facts stated in the foregoing letter are sub- stantially true to the birst of his knowledge. Given under my hand this 5d dov of May, 1813. JOHN H. MORTON. State of Kentucky, Pendleton comiy, in tlie town of Falmouth, Kentucky ^^ ^^^ and attached to eaptain Wj lei Seabrees' c^.mpanY,"aiid was in the battle of 18th Jaiiuarv^ and did iMit receive a wound, but on the 2!2d, about 9 o^clock, received a shot under the right arm, which lodged between the ribs. After tlie capitulation of ou:- (roopf;, there caiac a pav master of the British army in the iiouse where I was. to take the number of wounded that was in the house, I asked what was to be done with us 5 he replied don't make your^self uneasy about thai, you shall be protecled tins night by a strong pard which shall be leit with vou. But to my sad misfortune, I found there were but tlirt e interpreters left, and in the night an officer took two of them awayj and in tlie morning the other said he could 88 APPENDIX. not talk Indian, ^'o when the Indians came in the morn- ing, thev broke open the doors of the houses, began to tomaliawk, scalp and plunder, then set fire to the hous- es which contained the prisoners ; with this I got up, put on my great coat, put up my knapsack and went out of tloors. I had not l)een out more than one minUte, be- iore an Indian came up to me and took the coat off my back, also anotlier Indian told me to put my knapsack in hi8 sled ; 1 did so. At this time Major Graves and V|apt. Hart were out in the yard. I heard Capt. Hart make a bargain with an Indian to take him o Maiden, Tvhich the Indian agreed to do for the sum of one hun- dred dollars. I saw the Indiaa put a pair of socks on llart and put him on a horse ; this was the last I saw of ijart. I then saw a man riding, whom I thought was a British officer. 1 made to him but found thai ho was an Indian, who was rid-de-camp to general Roundhead ; Le had with him when I came up twelve men. It waa iit the mouth of a lane where I overtook him, where there v/ere two Indians scalping twa men ; he hallooed to them to give way ; they did so. After thii*^ we went on, and on Sandy creek, about 3 jniles from the battle ;round I saw Maj. Graves in an Indian sleigh ; this ia the last account of him that I could ascertain. We went on that night to Brown8ti>wn, and in the morning of the S4th a man gave out walking, with the rheumatic paini, who was by the n(Mneof Downey. Tlie Indians toma- hawked hiiii and then ^3tl ipt liim. "We then Uiarched on above Detroit on the river Rouge. I staid with thani several dayH,they then took me into Detroit (leaving a young man in the camp by the name of John Davenport) and sold me to Maj. Muir, who commands fort Detroit. 1 then was sent over to Sandwich, there I staid until the 8th of February ; thev marched me to fort George and m6 on the I9th of February, 1813. The above is a true statement as far as I saw, though I saw Jiumbers massacred that I did not know. During my confinement with the Indians, whilst at their camps, they shewed me more hunjanity than the British. Given under my haua this 21st day of April, 1813, JOHN DAWSON, APPENDIX. m Pendleton county^ ss, 1, William Miuntjoy, one of the commonwealth's jus- tices of the peace for the state of Kentucky, in and for fiaul county, do certify that the forgoing certificate of Jiolm Uawson, was written, subscribed and sworn to be- fore me. Given undcrniy hand this Slst day of April, 1813. \V M. MOUNTJOY. State of KentucJcij, Pendleton county, in the tvwn of Falmouth, '' On the 21st day of April, 1813, 1, Thomas Pollard, a pm'nteof Capt. Glavc's company, of the 1st Regiment ?iwi i'^-^- i'""^"';^?*^ ', '"^**^''''' ^^^^"^ battles fought with the lintish and Indian army, on the 18th and 22d €il January last, at the riyer Raisin, and after the sur- render of our army as prisoners of war, on the 22d,unon the assiirances of British officers promising protection to my wounded fellow soldiers, and that the> would send carrioles for tliem the next day, although I had received 110 injury in cither of the actions fought on the 1 8th and -^c , 1 volimtarily staid to assist and comfort my mess- mate?, Jojin Dawson, Albert Ammerman and Jesse *'reen, all of whom had received wounds by balls. i harp first examined the statement made and sworn to, by John Dawson, hereunto annexed, and witnessed every circumstance therein stated to be truly stated witbn my own knowledge. The Indian who bargained with C apt. Hart, to take him to fort Maiden for one hun- drcd dollars, and took charge of him, put him on ahorse and started on his way ; spoke good enough the Eyglisli loijgue for us to underhtaud the contrrct. THOMAS POLLARD. Pendleton county, ss, I, William Mountjoy, one of the commonwealth's ,vustices of the peace for the state of Kentucky, in and lor said COnntv. dn rprfifv ih^i d.« f«».^«.,.^^™ ^^..i;/* -^_ Bj^Z 90 APPENDIX. State of Ktentuckij, Pendleton Counfi/, in the toum of Falmouth, ' OntheSlsifday of April, 1815, 1,Albert Ammerman, a private of captain Glave's company of the tii-st regi- ment of Kentucky volunteer militia, being wounded in the battle of thp 18th January last, at the river Raisin, by a ball in the flesh of the thigh ; and from the window of the house which was appropriated for an liospitaf, M'asa witness to the battle of the S2d of the same month ^ and after the surrender, I, being but slightly wounded, proposed marching with the rest o^f the prisoners, and was prevented by the order of a British officer, who said tnat a guard would be left to take care of tlie woun- ded, and carrioles would be sent for them to i idc in to Afalden, on the next morning. But to my astonishment Jiio guard was left, and about sun rise on the morning of the 23d, a party of Indians returned to the hospital, and the iirst Indian that came to the room I was lodged in, could speak the English language. He was asked by one of the wounded what was to be done with the ^vounded. He replied they were all to be killed that could not walk ; and shortly after a general ma&sacre €onunenced. I instantly put on my knapsack, and went owt of the house ; my knapsack was demanded by au Indian at the door, to whom I gave it. He conductetV me to a log some little distance from the bouse, on which I sat down, where 1 witnessed the butchery of many of my fellow citizens sufferers by the tomakawk and scalp- ing knife ; and, to finish the scene, set fire to the houses occupied by the wounded prisoners, many of them struggling in th*!; arms of death, put their heads out of the windows whilst enveloped in smoke and tlame^j. After this bloody work was finished, I was marched olf in the direction towards Erownstovvn, by an Indian, and when about half a mile from Frenchtown on our way, was overtaken by tv/o Indiana, who had Capt. Hart in custody, mounted on a horse. As they approach- ed nearly to us, I noticed they were speaking loud and animated as if in a quarrel IS 13. J. H. MOnXON, J. P. 8t€t3 of TCentiicky, ^ Fayette county, 5 ' Personally appeared before me, a justice of the peace for the county aforesaid, Charles Bradford, an inhabi- the 18th and 22d of January last that, he was wouiided in the right hip and remained at Frenclilovvn after the capitulation ; that on the 22d before the prisoners (who were able to walk) were marched fj^r Maiden, he saw Capt. William Elliot, with whom he had been formerly acquainted, and of whom he enquired, personally, what ^uld be done with the wounded prisoners ? ^\'hether 'they would be taken to Maiden that evening with the other prisoners or not ? he said they would not be taken to Maiden that evening, but a strong guard would be left to protect them against any outrage the Indians might be disposed to commit, jhllUot had a fciiwilar coavcrsa-* S;.' APPENDIX. Qf? and this de- ^- — ^, ^„..„v, .w.mci niatea wvax sleiffllS would be sent to convey the wounded to Maiden the next morning. This deponent further says that the British marched away ; no guard was left to protect the wound- ed, and that Capt. Elliot, when asked the reason, Observed thatsome interpreters were? left whose influence among the Indians was greater, and that they were better aole to protect us than a guard. About 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning of the 23d of January, thig deponent discovered that the interpreters had left the house in Wiiicli he uas, and he never saw them afterwards; that between day light and sun rise, on the 2Sd, he saw a large number of Indians come to the house, ihey burst open the door, and in a few minutes commencecl plun- cienng the prisoners, and tomahawking those who wf^re unable to walk. This deponent left the house as soon as possible and went into the yard, where a number of his leilow prisoners had assembled ; he was there claimed as a Pnsouer by an Indian, who gave him some articles to {.old whilst he plundered more. At this time he was standing with Doct. Bowers and James E. BhtK*, when an Indian without any provocation, toir.ahaw ted Bly the and sea ped him. Shortly after, they (the Indians) set me to the houses in which the wounded had been tuiar- tered, and burnt them down, with tlie bodies of those wliom Uey had murdered. Thi^ deponent was then taken by tae Indians, in company with Doct. Bowers, i^uaries J5cans, Julius Turner, and several others to »-.undy Cieek; that on the way he saw a number of pri- soners vvhojicd been tomahawked ; tlmi whilst at Sa.idy treek, taey murdered Ciiaries Searls, Thomas S. Crow, and tiiree or four others; that this deponent vvas then packed with foity or ftf(y pounds weight and taken to tiie river lUuge, whe-e the Indians had encamped >that \vhilst he was there, he enquired of an Indian^vhethcr fie would take him to Maiden, as he wished to be givt a to CoL Elliot. The Indian said if Col. Elliot told him >to do so he would, as they ahvays did as he requested theiji. This depvaent was six 'da js with the IndiaRs !» -sr 94 APPENDIX. be.ore taey took him to Detroit, Mhere he waspurcliasca by Stephen Mack and Oliver W. Miller, forei-hty doN /7/ '- i";' ^^^ ^^'**^^^ ^^^^^^' coxmandinj- at'' l)etroit in* -^^'^^^"''.^ ^^^}^ claimed him as a British prisoner^ notwithstanding his having just been ransomed from ine.r allies, by his own countrymen, and sent him to ►sandwich, wnere he remained until the Cth or lOth of ^ebruary, when he was sent to Fort George, and tliere paroled. ^ Fhis deponent states, that whilst a prisoner at ^andvvica, he was several tiroes treated insultinH v by the British officers and by one John M'Gictor ; that the citizens generally treated the prisoners with kindness and attention, as far as was in their power. This being the first opportunity the deponent has had ? «f pressing his gratitude to the American citizens who treated the prisoners with «o mucii friendship and hu- manity at Detroit, cannot refrain f]om so doing. And ^ long as he lives, the names of Messrs. Mack, Miller, bmart, A\oodward, Williams, M'Donald, Hunt, Mays! &c. shall never be forgotten. ' *^ * ^ ^ CHAliLES BRADFORD. bworn and subscribed to, before me thi* 29th day of ^^"^' 1^,13. 0. KIEN, J. A (Copy) GXKK] Kxpos Marcli View < Skctcli Inyasi( Campa Battle ^aval Biogra Massa< Attack Attack Expedi Invents Battle ( Furthei Bjograf BiograJ • ; Append retai Corr INDEX,^ I GIKBRAL TITLES OF CONTENTS TO THE IsT VftlVME, Kxposition of the Causes of the War, - - - '^^q March of Gen. Hull to Detroit, &c. ----.' ^ View of the Michigan Territory, - - - - . 41 Sketclies of that part of U. Canada which a"s?:ntf'^r.l' ^^"- ^'".^^'^ "^''^^-^ <>P-^^-s, 48 Invasion of Canada, &c Camjpaigns of Gon. Harrison, Battle of the Moravian Town, - M"^ . ^aval Battle on Lake Erie, - . - . . Biographical notice of Gen. Harrisok - - Massacre of the^arrison -of Fort Dearborn, Attack on Fort Harrison, - - - - . . Attack on Fort Belle Vue, -,-... Expeditions against the Indians of the Wabash and lUenois, Events on the Niagara Frontier in 1812, - Battle of Queenstown, - - - . . Further operations on the Niagara, &c. - Bjographica notice of C<^. JI.Tm. Johnson, Biographical notiQe of. Col. Geo. Croghan, Contents of the Jippendi^. Appendix A.^ Letters taken with Proctor's baggage, Oct. 5, 1813, --— B. Extracts of letters to the sec ^^^"^y Jf war from Indian agents, - -"— ; C. [erroneously printed " D'H Correspondence of Lieut. Pike with the XN. W .jLompanjr's agent, 1806, - . - ■"'■""""— D. Henry's Caw^annr^A^-^f,^ S* Revolutionary services of * . Barbw-ities ot* i\i% «n«my 52 ■ 83 125 140 155 167 169 172 174 177 181 202 21a. 224, - - - 4 - - 13 - - aj Geh. Ifull, 61 at l^miuy 65 ERRATA. Ti'E author not being present when the proof sheets were taken, a few errors have crept into the work, which the reader is desired to correct with a pen. The most material 1$t^ the following, viz. Paffe 23, 6th line from bottom, after the word President, adc acted, 122, 8th line from bottom, (note) for shortness read straitness, 134^ 16th \m from top, for M'Cobe, read M'Cabc. ,'■ !- 4:'i,,w.. .. . sheets work, The ddent, \s read 'Cabc. "«»!