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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est filmd d partir de Tangle supdribur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessalre. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST ChART (ANS; and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) LO 1.1 1.25 2.8 3.2 tii ■ 4.0 1.4 11^ [III 2.2 2.0 1.8 A ^P^LIED IVMGE Inc S^ 1653 East Main Street T^ Rochester, New York 14609 USA ,^S (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone =: (716) 288 - 5989 -Fax B/Of 1634 I I I . GEOLOGICAL SUEYEY OF CAIS'ADA O. M. Dawson, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S., Directok CONTHIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL.-EONTOLOGY VOLUME IV. PAHT II A REVISION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OP CANADIAN PALEOZOIC COBALg The Madreporaria Aporosa and the Madreporaria Ru,go»a BY LAWRENCE M. LAMBE, F.G.S. AttUtant Palceontologitt. 'NIVKtSlIv 01 «4tW BHUf^SWlCK ^iBPARif-- llll ! m 50 oomEvas s /f.^r: OTTAWA PRINTED BY 8. E. DAWSON, PRIx\TER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1901 V«. win 'f^^^. I^M^HH^^^^^^^^^^^^^R Hi^H ■■■■■j ■ ■ IP i ■HHHIHl ^^^H ■ ■■ HflHH' ^I^^^H^^H I^^H ^^^^H W ^ ■ ^M K ^^^^^^^^^^^^^_ ^^^^H I^^^^^H m ^^TT^^I^^^H ■ ^^1 IB GEOLOGrCAr. SURVEY OF CANADA O. M. Dawson, C.M.G.. LL.D., F.R.S, Dirkctok CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL/EONTOLOGY VOLUME IV. PART II A REVISION OF THE GENKRA AND SPECIES OP CANADIAN PAL^:OZOIC C0HAL8 The Madreporaria Aporosa aitd the Madreporaria Rugosa By LAWRENCE M. LAMBE, F.G.S. "*" Assistant Palceontologist. I UNI. MTV ^y *^^J 1986 LIBRARIES OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1900 No. 713 JXl'^Tr '"'"" °° ',''" "'«'"l»™™ Apor„„ .„d the M.,l„p„r. r and TT ..f H f '''"'"'"■^'' ^^^^ the Alcyonaria, the two forming parts m1 Th r '""7^'^°'r« of ..Contributions to Canadian PaLn- wiogy. Ihirteen pates illustraHn« fi,„ » i. publication. >Hu8tratmg the text accompany the present GEORGE M. DAWSON. Geological Suhvey Department, OiTAWA, December, 1900. GEOLOOIOAL SURVEY OF C ANADA. CONTRIIiUTlONS TO CANADIAN PAMONTOLOGY. VOLUME IV. Part II. A RKVTSTOV OF THK (JENERA AND SPECIES OF CAN.' \DIAN ERRATUM. Page 196 line 13 from top./o. venuata read Whitoave«iana. Pa^.o,,ynu^, Bim„,. ,a^^. «... „, ,,„^_ •• J-^^z; Ge„l. Su.ey of Canada. Corallum composite or faaciculate, mansive, attached by the base com- fZrflTeTt' 7"^'^^''°'^^' °^ ^^"^'^^"^^ oorallites'whose TX a^ Zlrl, ^'"'^ contiguous are not completely amalgamated Septa lame lar. generally well developed and alternately long and short he pr.mar.es nearly or quite reaching the centre of the vlcerfl chamber ! 18 broken H 1""^ '' ^* '""'"'"•'^ '^''' ^«'^*^'^"**^ '- *he same plane IS brok n by the septa. When the corallites are separate and cylindrical GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OAMDIAN PAMONTOLOGY. VOLUME IV. Part IL A REVISION OP THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. The Madrepm-aria Aporosa and ths Madreporaria Rugosa, BY LAWRENCE M. LAA"^"!?. ACTINOZOA. ZOANTHARIA (continued.) 3. Madreporaria Aporosa. COLUMN ARIAD^. Genus Columnabia, Goldfuss. 1826. CbWru, (pars) GoIdfuBs. 1826. Petrefacta Germani*, vol. I, p. 72 FavxsteUa, Hall. 1847. PaliEon. New York, vol I p 275 PaLopKyllur,., Bim„gs. 1858. R.p. of Progre. L -^7, Geol. Survey of Canada. CyathophyllQides (pars), Dybowski. 1873. Monograph I nn 78 and 1M FaviMla, Nicholson. 1875. Pal«on. of Ont., p. 21 COS?/!?""", """^P"^^*^ °^f^-i«"l-te. -assive, attached by the base, com- fZrF f ^^T ' '"^P-'^^g^"^^ ''' "^yli^^Jrical corallites whose wa Is are sZL Z 11 "':r °'^"'^^"°" *^« °°* ^'^'^Pl^'-ly an.algan.ated. Septa lamellar, generally well developed and alternately long a^d short the primanes nearly or quite reaching the centre of the visceral chamber • in one species they are short and of nearly equal size. Tabula, typically' honzontal and complete, but sometimes their continuity in the same plane IS broken by the septa. When the corallites are separate and cylindrical L— 1 97 98 CONTRXBUTIOXS TO CA.ABUK PA.^OKTO.OG. Type species.-C. alveolata, Goldfuss J?«ni,e.--Cair)bro-Silurian, Devonian. COLUMNARIA ALVBOLATA, Goldfuss. (Non Colun.nana alveolata, Hall, Billings, Rominger.) Plate VI., fig,s. 1, i„ Petrefacta Germanic, vol.. I., ,, 73, pi. XXIV.. Silur. de I'Ainer. Co;«mn«r,a alveolata, Goldfuss. 1820. <^0WW....>„,,S-S;^^^^^^^^^^ 1843. E.ai«urle8,. ^a.,-.^««« ,„,;;,,„, Hall I847' P ■;■' ''■ "' '"• ^"' «^- 1- -"««W.. a..),^„^"S:^-:--;- \£f V^ ".%«. la, . e. „ .,„ Canal;,, to '''"• °' ^^°^^-« ^^ 1857. Geol. Survey of Corallum massive, rouahlv h • l ■ ' ' ^' ^^^' young, and becoming' moTetLu a" in r"' *r'"^^^' ^-"'^ -^en ^^ll. Corallites polygonal uC::;^' "^*' ^="^ '' ^^^^ attachment veloped from about a Httle Uer 2 to 6 "^ 7 "' 'T°^ "'^'^ ^""^ ^e- one another throughout their length and div^"" t''^^ '""'^^'^^^^ ^^^h basal point. Septa, numbering tfom atttT'"? ^''*^^'"" ^ -"^-^ nately large and small, the latter exTendinl \' "'''" '""'"'y' ^'*«- the walls of the corallites, the former !) T ''"* '"*^"^^ ^^^^^d centre. Tabul. complete, Lrizonta] 1. 71 ''' ^"^^^ ^^^'-g the edges, about from two to fourTf ' ! 0^ ^"'^^ ^""""^'■^ ^t their rather shallow, exhibiting the el 'Z d • ""• ''^^^^^'^ P^^^'gonal. o-orallites a. general^ distS, .^^t^ ^IT s^I^ ^-^-- and from Lake Winnipeg anTthe R^h « ''"'"' '°'^''"«« ^'^ Ontario. »GV. and longitudinal lAMBE CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORAM. inger.) P- 72, pi. XXIV., Silur. de I'Amer. "5. figs. 1ft, b. c. yp. Fobs des Terr. Geol. Survey of 'a, b. 1. Surv. of Ohio, orals, p. 90, pi. 1- X., figa. 1, la. tl.. p. 151. ircular when il attachment len fully de. nnected with ■om a central thirty, alter- ;ance beyond 'eaching the ard at their !S polygonal, een contigu- us. mation, and 'f the Lake Geological in Ontario, illites vary le they are 99 of considerable size interspersed with much smaller one« in .fK .u The coral from Snake :.ad Lake Sf t^k« r» /i-r , referred to this species, from which it was separated specifically on account of the supposed smaller size of its corallites. It does not differ however in this respect from specimens of C. alveolata, Goldfuss in whth T alht. are rather below the average in size. In ^L^ sl^'h^^^^^^^^^ near,; . mtt d ^'^ T^'^ '"^^ ^' ' ™"' ''"^ ^ «- in shape and dispositL with '/hroJ C. Xl: ^^^ "^'^ ^^ ^^^^^^ matinTut'ir'' ''" '•'*''' *'' ''^'"'" ^^^* ^^^-^^ ^^A-t^d at the margin, but in some specimens they are less depressed where thev touch mnkled or plicated appearance near their edges, a not uncommon develop ment in some species of Favosites. "eveiop- Rominger mentions (op. cit. p. 90) the occurrence of this species in rocks of Niagara age at Point Detour, Lake Huron. Hudson River for^,^tion.--Jii^rth Vo\nt, Drummond Island Lake Huron, J Richardson, 1847; Cape Symth, Lake Huron, R. Bell 1859 Sle St r;; VtTT^ '''''■' '■ ^ ^^"^"' 1««« ^nake Island; ardson 1856 ' "''^'"°' '''' ' "^"^"^^ ^«^^' ^'^*--*>. J- I^ich- . Trenton forrrmtion.—Eaat Selkirk and Lower Fort Garrv ManifnK ll^'fv'fV- ''^^'^'■^^^' ^'^^' ^- ^- ^-be 189o7jaTHead Island, Lake Winnipeg, D. B. Dowling and L M. Lambe, 890; Mark J^^^yln :r93^^"^' ^^""^^ ^^ ^^^'^'^^^' <^^^- «^° ^^'' W ^030). In 1896 Dr. R W. Ells and the writer found, at Stewart's quarry (near Sand Point), lot 18, concession 11, township of McNab, Renfrew c'o nty and C. Halh, Nicholson, m situ, within a few feet of each other The writer is not aware that C. alveolata, Goldfuss. has previously been recorded in Canada or the United States from as low a horizon'as he Black River limestone. A transverse section of the corallites of the specimen from Stewart's quarry is shown on plate VI. ^-IJ 1 1 I V ^00 CONXB,BUX,O.S TO CAXAnx.X PX..o.ro.OOV. OOLUMXAHU HAtu, Nicholson. (Non Golumnaria alveolata, Goldfusa.) Plate VI., figs. 2, 2a. Columnaria alveolata. Hall ih47 p , -- ~~""^-' -•'■■.-'. p.. 1. .«..■. " Kominger. 187(J V ^ a ^' r.i . -"^XXIV., fits i o,^";^"""- '^^''^''•' I'oss. Corals ,, «q , «f.Vfi^«/;., Nicholson. 1879. Pai^^, rp , ^ , ;n w.dth from 4 to nearly U C^ ^ " "^?- ^^^ ^^O'-^Hites vary than ,n 6'. .W..a. Goldfuss. Se slta " Tl ""^ •^'■^^"^- ^ -- and „ .bering in all from about twenT fi' / ^°"" *^^ ''^'"«"^'- teela ;;r r '"^"' ^'^'^ ^ ^^o: di^^^^ff;^^/-^^. are of nearly «; free ed«os are denticulated and in wU ^'''""''^^ '^'^^'^ber; their entution into two alternatinTsL " d'T^f ^^''^^'^^ ^^^-^ d ff^ homzontal. entire, often slightly coLl'"^^ '''''■ ^^« *«bm«3 are - the edges, nor crenul.ted ll^^ZlZ T.""' '"* "°' '"^^^ '^-n some specimens the division line bet '1 J! ""' ^'^ ^- «^-^^«^- In m tr e„e section or when wealZ ^SlT'^'^^ ^--'^ ^"eaH; ^^:^^ z^r r ^^ -- — in Bi^re au Lard, Cap de^:l^tat Clsh^^ '^^"^^^'' ^'^ ^ * In the museum of the Survey itTs 7 ^' '"""^^ «* Champlain Paquette's Rapids, Ottawa RiX f ^^"1? '^ ^^^--s from Stormont, Ont. ; from Pakenham Morab 7f ^"""^'^'P' «°""*y of of Ottawa; from Rockland ,uar"; ,^ f.f ^"^^^-^ord townships west Vincent de Paul, !„« j^sus. Q^e frot T'^^^^^^-a; from P Champlam; also from Gravel Point S 7 jf' ^" ^^•'^' county of ^-m the west shore of Great ^I^m:::^^^'^!': ^^^^ Huron Ind ■The specimen of C M,//,- * , ' ^^^^ ^ipissing, Ont '.te„. i, w the Bla^k 1 1 , Z^I "t t" ««"- °° P^'^ VI. .„ fo.ne, o. the Oet.« Ri™. a JX wt^^tOr^' "- ^■■'' -OGY. UMII. 101 '• 47, pi. 12, figs, j^ ig. 70. Corals, p. 89^ p, ^> I'J- X., fi^«. 3, 5d of polygonal le corallites vary irregular in size ' lamellar keels of nearly equal chamber; their ns their differ- fhe tabulai are 't turned down alveolata. In be seen clearly '• The initial •allum when it f formation in Canada, 1863, Montreal and also on the f Champlain. 'cimens from P, county of wnships west ''a; from g'o. % county of ' Huron and . Ont. late VI. are , near Sand CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. COLUMNARIA RUGOSA, BillingS. (Sp.) Plate VI., figs. 3, 3a, 36. Columnarm erratica, Billinga. 1858. Ibid p 100 ..W«..o.., WHljea..^ ISO. ^PaW. Po.. vol. :„.. p. „,. , ,, p, Columnaria rugosa, Lambe. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII.. p. 217. Corallum fasciculate or aggregate; corallites surrounded by a thick eltter Tone ' 7 '^'^'^'^'^^ ^'^ whole length; transverse dfaphrlgm^ either none or rudimentary ; increase by lateral budding.' ^ "The type specimen, by far the most perfect specimen in the collection has been closely examined, and, by means of a longitudinal sect on of oTe Isent S^^^^^^^^ complete horizontal tabul. are found to be present The supposed absence or rudimentary condition of tabuhe being t:o:tCz^:^'T'^f''''' /-^^-m.^..^ from co^«...,,„;z twogene'ra. ^^'"'''^ ^^^^^ ^«--«« ^^e barrier to the union of these ^^Coh^mnaria rugosa may be defined as follows :- corallum consistin<. of an aggregation of circular or rounded polygonal corallites from" ut 3 to 9 mm in diameter, which are in contact with one another or" ee for greater or less distances. Septa, numbering about forty in we 1 deve oped oralhtes, alternately long and short, the long ones rea'chingt or a Zt to the centre, the short ones almost rudimentary. Tabuhe comoTete hon,ontal, slightly irregular, at times slightly coLave or Convex atd often turned downward at their edges, about four in a space of 2 m^ Increase by latera calicular gemmation. Exterior of corall tes mlrrd ttrp":r' -"^^'^ ^-^ ^^^" '^'^^^^-^^-^ ^^-^ correspondlnTS mel'^t "oThtrsli': ''" ''"'" ^7 considerably in size in some sped- mens m others they are more uniform, and when in contact whether Z:'Z f ^Sonal. they still remain distinct one from another gener ally with interspaces between them. ' ^ « Colurnnaria erratica, Billings, was described as ' forming large masses of corallites either in contact or separate. The separate cfllsTe Znd hose in contact more or less polygonal, the radiating septa rudimentarv forming about four sulci in the breadth of one line' upon heTntorLT- 102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. ! i I examined. The walls of the separate corallites are hi I " / ''"™'°' ally wrinkled.' This species i.s now repres n edtrH ^^"''^ntric- by a single specimen, fabelled in th 1:^ ' " ^^3.7 ^""TT consists of a portion of a coralium with ,, ""^ °* *^'^- killings, which tree „ .,„„.r p„„„„ J :;:"Tj„ivcrr "ui fi-: r- not show the senta hut fnKni "" "^ogfther, it unfortunately does fronithemannerTflorthof ^ '"•''"";'^ distinguishable. Judging stated presence of senta L ; "•"'•"; '^'' ^'''''"'' °^ '^^^^^ '^"d the rugosa, and that the two species Tre ctn' l'"""n ^^"'"^"^ "^^ ^• fact that out of a number of exlnL..' '''''"'"^ ^" "^^" °^ ^^e - .pta at all. but fo::;::;:--^:^:^ ':^zr^ Z] son. 1870; 2 miles south of Blue pTint, W MeO; rTsH nV^'"'" mens are silicified, and the structure i bes sVenl ' [ " '^'''' The specimens from Lower Fort Garrv »,«„» fU • . COLUMNARIA CALICINA, Nicholson. Plate VI.. fig. 4. PavisteUacalioini, mohohon. 1874. Rep. Brit Ass T..n f Co^wr/inarra Hcrtzeri, Romineer 187f! r o„i a ^t ', "'*"''• ^"^^ C^'-^l^. P- 197, pi. X., figs. 2, 2a. Ihis species was described by Nicholson fr«™ o„ ■ other. f„„ the sa« geologicl l,„ri»„ af C Ch 12^" ' •nd from the Httd.on River of Antioosti. ^ ' °""°' 15oe„t.,eo„po.edofoor.lli.e, that ma/be eithrfl L , °™' o»ri^sra^::f.i::rrif'rr""^^^^^^^^^ ouhe eo.a„L,or ^ 1:^^^^:- z^^:^:^^^ UMII, ] OANADIAN PALiEOZOIO CORALS. 103 )ut three and a the specimens i.nd concentric- Bum collection killings, which circular when rtunately does ble. Judging abulffi and the it the descrip- icimens of C. ' view of the nly one .shows iambe, 1899.) 9 Point, Que., I J. Richard- all the speci- Jathering has 'W Winnipeg, d by Donald ure well pre- to Billings's of growth, or they may form reticulated loops, not unlike a large Halysilea, or loose fascicles, with free corallites irregularly interspersed. The coral- lites are from about 3 to 6 mm. in diameter, and the line of division between them, when closely crowded together, is quite distinct. The septa vary in number from about twenty-eight to thirty-eight, of which one half pass to the centre or nearly so, the remainder are very short and might easily escape notice. The tabula, are horizontal, entire and deflected at the periphery. The outer surface of the corallites is strongly marked by encircling lines of growth and longitudinal ridges. New corallites seem to be reproduced by lateral calicinal budding. This species approaches very closely to Columnaria rugosa, Billings from the Trenton ot Lake St. John, Que., indeed it is questionable whether it would not be best to consider it as a variety of the latter species. Its corallites have not such a free growth as those of the Trenton form, and are, when crowded together, more decidedly angular and in closer contact. In C. rugosa the corrallites are more generally circular in section, even when aggregated, and the appearance of the corallum suggests a somewhat stronger growth. ffudson Xiver formation.— Cape Smyth, Lake Huron ; Credit River at Streetsville, Ont., J. B. Tyrrell, 1888. The largest specimen from the last named locality is over 10 cent, high and nearly 1.5 cent, acrujs ; the initial basal point is present and the divergence of the corallites, the gradual growth of the corallum and the admixture of circular and poly- gonal tubes are well shown. A slightly worn and evidently loose speci- men labelled " East of White CliflF, Gamache Bay, Anticosti, J. Richard- son, 1856," is probably from the Hudson River formation of this island. 18, p. 89; and . 90. S., figs. 2, 2a. bained from represented well as by ke Huron, er of over circular in tion. The he growth later stage Columnaria disjuncta, Whiteaves. Colwnnaria (Cyathophylloidea) diajwicta, Whiteaves. 1892. Contr to Can Palreon vol. I, pt. IV., p. 269, pi. XXXIV., figs. 3, 3a, 3b. "Corallum composite, consisting apparently of a colony of cylindrical, straight or flexuous, ascending or erect corallites, which are separate but sometimes partially in contact, or more or less closely aggregated; diameter of the corallites averaging about five millimetres, their mural in- vestment single and external. Surface markings of the corallites un- known, though in transverse sections there are indications of longitudinal ribs, corresponding to the septa within. Calyces deep, with erect sides : primary septa thirteen, simple, neither crenulated nor denticulated, very thin, laminar and extending tc the centre at and below the bottom of the cup : secondary septa similar in number and structure to the primaries, but reaching only half way to the centre. The only internal structures' 104 C0»Tn,D„T10», TO CA»AD,A» PAL*„toL00V of disMpiment, Tk. j- , * *" """"' »' '«'>"l«i Md partly bo intorroptel by the Mptetr^hr"^ f "' "»"»"')' »PI»«« to pUn, .„d thus lt.te ,^». „f ?k ^ 7 ■'»<»°-«'«l .nd not o. the »me «« never eurJoS!^* wrtlf.!, -"^eptaent, though they Of this species Dr. Whitesves savs ■ " It .-. „i i m.y even prove to ho co..„ciflo rth the cl* T« .r*'™""' ""' o Freeh, f„„ the DevooiL rooW t e EiH S cl'^-^f T"" •he present writer (Dr. Whit,.ve», is .,.„ . Oot.Z^r^:,'"^'"-"°^' ,b.«on.e p^^ot^isl .1 :n'ir.ity;r"'"^'°-'^'' ''-^ lection. ^ ^"® °^ *^P specimens in the col- c. ™,o„ .nd c.is r ^s^z \rr:h'iT'''r, "- "°'""^°"- 4. Madreporaria Rugosa. CYATHAXONTDAE. Genus Petbaia, Munster, 1839. P.. '"'ZT'T'''' '^^""^ ^•'"^^^^"g a little towards its sides ; epitheca well develope^.". /x^efk apd Worthen.)^ Type species.— M. discus, Meek and Worthen. Jtange. Devonian. (Hamilton formation.) y. UMU, •1 and Black River }btained at this rved, sometimes Mm. long, aver- J top generally J showing faint 1. Calyx deep, oward the base form of stout, ies, very .small about twenty- sland of Anti- up; at Heath ion III. Anti- i group. This hered surfaces [ara formation 8. , p. 420. 3nt, discoidal, and provided radiating, or e towards its OANAOIAN PALif.OZOIO CORALS. Mj^uocyclus discus, Meek and Worthen. 107 (feol. Hurv., IllinoiN, vol II[„ p. 420, JUieroej/clui tliteur, Meflc u-id Wortlnm. 18(W. pl. XL, figH. 7, a, h. Niiliolmiii. 187*. I'liIiBon. of Ont., p, 30. fign. Qa, M. Corallum simple, small, discoidal with a thin periphery, varying in diameter from 4 to ovei 15 mn.., and g.-nerally not more than 9 mm. in nmxmium thickness, somewhat convex above, flat or convex below adherent by part of the lower surface to foreign objects such as very small shells, fragments of orinoidal columns, etc. Epitheca complete, covering the basal surface, concentrically marked by irregular accretion ndges and by very fine close-set lines of growth with sometimes slight indications of radial septal furrows. Septa numbering from about thirty- six to forty-eight, thick, in the form of convergent, somewhat angular ridges on the upper surface, of two sizes, alternating, the primaries pass- ing a little more than half way toward the centre, the s.^condarles only about one-third the length of the primaries. Middle of upper surface smooth, generally slightly concave. Fossette, comparatively deep con- spicuous, narrow, extending from near the centre toward the margin where it is occupied by one septum. A constriction of the calicular sur- face seems to be not uncommon and results in a slight thickening of the corallum. Not infrequently a coalescence of two or three primary septa or of the secondary septa with the primaries takes place, giving the septa the appearance of bifurcating or trifurcating. In a vertical section through the corallum no tabulte nor dissepiments are apparent. Meek and Worthen in their description of the species mention a breadth attained by one of their specimens of 0-77 inch with a hei«ht of 0-15 inch. ° Localities.-Not uncommon in the Hamilton formation of Ontario • collected by the Re/erend H. Currie in 1882 at Widder, Ont. and by Dr' Whiteaves on the Sable River, Ont. in 1891. ZAPHRENTID^. Genus Streptelasma, Hall, 1847. Streptoplasma, Hall, 1847. Palaeon. New York, vol I., p. 17. figures to Streptelasma. ) (Changed in explanation of Corallum simple, conical. Epitheca complete. Calyx generally of moderate depth. Septa numerous, well developed, their outer ends com- binmg to form a thickening of the thin wall proper ; of two sizes alternat- ing, tha larger twisted at the centre, the secondaries usually embedded m the thickened wall or projecting only slightly from it. No true tabula 106 CONTRII.UTION8 TO CANADIAN PAL«0NT0r,0OY. W^. *5r^ ^ c>'«»epin),.„t8 of unequal 8i.o, curving convoxly up. 2'^ *»«» -urd toward ,he . .ntre when, they form in combination with tfc^m, ^wl-<«d end« »f th. primary «epta an axial, more or lea. oellu- foN, eoJuuu 'a that projects ^ a ..oh. f-om the lK,ttom ... th. cup. Septal foaaette usua,,,y present. The arra.«eu.,..t of the septa tetrameral. T^e tpecieg.—S. exfjoTita, Hall. ffrtw^a.—CambroS'nrian, Silurian, Devonian. Strkptklahma rft^viouLUM, Hall. Plate VJ., figs. 7, 7a, 76. Strepuk.>„,a(S,rejUop,a>.,o)„^,culu,n,m\l 1H47. l'aI«,o„. N.w York, vol I ,. «U ^r^mm Otta,varn„-., nillin^H, iH.ir,. Can„,lian Naturalint. n-w sericH vol II ,, 4211 I>l. M, i.|.|H..r row, HjHHjiinen. from the Trenton formation Corallum simple, elongato-conical, curved, gradually increasing in si^e rom '^ Pomted base until a maximum breadth of about 3 cent, if reached Outer rf Tr ^'^ ' "'^*- •'^«^''«« «'^« -mewhat smaller. Outer surface marked transversely by accretion ridges of rather variable ize and disposition. Epitheca complete with distinct longitudinal septal furrow. Calyx moderately deep, with steep sides and a'convex X, han one-third of the height of the corallum. Septa well developed, of two orders primaries and secondaries, akernating, numbering in al in mature mdivicIuHls from about ninety to one hundred and twenty the primaries reaching the centre with thdr inner ends twisted, thesecondar- les extending but a short distance inward from the wall. The free edges of the septa in the calyx are denticulated, l^issepiments at times havL the appearance, in longitudinal sections of the corallum, of true tabula irregular, subordinate to the septa between which they curvo upward convexly toward the centre of the visceral chamber, where they lose their individuality and form with the twisted inner ends of the primary septa an axial area ot cellulose structure. J f Kapids Ottawa River, by James Richardson at the same place, and by R. D. Ells and L. M. Lambe, from the vicinity of Douglas, E- n.ille»nd Cobden, in 1896 ; Birdseye and Black P^ver formation. Collerte.I b-- E Billings, also by H. M. Ami in 1883, from the Trenton for. . .- -' '- " ]Tn\ ?'m-^u 'f 'P'"''' " mentioned (Rep. Palieont. Prov. Ontario, XS/0) by Nicholson, as occurring in the Trenton limestone at Peter lY. 'ing convexljr up- combination with >re or leu cellu- thc cup. SopUl tetrameral. UHM J York, vol. I. p. m, I'H, vol. II, [), 42«. Umh, |., 141 (pard), Tniitoii furniation creiising in Hiie cent, is reached mowhat smaller, rather variable igitudinal septal I convex flror; to rather less ill developed, of ering in all in id twenty, the d, the aecondar- Tho free edges at times having f true tabulae, 'f curve upward I they lose their primary septa 5, at Paquette's place, and by , E ■ •. •'■!i..: n^ ^olleptet! \tv i;. Prov. Ontario, tone at Peter- h Canadian i'al-«o2oic coiuLa, Sthkptelasma iioriusT m, Whiteavea. 109 Plate VII,, fig. 1. StrfpttUitmucorniculuni f'i Hull r .„ i . «mr.;H,i. UrK,.mulr„bu.tvanH, Wl.it,..vv..H. 18«1. R,,,, ^, ., . ' ' '■"^f*""' '"' '''■ '^- <*«"'• Hm > , „f Canada, v 67c. ' thZr'"""' ''''"^''' ''""*"''' '=°"^''"'' "■""•^"y "-"^her strongly curved though so.„o specmons are not so much ourv.d as others, vofy'lurr^; he genus attam.ng to a length of seven inches as mea un.l ^ the curve oi the convex side, to a height of nearly fivo inches Tnd to a -cadth .. .idth of nearly two inches and a ..uar'or at t le um« t In jomo adult or nearly adult npocimons the sides' are so n.uch Inlss^ (perhaps abnormally so) that the convexly arched region is "use W angulat<.d m the centre, longitudinally; i„ some young specn.en h« region . d.st.nctly flattened, hut others are circular in 'out' nil ' verse section, or us seen from above. .Septaralternately long and hor varyjng :n number in .u-ge specimens iron, on'e hundred and tix y to o^^ umJred and seventy in all, the longer ones extending to the entre" the bottom of the calyx. Hurface marked with transvLe wrinkTeran. numerous hne strne of growth in well-preserved specimens, but on o much worn, apparently prior to fossilization. as to be almosi smooth " Longitudinal sections through the centre of large specin.ens show that the calvx 18 not very deep, and that its cavity occupies butT sll„n srnrv'r'r 't^^- ^^'^^ ^^^ -^^^ ^::^i r ' :;:;; strongly developed and apparently thickened septa, with well-marked d.sep:ments>etween them, and these septa, wit'h their dis prment' unite m the centre m such a way as to form a large irregularly reticulated pBeudo.olumella, which projects slightly above'the cLtre'of th b se sulit ''' ^' '^ '"^ °' ""«"^^^ ""'^'^ '^"^ -*^ - — wly rounded thl'Sd ir " '°'"';1 ^' T"^""^ "^""^'''^'' ''^'^'^ '^"''•"^ t« '^ ''^rge size in the Red River valley, at Lower Fort Garry and East Selkirk, Manitoba where it was colleeted by Dr. R. Bell, in 1880, by T. C. We ton a^d A McCharlos in 1884. by L. M. Lambe in 1890. and by D. B. Cwl^^ t verl^Ln Tf""" '"'*' °^ ^"'^' ^'°"^P^« " ^«" comparatively small and couL T . n TT'^T' "'•"'^ "^y ^« '■«f«™»'l« *« this species, were collected at Deer Is and by T. C. Weston in 1884, at Little Black srnd by J. B. Tyrrell ,n 1889, at Jack Head and Snake islands by D. B Dow I I; 110 CONTRinUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL^ONTOLOOY. i ling and L. M. Lambe in 1890, at Dog Head, Dancing Point, Little Tamarack and Selkirk islands, and on the main shore opposite the north end of Selkirk Island and north of the Saskatchewan by D. B. Dowling in 1891. Most of the specimens from these localities appear to widen out much more rapidly, at u short distance from the pointed bas«, than any of the eastern examples of iS. cornicnlum do, but a single specimen from Little Black Island approaches very near to that species. " A small specimen, which is probably also refemble to S. robustiim, was collected at the junction of the Little and Great Churchill rivers by Dr. II. Bell in 1889. " When fully grown this sp(>cies can be readily distinguished from .S*. cornicnlum by its very much larger size and more robust habit of growth." (Whiteaves.) Formation. — Galena-Trenton. Streptelasma kusticum, Billings. (Sp.) Plate VIL, figs. 2, 2a and 3. Streptdnsnm comkuluvi, Mihie-EdwarijB and Haiiiic. 1851. I'olyp. Fobs, ties Turr. Pivlicoz., p. ;!!»8, I.I. 7, figs. 4, 4n, ib. Pctraia rustica, BilliiigH. 1H58. Ki>p. of ProgresH for 1857, (luol. Survoy of Canada, p. 1(!8. ZaphrcntU Canndfnsis, Billinps. 1802. P.alii>o/,. Fosh. vol. I., ]\ 105, figs. !>3n— r. Petraia Canadcmh, 15illings. ]8(i3. (ieology of Canada, f,. 208, fig. 205. Strcptclaiviacorniculum, Nicholson. 1875. I'aliuon, of Ont., p. 2ii ; and Geo], Surv. of Oliio, vol. II., p. 218. " " Roniingcr. 1870. t!col. Sur. Midi., Fohk. Corals, p. 141 (pars), pi. LI., upiwr row, siiecinienH fiom the Hudson Rivor formation only. Original description. — "Straight or slightly curved, covered with a strong epitheca, which is more or less annulated with broad shallow undulations ; radiating septa about one hundred or usually a little more ; much confused in the centre, where they form a vesicular mass ; every alternate septum much smaller than the others, only half the whole num- ber reaching the centre. Length from two inches and a half to three inches and a half. Diameter of cup one inch to one inch and a half ; depth of cup half an inch or somewhat more. This species appears to be the same as that described by Edwards and Haime under the name of Streptelasma corniculmn. The true S. comiculum of Mr. Hall is a very different species, being always shorter nd much curved. iQY. cing Point, Little ipposite the north i)y D. R. Dowling appear to widen lointed has", than 1 single specimen lecies. to S, robustum, hurchill rivers by iguwhed from aS". habit of growth." yp. FosB. (U>8 Torr. Survey of Ciwiada, , figs. !)3o— r. 205. ; and Geol. Surv. of Corals, p. 141 (pars), aon Rivor formation covered with a 1 broad shallow ly a little more ; lar mass ; every the whole num- 1 a half to three nch and a half ; led by Edwards TO. The true S. always shorter UMIE. 1 CANADIAN PAL.EOZOIC CORAM. Ill St "i^hn" ?'"" ""n ^:f :'y-H"d«on River group ; Snake Island. Lake St. John. Quo.; collected by J. Richardson in IS.'}?." (HilHng.s.) The types of Zaphrentis Canadensis are from the Hudson River forma- u>n of Drummond Island, Lake Huron, and were collected by A. Murray Jn ^" /°!""^«'-«^ specimens, in the mu.seum of the Survey and ab<,lled Petra^a msti.a, were collected at Cape Smyth, Lake Hnro (Hudson R,vor formation) by R. Boll in 1859. Since the'L a few spe h n were obtained by Commander J. G. Boulton, R.N., at Cape S.nyth in 1884 A comparison of the types of P. ruMica from Lake St. John with the types of ^(7a.arfen.« from Drummond Island and the specim n .1 Cape Smyth, orces the writer to the opinion that all are the sam" specifically, and are properly referable to the genu.s Streptelas,na avSbifmSatr'^"^'^"' ''' ''''''' '^ »^-" ^^ from all the Corallum simple, elongate conical, sometimes straight but tnore often moderately curved near the bottom, expanding slowly from a po.^ d base and usually becoming somewhat cylindrical abovo the nndhoiTt to 90 mm., w.th a dnuneter at the top averaging a little over 30 mm Oute surface rather smooth, transversely ribbed with obscure growth accretions interspersed with finer growth markin-'s Fn,>l, , wiUi longitudinal septal furrows^nly fai^l^^S^cattT^S^yrl::' ately deep, with steep sides and a convex floor- its denth 7.1 v, varying in different specimens from about 18 to^5 „ „ sCat from about one hundred to one hundred and «;: theTirZ^lZ secondaries alternating, the former passing to the centre wher tZ are often considerably twisted, the latter ver; feebly devolo^el the p La les are very short near the calicular rim, gradually len-^thcmi;. unti 7 project about 4 mm. from the wall a shor! distant E"h oto^'S the cup in the floor of which they reach the centre. Free el. of the septa in the cup denticulated. Dissepiments arched inwlrd to thi cL occupying the interseptal loeuli. forming with the ': ted Le-nd sS Z::"?h7l "°'"f ^^"^^'^' -^^^"^^'"^^ characteristic of S " tea.ma. The dissepiments show a considerable variation in the amouTt of their development and regularity, they generally rise upw.d Zrd the centre forming at the bottom of the calvx a rnn„l, ^ , t.m, th,y m., h.ve a Z.phr,„.i„„ .pp..„„„e that potar „ the !»r ™tao„h.p existing betwee,. .he gene™ ^.^..^.^CkXll A. regard, the illustration, o! Z. Cm,ulm^ „„ p. ,„5 „, ^„,„_ j / ^. w 112 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. specimens examined, and in figure 6, a longitudinal section of the type specimen, continuous tabulie are represented as stretching across the visceral chamber with no indications of septa ; the specimen itself shows dissepiments that arch upward and inward on either side, but that are unusually flat at the centre, and primary septa that cut into the dissepiments and disturb their regularity at the centre. Stkeptelasma angulatum, Billings. (Sp.) Petraia angulata, Billings. 18(52. t, Billings. 1800. PaliEoz. Fobs., vol. I., p. 103, figs. 90 a and 6. Cat. Sil. Fobs, of Anticosti, p. 7, Original description.— '' Oi this species we have only three small speci- mens. They are irregulai .y conical, moderately curved, expanding from an acute point to a width of seven lines at a height of about eight lines, acutely angulated on the side opposite the concave curve. Surface with a few obscure annulations of growth, and besides engirdled with numer- ous smaller obscure lines, from four to six in one line. The cup appears to be about four lines deep in a specimen eight lines in length. There appear to be three or four septal striae on the outside in the width of one line. The specimens being imbedded in stone, the number of the septa cannot be ascertained. "The distinctive character of this species consists in its acutely angular shape." Localities.— ls\a.nd of Anticosti, Que. at Charleton Point and at the west end of the island, collected by J. Richardson, 1856 ; Hudson River formation. Transverse and longitudinal sections of the type specimens of S. angulatum show that the cup is equal in depth to one-half the height of the corallum, the septa number about seventy-five and are alternately long and short, the former reach the entire whilst the latter are quite diminutive. Further details of structure are not clearly shown; the specimens are small and probably immature. The angularity of the convex curve of the corallum is a noticeable feature of some of the specimens of S. robustum, Whiteaves, from the Galena-Trenton formation of the Red River valley, Manitoba, and it is not in the western species considered to be a character sufficiently reliable for specific differentiation. Possibly the species S. angulatum is founded on young, angulated specimens of S. selectum, Billings. LOGY. section of the type 'etching across the )ecimen itself shows w side, but that are that cut into the (Sp.) figs. 90 a and 6. 7. y three small speci- 3d, expanding from f about eight lines, ive. Surface with irdled with numer- The cup appears in length. There in the width of one umber of the septa its acutely angular Point and at the )6 ; Hudson River ! specimens of S. lalf the height of nd are alternately he latter are quite early shown; the am is a noticeable hiteaves, from the ', Manitoba, and racter suificiently young, angulated **"" J CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. ^^ Stkbi'telasma selectum, Billings. (Sp.) Plato! VI., figs. 8, 8a. P.jm,a ,W..|«Billin^H. 1805. Canadian Naturalist.new series, .ol. 11 „ m Petraia pulchclla, IhhiugH. mar,. Ibid p 42!) .'"'•"., p. ijj). Petraut >dccUt, BillingH. 18G0. Cat. Sil.' Fosh. of Anticosti np 7 and ^^ Petraia pu/chclla, Hillingn. lH(iO. Ibid., p. 3.3. ' ^^' ^ "'' ^• Corallum simple conical, acutely pointed at the base and generally con^derably curved below, reaching a length of about 37 mm., measured on the convex curve and a diameter above of 25 mm. Outer surface frequently showing nngs of growth and when not worn longitudinally marked by fine, distinct septal furrows. Calyx steep-sided, having a mo'l or less prominent, conical projection rising centrally from its base! with a dep h equal to about one-half the height of the corallum, but sometimes shallower. Septa ,n the largest specimen numbering about eighty in smaller .specimens between fifty and sixty; primaries reaching the centre where they are slightly twisted and form with the di..sepiments the vesicular mass that projects from the bottom of the cup, secondaries short and inconspicuous As in the majority of the species of this genus, the primaries frequently unite in sets of twos and threes near the cent e of the visceral chamber In the cup the primaries decrease in size and near the top are scarcely distinguishable from the secondaries ; both orders of sep a are apparently denticulated on their thin, free edges and carinated on heir sides. Dissepiments curving upward and inward to^vard the centre between the septa and forming wiHi fbo ,r,r,o„ „ i r ^u septa the confused celfulose strru'e^hlrLtir of'S gtt. ^""^^^ LocaliHes.-West End Lighthouse, Anticosti, Que., Hudson River for- mation ; also at 1 mile east of Junction Cliff and at White Cliff, Gamache J'TTZr^ZZ^' '' ''' ^-''' «-"P ■' '■ ^^^^-^-. ^«-^«> Stbeptelasma caliculus. Hall. Plate VII., figs. 4, 4a, 46, 4c. StrcptCasrm calicula. Hall. 1852. Pateon. New York, v.,1. II., p. 3, pi. 32, figs. 1 a-k A number of well preserved specimens from Grimsby and Thorold," Unt. and Lake Tenuscaming are here referred to Hall's species, but with a certain amount of uncertainty on account of the paucity of structural details given in the original description of S. caliculus. These specimens may be described as foIlows.-Corallum simple, small comcal,^slightly curved below and sharply pointed, attaining a length of !•( ^fwaytWMynVf Wnwr-- ""iVy'ii^ ;*iiA7ma>i I il lU CONTKIUUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL/KONTOLOGY. nearly 4 cont. with a diameter above of about 2-2 cent, and an average length rather over 2 cent. Outer surface con.'-.picuousiy marked by longi- tudinal septal furrows that indicate the pinnate mode of addition of new septa and tlie positions of tiie cardinal and alar septa, tn.nsverso growth markings faint. Calyx with thin erect sides, its depth often nearly equal to about one-half the heiglit of the corallum. Septa about fifty in number in moderately large specimens, of two sizes, alternating, the primaries passing to or nearly to the centre, the secondaries small and projecting only slightly inward beyond the mural investment. The inner ends of the primary septa often coalesce in sets of twos or threes near the centre of the viscoial chamber. In longitudinal sections, thin, delicate dissepi- ments, partaking .somewliat of tlio nature of tabula>, are seen to arch upward and inward in the interseptal loculi to the centre, t'urming with the inner ends of the priiiuiry septa an axial cellulose structure that has a convex surface at the bottom of the cup. In the calyx the primary septa standing out prominently from the wall are seen to be carinated on their sides and to have denticulated free edges, the secondaries being reduced almost to uniserial rows of denticles ; in longitudinal sections of the corallum the inner edges of the primaries have the appearance of being strongly serrated. Localities.— Gr'xmshy, Ont., T. C. Weston, 1887 ; Thorold, Ont., Rev. J. M. Goodwillie; Isle of Mann (Burnt Island), Lake Temiscaming, Que., A. E. Barlow, 1893. Niagara formation. Stueptelasma latusculum, Billings. (Sp.) Plate VI., figs. 9, 9a. Petraialatuscuh, Billings, 18G2. rnliuoz., Foms., vol. I., \\ 104, fi^s. !l2a nnd b. 11 " killings, 18GG. Cat. Sil. Pons, of Anticosti, p. 33. Strcptelmma cornieulum, Whiteiivvs. 18S0. Rei). of Progre8.s forl878--79, Geol. Survey of Canadn, p. 40u. Streptelasnui rusticum, Whiteaves, 189.5. Palieoz. Fos.s., vol. III., pt. II., p. 113. Corallum simple, conical, short, at first gaining in breadth rapidly, then becoming more cylindrical above, slightly curved, pointed below, annu- lated by growth accretions and longitudinally striated by moderately dis- tinct septal furrows ; length of largest type specimen (fig. 92, original description), measured along an imaginary axial line, 27 mm., maximum breadth 22 mm., immature corallites generally broader than high. Calyx with steep sides, its depth equal to about two-fifths of the height of the corallum, in immature individuals rather deeper proportionately, its floor convexly elevated and showing the primary septa as thin keels passing to the centre. In the calyx the primary septa ascend as sharp-edged ridges. uver J CANADIAN PAL,EOZOIC fJOBALS. dividuals from about sixfcv t.. .■ , " '^^"''- '^^I'^a in average sized in- the floor of the cup pL , ' o ,. " f " ':"'•''"''' ''^ P"""^'''- ^--^^^ t^-isted and fre.^^:;;^! r::: i^"*:"^^ r^^^-^ ^"^"^-^ centre, the secondaries very .s.nall D C """ "^""" '""^'^^'^"^ '^e directed convex!, upward al, T:! arc, rrr^ rT-'^t ^^'•^«' septal spaces and fornnng with the .Z7\ , ."*'"" "^ *^*^ '"*«••- WW upper surface consti;.te:';h:l:ri::lt euT""' "^"^"^^ costi group ; collected by Ja.es RiohardLu t 1856 " '' ''' ^""- S™kp.k.asma .AT.SCU.UM. var. xuaonA-ruM. VVhiteaves StrcpMa<>nuc rusticu,a, var .nyoi„<„,„, Whiteaves 1895 P., ,, -'orir.er.pecie»(,eep. 114) i„ „„;! ' ° ''"" '""» "'e™d to the h» bee- cl.„ed unLrlh^'lrZr "''"'' ''' '"""«' ^^'^ i^orma broadly convex cup- iombine at the centre iss or become twisted 1 prominence or as is ;h am^ comparatively twos and threes near resent in the bottom with the longer axis it of the curvature of ige into low, rounded liferous limestone of Farm, Port Colborne, ga in the same year : le Corniferous of the on in the Hamilton age at Long Portage, as well as some loose Moose River. is from Split Rock,, 1 (Billings). UUIU, ] CANADIAN PALiKOZOIC C0UAL8. 117 Thi. writer is inclined to believe that the species Ihterophrentia npatiosa* Billings, is founded on short and unusually widely expanding specimens of S. prolificum. The two typo specimens are from Kama's Farm, Port Colborne, Ont. Mr. Billings was doubtful as *,o the validity of the species and concluded the original description with the remark that it is "closely related to Z. prolifiea, and may perhaps be united with it when its characters become more fully known." Streptelasma rectum, Hali. Plata VII., lig. 5. StromMes? rectus, Hall. 1843. Geol. of N.,«- York, p 210 fig r, Oi/athoph!/llnm rccluvi, Uihw.Kfhy^vch iiw\ Hainie. 1H51. ' P.Vyn, F„„s ,Rafim.Hque and Clifford. 1H20. Ann. ,I,.h Sci. I'hyH. d,. HruxblleH, vol. 5, Caninia, MioliHin. 1841. Atti d.'lla riuim.n.. hrcnti» affinis, BillingH. 1865. Canadian Naturalist, ninv sericH, vol. if., ,, 4,% Zaphrcntia lirllulrintu, Billings. 180.J. Il>id., \i. 430. ZaphrcntU affinin, Billings. 18G(). Cat. Sil. Fo.>s. of Anticosti, i.p, 7 and 34. Ziiphrcntishcllintriata, IMWiugH. 1866. Ibid., j)]!. 8 and 34. Corallum simple, conico-cylindrical, large, attaining a length of about 19 cent, with a diameter at the upper end of slightly over 6 cent., some- what curved near the base, moderately strui^ht above, generally broadest at the calyx, sometimes of maximum breadth at midlength and slightly diminishing in .size from there up, • annulated irre<.'ularly by accretion ridgey varying in prominence and distinctness. Epitheca complete, with fine transverse, crowded growth lines and marked longitudinally by dis- tinct lo>v rounded ridges corresponding with the interseptal spaces within. Tabuhe complete, flat or slightly concave near the centre, turned down at the edges, from 1 to 2 mm. apart or even closer, frequently inosculating. Septa of two orders, primaries and secondaries, alternately long and short" the primaries extending to or almost to the centre of the visceral chamber for the inner part of their length at least as oarinations on the tabula? secondaries about one-quarter the length of the primaries ; in a specimen 45 mm. in diameter they number about one hundred. Calyx nearly as deep as broad with vertical sides and a broad somewhat convex floor or bottom radially striated by the septa. ■•] CANADIAV PAL.KOZOIC CORALS. 119 Localitie».~Xt Wreck Point an.SH. of Anticosti, ,,. :«!. Corallum simple, with a shallow widely expanding calyx whose mar- gins slope gently upward or become horizontal near the periphery and are marked by converging septa that do not meet, but leave a broad smooth surface at the centre. Septa of two sizes, primaries and secondaries al- ternating, and nun.bering in all about seventy-two, of which the former as seen in a natural transverse .section about 10 mm. beneath the bottoni of the cup, pass a little more than half way to the centre as carinations on the abuhe, whilst the secondaries are little more than thin ridges on the ins.de of the wall. On the n.argins of the calyx the primaries appear as sharp-edged raised plications, with the secondaries between them as unmerial rows of denticles. Tabuhe, a.s seen in a radial vertical section complete regular, 1 or less than 1 mm. apart, extending from one side of the cora lum to the other, concave, flat at the centre, suddenly bent down at the edge ; the flat, central, smooth part not encroached on by the septa IS about one-third of their breadth. Fossette deep, narrow, placed at one side of the calyx and occupied by a primary septum. The measurements of the type specimen as already given in the original description are as follows:-" The specimen is broken off at nine lines below the margin of the cup. Diameter of the lower extremity, twenty- one lines, and of the cup at the margin, thirty-three lines. It thus expands, in this part, one inch in a length of nine lines. It may have been more cylindrical below. In the cup there are thirty-six large septa 190 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL-BONTOLOaY. nearly three lines apart at the margin. Between thene are thirty -8ix smaller ones, which are scarcely half a line in height, and have their edges ser- rated with small denticulations about three in one line. There is a deep septal foHsette on one side. .Surface and lower parts unknown." (Billings.) ZocaifiVy.— Cormorant Point, Antieoati, division III of the Anticosti group (Silurian), collected by J. Richardson, 1856. Zaphrentis Stokesi, Milne-Edwards and Ilaime. Plate TX., figs. 1, 1« and 2. ^aphreiUis Stokeai, M\hw-K(.\wiinlii ami Haiiuc. 1 !.-)l. Pulyp. Fohh. dcH Terr Pulieoz I.. :m, pi. :t, Hg. <». "' f Caninia bilaleralU, UaM 18.52. Palmon. New York, v.)l. IL, p. 41, pi 17 tig 3 and p. HH, pi. :52, fig. :«. ■ • ? Polydilaama lurhinatum, Hull. 18.52. Iljid, p. 112, pi. ;}2, fig. 2. Zaphrcntix Stokesi, HillingH. 18()0. Cut. Sil. Komh. of Anticonti, p. 'M. " « Nii^holHon. 187.'"). I'alii'on. of Out., pp. 4.S and aS. Zaphrentis Stokcsii, Koiiiinger. 187(i. Ceol. Sur. Mich., Fohh. Corals, p. HI, pi, LI., three figursH in lowiu' row. Original deiirriptio^i.—'' Volypier allonge, sans bourrelets d'accfoi.ise- ment, courbe, l«5gereinent comprimc^ dans le sens oppose a la courbure. Calice subelliptique, inediocrement profond. Fossette septale situde du c6te de la grande courbure. Soixante-quatre cloisons principales, subi^gales, aasez minces, tres-lt^gerenient epaissies a la muraille ou Ton dis- tingue quelquefois les deux feuillets qui les forment, alternant avec un «5gal nombre de cloisons rudimentaires et ae continuant suivant une direc- tion un peu fiexueuse ju.squ'au centre du plancher suptrieur, lequel est un peu relev«5. Hauteur du polypier, 8 centimetres ; l^r^veur du calice 4, sa profondeur pres de 2. "Silurien. Drummond Island (Lac Huron)." Rominger gives a fuller description from specimens from the Niagara of Point Detour, Drummond Island and mentions the occurrence of the species at Masonville, Iowa in the same formation. Three simple corals from the upper beds of the Anticosti group in Anticosti were referred to this species by Mr. Billings as early as 1866. In 1893 Mr. A. E. Barlow of the Geological Survey obtained, from the exposure of Niagara rocks at the north end of Lake Temiscaming, a good series cf a simple coral that is thought to belong to this species. The Lake TemiKcamlng specimens may be characterized as follows. Corallum simple, elongate, conical, slightly curved, sometimes annulated by low growth ridges, ranging in length as measured on the convex curve in mature individuals from about 60 to 100 mm. with a diameter at the ! ;ii; OLOGY. arc thirty -Hix smaller have their edges ser- ine. There is a deep nkiiown." (Billings.) II of the Anticosti d Huinie. FoHH. (IcM Terr. Palitoz., , p. 41, |il. 17, Hg. M, iintl 2. , p. -M. mil .^S. i. Corals, |). l-ll. 111, LI., JurreletH d'accivji:we- ippose a la courbure. ;te soptale situ^e du ;loisons principal es, muraille ou Ton dia- it, alternant avec un it suivant une direc- )fcrieur, lequel est un "geur du calice 4, sa IS from the Niagara le occurrence of the Anticosti group in s as early as 1866. r obtained, from the remiscaming, a good (lis species. .erized as follows. — ometimes aanulated on the convex curve h a diameter at the ] CANADIAN PAL.KOZOIC O0KAL8. 121 cup rim of from 26 to BO mm. Epitheoa complet.', with longitudinal septal furrows modor.it..ly distinct. Septa numbering from about sixty- four to ono hundred and thirty-six, alternately long and short, the prima- ries reaching the centre and generally curved, the seeondaries 2 or .'5 mm. in length sometimes apparently almost obsolete. Calyx averaging about 15 mm. in depth, with steep sides and a very slightly convex lloor above which the primary s.-pta converge as sharp keels to the centre ; the free edges of the septa on th(> sides of the calyx are denticulated. Tabul.e numerous, dose-set, stretching across the viscH-ral (!hami)er, turned down at the edge and tiat at the centre. A septal fossette is present on the convex curve. laterally the septa are continuous vertically but toward and at the centre they often become mere carinations on the upper sur- faces of the tabuiie. This species in some respects resembles Streptelasma rnsHcnm of the Hudson River formation and more particularly the ex trei^e forms of that species that have been described under the name of Zaphrentix Canaden- sis. Its Streptelasrnoid affinities are indicated by a thickening of the outer ends of the septa and by the strong development of the primary septa which, however, often have their vertical continuity broken near the centre by the tabuhe. On the other hand there seems to be, with few exceptions, an absence of the axial cellulose structure characteristic of Streptelasma, true tabula- extending across the entire visceral chamber. On the whole Z. Stokesi may be regarded as a species intermediate be- tween the two geaera Streptelasmn and Zaphrentis, combining as it does structural peculiarities suggestive of both genera. Dr. Rominger has expressed the opinion that a strict distinction of the above genera is not possible and has placed Streptelaanm with Zaphrentia as a sub-generic form. Localities.-Cormovntit Point, Anticosti, Que., division III. of the Anticosti group, J. Richardson, 1856, South-west Point and the "Jum- pers", Anticosti, division IV., J. Richardson 1856 and one mile south of Junction ChflF, Anticosti, division I., T. C. Weston, 1865. Cabot's Head Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, R. Bell, 1859, north end of Lake Temis- cammg. Que., R. Bell, 1887, ahso Isle of Mann (Burnt Island), L*ike Temiscaming, A. E. Barlow, 1893; Niagara formation. Zaphrentis Shumardi, Milne-Edwards and Haime. (Hp.) Plate VIIL, figs. 3, 3a and 4. CyathophyUum Shimardi, Ue Verneuil, MSS. Milne-Edward« and Haime. 18.-.1, Polyp. Foss. de. Terr Palieoz., p. 370, pi. 7, fig. 3. 129 CONTIlIHlfTIONH TO CANADIAN PAL^.ONTor.OOV. I I Jbj»AwilM, nil, iindi'ttrmim.l, MillinKH. IHdM. (i.ol.iKy of f'Himtlii. p. ;i!l|. Ziphmilinoinrlfmi, MU„t(». m\i\. Cut. Sil. F.,hh. ..f AtiticoHti, p. !(•.•. ^aphriiitUni,i,itii''i,lhniuHH. lM7t, I'lilii'oz. Fchm., vol. II,, pt. I., p. H, pi 1, Hgn. ;t :fci Ampkxu» SI,Hm,, IiM;, pi. *^iirvf'y by two speoi- Niiigura fi)iiimtionH, er from near Owen tructuro of tlifi coml- e writer, as to thoir ocies describrd from y, Tf^nnesspe. Honi- ■uimriond Isliuid and wa. 3wa : — Corallum sim- re^ulur intervalH by sions, from -S to over vth and the position measured alonj,' the tlie summits of the ine lines of growth at rigiit angles, so as ivith very steep, thin of sixty, alternately he centre, the latter ftseond the sides as iroiiiinent and more g from wall to wall, miles north of Mc- ip of Derby, lot 13, e Clinton and Nia"- iueiph formation at cholson (Pala'on. of ongs to this species. a, Billings, with the ckburn Island and II that carries with it The specimens of Sir W. E. ].ogan in s in discussing the CANADIAN (■ A l..»;OZOIC roHALB. 133 relative geological p.«iti,.n. ..f the eight division, of the limestonoH (op. ct. p. 2) says. "The two lower .livision ,. and 2) are most probably 8,lurmn ; almut the age of the Ilel-lerlM-rg of the New York geologists. ' n IH.,8 nearly fifty ,.,,.,.rimens were obtained by J. Richardson at Cap Bon Ann near Dalhou ,.e, S.U., in rocks of the same age ; these show the ee ded cancellation -r the surface and the perimlic annular swellings, aa well as ,n many ins. .,.c«s the basal extremity which is quite pointed and s(mietimes hns a - ir of attachment preserved. Zapiiukntis incondita, Billings. Z.l.knnN. n,..,,li,„. "j;;;';^;;-^_ W.._^^_P.I,..„. F,.H. vol. II, |,t. r. ,, 7. ,,,. r. H^h. 1. "Corallum simple, turbinate and strongly curved at the base, becoming cyhndncal above ; nine or n.ore inches in l.-ngth and over two inches in diameter. From the acute base upwards it expands to a (hiekness of about fifteen lines in a length of two inchus, and to twenty four lines in four inches ; above which the body of the coral becomes more nearly cylindrical, or .,nly very gradually increasing in diameter. Surfac-^ with numerous engir.lling ridges of various sizo, the larger are from l^alf a line to five lines in width, and are often angular on their crests. Upon the.se larger ridges and in the grooves between them are numerous smaller ridges, or transvoise stria-, generally two or three in a width of one line The longitudinal, or .septal stri.e, are in general only obscurely seen being obhleratofl by the transverse grooves ; there are five or six of them in the width of three lines. "In the interior of the coral, the radiating septa reach the centre m the basal portion. But, above a diameter of one inch, there is a lar-e space in the centre occupied by the transverse diaphragms alone, the septa not extending more than half an inch inward. Tlnre are two sets of them, the smaller projecting inward raivly to the depth of one line. There is one of the smaller between each two of the longer. "The transverse diaphragms are well developed. They are much un- dulated in the central portion and strongiy curved downwards near the exterior. There appear to be ten or twelve of them in the len-th of one inch ; but owing to their undulations, there are sometimes" places in which they are separated to the distance of two or three lines while elsewhere they may be nearly in contact. The septal fossette has not been observed. " Farte^ies.-Occurring along with the above is a somewhat more slender form with, in a general way, the same external characters but with the transverse diaphragms more regular and the septa extending in- •i*<* i'\ II 124 CONTRHiUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL-BONTOLOOY. ward nearly to tho centre. One 8pecinu>n has a diameter of eighteen lines and another sixteen lines. "A third specimen is only twelve lines in diameter, with the same characters as the last two. " The materials are not sufficient to enable us to decide positively whether they all belong to the same species or not. Should there be more than one species, the specific name above given ought to be retained for the larger form first above described." (Billings.) Lorality—Indian Cove, Gaspe, Que., in the Gaspe limestone No. 8 stated by E. Billings to be nearly of the age of the Oriskany sandstone ' collected by R. Bell in 1862. The typical form of this species appears to be more slender than Z. gigantea, of a higher geological horizon, and differs from it principally in having shorter and rather fewer primary septa and more irregularly dis- posed tabula-, as well as in having a more pronounced curve at the base. In the type specimen of Z. incondita there are one hundred and twenty-tive septa, alternately long and short, seen in a transverse section four and a half inches above the basal end, as measured along the convex curve ; in this section four or five of t! septa are observed to extend inward almost to the centre of the corallu Zaphrentis 0iN(iUL0SA, Billinffs. Plate VIII., figs. 5, r>a, bh. Zaphrrntis HI,, undctciniiucci, ISillingn. 18C.3. (i.M.logy of Caniuk, p. 4.-?n Zaphrentu cimjuhm, Lillinga. 1874. Vahw,.. Foss., vol. II., ,,t. 1, p. 10, pi. I., tig. 5. Corallura simple, cylindrical, slender, curved below to a radius of between 7 and 8 cent., straight above, legularly annulated by strong distant ridge-like expansions. The only specimen representing the species is imperfect at both ends and is distorted by lateral compression ; its length along the convex curve is over 17 cent., its breadth below about 3 cent., with little or no increase in size above, and the average distance apart of the ribs is about 17 min. Epitheca cancellated by longitudinal septal furrows and almost as distinct transverse growth lines. The cor- allum consists of a succession of invaginatod, inverted, truncated cones, the result of periodic expansions, representing arrests of growth and former calyces, from within each of which the renewed growth of the corallum in turn began. Septa well developed, forming by the union of their outer ends a strong wall from which the primaries and secondaries extend inward in alternating order a distance of 5 or 6 mm. and 2 or 3 mm. respectively, numbering in all about sixty-four. Tabulie, very much OLOOY. eter of eighteen lines 3ter, with the aame to decide positively ;. Should there b(> ought to be retained pe limestone No. 8, )riskany sandstone ; lore slender than Z. •om it principally in more irregularly dis- 3urve at the base. In Ired and twenty-live » section four and a le convex curve ; in xtend inward almost iiwla, |). 4.'?9. 't. 1, 1). 10, |)1. I., tig. 5. belr>w to a radius mnulated by strong resenting the species 'al compression ; its eadth below about 3 he average distance ited by longitudinal fth lines. The cor- 3d, truncated cones, 3sts of growth and wed growth of the ng by the union of •ies and secondaries !• mm. and 2 or 3 Tabuliv, very much lAMie A CANADIAN PAL/EOZOIC CORALS. 126 fra. 18i)i). Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII., \k 252. '"Polypiercylindro-conique, tros-long, a bourrelets d'accroisaement larges et peu saillants ; fossette septale proportionnellement un peu petite, situt'e tros-pri-s do la muraille; au moins 70 oloisons egales, minces,' arrivant sur la partie superioure des planchers jus^u'a une petite distance du centre, on elles sont legerement flexueuses ; un t'gal nombre do cloisons rudimentairos ; planchers trcsgrands, envahis,sant Ies loges intercloison- naires, ou Ton ne voit pas de traverses vesiculeuses indi'-pendanles, et lisses en dessous dans une grande etendue. La longueur est frtiqueminont de 40 a 50 centimetres ou meme plus, le diamotre du calice de 7 ou 8' (Milne-Edwards and Haime). " The description given by Rominger of this species is a thorough and accurate one, and makes allowance for the variations that exist in this in common with many other species ; it appears in the following words :— ' Conico-cylindrical, horn-shaped polyparin, attaining in some specimens a size of two and a half feet in length, by a diameter of three inches. Some enlarge their diameter rapidly to a certain thickness, and then grow on in a uniformly cyl ndrical shape ; others are in the young state, slender, flexuose, and irrej,ularly constricted stems, and grow gradually to larger diameters. The surface of the polyparia is covered by an epitheca with shallow annular wrinkles of growth, and longitudinally ribbed by septal stria?, which, however, are not in all specimens equally distinct. Calyces spacious, with erect walls, and acute, wedge-like margins ; bottom broad, marginally depressed and flat in the centre. In one place of the circum- ference the diaphragms are more deeply depressed by a septal fovea. Radial lamellm stout, linear, alternitely long and short, but appearing »l« «lilii« r ii n I mUMM iW IUiW H | » » | I «. IP I II ..W U».' 126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL/EONTOLOGY. nearly equal on the margins of the calyces, where the sharp crested leaves of the inside expand into low rounded rugiB. The extension of the radial crests toward the centre is subject to variations ; in some the central part of the diaphragms remains smooth, and the crests are confined to their peripheral circumference ; in others the crests reach as low carime to the centre and become irregularly entangled in their convergence, but these central portions of the crests are merely superficial, and do not intersect the diaphragms to form continuous vertical leaves. The number of 1am- ellie in calyces of about two and a half inches diameter is 150 to 160 half of which are of the smaller size. Found in the upper HeldetW limestones of Michigan, Canada, Ohio, and in the Western States ' " (Lambe, 1899.) Localities and formation.— A.t Rama's farm, Cayuga, and at other local- ities in Ontario; Corniferous limestone. Zahirentis mirabilis, Billings. (Sp.) Plate X., figs. 1, la, 16. AmpUxusmirahUU,m\m<^.. 1874. Canadian Naturalist, new serie.^ vol. VII p 232 ZaphrenUs mrmuMa, BilliiigH. 1874. Iliid,, p '>33 ' ' ' Zaphrcntu Egcria, Billing^, par,s. 1874. Ibid.,' p. 234 (the third specimen .mentioned in the description). Ziiphmitis nuhmtn, Billings. 1874. Ibid., p. 23.'). ZaphrenUs Lcda, Billing.?. MS. Zaphrcntu miraljilis, Lan.be. 18!)9. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII.. p. 2m. "Original description.-' Corallum sometimes abruptly curved in differ- ent directions, expanding to a width of from fifteen to twenty lines in a length of four or five inches from the base ; above which it becomes more nearly cylindrical. Surface with fine engirdling stria^, in general four or five in the width of two lines, but in some places, the same number occur in the width of one line. There are also numerous angular rings of growth, distant from two to fifteen lines from each other, with sub- concave spaces between. Septal costal rounded, distinctly defined by sharp str.a. between them, seven or eight in the width of three lines near the base, and 'four or five in the same near the calice. There are about forty large septa at the calice, where the diameter is about eighteen lines, with the same number of small ones between them The larger have a depth of three or four lines and the smaller one line All of the septa are more or less curved, sometimes very tortuous The tabuhe have not been observed. " 'The above description was drawn up from a specimen, eleven inches in length, measured along all the curves. It is fifteen lines in diameter at hye inches from the base, and about eighteen lines at the cup The rOLOGV. le sharp crested leaves extension of the radial .some the central part are confined to tlieir I as low carinse to the ivergence, but these and do not intersect The number of 1am- ameter is 150 to 160, e upper Helderberg he Western States.' " ;a, and at other local- ip.) series, vol. VIL, p. 232. d specimen mentioned in :il., p. 256. otly curved in difFer- ;o twenty lines in a lich it becomes more rite, in general four 3, the same number lerous angular rings ich other, with sub- stinetly defined by li of three lines near i calice. There are diameter is about letween them. The aaller one line. All ery tortuous. The lAMBE ^•J CANADIAN PAL.EOZOIC CORALS. 127 septal costa, are very distinctly defined at ,o base but become more flat- ened and obscure upwards. In external characters it resembl.s.l. e,.7t, but the much greater development of the septa distinguishes it therefrom.' (Isuhngs.) " This species is regarded by the present writer as belonging to the genus ZaphrenHs^ on account of its well developed septa ; it appears to difler from Z. gi.^an(ea, Lesueur, principally in bning more slender, in having fewer septa and m being typically more strongly annulated. In the type specimen a longitudinal section through the cup shows complete, sli-^htly concave tabuhP stretching across the visceral chamber from wail to^vall and abruptly turned down at their edaes "The types of Z invenus/.a, Z. Egeria and Z. subrecta are believed to be Identical with Z mira/nli., and to the same species are assigned a number of other specimens in the collection that possess the slender form and the comparatively few septa that are characteristic of the species. fol'bws •!! *^'" ^^^^ 'P^"'"^«" ^« '^ basis Z rnirabilis may be described as "Corallun, simple, long, cylindrical, slender, pointed at the base gene- rally curved or variously twisted, ending above in a moderately deep cut with thin vertical side walls and a flat or slightly undulating bottom; reaching a length of a foot or more and apparently not exceeding between four and five cent, in diameter. Septa of two sizes, alternating, the pri- maries somewhat flexuous, reaching generally rather n.ore than half way to the centre, the secondaries somewhat variable in their length, bein-. in different specimens from less than one-third to about three-fourths as long as the primaries; numbering in all from about sixty to one hundred On the surface of the corallum the position of the outer ends of the septa 18 indica.ed by distinct, shallow, longitudinal furrows. Tabula- complete numerous, flat or undulating, turned down at the edges. A small septal fovea IS generally discernible near the lateral margin on one side of the convex curve." (Lambe, 1899.) Localities and formation.-Covniievon^ limestone of Ontario The tvoe specimen is ffoui lot U, concession 1, Oneida township, county of HahJi- r^and col ected by E. DeCew in 1857; another and larger specimen is trom lot J concession 4, Cayuga township, county of Haldimand and was also collected by E. DeCew. iraen, eleven inches n lines in diameter s at the cup. The " '"' ' 111 I ' nmniii I I ^u-j,... , -. ,1. 1 1 1 III II i^w_..p,^^ 128 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. Zapiibentis Minas, Dawson. Plate VII., figs. 7, 7a, 7b. II t Zaphrentia Minas, parsi. DawHoii. 1868. specitiiens, tig. 48a. Zaphrentia Minas, Larabe. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol Acadian Geology, second edition, p. 28G, smalt XII., p. 254. " Corallum simple, turbinate, small, slightly curved, about twice as long as broad, pointed below and obscurely maiked transversely by low accre- tion ridges. Epitheca complete, with distinct longitudinal septal furrows and fine, close-set, transverse growth lines showing on the surface. Calyx deep, with thin vertical walls and a moderately flat bottom, the depth equal to more than one-half the width. Tabular rather irregular, crossing from side to side, with minor incomplete tabulit? at times resting on the principal ones. Septa, from about sixty-five to seventy-five in number, alternately long and short, the long ones passing to the centre, the re- mainder only about 1 mm. in length; on the walls of the calyx the prim- aries are reduced to thin, sharp-edged ridges, and the secondaries become almost obsolete. Fossette of moderate depth, extending outward to the wall on the flat or concave side of the coral. " The figure accompanying the original description does not give a cor- rect idea of the depth and form oi! the calyx ; the specimen from which the drawitig was evidently made is 40 mm. in length along the convex curve, aboxxt 23 mm. in maximum breadth near the top, tnd the calyx, as seen in a longitudinal section of the corallum, is about 12 mm. deep. "Locality. — West River, Pictou, N.S., collected by Profe-^ or How; Lower Carboniferous formation. Two small specimens and the basal ex- tremity of a third, the property of the Peter Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal. " This species is very closely related to, if not identical with Zaphrentis Enniskilleni, Milne-Edwards and Haime (Brit. Foss. Coras, p. 170, pi. XXXIV., fig. l,)of the Carboniferous limestone of the north-west of Ire- land.' (Lambe, 1899.) The writer is desirous of here placing on record his indebtedness to the late Sir J. William Dawson for the loan of the types of Z. Mmas, Cyatho- phyllum Dawsoni and Clisiophyllum Billingai, with permission to make sections of them. Genus Amplexus, Sowerby. 1814. Amplexus, Sowerby. 1814. Mineral Chonchology, vol I., p. 165. Corallum simple, elongate, aubconical. Epitheca complete. Tabulse highly de .'eloped. Septa very short, although still differentiated into >NTOLOGY. UMBE J CANADIAN PALAEOZOIC CORALS. 129 Hecond edition, p. 28G, smalt SII., p. 254. ved, about twice as long msversely by low acore- gitudinal septal furrows ; on the surface. Calyx ' flat bottom, the depth ither irregular, crossing b times resting on the )venty-five in number, ig to the centre, the re- i of the calyx the prim- the secondaries become mding outward to the ion does not give a cor- specimen from which gth along the convex e top, Liid the calyx, as bout 12 mm. deep, ed by Profe" or How ; uens and the basal ex- Ipath Museum, McGill entical with Zaphrentis iss. Coras, p. 170, pi. E the north-west of Ire- his indebtedness to the es of Z. Mmas, Vyatho- th permission to make LG5. ca complete. Tabulae still diflFerentiated into primaries and secondaries. No dissepiments. Septal fosette present. Differs from Zaphrentis only in the feeble development of the septa ^VPe^pecies.— A. coralloides, Sowerhy. Jianffe.—Siluriim, Devonian, Carboniferous. Amplexus cingulatus, Billings. Plate X., figs. 2 and 3, 3a. Amplexus cinffulatu,, Billing... 1862. Palseoz. Fosh. vol. 1, ,,. 106. "Corallites very elongate, cylindrical, varying fro.u 3 to S lines in diameter, annulated at various distances by prominent usually sharp- edged rings of growth, with concave spaces between. Radiating septa from fifty to eighty, according to the size of the corallite, extending in- wanls about one-sixth of the diameter. The inner area occupies°fully five-sixths of the whole diameter; the transverse septa or tabuh. thin shghly undulating, from i to f of a line apart. Surface with about two longitudinal septal stri,« in one line, the ridges between which are often divided by a smaller stria. "The annulations are distant from eacli other from 2 to U lines the most common distance being about half an inch. They are usually sharp- edged, but often in the younger corallites they are either obtusely round- ed or represented by mere enlargements of the diameter of various forms and distances. " This species appears to be gregarious, as great numbers are found on the same slabs of limestone, lying across each other in all directions and broken into fragments from 1 to 4 inches in length." (Billings ) ^ocMiiesV Anse a la Barbe, Bale des Chaleurs, Que., Silurian- col- lee ed by Sir iVilham Logan, 1843. and also at I'Anse au Gascon, by R xseii, in lob2. •' with Uk. fonner fl . : ^ ^^Z' W tlwe"' f "' '^ ^,""" '"''"'''"''' '^°"'"^'=^^'^ .. comprehen^ve as that evidently implied by che term in the '' cf:it;!f baliada!" " i>l... I II :ll ! 130 CONTHinUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. The manner of gemmation is shown in one specimen in which a small bud, about two lines in diameter and of the same length, is produced in one of the calicular expansions at a distance of over 2 inches below the broken upper end of the parent. On the same tablet with the type specimen is a small fragment, slit longitudinally, in which the tabuliu are deeply concave at the centre and turned down at the edges and the primary septa, as seen in a transverse section, extend about half way to the centre, partly as carina- on the tabuhu, and number about forty-seven, making the total number of septa ninety-four. Amplexus Yandklli, Milne- Edwards and Haime. Plate IX., figs. 4, 4a, ib. Amplexus Yandelli, Milne-Ed wardH and Haiine. 1851. Polyp. Fosh. des Terr. Palaeoz., p. 344, pi. .S, figs. 2, 2NTOLOaV. 3ciinea in which a small I length, is produced in er 2 inches below the a small fragment, slit ncave at the centre and as seen in a transverse partly as carina' on the e total number of septa and Haime. yp. F08H. de« Terr. Paloeoz., ' series, vol. IV., p. 123. II. 1H8. Corals, p. 154, pi. LIV., idroide, irregulierement t et des retr^cissements plancher 3up^rieur lisse )nde, arrondie, tros-rap nsons, alternativement is-^troites, Longeur 7 Ohio" (Milne-Edwards jies occurs in the Corni- e three small specimens ig with a diameter near cture is as follows : — ry slowly in diameter, i of growth, or frill-like of varying prominence, icuously marked longi- transversely by minor ling from side to side, Septa from about fifty primaries 2 mm. long laries represented only tubercles. lAMti ] CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. 131 Localky and formation -^S^^v Woodstock, Ont., collected by A Mur- ray in 1857; Corniferous limostono. In the oris;inal description of A. Yand.lli, from the Falls of the Ohio no mention is made of a particularly slight development of the secondary septa such as is .seen in the Woodstock specimens, in fact in the figures these septa are shown as being con^paratively long; also in the references madetothespec.es by Billings, Nicholson and Rominger very little is said about the septa and nothing from which it might be inferred that the secondaries consisted of tubercles only. Amplexus KXiLts, Billings. Plate IX., figs. 5, 5a, 5b. AupU^u> exUis, Billings. 1874. Canadian Naturalist, new series, vol. VII., p. 2.32 Original description.-" Corallum more or less curved, expanding to a diameter of 14 lines at 3^ inches from the base. Surface with very dis- tinctly defined costal stria,, of which there are 5 in the width of 3 lines where the diameter is about one inch, and 6 or 7 in the same space atthebase. TheP are about 64 septa where the diameter is 14 lines Thelargerofthe.s.. re scarcely a line in depth; the smaller about half that size. The tabuhe are very thin, flat or slightly undulating, distant from each other from 1 to 6 lines. "Owing to the fragile character of the shell, good specimens of this species are rare The best.in our collection consists of the lower 6 inches partly imbedded in the rock. By the application of acid, the whole of the interior has been completely freed from the limestone which filled it so that It shows the tabuhe and septa perfectly. It is curved somewhat irregularly to a radius of between 4 and 5 inches. There are numerous small rings of growth, in general not very prominent, but with some that are angular and strongly elevated. These are, sometimes, so deep that they give to the costal striie, a nodose appearance. "The extremely rudimentary state of the septa, distinguishes this species from all the described American forms known to me." (Billings.) Locality and formation.— CovnileroMS limestone cf Ontario. Genus Pycnostylus, Whiteaves. Py.mstplui, Whiteaves. 1884. Palieoz. Foss., vol. III., pt. I., p. 2. a3al portion of the corallum unknown." (Whiteaves.) Ti/pe species. — P. Guelpliensis, Whiteaves. Dr. Whiteaves (Pala'oz. Foss., vol. III., pt. II., p. 49, 1895), further remarks: "The genus Pycnoslylii^H, of which Ortliopadium, Schluter, 1889, is probably a synonym, differs from Ample.nis only in the circum- stance that it grows in colonies of compound and apparently fasciculated corallites." PycNOSTVLU.s GoELPHENsis, Whiteaves. Plate X,, figs. 4, An. ? Amplexus IumUus, Billings, 18t)'<, (Jeulogy of Canada, pj), H40 anil 342, with no description nor fiiuri'«. Ampkxits (?) sp. Nicholson, 187."). Palieon of ^ )nt., p. (i(i, Pticnostylus(iudphcnsis,\W\\\Xemhs, L'^t Palaeoz, Foss., vol. Ill,, pt. I., p. 3, pi. I., figs. 1, la, V,. « n Whiteaves, 1895. Ihid, pt. II., p. 4!). Original description — "Corallites long and slender, averaging from 3 to 7 mm. in diameter, and dividing uniformly at the same point into either three or four branches. Epitheca marked by transverse constrictions and re-elevations at irregular distances, but not longitud- inally ribbed. Primary septa alternating with smaller secondary ones." Localities and formation. — New Hope (name changed to Hespeler in 1858), Ont., E.Billings, 1857; Guelph, Ont., R. Bell, 1861; Hespeler, Ont., T. C. Weston, 1867; Elora, Ont., Mr. D. Boyle, 1880; Durham, Ont., Mr. J. Townsend. Ouelph limestone. It may also be remarked that — the septa average thirty-two in number, the primaries being aVioub -75 mm. in length when well pre- served, the secondaries slightly smaller. The tabulre are complete, flat, often slightly convex or concave, rather far apart, from five to nine occurring in a distance of 1 cent. The corallites often touch each other and sometimes continue in contact for some distance, and are seldom more than their own diameters apart. In longitudinal sections the new corallites, in sets of four or occasionally three, are seen to spring simultaneously from the inner surface of the wall of the parent :ONTOLOfiV. 1, but the tabulif, thouyh )ntal and neitlit-r bemi ler with their rellexed 'iitly of an aggregation 'ical polyp stems, which 8 into sets of three, four JUS branches. Structure Lers ol' the l)asal portion I., p. 49, 1895), further Orf./iopcedium, Schluter, rns only in the circjim- i apparently fasciculated iteaves. \i]). ;i40 and 342, with no vol. II r., lit. I., 1). 3, pi. i. 4il. slender, averaging from mly at the same point I marked by transverse iances, but not longitud- jmaller secondary ones." changed to Hespeler in .. Bell, 1861 ; Hespeler, BDyle, 1880; Durham, average thirty-two in length when well pre- e tabulae are complete, far apart, from five to allites often touch each some distance, and are [n longitudinal sections lally three, are seen to f the wall of the parent ] CANADIAN I'AL.EOZOIC CORALS. 133 (jorallite and to fill the entire visceral chaPibcr whore, by their pressure on each other, the" are at first angular but diverging slightly they rise as complete cyii>.c :cal corallites each in turn to subdivide again. The largest specimen in the collection, representing a corallum of greater size, is rougly 17 cent, high and 10 cent. l)road. Pycnostylus klegans, Whiteaves. fj/cmntiilua eletjana, Whiteaves, 1H84, 2, 2(1. " . 107. Colonies of cylindrical, tlexuous, slightly divergent, upright corallitt-s that increase rapidly by lateral calicular gemmation, forming masses from 30 to GO cent, in diameter. Three or four buds spring from a parejit corallite at a time. Corallites crowded closely together and frequently in contact, annulated by numerous rounded swellings, with shallow con- strictions between; small nodular outgrowths are developed when the coral- lites approach each other suHiciently and serve to strengthen the general growth of the colony. Epitheca marked by numerous faint, transverse lines of growth, and striated longitudinally by narrow septal grooves. The corallites, in some specimens bud at intervals of from 3 to 6 cent, after having attained a diameter of from 10 to 15 mm., but in others, evidently on account of overcrowding', they bud with much less frequency. Septa numbering sixty, alternately large and small, one-half passing to the centre, remainder reaching not quite half way. Tabuire well developed, close set, about eight in a space of 2 mm. flat in the centre and shallowly grooved round the periphery, occupying about half the entire diameter. Vesicles small, inclined obliquely outward and upward and filling the interseptal loculi in from about three to six rows. This coral is closely allied to C. articulattim, Wahlenberg, from which it difi'ers in being less strongly annulated and in the possession of the strengthening nodular outgrowths as well as in a few minor details of structure the strengthening connexions between the corallites give to the corallum an appearance somewhat similar to that of some species of Diphyphyllum. Locality. — L'Anse au Gascon, Baie des Chaleurs ; Silurian* ; collector Sir William Logan, 1843. Cyathophyllum Zenkeui, Billinos. Plate XII., fig. 1. Cj/atlwphpllum Zenkrri, Hillingc, IWiO. Cftiiadiau .ronnml, new Hcri«'s, vol. V., p. 262, H 11 Nicholson, 1875. I'iiIikoii. of Out., p. 7(i. Corallum simple, short, cone-shaped, strongly curved especially at the pointed base, reaching a height of 1) cent, as measured on the convex or * Soti footnote on i)agi« 12il. NTOLOQY. LINOH, UMII. ] CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. 139 I., i>. 107. ;ent, upright corallites ation, forming masses h spring from a parent )gethor and frequently inga, with shallow con- veloped when the coral- strengthen tlie general leious faint, transverse larrow septal grooves, als of from 3 to 6 cent. 15 mm., but in others, ;h much less frequency. Eill, one-half passing to Tabulie well developed, 16 centre and shallowly If the entire diameter, pward and filling the ahlenberg, from which I the possession of the a few minor details of the corallites give to that of some species of I ; Silurian* ; collector iNris. u'w Bcrit'B, vol. v., J), 262, urved especially at the .ired on the convex or outer curve and a diameter at the top of 4 cent. Epitheca smooth, .show- mg faint annular transverse lines of growth and longitudinal depre.ssed septal lines. Calyx wide with almost vertical sides, flat at the bottom with septa passing to the centre ; in the type specimen it is 28 n.m across at the top and 18 mm. deep. Tabulate area large, occupying near'y three-fifths of the entire diameter. Tabuhe Hat, moderately regular, from •5 to 2 mm. apart, bent down at their edges, where a number of cystose plates are introduced. Vesicular area narrow, made up of rather unequal arched dissepiments, that curve upward and outward from the edges of the tabula-; the vesicles decrease slightly in size from within outward In the walls of the cup the septa are of equal length, but beneath in the tabulate area many of them pass to the centre, whilst the remain.ler apparently do not encroach on the tabulm ; septa numbering in all from about one hundred and forty to one hundred and fifty. A septal fossette IS present at the edge of the bottom of the calyx on the side next to the concave curve of the coral. The tetrameral arrangement of the septa is well shewn in the type specimen. Localiti/ and /ormation.-nama.'s farm, near Port Colborne, Ontario Cornifeious limestone; collector E. Billings, 1857, ' CvATHOPnYLLUM SpKNCEm, Lambe. Plate XII, tigs. 2, 2a, 26. Accrv,Uaria ,yrofundj, IJillingH. lH7(i. Rep. of ProgreRs for 1874-75. (Jeol. Survey of Caniula, p. (>8. Cimthoph,,llum profundum, Whitoaves. 18<,I2. Contr. to Can. Pala^on., v.,1. I, pt. IV p. 2(i7. var. Whiteaves. 18!(2. Ibid, p. 2t!H, pi. XXXIV Kirs 4 4n C!,athophf>!/nm Spencer,; Jmnht,. mm. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII, p. 2.W. *^ ' ' "Corallum composite, formed by closely connected, crowded, polygonal generally hexagonal corallites that diverge from a small base and^form' thick somewhat explanate masses ; largest .specimen seen about 15 cent broad and 6 cent, thick or high. Frequently spaces are left between the corallites at or near the t.^ge of the corallum due to the less crowded growth of the corallites and their assumption of a more nearly cylindrical form. A line of contact between contiguous corallites is recognizable showing that each corallite is contained inside it- own walls, also some specimens have been preserved in such a manner as to admit of the coral- lites being separated from each other along this line of contact Surface of corallites irregularly ribbed transversely, with fine growth lines between and longitudinally striated by shallow septal grooves. Corallites varying in size in the same individual and in .lifferent specimens, from about 8 to 12 mm., in the majority of specimens, and from 10 to 17 mm. in the v\ 1™^' ;'ji I.-.I.. . I i.j.iijiHi'iiil ',; 140 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALiKONTOLOGY. largest specimen. Calyces polygonal in outlino, their confluent margins prominently angular, depth about one-half the width, sides steep, bottom narrowly concave, septate to the centre. Septa oi: two lengths, from about forty-eight to fifty-six in number, in different specimens, of which the longer meet at the centre of the visceral chamber and the remainder reach more than half way and often nearly to the centre, their sides not ornamented with arched carimv. Tabulie flat, close set, four or five in a length of 1 mm., moderately regular, their continuity in a horizontal plane often interrupted by the passage of the septa through them, narrow, forming a small but well-defined central area from about J^ to | the diameter of the corallite in width. Vesicular zone surrounding the tabulate area, broad, made up of small vesicles of rather equal size, in eight or nine obliquely ascending rows, filling the interseptal loculi. Increase apparently by interstitial gemmation. " This species differs from C quadrigeminum, Goldfuss, principally in having a much narrower tabulate area and a resultant broader vesicular zone, in having the two orders of septa more nearly of a size and in the absence of septal carini«." (Lambe, 1899.) Localities.— \)a.^s,on Bay, Lake Winnipegosis, J. W. Spencer, 1874 ; Lake Manitoba, on the east side of the Narrows, J. B. Tyrrell, 1888 ; and Lake Winnipegosis at Snake Island and in Dawson Bay, also at Lower Salt Spring, Red Deer River, J. B. Tyrrell and D. B. Dowling, 1889 ; Devonian (American Stringocephalus zone) and possibly Upper Devonian. CvATHOPHYLLUM VERMiGULABE, Goldfuss, var. PRECURSOR, Frech. AstrocimihMs vermicular is, Ludvig. 1866. Korallen aus palKolithischen Fcvmation (PalEBontographica, vol. XIV), t. 58. CiiathophyUum vermicuUire, Goldf. mut. n. prcecursor. Frech. 18H6. Die Cyathophyl- liden und Zaphreutiden des deutHchen Mitteldevon, (Palwon- tol. Abhandl., Dames und Kayser, vol. Ill), p. 63, i)l. II (XIV) figs. 4, 6-10. " " CToldfuas, var. prffioursor, Whiteaves. 1892. Contr. to Can. Palceon., vol. I, pt. IV, p, 263, pi. XXXV, figs. 1, la, \h. A few specimens of a simple coral from a number of localities on Lake Winnipegosis and its vicinity have been referred by Dr. Whiteaves to the above species, on the authority of Dr. Freeh. In these Lake Winnipegosis specimens the corallum varies from a short, straight and rather stout form to one that is more cylindrical, pro- portionately longer and somewhat flexuous ; length in different specimens from 3 to nearly 5 cent, and breadth from 2-5 to 3 5 cent. The surface exhibits numerous, slight, annular ridges and constrictions, whilst the epitheca is smooth but marked by minor transverse lines of growth and INTOLOGY, their confluent margins dth, sides steep, bottom two lengths, from about nens, of which the longer le remainder reach more ir sides not ornamented r or five in a length of . horizontal plane often hem, narrow, forming a ^ the diameter of the le tabulate area, broad, eight or nine obliquely Increase apparently by Goldfuss, principally in iltant broader vesicular irly of a size and in the J. W. Spencer, 1874 ; r. B.Tyrrell, 1888; and 3on Bay, also at Lower 1 D. B. Dowling, 1889 ; •ssibly Upper Devonian. PRiECURSOK, Freeh. palieolithiHchen Fcvmation 58. ih. 1886. Die Cyathophyl- schen Mitteldevon, (PalBeon- ser, vol. Ill), p. C3, pi. II, laves. 1892. Contr. to Can. 1. XXXV, figs. 1, la, U. ler of localities on Lake id by Dr. Whiteaves to iorallum varies from a s more cylindrical, pro- h in different specimens 3 5 cent. The surface onstrictions, whilst the 86 lines of growth and J CANADIAN PAL.KOZOIC CORAM. 141 faint longitudinal septal furrows. The calyx has sloping sides and is moderately deep, its width is equal to about two-thirds the diameter of the coral above and its depth about three-fifths its width The septa vary m number from about sixty five to eighty, and are alternatelv long and short, one half passing to the centre where they are often twisted the remainder reaching not quite half way. In the calyx the septa have their free edges denticulated and at the bottom their twisted ends form a slightly raised boss in some specimens. The tabulm are very feebly de^ eloped, they average about 5 mm. in width, are flat, and seem to be much interfered with by the longer septa. The central confused area of tainih« and twisted septa gives way laterally to a broad vesicular zone made up of oblique dissepiments, that become more regular in disposition and smaller in size as the outside of the coral is approached. A seotal fossette 18 indicated in two of the specimens. Localities.-A number of places on the Red Deer River, Dawson Bay and Lake Winnipegosis, District of Saskatchewan and Province of Man- itoba; Devonian ; collectors, D. B. Dowling, 1888, J. B. Tyrrell and D B Dowling 1889. Cyathopi. i,LUM RicHARDSONi, Meek. (Sp.) Aul.,ph,>llu,u.^ Rlchurdsoni, Meek. 1868. Trans. Chicago Aca.l. of Sciences vol I p. 81, pi. XI, figs. ;{, Sa. ■ ' CimllwphiJtlum Jiicharrl^om, Whiteaves. 18!.l. Contr. to C.in. Palson vol I nt III p. 200, pi. XXVII, figs. .Sand 1. ' ' Corallum s urved below, becoming cylindrical above and some- times slightly flexuous, marked generally by strong accretion ridges especially near the base, on the side of the convex curve; from 4 to 8 cent in length and averaging about 2 cent, in maximum diameter Epitheca, when well preserved, seen to be marked transversely by fine wavy lines of growth, about ten in the apace of 1 mm., and longitudinally by well-defined septal striii-. Calyx of moderate .size and varying some- what in depth, sometimes as deep as wide, but generally much more shallow, and showing a considerable variation in the form of the bottom. Septa about seventy-two in number, generally thickened for a short dis- tance inward from their outer ends, thirty-six of them extending to the centre of the visceral chamber, the others half way, more often much less than half way, to the centre. Denticulations present on the free edges of the septa in the cup and continued over their sides obliquely downward and outward as carina;. Tabuhe small, irregular, vesicular, having more the form of large flat dissepiments than true tabuhe. Vesicles occupy- ing the interseptal loculi between the ill-defined central area and the outer wall, small, formed by curved dissepiments ascending in rows obliquely outward. ■^ t y ' X*g!Wg>WB "BW(W'f!'«>?!|i^^ U2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. Mackenzie River, at the " Ramparts ;" Upper Devonian ; collector, R. G. McConnell, 1888. Red Deer River, Lake Winnipegosis, J. B. Tyrrell, 1889 ; Devonian (Cuboides zone); one specimen. This species resembles C. vermicnlare, var. prcecuraor, Freeh, from the Upper Devonian rocks of Lake Winnipegosis and vicinity, but has a more slender corallum ; the inner structure in the two species is some- what similar, but in the Mackenzie River form the septa are stouter in the peripheral area and the difference in length of the longer and shorter septa as seen in transverse section, is more marked. Ill Cyathophyllum ellipticum, Hall and Whitefield. (Sp.) Vhonophi/llum ( Ptychophyllum) elHptioum, Hall and Whitfield. 1873. Twenty-third Report, N. Y. State Museum of Nat. Hist., p. 233, p. 23.S, pi. IX., tig. 13. Campophpllum Soetentcum, Sohluter. 1889. Anthozoen des rhelnischen Mittel-Devon., p. 39, taf. III., figs. 1-6. Oampopht/Uum elHpticuni, Whiteavea. 1891. Contr. to Can. Palteon., vol. I., pt. III., p. 202, pi. XXVII, figs. 5 and 6, and api)endix, p. 422. Corallum simple, conico-cylindrlcal, curved at the base and in older specimens curved again above, but in the opposite direction. Surface marked by strong encircling swellings of growth at irregular intervals, and showing distinct longitudinal linear depressions, representing the septa within. Epitheca smooth, with fine wavy transverse lines. A diameter of 3 cent, is reached in a length of nearly 6 cent. ; the largest specimen in the collection, one that has unfortunately been broken across, not far below the bottom of the cup, has a maximum diameter of 5-5 cent. Calyx large, with steeply ascending sides that expand rapidly near the margin ; bottom of cup wide, flat, carinated almost to the centre by septa ; depth somewhat less than the width of the cup at the bottom. Septa numbering from about seventy to one hundred, of two orders, the primaries meeting the tabulse and continued thereon to the centre of the visceral chamber as carinse, the secondaries short, extending only about •5 cent, inward from the outer wall. Tabula? well developed, generally broader than the half diameter of the coral, flat, bent down at the edges. Vesicles in the interseptal spaces coarse, of unequal size, forming a peri- pheral dissepimental area of variable width. Localities. — Hay River, forty miles above its mouth, Mackenzie District, R. G. McConnell, 1887; and Athabasca River, thirty miles be- low Red River, R. G. McConnell, 1890. Devonian (Cuboides zone.) As Professor Calvin thinks that the Hay River fossil figured on plate XXVII, fig. 5, of the first volume of the " Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology," is not specifically identical with CJwnophyllum ellipticum, lONTOLOGY. er Devonian; collector, ake Winnipegosis, J. B. lecimen. ncuraor, Freeh, from the and vicinity, but has a the two species is some- ;he septa are stouter in f the longer and shorter :ed. Vhitefield. (Sp.) itfield. 1873. Twenty-third State Museum of Nat.. Hist., )1. IX., fig. 13. )s rheiniachen Mittel-Devon., 1. Palffion., vol. I., pt. III., , and ap|)endix, p. 422. at the base and in older site direction. Surface at irregular intervals, 5sions, representing the y transverse lines. A 'ly 6 cent. ; the largest itely been broken across, urn diameter of 5-5 cent, pand rapidly near the almost to the centre by f the cup at the bottom. Ired, of two orders, the eon to the centre of the t, extending only about 11 developed, generally bent down at the edges, al size, forming a peri- its mouth, Mackenzie River, thirty miles be- iin (Cuboides zone.) fossil figured on plate tributions to Canadian honophyllum ellipticum, •] CANADIAN PALiEOZOIC CORALS. 143 Hall and Whitfield, Dr. Whiteaves has proposed the name of Cyathophyllum McConnelli for the former. But the specimens from the Hay and Atha- basca rivers seem to tht writer to agree remarkably well with Hall and WhitHeld's description of C. ellipticum and with the internal structure of a specimen of C. ellipticum sent by Dr. Griffith, from Rockford, Iowa the typical locality ; for this reason Dr. Whiteaves's original identifica- tion is retained. A variety of this species, from the Upper Devonian rocks of Lake Win- nipegosis, has been recognized by Dr. Whiteaves, who makes the follow- ing descriptive remarks thereon :* " It differs from the types from the Devonian rocks of the Athabasca River only in having its central area occupied by flexuous, irregularly disposed, but for the most part con- tmuous tabulw, rather than by large interseptal dissepiments, and in Its narrower vesiculose peripheral zone, the inner margin of which is more clearly defined." One specimen from the south-western shore of Cameron Bay, Lake Winnipegosis, J. B. Tyrrell, 1889. Cyathophyllum Athabascense, Whitea ves. Cyathophyllum Athabascense, Whiteaves, 1891. Contr. to Can. Palson p. 202, pi. XXXIL, figs. 1, la, U. vol. I., pt. III., " Corallum simple, elongate-turbinate and slightly curved ; epitheca well developed, marked with rounded and not very prominent longitudinal ribs, which are much broader than the grooves between them, and by transverse stri.-e or wrinkles and an occasional constriction caused by an arrest of growth. Calyx circular, rather de.p, with steep sides; septa about thirty.four in number, simple, not bearing arched carime on their sides and apparently not denticulated at their summits. Interior struc- ture, as seen in longitudinal se, ...ns, consisting of an outer or peripheral zone of oblique ascending rows of rather large vesicles, and of a broad central area in which the interstices between the septa are crossed by large curved dissepiments, whose size, shape and disposition are very irregular. Transverse sections made a little below the base of the calyx show that the thirty-four septa extend almost to the centre, and that they are all equal in length." (Whiteaves.) ioca%~Athabasca River, three miles below the Calumet River • Devonian (Cuboides zone) ; collector R. G. McConnell, 1890. •Contr. to Can. Pal*on., 1892, vol. I., pt. IV., p. 269, pi. XXXIVV«g8. 8, 8a. '(/ /,' wrt<-fii •;> i J .> Jg i ..! ! BaiHMW ! Miai .- ■i 144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY. Cyathophyllum Waskasense, Whiteaves. Cyathophijllum Watkaaeme, Whiteaves, 1892. Coiitr, to Can. Palieon., vol. I., \>t. IV., p. 2(!4, pi. XXXIV., «gs 5, 5«, G mid 7. Cyathophi)Uum diauthus, pars, Wliiteaves, IHilii. Ibid, vol. ]., pt. IV., p. 204 (Hijeoiinen from Red iJeer River). " Corallum aiiuple, or proliferous and consisting of a single corallite from which as many as from four to six lateral and divergent buds pro- ceed, or increasing by calycinal gemmation, the simple forms and those from which lateral buds are produced being conical, rather slender and more or less curved or bent. Epitheca faintly ribbed longitudinally, transversely striated and marked also with a few irregularly disposed constrictions and re-elevations, the results of periodic arrests of growth ; calyx rather deep, flat at the bottom and with nearly vertical sides ; primary septa twenty-four, extending about half-way to the centre and slightly irre- gular ; secondary septa equal in numljer to the primaries, but not reach- ing more than half as fur inward. " Internal structure, aa seen in longitudinal section.', consisting of a very narrow outer zone of vesicular tissue and of a broad inner tabulate area. The vesicles are staall and rather regularly disposed, while the tabulae, which are for the most part complete and regular in their disposition, are very close-.set, flat in the centre, but bent downward at their outer margins." (Whiteaves.) In this species the septa arejdenticulated on their free edges and carin- ated on their side faces. Localities. — Red Deer River and Dawson Bay, Lake Winnipegosis ; Devonian: collector J. B. Tyrrell, 1889. Cyathophyllum petraioides, Whiteaves. CyathophiilluMpetmiokles, Wliiteavew, 18'JL'. Contr. to Can. Palseon., vol. I., pt. IV., p. 26,5, pi. XXXIV., figs. 1, la and 2. " Corallum simple, straight or slightly curved, in well preserved speci- mens attached to some foreign body by a small and partially clasping basal expansion, conical and broadly spreading, the entire height being not much greater than the width at the summit. Outer surface marked with faint longitudinal costse, also by fine transverse striae and a few rather course wrinkles at irregular intervals. Calyx circular, oblique in some specimens but not in others, subconical but irregular in shape, usually very deep and in most cases excavated to within an extremely short dis- tance of the base ; septa about forty-nve* in number and apparently equal • The septa may be said to vary iii number from about forty to sixty according to the size of the corallum. JNTOLOOY. hiteaves. -1 CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. 145 an. PaliBon., vol. I., pt. IV., 5, 5u, and 7. 1., j)t. IV., p. 204 (Hi)ecinit'n ng of a single corallite and divergent buds pro- pie forms and those from her slender and more or gitudinully, transversely J disposed constrictions r)f growth ; calyx rather al sides ; primary septa entre and slightly irre- irimaries, but not reach- ion.«, consisting of a very oad inner tabulate area, osed, while the tabulae, in their disposition, are iruward at their outer eir free edges and carin- ay. Lake Winnipegosis ; hiteaves. a. Palaeon., vol. I., pt. IV., la and 2. in well preserved speci- 1 partially clasping basal ntire height being not ter surface marked with striae and a few rather rcular, oblique in some gular in shape, usually an extremely short dis- jer and apparently equal Lit forty to sixty according in size, consisting of mere ridges, which are acute and moderately pro- m.m.nt in the upper portion of the sides of the cup, but which are much more strongly developed at and towards its base. Internal structure, as shown in longitudinal sections, consisting of vesicular tissue between the septa; tabu,., almost but not entirely absent, a single transverse diaphragm at the bottom of the cup being observable in two out of the ten specimens collected." Dimensions of an average sized specimen : "greatest height, 39 mm maximuin width 29 mm. In another specimen the greatLt height i about 40 mm. and the width at the summit, 32 mm." (Whiteaves) Tvtlf T««r'^''"n ^r^"!' ^"'^^ ''""^'"^"' ^- ^- Whiteaves and J. B. Tyrre 1 1888 ; small island at extreme south end of Lake Winnipegosis and at U.e Lower and Upper Salt Springs, Red Deer River, J. B. Tyrrell, looy. Devonian. -^ Cyathophyllum c^spitosum, Goldfuss. Plate XII., figs. 3, 3a, 36. CyatiwphvUnm.,,,pUo»um, (.oldfuH.s, 182C. Petrofacta Germania,., vol. I., p. ,jn „1 XIX., figs 2a-d. ' ' Milne-Edward« and Hairae, 1851. Polyp. Fohh. des Terr Paleeoz., !> .384. Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1853. Brit. Foss. Corals, n 22!» pl. LI, figs 2, 2a, 26. • i . Whiteaves, 18'J1. Contr. to Can. Pateon., vol. I., pt. Ill , p. 200, (Peace River sp.cinien), also pt. IV., p 2(i4 This species is represer.ted by a small mass of corallites increasing by lateral calicinal gemmation, collected by Prof. John Macoun, in 187.5 hi' T T^' ""'■ '^' "°"*'^ °' ^'^ «-^'-' ^-««i- (cu: corallum bushy, made up of a loose aggregation of corallites, averaging when ful grown, about 9 mm. in diameter, that diverge radially fromt basal central point and form a mass 6 or 7 cent, high and about l^ cent m diameter. Small corallites spring from the sides of the calyces"of the rnature ones. Corallites cylindrical, slightly but definitelv constricted at irregular intervals. Epitheca rather smooth, with feeble "transverse linL of growth and faint longitudinal septal stri.. Calyces moderately dee" with steep sides, showing primary and secondary septa, the former of which p ss nearly to the centre of the bottom of the cup. Septa, numbering n all from about forty-four to forty-eight, alternately long and short the primaries, as seen in transverse sections, almost reaching the centre of the visceral chamber, whilst the secondaries are scarcely discernible Ibeyond what appears to be a thickening of the wall, formed by the union ' V i I 'J f!^i; 146 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALJEONTOLOCiY. of tho outer ends of the septa with the secondaries ; their free edges in the calyces are denticulated and their sides carinated. Tabulio distinct, flat, often slightly irregular indisposition, not quite one-half the diameter of the corallites. Vesicles, between the tabulie and the wall, compara- tively large, unequal in size, often intruding on the tabula*. CVATHOPIIYLLUM CEBATITES, GoldfuSH. GyathophiiUum Ceratites, (ioldfuss, 1826. Petrcfacta (lermaniB!, vol. 1. p. 57, pi. XVII., figs, 2(t—h. CyathophiiUum ccratiteg, McCoy. 185.'). Brit. Pulieoz. P'oasils, p. 70. ir II Freck. 18rt(i. Die Cyn,tho])hylliden unil Zaphrfntiden des deutschen Mitteldevoii (Palicontol. Abliandl., Dames und Kiiyser, vol. III.) p. (i4. Cyatlwphyllaui ctespitonum, Whitcavcs. 181)1. Contr. to Can. Palieon., vol. I., pt. III., p. 200, pi. XXVII, tigs. 7 and 8. (Hingle corallites from Hay Kivcr. ) Cyathophi/Uum (HatUhun, VVhiteaves. (teste Frccli.) 1802. Contr. to Can. Palieon., vol. I., i)t. IV., p. 201; (not the specimen from Lower Salt Spring, Red Deer Kiver. ) To this.Hpecies a^e referred seven simple coralites collected by Mr. R. G. McConnell in 1887 from the Devonian rocks of Hay River, Mackenzie District, forty miles above its mouth. The following description has refer- ence to these specimens, four of which have been slit to show longitudinal or transverse sections : — corallum simple, conical when young, later becoming cylindrical above, generally curved, sharply pointed below, marked by annular, more or less decided, ridges and constrictions. Epitheca smooth, with faint transverse lines of growth, but with scarcely any indication of septal grooves. The largest of the conical specimens has a diameter of about 2 cent, and a length of 4 cent, measured along the convex curve, the more cylindrical ones have a maximum diameter of less than 2 cent, with a length varying between 6 and 8 cent. Calyx sometimes as deep as wide, more often shallower, narrowing slightly toward the bot- tom where it is flat or evenly concave. Septa from about fifty to seventy in number, alternately long and short, the long ones almost reaching the centre, thick near their outer ends, the short ones, stout, seldom more than 2 mm. in length; their outer ends, when the epitheca is wanting, appearing at the surface as strong costal ribs. Septa delicately denticu- lated at their free edges and carinated on the sities, prominent and some- times a] earing to pass over the somewhat rounded margin of the calyx. Tabuli> numerous, close set, equal in breadth to about half the diameter of the curallite, generally concave. Vesicles of the peripheral area, enclosing the tabulie, rather large, unequal in size ; numerous, much mailer vesicles occur between the costal ends of the septa. NTOLOOV. ies ; their free edges in ated. Tabulip distinct, :e one- half the diameter ,nd the wall, compara- le tabulif. dfuss. iw, vol. 1. |). 57, pi. XVII., 1m, \>. 70. Hii uiid Zai)lin'ntideii des cintol. Abliaiull., Dailies und Palieon., vol. I., pt. III., d 8. (single corallites from !ontr. to Can. Palieon., vol. e s|jecinien from liower Salt 3 collected by Mr. R. G. Hay River, Mackenzie g description has refer- to show longitudinal or 1 young, later becoming ited below, marked by ions. Epitheea smooth, rcely any indication of has a diameter of about ihe convex curve, the r of less than 2 cent. Calyx sometimes as ightlj' toward the bot- Q about fifty to seventy ' ones almost reaching nes, stout, seldom more s epitheea is wanting, pta delicately denticu- i, prominent and some- d margin of the calyx, bout half the diameter the peripheral area, size ; numerous, much iie septa. CANADIAN PAL.EOZOIC C0ltAL8. 147 CvATHOPHyLLUM Dawsoni, Lambe. Plate XII., figs. 4, 4a, 46. ^« ^-. -J.^IW.^I8C«. Acadian Oeolo... .cond edition. , ^ C,athoph,>,lu,u Dawsoni, Lambe. WM Ottawa Naturaliet, vol. XII.. p. 230 "Corallum simple, elongate, slightly curved, in the 'iype specimen broadest at the midlength, contracted near the t^p, annulatdMe vhit ^rregularly by well marked ridges and constriction's and by miro ^^^ k growth, the whole outer surface, when sufficiently wdl prese vfd howmg fine, close set, transverse rai.sed lines about twdve in 'th space t 1 mm., as well as longitudinal septal striations. Type specimen 6 cent ong, as measured on the convex curve, imperfect below where he baTal ar possibly about 3 or 4 cent, in length, has been broken off Ca tx ihallowly concave, smooth at the bottom, with the septa prominent on :he marg.n and sides. Tabula, broad, flat, usually bent doTat the .dge, close set, forming a definite central area a' little verl e't he Lt 71: "''"■ "°°'^'' °' ^^° '-«^h«' *he longer reaching kVth of hel " '""""''"^ °" ^^^'"' ''^ ^'^-^^ -t cu'ite half he about sixt> Vesicular zone, outside the tabula-, averaging about 5 ; nu>. m breadth, made up of unequal, arched dissop ment 'directd u, : .ard and outward between the septa " (Lambe, 1899.) ^' { Localit^j.-Kennetcook, Nova Scotia, collected by Professor How • .ower Carbomferous; one specimen belonging to the collection of tie' >et*r Redpath Museum, McGill University! Montreal. Cyathophvllum Thoholdense. (Sp. nov.) Plate XL. figs. 5, 5a, 56. Corallum simple, small, eylindro-conica!, curved often, more particul- ^ly, a the base, sometimes curved in mure than one direction or twisted ^nerally sharply pointed below ; varying in length from abou 30 o 75 fow h swen- °'^' • u "'''" ''''''''' ^^"-""^^^ '^'^-I'^^^d at times by kHnl.? « longitudinal septal furrows. Septa of two orders alter C T '•""' "'"''"^ '""^ ^^"*- «^ the visceral chamtr he Icond very short extending but slightly inward from the wall in the fger specimens numbering altogether from about sixty to eigl^y The Ipta bear carin. on their side faces, about four occurring in\ space o n t 148 C0NTKIHUTI0N8 TO CANADIAN PAL.KONTOLOOy. 4 mm. Taliulu' Hat, irnrrow, rather diRtant from each other in vertical disposition, often oncrfjaohed on by tlio septa and tlic dissepimontH that arch obliquely upward and outward between the septa. Dissepiments large and unequal near the tabulate area, becoming much smaller and more regular near the periphery. The primary septa in the cup are prominent, alternating with the feebly dcMloped secondaries: below a narrow central space is left forming the hot mm of tlie cup. Localities. — Thorold, Ont., a few specimens collected by E. Billings in 1857, also by Sir W. E. Logan ; St. Catharines, Ont, collected by A. Murray. Niagara formation. Cyathophvi.lum Pasithea, Billings. Plate XTI., figs. 5, 5a, 56. CimthophiiUum Pa»Uhca, Billint?«. 1802. Palieo!',. Vohm., vol. I., p. 112. Corallum simple, conico-cylindrical, straight, with periodic constrictions that give it the appearance of being made up of a succession of short, broad, truncated, invaginated cones with prominent angular uppei- mar- gins, contracted and rounded at the top, the whole surface regularly mirked by longitudinal septal grooves. Calyx, in the single specimen representing the species, small, only 6 mm. in diameter, and about 4 mm. deep, smooth and concave at the bottom, with steep sides on which the septa appear. Tabu he varying from deeply concave to flat, with second- ary convex tabuhe or blisters, the whole forming a somewhat visicular central area about 7 mm. broad, Septa about eighty-four in numlier, of equal size, confined to the extratabulate zone, with close-set, strong, straight carinie on their sides, three or four in the space of 1 mm., directed obliquely downward and outward. Dissepiments arching upward and outward in the interseptal loculi, at right angles to the direction of the carinse, small, of rather equal size and often in as many as nine or ten rows. The single specimen, the type of the species, is 21 mm. in maximum breadth, 42 mm. long and is damaged at the basal end. Locality. — L'Anse k ^a Vieille, Baie des Chaleurs, Que., collected by Sir W. E. Logan, 1843 ; Silurian. * Cyathophyllum Halli, Milne-Edwards and Haime. (Sp.) Strombodes helianthoides ? Hall. 184^ Geol. of New York, pt. IV., p. 209, fig. 3. Heliophyllum. Halli, Milne-Edwards and Haime. 1851. Polyp. Fosh. des Terr. Palteoz., p. 408, pi. 7., figs. 6, 6a, 6b; and 1853, Brit. Foss. Corals, p. 235, pi. LI., fig. 3. "See foot-note p. 129. 4 TOLOtiV. each other in vertical th<' di88«'piinentH that Hepta. DisHepinients iig niucii smaller and Hcpta in the cup are secondari(!8 : below a the cup. cled by E. Billings in Ont., collected by A. CANADIAN PAL.F.OZOIC CORALS. 149 I., I>. 112. I periodic constrictions a succesNion of short, It angular upper mar- bole surface regularly a the single specimen eter, and about 4 mm. 3p sides on which the e to flat, with second- : a somewhat viaicular hty-four in numl)er, of vith close-set, strong, pace of 1 mm., directed arching upward and o the direction of the many as nine or ten s 21 mm. in maximum ind. lurs, Que., collected by id Haime. (Sp.) pt. IV., p. 209, fig. 3. p. Fos8. des Terr. Palieoz., Brit. Fobs. Corals, p. 23."i, HfliophnHum Erknnt, Hilli„K«. ih.VJ. Camwlian .Inurnal. new wrieH. vol. IV., p. 124 llf/iophi/lhituCiii/iu/iinup, HilliiijfM. 18,-,!). |l,i(l, p. IU4. He/iofJii/tlum Caiiiidenw, mUu^SH, 18.5!!. I hid, p. la:., HeUoph!illii,iiH(dli,\\\\\m^f», iHoi) Ilml, p. li'ti. ' Heliophyllum Colb„r,w:n„; Ni<.holHo„. 1H7.S. Canmlion Natun-li.t. m.'W smeH. vol. VII., p. U;< ; niul 1H74, I-ala-on. of Out., p. 2.5, pi. V. flu 4 HchophiitUm proliferum, NicliolHo,,. 1H74. (M-olugioal MuKuziu.., n.w K-ri... vol. I., p. .W; Hiid 1874. I'ahi'oii. of Out., p. 27. Ctmthophiitlnm IMli, IfominK-r. 1H7(!. (i,.ol. Hur. Mid,., Fohm. C.al., p. 08, pi. XX.XV., four HpccimciiM in iipptr row. ffcliophnUnm Halli, HM. lH7(i. IIIuh. Drv. I.\«s., pi. XXIIF. tign. 10, 12 and pi. .\XV., figM. 1 7. Heliophjtnumproliftruin, Hall. I87(i. Ibid, pi. XXVI,, Hg«. 1, 2, f,. Corallum simple or by prolific budding becoming aggregate, broadly or narrowly turbinate, conico-cylindrical or cylindrical, vith many varia- tions of these forms, straight, curved, twisted, or geniculatcd, frequently contracted above, generally exhibiting numerous annular eonstrietions and swelhng,s, base small, pointe.l, the epitlieca marked by numerous par- allel rings of growth and striated longitudinally by distinct linear .septal furrows or depressions ; attaining a diameter of ov.r 10 cent., and a length of about 30 cent. Increaso by lateral calicinal gemmation, some- tm.es as many as eight or nine buds springing simultaneously in a circle from the sides of the calyx, Cal^x with numerous modifications in shape, m the short coralla, generally rather shallow with broadly expanding, more or less reflexed margins, more inclined to Income deep with steep sides in the elongate forms, the sides radially ribbed by the free denticulated edges of the septa that converge toward the bottom of the cup, where the longer ones either meet with straight or twisted ends, at times unitin- CONTRIUUTIONa TC CANADIAN PAL,KONTOLOOV. CvATHOPiiYLLUM COALITUM, Rominger. CiiathophiiHuiit roii-lihim, HinuiuKm. IHTVk (icol. Siir. Mich., h\m. Corals, p. 107, pi, XXXVIII, tiKK. I. Cimthophi/llittit rotiflui'in, Hull. 1870. lllux. l)«v. Fuhh., pi. XXVI, f\gn. a, 4 iinil pi, XXV II. " Astni-iform masses of very, lar^e, polygonal polyp cells measuring about four centimeters in diameter, each one surrounded by its own com- plete wall. Surface of calyces expanded, discoid, with an abrupt but shallow central pit, tlie reversed bottom of which conically projects, cover- ed by the central ends of the radial crests. Lamelhc linear, sabequal, from sixty to seventy in the circumference of a calyx, crenulatcd by trans- verse trabeculie (bars), which are the ends of lateral, arched carina' decorating the .side faces ; about fourteen carina' on the length of one centimeter. Interstitial spaces tilled with vesicles arranged in arched rows running diagonally across the carinations. Central area traversed by tran-ver.se, larger plates, which are much intersected by the vertical lamellie. The structure of this coral is identical with Cyathophylluvi f/nllii. from which it differs principally in its cespitose, compound growth. Found freiuentl^ in silicified condition in the drift, connected with fossils of the corniferous limestone ". (Rominger). Locality and Jwmation. — Ontario ; Corniferous limestone. CvATHOPHYLLUM Anna, Whitfield. (Sp.) Ci/nthophiilliim (AcenvlnriaJ DavklHoni. WhitcavfH. 187!>. Rep. of I'ro.Ti hh fur 1K77-78 (i'ol, .surviy eiici'ri in many essential points, but more particuhuly in having a well marked tabulate area into which the septa do not extend. Localities. — Woodstock, Ont., A. Murray, 1866, Corniferous format ion. Long Portage of the Missinaibi River, Jl. Bell, 1877, Lake .Manitoba, on tht" east side of the Narrows, J. B. Tyrrell, 1888, and Dawson Bay, Lake Winnipegosis, J. B. Tyrrell, 1889; Devonian (American Stringocpphalus zone). The specimens from these localities are beautifully preserved and show almost every detail of structure. CyATHOPIIVLIAIM QUAOnKiEMINUM, (loldfuss. Plate XII., figs. 6 and 7, In, lb. Ciiathopkyllum qiucilri'ifininitm, (ioldfuNH, 182U. IVtn'faoU (JcrmaiMii', vol, i.,\>. HK, pi XVni., HgH. Oi, (HMiiid 1)1. XIX., Hkh. 1((, V>. 'I " Milne- Kdwivrds and Haiiiin. 1851. Piilyp. Fohb. iIo.k ''ViT. Palieoz., \). 38;i. CuathophjiUum arclivum, Me«k, 18CH. Trans. Chicago Acad, of Scionccs, vol. I., p. 7'.>, pi. XI., figH. 8, 8.1, Hh. CfmlhophiiUwa quadrioeminwii, Freeh, 188(). Die Cyathophylliden und /.aphrintiden des d('iitf.clu'n Mittpldt-von, (Palicoiitol, Abhandl.' Damps \nid Kayser, vol. III.) p. 72, pi. III. (XV.) tigM. I, lu. C.vuthuphiillum nrctieifin, \Vliit<>avun, 1891. Contr. to Can. I'alii-on., vol. I., pt. III., p.li)!). lleprteiented in the collection by two well preserved specimens that show the general form of the corallum ; collected by 11. (}. MtOonnell in 1888 at the " Ramparts " on the Mackenzie River ; Devonian (Cuboidcs zone). These two specimens may be descril)ed as follows : -corallum made up of intimately connected, polygonal, geneially hexagonal tubes that diverge from a single basal corallite, the increase being apparently only by interstitial gemmation, and form small musses, convex above and obtusely pointed bslow ; larger specimen 8 cent, in breadth and 5 cent, in height. Calyces on the upper convex surface. Lower surface covered by a protecting epitheca striated by roughly concentric lines of growth. Corallit€s unequal in size, varying in diameter from abi>ut 9 to 16 mm. in the larger specimen und from 5 or 6 to 10 mm. in the other. In trans- '(( ')/ i ■ ■ f ll r>«i (f^ '"ail ! 'r I i. I [^!: 154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY. verse sections the line of division between the walls of adjacent corallioes 18 well shown. Calyces moderately deep, their depth being about equal to or somewhat more than half their diameter, flat at the botttom, their sides steep with well defined septa of two sizes, the larger of which reach the middle of the bottom ; marginal junction of contiguous calyces sharply angular. Septa from thirty to fifty in number, alternately long and short, the longer extending to the centre, the others less than half that length, carinated on their sides. Tabuho about one-half the width of the diameter of the eorallite, flat or concave, irregular inclined to become vesiculous, bounded exteriorly by a narrow zone of rather small, outwardly ascending, curved dissepiments between the septa. In describing C. arclicum, from the Mackenzie River basin Meek notices the resemblance of his specimens to C. qnadrigeminum, Goldfuss. In the figures of C. qnadrigeminum in the Petrefacta Germania. two sizes of septa are clearly shown as well as both interstitial and calycinal gemmation. Genus Cke^idophvllum, Nicholson and Thompson. 1876. 0>cp,^ and Thompson. ]87(i. Proc. Royal Sex,. Edinburgh, vol. Corallum aggregate, formed of cylindrical corallites that grow upward close together or touching each other, or else connected by periodic ex- pansions constituting a series of horizontal floors. Increase by mar-inal cahcinal gemmation. Epitheca complete. Septa well developed, stro^ngly carinated, the inner ends of the primaries combining to form a narrow axial tube which is sometimes open longitudinally on the side of the septal fossette. Tabuhe confined to the central tubular area. Vesicu!-ir zone broad, surrounding the tabulate area. Type species.— C. {Diphyphyllnm) Archiaci, Billings. Range. — Devonian. Cbepidophvllum Archiaci, Billings. (Sp.) Plate XIII., figs. 1, la. Diphi„,kyllum Archiaci, Billings. 18(iO. Canadian Journal, new series, vol. V., p. 260, hg. 8. HeliophyUam sul.c^.pitosum, Nicholson. 1874. Geological Magazine, new seriPH vol n •. . „ ........ ^•' ''• ^' '■'• ^^•' ^^- " : '"'^' I''*'*""- »f Ont- P- 27, fig. 6. Diphi/pkidlnm Archiam, SKholHon. 1875. Palreon. of Ont.. p. 74, fig. 41 ^"■"'"g"- 1«7C. Oeol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 125. pi. XLVII., upper row and right half of lower row. L.EONTOLOGY. ] CANADIAN PALAEOZOIC CORALS. 16& walls of adjacent corallites V depth being about equal p, flat at the botttom, their 3. the larger of which reach ion of contiguous calyces n number, alternately long e, the others less than half )ul)c about one-half the lat or concave, irregular, riorly by a narrow zone of lissepiments between the :cnzie River basin. Meek to C. (inadrigemiHum, inum in the Petrefacta as well as both interstitial Thompson. 1876. )c. Royal S(K). Ediiilmrgh, vol. allites that grow upward jonnected by periodic ex- 8. Increase by marginal a well developed, strongly ibining to form a narrow ly on the side of the septal lar area. Vesicu!>i,r zone Corallum aggregate, made up of cylindrical stems that proceed upward from an initial, basal corallite and by lateral calicular gemmation form large explanute masses somewhat Hat above and irregularly convex below ; the largest specimen seen measuring 23 cent, across and nearly 10 cent, high at the centre. Corallites touching each other or separ- ated by spaces generally le.ss than their half diameters, usually somewhat flexuous, with not very pronounced annular constrictions and growth- swellings at unequal intervals, furnished with a complete epitheca exhib- iting fine transverse lines and longitudinal septal furrows ; varying in diameter from 5 to 20 mm., with an average diameter of about 15 mm. The young corallites rapidly reach a mature size ; they appear to proceed from expansions or outgrowths of the side of the parent stem that repre- sent lateral extensions of former calyces. Septa about fifty-two in num- ber in average sized corallites, of two size.s, alternating with each other, the larger of which by the union of their inner edges forming a wall that encloses a narrow axial tabulate area as in Crepidophyllum colligatum, whilst the shorter are only two-thirds as long. Their sidts bear arched cariniv that curve upward and inward from the outer wall and appear on the free edges of the septa in the calyx as small tiansverse teeth. Tabu- late area, cylindrical, varying in diameter from a little less than 2 to 4 mm , with fretjuently a gap in the inner wall indicating the position of the septal fosette. Tabula' flat, horizontal, about six occurring in a space of 5 mm. Interseptal spaces, as far inward as the inner edges of the sec- ondary septa, filled with outwaiiily ascending rows of small vesicles. Calyces shallow, flat at the centre where the upper end of the inner wall is visible, their sides at first rapidly ascending, then spreading horizon- tally at the margin. Locality and Jormations. —Abundant in the Hamilton formation of Ontario, less common in the Corniferous limestone of the same province. Billings. Crepidophyllum COLLIGATUM, Billings. (Sp.) illings. (Sp.) I. lal, new series, vol. V., p. 260, il Magaziiip, new Beiies, vol. Palwon. of Ont., p. 27, fig. 5. It., p. 74, fig. 41. ich., Fobs. Ccrals, p. 125, pi. f of lower row. Plate XIII., figs. 2, 2o, 26. HaiophiiUumeoUiuatum,'\M\\mgs. i»m. Canadian .Journal, new series, vol. IV, p. 120. Nicholson. 1874. Palieon. of Ont., p. 28, pi, V., figs. 3, 3a. 2)i>)/i!/pAi/««»i coWt£Ki<«m, Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur. Mich., Fobs. Corals p 126 pi XXXVIII., fig. 3. ' Corallum compound, made up of straight, subparallel, cylindrical coral- lites that radiate from a single initial corallite and by rapid gemmation form large explanate masses that attain a breadth of over 30 cent, and a height or thickness of about 23 cent, the upper surface being slightly convex and the basal surface rather flat. Corallites periodically and ab- i ?:i f .i'.hA ? •* 166 CONTRIDUTIONS TO CANADIAN HAL/EONTOLOGY. ruptly expanded at corresponding levels, the expansions, generally concave- \y curved below and flat above, meeting in polygonal outlines and forming a succession of continuous level floors one above the other, representing a repetition of calicular extensions, between which the cylindrical unex panded parts are separated from each other by spaces generally less in width than, although sometimes equal to or exceeding, the half diameters of the cylindrical parts. The distance apart of the horizontal floors is moderately constant in the same individual, but variable in diflFerent specimens ; in one specimen as many as sixteen occur in a space of 5 cent., in another only three or four are observed in the same distance, the average number being eight or ten in 5 cent. Average breadth ot cylindri^;al parts of corallites about 9 mm., that of the expansions about 12 mm., the difference, however, between the unexpanded and the expanded parts is often much greater in some specimens, the latter reaching a breadth at times of over 2-5 cent, with a breadth in the former of about 10 mm. The whole of the exposed surface of the corallites is covered by a strong epitheca marked by fine annular sculpture lines, about 12 in a space of 2 mm., as well as by occasional slight but distinct growth swellings or constrictions and longitudinal, narrow septal furrows. The thin edges of the expansions of adjacent corallites not entirely coalescent but separated from each other by a thin wall which is evidently the upward extension of the epitheca. Calyces circular, rather shallow with horizontally expand- ed margins slightly raised above the surrounding floor, flat at the bottom where the inner wall with its enclosed upper tal)ulum appears. Septa from about fifty to sixty in number, of two alternating sizes, the longer not passing to the centre of the visceral chamber but by the union of their inner edges forming a wall that encloses the central tubular area, 3 or 4 mm. in width, holding horizontal tabuhw of which there are nine or ten in a space of 5 mm. ; the shorter septa fall short of the inner wall. The septa extend outward through the expansions but are not conflu- ent with those of contiguous corallites ; throughout they are decorated on their side faces by close-set, obliquely and inwardly ascending carintv, from about six to ten in the space of 2 mm., that appear on their free edges in the cup as minute transverse bars or denticulations. Small dis- sepiments curving convexly upward and outward occupy the interseptal spaces between the inner ends of the secondary septa and the outer wall. Pore-like openings, similar to those observed in the different species of Phillipsastrtm, are here also found in the dissepiments. Increase by lateral calicular gemmation, the buds appearing as if springing from the floor be- tween the corallites. Locality and formation. Ontario. -Abundant in the Corniferous limestone of «ONTOLOGY. msions, generally concnve- onal outlines and forming the other, representing ich the cylindrical unex- spaces generally less in "eding, the half diameters ■ the horizontal Hoors is but variable in diflFerent Ben occur in a space of ved in the same distance, ent. Average breadth oi: )f the expansions about 1 2 panded and the expanded ) latter reaching a breadth 3 former of about 10 mm. js is covered by a strong about 12 in a space of Inct growth swellings or rrows. The thin edges of r coalescent but separated y the upward extension of ifith horizontally expand- ; floor, flat at the bottom abulum appears. Septa mating sizes, the longer er but by the union of le central tubular area, 3 which there are nine or short of the inner wall, sions but are not conflu- liout they are decorated wardly ascending carina^, lat appear on their free nticulations. Small dis- l occupy the interseptal septa and the outer wall. the different species of lents. Increase by lateral ringing from the floor be- I!orniferous limestone of CANADIAN PALiGOZOIC CORALS. Genu? DiPHYPHYLLUM, Lonsdale. 1845. 157 Diphiftthiillum, Lonsdale. 1845. MiircluHon'H (Joology of RushIii in Iiuro|H', noI. I., I>. (J22. Eriilophi/llum, Mihie-Edwards and Haimu. IS.W. Brit. Fosa. Corals, \>. Ixxi. Diplophvlhim, Hall, 1852. I'alieon. New York, vol. II., p. 115. Coralluni aggregate, composed of upright, aubparallel, cylindrical cor- allites with intervals between them, usually equal to or less than their diameters and generally united by lateral, thorn-like, mural outgrowths. Increase by lateral budding. Epitheca complete. Septa lamellar, straight, their sides generally carinated, of two ordeis alternating, the primaries seldom reaching the centre. Dissepiments small, regular, arching con- vexly upward end outward against the wall in the interseptal loculi, usually in a single but sometimes in a double series. Tabuhe numerous, broad, stretching across the visceral chamber inside the dissepimental zone, generally slightly deflected at the edge. No columella. No inner wall. Type siK'cif's. — D. roiirinnum, Lonsdale. Range. — Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous. This genus differs from that of Cyathophylluin principally in its man- ner of gemmation, in having lateral strengthening processes, in the greater development of the tabula;, and in having the dissepiments in one or two series only. From Crepidophyllum it is distinguished primarily by uhe ab.sence of an inner wall and in having proportionately larger tabuhe and a .smaller dissepimental area. The thorn-like spurs thrown out horizontally so as to reach or clasp adjacent corallitos do not connect the visceral chamber of one corallite with that of another, as in the genus Syringopora, but serve as external supports to the oorallites to strengthen the growth of the corallum. In transverse sections of the corallites the cut edges of the regular and equal sized dissepiments, when occurring in a single series, have the ap- pearance of a second wall placed a short distance within the wall proper. A second mural investment, however, such as is found in Crepido]}/iyUum, does not in reality exist. I DiPHYPHYLLUM RUOosuM, Milne-Edwards and Haime. (Sp.) Eriduphi/llum? rugosum, Milne-Edwards and Haiine. 1851. Polyp. Foas. des Terr. Palaioz., p. 42,">, pi. 10, figs. 4, 4a, 4b. Diphiiphijllum rugomm, Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 121, pi. XLV., fig. 2. Two specimens from the Niagara formation of Ontario are doubtfully referred to this species. Their corallites are larger (averaging i^bout 8 y ^^ft WW H ' i'i tm I. 'A ': n I ! ■ ; M' :il 'i i! 1:1 168 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY. mm. .u thickness) than .hose figured by Milne-Edwards and Haime, with whicli they agree, however, in their manner of increase, viz. gemmation from tho sides or from the connecting processes. According to Dr. Rom- inii::!- the increase is by prolific calycinal budding, a feature not shown by i -) Ontario specimens, which, nevertheless, correspond in other particu- lars with Rominger's description and figure of specimens iwrr, the iNTiaij- ara group of Indiana and Kentucky. Localities.— One specimen from Cabot's Head, Georgi lu hav, collected by A.Murray: another from the county of Grey, towr,,,hip of St, Vin- cent, lot 28, concession 9, collected by A. S. Corurane in id85. Niaaara group. DlPIIVPHYLi L.v, C«SPI,OF\);,i, Hall. (Sp.) Plate XIII., figs. 3, 3a, 3b. DiplophiiHum canpitOKum, Cyathof New York, vol. II., p. in?, .J. Hall. 18,52. PaliBon. 32, figs. la-r. :»n pelagioum, Bmings. 18(i2. Palceoz. Foss., vol I., ],. 10«. BiDinps 18(i(>. Cat. Sil. Fosa. of Anticosti, p. 34. Diph,iph,ih •>.... cviif.;'.,i,,u Xic!i.ji,-.)n. 1875. Palieon. of Ont., p. 59. Lambe. 18!)!). Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII., p. 240. "Corallun ^^iji-g.ue composed of upright, slender, flexuous, cylindri- cal couiUitfcs increasing by lateral gemmation and forming large colonies. Corailite.^ varying in diameter from about 5 to 8 mm., fVoquently touch- ing each other, covered by an epitheca marked annulariv by fine growth lines and longitudinally by faint septal stride. Septa of l.vo sizes alter- nating with each other, the primaries almost reaching (he centre, the secondaries about half the length of the primaries, averagina in number, acconiing to the size of the coralHte, from about forty to fifty in all! Dissepiments arching upward, between the septa, against the outside wall, generally in a single series, their cut edges, as seen in trans- verse section, assuming the appearance of an inner wall situate less than 1 mm. from the wall proper. Tabuhe large, numerous, stretching across the visceral chamber so as to reach the dissepimentai zone on either side, flatorslightly concave at the centre, deflected downward near the peri- phery, about ten occurring in a space of 5 mm. " Locality.— ^ticscie River Bay, Anticosti, division II., Anticosti group, collected by J. Richardson in lM,5fi ; according to Billings the colonies measure from 6 to 15 inches in diameter. " Professor Nicholson mentions this species as occurring abundantly and in large masses in the Niagara limestone of Thorold, Ont. (op cit. p. 59)." (Lambe, 1899.) ONTOLOGY. [wards and Haime, with crease, viz. gemmation According to Dr. Rom- a feature not shown by spond in other particu- aoimens tVoir, tiia iNfiag- GeorgiiVi Bav, collected By, tow:; ;}ii(.. of Sf;, Vin- rane ir; ! ibo. Niagara 1. (Sp.) ork. vui. II,, p. Ui:, ,,1. >\ I., 1- 106. Anticosti, p. 34. t., p. 69. t, vol. XII., p. 240. idai', flexuous, cylindri- forijiing large colonies, nm., frequently touch- nulany by fine growth ita of I'vo sizes alter- aching the centre, the averagina in number, it forty to fifty in all. I, against the outside ;es, as seen in trans- wall situate less than ous, stretching across al zone on either side, award near the peri- n II., Anticosti group, Billings the colonies )ccurring abundantly Thorold, Ont. (op. UMM- CANADIAN PAIi^OZOIC C0RAI,S. 159 DiPFIYPHYLLUM MULTICAULE, Hail. (Sp.) Plate XIII., figs. 4, 4a, 4b, Ic. iliriiiyoporarmulticaulU, Hall. 1852. I'ulmm. New York, vol. 11, p. ll'J, pi. 33, tiga 3a.g irtdophidlum Vennori, BilliiiBH, 1805. Canadian Naturalist, nt w scripH, vol 11 p 43l' r>iph!lpky^lu,amultica,^le,}^AJUm^^n■.mQ.(J,^,o\. Sur. Midi., Fos«. Coraln, p 121 pi" Q 45., fiKs. 3and4. '§^ " " Lambe. 180!). Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII., p. 241. "Corallum composed of upright, subparallel, cylitKlrical corallites, from jJibout 2-5 to 5 ram., in thickness, that increase by Uteral budding and i )rm colonies sometimes over 12 cent, high and exceeding 10 cent, across. |!orallites slender, flexuous, separated from each other by spaces equal to r le.ss than their own diameters, connected at irregular and frecjuent -tervals by horizontal acanthifom outgrowths or lateral spurs that are all appearances not solid but show traces of vesie-jlar structure within. lepta numbering from about thirty-two to thirty-eight in average sized lorallites, alternately long and short, the longer passing to the centre, jhe shorter reaching about half way. Curved dissopiraents in the outer 'lart of the interseptal .spaces in a single or sometimes apparently in a louble series. Tabula' close-set, about twenty in a space of 5 mm., de- lected downward at their margins, diflicult to make out in the silicified imens examined. Epitheca well developed, showing faint annular larkings and longitudinal septal Unes. "The corallites of this species are more slender than those of the pre- seding, and the septa are less numerous". (Lambe, 1899.) Localities.— GT&nd Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, Alexander Murray, 847 ; half a mile north west of Portage Bay, Lake Manitou, Grand Hanitoulin Island, R. Bell and H. G. Vennor, 1865 (type of Eridophyl- urn Vennori, Clinton formation \ ; Fossil Hill, Grand Manitoulin Island, Townsend, 1883 ; one and a half mile south-east of South Bay, Grand Hanitoulin Island, R. Bell, 1891. Niagara group. DiPHYPHYLLUM Verneuilanum, Milne-Edwards and Haime. (Sp.) Plate XIII., figs. 5, 5a, .'56. ^ridophf/Hum Verneuilanum, Milne-Edwards and Haime. 1851. Polyp. Foss. des. Terr. ' PaliBO/,., p. 424, pi. 8., figs. 6, Cm. " " BillinffH. 1859. Canadian .Tournal, new series, vol IV u 131, Hg. 2tl " " Nicholson. 1874. Palteon, of Ont., i). 35, figs. 7a, 5, c. " " Nicholson. 18".'). Geol. Surv. of Ohio, part II,. p. 239. Corallum composed of an aggregation of large, upright, flexuous, often liuch geniculated corallites, that increase by lateral gemmation and are //^I (3 1 1 1 j 1 1 i ' 1 I i ; : *l ■ •^ ; ■'.: 160 CONTHIbUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL^.0NTOL0OV. connected and held together by numerous strong, robust, lateral out growths. Corallites seldom much more than their thicknens apart, varying in diameter from about 7 to 14 mm., often exhibiting strongly marked an nular awellings and constrictions at irregular intervals, frequently coming,' in contact and growing together without the intervention of connecting processes. Outer surface consisting of an epithecal covering with, as in other species of the genus, faint transverse growth lines and regular longitudinal linear depressions indicating the position of the septa. Sep- ta strongly oarinated, numbering from about forty-five to sixty, of two alternating lengths, the primaries reaching little more than half-way to the centre, the secondaries about two-thirds the length of the primaries. Tabuliw broad, flat, directly transverse, about six to ten in a space of 5 mm. Vesicles in two or three, generally two rows in the interseptal spaces between the tabulw and the wall. According to Billings the coralla reach a width of from 2 to .3 feet. D. Verneuilannm has lar;;er and more robust corallites than the other species of Dlphyphyllum referred to here as occurring in the Silurian and Devonian rocks of Canada. Locality and formation. — Common in the Corniferous limestone of Ontario. DiPHYPHYLLUM STRicTUM, M ilne-Edwards and Haime. (Sp.) Eridophyllum atrictum. Milne- Kd wards and Haimp. 1851. I\)lyp. Foss. des Terr. Palieox., i>. 424, pi.. 8, fig, 7. " " BillingH. 18.59. Canadian Journal, new series, vol. IV., p. 133. " " ^"ioholson. 1875, (ieol. iSurv. of Ohio, pt. II., p. 238andPalao,i. of Ont., p. 74. A specimen from the Corniferous formation collected by A. Murray and referred by Mr. Billings in 1859 to this species may be described as follows ;— Corallites subparallel, slightly flexuous, separated from each other by spaces on an average rather less than half their diameters in width, from about 4 to 12 mm. thick, with numerous alternating sharp annular swellings and constrictions, and developing rather feeble con- necting processes. Increase by lateral gemmation, the young corallites springing from the upper surface of the connecting processes and growing upward parallel to the parent corallites, frequently for some distance with little increase in size. Septa, with arched carinse on their sides, about fifty in number in adult corallites, of almost equal length, reaching half way to the centre where they abut against the tabulre. Dissepiments small, regular, entirely filling the interseptal spaces. Tabula; flat or con- cave, often turned up at their margins, from four to ten occurring in a space of 5 mm. Epitheca showing fine transverse growth lines and longi- tudinal septal markings. Both in transverse and longitudinal sections T uEONTOLOOV. iroHg, robust, lateral out ir tliicknesa apart, varyin;,' biting strongly marked an tervals, frequently cominj,' itervention of connecting ocal covering with, as in growth linen and regular Dsition of the septa. Sep- "orty-five to sixty, of two le more than half-way to I length of the primaries. X to ten in a space of 5 ) rows in the interseptal According to Billings the b corallites than the other arring in the Silurian and Oorniferous limestone of I and Haime. (Sp.) )1. Polyp. F088. des Terr. xl, new series, vol. IV., p. 133. bio, pt. II., p. 238 and Palaeoa. collected by A. Murray jcies may be described as )us, separated from each 1 half their diameters in merous alternating sharp loping rather feeble con- ;ion, the young corallites ng processes and growing tly for some distance with nie on their sides, about lal length, reaching half e tabulfe. Dissepiments .oes. Tabulae flat or con- ur to ten occurring in a se growth lines and longi- md longitudinal sections UUIll ] CANADIAN PAL/EOZOIC CORALS. ini g (i of the corallites, the sharp division between the septal area and the 5 enclosed tabulate area is noticeable, especially in transverse sections, where the cut edges of the innermost dissepiments often assume the appearance of an inner wall, which, however, is apparently not present. The single specimen in the collection has corallites in which the vesicu- lar area is rather larger than ia usual in Diphyphyllum, a development suggestive of an approach to CyathophyUum, to which genus, however this coral cannot properly be referred, on account of its mode of growth and increase ; it shows affinities to both the genera Diphyphyllum and C'repidophyllum, but is precluded from the latter by the apparent absence lofan inner wall. Additional material would doubtless throw lighten jthe inner structure of this coral and determine its generic and specific j affinities with more certainty. Locality and formation.— The fragment from near Woodstock, Ontario, [referred to by E. Billings; Corniferous limestone. Diphyphyllum Simcoense, Billings. Plate XIII., figs. 6, 6a, 66. (Sp.) tEridophpUum Simcoense, BiliingB. 1859. Canadian Journal, new series, vol. IV 1.132 I fig. 27. WDipkyphyllum itraminewn, Billings. 1859. Ibid, p. 1.35. I " " Nicholson. 1874. Palwon. of Ont., p. 33, pi. V., fig, fi. tEriihphi/llum. Simcoense, Nicholson. 1874. Ibid, p. 34, pi. VI., fig. 5, iDiphyphi/Hum Simcoense, Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur. Mich.,' Foss. Corals, p. 122, I pi. XLVI., figs. 3 and 4. iAmplexus or Diphi/phyllum, Whiteavea. 1892. Contr. to Can. Palajon., vol. T pt IV I p. 270, pi. XXXV., figs. 2, 2a. '' ' '' \Diphijphyllum Simcoense, Lambe. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII., p. 242. ' Corallum bushy, composed of flexuous, cylindrical corallites radiating lupward from a small basal beginning and rapidly increasing by lateral Jbudding so as to form colonies at times 25 cent, high and equally broad. ICorallites varying in diameter from 3 to 6 or 7 mm. frequently roughened %y annular swellings of growth and constrictions, covered by an epitheca showing minor growth markings and longitudinal septal furrow.s. There p a marked variation in different colonies in the number of horizontal spurs connecting the corallites : in some specimens they are numerous, from about 2 to 4 mm. apart vertically, springing outward from all sides lof the corallites, in others they occur at less frequent intervals, whilst in jfiome they appear to be almost absent. Septa short, bearing arched jcarinte on their sides, divisable into two sizes, primaries and secondaries, Tiumbering in all from about thirty to forty, the primaries seldom reaching Ihalf-way to the centre of the visceral chamber, the secondaries very short, L — 5 . "ll 169 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL^ONTOLOOY. projecting but l.ttlo inside of the single row of curved dissepiments in the inter80[,Ul space.. In transverse sections of the corallites the dianepi- inents have the appearance of an inner wall al.out -5 mm. distant from the wail proper, as in thfi .Silurian spwies D. cvspxtomm, Hall. Tabulw well developed, flat, horizontal, bent slightly down at their edges; from ten to fifteen in a sjiace of 5 mm. "This spr.ies is SOUK „ ,,„„!„,, i„ ;i& \ni^rr^^^ structure, to D ccBspitosum, Hall, from v. hicn it diif^rs principally in having shorter and less numerous septa. "The coral fruu, the Devonian (American Stringocephalus zone) of r>aw.son Bay and vicinity, Lake Winnipegosis, described by Dr Whit- eaves (op. cit, pj, -270 and 271), and referred to by him as bearing 'a remarkably close resemblance in size, ^h--^ ■ .■ internal structure' to ^theD.,>UyphyUHm slramxninm of ..uings.' is here referred to D Simcoens,, with which the writer considers D. stramineum to h.^ con- specific a view alrea,ly expressed by Dr. Rom.nger in his excellent work on fossil corals." (Lambe, 1899.) Locallu; and /ormation.-Ahund^nt in the Corniferous limestone of Ontario. DlPUVi'llVLLUM ARUNDINAf RUM, Billings. Plate XIV.. figs. 1, la, IJ. Diphyphyllum arun.Unaceum. Billing,. 185!.. Canadian Journal, new serien. vol. IV 1 1. \'M. ^. .", , ,„, " Nicholson. 1874. Palwon. of Ont., p. 32, pi. VI fi,, 1 I>.pkypk,num-^) oornv^re JJ.arundnu.ceun. and D. strarau.a.a; mUn,l. Whitlave;. 1877. Vrp. of Progress for 1875-;0, (Jeol. Survey of Canada, p. 102. Found in large colr.nies of long, fiexuous, cyimdrical corallites, that vary in diameter from 6 to 10 mm. and are separated from -ach other by spaces equal to or less tban their diameters. Of the mode u, un.ease and of the size attained by the coralla, Mr. Billings, in his original description of the species, says:-" The young corallite,^ sometime.s spring from the side of the parent, with . slender base, and , ving upw rd.s immediately become parallel with the. ,f the whole group. In large colonies frequent instances may be .seen whore, instead of this lateral budding, a bifurcation takes place, both branches be'np of the same size. In largp -roups owing to the numerous a.l lions „i >..ung, the cor tes diverge slightly, as if radiating from a point. The colonies are from six inches to seve' .' feet m diameter, and large blocks of stone are of f,c ..ent occurrence, which are penetrated at right angles to the stratification by the olosely crowded stems. Corallites free from sudden r .ict; ,, provided witl =. well- '. OLOr.Y. ■ved dissepiments in conillites the di8.sepi- 5 mm. distant from mm, Hall. Tabuloj t their edges ; from nl structurp, to D. Iiaving shorter and gocephalus zone) of ril>ed by Dr. Whit- by him Jis bearing internal structure ' lere inferred to D. minenin to lj»i con- hia excellent work ftirous limestone of >.] CANADIAN PALAIOZOIC COIIALH 168 1, new series, vol. IV., , p. 32, pi. VI., fig. 1. HillingH. Wliiteaves. f Canada, p. lOL'. cal corallites, that :rom 'ach other by jde ui iiii'i'ease and iriginal description >s spring from the T. rds immediately, e colonies frequent ding, a bifurcation argp groups, owing ergc slightly, as if les to seve- il feet occurrence, whitli le 'losely crowded vided will' h well- developed epitheca, with slight annular growth linr d .trongly marked septal furrows. Lateral connecting spurs short, d.> ant, developed only when the corallites by their flexions are brought almost into contact with each other. Septa well developed, numbering from alnjut forty to sixty cannated on their ..ides, alt, rnatdy long and short, the longer not quite reaching the centre of the visceral chamber, the shorter about half the length of the primaries. Vesicles small, formed by regular curved dissepiment, in two rows, occupying the interseptal spa.os near the wall. Tabula, broad, flat or concave at the centre, deflected downward near the iii^irgin, from about five to eight in a space of 5 mm. LocalitieBandJoTmation—Covmievon^ limestone of Ontario ; also a loose specimen from Peace River, B.C., between Fo.,sil Point and the Carton of the Mountain of Rocks, collected by Professor John Macnun in 1875 (Devonian). Genua Acervulahia, Schweigger. 1820. Acervulari'i, Schweigger. 1820. Handb. der Naturg., i-. 418. "Corallum, composite, fasciculate or moro often massive; increasing bycahciilar gemmation. Corallites with two distinct walls as in ^u/o- phyllum. Septa well developed between the two walls but much less so m the central area. No columella. Tabula- little devi-loped." (Milne- Edwards and 11 aime; IMypiers Fossiles). Type species. A. Ra-meri, Milne Edwards and Haime. Sany',. — Silurian and Devonian. This^-^ isdiffe. from Phillipsastro'a and Pachyphyllurn principally m having the limits uf individual corallites defined by distinct walls whdst the in . mural inveatme.^t distinguishes it from the composite forms of Cij aaophyllum. AoERvuLAR aRAciLis, BiUings. (Sp.) Plate XIV., figs. 2, 2a. Strombodea gracilis, Billings. 1805. Acervulana e made out with sulHcient clearneHs to giv« the following data :-Corallum astru-iform, mado up of polygonal corallites from 3 to 7 mm. in diamot.-r, with deep , .lyces that join each other in Hharpedge.l outlines and that have steep sloping sides and a rounded boss, roughly 2 mm. in breadth at the bottom. Each coralliteis contained withm Its own walls fro, which spring lamellar vertieal septa, whose free edges are mmJeratei , conspicuous in the calyces. Septa, numbering from about thirty to forty, alternately long and short, the former con- tinued to th. .mtre, where they are twisted, the latter about one-half or slightly more than one-half, the length of the former. Dissepiments con /ex, arching evenly upward and outward, and filling the interseptal loculi m a ircumferential area whose breadth is equal to the length of the secondary fepta, or about one-fourth the diameter of the corallite. Within the t.uter area is a zone of dissepiments or vesicles that rise up- ward toward the centre and, in combination with the proximal ends of the primary septa, form a aubvesicular mass that appears at the Ijottom of the calyx as a rounded projection. " The presence of eontinuocs vertical septa, such as the above, in cor- alli es that are enclosed by definite walls, makes clear the necessity of removing the species represented by this specimen from the genus Ar- achnophyllumiSlrombodes); although som. details of structure are ob- scured by crystallization, yet sufficient characters are preserved to sug- gest affinities to Acervularia to which gen s this species is for the present assigned." (Lambe, 1899.) Zoc«Zi. 418, 1)1. IX., figs. 4, 4a, Ah. ' Acervularia Davidmni?, Hall. 1858. Rep. Geol. Surv. of Iowa, vol. I., nt IF n 47fl pi. I., figH 8a. 86. .P.xi., p. «/o, Acervularia DavUlaoni, Nicholson. 1875. Geol. Surv. of Ohio, vol. II., pt. II., p. 240. Original description.—" Polypier astreiforme, k surface subplane, som- mets des polypidrites en polygones un peu indgaux et un peu irrdguliers, dont les cdtes sont un peu en zigzag. Murailles int<$rieure8 peu distinctes au' NTOLOnV. reprpienti about one- ipecif N in the oollcciiou. sll Hs might bfl cleMired, al anil truiisvcrie seo- t clearncNH to giv« the )f fiolygonal corallites, th/it join each other In f sidt'H and a rounded h corailite is contained ' vertical septa, whose B8. Septa, numbering short, tho former con- attcr about one-half, 'ormer. DissepimentH fiUini^ the intorseptal equal to the length of leter of the corailite. V V(!8icle8 that rise up- the proximal ends of jpears at the bottom aM the above, in cor- lear the necessity of from the genus Ar- I of structure are ob- aro preserved to sug- scies is for the present nd, Lake Huron, col- ] CA^fADIA^^ PAI,iK07,OI0 rORAU, 100 I dehors, et IndlqutW par un bourrelet cirrulaire peu prononcd qui oircon- •crit un calice un peu profond etdont le diam.tre fait k pou pn'-s la moiti.4 de la grande diagonale des polygenes. I'ne (|u.iruntaine de rayons cloi- •onnaires, miiwm, droits, ([ui cominoncent a la muraille t1pith, la muraille inttirieure cHt bien prononcre. I^s traverses sont serroos „Iy,,. |,-,„, ^^^ j. Viihvr/.., p. 117, |,1. 10, (iff. 5. MilliiiKH. 1851). Caimdian.lournal, n,3W8,.ri..H, vol. IV n 127 finr. -I, " ' ■ ' PhiVipsaatrea affni,,, IJilliiiBH. 1874. Vlwm. Fohh., vol. 11.. pt. I, p 11 PhillipMstnra Verneuili, Nicliolsoii. 187,-.. Paliuon. of Out., p "8 " "' x'^vl^Vr'" """"■ "^''' ' *'""'• ''"""• "■ '27. Pl. WhitravPH. 1879. K,.p. of Progr^HS for 1877-78, Gool. Survey of Canada, p. So. ■' Laiiil.... iHi);). Ottawa Natuialist, vol. XII., p. 250. "Corallum forming largo disc0id.1l masses over 30 cent broad and 8 cent thick or high, upper surface flat, lower surface irregular, strongly n.arke.l by concentric foldings or wrinkles of growth and covered by an epitheca. Septa numbering from about thirty to forty-six. Corallites varying in diameter from 10 to 16 mm. Central pit of the calices from 3 to 5 mm. in diameter. In no particular docs this species differ from P. Bilhngsi, excopt in the smaller size of its corallites and in a diminution m the number- of tho septa. In transverse sections and in weathered specimens it is observed that a single row of pore-openings occurs be- tweon each pair of septa, the pores piercing tho dissepiments where thev rest on each other, the distance ..part of the pores in a single row thus depending on the size of the dissepiments. This pore structure which appears not to have been noticed previously in species of this genus and which 18 well shown in some specimens of P. Jiillinysi, in the collection is apparently somewhat analagoua to that which is seen in some species of the genus Arachnophi/Uum. " Localities.-Cormierous fori...ition of Ontario ; Indian Cove Gaspi^ in the Gasp^ limestone, No. 8* (Oriskany formation), collected by R Bell in 1862 ; also three loose specimens from the Devonian area south of Hudson Bay, collected by R, IVII in 1877, at Long Portage. Missinaibi River to Moose Factory. Of the Long Portage specimens one has coral htes of average size, but the other two have corallites and calicinal pits -i^-!!!i^°!!j"!!^'''g5„^^^" ^ ^°"° "^ specimens usu ally assigned to * See refen^nce on p. ILM to tho age of the Gaa\>6 limestone, No. 8. ~ ' J» >NTOI,0(JY. t (lifsepiments and the 1 CANADIAN PAL.fiOZOIO CORALS. 167 rds and Haime. I. I'Dlyp. t'osH. doH Terr, now scricH, vol, IV., p. 127, :. I., p. 11. >. 78. , Fo8H. Corals, p. 127, pi. for 1877-78, Geol. Survey of ol. XII., p. 260. 30 cent, broad and 8 ICO irregular, strongly th and covered by an >forty-six. Corallites )it of the calices from lis species differ from tea and in a diminution ons and in weathered ■e-openings occurs be- sepiments whore they in a single row thus pore structure, which ies of this genus, and 1. • •. I . ., Corallum ccmpounci, forming irregular, depressed subhemispherical masses, commonly convex alxne and obtusely pointed bolow, but some- what varied in shape and subspherical when young ; composed of con- fluent corallites, fiom 5 to 10 mm. in diameter, that terminate above in calyces that have a contral pit surrounded by a raised circular rim, avoragin- about 3 mm. in width and I or 2 mm. high, outside of which is a fhit sunken margin striated by radiating septal ridges of equal size. Increase by marginal calicinal gemmation. Covered below Dy a concentrically wrinkhxl cpitheca. Surface of attachment small. Septa generally confluent with those of neighbouring corallites, carinated on their sides, thickened near the centre of the corallite so as to form a pseudowall that appears at the surface as the raised rim surrounding the central pit, numbering from twenty to nearly forty, of two alternating sizes, the secondaries scarcely projecting past the inner wall beyond which the primaries are attenuated and continued to the centre, whore they are generally twisted. Tabul.f usually well developed, flat, filling the area inside the inner wall and cut into by the primary septa, twelve or four- teen occurring in a space of 5 mm. Diss(>piments rather small, convex, occupying the interseptal sj)aces in the marginal area and arching slightly upward toward the tabuln-. The raided mural rings of the surface show in well preserved specimens a considerable variation in their amount of protrusion, but in worn specimens the general appearance of the surface resembles that of the type .specimen as figured (op. cit.) The septal ridges, although of equal size in the marginal area, become slightly • Ot'ol. Surv. Canada, Contr. Canad. Palieont., vol. I., pt. V., p. ;«i5. ' 168 C0NTHIBUTI0N8 TO CANADIAN PALyEONTOLOGY. d.fferent.ated m passing over the mural rings and conspicuously so in the cln^ "r- "'^ "''' '' *'^ *"*^'" «' "^'°^ *h^ P"-"- only pa s o the centre. Circular pore-..peningH in the dissepiments at their junction with each other, such as are found n other species of the g nus have been recognised in specimens of thi« species also J^^i^s ««rf ^r,«a.io„.._Corniferous limestone of Ontario. Also at ^e following locaht.es in Athabasca and Mackenzie districts from the J. Macoun 1870 , Peace R.ver, seven miles below the mouth of Red R.ve,Mr^W. Oglvie ,.7.5; Hay River, forty miles above L mofth 1889. Ihe largest specimen, one from the Vermilion Falls measures 17 cent, across and is between 8 and 9 cent, high at the centr Meek> type specimen is from the Anderson River, Mackenzie District lat 67' N., long^ 126 W. (Devonian). Also one specimen from th Devonian !f Moose River, Ont., R. Bell, 1895. J^evonian of This species seems to pass by insensible gradations into more robust forms that are with difficulty distinguishable from /', VerneuH Iwne Edwards and Haime, described originally from the Devo^aHf W'^^^^^^^^ am. It also shows a close affinity to R Wood.nani, White from the Devonian of Iowa, which is distinguished from it, however, p;;"! by having much more exsert circular rims surrounding the pi s byTn de!/ t.n of the tabula, near the centre, over which the'primary' sepUdo not" pass, and by an absence of carimu on the septa. P«* ao not Phillip8astr^.a VKRaiLLi, var. exiguum. (Var. nov.) Plate XIV., fig. 7. Contr. to Can. Pateon., vol. I., pt. m. Phiflipiastraa VerriUii, Whiteaves. 1891. p. 205. What is considered a variety of the preceding species is represented by a ew specimens from the Devonian (Cuboides zone) of Hay Riverand Vermilion Falls. The coralla reach a fair size and have co^LIs f rom about 5 to 7 mm. in breadth, but the central pits average only IboutT 5 mm. in diameter, and the .septa vary in number from sfxteen'to twen. The largest specimen, which is slightly convex above and obtusely pointed below, measures over 1 1 cent, in breadth and is 5 cent. high. LocaHties-my River, forty miles above its mouth, Mackenzie District R. G. McConnell, 1887, and Vermilion Falls. Peace River At hi ' District, R. G. McConnell, 1889. * ^^^^^"^^^ ri EONTOLOOY. and conspicuously so in the primaries only pass to spiments at their junction peoies of the genus, have X)ne of Untario. Also at kenzie districts from the ermilion Falls, Professor low the mouth of Red ' miles above its mouth, I Falls, R. G. McConnell, ailion Falls, measures 17 at the centre. Meek's skenzie District, lat. 67° an from the Devonian of itions into more robust om /'. Verneuili, Milne- le Devonian of Wiscon- hnani, White, from the however, principally by ig the pits, by an eleva- te primary septa do not n. (Var. no v.) PalBBon., vol. I., pt. III., species is represented '.one) of Hay River and id have corallites from tverage only about 1 -5 'om sixteen to twenty, e and obtusely pointed cent. high. th, Mackenzie District, ace River, Athabasca ..1 CANADIAN PAL.ffiOZOIC CORALS. Phillipsastr^a BiLLiNOSi, Calvin. 169 PhilUpMttrc,m\mg,. 1859. Canadian Journal, new series, volIV p 128 ^''°''"'*"'"- l^-"^- I'"l«">n.ofOnt.,p.20, pl.IV fies ianri'-.' ,AcrophylluraOneiaaense,T\.om.o. and NicliolHon. 1870. Ann. aLd i^'Lt Hit" I fourth series, vol. XVII., p. 455, I Clmophiillum Oneidaense, Ron.inger. 187ti. Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 109 pi ' XL, upper row. • > i . Corallum simple, conico-cylindrical, pointed below and generally curved for a short distance above the base, at first turbinate then becom- ing cylindrical and often somewhat Hexuous or bent, attaining a length of over 36 cent, and a thickness of about 6 cent. ; one specimen measures 6 cent, in diameter not more than 8 cent, above the base. Annulated by numerous strong and decided wrinkles of growth and provided with an epithecamarked by minor transverse lin.s of growth and longitudinal septal furrows corresponding to the primary and secondary septa beneath. The surface for a distance of 5 or 6 cent, from the base is often decorated by numerous transverse rows of spinous outgrowths up to 2 or 3 mm in length. Calyx deep, with a sharp rim and steep sides, in which the free edges of the septa appear as thin lamelhe surrounding a prominent, conical, twisted boss that rises abruptly from the bottom ; from aboui one-third to nearly one-half the diameter of the coral in depth A nar row fossette is present in the bottom of the cup. Septa numbering from about one hundred in slender specimens, to over one hundred and ninety in large individuals, of two orders, primaries and secondaries, alternating the latter so small as to be almost obsolete, the former strong, cutting the edges of the tabulae, a variable number passing over the tabula, as carina some reaching others falling short of the apex of the central boss and ali partaking of the twist of that prominence. Tabula, well developed, form- li I ;f 176 C0NTHIBUTI0N8 TO CANADIAN PAL.«ONTOI,OQY. ing an inner /.one, in breadth about five seventha of the entire diameter, turned down at the edgos ud raisecJ centrally, in the form of a large cone that appears as the stnking projection in the bottom of the cup. This conical boss i.. f't.m 1 to over 1-5 cent, in lieight, and in twisted in a direction contrary to that of the hands ot a watch wher= viewed from above ; the carina! septa that reacli the apex stand out a> shsiji ridges, giving the cone a rugoae appearance. Surrounding the broad tabulate zone is a narrow vesicular area made up of rather large, convex (Mssopi- ments filling the intersepted spaces and curving upward and outward. Mr. James Thomson and Professor Nicholson included in the genus Acrophyllum, the two species A. Oneidaeme, Billingsj and A. pbiriradiale, Nicholson, although the latter species is stated in the original dcHcription (Palteont. of Ontario, 1874, p. 21) to differ from the former, principally in the absence of un external vesicular area, a structural diflferc ace that would scarcely allow of their being classed in the same genus. The col- lection of corals from the Corniferous formation of Ontario in the posses- sion of the (Jeological 5?urvey at the present time comprises no specimens that agree with the description of A. pi uriradiale, Nicholson. Localities and formation. — Abundant in the Corniferous limestone of Ontario. It has been collected also (loose) in the Devonian area south of James Bay by George Barnston on the Moose River, and on the Albany River near Old Fort Henley ; by R. Bell at the Grand Rapids of the Mattagami River, and on the Moose River, in 1895 ; at Long Portage, Missinaibi River to Moose Factory, by R. Bell, in 1877. Oenus LiTHosTROTioN, Fleming, 1828. LithostrotioK Ki/non.x 182«. BritiHh Animals, p. 508. "Ocral-MOi taaciculate or astriBiform, composed of cylindrical, slender corallites, witii tui epitheca. Columella styliform, compressed laterally ; septa well developed, sometimes reaching the columella. Central part of the corallite crossed by irregular tabuhe, peripheral part occupied by a vesicular endotheca. Carboniferous." (Zittel : Traite de Pal^ontologie. ) Type species. — L. basalti/orme, Fleming. LiTHOSTROTiON Macodni, Lambe. PlateXIV., figs. 11, 11a, 116. Favo8ites-(^), Whiteaves. 1877. Rep. of Progress for 1875-76. Geol. Survey of Can- ada, p. 98. Zithostrotion Macounii, Lambe. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol, XII., p. 220. *' "Corallum astrseiform, composed of long, upright, slightly flexuous, closely packed, distinct, prismatic corallites that have five, six or seven ■0KTOr,OGV. 8 of the entire diameter, r, in the form of a large 1 the bottom of the cup. eight, and \h twisted in a pvatch whet: viewed froai itand out » < shaip ridges, ing the broad tabulate ler large, convex (Mssopi- ng upward and outward. n included in the genun ingH, and A. pluriradiale, \ the original dencription 1 the former, principally itructural difference that a same genus. The col- :)f Ontario in the posses- comprises no specimens ;, Nichol.son. Corniferoua limestone of Devonian area south of liver, and on the Albany he Grand Rapids of the 1 895 ; at Long Portage, n 1877. 1828. I of cylindrical, slender , compressed laterally; mella. Central part of ral part occupied by a raite de Pal^ontologie.) ibe. b. -76. Geol. Survey of Can- vol. XII., p. 220. ght, slightly flexuous, have five, six or seven U«N. ] CANADIAN PAt.flOZOIC CORALS. 177 •ir . and average about li mm. in breadth, forming masses evidently of couHidTablo size; reprcHentel by two fragments, the largest of wh is 8 cent hi-h and 6 cent, bn.-^d. The . -t illites are Homewhat irret;.',. marked by de.uiod transverse, often slightly oblique, growth ridges, I •re covered by an epitheca ,'ularly striated lun-itudinally by septal tur- rows Calyces not observed. Septa fron. -ightcen to twenty-two in number, alternately long and short, the former passing to the centre and producing a slender coluMMlla, the latter extending only a .short distmice inward from the wall. Fre,,uently u primary septum instead of pa ing to the centre joins the one next to it at a short .listance from tluit point A i.arrow peripheral area formed of small upwardly and outwardly arching plates in „ne or two cycles surnmnds a broad tabulate inner zone, labulie flat or slightly raised at the centre, where they are crossed by ihe columella, about fifteen occurring in a space of 5 mm. " This species resembles Ltthostrotion {Slylnxis) irregular Coy * from the Carlwniferous limestone of Derbyshire, but the c, .tes are smaller, the septa are le.. numerous and there are fewer rows ,a vesicles » (Lambe, 1899.) ^-nfity.^ I^'ossil Point, Peace River, British Columbia, two fragments 1. obably belonging to ■ sp«.cimen, collected by Professor J. Macoun in 1876 ; Lower Carboniferous. CHONOPHYLLID.E. Genus Omphyma, Rafinesque and Clifford. 1820. Ov,phy,na, Rataenqueand Clifford. 1820. Ann. do« Sci. Phyn. d. lin.xelleB v<,l. 5. ? Pl!,choph,H/um, Milne-EdwardM and Haime. 18.50. IJrit. Fosa. C.rals, p. Ixix. "Single conical polyp cells of cyathopbylloid structure, composed of mvaginated calycinal cups, the bottoms of which have the form of .spacious diaphragms, either smooth or crested by the radial lamelhe uniting in the centre ll.e ascending side walls of the cups are e„circled by lincir crest-hke plications, which connect into uninterrupted vertical lamin.^' within this intermediate area. At the peripheral cup ma, .ins the plica- tions become tent-shaped, embracing one another in their superposition but not always combining with their edges into uninterrupted vertical 17- -If. '"<^^'''^°'«"'»'- '"nterstices are traversed by transverse plates and divided into cellulose spaces, but the dissepiments are not independent vesiculose leaflets ; they make part of the tent-shaped folds of the invagi- nated series of cell cups, and represent the rounded, outwardly directed fle xion of the plicatedjup_walls^ile^he inwardly turned folds are * Brit. PalffiOE. Fossils, 1855, p. 101, pi. 3a, fifj. 5. ~" ' — — - I, — 6 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 14.0 WUU 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 A APPLIED IIVMGE Inc ^P^ 1653 East Moin Street S'^S Rochester, New York U609 USA ''^ (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone ^= (716) 288- 5989 - Fax 178 CONTRIbUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALyEONTOI.OCY. sharply forested. Root like, cylindrical excrescences from the side walls of the polyparia, by which they aro attachi-d to other bodies, are a peculiarity of the different species of Omp/iijma, which, however, are not exclusively so to them, but are also noticed in other forms of the cyatho- phylloid fiunily. As another distinctive character of Omphyma, the development of four septal foveas is mentioned by Milne-Edwards, but they are generally not all equally distinct, while very frequently only one of them is obvious, the others being almost obsolete. The genus Ptychophyllum, described by Milno-Edwards as being or;u'iinized like Choiiophyllmn, differing from it in the twisted converging emls of the radial lamellas forming a central false columella, is likewise in close structural relationship with Omphyma, and in the special case of I'tycho- 2)hyllum Stokesii, I found its alGnity with Oinphyvia verrucosa so great that I altered the name of the first from PtychophijUum to Omfjkyma." (Rorainger). Type specien.—O. (Madrepora) turbinata, Fougt. Range. — Silurian. The genus Ptychophyllum was founded in 1«50, by Milne- Edwards and Haime, with P. Stokesi, from the Niagara of Drummond Island, Lake Huron, as the type species (not P. patellatum, Schloth., sp. as stated by Zittel, in his Traite de Paleontologie, vol. 1, p. 232, French translation). If, as Dr. Rominger asserts, P. Stokesi is really an Omphyma (and he has described it as such) then Ptyclwiihyllum must be regarded as synonymous with Omphyma. Dr. Rominger in describing 0. verrucosa and 0. Stokesi, from Drummond Island, the typical locality of both species, remarks that " it is sometimes difficult to draw a line of distinction between specimens of these two species." The genus Streptelasma, Hall, 1847, is classed by Dr. Lindstrom in his "Index* to the generic names of paheozoic Corals" as a synonym of Ptychophyllum., Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1850, although why, if they are synonymous genera, Ptychophyllum created three years later than Streptelasma, should be retained in preference to Hall's genus is not clear to the writer. However, the Zaphrentoid genus Streptelasma has no affinity wliatever with the Cyathophylloid genus Ptychophyllum. Omphyma verrucosa, Rafinesque and Clifford. Omphiima verrucosa, Rafinesque and Clifford. 1820. Ann. des Sci. Phya de Bruxelles vol. 5., p. 125. ? Coral, Stokes. 1824. Trans. Geol. Soc, second Herien, vol. I., pi. XXIX., fi(f. 1 (on the right). * Bihang till k. sv. vet. akad. handl., band 8, No. !). E0NT0r,O(!Y. ences from the side walls to other bodies, are a , which, however, are not ther forms of the cyatho- acter of Omphyma, the by Millie-Edwards, but lile very frequently only isb obsolete. The genus as being or;,'iinized like converging ends of the ilia, in likewise in close he special case of IHycho- vhyrua verrucosa so great hophylluin to Om\)hyina" ?t. 0, by Milne- Edwards and Druinmond Island, Lake ichloth., sp. as stated by 32, French translation). ly an Omphyma (and he ^ must be regarded as Slokesi, from Drummond rks that " it is sometimes specimens of these two by Dr. Lindstrcim in his )ral8" as a synonym of 0, although why, if they 1 three years later than Hall's genus is not clear lus Streptelasma has no 1 Ptychophyllum. nd Clifford. des Sci. Phys. de Bruxelles, vol. I., pi. XXIX., %. 1 (on IAVU.1 CANADIAN PALAEOZOIC C0KAL8. 179 ,: OmphyiiKt virrucosit, Miliio-Kdwards and Haime. \%b\. Polyp. Koss. des Terr Palieo? I). 403. ■■' Xuphrentiif Siyshyi, Tiillitigs. lHfi(i. Cat. Sd. Fosh. of Anticosti, p. !I2. Omphijma virrnooM, Roiiii tiger. 187<;. (Jcol. Snr. Midi.. Funs. Corals, p. 117, pi. \^^\., lower row. The description given by Milne-Edwards and Haime is as follows : " Cette espeue est ailongeo, cylindro-turbin^e, souvent courbee ; les bour- relets d'aceroissement sont tre.s-prononc.'.s ; ses prolongements radicifonnes espaces, mais quelquefois situes tres-prt\s du calice. Sa hauteur est d'en- viron 6 ou 7 centimetres ; le diametre du calice est de 3 ou 4. " Silurien. Ame'riqne du Nord : He de Drummond sur le lac Huron. "Coll. Stokes." With this species are idantified two exfoliued specimens from the Niagara of Grand Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, collected by Mr. J. Townsend in 1883. The specimen described by Mr. hilHngs under the name Zaphrentia Big.thyi is from rocks of the same age on the east side of Cocklnu'n Island, two miles north of McLeod's Harbour, collected by R Hell in 186G. Romingers specific description is as follows :— "Conical polyparia, attaining in larger specimens the length of one decimeter by a calyx diameter of from seven to eight centimeters. Sur- face of the silicifiod specimens generally exfoliated ; if perfect, it is covered by an epithecal wall with annular wrinkles of growth, and longi- tudinally striate by septal furrows. From the sides of the conical walls numerous cylindrical, root-like prolongations grow out, serving for attach- ment of the coral to other bodies : these appendices were not distributed equally over the surface, but seemed to form only on those sides where a chance for attachment was offered by close proximity of an object. Calyces spacious, with steeply ascending sides and a gently expanded margin; bottom broad, convex, with depressed circumference, flat or somewhat concave in the centre, which may be almost smooth, or the lamella; may extend over it as carinations, becoming twisted in the centre. On the ascending sides of the calyx th,- lamellae have the form of acute linear lamina; alternating in size, a smaller and a larger one near the bot- tom of the calyx always united into pairs. In the marginal portions of the calyces, the two plates forming the linear crests diverge at the base, and open into a tent-shape. The four septal fovew are scarcely ever distinct — two of them, or it may be only one, being plainly developed. "The centre of the polyparia is, in vertical sections, seen regularly intersected by large transverse plates, and the continuity of the vertical crests is interrupted. Number of lamelhe in calyces of six or seven centi- meters diameter from one hundred to one hundred and ten, Associated L— 6J -sj^umm. .~*««i'sn(55.B 1»0 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL/KONTOLOOY. With the elongated type form already described are shorter conical speci- mens, with broad, expanded calyx .cargins, and generally wicn a verv prominent bottom, covered b^ tw^^ted radial crests, seeming to be a merr variety of the former kind. " Occurs in the Niagara group of Drummond'a Island." Omphyma Ehiphyle, Billings. Plate XV. figs. 2, 2a, 2b. (Sp.) 'I ? Omphyma suhtnrbuuUu,m\n..lS2. Pateoz. Fosh. vol I i, 111 Omphma Eriphylc, Lan.be. 189!), Ottawa Naturalist, vol. x'll' p. 243. "Corallum simple, large, cylindro-turbinato. Outer surface marked transversely with shallow constrictions alternating with low growth- swellin.ci, 5 or 6 mm. broad, representing successive calicular margins Epitheca thin, with numerous transverse growth lines and longitudina' depresseu linear markings 3 or 3 mm. apart. Internal structure as viewed m longitudinal and tr.ansverse sections, composed of a central tabulate area, about one-third the diameter of the co: dlite, surrounded by a broad vesicular zone. Tabula, flat, cl.se set, moderately regular sometimes anastomosing, about twelve m a space of 1 cent Vesicle^' unequal in size, from 1 or 2 mm. to over 1 cent, in length, made up of arched plates curving upward and outward. The tabuke are at intervals continued obliquely outward over the vesicles so as to form in reality a succession of invaginated cups flat at the bottom with dilated convex sides. Septa discontinuous vertically, formed by the infoldirg of the sides of the cups, broad and angular at the periphery, becoming lamella- within, not encroaching on the tabulate area, numbering about eighty, and apparently of equa length. Calyx moderate: p. Length from'io to 25 cent., diamettr from 5 to 6-5 cent." (Law , o99.) Locality. -JJ Anne k la Vieille, Bale d.s Chaleut , collected by Sir W E Logan in 1843; Silurian. j . ^. Oenus Arachnophyllum, Dana. 1846. Arachnophyllum, Dana. 1846. Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2,>d series vol I n IRfi AUrwophylluni, Nicholson and Hindt 1874 Cannrlin. T , ' ' ' P 152 "'"ut. i»^4. Canadian Journal, new series, vol. XIV. ." Veswularui, Rwminger. 1876. Geol. .Sur, Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 134. Corallum comp , site, with a basal epithecal covering. " Corallites up- right, confluent, each consisting of a series of invaginated calyces whose ?Al^.0NTOLOOY. bed lire shorter conical speci- and generally wicn a very crests, seeming to be a mere ond's Island." ings. (Sp.) , 2i. 1855. Brit. Fosh. Corals, p. 2HH, «. vol. I, p. 111. t, vol. XII, p. 243. ;ito. Outer surface marked ernating with low growtli- ucce8.sive calicular margins )wth lines and longitudinal I't. Internal structure, a.s )ns, composed of a central )f the co: illite, surrounded se sat, moderately regular •pace of 1 cent. Vesicles 3nt. in length, made up of The tabukeareat intervals so as to form in reality a )ttom with dilated convex d by the infolding of the iriphery, becoming lamella- umbering about eighty, and p. Length from 10 to , .o99.) tleu! , collected by Sir W. E. ana, 1846. s, 2nd serie.s, vol I., p. 186. 1 Journal, new series, vol. XIV. Corals, p. 134. covering. Corallites up- invaginated calyces whose UUIttt. CANADIAN PAL.«0Z0IC CORALS. 181 j;«xpanded hiargins uniting with those of adjacent corallites form a suc- vc^ession of continuous lloors, supported by coarse vesicular structure. JOalyoes shallow, impressed centrally with a small pit that is at times |8urrounded by an elevated rim; their mai'ginal i)oundaries more or less I distinct and polygonal in outline, sometimes scarcely deHned. Septa ^'amellar and continuous vertically in the neighbourhood of the central < pit, outwardly developing into superficial radial foldings of the calycinal margins. Tabuhe generally inconspicuous, forming a narrow axial . 430. '1 " " Roniinger. ]87(>. Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 130, pi. I XLVIII., tigs. 1 and 2. Wliitfield. 1882. Ceo], of Wisconsin, vol. IV., p. 27."), pi XV fig. 5. Corallum compound, explanate, discoidal, slightly convex above, with la tlat or undulating lower surface roughened by irregular coarse wrinkles lof growth, and with a small central base of attachment; attaining a [diameter of over 13 cent, and a thichness of 3 or 4 cent. Epitheca '•overing the basal surface, marked by fine concentric growth lines. Poly- Iparia upright, very slightly di -ergent, confluent, opening above in shallow I calyces, impressed at the centre with a small pit, and meeting ".i obtusely lelevatsd polygonal outlines. Calyces from about 1 to over 2 cent, in I width, radially marked by fine, obtusely angular septal ridges that con- I nect with those of adjacent calyces. Central pit from about 2 • 5 to 6 mm. I wide, or averaging about one-fourth the diameter of the calyces. Septa I numbering from thirty to forty at the margin of the central pit, within which J they are lamellar and continuous vertically ; of these half reach the centre of the visceral chamber, whilst the remainder stop short of the centre, frequently all or some of the septa coalesce in sets of twos near the bot- tom of the pit, each pair continuing to the centre as a single septum. 182 CONTKIDUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL^iONTOLOOY. On emergiiif,' from the central pit the septa become augmented in nuni ber, many of them bifurcating or trifurcating, and continue outward an superficial radial foldings of the calyeinal margins. A double row of minute pore-openings occurs in each septal ridge, ime row on either side of the central line, the openings in either row generally alternating with those of the other. In vertical sections each corallite is seen to be com- posed of a series of invaginated calyces whoso margins, uniting with those of adjacent calyces at the same level, form a succession of superposed continuous floors. In the interseptal spaces in the vicinity of the central pit occur small arched dissepiments rising obli(|ue!y outward ; these con- tinued outward, in the area to which the septa do not extend as vertical laraelhe, become larger and more unequal in size, forming vesicular tis8U( , on which the successive calyeinal floors rest. Small inconspicuous, hori- zontal tabuhe occupy the centre of the visceral chamber. Increase by intercalicular gemmation. Localitt/.— Grand Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, collected by K, Bell and H. G. Vennor, in 1865, and by J. Townsend, in 1882 and 1883 : Niagara formation. , This species cannot be distinguished from A. striatmn, d'Orhigny, according to Rominger, who (on page 131, op. oit.) says " it is impossible to draw a dividing line between them ; all gradations of sizes, from the large to the small forms, can be found associated in the same localities, and in structure not the least difference exists between them." ARACHNOiHVLLUM MAMILLARE, Dale Owen. (Sp.) Plate XV., fig. 4. Aslrm mamillaris, Dale Owen. 1844. Rep. Geol. Kxplor. lowii. Wisconsin ami Illinois p. 70, pi. XIV., fig. :i Strombodes mamiUatus, Rominger. 1876. (ieol. .Sur. Micii., i'oss Corals p 1S2 i.l XLVIII., fig. 4. ' J • • . I To this species is assigned a specimen collected at Grand Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, by J. Townsend, in 1883 ; it agrees in the size and shape of its calyces with the figure of the type specimen (op. cit., pi. xiv fig. 3) and with Rominger 's description and figure of specimens from the Niagara rocks of Point Detoui, Lake Huron. The Grand Manitoulin Island specimen may be described as follows :— Corallum discoidal. .somewhat convex above, flat below, measuring ir» cent, across and 4 cent, high at the centre. Basal surface wrinkled, covered by an epitheca showing concentric growth lines, and with a smal! central point of attachment. Corallites slightly divergent, opening on ^ LJEomoLoaw ecorne augmented in nuni f, und continue outward an largins. A double row of ge, (ine row on either side generally alternating with corallite is seen to be com- margins, uniting with thosp a succession of superposed 1 the vicinity of the central i(iuely outward ; these con 1 do not extend as vertical ze, forming vesicular tissui , Small inconspicuous, hori •al chamber. Increase by 3 Huron, collected by l{ Jwnsend, in 1882 and 1883 : 1 A. Htriatum, d'Orbigny, cit.) says " it is impossible adations of sizes, from the ted in the same locnlitieN, between them." le Owen. (Sp.) I'. Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois, lioh., Koss. Corals, p. 132, (d. cted at Grand Manitoulin ! 1 ; it agrees in the size and m specimen (op. cit., pi. xiv^ ;ure of specimens from the | be described as follows : — , flat below, measuring 15 Basal surface wrinkled, vth lines, and with a small ;ly divergent, opening on CANADIAN I'AL.KOZOIC COllAl.S. 183 the surface in radially septate calyces with narrow, sunken confluent mar- gins and broad cone-shaped central prominfiices enclosing deeply exca- vated pits that are from 1 to nearly L' cent, apart and vary in width frouj 5 to 7 mm. The septa average thirty-six in number, are alternately long and short in the pits, half passing to the centre, the others terminating in the vertical pit sides ; the differentiation in ttie size of the septa is apparent at times on the outer descending slopes of the central projections but is lo-it on the sunken marginal floors where the septal rid'-- i attain a maximum breadth of nearly 1 mm. The presence of septal port>v.penings has not been detected. Other structural details as described in former species. From A. difllinuiH this species differs jjrincipally in its much more robust growth, in the greatei' size of the calycinal pit.s, and in the propor- tionately larger mammiform cones. Forinatioii. — Niagara. Akachndi'HYLlum difpluens, Milne-Edwards and Haime. (Sp.) Plate X.TV., fig. 12. 1851. I'lilyp. KosH. (UisTerr. I';ilii'(iz., Hiit. FoHs. Corn,l.-(, p. l'WI, pi. IH.')."). Stromhodes diffliicnn, Milnf-Kdward.s and Haiim p. 431. " " Mihie-Kdwards and Haiiiii LXXl., fig.s. 2, 2a. " " Billings. 186(1. Cat. .Sil. Foss. of Anticosti, p. ;i4. Sirombodts piiima:u8, Roniiiigcr. 1870. C.ool. Sur. Mich., Koss. Corals, p i:U pi XLVIIL, fig. 3. Araclmophyllmi diffluent, Lambe. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. Xtl., p. 244. " Corallum forming laminar or discoidal expansions, composed of confluent corallites whose calyces open on the surface with scai'cely any line of demar- cation between them : reaching a breadth of 9 cent, and a thickness of between 2 and 3 cent. Calyces, varying in width from 8 to 12 mm., flat or shallowly concave in the marginal area, with a circular, elevated rim surrounding a central pit 3 or 4 mm. in diameter from which radiate the septa as narrow convex ribs having a maximum breadth of about -5 mm. The elevated rims surrounding the pits stand, in some specimens, much more prominently above the surrounding, sunken, calycinal extensions than in others, whilst at times they develoj) into salient, conical projec- tions with the pit forming an excavation at the top. Latsral junction of contiguous calyces sometimes very slightly raised, more often seen as a plane surface in which no dividing line is apparent. Septa averaging thirty in number as in other species of the genus, lamellar and continuous vertically in the vicinity of the central pit, converted on the flat calicinal margin into surface ribs that join those of neighbouring calyces ; of two I i 5l i I » 1 184 CONTIUBUTIONa TO CANADIAN PAL/t:ONTOLOUY. ordors, ,Uteraati,ig with each other within the pit, the primaries reaching tne centre or leaving a narrow, .nrcular, smooth spot at the centre, the .secondanas not continued beyond the .side, of the pit. As in A. pnUayon- urn, Ooldfuss, a coalescence of the inner septal ends in sets of twos, and their cuntmuan 'e as single septa is often observed. Double rows of poro- openings are present in the septal ridges. The di... pimental and vesicu- lar structure is similar to that of A. pentayoaam, on\s, proportionately -smaller. Sma I Hat tabula, occur in the centre of the visceral chamber.^ (Lambe, 1899.) Locames.-Y\.v^ miles west of Chicotte River. Anticosti, J. Richard- T;. f ; .r,''"'" ^ ^•' '^''''''"*' "™"P- ^^^«" ^«""^'' ^"t- J- Townsend, 1874 to 1883; north end of Lake Teiniscaming, Que., R, Bell, 1887- -Niagara formation. Arachnophyllum eximium, Billings. (Sp.) Plate XVI., figs. 3, 3a and 4. StTombixlci eximiux, Billings. 1866. Cat. Sil. Fo«8. of Anticosti i. 93 Arachnophyllum exMum, Lambe. 189!>. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XXL, p. 246. •' Original description.-^ GovaWmn composite apparently forming lar.^e depressed hemispherical colonies. Corallites from 9 to 15 lines across the cal.ce slightly concave in the cuter half of the width, the central depression 3 or 4 lines wide. There are about fifty septo-costal radu in a coralhte 14 lines across. This species dilFers from Strombodes peritagonus and Strombodes striatus (both of which occur in the same beds) in having much coarser radii.' "Additional specimens were collected by J. Townsend on Grand Manitouhn Island in 1883 ; one .specimen in particular shows the structure admirably. " Further details as to the growth of the corallum are here appended - Corallum composite, explanate, discoidal, sometimes over 13 cent broad and 3 cent, thick, upper surface flat or slightly convex. Corallites upri<.ht confluent, varying in breadth from 2 to 3 cent., with shallowly conclave calyces whose boundaries are poorly defined and only slightly elevated Calyces with a well marked, rather deep and comparatively broad central pit, averaging nearly 1 cent, in width, having steep, at times almost vertical sides and a flat bottom. Tabula,, forming a well defined axial area, flat or slightly convex, turned down at their edges, as broad as the pit is wide, about sixteen in a space of 5 mm. Septa numbering from forty to about fifty-two, lamellar and uninterrupted in a narrow area surrounding the tabuhe, of two orders, the primaries reaching the centre :.4':oNToi,oay, pit, the primaries reaching 1 spot at tho cHJitre, the he pit. Am in A. p,-ntayon- ii ends ill nets of twos, iiud 'ed. Double rows of porc- dis" piiuentiil and vesicu- lum, only proportionately of the visceral chamber." iver, Anticosti, J. Richard- Sound, Ont., J. Townsend, ng, Que., II, Bell, 1887 : lings. (Sp.) d4. ticoati, p. 93. St, vol. XII., p. 245. apparently forming large oin 9 to 15 linen across, ■ the width, the central ibout fifty septo-costal s differs from Strombodes ih. occur in the same beds) J. Townsend on Grand icular shows the structure lum are here appended: — imes over 13 cent, broad tivex. Corallitos upright, with shallowly concave 1 only slightly elevated, iparatively broad central steep, at times almost ing a well defined axial if edges, as broad as the Septa numbering from upted in a narrow area ries reaching the centre CANADIAN I'AL.EOZOItJ COKAI.M. 18B Of the tabulu-as carimi., the secondaries n..t infringing on the tabul.e; beyond tho confines of the central pit their vertical .oniinuity is interrupted and they raliate outward as gradually broadening, tl.itly convex ribs, , reaching a maximum breadth of '1 mm. at th.; edge of the calycinal extension whe.e they meet the septal rib.s of adjacent calyces. Pore- openings in the septal ribs have not been recognized in specim.-us belonging to this species. The vesicular structure supporting the calycinal Hoors, ,; developed at intervals in the upward growth of the colony, is composed J of blister-like plates that are proportionately rather smaller and less I convex than in other species of the genus, also the radially folded caly- cinal floors appear to be developed with greater frequency and are consequently close together than in A. pentagonum, (Joldfu.'^s, from which this species difFers in many essential points. Bet ween the lamellar septa arched dissepiments curve downward to meet the tabulie " (Lambe. I 1899.) ^ ^ ^ Loca/ity.— West, Point, (Jiand Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, R. Bell, . 1H66, ami Grand Manitoulin Island, J. Townsend, 1883; Niagara formation! I I Genus Chonophyllum, Milne-Edwards and Ilaime. 18r)0. ChonophyUam, Miltie-Kdwards and Haiiiie. 1850. Brit. Fohk. Coralw, j.. lxi,\. Corallum simple, short and broadly expanded or by the superaddition ; of successive calycinal expansions becoming conico-cvlindrical. Calyx I steep-sided with expanded horizontal or reflexed margins. Central area • irregularly tabulate with a convex calicular surface. Peripheral area broad, vesicular. Septa sometimes reaching the centre, thin and con- , tinuous vertically in a cycle surrounding the tabuhe where they are of two sizes, but in the peripheral expansion developing into superficial and ciual, rounded libs that unite laterally so as to form a laminar surface- covering to the supporting vesicles. Type species.— C. {Cyathophyllum plicatnm) per/olialum, Golf' s.''. Upper Silurian (Niagara) of the Island of Gotland, Sweden. Ranije. — Silurian, Devonian. Chonophyllum Canadense, Billings. (Sp.) Plate XVIT, figs, 1, la, lb, Ic, 2, 3, 3a, 3b and 4. riiiehonhyUnm Canadense, BillingH. 1,SG2. Pahieoz. J'oss., vol I., p. 107. BillingH. 1866. Cat. Sil. Foss. of Anticonti, j).'.34 I'humphyUum Canadense, Larabe. 1899. Ottawa Naturali.st, vol. XII., p. 222. "Corallum large, circular, much broader than high, expanding laterally from a small, obtusely pointed base into a broad, thin, frill-like, horizontal ■-»«w* -.«-»***««» ■ I » -A'- .^ ■• I 186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL^ONTOLOOY. extenaioii, iil)ovo whoso upper Htufiue rises abruptly ii central oiilicular area about orie-fouitli the brtwlth of the coralium ; attaining a breadth of over 19 cent, and a thickness at the centre of about 4 cent. Height of the central part enclosing the calyx, above the level of the surrounding .surfaces in largo individuals, from about 1-5 to 2 cents. Calyx * about twici as wide as high, with a dianuaer of about one tenth the breadth of the coralium, flat at the bottom and with very steep sides. Septa, in the visceral chumbor, lam.'llar, of two orders, primaries and secondaries, altornating, the formiir mooting at the centre with .i slight amount of twisting, the latter not quite half the length of the former ; ascending the sides of the calyx as sharp edged lamelliu they pass down and ove'' the extracalicular surface as gradually broadening, flatly convex, radiat- ing ridges having a ntaximum breadth near the periphery of 7 mm. ; they number in different individuals from about seventy-four to eighty-four. Well doveloperi flat or concave tabulie, turned down at their edges and as broad as one-half the width of the calyx, are seen in a radial section, beneath the bottom of the cup. The whole of the upper surface is marked by fine, rai.secJ, interrupted and concentric, ripple-like growth lines, generally less than 1 nun. apart, those of one septal ridge sometimes con- tinuous with, at other times alternating with those of adjacent ridges ; the basal surface presents a similar appearence except that here the septal radii are concave instead of being convex. The structure of the walls of the calyx and of the extended frill-like margin appears to be very dense. In radial sections the gradual growth of the coralium outward is indi- cated by parallel lines approximately at right angles to, and joining the ripple-like markings on, the upper and lower surfaces. In vertical tan- gential sections the septa are seen to be made up of superimposed convex layers resembling the septal structure of C. Magnificum, Billings, but denser. " Zoca/J<2/.— South-west Point, Antieosti, division IV. of the .Anticosti group, collected by J. Richardson, 1856." (Lambe, 1899.) Chonopiiyllum Belli, Billinas. Plate XVI., figs. 5 and 6. Chonophylluiii Betti, Billings. I«(i5. Canadian Naturalist, new aerie.s, vol. II., p. 431. Coralium at first short and broader than high, with a deep calyx having broadly expanded generally reflexed margins, with age increasing in height and assuming a subcylindrical form by the superaddition of successive invaginated calycinal expansions ; type specimen 7 cent, in height, slightly over 3 cent, in average breadth, pointed at the base. • Originally described a.s the basal centre " excavated into a ciip-like cavity. "^"^ ONTOLOGY. 1 Ciilyj CANADIAN I'ALif.OKOIC 00IIAL8. (linu li 187 yx with rupiflly expiiiulin>,' liorizcntal or retlnxed mar^mn Hurr-.unclirig a Ht.'.;p-Mi(l.. 1 .Hiiitnil pit, at llm hottoni c.f which is a rounded Imss show- ins? the lonveigenco of the inner ends of tho septa; depth nearly one half its width. Septa as seen in the calyx, radiating outward with little or no incipient twisting, sharp-edyed at Hrst and when ascending the steep side/i of the central pit hut developing on the expanded margin into low convex ridges about 1 nun. hroad at the periphery where they are of nearly e(|ual size although elsewhere they showadiHerentiation into alter- nating primaries and secondaries most noticeable on the side of the pit. The rapidly increasing area of the calyx outside the pit necessitates tho addition of new .septal ribs which are supplied by intercalation or by the bifurcation or trifurcation of the old ones. An inner axial area, showing in the bottom of the calyx of the tppe specimen as a rounded projection, i.s formed by the presence of narrow tabula-, turned down at the edges, over which the i-epta pass, either meeting at a point or not continued quite so far, so as to leave a small, smofjth, central space, .'ior 4 mm. in diameter. Outside tho tabulate area is a broad zone of arched plates, of une(|ual but rather large size, that fill the spaces between and support tho periodic calycinal expansions. Strength- ening acanthiform growths developed from the under, concave surface of the arched plates are noticed in many places. Septa, in the type specimen, numbering about ninety, thin, apparently carinated on their side faces, of two alternating sizes, the larger passing almost to the centre, the shorter not encroaching on the tabulie, their vertical continuity interfered with by the vesicles as the periphery is approached ; represei t(>d on the calycinal margins by the low septal ridges. Localiti/.— Gland Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron, collected in 1865 by R. Bell and H, S. Vennor ; Clinton formation. new series, vol. II., p. 431. ito a cup-like cavity." Chonophyllum nvmphale, Billings. (Sp.) Plate XVIII., tigs. 1, la. CfnithophyUum nyiaphah; Billings. V" Chonophyllum miiitpkale, Lainbe. IK ■•■'■■. PalHJoz. Fo«H., vol. I., p. 111. Htawa Naturalist, vol. XII., p. 251. "Corallum simple, short, bror.dly expanded, concave on the lower surface, convex above; dimensions of the type and only specimen known, height at centre 4 cent., breadth about 9 cent. Basal surface apparently pi(jvided with an epitheca. Calyx shallow, convex at the centre, with broadly expanding reflexed margins exhibiting about eighty low, rounded septal ribs that increase in breadth outwardly. In a radial section a central area, about 1 cent., in breadth, is disclosed ; it m I II f i [ * r 'f I IMH roNTUIIIfTroNM TO CANAIiHN I'At KONTOL0«)Y. '« m.ul. „j,oJ small .ii.-i.tjy ,„mv,.x pLit-s anhinK upward a...] i„w.ml «ouMtotor,n H„ uxiul VH.icul..t;.l.ulai., nius. wIm.h,, su.fa-« appoHiH in th« cHlyx as a ruun.l.d pro. u. «.,•„.,.■«. Hur,.,u.Hii„K M.- .on.ml amt in » bromi vo.,eular /.mo in which ca» he .Jeto,te.l thej^nwhuil Br,.wth upward of t ... corallun, l.y th„ sup..,p.,Hilio„ of vesi. «lar luycrH, -J or 3 mn. iu Uuel(n.«M. ,.,u.h layer lor.nmatinK -tbovo i,. a M.in cnvrin^ of H«xU(.uk, contihuouH lauuna. repre^ctiuK tlie position of the surfaco of previous calyces rh.. convex plates co,nposi„x iho vesicular layers are H.nall. Konerallay I „,„.. or Ichs in l,.„i,th. The spp^a, starting, at the confines ot the central vesicular area, radiate outwar.l as their vertical lamin.eand diHflppear n. the pripher/il region; they are represented on the calicular surface l.y tho Kni.lually L.-mleninK .up.rfici.il .onvex lihs, that are connected with ead, other late.ally. |„ tangential sections at the margin of the calicular expansions the cut edges of the septal ribs here alK)ut 3 mm. in l.readth, apj.ear as h.,ri/.ontnl c<.ntinuouH parallel wavy ines. What appear to bo sej.tal carin.e or possibly structures analogous to the 8upp,.rting processes of the septal lan.in.e as .leveloped in some species ot the ,,'onus are seen in the radial section of the corallum " (Lam be, 18'J!).) Localitf,.^ An,e a la Vioille, baio des Chaleurs, one specimen collecte.l by Hir W. E. Logan in 1843 ; fc'ilurian. CnONOPHYLLUM MAONIKKUM. Billin;;'4. Cho,,uph!,Hv,H .un.jniftcum, BillinKs. 1«(J0. Canadian .I.M.rnal, iww n,-vu: v..| V „ 2(14, |.l. r. . . ., |.. '^-'I'-'i'^"- W- <'''"l- «m-. Micl,., K.,MH. CmuIn, ].. li:., ,,l. Xfil 1 1., upper low. Sli.'./.r. 1K1I2. A ivvisiu.i an,l ni.,n„g,apl, .,f tl,e geiniH Choimphiillnm ; Hull. Ueol. S.k;. .Vim.-., vcl. 3 p 2K7 nl « tigH. L', 3, 4 ami 5. '- i • . Corallum short and Lioadly expan,,,nL where an u..Ue and .letaded description is given of the complicated structure of C n.a„n,curn, says : <• Along the me Hal plane of eacl. leptum these layers are t owHr th,. 8 des, and finally are sharply drtlected, fusing with one another along the.r edges to foru, the side faces of the septum. ( >:casionairy aTyer the ..de, and hus takes no part, for some distance at least, in the actual formatmn of the septal faces. When the septum has beco .e ton now enw a, p.„. «, „ „^ ,^^,^^ ^^. ^.^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ suggesting their sept m : iT;*^ ; . " T''' ''"" "^^^^^ "^« "«^ -»*'--« ^-- - septum to ,ts neighbour, but each septum is ma.le up of an indei endent o t ri: : r' ■". I '^rrP*^' --^^ -^'^ --t:..* m the formation the e a,ers appear as delicate parallel lines, sloping gently from t-.- .d!e of the calyx downward toward the centre. Intersected at right an-des ,:' appearance. Ep.theca complete, thin, with concentric growth markin^^s the pT ■ • """"Z"' ■'''''' "'"' '''-' ''"'''^' ^^-"' ^''« ^■-. i»d -ti^g concave ""''' ^^""' '^^"^^" ^'"^'^ ^^« -'-^--^ «-tly menZf "; ""'' ^-'-'-— Coniferous limestone of Ontario ; Romin^er mentions its occurrence at Mackinac Island, in the drift of the lo^er p ninsula of Mic igan, at the Falls of the Ohio, at Charleston Landing Ind ana and ,n other exposures of the Upper Helderherg (Corniferou^ -sssnOfttmsiMi li il i h' It 190 C0NTUIBUTI0N8 TO CANADIAN PAL^ONTOLOGV. Although this species is retained in the genus to which it was originally assigned by Mr. Billings, the writer is strongly of the opinion that it should form the type of a separata genus as its structure is quite dis- similar in its main features to that of the Silurian corals grouped round the type C. perjoliatum, Goldfuss, sp. CYSTIPHYLLriXK (jenus Cystiphyllum, Lonsdale. 1839. (Ety. Kva-Tii, cavity, <^vAAoi', leaf.) CyntiphnUiim, Lonrtdalo. KH3!». MxxkU Sil. Syst., pt II., p. 0111. Coiiophyllum, Hull. \mi. Palu-oii. Now York, vol. II., p. 114. Corallum simplo or aggregate. Corallites varying from conical to cylin- drical ; when aggregate, increasing by lateral calicinal budding. Epitheca complete. No true tabula; nor septa. Inner structure vesicular, com- posed of convex plates curving upward and outward, the central ones more nearly horizontal and generally larger than the others. Septa repreol. Soc. Anier., vol. 3, p. 2(i6. ho.\uho. 1899. Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII,, p. 224. " The type specimen of C. Iluronense is from the Niagara rocks of Cock^jurn Island, Lake Huron, and was collected by Dr. R. Bell, in 1865. Ro-"inger has pointed out that Conophyllum Magarense, Hall is in EONTOLOOV. to which it was originallj of the opinion that it i structure is quite dis- ian corals grouped round iAHII. ] CANADIAN PAL.EOZOIC CORALS. 191 e. 1839. leaf.) , p. (ii)l. |i. 114. ring from conical to cylin- icinal budding. Epitheca tructure vesicular, com- itward, the central ones ;han the others. Septa by spinulose or rounded » plates. In one species wo obscure lateral ones, I furrows on the surface fing depth, its concave es that in the case of C. loor marked by superfi- reahty a Cy.Hpkyllu,n and mentions its occurrence in the Niagara group of Drumu.o,Kl Island, Lake Huron and at Point Detour, as weM a.s in the N lagara of Kentucky. Iowa and Indiana. The specimen from Cockburn Island IS preserved in such a way as to show the longitudinal ribbing of the surface, the form, size and direction of the cystose plates within Ind the rad.al rows of denticulations on the calicular margins as a root-like extension near the basal .xtren,ity ; details of structure such as these taken with the general form and manner of growth of the corallum mduce the writer to believe that C. ffuronens. should properly be re^ ferred to Halls species from the Niagara of the State of New York. " Ronungor's description of this species is con.prehensive an.l accur- ately describes the Canadian . pecin.en : it appears in the following words- 'Conical polyp cells attached to other bodies at the base, and by additiona root-like prolongations from the sides. Sten.s elongated, sub- cyhndncal, or shorter turbinate, annulatod by superficial constrictions with tortuous flexions, or by perioilical total interruptions in the .^rowth ni a calyx, and the formation of a now cHl from within. The calyces are moderately deep, uniformly spreading from an obtusely angustated bottom ; .nargins erect : their surfa.n, i.s blistered, and is radiallv striate by spmulose crests, develope. in son.e necimens with more disthictness ban ,n others. The surface of the p. „p stems in well preserved con- dition is longitudinally ribbed by septal strhe, but it often happens that the outer walls are destroyed, and that the stems are of rough exfoliated aspec , exhibiting the concave side of the blisters composing the cell cups and the ^ J-ee «dges of the single invaginated cups composing the stems ' » 11. (Sp.) rk, vol. II., p. 114, pi. 32, ' Antioosti, p. 92. Mi,, Fobs. Corals, p. 137, pi. lonognipli of tfio genus Chon- mer., vol. 3, p. 2(i6. it, vol. XII,, p. 224. the Niagara rocks of by Dr. R. Bell, in 1865. Niagarenae, Hall is in CVSTIPHVLLUM MARITIMUM, Hillinffs. Plate XVIII., figs. 2, 2a. C!,sti,>h!,/h„a marit,mu„i, Billings. mVX Pal.eux. Foss., vol. I., p 112. Corallum simple, turbinate, slightly curved, 7 cent, high and about 6 cent, broad at the top, annulated somewhat irregularly by a number of constrictions and ridges of growth. Epitheca complete, showing close-set fane, transv^erse lines and also well marked longitudinal ribbing which is accentuated in the underlying structure when the epithecal covering is decorticated Calyx shallow, about 13 mm. deep, with sides sloping the centre, radiated by narrow, apparently denticulated or spmulose septal ribs of which there are seven or eight in a space of 5 mm. The inner structure, revealed by a transverse and a longitudinal section, IS dense and composed of very small convex plates whose general dn;ection i8 obliquely upward and outward from the centre, those at the 192 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL.BONTOLOGY. centre being comparatively horizontal and frequently larger in size. In a longitudinal section the ealycinal spinules are represented by faint, short, linear markings at right angles to the direction of the vesicles. In a transverse section the septal ribs appear as concentric cycles of inward- ly directed short prolongations from the cut edges of the vesicles, the whole having the appearance of indistinct interrupted septa converging from the periphery toward the centre. Locality. — Anse a la Vieille, Baie des Chaleurs : collected by Sir .V. E. Logan, in 1843. Silurian. One specimen, apparently distorted by lateral pressure. CVSTIPHYLLUM VEHICULOSUM, GoldfuSS. (Sp.) Cyatkopliyllum itsiculosum, Goldfiiss. 182t'>. PetrefactaCJerinaniit', vol. I., p. 58, ]>1. XVII., fipts. 5a-e, and pi. XVIII, fisjs. la d. Cystiphi/llum cylirulrknm, Hall. 184,S. (ieol. of X,.w York, i)t. IV., p. 2mt, figa. 1, 2. Noii Lonsdale. CystiphyUu7n. visicutomm, Milne- Edwards and Hainie. 1851. I'olyp. Foss. des Ten-. PaliEoz., p. 4(12 ; and 1853, Brit. Foss. Coval.s, p. 243, pi. LVI., fig.f. 1, la, lb. Cysfiphylluiii Am .BONTOLOGY. «.] CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. 193 obliquely outwa-d and upward to the periphery; at the centre of the visceral chamber the ve. -es are more nearly horizontal and us a rule larger than the other.'. " This species is very v.rlahle in shape and size, sometimes in the stout, .. .ort forms reaching a diameter of over 10 cent, with a length of abou 27 cent., m the slender forms an equal length may be attained with a jtlnckness of only 3 or 4 cent. In his description of (,'. Senecaense, IB. hngs mentions a variation in length from three inches to two feet with a diameter of three-quarters of an inch to an inch and a half. The'same authority in referring to the size of C. grande, say.s. < There are fragments ot his species in the co lection of the Geological Survey of Canada, five .aches in diameter and one specimen, still lying in the rock, is known winch IS three feet long.' Cystiphyllum aggrkgatcm, Billings, Plate XVIII., fig. 3. 'iistiphyUum ayyrcgatum. Billing.^. 1859 Canadi-ii, Tnnr„„i TJ7 c .10 ^aiiaaian Journal, new series, vo!. IV n lo7, ng. 28. . . ■. r ., jj. 1875. Geological Magazine, new series, vol II figs. 3, 3a ; and 1875, Palson. of Ont., p. 7.3, pi. I.",' r Cystiphi/llum fruticosum, Nicholson p. 32, pi. I . tigH. .3, 3a. yi/stiphpllum agyregatum, Rominger. Ipatiphi/llum caspitosum, Schliiter. 1870. (ieol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p i;« sehaff fii. V f ^' ^;V'=^.""»«l'«"«hte der niederrhein. Gesgell- schaft fur Natur u Heilkundo in Bonn; and 1889, Antho.oen vlli figl 1-3 ''"°'""' •'''"'' ^'"I- f>*^f' '' V. 80,7 h'^tiphidlumaggregatum, Lmnte. W99. ' Ottawa Naturalist, vol. XII p 225 "Original description.-' The only specimen of this very distinct species Iha ha. come under my observation is in the cabinet of the Canadln Institute. It consists of a mass of cylindrical corallites closely aggre' ed Mm places umted by projecting folds of the outer wall, as fn fhe gtnus .Cfr ' r ?' "'"^'"^'^ ''' ^^'"P'^^^^y --'"P^'i ^n a thin epifheca kh ch IS obliquely wrinkled and filled with small sublenticular ceL one Ir two lines in width Diameter of longest corallite in the gro p! oL |ich, and of the smallest, five-eighths of an inch." "Since the above was written a number of very fine specimens of this ZG::Z:ft'^'''l:''T''''''' ^^^^ ^''^^ to'theconecttn Geological Survey, therefore it is thought desirable to amplify the ii I I I •. ! I ! ! i'l 194 CONTBlllUTIONS TO CANADIAX PALEONTOLOGY. original description by the following, the result of an examination of the additional material : — Coralluni aggroj^'ate, forming large masses some- times a foot and a half across and over a foot high, composed of upwardly directed, flexuous, subcylindrical corallites that increase rapidly by lateral calicinal gemmation from a single parent corallite. As a result of their mode of growth from a small basal beginning, the corallites are somewhat divergent, those near the confines of the corallum sometimes growing almost horizontally. Corallites strongly and irregularly annulated, grow- ing close together, frequently touching each other, their coherence being often strengthened at the points of contact by an increased development of the ridges of gi-owth, or from want of space they may be closely pressed against one another for some distance. Mature corallites varying in diameter from 1 or 2 to over 3 cent., the young ones beginning with an average breadth of about 5 mm. and growing upward beside the old stems with a very slow increase in size. Epitheca thin, complete, showing minor, transverse growth markings. Inner structure vesicular, similar to that of C. v^nicidosum from which this species apparently differs only in its aggregate form." (Lambe, 1899 ) LocalitieH and formation. — Abundant in the Corniferous limestone of Ontario; Romingur mentions its occurrence in large clusters in the Hamilton group of Thunder Bay. Cystiphyllum sulcatum, Billin£r,s. CystiiMylhim mlcatum, Billings. 1858. Rep. of Progress for 1857, Geol. Survey of Canada, p. 178, Billi'igs. 185!). Canadian Journal, new series, vol. IV., p. 13G. " " Nicholson. 1874. Paheon. of Ont., p. 38, pi. YI, fig. 7. " " Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur., Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 138, pi. L, lower row, left-hand figures. Hall. 1876. Illus. Dev. Foss., pi. XXXII, figs. 10-20. " Corallum simple, short, turbinate, much curved, expanding at the rate of between forty and forty-five degrees from the minute sharp curved point upwards ; cup oblique, the lower margin being On the side of the lesser curvature, moderately deep, and nearly regularly concave, the bottom covered with obscure coarse rounded radiating ridges ; a shallow rounded groove or fossette extending from the centre to the higher margin, and in some specimens two others much less distinct, radiating to the sides at right angles to the main groove. Exterior encircled by obscure undulations, and longitudinally striated by the rudimentary radiating septa. The vesicular structure consists of irregular sublenticular cells, from half a line to two lines in width ; length of the convex side, from one inch and a half to three inches, the usual length appears to be uBONTOLOOY. UMie .1 ^ ones beginning with an Corniferous limestone of in large clusters in the CANADIAN PAL.EOZOIC CORALS. 196 inch and a half ; depth about halt an inch." (Billings). The largest spocin^en in the collection measures fc'-.r inches along the convex curve an. ^wo inches across the cup from the higher to the lower side other spec lens are of oil sizes from three-quarters of an inch in length up. The epitheca is complete and generally well preserved. The continuous laminar floor of the calyx in some specin.ens shows no trace ^ of the vesicular structure below, in others it is more or less blistered • its ; devebpment at intervals as the corallum grew larger can be seen n a number of specimens. Ontrf '^ «nrf/or,„a^io„._Abundant in the Corniferous limestone of Genus Actinocystis, Lindstrom, 1882. Actinoc,stu, Lindstrom. 1882. Cifvers. Vet. Ak. Fhandl., XXXIX., No. S, p. 21. Corallum simple, differing from CysHphi/Uum only in the possession of i Zt^l^ '''' ^ ^^ '^'^"^''^"^ °'°'"' particularly in the base or toward Typespecies.-A. (Cy.tip/njllu>n).Grayi, Milne-Ed wards and Haime. ^angrff.—Silurian. Devonian. r 1857, Geol. Survey of Canada, AcTiNocYSTis VARIABILIS, Whiteaves. Cp>teoph,jllum An^^Hcanum var. arcticum. Meek. 1808. Trans Cl.icago Acad of ^ ,. Sciences, p. 80, p\. XL. ties 6 fia (!li ^.^.0M.«„.(,ike^.^„.,,Bim„,.. I876.'llep of V^l t^ W^-TS, (.eol. Survey of Canada, p. 68. '' Ci^st.pkiUlumAmcricanu^n, v^r. arcticum, Whiteave.,. 1891. Contr. to Can. Pal«.on TOl. I., pt. III., ,,. 206. ' AcUnocysUsvariahUis, Whiteaves. 1892. Ibid, pt. IV., p. 27], ,,,. XXXV fign 3 3a original description.-" Corallum simple strongly curved, varying in hape from broadly turbinate and widely expanding, with the breadth at he summit exceeding the height, to cylindro-conical and s.mewhr.t con- tracted at the summit; outer surface apparently almost smooth and Zo ""t'^'u " ^'" *''"^^"'" """"^^^^ ' '^'y- -*her deep, conical, narrow at the base ; septa about eighty-five in number, extending from he exterior to within a short distance from the centre, but feebly deve- Kl .'"'/I .T'^' '^''"'' quite straight, their regularity being fro- Iquently disturbed by anchylosis with the walls of the intersept.l vesLes. Internal structure, apart from the septa, essentially the same as that of ItysHphyllum and consisting exclusively of coarse vesicular tissue The vesicles are very large in the central area and diminish gradually in size : I ! ! M III' ?srsi 196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL/EONTOLOOY. toward the periphery. As viewed in longitudinal sections, they appear as lenticular ceils which radiate obliquely upward and outward from the centre of the coral." Localities. — Lake Winnipegosis. at various localities ; collected by J. W. Spencer, 1874 : J. B. Tyrrell and D. P.. Dowling, 1889 ; Devonian (American Stringocephalus zone). Collect > d also by R. G. McConnell in i888 from the Devonian rocks of the ]M,ii;kenzie River, at the " Ram- parts", and by A. P. Low, on the Moose River, Ont., 1890 (Devonian). Genus Cayug^-a. (Gen. nov.) Corallum simple, conicocylindrical. Epitheca complete. A broad vesicular, peripheral area surrounds a central, axial, tabulate area, the two areas being separated from each other by an inner wall. No septa. Type species. — 0. venusta, mihi. Range. — Devonian (Corniferous formation.) Cayug^ea Whiteavesiana. (Sp. noY.) Plate XVIII., figs. 4, 4a, 46. Corallum simple, large, conico-cylindrical. Outer surface strongly ringed by rather regular and sudden constrictions of growtli, from about 7 to 14 mm. apart. Epitheca, complete with transverse fine growth lines and obscure broken, longitudinal, depressed, linear markings. The only specimen known is about 1 8 cent, long and represents the upper part of the corallum which, judging from the slow rate of increase in thickness may have attained a total length of 60 cent, (or roughly 2 feet); diameter of specimen above about 7 cent., below about 6 cent. Longitudinal and transverse sections reveal a central tubular area about 25 mm. in width, filled with numerous tabulae, and separated from a surrounding peripheral vesicular area by a well defined inner wall. Tabulae flat or slightly con- cave, generally turned up near the edge, moderately regular in their dis- position. Vesicular area made up of outwardly ascending cystose plates very unequal in size, resting on each other and enclosing spaces from 2 or 3 mm. to about 2 cent, in length. Septa absent and only indicated in a feeble way by the longitudinal epi thecal markings. The specimen is crushed above, so as to obscure the form of the calyx, and the basal part is broken off. Locality and formation.— Ca.yug&, Ont., collected by J. DeCew ; Cor- niferous limestone. I Hi -1 CANADIAN PAL^.OZOIC COKALS. 197 Thi3 coral has structural chanicters of so peculiar a nature as to pre- clude its being referred to any described genus known to the writer. The combination of well developed tabuhu enclosed within a distinct wall surrounded by vesicular tissue, is certainly most curious as well as inter- esting, more particularly when the absence of septa is considered. The name of the new genus founded for the reception of this Comiferous coral, is suggested by the locality from which the specimen was obtained. The absence of septa and the strong development of vesicular tissue suggest affinities to Cystiphyllum, and for the present at least Cayugiea is placed with the Cystiphyllidcv. ed by J. DeCew ; Cor- INDtX TO GENERIC AND SPECIFIC NAMES. ACKHVLLAHIA PA«K. 1H3 Coliimnaria. aheoiata calieina. PAtiK. Acoi'vularia. JMvidHuiii 1(14 98 102 gra'ilL-. W.i (li.^juncta Hall! riigosa CKKl'IDorllYl.l.lM Ciepiddpliylliiin. Ai'chiaci 103 Antoi'iiYi.i.iM AcrDpli^lliiiii. C)neidiU>iia4' 174 175 100 101 154 ACTI.^■(K'YSTI.'^ ActiiiocyMtiH. '!t5 1!I5 VA variabiliH colligatnin . . CyATIIOI'HYI.I.LM Cyatliopliylliuu. 155 133 152 AlAKOLITKS 20 Alveolites. (JdldfuHsi 2;t Lulx'clici 21 Anticostirnse articulatum i:j4 i;« 143 Ningarensis . ... •>*» nqiiinnoHa 24 vallorum Amim.e.M'h 25 128 12!> c'tespitosiini cei'atites 145 146 Aiiif)l('.\UH. oiugiilatus coalitum . . 152 147 e.\iliM 131 m ellipticuni 142 Yandelli An.\(irNt)i>rivi.i.UM Kiiryone . . cxiginmi Ualli intcrriiptuin parvuluni I'aHithca Pennanti 135 150 Araehiiophylliini. ditftuens eikiniinm iiiniiiilliire lK-iitag liHi 173 Zenkeri . Cyxtii'hyllum CyMtipliylluiii. aggreyatiiu) inatitimuin Niagarens*' i;w 190 193 Clisiophylluni. Billingsi 174 185 18(i 185 188 187 29 191 190 Chonophyi.lum Chono )hyll\im. Bel i sulcatum vesiculoaum DlrilYl'HYI.I.l M 194 192 157 Canaflense niagnificuiti nyiiiphale Diphyphylluiii. aruiidiuaceuni casspito.sum 162 158 Cl..\I)01'0H.V multicaule rugoaum Simcoense strictum 159 157 1(51 160 Cladopora. crassa ., 30 cr;yptodens Fisf'heri frondosa 31 33 :« 32 30 29 36 VeriieuilanHiii F.\VO.SITEM 159 2 lahiosa lichenoides multiiKira .... Fifi'ineri Favosites. Alpenensis aspera baaaltica Billingsii 18 4 8 19 turgida 35 26 C(E's'ITKH . CanaoenaiH cervicornis clausa digitata 12 12 13 20 g Ccenites. unii)erina unata Selwynii 27 28 28 Columnahia 97 Got ilandica 3 ii i CONTHinUTIOHS TO CANADIAN PAL^ONTOLO.H KiivimitcM (y(mt. lifiiiiM|iheric'ii IjiHiiitfiTi . . . NiuKHicnRig . iiitflliv rmlioifiiriiiiH laiiioitiiriiiiH w tiirldimtii i? Fl.ETCIIKHlA FIctclicriu. inccrtii Hai.yhitks Halysit|.«. <-'iit(iiiiiIuria fiitciiiiluria, viir civteniilariii, vm witciiulariii, var. niicro|xira catcnulariii, var. iiitida catfriiilaria, var. (iimUicniifi Pllflltltlliliti.. ..„^ _!L_ t ainplitiiliulata. Ki'HciliB 16 47 4H U4 68 71 60 70 71 (i!) catMiiulana, var. simplex 70 Cdinpacta . Hki.iolitkh . . HelidlitcH. jiionliiiata intorHtiiicta 71 70 81 70 subtubiilata..,. iX 176 172 173 83 85 86 86 LitlioHtrotion Macoiini . Lo.VSDAI.KIA I-onn(laI<'iiv. I'ictciense Lykli.ia Lyt'llia. afhnis „ . Aiiirricana. ...,...".!' 2* dfcipieiiM exigiia . . . Hiiperba ^ . . . ^. LvoHoiiA 2a Lyoixira. ^ Ooldfussi .... ua MiCHKUNIA 2? Michelinia. *" Cl'ippii ^ convexa ^ favoNituidea qA MicttooYCLUS .'^, Microcyolus. '"" discuH . . Nyctotoua . . . NyctojKira. Billinifsii . . Omphyma Omnh^ma. Enphyle. . . verrucosa . . Pachyphyixum Pachyphylluin. Devoniense ■,.,. Pktraia. ... i'V Petraia. ^W profunda "'" „ pygrnrea i^fi Philmp.sastr«a ... iX? PhillipHMtrKa. ^^ 107 48 40 177 180 178 160 111 Billingsi . . . Verrilli .... Verrilli, var. 169 167 verrilli var. o.xiguum i,ju Verneuili JJ;" PAOB. 82 80 00 46 107 112 1'l.AHSHlpoliA I'laMiiKiiMira. f..|IiH „ [x'talifdrniis .'.'.'.'.. So Photahka Protarca. vctUHta .... v..tuHta, var.' magna;:::: iJV PycnoMtyluH. *"' «'''KnnH '"i.'ipiiensis ;;;; j*? HoMlNiiKUIA ^Yil Koniingnria. ■"' umlH-llifcra . .STHKnKI,AM.MA ' .' .' Htt<'ptclii.sm;i. Bngulatuiii ciilifuhm ,, coniicuhim . .. Ji^ latusculum. . . ir" latnsciilum, var. triiobatum: : . . 116 I>r()lihcum . . ii'i rectum : ]\° robuMtum },^. riiHticum j";' selectum ''" Hthiatopora ^^^ Striat()|H>ra. ^"^ flexuiwa Linncana . : : jx 'STYi,Am.:A ™ Ntylarmn. ^1 I'arva SYKIN(iOMTK.S . ^\ Hyringolites. ™ Huronensis . . . SVRINCOPOKA ... .SyringoiH)ra. bifiira-vta compacta .,.:::.: Dalmanii ....::: Hisingeri . . .'. ^_ infuiidibula : : "o intermedia : , 46 40 61 64 51 Maclurei T : ** nobiijH ....:: ^ perelegans :::.' 59 ramulosa "P reticulata ..::..' *'l retiformis.. ^1 _ verticillata.. °2 Tetrai)iu.m oO Tetradium. 02 fibratum . . Thaohyi'oha . : 93 Trachy|)()ra. 41 elegantula .... Zaphhe.vtis 41 Zaphrentis. US affinis cinguloHa US (figantea . . : .' ^24 incondita. . 125 Minas 123 mirabilis '28 patens . . 126 Shumardi 119 Stokesi . 121 120 I'AflK. 82 82 as 8!( 1)0 91 181 133 182 46 46 107 112 118 108 114 1-... 116 lis 117 109 • . . 110 • .. 113 40 40 40 91 91 46 46 49 61 64 51 67 63 60 64 59 Gl Gl 52 60 92 93 41 41 118 118 12-1 • 125 123 128 126 . 119 121 120 ill PLATE VI*. fOttr>,j,^^, ^ ALVKoiA^TA, OoldfuM (page 98). FiKur,. 1, Tm,.Hv..m. ,^ti.„. ,.f cnUlit. - <>( , .,K.ci,„.n fr..m Stewarf, ,„mrrv (un^r M»mlf,„nt). I„tIH. ....,.o,.,«„,., II, t.,wnNl,i,, „f M,.Nai„ [{....fr-w ,.■:„,„, , . ' "'"y- '""• ; 'nlarKedtwo ,inri H Imlf tiin.... ?"" 1... L.m„,rufARlA CALICINA, NicllolHOU (|)Uge'l02). Vmr. .. Tmnnverse H.-ction of a H,..,c.i„.e,. f.o.n .StivtHvill., ( „.t. ; ....larKe,! tw, a„d ft liiilf tiiiiex. Pbtraia profunda, Conrad (pujije lOo). Sir!' . f' • '"T "'," ''""'"'"" '^"•" f^" ■'"»"« t^'1-auflu.re, Ottawa. 0„t f |K"ro 5„. Lon^itiulnKil secai.m of tlu, Ham.. H,H.ci,nen. * igme o//. Th.. calyx of the name, ftH neen from alK,ve. Petraia pyom.ea, Billings (page 106). r Igiire ha. Loim'itudi.iivl s..ot,oii of the name Hiiechucn. i- .gurt- ../,. TranHverne H.ction of the »a>n., al.ov,. the iK.ttom of the calyx, Streptklasma cornic'ulu.w, Hall (page 108). Figure 7. .Si the same I.Kiality. Streptelasma selectum, Billinga (page 113). I'-igure H. Side ^i^- of a «,K,cin.e„ (one of the types of 5. pnLu,) fr„„, u,„,,he Bay Figure Hri. Longitudinal section of the same. STREPTELA8MA LATUSCIII.L M, Billings (page 114). Figure 9. .Side view of type specimen from the " Jumpers. " Antico ■. i . drawing [men '^" ''"^'"''' '^^"''"P*'™ '"^'^ >"'«^e from thiaT.Iec Figure 9a. Longitudinal section of the same. Ml the Hgures are of natural size, unli^i^erwise stated. cNab, K<>nfr>*w nd a hitif tiinxH. rge,"Lrtke St Mgei\ twoitiul ianmche Bay CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV .ATE VI L. M. Lambe.delt. II * CON Figure 1 Figure 2. Fig)ire 2a. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 4a. Figure 46. Figpire 4c. Figure 6. Figure 6. Figure 6a. Figure 66. Figure 7. Figure 7a, Figure 76. PLATE VII. Streptelasma robustum, Whiteaves (page 109). Transverse section of a specimen, from East Selkirk, Man., collected by the writer in 1890. Streptelasma kusticum, Billings (page 110). Side view of a specimen from Lake St. John, Que. Longitudinal section of the same specimen. Transverse section of a stouter specimen from the same locality. Streptelasma caliculus, Hall (page 113), Side view of a specimen from Grimsby, Ont., showing the position of one of the alar septa. Longitudinal section of the same. Transverse section of the same. Another view of the same specimen to show the surface markings indicating the iwsition of the cardinal septum. Streptelasma rectum, Hall (page 117). Transverse section of a specin.en from the Mackenzie River. Zaphrentis affinis, Billings (page 118). Side view of one of the type specimens, from Wreck Point, Anticosti Longitudinal section of the same. Transverse section of the same. Zaphrentis Minas, Dawson (page 128). Side view of one of the types from West River, Pictou, N S Longitudinal section of the same. Transverse section of the Rame. IT I I i Ilectc'd by tlu^ ion (if one of ITS indicating loosti. CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV. PLATE VII L. M. Lambe.pslt. COl Figure 1. Figure la. Figure 2. Figure 2a. PLATE VIII. Strkptelasma prolifica, BillingH (page 115). Tr" nJef r «' T'"7{^ ""'"'"''" ''■°'" '*"-' C".'nifero„B linu^stone of Ontario. 1 rauHN erse .ect.on of the same, benoath the bottom of th,. calyx. Zaphken'tis patens, Billings (page 119). Tlie type .spcoiinen, as .seen from above. ""1; t::::::^ t:t~ -^^ ^ ---^ ^°-^ -«- of the b^e = Zaphrentis Shumardi, Milne-Edwards and Haime (page 121) r.gure 3. Side view of^a «,e.i.„en from „.ar Owen Bound. Out. (one of the types o f Figure 3a. Transverse section of the same, igure 4. Longitudinal section of a specimen from Cap Bon Ami, N.B. Zaphrentis cinoulosa, Billings (page 124). ;t igure 5a. Longitudinal section of the same t igure 5I>. Transverse section of the same. /.., ine of Ontario. X, B of the base : I 121). the tyjiBs o f CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV. CC CsiBE^SSo PLATE VIIl L. M. Lambe.delt. w * 1 1 i i 1 i| M ': fj .1 CO PLATE IX. Zaphrentis Stokesi, Milne- Kdwards and Haime (page 120). Figure 1. Side vi.-w of u spccinicn from Lakf TemiBCiiming, i.tti... Figure la. Longitiuliiial stittion i.l thu miiiv. Figure 2. Trannvt-rH,. Hcction of a smaller H,*fiuien from the nnme loe ,lii v. Zaphhentis oiGANTEA, Lenueur (lugH 1J5). Figure 3. Longitudinal sec'ion of a «ix-cimen from near WinxlHtock, Out. Figure 3fl. Transverse section of the sau.e. Amplexus Yandklli, Milnc-Edwards and Haime (page 130). Figure 4. Side view of a specimen from near \Vo.xlstock, Ont. Figure 4a. Longitudinal section of the same. Figure 46. Transverse section of the same. Amplexus exius, Billings (page 131). Figure 5. Side view of the tyi)e specimen ; one-half the natural size. Figure 5a. Natural longitudinal section of the same ; one-half the natural size Figure 56. Transverse section of the same ; one-half the natural size. CONTR TO CAN. PAL.. VOL IV PLATE IX S7 i L. {vl. Lawljl.ijelt i 'A'rt:, 111 III m i PLATE X. Zaphhentis mihauius, Billings (page 126). Figuro 1. iSidH vi,.„. „f tl„. ty,,„ s,„.oiin..n : ..n.-thinl tl,o natural siz,. v|^!"" ;• ,^r"«'""'""^> -'-ti'- "f tlu. .a„», Hlu.winK th- cU.,.th of the c.ly.x. I'lpircl/,. I riiiiHv..rs(> awtioii of thf Hiuii... Amplkxus cmouLATUs, Billiuga (page 129). iKur,, . . Lu„KMtuecimen from East Point, Anticosti, Longitudinal section of one of the corallites ; twice the natural size 1 ransverse section of the same ; twice the natural size. Cyathopuylluai interruptum, Billings (page 137). Side view of the type specimen from Anse Ma Barbe, Baie des Chaleu,^ Que., one-half the natural size. «"eurs. Longitudinal section of the upper part of the same, showing the calyx Transverse section of the same. ^<^'yx.. Cyathophyllum Pennanti, Billings (page 138). Some of «^e cm^m^es^of the type s,3ecin,en from Anse au Gascon, Baie des Longitudinal section of one of the corallites ; twice the natural size 1 ransverse section of the same ; twice the natural size. Cyathophyllum Thoroldense (page 147). Figure 5. Side view of the type specimen from Thorold, Ont. 1 igure ua. Longitudinal section of the same. Figure 56. Transverse section of the same. Figure 1. Figure la. Figure U. Figure 2. Figfure 2a. Figure 2li. Figure 3. I'^igure 3f(. Figure 3//, Figure 4. Figure 4a, Figure 46. CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV. PLATE XI osti, Que. 36). oint, Anticosti, Jral size. 7). edes Chaleurs, : the calyx. ascon, Baie des 'al aize. m L. M. Lambe.delt. if PLATE XII. Cyathophyllum Zenkeri, Billings (page 138). Figure 1. Longitudinal Hection of the ty,,. Hpecimon, from near Port Colborne Ont showing the form of ttie calyx. ' Cyatiiopiiyllum Spenceri, Lambe (page 139). Figure 2. A few of the coralliteB of the ty.K, H,*cime„ from Dawson Bay, Lake Winni- liegosiH. ?Zl i tZ';""""' 7"""/'. """ "' ''*- "'™""^"' ' '^^'- 'he natural size. * igure 2i. TransverBe section of the san.e ; twice the natural size. Cyathopiiyllum G.KSPiTosuM, Goldfuss (page 145) """ '■ ' '" IS "is; Kit*' •'""■"' •™ "- ''" ■"-■ - '^' r,su„ 3.. L„„gi„„|i,,,„ „„„ „, „„ „, „,„ ^„„,„,^,^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ natural size. Figure 36. Transverse section of the same ; twice th^ natural size. Cyathophyllum Dawsoni, Lambe (page 147). rJ^ure t t"^" "!Z "V" '^^' '"''■'"™ ^'■'"" K^nnet'^ook, Nova Scotia, i-igure 4a. Longitudinal section of the same. Figure 46. Transverse section of the same. Cyathophyllum Pasituea, Billings (page 148). Figure 5. Side view of the type specimen from Anso A la VieiUe, Baie des Chaleurs, Figure r>a. Longitudinal section of the same. Figure 56. Transverse section of the same. Cyathophyllum quadrigeminum, Goldfuss (page 153). FiSre 7' ?^'^"'' °* " ""'" "'''""'" '■■"'" '^^ " ««">P">-ts, ' Mackenzie River. Figure 7. Transver.e^section of a few corallites of a larger specimen from the same S,r n' J""""'.''''' T''°'. °^ ™" "^ '^'" '=°™'"'<"' ' '^^i«« 'he natural size, .gure . 6, Longitudinal section of the same, showing the calyx , twice the natural size. blborne, Ont., , Lako V/inni- I size. iver, near the ^x ; twice the les Chaleurs, )■ iiver. m the same natural aize. CONTR. TO CA . PAL., VOL IV, PLATE XI L. M, Lambe.delt. J PLATE XIII. CKKMOOPHYI.LUM Ahciuaoi, Billings (page 1B4). Figure 1. r..ngit.Kli„al ««ctio„ of one of the cor»IIit.. „f „ „„,,„„„. ,,„„ ,,„^,„^^ „. <>"t.; twice tluMiiitiinilMize. ^ m i nodtord. F.g„ro la. Tra„HV,.r... nection of the Ha.ne ; twice tho natural «!,«. CKEPiuopi.yLLUM COLL.OATUM, Billings (page 165) Fir.re 2. A few .,,.« .,^, „.,,..,.. ,,,„ ,... ^,,^^^,_. , _,^ ^^.^ ^__ ^^^^^^^__^_^^^^ DlPHYHHVLLUM CAJSPITOSUM, Hall (p„ge 158) OiravpiniLnii iiultihaulk, Hull (p„ge 159) D,PBVPHV,..„., v™„.„„,»,., MiJ„„Edw.„l, .„„ H.,„,. („, ,jj, inand county, Ont "aipoie, Haldi- Figure 5a. Longitudinal section of a con.llite showinir tl>« vt growtli ; twice the natiual Mize. ""^ °"*- DiPHYPHYLLUM SlMCOKNSE. Billing, (page 161) Fig..re 66. Tran«ver«e section of the LL!Z":^lTtliT ""'""' ''''■ {^sf-oio^kd Hmtm^ of CsBHi^a, CuNTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL IV PI. ATP. ym X 2. X 2. ^ L. M. Lambe.delt, ft I Figure 2. PLATE XIV. DiPHYPHYLLUM ABCNDiNACEUM, BiUings (page 162). Figure 1. Side view of^corallit«H of a specimen from the Corniferous formation of On- fc^- te^!;i^^;^^^;rff'KtJ^Si^^--'«i- AcERVULARiA GRACILIS, Billings (page 163). TransverHe section of some of the corallites of the type specimen from Mani- Umaumg, Grand Manitoulin Island, Lakelluroln • UWce the n^uri Figure 2a. I-on^itudmal^^-t^ion of two of the corallites, showing the calyces , twice the ACERVULARIA Davidsoni, Milne-Edsvards and Haime (page 164). Figure 3. TransverBe section of corallites of a specimen from near Woodstock, Ont. PHILLIPSASTR.EA Verneuili, Milne-Edwards and Hai^ne (page 166) Figure 4. A few "1^^^^- ^-l-j^n f.m lot ., concession , Rainham town- Phillipsastr.ba Verrilli, Meek (page 167) PW . Partof ^::^^^^^l^^^>^^ f.m Vermilion Falls, P«.e l..ure ^ Transve^es^tjon^of^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .om the «ame specimen; one and a half Figure 56. Longitu.linal^section of corallite. fron, the same s,x,cimen ; similarly en- Figure 6. Part of the ui^,er surface of a specimen, with somewhat smaller corallites from rtay R.ver, forty miles above its n.onth, District 7Atlmbasca. Phillipsa8Tr^.a Verrilli, var. eximium (page 168) Figx,re 7. A few of the calyces of a specimen from the same localityon the Hay River. Pachyphyllum Devoniense, Milne-Edwards and Haime (pa<.e 170) i.gure 8.. A 'ong.tudmal section of corallites from the same specimen ; similarly en- Lonsdaleia Pictoense, Billings (page 173). Figure 9. longitudinal s,.tio„,,f^,„e "f the convllites of the type specimen f:K,m East Ficriim q« T..„.,=„ "•' *^'^'^' f •'^'ou, j\..*<. ; twice the natural size. Figure ^a. l™-ver- -ct,™^^^^^ ^,^^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^^^_^ ^^.^ Clisiophyllum Billin(3si, Dawson (page 174). Figure 10. Sideview^oMhe^ty^H, specimen from Lower Stewiacke. county of Col- Figure 10a. Longitudinal section of the same, showing the calyx. LiTHOSTRoTioN Macouni, Lam be (page 176). Figure 11. A few o^.the c,,rallites of the type specimen from Fossil Point. Peace te 11^ fc^^e-tis^^cS^^sK;tK/::li^fe Arachnopkyllum diffluens, Milne-Edwards and Haime (page 183) Figure 12. Part of the calicular surface of a specimen from Owen Sound, Ont. CONTR TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV, PLATE XIV L. M..LAMBE,DeLT. Figure 1, Figure lo,. Figure 2. Figure 2o. Figure 26. Figure 3. Figure 3a. Figure 4. PLATE XV. Blothrophyllum decorticatum, Billings (page 171). Longitudinal section of a type specimen from the county of Haldimand. Ont. ' Transverse section of the same. Omphyma Eriphyle, Billings (page 180). TyiK. specimen from Anse h la Barbe, Baie des Chaleurs, Que.; reduced one" half. Longitudinal section of the same. Transverse section of the same. ARACHNOPHYLtUM PENTAGONUM, GoldfuSS (page 181). Part of the calicular surface of a specimen from Grand Manitoulin Island, iiake Huron. Septal ridges showing the double rows of pore-openings ; magnified four times. Arachnophyllcm mamillarb, Dale Owen (page 182). Part of the ureer surface of a specimen from Grand Manitoulin Island. Ijake Huron. ' CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL, IV. PLATE XV Figure 1. Figurp 2. Figure 3. Figure 3a. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure C. Figure 7. PLATE XVI. AcuopiiYLLUM Oneidaense, BiUJngs (page 175). Hide view of a H,«cimen from the Crnifennm formation of Ontari.,, Hhowu.g the calyx ,n p.T8,,,.ctive and part of the tabulate and vesicular area« 111 longituduial Hection, TranHvexse section of another sjwoimen. Ahachnophyllum eximium, Billin-s (pj.ge 184). Part of the calicul,.»r surface of the tyin, h,h., i.nen from West Point, Grand Manitoulm Island, Lake Huron. Longitudinal section of one of the corallites of the same ; twice the natural Transverse section of a corallite of another specimen f«,m Grand Manitoulin Island ; enlarged two diameters. Chonopiiyllum Belli, Billings (page 186). Side view of th.. tyi^e «,oecimon f.om the east side of the village in the bight of West Hay, Grand Manitoulin Island, Lake Huron ^ Ihe calyx of another six-cimen, as seen from above; from half a mile north- Lake Hul^r"^" ''' ^^^ *'^^""'*""' "'■""'^ Manitoulin Island, CVSTIPHYLI.UM NiAGAKENSE, Billings (page 190). Sideview of a specimen from Cookburn Island, Lake Huron (type of C CONTR. TO CAN. PAL. VOL IV PLATE XVI r>/l . L. A ^4 D E. D E LT. CONT S, I Figfurc 1. Figure la. Figure V>. Figure 1«, Figtiro 2. Figiue 3. I'Mgiire 3a. Figure 36. Figure 4. PLATE X7II. CiioNOPiiYLLUM Canadense, Billing.s (page 185). Type si)ocinien, as Heen from above, showing the calyx and the horizontal frill-like extonHion mirromiding it ; from South-west Point, Anti- coHti. One half the natural Nize. Side view )f the same ; one half the natural ni/.e. The raisixl concentric uiarkingN of the upixT surface. Diagrammatic section of the ty\Hi s|K'oime« ; one lialf the natural size Longitudinal section through the caly.x of a young individual from South- west I'oint, Anticosti. liongitudiiuil Kwtion through tlu! calyx (,f a larger siwcimon from the same place Part of the sivme section, enlarged twice, to show the structure. Transverse section of the specimen, rei.reseiited in figure 3, through the vis- ceral cliamlKu- a little aVK)ve the base. Vertical tangential section, showing tlie suiHrimiiosed layers of two septal ridges, almut midway between the raised calicular an^v and the edge of the lateral extension , from another siiecimen from Soutli- west Point, Anticosti. Twice the natural size. lb. (^5*0 l0git Jill fersirg ©IT Canada, C0^4TR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV PLATE XVII l,M I.AMBC.PFi Figure 1. Figure la. Figure 2. Figure 2a. Figure S. Figure 4. Figure 4a. Figure 46. PLATE XVIII. Chonophyllom nymphale, Billings (page 187). Side view of the type specimen from Anse k la Vieille, Baie des Chaleurs, Que.; three-fourths the natural size. Longitudinal section of the same. On account of their smallness the vesicles are shown only in plares. Cystiphyllum MARiTiMUM, Billings (page 191). Side view of the type specimen from Anse i la Vieille, Baie des Chaleurs. Que. ' Longitudinal section of the same. As in figure 1« the vesicular structure is here also only partially represented. Cystiphyllum aggregatum, Billings (page 193). Side view of a few corallitesof a specimen from lot 6. concession 13, town, ship of Walpole, Haldimand county, Ont. CAYDG.BA Whitkavesiana (page 196). The type specimen from the north half of concession 1, lot 53, Cayuga town- ship, county of Haldimand, Ont. ; one-half the natural size. Longitudinal section of the same ; three-fourths the natural size, irans verse sectioa of the same ; similarly reduced CONTR. TO CAN. PAL., VOL. IV PLATE XVin L. M. LaMEl-.ue-''