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Les diagrammes sulvants iilustrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 ';i>/ *i *% .^' '^-« *ii^ ^*«**»*-i%-».*«- -±«^ •iW-"*^***' ^♦* iqii^ ^wi, ■■;uv .•*^ /" %^ '.V-.J- ,f3 V'- \ \ V ' s N. N NSV A\V,\ N\ V. \ \ ! >■., \ \ V \\ / 'A ->'',V>^^ \\\\xvy. ^^'%\ ; k\ '^ , ff/tf/ f//ff/rrf/jf I'ff/^/Yj/f/fm ///C^^^/^ A HISTOKICAX. RECOKBS (• z' V yf/j//'/' r J G ^// ^r 7tir//ffrf/ ^>oofo/t £.s'//? J) ///ff/// — ^ /i J^tftt/rf/ t.ff /ff^Afjf/'/ I : (1)1^;^ J t* ^\- > HISTORICAL RECORDS OF THS BRITISH ARMY. PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRBOTION OF THB ADJUTANT-GENERAL. THE LIFE GUARDS. LONDON I'rtated by William Clowes nnd Sons, 14, Charing Cross. GENERAL ORDERS. HORSEOUARDS, Ut January, 1836. His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regi- ments, as well as to Individuals who have distin- guished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regi- ment in the British Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant- General ; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars : viz., The Period and Circumstances of the Ori- ginal Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, in which it has been engaged, particularl specifying any Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and Date of the Action. a 2 GENERAL ORDERS. The Names of those Officers, who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. . The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers and Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. And, The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Right Honourable GENERAL LORD HILL, Commanding'tri' Chief. John Macdonald, Adjutant- General, '•-4iH. t PREFACE. The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour^ by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the ' London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred into the public prints : the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the PREFACE. i I \ Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will hence- forth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of war, which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the PREFACE. country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agri- culturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valu- able life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. ,o"- •;, ^- ^^^..-i :» ,.'-y':» « /■••n'r't);->Tij ;'f:i i^-nnu^ The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endur- ance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying diffi- culties ; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main tained their advantages against superior numbers. . < : > In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed ; but the details of their services, and of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's Office ; and while the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Evprit de Corps—an attach- r PHKFACE. i ■ " i ment to every thing belonging to their Reginaent ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, -the valiant, — the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilised people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who^ in moments of danger and terror, have stood, " firm as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen, — our brothers — our fellow-citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the pabli^:. Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully bet forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a diiitinct number, so that when the whole ihall be completed, the Parts mny be bound up in numerical succession. / HISTORICAL RECORD t ; to such trps cannot ;he actions irs been of lie. Great noments of ks of their :en arrayed iir Country I record of surprising, ow-citizens the brave, ainly prove itinguished respective mve, from testifying faithfully UF THE LIFE GUARDS CONTAININU AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE CORPS IN THE YEAR 1660, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1836. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. THE SECOND EDITION. d of each that when >und up ill LON DON : PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, OR ME, AND CO., PATKRNOSTKM.UOW j AND BY MESSRS. CLOV^rES AND SONS, 14, CiivRiNtt Cross ; AND TO «■ HAD U» ALL ■OUK«BLI,«Hli. 1840. !l ! LONDON: Vrlutoi! by Wim.tam ('i,<>wk« nnd Son^* Oiike ^trrpt. Lniiiliftli. % INTRODUCTION. The first standing forces employed by the Kings of England were their own personal guards. There can be no doubt but that, from the establishment of the monarchy, the sovereign had select armed attendants in addition to the constitutional forces of the kingdom ; but there does not appear to have been a regularly- embodied corps of guards previous to the reign of Richard I., who instituted the " Serjeants at Arms," a body of twenty-four archers, whose duties were to keep watch round the King's tent, in complete armour, with a bow, arrows, and a sword, and to arrest traitors and other offenders about the court. Henry VII. established, on the 30th of October, 1485, a band of fifty chosen archers to attend his person, called the " Yeomen of the Guard," and Henry VIII. in 1509, ordained fifty gentlemen to be " Spears;"— with each an archer, a demilance, and a custrell, to at- tend him ; to be clothed in the most sumptuous apparel, and to have trappings and furniture of gold cloth, &c. a -2 "i i: IV INTRODUCTION. This corps was soon afterwards disbanded ; but it was restored in December, 1539, upon a much less expen- sive establishment, with the title of " Gentlemen Pen- sioners." The Serjeants at Arms have ceased to be considered a corps of guards, but they retain their civil character : the Yeomen of the Guard continue to form a part of the regal establishment ; and His Majesty King William IV. was graciously pleased to command, on the 17th March, 1834, that the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners should be in future called the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms. ■ The Yeomen of the Guard and Gentlemen Pen- sioners added to the splendour of the court, while the ancient costume of the former revived the memory of past ages ; but on the breaking out of the troubles in the winter of 1641, it was discovered that they afforded no real protection to the sovereign in time of danger, and many of the officers belonging to the army recently disbanded were formed into a guard for the safety of the royal person. In the following year, when King Charles I. erected his standard, a number of gentlemen of quality were formed into a troop of guards, of wliich the Lord Bernard Stewart was appointed captain ; and INTRODUCTION. but it WHS less expeii- tlemen Pen- j considered character : I part of the ng William )n the 17th ' Gentlemen Honourable emen Pen- while the memory of troubles in ey afforded of danger, ny recently e safety of i^hen King gentlemen 8, of which jtain ; and tlieir servants were constituted a second troop under the orders of Sir William Killegrew, and always ac- companied their masters. A third troop of guards was also formed for the Queen under the command of Cap- tain Edward Bret, and styled " Her Majesty's Own Troop." The Queen withdrawing to France, this ^ troop was added to the other two, and the three were ■ «;,' [constituted a regiment under the command of Lord Bernard Stewart, who was elevated to the dignity of Earl of Lichfield. At the same time an additional troop was established, of which the Earl of Lindsey was appointed commander. These were the first English forces which were designated •* Life Guards :" they signalized themselves in several engagements Iwith the forces of the parliament, and the Earl of ^Lichfield was killed in 1645, in a sharp cavalry action under the walls of Chester, where his regiment was nearly annihilated. When King Charles I, fell into the power of Crom- m well, many loyal gentlemen who had fought in his cause I fled to the continent; and in 1657 a number of them •| was constituted a troop of guards under the orders of Captain Charles Berkeley, and taken into the Spanish I service, with the title cf " His Royal Highness the ^ / _ INTRODUCTION. Duke of York's troop of Guards." These gallant ca- valiers acquired distinction by their valour, particularly at the battle of Dunkirk on the 14th of June, 1658, where they charged one of Cromwell's regiments of foot and sustained severe loss. After the peace of the Pyrenees in 1659, their services were no longer re- quired by the Spanish monarch, and they remained in the Netherlands anxiously waiting an opportunity to array themselves under the royal standard in England. The exile of these cavaliers terminated at the Re- storation in 1660, when King Charles II. established a corps of Life Guards, into which they were incorpo- rated. His Majesty added a regiment of Horse Guards, and two regiments of Foot Guards ; and a third regi- ment of Foot Guards was raised in Scotland. These corps, having been continued in the service to the present time, constitute the British Household Troops : their formation was the commencement of the present Regu- lar Army*; and such additions have from time to time * There are two regiments of font in the army of much older date than 1660, viz., the first or the Royal, and the third or the Buffs : the former had been in the service of France, and the latter in that of Holland, from the time of Queen Elizabeth ; but they did not obtain rank in the English army until they arrived in England :— the Royals in 1661, and the Buffs in 1665. INTRODUCTION. VII y been made, — of regiments of horse, dragoons, and foot, — as the occasions of the nation have required. The first number of the Records of the Army con- tains an account of the services of the Life Guards. As these corps were formed for the protection of the sovereign, and for the performance of the duties of the court, and of the metropolis, the record of their services naturally assumes a character different, in many respects, from that of regiments of the line. The fine appearance of the British Household Ca- valry, the steadiness and discipline of the men, and the high condition of the horses, have ever been objects of general admiration. The forward and gallant bearing of these corps, when opposed to a foreign enemy, has at all times presented a striking and exemplary con- trast to the temper, the patience, and the forbearance, which have distinguished their conduct when employed on difiicult and painful duties at home. >Ji .^■i"" ^i;-:';-'.> ^ ■ r CONTENTS. /' CHAPTER I. PAGE Foiinatiou of the Life Guards — Arrival in England — Public entry of the King into London— Duties, Uniform, &c. — Insurrection of the Millenarians- Establishment of the Guards— Names of Officers — A troop of Scots Life Guaids raised— Coronation of Charles II.— The Kings Marriage — The second troop of Scots Life Guards raised -The Plague in London — A Marshal added to the Establishment -The great Fire of Ix)ndon — Rank of Officers — Rebellion m Scotland— Augmentation of the Life Guards — The second Scots troop disbanded ....... CHAPTER II. The Duke of Munmouth's appointment— Reduction — Review — Alteration in the Rank and Title of the second and third troops — Procession to the House of Lords — Funeral of the Duke of Albemarle— Augmentation — Guard to Portsmouth —Their Majesties' visit to the City — War with Holland- Detachment on foreign service — Capture of Orfoy, Rhine- berg, Emmerick, Doesburg, Zutphen, and Maestricht — Augmentation — Their Majesties' visit to the City — Sundry duties — Adjutant appointed— Marriage of Princess Mary — War with France — Grenadiers raised — Duties of the Life Guards — State Clothing — Chamberlayne's description of the Corps— Table for the Officer on duty — Revolt of the Covenanters— Battle of Bothwell Bridge — The Duke of Monmouth's removal — Horse Grenadiers disbanded — Rifle Carbines — Detachment for Tangier— Parties to Oxford — The Duke of York's Journey to Scotland— Their Majesties' visitto Cambridge The Duke of York's return to England — Rye-House Plot — Horse Grenadier Guards again raised — Review on Putney Heath 27 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. Death of Charles II. — Accession of James II. — ^The commis- sion of Captain of all the Life Guardsof Horse— The King goes openly to Mass — Coronation — The Duke of Monmouth invades England — Life Guards join the Army — Skirmish at Caniston bridge — Skirmish at Philips Norton— Battle of Sedgemoor — Encampments at Hounslow — A fourth troop of Life Guards raised — Review — ^The King visits the Sea- ports, and also the City of London — Arbitrary Measures of the King— The Army augmented — ^The Prince of Orange lands in England — Army assembles at Salisbury — Move- ments of the Life Guards — Skirmish at Wincanton— The King reviews his Troops and returns to London — ^The Eng- lish Army retires — ^The King leaves London privately — The Army disbanded — ^The King returns to London — The Dutch Guards occupy Whitehall — ^The English Guards leave London— King James quits the Kingdom CHAPTER IV. Accession of William and Mary — ^The fourth froop of Life Guards disbanded, and the Dutch troop numbered the fourth troop — King James lands in Ireland — ^The second troop of Life Guards proceeds to Holland — Battle of Walcourt — ^The first, third, and fourth troops attend King William to Ire- land — ^The second troop returns to England — Operations of the Army in Ireland — Battle of the Boyne — Relief of Birr — Life Guards return to England — Hostilities on the Continent — ^The third and fourth troops proceed to Holland —Campaign of 1691 — Skirmish near Catoir — ^The first troop of Life Guards proceeds to the Netherlands— Cam- paign of 1692 — Battle of Steenkirk— Campaign of 1693 — Battle of Landen— The Horse Grenadier Guards formed into a troop — The second troop of Life Guards embarks for Holland— Campaign in 1694— Campaign of 1695 — Siege of Namur — Campaign in 1696 — Peace of Ryswick — Life Guards return to England — ^The Dutch troop embarks for Holland — Alterations in the Uniform— Review in Hyde Park— Death of William III CHAPTER V. Accession of Queen Anne — ^War with France- A troop of Horse Grenadier Guards raised in Scotland— The Queen VkQU 71 88 CONTENTS. xi PAOB goes in state to St. Paul's — Standards and Colours taken at Blenheim deposited in Westminster Hall — Standards and Colours taken at Ramilies deposited in Guildhall — ^The Union of Scotland with England — Alarm of foreign inva- sion — Scots LifeOuards march to London — Riots in London — Peace with France — Death of Queen Anne — Accession of George I. — ^Life Guards meet the King at Greenwich* and attend him in his grand public entry into London — His Majesty dines in the City, and goes in state to St. Paul's— Rebellion in Scotland — Camp in Hyde Park — ^The Prince of Wales reviews the Life Guards — War with France —The King reviews his Life Guards — The King of Spain fits out a Fleet to invade England — Riots in London — Prices of Commissions — Camp in Hyde Park — Funeral of the Duke of Marlborough— Changes of Quarters— Death of King George I. . . . . . .111 CHAPTER VL Accession of George IL — Duties of the Life Guards at the commencement of this reign — Marriage of the Princess Royal — Marriage of the Prince of Wales — Reviews — Strength of Royal escorts— War on the Continent— Life Guards embark for Flanders — Campaign in 1743— Battle of Dettingen— Campaign in 1744— Campaign in 1745 — Battle of Fontenoy — Rebellion in Scotland— Life Guards return to England— The third and fourth troops disbanded — Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle — Quarter-Masters and Cor- porals of Horse appointed— The Standard of the second troop of Life Guards ordered to be blue — Death of King George II. — The Officers ordered to wear mourning- Funeral of his late Majesty 132 88 CHAPTER VII. Accession of George III.— Light Dragoons take the King's travelling escort-duty— Installation of the Knights of the Bath— Queen Charlotte arrives in England — Coronation — Their Majesties visit the City— Proclamation of War — Installation of Knights of the Garter— Peace proclaimed— Sundry duties, reviews, &c. of the Life Guards— Riots in Xll CONTKNTS. HAOK London in 178U— Reviews, &c. — The troops of Life Guards formed into Regiments — Reviews, &c. — Standards taken at Martinico Imlgcd in St. Paul's Cathedral— Naval Victory — Marriage of the Prince of Wales— Pay of the Army increased — Contribution in aid of the War — Reviews — Alterations in the Establishment — Camp on Hou)\slow Heath — Kiots in London — His Majesty's indisposition - The Prince of Wales appointed Regent — Alterations in the Uniform 156 CHAPTER Vni. Life Guards embark for foreign service — Land at Lisbon — March to join the Army — Campaign of 1813 — Rattle of Vittoria— Battle of the Pyrenees — Operations of the Army — Battle of Toulouse — Peace concluded — Life Guards return to England — Public entry of Louis XVIIL into London — Review in Hyde Park — Review on Blackheath — Distuvb- ances in London— Buonaparte regains the throne of France — War with France— Life Guards embark for Flanders — Reviews— Advance of the French Army — ^Battle of Wa- terloo — Surrender of Paris— Reviews— Life Guards return to England — Medals issued to the Officers and Men — Alteration in the Uniform — Opening of Waterloo Bridge — Funeral of Queen Charlotte — Reduction of the Establish- ment — Accession of George IV. — Funeral of George IIL — Reviews, changes of quarters, &c. — Cuirasses issued to the Household Brigade- Coronation of George IV. — Grenadier Caps worn by the Life Guards — Sundry reviews, changes of quarters, &c. — Funeral of George IV. . . .174 II CHAPTER IX. Accession of William IV. — Review of the second regiment — Review in Hyde Park— Change of quarters — ^Their Majes- ties arrive at Brighton — Riots — Alteration in the esta- blishment— Presentati(m of silver kettle-dru7 u — T^ovif -v — Change of quarters — Opening of London Hri'k«'i-—Ci"»ro- nation — Reviews — Chaujre of quarters -'.irrr'i'' r ;aps adopted— Sundry duties 221 CONTENTS. xin Nv-f vi.nr:" SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. ' --1 . \ THE FIRST TROOP. NOW THE FIRST KEGIMKNT. Charles, Lord Gerard James, Duke of Monmouth Christopher, Duke of Albemarle Louis, Earl of Feversham Richard, Earl of Scarborough .Irnold, Earl of Albemarle Henry, Earl of Portland John, Lord Ashburnham John, Duke of Montague Henry, Lord Herbert John, Lord Cutherlough John, Duke of Montague John, Lord De la Warr . John, Second Earl De la Warr William John, Marquis of Lothian Joseph, Lord Dover Charles, Earl of Harrington Stapleton Cotton, Viscount Combermere PAGE 233 234 23C 237 238 240 241 242 243 244 245 THE SECOND TROOP, NOW THE SECOND REGIMENT. Sir Philip Howard George, Duke of Northumberland James, Duke of Ormond George. Duke of Northumberland Alger nun, Earl of Hertford Charles, Duke of Marlborough Charles, Lord Cadogan . Lord Robert Bertie Jeffery, Lord Amherst . William, Earl Cathcart . 246 247 249 250 251 252 253 ,1 \ I XIV CONTENTS. THIRD TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. (disbanded.) Sir Charles Berkeley ...... Louis, Earl of Feversham John, Lord Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough James, Duke of Berwick ..... John, Earl of Marlborough ..... Richard, Viscount Colchester .... Charles, Earl of Arran ...... George, Lord Newburgh ..... William-Anne, Earl of Albemarle .... James, Lord Tyrawley ...... PAGE 254 255 260 1 263 * 264 265 266 FOURTH, OR SCOTS TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. (disbanded.) James, Earl of Newburgh John, Earl of Athole James, Marquis of Montrose George, Lord Livingston James, Earl of Drumlanrig Archibald, Earl of Argyle John, Duke of Argyle . John, Earl of Dundonald George, Lord Forrester . Richard, Viscount Shannon Francis, Earl of Effingham John, Earl of Crawford . 268 269 270 272 274 THE SECOND SCOTS TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. (disbanded in 1668.) John, Earl of Rothes 76 FOURTH ENGLISH TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. (disbanded.) Henry, Lord Dover 277 THE DUTCH TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. (sent back to HOLLAND.) Henry, Count uf Nassau, Seigneur D'Auverquer<|ue . 278 CONTENTS. XV FIRST TROOP OF HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS. (disbanded.) PAGE The Honourable George Cholmondeley .... 279 Richard, Viscount Lumley The Honourable John Fane Sir Robert Rich, Bart. . Sir Charles Hotham, Bart 280 James Dormer Richard, Viscount Cobham 281 Richard Onslow ........ 282 Thomas, Earl of Effingham James, Viscount Cantilupe ...... 283 John, Lord Howard SECOND, OR SCOTS TROOP OF HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS. (disbanded.) William, Lord Forbes 284 John, Earl of Crawford . George, Earl Marischal Henry, Earl of Deloraine George, Lord Forrester The Honourable Henry Berkeley . Francis, Earl of Effingham James, Earl of Crawford James, Lord Tyrawloy . John, Earl of Rotlms . William, Earl of Harrington . Jeffery, Lord Amherst . His Royal Highness, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany ..... Hut>h, Earl Percy 294 285 286 287 288 British and Hanoverian Army at Waterloo, as formed in Divisions and Brigades ...... 2'.I6 LIST OF PLATES. -^ r.r Uniform of 1661 . to facft Page 16 M 1685 • • ■ •« „ 78 It 1742 • • •* ., 138 ♦» 1788 • ■• ,. 166 •I 1815 „ 202 M 1836 „ 232 niSTORICA J. RECORD Ol'- THE LIFE GUARDS. Page 16 78 ,. 138 . 166 I, 202 . 232 CHAPTER I. Formation of the Life Guards — Arrival in England — Public entry of the King into London— Duties, Uniform, &c. — Insurrection of the Millenarians— Establishment of the Guards — Names of Officers — A troop of Scots Life Guards raised — Coronation of Charles II. — The King's Marriage— The second troop of Scots Life Guards raised' — The Plague in London — A Marshal added to the Establishment — The great Fire of London — Rank of Officers — Rebellion in Scotland — Augmentation of the Lifo Guards— The second Scots Troop disbanded. The corps of Life Guards derives its origin l^>fi<^ troni the interesting events which occurred in the summer of l()60, when tlie Britisli nation, jifter suffering successively from the horrors of civil war, the lawless usurpations of tiie republicans, and the petty tyranny of pojndar leaders striving for mastery, was delivered from anarchy and despotism by the restoration of monarchical government, and King Charles II. ascended the throne of his an- cestcu's. The want of an efl&cient corps of guards having been seriously experienced in the preceding reign, the King rescdved to remedy this evil, and before his Majesty (piilted IIollanrivate gen- tlemen having been lieutenant-colonels, majors, and captains. The Duke of York's troop was, at the same time, re-established in the Netherlands ; its captain. Charles Berkeley, ^vas knighted, and * The original title of the corps was ' His Majesty's Guards;' by historians they were generally styled ' Life Guards,' sometimes • Horse Guards," and occasionally * Body Guards.' In official documents they were usually styled 'Horse Guards." In their own troop books, the London Gazette, and Records in tiie War Ottice, the terms 'Life Guards 'and ' Horse Guards ' are both used ; and as the former title was Anally established on tlio form- ation of the troops into regiments, in 1788, it is adopted in these records. •(• MercuriuK Pubhcus of 'Jnd June, KiOO. W: 6 HISTORICAL RECORD OF '1 ]■ ilil I i 1660 it was placed in garrison at Dunkirk. Both troops were equipped as cuirassiers. The particular services to be performed by the Life Guards were not defined by regulation ; they mounted guard at the palace, and attended the King when he rode out, and their commander, Lord Gerard, was included in his Majesty's house- hold. His office was styled ' Captain of the Life Guard,' and his duty is thus described by Cham- berlayne, in his Anglicse Notitia. ' The office of * the Captain of the Life Guard is at all times of * war, or peace, to wait upon the King's Person * (as oft as he rides abroad) with a considerable * number of horsemen well armed, and prepared ' against all dangers whatsoever.' A taste for ornament prevailed among the ca- valiers, and was encouraged by the court, and the costume of the Life Guards was particularly splendid. The private gentlemen wore round hats with broad brims, and a profusion of white feathers drooping over the brim ; scarlet coats richly orna- mented with gold lace, the sleeves wide, with a slash in front, and the lace lengthways from the shoulder to the wrist ; white collars, which were very broad, and being turned over the vest, covered the neck and spread over part of the shoulders ; scarlet sashes round the waist, and tied behind ; large ruffles at the wrist, and long hair flowing over their shoulders. Their boots were of jacked leather, and came up to about the middle of the thigh. Their defensive armour were cuirasses* and iron * Plute-armoui- was first introduced into England in the middle of the fourteenth century, previous to which period the defeni^ive i THE LIFE GUARDS. head-pieces called potts; and their weapons were 1660 shoi-t carbines, pistols, and swords, with a carbine- belt suspended across the left shoulder. They rode long-tailed horses of superior weight and power ; and on public occasions the tail was usually tied up, and, together with the head and mane, deco- rated with a profusion of ribands. Their horse furniture was holster-caps richly ornamented, and a plain saddle-cloth. When attending His Ma- jesty they carried their carbines in their right hands, with the butt resting upon the thigh. The uniform of the ofiicers was similar to that of the privates, but much more splendid, particularly the horse furniture. Shortly after the King's arrival in England, the 1661 necessity of having an efficient guard was manifest. On the evening of the 6th of January, 1661, a party of Life Guards was suddenly called out, to proceed into the city ; where a number of desperate fanatics, called " millenarians" or " fifth- monarchy men," had broken out into open rebellion. Declaring themselves called upon to set up the kingdom of Christ with the sword, about sixty of them, well armed, many of them with cuirasses and iron head-pieces, and led by Thomas Venner their preacher, sallied out of their meeting-house in Swan Alley, Coleman Street, and being joined by others of their party, proceeded from street to street proclaiming King Jesus, committing acts of armour in use consisted either of small iron links, passing through each other so as to resemble closely-matted net-work, or of small laminoB of metal, laid over one another like the t^cale8 of a fish. When plate-armour was first introduced, the head, body, and limbs ware completely covered. it ■I 8 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1661 violence, and even murder. While traversing the city tliey were attacked by a party of the trained bands, whom they repulsed ; but being informed the Life Guards were approaching, they fled to St. John's Wood, and subsequently to Caen Wood, between Hampstead and Highgate. On the following day a detachment of Life Guards, and two hundred foot, under Sir Thomas Sandys, were sent in pursuit of the fanatics, and meeting with them, about twelve o'clock that night, in a thick part of the wood, a conflict ensued, and several were killed on both sides;* but after a few shots, the rebels fled, and suc- ceeded in eluding the military until the morning of the 9th, when they re-entered the city. A detach- ment of twenty men from the guard at Whitehall, under Colonel Corbet, a sub-corporal of the Life Guards, was sent against them. The Life Guards met the fanatics in Wood Street, Cheapside, in a narrow place, where horse could not, without much diflliculty, attack them. 'Howe/er, Corbet with * nine of his guard charged, and here (to give the ' rebels their due) they disputed as if they had a * greater number and a better cause : five or six ' of the rebels were killed, and divers wounded, ' amongst whom was their spiritual captain, Ven- * We found them in a thick part of the wood. They discharged their pieces at us ; but, the moon setting, they got from us, and hurried back a,&;ain to London, where they met with the fate every body knows. Their captain and about twenty more were hanged, drawn, and quartered : about twenty of them were killed in their several skirmishes ; and about as many of the King's men, one of whom was shot not far from me in Caen Wood, — Memoirs of Sir John Rtreshy. THE LIFE GUARDS. 5'*' ' iier.'* The fanatics being dispersed by the Lite 1661 Guards, fled, and eventually took shelter in a house which they were resolute to defend to the last ex- tremity. The house being surrounded, and untiled, they were fired upon from every side, but they re- fused quarter: the people rushed in upon them and seized the few who were alive : these Mere tried, condemned, and executed. The j)rivate gentlemen of the Life Guards, who charged the fanatics in Wood Street, were Co- lonel Corbet, Sir Horatio Carew, Lieutenant-Co- lonel Luntley, Major Bennet Henshaw, Captain Henry Cleaver, Captain John Maden, Captain Henry Chapman, Captain Timothy Doughty, Mr. Adderly, and Mr. Ralph Skipwith. Captain Doughty was wounded by a cut in the head, and Captain Maden by a shot in the thigh. Immediately after the suppression of this rebel- lion, the King commanded the Duke of York's troop of Life Guards to be withdrawn from Dun- kirk and to occupy quarters in London ; and His Majesty, having resolved to disband the whole of the army of the commonwealth, directed the new corps of Life Guards to be augmented to five hun- dred men, and divided into three troops : the first to be called * His Majesty's Own ;' the second, • The Duke of York's ;' and the third ' The Duke of Albemarle's ;' and the establishment of each troop was fixed by warrant under the sign manual, from which the following is an extract :— Kin^dome's Intelligencer. 10 HISTORICAL RECORD OP 1661 Mi !::!r Charles R. " An Establishment for the new-raised Forces, to begin 26th January, 1660-1. Per Diem. Per Annum. His Mqjesties own Troope qf Guards, viz. The Captaine 01 10 00 00547 10 00 Power Lievtenants, each at xv* per day 03 00 00 01095 00 00 Cornet 00 14 00 00255 10 00 Quarter-Master ...... 00 1 09 00 00164 05 00 Chaplaiue 00 06 08 00121 13 04 A Chinirgion vj*, and j hurae to) carry hia chest ij' per diem. . | 00 08 00 00146 00 00 Power Corporals, each vjj* per diem 01 08 00 00511 00 00 Power Trumpeters v* .... 01 00 00 U0365 00 00 One Kettle Drummer v* . . . , 00 05 00 00091 05 00 Two hundred Souldiers each at iiij TOTALI, . . . <10 00 00 14600 00 00 49 00 08 17897 03 04 ^1* Highness Royall the Duke of Yorke, his Troope of Guards, viz. The Captaine 01 00 00 00365 00 00 Lievtenant 00 15 00 00273 15 00 Cornet 00 13 00 00237 05 00 Quarter-Master 00 09 00 00164 05 00 Chaplaine 00 06 08 00121 13 04 A Chinirgion vi', and j horse to) carry his chest ij" per diem. . J 00 08 00 001-16 GO 00 Power Corporals, each vj' per diem 01 04 00 00438 00 00 Power Trumpeters v» .... 01 00 00 00365 00 00 One Kettle Drummer v* . . . . 00 0.5 00 00091 05 00 One hundred and fifty Souldiers,) each at iiij' / TuTALI. . 30 00 00 10950 00 00 36 00 08 13152 03 04 h 1' I THE LIFE GUARDS. » 11 10 00 10 05 13 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 03 04 00 00 15 00 05 00 05 00 13 00 00 00 05 00 His Grace the Duke of Albemarle, his Troope of Guards. The Gaptaine . Lievtenant • Cornet • . < Quartur-Master Chaplaine Chirurgion vj', and j horse to ) carry his Chest ij per dmin . . J Power Corporals, each vj' per diem Power Trumpeters v One Kettle Drummer v' . . • • One hundred and fifty Souldiers, each iiij' T0TA1.L • • . •.} Per Olem. 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 30 00 15 13 09 06 03 04 00 05 00 36 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 08 1661 Per Aanum. 00366 00273 00237 00164 00121 00146 00438 00365 00091 10950 13132 00 15 05 05 13 00 00 00 05 00 03 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 04 Although the Life Guards were divided into three troops, each having its own captain, yet they were considered one corps, and were under the command of Lord Gerard, captain of the King's troop, who was designated " General of the Life Guards." On the 4th of February, 1661, they were mustered on their new establishment ; and the following list of the officers of each troop was pub- lished by authority : — His Majeaties Own Life Guard. Charles Lord Gerard of Brandon. Captaine. Major-General Randolph EgertonI Sir Thomas Sandys, Bart. . . [ Sir Gilbert Geraud, Bart. . . [ Lieutenants. Colonel Thomas Panton . Mr. Edward Stanley (Brother to the Earl of Derby) . . . . Cornet. \2 m HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1661 Colonel James Prodgiers Colonel Francis Lovelace Colonel Charles Scrimshaw Colonel Francis Berkeley . Colonel Edward Roscarrick Dr. Matthew Smallwood Mr. Thomas Woodall Quar.-Mastcr. Corporal Is. . Chaplaine. . Chirurgion. His Highness Roy all the Duke of Yorkes Life Guard. .... Sir Charles Berkeley .... Captaine. Robert Dongan Lieutenant. John Godolphin Cornet. Edward Barclay ..... . . Quar.-Mastor. Francis Bedlow James Somervill Thomas Davenport • • f Thomas Stourton J Chaplaine. John Robinson Chirurgion. His Grace the Duke of Albemarle s Troop of His Majesty's Life Guard. Sir Philip Howard Captaine. Henry Monck Lieutenant. Corporalls. Daniel Collingwood Francis Watson Sir Edward Fish . Mark Robinson Christopher Bacon William Upcot Thomas Gumhall . John Trougiithack Con lot. Quar-Master. Corporalls. Chaplaine Chirurgion. The King liiul tlms I'.^ahlishcd a iKKly-guani of /iv<' liuiidnMl jiciith'iiicii of approved loyalty, who THE LIFE GUARDS. 13 formed one of the most distinguished corps of heavy 1661 cavHlry in Europe. The corporals were commis- sioned officers : their rank in the army was, in 1679, that of eldest lieutenant of horse, at which period the practice of calling them brigadiers had become general, although they continued to be st\ led v;orporals in their commissions. In warrants jiiid orders, when their names are mentioned, tliey are somethnes styled captains.* The sub-corporals ranked as cornets ; but did not hold commissions until 1688. Ten days after the first muster of the new corps of Life Guards, the troop of Life Guards formerly in the service of the commonwealth was disbanded on Toner Hill.f This troop was raised by Crom- well for his own personal guard ; and after his decease, it was continued in the service as a guard to parliament and the lord general : its establish- ment was 172 men. J In addition to the three English troops of Life (luards, a troop was also raised in Scotland. By the proceedings of the parliament at Edinburgh, it appears that on Friday the 18th of January, 1661, • It was agreed that a troop of Horse be raised for ' guarding the Lord Commissioner and Parliament, * The term ' Corporal ' was formerly appropriated to u liberal military nuik. In the time of Queen Elizabeth the " Corporalt* of the Field," held equal rank to a captainof horse, and their duty was similar to that of an aide-de-camp at present. In the navy, tlie captains who had a few ships under their immediate command were called " Corporals of Squadrons." t Morciirius Publicus. I 'I'ho establishment of this troop is ^iven in the Hurleian Ma- nuscript, No. fiH44. li i 14 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1661 * to assist the Parliament in putting their Acts in * execution against disobedient persons, which the ' Commissioner was desired to acquaint His * Majesty with.' A troop was accordingly raised at Edinburgh : its title was ' His Majesty's troop * of Guards,' and the Earl of Newburgh was appointed captain and colonel. The following de- scription of this troop is given by Wodrow : — ' On the 2d April, 1661, the King's Life Guard ' were formed. By their constitution they were to * consist of noblemen and gentlemen's sons, and ' they were to be one hundred and twenty in num- * ber, under the command of the Lord Newburgh. * After their taking an oath to be loyal to His Ma- * jesty, they made a parade through the town of ' Edinburgh, with carbines at tlieir saddles, and ' their swords drawn.' The rates of pay of each rank were as follows : — Per Diem. £. I. d. The Captain xvj" per diem, with an allowance I . _ „ for y horses at ij" each per diem . . } i v v Lieutenants viij' and ij horses each ij' . . . 12 Cornet vij* and ij horses each ij* . . . .0110 Quarter- Master vj* and i horse ij' . . . . » 8 Corporalls each 040 Chirur^ion and mate 5 Trumpeters each 2 8 Kettle Drummer .1 Souldiers each 026 Tlie ceremonial of the King's coronation com- menced (»n the 22nd of April, 1661 , when tiie three troops of Life (iuards were on duty on the occa- sion of His Majesty proceeding in solemn grandeur from the Tower, through the City, to Whitehall m THE LIFE GUARDS. 15 Palace. Great preparations had been made against 1661 this day. The most splendid costumes had been provided for the noblemen, knights, and esquires ; with sumptuous furniture for their horses ; and rich liveries for the pages and footmen. Some suits of livery cost fifteen hundred pounds. The houses in the line of the procession were decorated with garlands, trophies, and tapestry ; four grand triumphal arches were erected ; also a magnificent temple ; with stages for waits, bands of music, and morrice dancers ; and fountains, from which flowed streams of wine. The following is the order of the procession : — The Duke of York's troop of Life Guards form- ed the advance-guard, and, with the kettle-drum^ and trumpets in front of the troop, led the pro- cession. Next came the messengers of His Ma- jesty's chamber ; then the esquires of the knights of the bath ; the knight harbinger ; serjeant porter ; sewers of the chamber ; quarter waiters of the clerks of chancery ; clerks of the signet ; clerks of the privy seal ; clerks of the council ; clerks of both houses of parliament ; clerks of the crown ; chap- lains in ordinary ; the King's advocate and remem- brancer; the King's council at law; master of chancery ; tlie King's puisne Serjeants ; the King's jittorney and solicitor ; the King's eldest Serjeants ; secretaries of the Fren<;h and Latin tongues ; gen- tlemen ushers ; daily waiters ; tlie servers, carvers, and cup-bearers in ordinary ; the esquires of the body ; the masters of the tents, revels, ceremonies, armoury, wardrobe, and ordnance ; master of the requests; chamljerhiin of the exche(|uer; barons 16 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ! ■ M !' 1661 of the exchequer and judges of the hiw; lord chief baron, lord chief justice of common pleas ; master of the rolls ; the lord chief justice of England ; trumpeters ; gentlemen of the privy chamber ; the knights of the bath ; knight marshal ; treasurer of the chamber ; master of the jewel house ; knights of the privy council ; comptroller of the household ; treasurer of the household ; trumpeters ; two pur- suivants at arms ; barons' eldest sons ; earls' young- est sons ; viscounts' eldest sons ; barons ; marquesses' younger sons ; earls' eldest sons ; two pursuivants at arms ; viscounts ; dukes' younger sons ; mar- quesses' eldest sons ; two heralds ; earls ; earl marshal, and lord chamberlain of the household ; dukes' eldest sons (serjeants at arms on both sides of the nobility) ; clarencieux and norroy kings of arms ; lord treasurer ; lord chancellor ; lord high steward ; two persons representing the dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine ; gentlemen ushers ; garter king of arms ; the lord mayor ; the Duke of York ; the lord high constable ; the great cham- berlain ; the Duke of Richmond bearing the sword. The King ; followed by the equerries, gentlemen and pensioners on foot ; the master of the horse leading a spare horse ; the vice chamberlain ; captain of the pensioners ; captain of the guard ; yeomen of guard. The King's own troop of Life Guards ; the Duke of Albemarle's trooj> of Life Guards ; a troop of volunteer horse ; and, lastly, a company of volunteer foot. * This niagni- ' ficent traine on liorseback, as rich as embroi- • dery, velvet, cloth of gold and silver, and Jewells, ' could make them, and tlieir prancing horses, pro- «>. ••»•»♦ LirC-OUA R.Dft . '/'At' /fttyo/v/) ntirn ft/ (//< (hroncttion o/' /i/yit^ <'/tf^t/^r.\ // X,'. Ap-U >t>6/. THE LIFE GUAKUS. 17 * ceeded thro' the streetes strew'tl witli flowers, 1661 ' houses hung with rich tapestry, windoes and bal- ' conies full of ladies, the London militia lining ' the ways, the severall companies with their ban- ' ners and loud music rank'd in their orders ; the • fountaines running wine, bells ringing, with ' speeches made at the severall triumphal arches, ' with joyful acclamations, to Whitehall*.' The Life Guards were again on duty on the following day, when the ceremonial of His Majesty's coro- nation tojk place in Westminster Abbey, and was conducted with great state and splendour. The same day being set apart at Edinburgh for celebrating the event, the lord high commis- sioner, accompanied by the officers of state, and escorted by His Majesty's Scots troop of Life Guards, in rich furniture and sumptuous a])parel, imder the command of Mr. Murray, brother to the Earl of Athole, proceeded from the palace of Holyrood House to the Parliament House, where they heard a sermon from the Rev. Dr. James Sharpe ; after which they returned to the palace, and partook of a costly entertainmentf . The duties of His Majesty's Guards were not, at any period, restricted to attendance on the person of the sovereign, although originally formed ex- pressly for that service. On the 30th of Septem- Iter, 1661, tne second troop of Life Guards, with three companies of foot guards, and His Majesty's own ooach, proceeded to the Tower of London, to receive an nmV)as8ador extraordinary from the * Evelyn's Memoirs. ■!• Mercurius Ciiledonius. ]! Mil 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF J66i crown of Sweden. When the Swedish anibas- sador had landed, a dispute arose between the servants of the French and Spanish ambassadors about precedence in the procession, and the dis- putants proceeded to violence, cutting harness, killing carriage- horses, and eventually a furious combat ensued with swords and pistols, and several men were killed on both sides*. The Life Guards at length interfered, and put a stop to the contest. 1662 Early in May, 166*2, two troops of Life Guards were ordered to march to Portsmouth to receive Donna Catherina, Infanta of Portugal, daughter of Juan, Duke of Braganza, who was restored to the throne of Portugal after that monarchy had been interrupted near one hundred years. His Majesty having demanded the hand of this prin- cess in marriage, the necessary treaty was con- cluded, the Infanta was married by proxy at Lisbon, and sailed for England, attended by a squadron of the navy. The King having re- ceived information of her arrival at Portsmouth, commanded preparations to be made for his jour- ney to meet her, when detachments of Life Guards were sent forward, and reliefs posted at the dif- ferent stages on the road. On the 19th of May, His Majesty, having been detained in parliament until evening, left London, about nine o'clock, {it- tended by his ordinary escort of Life Guards, and on the following day arrived at Portsmouth, where, the court appeared in great splendour. His Majesty being attended by the troops of Life (tuards and * Evelyn wrote a full account of this affair, which theKinp sent to the courts of France and Spain. THE LIFE GUARDS. 19 a regiment of horse. The nuptial ceremony having lfJ6'2 been performed, their Majesties removed to Hamp- ton Court ; on tiie 23rd of August they proceeded by water to London, ap'' H'ere received with every demonstration of joy ; the city companies, in barges, formed a double line, through which their Majesties passed, and the shores and wharfs were crowded with spectators. On tlie same day the detachment of Life Guards stationed at Hampton Court returned to London. A review of the guard?; took place on the 27th of September, 1662, whicli is thus described in a periodical of that date : — * His Majesties Regi- ' ments of Guards, both horse and foot, were drawn ' up in Hyde Park. It was a very noble sight * at ail capacities, and (with reverence be it ' spoken) worthy those Koyal Spectators who pur- ' po^ely came to behold it, for his Sacred Majesty, ' the Queen, the Queen-Mother*, tlie Duke and * Dutchess of York, with many of the Nobility, ' were all present. The horse and foot were in * such exquisite order, that 'tis not easie to imagine ' any thing so exact ; which is the more credible, ' if you consider that there were but few of that ' great body who had not formerly been Com- * manders, and so more tit to be guard to the per- ' son of the most excellent King in the worldf .' * The Queen-Mother had recently arrived from France, and had a guard of her own attached to her establishment, consigting of a captain, lieutenant, and exempt, with twenty- four gentlemen soldiers. They wore black velvet cassocks and gold embroidered badges. When Her Majesty went out in her sedan, or to chapel, or in her coach with two horses, they attended on foot with hal- berds ; and when in her coach with six horses, on horseback with cai'bines. — Chamberlayne. t Kingdome's Intolligoncor. t 2 20 HISTORICAL UECORD OF 1662 Another review took place on the 4th of July, in the following year, which is thus descrihed by Evelyn in his memoirs : — * I saw his Ma'y* Guards, being of horse and ' foote four thousand, led by the General the ])uke ' of Albemarle in extraordinary equipage and gai- ' lantry, consisting of gentlemen of oard an armament sent against the Dutch. This war, however, produced no alteration in the duties of the corps. Intellijrencer of 1st June, ! iS. i\4 THE LIFE GUARDS. •23 I The movements of the Life Guards had, on 1665 many occasions, reference to some great national event ; and their departure from London this year was connected with a most awful calamity to the metropolis The plague having broke out in the month of May, 1665, their Majesties, taking with them a considerable portion of the Life Guards^ and a detachment of foot guards, removed from Whitehall Palace to Hampton Court, and from thence to Salisbury, leaving the metropolis to the care of the Duke of Albemarle, who continued at Whitehall. From Salisbury their Majesties pro- ceeded to Oxford, and were received with every de- monstration of affection and joy at the different towns through which they passed ; and on several occasions His Majesty was * most graciously pleased ' to accept of small entertainments which the towns * had provided for His Royal Person, his nobles, * attendants, and guards of horse and foot.' Par- liament was assembled at Oxford, and their pro- ceedings were opened on the 10th of October, by a speech at the upp''" i ml of the great hall in Christ's Church. The loarful ravages of the plague having subsided, tlu- King, with the Duke of York, arrived at Hampt«>n I'ourt on the 27th of January, 1666, 1666 about thrfe o'clock in the afternoon, and on the 1st of February proceeded to Whitehall Palace. At this period the privates of the Life Guards, when they attended muster, were required by act of parliament to bring a certificate of their having taken the oaths of allegiance and supiemacy, and of iiaving taken the sacrament, according to the rites of the established church of England*. This * Pepys' Memoirs. i .1 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1666 test was introduced to exclude Roman catholics and puritans from the King's guard : the latter, being republicans, were constantly conspiring against the throne ; and the former were charged with plotting the destruction of the Protestant church*. On the 16th of March, a Marshal was added to the establishment of the household cavalry, and ordered to be mustered with the first troop of Life Guards. Chamberlayne, in his Anglicse Notitia, speaking of this Marshal, says, ' He is Marshal to ' all the horse, and hath of every prisoner his whole ' pay for his fee the first day, and three parts of his ' pay so long as he continues in custody.' Before the minds of men had become trancjuil, after their deliverance from the fearful presence of the plague, which had been so destructive to human life, another dreadful calamity occurred, which proved equally destructive to property. About one o'clock in the morning of the 2nd of Sep- tember, 1666, the great fire of London broke out, whicli burnt most furiously for three days, and covered four hundred and thirty-six acres with ruins. The Life Guards were under arms the whole of the period, and several detachments were sent out. Escorts were also ordered to attend His Majesty and the Duke of York, who were most indefatigable in their personal exertions to have all [lossible means applied • Many of the ciivalu'i'!* who foii(rht in tho roynl caviso diiriiiy thti rebeliidn weru of tho Roniuii ciuhnlic roliKioii, aixl buiiig pro- vented by luw from rcniiiinin^ inflie Life GuiudM, tliey pnu-uechul to Fraufi', mill were conHlituled a troop oi' (/nm d'arnics in thu ner- vicp of IamiIh XIV. — /'(■'/«■ Ihiiiivl. THE LIFE GUARDS. 25 catholics le latter, mspiring charged rotestant added to dry, and p of Life Notitia, i^^^^l arshal to ■'■® lis whole rts of his tranquil. Jsence of o human 1, which '■» Ahout of Sep- •oke out. i lys, and res with 1 irms the ■ icliments 1 dered to T f York, m personal m applied 1 use (hiring liuinj^ |)ri'- proi'foiliul in tlio Her- 1 to keep the conflagration from spreading. The 1666 Duke, attended by detachments of Life Guards, rode from place to place to preserve order ; a number of the guards were employed in helping the people, and several of the nobility and gentry also assisted. About two montlis afterwards the building occupied by the Life Guards, opposite Whitehall Palace, took fire, but fortunately it was extinguished before it communicated to the palace *. The troops of Life Guards were considered more as regiments than troops, and the officers had rank in the army superior to their troop commissions. In au order respecting the rank of the different corps, dated the 12th of September, 1666, His Majesty confirmed to the three troops of Guards their precedence to all other horse ; and gave their captains the rank of eldest colonel of horse, — the lieutenants, the rank of eldest majors, — and the cornets, tluit of ehlest captains of horsef. At this period, the Scots Life Guards were often called upon to act against their own countrymen, who frequently assembled in arms contrary to law. The western parts of Scotland were strongly op- posed to episcopacy, which the government was establishing in that country by force ; and the minds of the people were so excited by their ministers, and irritated by oppression, that they eventually broke out into open rebellion. On the 13th of November, 1666, a number of persons met in arms, and having surprised and disarmed "■ L<^n(luii (iazotlu. • t KocordH in tlie Sluli' I'apor OHicn. 26 HISTORICAL RECORD OF w If 1666 a small party of the King's forces at Dumfries, their numbers increased to about three thousand men, when thev marched to within two miles of Edinburgh, but afterwards turned towards the west. The city of Edinburgh was put in a pos- ture of defence, the gates were shut, and fortified with cannon from tlie castle; and the regular forces under the veteran Lieutenant-General Dal- ziel were sent in pursuit of the rebels, whom they overtook on the Pentland Hills, and immediately engaged them. The two troops of Life Guards commenced the attack by a determined charge ; the rebels met the first onset with great bravery, but the other troops coming up, '^ey soon gave way and fled in great disorder, leaving about sixty killed, and one hundred and thirty prisoners behind them. The darkness of the niglit, and even the pity of the troops, suffered the rest to escape. 1667 On the 13th of June, 1667, the second and third troops of Life Guards were augmented one lieu- tenant and fifty gentlemen each. This augmen- tation increased their privates to the same numl)ers as the first troop, namely, two hundred ; the total strength of the three English troops amounted to thirty- five officers, twelve trumpeters, three ket- tle-drunnners, and six hundred private gentlemen. The commotions in Scotland having been sup- presstul, and peace concluded with Holland, all the regular Scots forces were disbanded in 16()7, ex- 1668 cepting the two troops of Jjife (iuanls and the regi- ment of foot guards : in the succeeding year, llie second troop of Scots Life (iuanls was discon- tinued on the establislnnent THE LIFE GUARDS. n CHAFrER II. The Duke of Monmouth's appointment — Reduction— Review — Alteration in the Rank and Title of the Second and Third Troops — Procession to the House of Lords— Funeral of the Duke of Albemarle — Augmentation — Guard to Portsmouth — Their Majesties' Visit to the City — War with Holland— Detach- ment on Foreign Service — Capture of Orfoy, Rhineberg, Em- merick, Doesburg, Zutphen, and Maastricht — Augmentation —Their Majesties visit the City—Sundry duties — Adjutant ap- pointed—Marriage of Princess Mary— War with France— Gre- nadiers raisied — Duties of the Life Guards — State Clothing — Charaberlayne's description of the Corps— Table for the Officer on duty — Revolt of the Covenanters — Battle of Both woU-bridge — The Duke of Monmouth's removal— Horse Grenadiers dis- banded — Rifle Carbines — Detachment for Tangier — Parties to > -M-d— The Duke of York's Journey to Scotland— Their Ma- j ; • ' Visit to Cambridge — ^The Duke of York's return to Eng- ! . ^—Rye-House Plot — Horse Grenadier Guards again raised — Review on Putney Heath. King Charles II. had several nutuml children, 1668 and the eldest, James, Duke of Monmouth, was at tiiis period aspiring to military command. His grace had a prepossessing appearance and address, and was h great favourite of the whole court, excepting the Duke of York, who suspected him of secret designs of ascending the throne. He conuuanded aii indei)endent troop of cuirassiers, and to make a vacancy for his promotion, Lord Gerard was induced to resign his commission of captain and colonel of the Kings own titnip, and coMunauder of the l)rigHde of Life Guards, and his lordship was ^ubse^puMltiy created Earl of Maccles- tl ill 2S HISTORICAL RECORD OF ir>68 Jtield. The King, in order to give a show of great importance to the Dike's appointment, and make the ceremony as imposing and public as possible, commanded all his guards stationed in and near London t) parade in Hyde Park, where they as- sembled on the 16tii of September. Between nine and ten the King, with the Duke of York, and a great train of nobility, entered the park, and having taken a view of tlie troops, His Majesty placed His Grace the Duke of Monmouth at the head of the first troop of Life Guards, in the vacant com- mission of captain and colonel, and also gave him the command A the three troops ; the trumpets sounding and drums beating as his grace took Ids post. Peace having been concluded with Holland, the three troops were reduced one hundred men each, on the 26th September. 1669 On the Uth of May, 1669, His Majesty again reviewed the three troops of Life Guards, with seven troops of the royal regiment of horse guards (blues), the two regiments oi" foot guards, and six pieces of cannon. His Royal Highness the Duke of York, His Highness Prince Rupert, and His Highness Piince Cosmo of Tuscany, with a great number of the nobility and gentry, were present. Prince Cosmo was on a visit in England at that time, and was entertained by His Majesty with great rcapect. On tlie 31st of May the King proceeded in state, escorted by his Life CJiianls, • with trumjH'ts soundinu;, d lighted torches,' to tSt. Alban's House, St. James' Fields, and honoured with his [ursence a bau((U('t which Prince Co!>mo i^iivv at his resiL'^ THE LIFE GUARDS. 31 the 14tli February, 1670, the King went in his 1670 carriage, preceded by a troop of Life Guards, with their trumpets and kettle-drums, and followed by the remainder of the corps. This appears to be the first occasion of the King's going in state to parliament with an escort of Life Guards ; but this practice did not become general until after the de- struction of Whitehall Palace by fire in 1699. The late Duke of Albemarle having been so conspicuously instrumental in bringing about the Restoration, His Majesty commanded the attend- ance of the horse and foot guards at his funeral, which took place on the 30th of April, and was conducted with great splendour : the following account of the procession was published in the London Gazette : — ' This day, about two in the afternoon, the so- ' lemn funeral of George, late Duke of Albemarle, ' set forward from Somerset House towards the ' Abbey of Westminster, in this following order : ' First marched His Royal Highness's troop of ' (iuards, next His Majesties troop, then His Ma- ' jesties Regiment of Foot Guards, and next to * them the Regiment of Coldstreams, as having been * (he General's own Regiment: all of them in an ' excellent funeral order. ' Then followed the conductors and a trayn of ' poor men in mourning gowns, after them a large ' Irayn of servants of the gentry. ' Then six classes or companies, each of them * led by three trumpets, an officer of amies, and ' ensign of the several atchievemeiits of the de- ' ceased, and a mourning horse. S2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1G70 ' The tirst and second classes, before which • were borne a standard and a guidon, consisted of ' the stewards of the nobility. ' The third, before which was borne a banner of * tlie Barony of Teyes, consisted of servants of the ' deceased Duke. ' The fourth was a banner of tlie Barony of ' Beauchainp, followed by forty officers, which at- ' tended the body lying in state ; the most prin- ' cipal servants of the highest nobility. ' Clerks of the Council, Parliament and Crown, ' Masters of Cliancery, Knights, and Knights of ' the Bath. ' The fifth was a banner of tlie Barony of Monk, followed by several eminent Officers of His Ma- jesties Court, Baronetts, sonnes of the Nobility, the four principal Officers of the deceased's House, bearing white staves; Barons, Bishops, and Earls. ' The sixth classe was led by the great banner, the horse ca[)arison'd with black velvet, as the other horses were with cloth, and plumed ; after which followed several of the Heralds, bearing the trophies ; then came an open charriot, covered with black velvet, and a canopy of the same, iu which Uiy the effigies of the Duke in azure armor, a golden truncheon in his hand, having on his ducal robe and coronet, a collar of the order about his neck, and a garter on his left leg, drawn ))y six horses caparison'd with velvet as the former, with escutcheons, chaft'erons, and plumes ; in the chariot, at the lieud and foot of the effigies, sate two gentlemen in close mourn- THE LIFE GUARDS. 33 *ing; the pall was supported by three Barons 1670 * and the Treasurer of His Majesties Household, * and on each side of the chariot were carried five ' banner rolls of arms of the Duke's paternal ' descent. ' Next after the chariot came Garter Principal ' King of Arms, with a Gentleman Usher preced- ' ing His Grace the present Duke of Albemarle, ' the chiet mourner, his train borne up, himself ' supported by two Dukes, assisted by nine Earls ' and a Baron, all in close mourning, those of ' them tli.at were of the order wearing their ' collars. ' After them came the horse of state, richly ' caparison'd with crunson velvet embroidered and ' emljossed with gold and silver, adorned with ' ])hnnes of the Duke's colours, led with long * reins by the Master of his Horse ; and the whole ' trayn closed by the troop of Her Majesties ' Guards.' In this order tlie remains of his grace were con- ducted to Westminster Abbey, and interred witli great solemnity. At this period all the guards were quartered at inns and houses of public entertainment. In the month of May the quarters of the three troops of Life Guards wq^y^ as follows : — His Majesty's Own Troop,— In the Strand, the backside of St. Clements, Drury Lane, Hoi born, St. Giles's, Gray's Inn, Long Acre, Covent (iar- den, St Martin's Lane. Her Majesty's Troop. — In Horseferry, 1 ;•■■■ u 1 !'?■ ' '! i ' i;'i , P'}', r: .»' ( ! lil; 1 i 'M 34 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1670 Mill Bank, Peter Street, Stable Yard, Petty France, and St. James Street. The Duke of York's Troop.— Tuttle Street, King Street, Charing Cross, (except the Checquer and Star Inns, reserved for orderly men). Hay- market, St. James's Market, and Piccadilly. In June 167*0, His Majesty augmented the corps of Life Guards two hundred men ; namely, the King's own troop one hundred, and the other two troops fifty men each, making their total five hundred and fifty, including officers. In the King's instructions for recruiting his troops of Life Guards, among other precautions, it is commanded that no man shall be received who does not come well armed, and mounted on a good horse, fit for His Majesty's Service. The words * well armed,' however, only extended to the equipment of a cavalier gentleman, viz. a charger, with accoutre- ments, sword and pistols ; cuirasses, iron head- pieces, and carbines being provided by His Ma- jesty. By this regulation the King excluded persons of low condition, the corps of Life Guards being, at this date, a school where young gentle- men were qualified for commissions in the regular army, as the particular duties performed by this brigade afforded them opportunities of becoming acquainted with every description of service. 1671 In June, 1671, an officer and eight private gen- tlemen of Her Majesty's troop were employed in guarding treasure from the Pay Office in London to Portsmouth. Conveying specie from London to Portsmouth formed one of the ordinary duties THE LIFE GUARDS. 35 of the Life Guards, and was continued until 1810, 1671 when other ai'rangements were adopted. A record of the several duties and services per- formed by the troops of Life Guards, necessarily embraces a great part of the movements of the court, which may not prove very interesting to the general reader; but as the performance of these duties formed precedents for the regulation of the subsequent services of the corps, they cannot pro- perly be omitted. On the 30th of October, 1671, their Majesties saw the Lord Mayor's procession on the water, from their palace at Whitehall, and afterwards proceeded in state with a strong escort of Life Guards to Cheapside, where they alighted, and took their seats on the balcony of a house, under a most splendid canopy erected for the pur- pose, from whence they saw the civic cavalcade pass along the streets. Their Majesties, with the Duke of York, Prince Rupert, and the principal lords and ladies of the court, afterwards honoured the citizens with their presence at the entertain- ment at Guildhall. The brigade of Life Guards was frequently 1672 called upon to send small detachments to diflFerent parts of the kingdom, to perform duties which have long been superseded. Among the services no longer performed by this corps is the practice of sending detachments to aid the officers of excise in collecting the revenue, and parties to convey the sums collected to London. In the month of January Captain Beale, one of the corporals of the Queen's troop, with five private gentlemen, D 2 .,.; 36 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1672 were sent to Liverpool to guard the monies col- lected by the officers of excise at that port to the metropolis. Shortly afterwards a detachment WHS sent on foreign service (a dispute about naval precedence having produced a declaration of war against Holland), when a squadron of Life Guards was called upon to take the field ; and the gentle- men of the corps, who were looking forward to conunissions, were enabled to complete their edu- cation. An English squadron under Sir Robert Holmes having met the Dutch Smyrna fleet, the latter refused to pay the customary honours; of striking their colours to the British flag, and lowering their topsails ; when Sir Robert attacked them, captured five merchantmen, and sunk the rear- admiral's ship. In consequence of this, with other causes of complaint, His Majesty declared war against the States General, which was pro- claimed by the heralds of arms, attended by a detachment of the King's troop of Life Guards, on the 28th of March. The sword of state having been drawn, proclamation of war was made at the court-gate of Whitehall Palace, from whence the cavalcade proceeded to Temple Bar, in the follow- ing order : — The marshal's men ; ten trumpeters ; the ser- « jeant trumpeter ; three officers of arms' assistants ; two heralds to proclaim ; three Serjeants at arms ; a detachment of Life Guards, under the command of Major Prestwick. At Temple Bar a trumpeter advanced in front THE LIFE fiUAKDS. 37 of the inarshal's men and sounded at the gate, and 1672 entrance into the city was demanded in the King's name. The gates were then opened, and tlie lord ma'yor and aldermen joined the procession. Pro- clamation was afterwards made at the end of Chancery Lane ; at the end of Wood Street, Cheapside ; and at the Royal Exchange. * The * ceremony being ended, the Lord Mayor, by his * officers, invited all attending the service to din- ' ner, where they were most nobly entertained. * His Lordship, after being seated with his com- * pany in the great hall, commanded Mr. Sword- ' Bearer of the City to entertain His Majesty's ' Guards that attended the ceremony, who wer ' placed at a long table, by the side of the same * hall, where they had most extraordinary enter- ' tainment, with several volleys to His Majest"- .^ ' health and the happy success of his armes.*' This rupture between England and Holland appears to have been previously determined upon, and arrangements, in consequence, had been made between the British and French courts. Tiie King of France declared war against the States General ; the English and French fleets were united ; and six thousand Britisli troops, under the command of the Duke of Monmouth, were sent to join the French army. A detachi^iPht of hfty private gentlemen from each of the three troops, of Life Guards, under the command of Lord Duras (afterwards Earl of Feversham), with a ed in front * Lordon Gazette. Ill ! I i 38 HISTORICAL PECORD OF ! .M 1672 number of volunteers, accompanied the Duke of Monmouth, and arrived at the French camp, near Charleroi, on the 1st of May. The whole was commanded by Louis XIV. in person, assisted by Marshal Turenne and the Prince of Cond^. The King of France reviewed the army on the 10th, then dispatched twenty thousand men to invest Maestricht, and advanced towards the Rhine. The Duke of Monmouth, with the British troops, accompanied the King, and took part in the cap- ture of Orfoy and Rhineberg, which surrendered, the former on the 3rd, and the latter on the .6th of June. Tliey were afterwards at the taking of JEmmerickf Doeaburg, and Zutphen ; and were encamped before Utrecht, Avlien that city delivered up its keys. On the 5th of July the Duke of Monmouth, with many English officers and gen- tlemen volunteers, went to view the city, and were honourably entertained by the magistrates. On the 1 1th of July the army commenced its march back to Flanders, and arrived at Boxtel on the 22d, when the British troops went into quarters, and his grace returned to England. The infantry were quartered at DouUens, but the Life Guards marched to the vicinity of Paris, where they occu- pied (juarters until the following spriug. lf')73 In the month of April, 1673, the Duke of Monmouth left England, and on his arrival at the French court was appointed lieutenant-general. At the end of the same month he left Paris, with the scjuadron of Life (luards, and niiirched by Amiens to Doullens, where his own regiment of THE LIFE GUARDS. 39 foot had its winter-quarters ; tVom thence he pro- 1673 ceeded by Arras and Lisle, and jiMned the French army near Courteimy. On the day after his arrival the whole were reviewed by Louis XIV., in pre- sence of the Queen, the principal of the nobility, and the ladies of the court. The army then marched towards Maestricht, and on tlie 7th of June invested the town. Lines of circumvallation were formed, with bridges of communication over the Maese, above and below the city. The King had his quarters at a place called Oi- water; tlie Duke of Orleans occupied the side of the Wick ; and the Duke of Monmouth*, with eight thousand horse and foot, invested tlie lower side of the city. On the 17th of June the trenches were opened, and on the 24th the Duke of Monmouth led a detachment against the counterscarp with such invincible courage that he soon carried it, and advancing to the outward half-moon, which was before the Brussels gate, after a brisk dispute of about half aii hour, he won that also, although the besieged during the time sprang two mines. On the following day another mine was sprung by the enemy, which blew a captain, ensign, and sixty soldiers into the air ; then making a furious sally on the troops U'ho had relieved the men under his grace's couunand, and who now occupied the out- ward half-moon and counterscarp, drove them back with great sliiughter. The undaunted Mon- mouth, unwilling to lose what he had but the day * Hiatoricttl Account of tlie Heroic ActioiiH of Juiuuh, Duku of Monmouth, publiHliod in l(>8:i ■^- i 40 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I 1673 before purchased with so much hazard, and such unlieard-of courage, drew his sword, and Vith Captain Churchill *, and twelve private gentlemen of the Life Guards, who volunteered to accompany him, leaped over the trenches ; then, regardless of a shower of bullets from the enemy, rushed through one of their sally-ports, and with incredible speed passed along the works, witliin twenty yards of their palisades, until he met the soldiers flying before tlie enemy. The arrival of the duke with his followers inspired the troops with fresh va- lour ; they turned round upon their pursuers, and the heroic Monmouth and Churchill, with the Life Guards (who cast aside their carbinesf f^nd drew their swords) led the troops they had rallied t'> the charge with such invincible courage, that they drove back the Dutch and regained the out- ward half-moon (his grace being the first who entered it), to the admiration of all who beheld their gallant conduct. The horn- work and half- moon were taken on the 27th. Louis XIV., * Captuin Churchill, aticrwards the great Duko of Marlborough. •(• 'Charlks R. * Our will and ploasure is, that out uf Our sloaros remaining w"'in the office of Our Ordnance, you cause twelve carabines tt be delivered to Corporall Ffurdinundo Stanhope for the use of twelve gentlemen of Our troopes of Guards who were of the party of Our Quanls that were under the Lord Durashiscomnandin Ffrance, for w"'' tliiH, w'.'' the indenture ur receipt for them, shall be your discharge. Given at Our Court at Whitehall, the 20tli day of Mux IG74. By His Ma!' Coniand, •H. COVKNTRY. To ()' ni/fil ti'untif and weihrlavtd Cuuni'rlw S' Ifiniiiini Chirhr/rii. hii'., (f M(i»l'-(jni" of <>' Ih'd miiirr. THE LIFE GUARDS. 41 stood on a hill, and viewed the whole action. The 1G73 hesieged afterwards beat a parley, and on the 2d of July surrendered the town. The following are the names of the twelve pri- vate gentlemen of the Life Guards who so highly distinguished themselves in this siege : — Mr. Turbervill, Mr. Greene, Mr. Segar, Mr. Elyott, Mr. Moulton, Mr. Herasworth, Mr. Pur- sell, Mr. (^radock, Mr. Neres, Mr. Pope, JMr. Throckmorton, and Mr. Barrow *. The taking of Maestricht was the only advan- tage gained during the campaign ; the successful operations of the army under the Prince of Orange having obliged the French to abandon their con- quests in Holland. Peace was shortly afterwards concluded between 1674 the King of Ilngland and States General which was proclaimed in London by the heralds of arms, attended by a party of Life Guards, on the 28th of February, 1674. Part of the British troops on the continent were then v»' 4idrawn from the French army. The detachment of Life Guards marched to Dieppe, where they arrived on the 20th of April, and immediately embarked for England. An officer of the commissariat depart- ment was sent to Dover, to muster the men on landing, and, by his report, it appears the squad- ron had lost fifty men in the two campaigns. After the detachment had embarked for foreign service, in 1072, the three troops at home were completed to their former nunUjers ; and by the * Tliuste iiuinoH nre fopivd t'lom tlio public recnnlH. 42 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ^'^ M i674 return of the squadron from France the strength of the corps was increased one hundred men, the second and third troops receiving fifty men eacli. The army was at this time reduced, and the fifty men of the Life Guards lost on service were not replaced. His Majesty afterwards appointed a guidon, or second cornet, to each troop. The total «staft)li«hmert consisted of thirty-six officers, three kettle-diummers, twelve trumpeters, and six hun- dred private gentlenien. The strength of the guard at Whitehall Palace was three officers, two trumpeters, and one hundred private gentle- men : this guard furnished all the royal escorts required on ordinai'y occasions. The pageant of the Lord Mayor on his return from Westminster Hall on the 29th of October, 1674, was particularly splendid, and portrayed the ancient customs of the country witli great spirit. Among other novelties in the procession were three iiundred and fifty archers, habited in the ancient costume, and armed with long bows and iialf- pikes, in the use of which \veapons tlie English had formerly been justly celebrated. Their Ma- jesties and the Duke of York, with their usual escorts of Life Guards, and attended by many of the nobility, proceeded to Cheupside, where they saw the procession £i*om the balco 3* of u house which hud been prepared for their reception ; and afterwards honoured the ban((uet at Guildhall with tbeir presence. tUy the official records it apjMiars the King took a detachnient of his Life Guards with him where- ♦'ver he went ; but it does noi appear tliat lie wmn THE JLtFE GUARDS. 43 ill the habit of travelling to a greater distance from 1:674 the metropolis than Newmarket, where King James I. had erected a house, which was destroyed during the civil wars ; but Charles II., being a distinguished patron of horse-racing, which was conducted in a superior style at that place, re- built the house, and frequently resided there for short periods, on whicb occasions he was attended by a strong party of his Life Guards. In like manner, when the court was held at Windsor Cas- tle, and at Hampton Court Palace, Hii Majesty had detachments of his Life Guards stationed at these places. The following order to the Duke of Monmouth for a detachment to Windsor, in /-'ne, 1675, is inserted as a specimen of the moae of issuing orders at this period : — 1675 ' Charles R. ' Most deare and most entirely beloved sonn, Wee • greete to meet you well ; in regard of Our intention ' shortly to lemove, w"' Our Court to Our Castle of ' Windsor, for some time. Wee have thought fitt, and • doo hereby signifie to you Our will and pleasure, that • you give order for a Lieutenant, Cornett, Quarter- • Master, and sixty Gentlemen of Our owne troope of •■ Our Horse Guards under your command; for a Lieu- tenant and sixty Gentlemen of Our most desire Consort ' tile Queen's troope of Our Horse Guards, under th^ ' command of our trusty and welbeloved Sir Phillip ' Hon rd, Kn'. , a 'd for the Guidon and sixty Gentle- ' men of Our most deare and most entirely beloved ' brother James Duke of Yorke's troope of Our Horse • (iuards, under the comr'and of Lovis Lord Duras, ' Barron of Iloldenby (which numbers respectively are ' to be eP?cti\e), to be in a leadyness to march with V' I !t 44 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1675 • their horses and armes (uppon notice from you), in such propodions as you shall appoint, to attend Us when Wee shall remove Our Court as aforesaid ; and that you in the irieantime send the said Quprter- Master • of Our owiic troope of Guards under yo' commanti, to • take upp qijarters at Egham, Staines, Oak-ai-bam, and • Cherfsey, ii) innes, victualling-houses, 'averiio, brandy- • houses, and ale-houses, ib \vhi( ij the oina.Ts >,e, v,>on ' Our goeing to Windsor, to quavier them accordingly ; ' and it is Our further will and pleasure, that y" said ' Quarter-Master lake upp he next one or two innes to • Our Castle ol" Windsor, that may servo tor ihe r».ccon • • niodation of the ofFccrs an(l fiftv geuvlen^en of tho s.ii'^) • troopes,^ who shall be from time to tim« up] s t[ie ' gtiard, and for orderly men of severall troojies oi Our ov. ue Reg* of" Horse, under the command of Our right • tiuisty find right welbeloved cousin ind councelo' Au- ' bi.-y Earle of Oxford, who shall alK-^nd you for orders, • jji which (hey are to quarter accordingly, the Quarter- ' Master being to acquaint Our harbingers with it, who ' are to admitt thereof: and soe wee bid you most heart- ' ily farewell. Given at Our Court at Whitehall, the • 9th day of June, 1675. ' By His Ma'« Comand, •J.WILLIAMSON. ' Our denre and most intirely beloved xnnn Jamea Duke of Monmovth, 8)'c' His Majesty issued an order that the before- ineutioned party be relieved on the 2d of Au^ sst, 1375, by one lieutenant, one cornet, one guidon, one (juartei -master, four corporals, i'our sub- corporals, four trumpeters, antl en hutidred and ei^dity ^u-ivatf ^'entlemen, dravn i • Mjual pro- THE LIFE GUARDS. m Au- 8ub- nortions out of the three troops of his Life Guards, 1675 and when relieved to march back to their respective quarters in London. In July, 1675, His Majesty added an adjutant to the corps of Life Guards, with the pay of seven shilHngs per day; and in an order, dated the 1st of December, gave the guidons recently added to each trovop the rank of youngest captain of horse ; and commanded that, when the three troops march with their standards, the officers of the same rank command according to the seniority of the troop ; but when they are out in detached parties, the officers of the same degree are to command ac- cording to the date of their commissions*. The frequent changes of residence made by their Majesties caused the troops of Life Guanls jgj^ to have constant employment. In addition to a daily guard of one hundred men at Whitehall, with occasional detachments to Portsmouth, the regular escorts and duties at the palace when their Majesties were in town, they also furnished the following detachments to attend their Majesiies, which generally consisted of sixty men per troop, in all one lumdred and eiglity, besideji officers ; namely — On the 2*2(1 of March, 1676, a detachment was ordered to attend their sovereign at Newmarket, an' 1 . m ! ■ il t ] i!r J, 1 :■ ^; ■; '■ II Ri ' 1 ■ ^' f 1 If ( , 48 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1678 company was also added to each of the eight eldest regiments of foot. English troops were sent to Flanders ; and a detachment of Lite Guards, con- sisting of four trumpeters, one kettle drummer, and two muj Ired private gentlemen, with officers in p.'-' Brie Corporals, or ^adiers.and Lieutenants. Sub -Corporals, or Sub-Brigatliers. Kettle- Drum- mer. Trumpeters. Clerk of the Troop. Grenadiers is com- Dec-crabor, 1688, and wps created Visoount Hcwytt in April, 1G89. * Sir ,Io'in Feiiwick was uttorwardH colonel of a regiment ut'hurse, now third drapwn |{uardH, in tlie Record ut' whivli corps un account ul'liiH bci'vice» Iiuh been uitiuducud f THE LIFE GUARDS. 55 tenants, viz Hastings Baldock ard William 1679 West ; two Serjeants, two Corporals, two Haut- boys, and three score Private Soldiers, mounted. * His Royal Highness the Duke's Troop of His Majesties Guards is commanded by the Right Honourable Louis Earl of Feversham, late one of the Lieutenant-Generals of the new raised Forces, and Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Dragoons, the Captain and Colonel. Robert Werden, late a Brigadier in the new raised forces, and formerly Colonel of a Regiment of Horse, and now Comptroller of His ko'al High- ness's Household Sir Richard Button, Knt. . Sir John GoDOLPHiN, Knt. . Sir Henrv Fitz-James George Steward, Esq. Mr. William Rolls James Pearce, Esq Nathaniel Leighton, Esq. . Ferdinand Stanhope, late a Captain of a Troop of Horse in His Royal Higlinfss's Regiment William Si'kingall, Esq. Theophuus Oglethorpe, late a Major to the Royal Regiment o" Dragoons Lieutenants and Lieutenant- Colonels. . Cornet & Major. j Guidon and 'I Major. j Quarter- Master '[ and Captain. . Chaplain. . Chirurgeon. C(,.porals, or Br'gadier9,aud Lieutenants. Henry Kimborn Jl NKEN MOROAN Thomas Wood Thomas Smith J Sub-Corporals, or Sub-Briga tter t ^1 *l f- 1 J '1 t ' ,. .j,ik 1 i !l f It 56 HISTORICAL RECORD OF Mi>7nir^ TT i^ ) Kettle- Drum- Ib/v « CoRNKLius Vendek Ende . . . } j mer. ' John Joy ' John Skignior I „ ' Peter Le Fevre Trumpeters. ' William Gamboys I , o I Clerk ofi he ' James Bridgman { „-. I Iroop. ' The Duke's Troop of Grenadiers is com- ' 1 • ^"d by Captain Thomas Rowe, Alexander • v^arne.-», and John Vaughan, Lieutenants ; also ' the same number of Officers and Soldiers with ' the Queen's. ' The pay of the Hor,--- Grenadier Guards is — £. s. d. Captain, per day 12 Eldest Lieutenant 8 Youni^est Lieutenant G Serjeant 3 Corporal, Drummer, and Hautboy .026 Private 2 ' As to the precedency of the respective office a ' of His Majesty's Guards of Horse, the Captains ' alwayes command as eldest Colonejc of Horse ; ' the Ijieutenants, as eldest Lieutenant-C^olonels • of Horse ; the Cornets and Guidons, at* eldest • Majors of ilorse ; the ^Quarter-Masters, as ' younin .l.c Jltth of Man-h, ICrs'.t, ll-.r '■ Il it 1 :i \i.. {lifl; W^ m 58 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i: 1679 nient.' Doctor Sharp, archbishop of St. Andrews, having formerly advocated the covenant, and after- wards become a supporter of episcopacy, was held in detestation and abhorrence ; and one Carmi- chael, who had been made chamberlain to the primate, and sheriff-depute of Fife, had rende'-.^d himself extremely obnoxious to the presbyter' .. by his rigorous assiduity in harassing those ' attended conventicles. Huckstone of Rathillet, a gentleman of Fifeshire, with eight countrymen, armed with swords, carbines, and pistols, went in search of this man, with the inteiiiion of murder- ing him ; but being put upon his guard, he kept out of their way. Having he;ird that the ar'bbishop of St. Andrews was at Ceres, and had to pass that way in his carriage, these fanatics interpreted this circumstance into an interposition of providence, and exclaiming with gloomy rapture ' He is deli- vered into our hands ! ' instantly resolved upon his death. They observed the coach passing at a distance, and gave chase : on overtaking it, they tore the archbishop from the arms of his daughter, dragged him from the coach, and piercing him with redoul)led wounds, caused his immediate death. On Sunday the Ist of June, a numerous armed conventicle met at Loudon-hill, where they ' inclusive, to the 1st of June following excl"', beinjr sixty-three ' (lays, at eij^ht shillings per tliom, and for soe dooin^ Miis shall he * your warrant, &o. Given under my hand and seale the sth day ' of September, i«79. ' MONMOUTH. ' To S' Sitphen Ffox, Knf, fniftnaHler (Ifnerall of His Ma*' Guard* nnd Unrrisuna.' The allowance of eight shillings per day, to defray this charge, was nrterwards borne on the establishnient of the three troops. : ,k ^'m THE LIFE GUARDS. 59 were attacked by Captain Graham*, with his own 1679 independent troop of horse and a detachment ot" dragoons. The covenanters having an immense superiority of numbers, with their front covered by a bog, succeeded in repulsing the troops, and afterwards pushed on to Glasgow, where Captain Graham retreated, and, expecting an attack, had barricaded the streets. On the following day ihe rebels attempted to force the barricades, but were repulsed. Their numbers, however, increased so fast, that Captain Graham abandoned Ghisgow and retreated to Edinburgh. The King ordered the three divisions of Horse Grenadier Guards, three regiments of horse, and eight hundred dragoons to march for Scotland, and sent the Duke of Monmouth to take command of the army there. His Majesty also issued warrants for the raising of three additional troops of Horse Grenadier Guards, to be added to the troops of Life Guards, of ihe same numbers as those raised in the preceding year. On the 19th of June, his grace having united the English troops he brought with him to the troop of Scots Life Guards, the regiment of foot guards, and other forces at Black- burn, sent forward Major Oglethorpe with a de- tachment of horse and dragoons ; and on the 22d the rebels were found posted near Both well castle, between Hamilton and Glasgow, with tlie Clyde in their front, and occupying liothwell bridge, which was strongly barricaded and guarded by a numerous body of men. The Duke ordered the * Captiiin Graham, of Clavorhouse, was created Viscount Dm\- ctec in IfiSS. -'^■■m m lifj M p'l ■ '; 1 l-T \'i i I ^ ' t :il ' .'-^l '■ft' 60 UlSTOltlCAL RECORD OF 1679 bridge to be attacked, and the rebels who de- fended it maintained their post as long as their amnmnition lasted, and then retreated to their main body. The royal army passed the bridge without opposition ; the first discliarge of artillery threw the covenanters into confusion, and a total rout en- suing, several hundreds lell in the conflict, and about twelve hundred were taken prisoners. His grace afterwards had the freedom of the city of Edinburgh presented to him in a gold box. The rebellion being suppressed before the corps ordered to Scotland passed the border, their march was countermanded, and the order for raising three additional troops of Horse Grena- diers was also countermanded before they were completed. Shortly afterwards His Majesty commanded a detachment of the third troop of Life Guards to escort His Royal Highness the Duke of York to Barnet on his way to Scotland. The occasion of this journey originated in an act of parliament, passed in 1673, for the exclusion of all persons from office and trust who would not take the oaths of supremacy and allegiance, and receive the sacra- ment according to the order of the established church of England, in consequence of which the Duke of York resigned His commission. That no suspicion might exist of the influence of popisii councils at court, His Royal Highness, with his DuclieNS and family, retired, in April, 167"^, from St. James's, and took up his residence at Brussels. In August, 1679, His Majesty was ill ol the ague, inr: ■>" :^, / 'i !( . r ' 'I M IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A //A 1.0 I.I 2.0 us 1*0 Ui& IL25 HI 1.4 ilJi4l 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 4 4^ n VtflST MAIN STRUT WIUTH.N.V. USM (7I*)I73.4S03 o / ^ 64 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1681 kept a splendid court, and was attended by the Scots Life Guards, all ceremonies being observed in the same manner as if the King had been present. The citizens of Edinburgh made several public displays of loyalty, particularly on Monday, the 30th of May, when the Scots troop of Life Guards escorted His Royal Highness from the palace to the cross, where a magnificent theatre, covered with rich car- pets, and adorned with costly tapestry, was erected, and where, under an artificial grove of trees, laden with oranges and lemons, a banquet was prepared by the lord provost and magistrates, in commemo- ration of the birth and restoration of His Majesty. The Scots regiment of foot guards (now third or Scots fusilier guards), the Earl of Marr's regiment (now the twenty-first regiment, or Royal North British fusiliers), with the trained bands and militia, were on duty on this occasion. Wine and ale were liberally distributed to the populace, and at night the streets were lighted with illuminations and bonfires. Notwithstanding the lack of harmony between the court and piiriiament in England, displays of loyalty were not confined to Scotland. In Septem- ber, the King and Queen were residing at New- market. On tiie 27th a strong guard of Life G uards attended their Majesties, with the whole court, to Cambridge, where they were received with every demonstration of affection and loyalty. Their Ma- jesties having visited the schools, regent house, col- leges, &c., were entertained at dinner by the vice- chancellor, in the masters' long gallery ; wltere tables were prepared for the lords, ladies, and gentlemen, THE LIFE GUARDS. f)5 and also for the Life Guards and others that be- 1681 longed to the court*, ^o - «:v ; ^ ^ In the following year, %vhen the Duke and 1682 Duchess of York returned to England, they were received at Yarmouth (where they landed on the 10th of March) with great demonstrations of joy; and when they arrived at Norwich they were hailed with enthusiaticac clamations, and the public au- thorities presented a loyal address to their Royal Highnesses. They were met at Erriff by the King and Queen, with a party of Life Guards, and escorted into London in great state. When they arrived at Whitehall the lord mayor and aldermen came to congratulate His Royal Highness on his return. Shortly afterwards alterations and repairs were made in the palace at Whitehall, during which time their Majesties occupied Somerset House, and the guards performed the same duties tliere which they were accustomed to do at Whitehall. After tlie violent commotions and scenes of bloodshed which had been so prevalent in the king- dom previous to the Restoration, the minds ot men did not at once settle into a calm. There were in (he country many bigoted papists, uncompromising republicans, and others dissatisfied with the existing state of things : hence arose plots and eoii.spiracies ; and the nation was often alarmed by reports of dan- * Tuesday, November 22, 1681, ffTiitehal/.—'VWia d&y a Rrand wrcgtling-match was performed in St. James's Park Sei'ure His Majesty, by a gentleman of Her MajestVs Guards and one of the RiKht Honourable the Lord Craven's Foot Guards. They both boins very dexterous and active, it was a long while before they could decide it ; but. in find, the Life Guardsman had the victory. — Loyal Protestant and True Domestic Intelligencer. m 11 66 HISTORICAL RECORD OF r^ *> 1683 gers, which were sometimes real and at other times imaginary. In the spring of 1683 the lives of His Majesty and the Duke of York were con- sidered to have been endangered by the existence of a conspiracy, known by the name of the * Rye- * House Plot.' From the designs of the conspira- tors, as detailed in evidence, it appears the fidelity of the corps of Life Guards to their sovereign was so well known, that an idea of shaking it by any means was not entertained. Notice of this plot was first made known by one Keeling, who impli- cated a number of persons in a conspiracy to assas- sinate His Majesty and the Dnke of York, with the guards that attended them, on their way to New- market ; which tragedy was to have taken place at a house called the Rye, near Hoddesdon, in the county of Herts. Evidence was also produced of a further plan for surprising and murdering the royal guards in London, at the different taverns and hotels at which they were quartered. Several persons were apprehended, and others escaped be- yond sea. Upon the confession of Colonel Ramsey, confirmed by other testimony, lamation was made for the apprehension of tlie Duke of Mon- mouth, Lord Grey, Sir Thomas Armstrong, and Robert Ferguson; and subsequently the Earl of Essex and Lord William Russell were appre- hended. Lord Grey and many others escaped to the continent, whither the Duke of Monmouth proceeded. The Earl of Essex, while confined in the Tower, was found with his throat cut. Tliree of the conspirators were hanged at Tyburn on the 20th of July, and on the following day I^ord Wil- THE LIFE GUARDS. 67 liam Russell was beheaded in Lincoln's Inn Fields. 1683 Precautions were adopted, and a train of Artillery was kept in constant readiness at the station of the Life Guards, opposite Whitehall Palace, and a master gunner, with twenty gunners, were con- stantly on duty there, u. i -^ ? / i%^..;--"^4y& A~-i9h-i The attention of the King was, at this time, 1684 particularly directed to the condition of his army. His Majesty once more- augmented the strength of his guards, and a division of Horse Grenadier Guards was again added to the establishment of each troop of Life Guards, consisting of two lieu- tenants at Ss. per day each ; two Serjeants at 4*. each ; two corporals at Ss. each ; four hautboys, two drummers, and sixty-four grenadiers, at 2s. 6rf. each. They resumed the duties performed by the Horse Grenadier Guards in 1678, and, like them, were considered a part of the troop of Life Guards to which they were attached. The names of the officers of the Horse Grena- dier Guards were, — . His Majesty's Own Troop. — Captains John Parkkr and Thomas Gay. The Qween'.? Troop. — Captains Richakd Potter and Robert Dixon. The Duke of York's Troop. — Lieutenants Anthony Hayford* and John Vaughan. In the field the Horse Grenadiers acted like a company of grenadiers to a battalion, and were armed with muskets and grenades. They dis- mounted, linked their horses, fired, screwed their daggers into the muzzles of their muskets, charged, returned their daggers, fired, and threw their gre- * Anthony Hayrord was afterwards colonel of the royal dragoons. 1-2 68 HISTORICAL RECORD OF It :■ 1684 nades by ranks, the centre and rear ranks advanc- ing in succession through the inteiTals between the file leaders : they then grounded their arms, went to the rightabout, and dispersed ; and, at the '* pre- '• parative," or beating " to arms," they drew their swords, and stood by their arms, falling in with a huzza : they then returned their swords, shouldered and slung their muskets, marched to their horses, unlinked, and mounted ; after which, they fired their pistols and muskets on horseback. - ' v '^^ The exercise of the dragoon differed very little • from that of the horse grenadier, except in that part relative to the grenade*. Several alterations having been made with a view of improving the efficiency of the different corps. His Majesty reviewed his forces on Putney heath, on the 1st of October, when the Queen, with their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York, were present. * The horse consisted of three troops * of Guards, and of their Grenadiers ; the Earl of * Oxford's regiment of Horse Guards ; and the ' Lord Churchill's regiment of Dragoons. The ' foot of two battalions from the Royal Regiment ' of Guards, and their Grenadiers ; one battalion * from the Coldstream Regiment of Guards, and * its Grenadiers ; one battalion from the Earl of ' Dumbarton's and their Grenadiers ; and lastly, of ' one from the Admiral's Regiment. The horse and * foot embodied, and drawn in a continued hne, * took their post upon a rising ground, in length ' from right to left near a mile and half; viz. from * the Red House near the Bowling Green, 9 ; * Treatise on Military Discipline, 1684. i THE LIFE GUARDS. ' extended across the heath, and fronting the river. 1684 * The horse at their usual depth made four * squadrons upon the right wing, of which tiie ' troops of Guards made three, and tlieir Grenc- * diers one. The left wing of horse in like manner « made four squadrons ; whereof my Lord of Ox- * ford's regiment formed two, and my Lord * Churchill's Dragoons the other two : in all of * horse, eight squadrons, each consisting of two 'hundred. • The total of horse and foot which then rendez- * voused were above four thousand, advantageously. * trained and well-clad men, commanded in the field * for that day's generalship, by the Right Honour- * able the Earl of Craven.' In the work from which the above extract is taken,* it is stated, in reference to the liife Guards, that the King's own troop ' consists of two hundred, ' besides officers, distinguished by their carbine * belts of velvet, laced with gold and silver ; by ' their red hooses and holster caps, embroidered * with the royal cypher and crown ; coated and ' cloaked in scarlet lined with blue ; the standard * crimson, with the royal cypher and crown ; the ' guidon different only from the standard by being ' rounded and slit at the end. Tlie grenadiers of * this troop have blue loops tufted with yellow, ' upon red coats lined with blue ; with grenadier * caps lined with the same, and a blue round mark ' on the outside ; armed with bayonets and har- ' quebuzes. * A General and Complete List Military of His Majesty's Land Forces at the time of the Review upon Putney He&th.Oct. Ist, 1684. M far HISTORICAL RECORD OF H. c )• iy 1684 * The Queen's Troop distinguished by carbine belts of green velvet, laced with gold; green huoses and holster caps, embroidered as the King's. The grenadiers diflFerenced by green loops, with yellow tufts.' " ' * * The Duke's Troop distinguished by carbine belts laced Avith silver upon yellow velvet ; hooses and holster caps embroidered upon yellow ; the standard and guidon yellow damask, with His Royal Highness's cypher and coronet. The grenadiers differenced by their coat loops of vellow.* y r I 4. THE LIFE GUARDS. 71 ;.'•., V '1 i ;• ii ^■^ '- " o"* ^%; ,-i.i 1-. ,*''• CHAPIER III. Death of Charles II. —Accession of James II.— The Commission of Captain of all the Life Guards of Horse— The King goes openly to Mass — Coronation — ^The Duke of Monmouth invades England — Life Guards join the Army — Skirmish at Caniston bridge — Skirmish at Philips Norton— Battle of Sedgemoor— En- campments at Hounslow— A fourth troop of life Guards raised — Review — The King visits the Seaports, and also the City of London— Arbitrary measures of the King — The Army aug- mented — ^The Prince of Orange lands in England — Army assembles at Salisbury — ^Movements of the Life Guards — Skir- mish at Wincanton — ^The King reviews his Troops and returns to London —The English Army retires— The Prince of Orange advances— The King leaves London privately — ^The Army dis- banded— King returns to London— Dutch Guards occupy White- hall — The English Guards leave London— King James quits the Kingdom. King Charles II. died on the 6th of February, iggS 1685, and was privately interred in King Henry VI I. 's Chapel, in Westminster Abbey. Imme- diately after his decease a meeting of the privy council was held, and orders were sent for a detach- ment of Life Guards to attend the heralds of arms, while proclaiming the accession of James 11 which was performed on the same afternoon. New com- missions were given to the officers ; and the Duke of Albemarle's commission re-appointing him to the command of the brigade of Life Guards, of which the following is a copy, will give an idea of the im- portance which was attached to that office : — ' JAMES R. ' Jamub the $ECo^D, by the Grace of God, King of i' ii4) '.Si'' ''i\ ti HISTORICAL RECORD OF Ml 1685 ' England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of ' the Faith, &c. &c. &c. • To Our trusty, and right intirely beloved Cousin and ♦ Councillor, Christopher Duke of Albemarle ; Greet- ' ing :— * We, reposing speciall trust and confidence in your * loyalty, courage, and experience in military affairs, ' do, by these presents, constitute and appoint you to be ' Captain of all the Guards of Horse, Life Guards of ' Horse, levied and raised, and that shall hereafter be levied and raised to attend Our Person in that quality ; Giving you hereby power and authority to arme, traine, exercise, lead, conduct, order, and command them in all things, according to the use of war ; and as belongeth • to the power and office of the Captain of Our Life ' Guard of Horse, and to do and execute all such other ' things and services, and to hold and enjoy all such ♦ rights, and privileges, pre eminences, honours, dignities, * authorities, and allowances whatsoever, as are incident, ' or in any way belonging or appertaining, to the charge ' of Captain of all Our Life Guards of Horse, in as full * and ample a manner as James Duke of Monmouth or ' any other hath held, or of right ought to have held and ♦ enjoyed. And we do hereby command the inferior offi- * cers and soldiers respectively to obey you in all things • as their captain, and you are to obey such orders and • commands as you shall from time to time receive from ' us only. . . > • Given at Our Court at Whitehall, the 9th day of • February, 1684-5, in the first year of Our Reign. . * By His Majesty's command, ' ' Sunderland.' The King at once declared himself a Roman Ca- tholic, and went publicly to mass, attended by his guards, and commanded the captain of the Life Guards in waiting to accompany Inm, and walk next THE LIFE GUARDS. 73 to the person of the King, before all others. The 1685 coronation of their Majesties took place on the 23rd of April, when the three troops of Life Guards, ^vith their Grenadiers, were all posted along the line of procession to Westminster Abbey. The Duke of Northumberland was Gold Stick in Waiting on this occasion, and walked in the pro- cession immediately behind the King, supported by the captain of the band of pensioners, and the captain of the yeomen of the guard. A full description of this ceremony was afterwards pub- lished, from which the following is extracted : — ' We shall particularize the usual habits and ' splendid appearance of the first troop of Guards, * omitting those of the others, they being in a • manner the same, except as to the distinguish- • ing colour of each troop ; that of the first ' troop being blue, that of the second green, ' and that of the third yellow. ' The ofl&cers of the first troop are richly * habited, either in coats of crimson velvet em- ' broidered with gold and silver, or of fine scarlet ' cloth, embroidered or laced with gold and silver ' both intermixed. They wear scarfs about their ' waistes, either of gold and silver network, or ' of crimson tafFatta, richly fringed with gold and ' silver on the ed^es, and with a deep fringe of • the same at the ends. Their cloaks are also of ' fine scarlet cloth, embroidered on the cape and * down before with gold and silver both inter- ' mixed. In their hats they wear tours of white ' feathers. The housses and holster caps, being ' of crimson velvet, are richly embroidered and 1;; It II ir-i •^i 74 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ;;■ ^'r >\ i 1685 * embossed with gold and silver ; and the manes, cruppers, and tails of their horses are gar- nished with large knots of broad blue taf&tta ribband. ' The gentlemen of this troop are cloathed in coats and cloaks of scarlet cloth, lined with blue shalloon; the facings of their sleeves of the same stuff; are laced about with a figured galloon of silver edged with gold two inches broad : their buttons are of silver plate. They are accustomed to have each of them a good buff coat, and a large pair of gantlet gloves of the same. And in their hats (which are black, and turned up on one side, and edged with a broad silver lace) they wear large blue knots of broad taffatta ribband (blue being the dis- tinguishing colour of their troop) ; and the heads of their horses are adorned with knots of the like ribband. They have their housses and holster caps of scarlet cloth, embroidered with the King's cypher and crown, with a border of foliage. ' As to the standards, the cornet is of crimson damask doubled, being two foot six inches flying, and two toot three inches on the staff : it is fringed about with silver and gold inter- mixed three inches deep, with strings and tas- sels suitable ; and in the middle is embroidered the King s cypher, ensign'd with a large im- perial crown of gold, within a scroll of silver whereon the King's motto is wrou^t in black silk ; and under the scroll three lesser imperial crowns of gold are embroidered. Tlie guidon T.iE LIFE GUARDS. afd ' is also of crimson damask, made up and em- 1685 ' broidered in all respects as the cornet, from ' which it differs only in form, having a forked ' tail, from the points whereof to the staff is about • a yard and three inches flying.' •; , i} • ; - In less than two months after the coronation an attempt was made by the Duke of Monmouth to dethrone the King. When Monmouth fled to Holland, he was cordially received by the Prince of Orange. After the accession of King James II., the prince, at the desire of that monarch, dismissed the duke and his followers from the States, and they retired to Brussels. There were at that time many political exiles on the continent;, who, presuming that the protestants of England M'ould never submit to be governed by a King who openly professed himself a papist, prevailed upon the duke to invade England. It was also arranged that the Earl of Argyle, who was likewise in Hol- land^ should invade Scotland at the same time. The Earl of Argyle landed at Lorn on the I3th of May ; but, not receiving that assistance which he expected, and being pursued by the King's army under the Earl of Dumbaiton, he was deserted by his followers, captured, and beheaded at Edin- burgh on the 30th of June. The duke of Monmouth, accompanied by a small band of officers and others who had fled to the continent to avoid punishment or per- secution, landed at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, on the lith of June, and set up his standard in the market-place. Being ioined by a concourse of country people, he soon had the appearance of I ^-.f, '---' ^i :f'l m ^f,a *l 76 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I'-; ;: \i ^ :f- )< til 1685 an army ; and he marched to Taunton, in Somer- setshire, where he was proclaimed king. News of this rebellion having reached the court, the Duke of Albemarle, captain of the first troop of Life Guards, was despatched to assemble the militia in Devonshire. Lord Churchill was also sent to the west with part of the royal regiment of horee guards (blues) and a party of the royal dragoons ; and soon afterwards His Majesty sent the Earl of Feversham, captain of the third troop of Life Guards, with a detachment of Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards commanded by Jjieutenant Colonel Villiers, two troops of the blues, two of the royal dragoons, and three batta- lion of foot guards. Orders were al^o given for raising several new regiments, and for the re- turn of those in the service of the States-General of Holland. ' '^ •' ^' ' ' ' The Duke of Monmouth marched from Taunton to Bridgewater, his numbers still increasing ; from thence he proceeded to Bath, where he was refused entrance, and, being advised not to enter Bristol, he returned to Bridgewater. When on the march a detachment of rebels was attacked at Caniston bridge, between Bristol and Bath, by . Lieutenant-Colonel Oglethorp, with a party of Life Guards, who 'cut off two troops of their best * horsfc, killing between eighty and one hundred ' upon the place*.' The Earl of Feversham, having collected the King's forces, went in pursuit of the rebels. A • - •:• * I^ondon Gazette. .-,»,.. THE LIFE GUARDS. 77 detachment of Life Guards, with the grenadier 1685 company of the first foot guards, were sent to reconnoitre near Philips Norton, and on their re- turn they found a narrow lane along which they had to pass blocked up with rebel horse, and the hedges on both sides of the lane lined with rebel foot, who commenced a straggling fire of mus- ketry. Their retreat being thus apparently cut off, the Life Guards raised a loud shout and dashed forward upon their adversaries in a style which bespoke them worthy successors of the cavalier gentlemen who fought in the royal cause in the time of Charles L The foot guards followed in full career, and, . throwing their-hand grenades over the hedges, put th'? rebel infantry in disorder. The weight and fury of the royal troopers proved irresistible; and the rebel horsemen were over- thrown and sabred by their more powerful antago- nists. Lieutenant Vaughan, of the Horse Gre- nadier Guards, slew in a personal combat Colonel Matthews, who commanded the rebel horse on this occasion. A few moments sufficed to decide the contest : about twenty rebels lay dead in the lane, and the remainder gave way and fled : about ten of tile King's men fell in this encounter, and the rest retired leisurely to the main body. On the 5tli of July the King's army was en- 'jamped upon Sedgemoor; and Lieutenant- Colo- nel Oglethorp, with a party of Life Guards, was sent to patrole in the direction of Bristol. About eleven o'clock at night the Duke of Mon- mouth left Hridgewater, and marciied with his forces against the camp, with the view of surpris- ing it. The Duke marched at the head of the i u ■>-'J ■')! Il 78 HISTORICAL RECORD OF N'£ 1685 foot, and Lord Grey commanded the horse. About two on the following morning the rebel forces at- tacked the King's camp, but were frustrated in their object, their progress being checked by the advanced-guard, consisting of a squadron of horse, lifty of the royal dragoons, and one hundred of the royal regiment of foot, which gave time for the main body to be put in order. A desperate combat ensued, in which the rebel foot, though for the most part untrained men, displayed great bravery; their artillery was also well directed, and did great execution : but their horse, after receiving the fire of one or two battalions, fled in disorder. Lieutenant-Colonel Oglethorp*, having learnt that Monmouth had inarched with his army from Bridgewater, returned to the camp with all speed, and formed his men on the right of the in- fiintry. •. : ..;...■ ■..■^ xu, i-r/w'tjH The battle was still raging when Lieutenant- Colonel Villiers led a squadron of Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards, with a troop of the blues and another of royal dragoons, against the right flank of the rebel army ; while Lieutenant- Colonel Oglethorp, with a squadron of Life * Shortly after this ungagement Lieutanant-Colonel Thko- PHiLUs OoLRTHORP was knighted, and appointed colonel of the Holland regiment, now the third foot, or buffs. He entered the Life Guards as a private gentleman, and served in the different ranks of sub-corporal, corporal, guidon, and lieutenant. Two other privates of the Life Guards, who were serving in tho corps at this period, also rose to the rank of general officers ; — namely, —Cornelius Wood, who was many years colonel of the foorth horse, now third dragoon guards, and acquired celebrity in the wars of William Hi. and Queen Anne; andGEOROK Carvbntbr, afterwards Lord Carpbntbr, who commanded the third dragoons nearly thirty ) ears, — an account of whose services is inserted in the Record* of their respective regiments. 14 !i LIFE -GUARDS . 1685. i ' ■ m 1688 different regiments, and added ten Horse Grena- diers to the establishment of each troop of Life Guards. The Scots troop of Life Guards was also augmented twenty men, ordered to march into England, and placed on the English establish- ment, with an increased rate of pay. The total strength of the corps of Life Guards, with its grenadiers, was twelve hundred and eighty-six, including all ranks. When the Dutch fleet had passed Dover, the King sent a hundred Horse Grenadier Guards to Portsmouth to reinforce the garrison. The Prince of Orange landed at Torbay on the 5th of November, and marched to Exeter, where he was joined by many of the nobility, gentry, and officers of the King's army, with small detach- ments from several regiments ; Viscount Colchester, and several private men of the fourth troop of Life Guards, being among the first who joined his High- ness. • • . ' ■ King James ordered his forces to assemble at Salisbury, under the command of the Earl of Feversham, and sent two troops of Life Guards forward immediately : another troop was de- spatched in charge of the train of artillery ; and the remaining troop attended the King, who arrived at Salisbury on the 19th of November. On tiie 20th there was a skirmish at TVincanton, between part of the fourth troop of Life Guards under Lieut.-Colonel Patrick Sarsfield with some dra- goons, and part of the Prince of Orange's force. On the 2 1st the King reviewed his troops stationed in and near Salisbury ; and, at a council of war held THE LIFE GUARDS. 85 on the following evening, it was resolved that the 1688 army should retire and take up a position near the metropolis. On the same night the Duke of Grafton, Lord Churchill, and several others, left the King, and went over to the Prince of Orange. His Majesty, alarmed at these desertions, resolved to return to London immediately, and took with him a troop of Life Guards ; hut, hefore leaving Salisbury, he promoted the Duke of Berwick from the colonelcy of the royal regiment of horse to that of the third troop of Life Guards, in the place of Lord Churchill. When returning to London, the King had the further mortification of finding himself deserted by Prince George of Denmark, the Duke of Ormond, Sir George Hewytt, with many other persons of distinction, and even by his daughter the Princess Anne. The Earl of Feversham retired with the King's forces towards London ; and the Prince Oi Orange advanced without experiencing opposition (ex- cepting a slight affair at Reading), until the English army had arrived within thirty miles of the metro- polis ; when the King commanded the Life Guards to be ready to accompany him to Uxbridge, where he stated it was his intention to proceed on the morning of the 11th of December, and take com- mand of his army; but on the evening of the 10th His Majesty wrote a letter to the Earl of Fever- sham, in which he stated his determination to quit the kingdom, and added he did not require his troops to resist the Prince of Orange. After writing this letter, the King left White- hall privately, and embarked for France. As 'Mm M ■ft jjjf m 86 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1GS8 soon as the King's departure was publicly known, ' tlie Duke of Northumberland, with the Life Guards then in London, declared for the Prince of Orange. This example was followed by stve- rul noblemen and principal officers about London, who met at Whitehall, and sent an express to the Prince to acquaint him with the King's departure, and to assure him they would assist the lord mayor to keep the city quiet until His Highness's arrival. Lieut.-Colonel VilUers, who commanded the Life Guards on duty at Whitehall, rendered efficient aid in the preservation of tranquillity in the metropolis. On the following morning the Earl of Feversham went to Uxbridge to meet the King, where he re- ceived his Majesty's letter, which he read aloud to the troops, and afterwards held a council of war, at which it was concluded His Majesty's intention was that the army should be disbanded. Accord- ingly they dismissed all the troops they had with them, and then sent information of their proceed- ings to the Prince of Orange, who ordered the troops to be called together again, and directed Lord Churchill, the former colonel of the third troop of Life Guards, to proceed to London, to re-assemble the gentlemen of his troop. The vessel in which the King was embarked having been detained at Feversham, the Earl of Winchelsea prevailed upon His M»j 3s,ty io return. The King arrived In London on the I^ ■ <>* De- cember, escorted by a squadron ii Liie Guards, which the Earl of Feversham had taken to meet His Majesty as soon as his intention to return was ri.- THE LIFE GUARDS. 87 known. King James aent the Earl with a letter to 1688 the Prince of Orange, to invite him to St. James's, with such guards an«] troops us His Highness should think convenient to bring with him. The Prince ordered the Earl of Feversham to be de- tained in arrest for appearing at his quarters with- out a passport, and sent no answer to the King's letter. . , ^>i-'''f '■■•*•■ ■ •■ v- ' - ^'■' ^■•''- On the night of the 1 7th of December the Dutch guards took possession of Whitehall, and tlie English guards withdrew. On the following day the King left London, and proceeded to Rochester. On the same afternoon the Prince of Orange arrived at St. James's. The English guards also marched from London ; the first troop of Life Guards to Maidstone, the second to Chelmsford, the third to St. Alban's, the fourth to Epsom and Ewell, and the Scots troop to Bicester. The King privately withdrew from Rochester on the 23rd of December, and proceedetl to France, where he was received by Louis XIV. with great hospitality, and the castle of St. Ger- mains was assigned for his residence. .1 I '; If;. 88 HISTORICAL RECORD OF CHAPITER IV. m Accession of William and Mary— The fourth troop of Life Guards disbanded, and the Dutch troop numbered the fourth troop — King James lands in Ireland — The second troop of Life Guards proceeds to Holland — Battle of Walcourt — The first, third, and fourth troops attend King William to Ireland — The second troop returns to England— Operations of the Army in Ireland— Battle of the Boyne— Relief of Birr— Life Guards return to England- Hostilities on the Continent — The third and fourth troops pro- ceed to Holland— Campaign of 1691 — Skirmish near Catoir— The first troop of Life Guards proceeds to the Netherlands — Campaign in 1692— Battle of Steenkirk— Campaign in 1G93 — Battle of Landen— The Horse Grenadier Guards formed into a troop — The second troop of Life Guards embark for Holland — Campaign in 1694— Campaign in 1695— Siege ofNamur — Campaign in 1696— Peace of Ryswick — Life Guards return to England — The Dutch troop embarks for Holland — Alterations ill the Uniform — Review in Hyde Park — Death of William III. 1CS9 After the departure of King James the Prince of Orange assembled a convention, which declared the throne abdicated and vacant; the crown was tendered to William and Mary, the Prince and Princess of Orange, which their Highnesses ac- cepted, and prochimation of their accession was made with the usual ceremony on the 13th of February, 1689. The coronation of their Majesties took place on the 23rd of April, wlien the Life Guards were posted at their usual station, on the side of the platform between Westminster Hall and the en- trance of the abbey ; and the (udd Stick in Waiting III THE LIFE GUARDS. 89 w^alked in the ]>roces!sion immediately behind the 1689 King. His IMajesty brought with him a troop of Dutch Life Guards, which he placed upon English pay ; and, havuig disbanded the fourth English troop, the Dutch troop was numbered the fourth troop of Guards ; it was commanded by Henry Count of Nassau, Seigneur d'Auverquerque, an officer of great merit. The King also made several altera- tions in the esiiiblishment of the three remaining English troops : the four brigadiers were promoted exem{)ts, with tlie ;ank of captain, and their pay was increased to 12*. per day ; the sub-brigadiers were promoted brigadiers, with the rank of lieu- tenant, and 10*. per day ; four private gentlemen were promoted sub-brigadiers, with the rank of cornet, and 5*. per day. The King also appointed an adjutant to each troop, and abolished the com- mission of quarter-master and captain. The corps was preserved in its original splendour : the Dutch troop \vas mounted on grey horses, and the English troops on black horses. The late King still entertained some hopes of regaining the British throne. The catholics of Ire- land in his interest far out-numbered the protest- ants, and the Earl Tyrconnel had modelled an army there to maintain the popish interest. Assisted by the French monarch with men, money, and a iletit, King James landed at Kinsale, in the west of Ireland, on the 22nd of March, 1689, and after made his public ontry into Dublin, soon when nearly the whole of Irehmd acknowledged hi.s authority. ,v ■ ^i "■tS MS 90 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i iff I ■; f 1689 In consequence of the assistance given by the French King to King James, and other causes, King William III. declared war against France; and, still retaining his interest in Holland, His Majesty succeeded in forming an alliance with several states against the French King. Having determined to retain the Dutch troops he brought with him in England, he sent Lord Churchill with a Brit'sh force to Holland, to assist the Dutch in their operations against France. The second troop of Life Guards accompanied this expedition, and served in the campaign of this year under Prince Waldeck*. The Life Guards were em- ployed in several movements, and in August the army was encamped at Tf^alcourt. On the 25th of that month a piquet under Colonel Hodges was attacked by the French, under Marshal d'Humieres, who gained some advantage and endeavoured to carry Walcourt by assault. During the heat of the conflict the Earl of Marlborough ordered for- ward two regiments of infantry, and, placing him- self at the head of the second troop of Life Guards and royal regiment of horse guards, menaced the enemy witli a charge of these formidable squadrons ; when the French retreated, with the loss of about two thousand men killed and wounded. In the mean time, many protestants in Ireland, • My Lord, Whitehall, '23rd April, 1089. By virtue of His Majesty's orders to me directed, rolutiiig to the forces going to Holland, I desire your (Jrace to take care that the second troup of (uiards, under your Grace's <>omniund, be sliipt at Ueptford lis soon as may be, and nail to Rotterdam ; from whence notice is to bo given to Prince Wahkck of their arrival, for his orders concerning the further disposal of (bom. (Signed) ('Ht'RCHiLL. To the Dnhc nf Ormoiiif. THE LIFE GUARDS. 91 expecting arms, ammunition, and commissions 1680 tiom England, began to enlist men ; and, giving the recruits such weapons as they could procure, made a show of forming an army to oppose King James. Their circumstances, however, soon be- came desperate : succours were sent from Eng- land, and commissions were issued to raise five regiments of cavalry and eighteen of infantry. Ten thousand English and Dutch were placed under the command of the veteran Marshal Duke Schomberg, who landed in Ireland in the middle of August, and commenced operations against their opponents. After the capture of Carrickfergus he formed a camp on some low marshy ground near Dundalk, where his army suffered from a pestilential disease, and was greatly reduced in numbers. His Majesty, having determined to command the 1690 forces in Ireland in person, increased the number of troops in that country to upwards of thirty thou- sand men, and ordered the first, third, and fourth troops of his Life Guards to attend him during the campaign. The second troop was directed to return from Holland, and, with the Scots troop, form a guard for the Queen in England. The Life Guards, with their Grenadiers, embarked at Highlake, in Cheshire, in the beginning of June, 1690; on the 14th the King, attended by Prince George of Den- mark, the Duke of Ormond, tlie Earls of Oxford, Portland, Scarborough, Manchester, and many other persons of distinction, landed at Carrickfergus, and, advancing towards the Jioyne, encamjHjd on the 30tl» of June within cannon-shot of tin? <'nen>v, who were in position on the other sillow the diversion of hunting. After the King's departure the confederate army advanced towards the plains of Chambron ; and when part of the army had passed the little river and defile near Catoir, the Duke of Luxemburg, having made a rapid advance with fifty-five squad- rons of cavaliy, suddenly attacked the rear-guard of the confederates with great fury. Count de Tilly, who commanded the rear, received the shock with bravery, but was soon overpowered. Lieutenant-Generals d' Auverquerque and Opdain brought back part of the troops which had passed the rivulet, and forming a second line, enabled Count de Tilly to rally his men. Two battalions were also posted behind the hedges adjoining the defile, and their fire produced effect in the ranks of the enemy ; but so determined was the charge of the French, that the second line also gave way. The confederate cavalry was however soon rallied, and advancing to the charge, the enemy, fearing to push the action too far, lest the main body of the confederate army should come up and attack him in the rear, retreated in some disorder. During the heat of this action a private of the English Life Guards, having penetrated through the first ranks of the enemy, perceived, at a short distance. Marshal Luxemburg, attended by ten or H Ml •n ■ i S\^ •: 98 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I 1691 twelve of his staff: the life guardsman, with his pistol in his hand, rushed up to the marshal with intent to shoot him ; but his life was preserved by the interposition of his attendants, who killed the life guardsman. In a short time after this encounter both armies retired into winter-quarters ; and His Majesty proceeded to England. 1692 Returning to Holland in March, 1692, King William resumed the command of the confederate army ; and was followed by the first troop of Life Guards, which landed at Williamstadt on the 9th of April. The French, commanded by Louis XIV. in person, invested Namur; and King William put his army in motion, with a view of raising the siege : the Life Guards brought six hundred mounted men into the field, and formed four fine squadrons, commanded by the brave Duke of Or- mond. On the advance of His Majesty, the Duke of Luxemburg, who cov ■ led the operations against Nanmr with an army of seventy thousand men, marched towards the Mehaine. On the 8th of June the two armies were in sight of each other, the river only remaining between them. His Ma- jesty resolved to cross the river and attack the enemy, but was prevented by heavy rains ; and during this delay the governor of Namur delivered up the town and retired into the castle, which he surrendered on the 30th of June. After several movements, the confederate army passed the little river Senne, and encamped in front of Halle, the Life Guards pitching their tents near the castle of Lembeck, where the King had his quarters. THE LIFE GUARDS. Marshal Luxemburg was encamped on mast 10^)2 advantageous ground, his right on Steenkirk, left at Enghien, and his head-quarters at Hove : where His Britannic Majesty resolved to attack him. Early on the morning of the 3d of August, 1692, the confederate army was put in motion ; and after passing several defiles and other obstructions, the leading column, commanded by the Prince of Wirtemberg, attacked the enemy, gained posses- sion of a wood in front of the right wing, and erected two batteries on little eminences, on the right and left of the wood. Under cover of the fire of these batteries the confederate troops marched to the head of the defiles, where a small plain opened in their front: the English Life Guards, horse and dragoons of the right wing, with four infantry regiments, were commanded to pro- ceed to the right skirts of the wood ; and three other corps of infantiy, with the horse of the left wing, were posted upon the outside of the wood. The advance-column, supported by the seven in- fantry regiments, attacked the enemy, drove him from three several hedges to the fourth, where the fire was kept up, muzzle to muzzle, and also carried a battery and captured seven pieces of cannon. This attack was, however, not seconded and sup- ported by the main body of the infantry, which, at the commencement of the action, was one mile in the rear : the ground was also so confined, and the enemy's troops so sheltered by hedges, ditches, and copses, that the cavalry could not act. The corps in advance were pressed by superior num- bers ; every endeavour was made to bring up h2 .*^ '■ ; 100 HISTORICAL RECORD OF fji r-m ' '- ii <' it 1692 tl]ie main body, but, from hurry and anxiety, con- fusion ensued. Tiie enemy was reinforced by an immense body of dragoons, who charged with such fury, that they drove the leading columns from the wood before a second line of battle could be formed. The English Life Guards and other cavalry, on the right of the wood, maintained their ground for some time ; the squadron of Horse Grenadier Guards dismounted and charged on foot with sig- nal gallantry, and its commander, Lieutenant- Colonel Cholmondeley, was wounded ; but the other troops having given way, the Life Guards were compelled to retreat. Fresh troops arrived on the ground : but King William saw the en- gagement could not be renewed, except under great disadvantage ; and he commanded a retreat, which was covered by the Horse Grenadier Guards, and was effected without molestation from the enemy, who followed at a short distance, until the confederates reached their ground at Halle. The Life Guards had Brigadier Sooles killed ; Colonel Staples, Captain Pearcy, Captain Bennefield, and Captain Jordan, wounded. In the beginning of September detachments of Life Guards marched from the camp to take post at different stations on the road to the royal palace. On the 26th the King left the army under the command of the Elector of Bavaria, and repaired to Loo ; and on the I5th of October sailed for England. 1693 On the 23d of April, 1693, His Majesty arrived in the Maese, and soon after joined the army. THE LIFE GUARDS. 101 Louis XIV. appeared in Flanders at the head of 1693 a numerous and well-appointed army ; but King William liaving thrown reinforcements into Liege, Macstricht, Huy, and Charleroi, took possession of Parck camp ; l>y which he defeated the designs of the French monarch, wiio retired to his palace at Versailles. King William detached the Prince of Wirtemberg with a strong detachment to force the French lines between the Scheldt and tlie Lys ; which he effected, and laid the country under con- tribution, as far as Lisle. The enemy . invested Huy. King William advanced towards the Maese, but when he reached Tongres he learnt that the garrison of Huy had capitulated. His Majesty sent ten battalions to reinforce the garrison of Liege, and returned to Neer-Hespen, in South Brabant. The confederates being much weakened by detachments, the Duke of Luxemburg, who exceeded them in numbers by thirty-five thousand men, marched against the King's camp. At sunrise on the morning of the 19th of July, the enemy's troops were drawn up in order of battle ; and about eight they attacked the villages of Laer and Neer Winden with great fury. Twice they gained these posts, and twice they were re- pulsed, and the Duke of Berwick, who held an appointment in the French army, was, with several other officers, taken prisoner. The French attacked the left wing at Neer-Lan- den ; and after a most obstinate struggle were forced to give way. During the early part of the day the confederates had the advantage at every point of attack ; but the superior numbers of the 1 m ir 'Jit 102 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1693 enemy enabled liim to bring forward fresh troops, and he ultimately gained possession of tlie avenues of the village of Neer-Winden. This success enabled Marshal Luxemburg to throw a large body of horse into the confederates' camp; and following up this advantage by new efforts made with fresh troops, the confederates, after an obsti- nate resistance, were forced, by superior numbers, from their posts. Laer and Neer-Winden were taken ; and the camp was immediately filled with French troops. The Hanoverian, Spanish, Bava- rian and Dutch horse, in endeavouring to check the enemy, were broken ; when King William brought forward his Life Guards and the English horse to their assistance. The position was already forced, and the French cavalry were crowding onward to complete the victory, when the Life Guards dashed forward to meet the conquering foe with signal gallantry, and the fury of their charge, with the valour and power with which these distin- guished horsemen fought, excited His Majesty's admiration : they were nobly seconded by the re- mainder of the English cavalry, and their prowess retarded the fate of the day. The Duke of Or- mond, colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, ' fought amongst the thickest of the enemy with ' an incomparable bravery, such as became the * son of the great Ossory, and the heir of the * virtues as well as the wealth of a family of he- ' roes : as lie was engaged amidst a crowd of ' enemies, his horse was slu»t under him, and he ' was severely wounded and taken prisoner' • D'Auvorgne. ,.* ' THE LIFE GUARDS. 103 Notwithstanding this display of valour, superior 1693 numbers prevailed ; King William, perceiving no chance of wresting tlie victory fioni the enemy, commanded a retreat, and His Majesty remained so long in the field, that he was nearly surrounded by French troops, and was in great danger of being taken prisoner, when Lieutenant the Honourable Hatton Comp^on suddenly brought part of the third troop of Life Guards to the King's rescue, and by a gallant charge drove back the enemy, and held them in check until His Majesty retired ; for which service he was immediately promoted to the rank of colonel*. The enemy sustained so heavy a loss in killed and wounded that he gained Uttle advantage from the victory. The King re-assembled his army, and on the 20th of August enca.'iped at St. Quintin Linneck. In the afternoon of the following day His Majesty rode out to reconnoitre, and took with him, l)esides his usual escort of Life Guards, a detachment of dragoons. Wliile in a wood, he encountered a party of French horse, when His Majesty com- manded his escort to charge, and the French were routed and seventeen taken prisoners. In the middle of September the Lile Guards escorted His Majesty from the camp at Ninove, to the palace at Loo; and afterwards went into (juarters at Breda in Dutch Brabant. The Duke of Luxemburg liaving been joined by strong reinforcements invested CImrleroi, which ca])itulated on tlie 1 ith of October. Soon after- * Momoirs nf tbe Honourable Hatton Compton. ■»■' is:] m %'^ ■ii;- i«- : ;H ii I ; r IMS' :'J 104 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1693 wards the confederate army went into winter- quarters, and King William returned to England. In October, 1693, the Horse Grenadier Guards attaclied to tlie three English troops of Life Guards were embodied into one trtx^, of which Colonel George Cholmondeley was appointed cap- ^ tain and colonel, his commission bearing date the 4th of October, 1693. The troop of Horse Gre- nadier Guards continued to form a part of His Majesty's Life Guards, and to take a share in the duties performed by that corps. 1694 Early in the spring of 1694, reinforcements were sent from England, and on the 14th of April the second troop of Life Guards, the Dutch regi- ment of horse guards, a number of recruit-horses, with a train of artillery, embarked on the Thames, and sailed for the Netherlands. About the mid- dle of May King William arrived in Holland ; and on the 3d of June His Majesty placed himself at the head of the army. Tiie cor[>8 of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards brought eight hundred othcers and men into the field, and the splendid and warlike appearance of this powerful body of cuirassiers excited udmir:*tion. The summer was passed in mancEuvring ; towards the close of the campaign King William connnanded Huy to be besieged. The governor surrendered the place on the '28th of September. His Majesty quitted the camp on the 30th ; two of the troops of Life Guards begun their march towards Breda, and in the middle of October botii armies broke up for wi'iter-quarters. The three Englisli troops of Life (iuards and Dutcli regiment of horse guards THE LIFE GUARDS. 105 were quartered at Breda, the troop ol" Horse Gre- 1694 nadier Guards at Bois-le-Duc, and tlie Dutch troop of Lil^ Guards atthe Hague. The death of Queen Mary, which took place on the 28tli of December, 1694, did not prevent King VV^illiam from taking the field in person in the spring of the following year. His Majesty arrived in Holland early in May, 1695 ; and was 1695 escorted to the camp at Arseele on the 28th of May by the second troop of Life Guards. After the death of Marshal Luxemburg, which took place in January, 1695, the command of the French army in Flanders was given to Marsb'il Villeroy, who drew a new line between the Lys and the Scheldt, and made dispositions for covering Dunkirk, Ypres, Tournay, and Namur. King William, having by various movements drawn the enemy's force to the Flanders side of their fortified lines, commanded the Earl of Athlone to invest Namur with the cavalry under his orders. His Majesty left the camp at Rouselaer on the morning of the 19th of June, taking with him the second and fourth troops of Life Guards, and the Horse Grenadier Guards, and was followed by the Dutch horse guards and a regiment of dragoons ; and on the ^'ind arrived before the important fortress of Nanmr, to superintend the operations in person. The Life Guards attended His Majesty during the progress of the siege, which was pro- secuted with great ardour, and the garrison de- fended the place with equal spirit and firmness. Some outworks were taken by storm ; a breach had ':een made, and all was ready for a general lif i 106 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1695 assault, when the governor capitulated for the town on the 4th of August, and the garrison re- tired into the castle. The French army com- manded by Marshal Villeroy advanced towards Namur, to raise the siege, but found the con- federates too strongly posted to admit of a chance of success, and retired, without hazarding an en- gagement. Operations against the castle were carried on with vigour ; the enemy made several furious sallies ; some of the outworks were stormed and taken ; and further proceedings were ter- minated, on the 1st of September, by the surrender of this important fortress. About ten o'clock in the morning of the 5th of September, the garrison, which from fourteen thousand was reduced to five thousand five hun- dred and thirty-eight men, marched out. While passing through the confederate army, which was formed so as to make a lane, Marshal Boufflers was arrested by the commanding officer of the brigade of Life Guards, attended by twelve life guardsmen, as an hostage for the performance of the terms of the capitulation of Dixnmde and Deynse, which had been surrendered to the French, and the garrisons detained, contrary to the cartel. Three days afterwards the marshal was escorted to Maestricht by a detachment of Life Guards ; and on the 14tli of September a relay of escorts attended the King to his palace at Loo. On the 21st the remainder of the corps of Life Guards marched into quarters at Breda, Bois-le-duc and the Hague ; ind shortly afterwards King William returned to England. THE LIFE GUARDS. 107 Towards the end of 1695, the French King 1695 made some preparations for a descent upon Eng- land, in favour of King James, who still resided in France, and was also suspected of having a knowledge of the existence of a plot to assassinate King William. The confederate generals resolved to retaliate upon France ; in the beginning of March, 1696, they sent a strong detachment of 1696 horse to make a diversion on the side of Charleroi : they also invested Dinant ; then advanced with a considerable force against Givet, where the enemy hud established vast magazines, and having reduced the town and magazines to ashes, returned without interruption. Towards the end of May, 1696, King William again placed himself at the head of the confe- derate forces in the Netherlands. The Life Guards attended His Majesty during the campaign, which was spent by both armies in observing each other, and endeavouring to possess themselves of the most advantageous camps. The French King had sent to the Hague proposals towards concluding a general peace. There being no appearance of any action, on the 2nd of August the fourth troop of Life Guards was sent towards the royal palace at Loo ; and detachments were posted on the road to escort His Majesty. The Life Guards passed the winter in the same quarters as in the preceding yeai'. The French King assembled a numerous army 1697 in Flanders, and invested Aeth. King William took the field, but did not interrupt the proceed- ings against Aeth, which surrendered in a few !■■.» 108 HISTORICAL RECORD OF i'.h I ^ a ill : 1697 days after the trenches were opened. At this time (May the 31st) the quarters of King William were at Promelles, facing Nivelle and the wood of Maltha, which was covered by the brigade of Life Guards, the English foot guards, and the royals. His Majesty took possession of an advantageous camp before Brussels, and preserved that city from a siege, upon which the French generals had de- termined. On the 20tli of July a troop of Life Guards was sent to post itself in relays on the road towards the palace at Loo, and on the 3rd of August His Majesty left the camp. The peace of Ryswick was concluded on the 20th September, 1697 ; and the three troops of Life Guards, and the troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, returned to England in October of that year, took up their quarters in London and West- minster, and resumed their former duties ; and the Scots troop proceeded to Edinburgh. The fourth (or Dutch) troop of Life Guards also re- turned to London, and took its turn in the same duties. A detachment from each troop met the King at Greenwich, and attended him in his grand public entry into London, on the I6th of Novem- ber. After the peace of Kyswick, the heavy cavah'y in the preceding reigns; but the presence of the Dutcb Ciuards did not prove 1699 agreeable to the nation, and in 1699 an act of par- liament was passed which restricted the troo[)s in English pay to His Majesty's natural-born sul>- THE LIFE GUARDS. 109 jects. The King reviewed his Dutch Life Guards 1699 in Hyde Park on the 1 5th of March, and on the 24th they embarked for Holland. After the departure of the Dutch the King made great alterations in the uniform of his three English troops of Life Guards. The lace on the coats, which had for several years past been silver, edged with gold, was now ordered to be gold-lace only. The feathers worn in the hats of the private gentlemen had been discontinued more than twenty years ; but the King commanded the whole to re- sume wearing feathers in their hats, — the first troop to have scarlet feathers, the second white, and the third green. The quantity of lace on the horse furniture was also considerably increased ; and the splendid and warlike appearance of this distin- guished body of heavy cavalry was much admired. After making these alterations, the King review- ed the brigade of Life Guards in Hyde Park on the 9th November, and expressed his admiration of the appearance and state of discipline of the corps*. * ' On Thursday last the three troops of Life Guards marched into Hyde Park, and were drawn up by their respective com- manders, viz'. His Grace the Duke ofOrmond, the Right Hon*"', the Earl of l*ivers, and the Right Hon*-', the Earl of Albemarle. The King came into the iield between 12 and 1 a clock, with his Highness the Prince of Denmark, his Highness the Duke of Gloucester, his Grace the Duke of Norfolk, his Gra(!e the Duke Sctiomberg, the Earls of Marlborough, Romney, Feversham, ' Jersey, Grantham, &.'=''., and took a review of them, with which He was extreamly pleased. His Majesty rid through all the Hanks on a neat Barbary Horse, which was presented him by the Dey of Algiers ; then he ordered them to file oflf, to the end that he might take particular notice of each Gentleman and his Horse as they passed before him : First, his Grace the Duke of 110 HISTORICAL RECOHD OF 1702 At the commencement cf the year 1702 orders were given for two squadrons of Life Guards to be ready for service abroad, at which time war with France was contemplated : but the decease of His Majesty, which took place on the 8th of March, retarded the preparations for war, and the Life Guards attended the remains of their late sove- reign to Westminster Abbey, instead of ac- companying him to the field. ■'-^SdS'ii ' Ormond, and his Officers, followed by the Gentlemen of his ' troop, all mounted on black Horses, in their scarlet Coates richly ' Laced, with white-Feathers in their Hats, marched by the King ; ' and then the other troops, which were well mounted also, in ' their scarlet Coates richly Laced, having red and green Feathers ' in their Hats, passed the Review likewise. (The Holster Caps ' and Housings of the Three Troops were all covered with Lace.) ' So that to the great satisfaction of His Majesty, and to the universal applause of the great Officers that Commanded them, ' they appeared (by the Account of all the Spectators) to be the ' finest Body of Men, and the compleatest Cloath'd and Accoutred, in the World. There were in the Park to see this fine Shew, ' by C!!omputation, near 20,000 People, of both sexes, and above a thousand Coaches.' — The Post- Boy of Wth November, 1699. ' The Guards have now received their new Cloaths, which are extraordinarily grand, and they are generally thought to be the finest Body of Horse in Europe.' — London Post, 2nd Nov. 1699. n i m. THE LIFE GUARDS. Ill CHAPTER V. Accession of Queen Anne — War with France — A troop of Horse Grenadier Guards raised in Scotland — ^The Queen goes in state to St. Paul's — Standards and Colours taken at Blenheim depo- sited in Westminster Hall — Standards and Colours taken at Ramilies deposited in Guildhall— The Union of Scotland with England — Alarm of Foreign Invasion—Scots Life Guards march to London — Riots in London — Peace with France — Death of Queen Anne — Accession of George I. — Life Guards meet the King at Greenwich, and attend him in his grand Public Entry into London — His Majesty dines in the City, and goes in state to St. Paul's — Rebellion in Scotland— Camp in Hyde Park— The Prince of Wales reviews the Life Guards — War with France — The King reviews his Life Guards — The King of Spain fits out a fleet to invade England — Riots in Lonion — Prices of Commissions- Camp in Hyde Park— Funeral of the Duke of Marlborough — Changes of Quarters — Death of King George L A TROOP of Life Guards and a division of the 1702 troop of Horse Grenadier Guards attended the heralds of arms on the 8th of March, 1702, when the accession of Her Majesty Queen Anne was proclaimed with the usual solemnities ; and on the 23d of the following month the Life Guards were on duty at Her Majesty's coronation, when they occupied their usual post on the line of procession, and the Gold Stick in Waiting was stationed next to the Queen. Her Majesty continued the course of foreign policy adopted by her predecessor, and declared war against France ; but the Life Guards did not serve abroad in the campaigns which followed, t 'I J If: 4 illv Mm "^^' 'I fri .1 ■i-A ■ :■,■' 112 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 170-2 nor where they employed on any of the expedi- tions during the war, excepting a few men who were aspiring to commissions, and were permitted to serve abroad in 4he character of volunteers. The death of King William had revived the hopes of the papists ; and the partizans of the late King James, who died at St. Germains, on the 16th September, 1701, were employed in con- spiring to effect the restoration of his family with renewed vigour : the attendance of the entire bri- gade of Life Guards upon the court was tlierefore deemed indispensable ; and the Queen increased the strength of the Scots guards by the addition of a troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, which was raised at Edinburgh, and attached to the Scots troop of Life Guards. On the lord mayor's day following Her Majesty proceeded in state to Cheapside, where a house had been prepared for her reception, from the bal- cony of which she saw the civic cavalcade pass along the streets. The Queen afterwards honoured the citizens wit) her presence at the entertainment in Guildhall. The following was the order of the procession on this occasion : — The knight marshal with six attendants in scar- let ; two coaches drawn by six horses — in the first were pages of honour, and in the second the mas- ter of the horse and Gold Stick in Waiting ; the troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; the yeomen of the guard ; Her Majesty, in a state coach covered with purple, drawn by eight horses, with purple and white harness, and escorted by the second THE LIFE GUARDS. 113 troop of Life Guards ; four coaches, in which were 1702 maids of honour, followed by an immense train of the carriages of the nobility and officers of state. The streets were lined by the artillery company and the orange and red regiments of the London militia. Although the Life Guards were not employed in the field, yet the duties they performed were connected with the victories gained by Her Ma- jesty's forces, which commenced, in the first year of her reign, with the destruction of a numerous fleet of Spanish merchantmen with a French con- voy, in the port of Vigo by a land force under the Duke of Ormond*, and the fleet commanded by Sir George Rooke, when ten ships of war with eleven galleons were captured. A day of public thanksgiving, on account of this success, was ap- pointed (12th November), when the Queen went in state to St. Paul's Cathedral, preceded by the members of both houses of parliament > The following order of procession was observed on this occasion : the knight marshal, on horseback^ with his attendants : one of Her Majesty's coaches, with six horses, wherein were the gentlemen ushers ; another of Her Majesty's coaches, wherein sat the Duke of Somerset, master of the horse, and the Duke of Ormond, Gold Stick in Waiting ; * The Duke of Ormond was attended by upwards of twenty private gentlemen of the second troop of Life Guards, who were permitted to serve as volunteers in this expedition; and their conduct at the storming of the forts at the port of Vigo was commended. I 1 4 ^'- It? .1 r ;M lU HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1702 the troop of Horbe Grenadier Guards; two more coaches, in which were ladies and maids of honour ; Her Majesty's footmen ; the yeomen of the guard, on foot; Her Majesty, in her state coach, drawn hy eight horses ; and, lastly, a troop of Life Guards. The streets were lined by the city trained bands; and two companies of foot guards were posted in the cathedral. 1704 The next public rejoicing was occasioned by the celebrated battle of Blenheim, which was fought on the 13th of August, 1704, when the confede- rate armies, under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy, obtained a most signal victory over the French and Bavarians, com- manded by Marshal Tallard and the Elector of Bavaria, when Marshal Tallard, with numerous other officers of rank and distinction, were made prisoners and brought to England. The 7th of September being appointed a day of public thanksgiving, the Queen went in state to St. Paul's, attended by a squadron of her Life Guards ; and Her Majesty ordered the standards and colours taken on this occasion to be put up in Westmin- ster Hall, as trophies of this splendid victory. They were accordingly conveyed thither from the 1705 Tower of London, on the 3rd January, 1703, in the following order : — The troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; a de- tachment from each of the three troops of Life Guards, with thirty-four life guardsmen in the centre, each carrying one of the st idards ; a bat- a de- Life 11 the a bat- THE LIFE GUARDS. 115 talion of foot guards, with one hundred and 1705 twenty-eight pikemen in the centre, each carrying one of the colours. The procession moved through St. James's into the park, whei'e the Queen viewed them as they passed; forty guns were twice fired in the park during the time the procession was passing ; then, marching through the Horse Guards, they pro- ceeded to Westminster Hall, where the standards and colours were deposited. The British Forces with their allies, under the 1706 Duke of Marlborough, having gained a complete victory over the French, Spaniards, and Bava- rians, at Ramilies, in South Brabant, on Whit- sunday, the 23rd of May, 1706, the Queen, with her Life Guards, went in triumphant cavalcade to St. Paul's Cathedral, to return public thanks for the great success of her troops ; and Her Majesty, at the request of the citizens of London, com- manded the standards and colours taken from the enemy to be piU up in Guildhall, as trophies of that victory. They were accordingly conducted thither, on tiw 1 9th December, 1706, by the Life Guards, Horse Grenadier Guards, and a battalion of foot guards, in the same order as the standards and colours taken at the battle of Blenheim were conducted to Westminster Hall in the preceding year. A day of public thanksgiving was set apart in 1707 1707, for an event of equal importanct- to a victory in the field ; namely, the acts of parliament for the Union of Scotland with England having i2 H m t'""! 116 HISTORICAL RECORD OF hif&

- A 1714 sent to Hanover torcijaest His Highness would be pleased to hasten over to England. The decease of Her Ma'esty took place on the 1st of August, and King George I. wa proclaimed on the same day with the usual solemnities ; a number oi the nobility in their coaches, with the lord mayor and court of aldermen, assisting in the ceremony. His Majesty, King George I., arrived at Green- wich on the 17th of September, where he landed about seven o'clock in the evening, and was received by the Gold Sti^k in Waiting and the Lords of the Regency, at the head of a detachment of one hun- dred Life Guards and fifty Horse Grenadier Guards, furnished in equal proportions from each troop. On the 19th, the guard at the Horse Guards was furnished by the royal regiment of horse guards (blues), and the whole of the corps of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards marched to Greenwich, to attend the King in his grand public entry into London on the following day. About mid-day, on the 20th of September, His Majesty, accompanied by His Royal Highness the Prince and the Gold Stick in Waiting, with the Life and Horse Grenadier Guards, set out from Greenwich, and was met at St. Margaret's Hill, SouthwarW, by the lord mayor, aldermen, sheriflk, and officers of the city of London, in their robes, from whence the whole proc 'ded through the city to St. James's Palace in the loUowing order : — The Horse Grenadier Guards formed the advance-guard, and were followed by a detach- ment of the artillery company, in buff coats : the two city marshals, on horseback, with their men ^:W THE LIFE GUARDS. 121 f.4 on foot; two trumpeters on horseback; the she- 1714 riffs' officers, on foot, with javelins in their hands ; two trumpeters on horseback; the lord mayor's officers on foot ; two trumpeters on horseback ; the city banner, borne by the water-bailiff* on horseback; the city officers on horseback; the four attorneys ; the solicitor and the remembran- cer; the two secondaries; the comptroller; the common pleaders; the judges; the town clerk; the common serjeant and the chamberlain ; two trumpeters ; the King's banner borne by the com- mon hunt ; the common cryer and the city sword- bearer ; the sheriffs and aldermen, with their bea- dles, and two servants, '^ach in splendid liveries: the coaches of the nobility and great officers of state, with six horses each, in number about two hundred: the knight marshal's men; the King's trumpets and kettle-drums ; pursuivants of arms ; heralds of arms ; kings of arms ; Serjeants at arms ; the recorder; the lord mayor, bearing the city sword, and supported by garter king of arms, and the usher of the black rod ; His Majesty and the Prince in a coach ; the yeomen of the guard ; the King's footmen and equerries ; and a guard of honour of the Life Guards, which was followed by the remainder of the corps. The Southwark trained bands lined the way to the foot of London bridge, the City trained bands from the bridge to the Royal Exchange, and the several companies, with their ensigns, from thence to St. Paul's, where the children of Christ's Hospital stood. From St. Paul's to Temple Bar was guarded by the remain- der of the City trained l)ands ; and iVoni thence to .„.(. 1-22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF :'■ i 1714 the Strand by the steward, high bailiflF, burgep«es, constables, and beadles of Westminster, with the Westminster militia ; and the remainder of the route to St. James's Palace was lined by the foot guards. King George I. did not make any alteration in the duties performed by the guards. The troops of Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards occu- pied their usual post at the King's coronation, on the 20th of October ; and on the 29th they furnished the usual escort for His Majesty, when he pro- ceeded into the city, and attended the banquet at Guildhall, on the lord mayor's day. 1715 On the 20th of January, 1715, a squadron of Life Guards attended the King to St. Paul's Cathe- dral, to return public thanks for his peaceful acces- sion to the throne. The tranquillity of the kingdom was, however, soon afterwards disturbed by the ad- herents of the Stuart family. The dissensions occasioned in Scotland by the Union, which, by certain parties, was considered a national grievance, had not been wholly appeased. The catholics in the highlands were enemies to the protestant succession. Some of the nobility, and other persons in England, were also desirous of seeing the Pretender on the throne, and eventually they determined to take up arms in his cause. In September, 1715, the Earl of Mar assembled three hundred of his own vassals proclaimed the son of the late King James II. King of Great Britain, and set up his standard on Brae-Mar. In October, the Earl of Derwentwater took the field with a body of horse, and, being joined by some gen- the the foot THE LIFE GUARDS. 123 tlemen from the borders of Scotland, proclaimed 1715 the Pretender at Warkworth, Morpeth, and other places: then retmng northward, they were joined by two hundred Scottish horse under Viscount Kenmuir, and the Earls of Carnwarth and Win- town. The rebel forces gradually increased, and the Earl of Mar was soon at the head of ten thou- sand men. Measures were taken at court to suppress this rebellion : many loi-ds and commoners were ap- prehended, and troops were sent to the north. The Life Guards, however, did not leave the metropolis; but as their quarters in London were widely dis- tributed, they were encamped in Hyde Park, toge- ther with part of the foot guards ; and the anni- versary of the Prince of Wales's birth occurring while the troops were in camp, they celebrated it with extraordinary festivity*. While these rejoic- ings were taking place in Hyde Park, a division of the rebels, under General Foster, was on the march from Penrith to Preston, where they were surrounded and attacked by the King's troops, and eventually surrendered at discretion. On the same day that the rebels surrendered at Preston, a battle was fought near Dunblane, between the royal forces under the Duke of Argyle and the rebels under the Earl of Mar, in which about * 'The Life Guards had an ox roasted whole at the head of the ' first troop standard, and 500 lbs. of pudding, with two hogsheads * of wine, and two of ale. The Foot Guards had a guinea a company * to drink the Prince's health. Volleys of cannon and small arms * were flred in the camp. In the evening the soldiers were iissem- * hied within illuminated circles, and drank many Inyul healtlis with * repeated huzzas.' — St. James's Evening B)st, Nov. 4th, 1716. gf » L*^ ^ 124 HISTORICAL RECORD OF u-r 1715 500 men were killed of each party, and both the commanders claimed a victory. At length the Pre- tender himself arrived in Scotland, when he found his forces reduced to a small number, destitute of money, arms, ammunition, and provision ; and being closely pressed by the King's troops, he fled to the continent, with the leaders in the rebellion, and the common people dispersed. In December the camp in Hyde Park was broken up, and the Life Guards returned to their former quarters ; from whence they occasionally sent detachments to the north, in charge of specie for the payment of the army in Scotland. 1716 In 1716 His Majesty visited Hanover, when the Prince of Wales, who was left guardian of the kingdom, reviewed the brigade of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards in Hyde Park (21st November), and expressed his admiration of their appearance and discipline*. 1718 On the 17th November, 1718, a squadron of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards attended the heralds of arms, while proclaiming His Majesty's declaration of war against Spain. 1719 On the 27th February, 1719, the King re- viewed the Life Guards in Hyde Park, and shortly afterwards they received orders to be ready to march at a moment's notice, and every * • The Prince, seeing the good order the troops were in, conipii' ' mented the Commanding Otficers. and told them to this efifect : ' that he could now send his father word he had reviewed bis * Guards ; and, to his great pleasure and delight, he could assure ' him that he had seen one of the finest bodies of men, both in their * persons and appearance, as well as in their exercise, that the world * can produce.' — British Gazetteer, 24th November, 1710. THE LIFE GUARDS. 125 preparation was made for their taking the field. 1719 The king of Spain had fitted out a fleet and embarked troops, with intent to invade England in favour of the Pretender ; but the fleet was dis- persed and disabled by a storm, and the purpose of the expedition defeated. '- ' The expectation of foreign invasion having ceased, the Spitalfields weavers raised a com- motion ii\ the metropolis, which the civil power was found unable to quell, and the Life Guards were called out. A great importation of foreign silks, with the improvements introduced in the manufacture of printed calicoes, having thrown a number of silk weavers out of employ, about four thousand of them assembled in a riotous manner, and, dividing themselves into companies, they dis- persed, and proceeded from street to street, com- mitting great outrages, burning the foreign silks and the printed calicoes in the shops, stopping the women they met who had foreign silks or calicoes on, and cutting their clothes to pieces*. The lord mayor closed the city gates, and called the trained bands to arms ; and the Life Guards arriving speedily at the scene of confusion, after some re- sistance on the part of the weaversf, order was re stored. The weavers now meditated the destruc- tion of the calico printers' presses at Lucem in Surrey, and several hundreds left London for that purpose ; but they were overtaken and dispersed * * One of the weavers was killed by a butcher, with his cleaver, * in defence of his wife's calico gown.' — Weekly Journal. t ' One of the weavers, attempting to unhorse a Life Guardsnaan, • was killed.' — Original Weekly Journal. i\ i^ ' ; In . \ 't 15 '' 126 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1719 by the Life Guards. The disposition evinced by the weavers to resume these outrages caused the guards much extra duty for some time. 1720 In February, 1720, His Majesty issued a regula- tion*, fixing the amount of purchase money to be paid for regimental commissions in the army : the following were the regulated prices for the troops of Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards : — 1 ^1 Ji': ■ ^.;'.ii * ' I. Whatever Officer shall desire leave to sell shall be obliged ' to resij^n his Commission, at the rates and on the conditions here- after mentioned, to which end the seller is not to be admitted, in ' any manner whatsioever, in the recommendation of his successor. * II. That no OflBcer above the degree of Lieutenant be adrait- ' ted as a purchaser whereby he may obtain any higher rank, un- ' less he hath served as a Commissioned Officer upwards of ten years. ' III. That no Colonel shall sell but to such as have rank as Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel ; and no Lieutenant- Colon el but to such as have rank of Major ; no Major but to such as have rank of Captain ; no Captain but to such as have rank of Lieutenant ; and no Lieutenant but to a Cornet or Ensign. ' IV. That every Officer, having leave to purchase any higher Commission, shall be at liberty to dispose of his then present Commission, at the prices hereafter mentioned, and according to the preceding rules. * To avoid any doubt, it is declared, that Captains of Horse, Dra- goons, and Foot, as well as Lieutenants in the Foot Guards, may be admitted to purchase Companies in either of the three Regiments of Guards, and the Ensigns to purchase the posts of Lieutenants, subject to these regulations and the prices hereafter mentioned. ' Every Officer desiring leave to dispose of his Commission shall sign such his request, and that be is content to resign at the price fixed, and lodge the same at the War Office, that a successor may be appointed by His Majesty. ' His Majesty hath approved of the foregoing rules and follow- ing prices of Commissions : nevertheless subject to such altera- tions and variations as His Majesty, in his good pleasure, shall from time to time think fit. 'Whitehall, * 21th February, 1719 ' By His Majesty's Command, (Signed) * Gkorgjj Treby." THE LIFE GUARDS. 127 .^ ' 1720 LIFE GUARDS. Ptices of Cominissiuni. £. s. d. ,, Captain and Colonel Lieutenant and Lieutonant-Coloncl . . 4,000 . . . Cornet 3,400 Guidon 3,200 ' Exempt 1,600 , , Brigadier 1,000 " Sub-Brigadier 600 ' Chaplain .. Adjutant 500 ', Surgeon HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS. Captain and Colonel Lieutenant and Lieutenant-Colonel . . 3,600 Major 2,900 Lieutenant and Captain 2,000 Guidon and Captain 1,600 Sub-Lieutenant 900 Chaplain Adjutant 270 Surgeon The private men of the troops of Life Guards purchased their appointments, which they held by indenture. There does not appear to have been any fixed price ; but by the troop register, in which the amount each man paid is set against his name, tlie sum of £105. IS*. 6d. appears generally to have been paid. Earl Stanhope, principal secretary of state, hav- 1721 ing been taken suddenly ill, on the 4th February, 1721, while attending his duties in parliament, died on the following day, and His Majesty com- manded a squadron of Life Guards, a squadron of Horse Grenadier Guards, and two battalions of foot guards, to attend the removal of his corpse from Loudon to Chevening, for interment, which took place the 17th of the same month. m m n 128 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1722 The friends of the Stuart family were, notwitli- standing their previous disasters, still engaged in conspiring the overthrow of the existing govern- ment ; information of which having been received by the King, camps were again formed in various parts of the country, and the troops kept in constant readiness to act upon any emergency. The foot guards encamped in Hyde Park on the 10th of May, 1722. They were joined by the Life Guards on the following day, and, on the 15th, by twenty field-pieces from the Tower. The anniversary of His Majesty's birth -day was celebrated on the 28th May, when the superior officers strove to outvie each other in testifying their loyalty* : the artillery in the park fired three rounds, and the troops fired three feujc-de-joie. On the 9th of August the troops attended the funeral of that celebrated British commander, John Duke of Marlborough. The following account of the procession is taken from the Lon- don Gazette of 10th August, 1722. The procession was led by the Horse Grenadier Guards, followed by detachments from the first and third troops of Life Guards and two compa- nies of cannoniers and bombardiers : a detachment of the third foot guards; the first foot guards; five brigadier-generals, two major-generals, and two lieutenant-generals ; the commander-in-chief, master-general of the ordnance, and the colonel * ' There are to be extraordinary rejoicings in the park. The ' Earl ofCadogan gives three or four oxen, to be roasted whole, for ' the soldiers ; as does Lord Herbert and others to their troops and ' regiments.' — British Gazetteer. THE LIFE GUARDS. 129 of the first foot guards ; the adjutant- general 1722 and quarter-master-general ; the six aides-de-camp to the commander-in-chief; the grenadier com- pany of the first foot guards. All the officers were in military mourning ; the colours furled and wrapped in cypress ; the drums covered with hlack ; the trumpets covered with cypress, and having banners of the arms of the deceased. The military were followed by the porter of the he- rald's office and eight conductors, with black staves in their hands ; seventy -three Caelsea pen- sioners in black gowns ; trumpeters and kettle- drums; the first standard; a mourn^ ag-horse, covered with black, and having plumades before and behind ; forty men, in mourning-cloaks ; two trumpeters; Rouge Croix, pursuivant of a> i-s ; the guidon ; second mourning-horse ; forty iieii, in mourning-cloaks ; two trumpeters ; Rouge Dragon, pursuivant of arms ; the banner of Wood- stock ; third mourning-horse ; two trumpeters ; Blue Mantle, pursuivant of arms ; his grace's banner, as Prince of the empire ; fourth mourn- ing-horse ; forty men, in black cloaks ; the secre- tary and chaplains of the deceased ; two trum- peters in the King's livery ; Portcullis, pursuivant of arms ; banner of the order of the garter; fifth mourning-horse ; forty men in black cloaks; the chamberlain, steward, and comptroller to the de- ceased ; three trumpeters, in His Majesty's livery ; Chester, herald of arms ; the great banner of his grace's full arms ; the chief mourhing-horse co- vered with velvet. K ll 130 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1722 The spurs and gauntlets, carried by Somerset, herald of arms. The helmet and crest, carried by Lancaster, herald of arms. The targe and sword, carried by Windsor, herald of arms. His grace's surcoat of arms, carried by Nor- roy, king of arms. The body, in an open chariot, drawn by eight horses : upon the pall was laid a suit of armour, with a general's truncheon in the right hand, the great collar of the garter about the neck, and the garter on the leg ; on each side of the chariot were five captains. After the chariot a horse of state caparisoned in cloth of gold ; then Garter, king of arms ; followed by the chief mourner in a coach ; two earls in a coach ; eight dukes in four coaches ; two earls in a coach ; four earls in two coaches ; a horse of honour ; the King's coach ; the Prince of Wales's coach ; and after them a long train of coaches of the nobility ; and, lastly, detach- ments of the second and fourth troops of Life (luards. While service was perfonning in West- minster Abbey the troops proceeded to St. James's Park, and, u})on a signal that the body was depo- sited in the vault, tired three volleys, and then re- turned to the camp. The four troops of Life Guards and two troops of Horse Grenadier (iuards were reviewed by His Majesty on the 20th of August : on the 28th they furnished an escort for the King, on the first stage of his journey to Salisbury ; and the royal horse !l! THE LIFE GUARDS. 131 guards (blues) attended the King, the remainder of 1 722 the way : on the same day a detachment of Life Guards proceeded to Portsmouth to meet His Ma- jesty there, and escort him back to London. The Life Guards left the camp in the beginning of Octoljer, and one of the troops of Horse Grenadier Guards marched into quarters in Kent. Troops were again encamped in Hyde Park and 1723 other places in the sunmier of 1723. On the 3rd of August the Life Guards were reviewed in Hyde Park. The first troop of Horse Grenadier Guaixls was quartered at Maidstone, where it remained until April, 1724, and then returned to London ; 1724 when the second troop marched to Hertford and Ware. In the spring of 1725 the first troop of 1725 Horse Grenadier Guards marched tc Reading and Henley, and the second troop returned to London. Notwithstanding His Majesty s age, he con- tinued to take the diversion of liuntiug, on which occasions he was attended by a small escort of his Life Guards. Tlie King also frequently went out with his fowling-piece, and then detachments were stationed at all the avenues of the park ; the last instance on record occurred on the 18th of Au- gust, 1726, when the Life Guards were stationed 1726 at the avenues of Richmond Park, while His Ma- jesty took the diversion of shooting. On the 2nd of June, 1727, the King was escorted 1727 to Greenwich by the Life Guards, v/here he em- barked for Holland with intent to visit Hanover ; but he was taken ill on the ruad, and died at Osnaburg on the 11th June in the sixty-eighth year of bis age, and the thirteenth of his reign. K 2 M v'v 132 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ^:iri^ CHAPTER VI. . , Accession of Greorge II.— Duties of the Life Guards at the com mencement of this reign — Marriage of the Princess Royal — Marriage of the Prince of Wales -Reviews — Strength of the Royal Escorts— War on the Continent — Life Guards embark for Flanders — Campaign in 1743 — Battle of Dettingen — Cam- paign in 1744— Campaign in 1745 — Battle of Fontenoy— Re- bellion in • .'( tland — Life Guards return to England — The Third and Fourth Troops disbanded — Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle — Quarter-Masters and Corporals of Horse appointed — The Stand- ard of the Second Troop of Life Guards ordered to be Blue -- Death of King George II. — ^The Officers ordered to wear mourn- ing—Funeral of his late Majesty. 1727 A TROOP of Life Guards, a troop of Horse Grena- dier Guards, with the ministers of state and a number of the nobility, met the heralds of arms at Leicester House on the 15th of June, when Kint; George H. was proclaimed K li^ of Great Britain with the customary ceremony, i he troops of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were reviewed by the King on the 27th of July ; on the 1 Ith of Oc- tober they occupied their usual post at the coro- nation of their Majesties ; and on the lord mayor's day following, a detachment escorted the King and Quoen to Cheapside, where their Majesties saw the procession of the new chief magistrate pass, and afterwards proceeded to Guildhall, and honoured the citizens with their presence at the banquet. 1728 Their Majesties resided occasionally at St. James's Palace, also at Kensington, Hampton Court, Richmond, Windsor, and sometimes, for Sit. THE LIFE GUARDS. 133 short periods, at Newmarket; and were attended 1728 at these places by parties of Life and Horse Gre- nadier Guards, in numbers varying from two to three hundred men ; but the travelling escorts were usually furnished by the regiments of horse. On the first of June, 1728, an escort of Life Guards attended the King from Richmond to Datchet common, where His Majesty reviewed the Earl of Stair's regiment of dragoons. On the 10th of July the brigade of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards was reviewed by the King in Hyde Park, when the whole appeared in new clothing. The uniformity of the duties performed by the 1729 Life Guards at this period leaves little to record, unless a repetition of the same circumstances was continued. His Majesty frequently visited his German dominions, and during his absence the Queen was attended by the '^^ me number of guards as when the King was present. Her Majesty's escort consisted of one brigadier, one trumpeter, and twelve private gentlemen of the Life Guards, with one corporal and six privates of the Horse Grenadier Guards. On the 20th of May, 1730, the King reviewed 1730 the corps of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards in Hyde Park ; also on the 30th of June in the fol- 1731 lowing year, when a squadron of General Wade's regiment of horse furnished the guard at the Horse Guards during the review. In 1732 the strength of the escort which at- 1732 tended the Princes in their amusement of hunting was, for a short time, reduced to four private gentlemen. At this period it appears to have been 1 ■ it 'v tit 134 HISTORICAL RECOIlD OF 1733 a rule to bring into tl>e King's presence all men intended for the Ldfe Guarcis before they were received. On the Ist of August, 1733, several men were taken to Hampton Court and shown to the King, and His Majesty approved of them for the Life Guards. 1734 The narriage of the Princess Royal with his Highness the Prince of Orange took place at St. James's Palace on the 14th of March, 1734, when a detachment from each of the six troops of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards, on foot, in stockings and shoes, was stationed within the palace. On , the 29th of June the brigade was reviewed by His Majesty, who was pleased to express great satis- faction at the appearance and discipline of the whole. .'^u- i. i-n... is t-'-aiy • uv. J 735 Th« kingdom was at this period infested with robbers, assassins, and incendiaries ; robberies on the highway In open day were of common occur- rence, and the daring feats of Turpin and Rob Roy were a theme of general conversation . Eveiy member of the royal family, when travelling, or even taking a short ride, was invariably attended by an escort*, and the vicinity of the palaces was patrolled by the guards. So dariiig wei-e the highwaymen become, that on the 8th of June, 1 735, the Countess of Stafford was stopped and robbed, when returning in her carriage, attended by four footmen, from Her Majesty's drawing-room. * In the reign ofGeorKo HI-, when the state of society had become much improved, the junior mcmborii of the royal family ceased to have escurtii, uxcopt on ovcasiuns of stale. THE LIFE GUARDS. 135 Lady Stafford returned to court, and a party of 1735 life Guards was ordered to escort her ladyship home. On the 27th of April, 1736, a party of Life 1736 Guards escorted the Princess Augusta of Saxe Gotha into London, where she arrived about two o'clock, and was married on the same evening to the Prince of Wales. Detachments of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were stationed in the palace during the ceremony, as usual. The brigade was reviewed in Hyde Park by His 1737 Majesty on the 25th of June, 1737 ; and a£rain on the 24th of June, 1738; and also on the -.^rd of 1738 June, 1739 : on the last occasion their duties were 1739 taken by the King's own regiment of horse dur- ing the review. On the 23rd of October following two squadrons attended the heralds of arms while making proclamation of war against Spain. In June, 1740, the second and third troops of 1740 Life Guards, and first troop of Horse Grenadier - Guards, were encamped on Hounslow Heath. On the 17th of February, 1741, His Majesty 1741 established, by regulation, the strength of the .s^uards which were to attend the royal family when they proceeded abroad. The following !» a copy of the 'detail contained in the regulation, whii'h was con i?iunicated to the Life Guards on the 19th of February by the Earl of Effingham, Gold Stick in Waiting. j,. ;lf ; I^-i 136 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1741 II m STRENGTH OF ESCORTS. Life Guards. Oienadier Goaraa.! i 1 1 a en t i h 1- :3 a i 1 ■J.. 1 a' f For the King .... i 1 1 x:4 I i 12 For the Prince of Wales . 4 • 1 r a 8 1 • • t • 2 For the Princess of Wales . • • • • 7 • • • • 2 For the Duke .... .. • • . . 7 J ,- • • 2 For the Princes, when toge-1 ther or separate . . . ' 7 • • • • . . • • • • i. For Ihe Fanjily of the Princei t 1 1 » of Wales, when together or > • • • • 3 « ■ • • 2 L .v(;pa''V'*' .....•' Oo the death of Charles VI., Emperor of Germany, he was succeeded in his hereditary do- minions by his eldest daughter, tl»e Archduchess Maria Theresa, married to the Grand Duke of Tuscany ; when the King of Prussia, taking ad- vantage of the unprotected state of her territory, entered Silesia at the head of 20,000 men, and wrested from her certain fiefs to which his family laid claim. The Elector of Bavaria refused to acknowledge the Archduchess as Queen of Hun- garia and Bohemia, alleging his own pretensions to those countries, as tlie descendant of the Emperor Ferdinand I., in which claims he was sup|)orted by Louis XV., and 30,000 French troops marched to Germany to assist the elector. A Frencii army also assembled on the Rhine. The Queen made application to the K n'w' of Great Britain for IS.OO*^ men, as stipul;. >eA y treaty ; when His Majesty, resolving to .'.iSji)oi ^v' her cause. |i 1 *!i THE LIFE GUARDS. 137 ordered the subsidiary troops of Denmark and 1741 Hesse-Casel to be in readiness to march to her assistance, and sent her £300,000 granted by parliament. In 1742, the King, having determined to make 1742 a powerful diversion in favour of the Queen of Hungary, ordered an army of 16,000 men to embark for Flanders, under the Earl of Stair; and, having resolved to command these forces in person, he sent two troops of Life Guards and one of Horse Grenadier Guards with the expedition*. The brigade of Life and Horse Grenadier * This expedition consisted of the following corps: — The third and fourth troops of His Majesty's Life Guards and the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. The Royal Regiment of Horse Guards. The King's Horse, now the Ist or King's Dragoon Guards. Ligonier's Horse, now the 7th Dragoon Guards. Hawley's Dragoons Campbeirs „ Honeywood's „ Sir Robert Rich's Cadoean's „ Cope^ Three Battalions of Foot Guards. 1st Dragoons. 2nd 3rd Light Dragoons. 4th 6th Dragoons. 7th Hussars. Howard's Foot, now the 3rd Regiment of Foot Cornwallis's Duroure's Pulteney's Bligb'fl Campbell's Peers's Bragg's Handasyde's Huske's Johnson's Ponsonby's 11th 12th 13th 20th 2 Ist 23rd 28th 31st 32nd 33rd 37th In nil 10,334 effective men, under the command of Field-Mar- faliftl thw Earl of Stair, who had under him Lieutenant-Gcnerals Honey wooiJi, the Earl of Duumoreand(\impbell ; Major-Generals Howard, Cope, Lijironier, Hawloy, and the Earl of Albemarle, Bri>?iuliers Coinwallis, Bragg, Pulteney, Huske, Ponsonby, and Frampton, with the Earls of KtBngham and Rothes. m: Til" ft I n ^ :i f • III r • ■ mil 1S8 HISTOKICAL RECORD OF ill' tl ^r r 1 1 HLJI 1 ' i'. ■:.( 1742 Guards was reviewed by His Majesty in Hyde Park, on the 23rd of June. In the beginning of August the third and fourth troops of Life Guards, and the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, embariied for foreign service ; and, having landed at Ostend, marched from thence to Ghent. Soon after the arrival of the army in Flanders it was joined by 16,000 Hanoverians and Hes- sians in British pay; but the indecisive conduct of the States-General of Holland retarded active operations, and the British forces took up their winter-quarters in Flanders, and the Hanoverians and Hessians in Luxemburg and Liege. 1743 In the earl pvt of 1743 the army advanced in divisions for tii< Risii"?, leaving the Life Guards, Horse Grenaciicx ("lurds, Blues, the King's and Ligonier's horse at Brussels, where they remained unti' the beginning of May, when they commenced their march for (iermitny. The Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards were commanded by the Earl of Albemarle, (colonel of the third troop of Life Guards) and arrived in the beginning of June at the camp at Hochst on the Maine, from whence tliey proceeded across the rivej- and pitched their t<'nts at AschafFenberg, where His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, and after- waids his Britannic Majesty, joined the army, and were hailed with joy, T)j<' Life Guards mounted guard at the King's quarters, .jnd on the 16th of June they furnished a guard of honour to attend His Majesty during tln^ review of one wing of the army. The tents were htrurk, and on the follow- hij^ moi ing the whole iaov.e/J ui two coluuuis for -r' LITE ';jiA?^U%, 174-2 >,:-^^-'#^M%* i t4il fj ;is Si-.i' i ' • . Ml « " 1 ^ THE LIFE UARDS. 139 Hanau, a town of Hesse-Cassel, to form a junc- 1743 tion with twelve thousand Hanoverians and Hes- sians, who had arrived at that place. Proceeding along the narrow plain between the river and the mountains, the troops were exposed to the fire of several French batteries on the opposite side of the stream ; and, while on the march, information was received that the French army under Marshal Noailles had passed the Maine, and was in position between the river and the mountains, having its right at the village of Dettingen, a morass at its centre, and a wood on its left. The King com- manded the army to form in order of battle, and the Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards, under the Earl of Crawford (colonel of the fourth troop of Life Guards), took post on the bank of the river to cover the movement, and being ex- posed to a heavy cannonade, several men and horses were killed. Mr. Kc^iJall, a private gen- tleman of the third troop, observed in a letter published at the time : ' We were more exposed • than any of the horse and dragoons in the whole ' army. Mr. Bristow and his horse were shot at • my side ; I saw Mr. Robin, Mr. Miller, Mr. • Sharman, Mr. Emmett, Mr. Cope, and some • others fall ; and Colonel Driver had two horses • killed under him.' When the line wafc ibrnied, the Life Guards moved from the margin of the stream towards the centre of the position*; and * Our brigade was in the centre of the front, the hottest place of all, and accordint5ly we suiTered more than any one squadron in the field. We were exposed to the fire of the enemy's cannon almost five hours, and must inevitably have been all cut off if the m ' Hi] 140 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1743 they soon had an opportunity of signalizing them- selves under the eye of their sovereign. The Earl of Crawford, being Gold Stick in Waiting, had charge of His Majesty's person, and, when moving his brigade across the ground, he observed a French battery, partly masked, with the guns pointed direct upon the King, and so placed that the first fire must inevitably have produced the most fatal effects. The Earl of Crawford, with great presence of mind, advanced with his brigade against th« cavalry which supported the guns. The enemy sent a strong reinforcement of horse to this part of the field ; but his lordship con- tinued to advance, and, by several changes of position, succeeded in bringing the French cavalry in front of the muzzles of their cannon ; which was the object he had in view, and, having effected this, he halted his brigade, and requested His Majesty's further commands*. The King corn- ground had not favoured us. The French, imagining their cannon did great execution, were near three hours in the field before the first charge was given, which, indeed was a glorious one. Our Colonel is wounded: our Brigade-Major's leg is shot ofi"; and my Captain is terribly wounded by a fire-ball. Several of our men are killed, and a great many more wounded : we have also lost a good number of horses. My Lord Crawford led us on, and behaved like a true son of Mars ; for, when we were charged both in front and in fiank, he rode from right to left, crying • Never fear, my • boys, this is fine diversiop ' But, what was almost as bad for us as the battle, the enemy had scarce quitted the field when there fell as heavy a rain as ever I saw, and in half an hour we were all wet to the skin ; and, though it continued to rain all night, we were under arms all the time, and marched twenty-six miles in the rain next day. We are now with His Majesty at Hanau. — Letter front Mr. Robinson, fourth troop of Guards, dated Hanau, June 18, 1743. (O. S.) ♦ The next day, when His Majesty saw the Earl of Crawford approaching, he said, • Here comes my champion.' — Memoirs of John, Earl of Crawford, 1 769. lem- Earl had ving a THE LIFE GUARDS. 141 mended his lordship's judicious conduct, and ex- 1743 pressed his admiration of the gallant bearing of his Life Guards vvliile confronting an enemy of superior numbers. The French household troops, gay in splendid uniforms, bright in armour, headed by two princes of the royal blood and several noblemen, were impatient of inactivity, and advanced with all the ardour and audacity which confidence of success could inspire, to commence the action. The British horse advanced with a loud huzza to engage their celebrated antagonists, but were re- j)ulsed ; they, however, soon rallied again, and returned to the charge. The infantry of the allies .idvanced to sustain the cavalry, and their steady and well-directed fire produced considerable effect. The King was seen sometimes at the head of the cavalry, at other times leading forward the infantry ; and his presence and undaunted bearing stimulated his troops to deeds of heroism: the Duke of Cumberland also displayed great gallan- try and was wounded by the side of the King. In the third attack the allied cavalry drove back the French horse ; the royal dragoons captured the standard of the mousquetaires noirs, and the Scots Greys the white standard of the French household cavalry. While the stonn of battle still raged over the field, the Earls of Crawford and Albemarle led the Life Guards against a body of French infantry*, whose glittering bayonets * An aide-de-camp came to the Earl of Crawford with orders to charge the French infantry, which were within about forty or fifty paces in front of his brigade, when his Lordship, turning to his '•-sM' i :f ': 142 HISTORICAL RECORD OF if 1 1 1^' .n ^H^' |! *^H |l 1 '"' 'i>m^m \ '1 1 m I ,■/ I. * 1" 1743 and waving colours were dimly seen through t'e smoke ; the trumpets sounded " BritonSy strike * home ! ' the charging horsemen raised a loud shout, and, though assailed by an irregular volley of musketry, they rushed with terrific violence upon their opponents, who were instantly broken and overthrown. Plunging into the midst of their enemy's ranks, the Life Guards trampled and cut down the opposing mus!.:eteers, and spread terror and disorder on every side. Some of the French infantry, despairing to escape, cast themselves on the ground ; crowds fled in dismay towards the bridges over the river, others defended themselves with resolution, and the Life Guards were seen galloping onward, smiting their adversaries with their glittering swords, and performing deeds of valour worthy the high character of the corps. The whole line pressing forward, the enemy gave way in every direction, and fled ; and the confe- derate cavalry pursued their opponents through Dettingen and Welsheim to the woods. The Earl of Crawford, with his brigade of Life Guards, was foremost in the pursuit ; and, on one occasion, his lordshi[), observing the chace slackened, ascended an eminence, and waved his hat to the confede- roen, witli a great deal of vivacity, said, 'Come, my brave lads, • follow me I I warrant you wo shall soon defeat them.* After which ho led them on witli this caution : * Trust to your swords, • handlo thorn well, and never mind your pistols ;' which injunc- tion they punctually obeyed, and, like true Britons, drove the French before them with grmt slaughter. When the Life Guurds received orders to charge, the Truuineler of the Fomth Troon plaved 'Britons, strikp home,' for which the Earl of Crawfonl, with groit good humour, thanked him — Menmirs qf John Earl qf Crawford, i THK LIFE GUARDS. 143 rates to let them know they might safely follow the 1743 Life Guards. The enemy passed the river in such confusion that great numbers were drowned. A complete victory was gained : several stand- ards were taken from the enemy*, and their loss is stated to have been 5,000 men. The brigade of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards had Colonel the Earl of Albemarle, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Lamolouier, Major Jackson, Cap- tain Willes,and Lieutenant and Adjutant Eliottf, wounded ; also five men killed and a great number wounded. * List of French standirds taken at the battle of Dettingen: — 1. A white standard, finely embroidered with gold and silver; a thunderbolt in the middle, upon a blue and white ground ; motto, Sensere Gigantes. Both sides the same. 2. A red standard ; two hands with a sword, a laurel wreath, and imperial crown at the top ; motto, Incorrwpta Fides et avita Virtus, On the other side tlio Sun ; motto, Nee pluribus impar. 3. A yellow standard, embroidered with gold and silver ; the Sun in the middle. No motto. 4. A green ditto in the same way. 5. The most of anclher torn off, but appears to have been red. G. A white standard, embroidered with gold and silver; in the middle a bunch of nine arrows tied with a wreath, all stained with blood ; the lance broken, tlie Cornel killed without falling, being buckled behind to his horse, and his standard buckled to him : motto, AUerins Jovis altera Tela. This standard belonged to the Mousquetairos Noirs, ind was taken by a Ser- jeant of Lieutenant General Hawley's. of the right squadron of the whole line. — London Uazette. •I- The above named Lieutenant George Augustus Eliott is the same officer who was subsequently the celebrated General Eliott, and who so highly distinguished himsr-lf in the defence of Gibral- tur, for which ho was r lisod to the peerage, by the title of Lord Heatbfiold, Huron Heathflold of Gibraltar in 1787. General Eliott entered the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, lieutenant and adjutant (under his uncle Colonel Eliott), in which corps he rose to the rank of Captain, Major, and of Lieutenant-Colonel, and was uppuiated Aidedc camp to King George II. Brydgcs attributes it to the exemplary attention of Colonel Eliott that the two troops t, :!".■. '"'.«■ .8 t !«i .* mi f ' '■■■ «* .!■■ t au 144 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 743 The troops passed the night on the field of battle ; and on the following day continued their inarch to Hanau, where they were joined by the Hanoverians and Hessians : also by several regiments from England and a train of artillery. Prince Charles of Lorraine approached the Neckar with an army of forty thousand men, when Marshal Noailles retreated from OtLnbach during the night of the 12th of July (first setting fire to his magazines), and having crossed the Rhine, took up a position at Lauterburg. The allied army remained encamped on the plains of Hanau until the 4th of August, when His Majesty marched towards the Rhine, passed that river on the 27th, and on the 30th established his head-quarters at the episcopal palace of Worms in West Germany, on the left bank of the Rhine ; from whence he advanced in September to Spire, where he was joined by twenty thousand Dutch. The enemy having quitted his lines on the Queich, strong parties were sent to demolish th entrenchments, and on the 11th of October the whole army returned to Mentz, and soon after se- parated for winter quarters. His Britannic Ma- jesty returned to England ; but the Life an'(>(j[inieMt of li^ht horse, lonu known by the title of Eliotfs liKht horse — the pn-sent l.'tth iiussars. ■I: i THE LIFE GUARDS. 145 As England and France were not engaged as 1743 principals in this dispute, war between the two kingdoms was not declared until tlie 20th March, 1744, when it was first published at Paris; and, 174'! on the 31st of the same month, a detachment of the Life Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards at- tended the prochimation of war against France, in London, which was made by the heralds of arms with the usual solemnities. The allied forces assembled from their winter quarters in May, 1744, and took post behind the Scheldt. The King oi France marched into Flan- ders, with an army of one hundred and twenty thousand men, a battering train of one hundred and sixty guns, one hundred field-pieces, and one hundred mortars. The allied army was consider- ably weaker than the French, both in numbers and artillery, consequently the generals deemed it prudent to act upon the defensive ; and they had the mortification of being unable to prevent the enemy from obtaining jjossession of many fortified towns in the Austrian Netherlands. Prince Charles of Ijorraine having had great succes. in Alsace, Louis XV. withdrew part of his force from the Netherlands : the allies then advanced ; but the French general continued clo. v» in his entrench- ments behind the Lys. As the enemy kepi close in his entrenchments, it was not considered advis- able to attack him, and the army defiled by Tour- nay, f'nd took post on the Sth of August neur Lisle; where il .ontinued, making forages, and laying the eneujy's country under contribution until towunis .■■'■::■• I i. I f ■' !i i - .i4 ^ 146 HISTORICAL RECORD OF l''i i " kU"''! ^mM 1744 the end of September, when it retired unmolested to its old station on the Scheldt ; and soon after- wards went into winter quarters. 1745 In April, 1745, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland arrived at Brussels, and, after re- viewing the different regiments, assembled the army at Soignies. The French, having collected an im- mense force under Marshal Count de Saxe, and in- •1^ d Tournay, His Royal Highness resolved, though greatly inferior to the enemy in numbers, to endeavour to relieve the gfirrison, wliich consist- ed of 8,000 Dutch, commanded by Baron Dorth ; and advancing again the enemy drove back the French out-guards, on the 28th of April. (O. S.) On the following day the brigade of Life Guards, under the Earl of Crawford, with a strong division conmianded by Lieut. -General Campbell, and some Dutch troops, were sent forward to clear the woods and villages, and drive in the French troops that were posted in front of their army. Dispositions for attacking the enemy were made and at day- break on the morning of the 30th, the confederate forces advanced. The Life Guards, being in front, were at their post befoi3 five o'clock, but the main body was occupied several hours in passing the defiles and other obstacles through which the approach was made. The French army was nosted in a fortified camp, protected by innnense batteries, having the village of Fontcnoy in front, which they occupied with a considerable force. The confederates commenced the attack. Prince Waldeck, with the J)utcli W' 1 ... f^;.,- ' 1 1 THE LIFE GUARDS. 147 troops, advanced gainst Fontenoy. Brigadier- 1745 General Ingoldsby was sent with four battalions, to take a battery in the wood of Barri. The Duke of Cumberland led the British and Hanoverian in- fantry forward between Fontenoy and the wood, and, though exposed to a most destructive cannon- ade, overthrew the first line of the enemy, and put their second into confusion. The attack of the Dutch on Fontenoy failed, and Brigadier- General Ingoldsby did not take the battery, which enabled the enemy to pour so destructive a fire upon the troops which the Duke of Cumberland had led for- ward, and who were not supported by the brigades in their rear, that his Royal Highness was obliged to retire. A second attack was afterwards deter- mined upon. About mid-day the infantry, led by the Duke of Cumberland and Lieut.-General Li- gonier, advanced, and driving the enemy before tlieni with great slaughter, carried the trenches in gallant style ; but the Dutch were again defeated in their attack upon Fontenoy : tlie garrison of Tournay did not second the conlederates by a sally upon the enemy ; and no reinforcements sustained the battalions in advance, which had surfered se- verely, and were constantly expo.-!ed to the attack of fresh troops : they were, consecpitntly, unable io maintain their ground. iStveral sipiadrons of ca- valry were brouglit forward, and, advancing tliroiigli th«' hottest (ire, they cliargec^ tlie enemy with great giliantry, but vere oveipowered by superior iiuu»1mm's, and a ii treat was detcrjiiined upon. Tiie Earl ofC'rawfoni had rallied his bri- gade of Life (iuanls, when a body of Dut«'li dra- 1.2 ^IHIf ' ^- i 148 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1 745 goons, flying before the enemy, threw themselves upon his squadrons, and caused great confusion : his lordship, however, soon had the Life Guards formed again, and, being joined by two squadrons of the royal horse guards (blues), kept his r ■ -'^ck, and held the enemy in check until the 1 • t ' ' ^iO retiring troops had passed. The bij?- .o of Life Guards, with the remains of the battalions of Skelton and Cholmondeley, then covered the retreat, and brought up the rear of the right wing out of the plain, until they reached Vezont*; where they found Lieut. -General Ligonier rang- ing troops upon the rising ground vhich over- looks the village. Shortly after vards numbers of the enemy appeared comit)^- down through the woods : he tiien, after exchanging a few shots, withdrew from the village ; and the Duke's orderly cornet arrived with orders for him to dispose a rear-guard, so as to cover the retreat of the whole army under the cannon of Aeth, which was happily executedi". tt.« 1' fii * When the Earl of Crawford saw the troops retiring in broken parties lie faced about, and said to the Life Guards, ' Gentlemen, • mind the word of command, and you shall j^ain immortal honour.' Upon which he ordered Ins men to rein back their horses, and keep a front to the enemy, who, by the prudent dispositions of his Lord- ship, were intimidated from approaching within a quarter of u mile. After this, his Lordship condm-ted the rot .eat in excellent order, till his troops came to the pass, where he ordered them to file off from the rigljt; when he pulled oft" his hat and returned thorn thanks, say in^?, 'Tl.jy had acquired as much honour m 'covering? so jjreat a retreat as if they had gained the battle." — Crawford's Mfinoirs. t When severa' officers complimented General Ligonier the next day on this fine rtitreat, he answered, with gnint {^Mierosity and candour, 'That, if it was praiseworthy, no part of it belonged to •him; for it was contrived, as well as executed, by Lord Craw- ' \QtA:—Ihnt. THE LIFE GUARDS. 149 In this engagement the squadrons of Life and 1745 Horse Grenadier Guards had seven officers wound- ed ; namely, Lieutenant-Colonel Lamolonier, Major Brereton, Captains Helgrave, Eliott, and Barton, Cornet Burdett, and Adjutant Shacker ; also ten men killed and tliirty-six wounded. Their loss in troop-horses was seventeen killed, twenty-four wounded, and five missing. The army took post on the plains of Lessines, near Aeth, where it was joined by reinforcements from England. Subsequently, the Duke of Cum- berland took up a position near Brussels, to cover Dutch Brabant. Tournay surrendered^on the 2 1st of June. Although the allies secured Brabant, the Frencli had considerable success in Flanders. Meanwhile Charles Edward, son of the Pre- tender.having been encouraged by several Highland chiefs, had landed on the western coast of Scotland, where he was joined by a considerable number of the clans, and he resolved to make a desperate attempt to gain the throne. Information of his proceedings having reached London, a courier was despatched to Hanover to His Majesty, and several regiments were ordered home from the continent. The young Pretender commenced his career with activity : lie marched to Perth, where his father was proclaimed King, crospi:d the Forth near ■^Stirling, obtained possession of the city of Edinburgh, and defeated some of the King's forces at Preston Pans, when he obtained possession of a quantity of arms and a train of field aitillery. Having collected al>out 5,000 men, he entered (■ ; " n.. 150 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1745 England by the west border, gained possession of Carlisle, and continuing his route by Penrith, Pres- ton, Manchester, Macclesfield, and Congleton, entered the town of Derby, on the 4th of Decem- ber, 1745. At this time Field-Marshal Wade had a considerable body of troops under his com- mand in Yorkshire ; the Duke of Cumberland commanded an army near Lichfield ; orders were given to form a camp on Finchley common, where the King resolved to take the field in person ; and the squadrons of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were ordered to return to England. The young adventurer was disappointed : there was no flocking to his standard as he expected ; except a few that joined him at Manchester, not a man appeared in his behalf. He found himself, Avith a handful of men, hemmed in between two armies, in the middle of winter, in a country disaf- fected to his cause, and resolved to retreat back to Scotland with all expedition ; which he effected with the loss of a few men killed by the cavalry which the Duke of Cumberland and Field-Mar- shal Wade sent in pursuit of him. On reaching Scotland he was joined by some men, assembled during his absence ; he subsequently invested Stir- ling castle, and defeated a body of the King's forces under General Hawley near Falkirk, The Duke of Cumberland was appointed to command the royal army in Scotland ; and, upon his advance, the rebels crossed the Forth witii precipitation and re- tired towards Inverness : from whence they again advanced, and were attacked by the royal army on 11 THE LIFE GUAPT)S. 151 the 16tli of April, 1746, at Culloden and de- ^746 feated. The Pretender fled from the field, and, after wanderin^ about the isles and mountains, a wretched, solitary fugitive, for several months, he escaped to the continent. After tne suppression of this rebellion, His Majesty, in order to diminish the public expendi- ture, was induced to consent to the reduction of the corps of his Life Guards, from four troops to two, making a small augmentation to the number of private gentlemen of the remaining two troops, and uii the 25th of December, the establishment ". ts accordingly decreased. The officers of the two junior troops received annuities in addition to the regulated half-pay, and were placed as officers ^n seconde to the other troops. Many of the pri- vate gentlemen were embodied into the first and second troops, 'i'he men of long services retired upon pensions. Tiie remainder received annual allowances until they were provided for in the ser- vice ; and to a great number His Majesty gave com- missions in regiments of the line*. No alteration * Commissions were given to the .oUowing private gentlemen, viz. — Third Troop: — John Perry, Second Lieutenant to Herbert's. Richard Waggeld, Second Lleutenani; to Frazer's. Roderick French, Ensign n Warhurton's. William Shrubsole, Quarter-Mast :r lo Oglethorp's. Jolm Scold, Second Lieutenant in Cochran's. Joseph Winder John Porter „ William North „ James Kilpatrick, Edward Tacob „ John Codlintr „ Augustus Allen „ ' " .ncombe's. Frazer's. Cochran's. Muir's j Fletcher's I Independent Biiiitow's jCoiniianies. Bruu's ' James '.;"«,a;. iiii 152 HISTORICAL RECORD OF ft ''■', i^i M Hi I '■ I I I 1746 was made in the establishment of the two troops of Horse Grenadier Guards. Three regiments of horse were at the same time reduced to the pay and establishment of dragoons ; and received the title of dragoon guards. By these reductions the sum of seventy thousand pounds per annum was saved to the nation, and the house of commons presented an address of thanks to His Majesty*. James Frith, Second Lieutenant in Cornwallis's. Lewis Pavey, Lieutenant to Governor Clinton's Company at New York. Francis Fitzsinions, Ensign in Peperell's. Robert Dorrell, Adjutant in Barrell's. James Barker, Ensign in Fowkes's. Fourth Troop : — Robert Soulby, Ensign in Dalzell's. Tliomas Armstrong, „ Frampton's. Alexander Hay, „ Phillip's. John Russell, Second Lieutenant in Holmes's. John Nevinson, „ „ Morapesson's) Independent Purden Legge, „ „ Palmers luoinpanies. l?iehard Thompson „ „ Torrington's. (1 jorge Gahan, Ensign in Shirley's. Tnomas Hitchins, Ensign in an Independent Company, South Carolina. '* The following are extracts from the Journals of the House of Commons : — ' Lunes 8° die Decembris, ' Anno 20" Georgii 2''' Regis, 1746. Resolved, nemine contradicente, — ' That an humble Address be presented to His Majesty, to re- ' turn His Majesty the grateful thanks of this House for the gene- ' rous and fresh instance he has given of his attention to the ease • and welfare of his people, by lessening the expense of the army in ' a manner so essential to the public ; and to assure His Majesty ' that, as this great public benefit must be attended with some ' unavoidable hardships to particular persons, we will enable His ' Majesty to make such provision for them, and in such manner as ' His Majesty shall think proper, until they can be otherwise pro- ' vided for in His Mai.sty's service. ' Ordered, ' Thaf the said Address be presented to His Majesty by such • Memberii of this House as are of His Majesty's most Honourable • Privv Council.' ' His THE LIFE GUARDS. 153 The reduction of the strength of His Majesty's 1747 guards of horse was not followed by any altera- tion in their duties. A detachment from the corps attended on the 9th of January, 1747, at the exe- cution of Lord Lovat, for high treason, on Tower- hill, when a scaffolding, with about five hundred spectators, fell, and about tui nty persons were killed, and a great number ul tlieir arms and legs broken. Colonel Carpen e Life Guards, ordered his men to disnioi st the people in extricating themselves, li some lives were saved. In January, 1748, li.e Life Guards 174H were reviewed in Hyde Park. On the 1st of February, 1749, the King, by word 1749 of mouth, directed the Gold Stick in Waiting to send a troop of Life, and a troop of Horse Grena- dier Guards, to attend the heralds of arms while proclaiming peace on the following day. This event (the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle) was followed by great public rejoicings ; and on the 27th of April most splendid fireworks were exhibited fi'om a temple erected for the occasion in the Green Park. Their Majesties, with a great number of the nobility, were present to witness the exhibition, and all the Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were on duty. The old building at Whitehall, where the Life ^ His Majesty was pleased to give this most gracious Answer on 'the \Qth December, 1746. ' His Majesty is very glad that the regulation he has made in ' his troops is so aifreeable to his faithful Commons ; and assures ' them that it will always be his desire to lessen the burthen of the 'public expenses, as far as is consistent with the safety of his ' people.' ^ ^\^ '«^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % A // ^>. '^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 us lU u 2.0 ■uuu Photographic ^Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN ITMIT WIUTII.N.V MSM (7U)S73-4S03 154 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1750 and Horse Grenadier Guards mounted guard, having been pulled dovvn, the present stately edi- fice, called the Horse Guards, was erected. His Majesty made his first entry into the park by the grand archway on the 4th November, 1750, at- tended by his usual escort, and a squadron of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards was formed up in the court-yard to salute the King on passing. 1751 On the death of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales (20th March, 1751), his eldest son (then thirteen years of age) was created Prince of Wales by letters patent, and a Gold Stick order was issued for the same number of guards to attend the young Prince as formerly attended his father ; namely, a subaltern, with eight Life Guards and two grenadiers. 1753 On the 30th of May, 1753, the brigade was re- viewed in Hyde Park ; and on the I3th of June detachments attended the royal family at a review of the horse artillery. 1756 Hitherto there had been no warrant nor non- commissioned officers in the troops of Life Guards ; the superintendence of minor details of duty having been intrusted to select private gentlemen, who were denominated right-hand men. On the 25th of December, 1756, His Majesty appointed the four senior right-hand men of each troop war- rant officers with the title of quarter-masters, and the four junior right-hand men corporals of horse. The troops of Horse Grenadier Guards had, on their first establishment, the same non-connnis- sioned officers as regk:!ients of dragoons and in- fantry, namely, serjeauts and corporals ; and their n THE LIFE GUARDS. 155 Serjeants were allowed to take rank with the 1756 corporals of horse ; the Horse Grenadier Guards and dragoons were considered foot-soldiers on horseback. The Horse Grenadiers always formed the advance-guard to all escorts, guards^ and de- tachments of the Life Guards. In 1758 His Majesty commanded the standard 1758 of the second troop of life Guards to be made of blue embroidered satin, instead of crimson : the first troop to be of crimson as before. On the 20th of October, 1760, a guard of honour 1760 attended the King at the review of Burgoyne's (now sixteenth) light dragoons. Five days after- wards His Majesty expired suddenly at Kensington Palace, when a Gold Stick order was immediately issued for the officers of the Life and Horse Gre- nadier Guards to provide themselves with a suit of scarlet cloth : the coat to be lupelled and turned up with black, trimmed with black buttons, and to have the button-holes worked with black ; the hat to be plain, with crape round the crown ; the sword- belt to be trimmed with black ; and the sash to be covered with black crape. The standards were also ordered to be covered with black crape ; and the trumpet and kettle-drum banners to be of black cloth. The late King's funeral was solem- nized on the 1 Ith of November, when eleven offi- cers, three quarter-masters, six trumpeters, and one hundred and sixty-eight private gentlemen of the Life Guards, with six officers, four drum- mers, and one hundred and thirty-two rank and tile of the Horse Grenadier Guards, attended the ceremonial. y 156 HISTORICAL RECORD OF Hi- ..f ;,: CHAPTER Vli - Accession of Greorge III. — Light Dragoons t&.j the King's tra- velling escort-duty — Installation of Knights of the Bath — Queen Charlotte arrives in England — Coronation — Their Ma- jesties visit the City — Proclamation of War — Installation of Knights of the Garter — Peace proclaimed — Sundry Duties, Re- views, &c., of the Life Guards — Riots in London in 1780 — Re- views. &c. — The Troops of Life Guards formed into Regiments — Reviews, &c. — Standards taken at Martinico lod^^ed in St. Paul's Cathedral — Naval Victory— Marriage of the Prince of Wales — Pay of the Army increased — Contribution in aid of the War — Reviews — Alterations in the establishment — Camp on Hounslow Heath — Riots in London— His Majesty's Indisposi- tion—the Prince of Wales appointed Regent — Alterations in the Uniform. 1760 The accession of His Majesty Xing George HI., which was proclahned on tlie 26th October, 1760, by the heralds of arms, attended by a squadron of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards, as usual, gave great jc the nation, a long period having elapsed sincv. e country had been governed by a sovereign born and educated in England. At the comniencenient of his reign the King fixed, by regulation, the strength of the escorts wliich were to attend the royal fauiily*, also dispensed * For the Princess Dowager of Wales, one Subaltern, eight Life Guards, and two Grenadiers. Duke of York, seven Life Guards, and two Grenadiers. Duke of Cuml)erland, seven Life Guards and two Grenadiers. Princess Augusta and the Family of the Princess Dowager of Wales, seven LiTe Guards and two Grenadiers. The Princess Amelia, seven Life Guards and two Grenadiers, Gold Stick Order, 31*/ October, 1760. THE LIFE GUARDS. 151 with the services of the Life Guards and heavy 1760 horse in travelling escorts for himself, and ordered that duty to be taken by the liglit dragoons*. On the 26th of May, 1761, a guard of honour 1761 of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards attended His Majesty to Westminster Abbey on the occasion of an installation of the Knights of the Bath. On the 8th of September a guard proceeded to Rom- ford to meet the Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz (whose hand the King had demanded in marriage) , and attend her into Lon- don, where she arrived about three in the after- noon, and was married on the same evening : — a guard of one hundred men, on foot, was stationed within the palace during the ceremony. The coronation of their Majesties took place on the 22nd of September, when the whole brigade was on duty, furnishing royal escorts, with an escort of one non-commissioned officer and twelve gentle- men for the King's champion, and other duties connected with the ceremonial. The first troop of Life Guards, with its standards, trumpets, and kettle-drums, and the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, attended their Majesties on the 9th of November, to the city, where they viewed the lord-mayor's cavalcade from the bal- cony of a house opposite Bow Church, and at'ter- warcls attended the banquet in Guildhall. The M. * In an order froin the Gold Stick, dated 14th November, 1760, the liKht troop of the Earl of Albemarle's regiment of dragoons, and the lijrht troop of Sir Koliert Rich's dragoons, are directed to take this duty by turns ; and two orderliu6 iiru ordered to attend at the Horse Guards. ii\ 158 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1761 Other two troops furnished escorts for other mem- bers of the royal family on this occasion. 1762 The second troop of Life Guards^ with its stand- ard, trumpets, and kettle-drums, and the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, with its standard, attended the proclamation of war against Spain on the 4th of January, 1762. In September a squa- dron attended an installation of the Knights of the Garter at Windsor Castle; and on the 22nd of 1763 March following two troops attended the proclama- tion of peace between England,.Fiance,and Spain. The brigade was reviewed in Hyde Park by His Majesty on the 4th of July, and Eliott's light dragoons took the King's duty during the review. This year the light dragoons first occupied the stabling at Kensington, which had previously been a station for a party of Horse Grenadier Guards. King George IH. was much attached to the 1764 anny; great improvements were introduced into the system of military tactics in his reign, and His Majesty spent much time every summer in re- viewing the different corps* : on ^vhich occasions he was attended by a squadron of Lifd and Horse Grenadier Guards as a guard of honour. The Queen frequently was present at these reviews, and a separate guard was furnished for Her Majesty. * The reviews which took place this summer were— on the 30th of April, Major-General Howard's and Sir John Mordaunt's regiments of dragoons ; 7th May, Major-General Jeffrey's regi- ment of foot; !4th May, Sir Charles Howard's regiment of dra- goons ; 28th of May, the 32nd regiment of foot ; 8th June, royal hortte guards; 18th June, the 16th regiment of dragoons. The number of 2crps reviewed was greater in the subsequent years, as appears by the orders for guards of honour in the Life Guards' Order Book. THE LIFE GUARDS. 159 After the review of the Life Guards on the 25th 1764 of June, 1764, the King conmianded them to he remounted with long-tailed horses.* During the review which took place on the 26th of June, 1765, the King's duty was performed by the 1765 royal regiment of horse guards. In November, 1765, a small detachment of Life Guards attended the funeral of His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland; and in January following a party attended the funeral of 1766 Prince Frederick William. His Majesty, by warrant, dated 10th February, 1766, established a new scale of prices to be paid for regimental commissions. The commissions in the Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were, by this regulation, augmented to the following prices : — £. 5,500 5,100 4,300 4,100 2,700 1,500 LIFE GUARDS. First Lieutenant and Lieut.-Colonel Second Ditto .... Cornet and Major Guidon and Major Exempt and Captain . Brigadier and Lieut.- Adjutant and I Lieutenant . . . . j Sub- Brigadier and Cornet . HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS. Lieutenant-Colonel . . . 5,400 Major ..... 4,200 Lieutenant and Captain . . 3,100 (luidon and Captain . . . 3,000 Sub-Lieutenant . . 1,700 Adjutant .... 1,400 J. d. 1,200 * The fashion of a short dock was introduced a few years after the revolution of 1688 ; but did not become general in the army until about ihe year 1708, or 1709. 1 C 160 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1767 The Life and Horse Grenadier Guards were re- viewed by His Majesty on the 29th of June, 1767 ; and on the 2nd of November furnished a guard to Greenwich, to receive the body of the late Duke of York, who died while on a tour on the conti- nent : a party attended the funeral on the following day. .' .-, >■>■ .•: •jr.^^:.". 1768 In the year 1768 much extra duty was per- formed by the guards, in consequence of the numerous calls of the civil power for detachments to assist in dispersing riotous assemblages of the populace. Numerous publications were issuing from the press of a character calculated to inflame the passions of the people. Early in January disturbances began in Spitalfields among the wea- vers : their example was afterwards followed by almost every description of workmen in the metro- polis, and loss of life frequently resulted from disputes among themselves. When John Wilkes was sent to prison on a charge of libel, the violence of the populace was so great, that the civil autho- rities were obliged, as the only means of preserving the King's Bench prison from destruction, to order the military to fire, and many of the rioters were killed. The conduct of the Life and Horse Gre- nadier Guards, on these occasions, procured for them the thanks of the sovereign. The annual review of the brigade took place on the 20th of June. 1769 The riotous assemblages of the populace were 1770 partially continued in the years 1769 and 1770, and detachments of guards were frequently called out on these occasions. THE LIFE GUARDS. 161 In July, 1771, a party, consisting of a captain, 1771 subaltern, quarter-master, corporal, trumpeter, and twenty-three private gentlemen of the Life Guards, with a Serjeant, corporal, and fourteen rank and file of the Horse Grenadier Guards, under the com- mand of Colonel Egerton, Silver Stick in Waiting, proceeded to Windsor. This party met their Ma- jesties at Datchet bridge on the 24th of July, and escorted them to Windsor Castle, and was on duty on the following day at the installation of the Knights of the Garter. On the 14th of February, 1772, a party attended 1772 the funeral of the Princess Dowager of Wales. On the 18th of May His Majesty reviewed the brigade on Wimbledon common. In June of the 1773 following year, a squadron attended His Majesty at Portsmouth, while reviewing the shipping, fortifications, and garrison. In 1775, a sub-lieutenant was added to each 1775 troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; the drummers and hautboys were taken off the establishment, and four trumpeters added to each troop in their stead. On the 3rd of June, . T6, His Majesty reviewed 1776 the brigade on Blackheatli ; and again on the 6th of JMay following, and expressed his approbation 1777 of its appearance and movements. On the 10th of May, 1778, the King again 1778 reviewed the Life Guards on the same ground, and afterwards proceeded to Woolwich to view tlie shipping and stores in the dock. Tiie vast metropolis of the British empire has 1780 lVe(juently been convulsed by internal commotion, M f .^' i I m > r \v'\^' 162 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1780 but on no occasion, within the period embraced by these records, have such fatal results followed as in 1 780. The civil power was found to be of no avail at the first outset ; the guards were not sufficiently numerous to reduce the multitude to obedience; and it was not until about twenty additional regiments had arrived, that order was restored. These riots were occasioned by the removal by act of parliament of certain restrictions from His Majesty's Roman catholic subjects ; and the people were, by the speeches and writings of designing men, induced to believe some great national calamity would result from this indul- gence. The populace assembled in great numbers near the house of lords, and insulted many mem- bers of parliament. Their next act was setting fire to a Roman catholic chapel in Lincolns-inn fields, which was the commencement of the work of destruction. The Life Guards were called out ; but while they were proceeding in one di- rection, havock was going on in another ; and such a scene of uproar, confusion, and destruction fol- lowed as cannot be described. The houses, chapels, and schools of the Roman catholics were soon in flames. Many of the rioters were apprehended and sent to prison ; but they were afterwards res- cued, and the prisons set on fire. The King's Bench prison, the fleet prison, the new bridewell, St. George's fields, and the new gaol, were in flames at the same time ; and, on the nights of the 5th and 6th of June, London presented a dreadful scene of conflagration and bloodshed. The military were obliged to act with promptitude and decision, \ THE LIFE GUARDS. 163 and great numbers of the mob were killed ; and 1780 many others, having broken into cellars and become intoxicated, when the houses were fired, perished in the flames. In these riots seventy-two private houses and four public gaoJs were destroyed ; two hundred and ten men were shot by the military, and about one hundred died of their wounds in the hospitals. ;; ,f 1781 The brigade of Life and Horse Grenadier Guards was reviewed by Hie Majesty on Blackheath, on the 21st of May, 1781 ; and again in Hyde park, 1785 on the 9th of May, 1785. On the 12th of Novem- 1786 her, 1786, a small party attended the funeral of Princess Amelia (second daughter of George II.) 1788 In 1788, a complete alteration was made in the establishment of the corps of Life Guards.* On the 25th of June the two troops of Horse Grenadier Guards and the two troops of Life Guards were em- bodied, and formed into regiments of Life Guards. The following is a copy of His Majesty's warrant for their formation : — . - ;,. George K. ' Whereas we have thought fit to order • our first troop of Horse Guards, commanded by • our right trusty and entirely beloved cousin, ' Lieut.-General William Marquis of Lothian, and ' our second troop of Horse Guards, commanded by ' our right trusty and well-beloved counsellor • General Jeffrey Lord Amherst, to be completely * At the same time the remaining regiments of horse were re- duced to the pay and establi^ment of dragoons, receiving the title of dragoon guards, except the eldest regiment, viz. the royal horse guards. M 2 y 164 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1788* formed into regiments of Life Guards, and their • establishment and pay as such to coiimience the * 25th June, 1788; and whereas it has become necessary, by the said troops being formed into regiments of Life Guards, that their former titles as troops of Horse Guards should be altered, and their future rank ascertained : — * Our Royal Will and Pleasure is, that our first troop of Horse Guards, now under the command of Lieut.-General the Marquis of Lo- thian, shall bear the title of our first regiment of Life Guards, and our second troop of Horse Guards now under the command of General Lord Amherst, the title of our second regiment of Life Guards, and shall have the same precedence, re- spectively, in our service, which they now hold as troops of Horse Guards. Whereof the colonels for the time being, of our said regiments of Life Guards, and all others whom it may or shall con- ' cern, are to take notice and govern themselves ' accordingly. ♦ Given at our Court of St. James's, this 8th day of June, * 1788, in the twenty-eighth year of our reign. ' By His Majesty's Command, ' Geo. Yonge.' The whole of the officers of the troops of Life Guards continued to hold the same rank in tlie regiments which they held in the troops, without any material alteration, namely, — Rank informer Troops. Rank in the Regiments. Captain and Colonel . . Colonel. I8t Lieut, and Lieut-Colonel, Lieut.- Colonel. THE LIFE GUARDS. 165 Rank informer Troops. 2d Lieut, and Lieut.- Colonel Cornet and Major . Guidon and Major . . . Exempts and Captains . Brigadiers and Lieutenants Sub-Brigadiers and Cornets Adjutant and Lieutenant . Rank in the Regiments. Supernumerary Lieut.-Colonel. Major. Supernumerary Major. Captains. Lieutenants. Cornets. Adjutant and Lieutenant. 1788 The quarter-masters and trumpeters, who were warrant-officers, were also continued without al- teration. ^- - ■ :■ '-''J •".;■' Each regiment was divided into four troops, of fifty men each. The colonels continued to take the court duty of Gold Stick*, with the privilege of reporting direct to, and receiving commands immediately from, the sovereign, on subjects con- nected with the regiments. The management of the clothing, recruiting, and remounting of the regiments, with the application of the funds borne on the establishment, continued to form part of the responsibility of the colonel to the sovereign. The field officers of the regiments also continued their duty at court of Silver Stick in Waiting, in the performance of which the supernumerary lieu- tenant-colonels and majors took their turn. All the horses of the troops of Horse Grenadier Guards, with such of the men as were found eli- gible, were transferred to the regiments of Life Guards. The recruiting of men was ordered to be by enlistment and attestation, instead of the * rhe Gold Stick in Waiting is considered responuible for the safety of the royal pc^on : his duty is to see that a sutlicient guard is in p/.tendance, and to be always near the sovereign, especially on occasions of state. The Silv'Vr Stick is assistant to the Gold Stick. I'^m . ii % 1?.= i m 166 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1788 former practice of purchasing the appointment and holding it by indenture ; and the corporals of horse and private gentlemen, not having to pur- chase their appointments, nor to provide their own horses or forage, were placed on a lower rate of pay : namely, corporals 2s., and privates 1*. Qd., per day. As the greater part of the private gentlemen of the former troops did not continue to serve in the new regiments of Life Guards, the King's duty was taken by the royal regiment of horse guards until the new men were disciplined ; and 1789 on the 4th of June, 1789, this duty was resumed by the Life Guards. 1790 In 1790 His Majesty gave the lieutenant-colo- nels the rank of colonel, and the majors that of lieutenant-colonel ; to be continued hereafter on the condition that the lieutenant-colonel shall have held the rank of major, and the major that of captain, in the Life Guards, seven years pre- vious to their appointment. His Majesty also gave the cornets the rank of sub-lieutenant. 1792 In the summer of 1792 detachments from both regiments of Life Guards marched into quarters near Bagshot, where a number of troops were encamped, and all the movements and operations of a campaign were gone through. The different corps were divided into two armies, under sepa- rate commanders, acting as opponents in ihe field, manoeuvring, fighting mock battles, &c. His Ma- jesty frequently \vitnes8ed the performances of tin; contending armies, and the Life Guards furnished the required escorts. On the 7th of August tlie 1 ( I u i*1\ ,^«» J,. ■h ,l;| •t! I'iP i H ]■•' i f|' 1 1* I'i !. LIFt -OUARD5 1788 *•; W'i' hr I H', M ii ill] THB LIFE GUARDS. 167 King, accompanied by the royal family, reviewed 1792 the troops, and saw them perform a number of movements. The Life Guards returned to Lon- don on the following day, and sliortly afterwards the camp was broken up. In February, 1793, His Majesty added a fifth 1793 troop to each regiment of Life Guards, thereby increasing the total establishment to twenty-one commissioned officers, eleven warrant officers, and two hundred and sixty non-commissioned officers and privates, in each regiment. Although His Majesty was engaged in a war 1794 with France, and several expeditions were fitted out, the important services required of the Life Guards in the metropolis, and near the royal person, prevented their being employed on ser- vice abroad ; yet their duties, as usual, were con- nected with the victories gained by His Majesty's armies. An armament, under Sir John Jervis, with a military force headed by Lieut.-General Sir Cliarles Grey, having reduced the island of Martinico, in the West Indies, and taken several French colours, His Majesty commanded these trophies to be deposited in St. Paul's Cathedral ; and they were accordingly conducted there on the 17th of May, 1794, in the following order : — forty rank and file of the Life Guards ; the band of the first regiment of foot guards ; twenty-nine Serjeants carrying the colours ; four grenadier companies of the foot guards ; one hundred rank and file of the Life Guards. An armament, under Admiral Earl Howe, having gained a signal victory on the 1st of June over the '■''■"ifii'f 168 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1794 French fleet, and brought six of their men-of-war to Portsnnouth, the King, with two squadrons of Life Guards, proceeded to that port, where he arrived about the end of that month ; and, having reviewed the shipping, inspected the prizes, and bestowed distinguished marks of his royal favour and approbation on Earl Howe and several other commanders, His Majesty returned to London. 1795 Detachments from both regiments of Life Guards, with their respective bands, attended at the palace of St. James's on tlie evening of the 8th of April, 1795, when the marriage of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales with the Princess Caroline of Brunswick was solemnized. In December, 1796, His Majesty appointed a veterinary surgeon to the two regiments of Life Guards. On the 17th of May, 1797, detachments from both regiments, with their bands of nmsic, at- tended at St. James's Palace, on the occasion of the marriage of the Princess Royal with the Duke of Wirtemberg ; and a party of sixty rank and file was posted on foot >> ithin the palace, as usual. This year His Majesty increased the pay of the army ; that of the corporals of the Life Guards was augmented to 2*. 6J halted two day ?^iid then went into quarters in the neighV. 'irnij .ilages. i'he march was re- newed in the beginning of May ; and on their arrival at Sabugal they were, to facilitate the pro- curing of forage, again distributed into village cantonments. On the llth of May the brigadt^ was reviewed near Nave, by the commander <»f the ; ''I THE LIFE GUARDS. 177 forces, and on the 20tli resumed its nmrch ; 1813 irossed the iVgueda, near Ciudad Rodrigo, on the 22nd; ;ind joined a division of the allies in camp near San Manoz on the following day. The army had coninienced operations. The passage of the Douro was effected within the Por- tuguese frontier, by five divisions and a large 1km; v of cavalry, under Lieut. -General Sir ThoniaN Graham, who proceeded thivugh the provinc*** of Tras-os-Montes, and, traversing a region deen,.'«l nearly impracticable, gained the banks of thr Ksl . The Marquis of Wellington, with the lig it div sion, a Spanish corps, and some cavalry, moved forward by the direct route on Salamanca ; au:?;': In the mean time the left colunm of the allies, commanded by Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Gra- ham, attacked the enemy's right, drove them from the heights commanding the village of Abechuco, and tucu advanced against the village of Gamarra Major, which was carried in gallant style, the enemy being dislodged at the point of the bayonet with great slaughter, and the loss of three guns. Two powerful attempts to regain the village were repulsed ; but the bridges across the Zadora being commanded by the heights on the left, and these being occupied by a strong reserve, the left column of the allied army could not advance until the re- serve troops were withdrawn from the heights. The brigade of Life and Horse Guards advanced against the enemy by the road through the valley in the centre of the position. In one instance, the nature of the ground favouring an attempt to turn the flank of a French corps posted in the centre of the valley, the brigade defiled along the side of a mountain on the left ; but the enemy re- tired from this post after firing a few cannon- shots, one of which killed a troop-horse of the second regiment of Life Guards. The brigade then made a quick detour to the left, round the base of an eminence, to gain the rear of a column posted on some rising ground in front of the Za- dora ; but this column retired precipitately from its ground to a station beyond the point at which the brigade re-entered the valley. The centre division of the allies drove the enemy ; ; i'J 'P< 11 It; 11 182 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1813 from the valley, and, continuing to press forward, penetrated his position beyond the walls of Vit- toria, when the right wing of the French army retired hastily from its ground. Sir Thomas Graham immediately crossed the Zadora, and took possession of the Bayonne road. The enemy's baggage, heavy artillery, military chests, and equi- pages, with several columns of the army, having been put in motion by that road, were inter- cepted, and forced back into the Pampeluna road ; great disorder followed ; and the troops, becoming mixed with the baggage, were reduced to a con- fused, disorganized mass, incapable of military operations. The face of the ground along which the Life Guards advanced was so rugged that their opera- tions were for some time limited to supporting the columns of attack. After penetrating the enemy's position to the walls ot Vittoria, part of the first regiment of Life Guards took possession of the town, while the remainder of the brigade formed line to the right, and advanced against a corps of French infantry, which had taken up a position to cover the retreat of their army. These troops were formed on some heights, their right resting upon the Pampeluna road, and the left commu- nicating with a column of infantry, which was endeavouring to hold in check the allied forces on the right. When advancing to the charge, the progress of the brigade was impeded by a deep ravine : the two regiments of Life Guards leaped over the obstruction (but not without leav- ing a few men and horses struggling at the bot- THE LIFE GUARDS. 183 torn, from whence they were, however, extricated 1813 without loss of life), the royal horse guards wheeled to their right, and crossed the ravine some distance lower down, and the brigade, having overcome the difficulty, continued rapidly to advance. The French appeared confused at this success, and, being exposed to the fire of a troop of horse artillery posted on an eminence behind the brigade, the enemy did not await the attack of the Life Guards, but fled with precipi- tation from the heights, leaving the Pampeluna road choked with baggage, cattle, and provision. The attacks of the allies were crowned with suc- cess in every part of the field. The enemy was unable to hold a single position for a suflicient length of time to allow even a portion of his bag- gage or artillery to be drawn off, and the whole fell into the hands of the allies. The pursuit was continued ; but the country was so intersected by ditches, and the roads crowded with baggage, that the movements of the cavalry were impeded, and, consequently, but few prisoners were taken. From this victory resulted the capture of one hundred and fifty-one guns ; four hundred and fifteen cais- sons ; forty thousand pounds of gunpowder ; two millions of musket- cartridges ; the military chest of the French army, with all its baggage, in- cluding the baton of Marshal Jourdan ; and several droves of oxen and pheep. After the pursuit had ceased for the night, the Household Cavalry Brigade bivouacked in a plant- ation near the Pampeluna road. On the following day the army resumed its . i^h J'^ ii • ■•■■ 1 1 1 184 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1813 march in pursuit of the enemy; and the light division, under Lieut.- General Sir Thomas Gra- ham, was despatched after twelve thousand French troops, which had heen sent a few days before to Bilboa to procure provisions. The Life Guards marched in the direction of Pampeluna, and bi- vouacked that night in a wood near Salvatierra, Avhere they lay exposed to a heavy rain and with- out provision two days. General Clausel, with fifteen thousand French from Logrofio, ignorant of the result of the en- gagement on the 21st, advanced to Vittoria on the following day ; but, finding that city occupied by the English, he instantly fell back on Logrofio. A strong force, including the Lift; Guards, was sent in pursuit of him, and arrangements were made to intercept his retreat to France ; but by forced marches he fell back upon Saragossa, and effected his escape by the pass of Jaca. After the flight of the enemy from Logrofio, the House- hold Cavalry were quartered in that city, where they remained in reserve for three weeks. The Life Guards occupied the convent of St. Fran- cisco, situated on the left bank of the Ebro. At the commencement of the retreat of the French from Vittoria, Joseph Bonaparte escaped by the Pampeluna road. On reaching that city he withdrew the wings of his army from the Spanish territory, leaving three divisions, under General Gazan. in the valley of Bastan, from whence they were driven by the allies on the Tth of July, and forced to retreat across the Pyrenees. The enemy also left garrisons in Pampeluna, Santona, and St. m THE LIFE GUARDS. 1B5 Sebastian, which were placed under strong block- 1813 ades by the allies. - v< v*.- ii os^ .«* The allied army continued to advance, gained possession of the principal passes of the Pyrenees, and took up strong positions to defend them. Mar- shal Soult having been appointed to command the French army, which had been considerably rein- forced after the battle of Vittoria, advanced to relieve Pampeluna. Forming his army into two powerful columns, he made simultaneous attacks, on the 25th of July, on the passes of Roncesvalles and Maya ; and, after some sharp fighting, the allied army withdrew to a position in front of the villages of Huarte and Villalba, which covered the blockade of Pampeluna. About mid-day on the 27th of July, orders were received for the march of the household cavalry to the vicinity of Pampeluna. The Life Guards left Logrofio on the same afternoon, halted at Arcos that nighty marched at three o'clock on the following morning, and arrived in front of Pampeluna in the afternoon. On the 28th the enemy made a most powerful attack on the position occupied by the allies, but was driven back with loss. On the 29th the household brigade was posted in column, in the rear of the right of the allied army ; but both armies remained inactive. The brigade was again in position on the following morning at daylight. Some alterations were made in the disposition of the enemy : he subsequently made several most formidable and resolute attacks, and the whole day was passed in hard fighting among the mountains, which ended in the retreat of the 186 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1813 French on the following morning. The allied army instantly moved forward in pursuit: a strong rear- corps was dislodged from a position in the pass of Donna Maria ; many prisoners were taken ; and a large convoy, with baggage, was captured in the town of Elizondo. Thus terminated one of the most desperate struggles in which troops ever were engaged, and in which the British infantry even surpassed their former gallantry. The ground on which tiie armies had been engaged was so moun- tainous that the cavalry was unable to act, and was therefore in reserve in the rear. The allied army was in full possession of the passes through the mountains, and the regiments established nearly in the same position which they had occupied before the attack on the 25th. The Life Guards were quartered in some small villages near Pampeluna, until the 9th of August ; when, forage becoming scarce, they commenced their march back to Logrofio, arrived at that city on the 12th, and again took possession of their former quarters. The household cavalry, being thus placed as a corps of reserve and support to the blockade of Pampeluna, were prevented from taking any part in the active operations of the army. St. Sebas- tian was captured, the Bidassoa was forded, and the enemy driven from a range of heights on the right of that river. On the 10th of November the allies made a successful attack on a strong po- sition occupied by the enemy, extending from the sea, across the river Nivelle, to the heights behind Ainhoue, from which resulted the capture of tifty THE LIFE GUARDS. 187 guns and fourteen hundrc' prisoners, with stores 1813 and ammunition. On the biii of December Lord Wellington crossed the Nive, and drove the out- posts of the enemy from some strong ground which they occupied between that river and the Adour. The French withdrew into a fortified camp near Bayonne, from whence, however, they issued on the four following days, and made un- successful attacks on the allied forces. In February, 1814, the right wing of the allies 1814 drove the enemy from several strong positions; and the left passed Bayonne by a bridge of boats. Both wings advanced up the country, and on the 27th a victory was obtained over the enemy near Orthes. The surrender of Pampeluna having taken place late in the season, it was not thought ad- visable to remove the Household Brigade until the spring. During their stay at Logroflo the regiments of Life Guards were joined by remounts from England : they were withdrawn from that city on the 18th of March, 1814, and, proceeding along the pass in the Pyrenean mountains by To- losa* and St. Jean de Luz, were joined by two squadrons from England. From St. Jean de Luz the two regiments, forming six fine squadrons of heavy cavalry, continued their march, passed Bayonne by the pontoon bridge, and about the end of March were quartered at Pau, the capital of the ancient province of Beam . The regiments resumed their march on the 2nd of April, and, proceeding * From Tolosa the Second Regiment marched eighteen hours without halting. 'III I 188 HISTORICAL RECORD OP i 1814 by Ibos, Tarbes, and Auch, joined the army, and were in reserve during the engagement on the 10th of April, when the enemy was driven from an advanced line of entrenchments near the city of Toulottse, and forced to retire within the walls of the suburb, from whence he afterwards withdrew to the walls of the city, and made preparations for a defence. The allies immediately commenced dispositions for a complete investiture of the place ; but while these were in progress the enemy retired, and soon afterwards the operations of the contend- ing forces were terminated by the arrival of in- formation that the armies of the allied sovereigns had penetrated to the capital of France ; that Na- poleon Bonaparte had abdicated the throne ; and that the Bourbon dynasty was restored. The campaign being thus terminated, the bri- gade went into quarters until the 31st of May» when t'l.^ regiments commenced a long and tedious march from the southern to the northern extremity of France, proceeding by Toulouse, Montauban, Cahors, Brives, Limoges, Chateau- roux, Orleans, Etampes, Mantes, Neufchatel, Ab- beville, and Montreal, to Boulogne, where they arrived on the Slst of July, and commenced em- barking for England on the same evening. In the mean time the troops of Life Guards performing duty in London were employed in services connected with the restoration of peace. On the 20tli of April the exiled monarch of France, Louis XVIII., left his retreat at Hartwell to ascend the throne of his ancestors, and made a public entry into London on the same day, escorted 4 1 THE LIFE GUARDS. 189 by tlie Life Guards, and attended by a c; .alcade i of gentlemen volunteers, light dragoons, and French nobility. On his arrival in town he was congratulated by the Prince Regent and other princes and princesses. Early in June the Em- peror of Russia* and the King of Prussia, with a number of foreign princes and nobles, arrived in England ; and the Life Guards furnished guards of honour and escorts for the royal visitors on several public occasions. On the 20th of June His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, accom- panied by the Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, and a number of British and foreign j)rinces and noblemen, reviewed the guards, regular troops and volunteers, stationed near the metro- polis, in Hyde Park, when a sub-division of the second regiment of Life Guards appeared in cuirasses.f On the 1st of August His Royal Highness the Duke of York reviewed the six squadrons of Life Guards returning from foreign service on Black- heath; and on the following day they resumed their former quarters in London. The establishment of each regiment was reduced two hundred men, and the following alterations were made in the clothing. Black horse-hair crests to the helmets were dis- • The Emperor of Russia was accompanied by a troop of Cos- sack lancers, who were stationed in the Life Guards barracks in King-street, Portman-square. f It was in contemplation at this period for the Life Guards to resume the cuirass, which had been laid aside upwards of a cen- tyry : it was again introduced into general use on the accession of George IV. 14 m M m 190 HISTORICAL RECORD OF / i >;- 1814 continued, and, in place thereof, blue and red woollen crests were adopted, with a scarlet and white plume on the left side of the helmet : sabre-taches were added to the sword-belts : scarlet horse-furniture, with housings, holster-caps, and flounces, were re- placed by sheepskin shabraques — black for the officers and white for the men — and blue horse- furniture trimmed with gold lace : the sashes worn by the ipen were of scarlet and yellow, instead of blue and yellow. 1815 About the end of February and beginning of March, 1815, the regiments of Life Guards furnished a number of extraordinary guards, piquets, and patroles, in consequence of riotous assemblages of the populace, which were, how- ever, so far as the Life Guards were concerned, dispersed without causing loss of life. These riots originated in a great public excitement pro- duced by the introduction of a bill into parliament to regulate the importation of grain. Two addi- tional regiments of cavalry, and two troops of horse artillery, marched to London and its imme- diate vicinity, and the whole were placed under the command of Lieutenant-General the Earl of Uxbridge. The excitement having subsided, his lordship reviewed the troops in Hyde Park on the 1 7th of March, and the additional corps marched from London shortly afterwards. The distinguished gallantry displayed by the British troops in the recent campaigns in Portugal, Spain, and France, which had been so materially conducive to the restoration of peace, induced thp Prince Regent to confer various honours and dis- THE LIFE GUARDS. 191 tinctions on the different corps employed, and His 1815 Royal Highness was pleased to approve of the two regiments of Life Guards bearing the word ' Peninsula' on their standards and appoint- ments, in addition to the devices already borne. Few months, however, elapsed before the peace of Europe was again disturbed by the departure of Bonaparte from the island of £lba, in breach of the treaty of 1814, and by his sudden invasion of the kingdom from which he had so recently become an exile. His re-appearance on the shores of France produced an electric sensation throughout Europe, and agitated, more or less, the public mind in all countries. To oppose him and his adherents, the King of France assembled large armies : these> however, proved faHhless to their sovereign, and served but to swell the ranks of the invader, and to augment the splendour of his enterprise. Abandoi 1 and betrayed by the army, the royal family ol France fled, and Bo- naparte, advancing by triumphant marches to the capital, re-ascended, with a facility which baffled all calculation, the throne which he had so re- cently abdicated. The conquest of a great empire was thus effected with a rapidity as unparalleled as the means were apparently inadequate. The powers of Europe declared war against the usurper. All the nations armed. The various countries extending from the Alps to the Scheldt became a vast theatre of camps and cantonments. Never, probably, were the resources of so many states so simultaneously developed. A British \4 I ' 1,1'' 'tU, ,.i i V iil1 ■'Ml 192 HISTORICAL RECORD OF I 1815 army was assembled in Belgium, under the com- mand of Field-Marshal his Grace the Duke of Wellington. The Hanoverians, Belgians, and Dutch, with the contingents of Nassau and Bruns- wick Oels, were also placed under the orders of his Grace. The establishment of both regiments of Life Guards was augmented to five hundred and eighty-nine men ; and on the 27th of April two squadrons from each regiment marched from London to join the army in Flanders. These de- tachments landed at Ostend on the 3rd of May ; from whence they marched towards Brussels, and on the 10th took up cantonments at Meerbeck and Ninove, at which last town the head-quarters of the British cavalry were established. The first and second regiments of Life Guards, the royal regiment of horse guards, and the first regiment of dragoon guards, were formed in one brigade, which was numbered the first cavalry brigade, and was commanded by Major-General Lord Edward Somerset; the cavalry regiments were under the orders of Lieutenant-General the Earl of Uxbridge. The First Life Guards were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Ferrier, and the second by Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. E. P. Lygon*. On the 24th of May the first and second bri- gades of British cavalry were reviewed by His * A list of all the corps employed, with the commanders, &c., is given in the Appendix. THE LIFE GUARDS. 193 Royal Highness the Prince of Orange; and on lyir) the 29th the whole of the cavalry and horse artil- lery v\ere reviewed by Field-Marshal His Grace the Duke of Wellington, and Marshal Von Blu- cher, the commander of the Prussian army. A junction having been formed between the Prussian army, amounting to about one hundred and twenty thousand men, under the command of Marshal Von Blucher, and the forces commanded by His Grace the Duke of Welhngton, amounting to seventy-five thousand men, the two armies were disposed in cantonments, in relative and regular position, with Tournay on their right and Namur on their left: the British cavalry were behind the right of the line. Bonaparte having resolved on striking a blow before the allies had fully assembled tlieir forces, collected his armee d'elite, including an innnense cavalry, with the old and new guards, and endea- voured, by one of those rapid and decisive move- ments for which he had been so famous, to inter- pose between the British and Prussian armies, and then beat them in detail. On the 15th of June information was received of the sudden advance of the French army, when tiie Duke of Vv'ellington gave orders for the con- centration of the forces under his connnand at Quatre Bran. Orders to march reached the (juar- ters of the Life Giuirds at an early hour in the morning of the IGth; and about six the brigade assembled on the road to Nivelles, from whence it proceeded immediately towards the point of coii- u f1l ir 'A ' r r- TT'sr I i ^^ a i: V '-1 194 HISTORICAL RECORD OF Bill ,1 ! ISlscentration. The march having been continued throughout the day, towards evening the sound of a distant cannonade was heard, and soon alter peals of musketry became audible. The brigade increased its pace to a brisk trot, and passed through Nivelles, where many wounded and prisoners had ah'eady arrived ; but before it reached Quatre Bras the evening was far advanced, and the conflict had ceased. The allies, having repulsed the attacks of the enemy, retained possession of their position, and remained under arms during the night. The Life Guards were posted in a corn-tield near the liigh road from Brussels to Cliarleroi. On the morning of the 17th of June the Duke of Wellington, liaving received information tluit tlie Prussian anny had been defeated on the pre- ceding day at Ligny, and was in full retreat, re- solved to fall back to such a corresponding position as would enable him to keep up a communication with Marshal Blucher. Before eleven o'clock the retreat commenced, and the cavalry, under the Earl of Uxbridge, took up a position to cover the re- ti'ograde movement. The rear of the infantry and artillery having [)roceede(l some miles along the great road from Quatre Bras through (ienappe, the cavalry com- hnenced retiring by brigades in succession, each ])rigade re-forming as soon as it arrived at a suit- able position in the rear of the colunm. It was a fine military spectacle, performed in the face of an adverse army, atid was beautifully executed. The enemy's cavalry appeared in great force ; the main THE LIFE »UARDS. 195 body of his army moved on Quatre Bras, and his 1815 advance-guard began to press on the rear of the retiring anny. To check his advance, the seventh hussars charged a corps of French lancers in the town of Genappe ; but the lancers, having their flanks secure, presented an almost impenetrable row of pikes ; and they were enabled to repel the charge of the hussars. The seventh repeated the attack, but failed to make an impression on the enemy ; and the French cavalry, continuing to press forward, pas!>ed the ground occupied by tiie Imssars, ^^'hen the first regiment of Life Guards was ordered, by the Earl of Uxbridge, to charge the French lancers. The Life Guards wheeled about, and advanced boldly to the attack : the weight and fury of the charge of these powerfuJ, lieavy horsemen proved irresistible ; and the lan- cers were overthrown, and pursued through the streets of Genappe. After this check the retreat was continued with cannonading and skirmishing until the cavalry arrived at the ])osition of Mont St. Jean, in front of the forest of Soigne, and near the village of Waterloo. Tliis position, wliich is a gradual swell of ground of easy ascent, cover- ing the approach to l^'ussels by the roads from Charleroi and Nivelles, was already occupied by the infantry and artillery, and the troops bivou- acked on the ground. Violent showers of rain fell during the afternoon, and it continued to rain throughout the night, with cold and strong gusts ol" wind. The Duke of Wellington made dispositions to o2 m . -.» j 1 J I S i ^\ 196 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815 maintain liis ground ; and as the main body of the French army was directed against him, Marshal Blucher promised to send all his disposable force to support his Giace. The Anglo-Belgian army was formed in two corps and a reserve ; the first corps imder tlie Prince of Orange, the second under Lieutenant- General Lord Hill, and the reserve under Lieu- tenant-General Sir Thomas Picton : the right of the first corps was in rear of Huguomont, the left in rear of La Haye Sainte : from this point the reserve extended about six hundred yards to the left towards Wavrc. A part of the second corps remained in rear oi' the first, en potence, reaching towards Merke Braine. The farm-housess of Huguomont and La Haye Sainte were occupied ; the former by two battalions of foot guards, the latter by a battalion of Hanoverians. The in- fantry were in two lines, with the artillery dis- tributed in front, and the cavalry in the rear. The first British cavalry brigade was posted near the centre, and was formed in a close column of regiments. About ten o'clock on the 1 8th of June the French army, commanded l)y Bonaparte in per- son, was seen advancing to give battle ; and, us their nuissy divisions a})proached, skirmishers were thrown out. The uniform order of their ukht- ments, and the gradual development of successive columns, gave an imposing and magnificent apj>ear- ance to their army. The action commenced by a furious attack upon THE LIFE GUARDS. 197 Huguomont, Every inch of ground was fiercely 1815 contested, until the French, dismayed by the sanguinary tenacity of the defence, fell back. In an hour the enemy showed his main attack on the centre. The firing of ail kinds became terrific ! Incessant volleys of musketry, — the roar of cannon, — the clash of urnis, — and the shouts of the combatants, — manifested the fury of the assailants and the undaunted resistance of the assailed. So great was the impetuosity of the various attacks, that the first line of the Anglo- Belgic army was somewhat shaken, and a body of cuirassiers was ascending the crest of the position, when the first cavalry brigade deployed and ad- vanced to confront these renowned warriors, the boasted veterans of fifty battles. The French cuirassiers came on in the pride of assumed superiority, and with all that martial bear- ing and daring audacity so remarkably evinced by tliat arme throughout the day ; they were sup- ported by a heavy cannonade ; and, as their charg- ing ranks, bright in polished armour, appeared issuing from the smoke, their advance was singu- larly hnposing. A crowd of infantry and artillery fied before them, and as they ascended the acclivity tiiey shouted, waved their swords in exultation, and pressed forward as to certain victory. Having gained the sununit of the elevated ground, before them appeared the first British brigade, — a noble spectacle of ten scjuadrons of sujjerb heavy cavalry, advancing at a brisk trot, and preserving a firm hearing, while the French artillery rent chat^nis in tiie rank». The first Life Guards, cummanded 1 1 1 i i 1 :'.'Wi\ii\i\ m f a ►I ^ ^y\ 198 HISTORICAL RECORD OF r' M ^^Hl 'H !■ Si 'ii wtt MBi^l m HHH ^n 1815 by Lieutenant-Colonel Ferrier, were on the right of the brigade, the second, led by the Honourable Edward P. Lygon, were on the left ; the blues and first dragoon guards in the centre. A spirit of emulation and a thirst for glory animated the officers and men. The flying infantry and artillery passed through the intervals, their confidence was instantly restored, ana, facing about, they followed the advancing squadrons, cheering as they ran. Scarcely had the troopers gained a glance at their mailed antagonists, when Lord Edward Somerset waved his sword as a signal to charge ; a loud huzza arose which w as repeated by all the infantry in that part of the field, and the next moment these powerful horsemen rushed at speed upon their steel-clad adversaries. It was a magnificent sight ! The foaming ranks of war, rushing upon each oth^r with terrific violence, presented a spec- tacle calculated to fire the breast of every specta- tor : the thunder of artillery and volleys of nms- ketry ceased at that part of the field, as if every eye was turned to witness the result of this tremendous charge ; the smoke clearing away, the Life Guards were seen pursuing and cutting down their dis- comfited antagonists, and spreading terror, dismay, and carnage over the field. The cuirassiers, although in every respect the elite of the French army, and, like the mailed warriors of chivalry, * locked up in steel,' were completely overthrown, cut down, and driven back, Pepce danti lea reins*. * Dr. Johnson observes, tliiit, ' as an army cannot consist of * philosophers, a panic is eanily oxcited hy any unwonted mode of * annoyance. Netv dangers ort* naturally magnified, and men ac- ):> I "h: THE LIFE GUARDS. 199 The two regiments of Life Guards evinced in 1815 the pursuit intrepidity and eagerness almost amounting to rash temerity ; the officers and men, spreading themselves over the corn-tields, chased and sabred the cuirassiers with a terrible slaughter : the second Life Guards*, meeting with few hedges to oppose them, passed some columns of infantry, and penetrated to the centre of the French army : one troop, headed by Captain Ken yon, galloped along tlie road leading from Brussels to Cliarleroi, and captured several pieces of cannon ; but, being pressed on all sides by superior numbers, and the regiment having to fight its way back, it was un- able to retain possession of the guns, which were consequently dismounted and abandoned. Before the regiment could regain the British j)osition it was closely pressed by a corps of lancers of more than treble its own strength, was exposed to the fire oi two columns of French infantry, and sufiered severely. After returning from the charge, the Life Guards formed under the brow of the hill, where they were exposed to a most de- structive cannonade. ' customed only to exchanp^e bullets at a distance, and rather to ' hear their enemies than to see them, are dismayed and amazed • when they find themselves encountered hand to hand, and catch ' the gleam of steel flashing in their faces' This accounts for what would otherwise appear unaccountable in the conduct of the French Cuirassiers when attacked liy the Life Guards. These Cuirassiers were armed with a superior long sword, steel back and breast-plates, and an helmet ; they had fought in all Napoleon's wars ; were selected from the cavalry of the line for their indivi- dual bravery : and almost every man had one or moie medals as rewards of his prowess ; yet they were hurled into disorder by the attack of men with inferior swords and bare bodies! — But they were never attacked before. * The first Cuirassier corps encountered by the second Life Guards was the Carabiniers d Cheval, the 6/ite of the French army. y iK (h- *. r ■■; mm]] 'I I ' 'I 1 L'il 200 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815 Meanwhile an attack was made upon the Bri- tish left, and several thousand French infantry had gained the summit of the po!«ition ; but they were gallantly charged and driven back by the second cavalry brigade. Tlie day was far advanced, and Napoleon, having utterly failed against both wings, resolved to bend all his eflPorts against the centre of the British forces. He accordingly moved a strong body of infantry on the farm-house of La Haye Sainte, which he carried ; the walls not iiaving been loop-holed, and being soon breached, the interior no longer afforded cover : a detachment of the light battalion of the King's German legion, which occupied it, had expended all its annnuni- tion, and the difficult access prevented its succour or re-capture. A succession of attacks had commenced against the centre, executed by regiments or brigades of cavalry : but these attacks were uniformly unsuc- cessful. The infantry of the British army was thrown into squares of battalions, which, invariably reserving their fire with admiral)le steadiness till tlie near approach of the assailants, seldom failed to bring down great numbers of them. The batteries along the front, although repeat- edly in possession of the enemy, were, nevertheless, as they were successively relincjuished, re-occupied by the British gunners, who, liaving momentarily sought shelter behind the infantry, again (juickly commenced their destructive volleys. In the mean time, some French inluntry, having gained the edge of the plateau, loiced apart of the >..Hi THE LIFE GUARDS. 201 third division (chiefly consisting of Hanoverian 1815 ' andwehr) to recoil in disorder. These, how- ever, being rallied by the Duke of Wellington in person, threw themselves into the sunken bye-road, and, re-opening their tire, effectually checked this advantage. The British infantry, in squares, still continuing exposed to the assaults of cavalry, and to the un- ceasing havoc of artillery, were seen closing their ranks over the dead bodies of their comrades, and suffering no other change than a gradual diminu- tion of front. The enemy following up the success at La Haye Sainte, heavy columns were observed concentrating towards that point. The cavalry attacks became every moment more serious ; large bodies coming down in support ; the infantry pressing forward ; while dragoons, lancers, carabineers, cuirassiers, came on in overwhelming numbers, threatening to bear down all opposition ; masking at times the advance of infantry ; precipitating themselves on the British squares ; attacked by our cavalry, sal- lying through the intervals : quickly re-forming, and pursuing theni in turn ; then halting, in range of tire, confounded, but unintimidated by repulse ; while individuals, spurred on by an ardent but un- . availing intrejjidity, were sometimes observed deli- berately searching round our immovable battalions for an opening by which to penetrate, — endeavour- ing to seize on a standard, or hew themselves a passage, — and of course usually perishing at the muzzle of the piece. In this manner a melte of all armea continued, c ,. .' m a02 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815 during two hours, with desperate and murderous effect ; and thus was, at this point, a conflict main- tained, glorious to the vanquished and to the victors, until a large portion of the French cavalry was annihilated. In the heat of the contest the first cavalry bri- gade advanced in column, the first Life Guards in front, and charged a mass of Bonaparte's lancers and light horsemen masked by cuirassiers, who successfully resisted the first attack, but were eventually forced from their ground with severe loss. The brigade subsequently advanced against a body of French infantry, which was overthrown and pursued to the rear; but the fire of the enemy's artillery and musketeers thinned the ranks, and the regiments lost several distinguisher^ offi- cers, and many men and horses. The Anglo-Belgic army became much dimi- nished, harassed, and exhausted. On the other hand, however, the enemy became evidently ap- palfed, as well by the unceasing destruction hurled by our batteries amidst his ranks, as by the unal- terable and undaunted countenance of the British infantry. It was nearly eight o'clock in the evening. Buonaparte, regardless of past failures, always im- perturbable, with unaccountable infatuation, still anticipated success ; and, resolving on a last des- perate effort, ordered to the front the whole of his reserve, consisting of the old Imperial Guards. These, formed in contiguous columns of regiments, supported by troops of the line, and by the re- mains of his once formidable cavalry, advanced THE LIFE GUARDS. 203 against the British centre, the theatre of so many is 15 deadly conflicts. . ' , Bonaparte addressed them as they passed. Mar- shal Ney placed himself at their head. Those warlike bands, accustomed to decide the fortune of battles, preserving a kind of savage silence, marched with a firm and solemn step over the carcasses of men and horses which obstructed their way. Nearly the whole of the enemy's remaining force had been collected in one enormous mass, close under the brow of the position. So situated, the tremendous massacre, executed by our front and flanking batteries at grape and point-blank range, may easily be conceived. Lanes were per- ceptibly made, as the round shot penetrated and traversed tlieir mmierous columns. The contest was renewed with redoubled fui-y : the thunder of four hundred cannons, the roll of musketry, the occasional explosion of caissons, the hissing of balls and grape-shot, the clash of arms, the im- petuous noise and shouts of the soldiery, produced altogether a scene of carnage and confusion im- possible to describe. It was the struggle of constancy and courage on the one side — of enthusiasm and despair on the other. But the blind devotion, the ferocious tem- per of the assailants, were still successfully opposed by the same i u movable sangfroid^ the same heroic valour, with wiiich all their former reiterated at- tacks were awaited, sustained, and repulsed. Paralysed by this astonishing resistance, the progress of the hostile columns was checked ; hesi- >V)\ Xi- r- 204 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815tation was evinced; they evidently faltered ; their whole force was connnitted ; their situation was desperate. The fresh troops of our second corps had been brought up into line, and the Prussians, at length arriving in force, were (by neutralising from five to ten thousand French troops and by threatening their flank and rear) in a situation to co-operate. Thus was effected the masterly combination ori- ginally contemplated by the Duke of Wellington, who, seizing the opportunity, no longer postponed assuming the offensive. The squares of infantry formed line ; the bri- gade of cavalry, consisting of the seventh and fif- teenth hussars, and second hussars, K. G. L., under Major- General Sir Colquhoun Grant, mov- ing from Huguomont, acted nearly on the reverse of the enemy ; the brigade of British light infantry under Major-General Adam, throwing forward its right, operated on their left flank, and formed an oblique angle with the first brigade of foot guards, immediately fronting the Imperial troops : while between the left of the guards and La Haye Sainte was concentrated in column the main body of tlie British cavalry, including the Life Guards, headed by the Earl of Uxbridge, who w us struck by a cannon-ball and carried from the field dan- gerously wounded. The wings, being disengaged, threw forward their outward flanks ; the infantry of the centre discharged a last volley *, anil thf ivIntL- aruii/ rushed for UHi I'd on tlw I'nvmif. THE LIFE GUARDS, 205 ' At first a sort tf incertitude seemed to prevail 1815 amid the French ranks : soon the previous forma- tion of lines or columns could scarcely be traced ; some presented a front*, ignorant of the full extent of their impending fates ; others recoiling, broke through, and overthrew their more resolute conu'ades. Presently all semblance of order was lost, — equipages of all sorts withdrew from their various posts, choked the road, and rendered it im- passable, — the cannoneers abandoned their guns, — the waggon-train cut their traces ; and the remains, or rather the ruins, of those fierce and numerous legions, so lately meditating only rapine and con- quest, — infantry, cavalry, — all arms mingling in utter confusion, — fled along the road and over the fields in one vast, indistinguishable mass ; while the allied squadrons, giving them no respite, poured on their shattered flanks and rear. The firing had ceased. At this moment tlie setting sun, hitherto obscured, cast a gleam .'over the fields, a;id more distinctly disclosed this tri- umphant and unparalleled scene ! The Anglo-Belgic army halted on the heights of La Belle Alliance, the ground of which the enemy had been dispossessed, and bivouacked, sur- rounded by their enaarif^uined trophies. To the Prussians, being comparatively fresh, was allotted the task of urging the pursuit. Night had already covered the plain. The Prussian dra- * Four biittulioiiH of the old Kutird ondttavoured to niako n stand, but weri! disperHcd and out down liy tiie sixtli hiiKade ot'cavulry. ; I 'I' ME. If ^'m f. it lir •206 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815 goons sabred, without mercy or intermission, tiie panic-struck fugitives; darkness only a\igmented their terrors : the line of this disastrous route, being strewed with the dead, the fragments of broken arms, gun-carriages, and equipages of every sort, has been compared, not inaptly, to the sea- shore after some immense shipwreck. The loss of the French on this day may be estimated at above fifty thousand men : that of the Anglo-Belgian army amounted lo fifteen thousand. The first L'^e Guards had Lieut.-Colonel Fer- rier, Captain Lmd, and Quarter- Masters Towers and Slingsby, with seventeen rank and file, killed ; also Captain Whale, Lieutenant Richardson, Sub- Lieutenant Cox, Quarter-Master Dobsu id Ibrty-one men, wounded. The second r ^ . .^nt had Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Fitzgerald and Quar- ter-Masters Bradley and Beamonu, with eighty- four men, killed ; and sixty-eight men wounded. The first regiment had sixty-four horses killed, and the second one hundred and fifty-three. To the right of the tarm-house of La Haye Sainte was the ground on which this frightful and gigantic contest was decided. The following anecdote is illustrative of the terror produced in the enemy by the tremendous attack ot the Life Guards : — Immediately after the first charge, while the Life (fuards were pursuing the French, three of their cuirassiers turned down a narrow lane, with a view of escaping that way ; and they were pur- sued by private John Johnson, ol the second regi> THE LIFE GUARDS. 207 ment. There proved to be no thoroughfare at 1B15 the end of the road, when Johnson, though alone, attacked the three, and after a slight resistance they surrendered themselves prisoners. Several in- stances of the distinguished bravery displayed by individuals of the Life Guards have been recorded by historians* ; and the Duke of Wellington in his despatch stated, * Lord E. Somerset's ' BRIGADE, CONSISTING OF THE LiFE GuARDS, * ROYAL HORSE GUARDS, AND FIRST DRAGOON ' GUARDS, HIGHLY DISTINGUISHED THEMSELVES.' During^ the engagement his Grace came to the head of the first regiment of Life Guards, and thanked the squadrons for their distinguished braveryf. * Kelly, and other historians of the Battle of Waterloo, have de- scribed the conduct of Corporal Shaw and Private Godley, of the second Life Guards, in terms of the highest praise, — the former for his great prowess and the number of cuirassiers he slew ; and the latter for a distinguished act of bravery, namely, when his horse was killed, himself wounded, and his helmet knocked off, bare- headed cs he was, he attacked a cuirassier, slew him, and mounted his horse. Shaw was killed in the first charge. Gudley lived se- veral years after, and a stone was erected to his memory by his comrades, in the burial-ground of St. John's Wood, London, with appropriate devices and inscription. The confidence with which thtf enemy had calculated upon vic- tory may be conceived I'rom the fact, that the medical and other ofticers, whose duties re(|uircd their presence at Brussels on the evening of the Ibth, were surprised at finding abundant supplies of provisions ready cooked at houses of entertainment and oi con- fectioners,"which were prepared in the expectation of the arrival of the Frencli army. This expectation was produced by a number of printed proclamations having been privately circulaled by French emissaries. t After the return of the army to England, the Duke of Wel- lington came to the barracks of the second Life Guards, in King- street, Poitman-square; and, the regiment being on parade, it was formed into a close column, when his Grace again expressed, in tliH strongest t«>rnis, his admiration of its conduct during the whole ■ i •208 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1815 The British and Belgian armies commenced their march upon the French capital on the fol- 'jwing day, and continued their route without meeting with serious opposition. Tlie enemy was not able to rally his troops in sufficient numbers to arrest the progress of the allies. Cambray and Peronne were subsequentl) iuken by storm and without much loss. Le Quesnoy was blockaded and taken after a short resistance ; and on the 30th of June the allied forces arrived in the vicinity of Paris. The Life Guards marched with the army durini^ its advance upon the French capital, and were at this time bivouacked near Cheunevirres, from whence they marched on the 2nd of July, and halted that evening near Roisey. The investiture of Paris was carried on gradually by the British, Belgian, and Prussian armies, and the French made several unsuccessful sallies. The operations were however terminated by the surrender of the capital on the 3rd of July. On the following day the allied troops took possession of the outposts of the city, and on the 6th the barriers were delivered up ; the English and Prussian Guards relieving the French guards in the regular military form. Thus of ' periods it hud served under his command, in the Peninsula and on the Continent, particularly at the battle of Waterloo ; and observed to Earl Cathcart, the colonel of the regiment, who was E resent on this occasion, that its conduct had produced in thu reast of his Grace the most lively feelings of exultation; when his lordship replied. ' / have /mourn the rfgimaiit more than • twenty years, and have always had reason to feel froud of its ' conduct.' THE LIFE GUARDS. 209 ended this short but memoraWe campaign, from 1815 which resulted the restoration of Louis XVIII. to the throne of France, the exile of Napoleon Bona- parte to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic • ocean, and the establishment of peace in Europe. On the 7th of July the Life Guards marched through Paris, and went into quai*ters at Nanterre, a village about seven miles from that city. On the 24th of July the Duke of Wellington reviewed the whole of tlie troops under his com- mand, near Paris : the lines were formed between the Place de Louis XV. and the bridge of Neuilly. The Emperors of Russia and Austria, the Kings of Prussia and France, with a number of princes and nobles, were present. On the 24th of July ' the Prince Regent, as a ' mark of his high approbation of the distinguished ' bravery and good conduct of the First and Second ' Regiments of Life Guards, at the battle of * Waterloo, on the 18th of June, 1815, was • pleased to declare himself Colonel-in-Chief of ' both the regiments of Life Guards.' The word • Waterloo' was also ordered to be placed upon the standards and appointments of both regiments. On the 2nd of September the first and eighth l)rigade8 of British cavalry, with a troop of horse artillery, were reviewed by the Emperor of Russia, who expressed his great admiration of their appear- ance and performances. A few days afterwards the allied army was reviewed on the j)lain of St. Denis, and again on the 1 Ith ot October. The definitive treaties between France and the 1810 P 210 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1816 allied powers having been settled, a portion of the British troops quitted France, leaving an army of occupation. The Life Guards marched from their quarters near Paris on the 17th of January, 1816, embarked at Boulogne in tlie beginning of Febru- ary, and tinally arrived at their former quarters, in London, on the 8th of that month. On the 25th of March silver medals were re- ceived for every officer and man who served at the battle of Waterloo, to be worn on the left breast, suspended by a crimson and blue riband, — an honour conferred upon every corps that served in that memorable engagement. 1817 I" February, 1817, His Royal Highness the Prince Regent comn)anded the following alteration to be made in the clothing of both regiments : — The double-breasted coatees to be replaced by single-breasted coats, with brass scale epaulettes. Brass helmets with crimson and blue crests, and scarlet and white plumes, to be replaced by po- lished steel helmets, with brass ornaments, and bear-skin crests, without plume. The cloth trousers to be of claret-mixture (in- stead of blue mixture), with a broad stripe of scarlet cloth down the outside of the leg. During the months of February and March the Life Guards furnished many additional guards and patroles, and also detachments to occupy posts in ditferent parts of the metropolis, in readiness to aid the civil power in the preservation of the public peace. The regiments were also occasionally called upon to disperse riotous assemblages of the populace ; wliich was eft'ected without destruc- Pri THE LIFE GUARDS. •211 tion to human life. The minds of the labouring 1817 classes were much agitated by evil-disposed persons, ^vho, under the pretence of holding meetings to petition for a redress of grievances, were busily engaged in concocting treasonable plots ; but their designs were happily frustrated : the conspirators, however proceeded so far, that it was found ne- cessary to apprehend several, and to bring them to trial. In the month of March the two regiments of Life Guards were reviewed by the Grand Duke Nicholas (the present Emperor of Russia*), who expressed, in the strongest terms, his admiration of their appearance and performances. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent opened the new Waterloo Bridge, with great solemnity, on the 18th of June, 1817, when a guard of honour of the second Life Guards attended the ceremony ; and, as this took place on the anni- versary of the battle of V^'^aterloo, the guard con- sisted of men who had served in that engagement. His Royal Highness proceeded thither by water, and the time of his embarkation was aiuiouncedby • discharges of artillery on thj bridge, and by the ^ simultaneous hoisting on its battlements of the ' captured eagles of France, the standard of Great ' Britain, and the ensigns of all the allied armies, • which, glancing in the sun, gave a singular • brilliancy to the scene, and forcibly recalled • to mind the hour in which they were alter- • nately shrouded in the smoke of battle.' The Prince Regent was received at the bridge by a 1839. P 2 . t-;ii! f! i" , i: 1* tm iili ill ■'^ 1 212 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1817 salute of two hundred and two guns (the number of cannons taken at Waterloo) ; and having landed on the Surrey side and ascended the stairs, he crossed the bridge, attended by His Royal High- ness the Duke of York, the Duke of Wellington, and other celebrated commanders : he then em- barked on board the royal barges, and proceeded to Fife House, where a sumptuous entertainment was prepared. On the 25th of July the Prince Regent reviewed the two regiments of Life Guards, and the royal regiment of horse guards, on Hounslow heath. 1818 On the 26th of May, 1818, His Royal High- ness the Prince Regent, accompanied by the Duke of York. Prince Homburg, and a number of general officers, reviewed the regiments of Life and horse guards, the tenth hussars, nineteenth lancers, and two troops of horse artillery, on Hounslow heath. On the 17th of November, 1818, Her Majesty Queen Charlotte died at Kew Palace. On the 30th a detachment of onp hundred men from each regiment of Life Guards marched to Windsor, to attend the obsequies of her late Majesty, which took place on the night of the 1st of December ; when the Life Guards furnished the Prince Re- gent's body-guard, and lined a portion of the interior of St. George's Chapel, with other duties connected with the funeral solemnities. This year the supernumerary lieutenant-colonels ceased to take their turn of court duty, in order to the ultimate abolition of the appointment, which took place as vacancies occurred. THE LIFE GUARDS. 213 In December the establishment of each regi- 1818 ment was reduced to thirty-two officers, eight quarter-masters, three hundred and ninety-seven men, and two hundred and seventy-four troop- horses. In 1819 the Life Guards performed their ordi- 1819 nary routine of guards and escorts, and occasion- ally furnished detachments in aid of the civil power. An ambassador from the sovereign of Persia having arrived in London with presents, the 20th of May was fixed upon for his audience with the Prince Regent; when he proceeded in public pro- cession to Carlton Palace, attended by a military escort ; and both regiments of Life Guards were employed on this occasion. On the 29th of January, 1820, King George 1820 the Tliird died at Windsor, after an illness of seve- ral years. On the 31st the second Life Guards furnished a guard of one hundred men, at Carlton Palace, and the first Life Guards a detachment to attend the heralds at arms, while making pro- clamation of the accession of King George IV. On the 15th of February a detachment of one hundred and thirty men from each regiment marched to Windsor, and furnished a guard on foot over the royal corpse, while laying in state for public view. On the 1 6th the whole were em- ployed during the funeral ceremonial in lining a portion of the grand staircase in the interior of the castle, and the centre of St. George's Chapel ; also in following the corpse in the procession, with other duties attendant upon the solemn ritual. Tiie whole of the military assembled on this occasion > •.» m m. 214 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1820 were commanded by General the Earl Catheurt, K.T., Gold Stick in Waiting. A conspiracy of a most diabolical character, in which was matured a plan for the murder of the members of His Majesty's government, and for setting fire to different barracks, with other atro- cities, having been discovered, precautionary mea- sures were adopted, and a number of conspirators were apprehended. The Life Guards furnished many extra duties in consequence, as well before the apprehension of the conspirators as during their trial, and on the 1st of May, when five of them were executed. On tlie 21st of July the two regiments of Life Guards, and the royal regiment of horse guards, were reviewed by His Royal- Highness the Duke of York ; and on the 5th of August the same corps, with the twelfth lancers, and a troop of horse ar- tillery, were reviewed by His Majesty on Hounslow Heath. General the Earl Cathcart commanded in the field, and the King expressed, in the strongest terms, his high approbation of the appearance and discipline of the several corps assembled. For more than twenty years the Life Guards had ceased to attend the sovereign when at Wind- sor; the royal regiment of horse guards having occupied the cavalry barrack at that place the greater part of the period, and performed the duties required by their Majesties when residing at the castle. In the month of May, 1820, His Majesty was gniciously pleased to signify his plea- sure that the colonel of the royal regiment of horse guards should take the court duty of Gold THE LIFE GUARDS. •215 Stick in Waiting, in turn with the colonels of the 1820 two regiments of Life Guards : and that that corps should also take its turn of the London duty with the regiments of Life Guards. The tirst change of quarters consequent upon this order took place on the I4th of June, 1821, when the second Life 1821 Guards, being relieved in the London duty by the royal horse guards, marched to Windsor and its vicinity. In the beginning of July steel cuirasses, after having been laid aside by the Life Guards upwards of one hundred and twenty years, were again issued to both regiments from the Tower of Lon- don, to be worn on mounted duties and on public occasions*. In the middle of July the second regiment re- turned to London to take part in the magniticent ceremonial of His Majesty's coronation, which was conducted with great splendour on the 19th ; when the two regiments of Life Guards furnished His Majesty's guard at Carlton Palace, and strong de- * The following list of defensive armour worn by the Cuirassiers in the reign of Charles I., with the price of each article, was es^'i- blished by royal warrant : — £. s. d. A Breast, of pistol proofe . . o xi o A Backe o vii o A close Casque, lyned . . . . o xvii o A pay re of Pouldrons . . o xii o A pay re of Vambraces . . . o xii o A pay re of Guissets . . . . o xvii o A Guarderine o vii o A Gorgett, lyned o in vi .. A payre of Gauntletts, gloved . o in vi Soe the price of the whole Cuirassier's i armour amounted to i o irMii, i!'! 216 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 18-^1 tachments extending along the side of the platform on which the[royal procession passed, with various other duties connected therewith. On this occasion the Life Guards appeared in bear-skin grenadier caps,* ornamented with the royal arms and other devices, and having a white plume of feathers on the left side passing in a cir- cular direction over the crown of the cap ; grenade ornaments were also worn on the pouches, sabre- taches, horse-furniture, and also on the skirts of the coats. After the coronation the second regiment returned to its former quarters at Wind- sor, where it continued until the month of June, 1822 1822, when the household cavalry brigade having been reviewed by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, on Hounslow Heath, the first Life Guards marched to Windsor and its vicinity, and the second returned to London and occupied the new barracks in Regent's Park. Shortly afterwards the men received orders not to shave the upper lip. In October two squadrons of the first regiment marched to Brighton, where they 1823 remained until April, 1823, and then returned to Windsor. On the 17th of June, 1823, the first regiment marched to the cavalry barracks in Hyde Park ; the second regiment remained in the Regent's Park barracks until the 5th of July., when both regiments marched to quarters in the vicinity of * The caps worn by the grenadiers at their introduction in 1678, were composed of fur, and had scarlet hoods hanging down behind ; before the Revolution of lfi88, cloth caps with high crowns were adopted for the grenadiers ; and in the early part of the reign of George III., bear-skin caps. THE LIFE GUARDS. 217 Hounslovv, preparatory to a review by the Duke 1S23 of York, which took place on the 15th of that month. The corps present were the household brigade, third light dragoons, the seventh and fifteenth hussars, and a brigade of horse artillery. His Royal Highness again reviewed the same corps on the 7th of July, 1824. An eminent 1824 writer of the day makes the following observa- tions on this review : * The ivhole of the move- ' ments were e .ecuted with a degree of precision ' which excited universal admiration, and received ' the unqualified approbation of the Commander- ' in-Chief. It would bi difficu^v to imagine any- ' thing, except an actual field . battle, more ter- * rific than the view of the troops when performing * some of the attacks. One brigade charging at * full gallop, the other supporting them in the * rear, — the roaring of the artillery on the flanks, * — the irregular discharge of carbines by the pur- ' suers, — ^the sounding of trumpets and the neigh- * ing of steeds, — all combined in forcing upon ' the mind a powerful idea of a scene of real * warfare. ' On the 8th of July, the second Life Guards marched t Windsor and its vicinity, and the first regiment rolarned to Hyde Park barracks. The two regiments of Life Guards, and royal 1825 horse guards, with the first and second dragoon guards, Scots greys, seventh hussars, twelfth lancers, and a brigade of artillery, were reviewed by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, accom- panied by the Dukes of Sussex and Cambridge, and attended by a great number of noblemen and general m •218 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1825 officers, on Hounslow Heath, on the 28th of June, 1825. On the 2nd of July, 1825, the first Life Guards inarched to Windsor, and the second regiment to the Regent's Park barracks. • 1826 ^^ May, 1826, the first regiment proceeded to Nottingham, in consequence of some disturb- ances in that part of the country ; and returned to Windsor in June. On the 4th of July, the second Life Guards inarched to Hyde Park bar- racks, and the first regiment to the barracks in the Regent's Park. 1827 Field -Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of York, commander-in-chief of all His Majesty's , forces, died on the 5th of January, 1827, and on the 19th of that month detachments from each of the regiments of Life Guards marched into quarters near Windsor, to attend the funeral ceremony of his late Royal Highness, which took place on the following day, when a guard of honour of the second regiment at- tended the royal remains from St. James's Palace to Cranford Bridge, and a guard of the first regi- ment formed the escort from thence to \^'^indsor Castle. The remainder of the detachments were stationed on the line of procession, and em- ployed in other duties connected with the solenm ritual. The annual change of quarters took place on the 0th of July, when the first regiment (U'oceedcd to Hyde Park barracks, and the second to Windsor, and neighbouring villages 1H28 'I'l'*-* fi*'*^^ ^'1*-' ^ Guards, royal horse guardn, THE LIFE GUARDS. 219 two battalions of foot guards, and the seventy- 1828 second regiment, were inspected on the 5th of February, 1828, by Don Miguel of Portugal. On the 3rd of July following, the second Life Guards returned to London, and o'^cupied Regent's Park barracks, and the first reghneut proceeded to Windsor. In 1829 the Duke of Orleans visited England; 1829 and on the 27 th of May His Royal Highness re- viewed the second Life Guards, royal horse guards, tenth and fii'teenih hussars, and the first and third foot guards, with a brigade of artillery, in Hyde park. The first Life Guards left Windsor on the 7th of July, 1829, and marched to the Regent's Park barracks; and the second regiment pro- ceeded to the barracks in Hyde Park. This year the second Life Guards received His Majesty's command to discontinue wearing the white bra- doon, and the first regiment the white collars worn by the troop-horses : both regiments were also ordered to appear with flask-strings on their pouch-belts : the first regiment red, the second blue.* Sabre-taches and sashes for the men were also laid aside. His Most (iracious Majesty King George IV. 1830 (lied on the 20tii of June, 1830, at Windsor (-astle ; and on the 14tli of July detachments from both regiments of Life Guards marched to AA'^indsor * White briidoons had been in uko by the Hccond Life Guards for more than a (HMitury : the first regiment had recent iy udoptt'd a wliite coUiir iiiHteud of u white hiiidoon. The horse Kfuimdier Kuards formerly wore u ltask-Htrin^ on their pourh-hells, but this was the first introduction of that appointment into the Life Guards. 220 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1830 to attend the funeral of their late sovereign, which was solemnized on the following day, when the detachments were stationed within the castle, on the grand staircase, and in the interior of the chapel, during the performance of the solemn ritual. THE LIFE GUARDS. 221 CHAPTER IX. Accession of William IV. — Review of the Second Regiment — Review in Hyde Park — Change of Quarters — Their Majesties ar- rive at Brighton— Riots — Alteration in the Establishment— Pre- sentation of Silver Kettle-drums — Review — Change of Quarters — Opening of London Bridge — Coronation — Reviews— Change of Quarters — Grenadier Caps adopted— Sundry Duties. The accession of His Most Gracious Majesty 1830 King William the Fourth was proclaimed on the 28th of June, 1830, by the heralds of arms, attended l)y a squadron of the first Life Guards ; and the second regiment furnished His Majesty's guard of honour at St. James's Palace. His Majesty reviewed the second regiment of Life iuards on the 21st of July, mounted, in the Regent's Park barracks ; and afterwards on foot, in the barracks in Hyde Park, when the officers were singly and separately presented to their sovereign, and had the honour of kissing His Majesty's hand. The Queen, with tljcir Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Cumberh. >(i and Sus- sex, the Duke of Wellington, and many otiier distinguished personages, were present. Tlie King expressed his admirntion of the appearance and performances of the regiment ; and hs a mark of liis royal approbation, commanded die parole for the day, which iiad already been isi?ued, to be altered to * Cathcaut,' in honour of the colonel of the regiment, who commanch^d at this review. '* 2-22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1830 The two regiments of Life Guanls, with the royal regiment of hor&e guards, fourteenth light dragoons, six battalions of foot guards, and two troops of horse artillery, with two batteries of foot artillery, were reviewed by His Majesty in Hyde Park, on the 26th of July. On the '28th of July, the second regiment marched for Brighton, with a detachment to Chi- chester barracks ; and the first regiment pro- ceeded to the Hyde Park barracks. On the 3rd of August His Majesty reviewed the first Life Guards. Their Majesties arrived at Brighton on the 30th of August, and, this being their first visit to that favoured residence of royalty since their accession, their arrival was hailed with great public rejoicings, in which persons of all ranks and conditions appeared alike eager to manifest their loyalty and affection for their beloved sove- reign and his consort. The civil authorities met their Majesties without the town, and, forming a grand procession, conducted them, amidst the reiterated acclamations of an immense concourse of spectators, through a grand triumphal arch erected for the occasion, to the Royal Tuvilion, where a guard ol honour of the second Iwife Guards, conunanded by Colonel the Honourable E. P. iiVgvtn, was formed to receive their Majesties on their arrival. At night the town was bril- liantly illuminated, and many of the houses were decorated with transparencies and ap])ropriate devices. In the beginning of November the second regi- ment was suf, troop tur|>oral- 224 HISTORICAL RECORD OF o declare himself \\i brigade of cavalry, 1831 majors were adopted ; and one regimental quarter- master (a commissioned officer*), with seven privates, were added tf» the tablishment. On the 14th ox Jinmaiy His Majesty, King William IV,, was pl^ast-d ^ colonei-in-clii( f of liie liouse; > consistiiig of tl^e first and second regiments of Life (iuards, and the royal regiment of horse guards. His ]^fajesty also exjircss d irs most gracious in- tention of pre: enting to *.i!oh of the two regiments of LifV faiards a pa! of silver kettle-drums, and the second regiment received this distinguished mark of the sovereign's favour arid approbation on the morning of the 6th of May. About lialf-past ten o'clock the second regiment of Life Gu.irds, and the first battalion of the Cold- stream regiment of foot guards, were formed in line, in the Home Park, at Windsor, near the castle ; the foot guards being formed in the centre, and two squadrons of Life Guards on each flank. The grenadier company of the foot guards then proceeded to the castle, and returned with the drums, which were borne to the ground by four men of the second Life Guards, and placed be- tween the colours of the Coldstream guards. About eleven o'clock His Majesty, escorted by a guard of honour! of the Mtua) numbers (furnished * The quarter-maste s en the establishment at the first form- ation of the corps, were commissioned officers, but .'b-'y retired in 168'J. + His Majest; j..r the captain who commanded the guard of honour on ih'- ct-a i> the brevev rank of rsmjor. A junilar pro- motion was al.' ' -jceived i)y the captain who commanded His THE LIFE GUARDS. 00 fj in equal proportions by the first Life Guards and 1831 royal horse guards), and attended by a train of carriages, containing the Queen and other mem- bers of the royal family, arrived on the ground, and was received with the customary honours, amidst the acclamations of ', large concourse of spectators. The line then formed three sides of a square. His Majesty, with their Royal High- nesses the Dukes of Cumberland and Gloucester, and the Prince of Saxe Coburg (the present King ot the Belgians*), having quitted their carriages, entered the square on foot, and the guard of ho- nour formed the fourth side. The officers of the second Life Guards were, by the King's command, called to the centre of the square, and His Majesty then addressed Colonel the Honourable Edward P. Lygon, the lieutenant-colonel commanding, and other officers. Adverting to the origin of the corps at the Restoration, His Majesty traced its services both at home and abroad, from that period to the present day ; particularly noticing its bril- liant career during the late war, and adding, that he had received highly commendatory reports of the conduct of the regiment from the lord lieu- tenants of the several counties in which it had recently heen employed in the suppression of riots : then expressing the satisfaction which he felt in thus bestowing a special mark of his approbation Majesty's Ruard of lionour, when the King presented a pair of silver kettle-druras to the first regiment of Life Guards, on the •23d of July following. • 1839. m hi M 226 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1831 on so distinguished a corps, His Majesty presented the drums to the regiment, the troops saluting, and bands playing the national anthem. After the presentation, the troops resumed their original position in line, and marched past in slow and quick time ; at the conclusion of which His Ma- jesty and suite returned to the castle, and both regiments filed to their quarters. On the evening of the same day the officers of the regiment had the honour of dining with His Majesty at the castle. The entertainment took place in St. George's Hall. The silver kettle-drums and stand- ards of the second life Guards were decorated with laurel, and placed in the centre of the hall, inmie- diately behind the King's seat. The band of the regiment was stationed in one of the galleries, and played during the repast. The drums are constructed of fine silver, and are richly ornamented with royal and regimental de- vices of frosted silver, in high relief, with the name of the sovereign, the number and title of the regiment, and date of presentation on each drum. On the 27th of June the regiment was reviewed by his Serene Highness the Duke of Brunswick, in Windsor Park. ; The annual exchange of quarters took place on the J 4th of July, when the second regiment inarched to the cavalry barracks in the Regent's park, and the first regiment proceeded to Wind- »or. i)n the 23rd of July His Majesty was pL acd THE LIFE GUARDS. 227 to present a pair of silver kettle-drums to the first 1831 regiment of Life Guards, with the same distinc- tions and honours, and the same ceremony, as were observed on the presentation of the drums of the second regiment. On the 1st of August His Majesty, accom- panied by Her Majesty, and attended by a number of distinguished persons, opened the New London bridge ; when a squadron of Life Guards, con- sisting of one hundred rank and file, with a standard, escorted their Majesties from St. James's Palace to Somerset House, where they embarked on the Thames. The squadron remained at So- merset House until their Majesties' return, and then escorted them back to St. James's Palace. The coronation of the King and Queen took place on the 8th of September, and the military display was more than usually splendid. Their Majestii^i proceeded in stai-* from St. James's Palace to Westminster Hall, and tLe whole route of the jrocession was lined with ti oops, with their bandfc of music and standards : on His Majesty's appioach the diHerent corps saluted, the standards and colours tvere lowered, the bands played the national anthem, and the assembled multitudes rent the air with their acclamations. The Life Guards furnished the sove^-eign's guard of honour, aad escorts for the several i lembers of the royal family ; the remainder of the regiment was posted ' on the line of procession. On the following day the two regiments of Life Guards, the royal regiment of horse guards, second (Irigoon guai-ds, second (or royal north British) Q 2 V^ 228 HISTORICAL RECORD OF 1831 dragoons, and ninth lancers, were reviewed on Wonnwood Scrubs by His Serene Highness the Prince of Saxe Meiningen. 1832 The second regiment was reviewed in the bar- rack-yard by Count OrlofF, on the 5th of April, 1832. The annual change of quarters took place on the 6th of July, when the first Lite Guards ioturner^ to Regent's Perk, and the second to the Hyde Park barracks. 1833 The Duke of Orleans being on a short visit in England, the two regiments of Life Guards, se- venteenth lancers, the foot guards, and a detach- ment of artillery, were reviewed by His Royal Highness on the 17th of May, 1833, in Hyde Park. After completing their period of two years in the metropolis, the second Life Guards again marched to Windsor and its vicinity, on the 5th of July ; and the first regimen removed to the Hyde Park barracks. The anniversary of His Majesty's birth (21st August) was distinguished by a splendid f6te at Windsor Castle, given by the King to the princes, nobles, and ministers of the court ; to which many celebrated commanders, the field officers of the second Life Guards, &c., were invited ; and a d'smounted party of eighteen corporals, with the band of the regiment, attended at the castle. The corporals were posted, in compliance with His Majesty's directions, at appropriate stations, in St. George's Hall, and the band played in the orchestra. On the 26th the King reviewed the second THE LIFE GUARDS. 229 regiment in Windsor Park, when His Majesty, i833 addressing Colonel Lygon at the head of the re- giment, most graciously expressed, in the highest terms of praise, his perfect approbation of its ex- cellent appearance and correct manoeuvring in the held. After the review the regiment marched to the castle, and lodged its silver kettle-drums and standards, which were placed, with a detachment on foot, in St. George's Hall, during the enter- tainment in the evening, to which the officers were invited. On the following day the second regi- ment proceeded to Hounslow and Hampton Court barracks, and the seventeenth lancers to Windsor, preparatory to their review. Seven troops of the second Life Guards re- turned to the vicinity of Windsor on the 7th of September, and furnished a guard of honour for His Majesty at a review of the lancers in Windsor Park on the 9th ; and on the following day the whole resumed their former quarters. On the 10th of September a guard of honour, of the same strength as usually attends the British sovereign, met Her Majesty Donna Maria, Queen of Portugal, at Cranbourn Lodge, and escorted her to Windsor Castle, on a visit to their Majesties ; and on the 14th, when the Queen of Portugal was on her return to Portsmouth to embark for Lisbon, a guard of the fiarne strength escorted Her Ma- jesty from the castle to Bishopsgate, in Windsor Park. This year His Majesty was pleased to introduce a new grenadier cap and j)lume into regular wear, of a pattern similar to the one adopted in 1821, 230 HlSlOitlCAL RECORD OF 1833 but much lighter and with less urnainent. The King also changed the colour of the cloth trousers from claret mixture to dark blue, with a raised seam and double stripe of scarlet cloth down the outside of the leg. 1834 On the 19th of May, 1834, His Majesty, at- tended by his travelling escort of the second Life Guards, consisting of two non-commissioned ofl&- cers and twenty-foui* privates, accompanied by Her Majesty and a numerous suite, proceeded from Windsor Castle to Bagshot : their Majesties were received by a guard of honour of the regi- ment of the usual strength, with the royal stand- ard, and escorted to the Military College at Sand- hurst, where His Majesty reviewed the corps of gentlemen cadets, and inspected the interior of that establishment; and afterwards returned, at- tended by the guard of honour, to Bagshot, and from thence to Windsor Castle, by a travelling escort. On the 21 at of May the King inspected the second Life Guards in the barrack-yard, mounted in review order, when His Majesty was most gra- ciously pleased to express himself perfectly satis- fied with the appearance and every department of the regiment. On the 10th of July the second regiment marched from Windsor to the barracks in Re- gent's Park, and the first regiment proceeded to Windsor. 1835 The annual exchange of quarters in 1835 took place on the 2nd of July, when the first regiment marched to the Regent's Park, and the second to THE LIFE GUARDS. 'm the Hyde Park barracks. On the lOtli of Suly, 1935 His Majesty, accompanied by tlie Queen, and attended by a train of nobility and general offi- cers, reviewed both regiments of Life Guards, the royal regiment of horse guards, eighth hussars, and four battalions of foot guards, with a detach- ment of royal artillery, in Hyde Pai'k, and ex- pressed his approbation of their appearance and jnovements. In August thirty-eight non-commissioned offi- cers of the Life Guards proceeded to Windsor to attend an investiture of the Order of the Bath, in Windsor Castle, on the 29th of that month ; on which occasion they were posted in St. George's Hall, facing the windows, with their left near the throne. On the 1st of September the two regiments of Life Guards, the eighth hussars, three battalions of foot guards, and a train of artillery, were re- viewed in Hyde Park by His Royal Highness the Duke of Nemours. The 1st of January, 1836, brings this narrative 1836 to a conclusion. Although the ranks of the Life Guards are no longer completed with the sons of the higher classes aspiring to commissions, as for- merly, the regiments are recruited with men of good repute, — generally the sons of persons in a respectable sphere of life, by which means a pre- eminent stability and moral character are main- tained in the corps ; a quality requisite for the guards of the sovereign of the realm. This corps was originally constituted of men distinguished for loyalty and courage, so that it at once assumed 232 HISTORICAL RECORD, ETC. i836 a lofty position in the estimation of the country, which it has always preserved ; and its conduct has procured numerous testimonials of its sove- reign's favour and approbation. The capabilities of the brigade for services in which weight and physical power, as well as valour, are necessary, are eminently great ; and whatever may hereafter b« required of these regiments, the expectations of the nation will without doubt be realized. Each regiment consists of thirty-three officers and four hundred and four men. The average size of the men is above six feet ; that of the horses al>out sixteen hands. Recruits are re- ceived from every part of the United Kingdom, but the northern counties of England furnish the greatest proportion. I'i I Lift - GUARDS . 1636 j'#,, to S..I SUCCESSION OF COLONELS or THE LIFE GUARDS, FROM 1660. THE FIRST TROOP, MOW THE FIRST REGIMENT. Charlks, Lord Gerard, Appointed \7th May, 1C60. Charles Gerard received a military education on the continent, where he served as a volunteer in the reign of Charles I. with the British troops in the pay of the United Provinces, of which the third regiment of foot, or buffs, is the only remaining corps, and in his first essay in arms he gave presage of that intrepidity for which he was afterw.^ s distinguished. On the breaking out of the rebellion, in 1642, he returned to England, and joined the King at Shrewsbury, shortly after His Ma- jesty had erected the royal standard. During the sub- sequent (^ontest many of the nobility and gentry dis- played their loyalty and attachment to monarchical government by the most strenuous e' crtions among whom C'harles Gerard was one of the most zealous in the royal cause. He raised, at his own expense, a regiment of foot and a troop of horse for the King's service, and gave signal proofs of his valour and devo- tion to his king ij numerous engagements with the forces of parliament, panicularly at the battle of Kinc- ton, where he was severely wounded, — at the taking of m 2M SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. II I, lim Lichfield, — in the skirmish at Nottingham bridge, — in the first battle of Newbury, — and in the relief of New- ark ; on which occasions his ardent spirit frequently urged him forward to acts of the greatest heroism. He afterwards served as lieutenant-general, under Prince Rupert, in South Wales, and became famous for his victories at Cardiff, Kidwelly, and Carmarthen, and for his success in taking the castles of Cardigan, Emblin, Langhern, and Rock ; also for capturing the strong garrison of Haverford-West, with the castles of Pictou and Carew. On the 8th of November, 1645, he was raised to the peerage by the title of Lord Ge- rard, Baron of Brandon. After the death of King Charles L his lordship fled to the continei\t, where he held an appointment in the household of his exiled Prince. At the restoration, in IG60, he was appointed captain and colonel of the Life Guards ; and when that corps was divided into three distinct troops he continued to command the whole, and held the court appointment now styled Go/d Stick in Waiting until 1668, when he resigned '^-s commission, for a valuable consideration, to make a vacancy for the Duke of Monmouth. In 1678 Lord Gerard was appointed colonel of a rowly-raised regiment of horse, which was disbanded after the peace of Nimeguen; and he was subsequently created Earl of Macclksfield. In the reign of James 11., when a Jestutical faction had gained the ascendancy at court, the Earl of MaccU'sfield was committed to the Tower on a charge of treason ; but he lived to see the fall ol' Popery, and a Protestant Prince established on the throne. He dieu in 1693. .Iamks, Ditke of MoNMonTH. K.^T. Appointed \(jth Septfn'ier, \.f'A\H. James FiTZ-RoY, natural son of iving Charles If. by Mrs. Lucy Barlow, was l)orn ; * Rotitrdam on the '.UJi cl April, 16'iy ; and when the King proceeded to .'^ ot- SUCCUSSION OF COLONELS. 235 land he was committed to the charge of the Queen mother, under whose care he was educated at Paris, under the name of Mr. Crofts. After the Bestoration he assumed the surnauie of Fitz-Roy, and was created DuKK OF Monmouth, Viscount Doncaster, and Baron Tinedale, by letters-patent dated 14th February, 1663. Being tall, well-shaped, and of good natural abilities improved by education, he was distinguished for grace- fulness and gallantry, was the ornament and admira- tion of the court, and was beloved by his father. After his marriage with Anne, heiress of the Duke of Buccleuch, he took the sirname of Scott. On the 30th of June, 1666, he v/as appointed captain-com- mandant of an independent troop of cuirassiers ; and in 1668 His Majesty purchased for him the commis- sion of captain and colonel of the King's own troop of Life Guards, and shortly afterwards appointed him captain-general of the forces. On the breaking out of the war with Holland in 1672, a regiment of foot was raised for the service of the King of France, of which he was appoiiUed colonel ; and he possessed the pnvilegc of appointing the officers himself* He com- manded the British troops serving with the French army against the Dutch, and highly distinguished himself, particularly at the siege of Maestricht, in * The following cjiy of a commissio" givon by the Duke of Mon- moutli shows triii uumirous iipjiointinents i^uld by his grace: — " J\ME,s Di;r.K uv MoNMotTU AND Bicci KLCH, Kail of Doncaster and •' Dalkeith, Jiuina of ArKdule, Tindaie, ami Winchester, Lord Ui>;h '• Ohiimtu'Tlain of Scothmd, Uoveruui of the town of Kingston-miou-IIiill, " Ihimcellor ol the luiiversity ot Cambridge, Master of the Hoise to His " Majesty. (Initaiii of tiie Giuirds, one of t!ii» most honii"-able Privy " Council, Knighl of the Garter, Colonel of a regiment of foot in the " service ot tlie Must CI -ihtian King, &c. &c. &c. " Tlieie are to certify thnt i have ajipointed, and l>y the(>e presents do *• ajipoint, Mr. John Faiker 10 be caplain of a company of foot in my '• r^'gimeiit in the seivico of the Most Cb istian King, and aceoidiui^iy '' '-u is to take charge of the sai ' company, to keep in discipline and " ^ooil order the otiicerit and soldiers thereof, who are hereby required tu " obey him as their captnin, and he is to follow si.ch orders and diiec- •' lions as he shall from time to time receive from Ins superior officer .n " the Nuid nginuMit, according to the di-«ci|'line of var. " '!iiven iindei' my hand and seal at Whitehall this iHtli *lay of Mai.'h. liiZMi. " MoNMoUiu." ■';■;( p$ 236 SUCCESSION Ol' COLONELS. 1673. He also commanded the British troops scr^t to the Netherlands, to aid the Dutch, in 1678, and evinced signal gallantry at the battle of St. Denis. On the breaking out of the rebellion in Scotland, in 1679, he was appointed > tht chief command of the troops in the north: '. ; da signal victory over the covenanters at j * jll bridge on the 22nd of June, 1679 ; and the I-ing designed to appoint him commander-in-chief in Scotland. The humanity which he displayed towards the vanquished rebels was cen- sured by the high church party ; and, falling under the King s displeasure for his independent spirit and liberal principles, he was shortly afterwards removed from his commarjd«. The Duke of I.ionmouth espoused the Protestant interest at a time when the nation saw with apprehen- sion the prevalence of popish councils at court, and thus attained great popularity, which, with the circu- lation of a report that the King had been married to his mother, excited in the breast of his grace an ex- pectation of succeeding to the throne, tie was, how- ever, implicated in the Rye -house Plot, and he retired to Holland ; but on the decease of his father and the accession of his uncle James II.; in 1685, he returned to England with a few followers, raised the standard of i-ebellion, and proclaimed himself King. After his defeat at Sedgemoor he endeavoured to escape in the garb of a peasant, but was apprehended by a party of the Dorsetshire militia, and was beheaded on Tower hill on the 15th of July, 1685. Chklstopher, Dukk of Albemarle. Appointed "ISith November. 1679. Cjiristopjikr Monk, second Duke of Albemarle (son of the celebrated General George Monk, wlio was so censpicuously instrumental in the Rt.'storation), was a[)pointcd, in the spring of Ki/H, colonel of the SUCCKSSION OF COLONKLS, t>37 Queen's regiment of cuirassiers, a newly-raised corp». which was disbanded after the peace of Nimeguen. In the following year he was appointed captain and colonel of the King's own troop, and commander of the corps of Life Guards, on the removal of the Duke of Monmouth; which appointments he also held in the reign of James II.*; and he commanded the militia of the western counties during the rebellion in 1685. In August of the same year he resigned his commis- sion, and was appointed governor of Virginia, where he died in October, 1688, when the title became ex- tinct. Louis, Earl of Fevkrsham, K.G. Appointed 1st August, 1685. Louis Duras, Marquis of Blanquefort, brother to the Duke de Duras, and nephew to the celebrated French commander Marshal Turcnne, was naturalized in Eng- land in 1605. In tlie same year he accompanied the Duke of York, as a volunteer, in the armament against the Dutch ; and, in that desperate engagement at sea, fought in June, 1665, he behaved with ' such wonder- ful magnanimity and exemplary courage f,' that he was immediately afterwards appointed colonel of the Duke of York's troop of Life Guards (vacant by the death of the Etirl of Falmouth, who was killed in the same engagement), and advanced to the peerage, by the title of Baron of Holdenby. He commanded the scjuadron of Life Guards on foreign service in the years 1672 and 1673. In 1674 he served with the French army on the Rhine, and highly distinguished himself at the battle of Molsheim, where he had three horses killed under him|. In 1677 he succeeded to * Sec his commission at page 7 1 . t Duj^dale's Barunaf^e, 1 67;'). X Viffe the Historical Keconl of the First, or the Royal Rcpimeiil of Foot. 1 ■'■ H; ! ^^i 1 238 SUCCFSSION OF COLONELS. the title of Earl of Feversham. In 1685 he was appointed to the chief command of the King's army assembled to oppose the insurrection of the Duke of Monmouth, and gained a decisive victory over the rebels at Sedgemoor ; and in August following he was promoted to the colonelcy of the King's own troop of Life Guards, with the chief command of the corps. In the years 1686 and 1687 he was actively engaged in exercising the regiments encamped on Hounslow heath ; and the English army was at this period con- sidered the best disciplined in Europe. On one occa- sion, after a review. King James II. dined in the Earl of Feversham's tent, when, on a sudden, the sokliers in the camp began to shout and huzza: the Ki ; in- quired the cause of this extraordinary noise, and was answered, " Nothing, your Majesty, but the soldiers shouting because the bishops are acquitted." The King answered, with evident displeasure, " Call you that nothing ?" and broke up the camp, resolving to remodel the several corps by the dismissal of Protest- ants ard the introduction of Papists, as he had already done in Ireland. When the Prince of Orange landed, the command of the army was again intrusted to the Earl of Feversham ; and he proved faithful to his sovereign to the last. After the accession of King William III. he was not employed in any military capacity. He died in 1709, when the title became extinct. Richard, Earl of Scarborough, Appointed 2nd April, 1689. RiCHAiiD LuMLEY descended from a noble family of the name of Lulph, in the time of Edward the Con- fessor, and obtained the designation of Lumley from the castle of that name situate on the bank of the Wcare, in the bishopric of Durham. Possessing all the advantages of education at home and abroad, he ^*W»'J^ SUCCESSION OF COLONKI.S. 239 was, on his first setting out in the world, distinguished among the most polite men of the age ; and, his ar- dent mine' leading him to aspire to military fame, he purposed to have made his first essay in arms against the Moors in 1680, and he embarked on board the armament designed for the relief of Tangier, under the Earl of Mulgrave; but, this expedition being set aside, he returned to court, and was constituted master of the ho»*so to Queen Catherine, consort of Charles II. Having acquired the favour of the court, he was ad- vanced, on the 31st of May, 1681, to the peerage, by the *Itle of Baron of Lumley Castle. On the break- ing out of the rebellion in the summer of 1685, he raised un independent troop of horse for the service of King James II. ; and, being in command of a party of militia, he was instrumental, after the battle of Sedge- moor, in the capture of the Duke of Monmouth. His troop of horse was afterwards incorporated into a regi- ment (now the sixth dragoon guards), of which his lordship was appointed colonel. When the King's design to introduce papacy became apparent. Lord Lumley withdrew from the court and united with other noblemen in the invitation to the Prince of Orang'^ . and, when the arrangements were completed, his lonl^hip proceeded to the north with the Duke of Devopshirc and Earl of Danby, and by his interest and fiiOnds secured the important town of Newcastle, which declared for the Prince soon after his landing. Lord Lumley was also instrumental, by his interest and arguments in the house of lords, in procuring the elevation of the Prince and Princess of Orange to the thront. Immediately after this event he was sworn of the privy council, and declared one of the gentlemen of the King's bed-chambor : he was also appointed to the "ommand of His Majesty's own troop of Life Guards; and was advanced to the dignity of Vis- coi/NV LuMi.EY on the 10th of April, lOSU: on the 1 5th of April he was further advanced to the dignity 240 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. of Earl of Scarborough. He attended the King in Ireland, an. I «; rved at the head of his troop of Life Guards at the battle of the Boyne ; he also served under His Majesty in the Netherlands ; was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1692, and to that of lieut.-general in 1694. In 1699 he was removed from the Life Guards. He was a member of the X)rivy council in the reign of Queen Anne, and one of the commissioners to treat of the union between the two kingdoms of England and Scotland. On the accession of King George I. he was one of the peers intrusted with the government of the kingdom until His Ma- jesty arrived from Hanover. He died on the 17th of December, 1721. Arnold, Earl of Albemarle, K.G., Appointed 9th March, 1699. Arnold Joost van Keppel, Lord of Voorst, attended King William IlL into England, in the year 1688, in the capacity of page of honour. In 1692 he was ad- mitted to the knighthood of Zutphen, and afterwards into the knighthood of Holland and West Friesland ; and, having attended His Majesty in several cam- paigns, and evinced signal courage and fidelity, he was created Baron Ashford, Viscount Bury, and Earl OF Albemarle, in 1696. He was also promoted to the rank of major-general in the same year. On the removal of the Earl of Scarborough, the Earl of Albe- marle was appointed captain of the first troop of Life Guards ; in 1700 he was elected a Knight of the Garter; and in 1702 he was promoted to the rank of general in the Dutch army. In the reign of Queen Anne he served in the campaigns in Flanders, under the Duke of Marlborough ; was at the forcing of the French lines in 1705; at the battles of Rarailies and Oudenarde, and distinguished himself on several other occasions. He was a member of the nobles of Holland, SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 241 governor of Bois-le-Duc, colonel of a Dutch regiment of carabineers, and of a Swiss regiment of foot in the Dutch service. He died in May, 1718. Henry, Earl of Pohti.and, Appointed 26/ A July, 1710. He ^fminck succeeded to the title of Ep\\ -J Po 'he decease of his father in 1709: . ;*' ' foUi he was appointed captain and colonei of tile op of Life Guards, which the Earl of Albemarle ii signed to him for a valuable considera- tion ; and in July, 1713, he sold his commission for ten thousand pounds. He was created Duke of Portland in 1716; in 1721 he was appointed cap- tain-general and governor of Jamaica; and died at St. lago de la Vega, July the 4th, 1726. John, Lord Ashburnham, Appointed 7th Jvbj, 1713. Lord A-shburniiam succeeded the Duke of Ormond in the colonelcy of an Irish regiment of horse, which was raised by his grace in 1703 ; and when that regi ment was disbanded, in 1713, he purchased the colo- nelcy of the first troop of Life Guards, from which he was removed in 1715 by King George L In May, 1730, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl Ash- liURNHAM. He died on the 10th of March, 1737. John, Duke of Montague, K.G., ylppointed lOl/i Afai/, 1715. This nobleman entered the army in the reign of Queen Anne : he was appeinted colonel of the first troop of VAfc Guards in May, 1715, and resigned in 1721. He was re appointed in 17'^7, but was removed K '«8I tt'I it -i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % />.*^i^ ^ ^ 1.0 I.I ■tt Ui 12.2 Z 1^ 12.0 ^ IE Photographic Sciences Corporation 4^ ^ 4> O ^. <«^ v ai WMT MAIN tTMIT WnUTIi.N.V. MStO (7U)I73-4S03 ;\ 4 242 \i SUCCKS»ION OF COLONELS. in the same year ; and in 1 740 was appointed colonel of the Queen's regiment of horse, and constituted mas- ter-general of the ordnance. On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1745, he raised a regiment of cara- bineers and a regiment of foot, which were disbanded after the overthrow of the rebels at CuUoden. In I74i) his regiment of horse was constituted the second dragoon guards. He died July 16, 1749. Henry, Lord Herbert, Appointed '20th September, 1721. Henry Lord Heubert succeeded to the titles of Eari, OF Pembroke and Earl of Montgomery in January, 1733, and was removed from the Life Guards to the King's own regiment of horse (now first dragoon guards) in the same year. He resigned his regiment in 1743: he died in 1751. John, Lord Cutherlouoh, Appointed 4th Jufy, 17SS. John Fane entered the army in the reign of Wil- liam HL, and commanded a troop of horse : he also distinguished himself in the wars in the reign of Queen Anne, and was appointed lieut. -colonel of a regiment of foot in 1710. In 1715 he was appointed colonel of the thirty- seventh regiment of foot; and two years afterwards was removed to the first troop of horse grenadier guards. In 1733, His Majesty having expressed his intention to promote Colonel Fane to the colonelcy of the first troop of Life Guards, in order to make him eligible to that appointment he was created a peer, by the title of Lord Cuthcrlough, Baron Cutherlough in Ireland. Three years after- wards he succeeded to the title of Eaiu, of VVkst- mokeland; he died in 1762. ff' SUCCESSION OK COLONKLS. John, Duke of Montague, K.G., Re- appointed 2] xt June, 1737. •243 John, Lord De c.a Warr, K.B., Appointed 30th August, 1737. Lord Dk la Warr entered the army as guidon and major in the Life Guards on the 11th of April, 1715, and served many years in that corps. He was created a Knight of the Bath in 17'25. In the early part of 1737 he was constituted governor and captain- general of New York, but resigned that appointment on being promoted to the colonelcy of the first troop of Life Guards. He attended King George IL on the con- tinent, in 1743, and was at the battle of Dettingen. On the accession of George HI., J^ord De la Warr was created Viscount Cantelupc and Earl Dl<: la Warr. He died March 16, 1766. John, skcond Earl De la Waur, Appointed 21 xt Marr/i, 17G6. This nobleman, choosing a military life, rose gradu- ally to the rank of lieut. -colonel in his father's troop of Life Guards ; and in 1763 was appointed colonel of the first troop of horse grenadier guards. In I7fl6 he succeeded his father in the colonelcy of the lirst troop of Life Guards, and was appointed master ot the horse to the Queen in the same year. He died in 1777- William John, Marquis ok Lothian. K.T.. .. Appoiuti-d 12//i Dcnviber, 1777. William John Kkrk, Lord Ncwbattlc. was appointed cornet in the eleventh dragoons, ot which corps his father was coloiu'l, in 17.')4; and he soon rose to the R'J IfEf'F % 244 SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. rank of captain. In 1759 he was appointed major of the nineteenth dragoons ; in 1700 lieut. -colonel of the twelfth dragoons; in 1766 he was removed to the fourth horse (now seventh dragoon guards) ; and in 1771 he was appointed lieut. -colonel of the Scots troop of horse grenadier guards He succeeded to the title of Mahquis OF Lothian on the decease of his father in 1775, and was appointed colonel of the first troop of Life Guards in 1777. In 1788 his lordship's troop was formed into the First Regiment of Life Gvanh', but no alteration was made in the officers. During the indisposition of King George III. the Marquis of Lothian voted, on the important question of the re- gency, for the right of the Prince of Wales, and signed the protest on that subject ; and on His Majesty's re • covery he was removed from his command. In 1796 he was promoted to the rank of general; in 1798 he was appointed colonel of the eleventh regiment of dragoons ; and was removed to the Scots Greys in 1813. He died in 1815. > Joseph, Lord Dover, K.B., AppomtM 246 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS- THE SECOND TROOP, NOW THE SECOND REGIMENT Sir Philip Howard, Knight, .. ^ . Appointed in 1660. Philip Howard descended from Lord William How- ard, third son of Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk, and is the only commoner who has held the court appoint • ment of Gold Stick in Waiting. On the 25th of November, 1659, he was appointed captain of the par- liamentary troop of Life Guards, and having (with his elder brother, Sir Charles Howard, who was after- wards created Earl of Carlisle) been instrumental in the restoration of King Charles II., he was knighted by His Majesty on the 25th May, 1660, at Canterbury, where he had marched with his troop of Life Guards to meet the King on landing. When His Majesty had resolved to disband the whole of the parliamentary forces, including the old Life Guards, Sir Philip How- ard was appointed captain of the third troop of the King's Life Guards, the corps formed of cavalier gen- tlemen, and raised out of the wreck of tlie royal army. On the breaking out of hostilities with the Dutch in 1665, he served as a volunteer, commanding a troop of gentlemen volunteers on board the fleet, and was at- tended by several private gentlemen of the Life Guards, who were permitted to servo as volunteers in this armament. In the following year Sir Philip Howard, with his company of volunteers, highly distinguished thenmclves on an expedition within the Ulie, on the SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. 241 8th and 9th of August, when one hundred and sixty Dutch ships were burnt, and also the town of Bran- daris upon the island of Schelling. He was sent with information of this success to England, and arrived at London with despatches on the evening of the 1 4th of August. Pepys, secretary to the admiralty in this reign, in his memoirs, speaking of Sir Philip Howard, says, " He is one of the finest persons I ever saw." He died on the 2nd of February, 1685. i- i i * .J II: George, Duke of Northumbkrland, K.G. ' u4ppointed II th February, 1685. George Fitzroy, third natural son of Charles H., by Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland, was, in 1674, created Earl of Northumberland ; and eight years afterwards he was advanced to the title of Duke of Northum- berland. After the decease of Sir Philip Howard, King James H. appointed the Duke of Northumber- land captain and colonel of the Queen's troop of Life Guards ; from which he was removed by King William IH., in April, 1689 : but after the accession of Queen Anne, he was appointed colonel of the royal regiment of horse guards, and in January, 1712, was restored to the colonelcy of the second troop of Life Guards. He died June 28th, 1716, without male issue, and the title became extinct. i i James, Duke of Ormond, K.G. Appointed ISth April, L689 James Butler, son of the celebrated James, Earl of Ossory, one of the most accomplished and gallant no- bleuien of his time, entered the army at an early age, and was colonel of the Irish regiment of foot guards (a corps which adhered to James H. at the re- f 248 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. volution, fought in his cause in Ireland, and followed him to France). He succeeded, on the decease of his grandfather, in 1688, to the dignity of Duke op Or- MOND, and was one of the peers that signed the requi- sition to the Prince of Orange, soliciting his Highness to come to England to assist them in opposing the designs of a Jesuitical faction against the established laws and religion of the land. On the accession of William and Mary, the Duke of Ormond was ap- pointed colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, and elected a Knight of the Garter : at the same time he was removed from the colonelcy of the Irish foot guards by King James, who retained his authority in Ireland. In 1690 he accompanied King William to Ireland ; distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne ; and on the following day pursued the enemy with a body of cavalry, as far as Dublin, and gained possession of that city for King William. He subse- quently attended the King in his various campaigns in Flanders ; was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1692 ; behaved gallantly at the battle of Steenkirk ; and also at the battle of Landen^ where he commanded a brigade of heavy cavalry, and after repeatedly rally- ing the scattered troops, he charged at the head of a squadron of the Queen's regiment of horse (now first dragoon guards) into the midst of the enemy's ranks, performed incredible feats of valour, and at length, his horse being killed, and himself severely wounded^ he was taken prisoner, but was afterwards exchanged for the Duke of Berwick. In 1694 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and he commanded the English cavalry under King William until the peace of Ryswick. On the accession of Queen Anne, in 1702, the Duke of Ormond commanded an unsuccess- ful expedition against Cadiz ; and when on his return to England, he landed the troops near Vigo, stormed tlic redoubts, and took the batteries sword in hand. SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 249 while Sir George Rooke forced an entrance with the fleet, and ten ships of war, with eleven galleons, were captured. In 1703 the Duke of Ormond was ap- pointed lord lieutenant of Ireland, where his adminis- tration was universally applauded ; and in the same year he raised an Irish regiment of horse, to replace Harvey's regiment, (now second dragoon guards,) which was ordered to attend Archduke Charles of Austria, to Portugal, to aid him in his attempts to gain the throne of Spain. On the removal of the Duke of Marlborough from his command of the army, the Duke of Ormond was appointed captain-general of her Majesty's forces, colonel of the first regiment of foot guards, and commander of the British troops in the Netherlands ; but when at the head of the army in Flanders, in 1712, he received orders from the Queen to separate the troops under his command from the confederates, and proclaim a suspension of hosti- lities between the English and French. For obeying these orders, he was, after the decease of Her Majesty, impeached for high treason, and having proceeded to France, an act of attainder for high treason was passed against him, which was never afterwards repealed. He subsequently engaged in the interest of the Pre- tender; and in 1719 he commanded an expedition, which was fitted out in Spain, for the invasion of Britain ; but the fleet was dispersed and di v.Med by a storm. He remained in exile, and died ai Viadrid in 1745, at the advanced age of 94. ,, , . , - * •*' George, Duke of Northumbkrland, K.G. ■ " "^^ Re- appointed Ath January, \7V2. '' II Algernon, Earl OF Hertford, ylj)poiuted Sth February, 1715. ALGiiKNON Skymour, Earl of Hertford, eldest son of 250 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. the Duke of Somerset, served in Flanders, under the Duke of Marlborough, and was at the battles of Oude- narde and Malplaquet, and at the sieges of Lisle, Tournay, and Mons. In October, 1709, he was ap- pointed colonel of the fifteenth regiment of foot; he served the campaigns of 1710, 1711 and 1712, in Flan- ders, and was appointed governor of Tinmouth castle and Clifford fort. On the accession of George I., he was removed to the second troop of Life Guards. In 1737 the Earl of Hertford was made governor of Minorca; and in 1740 he was removed from the Life Guards to the royal regiment of horse guards. In 1 742 he resigned the government of Minorca, and was appointed governor of the island of Guernsey. He succeeded to the title of Duke of Somerset in 174S ; and died in February, 1750. f; v =-^s^. ■ * Chakles, Duke OF Marlborough, K.G., . ! Appointed 6M May, 1740. Charles Spencer, fourth Earl of Sunderland, suc- ceeded to the title of Duke of Marlborough, on the decease of Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough, the daughter of the celebrated John, Duke of Marlborough, in 1733. In 1738 his grace was appointed colonel of the thirty-eighth regiment of foot ; in 1739 he was re- moved to the first royal dragoons ; and the following year to the second troop of Life Guards. In February, 1742, the Duke of Marlborough was removed to the colonelcy of the second regiment of foot guards, and commanded the brigade of foot guards at the battle of Dettingen. In - 756 he was constituted master-general of the ordnance. Having been appointed to the com- mand of an expedition sent, in 1758, into the territories of France, the Duke of Marlborough landed his troops in the bay of Cancalle in Brittany ; advanced to St. Maloes, — burnt the enemy's naval stores at that place, SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 251 and destroyed upwards oi' 100 vessels in the harbour; and then returned to England. After his return, his grace was appointed to the command of the British troops in Germany ; where he died in October of the same year (1758). f CuARLKs, Lord Cadooan, ' ' ' Appointed 25t/i Jpril, 1742. Charles Cadggan entered the army in 1706, and served in Flanders under the celebrated John, Duke of Marlborough. He was a member of parliament for the borough of Reading, and also for Newport in South- amptonshire. In 1715 he was appointed captain and lieut.- colonel in the second foot guards; and in 1719 he purchased the colonelcy of the King's Own regi- ment. He succeeded, on the decease of his brother, the celebrated William, Earl Cadogan, in 1726, to the dignity of Lord Cadogan, Baron of Oakley; and in 1734 he was removed to the Inniskillen dragoons. In 1739 he was promoted to the rank of maj or- general : in 1742 he was appointed colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of Gold Stick ; and in 1745 he was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general. The govern- ment of Sheerness was conferred upon his lordship in 1749, that of Gravesend and Tilbury in 1752, and in 1761 he was promoted to the rank of general. His lordship was a fellow of the Royal Society, and one of the trustees of the British Museum. He died in 1776. Lord Robert Bkrtie. Appointed 2nd October, 1776. Loud Robert Bertie, son of the Duke of Ancaster, was appointed colonel of the seventh royal fusilcers in ;^ n. i •252 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 1754; and was in the engagement with the French fleet off the island of Minorca, in 1756. He was ap- pointed colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, in 1776 ; and held that commission until his death, which took place March 10th, 1782. > Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, K.B., Appointed 20th March, 1782. Sir Jeffrey Amherst attached himself in early life to the profession of arms; and in 1745 he was ap- pointed captain and lieut. -colonel in the first foot guards. In 1756 he was promoted to the colonelcy of the fifteenth regiment of foot, and in 1758 to colonel- in-chief of thesixtieth regiment. After serving six years in Canada, he was appointed governor and com- mander-in-chief in North America ; and the achieve- ments of the British forces, during his continuance in that country, are inscribed on an obelisk in the grounds at his seat of Montreal, viz. : — LouisBOURo surrendered, and six battalions made prisoners of war, July the 26th, 17r)8. Fort du Quesne taken possession of 24th Novem- ber, 1758. Niagara surrendered 25th July, 1759. Ticonderoga taken possession of 26th July, 1759. Crown Point taken possession of 4th August, 1759. Quebec capitulated 18th September, 1759. Fort Levi surrendered 25th August, 1760. Isle ou Noix abandoned 28th of August, 1760. Montreal surrendered and with it all Canada, and ten French battalions laid down their arms, 8th Sep- tember, 1760. St. John's, Newfoundland, re-taken the 1 8th of September, 1762. In 1768 Sir Jeffrey Amherst resigned his commis- sions ; but was soon afterwards appointed colonel of SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. •253 the third re^mcnt of foot, and also re-appointcd colonel-in-chief of the sixtieth, or royal American regi- ment of foot. He was advanced to the peerage by the title of Baron Amherst of Holmesdale, in the county of Kent, in 1776; and three years afterwards the colonelcy of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards was given to his lordship. On the decease of Lord Robert Bertie, in 1782, Lord Amherst was ap- pointed colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, which, in 1788, was formed into the Second Regiment of Life Guards. His Lordship retained the commis- sion of colonel of the second Life Guards, and per- formed the court duty of Gold Stick until his decease, in 17U7. William, Earl Cathcart, K.T., Appointed 7th August, 1797. Earl Cathcart, who has distinguished himself as a general and commander, and has also rendered im- portant services to the crown as a plenipotentiary, is the present colonel of the second regiment of Life Guards. , ' - '' iU Antwerp, Damme, Bruges, and Courtray : in the mean time Ostcnd, Menin, Dendermond, and Aeth were taken, — places which had icsistcd the greatest generals for months,— for years: — provinces disputed for ages were the conquests of a summer. So great was the re putation of the armies of the allies, and of their distin- guished commander, that, throughout the campaign of 1 707, the enemy avoided a general engagement : but in the following summer a gallant French army, led by the princes of the blood, was overcome at Oudenarde New armies and new generals appeared; but the career of Marlborough could not be stopped. The bar- riers of France on the side of the Low Countries, the work of half a century, were attacked A numerous French army were spectators of the fall of Lisle, — the bulwark of their barriers. Every campaign added new conquests. Tournay was taken. The French army, posted near Malplaquet, in a position covered by thick woods — defended by treble intrenchments — was at- tacked. The battle was bloody ; — the event decisive. The woods were pierced The fortifications were trampled down. The enemy fled. After this victory Mons was taken ; and, in the two succeeding years, Douay, Bethune, Aire, St. Vcnant, Bouchain, allunder- went the same fate. Nothing availed against a gene- ral whose sagacity foresaw everything, whose vigilance attended to everything, whose constancy no labour could subdue, whose courage no danger could dismay, and whose intuitive glance always caught the decisive moment and insured victory ; while the discipline he maintained and the confidence he inspired were equi- valent to an army. The ambitious Louis XIV. saw his generals overmatched, — his armies beaten and dispi- s 2 t, ; P • 'ill 260 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. rited, — his possessions wrested from him, — the barriers of his kingdom trampled down, and a powerful army ready to carry the horrors of war into the heart of his kingdom. The disasters of ten campaigns having proved that Marlborough was invincible, the King of France sued for peace. The din and calamities of war were succeeded by the smile of plenty, tranquillity, and enjoyment: but, for some political cause, the gallant Marlborough was di- vested of all his offices dependent on the British crown. Continuing a stedfast adherent to the protestant suc- cession, he retired to the continent until the accession of George I., and was then replaced in his former posts, in which he continued until his decease in 1722. His unremitting exertions to inculcate the principles of order and discipline ; his discernment in bringing merit into notice, his impartiality, and a series of glorious victories by which he upheld the national honour, and proved himself a valuable servant of the crown and kingdom, occasioned his memory to be deeply engraved on the hearts of the brave men who had fought under his command. /;. James, Duke of Berwick, Appointed 20th November, 1688. James Fitz-James, natural son of King James II., by Miss Arabella Churchill, was created Duke of Berwick in 1687. In the same year his grace had the com- mand of an Austrian regiment of cuirassiers, and served in the Imperial army against the Turks. He was also appointed colonel of the Princess Anne's regiment (now the eighth foot) ; and on his return to England he was made governor of Portsmouth. In the spring of 16S8 he obtained the colonelcy of the royal regiment of horse guards ; and when Lord Churchill joined the Prince of Orange, the Duke of Berwick was promoted to the command of the third troop of Life Guards. He ac- companied King James II. in his flight to France ; SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 261 and in the following year attended him to Ireland, and was appointed colonel of a troop of Irish Life Guards. From this period the Duke of Berwick was constantly engaged in hostility to his country : yet he appears to have acted from principle, and to have become a truly great man. In April, 1689, he signalized himself in an affair with King William's troops at Cladisford : was afterwards engaged in the siege of Londonderry ; and subsequently defeated some Inniskillen militia at Donegal, where he obtained a considerable booty of cattle. In July of the same year he defeated another party of militia near Trelick. In 1690 he was engaged at the battle of the Boyne ; and in the defence of Li- merick ; but returned to France in the following spring. In 1691 he accompanied Louis XIV. into Flanders, — was employed in the siege of Mons, — and in the attack upon the allies near Catoir. In the following year he was at the battle of Steenkirk ; and in 1693 he was appointed lieut.-gencral in the French army, and was at the battle of Landen. In the latter engagement he led a French corps to the charge with great gallantry ; but advancing too far into the English lines, his retreat was cut off: he then pulled the white cockade out of his hat, drew the brim over his face, and endeavoured to pass through the army unobserved. But his uncle, Brigadier-General Churchill, recognizing the person of the Duke's aide-de-camp, was induced to look round for the principal, whom he soon discovered and made prisoner. The Duke of Berwick, after having been exchanged for the Duke of Ormond, served with the French army in the subsequent campaigns in Flanders, until the peace of Ryswick ; and was frequently engaged in operations of importance. On the 4th of May, 1GU8, he was appointed colonel of an Irish n^giment in the French service. On the breaking out of the war, in the reign of Queen Anne, he served the two first cam- paigns in the Nelherlands; and in 1704 was sent with i \ '■i 262 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. eighteen battalions of infantry, and nineteen squadrons of cavalry, into Spain, where he received the appoint- ment of captain -general of the Spanish forces. In his operations against the army of Portugal, he had the most distinguished success. By great perseverance he was enabled to advance before the Portuguese were prepared to take the field ; and, from his skilful ope- rations, Salvatierra and Castello-Branco were taken ; — the castles of Segura, Rosmarines, and Mont- Santo were delivered up ; — two Dutch battalions were made prisoners near Formosa ; — Portalegre was taken by storm ; — Castel-de-Vide and Marvao surrendered ; but at the end of the campaign the Duke of Berwick was recalled to France, and the reason assigned was — He is a devil of an Englishman, who will have his own way. In 1 705 he commanded in Languedoc ; where he crushed the rebellion of the Camisards, which was partly of a religious character, and such cruelties were practised by both sides, that the bare recital of them is calculated to cause humanity to shudder. At the close of the cam- paign he took the city of Nice. In February, 1706, he was advanced to the rank of a marshal of France, and again sent into Spain ; where he displayed extraordi- nary talents in manoeuvring a few troops so as to retard the advance of a large army. After receiving rein- forcements from France, Marshal Berwick was enabled to act on the offensive, and, having regained a consi- derable portion of territory, he concluded the campaign by taking Garthagena. On Easter Monday, in 1707, he was attacked near Almanza by the allied English, Dutch, and Portuguese armies, commanded by the Marquis las Minas and the Earl of Galway, over whom he gained a complete victory : near 5,000 men were killed ; whole battalions of English were taken prisoners ; 120 colours and standards, all the artil- lery, and most of the baggage, fell into the hands of the French. Such was the result of an engagement in SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS. 263 vrhich an Englishman commanded the French, and a Frenchman the English army ; and it has been asserted, that the slaughter of tiie English on this occasion would have been much greater, but for the attachment of Marshal Berwick to his countrymen. After this vic- tory Requena and Cuen§a were taken ; Saragossa sur- rendered ; all Arragon submitted ; Xativa was carried by storm, the city reduced to ruins, and the few inha- bitants who survived were exiled for their resistance. Alcire, Mirabet, and Monzon subsequently surren- dered ; Valencia was taken possession of; and this successful campaign was concluded by the taking of Lerida. The King of Spain, to reward such distin- guished skill and bravery, erected the towns of Liria and Xerica, with their dependencies, into a dukedom, which he gave to Marshal Berwick, with the title of grandee of the first class. In 1708 Marshal Berwick served in the Low Countries. In the following year he commanded in Provence and Dauphiny, and the great ability with which he covered that frontier was rewarded by the gift of the territory of Warty, and a dukedom in France. In the four subsequent years he commanded on the frontiers of Italy with great success ; and in 1714 he was sent to besiege Barcelona, which he took by storm. For several years after the resto- ration of peace the Duke of Berwick commanded in Guyenne ; and in 1719 he led a French army against Spain with his usual success. He subsequently led a very retired life until the year 1733, when he was called upon to command the French army on the Rhine ; and in the following year he was killed by a cannon-ball at the siege of Philipsburg. From him descended the two noble families of Duke of Liria and Xerica in Spain, and of Duke Fitz- James in France. i i I i i H ■III John, Earl of Marlborough, Re-appointed 1a7 April, 1689. 1 1 ^^4 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - • • ' Richard, Viscount Colchester, Appointed 2Srd January , \6^2. When King James II. raised the 4th (English) troop of Life Guards, in 1686, Lord Colchester obtained the commission of lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel. He was one of the first officers who joined the Prince of Orange, in 1688, and was appointed colonel of the fourth regiment of horse (now third dragoon guards). He attended King William in Ireland, was at the battle of the Boyne, at the siege of Limerick, and while leading the storming party at the siege of Cork, the Duke of Grafton was killed at his side. In 1692 his Lordship was removed to the third troop of Life Guards, and at- tended King William in his several campaigns in Flanders. Lord Colchester succeeded to the title of Earl Rivers, in 1694; and in the reign of Queen Anne served on the continent, under the Duke of Marlborough. In 1706 he commanded an expedition designed to make a descent on the French coast : but having been delayed by contrary winds, he proceeded with the troops to Spain. He was appointed to the royal regiment of horse guards, in 1712; and died in the same year. Charles, Earl of Arran, Appointed 2nd March, 1703. This nobleman descended from the illustrious family of Butler, so renowned in past ages for the many valiant and loyal persons it has produced. He was the second son of the celebrated Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, and grandson of the celebrated James,, Jirst Duke of Ormond. Having served under King Wil- liam III. in Ireland and Flanders, where he evinced the same martial spirit and private virtues which had adorned his ancestors, he was elevated to the peerage of Ireland in January, 1693, by the titles of Baron of Cloghgrenan in the Queen's county, Viscount of Tullo SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 265 in the county of Cutherlough, and Earl of the island of Arran in the county of Galway : he was also, at the same time, created an English peer by the title of Lord Butler, of Weston, in the county of Huntingdon. On the 16th of February, 1694, he was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of horse (which was disbanded at the peace of Ryswick) ; and in the summer of 1697 he purchased the colonelcy of the sixth HORSE, now fifth dragoon guards. In March, 170.3, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the third troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of Gold Stick in Waiting to Queen Anne : in 171*2 Her Majesty constituted him master- general of the ordnance in Ireland ; and in the following year appointed him governor of Dover Castle, and deputy warden of the Cinque Ports. Soon after the accession of King George I. his Lordship was elected chancellor of the University of Oxford. After the im- peachment of his brother James, second Duke of Or- mond, for high treason, the Earl of Arran quitted the army. In February, 1716, he was constituted lord high steward of Westminster ; and in 1721 he was per- mitted, by an act of parliament, to purchase his bro- ther's forfeited estates. He died on the 17th Decem- ber, 1 758, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. George, Lord Newburgh, Appointed 8th February, 1715. George Cholmondeley entered the army in 1685, and the following year he was appointed captain in the Queen's regiment of horse (now 1st dragoon guards). After the Revolution in 168S, he obtained the com- mission of lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel in the first troop of Life Guards, and commanded the Horse Grenadier Guards at the battles of liie Boyne and Steenkirk. In 1693 the latter corps was embodied into 266 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. a troop, and Lieiitenant-Colonel Cholniondeley was appointed its captain and colonel : he was at the head of his troop during the whole of King William's cam- paigns in Flanders. In 1715 he was created Baron Newburgh, and appointed colonel of the third troop of life Guards. In 1725 he succeeded to the title of Earl of Cuolmomdeley ; and died in 1733. William- Annk, Earl of Albemarlk, K.B. Appointed 5th June, 1733. In 1717 this nobleman was captain of a company in the first regiment of foot guards ; and in 1731 he ob- tained the colonelcy of the twenty-ninth regiment of foot. Two years afterwards he was promoted to the command of the third troop of Life Guards. In 1743 he served in Germany under King George 11.^ and led his troop of Life Guards to the charge at the battle of Dettingen with great gallantry. In the following year he was removed to the first foot guards; and in 1745 signalized himself at the battle of Fontenoy. The Earl of Albemarle commanded the right wing of the royal army at the battle of Culloden, in 1746: in the following year he commanded a division of infantry at the battle of Vail ; and was subsequently ambassador at the French court, where he died in 1754. James, Lord Tyrawley, Appointed 25th April, 1745. The Hon. James O'Hara was appointed lieutenant in the royal regiment of fusiliers, commanded by his father, on the 15th of March, 1703; ar>» \-\ I/Of! he pro- ceeded with his regiment to the relief ' f IS » ' .t. In the following year he served on the StaH' oi the army in Spain, and was wounded at the battle of Almanza, where, it is said, he was instrumental in saving the Earl of Galway's life. He served several years at Minorca ; SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. •267 1( I and, in 17 13, obtained I he colonelcy of the royal fusiliers, in succession to his father, at whose decease, in 1 733, he succeeded to the dignity of Haron Tyrawley. The rank of brigadier-geneiai was conferrrd on his lordship on the 23rd of November, 1735 that of major-general on the 2nd of July, 1739 ; and in August of the latter year he was removed from the royal fusiliers to the FIFTH HOKSK, now fourth dragoon guards. In March, 1743, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant- general; and in the following month obtained the colo- nelcy of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards^ from which he was removed, in 1745, to the third troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of Gold Stick. In 1746, when King George 11. had resolved to disband the third and fourth troops of Life Guards, his lordship was re- moved to the tenth foot : he was again removed, in 1749, to the fourteenth dragoons ; in 1752, to the third dragoons ; and in 1755, to the second, or Cold- stream regiment of foot guards. He was appointed governor of Portsmouth on the 1st of May, 1759, and was promoted to the rank of general on the 7th of March, 1761. He held the appointment of governor of Minorca for several years ; and was employed as envoy and ambassador to the courts of Portugal and Russia. He died at Twickenham on the 13th of July, 1773. a \ 1 1! 268 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. FOURTH OR SCOTS TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS, DISBANDED 25th OF DECEMBER, 1746. James, Earl of Newburgh, Appointed 3l.vf December, 1660. Sir James Levingston, Baronet, attaching himself to the royal cause during the rebelHon in the reign of King Charles I., was, in 1647, created Viscount New- burgh. In 1650, Cromwell discovered that Lord New- burgh was corresponding with his exiled sovereign, and gave directions for his apprehension ; but his lordship escaped to the continent, and continued to attend on King Charles 11. until the restoration, when this faith- ful adherent to the royal cause was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Newburgh, and appointed to the command of the Scots troop of Life Guards; which he held until his decease, in December, 1670. He left behind him the character of having been one of the finest gentlemen of the age in which he lived, of un- tainted principles of loyalty and honour. John, Earl of At hole, K.T., Appointed 28M January, 1671. In the beginning of the troubles in the reigr) of King Charles I. John Murray, Earl of Atholc. raised two thousand men for His Majesty's service ; but died in 1()4"2, leaving his son a mere boy. John, second Earl of Atholc, when in the eighteenth year of his a^e, took up arms in the royal cause, repaired to the King's standard set up by the lOarl of Giencuirn in lOr);}, with two thousand men, and had Kt'verul iMicounters SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 269 with Cromwcirs forces in the north of Scotland. After the restoration, the Earl of Athole was sworn a privy councillor; in 1671 he was appointed captain and colonel of the Scots troop of Life Guards ; and in Feb- ruary, 1670, he was created Marquis of Athole. In 1685 he was employed in suppressing the rebellion of tlic Earl of Argyle ; and was elected Knight of the Thistle in 1687. He died in 1703. James, Marquis of Montrose, JippolrAed 26th October, 1678. James, Lord Graham, succeeded to the title of Mar- quis of Montrose in 1669; and on the resignation of the Marquis of Athole was appointed captain and colo- nel of the Scots troop of Life Guards. His Lordship died on the 26th of April, 1684. George, Lord Livingston, /tppointed \st May, 1684. On the decease of the Marquis of Montrose, the colo- nelcy of the Scots troop of Life Guards was given to Lord Li.:ngston ; who held that appointment until his decease in 1088. James, Earl of DRUMLA^ rig. Appointed 3 Is/ December, 1688. TiiK Earl of Drumlanrig, choosing the profession of arms, rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Slots regiment of horse, commanded by Viscount Dun- dee (since disbanded), and at the revolution in 1088 was advanced to the colonelcy of the Scots troop of Life Guards. In 1690 he commanded a body of troops against the Highlanders, who had taken arms in favour of the late King .lames. In lG9j he suc- 1 ^;i 270 SUCCKSSION OF COLONKLS, ceeded to the title of Dukk of Queknsbury ; when he retired from the army ; and was afterwards made lord privy seal, and subsequently lord hii>h commissioner of Scotland. After performing many important services to the crown, he was created a peer of Great Britain by the title of Dukk of Dover on the 26th May, 1708 ; and died on the 6th of July, 1711. Archibald, Earl of Argylk, Appointed 25th May, 1696. ArchibaldCampuell, son of Archibald, Earl of Argylc, who was beheaded in the reign of James II. for his o])position to Popery, accompanied the Prince of Orange to England in 1688, took an active part in the revolu- tion, and was immediately acknowledged as Earl of Argyle. He attended King William III. in his cam- paigns in Flanders, and was accompanied by a regi- ment, almost all, both officers and n^en, of his own name and family. In 1696 he was aiipointed colonel of the Scots troop of Life Guards : in 1 70 1 he was advanced to the dignity of Duke of Argyle, and died in 1703. John, Duke of Argyle, K.T. and KG., Appointed 29//* September, 1703. The Duke of Argyle entered the army at an early age. and in 169 1 he was colonel of a regiment of foot in the service of the States-General of Holland, at the head of which corps he served under King William III. in the Netherlands, and alter the peace of Ryswick he was elected a Knight of the Thistle. On the break- ing out of the war in the reign of Queen Anne, he was appointed colonel of a newly-raised regiment of foot, (afterwards disbanded,) and in 1703 he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Scots troo]) of Life Guards. In the following year he was constituted a brigndier-gene- /■ SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS. 271 ral : he highly distinguished himself in 1 706 at the battle of Ramilies, also at the sieges of Ostend and Menin : he was promoted to the rank of major-general in the same year ; and in February, 1707, he obtained the colonelcy of the th i kd foot. He commanded twenty battalions of infantry at the battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and his conduct greatly contributed to the gain- ing of that victory : he also assisted at the sieges of Lisle and Ghent ; and was piomoted to the rank of lieut.-gencral on the 1st of January, 1709. In the succeeding campaign, he commanded as lieut.-gene- ral at the siege of Tournay, where he was wounded ; and he afterwards highly signalized himself at the battle of Malplaquct. After the campaign of 1710, he was elected a knight of the Garter ; and in February, 1711, he was promoted to the rank of general, and appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in Spain, when he disposed of the colonelcy of the third foot. He immediately proceeded to Spain, and as- sumed the command of the British troops in Catalonia ; but he was soon afterwards obliged to quit the field in consequence of ill health. In August, 1712, he was appointed viceroy ot the islands of Majorca and Mi- norca, and governor of Port Mahon. After his return he was appointed commander-in-chief in Scotland, and governor of Edinburgh Tastlc, but joining the opposi- tion to the ministry, I.e was removed from his com- mands. On the accession of King George I., he was again appointed commanderin chief in Scotland; also governor of Minorca; and in 1715 he obtained the colonelcy of the royal regiment of horse guards. His great military talents were soon afterwards evinced in the suppression of the rebellion of the Earl of Mar : but he again joined the opposition, and was dismissed from his cotnniands. He was, however, restored to his Majesty's favour in 171'>. and was appointed high steward of thehouseliold, and created Di'Ki ok Ghkkn- wiciH. He subsequently held, at different periods, the ■ ' wk m 272 SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS, appointments of master-general of the ordnance, the colonelcy of the Queen's horse, now second dragoon guards, the government of Portsmouth, and the colo- nelcy of the royal horse guards, and was promoted to the rank of field-marsha^ in 1 735. He, however, joined the opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, and was consequently dismissed from his appointments; but on the change of the ministry in 1 742, he was re-ap- pointed colonel of the blues : he, however, resigned a few days afterwards, and died in 1743. John, Earl of Dundonald, Appointed Wth January, l7l^' This nobleman succeeded the Duke of Argyle in the command of the fourth, or Scots, troop of Life Guards; which he resigned in 1719, and died in the following year. Gkorge, Lord Forrester, Appointed 2\st April, 1719. Lord Forrester served with reputation iii the wars of Queen Anne under the Duke of Marlborough, and was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the twenty- sixth or Cameronians, at the head of which corps he served during the rebellion of 1715, and was wounded in the action at Preston. In January, 1716, he was ap- pointed colonel of the thirtieth regiment of foot ; was removed to the Scots troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in the following year; and in April, 1719, to the Scots troop of Life Guards, which he held until his decease in 1 727. Richard, Viscount SHA^NON, Appointed *dlli March, 1727. Viscount Shannon, descended from tiic noble family SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS. 273 of Boyle, Earls of Cork and Orrery, and was the son of Francis, first Viscount Shannon, at whose decease he succeeded to that title. After the revolution he attached himself to the suite of James, Duke of Or- mond, and served as a volunteer at the battle of the Boyne in 1690, also at the battle of Landen in 1693, where his grace was wounded and taken prisoner. He was appointed sub-brigadier and cornet in the second troop (now second regiment) of Life Guards, on the I6th of February, 1694. and served the three succeeding campaigns under King William III. in the Netherlands. In 1697, he was yjromoted to the commission of cornet and major; and in February, 1702, he was removed from the life guards and promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of marines. He was appointed to the command of the grenadier brigade in the ex- pedition to Cadiz under the Duke of Ormond ; he dis- tinguished himself in the operations near that city, also evinced signal gallantry in storming the forts near Vigo, and his gallant behaviour induced the Duke of Ormond to send him to England with the welcome news of the capture and destruction of the enemy's shipping. On the 2'>th of August, 1704, he was pro- moted to the rank of brigadier-general, in 1707 to that of major-general, and in 1702 to that of lieut. -general ; and he was one of the commissioners appointed to in- spect and regulate the clothing of the ari.iy. After the peace oi" Utrecht his regiment of marines was dis- banded, and in January, 1715, he was appointed colonel of the twenty-fifth regiment of foot. In 1720 he was constituted commander-in-chief in Ireland; in 1721 he was one of the lords justices of that kingdom, and obtained the colonelcy of the c.vuaijinkirs in the same year. On the 9th of March, 17-7. he was removed to the colonelcy of the fourth, or Scots, troop of Life (luards. which gave him the privilege of taking the court duly of (»oId Stick. In I7'^5 he was promoted to 274 SUCCESSION OF COLONF.LS. the rank of general, and on the 2nd of January, 1739, to that of field-marshal. He was a member of the privy council in the reigns of George I. and George II., was distinguished by a most aifable deportment, and being signally endowed with many amiable qualities and virtues, his decease, which occurred on the 20th of December, 1740, was generally lamented. Francis, Earl of Effingham, Appointed 25th December, 1740. Francis, Lord Howakd, rose to the rank of lieutenant- colonel in the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, in 1731, and was advanced to the title of Earl of Effingham in the same year. He was appointed colonel of the twentieth regiment of foot in 1732 ; and, five years afterwards, he was removed to the colonelcy of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In December, 1740, the Earl of Effingham was appointed colonel of the fourth, or Scots, troop of Life Guards. He died in 1743. John, Earl of Crawford, Appointed \st April, 1743. LoR*^ John Lindsay, succeeded to the title of Earl OF Crawford, in 1713, when in the twelfth year of his age : and he soon became celebrated for skill in horse- manship, dexterity in fencing, and the accomplishments of a courtier and a gentleman. He was captain of a troop in the Scots greys in 1 726, and in the seventh dra- goons in 1732, and was elected one of the sixteen re- presentative peers of Scotland in the same year. In February, 1734, he was apj)ointcd captain-lieutenant in the first foot guards ; and in October following cu])- tain and lieiit. -colonel in the third foot guards. Being SUCCKSSION OF < OI.ONKLS. •275 desirous of acquiring a practical knowledge of his profession, he served as a volunteer in the Imperial army on the Rhine in 1735, and was at the battle of Claussen. In 1738 he proceeded to Russia and served under Marshal Munich against the Turks, and signal- ized himself on several occasions. He afterwards joined the Imperialists near Belgrade ; and at the battle of Kratzka,on the 22nd July, 1739, he fought at the head of Palfi's cuirassiers, had his horse killed under him, and was wounded in the thigh, from the effects of which he was never afterwards free. In 1739 he was appointed colonel of the forty-second regiment of foot, which was formed in that year from several independent compa- nies in the highlands of Scotland ; he was promoted to the Scots troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in 1740, and was removed in 1 743 to the fourth troop of Life Guards. The Earl of Crawford commanded the bri- gade of Life Guards at the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy ; on which occasions he displayed great judg- ment and courage. In the early part of 1746 his lord- ship served against the rebels in Scotland, and secured Stirling, Perth, and other passes into the lowlands, while the Duke of Cumberland pursued the insurgents towards Inverness. In December, 1746, the third and fourth troops of Life Guards were embodied into the first and second troops ; and in the following spring his lordship was appointed colonel of the second or royal North British dragoons. He commanded the second line of cavalry at the battle of Roncoux on the 1 1th October, 1746 ; and commanded a brigade in the Netherlands in 1747 and 1748. He died in December, 1749. I ' 4 T 2 276 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. THE SECOND SCOTS TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS, DISBANOKD IN 1668. John, Earl of Rothes, Appointed in 1663. John Leslie succeeded, on the death of his father in 1641, to the title of Earl of Kothes. Being then in the eleventh year of his age, he was too young to take an active part during the civil war in the reign of Charles I. ; but he remained attached to the royal cause, and in 1651 he was appointed colonel of two regiments of horse levied in Fife for the king's service. Accompanying the royal army into England, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester on the 3rd of September, 1651 ; but was liberated in 1655. He subsequently suffered imprisonment and sequestra- tion for his devotion to the royal cause ; and after the Restoration he was rewardedwith the appointments of president of the council and one of the extraordinary lords of the session in Scotland. In 1663 he was ap- pointed his majesty's high commissioner to the parlia- ment which met at Edinburgh in that year, at the same time he was appointed captain and colonel of the second Scots troop of Life Guards, which was raised on that occasion. His troop of Life Guards was dis- banded after the conclusion of the Dutch war. In 1680 his lordship was advanced to the dignity of Duke of Rothes ; and died in the following year. SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 277 FOURTH ENGLISH TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS. DISBANDED 7tH OF JANUARY, 1689. Henry, Lord Dover, n Appointed lit Jufy,l&S6. In the spring f 1685, Henry Jermyn, brother to Lord Jermyn, and nephew to the Earl of St. Alban's, was created Baron of Dover, in the county of Kent ; and in the month of June he was appointed colonel of a newly- raised regiment of horse, which was disbanded in the following year, when his lordship obtained the colonelcy of the fourth troop of Life Guards, then first embodied. At the revolution, in 1688, LordDover adhered to king James II., and his troop of Life Guards was disbanded. His Lordship afterwards left the country. He com- manded a troop of Life Guards in King James's army in Ireland, and was at the battle of the Boyne ; but afterwards applied to King William for a pass to pro- ceed to the Netherlands. Previous to obtaining the pass he fell into the hands of King William at the taking of Waterford ; but was kindly treated and per- mitted to proceed with his family to Flanders. He died in April, 1 708, when the title became extinct. 278 SUCCESSION OK COLONELS. THE DUTCH TROOP OF LIFE GUARDS, WHICH WAS SENT BACK TO HoLLAND IN MaRCH, 1699. Henry, Count of Nassau, Seigneur d'Auverquekque, 1689. Henry d'Auverquerque was a distinguished officer in the Dutch service, and at the battle of St. Denis on the 14th of August, 1678, he saved the life of the Prince of Orange, for which he was thanked by the States Ge- neral and presented with a valuable sword.* He was one of the Dutch generals that attended the Prince of Orange into England at the Revolution in 1668 ; and his troop of Life Guards was placed on English pay in the following year. General d'Auverquerque was an able commander, and he distinguished himself m all King William's warsf. But after the peace of Rys- wick the presence of the Dutch Guards about the court did not prove agreeable to the nation. The King, how- ever, retained them in his service until parliament passed an act restricting the troops in English pay to His Majesty's natural-born subjects. The King sent a message to the house of commo\^?j requesting that some arrangement might be made to enable him to re- tain one regiment. Parliament did not acquiesce; and all tiie Dutch guards were sent back to Holland in March, 1699. General d'Auverquerquc commanded the Dutch army under the Duke of Marlborough, and was promoted to the dignity of marshal. He was dis- tinguished for military talent, personal bravery, and zeal for the interest of his native country, and for the Protestant cause. He died at the head of the Dutch army, in his quarters at Rouselaer,on the 18th of Octo- ber, 1708. * Vide tho Historical Record of the Fit'th Foot, or Northumberland Fiisilcors. f In the hititories ttl' Kin^ \\ illiiim'ij wars, this otticer in frtiqueutiy calli'il Gutierul Overkirk. SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. FIRST TROOP OF HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS, EMBODIED IN 1693, AND DISBANDED ON 25tH JuNE, 1*788. The Honourable George Cholmondeley, Appointed 4th October, 1693, and removed to the third troop of Life Guards in 1 7 1 5. Richard, Viscount Lumley, K.G., * Appointed Sth February, \715. Shortly after the accession of King George I. to the throne, Richard, Viscount Lumley, second son of Rich- ard, (first) Earl of Scarborough, was constituted master of the horse to his Majesty, and colonel of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In 1721 his Lord- ship succeeded to the title of Earl of Scarborough ; and in the following year he was removed to the com- mand of the Coldstream Guards. In June, 1724, he was elected one of the knights companions of the most noble order of the Garter; and was installed at Wind- sor in the following month. His Lordship died on the 29thof January, 1740. The Honourable John Fane, Appointed llth December, 1717, and removed to the first troop of Life Guards in 1733. Sir Robert Rich, Baronet, Appointed 7th August, 1733. Sir Robert Rich entered the army in 1700, and gave such signal proofs of his courage and skill in the wars in the reign of Queen Anne, that, on the 24th of Octo- ber, 1709, he was advanced to the command of a regi- ment of foot. At the peace of Utrecht his regiment 280 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. was disbanded, and he remained for some time unem- ployed ; but being distinguished for his loyalty and steady attachment to the Protestant succession, he was commissioned to raise, in the summer of 1715, a regi- ment of dragoons, which was instrumental in suppress- ing the rebellion which broke out in that year ; but in 1718 it was disbanded. The services of Sir Robert Rich were, however, not forgotten : he was appointed one of the grooms of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales (afterwards George 11.) ; and on the 19th of November, 1722, King George 1. appointed him colonel of the thirteenth dragoons ; from which he was removed, in September, 1725, to the eighth dragoons; and on the 1st of January, 1731, to the seventh horse, now sixth dragoon guards. He was again removed in 1733 to the lirst troop of horse grenadier guards ; and in 1 735 to the fourth dragoons. He was a member of par- liament, and governor of Chelsea hospital ; and died in 1768. Sia Charles Hotham, Baronet, Appointed \?>th May, 1735. Sir Charles Hotham served on the continent under the great Duke of Marlborough ; and, in 1706, had the command of a company in a newly -raised regiment of foot. In 1732 he was appointed to the command of the eighteenth foot ; and three years afterwards he was removed to the colonelcy of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, which he retained until his decease on the loth of January, 1738. James Dormer, Appointed lOM February, 1738. James Dormer entered the army in 1701, and served as colonel and brigadier-general under the celebrated SliCCESSlON OF COLONELS. t>8l John, Duke of Marlborough. After the death of Lord Mohun, who was killed in a duel by the Duke of Hamil- ton in 1712, Brigadier- General Dormer was appointed colonel of his lordship's regiment of foot, which was disbanded in the following year. In the summer of 1715 King George I. commissioned Brigadier-General Dormer to raise, form, and discipline a regiment of dragoons (now the fourteenth light dragoons) ; from which he was remo ^ed in 1720 to the colonelcy of the sixth foot ; and in 1738 he obtained the colonelcy of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, the com- mand of which troop he retained until his death in December, 1742. KicHARD, Viscount CoBHAM, Appointed 25th of Decemhery 1742. Sir Richard Temple served under King William in the Netherlands, and on the breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of foot, which was disbanded at the peace of Utrecht. He served under the great Duke of Marlborough, and was conspicuous for a noble bearing, a greatness of soul, andaconteaij^.t of danger, which he exhibited in a signal manner at the sieges of Venloo and Ruremonde, at the battle of Oudenarde, and at the siege of the important fortress of Lisle. In January, 1709, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and his conduct at the siege of Tournay, the sanguinary battle of Malplaquet, and siege of Mons, was rewarded^ in the following year, with the rank of lieutenant-general and the colonelcy of the fourth dragoons. He served under the Duke of Marlborough in 1711, and had the honour of taking part in the forcing of the French lines at Arleux, and the capture of the strong fortress of Bouchain. After the change in the ministry and the adoption of a new n I 28-2 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. system of policy by the court, the well-known attach- ment of this officer to the Protestant succession occa- sioned him to be removed from his regiment ; but on the accession of King George I. he was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron of Cobham, and in 1715 he was appointed colonel of the royal dragoons. In 1 7 17 he was appointed governor of Windsor castle ; in 1718 he was advanced to the dignity of Viscount Cobham ; and in 17*21 he was removed to the King's horse, now first dragoon guards. He was also one of the privy council, and governor of the island of Jersey ; but re- signed his appointments in 1733. On the change of the ministry in 1742 he was promoted to the rank of field-marshal, and in December of the same year King George II. conferred upon him the colonelcy of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In 1744 he was removed to the sixth horse, now fifth dragoon guards, and in 1745 to the tenth dragoons, the colonelcy of which corps he retained until his decease on the 13th of September, 1749. Richard Onslow, appointed 'Ibth Jpril, 1745. Richard Onslow entered the army in 1716, and rose to the rank of colonel in 1733. In November, 1738, he was appointed to the command of the thirty-ninth regi- ment of foot ; two months afterwards he was removed to the eighth regiment of foot ; and obtained the com- mand of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in 1745, which he retained until his decease in 1760. Thomas, Earl of Kffinoham, AppoiutM ?tOth of Ot'tohn; 1760. l/)RD Thomas Howard succeeded to the title of Earl o^' Effingham in February. 1743. and obtained the coni- SUCCKSSION OF COLON KLS. 283 mission of lieutenant-colonel of the second troop of Life Guards, on the 11th of April following. In 1749 he was appointed one of His Majesty's aides-de-camp, and in 1745 obtained the colonelcy of the thirty-fourth regiment of foot. In January, 1758, his Lordship ob- tained the rank of major-general ; and in 1760 he was removed to the colonelcy of the first troop of Horse Grenpdier Guards. The Earl of Effingham died No- vember 19th, 1763. James, Viscount Cantilupe, Appointed 21 st November, 1763; and removed to the first troop of' Life Oiiards in 1766. John, Lord Howard, K.B., Appointed '2\xt March, 1766. John Griffin, Lord Howard of Walden, having distinguished himself in the Seven years' war in Ger- many in the capacity of a brigadier-general, was, in 1761, promoted to i\.>. rank of major-general, and was created one of the knights of the most honourable order of the Bath. Five years afterwards his Lordship was appointed colonel of the first troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, which commission he retained until the Horse Grenadier Guards were discontinued on the establish- ment of the army on the *25th June, 1688. His Lord- ship afterwards rose to the rank of field-marshal ; and died May the '25th, 1797. 4i 284 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. SECOND, OR SCOTS, TROOP OF HORSE GRENADIER GUARDS, RAISED IN 1702, AND DISBANDED IN 1788. William Lord Forbes, Appointed V2th May, 1702. Lord Forbes was one of the privy council and cap- tain of a troop of hoise in the reign of King William III., who promoted him to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Scots troop of Life Guards. On the accession of Queen Anne to the throne, his Lordship was commis- sioned to raise a troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in Scotland ; which troop was subsequently attached to the Scots Life Guards Two years afterwards he was removed from the Horse Grenadier Guards ; and died in 1716. John, Earl of Crawford, Aj'po'nted 4th May, 1704. The Earl of Crawford, choosing a military life, served in the wars in Ireland and Flanders in the reign of King William III., and rose to the rank of colonel in the army 23rd of April, 1694. In 1702 his Lordship was one of the privy council of Queen Anne ; in 1703 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier- general ; and in the following year obtained the colonelcy of the Scots Horse Grenadier Guards, an a])])ointinent which he retained until his demise in December, 17 l<^. George. Earl Marischal. jtpjioln led ^)t/i JdiiiKiry. 1711 Georok. Lord Keith, entered tlieanny in I7(>2 served SUCCESSl N OF COLONELS. 285 with distinction in the wars in the reign of Queen Anne, and rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1712 his lordship succeeded to the title of Earl Maris- CHAL ; and two years afterwards obtained the colonelcy of the Scots troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. On the accession of George I. Earl Marischal was removed from his command, and, joining the rebellion with the Earl of Mar, his estates and honours were forfeited by act of attainder in 171fi. He escaped to the continent ; but returned to Scotland in 1719, with the Spanish troops. After their defeat he escaped a second time ; resided a short period in Spain ; but eventually pro- ceeded to Prussia, where he gained the friendship of Frederick HI., who appointed him ambassador to the court of France, and afterwards to that of Spain, invested him with the order of the Black Eagle, and gave him the government of Neufchatel. While in Spain he discovered the family compact of the princes of the house of Bourbon, which he communicated to Mr. Pitt; and a pardon was granted him bv George n., on the 29th May, 17')9. He proceeded to Scot- land, where he proposed to have resided the remain- der of his life ; but at the urgent request of the king of Prussia he returned to that country, where he died in 1778. Hknry, Karl of Dki.oraink K.B., Apj.ointcd \st Jinte, 1715. Loud Hi:nry Scott, third son of .James, Duke of Mon- mouth and Anne, Ducliess of Buccleuch, obtained a commission in the army in the reign of William HI.; he served with reputation in the reign of Queen Anne, obtained the command of one of the newly- raised regiments of foot in 1704 ; und on the 29th of March, I70G. he was created Maron Scott of (loldiclands, Vis- count Hermitage, ami Kari of Dkiouaink. He sup- 286 SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS. ported the treaty of union between England and Scot- land, and other measures of the court ; in 1715 he was chosen one of the sixteen representatives of the Scottish peerage ; and was rechosen in 1722, and again in 1727. His regiment having been disbanded at the peace of Utrecht, he was appointed, on the 1st of June, 1715, colonel of the second, or Scots, troop of Horse Grena- dier Guards, which he held two years. In 1724 he obtained the colonelcy of the sixteenth foot ; he was in- vested with the order of the Bath on its revival in 1 725 ; and promoted to the rank of major-general in 1726. He was removed to the seventh horse, now sixth dra- goon guards, or carabineers in July, 1730 ; and died on the 25th of December following. George, Lokd Forkestkr, /Ippomted I7th Jvly, 1717; ond removed to the fot(rth troop of Life Guards in 1719. The Honourable Henry Berkeley, . Appointed 2 1 st April, 1719. The Honourable Henry Berkeley, third son of Charles (second), Earl of Berkeley, was page of honour to the Duke of Gloucester, and subsequently to Queen Anne. In 1709 he entered the army ; in June, 1717, he was appointed first commissioner for executing the office of master of the horse to George I.; and in De- cember following he obtained the colonelcy of the fourth regiment of foot ; from which he was removed, two years afterwards, to the command of the Scots troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. He died in 17''6. Francis, Earl of Effingham, Ip/mnted 21.v/ June, 1737, and removed to the fovrtli troop of Life Guards in 1740. succession of colonels. James, Earl of Crawford, 287 Appointed '25th December, 1740, and removed to the fourth troop of Life Guards in 1743. James, Lord Tyrawley, yippoinfed \xt April, 1743, and removed to the third troop of Life Guards in 1745. John, Earl of Rothes, K.T., Appointed 25th April, 1745. Lord John Lesley commanded a troop of dragoons in 1715; was appointed captain and lieut.-coloncl in the foot guards in 1717, and lieut.-colonel of the twenty- first foot in 1719. He succeeded to the title of Karl of Rothes, and was appointed governor of Stirling cas- tle in 1 y^i ; and ten years afterwards he was appointed to the command of the twenty-fifth regiment of foot ; from which he was removed, in April, 1745, to the colo- nelcy of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; but was appointed to the sixth dragoons in May of the same year. His Lordship obtained the command of the second dragoons (Greys) in 1750 ; was subsequently elected a Knight of the Thistle; and in 1752 lie was removed to the command of the third regiment of foot guards. He died on the 10th of December, 1767. William, Earl of Harrington, Appointed blh Jane, 1745. Viscount Petersham entered the army at an early age. and served in the campaign of 1745, as captain and lieutenant-colonel of a company in the first regiment of foot guards. Having behaved with great gallantry at the battle of Fontenoy. 30th of April, 1745 (O.S.), 288 SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. His Majesty was pleased to constitute him captain and colonel of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. His Lordship was appointed major-general on the '24th of February, 1755 ; and succeeded to the title of Earl OF Harrington on the 8th December, 1756. In Ja- nuary, 1758, he was advanced to the rank of lieutenant- general ; and on the 30th of April, 1770, to that of ge- neral. He died on the 1st of April, 1779. Jeffrey, Lord Am HEKST, K.B., Apponitcd 2\st j4prU, 1779; and removed to the second troop of Life Guards in 1782. His Royal Highnkss Prince Frederick, Duke of ,, York AND Albany, Appointed 23rd March, 17S2. ' Prince Frederick, second son of His most gracious Majesty, King George III., was invested with the en- signs of the most honourable order of the Bath on the 30th of December, 1767, and was elected a companion of the most noble order of the Garter on the 19th of June, 1771. From his earliest years His Royal High- ness was destined for the profession of arms: in 1780 he was appointed to the rank of colonel in the army, and in the same year he proceeded to the continent, and made excursions to various parts of Germany, especially to Berlin, to acquire a knowledge of the theory and practice of the continental armies, particu- larly of the Prussian tactics, at that period considered the most perfect in Europe. In 1782 His Royal Highness was appointed colonel of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; and on the -7ih October. 1 784, he was removed to the command of the Coldstream regiment of foot guards. His Royal Highness was created Dukk ok York and Albany in Great Britain, SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 289 and Earl of Ulster in Ireland, on the 27th of No- vember, 1784. Hostilities having commenced against France in 1 793, His Royal Highness proceeded to the Netherlands in the month of March of that year, having been ap- pointed to the command of an army of British, Hano- verian and Hessian troops, in which he continued until November, 1794. During this period His Royal High- ness had an honourable and brilliant share in the suc- cesses of the allied armies under the Prince of Coburg and the Emperor Francis, of which his corps formed part. Valenciennes surrendered to him in July, 1793 ; and the corps under his immediate orders gained a de- cisive victory over General Chapuy on the 26th April, 1794. These successes were chequered and followed by reverses, which occasioned the separation of His Royal Highness's army from the Austrians, the retreat through Holland, and the final abandonment of that country, which could not be maintained against the superior numbers of the enemy and the disaffection of the people. In February, 1795, His Majesty was graciously pleased to appoint the Duke of York to the situation of Commander-in-Chief of the army ; an office, at that time, not less important than it had become arduous from the deplorable effects of the inefficiency and abuse which prevailed in every branch and department of the military service. His Royal Highness undertook the duties of thif situation with a firm determination to correct the irregularities which had crept into the ad- ministration of the army ; and the zeal and indefatigable attention with which he persevered in this difficult task were equalled only by the judgment which directed his labours, and which prompted him to proceed with moderation and caution in the attainment of his object. The necessity of checking evil and abuse occasioned u 290 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. the enforcement of regulations which had been neglected, and the establishment of others which were indispensable to the general welfare of the service. In the discharge of this duty His Royal Highness endea- voured to avoid all just cause of complaint ; at the same time his watchful attention was given to the inte- rests of the old and deserving officer, and to the com- fort of the soldier, as the means of placing the army upon a footing of efficiency and respectability, which should conduce to the security and to the honour of the country.* In September, 1799, the Duke of York was called from the immediate duties of his official situation at home to assume the command of an expedition, the objects of which were twofold: the recovery of the Dutch provinces, in which, and particularly in North Holland, it was supposed there existed a strong party in favour of the House of Orange, and a powerful diversion in favour of the Austrians, who were then, with the aid of subsidies from England, making vigor- ous efforts in Switzerland to check the further progress of the French arms. Preparations were made in the summer of 1799 for this enterprise. On the 15th August the first division of the expedition, consisting of about 12,000 men, under the orders of Lieut. -General Sir Ralph Abercromby, es- corted by a considerable naval armament under Admiral Mitchell, put to sea, and after many difficulties and much obstruction from extremely turbulent weather and adverse winds, the British army succeeded in effecting a landing on the northern coast of Holland, in spite of the vigorous opposition which it experienced from a corps which General Daendels had assembled; and, having established itself in the neighbourhood of the Holder, its next exploit was, in conjunction with the Royal Military Calendar, 1820. SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 291 navy, the capture of the Dutch fleet, consisting of twenty-four vessels-of-war and four Indiamen. His Royal Highness the Duke of York landed at the Holder on the lath September, and assumed the command of the army, which consisted of forty-six bat- talions and ten squadrons, amounting to 33,000 men, including the Russian Auxiliaries. Various reasons combined to induce His Royal Highness to proceed without delay to offensive operations; and on the 19th September he made a general attack upon the exten- sive position occupied by the enemy. The army advanced in four columns ; the first con- sisting chiefly of Russian troops, under Lieut. -General Hermann ; the second commanded by Lieut.-General David Dundas ; the third commanded by Lieut.-Gene- ral Sir James Pulteney ; and the fourth by Lieut.- General Sir Ralph Abercromby. The first operations of the several columns were successful ; but the hopes which a brilliant commence- ment afforded of a general and decisive success were destroyed by the conduct of the Russian troops under General Hermann, whose hasty valour caused them to overlook every precaution which the art of war pre- scribes, and led to their being surrounded in the village of Bergen, and finally repulsed with considerable loss, Lieut.-General Hermann being among the prisoners taken.* The Duke of York having been joined by some detachments from England, and by a third division of Russians, under General Emme, determined to make another attack upon the French army. This action which took place on the 2nd October, proved successful, and was attended with the capture of Alkmaar and the retreat of the enemy to the position of Bever- wyck. * I'liitfil Service Jourral, No. 66, May, 1834. v2 292 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. Another action was fought on the 6th October, and was brought on by the advanced posts, which, being supported, produced a severe contest in the line from Limmen to the sea, in which the greater portions of the contending armies were engaged with much obstinacy, and with alternate success, until late in the evening, when the enemy were driven back to their position, and the allies remained in possession of Bac- cum, and also of Castricum, which the enemy had occu- pied previous to the action. The losses sustained by both parties in these engage- ments were very severe, and, although the Duke of York's army had repulsed the enemy and maintained every post which it had occupied early on the 6th, yet the loss incurred rendered its effects equivalent to a defeat. The enemy's means were hourly increasing, and the Duke of York no longer possessed that supe- riority of force which was indispensable to the mainte- nance of offensive warfare. The state of the roads and the consequent difficulty of bringing up provisions and ammunition, the advanced period of the season, and the unfavourable position, as a defensive one, which the army then occupied, added to the disappointment of the expectation of '^n insurrection of the Dutch peo- ple, rendered it very evident that no further movement in advance, nor a continuance on the ground then oc- cupied, presented that prospect of advantage which would balance the risk attending them. His Royal Highness was therefore induced, by the advice of Sir Ralph Abercromby and the other Lieut. -Generals, to abandon an enterprise of which the increasing dangers were not compensated by any probability of success. These considerations and the indispensable duty of preserving the brave troops to their country, when no object could be attained by incurring further risk or loss, induced His Royal Highness to o])en a ne- gotiation with General Brune, who commanded the French army; and it was agreed that the Brilisli SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 293 forces should evacuate Holland by the end of No- vember. Upon his return to England the Duke of York again directed his time and attention to the amelioration of the military system. Each successive year afforded fresh proofs of the benefits arising from his unabated exertions. By the many wise regulations established by His Royal Highness, the British army in a few years presented a model of excellence to every other nation ; by his persevering assiduity the military capa- bilities of the empire were developed, and the British people, whom Napoleon Bonaparte at one time sneer- ingly termed '• a nation of shopkeepers," proved, under Providence, by the exploits of their gallant army and navy, and by persevering efforts ably directed in either hemisphere, — on the shores of Egypt, — in the penin- sula of Spain and Portugal, — and, ultimately, on the glorious field of Waterloo, — the means of rescuing Europe from the thraldom which the ambition of the Fiench nation and its unprincipled leader had so long imposed. . The Duke of York held the chief command of the army upwards of thirty years ; his liberality and kind- ness of heart, and his readiness at all times to pay attention to the application of the officer, of the widow, and even of the private soldier, when properly brought before him, had gained him the title of " The Soldier's- Friend," and had deeply engraved the memory of His Royal Highness on the hearts of the brave men who had fought the battles of their country. His Royal Highness, after a severe illness of some months' duration, which engaged the sympathies of all classes of people, died on the 7th of January, 1827, and was buried at Windsor on the 20th of that month. On the 22nd January a general order was issued to the army, of which the following is an extract : — ' The last duties having been paid to the remains of 294 SUCCESSION OK COLON KLS. His Royal Highness the Duke of York, the late Com- mander-in-Chief, the King deems it right to convey to the army an expression of the melancholy satisfac- tion which His Majesty derives from the deep feeling of grief manifested by every class of the military pro- fession, in common with his people at large, under the great calamity Avith which it has pleased the Almighty to afflict the Nation and His Majesty, — a calamity which has deprived the Crown of one of its most valu- able and distinguished servants, and His Majesty of a beloved and affectionate brother. ' The King does not think it necessary to dwell upon the pre-eminent merits of the late Duke of York : His Majesty knows that they are impressed upon the minds, and engraven on the hearts, of His Majesty's soldiers. His Majesty desires it may merely be ob- served, that the able administration of the command held by His late Royal Highness for a long course of years, — his assiduous attention to the welfare of the soldier, — his unremitting exertions to inculcate the true principles of order and discipline, — his discern- ment in bringing merit to the notice of the Crown, — and the just impartiality with which he upheld the honour of the service, — have combined to produce results that identify the army, as a profession, with the glory and prosperity of this great country, and which will cause his virtues and services to live in the grateful remembrance of the latest posterity.' Hugh, Earl Percy, Appointed 1st November, 1784. Eakl Percy entered the army at an early age, and was first engaged in actual warfare under the Duke of Brunswick during the seven years' war i Germany. He obtained the rank of captain and 1 itenant-co- lonel in the first foot guards, on the 17lli of April, SUCCESSION OF COLONKLS. 295 17G2 ; and was promoted, on the 7th of November, 1768, to the colonelcy of the fifth foot, the command of which corps he retained nearly sixteen years, display- ing, during that period, such distinguished military vir- tues, with a kind liberality, and a constancy of atten- tion to, and interest in, the welfare and credit of the regiment, as endeared his name in the grateful remem- brance of the officers and men. His lordship com- manded a brigade in America, and distinguished him- self in the retreat from Lexington to Boston, and in the storming of Fort Washington near New York. In 1784 he was promoted to the colonelcy of the second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards ; and succeeded, in 1786, to the dignity of Duke of Northumberland. In 1788 tlio second troop of Horse Grenadier Guards was incorporated in the second regiment of Life Guards ; and in 1806 his grace was appointed to the colonelcy of the royal regiment of horse guards, which he re- signed in 1812. The decease of this respected noble- man occurred in 1817. ( 29G ) BRITISH AND HANOVERIAN ARMY AT WATERLOO, As formed in Divisions and Brigades on the I8th June, 1815 CAVALRY. Commanded by Lieut.-Gen. the Earl of Uxbkidge, G.C.B. 1st Brigade. — Commanded by Major-Gen. Lord Edward Somekset, K.C.B. Ist Life Guards . . 2d „ . . . Royal Hors^ Guards, Blue Ist Dragoon Guards . . Lieut.-Col. Ferrier. Lieut.-Col. the Hon. E. P. Lygon. Lieut.-Col. Sir Robert Hill. Lieut.-Col. Fuller (Colonel). 2d Brigade. — Major-Gen. Sir William Ponsonby, K.C.B. Ist, or Royal Draj^oons . . . 2d, (or Royal N. B.) Urap;uons , Glh, or Inniskilkn Dragoons . Lieut.-Col. A. B. Clifton. Lieut.-Col. J. J. Hamilton. Lieut.-Col. J. Muter (Colonel). 3d Brigade. — Major-Gen. W. B. Domberg. 23d Light Dragoons . . Ist „ K.GL. 2d Lieut.-Col. the Earl orPortarlinglun(l'ol.). Lieut.-Col. J. Bulow. Lieut.-Col. C. de Jonquiera. 4th Brigade. — Major Gen. Sir John O. Vandelkur, K.C.B. llth Light Dragoons . 12th „ . . IGth ., . . Lieut.-Col. J. \V. Sleigh. Lieut.-Cul. the Hon. F. C. Ponsonby (Colonel). Lieut.-Col. J. tluy. blh Brigade. — Miijor-Gcn. SirCoLQunouN Grant, K.C.B. 7th Husxars . . . I5th ,. . • . '2d „ K.O.L.. Col. Sir Edward Kcrrisun. Lieut-t'olonel L. (!. Dulrymple. Lieut.-Col. Linsingen. 6/// flnV/arff.— Major-Gen. Sir Hussey Vivian, K.C.U. 1 0th Royal Hussars 18th Hussars . . Ist ,. K.G.L. Lieut.-Cul. Quentin (Colonel). Lieut.-Cul. the Hun. H. Muiray. Lieut.-Cul. A. Wisscll. ARMY AT WATERLOO. 297 Vh Brigade.— Cohiael Sir Fred. Arenschildt, K.C.B. 1 3th Lisht Dragoons I Lieut.-Col. P. Doherty. 3(1 Hussars, K.G.L | Lieut.-Col. Meyer. Colonel EsTORFF. Prince Regent's Hussars Bremen & Verden • • ■ t • • • • Lieut.- Col. Kielmansegge. Colonel Busche. f/' INFANTRY. First Division. , Major-Gen. G. Cooke. 1st Brigade.— Maior-Gen. P. Maitland. I st Foot Guards, 2d Battalion . 3d „ Major H. Askew (Colonel). Major the Hon. W. Stewart (Colonel). 2d Brigade.— Ma]or-Gen. J. Byng. Coldstream Guards, 'Jd Battalion I Major A. G. Woodford (Colonel). 3d Guards ., | Major F. Hepburn (Colonel). Second Division. Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. Clinton, G.C.B. 3d Brigade.— M&]or-Gen. F. Adam. fi'ind Foot, Ist Battalion . 7l8t ), •• 95th „ 2d „ Rifles .• 3d . I Lieut.-Col. Sir J. Colborne, K.C.B. (Col.> . ! Lieut.-Col. T. Reynell (Colonel). . I Mojor J. RohS (Lieut.-Col.) . I Major A. O. Norcott (Lieut.-Col.) \st Brigade, A". G.L.— Colonel Du Plat. Ut Line Battalion, K.G.L. M .* 3q it t> 4th H Major W. Robertson. Major G. MuUer. Lieut.-Col. F. de VVissell. Major F. Reh. 3d Hanoverian Brigade— CohncX Halkktt. MilV Bntt. BremervcrdH . Duke of York's, '2d Battalion „ 3d „ Mil". Butt. Saizgitter . . . Lieut.-Col. Schulenberg. Major Count Munster. Major Baron Hunefeld. Major Hammerstein. X .^( 298 BRITISH AND HANOVERIAN Third Division. Lieut.-Gen. Baron Alten, 5th Brigade. — Major-Gen. Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B. 30th Foot, 2d Battalion . UOU ly t • • • • • 69th 73d 2d Battalion • » • • • • Major W. Bailey (Lieut.-Col.) Lieut.-Col. W. K. Elphinstone. Lieut.-Col. C. Morice (Colonel). Lieut,-Col. W. Q. Harris (Colonel). 2d Brigade, K.G.L. — Colonel Baron Ompteda. 1st Light Battalion, K.Q.L. 2d „ 5th Line 8th ,. » 55 t t Lieut.-Col. L. Bussche. Major G. Baring. Lieut.-Col. W. B. Linsingen. Major Schroeder (Lieut.-Col.) 1st Hanoverian Brigade. — Major-Gen. Count Kiei.mansegge. Duke of York's Ist Battalion Field Batt. Qrubenhagen . . „ Bremen . . . . „ Luneburg . . . . „ Verden Major Bulow. Lieut.-Col. Wurmb. Lieut.-Col. Langrehr. Lieut.-Col. Kleucke. Major De Senkopp. 14th Foot, 3d Battalion 23d „ Ist „ Mst „ Fourth Division. Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Colville, K.C.B. 4th Brigade. — Colonel Mitchell. Major F. S. Tidy (Lient.-Cjjl.) He • • • Lieut.-Col. Sir Henry W. KUis, K.C.B. Lieut.-Col. H. Mitchell (Colonel. Gth Brigade. — Major-Gen. Johnstone. 3;)th Foot, 2d Battalion 54th , 59th „ 2d Batt. . . 9l8t ,1 Ist „ . . Major C. M'AHster. Lieut.-Col. J, Eurl VValdegrave. Lieut.-Ci)l. H. Austin. Lieut.-Col. Sit W. Douglas, K.C.B. (Col.) Qth Hanoverian Brigade. — Major-Gen. Lyon. Field Batt. Calcnberg .... „ Luneuburg . . . . Mil". Bait. Hoya „ Nieuberg . . • . . „ Bentheim ..... Lieut.-Col. Benort. Liuut.-Col. Grote. Major Croupp. , u ARMY AT WATERLOO. 299 E. Fifth Division. Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thomas Picton, K.CB. 5th Brigade. — ^Major-Gen. Sir James Kempt, K.CB. 2Sth Foot, Ist Battalion .32d 79th 95th » » Major R. Nixon (Lieut-Col.) Major J. Hicks (Lieut.-Col.) Lieut.-Col. N. Douglas. Lieut.-Col. Sir A. F.Barnard, K.CB. (Col.) 9th Brigade. — Major-Gen. Sir Denis Pack, K.CB. 1st Foot, 3d Battalion 42d „ 1st 44th „ 2d 92d „ Ist Major C. Campbell. Lieut.-Col. Sir Robert Macara, K.CB. Lieut.-Col. J. M. Hamerton. Lieut.-Col. J. Cameron (Colonel). 5th Hanoverian Brigade. — Colonel Vincke. Mil" Batt. Hameln . Hildesheira , Peiua . . , Giflhorn . Lieut.-Col. Kleucke. Major Rheden. Major Westphalen. Major Hammerstein. 3. Col.) Sixth Division. lOth Brigade. — Major-Gen. J. Lambert. 4th Foot, Ist Battalion 27th „ ist „ 40th „ 1st „ 81st 2d Lieut.-Col. F. Brooke. Capt. Sir J. Ruade (Major). Major F. Browne. Major P. Waterhouse. 4