IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 /. 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 IM 121 
 
 110 
 
 ■^ lii^ 12.2 
 
 ^ m 
 
 ^ tiS, 12.0 
 
 L25 III 1.4 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 1.6 
 
 .%. 
 
 ^ 
 
 % 
 
 /a 
 
 m 
 
 
 •* 
 
 '/ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WIST MAIN STRIET 
 
 WIBSTIR.N.Y. MStO 
 
 (716) •7a-4S03 
 
 iV 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■1>^ 
 
 C\ 
 
 \ 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 o^ 
 
 ^*/' 
 
.^ 
 
 s^ 
 
 
 4^. 
 
 Us 
 
 I 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Histnricai l\/licroreproduction8 / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa 
 
 Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia 
 copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, 
 which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha 
 raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa 
 tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Colourad covara/ 
 Cauvartura da coulaur 
 
 I I Covara damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommagAa 
 
 Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Couvartura raataurta at/ou pailiculAa 
 
 I I Covar titia mlaaing/ 
 
 La titra da couvartura manqua 
 
 I I Colourad maps/ 
 
 Cartas gAographiquas an coulaur 
 
 Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ 
 Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) 
 
 I I Colourad platas and/or illuatrations/ 
 
 Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur 
 
 Bound with othar matarial/ 
 RaliA avac d'autras documants 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along intarior margin/ 
 
 La raliura sarrAa paut causar da I'ombra ou da la 
 distortion la long da la marga int^riaura 
 
 Blank laavas addad during rastoration may 
 appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thaaa 
 hava baan omittad from filming/ 
 II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas ajoutiaa 
 lors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta, 
 mais. lorsqua cala Atait possibia, cas pagas n'ont 
 pas «t4 film«as. 
 
 Additional commants:/ 
 Commantairas supplAmantairas; 
 
 Tha 
 tot 
 
 L'Institut a microf llmA la maillaur axamplaira 
 qu'il lui a Ati poaaibia da aa procurar. Las details 
 da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-ttra uniquaa du 
 point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar 
 una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axigar una 
 modification dans la mAthoda normala da filmaga 
 aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. 
 
 I I Colourad pagaa/ 
 
 D 
 
 ''agaa da coulaur 
 
 Pagas damagad/ 
 Pagas andommagtes 
 
 Pagas rastorad and/oi 
 
 Pagas rastaurAas at/ou pailiculAas 
 
 Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxai 
 Pagas dicolorias, tachatias ou piqutea 
 
 Pagas datachad/ 
 Pagas ditachAas 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Tranaparanc^ 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quality inigaia da I'lmprassion 
 
 includas supplamantary matarii 
 Comprand du material supplAmantaira 
 
 Only aditlon availabia/ 
 Saula Aditlon diaponi^iia 
 
 I — I Pagas damagad/ 
 
 I — I Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 
 [~~| Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxad/ 
 
 I I Pagas datachad/ 
 
 r~~| Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varias/ 
 
 I I includas supplamantary matarial/ 
 
 I — I Only aditlon availabia/ 
 
 The 
 pos 
 of 
 film! 
 
 Ori{ 
 bag 
 tha 
 slor 
 othi 
 firsi 
 sior 
 or II 
 
 Tha 
 sha 
 TIN 
 whi 
 
 Map 
 diffi 
 anti 
 bagi 
 righ 
 raqt 
 mati 
 
 Pagaa wholly or partially obscurad by arrata 
 slips, tissuas. ate. hava baan rafilmad to 
 ansura tha baat posnibia imaga/ 
 Las pagas totalamant ou partiallamant 
 obacurcias par un fauiilat d'arrata. una palura. 
 ate. ont *t4 film^as A nouveau da fapon A 
 obtanir la maillaura imaga possibia. 
 
 This itam is filmad kit tha reduction ratio chackad balow/ 
 
 Ca document est filmA au taux da rAduction indiquA ci-dassous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 aox 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 16>C 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
ire 
 
 ditail* 
 !•• du 
 modifi«r 
 \T une 
 ffilmag* 
 
 r arrata 
 d to 
 
 It 
 
 a palura. 
 
 }on A 
 
 Tha copy filmad hara has baan raproducad thank* 
 to tha ganarotity of: 
 
 Library of the Public 
 Archives of Canada 
 
 The images appearing hare are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol -^(meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 iVIaps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 L'exemplaira filmA fut reproduit grAce A la 
 gAnArositA da: 
 
 La bibiiotliiique des Archives 
 pubiiques du Canada 
 
 Las images suivantes ont At6 raproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at 
 da la nattet6 de I'exempiaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmaga. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprim^ sont filmAs en commenpant 
 par le premier plat at en terminant soit par la 
 darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impresslon ou d'iilustrationr soit par ie second 
 plat, salon ie cas. Tous las autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont fiim6s en commenpant par la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'inpression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par 
 la derniire page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaTtra sur la 
 darniAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le 
 cas- ie symbols — ► signifie "A SUiVRE ". le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent itre 
 fiimAs A des taux de reduction diffirents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seui ciichA, il est film* A partir 
 da Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut an bas, an prenant la nombre 
 d'Images nAcessaira. Les diagrammes suivants 
 lilustrant la mAthode. 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
♦ 
 
 A C H A It (J E 
 
 DPl.lVERKIi TO THK 
 
 C M'.!! (i Y OF Tit K DIOCESE 
 
 nil- 
 
 RUPERT'S LAND, 
 
 AT HIS 
 
 I> lU M A R Y VISITATION. 
 
 BY 
 
 DAVID ANDERSON, D.D. 
 
 I.ORI) HIBIIOI' or Ri;i'KUT 8 I.ANO. 
 
 !, O N J) O xV; 
 T. UATCJIAIID, 187, TIC CAD ILLY. 
 
 1851. 
 
i 
 
 
 MllNTl.l' BY fi. (. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PALMIlli, SAVnV Sri;i:i,l, -.11; 
 
 A.v I' 
 
i 
 
 TO THE 
 
 » LERGY OF THE DIOCESE 
 
 OF 
 
 M' 
 
 RUPERT'S LAND, 
 
 ^Did ©barge. 
 
 ■\ 
 
 
 PUBLISHED AT THEIR REQUEST, 
 
 IS DKDIUATUn, 
 
 WITH SINCERE R K S I' E C T AND EST 
 
 E E M, 
 
 BY THEIR 
 
 AFFECTIONATE FRIEND AND BROTHER, 
 
 DAVID RUPERTS LAND 
 
mtHts>^^!h 
 
 i 
 
 ..JM*s^ 
 
A CHARGE, 
 
 Sfc. 
 
 I My Reverend Brethren, 
 
 ^ You are well aware that it was my original 
 
 ^ purpose to have assembled you for my Primary 
 
 Visitation towards the close of the last winter, 
 very soon after my arrival among you. But 
 upon more mature consideration. 1 determined to 
 defer it until I had obtained some acquaintance 
 with your spheres of ministerial duty, and had 
 also gained some insight into the Indian charac- 
 ter, and formed some idea of the prospects of the 
 Church throughout this land. 
 
 Nor do I repent of the delay. Even at home, 
 where the circumstances of the dioceses so much 
 resemble each otlier,—where parochial labour in 
 each presents few peculiarities,— an interval of 
 time between consecration and a Primary Visita- 
 tion has been found desirable and profitable.* 
 How much more then in the case of a colonial 
 
 * See the Primary Clmrgo of the Bishop of Ripon, 1838. 
 
G 
 
 diocese, where the position of a minister (lifters 
 in very many points from tliat at borne, — where 
 the i)arochial system cannot always be entirely 
 carried ont, — where the snbjcct of Ecclesiastical 
 legislation still j)resents many anomalies, so as to 
 require nmch patient thougiit and study to adapt 
 it to the wants of the Church in anv case, more 
 especially when that Church is comjjosed partly of 
 those of European habits, ])artly of those brought 
 in from heathenism ! In this way, although I have 
 to acknowledge with gratitude the paternal ad- 
 vice and counsel received from many prelates be- 
 fore leaving England, particularly from that re- 
 vered prelate, whom the Providence of God has 
 elevated to the highest position in our Church, 
 and from him, on wdiom has devolved the charge 
 of ordaining for colonial dioceses, yet I found it 
 impossible to gain from any the exact information 
 which I desired, on those peculiar features which 
 give to a colonial diocese a character altogether its 
 own. From one alone T gained before starting much 
 valuable instruction, many full and satisfactory 
 answers to the questions, which naturally arose in 
 my mind ; and the obligation T am the more 
 anxious to acknowledge on this occasion, because 
 I little knew when enjoying his hospitality and 
 kindness, — when favoured by him with access to 
 all his papers and documents bearing on the first 
 formation of the diocese of Barbados, — that the 
 hand of God was about to remove him so soon 
 from that sphere at once of retirement and 
 labour, in which, after eighteen years of active 
 
 ']« 
 
I 
 
 ♦ 'inplovmont ahro.'ul. lie luid Ixm-ii so li(inour:il»Iv 
 fixed.* 
 
 liut iHUtlicr tlio carlv history of tl)(? diocese of 
 Harl)ados, nor the annals of the Clnirch in Aus- 
 tralia and New Zealand, })resent any exact coun- 
 terpart of the work, to which God, my reverend 
 brethren, lias called us here. The ti'n»n-e by 
 which this territory is held l)v the charter of the 
 Iton. Co]n])anv, — the fact that wIkmi wc 2".>ze on 
 the lakes and rivers and mighty interlyin*]^ plains 
 of liupcrt's Land, not a single city or town meets 
 the eye;— the manner in which a small body of 
 settlers planted in it by a benevolent nobleman, 
 forms now the centre of lio^ht, the little oasis in 
 the wilderness; — the way in which over the rest 
 of the conntry, the forts are thinly scattered, with 
 but a handful in each professing the Christian 
 faith, and all darkness around ; — the method in 
 which the native population seek their subsistence, 
 wandering about from spot to spot, according as 
 the necessity of the chase, the want of fish or of 
 wood may compel them ; — all this, joined to many 
 other things which readily suggest themselves to 
 your own minds, stamp upon this diocese a dis- 
 tinctiveness of feature, to which, I am bold enough 
 to affirm, no parallel exists at the present hour on 
 the surface of the globe. They give a character 
 to the work of the gospel here, which belongs not 
 
 * The Right Rpv. W. Hart Coleridge, D.D., late Bishop of 
 Barbrtdos, and Warden of St. Augnstine's College, Canterbury, 
 who received at tlie Collpi'e those consecrated at Canterbury, 
 May 29, 18 19, and died in the December following. 
 
8 
 
 to it elsewhere ; the full idea of which exists 
 vividly impressed in your minds, yet an idea 
 which it is difficult, if not impossible, to transfer 
 to another, in the exact shape in which it occupies 
 and fills tlie minds of those, before whom the |)ic- 
 ture is daily spread. It is well for us however, 
 my brethren, often to recur to this, to examine 
 well those circumstances whicli make our lot pe- 
 culiar, — to dwell on them carefully and patiently, 
 until we feel that the gosjiel, as a remedial 
 message, is to be adapted to what we see around 
 us. Easy were it to imagine a changed scene, 
 and to allow the mind to roam in forming vision- 
 ary plans of what under different circumstances 
 might be realized. Our duty is with the present 
 moment ; so to study the condition and character 
 of the land wherein we dwell, — so to imbibe the 
 idea of it as a whole, as to be prepared for the 
 profitable consideration of the great subject, 
 How shall I best imprint upon it the mark and 
 stamp of heaven? How shall a living Christianity 
 be best diffused among those so different in race 
 and condition, so scattered and destitute, yet in 
 equal need with ourselves of the Saviour, in equal 
 want of the word of life to guide their feet into 
 the way of peace .'' 
 
 For these purposes we ought to study well our 
 position, in order to see clearly where we stand 
 among the churches of God, when and where we 
 are called to work in the Lord's vineyard. Now 
 this is, brethren, the remotest diocese in the west. 
 If we are all travelling westward, as the poet 
 
 J 
 
9 
 
 I' 
 
 "mi 
 
 lately tak«Mi Ihmjcc lias sunf(,--if tlio <i[()spors 
 course lias btjcii westward, and if it is to bi» 
 jiroaclied as a witness ainon^' all nations before tlie 
 end come, tlien it has well ni<>li nm its conrse in 
 this part of this ]ni<ifhty continent. America is 
 nearly embraced. This, the remotest diocese, 
 stretches as far as the rocky mountains, almo^■t 
 within siofht of the wateis of the i^icific. 1 
 should have called it the youn;[;'est, the last-formed 
 diocese a week a^^o ; but intelligence has just 
 readied us, that another bishop has been conse- 
 crated since, — that the diocese of Montreal is se- 
 parately constituted, so that now the dioceses of 
 l^ritish North America ak^ seven.* Of these we 
 are the most distant ; beyond us there is but one 
 lerg-yman on the other side of the mountains at 
 
 c 
 
 kit 
 
 Vancouver. Should necessity require, and no 
 means of Episcopal ministration be supplied, I 
 might hereafter have to visit that spot for the pur- 
 pose of confirmation ; or, should the population of 
 Vancouver Island increase, and any number of 
 clergymen be planted in the Columbia, Vancou- 
 ver migiit then be suitably selected as a spot for 
 a bishop of its own. Then from China to the 
 Pacific the chain of sees would be complete; 
 from Victoria the eye would pass to Calcutta with 
 her three sutFragan bishoprics, from Bombay to 
 Jerusalem, thence along the Mediterranean to 
 Gibraltar, and, crossing the Atlantic to New-found- 
 land, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, Quebec, 
 
 * Another may ere this have been formed by the division 
 of tbe Diocese of Toronto. 
 
10 
 
 Montreal, Toronto, Rupert's Land, and, if it misfht 
 be so at a future day, Vancouver. A glowing 
 thought, that the Church of the British Isles 
 should span the world I * 
 
 Although however so far removed, we cannot 
 forget that the life and influence and energy of 
 our Church, must be derived in great measure from 
 Britain. England must still be regarded by us as 
 the heart and centre of life, from which the blood 
 circulates to the most distant parts of the body. 
 Our wisdom would be to keep up a lively inter- 
 course with the Church, whence we are sent 
 forth ; not to labour independently of her, — not 
 to frame a code of laws for our regulation differ- 
 ing from those which are in force at home, but 
 rather to adapt, as much as may be, our own in- 
 ternal government to that, which the wisdom of 
 our forefathers has devised, and the experience of 
 ages sanctioned.t And yet whenever we cast 
 our eyes towards the Church of our affections, — 
 
 * Those who are accustomed to give to their classical recol- 
 lections a Christiar application, will excuse me for referring to 
 the passage which always suggests itself o my mind, when I 
 reflect on my position, and look eastward to those who, from 
 the rising to the setting sun, are to be as " lights, holding 
 forth the word of life." 
 
 <j!)/auKTOS 8e (fipvKTOv Sevp air ayydpnv Trupo? 
 €7rc/A7rei', .... ovk airainrov 'iSaiov irvpn<i. 
 TotoiSc TOi jxot AafnraSr)<f>6p(i)v vofioi, 
 aXXo'i Tap aWov SiaSojj^ais vXrjpovjxevoi. 
 
 Aeschyl. Agam. 
 t The danger of an opposite course is clearly and forcibly 
 stated in a Letter to Sir Robert II. luglis on Colonial Church 
 Legislation, by the Rev. Henry Venn, IS.OO. 
 
 ¥ 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 the Church in which we were reared and tniin- 
 ed, — the Church whose ministrations we are en- 
 deavouring to carry out, feebly it may be and im- 
 perfectly, in this country, — we cannot conceal from 
 ourselves, I cannot conceal from you, my reverend 
 brethren, that much of trouble and trial seem to 
 encompass her. Internal divisions have arisen 
 \,iiich cannot be viewed without alarm; and 
 although our Articles and Formularies were framed 
 in so wide and comprehensive a s})irit, as to in- 
 clude under them that diversity of opinion, which 
 will ever mark independent minds, yet cttbrts are 
 now making, which would interrupt the peace 
 which has long reigned within her bosom, and 
 which would settle and mark out definitively, 
 what had been left in some measure to individual 
 judgment. Of this we cannot be unconcerned 
 spectators, as we value the ])eace of our Church, 
 the doctrinal purity and the unfettered liberty of 
 her children. We must watch anxiously and 
 eagerly the directic^ns which error takes, the 
 sides on which error lurks ; and, if God so bless 
 us, seek to discover the means, by which error 
 may be most successfully met, and truth main- 
 tained. 
 
 Looking then at the tone and spirit of theolo- 
 gical writing during the few lust years, with the 
 view of discovering the dangers to which we are 
 most exposed, 1 cannot bnt apprehend the ap- 
 proach of evil, evil of a different shade and com- 
 plexion, from a growing indistinctness on three 
 subjects of deep and vital importance. 
 
12 
 
 I. The first is very closely connected with the 
 Word of God, and the nature of the impressions 
 which we i 'ceive from it. It refers to the 
 subject of Inspiration^ che nature and extent of 
 that superintendence, that divine illumination, 
 communicated to the penmen of Holy Scripture. 
 And here I should depart from what I previously 
 stated to be the liberty allowed by our Church, if 
 I were to lay down a theory of my own as bind- 
 ing- upon you, or as if it were the only possible 
 one, which an earnest and religious mind could 
 adopt. I know that many, whom I respect and 
 venerate, hold on this point views differing from 
 my own, and so long as the Supremacy of God's 
 word is allowed, the authority of every part of it 
 on the conscience granted, 1 should not be dis- 
 posed to quarrel. But is there not m some quar- 
 ters a disposition to undervalue the letter of the 
 word ? Is there not a spirit of bold criticism afloat, 
 which scruples not to discover imperfections in 
 Scripture, which «peaks of a part of Scrij^ture as 
 not necessarily inspired, or attributes varying de- 
 grees of inspiration to that which God has em- 
 braced under one simple and comprehensive 
 term ? * It is customary often to speak of the 
 historical and prophetical inspiration as different, 
 and yet i can never understand, how more of in- 
 spiration was necessary for Isaiah to j)ropbesy of 
 events seven hundred years distant in the future, 
 than for Moses to write the history of an unfallen 
 world, the history of Paradise and God's com- 
 
 * TTucra yfiOLcfiii 6enir\'ev<TTo<i. 2 Tim. iii. 1(1. 
 
 4- 
 
 1 
 
1 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 •*>/ 
 
 niunion with man there, which happened more 
 than two thousand years before his birth. Or 
 even, as this i)erhaps is more readily granted, 
 looking at the historical books of Samuel, the 
 Kings, or Nehemiah, how is it that so short a 
 record is given us, so concise an outline, and yet 
 through Divine Providence, one so sufficient to 
 give a j)erfect history of the world, which but for 
 this existed only in fragments, and never could 
 have been cemented into one whole. In this se- 
 lection of material, in this Divine arrangement, 
 I can recognize nothing short of the highest in- 
 spiration ; the same inspiration which guided the 
 seer and prophet in his noblest flights. For I 
 cannot separate, I cannot unravel that so curiously 
 woven by tl Spirit ; if any distinguish between 
 history and prophecy, I confess my inability. In 
 Genesis, prophecy marks the opening and closing 
 chapters, — in Exodus and Leviticus, we have the 
 prophecy of word, and that of type and symbol, — 
 in Numbers, we have Balaam unfolding the future 
 character of Israel, when their tents were pitched 
 beyond Jordan, — stamping them with the seal of 
 prophecy before one foot had yet crossed the sa- 
 cred river, — and in Deuteronomy, we have Moses 
 closing his books (shall we call them of history 
 or prophecy ?) when rapt in the Spirit, describing 
 the Jews such us our eyes behold them at the 
 j)resent hour. And so, throughout the books of 
 S<!rii)ture, the golden thread of prophecy is so 
 beautifully interwoven with the tissue of tljo vo- 
 lume, that 1 should ever fear to draw it out. On 
 
14 
 
 this ground, I tremble to hear men speak of higher 
 and lower inspiration marking parts of God's vo- 
 lume. For all I would claim the highest inspi- 
 ration ; let us look to it as written within and 
 without with the finger of God.* 
 
 This is, I am aware, a danger into which few 
 of our Church have as yet fallen ; it lurks how- 
 ever almost unconsciously in many minds. It is 
 an error, the effects of which we see in the un- 
 sparing hand of the Socinian mutilating the volume 
 of God, or in the rash speculations of the Neolo- 
 gian of Germany. A little of the leaven has 
 latterly been introduced into our own theology, 
 and it surely is incumbent upon all to analyze well 
 their own conceptions on this subject, to see 
 well what are their real ideas of the agency of 
 God, and the instrumentality of man, as jointly 
 concerned in the inspiration of the Bible. 
 
 II. The next subject on which T would notice 
 a growing indistinctness of view, and from which 
 much painful error has already arisen, is the doc- 
 trine of Justification. As the very end and pur- 
 pose of the gospel is to reveal how man can be 
 just with God, so whatever tends to obscure and 
 darken the method of the sinner's acceptance 
 
 * Is there no such danger, when we hear Bibliolatry dis- 
 claimed and derided ? Was not a late estimable divine led ou- 
 V urdy to ijucstion the authority of the Book of Daniel, and 
 did not another eminent writer (not of our own Communion) 
 yive up altogether the inspiration of tiie Song of Solomon ? 
 For some of the thoughts on this subject 1 confess myself 
 indebted to Gaussen's Theopneustia. 
 
15 
 
 e 
 d 
 le 
 
 It 
 
 inust weaken its very foundations. And was it 
 not on this point that he, whose was the leading 
 mind in the late movement, which has drawn off 
 from the service and allegiance of our Church so 
 many of her erring sons, —was it not on this that 
 he first unsettled the minds of many, sapping and 
 undermining, unconsciously perhaps at that time, 
 the superstructure of the faith ? * Has it not 
 been once more verified that this is " the Article 
 of a standing or falling Church?" And although 
 many of those, who spoke of this as an odious 
 and unpalatable doctrine, have fallen from our 
 ranks and gone out from among us, yet the un- 
 settling effect remains in the minds of many 
 others ; the trumpet gives from their lips an un- 
 certain sound, and there is not the same simple 
 and bold proclamation of the method, in which 
 being "justified by faith we have peace with 
 (;od." 
 
 Now the true path of safety in any such case, 
 vvliere the substance of the " faith once delivered 
 to the saints " is endangered, is to recur " to the 
 law and to tlie testimony," to the lively oracles of 
 Ciod, and the authoritative explanation of them as 
 contained in our own Articles. We must, especially 
 in the present day, " examine well the founda- 
 tions." I If our object as ministers is to lead 
 man to joy tiiid ]»eace in believing here, and to 
 present him })erfect. without spot, and blameless 
 before the presence of (jiod hereafter, we must 
 often ask, How shall these things be ? We must 
 
 ■'■ NcwMiHu's Ltc'turcs on Jiistilicalioii. 
 t Willx irdrcc'N P);u'li('iil Mew. 
 
 I 
 
16 
 
 analyze the medicine provided for us, the balm of 
 Gilead which the good Physician has consigned to 
 our care. And the scriptural answer seems to 
 be furnished by the apostle, when he prays to 
 be " found in Christ, not having his own righte- 
 ousness, which is of the law, but the righteousness 
 which is of God by faith." In that he prayed to 
 be found on earth ; in that he hoped to stand in 
 heaven. And the Articles agree therewith when 
 declaring, " We are accounted righteous before 
 God, only for the merits of our Lord Jesus 
 Christ bv faith, and not for our own works or 
 deservings." In the merits of Christ we can 
 rejoice as pardoned sinners now ; in those merits 
 we can hope to stand accepted and justified 
 before the bar of God hereafter; because "He 
 was made sin for us who knew no sin, that 
 we might be made the righteousness of God in 
 Him." Yet in the doctrinal statement of these 
 great truths, is there not sometimes an indistinct- 
 ness, — a confusion between sanctification and jus- 
 tification, akin to the doctrines of the corrupt 
 Church of Rome on the subject, — a confusion be- 
 tween inherent righteousness and that which is 
 imputed, — a confusion between our own best and 
 holiest works, our own righteousness which is but 
 as filthy rags, and that everlasting righteousness, 
 which the obedience of the Saviour to God's per- 
 fect law has introduced, and which shall be a gar- 
 ment of glory and beauty to all that believe.* 
 
 * For a full discussion of this subject, see the Lectures of 
 Dr. O'Brien, Bishop of Ossory, on Justification ; and for a clear 
 and simple statement, see a short Treatise by the Archbishop 
 of ( ■anlerbury, and another by Bishop Wilson of Calcutta. 
 
 '« 
 
 ♦ 
 
.1 
 
 17 
 
 i 
 
 III. But there remains one other subject, on 
 which error seems now to take its stand, and 
 threaten danger to the simplicity of the faith, and 
 tliat is, — Extreme views of sacramental ifficacy. As 
 of the two former errors, the one referred to the 
 w^ord of God, the other to the j)rimary doctrine 
 of tile Gospel, so this relates to the channels 
 through wliich grace is conveyed. Now of the 
 two holv sacraments of our Church, as ordained 
 by the Saviour for our great and endless comfort, 
 we can never speak too highly, nor think too re- 
 verently ; and yet the eye may dwell so exclu- 
 sively on these or any other points as to derange 
 " the analogy of the faith,"* — the proportion in 
 which scripture reveals these things. Coincident 
 with the extreme views, to which I refer, is often 
 a depreciation of preaching, regarding which, as 
 the mighty engine by which it has " pleased God 
 to save them that believe," the apostle has said so 
 much. There is also often a depreciation of fiiith, 
 by which the sinner is at once brought nigh unto 
 God, on which the apostolical epistles enlarge so 
 fully. Is there, then, no distorting of the scrip- 
 tural analogy, when the two sacraments are d\\elt 
 on so exclusively ? Is there no danger when 
 something of a sacramental efficacy is claimed for 
 other ordinances, — when it is said that they are in 
 some sense sacraments of the Church ? Have 
 not the extreme views in question led, as a con- 
 se(|uence, to the melancholy |)osition, that for sin 
 after baptism there is no direct pledge or promise 
 
 * T7)V avakoyiav t^9 TTwrTCCDS. — Rom. xii. 6. 
 
18 
 
 of pardon ; and in the case of the other sacrament, 
 to views scarcely to be distinguished from the 
 transubstantiation of the Church of Rome ? Now 
 here too recourse to the Articles and Formu- 
 laries would appear at once the safe path ; and if 
 it be alleged that difficulty exists, if there be any 
 necessity of reconciling apparent diversity of ex- 
 pression, is it not the fairer course to take the 
 general definition of the sacraments as found in 
 Article XXV., and then contemplate its applica- 
 tion to the two sacraments ? If of the sacraments 
 generally it is stated, in Article XXV., that " in 
 such only as worthily receive them they have a 
 wholesome effect or operation," if an express 
 Article limits the effects of the Lord's Supper to 
 the worthy recipient, (Article XXIX.,) why may 
 not something of a like limitation be admissible 
 in the construction of Article XXVII. ? Are 
 we derogating from the sanctity of a sacrament, 
 if we say a limitation is possible in the one, which 
 all allow in the case of the other sacrament ? 
 
 But it is said, the case of baptism prevents the 
 admission of any such hypothesis, as there cannot 
 be, in the case of infants, worthiness or unworthi- 
 ness. Yet here again is it not just to pass from 
 the higher case of the adult to the particular case 
 of infant baptism ? In the case of the adult, the 
 benefit and grace are acknowledged to be contin- 
 gent, not always and universally bestowed ; and 
 shall we still say that all children necessarily 
 obtain the fullest gift of God's grace ^ Are we 
 derogating from the sacredness of the sacrament 
 
 4 
 
 
 I 
 
19 
 
 rily 
 we 
 ent 
 
 I 
 
 ^^ 
 
 « 
 
 in saying that there may perchance be a limitation 
 in their case ? 
 
 And liere, my reverend brethren, as you may 
 have perceived from these remarks, I cannot but 
 feel grateful to God for the late decision, which 
 has filled the minds of many with terror and 
 alarm. On such an occasion as this I am bound 
 to put you in i ssession of my own opinion, and 
 soniethinf]r of the ofrounds on wliich I have formed 
 it. Far from foreseeing the evil consequences 
 whiclj some anticipate as likely to arise from it, I 
 would regard it as only continuing to us a liberty 
 and latitude which seem to have existed ever since 
 the Reformation. I think the case has been satis- 
 ftictorily and fully argued from the views of the 
 compilers of our Articles, and proved to be in 
 perfect consonance with the language of charity, 
 on which the whole of our liturgy proceeds. On 
 these grounds, therefore, I do not dwell. One 
 point occurs to me as a strong one and not suffi- 
 ciently brought forward, which is, that on this 
 question the same writers of our own Church, and 
 the same early fathers, are continually quoted on 
 either side. And what solution, then, can be 
 given of this, that the same writer is cited in 
 favour of views apparently so opi)osed ? Surely 
 it is because there lurks beneath some ambiguity 
 of terms ; because there is a sense in which all 
 the baptized are in covenant with God and 
 adopted into his family, while there is also a 
 sense, a higher and peculiar sense, in which those 
 
 c 2 
 
 
20 
 
 hi 
 
 alone who are led by the Spirit are in living cove- 
 nant with Him, possessing " the spirit of adop- 
 tion, whereby they cry Abba, Father :" that there 
 is a sense in which all the baptized are his chil- 
 dren, while there is a higher sense in which they 
 alone are his children who have " the Spirit befir- 
 ing witness with their spirit that they are the 
 children of God ; and if children then heirs, 
 heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ." 
 From the fact, then, that writers are quoted as 
 holding the opposed views, I would argue that 
 the higher and fuller blessing is not universally 
 bestowed, — that even to those baptized the call is 
 not unnecessary, to examine themselves whether 
 they be born again of the Spirit, whether they be 
 indeed in the faith, to prove their own selves. 
 
 The danger, reverend brethren, of such extreme 
 views of sacramental efficacy is twofold, according 
 to the complexion of the mind on which they are 
 brought to bear. Addressed to those without 
 depth of religious feeling, and listened to eagerly 
 by those who wish to rest on something external 
 to themselves, and so to satisfv the alarms of 
 conscience, they lead to Formalism — a depend- 
 ence on those outward sisrns as necessarily con- 
 necting them with God, and ensuring vital union 
 with the Saviour. To minds of a different tem- 
 perament, to those of a highly meditative and 
 contemplative cast, their tendency is to lead 
 to Mysticism — to something of a transcend- 
 ental theology. They are thus either as opiates, 
 which lull the soul into a false sense of security ; 
 
 ♦ 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 • 
 
 -» 
 
 ■ • 
 
 21 
 
 or tlioy throw a mysteriousness and dread around 
 it, resulting more from the feelings and imagina- 
 tion than the sober realities of the faith.* 
 
 Such, my reverend Brethren, are the directions 
 from which I chiefly apprehend danger at the 
 present hour, — the tendencies which we have to 
 dread, as likely to lead to the rash speculations of the 
 Continent and the doctrinal errors ci' the Church 
 of Rox^^^% — the evils of Formalism or a refined 
 Mysticism. Far however be it from me to damp 
 the ardour of hoi)e, or check the sanguine expec- 
 tation which would look for better things. There 
 are many earnest and eager minds raised up, 
 which are endeavouring to stem the tide of evil ; 
 much advance and 2)rogress are made in theology, 
 even if some opposing forces are at work. Es- 
 pecially would I notice, as the branch in which 
 most has been done in the last [e\v years, the 
 amount of labour bestowed on the framework of 
 scrij)ture, develoi)ing the beauty of its constituent 
 l>arts, and its symmetry as a whole. Much, very 
 much, has been done in bringing out the traces of 
 the manifold wisdom of God as seen in His own 
 volume — its manifoldness and yet its unity — its di- 
 versity of style, all converging to one simple end 
 and purpose. The structure and gradual forma - 
 
 * All, I think, must allow that there was much of mys- 
 ticism in the sermons of Dr. Pusey on Baptism and the 
 Eucharist. Is there not something of the khid also in such 
 expressions as these, — "The sacraments are the extension of 
 the Incarnation :" "Through the sacraments we are united to 
 the man's nature of Christ ?" 
 
•7«> 
 
 tion of scripture are thus better understood ; and 
 if only such researches are conducted by minds 
 deeply impressed with the inspiration of the 
 volume on which they are engaged, how much of 
 light may yet arise ! " Out of the eater shall come 
 forth meat, out of the strong shall come forth 
 sweetness !"* 
 
 But such errors trouble us not in the more im- 
 mediate practical duties to which we are called. 
 Indeed I have not much fear of their appearing 
 among ourselves. Called as I have been to the 
 office which I now hold at a very early age, and 
 soliciting on that ground a double interest in your 
 prayers, my confidence would be in the character 
 of my clergv, in their faith ripened in trial and 
 adversity, and strengthened by many a shock. 
 Our practical work removes us from the atmo- 
 sphere of theological controversy ; our distance 
 from home keeps us in some degree of ignorance 
 of it ; and yet, as dutiful sons of the Church of 
 England, we cannot be idle spectators of what 
 threatens her interests or affects her peace. 
 
 Turning, however, from the painful subject of 
 the errors of others, and looking inwards and 
 around us here, have we no short-comings to de- 
 plore — no necessity for a spirit of increased ac- 
 
 * Much was done in Townson's Discourses on the Gospels, 
 and Davison's Discourses on Prophecy. Of more recent works 
 I would refer especially to Stanley's Essays on the Apostolic 
 Age, Dr. Tait's Suggestions to a Theological Student, and 
 Trench's Hulsean Lectures. The last is full of glowing 
 thought on " the manifold wisdom of God " as seen in His 
 word. 
 
4 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 •23 
 
 livity and diligence ? Are there no subjects 
 which press themselves upon our notice on such 
 a solemn occasion as this, when met together to 
 stir each other nj), to give and to receive words of 
 counsel and exhortation ? Are we estimating 
 aright our duties, doing all that we ought — all 
 that we might do ? A year is almost closing upon 
 us ; but a few more days remain of ity — a remark- 
 able year surely, as introducing us to the latter 
 half of the century. If in it events follow each 
 other with as great rapidity as in the former half, 
 how mighty will be the march of events — how 
 great the changes which may be witnessed and 
 recorded by those who may see its closing year ! 
 Ought we not then, brethren, to endeavour to 
 ascertain our true standing ? Could we have a 
 more suitable season for meeting together than 
 the close of this memorable year, a more fitting 
 prayer than the collect for the day, " Merciful 
 God, we beseech thee to cast thy bright beams of 
 light upon tliy Church ?" Be it ours to copy the 
 pattern of the apostle whom we this day comme- 
 morate. His was said to be the martyrdom in 
 will, not in deed ; be it ours, if called upon to 
 suffer, to bear it patiently as followers of the Lord 
 Jesus. The spirit of St. John has been said to 
 be the true spirit of controversy. If called upon 
 to contend for the faith, may we do so in the 
 spirit of love, imbibing the spirit which he de- 
 rived from his Saviour's breast.* Some have 
 
 * See Suggestions to the Theological Student under Present 
 difficulties, by A. C. Tait, D.C.L., Dean of CarHslc. 
 
24 
 
 thought that, as the world waxes old, the discii)les 
 of Christ in the latter day will most resemble the 
 beloved apostle.* If the shadows of evening are 
 around us — if anything betoken the approach of 
 the evil of the last times, — let us seek to be found 
 as he was, tarrying until Jesus come. For all 
 these purposes the best preparation will be an eye 
 directed often heavenward, soaring aloft in faith 
 and prayer, and a heart and affections dwelling much 
 amid those eternal realities to which the apostle 
 was caught up by the Spirit in that vision, the 
 first chapter of which is the appointed lesson for 
 the morning, the last that for the evening service 
 of the day. 
 
 Looking back, then, with the experience of the 
 past, (and yours a much longer and fuller expe- 
 rience than my own,) what are the leading charac- 
 teristics of your work on which I ought to dwell, — 
 what the hindrances which check a greater activity 
 and devotedness to God, — what the encourage- 
 ments which His gracious hand si)reads before us ? 
 
 Now I am inclined to give prominence to the 
 necessary secularity connected with your minis- 
 terial work, as distinguishing it from the more 
 exclusively spiritual character of labour at home. 
 This is lessened gradually as a station advances, 
 — as it passes from being purely missionary to 
 something of a settled parish. But in the earlier 
 history of all the churches in this diocese, has 
 there not been a great amount of secular labour 
 
 "■ See Sermons and Essays on the Apobtolieal Age, l>v the 
 Rev. A. P. Stanley, page 2(12. 
 
26 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 laid upon those engaged in the ministry of the 
 word ? And necessarily so. The minister is not 
 only the ])astor but the friend, — the ])ronioter, not 
 only of the spiritual, but the temporal welfare of 
 his people. His mental energies are anxiously 
 devoted to the roaring of the sj)iritual temple, but 
 his hands assist at the same time in rearing the 
 fabric of the material temple, if it is to proceed 
 at all ; yea, beyond this, his counsel is looked to 
 in the erection of the private dwelling, and in the 
 cultivation of the field. And I do not mention 
 this to wish it otherwise ; rather would I feel 
 w^th joy that it brings us nearer to primitive and 
 apostolic Christianity ; that those who have thus 
 laboured with the hand, while labouring also in 
 tlie word and doctrine, are thereby the closer to 
 him who could ^ay, "These hands have ministered 
 to my necessities, and to them that were with 
 me," juid who wrought as a tent-maker, when 
 sojourning at Corinth, that he might not be bur- 
 densome to any. You may look then to him as 
 a pattern, my reverend brethreii, when yourselves 
 compelled to assist in the sowing of the seed, or 
 in getting from the lakes the winter store, or 
 aiding in erecting for the wandering Indian a 
 comfortable and substantial dwelling. A debt is 
 owing to you for your work and labour of love in 
 these res])ects ; and if this settlement look back 
 with gratitude to the philanthropic exertions of 
 the Nobleman who founded it,"*' surely, for the 
 amount of social comfort which we nowunjov, and 
 ' r\\v laic Kail ()l\Si'lkiik. 
 
:> H 
 
 20 
 
 the rich abundance of produce around us, we ar^? 
 not a little indebted to the labours of the clergy, 
 and not least to one still among us, whose name is 
 connected with every church, and whose exertions 
 are closely linked with almost every domestic im- 
 provement in the settlement.* 
 
 But, while 1 notice with praise and approba- 
 tion what the untiring activity of the clergy has 
 achieved at Red River, and what others are still 
 doing at this hour in their spheres of severer 
 labour in the country, I cannot but feel that this 
 is a snare and a temptation against which it is 
 necessary to struggle. Does it not require an in- 
 creased spirituality of mind to counteract the 
 tendency of such employment ? Does it not re- 
 quire more of prayer, more of watchfulness, — a 
 double amount of secret and private communion 
 with God, to repair what is lost by tliis necessary 
 contact with worldly things? I feel it myself, 
 brethren, and would imj)ress it upon you. More of 
 mv own time here has been devoted to the work of 
 education, and intellectual training of the young, 
 than under other circumstances would have been 
 justifiable ; but in this I feel that 1 am ]>reparing 
 some who may be hereafter employed in the 
 ministry of the word ; and to others I am impart- 
 ing a tone of mind which may be of use in im- 
 proving the general character and aspect of the 
 country. Let us not then, on this account, labour 
 the less, brethren, but let us pray the more, that 
 our daily employments, not exclusively spiritual, 
 * The Ucv. \V. Cochran. 
 
 I 
 
27 
 
 
 may even minister to our growth in grace, " being 
 sanctified by the word of God and by prayer." 
 
 Nor ought the effect of climate to be omitted, 
 as sometliing against which you have to combat. 
 Now, healthy I believe it to be, although the 
 extremes of heat and cold are so great ; yet it is 
 trying, and has an influence of its own. It stands 
 in the way of many social improvements, the 
 period of j)0ssible labour being so short ; and when 
 the country is bound up for so many months, there 
 is little disposition to indulge in much labour for 
 the sake of mere appearance. Add to this the 
 anticipation, which cannot be banished from the 
 mind, of periodical floods, creating a wide-spread 
 desolation and destruction of property, — the uncer- 
 tainty that any spot, however favourably chosen, 
 may long escape, when the bed and channel of 
 the river or lake are much changed by the melt- 
 ing of the winter snows. All this, as I need not 
 tell you, creates in the native mind an indiffer- 
 ence, a quietude, which arrests the attention on 
 first arrival. Am I wrong in saying that some- 
 thing of this effect creeps over European minds 
 after a long sojourn here? Ought we not to 
 struggle against the inroads of such a feeling ? 
 We certainly have not the enervating torj)or 
 which the heat of India often produces; and in 
 the clear, dry cold of winter there is felt an elas- 
 ticity of spirits which counteracts, in some mea- 
 sure, the effect of the summer. Yet still the 
 tendencv of the climate is to lead to a (le<rree of 
 apathy uncongenial witii spiritual ^n^wth. So 
 
28 
 
 many causes may arise to destroy the effects of 
 labour, that the s])irit to labour decays. 
 
 Climate too hinders in other ways. Are there 
 not many spots in which labourers might be 
 planted, yet where ministerial work would in- 
 volve much hardship ? Why should York, the 
 first spot on which most of us set foot, be still 
 without a Clergyman ; why should the shores of 
 the bay towards Churchill, and along the East 
 Main, be still unknown to us ? A winter in such 
 spots might certainly be attended with privation 
 and discomfort : but surelv climate ought not to 
 discourage, it we consider the self-denying exer- 
 tions of the Moravians for many years on the 
 coasts of Labrador and Greenland. When one 
 thinks of what that little apostolic band has been 
 enabled to effect in those ice-bound countries, as 
 well as at Cinadendal in Africa, or the Leper 
 Hospital at llemel-en-Aarde,* — when we find, 
 too, that now clergymen of our Church, under a 
 bisho}) of our own, are undertaking the work on 
 the coast of Labrador, shall we not be eager to 
 meet them along the Straits, by passing upwards 
 on the East Main?! But all these difficulties 
 ought to lead us to feel our greater dependence 
 on God, and that is ever a blessed condition. 
 
 
 * See Krantz's History of Greenlimd; and Holmes's History 
 of the United J i otliren, and a Sermon on Behalf ot tlic Mora- 
 vian Missions, full of interes;.j.ig detail, by the llev. J. Steven- 
 son, Vicar of Patrixhourne. 
 
 f See the Two Journals of Visits (o the Coast of Labrador, 
 by the Bishop ol Newfoundhnul. 
 
29 
 
 The fear of famine, of flood, and ot cold, leads us 
 to feel that all we have we derive from God ; 
 that it is His to give, His to withhold. On this 
 account I appointed, in spring, special prayers to 
 be used in every church as the waters rose upon 
 us, and when they were withdrawn, and the un- 
 exj)ected plenty of autumn once more greeted 
 our eyes, we joined together in the offering of 
 praise and thanksgiving. Many felt then their 
 dependence on the hand which alone upholds, 
 and your united testimony must be that the 
 threatened visitation has indeed left a blessing 
 behind it. For the measure of health which God 
 has given you for years of labour in this climate, 
 1 feel deeply grateful. For one alone would I 
 feel anxious, — one who is among us at some risk 
 and sacrifice. In his case, however, it is not only 
 the body weakened through climate ; there is also 
 the effect of mental anxietv, the watchin": for 
 souls, without as yet much of a stirring among 
 the dry bones.* 
 
 But the greatest and most formidable check is 
 still unnoticed, and that is the difiiculty which you 
 have to encounter as regards lanf^uaue. Here, of 
 course, I s]>eak especially to those engaged in 
 native work ; and yet to which of us is it not a 
 hindrance ? We all behold the Indian continu- 
 ally, we gaze upon him as a fellow-creature, 
 possessing the same immortality with ourselves, 
 we notice him as he passes, and he gives and re- 
 ceives the usual salutation of his countrymen. 
 
 * The Rev. A. Cowley. 
 
30 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 I - 
 
 Ho proceeds onwards, and thinks that God has 
 created different races for different ends, and that 
 an insuperable barrier divides the White from 
 the Red man. We know that God has created 
 all of one blood, yet we cannot tell him this ; 
 our tongue cannot speak to him of a Saviour, and 
 warn him of the terrors of a world to come. Now 
 it appears a small thing to master the difficulties 
 of a language. And so it might be if it were one; 
 but the number of dialects meets us, and creates 
 a fresh difficulty. Blessed be God, much has 
 been already done among the natives, and the 
 prayers of our own beautiful liturgy ascend up in 
 their tongue every Sabbath day in four congrega- 
 tions at least in this land. But then, in visiting 
 these, I find varieties in each. There are the 
 two races of different tongues, though evidently 
 sprung from one common origin, the Saulteaux and 
 the Crees ; and of the latter there is the Cree of the 
 Plains and the Cree of York, of Churchill, and of 
 the Low Countries I have but little hesitation 
 in adopting the Cree of the Saskatchewan, or that 
 of the Plains, as the purest, or, to use the term, 
 the most classical ; but of those around me there 
 are few who speak it in purity of pronunciation 
 and accent. Of those with whom I am myself 
 brought into immediate contact, almost all speak 
 the other, the Chippeway or Saulteaux dialect, and 
 that only in a degenerate form. 
 
 Regarding the language itself, however, J have 
 no fears. I have done far less than I anticipated 
 in the time since my arrival in the country, but 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
31 
 
 my ear is now pretty well accustomed to its 
 sound, and the vocabulary becomes daily more 
 familiar to me. When the words fill the mind, 
 and suggest themselves to the memory, — when, 
 if that day should ever arrive, I can think in the 
 language, I should be much more in a position to 
 write it and reduce it to system ; for whate^^er be 
 its origin, it is, brethren, a noble language, or the 
 remains of a noble tongue. It is very philoso- 
 phical and systematic, as a reference to that 
 grammar which still stands p solitary one, and 
 to the author of which I bear a willing testimony 
 of gratitude to-day,* will prove to any one. It is 
 very complex and artificial, as the structure of the 
 verbs alone would be sufficient to show. I do not 
 imagine that it possesses many roots, and that 
 w^ould make the formation of a dictionary (in 
 which one of yourselves has made great pro- 
 gress)t comparatively easy. Therein it would 
 resemble Hebrew, as it does also in its system 
 of prefixes and afiixes, and in its number of con- 
 jugational varieties of a single verb. Among the 
 classes into which philologists have divided lan- 
 guages, it has obtained the name of Polysynthetic, 
 from the facility with which it can group together 
 a numoer of ideas in one word..]: In this flexi- 
 
 * See Grammar of the Cree Language, by J. Ilowse, Esq. 
 
 f Rev. J. Smitliurst. 
 
 X This name was first given by M. du Ponceau, and since 
 adopted by Humboldt. For interesting examples and re- 
 marks on the general features of the American languages, see 
 Prichard's Researches, vol. v. pp. 302 — 320. Sec also School- 
 craft's History of the Iroquois, chap. xi. 
 
.1 
 
 ^2 
 
 bility, and the ease with which compound words 
 are formed, it seems to resemble the Greek lan- 
 guage ; and if, on this very account, the provi- 
 dence of God was seen in making Greek the 
 language of the New Testament and the early 
 Church, in which all the nicer shades of technical 
 theology were readily given, so the possession of 
 a similar feature in the language of this I; ad 
 would give one favourable omen for the tran:la- 
 tion of God's word and our own invaluable 
 liturgy. To my own ear (it may be from par- 
 tiality) it sounds now with softness ?nd sweetness, 
 whether in the full Indian service, which I heard 
 at Cumberland, and in which I sought to take a 
 feeble part, or in the sermons of him who is the 
 first native minister, of my own ordination, in the 
 land. 
 
 The question of orthography remains still in 
 some measure unsettled, To a symbolical alpha- 
 bet or the syllabic system I feel opposed, as it 
 seems to present a double labour to the Indian, — 
 to learn the symbols in order to acquire his own 
 tongue, and afterwards our alphabet for the 
 study of the English language. Nor do I see 
 myself the gain of adopting an alphabet differing 
 much from our own, artificial and unnatural al- 
 though ours may be. Our object is to teach the 
 Indian through our language, and to introduce 
 him to our habits of thought. Our object is not 
 to lose the amount of labour bestovved on the 
 Cree and Chippeway language in the grammars 
 already comi)iled, but rather to abridge and in- 
 
33 
 
 l1- 
 
 troduce more of system. A short grammar of 
 the two languages, a few elementary lesson- 
 books and primers might first be prepared ; and 
 then we should be the better fitted for the solemn 
 and responsible task of translating the volume of 
 inspiration. All this, my reverend brethren, we 
 must do ourselves, for the fact is, that none of 
 those who speak the language, and interpret for 
 us, understand it grammatically ; they can speak, 
 but they cannot analyze, they can give us a sen- 
 tence, but they cannot parse its words. 
 
 For the very use of language as an instrument 
 has to be taught to the Indian. He knows not 
 the Bible, the book of God, and we wish to give 
 him the word of life ; but we must take l lower 
 level, and remember at the same time that he 
 knows not any book, nor the value of those mys- 
 terious signs which give us the thoughts and feel- 
 ings of others, who lived and breathed many 
 thousand years ago. And this you must have felt 
 yourselves as a metaphysical difficulty, one may 
 say, impeding your free intercourse with the In- 
 dian. You talk to him of the life of the Saviour, 
 His miracles, Kis crucifixion, and ascension ; and 
 the Indian, when you tell him of the blind re- 
 stored to sight, or the dead brought to life, an- 
 swers by producing some tale or legend, which 
 has passed from mouth to mouth, and been re- 
 ceived as traditionary truth, of some similar case 
 among themselves. He cannot discover the 
 difference he thinks as much credit may be 
 
;j4 
 
 attucljed to his legend us to our Gospel. lie has 
 to learii the vahie of a l)ook; how its contents 
 travel from a'^c to aiic;, — how it can come "witli 
 the seal of anti(|uity u])on it, and claim the reve- 
 rence and homa;^e of mankind. lie has to learn 
 this of anv book, and then he will come to look as 
 he ouoht upon the hook of God, the voice of the 
 Most llio'h sj)eakin<>* to us from heaven. 
 
 Let me not be understood as speakin<v with 
 anything of despondency of the language and its 
 difficulties. Far from it : a mighty step has been 
 taken in the ordination of one native of the soil 
 to })lead with his fellow-countrymen in their own 
 tongue. And now that his preparation for orders 
 is over, I hope to have much more time to devote 
 to "^uch studies. In this work 1 would solicit 
 your freest suggestions : the more immediate con- 
 sideration of it I would Hx for summer. As 
 last winter w^e held something of a diocesan 
 meeting for mutual conference and arrangement 
 of matters connected with parochial and minis- 
 terial duty ; so, next sunnner, when, if it please 
 God, one now absent may be among us,* I hope 
 we may meet as a kind of translation- committee, 
 for the purpose of furthering God's word, and, as 
 its handmaid, our own Prayer-book. 
 
 If such, so various and complicated, are our 
 discouragements, what, it may be asked, has yet 
 been ertected in tlie land ? has any real progress 
 been made ? 
 
 '■' l?ov. ,1. Ilmitor. 
 

 as 
 
 L'ess 
 
 My answer is, Look around, and coni])are tlie 
 oircumstancos of the Red River now with wluit 
 they were thirty years a^^o. We can scarcely 
 imagine the country without a minister to com- 
 fort and encourai»e the inquirer, to cheer and 
 gladden the sick by his visit, and raise the eye of 
 the dying to a better land. We can scarcely 
 imagine the condition of the family, when no ma- 
 trimonial bond had been solemnly entered into, 
 no blessing of God invoked on the union : we 
 cannot imagine children growing up w^ithout any 
 dedication to the Saviour in infancy, no educa- 
 tion to pre])are them for their duties in life, none 
 to fit them for an endless eternitv. We cannot 
 imagine the dead consigned to the grave without 
 any religious service, — -no minister to comfort the 
 bereaved and to solemnize the occasion to those 
 left behind. Yet such things must have been : 
 weeks without their sabbath, — sick beds without 
 comfort, — death beds without hope. And is there 
 no chanQ-e now ? Let the condition of the settle- 
 nient convince the bliudest. There is a very 
 exemplary observance of God's holy day ; a 
 good attendance in the house of God ; a very 
 large number of communicants, and I hope, at 
 home, much patient and careful study of God's 
 word. We may still be far removed from what 
 we ought to be, as a people living in the fear 
 and worshi]) of God, but, in the retrospect of the; 
 past, we must be guilty of the deepest uuthank- 
 fulness, were we not to say, " What hath God 
 wrought '" 
 
 D '1 
 
3(> 
 
 And, j)assing iVoiu the settlement, what is the 
 effect elsewhere as regards the scattered Indians ? 
 To judge of this, you must see (as T have seen) 
 the houses around Christ Church, Cumberland, 
 and the canoes conveying the worshippers to it 
 each Sunday morning; or must [)ass beyond, and 
 see the little band enjoying this winter, for the 
 first time, tlie ministrations of a clergyman at Lac 
 La Ronge.* Great already is the influence of the 
 Gospel in those quarters, and very hopeful the 
 prospect as regards the Indian mind. Our posi- 
 tion at present I sometimes contemplate in the 
 following way : I compare it with what existed in 
 apostolic times, between the Day of Pentecost 
 and the publication of the first gospel or epistle. 
 Was there not an interval of time when those 
 enlightened by the Spirit at Jerusalem went forth 
 and spread the tidings to others, who in their 
 turn took up the news, and bee ime publishers of 
 the word themselves ? Thus, doubtless, many 
 were gathered in, and added to the Church ; and 
 yet tliis was the interval, as was well shown by a 
 late lamented divine,f when error crept in, and 
 those heresies, the mention of which at first star- 
 tles one in the apostolical epistles. And so too 
 very many are they, who brought into the Red 
 River have heard the word of life, and converted 
 by th^ Spirit have embraced Christianity : very 
 
 i 
 
 * The Rpv. Robt. Hunt. 
 
 t The Rev. Ed. Burton, D.D., Reg. Prof, of Div., Oxford, 
 in his Bampton Lectures. I have not access to the book, and 
 quote only from memory. 
 
37 
 
 many those, who at Cumberland have accepted 
 the glad tidings. When they return to their 
 tents, " out of the abundance of the heart, 
 the mouth speaketh :" of one I have personal 
 knowledge, who thus continued speaking for a 
 week together without allowing himself his usual 
 repose, so great was the anxietv to hear him. And 
 yet, we must fear, that some error would be 
 mingled with the trutli, and that the amount of 
 error would increase with each successive channel. 
 The word of God then is passing from lip to 
 lip, M'hether we will or no, and let us not stay the 
 voices of those vvho would tell it abroad, but let 
 us at the same time endeavour to obtain addi- 
 tional agency, so that none who desire the know- 
 ledge may lack it in its purity. The Indians 
 already recognize a power and life in the treasure 
 we possess ; they acknowledge that a greater 
 than human arm is with the white man; they 
 feel that on him their arts of conjuring are inef- 
 fectual ; that '* there is no enchantment against 
 Jacob, neither any divination against Israel." 
 
 On the subject of discipline and order, I have 
 but little to remark. In the former there is more 
 of strictness than at home, — long may it remain 
 so ! It depends much on the respect with which 
 the individual clergyman is regarded, and the 
 authority which he is thus enabled to exert over 
 his people. Such hitherto has been your control 
 quietly exercised over your flocks, that as regards 
 the api)roach to the Lord's table, you have been 
 able to observe a most wholesome vigilance. You 
 
38 
 
 'li 
 
 have been able to keep back those, of whom you 
 stood in doubt ; and allowed none to draw near 
 for the first time, without previous application to 
 yourselves. I have only to request you to perse- 
 vere in the same spirit, acting in this painful part 
 of your duty with the utmost tenderness and cir- 
 cumspection. 
 
 As regards external order and ritual con- 
 formity, there is as little necessity to say much. 
 In the services conducted in St. Andrew's church, 
 in the Middle and Indian churches, there is 
 scarcely an improvement which I could desire, 
 and to them I may add Christ Church, Cumber- 
 land. All is done, which can recommend the 
 simplicity of our beautiful services to the hearts 
 of the humble worshipper ; and surely, the prayer 
 and adoration of our last Sunday within these 
 walls * lead us, who have come from afar, to feel 
 that worship is of no time and place. All 
 seemed then of one heart and mind in the sanc- 
 tuary, and wliile we enjoyed communion together 
 before God, we felt the blessedness of that com- 
 munion of saints, which is the best earnest and 
 foretaste of heaven. 
 
 Of the services in other places I cannot speak. 
 Where the congregation is an infant church, 
 gathered from heathenism, some latitude must be 
 allowed the clergyman in abridging the service, as 
 is the case in India.f He must avail himself of 
 
 * The Ordination Simday, when the coiifireuution oxcecdecl 
 1>100, and the number of communicants was ahout 'MM). 
 t This is done I find al Manitolm, 
 
;]9 
 
 the assistance of the best interpreter, until a 
 translation of the Prayer-book is completed and 
 sanctioned by authority. If aL the Upper Church 
 some things still remain, ^vhich may require 
 change, it is because I am unwilling to make any 
 alteration, until the tenure of that church is finally 
 settled, and the question of the Ciiurch-lands de- 
 cided.* Of the favourable arrangement of this 
 long agitated point during the next summer I 
 have every assurance. 
 
 Shall however our exertions be limited to these 
 spots already occupied, shall nothing be done to 
 gain fresh stations? These may call for some 
 remark. Of new stations under contemplation, I 
 would mention five. The district of the Assini- 
 boine, in wdiich I hope hereafter to ])lace the 
 Church of St. James, 1 may regard as already 
 commenced, service being held in a licensed 
 school-room, and 1 trust it may prove a blessing 
 to the growing population of that river. Moose 
 Lake too I may consider as commenced, as to it 
 Mr. Hunter has already paid periodical visits. 
 Tiiere, during the present winter, a catcchist is 
 labouring.! It will form Mr. IVadd's more im- 
 mediate charge when he can leave Cumberland, 
 and there, 1 hope, i, goodly number will, in a 
 month or two, be bajUized by him. As his first 
 ministerial si)lu're, let it have an es])ecial i)lace in 
 
 * Tills qucstiun is, iii some measure, similar to that of the 
 Clerffv lleserves in Canada. 
 
 t IJe is supported by a part of tlie Grant, made to me for 
 dioeesan purposes by the Christian l\.now!e(l<;'e Society. 
 
40 
 
 our prayers. Two others, Moose Fort, James's 
 Bay, and Swan River, were offered to me by the 
 Hon. Company. From the former the Wesleyans 
 have latterly withdrawn, and I hope it may be 
 occupied in summer by a clergyman from the 
 Church Missionary Society, who will gradually 
 open communication and intercourse with the 
 Indians at Albany, Rupert's House, and the East 
 Main. In Swan River I have no immediate 
 prospect of a clergyman, and am therefore obliged 
 to forego a sphere, where, I believe, the Indians 
 are promising and anxious for instruction. Of 
 York I have already spoken, and would only fur- 
 ther say, that I feel it a reproach that, when the 
 vessels annually arrive from England, there should 
 be no clergyman and representative of our Church 
 to meet and welcome them. 
 
 To sum up then my own labours, and our pre- 
 sent numbers and condition. Tw^o churches have 
 been consecrated, that of St. Andrew's, Red 
 River, and Christ Church, Cumberland, with the 
 burial-ground of the latter. Two Ordinations have 
 been held ; at the first one deacon, at the second 
 one deacon and two priests were ordained. Be- 
 sides this, there have been five Confirmations, 
 four at the Red River and one at Cumberland. 
 The number of clergy at the present moment, 
 with myself, is ten. Of the nine, four have, I 
 may say, parochial charges, including that of the 
 Assiniboine. The other four have native charges, 
 and more purely missioiiaiy work. Indeed, that 
 of the Indian settlement I niav surelv cull a 
 
41 
 
 parish, as also that of Cumberland : when I 
 think of the two churches, the worshippers and 
 the communicants, they are like " fields which 
 the Lord hath blessed." May the other two soon 
 possess living worshippers and a material temple ! 
 To these we have only to join Mr. Budd, as as- 
 sisting at Cumberland and labouring between that 
 and Moose Lake. Nor ought I to forget the one 
 laborious and earnest-minded catechist, who has 
 prepared the way for Mr. Hunt, and is now his 
 fellow-helper in the work.* 
 
 On education, you may expect me to say some- 
 thing, but time forbids me to enter upon the 
 subject at length. To the schools of the settle- 
 ment I can buar willing and conscientious testi- 
 mony. They are very numerous, more so than 
 the population would require, were it not that the 
 houses are built only on the bank of the river, 
 and chiefly on one side. A solid, substantial, and 
 scriptural education is thus afforded. There is 
 no excuse for any child growing up without in- 
 struction, as in each school there is a proportion 
 of free scholars, through the liberality of the 
 Church Missionary Society. There is, as the re- 
 sult of these schools, together with the respective 
 Sunday-schools, an amount of intelligence among 
 the young which agreeably surprised me on first 
 coming hither, and from which I augur the hap- 
 piest consequences as regards the rising genera- 
 tion. 
 
 Besides these, there is the higher school, almost 
 * Mr. James iScttec. 
 
42 
 
 i.i'i 
 
 I may say consigned to my care, by liim who 
 lived not to see me in the flesh : conducted with 
 great zeal and activity for many years by that 
 lamented clergyman, whose name and memory 1 
 would ever hold in reverence.* Dying the day of 
 my entrance into the Red River, his wish was 
 that the first offer of it should be made to me by 
 those whom he left Ijehind. And (iod seemed to 
 direct me not to refiise. It has laid upon me 
 more of labour, but that labour has been its own 
 reward. To it, in anticipation of the future, I 
 have given the name of " St. John's Collegiate 
 School." Should I be permitted to rebuild the 
 church there, it would be St. John's, my own 
 cathedral church, called so after the apostle of 
 whom we think to-day. Near it would be re- 
 built then, if circumstances permit, with more of 
 architectural plan, the collegiate school. As a 
 j)art of it, at j)resent and hereafter, it may be a 
 separate building, would be the institution for the 
 training of a native ministry, St. John's College. 
 And over all, whether the youth training in wis- 
 dom's ways and growing <laily in earthly know- 
 ledge, or those to be prepared in theological 
 study for the service of the sanctuary, 1 would 
 inscribe as the motto of duty and of hope, " In 
 thy light shall Ave see light." 
 
 These arc among tlie sui)iects which crowd 
 
 upon my mind, when calhnl on to address you. 
 
 Tiiese, as vou will readilv believe me, are the 
 
 subjects which occupy my daily tli'iughts. These 
 
 "• Tlu' Rev. .1. Mjifalliiiii, 
 
 T;:^ I 
 
43 
 
 .:so 
 
 subjects — " the care of all tlie cliurches," few 
 though they be — and beyond this, there is the 
 longing for fresh openings, when I look upon the 
 land in its length and breadth. It is this longing 
 which wears the spirit at times, as you can your- 
 selves testify, and which is the peculiar portion of 
 a missionary Bishop. The population appears small; 
 but how are t'ley to be approached and gathered to- 
 gether? Conferences with Indians I have held i'rom 
 time to time, — messages of inquiry I have sent. 
 Three of these are not without hope, though at the 
 time unsuccessful : the one wdth the Indians of 
 Beaver Creek, in consequence of Mr. Cochran's 
 self-denying visit there ; another with those of 
 Lac la Pluie ; the third, in which there w^as no 
 drawback, with those of Swan River.*' 
 
 Ungrateful however should I be, and ill-litted 
 to discharge my duty as your representative on 
 this occasion, were I not to acknowledge the 
 munificence and liberality received by the Church 
 in llu])ert's Land. 
 
 To the Church Missionary Society I know not 
 how the debt of gratitude can be discharged. It 
 is her happy satisfaction to feel, that she has been 
 the founder and cherisher of the Church in this 
 land. Munificentlv has she contributed towards 
 this object from year to year, not alone support- 
 ing the clergyman, that was but a small thing, 
 but constantly clothing, feeding, and supporting 
 
 * I have since urnuitrcd to send the ])resent eatechist at 
 Maiiitoha to eoinmence the work there in spring, and, I trust, 
 prepare the way tor n eU'riivman hereafter. 
 
I 'I 
 
 ti-; '. 
 
 i 
 
 44 
 
 the poor Indian and his family. The outlay has 
 been great, but the return has been far greater, 
 — many rescued souls, many bright crowns of 
 glory. We thank them for the past, in the 
 name of the poor Indian, as w^U as of the Eu- 
 ropean settler ; we ])ray them not to withdraw 
 tlieir outstretched hand of mercy. A little we 
 have this year endeavoured to do in return ; far 
 more would be done had the people ability, had 
 they the power to convert in a British market 
 their corn into money; what they could give, 
 that, I bear witness, they have given cheerfully 
 and liberally. 
 
 To the Society for Promoting Christian Know- 
 ledge I have to acknowledge our obligations for 
 the liberality of their votes to the Church in 
 Ruperts Land at their meeting the day before I 
 quitted England. Of the £300 assigned to me 
 for diocesan purposes, most of the churches have 
 reaped some benefit. £50 were given by me 
 towards the com})letion of the church in w^hich 
 we are now assembled ; £50 towards the erection 
 of the school, which will, I hope, soon meet the 
 eye between the parsonage and church. 
 
 To the Bible Society you were all of you much 
 indebted before my arrival for their unvarying 
 kindness from year to year. In my own name I 
 have to thank them for two large grants, by 
 which I hope a depot of Bibles in English, 
 French, and Ciaelic, may be kept at York, Cum- 
 berland, and the Red River. 
 
 From the Society for the Pro[)agation of the 
 
45 
 
 Gospel I have not yet derived aid ; but I am not 
 without hope, that a memorial which I have sent 
 home may lead them to make a grant for the 
 support of one clergyman at least. As they are 
 connected already with all the other dioceses of 
 British North America, so I trust they will not 
 refuse to take some interest in this, the remotest 
 and not the least need v. 
 
 To these noble and venerable Societies, in 
 praise of which I need not speak before you, my 
 reverend brethren, I have ventured to add one 
 among ourselves for the benefit of the diocese 
 exclusively; a Diocesan Church Society for 
 grants to Schools or Churches, or the salaries of 
 Clergymen. It will be to aid those spots where 
 parishes are gradually formed, and from which 
 missionary assistance is consequently withdrawn. 
 It exists as yet only in name ;* my chief wish is 
 to make it a centre for legacies, should any from 
 a distance wish to benefit the country permanently, 
 or should any, who have acquired wealth in it, 
 desire, after the example of him whose munificent 
 bequest founded the bishopric,f to leave behind 
 some token of their anxiety for the welfare of 
 those, through whose labour they have amassed 
 their riches. 
 
 And are there not those besides, whom we are 
 
 * This fund, as yet, only amounts to ^£130. It is not my 
 intention to draw from it until a considerable sum shall have 
 been raised. 
 
 t The late Alex. Leith, Esq., Chief Factor in the H. H. B. 
 Company's service, Cumberland. 
 
f; . 
 
 I » 
 
 3 i'. 
 
 3 j( 
 
 !*», 
 
 4f) 
 
 bound to tlitink to-day ? Althougli our ea<^{-T 
 wishes for tlio spiritual welfare of tlie Indian may 
 at times n^o beyond the views of the Hon. Com- 
 pany, to whom God has committed the govern- 
 ment of this land, yet surely we ought to make 
 some acknowledgment for the courtesy and kind- 
 ness, which have marked an intercourse of many 
 years. From their representatives I have myself 
 experienced great attention, and have ever found 
 mv suo'irestions met in a friendlv and cordial 
 sj)irit. To the Hudson's Bay Company, along 
 with the bequest referred to, we are solely in- 
 debted for this bishopric. I have a satisfaction 
 in feeling that I am supported, not by distant 
 liberality, but from this very soil, and to this soil 
 it is my wish to dedicate all I derive thence, and 
 whatever of strength and energy I possess. One 
 thing, I am aware, is still wanting, that we should 
 in our ])ublic services unite in prayer to (lod for 
 those bearing rule in the land, that they might 
 ever use the power, of which they are stewards, 
 with a view to the glory of God, and the best and 
 hiij^hest interests of those committed to them. 
 Such a form of })rayer I hope shortly to sanction, 
 as used in other colonies and dependencies of the 
 British Empire. 
 
 And now, my reviuend brethren, I dismiss you 
 to your work ; and may the Lord strengthen and 
 bless you in it. It is a work of difliculty, as has 
 been suHiciently shown ; it is a work in which 1 
 wouhl be engag(>d with you heartily and fervently. 
 My own is no easy task, so to lay the foundation, 
 
 * 
 
47 
 
 so to consolidate tlic Churcli of Clirist, as its 
 tirst Bisho]! liore, tliat daina<>e may not be re- 
 ceived ill aiiytlni^i,^ Great the responsibility of 
 commencing episcopal ministrations here : vet 
 this ] feel tliat I scarcely do, as the visit of 
 the Bishop of Montreal, by his winning and 
 conciliatory manners, smoothed the way, and pre- 
 sented our church in the most favourable aspect, 
 and disarmed many a prejr .e even before my 
 arrival. We are now, I trust, stronger, although 
 still a little band ; already we double the number 
 of those engaged in the ministry the winter before 
 I came. What may be the future destiny of the 
 land we know not ; whether the gradual diminu- 
 tion of the means of subsistence, the failure of 
 the chase and fishery, the increasing want and 
 distress of the Indian population, may bring in a 
 brighter day of Gospel light, is know only to God. 
 Our concern with them is as immortal beings, 
 whose souls we must endeavour to save. And 
 with our flocks already gathered in, our concern 
 is for eternity, — to labour as those to whom will 
 soon be addressed the solemn words, " Where is 
 the flock that was given thee, thy beautiful 
 Hock r 
 
 Return then, brethren, to preach and minister 
 to your flocks, and may it be in the fulness of the 
 blessing of the Gospel of Christ. Preach to them 
 affectionately, so that they may feel, that they 
 live in your hearts, and that you long for their 
 souls. Preach to them fully " the whole council 
 of (lod ;" dwell not on favourite and isolated 
 
48 
 
 texts ; but keep to the proportions and " analogy 
 of faith," as it stands before you in the volume of 
 Scripture. On this ground adopt often expository 
 preaching, passing through books and larger por- 
 tions of the word ; thereby you will relieve your 
 own consciences, and best consult the everlasting 
 welfare of your people. They have to learn God's 
 word ; let them have more than detached texts 
 explained to them. Be diligent students, that 
 you may be faithful preachers. Deal also in ex- 
 planation of the services of the Church, for then, 
 they will not only love what they hear from the 
 pulpit, but they will love and reverence those 
 prayers, in which they first commune with God 
 and His word, before they listen to the words 
 of man. And, what you preach, live ; be a pat- 
 tern and example to the flock ; lead them in their 
 journey heavenward, and then, " when the Great 
 Shepherd," who is at once their Shepherd and 
 ours, ' shall appear, you shall receive a crown of 
 glory that fadeth not away.' 
 
 »> 
 
 THE END. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTBD BY G. J. P.\LMER, SAVOY STRRKT, STRAND. 
 
ogy 
 
 e of 
 
 tory 
 
 por- 
 
 oiir 
 
 iing 
 
 3d's 
 
 JXtS 
 
 hat 
 ex- 
 len, 
 the 
 ose 
 Jod 
 rds 
 at- 
 eir 
 eat 
 Jid 
 of