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Itock loep forses «sin;, rnits lop a liiX ai W'kei cces< liss oil rm iJ looh Inicij it Wl . CONTENTS kjapital at coinmeaceinent and value at present.... «..l. i to Si tNamO'S and addresses olSottlers fiiving testimony , ], 9 to 10 (infonaation i'or Ouidance of [ntending Settlers 10 to H How to obtain (xovermuont Lands , 11 to 12 iibeiality of Canadian Laud iiogulations lo The Climate 12 to 1»^; fhe Fanning Seasons 16 to 17 Wimer Frosts 17 to 20 Vinter and Summer Storms '.. 21 to 22 fhe Soil • 23 to 25 ^ueland Water 20 to 28 \mn crop^.-.... 29 to 31 loots and Vegetables ,., 1-i to 35 le Use of Manure 35 took Raising and Tlay Sup[ily. ; 35 to 39 lioep Raising 39to4I iTses, Pigs <%nd Poultry , 41 uidng of Bees.... 42 |iMits ■ 42 ;|(>ps 42U143 Lx and Hemp , 43 KM't in the North-West 43 larkels ,.,. , , 4r» Recess ot Settlers 46 to jO i>s of Settlers now in the North- VVost 50 inxi Labour .....; 50 jiurohes , .' - 51 loois 51 micipal (xovernment 51 Jt Words of Settlers 51 to 54 lil I [ 1 *^^m^. TIJE ^^|.^^._. Canadian Pacific Roilway Conipany IIA\ E iJEIJN AWARDED IIIE DIPLOME D'HONNEUR FOU I'HI'.flt KXilllitl' OF A 1 ",* id ^n,imM. mmiM C fk>\ili -i^s^ w^., \w?^ 'Ckujr'iu ALSO THE GOLD MEDAL FOR SPECIMENS OF WHEAT -AM) THE- ENERAL AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT -AT THE- r ^^. .^- / / ' ; i1MW^urchised to ^e maintained thereon until final paym'^i'. has been made 2. All taxes and assessnieuts lawfully imposed upon the land or improvemeuts to be paid bv tlu purchaser 'A. The Company reserves from sale, iiuder these regulations, all mineral and coal lands ; and lands containing timber in (juautities, stone, slate t\nd marble quarries, lands with water power thereon. ttiu\ tracts for town site> and '•ai]\vay jmrposes 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and t|uarvi"s, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed of on very mod< ate terms to persons giving satR.fa( tory evidence f»f their iutenliou au(,l ability to utili/< the same. 4. The Oompan;- reserves the right to take without remuuerution (except f( r the value of buildintiv and improvemeuts on the required portion of the hiiid) a strii? «^r strips ol land 20u feet wide, to be used iVn right ot way, or other railway purposes, wherever the line of the Camidian lV.''itic Railway, or any branch thereoi, is or shall le located. lJI)eral rati's for settlers and their effects wiK Ije gran'cd by the Company over its Railway. For further particulars, apply to the Company's Land Commissioner, JOHN H. McTAVISH, Winnipeg. Montreal, January, lf'8fi. NOTE. -SOUTHERN MANITOBA. The Manitoba and South W-'stern Railway (leased bj the Canadian Pacific) has now been ex.t,ende'' fvom Manitou to the neighbourhood of Wliitewuter Lake (see maj)), and applications lor lands along thin line will n w be received. Thes? are among the choicest lands in the Provinco, and will be sold on verj reasomdile tenuii to actual settlers. Apply to Mr McTAVISH tor prtcea and coaditions 1" WHAT SETTLERS OP THK CANADIAN NORTH-WEST u ; but the A PLAIN STATEMENT OF THE EXPERIENCES OF FARMERS RESIDENT IN THE COUNTRY. issioner, (onditlons MBODIED in the following pages are plain facts from farmers in the Canadian Nortn-West on many points of interest to intending settlers. It shonld be stated tha circnUij' letters asl^ing for inforniatior were sent out to all farmers in the country v, hose addresses could be procured. The replies received were so numerous as to makeit quite nipossible to embody them all in one pamphlet. Those given in tlie following pages relate chietly to the mam questions present, in the iirst instance, to the mind of an intending settler. The full address of each settler is given in the hrst instance only, It is, of course, competent j'or any leader, by v/riting to the address given in each case, to verify the accuracy of the anwer now publislied. Questions were asked as lollows ; — When did you Iirst settle in .the North-West? How much capital did you commence with ? ^ What do you consider the present value of your farm ? These (luestions elicited the followi:]g answers from actual settlers : — Naruf. Vrootor, Ifenry Yiuuig, .loliii M. 1j. Ciu'iif', Williiiiu.... (.'iuuwou, G. A Dickson, J. W, . . . Way;in'r, W. (M. P IM MifHM, Jainos. ... Hole, J Little, Juuuss. Postal Address. When I Settled Capital at Commeiiceinent. lii.lum Head, W. W^ T.. Anuiud, P. 0., Man. ... Ossowa, J>lau. Black Ox Farm, Oreuiell, N. W. T Uegiua, IS. W. T Manitoba . Wo(wl]iiiub, Mituitobd..., 1873 McHWiiiiii, P. 0. Asa I 1831 (Miatiir, Mau 1J^80 1882 1882 1871 1872 18813 1879 Nothing,' 1 was in debt ^10 Hail 110 money to lie> budd, and all of tb.iit I nuide by working out Nout None ; I had to be an agricultural laborer at tirst N'ot any I had a team of horsci, waggon, plougli and harrow Value of Farm. $12,000 J1,<)U0 Alumt 810,000 to S:i2,000. $3,000 to 12,500 ^.2,500 r wasofTcrt>d|20i»r aere aud refused... 1900 |2,000 I have 320 acres, which if. worth $7,000 : town pro- l«rtv $1,000 _J ■ PLAIN FACTS IS TO THE CANADIAN NOU'^M-WEST. ii Name. Postal Address. Shell River, Man, Griswold, Man, Field. Edward. . . . Jjcitch, Angus. . . . Walker, J. G' udalf'P. 0. Man,... Vandervoort, G. . , Alexandria . Smart, George Kenny, David W Morton , Thos. L.. Eawson, James., .. Chambers, S. Agncw, .T.araes. Bruce, George , Perky, W. 1>.„ Holland, P. 0., Wolf Creek, Sec 31, T 15, R, 10, Asa Gladstone, Man MoTuitidn Oitv, Sec. 16, T2, R. 6, \V. Man... Wattsview, P. 0., Man. Whfn Settled Capital at conimencomcnt. 1867 None 1S81 None 1877 None whatever 1876 JNo "apitid at all. Upon entering on my liouicstead I had not one dollar left. . . 1879 Nothing 1883 What paid the passage for my family oud freif;ut 1873 Nil 1877 Notanv. Value of r£,rm. McGill, G.'orge. , , Harward, Fred.,, liorison, W . D Davis, John B. . . , Troyer, Christian. Pollock, Jolm,... Brandon, Man, , . . Gladstone P. 0, Man. Wolseley, N, W. T,... Carrol ton P. 0. Man. . . Little, J. Wilson, Janv R. . . , McGregor, ' , Eiddell, Itobert,.,. Hall, i> Bolton, Ferns Carter, Thomtis.... Warreu, K. J. Littleron, Mr.n OWron P. 0, Man. McLean. Assa, N. W. T. Sec, 22, T. 3, E. 2, W. 2, Alameda, N.W, T. In Southern Manitoba 1879 Wolf C?reek, Assa., l N. W . T , . Neepawa, Man Stoddervill', Ma r, Griswold, Man , Salisbury, P, 0., Man,., Soiuh Antics, N. W. T. Cnlf Mountain, Man. . . . Woo,000 $2,f»00 $•380 ,$4,00.-) $400, \vith $1420 to follow in 11 mouths. iPave refused $4,000 $100 (ash, 1 yoke of oxen, two cows and a good stnrlr of clothing $1.50 The collector absconded, and the $1420 never came to hand About $400 M"^ut $400. Al. nut $400. $400 $400. $400. will not take le.st, than $5,000 About $1,000. have $1,000 in implements, and $2,u00 stock. $3,500 1,088 acres, vain*.! at $25 per acre At lea.st $5 au acre $2,000 $10 per acre PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. Naiup. Lawrie, i. M Postiil Address. Birtlo, Man. Iviiie.«, William.... : Big riains, Osprey, Man Cowiord, C. (J.P.)iOssowa, Man Hall, W. B IHoadingley, aMan Chester, A llarringmirst, Man When Settled Tat'<, James Sec. 30, T. 2, K. 2, W. I Alameda I'.O., Assa. . . Connorsoti, Jamcia. Muimnvashta, Man McCoiTOac.;., David Sec. 22, T. IT, R. 30, Fleming P.O., Man... Kempt, John Austin, Alan Conuell, 'r. K. . . .!(%py ?.(),, Man IVesley, John G. .' Mouse Jaw, Assiniboia. . . Mcliitriflv, Wm..'Ko;.^c Bank Fnrm, Crys- tal City P.O., Man.:. Kogeifi, Thoma.'t . . , .Shepn,ird, Jos. . . , Fanner, W, A..., rVclptrcp, Francis. , Bonc.-,tcl], C. H. . , Andtrsoii, (jt'org(\ M.Caughey, J.S. Hoiwlin, J. J Day, Samuel -Stevenson, G. B. noy](>,W.A.(J.P. Wat, Jani(.'.s , Ifan<\v, A. W,.., fiind! Biothei-s,. Eeid, Alex , Iv'uilway View Fann, Moose Jaw, Assa [n.Uan Head, N.W.T... Tleadiiiglcy, Man Portage la'Priiiric, Man. Phea.sant Plain, K'ulis P.O., Assa, N.W.T... Rpid, E.J Dr., A8S.a. . . . Alumcda. As.sa, N.W.T. K;i])itl City, Man Diu'liam Park Farm, Uegina P.O., N.W.T. Briiinlon, P.O., Mau. WoWley, N.W.T Cariium P.O., Man 'Sov: 7, T. IJ, R. 18, i ^V. Brundoa, MfUi. } Moosomii!, -N.W.T Dalton, Brandou Co. . , . When Set lied Bobicr, Thomas.,, Mc'lutyi-e, John. . . Harriijou, D. H. , . "Wright, Thoniii.'! & Sous Sonrisburg, Mann, .1 Moosoinin, Aasiniboia, N W. T Milton Famj, iiPar Red- no, iN.W.T NewdaleP.O., Mau This?tlp and Wright Farms, Qu'Appelle, Assa, N.W.T 18S2 1879 ISSil 1882 18S2 1883 May, 1S84 1882 1879 April 1884 18S2 1880 1880 1882 18Sa 1881 1882 Capital at Commeuceinent. $2,600 About §3,000. S;3,000 ,§.%00U. I have a large family.. §4,000 , [About ^1,000 , i?4,000 , '$.'),000 'S.').000. |^'.,000 . .$.0,000 p,200 About |6,O0O. My tA\o sons ami .«elf I'etnhed ^7,000 in cash, .stock and luipleuieuts $10,000 Value of Fanu. $5,000 ; more whea we get M. N, VVestem llailway. All my lands ai-- worth 312,000 ■>( §15,000. $P,000. I'o not want to sell. $(),000 to 37,000. it .should be worth $5,000. I would not scli under .flSjxiracre $32,000. .^10,000. ^,000 for the on* I live on. !?12,000 for the aec, ;«1 5,000, From $12,000 ti $15,000. §1,200, that is my half section. §50,000. $30,000 , Have several; wortii from ^10 to $V^ per acre. $30,000 invested up to Ist Sejitember, i|l2 improved antt I 160 1 «/ llllJiririTVlVi-. ' 1884, $7 unimprove ,pf NOUTH-WKST. Ni ame. Cajm'.ron, Wni. C. ., CuJiipiou, Brothers, CiUiipbt'U, Kobert. . i'nrroU, AH , thiUiipion, W. M. , CoimoU, Kobcrt ... Coay, TliOiUfts Cox, AVilliaiu CoxJ, -lohuT Daniel, .Toscpli. ... Address. Elliott, Robert W. V.hon, Jolm Kaniiery, W.J .FavLfay, .1 ohn li . . . Fill! ay, James. .. t'islier, ilejuy;. .. Kriiaer Johu S.. . . , Fraw^r, Jolm • • • » • • < Fraser, D. 1) Garratt and Fergusou, Gibson, William (Ubaour, H. C (jordou, Lijslie , Gniluim, Murk Graug, J . , Grimmett, D. W •••••«< Ifaddow, James HtdJ, David IJaiiiiuh, S. (lleoveofAVhite- bftad) Harris, A. 13 Hartuey, James H Hoard, Charles Hoiie, Geoigo Homor, T. R Howey, Will... Hutrhijisou, A. Hume, Alex luffraui , W. A Jeflrey, Williaui (Juur,). .. Jobustoa, Jaraca Jones, Jain"s., Keijiiodv, TlioniMsi King, M Kinnear, J. H l:ing, liobeil; Leewart, R. N LotTiiau, James McAskie, James WoHeau, Angus ilcDianiiid, Colin McDonald, W. W...' F-dgeloy Farm, (Ju'AiipoUe Mauitijba. P.iidge Creek i'.O., Man. Camjtoti r.O., .Man. Reuburn P.O,, Stiu. Osprey P. 0., Man. Mauitob;!.. Milltbrd, Man. Hox 14, Rapid City, Man. Fostiuastcr and Farmev,Moo- tiomin, N.W.T. McLean, N.W.T. Sec.'M, T.l.R.ll, W. Man. McLem, N.WM. Manitou, Man. Slioal Lake, Man. Regin;i, N.W.T. Bculaii I'.O., Man, Sec. 13, Tp, 12, K^ 19, Bran- don, Man. Oik River, Man. , Kcnlis P.O., IS'.W.*P;- ' iA-)n^^stol)t■ Farm, Wolscley, N.W.T. Moose Jaw, :N.W.T. \Qm .ippelk', N.W.T. I'ortiige la Prairie, Man. iCartwriiiht, Man. Sec. 26, Tp. 8, R. 28, W. Elm A^alley P.O., Man. M;!uitona. Austbi P.O., M;in. Criswold, Man. Benlah P.O., Man. Komis, Mail. Lake Fran< is, Man. Carl>n'ty, Man. IVridiiunia, iMan. Warleigh P O , Man. Craven P.O., near Regina Cliater P.O., Man. Millford, Man. Rapid City, Man. Rraudon, Man. I'oi'tage la Praixie, Man. Stoddartville, Man. Belle Plain, N.W.T. Pinni Creek, Man. Oak Lake, libm, Balgome, Assa., N.W.T. Pipe Stone P.O., Mim. Beaver Crtiek P.O., Man, Brookdale P.O., Man. Oladstoue P.O., Man. Fleming, N.W.T. Mi-Dougall, Adam <} (Reeve ol' Wallace) Address. MoGe.', Thomas M(jGhoe, Jame.s Mcintosh, Archibald , McKellar, Dmica)).. . McKen/ie, Donald . ... McKenziiJ, Kenneth ., McLaue, A. M. , McLean, John A,. ., . jMcIjenuan, Thomas.. , McMurtn , Thoiua,s, .. , McHac, Roderick. . McTellan, Ji-lm . . . Malcolm, Andrew.. Middletou, Alex.. . Miller, Robert S.'. Mitchell, John Mitchell, J M(K>re, George Mooney, Jolm ■ M eirbead, Thomrus . . . , iNelsrm Robert jNiwrnnn, Charle.s. , ,., Niekell, William Niti; J. R Nugent, .Arnold J.. ... !Obeo, F |Oliver, Thomis Orr, Janierf D Osltorne, Daniel Parr, James E , Par.sktw and Ilealey . . , Virden P.O., Man. iki inside, Man. Hlake, Man. Br.ji)dviesv, A.i.sa., N.W.T. Rapid <.'ity, Man. Arrow River P. 0., Man. Ijurn.side, Man. Chairman Municipal Council, S. (iu'Appelle, N.W.T. Gladstone, Man. A.se.ssippi P.O., Mim. See. 18, T. H, R. 2, Alameda P.O., N.W.T. Minnedos-i, Man. MinneJoHji, Man. Mimicdoso, Man. Halgoiuc, Aa^a., N.W.T. Haitian P.O., Man., Sec. 18, Tn. 13, R. I, W. Pos! master, Brookdale, Man. Littleton, Man. See. 4, Tp. 17, R. 1, W. Se(;. 20, Tp. 7. R. 16, Mil- fold P.O., Man. CarbeiTV P.O., Man. Birtle, Man. i Ossowa, Man. Luo;is, Man. M,w.somin, N.W.T. Lmerson, Man. ■ ■ Olenboro* P.O., Man. . P.nrnside, Man. Cavtwright P. (J,, Man. Fleming, Man. Patterson, Abr , Paul, James M, .., Paynter, W. D PaWiter, J. E Phillips, S Pierce, Stephen Plnncklt, Robert Pollard, Alfred Pollard, E. Sf^]).. . . » Pollard, H Powers, Charles F Prat, Jolm Keid, WilUam Rutherford, Johnston (P. M and J. P.) , Crystal City, Man. Se.^20, Tp. 19, R. 20, W., Regina, >f.W.T. Alexandria P.O., T. 2, R. 6, W. Man. Sec, 15, Tp. 15, R. 12. \V. Bculah P.O., Man. Beulah Man. liixiiid Oily, Man. Sec. 28, Tp. 12, R. 30, Fie- niinj^ Station, Man. Maiutotja. Sidney, Man. Manitoba. Sidney, Man. Brauatm, Man. Rouuthwaite, Man. Sec. ItJ, Tp. 13, R. 20, Rapid City, Man. Silver Creek, Man. ■:i i € 10 PLAIN FACT* A.S TO THK CANADIAN NOKTH-WKST. Name* Addresa. Screech, John Slnjtjiloy, Martin.,..^, Shirk, J. M , « • • • f • • I Siftou. A, I fcjirett, Win. ¥ Slater', Oliarles B Smith, \Villiain Smith, W. P ..., Stevenson, F. \V , Stirtou, Jauiea Stowanis, R. C Speers, A. li. JRounthwaitfi, M«ti. iWavy Bunk, Mau. ,Tp. 8, IMS, W-oflhtMer., Ifouiilhwiiite r.O. Brandon, Man. Gkudalf- P.O., Man. ■E. i S. 34, Ti.. M, II. 23, W. 1, ^Va^l^'lll^ A>\m. Ijieavcr Creek, Man. jSouris, Manitoba. .Griswold, Man. CalC Mountain, .^lan. Mitry ville. Arrow Kiv*;r P.O. , Man. Griswold, Man. Name. Addre,s.s. Taylor, John Tayloi , William 'J'li'om])flon, Stevli*'"-. Todd, P. K TuUoch, Andrew. . . . (Tjijoliii, Pnink I'rton, W. S Warnook, Wni WcUster, A Whitney, (^harlcs , Wilinott, ri. K. . . Wood, JaniPS H. . WnLdu, Cliailo.s. , Yai'dlcy, Hcniy . . S. 32, T,7, R. 25, BeUcvicw BovXdh P.O., Man, P.M., B*'av(-r (.'rcc'k, Mau. Griswold, Man. Droadviow, N.W.T. I.ako Francin, Man. Ni'cpawa, Man. Moosojaw, N.W.T. Sof.34, Tp. 17, R. H, 2 W., i Qu'ApmdIo Station. Bali,'onip, Assa., N.W.T. Doiii^las P.O , Man. Birtii', Man. , Beaccn.sfield, Man. , P.O. Oak Point, Man. reformation for the Guidance of Intending Settlers. 1 1 On arriving at Winnipeg or any other of tiie principal stations along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the first step should be to visit the Land Offices of the Canadian E^acific Railway, where the field notes and maps descriptive of the lands may be inspected, and the most minute details obtained as to the soil and general character of each locality. This will enable the intending settler to choose a locality in which to seek his farm. The land grant of the Canadian Pacific Railway along the main line has been divided into agencies as far west as the Rocky Mountains, within the limits of which lands belonging to the Company can be purchased from, the Agents of the Company at the stations hereinafter indicated. BKANDON — Lands in main belt, ranges 21 to 23 (inclusive) we«t of First Meridian. VEIvDEN.— Lands in main line belt, ranges 24 to 28 (inclusive), excepting townships 14, L5, 16 west of First Meridian. MOOSOMIN — I^nds in main lino belt, ranges 28 (part of) to 33 (inclusive) west of First Meridian, BR0.\I>V1EW — Lands in main line belt, ranges 1 to 7 (inclusiTei west of Second Meridian. WOJ^yEIJlY — Jjands in main line belt, ranges 8 to 13 (inclusive) west of Second Meridian. REG IN A — binds in main lino belt, ranges 14 to 23 (inclusive) west of Second Meridian. MOOSEJAW — Lands in main line belt, range 24 west of Second Meridian to range 10 west of Third Meridian. vSWri-T COIlllENT.->Lands in main line belt, ranges 11 to 20 west of Third Meridian to Fourth Meridian. IM.AIN FACTS A3 TO THE OANAblAV NORTH-WRRT. U :aPLK cheek.— Lands in main line belt, rwigo 20 west oi" Third Meridian to Fourth Meridian. [EDH.'INE HAT.— Ljinds in main line belt, from Fourth Meridian to range 10 west of Fourth Meridian. f'liOWFOOT Lands in main lino }>elt, ranges 11 to 20 we-^t of Fourth Meridian. ['AI/jARY. — Lands in main line belt, range 50 west of Fourth Meridian to 'summit of Rocky Moun^ tains. The business of the Swift Cnrrent ami Medicine Hat Agencies is for the present )oing rattended to by the agent, at Maple Greek, and that of Crowfoot Agency by the Lgent at Calgary. The Agents at the Land Ofliceshave, for free distribution, maps r,howing the lands )pen for sale, and those already disposed of, plans of the town plots, and pamphlets [giving descriptive notes of tlie lauds within their agencies. ' The Government have established Intelligence Offices at various points along the lUie, in charge of officers, who will give the fullest information regarding homestead lands. Attached to those offices are Land Guides, whose services are always available [gratuitously for locating those in search of homesteads. Settlers arriviug in Winnipeg shouid, before going west, call at the Land Depart- nent of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the office of n^liich is located in the station. There they can ascertain what lands are open for homesteads, and the situation of the [Government Intelligence Offices. How to OTDtain Government Lands. The Dominion Government makes a free grant of 160 acres of agricultural land to If very British subject over the age of 13 years, and also affords settlers the right to [pre-empt another 160 acres ; that is, the settler may take up the additional 160 acres, laking a payment of from 2 to 2^ dollars (8 to 10 shillings) per acre at the end of three years of settlement. Settlers taking up Government free homesteads are required [to reside on their farms for at least six months of the year during the first three years* In the case of taking free homesteads, pre-empting or purchasing from the JGoYernment, the business will have to be transacted at the nearest of the following Dominion Land Offices : — > * v i ■&• 'I 12 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTHWKST. Ageucy. Post Office. Agont. Winnipeg WiH'iii>e(7 A. H. WHITOIIER. Dufioriu Nelson Mvmcdosu W. 11. HiAM. Littlo Saskatchewan VV. M. UlLLIAKD. Birtle IHrtfe W. (i. Pkntland. iSouris Jh'iuuloH E. C. .Smith, Turtle Slountuin.. Deloruitie .1. A. Hays. Cotenu Cotcau J. J. Moliroii. Re;:;inii , ItCfihlQ, W. II. Stevenson. Touchwood TliJIs Touchwood Hills CuhiCD'y J, Mc rAOOAUT. M CalgjuT J. MoT>. (iouDov. EitniJUtou Ednt on toil , r. V. Gaijvoueau. Prince Albert Prince Albert (jleo. Dii(jK. Liberality of Canadian Land Regulations. Tho land regulations of the Canadian Government, combiiiod with the advautaj.,*'^ clTei-ed by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, are the most liberal of any on li:. North American Continent. The fee for taking up a homestead in the Canadian Norli, West is only ^ilO, whereas it is $26, and in some casec $34 in the United States ; at"l the taking of a homestead does not in Canada prevent the pre-emption of other goven; ment lands, or the purchase of Canadian Pacilic Kaihvay or Government lauds." The Climata. Following are the opinions of actual residents in regard .to the climate. TU questions' as i.ed were : — About what time does Vv^inter regularly set in, and when does it end ? Have yeiii suffered any serious hardship oi' loss from the climate in winter? Is the climalt^l healthy ? For postal address of each settler, see pages 5, G, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Dickiu, George. Hind Brothers... Urton, W. S Yardley, Henr}%, in Novoiuber, and 1st week in April. No loss or hardship. ' I 20 milos with ox train in the worst blizzard last winter. Glimai>; 1st week travelled very healthy. Latter end ofNovembor, till middle of March. Climate can't be better. Begins end. of NovemL<'r. It iy always very pleasant in the daytime. No lo.ss .>:- hardship ; you need endure none if you are careful. It is most certainly the healthiest climate 1 havo seen. About 10th November to al)oat 20th April. Climate very healthy indeed. I'LAIN FACTS AS TO THK OaNaDIAV MMITH VVRST. itchisori, A :)ctor, HotJry Jnight,W.G iith W. P |lythe, K 5f;l(l,' Edward iwrencc, JoBoph... croech, John Junievou, Wm. C... othian, James Hbfton, Wm... ........ Jmoe, (roorge i'lleton, Alf>x imock, Wm....... loid, Alex, '^aser, John., ^erley, W. D. MeOHll, Georgo cJrimmett, D. W,... |PuMy,Th08. F...,. 2nd weok in November to last ot March or first of April. No har-lship whatever. Climate very iioalthy mdcd, prol/abiy on(! of the lioalthiest in tho world. About ir)th Novcmbe.r to about 1st April. Our family (father, laother and 14 children, liave been very heallhy. 5th November to ^th April, 'rhroc years aj^o T was livhig in a .small tent until the end of Noveiulier, m} liouse not being built. Thetlu rmometer registered cont^iderably below zero at (iiaes. The cHmatc is urnloub-Ledlv liralthv, t^hti exceeding dryness of th<' air in winter being very favorable lo the healtliy and vigorous action of the iun^'^. Begins middle of November. (Uimate very healthy. About 15th November to bcginnmg of April. Had several blight frost bites. Climate decidedly Lealtliy About 1.0th November : very often later nnd sometime.^ earlier. No hardbbip or loa.q. Climate very healthy. About 20th Novonber to about March 20th, I never lost a dollar from the climate in v ater. Climate d.: healthy as any under the sun. Miildle of November to 20t}i Apiil. No hardship or loss ; with care there ie no danger. Climate vei-y healthy. 2nd week in November to end of March. N'o hardship or loss whatever. Climate very he;ilthy About 2nd week in November to end of March. I have plonglu'.d for three sea* sons ijptothe 7th Noveml or loss. M\ wife and family .'^uftered in Ontario, but not here. Climate healthy. 1 can hardly pa,; that winter always begins us early as November, but it j^cuc rally ends bct'veen March 15th and April Ist. No liardship or loss. I ditiv' a yoke of oxen 140 miles in six successive days, starting February 1st, aboi.; the coldest time we had, and did not suffer. I oon4ith November. No serious hardship or loss, but frost-bites now an lbs and sickly, now she weighs 184 lbs. and has good health. About 1st November till Istwerkin April. No hardship or loss. Stock do well if iialf cfvred for. Climate +he most healthy in the world. About 20th November till about i5th March. No hardship whatever. M* fowls also do well in winter. I liave a few black Sp.mish fowls, and m> Brahmas also do well. 1 know the climate to be very healthy. About 1st November to end of March. The snow being dry a person never h,s~ vvet or damp feet during winter. The climate is most decidedly healthy, thu; is one of the reasons I am in this countxy. 1.5th November to 1st April. I can say from experience fchis is a health^ climate. K' h or 20th November. No hardship or loss. Climate is healthy ; I never (leard any one deny it. Middle oi November till April. No hardship or loss. We have all been Ter\ lu^althy ; consider climate very healthy. Middle of November and breaks up in the beginning of April. No hardship or loss whatever, and I have roughed is as much as any of the settler.- Climate very healthy. About loth November to Ist April. A little hardship ; had to sleep out 15 or 16 nights, but no loss whatever. Climate healthy, could not more so. not be I*(.AIV FAOTS K.i TO TflK t ANADUV !>rORTri-vr«OT. 16 latover. ''!:■ irmor,VV./V Y thno. H WV 1^* VV . •««»ia«»«t say, from !^tH Ontario. ('|i H or loss. iif\ H pletree, F. , tliy. ' ■ but it ^xntf ■ >ss. I di'dV" H y Ist, uhoi,; H lomiiaon, S limate v>>,'v H Diiostoel, C. H •^hii) or 1(^S' H iieii ur> ii> r\ H inly lioalth. H nderson, Geo severe. H dry and ;i H cDougall, A. G..,. brch if 1 u L' ^1 nine. Alex .•.. ) air is j)ino H ;eveu.^on, G. B CCS now and H >r hardshlji. H ^iit'ner. Win itliy. 1 -Iscn, Robert > or l08H ,l! H ;aine ht'r> H health. H Sfnok il,i ^H clntosh, A olton, F.., ^vor. JMt H and niv H loitou, Thos. L never h,s- H^ itliy. tlia: V IM.soii, James h.toi, Chas.B healthv H o'liierson, James... ; 1 novo; H een Ter) B^ dship or H (Kenzie, K 'ennedy, Thos settlers H arris. A. B oep out B ui'tley, Noah not be H ."ith Novombor to 15th March. N'^o hanlship or loss. C'limute vory health). About tho middle of November ; wo are a}»t to have some good weather after that. Wintry ends about enart of Otobor. Never sufibred any haidship ; am w.Ul pleased with the wmter. 1 consider the clhnate very healthy. Ist week in NovemlxM- till about Apri'. No hardship or loss. I have been out a good deal with team in winter ; never been frozen yet. About the last of November, and ends in April sure. I suHered no loss from the climate last whiter. 1 consider it a very tine winter, much more so than 1 ever e.vi»ected to see here. (Timate very heaUiiy. 10th to ir)th Noveml>er and ends in Maich. No hardship or loss, and don't know of any one hi this section havuig sutlered anything serious Abouth ir»fh to liOth November, ends about ist April. No hardship or loss. Climate the healthiest in tho world. It freezes up about tho 1st November. No hardship or los;^. CJIimate healthy, jllave ploughed thre(5 yfears till 5th November. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy. 1st to 15th November till Isi .April. N'o hardship, but by the neglect of my stablemim I have lost two calves through iM^ng frozen; cow calvod dunnp night. Very healthy climate. I left Toronto with a fever, ague and rheif matism, and to day. (i5 years old, I am strong and healthy. About the 5th November till 1st April. Can't say I havt^ suffered anv hardsbiri or loss, but have found it cold, and I lost some poultry. Climate healthy upon the whole. Climate, as far as I can judge, is favorable to succesful settleni' nt. IFave not suffered any serious losses. Climate extremelj healthy. About 20tli November till 2()th March. No hardship or loss. Winters are cold but dry, and therefore I prefer it to sotter climate. CUmate paiticularly healthy. Averages from 15th November to 15th .\pril. No hardship or loss whatever. Climntc very healthy. Ploughing stopped about 10th November. No hardship or loss. CHmat.- healthy In 1883, November 15th, ended 25th Marcli, 1884. No hardship or loss in the slightest. Extremely healthy. About 15th November to 17th March, No hardship or loss. Climate by all means healthy. All the famih in perfect health ; was twenty-eight years in Holland, but never s(> well and happy as here. Phwghing stops a1>out 7th November, but, generally fine weather after. Kudu about latter end of March. No hardship or loss. Climat<^- healthy. About 5th November till 10th to tlOth April. . No hardship or loss. Neither myself nor family have had any sickness since coming here. 1st November to 1st April. No hardship or loss. Climate very healthy. 1st November to 10th April. No hardship or loss in any respect. Climate considered very healthy by almost evt rybody. U \%- ! ! I I >i M 10 P1.AIN #AOTS AH TO THB OVNADIAN N0RTHWK8T. • r :! Name. ChaDiVior», "W CftiToll, A. H Garratt & FerguRori. Bole, J • ■ Garrutt, R. S IfcLean, J. A Bedlbrd, J Elliott, Toshua Todd, P. R Dickson, Phillip Hoard, Cliarlofl ComieU, Robert Cox, William 1 Answer. About Iftt Novom>'«r to middle ol April, f have founil tho winters most oiijofl 11 bio. I iiavf b«'en io various countrios, and can say that this is the tmf,\ healthy of any I have ..vor liwd in. Al)oi.t the Ia8t of Novembtr till the latter end of March. No hardship or h enjoyed the winters oxeetsdingly. ('liniatc* very healthy. About last week in Nov< mber. We hnvo only lost one ox, and that wah thioi.^'h ne/»lect in tho first wintei in the country. Climate very healthy. Between the ITith nnd last of November, ends about tho 20th April. A uwrt can do more work and with great".) hardship or loss whatever. Cluiiaiei certainly healthy ; I find it ho, and so do a pood many more. Commences at ditterent times in Novembei-, breaks up in April. N^o hardsliifj or loss. Climate healthy for young and healthy peo[>lo ; t severe for Ai^M and infirm. The ploujih is generally .'^topped by frost Ist to 15th November. We hfu'el suffered consideral»ly from cold, ^nii do not know that wo have lost miich.| CUmate very healthy. Ground fro/eii November 7th, not much snow in Novcmbr. hardship or loss. No healthier climatsl could be desired. The Farming Seasons. The following are the seasons : — Spring. — April and May, Snow disappears rapidly, and the ground dries v'p quickly. Sowing commences from the middle to tho end of April, and flnishec in 'tie Beginning of May. Summer. — June, July, August, and part of Septemhor. Weather bright and cU 'U' with frequent showers—very warm at times during the day ; night cool and refreshing, ruvesting commences in August and ends in September. Autumn.— Part of September and October and part of November, perhaps the most enjoyable season of the year, the air being balmy and exceedingly pleasant. At 1) ih period of the year the prairie fires take place, and the atmosphere has rather a smok; appearance, but it is not disagreeable. Winter.— Pari of November, December, January, February and March. IM.AIN FACTS AS TO THK rANAItlAN' NOriTH-WHSV. 17 larly part of November llu; Iiiaiaii summer f;encral!y cominonces, mid tluui loveliest portion ol' llu; s(?as( -n. which usii.illy l;ts»s nbnv.i a fortniffhf The iii the 3ai )ws the loveliest portion ol llu; sfviscn. whiclj iisn.illy |;ts»s aboiiL a fortnighi Uher ib warm, the atrivosphnro hazy and cahii, and every td)|r( t .ippears 'o woai* a iqiiii and drowsy aspe-t. Then comes winter, gtnuirally nslioiH.i in by a soft, llt?e«;y of snow, succeeded by days of extreme clearness, Willi a rlear bine sky and Iporating atmosphere. In December the winter n'gnlarly sets i>i, and, niilil the end [March, iho weaLlier continues steady, with perhaps one thaw in .lannary. and asional snow-storjns. The days are clear and bright, and the cold muchsol'loned by brdliancy of the sun. Summer Frosts. In considering answers lo i.heqiio'^tinn" Are summer frost.spievalent or exceptional?' lonld be rememNired that last year- a most e.xception.il frosl ap[)'iared on one nij,'ht September thronghont the whole no. hern part of tlie TJnited Slates, and in some tsof British North Amerira. Th,e ,.. mage done to crops iii the Cauruiian Norlh-Wt^st proved by (JovernnuMit statistic^ >.o be much less than that generally experieiKvd the continent of North Ameri x; and the fact that tho fcHowin^- ie[»lies were given ledialeiy after a frost, even thjngh it was most exceptional, adds largely to the lie of the testimony. It should further be remr^mbered, as will be seen from the toslimor.y of many ^lers, that ill-effects from summer frosts may be, in almost every case, avoided by a tern of early ploughing ; so that each settler lias his remedy in his oav.i hands. 104 farmers (iimifrejt, ^' Exrcpijonaiy Following are replies of others, whose Ital addresses may be found on pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 1) or lU. lec m 'lie Niunp. ren, G <)n,W. 8 tchison, A ith, w. r tho, K IM. E. yrenro, J Bw.h, John ^hian, J Gheo, J ice, G rnrck, W Answer. Exceptional, doing little or no damaf^e if wheat land \h autumn ploughod. Havo seen frost by chance in July, in England. Exceptional ; most certainly not the rule. Have never experienced any. I believe exceptional, Thi« year up to date (September 13th) no fro.st to hurt the greene.st grain. We have had two slight frosts, but not to do much harm. I should say exceptional ; bul. after first week in .September we gone);dly got frost. I never lost a dollar by siimmor frost. / ' • There has been none here to do any harm. - Very rare. [ have only seen it once, and that nothing t;0 speak of. No summer frosts here. ' \ We have uever sufiered from frost during sunmier. ' Are the exception, tho frost of 1883 being the only one I have Kcon in six yeari to do any harm. ' II "i^ifr I %: 18 ri,AlN PACTS AS TO THK ("AKADUX XOUTll \TRST. Name. ReW, Alex. Grang, .1 Perloy, \V. D.. Grimmett, P. W... Purdy, T. F Steveiisoi', F, W Leepart. R. N ,.. Ingram, W. A Andorson, G Young, .1. M. L Doyle, W. A Newniun, C. V Lang, R Sheppard, .1 Finlav, .' Walker, .).(' Honor, T. R Wat,.I Maloolm, A Pollock, ,Ino.. Reid, E. .1 Rutherford. J. Eobier, T Little, James McKitrick. \V. .... , MeFellan, .1 Troyer. C Vandervoort, G Wood,,I.n Brown, \\. .) Chambers, S.W Patterson, A Little, J Black, G.R Wright A Sous. Whitney, (! The exception from all I cnn learn from men who have been ten years in ! country. Very scldoui tniuing before the 25th ISeptember. OncH in four or five years, there i.s frost about 7th September. Wo do have slight frost, but not to do any general or serious damage. A?j country bocome.^^ cultivated J feel sure they will disappear, as all neweo'ur.| in British *.a>"" > u have had that experience. Very ra;«i •-. /•.»\vinti( of once. Excejjtional. Have seen no serious sununer frosts. There was not the slightest frost this season from the fii'st week in Ma, -nn seventh September. -"im wmn I wN PACTS AS TO TllK CANAUIAV NO?{T!l WKST. 19 n years i:; never sa!'c M jLcnnan, T Ibort, J ft,<..r,D. D. I ninuv, H. C I .Hv, W. D I Hot 100, V I ^rris, Jimios , jjart, (i.... son, .Inlm DioM.T. ■Arki.\.i ll«-riie, D iriiaon, D. II lonips(»ii, S lo-'l'T, A biiostoi^l, <-'. H. JijcTit, A. J I'ConuHo.k, 1) ^nboit. W, M |jaui|iioii, W. M.... lutyre, .) ^i', -lumcs vMiirtry, T cCaiighcy, J. 8 lc\"nson, Ci. B Mplov, M hiL'noi'.W.fM.P.p.) |< aslij), ,1. J, ^\t^(m, K |irl.>ii, .) niton, F lortoii. '!'. L lllUjUK'li, il. Iftoii, A. L IclionoU, D lal', r.... |o(;ro,T IcEwon, D Excopiional, I think. Nevor did mo nny harm, and I Imvo had ihrer . rops. Wi> havo luid no frosts fliis summer. Hoar frosts arc oxcoptionjil. Xot common. Cut my first fro/en wlioiit last soahon. . , Hero wo have had nono. ■^nnuuur frosts have donc^ no harm horo sinoo I camo. exci'piing S<'{>lt>mli<'r IHH.'i. They are not provnlont in this part of the counti y. In my oxpcrionco of sixtet-n yoars ^ho frost hist yoar was the first that evor injured wheat, ixcejii patches sown hito. Nono to hurt this yoat, nor last eithr fn'st this year. .4 Summor frosts hive doiuMio revalent, in others exceptional. Ilavo not seen any. Had an early froat last fall. 1 lo.st nothing hy it, and only late grain was hurt. 1 have (Mily seen one in eleven years do any harm woith nuuitioning. Not> prevalent ; lasi year was the first one wiiich did orienci: is that there is some danger from it. Have had no summer frosts to hurt even the tenderest vegetables. Exceptional. 1)^M3 is tJie only year frost did any harm since 1 came here. Exonjitional ; only one year since 1873, I think LS75. Barley and oats were cut on lOth ,Iune, but no damage. Sunnuer frosts are not pr(>valen*. in this part. NiMio in this part. Very exceptional in this part; one this sinmnor in the latter end of August. None where I am. Exceptional. More seasons without than with frost. We have had slight frosts this seaK-on from tb(> Tith SoptembtM , \mt so (ar no. damage to growing crops, ^H. i *m&i m 20 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THR CANADIAN NORTH-WK. wffl '. i Name. Day, Jno. It.. Fargey; J. H. ConnersoJi, ,J,..t Rorisou, W. I> McKenzie, Kenneth Paniel, J Nickell, Wm Harris, A. B Bartloy, N CliaiJjbers, VV,. Paynter, W. D. llr.ter, W. H. Wilmott, H. E. WnL'l)'., Johnston, .1 , Oariaft, K. S, (J.P). l>H.y, 8. and A McDonald, W. W... jM<'I.ean, J. A Beaford, J Elliott, J Todd, P. K Boldrick, 11 Dickson, B Cafferata & Jefferd, ConnolL R , Fisher, IT (settled in 1S84) Miller, S Answer. Never seen any. Tlu'y are exc(»(itional. We have only had one frost in seven snmmeis. Snptciuber Vth, 18S3. About (lie lOtli of .June and 10th of September we had very slight fro,-it,bi little harm done. Prevalent from 7th September in this part. They are not prevalent, only exceptional ; more exeeptional than in Ont-uio. Not prevalent. Seklcm seen. * Prevalent, in some districts abont here. When grain is sown in April, or up to the 15th May, there is no danger of tr after that time it has to run chances. For live years wo have had ti between the 25th August and 6th. Septembei'. 1 should say exceptional. Some light frosLs sometimes cut tender plants My first year's experience was in 1 882 ; tirst severe frost that killed my toii.au took place on the night of September 2Gth. I think them exceptional. Genoially free from frost from the middle of June to end of August. No worse than Ontario. They are prevalent in this district. We have alwa,/.s slight frosts in this p.i,rt in .June and early Septembi they seldom do harm. Exceptional and not generally in.iurious. Prevalent in certain localities. They are exceptional generally. Haven't seen any yet. They are exceptional ; never seen any. We were visited with summer frost twice since I came here. Exceptional, generally once, the latest the lir:ft week in June. Not in middle of summer, but it comes too soon for grain sown late. Have ripe tomatoes giow in open air. Summer frosts that do any serious bami are excei>tional. Have had frost in June, but never suffered from it. [ No frcst here from tirst week in .\pril till Siiptember 7th. Veiy prevalent this suraiaer, but not done any damage. I fear to some ex^'^nt prevalent, but v lib good cultivation and activity in j a farmer can es '.tpe ill I'fb'.cts. We have had no frost to hurt any veg ,'t able in the summer since I came i.o thi country (May, 18*^2). F. sn PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE OAWADUN NOKta-WECT. 21 Winter and Summer Storms. 4 1 In many parts of America, anxiety is felt by farmers on account of •winter and glimmer storms. Manitoba and the Canadian North-west are happily, for the most part, outside of what is somewhat called the "storm belt," and it is but rarely that the country is visited in this way. This may be seen by the following testimony, and it is loteworthy how great a numbor have experienced no loss whatever ; as many as 150 Ininking the damage of so little real importance as to simply answer it by the woicls I'No" or "None". Storms do, it will be seen, occasionnally visit some few parts of the country, but it is undoubted that they are exceptional. The question asked was : — "Have you suffered any serious loss from storms during jilher winter or summer?" — In reply 112 farmers simplt/ answered "'■No,'' and 42 amwcred I 'h'one.^' Following are the replies of the remainder. Their full names and postal ddresses are given on pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or lO. •i ^ ISiame. fllrton, W. S Hiitchi&ou, A ?rector, il ^arriock, Wm... Fmter, Jno perley, W. D iMilUit, Solomon. jPunly, D. F , Davis, W. H Answer. jKogors, T iKines, Wm [Boyk^ W. A. (J.P.). iMcIJae, R hValker, .]. C [ilnnor,'T. R jOrahara, M [Malcolm, A [Rutherford, J [Little, Jftmes McKitriik, W [Cameron. Ct. A [Warren, R. ,1 Chambers, S. W.... JH(»wey, Wm [Mercer, J No 5 they are rare. No loss whatever. Very little. No 5 not worth mentioning. No ; weather very pleasant. Tliirt country has not suffered from storm. Not to the value of 10 cents. Nothing uncommon to Ontario. Partial loss two seasons with hail. None whatever, so far. Noi much. None j nor has any portion of this community. ' ■ Never. I had my house roof blown olf in June, 1884, but no other damage. I have never suffered from storm. .. Never until ihib year. Three years ago my grain was all cut down with a hailstorm, l>ut it grow up again and I had a good crop. We never have had any storms or blizzards here yet, and suffered no loss. No ; not yet. Nothing serious from storms. . ... A little last year from hail. - ^.' ■ • No J we have had no bad storms heve as we had in Ontario. No loss of any kind. ' '. '. * -l , ' No, never. Never saw a bad storm here. Not in winter. I have lost a great deal of hay through the heavy rains in summer. 22 I'LAIN FACTS A3 TO THB CANADIAN NORTH WHST. JSjime. ^1 Lawrence, J McLennan, T...... Gilinom-, Ji. C... Ogletret', F M'cAskie,,! HaiTison, C. 11 Thowpson, 8 , Chester, A Bouesteol, C. H.. Anderson, d , McCormaek, D... McDougaU, A. G. Dickson, I. W. ... Lam>>ert, W. M.. Hume, A Tate, .lames McGill, Cx Auswer. Stevenson, G. B. Shipley. M Wagt.0r,W,(M.P.P.) Nelson, K. Orr, J. J>.. ITpjohn, F Bolton, 1 Morton, T. L McDonnell, D Heaney, J McBeaii, A Connersoti, J. McDiamiid, C.. Eawson, .1 *«#««*>«i Bartley,N. ChambervS, W Bole, J Garratt, If, S , McDonald, W. W.. Mitchell, John Jones j.James McLean, J. A I lost part of my crop this year by hail storms, but it is the tirst I lost ..hm I came here 5 years ago. No, never saw a bad one ui this part. Have never sutlerod any loss froua storms of any kind, eitlier winter or smri'.io 1 never suffered. Yes, this hiivvest* from hail stoiius. "No, we are not in ihe storm belt. Have had the top i>lo'vn '.tfd Ducks, not hurt much. 1 have never suffered any loss ^Vo.-n storms. ■■'' 1 neyer have, and think that la;.L winter was a very fine one. No loss ^vhatever. From hail this summer, but crop has come along well again. Yes, one hail storm lust siiouner. None yet of any kind. None whatever. I have not. Have not suffered in any way IVom storms. liOst nane by shelling tirst year- lost some last year and this year ; none iro^ winter. A little three years ago, by h.iil. Nothing worth mentioning. Neve.'. We had this year an bout's hail, but did no damage to any amoun* No, nothing to speak of. Yes. all my crop in 1883. Nevei until this harvest, Not in the least. None m wmter. In 1 876 hail de.^troyed half crop. The storms never injured the stock or house and stables, A'c. There was a little hail this summer which did a little damage. Yes ; lost all cop by hail in 1883, and badly damaged by rain 1884. No ; had no damage whatever in six years. Only irom hail. Yes, twice ui summer fiom local hail stonns and frost on 7th September, iS^^o, though quite exceptional. Not any, except by thuiider and lightning, which destroyed oittbuildiugs, stocs and implements. Never have seen a storm other than thunder since 1 came. This part is not subject to storms in summer. A hail bi;orm destroyed my crop iu 1883. • I have never suffered or seen any bad storms. Last year I lost all the grain 1 had, about the middle of August. iVot so far. I suffered some one year by hail stomi during growing season. I I lost ..i:.,£ I* or sunjuc none n )r amonnf :nber, i8.\i. iuga, stoct -< y ■f sc IP ' ■, i"4f''-- •■ii.y. Syi^jiiiP^^ ^■^ m ~- ':'^~ < / 4 I) ■ .■'■III!') ■•'■'■ .V. ' ■ill " •;■; ■ :■ •» :' It: [ wMm^ I / '' ^ ^ — \ r' ■ . -Ml!:., .■ ..'jll'j . J", m \ V I ii / 1 u i^' i« ?' V' rr.Atw rx>tiiMg on a deep Lena ecus clay subsoil, and is so rich that it does not require tlie addition of manure for years after the first breaking of the prairie, and iii particular places where the loam is very deep it is practi- cdlly inexhaustible. The question asked on this point was : " Please state the nature of soil on your farm, and depth of black loam?" The description of one farm in each district only is given to economise space. Where, however, the description of lands in the same district diti'ers, the answer of each settler is given. (For postal address of each settler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. Name. Himl Brothers. , C a ft" e r a t a and .refferd Urton Rogers Becsley Pliillips jlutchinsou...... Pi'w.tor Morcor Diptrict. Peiirfo Perise. iMooso Jaw Moos'" .Taw Moose .law Rapid City Craven Woodlands Answer. Rich bhick loam, average de[)th 18 in. Sandv loam : about. •.' in. of l^laek loam. Mlard... I • Liiwrenoe OlT kScroech. . FiOiird .... Upjohn .. FTiiivvard. C.uiieron, liOtliian., McOheo., (i'hson .. Bruce ... •••t«t>« Soil various, all good; loam G to 12 in. deep where tr-ated. Deep rich clay on clay s-:abs oil. Alluvia) Soil, 4 ft, of loam. 2 ft. black loam on clay subdoil. .Sandy 1 'am on gravelly clay subsoil, loam from 9 in. to 2 ft. Black loam, with clay under, 2 ft, deep. Grenfell Depth of black loam 18 in. Under black loam i.-. . ;avel and sand. Sandv loam, with clay subsoil. Black loam, 18 in. to 2 ft., with clay subsoil. Soil is good, with foot of black loam and clay jiibsojl. Soil heavy, black loam 15 in. Soil is good but soniewhat stony iuul bushy ; black loam 6 in. to 1 ft., with clay .subsoil. Deptli of black loam 8 in. to a ioot. Littleton, j.^oil is varied, clay, sand, gravel and shale fromf) to 24 in. Qu'Appelle JBlack loam, clay .subsoil ; loam 8 to 12 in. deep. ■ Pi])estono Clay loam, from 16 in. to 2^ ft. black soil. Sandy soil, from 18 in. to 2 ft. deep. • Blackloam 2 ft. deep, on a ctay .sui ^oil. ' There is a small creek through my place, which also diride'? the soil, the one half is sandy loam and the other b'ack loam. Sidney Clearwater Cartwright Roimthwaite . Lake Francis. Lake l'>ancis,. Blake, Wolseloy .. Gladstone ■ ii i i || ■ |i«« #^ 24 PLAIN FACTS At- TO mK CA.VADI/W NORTH WEST. 't '' tk Name. Dirttrict, McDifli mid MrjA'rtii... . BeU Ghidstone. Gladstone., Belloviow. Kitclicll Wt.rn'V k.. Real FniHor Stcv»M)sou. Ciirrnli Af^'unw •"■{oiMi^l,-... IImv. ■>:. ., A 118 WO r. Neepawa Milfor.l Brandon Brandon ' !' I Puidy. Limbort Kcgina Kinos Yovins?.,. , Mo('(!0 McKen/.io. >r In. deep. On lovcl prairio 2 to ;! ft., rich allnvial ^oil on livcr slope. Hegina..., Black clay Iomji!. all alike .is fju as you may go down } now aiul then you strike gravel 2"J or ;)Ott. down. Heavy clay, loam depth, 20 to 30 in. Black loam, de(>th from I to 2 ft. Black loam ciinges i'roni S in. to 22 in. deep, with sand on clay .sub.soil. ('L.,y soil ; i)lac!4 loan^ (i in. Therd i.s jvlso a gruvol ridge runnu:^ tiirou;.;h the rhrm. Burn.side Black loom .about 2 I't., and generally clay .subsoil. Indian Head Clay, aijnut .'5 ft. of black loain. 1 black loam, or vegetable -oil. Blai^k loam from IS to 36 in. 8 in. black loam, then "lay l>c:!ow. ,, 2 i't. ol loam ; clay subsoil. Virvlen ,....''l'op -oil blac k louin, about 20 in. aubacul clay. llefidiui^ley |01ay Io;im, about 12 in. Pendennia |8 to 12 in. of black loam, with clay .subsoil. ' Purtago la Pi-airie ileavy black loam, vaiying from 1^ ft. to 2^ ft., with clay -^iib soil 6 i't. [Black l(.am and clay. 13 iu. black loan-", clay subaoil. jBlack sandy ioam, from about I to 2 ft. deep. Clay and part sandy loam, buck loam 10 in. Black loam, slightly mixed with nand, depth of roil ] J to 3 ft. 2i ft. very black rich loam, very heavy .^oivift littlgonio . Aaessipni. . .. iroUuticl BollO P'"M).. Alexandria.. ••I»»*«aa Harrison Thompson ChfJstGr Xiifiont Kenny McCorinaok ... jMi!>onaM JJicicson Barnes 8|)(ars jCirisW'iM Chaiiii»lon Jioabmu Novv.l'ih' BoavovCreok. Man inghurst. EuK'i'son.. Wolf Crock... Fleniitiii> F'fMning Arnaii'J M^orris SuTi.ly ioain, with cUy r,nl,aoil. hlufk First-cl.i.s.s, Boulali Boulah , Birtle Birtle Birtle Wright Dh'k Garratt Elliolt 8utht;rland Htinna opcors . . ■ . a ■ I • < Douglas Beaconsfield Moline Kenlis Sourisboui'g .. St.Andrews .. GriBwold Griswold Subsoil oJ'gicy clay, with about Z in. of blav;k loam. Clay loam ; ('> ni. blaok loam. Black lotuji from 18 to 24 in. ; " Sajidy loam, ■! I'l. ■ • Hoavy clay loam, .S ft. doop. The .-joil is lirat-class, black rich soil 1 ft, then a rich brown oUr foi i\ rt. IS iu. blaok loam on a clay .subsoil ."^ai\dy loiim, black loam from 12 to IS in, k^Iay subsoil, wi/h I'roju II to 12 ft black loam, jl'hu'.k rich loam, depth 4 to 5 i'oet. • • .^ Black loam, frojji ti in. lo 2 ft. *-^ Black loam, 12 to [■* in,, with clay sulwoil. Clay loan;. IS in. All cla}-, and about 1 It. of black. Black loajn and heavy clay. ' v*" Park clay louni. dcr>t|j about 4 It Heavy black loam 1 1 in. < 'Lay 8ub.soU, mon^ or less limestone. Heavy clay, loani alj^)ut 12 irj. Pai't sanil 'oam, anil [)ari clay about 1 ft. Black loam from "» to 12 in, with hme.st jno. gravel or Rcrub, under which is heavy clay. Black loam on tup tVoni !0 to 10 in., with clay and loamsub-ioil. Black sandy loam ; clay sub??oil froiu IG in. to 2 ft. ,\bout '■) ft. on clay subsoil. Black loam, on clay .subsoil, 1? to !."> in. deep, (^lay bottom, lU in. black loam. "\V hite clay subsoil, tjlack loam from 2 to 6 f i. « Black sandy loam from 2 to -S feet deep. Clay loam, about a foot on average. 1 ft. to 2^ ft. of black loam. Black loam, 2 ft. dcei>. Black loam, clay subsoii^ 10 to 12 in. of loum Black loam, 12 to 36 in. clay and gravel sul>.«toil. ' Sandy loam, with gravel ridges, is in. A rich sandy loam, 12 to 18 in. The part of my farm under cultivation is grand gravelly loam, warm early soil ; the black soil is from 1 ft. to 18 iu. Black loam from 8 to 24 in. decj), clay subsoil, . A black clay loam with clay subsoil the black loam from 8 to 15 in. deep. Sandy clay loam, 1 to 2 ft. Clay loam, 2 ft. Clay loam, from 1 to 3 ft. of black loam. Black loam, from 1 to 2 ft., with clay -iubsoil. Black loam from 6 to 10 inc I J es. . ' ; f Black loam 2 ft., yellow clay subsoil. !; -' ■ Dark clay loam, depth about 4 ft. f I ■\: \y j€ 26 n.AJN FACTM AH TO THK (UNADtAN NOKTH WEST. Pu el and Water. Beccni iiuo9tip:ations show th.a in addition to the clumps of wood to be fci.t,,! dotted here and lliiere on the piaiiie, and the timber with which the rivers and creeks are lined, there is in these new regions an ample snpply of coal. The coal beds in the Bow and Belly rr'cr districts, tributary to Medicine Hat on the main line of the Canadia: Pacific Railway, are the first to be worked, and settlers now obtain this coal at modi-raiu prices. Other mines have been discovered immediately on the line of the railw iv, nelween Medicine Hat and the summit of the Koi kv Monntains, and some of these wili be m operation dnring the present season Valuable and ext<'nsive coal-beds also > \K-it in the Souns district in Sonthern Manitoba and the sonth-eastern and western part, o'. the North- West, and these will shortly be opened np by the projected Manitoba South- Western and other raihvays. ^ \8 ref,'ards the water supply, the North- West has not only numerous rivers and creeks, br.t also a ve water rising to the surface. . Wood, chifcfly, but it is costly. Wate . nn Wascana Creek. Hind Brothels Urton, W. S Yardley, lionry.,.. Hutchison, A Proctor, Ileniy..., Mercer, James Knight, W.G Jeffrey, Wm Fisher, Henry ■V-.' I'lJllN rACTA \H TO THi: OAMADIAN NORTH WKiT. Nanie. smTthTW'T:: Blytho, U I'iold, Edward Pollunl AUrod_ (irr, Jai- w b vr "W .rs;: Auawei Scrfiech, J film, Hol)or*|on, r.., HarwM'd, K.... Hall, P liOthlin. .liuuus. Bruix' uoo. Bell.C. J Wariiook, Wm. lladdnw, Jas.. Keid, aIox.... Perley, W. J). I'latjJno Miller, Solomon. Oriinmett, D. VV Leopart, R. N.... McHean, Angus. VuLing, ,Ino. M. L... Doylf, VV. A Newman, C. F wSbfippard, Jos Ai'uistrong, Georgti, I'i.'rco, 8 'jiuham, Mark. Malcolm, A... Mdii-egor, D, Nitt;,J.U Woo37li.ird to get. Plenty of wutei^not vory goorT. AirrusIgKbours have good 'vater iit I') ft. roj»lar ; canily obtaUiuhlo from th'> hluffa. Plenty of water from wolb and sloughs ; (loopotft well at pnidont 1 1 ft. I'oplar I no dilHfuilty. Pl-nty of (^xrelleat water from woll 22 ft. deep. Dry wood fimplan in abiuidanco. Splendid water by digging J'J ft. I'ry poi)larand oiik, whii-ii an; not difficult to procure. Not too much water; two wells, Olio 2;-i ft. HUil the other l(» ft. Poplar poles, but ruther .scarce. Surface waUu* for the cattle ; well for house 6 ft. Wood, getting difHcult t(i obtain. Plenty of water : wells if) to 2u ft. Poplar wood. I have plenty on my own plate. Plent}- of water, a litko rt ft. deep and o. stream running in sunmier. Poplar wood , no difficult} to obtain. Water from tunning creek. Wood, poplar; about nino l^lle^ to haul. fJood water fOi homo uso in well 16 ft. deep. Poplar and liardwood ; Hiavo a good deal on my plao. 1 ii-,(» rive. »va ..>r i» winter and well water m summnr. ;] ft. deep. The finest wutoi in the juoviaco. ("'oal and wood ; both are now diflioult to get hero. Wood, pof lar and white birch, oasily got. Plent v of water ; spring c.eek and well 20 ft deep. Wood ; it is difficult to obtain, and so is water, on my faiiU. Wood, no difficulty in getting it. Plenty of water from a well aboo*^ 4 ft. dee^. Wood, and plenty in this district, at $3.00 per cord at yourhousi . A good lake and could get water by digging a short distance. Wood, quite close to ihe house. I'lenty of water from a well about 4 ft. deep. Coal .'.nd wood i wood three miles to draw, coal about 20. Plenty of watec: watt^r from well 25 ft. deep. Elm and mai)le ; enough on my farm to last twenty years. One elm measured 1 1 ft. .'') in. in circumference. Pipestone Creek runs through corner on my farm ; depth of well 3 feet. Poplar; ten miles to get it. Water from woll 16 ft. deep. Wood very diffioult to obtain. Plenty of water, boggy creek ; wells 12 to 14 ft. deep. Poplar, very handy. I have always had plenty of water from a weU 6 ft. deep. Wood, dry poplar; an ample supply here. Water from two spring creeks and .several good springs. Poplar or ash, plenty of it. Plenty of water from a well 15 ft. deep and out of my little lake. Poplar wood, costs, six milM fro ji my house, $1.50 per cord. Water is rather hard to get in some pJa-tys, but easy in others. Wood, to be had for f.'u« drawing and a fee of 50 cents for enough for a year's use, for house, nixhl'j and some fencing. Wrter for cattle from a deep i)Ond and for domestic use from wells. Have one well at 17 ft. never failing, and another at 23 feot. Wood in bluffs on homestead. Plenty of water. Wood, poplar and oak. Not very difficult to obtain. Plenty of water by dig ging about 1 2 ft. Wood ; is plentiful here. Plenty of water from a living spring. Elm. Plenty of water from Assiniboine fllvor. Poplar ; difficult to obtain, but will use coal. Plenty of water from woll 18 ft. deep. i ,. I 1!' wy* m 2S PLAIN FACTS AS TO TIIK CANADUX N'OUTH-WKST. Name. Robier Thos. Warren 1? J Chaml'ors, S, W V'-iviloy, Z VVood ; hiiv(> to (Trnw it six mil'^s, bur ititoiul using ooiil, as 1 iioar we ;iv( -n 111'' ^^ ■ niiu-k, r;. u Chaiapion Vn'os ' McKenzio, D Fraser, D Farmer, "W. A. King, M Thompson, S Audorson, (teorgo... McDougall, A. G Tate, .James McMiirtry, Tlios McCaughoy. J. S.... Hoaslip, ,1. .1 Bolton, V... Compbc!!!, Kobert,., Paynter, J. E. McEwen, D... Connerson, ,i ivonnody, Thos Jolinslon. Jos,., McLean, J. \ to havo it at $(i..'i(> por ton. (i<»od natt'i- tVoui wells 8 ft. dcop j all ol'mv noighbouir! got plenty ul'good water by iligging from 8 to 20 ft. Wooil ; ii;ivi> izot plenty on my farm. Tltjnty of water from well und sprin^-s; deptli ol well II it. Wood, any anioiint of it in this district. Tlenty ol' water ; o spring for liome iin\ and a spriuir cr^ek for eattlo. Wood, ratlur sr.uve, but <^oal, whii h is superior, is easily got at Kailroad .**•(;» tion. Plenty ot spring and fivor \vater, wells 10 ft. Toplar ; anv tiuantitv three miles otf. Plenty of water and good well .'}8 ft. (1m p I'ry oak ani no^ilav ; r.ot diflieuU to obtain, (u-nerally plenty of water, eiu well 5 ft. and another P) ft. Poplar fuel. W.' hwe p'.i>nty yet, handy by. Tho Arrow ^^iver rtms tlnoui^li jny fa'in. I have a i^i ring at n\v house. Wood getting scarce ; expect to use coal soon. Plenty of water. I'onds nn'l wi lis 1 1 ft. and SO ft. .vuy amount iji latter, .^ould not be bailed dry. W()()d and coal. Ki\ er water. Wood funn Qu'A])pelle, and coal at $9.00 per ton on Canadian P';«.;I{ic Railway. Water is very '■earee. and dr.'iw it Hve miles. Have no well yet. Wood: from tluee to live miles oft". Plenty of water. Beaver Creek nin- thrnugh (he fanu. Wells are from S to 112 ft round here. W^oil. abund.anec in this district ; the Weed Hills, Woolf Hills and Qa'AppvIlo being very adJiK'ent and well timbered. Price to townspeople 12sperio;(; We dt>i)ond on slough water in summer for stock. Wells range from (') to i) ft, n\ er in abundanoo all the year round troin '' Dead Horse Creek." Wo.)d not diflicult to obtain in my case but some ha- . to bity. It costs about $2.50 per cord. Plenty of water. Have a good sj -ring creek. Wood and coal. Have had no difficulty so far to <<' 'an. supply. 5 have a nice oreek crosising farm, >)ut supply buildings by ^ *"'- from 10 to 1") ft. Vir^t class water. Poplar, oak and ash ; very easy to obtain. I hav • I'g for water, the depth is from 8 to 1 2 ft. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THK rANADI \N VORTIIWKST. 29 ^^^■^-k « \} Grain Crops. Tho rollowiii^' tables, takf ti from otiicial sources, will show at a glance ihe average yield in bushels per acre ol" llie crops of Manitoba during the last six years: — Wleat.., Burlov . . PCilH . . . . llTO Pot.tlln'S Tin [lips. Cttiruts . Kl.-u 187(5 41 iS77 -10:} :u)4 187S :!i :!08 \^'\) r)8 37 s 40 ;x>2 lK8(t r>7ij 41 ■^^ ■10 I RSI 30 4(1 :ir) VjO l8t5'J 18S3 1K84 32 •.!7 rii r.<) 37 3;-) 30 278 2;'0 r)83 40> 28 ( loUowing are llie chief averages of the chief wheat-growing countries of the Woild, as officially given for a series of years : — Mniittoba, •vcmge yield pt.-r aoic in bushels (in at niitjiiii .111(1 Ireland M'uutsolii (thf Knipiro \Vh«)iit State ot'tho I'nioii) United Sl«tes OnUrio. , f^oiitli Austrulin. WiscouHin T'lv.'i Olu(» Tu'li.in;; Iliithiifi Asked as lO thfl probable yield per acre of their wheat, barley, and oat crops Farmers replied as fellows ; — Jl ■ ,i I 1 ' r 30 PLAIN FA.OTS AS TO THE CANADIAN XOUTHWSST. Name. Shepparcl, Joseph Stoveiisan, T. W , Litti:>, James , Morton, Thomas L,.. McLean, Jolui A , Paul, James M , Rntherford, Jonathan, Wat, Jamei:« Boulding, G. T Stovvards, 11. C Paj', John F Loitch, Angus , Daniels, Joseph Reid, E. J Robier, Thos , McKenzie, Kenneth. . , Todd, r. R McBean, Angun , Harria, James , Osborne, Daniel Slater, Cl»arlos B Wright, Chai-les........ Proctor, Ifenrv Yield of Wheat per acre in t)nshel.s. About 40. 40 Average 40 40 at least, 1 had 45 iiist year 40 ." Abou'.35, 35 35 Expect 35. 35 35 35 About 35. 32 32, very good. 32 '. 32 Barley. 40. 40 About 30. 25 50. 50, 40. 40. Smith, W. P. Robertson, P. Ijoibifin, -lamey.. Bruce, (ioorge... We})ster, A . Dovvnie, John. Sirett. W. F.. Young, .Tohn McPiae, Roderick... Armstrong, George. P'ir.lay, -lames.. Deyeil, ,lo):n.. .. Baihiy, Zachary. Patterson, Abr.. Ifowov, Wm About 30 or 40 From 30 to 35 Between 35 and 40. 30 to 35 Between 30 and ,55.. Average about 30.... 30 'About 40 or 50. !40 to 50 35. iBlack barley average A certam .30 30 30. 30. 30. 30. 30 '*5 40 last year. 35 30., "A) last year, and my crop is better this year iO , ^0. 30. .,0. 30. Over40,T should think not thrashed yet. . 30 on this seasons breaking ">0, the best 1 ever saw 40... T have none ; but my neighbors' will yield .about 45 30. 50. iO. :^5. J.O. Oats. . About 50. Partly 70 and partly 40. Average 70. 50. Some 60 and some S(j. About 50. 46. 05. Expect 70. 60~ 60. 50. 50 to 60. About 45. 50. About SO. 50 to SO. • About 60. "0 to 50. 60. Aveiap.e 50, good croi> 70 at lea^st. 35. 60. Badly wasted by hail slot™ 40 on tliis season's break !)iu 60 to 70. 40 They did not do well ib'" year ; too dry in the spring. 50 to ^''0, 60. 70. 40. About 60. 60. 50. 60. ■MM wmmm. VIMS FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH AVEST.* 31 Name. Grigg, S Elliott. T. D. Yioki of n'heat per acre in bushels. Barley. Chester, A. 30 50. On account of a dry About 40. spring it will not go over 30 Cortainly expect 30. Obee, F 30. Muirhead, Thos — ....Average will bo 30.. Mcintosh, Archd 130 Hall, P 30. 40. 35. Speers, A. R.... Jlitchell, -Ino... Millor,.Solouion. liop'-', I'reo. 30 Expect average pro- bably 28 or 30 About 28 28 Average 30 (lOod maturity. 4o!!!!!!!!!!!!!!'"! Oats. Mclane, A. ^1 | A bout 28. r>0 or 5") 40 30 Gibson, John |1 expect it will yield j 2fi as it i.s .a good crop Thompson, 8 '20 40 Haney, A. W l26 on land broken last ' year, not backset.... Hall. W. B |25 to 30 McKellar j..., lianison, D. H 25 to 30 ,, About 30 Taylor, Wm. 2.'i to 30 JFully 50 Stevenson, G.B ad, and likely 30 {,) on Spring backsetH jng I A bout 30. 40 Ileaslip, ,1. .T '25 to 30. Coay, Thomas 25 to 30. f'ollard, Alfred if'. (Ihie, James Austin, A., senr I'-u'dy, Thomas About 25. Averaging 25 Averaging 60 or. ,35. Smith. Wm... Uiig, Robert. About 25 Estimated at 25. About 25. 25 25 ; land not well tilled 40. .35. 50. dry 'Spring makes a small yield, say 35. 50 to 60 50 .Average 50 50 60 70 ' ' Probably 40 Between 50 and 60 50 .V* 25, on .Spring backsetting. 50 * About 45 75, on land broken last year, and not backset About 40 40 50 to 60 About 40 Only about 40 ; last year I had 65. From ■''»> to 70 About 5') or 60 on average Avcraiiini^ 50 40 ■■ About 40 50, bndly tilled ; on account of dry weather, last year did not rot. 40 45 Roots and Vegetables. All root crops yield well, turnips standing next to potatoes in area of cultivation' Tltey are in no reported instance infested by flies or other insects. Mangold-wurzels and carrots are not cultivated as field crops to' any great extent. AH garden vegetables produce prolific crops, and the Province sustains an extraor- dinary reputation for their production. During recent years a very large and general ■'*. ': ,a»K. f m [ V r 1 ■ 1 1 » \ .l ; 1 ■i ** i !% ! .i.*;'- 1 \ ■ '^ r '?i ! ' I -^ 32 PhAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN XOKTH-W'liST. increase has taken place iii the acreage devuted to the cultivation of garden ];rorl(icis, In the earlier years of the Province's history new settlers had but little time lo devoto to gardening, hut once havinj^f got their farms into good worKing order, lln^y ar? devoting more attention to it, with most satislaclory results. . The follov^^uig are instances taken from farmers' reports of success in the giowlii of vegtables, and in conjunction with these reports it must be rememberea that very few, if any, of these farmers used special means to produce these results- The question asked was : '• What yield of vegetables have you had, and what is your experience]!. raising them ?" For oostal address of each settler, see pages 5, G, 7, 8, 9 or 10. Name. Knight, W. G. OiT, iVames D Lotliiiui, James... Mo.<.Tlieo.. Jjime.s.. Gil'son, Wiu Bruce, George Mitchell, John Answer, in bushels per aero. Dickon, George , Yardley, Henry Proctor, Ileni-y Jeffrey, Wilham ... Blythe, R Field. Edward,., Pol a rd, Alfred Have had carrots 12 inches round, and .crown cucmid:)ers successfully in tl'" open. Beans and potatoes very good, better than 1 ever I'aieed in En^Kuvl witli 20 years' experience. Tuiiiips very tiood, and mangolds good. Potatoes, 300. I liave ^rown in the ganlen beans, peas, carrots, parsnips, liceis, cabbage (several kinds), onions, Witli attention all do well. Potatoes, ;>()0, wr-U manured; turnips, l)(JO, well manured. Carrots ati'l jhus beans and (lax, liave also done well in small lots. I have grown ahnnst nil kinds of vegetables with the best resuks. Potatoes, about lf>0 AU kinds ol' ;!;arden proihico grow luxiu'ii^usly ; that i; all and every kind that can be grown in England, and do not roofuire nlanui'i lor some yeai's I have grown almost all kinds, and tlie ijualiiy id spkndid. Potatoes, t.')0, on 'the bveakhig •, my beans were frozen. Tiie first yeai it is not well to sow vegetables on the lu'eaking, except for home use, other wise, alter the ground has been i)roperly worked, nearly all vegetables thrive well. Potatoes, .300: turnips, from 500 to 700. Carrots, peas and beans, T have only grown on a small scale ; the yiehl is good. Vegetables are a great success in thip country, and come on very rapidly. I havi; grown [>otatoes, onions, carrot.-, beets, corn, cueumbers, parsnips, I'adishes, lettuce, cabl)age, broccoli, cuuli- Hower, melon ; in fact same as we grow in England. Potatojs, ;'00. An abuivlant crop of turnips, carrots, peas and beans, .^^ly vegetables have tins year generally been a failure. J have grown ahuost every description of vegetables with great success. Potatoes, rUK); turnips, 300. T have only growji vegetables in the garden. ' nt they all do extremf^ly well. Potatoes, .jOO. Ilave raised (Cabbages, carrots, onions and beet, all of whicb 'iiil well. ^\''ith a little experience of the climate, I believe gardenhig can I> ■ made a success in all sorts of vegetables. • i Potiitoes, 100. This country is second to none for vegetat)les. Potatoes, 200. (labbage, Scot(th kail, rhubarb, onions, carrots, turnips, parsley, peas, pumkins and sage, all do well with climate and soil. We have ur'ti potatoes two month.s aftiM- planting them. Potatoes, 400. I have grown almost every kind of cabbage and garden stulT v.^u ^ cfm mention. I have lilted cal-bage this tall 20 lbs. in weight, t'etatoes, 180. Tuinips, carrots, onions, beets, parsnips, parsley, lettuce, ai-'l ro-dishes all grow well. I have not made such headway with ca^^bai^e. Pi};ubarb grows splendidly. mppiMim Pr.AlN FACTS AS TO THIS .'w'-rADLlL.V NORTH WEST. l-'J'OiliicLv ' '0 (ievotn tlit^y are that verv f^ queslioii erionceui ; cut; pars lev ice, f\i)ii 'vfiddlelon. Alex... Perloy, W. D Miller f-M»lotnon I McL'iU, (foorgf "ully in tltp 1 11 in^'LuKi 1 1. 1 Siflith, WilliarQ iil»~-, 'Mjets, 1 '111' J jjiias. ■ Ingram, W. A alino.st iiii 1 V ; tliar i-, 1 Ivftwrie^ J. M ro uiatiiu'", 1 year it is 1 Dovlo, W. A se, other ■ )Ies thi'ive I 1 t^iippparU, ,loi- liavc only I nice ess 111 1 Stevenson, T. VV «, c'urrok, ■ oli. Oiiuii- ■ fl Dppeli, John ans. Ay ■ Walker, J. C n aJinost fl 'den. 1 Mooney, .Tno rhicli '!'.u ■ Davis, .J no. B. t'owans, C. F., liuthtrford.-l. Horner, T. K I iiiid no (Hffioulty in growing :my of the veg.Mable- I Avas acquainted with in ; .^i-(ttlanil. Tliey all nTiiiire lo be sown cirly in the .season. J'otWot'i L'row .sjilondidly, and of fine quality, without manu)'e. ("'arrots will gr.'v,'- fiijo, but Jiave not had much experience. I'eas i/i-ow splendiiUy, 1 bo- ]ie\ r. in.iiiuve woii]o-, 400 j tui'ni])?, 750. L'otntfK'ri avei'a^'o '.'50 bushels (of (iO lbs.) })er acre. Never saw a b'^iter crop of potatoes, in any country, than i ha\'o this year, 'luruijjri, carrots, peas, beans, and flax, are good. i'ocatoo.s. ;J00 ; turnips, SOO. Have also giown c.irrot?. parsnips- onions, cabf)age, cfi'lifiowers, pumpkins, melons, citrons, cucumbers, lettuce, squash, tomatoes and radish, lotttoes. •■^.(>0 to 500 J turnips, carrots ant iiidiau corn and tomatoe.-^. v/hich I do not find as yet a success. Votatri'S, "!'){). Only raiseages, cauliflowers and many others. P<.>tatoes, from 3(K) to 40O. Tiu-nips 000, ti\d peas .'50. All vegetables do well. ilavo also gi-ovvn carrots, beets, cabbage, tomatnoM, S(iua3h, citron, onions, rhubarb and pumpkins, i neA'cr saw vegetables grown to bettor success than here ; in fact, they ure tho surest crops we 0(). Turnips genentlly hnvo noUlono woll this year, the weatliAr being very dry wht;n they were sov/n m the spring. I iK'ver i^row any oxi'ui.j in the garden ; those are excellent. Have grown peas two years .- llusy .lo ilrtit-class here*. Beans can he grown here in abuiKbmee. I have <.'rnwn t), finest potatoes tliat 1 ever grow in my lite, both in quantity and qu .: y <'arrots, cabbage, cauliflowers ami other garden stufl* grown in this coiiMiy are of the very best ijujility. Potatoes, Irom iioO to 300, and tuniips, 50(). Carrots average 450. Ai! kiuu^ of vegetables grow well. 1 have also grown beet, onions, radiishes, cabl'.i^t cauliflower, m'^loii, citron and cucumbers. Potatoes, turnij)H, i-anots, ]>eas, Ijeans and flax do very well, without anv ' •" and trouM'?. Ft the se< d is only sown early, vvitii care and cultivation, iiu yield is enorui'iu?. Potatoes, 20U bu>L8ls iioui lialf acre. The yield of turnips and carrots was po-M' owing to the drought in the .5)>ring. Flax was good. Vegetables did (.iiiiy All cullender vtgci.ibles lie ;11 here. Potatoes, .'>00 ; rcuUy magni -ent. Also turnip.s, carrots and mangolds : thi latter yield well Cabl.iages .and cauliflowers do well. Potatoes, about" .'^50. I had nine waggon loads (about 30 bushels eaohi o' turnips ofi h.-.iU' an acre last year. Carrots, 500 ; peas, 50 bushels otf !>vo acres one yciir ; beans, 40 to 60 ; flax. 15. All kinds do well here j cabba<:(\- cauliflovvfjrs, beets, melons, cucumljers, &c. Unions do .splendidly. Tomato.',* are not a success ; we have lots of them, but they are green yet (^cp tcmber.) My potatoes are the best [ f-,^-i- saw in this country. Turnip, veiy heavy yield. also carrots ; \y. Tii is equals any country for the growth of vo^iretju Ion, Have grown beets, onions, melons, citrons, cucumbers, pumpkins, tomatoi -j, radish(;s, oolery and lettuces. Potatoas, 4U0, and peas 40. All garden vegetables usually grown on a fariii grow iirst class. Onions and cabbages grow extra large and are of tin qualilv. 1 had a faii' eroj) of potatoes this year. My turnips were poor on breaking, rho yield of carrots was good, but h'o»i killed my beans. Carrots, cabbages, ouioiiN l'arBni[)s, potatoes and beeta are all doing well. Potatoes 500, turnips l.tX)0. Have also grown beets. Potatoes 200, turnips about 250, and peas and beans from 14 to 15. 1 think 1 could raise about 300 bushels of carrots per acre. Vegetables giow first-class. Sweet corn, cabbages, carrots and long and turnips b>'t'ts grow to perfection ; tomatoes .s)>lendidly ; onions in abundance. Have also grown celery, musk and water melon's, lUc, Took $lb prize money t^^o years ago. Yield of potatoes und turnijis heavy ; carrots are simidy immeime ; peas are not good here, thti land is too heavy ; bf^ms do well, anrtbbago, cauliflower, radishes, kail, brussels sprout?, lettuce, salsify and mushrooms. \. have the Provincial I>i]>loma for the beat collection of garden vegetables. \ 1 I'LAiy FACTS AS TO THE CANAUUN X0RTn-WB3T. 35 Name. I'hiiuberSjW Bole, J Diiv, 8. I>. A. McDonald, W. M.. McLfan, J. A Spoors, A. K. Anijwor, in bushels por ucre Potatoes ;;(K), tannps l,OiH aiici white Bc'l,';iau carrots .VH). Drought afle'^ted my i)cas this year, but th.'v '.vill yield 25 : bean.s do well here. A little capital invested in Hax soed niUure and the manufucture of twine or cord for our self-binding machines, would result in groat wealth. Onions, table can-ots, parsnips, boots, unnlps. tadishes, lettuces, melons, tomatoes, peas, parsley, and all sorts of garden and tleld vegetables can ho grown hero to perfection ; at least, tlmt i.s my usual experience. .rotato<;d ;jOU. All kinds ol' vegetables do well in the Nortli-West when the ground is properly prepared. Potatoes about KX); turnips 600, and peas 20. Have very tine cabbage, carrots, lu.''nips, beans, parsniii,-,, beets, onions, lettuce, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, eucumbois. Have laiseil tomatoes auil iivlian corn, but not with siiccois. Potatoes 500; turnips 1,000, and peas ;J0. Potatoe.s 409, sometimes more ; turtiips fconi 100 to fiOO. j[,*ea3 and l>eans do well. Any and ovory kind oi ve^'ctable does wonderfully well in this eouutry. 1 believe there is no bettor country .in the known world that can come up to the country for vegetables. Potatoes 400, turnips 1,000, peas, 3(», flax 40. beans yield splendid. Oar^ 3ts remarkably good crop The Use of Manure. ,H ; ' 4 a iarm, oi fine I think ,s are no; Iroui :.'ii 10 grouii meJoji?, sprout?, the licit Fertilizers are not used in r,he Norlh-West, for they are not needed, and common niaiiiire is used but sparingly. The land is, indeed, in most Ccises, so rch Ihat the using of it during the first years of cultivation would be apt to encourage the growth of straw, and make the crops too rank. After the second year maniii'e ni limited quanti- ties may be used with advantage to prevent any exhaustion of the land. This is the general experience of settlers to be found related wirJi their opinions on many other useful subjects in an additional pamphlet, Lo be had free on application to Mr. Begg, Canadian Pacific Otlices, 88 Cannon Street, London : — '' When you have ii, put it on yonr light land, don't waste it; but it is not necessary for years." One set- tle!', Mr. William Gibson, of L(;ganstone J''arm, Wolseley, says : " I liave used manure !o a few potatoes to try the efl'ect it had along with others planted without manure, and they did no better with it. ' Stock Raising and the Hay Supply. The general healthiness of the climate and the favorable conditions for feeding horses, cattl v, and sheep, make stock-raising a most profitable industry. The boundless [•lairies, covered with luxuriant grasses, giving an unusually large yield, and the cool nights for which Manitoba is famous, are most beneficial features in regard to stock; .tnd the remarkable dryness and healthiness of the winter tend lo make cattle fat and welbconditioned. The easy access to good water is another advantage in stock-raising. ill M rs' ..in. !" m. mt ■i - -s? 3G FlJilS FACTJ AS TO THE CANADIAN XOUTH-WEST. The abandance of hay almost eveiywhore makes it an easy matter for farmers lo winter their slocl^; and in addition to this (here is, and always will be, a ready home market for beef. Owing to the abundance and excellence of prairie hay, little has hitherto beoii done in the cultivation of grasses, though what small quantity is cultivated is largrly of the Timothy and Ilungariau classes. The average yield of hay per acre is 2^ to 3 tons ; sometimes 4 tons are gathered, and in wet seasons as many as live tons. The crop of 1882 was an abundant one, and was generally saved in good condition, whih; in 188;} almost a double yield was gathered. Ou ihese points the experience of settlers is especially valuable. Their statemeiitr answer the questions : '* How many horses and cattle have you ? Have you plenty of hay, and do cattle thrive on the wild prairie grasses? How do your animalV thrive in Avin^er, and where do you stock them ? " For postal address of each stii- tler, see pages 5, »i, 7, 8, 9 or 10. Maine, Diukiii. George. Auswov. Hind, Brothers.... lirtoi). VV. S Yu.dly, Ifc-ury , Kiii^'hf, W.(l. Field, Ivlwaril. K y r. Philips, S Hutchison. A Mercer, J. 'IS, 7 cattle. Ciiu cut :30 tons. ,and can got other on govejnniont land. Cattk; to equally a.s well as they 'lid in pastures in Engli;.-d ; thoy thrive well in »vm- ter witli rl'c fmjne .slielter they get there, i)ole and hay stable. I liorse and ten head oi" cuttle. Yes. Cattle do well ; v.interod first-cla.ss. horses, and ] cow. Yes. Cattle do splendidly, better than on Engli.yh liiiy. They are s-tabled in winter dui ing very bad days, but are turned out nio.st days. J ha\'e 3 oxen and two yearling steers. I have sulficient )iay lor 20 head o( ciu tie; they thrive lirst-class. Last whiter I took 12 head of cattle troui :i neighbour. They oauie out in the spring equal lo when \ was in England. I kept ihem in open sheris v.itli yards wuiter. My neightiour has his in stabi-'-, nnd they do not do as wt-U as mine. 30 horses and 20 bead ol cattle. Plenty of bay ; cattle get tat in summer O'l the prairie grasses. 1 house them in a log stable during \viuter. 20 head ol cattle, 3 horses, 19 sheep and '1 pigs. Y'es : cattle get very fat on j the prairie grass in sunmicr ; they do well in the stable m winter, 1 fc'i tiiem on Lay alone last winter 5 this winter 1 intend using grain .and root.s n.' small quantities. 9 head of cattle at the present time. Plenty of hay. CatvU> thrive well nn wild grasses. I have wintered ovei' twice the above number of cattle. I st:i hie young cattle, large cattle run loose in open-shedo !^o hoi'ses, b') head of cattle Plenty of hay. My thoroughbred sbort-Tiorns b;w • (ji nothing but ilie wild grasses of the country, anti they are in splendid con tion, in fact quite fat. I sliould take a prize fc r Christmas beef iu Englaiv^ ■ I the beef cajuiot be beaten. Cattle thrive well in winter, ou hay only. Some I are iu stables and some out. jPlenty ct hay. Cattle mid.)ul)tedly thrive well in winter, and get very fat n .summer. Both horses and cMttle do well in the winter in the stable at night Native horses and half-bred horse - winter, if you have no work foJ" 3^ i\ . •- '■:•-■- it fleifcr.s, st^jers, ei't.son, P Covvlord, C Gibson, Wm Aaswoi. Bnine, les, and they got nothing bui hay. ll.irscs have hay, v.itli a little oat.s. IH head (tf cattle. They do well on piaii'ie hay. and do well all winter, 2 work oxen and cow :;nd 2 calves, llrtv has i>een ditlitulL to put up owing to light crop. CiUtle thrive on vild gras.-;. When well hou.-ed : they thrive well hi wi)\l;er on hay and watei, ivith a lilth; salt. ?) horses and \h cattle. I havf- enough hay rori>resent stock : tbey do bettor on w'iUl hay. I wijiter my horses and n^ii!^ cows in &t!d:)le ; steers and yoiuig stock in shed oi>en to the s<)utli, and thrive well, . Plenty of hay. Cattle do splendidly on the wiM grasses, better than on some hoy. They thrive well in wint'M-: I stable them at night and let tliom out during th,^ day. heatl of <'!ittie and team of ht>rs.?s. J'leniy ol hay, and cattle come out Maihoit, Z... McGill, Geo. tiriuunett, D. W. Pm'dy, Thos. F.. Powhie, John. VIcBean, A.,. do well in ,'?table in 1 liavo not much hav, liijt with nothing but i)ranie hay in spring; the- winter. 1 liave only a small stock, but tiiey cows, and some young stock. Cattle winter bettei' on prairie hay in this climate than they do in tJntario. A better name for it would he *' lawvi hay," a. quality well umh-rstood in Europe. 1 keep tlie cattle in rough weather in winter, and they whiter easily. 1 yoke oxen and 2 ponies. Plenty ot veiy nutritious hay. Cattle fatten on it in uiinter. I can put ii up ut 200 dolb. per ton, and make money. 1 winter my stock in sod and strew stable, and they thrive weh, that is, when 1 fatten them. 6 horses, 4 oxen, 2 cows, and 2 yearlings. Tlay })lenty in certain localities, (.•attlo dd splendidly ; never saw them so fat on gras'. f have a barn 16 by 4;") dug !n bank ; it will house Iti head, hoises and cattle. I/oft on np-, will hold 10 ions of hay. The cattle do well in winter. 2 horses and 12 catUe. Plenty of hay : cattle fed on the hay here are fit for the butcher in spring. I keej) them in winter laost generally in stables ; they are rolling fat in the spring on hay and water. 15 horses and 50 cattle, ('attlo thrive v/ell on wild grasses ; I winter them j\1I inside and they thrive very well, where t'eed can he obtained. 38 JT.AIN rAOTS AS 1») THK CANADIAN NOUTHWKST. Name. irrett, Win. F Doyle, W. A Laiig, Uobt. Ekldle, HobL Pollock, Tohn Powers, C. F., A n blotter horo thai' on cultiv"''Hl ^rrassos or in the woods of Ontario. I stabl • them at night ii, he wintc ind l\«?c'|> thf ui in ii yard in th*; flaytimi^ ; they tlni c well. I inilk'd my "OWh nearly all wintoi-, bull and youn;.' stocik lived at tbo Hi-ra'v stuck all winter. 2 liorses and 47 li<-axl of ciittl-' and Iio;;s. I'Irnty of hay; my <'attle do not sc'ii, to want tuiytliin^' bnt tht) wHd hay if uell cured, and they wintor well witiiout building's if in tinchel out of wind. The woi-kin*; bullocks, milk cows uiiil calves arc stabled in winter, the balanct^ have sheils as windbrakes aovep.lv, an;> horned gi-a'les which do widl. Plenty of hay. Never ^uv cattle do better; my "stock doiss well in lop; staMe.-^ during wint<;r. 2 horses and head of cattle. I have an abundance of hay. Cattle lio w>ll. I winter my «>toek in the ()p sheep. [ have 2i) acres of Timothy, pleiit.v o\ wild hay. Cattl<^ all do well. I winttM' my stock in atables made iVoiii logs, covered with scraw. Catti*^ and sheep do buct.er thaii in (Jntano. 2 horses, 1 yoke of oxen, 3 cows, 2 two year olds, I one year old, and 5 calv--.' J whitermy .=;tock in the house when vt'ry cold, otherwist^ let thorn have tiicii liberty, as stock thrive i>est to get their liberty to move about. i cut ItX) tons of h.ay (handless). Thousands of oatth; in. Ontario, and had *''"' acre.s imder pasture ther(*, but never liad cattle do so well in Ontario. Catil and horses do very well in winter, and the great reason is that uhere are i <■ rain or sleei storms here during winter. 1 winter my stock in a stable built of poplar posts sunk in groimd, sided with lumber and sodded, covered ui'i; poles and straw. All kinds of stoc!- tlo well here. Thei'e is all the ha.\ that 1 retjuirc. 1 winli" my st tronblo to keep iat. .'? horses and 2 cows. There is a goodly supply of hay, and cattle thrive be' Li on wild hay than they do on cultivated. In winter I. stable horses and mil' cows, but let the yoimg run in an opnn shed around the straw stack 'I'licy thrive splendio'ly, only 1 think horses require a little more grain than they do in Ontario. 9 horses an cjittlo. I*lenty of Imy, mxi cattle t.hrive woU on wiM prass. In wint«>c I feoil my stock nn ][>rairio hay, ami lot thoia run ixi Htmw stack. Thoy are ua i'lxi in tht; H|'iiug an in Ontario in tlio fall. !.'{ horso kind and 10 of ciittW\ Plonty olliuy, and cattle do well. They all do vvoll in winter in shedd made of ^truw. Sheep Raismg- Sheep-growing is now becoming an important industry in the Canadian North- „v?st, and tlio climatic coiiditions are such as to render the yield of wool much finer and the fibre considerably shorter tiian that from the same class or breed of sheep elsewhere. Sheep have been enlirely free from disease in the North-West, and foot-rot has never occurred so far as can be ascertained. " Do sheep thrive in the Canadian North-West, and is sheep raising profitable '! " In amwcnv.g this question 5*7 setllns replied '■^ Fes." The replies of the others are given beiow. 'llie luii name and postal addret-s ot eacii settler are jjiven on piges, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. ^ Name. Dickens, G Urton, W. S Yardley, H. llatchinson, A Proctor, II Mtvcer, .J , Lawrence, J l'')llard, A........... Robertson, P Upjohn, F ITarward, F Answer. Yes, only cannot get thorn here to suit the settlers in small lots. • They thrive well and are very profitable. In my opinion slieei- will do well ; very profitable. Am testing the above now, and believe they will both thri\'e and be profitable. Very profitable and do weU. Yes, sheep thrive well and are pi'ofitable. Yes. I don't think there is anything that will i)ay better. Thoy domucli better than in England or Ontario. Should like to go in for thid lirunch largely, if means were forthcoming. Sheep require a great deal of attention in this country. No doubt they could be raised to pay well here. In this location they do well. No stock pays so well, and they are neither trouble or cost. Sheep are scarce, but do well, I find them unprofitable for want of mills in my neighborhood. , !,;to V*. \ W- *: 10 Name. MoGhfco. .T Rvnoo, (i VVimioo-k, Wm Fraser, .Fo)in (imnu', J Vunlv, T. V Davih, \V 11 Pl.AlV I\(1TS AS T(i THE OANADUN VOl.Tir WKST, Answer. Ropers, 'I'. Downio, J . Au'levHon, (ileorge.., Youri.a, J. M. L Doyle, W. A Aruihti'ong, (leo Walkry well. Sheep raising is verv profitable. Sheep thrive well here and are very protitiiMe. , Yes; hav(> I'outnl them do sphndi'lly, with lair profit. Yes, nhef'p do well • very piotitnMe. Yes, for those wlio have .'apitiil to put into it. Sheep <1() well; very prolitubli.' at present. Slx'pp thiivf well, hut wt^nld not pay in this part yet, as thoro are no wooIIpd niamdiietorics in iliis p'ut. j.Sheep, I feel sure, will do v\ell. and ho protitidtlc ■The best sheep I ever !^aw wrro raised in Muiiitol)a. I saw mutton with thre* j inehos of fat on th(! lib. Shee[t raisin^r i- proiitiible. jl have some shnep • they tlnivti well, anrl would be profitaiile. Sheep do well in some ])arts, V.iit the spear grass in some places gets into their wool, ami is severe on thcin Yes; will b«! prodtable when market for wool is obtained. Yes, partuuljiriy well, bein;^' profitable for mutton. Slu-eji do wed and pay well. They thrive well and are j'vofitablo. Yes, if we had a maiket for wool. 1 think the most i>rotituble of any stock. Thrive well find are jnofitable to those who have them. Where there is uo spear gra-s they do well and pay well. They do well, and v/ill i)Hy the man that raises thorn, as the wool and meid .Tn" needed in the country. TT)ri\e well. Sheep do well, they are n pnyin? stock. Sheep thrive well. Nothing I know of would be i wofitable. She*-}) thi'ive well, :uut I think wouM be prf)}itable *! loere were more. She^jp thrive well and are very profitable. Yes, sheap thrive, and sheep raising is profitable. It would be more so if there were wool faetoi'ies iir this neighliorhoolo it'proporly attended to. Harris, A. B I'l'liey tViivo W' II, hut get too fat to hreod to advantage. N(» lair trial Ln^ yet j hetii rnado iu this vicinity. Bartloy, N Sheep are oonnidered very prolitahlo Mnd thri\c well. I'baml)er9, W... Ganattife I ergu.son. All the sheep I have seen are doin^ well and will ho i.^ofifahlo. Yes, they thrive well and it will he profitalde to keep tlu^m. Todi], P. \i Oin- slienp d-i exceedingly well; they run the prairie in .summer, and are nnJor I sh<'d in winlor. Sutlior'and, VV. J{...ISheep thrive well and are prolitahle. floiinl, <' 'Tlu-y do splondidlv. Speorpi, A. U |Y(.'i5, very ])rolUable. Cox, W jSheep thrive very well and are fonnd to he very profitable. Horsc^s^ Pigs and Poultry. The raising of hordes has not;ib yt.l aseiirned any considerable proportion^',, lliough ■>vh<'il has Loon done in this direction has iT>jt with snccess. Tiiere are few countries when) the hor.ses h.'f'e riucli immunity from the diseases of stock as they hav^ in the North- West. As to pigs, tiin Berkshire breed seems best suited to the country, as the pigs of this cias.- mature r.iindiy and fatten easily living on the grass and making good pork in six or siiven monlhs with proper feeduig. The breeding and fattening of pigs increased 'on^iderably in 1S82 and subse^quent years, and no disease was reporter' ^mong them. Poultry do exceedingly well in the North- West, especially turkeys, 'yvvrng to th') dryness ol the climate. Manitoba is itself the home of the wild duck, goose and chicken, and those wliO devote care and attention to the raising of poultry are sure of a good return. It is impori-^-Ut to add that no disease of a contagious or infectious character exists among the cattle and sh )ep of the Nortii-West, and that every care is taken by th^ Provincial Government to promote the interest of breeders. Among the more recent measures adopted is the cvppointment of veterinary surgeons in each county, to look afier the interests of slock raisers, and to carry out the stringent regulations now iu foiTi; to prevent the introduction of disease amopig cattle and horses. I! H4 i i: p 42 f ii: %.*;' I'tAIN IWOTS AS rO TUli I'ANADIAN NOKi'li-WEST. Raising of Bees. Apiculture is successfully carried ou iu the North- West, as bees require a clear. dry atmosphere and ;< rich liarvest of flowers ; if the air is damp, or the weather cloudy, they will not work so well. Auotlier i-easou wViy they work less in a warm climate is that :ae honey gathered remains fluid for .sealing a longer time, and if gathered faster than it thickens, it sours and spoils. Tiie clear loright skies, dry a r aiii rich Hora are therefore well adapted to bee culture. Fruits. Wild fruits, attaining to great perfection, abound in >[anilol"ia and the North-Wesl. Wild plums, grapes, raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, cherries, cranberritis, and other berries of various kinds abotind and are of luscious qualiiy. Little attention luis hitherto been paid to fruit growing, ownng to the time of settlers being too mucii orou- pied with the important workof erecting buildings, and getlir.g their land;: fairly niuk-r cultivation, but as the general improveuieut of the farm progresses, fruit cultni'i will doubtless receive its due share of attention. Following are but, a few represeutilive statements from farmers on llie subject , a lemarkabie array of testimony on the i-ul'jec', may be found iu the pamphlet to bo had free ou application to Mr. IJegg, Caiiadiai; Pacific Haihvay Oftices, 88 Cannon Street, Loudon, E. 0, " Straw btirrius, currants, gcosebttrrios, msplu'irifs, and in t'annville. » I biive over 1,900 apple trws doing very well, and also execlliTit. black rnrrants, " .IvMh'-; Akmso.v, Fligh Hli':.. '• ^ir wbt-rry, ra<-Mberry, braiablebi.Tiy, goo.seberry, black currant, cheny, cranberry, .>^aokatooiili(;! R.nd others. Mrs. r.ibKon ha.s made over 100 lbs. of jelly tlils Kiuumi'r from wild fruit. " Wii.T.(.\.M \. •' Plums, black, white, and red currants;, strawberries, raspberries, and saskatoons. Hhubarb '1<»'^ remarkably well. " ■ '•■ W, F. '^lUKT-r, Glendale 1'. I ' Hops. Wild hops, pronounced by brewer;^' to be of excellent quality for brewing purposes. attain to a luxuriant growth in nearly every portion of Manitoba, the soil and chmal*; being apparently thoroughly suited to them. Hops from these parts Jiave for some Mr.io past commanded good prices, and the cultivation of the hop plant is believed to be most profitable to the grower. A resident settler, writing on this subject, says :— ^«JW!|Spgj^>i'>i TLAIN KACrs AS TO THE rAN'»UlAN NORUIIWKST. 43 '• Tlopg will do well cultivatod. f have planted wiid iiops out nf Hie l)ii ,li into my garden ilong thf f'l'MOo antl trained on poles, Ijoaring as lull and fine and as iara*' as anv i over snw at "^'aldina 1 Ui.-.-l.^l .*■ ;.^ T/.-i..*^ 1.'., ,.l..»,.l " ' " and Staplohurst, in Kent, England lot i.> DrvKsixG (I]mkk,son).'' Fax and Hemp. Those iniporlaiit crops *'nllivated to a considerable e.xleiiL by old settlers manj years ago, the prod nr. being of excellent quality ; but the universal complaint at that lime was the want of a marki't, or of a machineiy to work up the raw material, and tlrs led them to discontinue this important branch of husbandry. Its cultivation lias been rent.'wed extensively by the lU.ssian Meininnite settlers, on'whose reserves in tlie souLhern [)ortion of Manitoba a considerable quantity is produced. At West Lynne alone over G,UOO bushels weie bronght jn durnig the lirsl week in December, alone, iti one yeav, averaging HOc (Is. kl.) per busht!.. f'la.v is necnliarly suited to the pi'o- viiice, ami so much is this felt Ihan an English capitalist has started in AVinnipeg an fixlensive linseed-oil mill. This fact and the demand for Max seed that must uecessarily arise, will still further increase the area of its cultivation. It can only be raised suc- copsfnlly in a cool region, the warm climates of the south causing the bark to become brittle and hard, and the iiapidify with which it i.here matures preventing the lint from obtaining consistency or tenacity. On accoimt of their extremely frvourable olimate for Ihia cereal, Manitoba and the North-West territories are likely to prove formidable rivals to northern Kiiiope in its cultivation. . SPORT IN THE NORTH-WEST. 'i'he autumn months allord a good opportunity for hunting and sport among settlers and visitors to the Cana^lian North-West. UseiHl !■ .ii^ are given on this question in lliL' general pamphlet, " Mamtoba and the Ca lad m \orlh-West." From these it will have been se(m that for the English sporimc i there is no lack of opportunity for fxccllent hunting, and it will llierefoio be o: genei.il interest to supplement the jjarti- rii'ars alroaily published by tht? foilovving notes on thf' game and fish of the country, from the pen of tlie l*residenl of the Miniloba Gun Gluo ; — J)n<)K8 Manitot'a ami tlu- .\oniiW<>st 'i\ rritnrio.< ac" \].iiard, yroy • I'uk, black duck, teal, wid'jeon, pin-tail, .siiovcllei'. b'*tet-lie I'l w ^o;j:ular vidaui' Within twenty mileo of Winnipeg* tliey can ne found in myriad.. I leadingly Marsh, Englisli , Liikc, Long bake, Ijake Manitolta, Selkirk, >\\i<] ( >al. Point ar.. all v-uli'V. v in.-, of our ardent sportsmen ; while the innnerous lakes and eouk-cs aroiuid iiulnin Head, down th^; t^u' \ppelle valley, and across 'liat part of the country, wouM seem to be their home. Cven on the regular track from Prince !h' * e !■■■■■■ i4 I'LAIN FACTS AS TO TUB CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. ,♦ M "f( ,t Albert to the Mission, the traveller does not turn out of his way to find them, and imconbjas(:a." < )u tln^ 2.'h'd our party l«:it.' for We'^tbonrne Station on tho Manitoba and North W^stera Jtaiinay, ami from tiieio di'ove out to oiu' vunp o!i the southei'u shor.^ of Manitoba l,ake, nenr tlieniouth of White Mud river (filled with (l-Ii. ,su«h a.-^ maslcfdnnge, pickerel, au'l pike, ■ioiiio of iiuioen.^o fi/.c-. where w^i found evtiryihin,;^ ready ibr oar itay. The vveathnr was too warm for keeping ga?j}e..-o (hat for sour-- time wm amuse* l our.-oive.s llshino', and going through the marshes 10 L'et at the lav of itio plaec for t^hooting when eold weather should begin. For several weeks the riiaijge in the tomiicr.vture did not take plaee, but the section ali0'ind.« with game, and 've made np for lost time in g<''.ting to work, Tliirty day*' shooting pi'odueed a bag of 2,82o .hu:k-^ 'all nearly .Mallards, grev dueks, an I < i:vdwe]ls), 10 geese, and a quantir;; of large jilovor, partridge, rabbits, Sm., and everi thini. tli" re.-^idunts on tl!<» adjoinitig firin^i to the miu'-]i"s in'nrmod u.s that tho sea.son was a poor one for gatin-', on fu-.eount of the wa*"or being unuruially low, A more beautiful .■ritictioa of eoilntry could not be found than tlie belt of land extending south (jf the lake, in extent about .^^) miles long by ItMvide, I'ultivated by giod larme)'s who lisive livnd from fourteen t'» Iwerty-three years there and grown rieh." A more delightt'ul or healthy climate eai:noi i-.vist in any part ol' the world if nuj laay .,!".dge by this lust tail's wea,ther. In two months there wa« only one r.un-storm, la.stiug for fart of a day and nialit, the rest clear .sunshine. Two other English ji^eutlfmen ',vritin<;; I'loni [jondon on December 1st, ISSo, speak of Lheir sporting trip in the Canadian Norlli-West, as follows ; — '' ( )iu' sport was of tho higliest order. We iound wild geese, swans, ducks and pk)vn, Xnno of ns ever before saw a moose alive. Four of the s))ecimens sh()i were extiemely large. We were ver> jiiueh inijiressed with tin? cl'inate so eli^ar and bright with almost continual simsliin^ We slot) t out tip to tJie 10th OdobiM- under a canvas lent and not one of us had . I cold, if we had lonti this in England, many unliappy results would have occurred. We have left all our outfit at Like Manitoba and intend returning witii a largo number of om* frietids next season and would iiki;' also to go to the Mountain-? where wo h.iv.' heard luuoh of tho sport. Markets. ^ffr ^ 4 'i: Small centres of trade are continually springing into e.xistenoe wherever settle- ments take place, and these contain genpia'ly one or more stored where farmers can fnd a ready market for their produce. The stations along ine line of the Canadian Ktciiic Railway are not more than eight or tea miles apart, and the liberal cotirso adopted by tlie railway company in dealing with persons willing to undertake the erection of elevators Tor tha storage of wheat and other grain has led to tiie cslablish- mei>t of a large number of these warehouses along the line of the Railway in Manitoba alone. These have a total capacity of orer 1,500,000 and enable farmers to dispose of 1 A.' 46 PLAIN I'' ACTS AS TO THE OANAIM.W .\«)in'.f-SV RST. their grain at good prices almost at tiieir doors. A glance al fhe map demoiia'raU's that Manitoba, y/a the Canadian Pacific Railway, will have clostr connectior, vviln the seaboard than Minnesota, DalvOia, or any of the more Western >laies now havt> with New-York ; so that the export of grain from the Canadian North- West at remiinfMalivt prices is assnrod. The very large influx of people, and the prosecution ofrailways ami public works will, however, cause a great home demand lor some years, and for i time liaiit the quantity for export. SuccGS£k of Settlers, " Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and the prospects ahead o^ yon? " This is, after all, the most crucial question. I'or what are enormous yields and sub- stantial profits, if the country cannot he made a honie"-a v^-sting phu'e of comfoit, of independence and of freedom ? There are, of course, drawhacksin the Caiiaditm North- West, and in these pages the settlrrs speak their own minds I'uUy on these points, li'iit what country under the sun has not some drawbacks? If .so, it were indeed an earthly paradise. How will old England or bonnie Scotland stand in the matter of drawbacks.' The point is this : xVre tho drawbacks of the Canadi.:in North-West anytljing appi'oarh ing in importance those under which 1 am now living ? Is the North- West a de'^irabhr place for settlement m my own peculiar circumstances ? Can I hope to live there with gj-eaier cuinroil and less anxiety for the future of myself and my children than in \W old country ? No impartial reajer will have ditli'Milty in answering for himself by tljf3 aid of these pages. In regard to the replies to this particular question, it should be borne in rniuu thai the Canadian North-West is an irrnnense countrv. Its perfect development is naturally a work of some tinii'. Rjiilways have been during the past year or two built thoro at a rate perhaps unknown in hum;iu JiisLoiy and tlie work still proceeds, ihit liiejc must yet be districts without immediate contact with the iron horse, though anollif;r year may see these very districts the centre of a system as has been the experieii' e in the past. It IS of coursf- natural that each farmer should want the railway runniiii: through his farm and even close to his own door. But such a thing is impossible even in long established Britain , how can it be expected in newly-sotlled Canada? It r. .Ms with each intending settler to choose his own land ; there is still ample to be had wiih good railway facilities. In answering the qnesi ion. Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and the prospects iihead of you? 84 farmers replied simply "- ]V.s." Following are the answers given by others. Tlieir postal audrusses an; given ou pages 3, ■o 4, u. 0. or Nil lilt Answer, Urton, W. S. Yardley.n... Hutchison, A , Very woll satisfied. Yes, I am (piito satisfied. If I had more ca])if.',d, could make a t'ortuue in u i'. v^ years. '- / Perfect Iv ssatisfied. \3'*^, '.ii.i;i:i,'iiiiii;:«ii f rii'; iii|| i'':'iii:";^^'§iinl ':il! r.mW'U |J,v!;';'1;!||!|||!v^||y, |t|.i ,;;.:ii:li. Hi, '"i '^,Si:i-'iaf,:il«iS| |r!ili5;fll?»'':. ■!l ,.,ia:r::" 'i'Mi. • A'r few I']:' ' i:i »^^^^^ !-.;;i,,iie;:'::;'Nv;;^^ :., fig:---f i-:]|';,:i:; ' , I'I , ^■■■ :>i*^ '-« 'I , 'i'T'-. ;|! 'I ■!'"■' I .^f^-f ■!r^;\:.'''..it|' A 'I •,'' ; :,<('iil'|iL''' ,.MII."l.ll\ tUM>' ':i'''iir''|j i"!'"'«'!ai'i ,1 V '*' ;.'■-■■# ;-".|j«:i: II: I ," i; i?ii.M.^ j!':,'-* ■|V1, ''I 'V.'l 'l' ^ ll'" hr''' ' ' 5 i- 4 ^1 4* .lt ?'!l '4 i'imm Pi.AlN FACTS AS TO THIO TAXaDUN NORTU-WfcST. 47 Name. Fi>liei', H. V\M, E Lawi'Mice, J Scfooch, J rpiohrij F Hai'^'. ai'd, F Cameron, W. <.'. Lothian, J Mciihee, J Bruce, (x. Answer. ■SetcUul in .Tune, IiSS4 ; jnoro residence is necessary to answer this i]uestion, but I tliink with capital a man will do well. Very. \ atu well .satislicd with the country and climate. Pei'fectly .siatisfied. . Yes, very. ■ • " ' Yes, I'airlv so. Yes, by all means. / P(;rfcctly Hatis-iied with tlie conutvy, and proppectfi are fair. Very. Prosfiett.^ ;.50(i(l. .'^'atislied. Bell, C.J !Ybs, very well. Miildloton, A |I am quite "".'itisHed with tlie country, elijnate and future }>rosi)echs. W.unook, W iYes. ' Except to go on a visit, I have no desire to go back to the Old Country. Hci'l, A jVes, I am porfeorlv .-;alisiiod, il'onlv a little more railway faciliiv in this district I (Milford). iT.iser, .fohn jYcs, ])erfectly contented and good pros{)ects ahead. (jraii.^, J ^■e,s, if wf liad railway communication to this place ((Jartwright). PprLj'-, W. 1) Kemarkably well. It is a mosr wonderful country, and with energy and I perseverance skilfuMv directed a fortune can bo made soon. -. KiiuK-ar, J. II iWell satisfied. ' -^ Miller, Solomon if am w«»ll pleaded with the country and climate,. ;.Jid Jf we had a railroad here j (Alameda) J wo>d< I be well pleased with my prospects. WVhster, A...; jYes, fully. McGill, G ..jYe!". So t\\r as climate, it is more desirable than Great Briiahi or Ireland on the whole. Winter is clear, dry nnd healthy ; no need of un)il)rella, mutl-boots or - top-coat round home, rrrimmett, D. W....!AVell sati.siied. Purd}-, T. F jVeiy much indeed. I thiidi this will, he a great cormtr\ . Davit', W. ir iWe require railway facilitie.'^ in this place (Crystal Cityi. Roi'ers, T IPerfectly satisfied. Smith. Wm 'I am satisfied. Dovnie, ,J jPerfeotly satislird, and would not go l^aek to Ontario to farm if pai(i for it. j There ie not half the hard work here thai there is in Ontario. Kines, \Vm iSatisfied with coujury and climate. Ingram, W. A d am. In this locality (Milford) wo want a railroad, oj' a ju.aiket where wo can j go then-, and back in one day. Anderson, J Certainly satisfierl. .Ml we want i.s railway facilities to this place. Yount^, ,J. M 1 am perfectly well .satisfied. Mcl;ae, R Yes, you bet I am. Oliver, T Yes, f am, if we had niilways dirough the county (Btu'nside). Lang, R Perfectly. -'Sheppard, .J .lam. Although ft2 years of age T am determined to make this nn- home for the future, as it is a farming country. Stevenson, F. W Perfectly with all. Lovely weai-her is the ride here. Armstrong, Geo...,. Y'^es, fully. Bf-vell, J I am, if ^ve bad a branch railway here iPlimi Creek, Sourish Walker, ;r.C Perfectly. • ;>(' ••4 '# i 48 CLAIK I'ACTS A,S TO THB CANADIAN NORTU-WKST. ;.. - t i ... Black, (i. R The country and climate can't bo beaten : the prospects are fair. McCroquodale,C.T.ClEntirely .'.o. -' Wright A Sons jWell satisfied. Whitney, C jl am well r^atisfied. McLennan, T |Ye.-, very well satistied with the country, climate and prosjtects, if we ot:i\ { the railway tcj this place LVsessippi). McKen/ie, D ,!l am well satisfied. . , . Fraser, D. D |Certainly. Gilmour. H. C 'I am very well satisfied with the country. Drew, W. D |l am well satisfied, and have unbounded faith in ihe lutnro of the country McKellar, J) ISatisfied . Hartney, ,T. H.,. Ogletrec, F Harris, Jas. Smart, G. Shirk, -J. M.... McAskie, .las. Osborn, D Perfectly, if we had a branch railway to this place (Sourisj. r am well satisfied with the country, the climate and prospects ahead. T vvo'ili not change under any consideration. Yes, very m\ich. Yes, if we had a market and railroad here (Holland). Personally, not exactly, as I have been rather unfortunate in losing animal. ; .1 but think tho general prospects are good. Very well ; the winter is pretty cold ; the spring, sum'ner and fall are deliglithi! Very well satisfied. 1 1 * 'k. l»l-Aiy FACTS AS TO TUB OANADUH K0RTII-WH8T. 49 Name. Answer. ! ri'iHon, D. If I Very much, would not loavo. i;iiestor, A I am well pleased with tho coniicry, tlie climate i« good, and T am sure this must I >>e a grand country yf!t. l^inerftoel, d Jf IVr-ry woll suti.sfiod as yt*t. Nugent, A. -i !a1I viirht. if chanj^o in Govormjion* poli«'y, still I jsii a good Conservative. Ghee, F ...^I am well satisfied. Aadurson, (leorge...'I ani thoroughly satisfied with the cor. i try and climate, and my prospects ar© I i?ood. Kenny, D. \V jrerreclly satisfied at present. ,\I''Dougall, A. (> .,..;\Vitli tini countty decidedly, but want a little moro capital in my business. i'uirhoad, T I am quite Batisliod. Bfirnes, r, A I Yes, and prospects are i,'ond ahead. ' 'hambort, W. M Yc.-s, they are all that Cim bo desired, iJowes J Most decidedly. Champion, W. M.,,. This country has done well tor mo. , ' ■• Boulding, G. W IVery much. TatQ, J jAm satu-tied witl» countiy and eiimato. Mi'Murty, T \l am satisfied with the country. McCaughey, J. S...,JYe8, I am ; all wo want is a railroad to this part (Alameda). Taylor. VVm iWoll satisfied. Stevenson, (r. B ! Yes, well satisfied. , Wagner, W, ;:yi.P.P)^Yos, very much. Dcaslip, J, J :Yes, perl'ectly, if wo had a railroad here ( Alameda) ; otherwise no. Nf Ison, K...! ! As to country arid climate, yes ; As to my own present prospects, no. Mcintosh, A. t have no reason to complain. Slirton. J iQuite satisfied with the country and climate, buo want freo ;_trade in lumber and machinery, and tlie JJudson Bay IJailway. Yes, winters .ire a little too long ; but think Jiis country equal to any. Most decidedly so. ' Yes, if the Government would .see fit to remove the duty off implements. I think it would be all right. Yes, well satisfied. Perfectly satisfied with country and climate. The only drawbacks are want of additional shipping faciUties, and high tarift'on implements. Yes, very (Satisfied. . " Witli the country and climate, yes. * Yes, tlie countty and climate are first-class. Not entirely. _ I am. I came ;to the country without any experience, and am well satisnea with it. I am very well satisaed. , • ^ , . . ^ Yes. perfectly. ^ ~ , ; Yes,, perfectly. Yes, if we had a railroad here (Beulah). ... Yes, I feel happy, and all my family, six sons, four daugters. and twenty grand- children. All in Manitoba ', all well and happy. With the country and climate, yes. Bolton, F Morton, T. L Campbell, K. Hox, J.T Sifton, A. L. M.'Donell, D V7ilson,Jas Kemp, J I'aynter, -T. E •McQee, T Ifeanoy, J ... McEwan, h ^%ter,C. B Fraser, f. S ''onnerson, .T., « * • • •( Kftwson, fff*' ' 1 ^e) I LAIN KACTa AS TO THli OANAIXAN NORTH -\Vii;«>T. ■3 4; 1 ::j:ss'gt.r.-a; iT r-T ar::^." Name. Niokell, \V ITarris, A. B.... Bartley, N Chanxbors, W.. Payntor, VV D. f fay tor, \V. II., Parr, J E Wriirlit, C Garvatt & Korguson McUne, A. M. McLean, .). A Bedford, .1 Todd,i\ K , Answof. P'.iirly well satisfied with tfio country. I am. if we got railway accomiuodation lieri'(Boulah). Yps, proviiiing we can got market and railroad facilities 'lore I'WattHviow). If I vvuro not satiKfied I would }»ji\ <' left long ago. Yes if wo got railway accommodation horo (liculali). Yes (juite satistied. » Yos; very well. TliP! counti-y is ;dl right, bnt we want more railways in this |iart (Beaconatioldj. (iujte .-atistied, if we can get our grain hoM at 8ati^0^ctory prices. I have faitli in ih(^ wlioh iiinntry. I am satisfiod witii all of thorn. 1 shouUl like it, better if Dccombor, January arvd Feb'>'uary wore wanner. Well satiisfjf'd. ( hny objection is a little too hnrd frost ; stonns are nothing.' I'.v wh:it 1 expected. 1 do not know wljore 1 could hotter mysiolf. Perfectly sat is ht>d, * lYos, perfectly. . Caii'eruta Ar Jefferd/'ertainiy. <'onnelI, K iSatistied" with tlie country and climate. Cox, W. T , JYea. Our onl)i drawback is the ^ack of local railway facilitioa \Miirord). Boddrick, R.. Tullook, A... Speers, A. U.. The Class of Settlers nowin the Nortta-West.—Tiio gre.tl nutiiber of Settlers comelroni llie Eastern I'rovMK'es ol the Doniiiiioii, Ontario contributing by I'ur the lar- g^est portion composed principally of the very llowor of her agricultural population. The arrivals from Europo are pi-inctpally English, Scolcii, and Irish, including ten.iiii farmers, laborers, servaits and olhors, most of whom loadily adapt thoruselves to fhcir new life. There are also a good number of (rermans and Scandunivians, hard-AVorkin;, law-abiding citizens, whose co-patriots have proved themselves to be among the most valuable settlers in the Uiiited States. Some settlers are contributed by the American Union, a small portion being repatriated French Canadians, principally ftom the Siau of Massachusetts, and tiie balance, farmers and farniers' son*-v almost entirely from ilu^ Western States, while there is also a large settU.mcni of Russianft, Monnonites, and Icolandics, who are now comfortably settled, coiitented and prosperous., the last nanu'd having formed an Icelandic settleniient at Big Island, Lake Winnipeg. The I'runrh- Canaaians settled along the Red River, who emigrated from Boston and other .i lies in the New-England States of America, are reported to be in good circumstances and, their crops having yielded largely, their prospects are excellent. Spealiin!: generally, the people of tlie North-west are hightly respectable, orderly, and Iav» abiding. Farm Labour.— It is difficult to give definite information on this point. Theift is no doubt it has been high, especially during harvest ti-.ne, when there is a gtc^ demand for men to take in the crops, but the very large number of people going*! sdo the country during the past few seasons has tended materially to reduce the scaU oi wages. One point should be remembered— that the farmer in Manitoba, with Ivis i.n %\. IM./ilN PAOTH AH TO THK eANAllUV \ORTri-WRST. 51 nu'iisft yield and fair prices, can afford to pay a comparatively high rate of wages, and still find his farming vi ry profliable, Chx'Tches.— The ulmou reli^rioiis libf^rly prevails everywhere in Canada. Chur- ('it.;s ol nearly ail iliMioininations exist and are in a llourishiuf? condition, and wliere ,;s> Itlement is not large enough to support a regular church, there are always Msiting deigymeii to do the duly. Schools. — Means of education, from the highest to the lowest, everywhere ahaiirid in llit* Dominion. The poor and middle classes can send their children" to free -r'lools, vvhere excellent rdncalion is p;iven ; at)d the road to the colleg(;s and higher oJ .■•alion is open and easy for all. In no connlry m the world is good education more giuerally diU'used than in Canada. It is on the separate school system, and receives not only. a very considtjrahle grant from the local government, bnt there aie also two sfrtions in eacli townshifi set apart by the Dominion Covernment, the proceeds of which, wlion sold are applii'd lo tin* support of schools. Theie is a snpprintendent to each section, and lIA«C NORTH- V/BHT. Ezsasrss '.nxr^ -^r.3CmirTSi--:a3X::r5 MEssns, CAMriou Br.nTHiHb, per H. E.Campior, who ornil to forward their Manitoba address, says : — " Thiscouiitry is Burt^i and safer for a man with eilhor small oi Iar4 caoital, bomg less liable to Hood and drought than any part of the Wf-steTn State,; of America, speaking from expeiienoti. Intending settlers on landing i>honld first know how to work and drive a te:un and stick to it, and they are bonnd lo sncceed. " "William Waones, M. J*. P, of Woodlands, Osi^owii, Mr.nitoba, writes :— *' Very U:\\ inhabitants have visited Manitoba and Norlh-West ns myself. J iiave seen ibo s» iije; in this first year, and aguii! after three and four yeais and what a difTereiice Th. first year much misery, tlien a|;ain ( umforl. I liave seen a ^'ood nniny laij/lisli • uIit- in the first year : they are a great deal disappointed ; bnt after lUey have been ac us tomed to onr ways, ibey are happy ana contented. We have in Woodlands iboMi thirty English families, who had bnt hltle a!)^! they belonf; today to onr best of l,n mers, and \vith us we have never h -ard of any discontent. " James Conneuhon, of Mi inewashta, Manitoba, writes thus : — " Keep barl. iron: whisky, rontract no debts, sign no notes, slick hard at work for two years, and li'ni[ and at it. If one lias no means, work otit with a lannej' fo'r a lime : pay as jnii |,"j along. That is my humble advice to all intei.din^'' settlers, i know hnndredir ut yc.r; decent people in Glasgow (Scotia lui), also in Holland, who would be thankful lu ''(mdc out here and get a homestead free. " James Tjittle, Postmaster, of Oak fUver, Manitoba, says: — "This is the lio.s. counlry in the v.orid for Peltiers lo come to ; for instance, they can t,'el ih'.ir laui lo^ nearly nothing, and i;: t:.iv'.; y.:ii.\s b^; worfii betwe>^u 'i/iiiO and ',,'M)i) .lollars (/^^Ol; tc ;^1,000) just in the rise of the price of the land ; besides, he can raise all the siock li. requires, perhaps the sanje amoufit or more. There is not mueh work to do, it can h done with machinery, and a man that is ^'ond of ^;port can shoot all the fowl he waiilv i. can kill hundreds of all sorts cf wild fowl here, geese, diicks, j)rai'.ic chickens, snip* and wild turkeys in abundance. TuoMAS Carteh, of Woodlands, i^Ianitoba, says — "The Canadian XortliNV'.v needs no vindication. It will soon be as well kaown lo the world as is the Hock o Gibraltar. Asfor the cold, I have been more miserably c>l.l on Ihe iiei,t,dits e years, it oilers a comfortable iiidependenco in a very few years, with very little u; 'tal expenditure." Ci. I^ Black, of Wellwood, County Norfolk, Manitoba, says: — "This country is ;;i' i)P8t place lur a iiimu with a small capital to make a home that I have seen, and I iiav" been through eight stales'of the United States, and I have seen nothing lo compare lo tins (^auauian'Norlli West. I would advise settlers coming from Euronn to brinp iif)'!iiiig but clothes atirl bedding and light materials. I would say in e.vplaua'ion that 1 h iVf rai.sed as lll,^n as 4li bushels of wlieat and 7a of oats, but that is not ihe rule." Mr. A. H. I>im;i:rs, of Griswoid, Manitoba, writes :-" I consider this the greatest grain producing country in the world without any exception, and as I havt; handled '• ii:-,idtrable stocK !iere 1 know that to pay well. Last spring 1 sold one slabh' ofcaitle for iOO doll.irs (CliO) per head for butcliering. My sheep have paid well, Miich cows do very well, and also poultry, and in fact cvf'ry thing I have tried. No man need fear lliis country for producing anything except tropical fruit." Mr. P. R. Toun, of Gr'iswoM, Manitohi, writes :— "- 1 believe that any man who is wilUng to woik, no matter how small his means, can improve his circumstacces (ir;uu:ially ill this country, .uid there is a good chance for a man of means or large (a lilal to run business on a large scale profif.ibly." ^ Mr. W. II. IIavtkp., of Alameda, Asj.iniboia, *N. W. '\\, writes :— '' A single mr 1 can • ;uie here and farm on a smail capital, say 500 iloUars i.ClOOj. I have a family •!" six. boys to Blart. We are well satisfied with the prospects ahead." Mr. James Rawson, of Mountain City, Sec. IG, Township 2, R. O, W., Manitoba, writes : - " Persons coming to this Province should have 500 dollars (£100) in ".ash to ^ta-twilh; not hut what a person can get along wi'h less, as I have done, bat it is liilncult. Magniticent country for persons who have plenty of money. CUmale healthy, Wc'.ter gooil, j.ienly of game." Mr. Tiio.^i.\s Ah.GEij, of Purnside, Manitoba, writes :— " 1 think that the Canadian North-West is well for inrluslrious hard working people, either laborers, farmers or i: echanics. 1 was a mechanic before I came here, and am satisfied that the country is a good one for people that want to make homes for themselves." rw' i wi J flH' .* ll i ilH J r-lHI 1 ( ;!^ ll. w lii vl ■- 54 I'LAIN VkCTH A>; TO TIIK OANADIAN NOUTH-WKST. Mr. John Kemp, of Austin, Manitoba, writes :-- ^' Th(» soil is immensely nch, aiKj, will raise large crops for a long lime without manure. I am a Canadian by bii!;,. audi have travelled over a good part of the Slates and Canada, and, all things considered, 1 have seen no part of America to equal this < 6untry for agricultural purposes." Mr. Thomas L, Morton, of Gladstone, Manitoba, writes : — '■' My land is all btusli. which I consider the best in tlie end, but more labor. ! hava twenty acres dark loam, sowr -"'•'^' '^ *' ^ '--" ' -^'^ '^^ ^"^ ..<>..4-..i. .,^,1 r.A i- ... .. .' pay! wn with Tunolhy, red top arid clover; 25 head of stock, and 50 acres of crop, which ys far better tjian 100 acres of crop. Pigs pay Vv'ell. Native hops grow well," Mr. lloBEHT Camphell, Bridge Creek, P.O., Manitoba, writes; — '-My opinion i^- doall right." Mr. DuvcAN McDoNELL, Baie St. l^^nl, Manitoba, writes : — . *• The Canadian North We^t, if once settled, will be and is the best agricultural country of all \ have travoiimi ihrough." Mr. Josm \ Elliott, of Sourishurg, Man., says : — " 1 consider this coniilry llu' hes' in the world for all classes of farmers. Fo' the capitalist, phnity of room aiuJ sah returns; and the man of limited capital, to secure a good Jionie and be inde[iendent I have given you a true statement of my own experience. You have my addiess above, and persons w-inling information by sending a stamped envelope I will answer il. and give them the benef.v of all .'uv e.xpenence.' Mr. Sami'El I>aV, Sec. 3-1, t. 13, B. ;^0, Fleming, N. W. T. — " J slioubi like lo v.- the emigration agents go more into the farming districts of England, and induce iiion farm labjrers to come to this country. 1 would suggest Devonshire, as labor is pleiilifui there and wages low. I am afraid some of those c.ity people will not makegood settu't:, and hence have a bad effect by writing home bad accounts. I am satisfied this is oik of the best countries for an indi;strious man with eneigy." Bolton, FERRrs, of Calf Mountain, Manitoba, says: — '' I firmly believe that 'hi- country has advantages over all others for growing grain and raising slock, ana woiili advise ail young men who liave not »nade a start, anil all tenant farmers with linnU' car u.a! to come here." M. \ii- lA -timony such as is contained in the foregoing pages could produced iLideflmt>-y. The bountiful resources of oi;r Great North- Wesi as herein to a siaali extenc shown, cannot fail to impress the reader wii' the knowledge that we have indeed a country whose resources ano aitractijns are boundless. /#' ifc* Spf 'i ill! '"'■:':', Mff''',: i'^:;;!!!i;;'!!.i:*:ii;i.„,.. ll, ill''''';'-"*. dl ^^a^5v;' ,>.: o if i' ' T O »*4 ■* • *>* ^"^ EC4 ^ '4 i^^si ' ^pa IBi'^^ ^ p ■» V, • «: 5 , '^ - ,«n,- • i sS!' M , ^'1 t ^-^o^Ji H '^ / '^H^ W ic!|ps?*« a < »-< / t*4 . i 3 .a : ;>?^ ;^ f t I I «. f # B) IM Cm.,' I m mi TiiS INADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY XSS !?:£££ Si Direct, theretore tiie Safest and Quickest Route SBTTJ^EaSXT lee. Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, St. Thomas, Detroit, Chicago, &c. •t of the Projectore was to make this THK VERY BEST MEW LINE EVER CONSTRICTED on AN CONTINENT, uud with thin object in view every dire waatakeu in its ooiistmotiou, «P; >,'es, resting ou MASSIVE STONE P^EKS, are of steel of twice the ordinary streu^th ; the mils are of ■'<-•,• material, and the track has been coustructed iu such a permauently aubstautial maimer ob to insure the ilts a8 to SPEED and SAFETY. IHE FINEST PASSENGER, PARLOR, SLEEPING and DINING CARS .iTf .n use on this liailway ; every luxury and conveuienoe that ingenuity can contrive abound in the ■iiupmeut of this maguiticetit road, Cool air and freedom from dust in summer ; and uniform warmth, \p^r ventilation, in winter. TRAINS ARE :>UN STRICTLY ON TIME, -caution is taken for the safety of Passenger Tjaiiis, ev^'ry appliance of proven va1u8, &c., having bceia '.doptfd. I I I I— »—^—»i^»»«i»»—»—^^P——»— »»»«——«««— — — <— — »«M Illll II IBPLOYEES OF THE CO MPANY ARE NOTED FOR THEIR UNIFORM POLITENESS THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY , JEST OOKTINUOUS LINE IN THE WORLD i* ^ v.iy transcontinental line stretching from tlie Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, under one ajanageraent lt8 Tt^rminus in the East ia Quebec, and iji the West Vancouver, British Columbia |iif line of th** North Shore of Lake Superior must be wen to be appreciated, no jien, however fluent in '^ription can do justice to the trauacendeni lovelineau of some fthe lake views, or to the awful grai deur, nag to sublimity, of the views obtainable from the dizzy heights of the Kocky MoontainH rivalliug and ihoHe of Switjwrland. [fi(iroi)dfl oloi^ tkK line are tuii of game of all deacriptions aud the Rivers and Lakes fairly team with fiah. READ THE CONTENTS OF THIS PAMPHLET. I I'' I. TUB I' .^ I CAIiSIAi m THE GREAT TRANSCONTINENTAL From the Adonlic gHORT LI[IE to (he Pi OOE^lsT TO OOE-A-IST QUEBEC, MONTREAL & TORO: -10- Britisl:L OolVLmToisi- THE 8IBECT BOOK TO WIPiPEfi, MIlNITflBII M THE MIIIB MOR" NO TRANSFERS, NO DELAYS, NO CUSTOM'S CHARG| FREE COLONIST SLEEPERS Time i MONTREAL TO WINNIPEG, TORONTO TO WINNIPEG 61 64 Ifyou fmvH for Mu-^meas or f Ictsuro, ^'cl•.pssltv or K^laxation, EAST, WEST, NORTH-WEST WEST, you cmi be a<'coiuui• SOUTHERN MANITOBA '^^^—- ---^^^^ - -"-jgj ^ - 1 1 Manitoba and the Northwest Territories of Canada SHOWINQTHC LINES AND LAND GRANT OF THE Canadian Pacific Railway. The COMPANva lands in part consist or thc oDo-NUMBtREO sections in the belt colored qreen, THE nEMAININa SECTIONS BEING QOVERMMENT HOMESTEAD LANDS. oba and Southwestern Railway, leased by the Canadian Pacific, and comprised within the uncoiored belt in Southern IManitoba are now a ^^«p and the Nonhwest Temtorjes of Canada we IV. leased by the Canadian Pacific, and comprised within the unoolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now n Manitoba are now open for tale. Apply to John H» McTavish, Land Commlaalonerf Winnipeg.