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Kevkrend and Dear Bretiiukn : Though Triennial Visitations of the Clergy may bo considered by careless and Indift'ercnt persons to be only a customary form, specidily discharged, and as speedily forgotten, no clergyman who knows his duty can so regard thcin ; least of all, 1 hoi>c! the person on whom the duty devolves of now addressing you. For I trust that none hero present forgot, that during the three years now past *' the Lord of tlic vineyard" has looked for good fruit at our liands ; that these years have taken away a part of the sum of life, of which, in many cases, but little remains; and that we are all nearer to that dread account, which we must give of our ministry at the judgment f»cat of Christ. When we beiir in mind St. Paul's description of what a Pastor should be ; Avhen wc read in Scripture the narrative of what the Apostle was; when our ordination vows meet us here, as it were, face to face, how can we think of our final account with- out fear and trembling? Nor do we meet to-day without other solonin recollections. The Venerable Archdeacon, whose kindly greeting, brotherly and valuable counsel were always extended to us on these occasions, is no more amongst us, and is himself gono to render that account which awaits all of ns who remain. A promising and laborious young clergyman has found an early grave in a foreign land, and our little band has been still further reduced by other causes on which I need not dwell, but which may well make us " all tremble for the ark of G01.L" There arc also grounds of peculiar anxiety, to which I must pre- sently allude, which make me feci the burden of my cares especially lieavy at this time. Our Church, and our people generally, may be said to be now on their trial ; a trial which is likely to be pro- longed ibr several years, and according to our behaviour under it, God will approve or condemn us, and posterity will either curse our apathy, or will "rise up, and call us blessed." We have a heri- tage to hand down unimpaired ; we have privileges of no ordinary kind to secure to others ; we have a " sacred deposit" of truth to keep inviolate. We have to " take heed to this our ministry, that we fulfil it." Let us all, then, laying aside party spirit, party II I) namop, and party diflVroncos, hctnko oi.rsolvos with oiio nilnis ;iil " tli(^ spirit of counsel ami might, tho spirit of knowUulgc and of the fear of tlic Lord^" that wo may exhibit to the world that most cdifyini; and convincincj proof of the reality of our work, wise and godly counsel, and brotherly love. For however the gifts of one clergyman may be more attrac- tive than those of another, however one may imagine that his views of the truth of theCJospcl maybe clearer than those of another, the common good of all can only be promoted by our unity in action, and those who do not belong to our communion, and many of those Avho arc within it, will judge us, and will often judge the Church in wliich we are ministers, not by our party ditferenccs, but by our general conduct towards our flocks, and towards each other. And differences which seem important to us, are not held in nuich esteem by them. The more need then, that while we hold finidy what we have subscribed, and believe to be true, we shoidd roincin- ber how many, on all sides, some of whom seem to have been holier Christians than ourselves, have held and taught dilYcrently. Having made theso general prefatory remarks, I now proceed to relate some of the facts, interesting to us and to our flocks, which liave taken place during the last three years, and to suggest scfun; reflections upon them, for our mutual benefit. And I shall also select a few other topics arising out of the diflicultics of our position, or the peculiar circumstances of the times, on which I may venture some advice. *• ' '■ " ' ' - During the three years past, I have confirmed 1,333 persons, and have visited every Mission, and most of the Stations in the Diocese. 1 have also ordained twelve Priests and ten Deacons, have l>aptizcd many, both adults and infants, and have consecrated six (Jhurchcs and four burial grounds. The number of persons confirmed is larger, the number of Churches consecrated smaller, than on former occasions. But the truth is, we have already more Churches than the clergy can properly supply, and we require a much more numerous body, to give to every station a full service once on the Lord's Day. Even this is less than is desirable. But how unsatis- factory is it to be obliged to give to any congregation no more than twelve services in the year, and of these often one-third, or more, on stormy days, when many are prevented from attendance ? At present, however, we have no remedy but an occasional service during the week, and T think it is far better t(> take no more dutv -iw^r^^fr^mwf 11(1 aii'l llior ill SCI and lliat wo •j; \)V()tA' ollwrly altrac- is views |lior, the .iction, lof those lurch ill by our And 1 much 1 finriiv romciii- n holier on our Iiarids tliati ourwlrcn^^th will allow, and to perform that duty rrgiihvrly and oHlciciitly, and not to multiply ClmrclioM hcyond tlic numhor which wo can Hcrvo with rcf^uliirity. I advi.so you, wluirf •thcro aro several Churchort aiul Stationw, to select one, the iiioHt proiiiisin;.^ and imporlant, to which your chief caro rIiouUI be given, which may serve as u centre of opcratiouH, and may prevent your work being frittered away by a number of services, which produce no permanent ofloct. Where a clergyman has several services, T strongly recommend a plr*n, which is found to answer well, and to tMiHiire a more punctual attendance. Let a list be printed, and circulated among the parishioners at tho beginning of the year, containing every scrvi(;e, and tho place and ♦,imc of service. This order should be, as far as possible, rigidly adhered to. It seems not out of place here, to make a few remarks on* tlio important Kubject of Confirmation. I have before expressed my views on the difKcult question, the limit of requirement which wc should exact from the candidates for that lioly rite. Two crrf)r8 nro to bo avoided. The one is, the discharging this duty hastily, suicrlhiially, and with more regard to the numbers which can bo br()Mgiit to bo confirmed, than to an intelligent, serious, and holy engagement on the part of the candidates themselves. It is no tiiuo to seek outcandidatesfor confirmation when the Bishop comes \\\\o the parish, or into tlic neighbouring parish. The best way to prepare the candidates is to make out a list of all the young people of suitable age, at least a year beforehand. Time then will be aft'ordetl for seeing tbem leisurely and privatcl}'', for ascertaining their general habit of life, for suggesting to them their duty, for pointing out to them Scriptures to be read, books of useful infor- mation, and for gradually removing from their minds needless scru- ples or objections, which others are constantly setting before them. It is distressing to witness, as I ahvays do at times of Confirmation, the exceeding pains which arc taken to prevent young persons from being confirmed. Tluiso attaclcs will be best mot by anticipation, which will prevent the young from being surprised by the mention of objections. Another advantage which would arise from a longer and more systematic preparation, is that the candidates would liavo more time to consider their duty in regard to the Lord's Supper, ■which many of them constantly neglect; and they would likewise bo more cltoctuaily taught that their engagement is of a binding nature to the Cliurch of England exclusively, and that they cannot break this eiigagemeiit, and fall away, as I fear too many do, into h : 1 1 llie sin of soliism.* Tlioy \vonl;lit, aH iti tlic sij^lit ot'i|. And wlicn* wo are satisiii'ti that tlio spirit an5e nuist \h\ niado fur want of education, or defeet (»f exprcHHioii. No doubt the kind of preparation, which i now rcconinicnd, will cost you ft good denl of labour, but it is labour, not only well b(!stowed, biit in tho highest spiritual sense, remunerative. You will bo more tluin repaid, if you can gather tho younger mend)ers of the flock around you, and give them apermai:cnt interest in tiio r'hnroli of England. One yoinig man, well taught, and thoroughly grounded in liis principles of duty, and prepared, by (jod's grace, to live as a consistent Ohurchman, will bo worth more to you than a tliousand hearers, who como to criticiso and tolerate you, as long as yon do not offend their prejudices, and who will desert you when offence is taken, and who never loved the Church, even w hen they professed to admire the pastor, But whilst I urge upon you all the duty of assiduous preparation of the candidates for Contlrmation, as well !us of inciilcating on th 'mj the duty of faithfulness to the Church, 1 also advise you not to exact from them too much. They arc, for the most part, young and ijiexperienccd, and cannot be expected to have attainctl that " ripe- , ness and perfectncss of age in Christ," which belongs to the advanced Christian. I'rofessions of religious experience, and of tho dealings of God with their own soids, are not to be trusted; and in most cases we cannot expect them to forego those recreations and amusements, in which their ciders and betters have .always (as they suppose) innocently joined. These are points on which good men will always differ. My own personal feeling hsis been rather unfa- vourable to such amusements, but experience has shown me that tho rein cannot be drawn too tightly without danger of a reaction ; and that if young people are not allowed to amuse themselves inno- * Every thouf,'lithil person mast see, that, if it were fronerally uiidorstood lliat those wiio arc oonlirined, and wlio hecoiive ('oinrniinicants in oiirCliincli, art! at liberty to follow their own fancies in attcndin}^ other jilaces of worKJiip, %YlR'resoevcr and whensoever they please, there is an end to all steadfastness of principle — and if such a view be consistently followed, f!ie puljiits of the Church of England ought everywhere to bo open to diviiies oi all pn<;|itrii| where |\' allow- !.HHiotl. 111(1, will |ily well You iicmhci'H |t ill tlio •roughly i^nico, t(» I lltiin a ;is lorii^ cciilly ill the presence t»f tlicii cliler«, tlicy will niimso Ihemnclvcrt l>y htenlth, iin«l with less ro.stiT.iiit. And the f^i'uiit prohleiii to ho Molvod Ih, liow to use III! fJod'sj^it'tH without Jihimiog them. Diincinpf, to iiichided), "as'tliis^fChurch and refvlni liatli received the Bamc." NecesHtly alone, v hich cannot bo pleaded wlien the Church is at hand, can exempt you from this duty. All that you require is, to let it be imdcrstood by Church-people generally, that sucli is your duty; that the Frnycr Book, by which you arc bound, and they ought to be guided, directs you how it is to be done, and that I, as required by the same Prayer Book, have called upon you so to do it. Obedience to our promises, when it is not done hauglitily, pettishly, or capriciously, will command the respect of all reason- ablo people, and " obedience is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams." Every clergyman should also take care that a suitable book is provided for entering parochial baptisms, mar- riages and burials, and on no account sliould they be entered in a private memorandum book. Parochial registers are as much the property of the parish as parsonage-houses; and the certificate given to the civil Registrar of Marritiges does not preclude tl'.o desirableness, on many accounts, of having our own registers. Tlic accustomed form may be seen in the Cathedral library. In perfoiming the Ma^'riago Service, it is not right, nor consistent with our dut}', and our promise at ordination, that we should omit any part of it. Wo have as much right to leave out half the Litany, as to curtail the Marriage Service. And if there bo any expressions in it v/hich oflfend fastidious ears, or require explanation, the expla- nation can be given privately, cr at a proper time, in public. But we are not responsible for these expressions ; and we cannot expect others to follow our directions, if we ourselves set the example of disobedience to the Church. I also particularly recommend, that in every Church, in some convenient place, or in the vestiy, a Table of Afiinity, according to the Canons of the Church rcspectinc; Marriage, may be placed, that loose and irregular marriages may be prevented. It would also bevery desirable, that in every Church where the seats are free, the fiict should be recorded in some tablet kept in the vestry, or other convenient place, which will prevent disputes on the subject among the parishioners. I may ilso observe, that it is not needful to bind yourselves to preach funeral sermons on every occasion of a burial. There arc, no doubt, instances ia which it may be very usfjful. But there arc many, in which no notice could be taken o2 the departed, con- sistently with truth, without great pain to the surviving relatives, and iu large parishes it becomes an unreasonable tux on your lime ami labour. At all funerals, every elernryman should appear in the u yss of an oUiciating clergyman^ that is, as the Churcli appoints, in a hurplice. ■ It would be, I think, highly desirablo that tlio meetings of Rural Dcaner/is should be held with more roj^ularity. In some Deaneries much profitable intercourse, which might bo had among the several members, has been suspended. An opportunity occurs at such times for Missionary Meetings, which might bo most useful in pro- moting tho objects of our Church Society, and in strengthening a spirit of godly zeal, and brotherly love, among all classes of your j)arishioners. - > »■ i " ',: > v» . .; ,i.v; . ; I am thankful to bo able to report to you, that the Cathedral services have been kept up with, unremitting attention, both during my residence and temporary absence in England, for the last three years. The attendance has been steady and good, and though since the death of the late venerable Ai'chdcacon, I have been com- pelled to discontinue the afternoon service, I find no reason to bo discouraged on the whole. The communicants, during tl\c year now ending, have , amounted to 2,231. Oftcrtory collections arc made at every Sunday service, and on all festivals, and though we have felt the pressure of the commercial crisis, they reached tho sum of .£331 19s. 9^d., in the year 1858. More than i;i06 of this amount, however, was given to the Church Society, the Indian suftcrei's, the Clergy Mutual Insurance Society, the poor of tho parish, and another special object. Of the remainder, the larger part was spent in providing light, fuel, attendance, repairs, sacra- mental wine, and other contingencies, leaving a small si"b, £25, applied to tho use of the officiating clergyman, and a small sum given to the Cathedral Endowment Fund. I am happy to add, that the largest collections made in any one Church in the Pro- vince for the Church Society, were made in the Cathedral. Thus far, then, God has helped us. And I may fairly ask the clergy to endeavour to urge their parishioners to increase their contributions in Church, at the half yearly collections throughout the Diocese. When I see, in the Annual lieport, that our small population in Fredori'-ton contributed upwards of £50, which is more than one- fourth uf all the rest of tho Diocese, you will agree with me, that there is reason for increase. In several Churches, no collection whatever is reported to have been made ; in many, only one in the year. And out of fifty clergy, of whom only six or seven were curatcfi, f'c names of only twcnty-onc appear in page 44 of thi 10 Report, as liaving ma(.lo collections in Chnrchos for the Society. Making allowance for some possible error in the Report, I would earnestly press upon you, that this duty sliould be punctually dis- charged twice a year, cither in June and October, as heretofore, or in any month which you deem more suitable than June, now that the time for the Annual Meetings has been altered to July; and that the collections, wlien made, should be transmitted, as soon as practicable, to the Treasurer. The steady advance of our annual subscriptions proves that the Society commends itself to the judg- ment and affections of all Churchmen; and to the unanimous support which it meets with from the clergy, much of its present prosperity is, no doubt, imder God, to be ascribed. And it is pecu- liarly gratifying to find that, when so short a time has elapsed since our last Annual Meeting in January, no less than <£l,000 should have been contributed in July ; and the more so, as the change itself, the desirableness of which time only can show, was not likely at first to be productive of advantage to the interests of the Society. Whilst, however, I call on you to thank God for his blessing thus vouchsafed, and congratulate you on the success of our joint exer- tions, it is only right that I should call your special attention, and the attention of the laity, to the position of our Church at this time, that we may see what our duty is, and may know how best to discharge it. It has been very truly said, that our Church is a Missionary Church. No doubt it is exposed to many of the trials, and must encounter many of the roughnesses, inequalities, and hindrances of a missionary life. But this is not the whole aspect of it. Looking at the Statute-book, we see it called an Established Church. And while this expression has conferred on it very little, if any, advantage, it has exposed it to no small i-hare of envy and obloquy. The Sta- tutes of the time of king George the third, represent a state of government, and of general feeling in the community, which no longer exist. It is now no passport to office, no recommendation to politicians, that a man is a Churchman ; no casual revenue is applied to the building of Churches. Yet the feeling, generated by the original system, that, somehow or other, Government takes care of the Church and the Clergy, still exists, and prevents many from seeing their duty to the Church, as it really is. This notion is also strengthened by our connection with our father-land, where an Established Church exists in reality ; where tithes are paid for the support of the clergy, and rates levied for the repairs of the u faljiic, rirI wlicro, in ft largo majority of parishes, the original or subsequent proprietors liavo given estates for the support of the Church. The parochial system there is a great blessing. Around the Church is a cluster of charities; alms left in perpetuity for poor and needy nicnibors; a school, it may be, wholly or partially, endowed, of which churchmen are trustees ; a church population, more or less devoted to the ancient system, and blessed by traditionary recollec- tions of their parents, grand-parents, perhaps their ancestors having been connected with the parish, and buried in the churchyard. Each successive parson, as the persona ecdesice, succeeds to this natural, orderly, and godly inherit^mce. The making or marring of the parish rests not with any single man. The poor look up to him as their guardian and protector, and with ordinary diligence and zeal, he is respected and beloved. The country clergy of this Diocese know how little there is, in this description, answering to their position. And yet emigrants, accustomed to these blessings from their infancy, find it hard to look their position steadily in the face, and act up to their duty. And as the natives of the Province have never seen the benefits of the old system, it is difficult to per- suade them to provide what it is quite within their power to supply, so as to bring our parochial system somewhat nearer that of Eng- land. We have glebes, which yield little ; Churches without rates to maintain them ; clergy without regular and systematic provision for their support ; large territorial parishes more full of Dissenters than Churchmen ; services required in more places than it is pos- sible to visit ; parishioners living at vast distances from each other, who ask for the same care, as if they were all gathered together comfortably and conveniently in one village ; and by intermar- riages, and want of instruction, the notions of a largo number of our own people are altogether loose and indefinite. Hearing a good minister seems to be their sumnum bonum ; " continuing in the Apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers," is, I fear, made a secondary consideration. We have also a rigorous climate, and a long trying winter to contend with. The education, which we havo hitherto been able to give to oui- children, has been, for the most part, of a most defective kind. The common schools, of necessity, furnish no guarantee for a religious education ; and the clergy depend for the instruction they caa give to the young on the Sunday School. Yet, too often, they have no time to attend to it themselves ; and no Sunday School can flourish without their superintendancc ; for in every such institution there Il ' 13 i> . » should 1)0 a thornngh and systematic training, if possible, both ol" the tcaclicrs and the children. And the books used should be accommodfvted to the capacities of the scholars, and should bo selected and approved by the clergyman. As, in short, this is, in many instances, your only opportunity of teaching them their reli- gious duties and privileges, it behoves you to make the most of it, and if well done, it would lead to the practice, too fatally neglected, of public catechising. Further : wc arc likewise surrounded by religious bodies, of whom I wish to speak with all possible respect, but of whom it cannot be said, with any show of justice, that they are friendly to our Prayer Book. " Master, so saying, thou rcproachest us also," must apply to each one of thorn in turn, and we cannot avoid it. With all charity to them, we cannot make a new system, or unsay wliat we nave all solemnly put our hands unto. Yet if the Refor- mation be a blessing, as we all believe it to be, some of our brethren must see themselves at fruit ; if our Prayer Book bo one of the best fruits of that Ptcformation, those who have no Episcopacy must wish to vindicate their own position ; and they whose founder with his dying breath, earnestly entreated them not to leave the Church of England, and threatened that " if they held meetings in Church hours, they should see his face no more," must desire to sliow that they do not consider Church privileges worth the sacri- fice. On the other hand, our solemn oath at ordination, our sub- scription before ordination, our constant preparation of candidates for confirmation, our refusal to open our Churches to ministers of other communions, and our re-ordination of those ministers when they conform ; customs which are no sign of particular parties in the Church of England, but are practised by all our Bishops, and by all our clergy in all parts of the world, show that wo regard our position as not only tolerable, but as a part of God's truths founded on His holy word; which it is our duty, however painful, steadfastly to maintain, until our protest is no longer required, and the breaches of the Church Catholic shall be (and God grant they may be) entirely healed. Now, I say, that though our position may be a sound one, it is a position of no ordinary difficulty, and I am not surprised that we do not increase very largely : the wonder is, amidst so many dis- couraging and adverse circumstances, that we are able to hold our own, which unquestionably we do. . It ought to be remembered, also, that every expense connected 13 \\\\]i llio ffilnic, or tlic services of the Clmroh, fiills npon tho s.inio porsoiiR, who aro row railed npon to snpport tlicir own ut it may bo said, what is the remedy ? Can it be expected that a poor country should supply incomes for fifty clergy, and should make up a deficiency, which must amount to many thousand pounds ? It cannot bo expected, certainly, that poor men should do this. But it is expected, nay, it is the positive duty of the wealthy Churchmen in New Brunswick, whether their money have descended to them by g>:ants of land from the Crown, or has been made by God's blessing on their abilities and industry in the legal profession, in mercantile pursuits, in agriculture, or in any other honourable way of life, to provide liberally for the spiritual wants of their less wealthy brethren in this Province. This is a duty which all ages have acknowledged, which the founders of our common Christianity recommended; which cannot bo neglected without subverting the foundation of religion itself. One noble example of such liberality, arising, I firmly believe, from a profound conviction of duty, and from no meaner motive whatever, was set by the late Chief Justice, but has been followed only in three or four instances, as far as my knowledge extends. But what we now require is not a few isolated instances of generosity, but a general contribution, arising from a general sense of duty. We do not appeal merely to wealthy merchants and landowners in St. John, but to every Churchman who has a stake in the country, to all who sincerely love their Church and their religion, and fear their God, and we say, on you rests the fearful responsibility of conti- nuing or of destroying the services of the Church of England in this Province. The crisis, long expected, is now come. The funds raised by the Church Society, though large and increasing, are not capable of bearing this great burden. You must now do as your ancestors in England did, endow the Church in perpetuity for the public good, nay for your own good, and the good of your children after you. We do not dictate to you the amount which you should give, nor the manner in which your oft'ering should be applied. But it will be a disgrace to the Church of which you are members, 16 I ,(1. n to the oountry which siiHtaiiis you, it will be uiifoitimatc for your reputation, if you allow the Church to perish, or to bo materially weakened, by refusing to extend a liberal hand in this emer godly custom of sepa- 18 I! t 11^ rating; n part of oiii iiicomini^s for rclifjclous ukps, hIioiiM bo o}iscrvout how mucli more acccptablo in God'a sight may we suppose tliat such an ottering would be, if the work were begun, continued, and ended in llim, and humbly presented as the fruit of our deep conviction of his imnieasurablo love, and of our deep unworthincsB ? The trade carried on at a bazaar, the amusement, the refreshments for the l>ody, the njirth and raillery, aro perfectly innocent in ordinary life, but they arc not part of our cliarity, nor of our worship. Nor arc they meet to take the place of charity in any place wliich is to bo imme- diately dedicated to (Jiod's honour and worship. And as they take their standard from the world, they partake of the lowncss of the associations of the world. The objects to which all eyes are directed aro money and amusement, llow perfectly out of place, at such a time, would it appear, if the assembled crowd were summoned to partake of the Lord's Supper, or to listen to tlio Bevcnteenth chapter of St. John's Gospel I Yet if wo meet to oiler ourselves and our snbstanco to the Lord, these sweet memorials of his dying love, would be entirely in season, and like Manoah's sa- crifice, our alms would ascend in the flame of the altar. Imagine, in such a promiscuous crowd, bartering their wares, the venerable Apostles coming in, to receive and present to tlieir Divine Master, the holy and united offering of these Christians' love. The men and the words seem misplaced. And when we see, instead of thcBO high and heavenly motives, the lowest animal instincts of our nature occasionally appealed to, I wonder how people can imagine that * " As to season — ' upon tho first day of the week.' The Christian Sabbath Day, tho day of the Lord's resurrection, and of spiritual invigoration and pro- gress. As to persons — ' Let every ono of you,' old and young, rich and poor, all possessing any personal means. As to method — 'Lay by him in store.' Place it in a siicred treasury, ready for occasous of use. As to measure — 'As God hath prospered him,' according to tho gains and mercies of the week. As to the principle of this methyl — 'That there bo no gatherings wiien I come.' No need for appeal to inferior motives ; but that all may be provided beforehand, as of conscientious purpose and bountiful devotion ; and may, consequently, exceed in mearuro and moral worth tho combined restUts of all other methods, being the result of the loftiest jirinciplc, and the full aggregate of all that ought injustice to be so employed." E.«Kay, by the Rev. J. lioad, a Noncouformist MinLstci;, in "Gold and the Goaocl," u. ilH, 19 limy can proncrvo in tlidir m'wuh n scnBO of wlmt is duo to Ooil, wIk'U tlicy iiKiko an ollurinf; to liitn. To n (Jliristinn every act of IiiH lil'o (»ii}»lit to 1)0 an fifit of worship. His rihinpf from rest, liia private prayers, his daily meals, his family devotions, liiH attentio?) to business, his very rei^reations, his alms, and all the actions of l»is life, aro consecrated by prayer and thardcsgivinji; ; and no part of liis duty is more solemn than his renderirifr back to Cod a portion of those gifts, which Christ purchased with his precious blood, and (►f which, " when the Son of Man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him," ho will say, if offered in fuith and lovo and lioliness, " Inasmnch as vo have done it unto the least of these my brethren, yo have done it unto me." I beg you to understand, that these words aro not meant as censure of what any of you may liavo been led to do in your extremity, by tho advice and oft'ers of othoi"s. I take it for granted, that no clergyman would prefer to collect his money by a bazaar in preference to a more Scriptural method. It is resorted to when charity languishes, and other methods fail. I am fully aware of the difficulties under which you labour, the low tone of society in general, the tempting olTers made to jon by tho laity, the certainty of finishing great and good works, in which you are deeply interested. But pardon mo if I observe, that building of Churches is only one of the means to a great end ; and the end is the building up of living temples of tho lb)ly (jihost. The end is the inculcation of the highest motives by the means which the Word of God proposes, and by no others ; lower motives may build Churches, but will not save souls.* And if you encourage men to give on tho lower principle, it will be much more difficult to raise thcni to the higher. For tho world is an apt scholar in lowering of motives. There arc people enough already who come to Church for amusement, and regard us, and all our proceedings, as little better than the acts and actors in a play. What I liave now said, however, I have said only from the desire of conforming strictly to the Scripture, and of recommending to you what I shall have no need to blush for when I hear it again as part of my own work, at the great day of account, f I pass to other topics, which I cannot leave untouched. i * It waH by llio sale of indulgences for the purpose of building St. Peter's Church in Rome, that bo much evil was done before the Reformation. f After having written my Charge, I lighted upon some renuirks in a small work by Mr. H. Taylor, a very elegant and philosophical writer, which are so apj)0Rile, 'Iiat 1 make no apology for cxtructiitg them. " There are some 20 ir I Jo not nny mucli now on Hit? sulijcft of tlio innnncr of prr- foiiiiiiig llin litor. <»f tlio (lliur(!li, rcfXiliivT Holy Si'.ripfnro {MiltMcly, fiiul jHTiichiiiu;, it is not tluit I rini loss HciiHibld of tlioir j^rcHt impor- tance (I hope I iun fill" njoi'o soiisiblc, of it), Imt that luivin<;;it nxu.HC of complaint tli(;y t^ivo to others, if tlu>y pciforni any part of tho Borviop in mi irrovorent mnnnor, anJ tliat inatten- tion to small thinfjs, as woll aa to tjrnnt, mutilation of tho Rorvicos, hnrryincr tliereof, shall take any hurt or hindrance by reason of your nocjli- ocnoo, ye know tho j^roatncss of the fault, and also tho liorriblo puiiiHlimciit that will ensue." These are words wliieh may make tho holiest tremble, and should wrin^ witli anfjuish the lieart of a careless or negligent clergyman. For if he do not trcmblo and " repent, and do tho first works" — then God help him, he is wholly lost. other ways of tho world, in this matter of charity, which proceed, I think, njjon IHIho prlncipU'a ami iVcUnp^n, — chiivity dinners, charity ballM, cliarity biizaivra, ami ho forth ; devioO'! (not even ojicr hlossod) for {rcttin;; rid of dis- troas without callinp; out any coinpaaalouiite fcelinp in those who fjive, op any ^ Kratuful feeling in tho.se who receive, (iod Mentis niisory and misfortune into tlie world for a purpose; they are to lie a (lif)eipli;ie for Jlin creatnres who endure, and also for His creatures who behold tlicni. In thmn they are to give oceanion for patience, resignalion, Iha spiritual hopes and aspirations which sprini:^ from p.iin when there comcH no earthly relief, or the love and pratitude wliich earthly miiUKtrations of ndief are powerful to promote. In tlw>!o and s wholly d, I tliiiik, 1h, cliiiril.y rid of diH« ve, or any • )rtmie into iliiros who licy arc to ispiratioTia love and inotp. In ml diitilul pleaHiue- for tlicso )Ut any of madi! the t it Hliould ated at a )ursc witli orrupt our , in them- ime and a !a«ion, arc our duties mix them , 1S54, Witli regard to pcrnmn^, I Imvo in fonncr nddronHOs ofrorcf coiuiMmitiou, on tlicir Icnj^tli, on tlio vurioty of topics \vliic;h tlicy ulnnilil eniltriioo. On mcU nmttcirt I li<)|M\ to 1)0 ftlwuyH k-arnirij^ Hoinftliinf^ UHcfiil to tlm oiul of my lif*;. And tlio Hultjuct is ho important, that 1 may uo oxcUHuil fur lidUing some luiof remarks on tlio present occasion. 1. Wo nuist recollect, that u higher stamlard of preaching in required of uh than of our prcdcceKsorH, in conHoqnenco of a moro f^'iif rally dilFiiscd education. Our lioarerH are always more diHposed, and are in some eastjs moro competent to criticiHu, than thoy wero in former days. And many of them liavc volumes of good,orijjfiiuil scrnnttis in their posHcssion, by which our efforts in the aarac direc- tion may bo tested. Sermons on moro f^omn-al subjects — such as tlic happiness of tlie righteous, and tho misery of tho impenitent — will not now bo interesting or useful. Tlioro must bo n fidncss in tho treatment of doctrino, an aptness at explanation of places of Uuly Scripture, an unction in speaking of holy things, and an earnestncHij and reality of speech, or our efforts will bo littlo valued. 2. The time given by our liearers to serious thought is after all very short. If you considcjr the necessary business of your people, their temptations, and their liindrances to devotion, tlio many Sun- «lays when they stay at liome, or are sick, and that one half hour is all they allow us to give to an oarnost address on tho subject of religion, how unspeakably important it is that wc sJiouid make tho best of that short time, and send them away with something to rotlect upon ! some warning driven homo, somo " nail fixed in a sure place," sonic promisa cheoringly matlo clear, somo doctrino power- fully and practically cnfoi'cod on thoir attention. In every aormon tho preacher should aim at a dcfinito object. Tho whole Gospel is HO vast and complicated a scheme, that tho attempt to bring in every part of it at once must bo a failure, and must end in meaning- less phrases, wliich aro not practically useful. And whatever be our subject, if it be Scriptural, and tho foundation on which wo build bo sound, tho Gospel is preached, as indeed it was preached by our Lord in tho sermon on tho Mount, though neither the atone- ment, nor justification by faith wero directly named therein. Yet it would bo impossible to niontion a grace there recommended, in whicli both tlicrtc doctrines aro not implied. 3. In the preparation of your sermons, as well as in reading tho second lessons, 1 particularly advise you always to make use of tho 14* if % 90 original Greek. Ilowovcr fmthful bo our translation, (nntl of rts general acenracy there can bo no rcafeonable a views. '2. A great insight into the spu'itiuil meaning of IcJcnpturc, with a careful adhoronco to its literal facts. 8. An ain]>lo store of patristic learning, and of the admirable comments of our lleformcrs and ot'icr chief Anglican Divines, as well as copious references to larger works. 4. A full discussion on critical points, CRpecially on < , ucstions of chronology, and the authorship and object of the several portions of the inspirsid writings. 6. A fuller illustration of the ijieaning of many difficult texts than is to bo found in most other commentators, as far as my knowledge extends ; and 6, which I deem especially desirable, tho reader is not perplexed often (as is the case in other Commentaries) with a vast multitude of interpreta- tions. 7. The whole is conceived in a charitable, moderate spirit, with a decided loyalty towards the Church of England. The addi- tion of maps would make this invaluable to every clergyman, and it IS greatly to be desired that it may bo found practicable to reduce its price. 4. One word more, and I detain you no longer on this subject. It is of the highest importance to tho whole community, that you should keep watch over the style in which your sentences are com- ;>osed. Living as wo do bo near the border land, where corruptions of every kind are found, and are imported among us, we must be- ware lest we fall unawares into qQmmon place vulgarity, i^dready, tho occasional language even of public speakers defies all grammar, and belongs to no known tongue ; and it will require all our care and diligence to preserve that wholesome Saxon, of which our Biblo translation supplies so rare and noble an er ample. For this purpose, I recommend to you all the philological works of the Dean of Westminster, most of which are published in a cheap form in tho United States, such as Trench on tho " Study of Words," " English past and present," " tho Synonymes of the New Testament," his work on "Proverbs," and his "Glossary of English Words." The study of these little works will give you information which cannot readily be obtained from any other source, and will help to purify and invigorate your ^yle, and make it intelligible, manly, and chaste. I come now to a for lesa pleasing topic, which I would gladly have p-i-Acd by, h:id I deemed it consistent with my duty so to do. Since we last met, aeveral cases have occurred among the clergy, which have^iven me unusual anxiety and pain. But I must do tho great body of those whom I address the justice to say of them, that not only in their own lives are they exempt from reproach, but that pi m iil'l ;i 1 '4 tlicy cnrncfltly dcBirc that the discipHno of tlic Church fehoulJ k* firmly and temperately maintained. My own courso in rclerencc to such matters has been founded on the following principles, which I submit to you are reasonable and sound, though I will not under- take to say that I have been faultless in the application. 1. It is clearly not my duty to seek for matter of accusation against any of the clergy, nor to procure evidence against them. Complaints, if made, should proceed from one of their own body, or of the laity of their parishes, as are oflScially charged with the duty of watching over the interests of the Church, 2. I am bound not to receive any accusation except in writing, signed by responsible parties, and capable of being supported by sufficient evidence, of which the accused should have full notice. 3. If no charge be brought before me officially, but the facts arc admitted by the offender, I must be allowed to deal with the matter as I deem best for the interests of the Church, after taking the best advice I can obtain. 4. I hold that no clergyman should be deprived of his office for any single offence, which does not amount to a high degree of cri- minality. Every one is entitled to the benefit of repentance and amendment of life, and I differ wholly from such as have censured me for not proceeding ».t once to harsh and rigorous measures against some vrho have offended. And I am prepared, privately or publicly; before God and man, to justify my own course of proceeding herein, liut one thing is undeniable, that no offence or scandal has ever remained long unredressed by me since I came to the Diocese, and that in almost every instance in which I have been charged by some with negligence or too great indulgence, in the selfsame cases others have considered my conduce harsh and hasty. Both charges cannot at the same time be true : and my conscience bears mo witnesp, that I have endeavored to avoid both errors ; but I dare not affirm that I have done so with uniform success. But let my accusers remember that they themselves are men ; and above all, let them not visit my suppced offence on the Church to which we all belong, and by these means, e/cn if I be wrong, publicly condemn themselves. For how can it be the duty of any to mark their sense of a Bishop's error, by committing another fault in their own per- sons ? Two faults surely do not make one virtue. The faults of others ought to be regarded by us all as so far our own, as we are members of one body ; and " if one member suffer nil the members must suffer with it." Let us all learn from such misfortunes humility, watchfulness, and tcmlorness of soul; let our prayers bo daily offered up, not only for ourselves, but for each other, that we may all walk worthy of our high vocation, serving the I i>rd " with all humility and singleness of heart," that wo " may stand perfect and complete in all the work of God." lu common with yourselves, I lament that two clergymen, lately beneficed in this Diocese, have been so ill advised, as, after leaving it, openly to connect themselves with the Irvingite sect. Neither of thom had publicly avowed his opinions before he left us, and though I. was aware of the tendency in one of tlie cases alluded to, I hoped that ray leniency and forbearance Avould have led to a dif- ferent '•esult. Nothing however occurred before their departure which would have warranted me in proceeding publicly against oitbjr of them. Their position is now totally altered. Residing iu the Diocese of Toronto, they have no license from the Bishop, and are both schismatically ministering to certain folloAvers of their party, in direct violation of their ordination vows. Having lately paid a visit to this Province, they proceeded to circulate a pamplilet among the clergy, the statements of which are quite sufficient to condemn them ; and they endeavoured to unsettle the minds of some of the laity by introducing the subject of their peculiar doc- trines. I was compelled therefore to refuse to admit them to the Holy Communion, and I now enjoin the same course upon your- selves ; and I trust that after this public declaration, no laymen will allow them to make use of their hospitality as a moans of dis- seminating their dangerous en'ors. The sect to which they belong was first formed under the ministry of the Rev. Edward Irving, a Presbyterian, who imagined that it had pleased God to revive the miracle of Pentecost, by inspiring some of his followers to speak with new tongues. On examination by the learned, it was dis- covered that the new language resembled no other in existence, and consequently could be of no possible use in the conversion of the heathen ; and that, on this account, instead of being " a sign to unbelievers," which was the object of the Pentecostal gift, it was a sign, if real, only to thoso who possessed it. It was at length con- fessed by a convert* to be nothing more than a putting together of a jumble of English letters, so as to wear the appearance of an unknown tongue ", a most certain indication of delusion, cither purely mental, or Satanic, and it seems now to have worn itself out, as wc * Mr. Baxter. 36 !L- liear little said about it. These entliusiasts were not however satif?- ficd with a chiira so easily dctcctecl by the learned. They further gave out, that they were called by God to revive the Apostolatc. Such of them as pretended to be prophets, called on others to take on themselves the office of Apostles, and at length twelve men were set apart for this office, who reside, I believe, most of them in England, and are some of thera, undoubtedly, engaged in secular callings. No one can fail to see how entirely opposed this is to the calling of the Apostles in the New Testament. All the first twelve were called immediately by our Lord, when he was on earth. After the death of Judas, St. Matthias was chosen by Divine interposition, (" shew whetlier of these two thou hast chosen,") and St. Paul was called by a Divine manifestation from heaven. No other persons pretended to the same peculiar call. The Apostles con- fined themselves strictly to the work of the ministry and appointed deacons, that they might not " serve tables." But in what passage of the New Testament is there any indication that another body of twelve would again be Divinely chosen ? The Apostles were called by Christ. These persons were nominated by their friends, and ascribed it to the Holy Ghost. The Apostles all spake with tongues, foreign, indeed, to the Jews of Jerusalem, but perfectly intelligible to those whom they addressed. These pretenders to the Apostolate do not all speak even in the one unintelligible tongue, which proves to be a jumble of broken English. The Apostles went everywhere, " the Lord working with them, and confirming the word by signs following," in presence of multitudes of the heathen. One of the leading pretended Apostles, confines his labors chiefly to the British Senate, where we hear of hira fill- ing men's mouths with laughter at his witty speeches. Such is their Apostolate ; founded on a gross delusion in its origin, and tending to the subversion of all order and authority in the Church of God, under the guise of reverence for the Church.* Mixed with this, we find prophecies of the speedy coming of Christ at a definite time, contrary to the express declaration of our Saviour, that " of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels in heaven, but my Father only." I need say no more to induce you * Though great respect is paid outwardly to the Episcopal office by such persons, yet it soon ceases, when any difference arises between us and them- selves ; and it is then manifest that the " Apostles" claim to inherit all the prerogatives of Vicars of Christ as truly as the Pope of Rome, 27 |r satis- k'urther kolatc. |to take 3n were icm in secular calling Ive were .fter the ■position, St. Paul lo otlier sties con- ippoinicd it passage sr body of ere called ends, and )ake with t perfectly (tenders to [intelligible jlish. The them, and ' multitudes es, confines of him fiU- j. Such is origin, and the Church h.* Mixed Christ at a our Saviour, he angels in induce you office by such L u8 and thoni- inherit all the to beware of tlie attempts of sucli men. And I believe we arc not passing the limits of charity if vvc say, that wc fear they arc like those whom St. l*aul describes as " false Apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the Apostles of Christ." Hut I trust that "their folly shall be manifest unto all men," as that of other deceivers wjis. And it is remarkable, tlmt this modern delusion, like all others, has its counterpart in ancient days. Tertullian's account of Priscilla and Moiitanus, and their followers, closely resoiibles the pretensions of the deluded followers of Edward Irving, who, indeed, died repenting of his illusions and mistakes. 1 cannot wholly pass by another instance of error, which un- happily excites more attention. And though this Diocese is happily free, and I earnestly trust will continue to be free from similar instances of perversion, yet as our late friend and associate seems disposed to " busy himself in other men's matters," and intrude into places where he lias no call, I may bo excused from adding a few words on his case. To my mind, who have always been nursed in the bosom of our beloved and honored Church, and distinctly cherish the remembrance of an earnest wish, at the ago of five years from my birth, never afterwards intermitted, to enter her holy ministry, his account of his ordination, life, and conver- sion to Rome, appears perfectly suicidal. I do not pretend to understand the feelings of any man, who could allow himself to be ordained, standing in doubt, where the Church required him to promise, and where he did promise, that lie stood in no doubt what- ever. I do not comprehend how any man, still doubting, could allow himself to be summoned by the laity of the Church in Halifax, to be their special champion against the Church of Rome, and also could deliberately print his convictions of the errors of that Church. Nor do I see how any man, sincerely attached to the Communion which he still professed to love, could resort for secret help to its professed enemies, and never to its many learned defen- ders, any of whom would have been ready to help him. But I still less understand how any man of judgment and sense, can expect men of sense to listen to him, when ho informs us in his second pamphlet, p. 13, tliat his conversion was owing to his witnessing the funeral of the late Archbishop of Halifax, and describes the " slow and solemn procession, the long train of ecclesiastics, the chanting of the psalms, the fragrance of the incense, the lighted tapers, and elevated cross," as incidents tending to the sudden cbaiige in his mind. When a man is so weak as to allow even his 28 . X *i « »PTvice as ft motive for liis ^",„g us to toject hi» proro^aU. t„tt„, ;„ thorn 1 Hi, argnme"^ in g«'"f ""f ,. J" • but I observe of them .11, **; Bsho; GiUon', most v^;-^^;;*„/4\,. most will find every one ot i>i« ^ ^^ nothing ;1 a™«ro'l by ""f^fT '^i^t 'u the elegauee of graceft. 1, 1 conceive, in out favour pa^Y ^^^ ^^ internal bfe and faitli Aviicii contain, wnax i-u'^ p -^ writci-s reason, and testimony, ■ 5SL sbortly expected to^bejp^^ Colonial Bishops had been ^' In the year 1818, oTuy j ^^^ ^^^^^':' Z,o for England and boot con9ecrated-<>ne for Nova^bco^ a, and thirty-t^o ^J^ ^".i^ing ^ the M It ia not i«y intention to enter fully into tho controversy, for several reasons. 1. This ottending clergyman was not in ray juris- diction, but in that of my revered brother, who has already dealt with the case as he saw fit : and 2. Mr. Maturin's first pamphlet has already met with a full and convincing answer, written by one of our own body, to whom I desire to return my own thanks, publicly, for his well-timed and very able defence of our Church against an ingenious, and in spite of all his apparent charity, a very unsparing adversary. Mr. Maturin's pamphlet will do good service in one respect, whatever evil it may do in others. It must bo evident to all thinking men among us, that we can have no place with Rome, because her motto is " Delenda est Caithago." Her openly avowed policy is to rise on the ruins of us all. She allows neither the validity of our baptism, nor of our orders, nor even of our faith; wo are treated simply as heathens. "There is no real alternative," says Mr. Maturin, p. 85, "between the principle of infaUibilUy, and the principle of injidelit]/" Either then we must believe all that the Roman Church now teaches as matter of faith, (and wo can prove by incontestible evidence, that our adversaries themselves did not believe it all six years ago, for the immaculate conception of tho Virgin Mary was not then defined to be an article of faith,) or (as we are told) we believe nothing. Such is the fiightful alternative aftorded to our acceptance, by one who, for eighteen years, ministered at our altars, and repeated, in common with ourselves, that ancient creed to which an (Ecumenical Council forbid any thing to be added. Such is the language held out to those who firmly believe all that is contained in Holy Scripture, or can be concluded and proved by the Scripture, and who have not forsaken, or denied, directly or by implication, an article of the faith which was taught by the Apostles of our Lord ! I shall ven- ture a few further general remarks on some part of the controversy, and so take leave of the subject. ' 1. I think we may observe, as an evil arising from forsaking the reasonable and godly ways of our Church, that converts to Rome commonly indulge in an amazing recklessness of statement. For example, in p. 61 of his first pamphlet, Mr. M. dilates on his favorite topic of the uncertainty in which Protestants must be left without an infallible guide, and permits himself to ask, "Why do Protestants reject the practice of extreme unction, as enjoined by St. James ?" when it is notorious, that the unction to which St. James refers was connected with the miraculous healing of the nick, and that he does 30 ....... M....--f°:r*:tr-« r„„l r A child couUl - »■'" ' "'^;„, jij „„t foibid the gcuoral IfallMo head to teach u» *»» ^'-^iblo direction. «u the »»me t „( ,vater. But ;'^-=7,:';' ' j!! told him, vhethev he » U, »„hiect, ne Clu->-°'i;^"; 'Tittle Vn,e," or to ,»hsta„. from rtriuk water only, or to '»'"='' _,.„-, turn. But m his lecture tth. Suchpuerilitie. cau servc^^ m.n» ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ,^ „„ the origin of Chr,sUa„.ty " l^^S'^^^^ „( „, ,„„a„r,, he ,r more powerful P"^^ *''„,„" in which the Aposto- thatisthe faithful on all »'f^^ *j" '.^ ,ho »- ou all s,des." Heal 'l^aditio. has been P'« »; \,j t.ii„g H as it stands, n The translation is not verj ,<= "=« ' J" i,„J„s should have saul, t to to establish Mr. Matur-n's c^e Saro. ^^^^^^^,_ ^^ that it was necessary to V'^llo^ " ker »ere pow^M ?"— ,i,j,... But let '«.7™2 t^nslation of it, the Greek of b. ly quoting the anerent I*'" "''"™. „ ^.d banc enim eeeles.am, iLlus, in this place, '-"K'T^^^'^eeesse est omaem co.vemre propter potentiorem P™-I-^^7,\ fideles, in q»a semper * kdesiam- boe est, cos qu, ^™t ""^'-l ,,t ab Apostobs t«.- Ws qui sunt undique, ^""^"X^l^^^,,^. has fallen into the ditio." You will see at °"«. «^»'J^ „ ^ ,„elesiam," as if it bad grievous error of t-«slat.ng com e^- ,„„^, ^pardonable, Ln "consentiro «°™ 'f^^' Jo fte t«xt of S. Irei.»>ns the vam because it is simply transfer ug,nto* ^ ^^ „ efforts of bis commentator, teua., ;„,„„,, to an alte- rignify the same with " co««««. « "^ '„ ^,,^5 fideles," ^tion of the text to prove b.s po.nt Ag». , ^^^^ ^^^ ^ „„tthe faithfulou aU;*^;,tre uin Borne itself. S Ire- Rome from every q'""'"'.*'^ ^r,,, „.„, preserx-od," wb.eb .» ..us says, "the Apostohc -^^^^ J^ ^^ „, n^istress. and , very different thing from '<^P"f™%„. ^i,„t i, the substance tnSeteacbcrofaUotherChureos Butwl.^^^^ „t 8. Iremeus' argument! He is s s, ^^^^^.^ ^, ^j, dealing with the J*—, re U^^TO-PP-^o Scripture, (lay. So slippery are thej, says "^, 31 they meet yow by oxhibiting spurious Gospeln, and cjuote ihcni, Tf yon ftpponl to tmdition, they quote the genuine Scri]»turc8, to prove that (»o(l Juvs specially ilhiniinated them, and that they are above tradition. Still A>'e must use both incthodK, and after an abundant use of the Scriptural argument, which S. Ireufous is far from dis- claiming, (as Mr. Maturin would have us believe,) S. Irentcus explains what he means by Tradition — not the oral testimony of individuals in opposition to their writings, "but a succession of iJishops from the times of the Apostles, who taught no such tloctrine as the heretics pretend." Considering that B. Irenajus was the disciple of Polycarp, and Polycarp of St. John, and that he probably wrote this treatise about 60 or 70 years after St. John's death, his appeal to tradition is much as if we should appeal to what the Bishops of our Church generally said or taught in the middle, or towards the close of the reign oi George the third, whicli would be no very difficult matter to ascertain. Now, says this holy father, " as it would be a tedious task to enumerate all the successive Bishops of every See in the world, we may apply ourselves to that famous Church founded by the blessed Apostles St. Peter and St. I'aul, which holds the tradition from the Apostles, and the faith announced to mankind, by the succession of Bishops," in order to confound the Valentiniau heresy. " For to this Church, by reason of its preeminence and power, the faithful must flock from every quarter," as the mother Church of all who reside in that part of the world, where the principal records are kept, by which the question may be decided. Hero is indeed a " splendid" testimony to the primacy of the Church of Rome, such as we find it was ! with which the argument of S. Irenajus had as much to do as Goodwin Sands with Tenterden steeple ; for the sole question which S. Irena3us had in view was by what records the Valentinian heretics, who denied the true nature of Jesus Christ, might be shown to contradict the generally received doctrine of the Church. This has no reference to Roman supremacy, still less to the su- premacy of the Roman Bisliop, who is not even mentioned. On such mangled and supposititious evidence does our convert rest the strength of his cause. It should also be specially noticed that the Roman Bishop, when S. Irenseus wrote, could not possibly have had any " potentior principalitas," anything that could be called a dominion, under the reigns of the Emperors M. A. Antoninus, Com- modus, and Severus. For the first three centuries, as is universally admitted, Christianity was scarcely tolerated in Rome. I ■ MM r: m ;!l i52 their «itmg» '=°''"' "tt tL tfambMity or inn-'""" «' *' " tend, directly to fl^^J^^,;, No«. Mr. Hunter n.ny vuy SoriDtnrc» of the New Testament j„f„iiible, «l.en ht. 1 «> 8cripinr>- ^j^ „„t always wUbntooa »teiy assert that S^I»t «ome to An .och. I -^l Utoelf says ^, Whe" „„, ,„ t, W„».rf. And wh "'" *" * thim atoW- '■'■»»'» '°"'T",t two very distinct Saviour says ^ h™. " j. i,„e ""f »';''' '"°'°Jd Chris- «Tand their teaching <=»™''t ^e Holy Ghost "spake m SS^but "perished -"-^^"^^^^X inspiration of the Holy L In certain occasions, by tho unern g r d„„,„,„g XoH ^»''>»S*"'«™''^t"\t:rdf oTtbe Hookwhich ttthor,'y of 8criP'7-Xt: '^;;r infaliibility except as Cftl^rral i-— ntir^tply'hlan, as«e to ^ . +1,^ human instrument becomes ,- j imwan r:;*«^>"' - ":!:' r «: nS: ^^e shou-a not ::zraS3::t^"r-»-jr^^^^^^ . 8 Mr. Maturin, following m the t™^k » „{ ,„i,„g „ Ac variations of F-tes^n,^ »^ on Ae »P ^ .^^^^^.^^^ ;^cert.n.of.,^»J^t^^ 1 1 ^t Matthew xvi. 28. \V6 L.'onght (as wo all know) with «qual ibrco ngniimt lloinaii Cutholic.n thuniHolvoH. It' ihcHO novcral infulliblo IicuiIh have notoriouHly flid'urod from each other, in everything in whidi one man can ditlcr from liirt follow man — if they have denied each other's right to the I'opedom — accused each other of the most frightful crimes — sepa- rated from each other at various timei^, carrying largo poitions of Christendom with them — if some of them have denounced as heresy what others of them have proclaimed an Christianity — if the wholo his' ry of the Jesuits be a history of the opposition to the I'opes, wlio alternately defended or accused, feared, or boasted of this powerful body, and one of whom, now denounced as a Simonist, suppressed it — with what confideiico can wo regard their decisions as infallible, or suppose that they can guarantee to us that certainty of faith, which, as a body, they evidently did not possess them- selves ? For liad they possessed it they could not have diilored so widely, and ho implacably. But wc take wider ground than this. Is it pjirt of tho provi- dential system of Divine Government, that a living, infallible, earthly liead should preside over the destinies of tho human race, and bo the perpetual interpreter of his will to mankind ? If the necessity for such an interpreter bo supposed to ariso from tho weakness and ignorance of mankind, or from tho obscurity ol' the Scriptures, is the Bible tho only book open to this difficulty? All histories of past times, all accounts of foreign nations, oppose the same obstacles to human ignorance. Nay, our own mother tongue, as spoken or written several centuries ago, would bo as unintel- ligible as a foreign language. But whither does this difficulty lead us ? Do we suppose that a plain man cannot master tho ordinary facts of English history, because every part of that history was originally writt'^n in Norman French, or Monkish Latin, or Anglo- Saxon ? If tliis argument be used to imply tho necessity of an infallible interpreter of Scripture, the same method of interpretation must be used for all history. For the Scripture presents no diffi- culties of interpretation, which do not apply (as far as the language is concerned) to every ancient document. But perhaps it may bo said, that the " oracles of God" require more than ordinary care, because our salvation is at stake, and a sound faith, as well as a holy practice, is required of us all. Here, then, we turn to the example of the Jewish Church. To it were " entrusted the oracles of God." But in what sense entrusted ? Only as a keeper and a witness, not as an infallible interpreter, AVo 1: 1:1 34 find from the book of Nelieniiah, th»t when tho Jews had in part forgotten Boino of their ancient langiiage, by reason of their long captivity in Babylon, that Ezra explained and interpreted it to them. *• Ho read in the book, and gave them the nenno, and cansed them to undcrBtand the reading."* But we fail in diHCOvcring any tokens in the Hebrew records that tho High Priests or Priestfl, as a snc- ceBsive body of men, were inspired by (Hod, infallibly to interpret bis law. God indeed raised up a succession of prophets to interpret his sacred oracles, and supply a new and enlarged revelation of hi» will. But these ap|>eared at vast intervals of time. After the days of Joshua, we read of no such instances for nearly four centuries. And after the days of Malachi, another pause occurs of four cen- turies. No trace appears of any one man or body of men being commissioned by God perpetually and infallibly to interpret his word, except the few persons who were inspired to write a revela- tion. And yet, if there were ever a time when we might have expected to find a body of such interpreters, it would be before the canon of Scripture was complete, in time* of general ignorance and corruption. But, if Ruch were the tenor of the New Testament covenant, should we not expect to find it referred to in the epistles in plain and unambiguous terms ! The Apostles often refer to their own inspiration. "Let him acknowledge," says St. Paul, "that the things which I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord.**! " That ye may be mindful," says St. Peter, " of the words spoken before by the Holy Prc^bcts, and the comrnandments of us the Apostles of the Lord and Saviour.''^ The only thing referred to it "th« teaching of the l*rophets, and the commandments of the Apostles." But although a who! jhaptor is devoted by St. Peter to the denunciation of false tenc!i ." <*, not a hint is given of any in- fallible earthly guide to be conti uied after his decease, nor of any one Church being the depository of this remarkable power. Is it possible to believe, that if this power bad been lodged with St. Peter, as the head of tho Roman Church, that he should have been ignorant of it, and that neither himself nwr any of his brother Apostles should ever have alluded to it ? For, however, the charge given by our Saviour to St. Peter, maiy be distorted into the claim of a prerogative, never claimed by the Apostle, our opponent adds to this a claim which the text does not ♦ Nehemitih viii. 8. f 1 Corinthiiins xiv. 8"?. | 2 Peter iU. 2, 35 Ignorance j give, tlio coiitinunnce of thnt power i)> the liaiida ol'tho Hiuhops of Homo. V'ot, nguiniit this wo tuny fuirly nut tlie fact, that as far at we can hoc, St. VcU'.r never advanced Hnoh u claim, never once ox- orcittcd it, was never cunsidercd separately ay. an infallible Itoad by the other Apostles, was publicly rebuked by one of them, was hilent under tho rebuke, and that in all the disputes which aroso iu the Apostolic a^^c, n<) reference is made to the infallible authority of 8t. Peter atone, as sufHcient to decimo pretend to posscsd it ? The wholo suppc^sition is grounded on two fallacies ; first, tho confounding in- spiration (which is a special and particular grace vouchsafed not to Apostles alone, but to certain persons chosen by God to communi- cato liis wiU to ntankind) with a general infallibility given to a certain Church, tih gseoondly, tho confounding St. Pet 's posses- sion of this gift, at certain jteriods of his life, when it pleased God to communicate to him a revelation of divine triUh, with the claim of tho Bishops of lionie, to bo tho successive infallible interpreters of tho original Kevelation made known by all the Apostles, of which there is not the faintest trace in Scripture. But wo may safely retort the argument of our opponent. You say that tho Scriptures arc ob- scure ; that they are conveyed to mankind in languages of which the mass are ignorant; that the variations of interpretation are many ; that tho holy Word can only bo guarded from corruption, and safely interpreted by the head of an infallible Church. How can you prove to us that we shall not misunderstand or misinterpret the decrees of the authority which you recommend i Where is it situated ? In Italy. The power itself must speak to us through the medium of a foreign language. We must depend on transla- tions. Even if tho power bo itself infallible, unless it can make us so loo, it cannot guard us from errors incident to all mankind. And if mistakes can be still made, what advantage do we gain ? The disadvantage is obvious, that we have two infallible authorities in- ftead of one, both capable of being misunderstood : one in the written volume, the other in tlie living Pope ; and they may not, and indeed do not always coincide. St. Paul assures his son Timothy, that " all (or every) Scripture is divinely inspired, and profitable," not only profitable, but " able to make us wise unto salvation througli faith which is in Christ 3C. ,««"• Adn,iUh,g ttat Yl' ryc?botl. 8i. MaUhcw 8t, Cn to tUeOW Tctam-t ^"'.l^^tjn'tl.e Go.pol," had «.tton their Gospels teforo S>. 1^^'- g^^y^.v, own Epirt^s from tbo second Epistle of St-l^^'- Scriptures, wh.eh, tCtecn in --I'-) ^^^S God, had been written for the I by the wisdom givon ™'»;'™ J Jt,y tho «press.ons of St. common benefit of n^ankmd. Cons^q J^ ^ „ Cl by St. Veto's test,mon y, «»» * ,^^ ^y par.ty of l«e OldTestament, and ,t t"^'' ^^ Tc'tamo^t, whieh are therefore "able to .n^ko ns w,«> ^^^^^.__^ ^"'"^Xf;^- • ;n fihrist Josns. So L^ai, " i ;„ nverv book of Holy »enp Iw n Revelation is to be ound m eve^ ^^, ::: Tu e"ident, from ^VtH^e S- ^ffl^-''^,"" Jftat was known as Holy *"=;P'^ ";, .„ referred to no other il neeessary to saWat.on and that we ^^^^, ^^ „„„th t^Te. We admit *anbo ^''If^:! nnto salvation ;" bnt^ ^„, also able to make Timothy ^^ ^^^^,„ ,„ th„ Scnp r^ instructions no longer «=«' ' *°J ^, ^,,,4 accord contains no lis all that are now 'emaming. »»* » ^^ ,„y other reUnee to the P^—^t;:;; it to come fr.» any other method, we are not Just^fied ^ .„.„„,„„ ^he 'Tefnlly admit that onr f.th;» -^'^r^^ J *- syllable, of Scriptnre. Bnt God' ^ ^^^^^^^ (,,cn by the ad- keepine of fallible beings, and is _ ^^.^^^ j^^j „f to Son of onr adversaries^ throjb a fall ^^^ ^^^^^^^ , ™»2e- and unless both the t^^'oner ^^^^ ^^^ „, a„ Shle, it would be as -y *« » ^l eJof an infallible written infallible living guide, as to pejrt t ^^^^^^ ^^ ^„ ^ ^ volume. Thus, even '»'!«''»'' ."^^^^Ja hope of salvation, we „ order to a certain faith and ..>^^ J^^ ^,^„„,^ ,„ „ „„ Ihould be no better -tb > «- -*»;,^ ,;,„„.,„. .a^,e 0/ »»- more than we have at preseM j .onstnctim mi pervnmn. tofallibility of inter- But what if the P0-7«» ° "" 'Zl^ if Popes contradict and pretation do "ot themselves^r« . ^^^^^^ ^„„, ,t „„ce e.,en ei>, so esse^J-al Virgin Mary. How conld ^.^ *»'" y^/Jt a doeument is ever ;,a fundamental a doetrme, >f l^^J^^^L reference to it! B»t put forth by the modern ^"V^-^'^^^^,,^ „„ «hieh I should not \ „„st not c'etamyo" "uger o"^*^^^^^^^^ ,„a daring assertion, have said so mueh, but lor the eonn ^^ ^„a „r the clergyman who .-"I^JP ^J^ ft t«„eve them all. May frightful errors, anu has bo™""" „jh„„, t„ see his m«take, ,fd bring him, as he has brougM many ^b.^__^ ^^^ _^^.^^ ,,d to acVnowledge P*|y*;'„'a the«>,ecessions,:.r~ assured truth which he expected. Asreg» ^ch has not arisen that there is -»- ^r^r^mng on IL faults of members of ftom a morbid and ''".f "^ 3"? what is to be said on the o„ own Church, w.thont '""T'^/calholic works of devotion, other side, and from '«f'.°S^";" by hundreds, we can claim And if they -"-"'^XShoi*™^" "otvery creditab e eW, by thousands Butthjk. ^ ^uat to either party. Let ^"'fZ, i„ strict Church of England pnn- thcy carefully train """"^fj^^XLome example of conforn„t, ciples, and «it them a sound and «" ^ of her clergy Jthe rules of our Chureh d o^^te.^ ^^^^ J„, ^ ^^^^, to »nd institutions, and 1 have no ^^^^ ,, „„t jj. Romanism. -«- >»'' '^^J^S Ca«.olics as a body, but the grounded and franUc abuse of ^man t^a ^^ ^^^^_ ^^.^^ possession of distinct and «'»' """""^ ™ ,^. Continned and mea- [t has pleased God W ^^'^'^^'^'^^rndine ingenuous minds to ,nred abuse of any party '"■»^J'P;^„^,„ eonscionsnoss of pos- look on it with favour ; "l""'"* *" ^„"" „«o„.l freedom, with 39 ff I gladly turn, in conclusion, to a more congenial subject, and would offer some advice on the best method of increasing and ex- tending the missionary spirit of our f!hurch among oiirselves. First — It is absolutely indispensable that we should all accustom ourselves to look on all Church members in every pnrt of the Pro- vince as one body. One mode of action will bo preferred to another by various minds, labouring for the same end ; but we should at least give each other credit for the same intention, whatever be the mode of action. No real Church unity can be understood, unless we 80 far abandon party names and distinctions, as not to speak un- kindly of our brethren, lay or clerical, and not to hold them up to public odium, because they differ from us. There has been an evil habit of stigmatizing good men in our Church, by assigning to them names which they disavow. It is an evil habit, ane ChuvcU of God. And . » ^^,^j^ t,,.t «„ro Ion, pound. fl«»g >'"d«' *\ .' • ,,„ia„e I«e..t,i»ry offermg, gWen Jt the fe..t »« »-^ .^^ ; Xn -renxbranee of tbat tnade in the fe« of God «nd ,njhe ^ .__ ^.^^_^^„ ^.„ , dreadful aeeonnl wUkU tho.0 «> ^^^^ j^ i.,ge, l.bmV ; give before Alm-.gl.ty ^j;^:,., J^"jltin„ed,and i^ r'«P»'t'0» „„d annual, if tl.e mean, of gmng b ^^^^__^^ ,^„^end. i, .uffleieutiyi«d.cateclm&..^« . ^^^li^^.^ndcha- tUatatentbof o.-. --»"7''Xfr.„ temporalis of Wto vitable u.es. An« • • "<*°" '",„ „ith a Scriptural injunction, ^^^^rrlcT^^^^o^t^'^^^ be in f^ce^if tbere vith the law ot God, wn« ^ f j^,, ,ftorld. ,,ere no State-law. in «.'"»*«ronh."aLer contribution,, but a larger Fourthly-We requue uot "f'^l^^^ ;„ New Brun.«.ek Millenary »F"*- . J" *'' foW-' M--^^ T^'X: should consider .t.elt»P»'*J^^ J ^^„ Church at home, lo divinely organized and set m .»otoo y ^,^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ in p-f »^'^;;r^4; ■«"#- --" ''"' " '^"'='".': all Christianity, (tor wnai ' ., ;is.ioi,s and Mis.ionane^) I P^^po"^ • .„,.„iaual not placed 1. That every father of a <»"• J' ^;„ ^^ii/private prayers, .ooe i„ that relation, *»* f ^^''Sut l-chiding those in other one special prayer ^-^'f^'^^Z T Ws may be either the Col- iMt for Good Friday, wn j^j^^j_ other suitable prayer, but the «mple ^.^^^^ ^„ „ „,„ 2. That the aergy dio«W «gj«;° J„i„„ of St. Paul, « to the Festival of the ^^''P^-y; *Sys, or »ny -ore suitable mit.unday, or one of the Advent ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^, ^ time hereafter ^ be agreed -^'J> i^yoners the duty o »gree on some one time,) *« u^ ° ^,,„ ^„i,ject strongly before Missionary effort^ ^ni *''°^*^;'?„ tUe week foUowing, rf con- them, holding a Missiona, ™^*"S " .^^ «„„« then be drawn venient. The attention ot the whole ^^^^^___ 41 ide in a coutom- to tlio same important subject. Cheap ami useful publications, such as tbe " Gospel Messenger," the " Mission Field," and others, iuijj;ht easily bo obtained. 3. About the same time, tlio Lord's Supper might be celebrated ill every principal Church, and it might bo enjoined on every com- municant to make the work of Missions the subject of thankful prayer, in connexion with the memorial of the death of our Lord, and of the benefits we receive by the Lord's Supper, with a special petition for the enlargement of the Redeemer's kingdom in this I'rovince. 4. Collections might also b«j made to promote Missionary work. Thus, listlossncss, apathy and inactivity would bo dispelled ; charity and good feeling would be every where promoted. Litcrccssory prayer for the conversion of the heathen, for our own special Church, for more unity on Scriptural principles, and for all need- ful blessings, would be increased. And wo should, " with one mind and one mouth, glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." By this godly method, no interference is intended with any shades of opinion, or difference of practice, but we are invited to join in general Christian duties, in which wo must all agree, if we take the Word of God for our guide, whatever be our differences on particular questions. And till we learn to dwell more on tho points of agreement than on points of difference, wo shall know little of tho true purity, truth and love of tho Gospel of Christ. And let me urge upon you once more, reverend and dear brethren, the duty of combining in humble and hearty prayer to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, that He would bo pleased to grnnt a j larger measure of His Holy Spirit, to guide us in these and in all our undertakings. We read much every where of the outpouring [of the Holy Spirit in answer to prayer. But for us, who enjoy the [benefit of continual supplications, in tho Liturgy, it is not necessary [to resort to any extraordinary measures and violent excitements for Ithis end. Guiding ourselves by tnc standard of the New Tcsta- iment, we read there, that tho measures of tho primitive Church ^cre as calm and collected as they were energetic, and that wisdom ind prudence are as much tho gifts of tho Spirit of God, as rcpcnt- uicc and faith. Wo have in our own Church all the gifts r.nd al- liances that are needed, or can bo devised. We have an ancient jind primitive faith, a common, godly. Scriptural, elevated form of irorship, a translation of the Scriptures, distinguished for its general delity and purity, and unrivalled for its melody and sweotnesc. "\Vo y- i!i\ .1 it 42 * on.l a sacred Utcrature,TinsnT- '"nation on ».vtl,. We '-"^^^^ble and devout, giM «.tU Zt leavncd, .no.t godly, >""»';'""* „;,„„ in onr Comranmon, ™ goni«» and admirable d<>q» "j;';"^ We have i oetry, arehitoc- ITd Spending tl>cir live, m f^^^l,^^ onr only implacable foo UmnBic, '-gS;:::t :;;:ld knowledge ot aU t-nd.. i, laso»*»cE. Ihe more "'^ ' ,, ^i^^. Scriptures and Churett Extended, tbc more deeply »"»» "3, „„a ,„tire is the ednca- . tory are examined the mo e ^o. ^.^^ ^ ,^^,,) Ln of the people at large, «"="">'•' .^ «,„ more the great Tet evJto'theChureho{l..gamh And,^^^ „„, ,p,,^ 4e !!Ltion between ns and B^me « s-M^d ' ^^ ^ ,^^j_ „ : iction among educated men, h i^C ^ ^,_^.,. ,„, ,„ ,ome body of like r"" trnlXt-nnbelict «bieh is no «here ,V„m the depths of r'"'"? "* ^^ „f the Koman domimon. „,„re prevalent than m *» Z"'^"^^*^; y ,, gifU aright ; humbly, AH that we reqmre, « to '»« «"»" ^b^^^ ^^.^ ^^ ^^ ^^,^ faithfully, unitedly, ™*™: 'V«ita on. Let U3 endeavour to carry ,t the several services "« * " ^ „„ „ehial cures. Let .« home with us the savour of "f"'"' ^ J .teadfastness and s.m- t: onr chief desire, by the — ^, '^ ,.„*, and to make plicity of our own course, '» «™ ° ^ ,t,Ue, and consistent U>ose who nominally belong to "'•""• .'heir adherence to it, tmhersof the Chm.h <>' J^f ;t; Snes and disciplin^ on their support of it, their ^ehef m its ^.^ ^^^^^ taught by the P"™>t"?.^''"'°J^;;„3 „„t aim at making men »d- i„cverencc and superstition, ^^^f "^"^hippers of the Lord ; tha ^i,ers of ourselves, but servaii^ »^wo^h W ^^^^ ^.^ , v,e may grow inlioliness, l'™'";"^^;,^ ;„ ,oU„ey, die in hope be) in charity, snflcr i»f 7'='' 7"V„rk is ended, may we all of'rising in glor>^ An* when ^ ""r^^fo^ono another" with be " for ever with the Lord. Let us such words, ■■■ .'- .' ■ - ,,.,.: i : ^'Vk.- - -^'^';' ■' ' . , / i^l'f ,f t .ill .< : i: : •;oi :0'i"-^''^^' ''^'■' 43 NoTK. — Iliivinp; been accused of libelling tho Rev. J. Wesley, for «iuotinp; afl liiH wordn, "I fear wlioii the MotliodiHtH leave tho Church, God will leave them," I now mention, that tluH quotation is found in u traet published at LeedH, and by Rivingtons, London, and the words alhuled to, have appended to them, " Afimtttn of ('oiifcrr.nrc, 1770." Whether Mr. Wesley was the first •who used these expicst-ions, 1 am not at present able to say. Tiiere is, how- over, no reapon to doulit that they were used by a clergyman who was a member of Ins Society ; that they were mentioned by Mr. Wesley without disapproval, and that lie added to them " other like words." The following extracts from Mr. Wesley's works have been verified by u friend in England : — " Are we not, unawares, by little and little, sliding into a separation from the Church? O, remove every tendency thereto with all diligence. Let all our preachers go to ('hurch. Let all tho people go constantly. Warn theni against despising the prayers of the Church. Against callhiff our Socutt/ a Churchy the Church. Against calling our Preachers Ministers, our houses meeting houses ; call them simply preaching houses. They that leave tho Clmrch, leave the Methodists." Works, vol. 6. It is almost needless to add, that Mr. Wesley meant by " the Church," tho Church of England, as this was the usual way of s])eaking in his time. Again, " I never had any design of separating from the Church. I have no mch design now. I do, and will do, all in my power to prevent such an event. Nevertheless, in spite of all I can do, many of them will separate from it. In fiat oppoHilion to these, I declare once more, that Hive and die a mo/iber ofth*: Cfmrch of Encjland; and that none who regard my judgment or advice, will riier Hcparate from it." Doc. 1789. This shows iu what sense he used the words " the Church," cited before. Again, 1787. Extract from his last journal. "I went over to Deptford, but it seemed I had got into a den of lions. Most of the leading men of tho Society were mod for separating from the Church. I endeavoured to reason with them, but they had neither sense nor good manners left At length, after meeting the whole Society, 1 told them, if you are resolved, you may have your service in ('hurch hours ; but remember, from that time you will nee my face no more. This struck deep, and from that time I have heard uo more ol' eeparating from the Church."' The above extracts are sufficient for my purpose, which is not to attack any party not in communion with the Church of England, but to defend niyfiejf Bgaiust the charge of misrepresenting Mr. Wesley's real sentiments.