IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 11.25 ;!: id£ 12.0 lA I ^ v /> Hiotographic _,Sdences Corporation 23 Mf'iT MAIN STRfET WEkVTtKN.Y. 14580 (716)«7r?J *3 ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques i Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographicaliy unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur n □ □ s n D Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagee Covers restored and/or laminated/ I I Couverture restaur6e et/ou pelliculie Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couhur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires; L'lnstitut a microfilm^ le meiileur exemplaire qu'il iui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur r~y^ Pages damaged/ 1^ I Pages endommag^es r~yK Pages restored and/or laminated/ LlJ Pages restauries et/ou pellicul6es □ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dicolor^es, tachetdes ou piqu^es □ Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es 0Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Quality indgale de I'impression □ Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du matdriel supplementaire □ Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible n Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6X6 filmies 6 nouveau de faqon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1 y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X 1 1 itails ( du odifier ' une mage Th« copy filmad hara haa baan raproducad thanka to tha ganaroaity of: Library Diviiion Provincial Archives of British Columbia Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apacifications. Original copiaa in printad papar covari ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or iliustratad impras- aion. or tha bark covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impras- aion, ard anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad imprassion. Tha last racordad frame on eacn microfiche shall contain tha symbol ^^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed on II 53rifio^ Oil Ilia Nor mittep, n. (I. Ei CCi ing of The Committ work by senc of Uritish Col III concluc 1884 1 to return ths tuck up the ta Western Trib( Canadian Gov trihution to th brought toget t'ontiation, cou probably have timely enterpr For eonver tlip Committee Circular of Keport on j donee with Fa Report on l>y Ml-. Hale. Notes on Ii I IV.) Report on I'lvMr. Hale. Remarks oi First Repor (Report V.) I Remarks or port VI.) I Second Rej I Boas. (Report Introductioi -"^m ^ S«'ction II — [pfwich, lW»f) ] '^niii^f) llsoocittUott for ff)c ^bvanccmenl of Science. ■I ihi fill'' NorHi-WeHhrti Tril>ex of Canada. — Tonth Report of the Coiti- 'iiiiffee, i'onaidiiuj of Dr. 1^]. B. TyLOR, Dr. G. M. Dawson, Mr. 11. G. llALiniiiiTON, and Mr. H. Hale. [PLATE.] The Committee, as was expected last year, are now able to complete their work by sending in the final report by Dr. Franz Boas on ' The Indians (•f British Colunibia.' Ill concluding the investigations which have since the Montreal Meet- ing of 1884 been carried on under their direction, the Committee desire tn return thanks for the liberality with which the British Association t'lok up the task of preserving records of the Anthropology of the Nortli- Western Tribes of the Dominion of Canada. With equal generosity, the Caiiiuliaii Government recognised the necessity of the work by large con- tiil)ution to the funds at the disposal of the Conunittee. Thus has been brought together a collection of valuable physical and philological in- formation, coupled with accounts of native culture, much of which would probably have changed or disappeared within a few years had not this timely enterprise been undertaken. For convenience of reference, the principal contributions embodied in the Connnittee's series of Reports are here set down, viz. : — Circular of Inquiry drawn up by Committee. (Report III.) Report on the Blackfoot Tribes, by Mr. Horatio Hale, in correspon- (lonce with Father Lacombe and Rev. John McLean. (Report I.) Report on the Blackfoot Tribes, by Rev. Edward F. Wilson, and Notes >y Mr. Hale. (Report III.) Notes on Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. Franz Boas. (Report Report on the Sarcee Indians, by Rev. Edward F. Wilson, and Notes |l>.vMr. Hale. (Report IV.) Remarks on North American Ethnology, by Mr. Hale. (Report V.) First Report on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. Franz Boas. I (Report V.) Remarks on the Ethnology of British Columbia, by Mr. Hale. (Re- jport VI.) Second Report on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. Franz 'as. (Report VI.) Introduction, bv Sir Daniel Wilson. (Report VII.) Hi i REPOKT— 1895. Third Report on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. Franz Boas. (Report VTI.) Physical Characteristics of the Tribes of the North Pacific Coast, by Dr. Franz Boas. (Report VII.) Remarks on Linf»uistic Ethnolojjy, by Mr. H. Hale. (Report VITI.) Report on the Kooteuay Indians, by Dr. A. F. Chamberlain. (Rejxjrt VIII.) Fourth Rej ort on the In Hans of British Columbia (Indian Tribes of Lower Fraser River), by Dr. Franz Boas. (Report IX.) Fifth Ri^port on the Indians of British Columbia, by Dr. Franz Boiis. (Report X.) Fifth Report on the Indians of British Cohimbia. By Franz Boas. During the months from September to December 1894, I revisited British Columbia under instructions of the Committee, the object of the journey being to till, so far as possible, gaps left in previous investigations, I considered four points to l)e of particular importance : the anthropomet ry of those portions of the province which were not covered by previous work ; an investigation of a Tinneh tribe on the extreme northern p;irt of the coast of wliiuh I had heard reports, but which has never been de- scribed ; a study of the customs of the He'iltsuq, and further inquiries in regard to the Tinneh tribe of Nicola Valley which was tirst described l)y Dr. G. M. Dawson (' Tians. Royal Soc. Canada,' vol. ix. 1891, sec. ii. p. '2'.\). On account of lack of time I was unable to visit the He'iltsu<|, and for the same reason I delegated the work in Nicola Valley to Mr. James Teit, of Spence's Bridge, who is thoroughly conversant with the language and the customs of the Ntlakya'pamuQ. His report will be found embodied in the following pages. The subject matter which I collected on my journey is presented in I'.ie following manner : — I. Physical Cnaracteristics of the Tribes of the North Pacific Coast (p. 3). II. The Tinneh tribe of Nicola Valley, by Mr. James Teit (p. 30). . III. The Tinneh tribe of Portland Canal (p. 34). IV. The Nass River Indians (p. 48). V. Linguistics (p. 62). 1. Nisk-a'. 2. TsEtsEa'ut. I have to express my obligation for valuable help extended in tiic course of my work to the Rev. Mr. CoUison, of Kinkolith ; Mr. George Hu.^t, of Fort Rupert ; Mr. C. 0. Hastings, of Victoria, British Columbia ; Mi. James Teit, of Spence's Bridge ; and Rev. Father Le Jeune, of Kamloops. The following alphabet has been used in this report : — The vowels have their Continental sounds, namely : a as in father ; e like a in mate ; i as in machine ; o as in note ; u as in rule. In addition the following a re used : «, o as in German ; 0,—au) in law ; S as in tell ; i as in hill ; 6 as in German volt ; E—e in floiver (Lepsius's e). Among the consonants the following additional letters have been used : (jf, velar g ; k\ velar k ; q, the German ch in bach ; ii, the German ch in, icli; q, between q and H ; c=»A in shore ; tl, an explosive I; dl, a palatal / (dorso-apical) ; !, increaseds tress of articulation ; ', the mouth assumes the position for the articulation of u. I. Pf In the i ai'ouiitl Ha tMinsidcrabl ilesiralde to country, in to discover this region in the regi country is ii liinguage wl people of th Fraser and divisions of live betwee Ntlakya'par point above miles up Fni Siding to Ai Fraser Rive the Cawa'i^a I kept these Furthern of the Comn coast are coi among the ^ of the measu of the Conmi Connnittee ( Anthropolog have refrain< at that time, limits. A glance type takes pi For this rea among each ( 'ippreciable c combined th( tribes of the second, trilie tribes of the Island, of C liracing the 1 Fort Rupert. The follo' ON THE NOUTII-WESTERN TRIHES OF CANADA. 3 I. Physical Charactehistics op the Tribes of the North Pacific Coast. Ill the Seventh Report of the ComTiiittee I pointed out that the region around Hiirrison Lake is inhabited by a peculiar type of man, dift'ering considt nibly from the types fuund in the neighbourhood. It seemed (lesinilde to investigate the characteristics of the people of the surrounding country, in order to Initter define the locality inhabited by this type and to discover in what manner the transition between the distinct types of this rcifion takes place. For this purpose I collected anthropometric data in the region lying l)etween Harrison Lake and Thompson River. This country is inhabited by the Ntlakya'pamuQ, a tribe speaking a Salish Iiiiif^ujige which has developed very slight dialectic differences only. The people of this tribe live in a great many villages which are scattered along Fniser and Thompson Rivers ; but the villages are grouped in five sub- divisions of the tribe, which are named as follows: the Uta'mk't, who live between Spuzzum and Koefers ; the NtlakyapamuQ'o'e, or real Ntlakya'pamuQ, whose territory extends from a little above Keefers to a point above Thompson Siding on Thompson River, and about twenty iiiil(!s up Fraser River from Lytton ; the Nkamtci'nEmuQ, from Thompson Siding to Ashcroft on Thompson River ; StlaqayuQ, on the upper part of IVaser River, between the Lillooet and the NtlakyapamuQ'o'e ; and finally, tlip CawaQamuQ, of Nicola Valley. For the purpose of my investigation I kept these divisions separate. Furthermore, the anthropometric material given in the Seventh Report of the Committee was very insufficient so far as the northern parts of the coast are concerned. For the purpose of filling this gap I collected data anion;,' the Nass River Indians and among the Kwakiutl. The technique of the measurements was the same as that described in the Seventh Report of the Committee. I have added to the material which I collected for the Committee other data which were collected under my direction for the Anthropological Department of the World's Columbian Exposition ; but I have refrained from the use of the head measurements which were gathered at that time, as these would extend the scope of the Report beyond desirable limits. A glance at the tables (p. 23) will show that a very material change of type takes place somewhere between Vancouver Island and Skeena River. l^'or this reason it is necessary to compare the various Kwakiutl tribes among each other before combining them, in order to see if there is any •ippreciable ditference between them. According to their location, I have combined the material which I collected in the following manner : First, tribes of the Nak'oart6k group, embracing the Goasila and Nak'oartdk ; second, tribes of the Koskimo group, embracing the extreme northern tiihos of the Nootka, the Kwakiutl tribes of the west caast of Vancouver Fsliirid, of Cape Scott and Newettee ; third, the Kwakiutl group, em- liracing the Kwakiutl proper and all the tribes of this group south-east of l-'ort Rupert. The following tablets show the results of this comparison : — u 1—2 i ■?rS.-i,i_JJ.ll,-J LI! REPORT — 1895. Q 3 O & 5 « V M -H b- •♦< •J -+< M t •J --c -^ «c > rl (-1 f-H fh -U 1 O 34 -r 115 1 l-H f^ « t— I'- i-( -^ 1 « 1 1 - fH 1—1 1 82 l-H -H N Ht< t- 1— l-H »H 1 © OS CO OS 1^^ M «o --a l-H -H 1 1 O OS 1-1 N 1-* -t* «a -xj l-H l-H 1 O OS rH CO JO t- to CD l-H l-H 1 o 0» l-H -< 'ij* eo SO Zii l-H i-H 1 O OS .-H 1 N CO <0 :o iH l-H 1 © OS 00 OS 1-1 w to 00 lO lO l-H l-H 1 O OS 1 ^ 1 N to t- 1 1 5 lO l-H fH • • • • • • • • • • • « • • M • • a 3-3 o s.5a H a .« Son c« ^ O s (zibdM q 8^ -f ?t o h» 2 fO *! »t< CO 4) o o ri ^-1 1 1 © OS I'tt lO 1 l-H-* lO ».0 U5 rH -^ rn o ^ 1 b © OS w CO CO 1 M la o w o a s o U O H O H H Q < H ^ Average «e OS M •»< lO 'ti i?5 ?. fH l-H l-H 1— 1 N fO «o «o '" 1 1 -H PH fh S3 1 1 -^ ^H l-H l-( ! X OS •a in ^ 1 CO t 1^- -< rH f-H l-H ^7" ■ • • j • . . . • • . . . -3 . •^ • • ^ 1.S a H B ^ S ^Wt4 • s. c i5 lo i-t (H 15 1 155 PI CO l-H l-H . - l-H 1—1 ( f lO l-H l-H f P'l CO l-H l-H ©- 1— ( l-H e X OS CO :.j l-H f-H CO CO 1-^ rH CO 00 •I I-H l-H rH f^ y-^ C h C H! U ON THE NORTH-WESTEKN TKIDES OF CANADA. ^ 1 1 ^ 1 1 ^ ■H 9^ 1 O Ci M l~» ■ "0 to * « 1 ra i 1 1 1 1 O Uh O ^1 o O JJ i"H 94 f-4 ^ 1 Bu ' fl SQ v i ^ l>- ^ 00 1-H !0 CO 1-H CO 4) f t< t< •f > ^H ^H rH fH 1 «o r- 1 1 1(5 lO "^ rH 1 -H^ 10 la I 1 1 1 1-1 1-H 1 ■ S In 1-H 1-1 d -^ 1-H 1 X Oi '»*•** CI ^ 1 CO fH p-1 *c t- ' f f N -H in 00 1-H 1-H 1 -f 10 1 -!• ~f< ^ N W5 00 W CO 1 ^ H»l 1 rl CO '*< rt 1-H O -H Tl -fl W rH CO «o 1-1 »-( S ^ « CJ 1 (N(N ■^ ^H ^H «o r^ 1 coco 1 1 '~' rH ! " I-H ' -t< m ' M CO 1 i-l N CO rH 1-1 Neo 1 CO eo 1 1 <-* r^ ! -^-^ 1 1^^-. * . . . • ■ . . . —4 es • M • . <0-H a .2 a • O ^ -3 S -^.st ^ ^MW /. ?? »H rH h c K H C < u E OS »o !5 O H U ■< O H K C5 H •-^ to t- CO CO rH rH 1 1 1 1 fl 132 ! 134 133 135 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 m CO 1— 1 rH CC OS CI CI 1— 1 1-H 1 l« CO CI rH CO ^ 124 126 125 . 127 rH^ 1 CI 1 1- fl N CO d CJ r,rH CI rH rH IH O -H CI CI 1— ( w^ 1 rH OO «** CC OS rH w^ f^ I-H 1 f-i eo •* 112 114 116 113 115 117 1-H rH d 1 CI <-> 00 rH 1 I- O rH rH 1-H rH r-1 1 CI 11 1 M 1 §5 rH w^ 1 1- v-4 Mm 1 • k • • • • h sJ 3 eS P O • "ee $1 I HITOHT— 181>''». C ■r. u « c «.. t- ■' « i> « t» o C-l "U s -* CI «*< dU 3 >5 « 0) «C — lO fC 6 i ji ^ CC M ^ > < 1 1- 1 1^ la 1 1 1 1 •«» I 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 l« 1 M O S H Q < U « N I M ■O U 1 ** 6. I o ' o ! -^ in I O 1 rt -H ■^ •Si 00 N -* IS 00 2g K- (N lo I N '-t M W ee * O 0) I >5 •--'•a iS 39 Average C r. -K »b ?t >'o X M M -^ 1 so IM ^ ^i^ *-H »-4 CO 00 01 1 M 1 w M 1^-. N CO CM CO W 1— t 1 1^ 1 CO CO 1 ^ M 00 eo 1 1-4 i-H 01 eo 1-^ «^ ^H CO o CO 1- 1 f«- Mm / « • • • • • • ■ W It -••=s % y< £ t O » f- h- 1- -f o •0 >(S «5 < eo - 1 1 ^4 :.' _ . c •r. V 31 »n ci ^> y; •A k O ce O I I I I I «s - I o C5 13 «5 I --4 j (N I { (N I (N I 91 ^ «o ^ CI xf O JS 1 w ^ eo IS >-i 1-1 CI •♦< rH 1-H 1-H CO eo U5 1 i-H i-H CI »1 «5 i-H CI N »o 1-H «5 1 ^^ CI s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X 1 i-H i^ CI ^ 1.2 a ^ « :* o o £ !^ OS I v. u !; o O H rti O h O H ts M U > f' * c >0 f !• •J p^ ~ IS 1 i 1 <0 1 1 ! § 1 1 1 CI •■£) 1 1 1 ' to Mil! s 1 -H F- M 15 1 1 r CO 1-1 1 '-' :i 1^ 1(5 1 rt -^ ;i s -H 1 rt ;i IS o 1 1 1 1 in .-( 1 CO -n s 1 1 CO M s fH -H d •» I— 1 in l-H 1 1 ' - g 1 j eo r. 1 1- ' CO ...LL-^J/ •tt 1-1-191 ■ 'O 1- 1 • I CI 1 i ^^ 1 5 ec 1- 1 " -< -^ 94 ei CS P o Tt apppars that tlio three ^'roups are quite uniform. Possibly the breadth of fivfc of the most northern group, the Nak'oart(')k, is a little larger than that (if the others, but the number of cases is so small that it remains (liiulitful if there is any real dillerence bt^twoen the types. It will be sft'u that the three tribes (litter very considerably from the Mass River Indians, their faces being much liigher and narrower. In order to prove properly the uniformity of the mateiial collected among the KwakiutI, it is necessary to take into consideration their habit of dt'torming the head by means of a pressure brought to bear upon the front and sides of the head. Possibly the practice might have an etl'ect ii|)on the development of the face, which differs much from the form found among all the neighV)ouring tribes. In order to decide if the artificial (Icfonnation has any influence upon the form of the face, I have divided tlip material into three groups : — Heads not deformed or slightly deformed only, moderately deformed heads, and strongly deformed heads. As will be seen from the tables showing the measurements of individuals, I made finer distinctions when recording the original observations, namely : — Not (ietormed, slightly deformed, moderately deformed, considerably deformed, stioii^ly deformed, and very strongly deformed. The first two classes embrace children and young persons only, the practice of doft>rmation being gradually abandoned. leaving these out of consideraiion we find the following numbers of individuals in each class : — — Mea Women Men Women Moderately deformetl ( onsiderahly deforraeu . IStron^ily deforiued . Very strongly u. lornied . 25 8 9 9 7 9 3 69% 1S» % 22% ;s2 % •^•' % 32% 11% This table shows that the heads of female children were much more strongly deformed than those of male children, and that the deformation represented in each group is stronger among women than among men. - Slightly Delormed Moderately Deformed Much Deformed Length of Head {^Zen. ! Breadth of Head {Ji«^^^„: ' nreadthofFace.^^^;;^^^; ; Height of Face {^Z^en. '. 191-6 186-3 158-7 l.')3-4 146 3 143-2 128-4 118-6 196-7 187-4 160-3 1540 151-6 143-4 130-1 119-7 195-6 191-2 153 6 147-0 160-7 143-1 129-2 123-6 The differences exhibited in this table show clearly that a strong deformation of the kind practised by the KwakiutI increases the length of head and diminishes the breadth of head ; but that moderate degrees of deformation do not influence materially the lower portion of the skull, in which the greatest breadth of the head is foui.d. The table does not re\eal any influence upon the dimensions of the face, so that, so far as the latter is concerned, we may consider all the measured individr'als together, without regard to the degree of deformation of the head. While the preceding discussion has shown that the tribes of the I I it 0() 379 16 34 35 s t c Ud 2 a H o s i o V .M H S ! =« 1 c3 3B i i 87 01 03 O 38 o 5? t/i tn 40 fnm. ]„677 1„373 774 1,.7!)H iUl 3H5 45 55 58 I mm. ! 1,«25 1,328 I 745 1 1,730 {104 378 I mm. 1,(544 1,333 75(5 1,7«51 890 402 189 158 . lir,9-5 123 I 11 J) ]i8 I ir,8 50 I .57 37 41 205 158 119 152-5 60 39 204 164 124 159 53 46 I mm. I 1,(545 1,332 728 1,740 915 373 206 162 123 149 52 42 60 mm. 1,627 1,371 779 1,810 840 400 194 158 128 161 51 47 39 B T3 62 mm. 1,623 1,342 762 1,735 865 418 197 163 125 167 52 49 83-6 f81-8 831 ;75-3 i 74-0 J719 ! 77-1 I 80-4 780 I 780 780 I 86'8 43 9 I -J 46-1 I 457 103-9 1(07 106 1 55-2 23-3 ^54 2 2 22-9 66-5 232 461 107-4 54-3 24-5 40 a o CO 41 a a a o js O 42 it a S aj 1 OS O J^ M IT. ■ij >, ^ o 65 mm. 1,633'^' 1,331 718 I 1,685 I I 900 ; 400 I 67 a a -a H mm. 1,573" 1,282 720 1,647 846 388 199 160 120 155 64 43 ; 78-6 81-4 82-7 82-6 79-5 74-9 80-8 92-2 94-2 44-1 47-8 470 i05-5 1111 107-1 55-5 51-5 63-4 22-6 24-5 25-8 80-4 77-4 79-6 440 103-4 55-2 245 191 161 124 156 49 41 65-70 mm. 12 795 357 194 169 113 158 63 41 84-3 79-5 83-7 871 71-5 77-4 45-9 104-9 53-9 24-7 lier of N^unpowder. Large rfono£No41. lUglit leg broken. fj 65//i /{fijiorf, iSrif. Assoc, \H[)').] 1. Tx'F.tn'ri'iif. ' Sou of Nns. 42 Males 1 "s T 9 12 1 Number 1 2 o S H 3 \ 1 1 2 1 3 4 c J u 3 J= t < i i 6 6 7 1 10 11 13 14 16 16 17 18 : Name - \ Jonathan Da'njeli i _ V 1 So 1 1 1 : 1 Matthew Forster i « 1 a 1 1 § (2 1 1 '/. u g. o i 1 5. < Mattliew Gumej 1 c o U O 1 i b to 1 a v. a i e 5J 3, o 1* ^ 1 1 s -2 *-» 1 c 1 1 h o' 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i "is ) •«J *i +J i^'^ 1 •^ 1 1 T-* a "ij "ce > ^?l *c« > i > o "ie '- "o! "is et ■<« "et -c« C9 CS a -H ' Tribe . . . '2 X S 1 J^ 1 ^ 1 en 2 2 2 g ^ S X .3 .2 t : S5 i M .2 id en J4 .S fl s H ^ , i I (4 M 1 14 mm. , 1 CO 16 5" 1 Age 21 mm. 55 1 mm. 6 6 9 10 10 10 11 13 14 14 14 16 10 16 17 17 20 2( mm. mm. ram. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ram. mm. mm. mm. ram, I mr 1 Height, standing . 1,G()() ' l,f)50 1,570 ! 1,127 1,073 ,1,208' 1,273" 1,349' 1,286 1,320 1,421 I,48S* 1,578 » 1,545 1,030 1 ,029 « 1 ,51)7 1,034 1,008 1,043 1,005' 1,6'J Hi'iglit of shoiihler l,;i22 — l,3t)3 880 812 ' 947 1 1,023 1,107 1.021 1,040 1,141 1,200 1,2H5 1,2.50 1,305 1,310 1,274 ',308 1,304 l,3,-)0 1,310 1,3: Length of nnu f.78 ' — 718 496 400 527 559 664 584 549 63(> 049 715 683 700 739 0!>7 710 701 7.39 694 ! 72 Finger- reacli .... i,r><.)i — l,(ifi2 1,108 1,102 1,208 1,303 1,334 1,334 1,300 1,408 1,53.-) l,fi,-)0 1,610 1,047 1.724 1,593 ;,094 1,700 1,734 1,080 :1,0', Height, sitting 8(;f< — 8(il 040 590 670 720 708 092 714 757 790 856 807 882 869 850 900 911 895 890 !i( Width of sliouldcr . 351 — , 352 238 238 179 264 : 275 272 (?) 261 289 300 ! 178 , 328 348 342 303 390 .378 379 390 384 375 31 Length of head I'JO 191 1 183 172 173 184 178 184 171 ''■ 188 186 180 181 188 188 189 192 186 187 i 1! Breadth of head . . .LIS 153 ! 157 140 144 151 151 165 147 LIS 144 152-5 1 159 101 157-5 154 169 168 154-5 157 157 , 1. Heiglit of face . , .110 128 ■' 122 92 93 95 103 102 105 99 100 110 112 112 121 119 122 123 119 119 123 1 Hreadth of face . .146 14H 151 120 ' 123-6 128 133 1.35 { 135 135 134 138 143 145 140-5 151 146 148 149 149 M2 ; i; Height of nose 47 60 66 34 37 37 39 42 40 39 3H 43 46 47 1 48 46 60 60 50 54 48 , ' lireadlh of ncse 41 41 4.3 30 30-5 31 33 34 34 1 35 ' 34 38 40 37 ; 41 1 37 39 37 41 i 4" I 43 ! . 1 ; Length-breadth index 8.32 801 85-8 ! HI 4 80-8 7fi-7 80-4 87'3 82-1 87-1 79 9 1 891 1 E09 81-2 85-5 89-4 87-1 81-9 846 83-6 80 5 ■ 84-4 840 83 Fnciiil index .... 7fi-3 87 7 75-3 74-2 77-5 75'6 77-8 ' 73-4 74-7 79-7 783 1 77-3 82-6 78-8 830 83-1 79-9 ; 799 80-0 : 74 1 Nas;il index .... 87-2 820 7()8 88-2 ! 48-9 82-4 43 4 83-8 i 84-6 1 81-1 1 73-9 1 ' 89" 89-5 88 4 i 87-0 1 1 78-7 85-4 82-2 78 74-0 82 ; 74-1 89-() 1 43-1 7! Index of arm .... 42-4 46-7 1 480 ! 441 41'8 i 45 3 i 416 44-8 i 43-6 45-3 444 i 429 463 44-4 43 9 45 6 I 46 1 t i *^ Index of finger-reach . i SG'I — 1059 1036 1020 1000 102 6 1 98'8 103-4 i 98'5 108-4 ' 1030 104-4 ' 106-5 ; 101-1 ' 105-8 101-5 108-9 106-7 j 106-7 i 104-3 104 1 Index of height, sitting . 1 542 — 54 8 568 555 { 65'4 , 50 7 624 C3-6 1 64 1 63 3 '. 530 642 : 52-4 64-1 1 533 64-1 66-2 54-7 < 64-6 65-3 6f Index of width of shoulders . 219 — 22-4 j 211 221 210 1 217 20 2 (?) 20-3 21 '9 21-6 i 22-0 1 22-0 1 22-2 22-3 \ 24-3 24-1 1 23-3 23-4 ! 23-4 23-3 i 24 / lid 70. Diotlier of No. 49. • Son of No. 67. Brother of Nos. 9, 44. 55 » Fatlicrof • Urother of No. 13. * Son of No. 67. Hrotlier of Nos. 4, 44. 55. » Son Nolo. 1" Father of No. 18. Occiimt mthcr Hal Large cxostosi-; on vertex. [A'orfh- HV..7''Cw I'l-ilifs 0/ Canada. 2. NU-a I. Males 33 1 :'■! 3.-. 1 36^ "E a 37 X T, s 15 IG -E S a 17 i •« 19 20 21 22 23 24 : 25 26 27 § ! 1 i a u 28 1 29 30 31 32 : 38 1 39 40 41 42 is 1 a a. 1 1 1 i s 1 (2 H a 1 s 05 s S S J? >-> s < 1 < i 4 1 1-5 c Xi 1-9 a IS s 1 S 2 c c ■ £■ *-* 1 ^ 1 1 1 < 1 1 a I j i « 3 i i. • H ?i , S 1 ,5* § 1 "^ • 5? u it .1 1 "3 S e ■5 a 3 1 2 1 > .2 > .1 A 1 1 ii 2 g I" 'A ■ji 'A > 'A § IS a .2 "A A i A "c4 it 09 '^A -<9 (A A "as ■/. '-A .2 A > .5 A .1 i /. '■?. 40 V. A Tt A "es iA 1 a t A a 1 ■n a 16 17 17 20 20 20 25 27 28 28 30 32 33 35 35 35 .36 37 38 45 55 68 1 60 mm. 1.627 62 65 mm. 1,633'" 67 65-70 mm. ,034 mm. l,(i()8 mm. 1,(M3 mm. l.tiOo' mm. 1,620 mm. 1,617 mm. 1,671 mm. 1,723 mm. 1,629 : mm. 1,771 mm. 1,700 mm. 1,680" mm. 1,712 mm. 1,632" mm. 1,726 mm. 1,698 mm. 1,668 mm, 1,610 mm. 1,717 mm, 1.677 nun. l,tl-'."i mm. 1.1144 mm, 1,615 mm. 1 ,623 mm. 1,573" mm. ,308 1,364 1,350 1,310 1,332 1,298 1,373 1,434 1,327 1,460 1,423 — 1,397 1,335 1,440 1,340 1,381 l,3,jO 1,435 1,37:1 i.;ii.'« 1:13:1 l,:i3L' 1.371 i,:«2 1..331 1,282 — 71.1 7(;i 739 694 725 719 780 810 7:r9 800 653 — 784 1 751 784 729 780 742 808 774 715 7.-,6 728 : 779 762 718 720 — ,(! 192 186 191 190 203 204 194 192-5 189 , 198 196-5 194 200 197 1 9.". 197 191 ; ir.8 1545 157 157 160 158 166 164 ini 160 157 164 165 167 157 166 163 167 161 i:.9-5 l.-.s 161 162 l.-iK 1 163 1 160 161 : 169 123 11!) 119 123 112 124 120 120 119 133 124 126 110 111 123 127 116 127 109 119 119 121 123 12M| 125 : 120 124 113 148 149 1 19 112 150 143 155 160 148 157-5 157 160 163 164 160 166-6 161 165-5 165 1,-.H ir.2.-> 1 .V,t 119 161 167 1 - - 156 ! 158 fiO no 54 48 48 47 52 48 49 53 49 49 49 60 62 64 53 52 52 ">" 511 .-)3 52 51 52 64 49! 63 37 S3(i 41 84-4 43 84 B8 35 37 87-4 42 80-8 41 43 39 37 39 42 43 41 42 38 40 41 81-8 39 77-1 46 12 ; 47 49 1 43 41 1 41 805 83-8 83-6 81-2 78-4 80-9 85-2 87-3 84-3 81-8 84 5 841 83-5 81-7 80-4 78-6 , 81-4 82-7 80-4 84-3 871 <3 1 79-9 79-9 86-(i 74-7 86-7 77-4 75-0 80-4 84-4 79-0 788 67-5 67-7 820 81-2 72-1 76-8 l!6 1 75;! Tsn 78 H2'6 79-5 74-9 1 77-4 79-5 71-6 ?4'(i 13 !» 82 74 1 89-6 43-1 79-2 74-5 71-2 87-5 471 83-7 81-1 79-6 76 5 79-6 840 82-7 75-9 792 73-1 769 470 71-9 780 S6-8 80-8 92-2 94-2 470 796 83-7 77-4 45 6 45 1 44-8 444 46-7 44-7 46-2 46B — 45-8 461 45-3 42-9 46-7 ■i5-2 46-1 4.V7 461 44-1 47-8 440 45-9 I — )30 105-7 105-7 104-3 104-4 107-1 1087 107-6 105-0 103-4 106'4 — 107-7 !• ,V7 105-8 107 5 108-0 106-2 lOS-1 107 106 1 107-4 105-5 111-1 107-1 103-4 104-9 — ■.5-2 647 54-6 65-3 6G0 511 526 540 63-8 53-2 516 52-4 55-8 65-3 638 51-8 526 64-5 51 6 64-2 655 64-3 66-5 51-5 634 55-2 53-9 — !3-3 23-4 23-4 23-3 244 24-8 231 22-5 232 21-8 22-4 23-4 23 2 26 1 22-3 22-6 23-9 24-9 24 1 22-9 23-2 24-5 22-6 24-5 25-8 24-5 247 — [>r of Lnr N08. 4 je oxo» 44. 55 tosi-i 1)1 vortex Son of 1 II Co. 28. K.-itlicr • B of No. ro' lier < •J(l. )f No. 5 '^ Kill 7 , i-r of N ■;. 3 ni >IoH. 40 111 49, and 74 Mucli 1 Itlln lenl bj- rl in CO isequet CO of a n explc sion of gunpowder. » doni.fNo 41. Kiglit lug bi'ukc'D. illTf'-|| Nii I .6 7:, \ ! Li 7) 20 ira. 55i> 197 117 14i) 43 7i)4 !<.S-4 fliU V 150 07-7 54-7 240 [Nvrth- W*'stern Tribes of Canada Nil 2a. Nista' Half-bloods. I I. Males. II. Females. .0 74 1 75 7(1 77 78 79 80 81 % o m 4-3 O w o .2 -o d 5 w T! t^ u v § S a ^ 'i < i ^ 1? a ^ < eS liessie Susan Q .3 c 2 1 7t CO a Q Si "?3 "rt ^ "rt a u tii ^ » ^ ^ -w « u. 3 » ..-» y* S 1^ M-4 ^ » <1.2 53 -S ' ''' 1^ ^^ 'S 1 i^^ -% HCl -■!« a cc Mid ?s 4J o S ^ r/2 1^ ^ : ^ 25 ^0 60 3 5 mm. 16 29 ; 6 mm. 32 ""• mm. ! mm. mm. mm. ram. mm. 55!» ,^572':«; 888 30 1,579 1,652 1,146=" 1,632 1,603 :»0 i,304 1 — 1,301 1,352 888 1,360 1,312 "02 689 ! — 726 754 465 732 723 ''^0 [^608 898 1,630 1,712 1,118 1,686 1,653 HoS 327 504 834 872 635 822 874 ^^4 331 i 201 326 179 374 243 326 328 181 l'-»7 181 168 176 188 175 176 '6-.'j 155 141 140 151-6 150 145 160 155 117 117 90 111 130 95 117 110 149 141 112 117 HOT. 144 119 139 146 43 44 34 39 49 55 37 52 48 '^^ 39 "6 28 38 35 32 31 33 '!>-4 85-6 83-9 796 84-7 79-8 82-9 90-9 85-6 ^85 83.0 80-4 78-9 90-3 79-8 84-2 75-4 ^H'4 88-6 76-5 71-8 776 63-6 86-5 696 44-9 68-8 150 43.j> — 459 457 40-4 45-2 .)7-7 102-4 1011 — 1032 103-8 97-2 1034 103 3 547 627 56-8 — 52'8 52-8 553 50-4 54-6 240 211 22-6 — 206 22-7 21 1 20-0 205 7 I - ' '*^ Hunchback, ^atighter of No. " Daughter of No. 67. 62. Sister of No. 76. Sister of Nos. 4, 9, and 44. Mfl"S\"t iiJMMiMiitiiiuilJ f).")//- ff.yi-.c/, Bl-it. A.I^OC, 180').] Number. Name Tiiiie Age ll.iglit, standing . Ileiglit of shuulder 1.1 iigtli (if anil Fini;rr-ri-ai;h . , IIiM;,'!it, sitting Width ijf .shoiildors f.ength of liead Hn'adth ..f head . Iliiiiht of face llivadth .,f far; . Ili-ight of noso lircadth of noso 2. Nisk-a' (contimied). 11. Females. I.i'ngth-brt'adili inU'X Facial iiidc.x , Xasal index . Imk'.x of iiiiii . Indi-.x of tingi.T-rcach Itiilcx of height, silting Index of width of slioiildens " Uaiighicr of Mo, (!,", 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 62 53 64 55 f6 57 58 69 60 01 0£ 1 1 it a c I « 3 s ^ It jl o 3 H >> 1 d 5* d g s 1" "5 % 1 ?5 -4J U- S e Ex! S u; o s < ?5 1 1 S 4 >-5 i a as .2 y V] 1 1 33 S (M ■(« e ! o ^ 2. .iS M (Zi ■>. % *:= *- > "rt S 'a rt "rt "rt '- "rt rt "m o -« "n "rt "is J£. j^ ^ i^ D ju; .:*: -u: ^t M M ^ ^ ^ S M M ^ ^ ii >5 >5 >5 iz t. a y. "A •ti y ■/■- 'y 7. y ■r. y r. y .i. y a .2 y X y 2 G 6 7 8 9 11 12 12 16 16 17 18 20 20 20 22 25 26 2t miu. mm. nini. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ' mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mr y:i() " 1.00(1 1' l.Olio'* iii 1,137'= 1,225" 1,418'" 1,387 1,405-" 1 ,5CU 1,250-' 1,239" 1,587''^ 1,559 1,594 1,571 1,549 1,530 1 ,566 1,5 — 'i'i'i .><1S — 922 UG5 1,152 1,105 1 1,178 : 1,285 — 1,132 1,292 1.310 1,304 1,283 1,271 1,208 1,281 1,25 — ■ii;i ■),-.(! — 485 538 590 563 020 089 — 732 710 702 720 (179 088 001 687 0- !)17 l.OOl! 1.0.^,0 — 1.124 1 ,255 1,430 1.340 1,510 1,582 — 1,452 1,055 1.080 1,043 l,(i05 1,613 1,570 1,612 l.GS W.M .■,")t) (;o(; — t)4S (!!I3 772 7«7 738 828 — 583 824 853 8,2 802 858 803 850 84 — 'i:\:, 241 271 241 203 300 2!t4 313 319 295 352 374 349 318 343 353 348 3i; 1 C.S 170 177 173 107 170 17C 178-5 170 183 184 181 193 197 184 1935 185 179 181 185 Itl i:i7 14H 112 144 115 151 145 140 5 151 149 145 153 l.-)0-5 157 l,-)0 158-5 150 154-5 i: 85 HO i)4 «2 97 97 101 98 109 112 — 105 111 117 118 115 113 114 110 1( 123 118 120 12.) 123 125 134 130 129 138 130 133-5 143 149 144 142 5 144-6 147 144-5 148 32 30 ;i8 37 37 40 39 40 44 44 — 42 47 43 45 47 45 45 37 4 28 29 29 30 33 31 31 34 30 34 — 37 35 38 33 38 35 33 88 3 8.-,- 7 HOT, 8,'M! 821 8C'2 85-3 85-8 81-2 83-2 82-5 810 801 79-3 79-4 853 775 85 7 87-2 85-4 84 i;y 1 75 o 78-3 71'8 78-9 77(5 75-4 70-2 84-5 81-2 — 780 77-6 785 81-9 80-9 78-2 77-0 762 72 «:■") 80-5 7(!3 42« 811 89-2 441 1 79.5 420 85-0 81-8 77-3 ""*" 88-1 71-6 450 88-4 73-3 45-7 80-9 43-2 77-8 44 4 73-3 42-9 102-7 77 41-9 42-5 39-8 426 44-2 — 150 43 8 44 nsM lOO'l) 9H1 9H(; 102-7 1008 90-1 102-8 101-4 — — 1040 107-7 103-3 102-2 104-1 1020 102-7 105 58-0 5.">t> 50 6 — 5(;-8 6li-8 54 4 54-5 602 531 — 51-8 54-7 53-0 54 9 65 4 500 54 1 54 2a'5 22-5 — 211 21() i 211 211 21-3 20-4 — - 1 221 240 220 20-3 22-1 22-9 22-2 23 " Duughter of iNo. 07. Si.-sler of Xos. 4, 9, 55, "> Daughter of No. 03. Sister of No. 48. •' ilother of hul.ljrccds Nos. 70 and 79. " Mother of Nos, 45 and 48. '" Himclibiipk, " Mother of No. 43. " Sister of No. 51. " D.aighter of No. 63. Sist •' Jlothcr of Nof. 4, 9, 44, and 55, *' Mother of [yorth-]\'i stern Tribes of Canada 2a. Nisk-a' Half-bloods. 74 a s i ' 03 I. A ales. II. I<'<■ 1 ^ s. 81 C9 60 01 62 63 64 65 66 ' 67 08 69 a 70 71 72 73 a M 'A .2 75 i "« i 77 1 c 2 78 Nellie Seymour O 1 1 1 4J .2 1 a 1 1 < >> £ 3 O a t CO a 1 •«3 1 1 t4 .1 1 1 1 'ft I? is -J Q a 1 1 a g £ S J3 c j a Y-, 'A 3 A € 'A 'A X 2 ■n ■/i M m .2 > .2 .a "A 2 Vi is .2 A .-1 'A u 1 1 . -J .2 1 02 22 mm. 23 26 26 mm. 28 30 30 32 mm. 35 35 40 45 61 55 60 60 3 5 16 29 6 mm. 23 Illlll. 32 iiwn. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 1,049 1,530 1 ,566 1,536" I,5.i6-' I.4N8 l,5,-)2'^« 1,540 l,iU2-' 1,523 1,503 1,538-" 1,510 1,542 1,571 1,572 ■• 888 31J 1,579 1,(;,")2 1,14(;-'| 1,032 1,003 1,271 1 ,2()8 1,281 1,225 1,277 1,225 1,276 1,276 1,230 1,259 1,210 1,245 1,215 l,-.'80 1,2S3 1,304 ' — 1,301 1,332 888 1,300 1.312 ().><.S C«l 687 678 713 642 708 665 679 673 602 683 085 057 701 689 — 720 754 465 732 723 i,«i:t 1,570 1,612 1,028 1,056 1,-198 l,0,-,3 1,580 1,575 1,567 1,535 1,507 1,018 1,570 1,0-20 1,0(18 898 __ 1,()30 1,712 1,118 1,080 l,0.->3 8r>8 8t!3 850 843 858 836 8.")0 878 815 844 828 840 805 — 822 827 504 834 872 035 822 874 :!i;i 353 17!) 348 181 358 334 354 183-5 370 1S8 342 186 323 352 349 182 335 180 .354 191 192 300 331 181 ' 201 168 — 326 179 374 243 175 320 170 328 ISl 185 185-5 188 180 183 186 176 188 i.-.s-r, i.v; 154-5 157 1545 156 iri6 1475 151 158 149 141 1.") i(;3-5 151 155 141 140 151-5 150 145 100 l,-,5 113 IH 110 108 119 109 117 111 105 121 100 lit 117 125 117 117 '.>() — 111 130 95 117 110 114-5 147 144-5 148-5 142 143 149 142 143 146 142 137 149 1.-.2 147 111 112 117 14()-5 144 119 139 146 45 45 37 48 48 40 40 46 42 49 42 43 45 59 53 Mother o£ No. 18. " Son of No. 62. Brotlier of No. I -' Ididlic. " ii„„|,iji,,n.k^ '^'Dautiliterdf No. 07. Sister of Nus, 4, 9, and 44. Consiimi'iive. " Da'ig'.itcr of No. 02. Si.ster nf No, 7(;. m. mu R:ei !* <^ !i' i m. )8 38 36 88 84 38 31' 51' 26 40 51 39 J.4J )0 JB 11 t-9 M uch [Iforth- Western Tribes of Canada. 3 4. Heiltauk. II. Females H O a 18 :S I 19 I ^ i o I '« ; H I 20 21 J9 id 'il H 22 23 u a m )8'> 28 36 S3 34 33 Sl» 51» 26 40 51 39 J.4S )0 )-5 l-l 1-9 V5 21 3 5Zi 28 mm. 1,486 1,197 626 1,525 853 345 S O 30 mm. 24 Female A 50 mm. 1,565 "1,597 192' 160' 117 141-5 47 35 1,273 650 1,615 841 342 83-3' 830 74-5 420 102-4 57-2 232 194* 163* 123 150 56 35 840« 82-0 62-5 1,322 676 1,645 842 370 60 O a i5 60 1 41-4 102-9 53-6 21-8 190< 156* 123 146 52 37 821* 84-3 ! 71-2 i 42-3 ! 102-8 ' 52-6 I 231 mm. ' mm. 1,522 "1,532 1,236 1,243 694 1,650 840 357 186*, 155* 128 147-5 54 38 83-3 « 871 70-4 I 45-7 !l086 I 55-3 I 23-5 680 1,660 863 368 200". 159» 134 148 58 37 79-5» 90-5 63-8 60 mm, 1,542" 1,250 658 1,635 810 338 M •O !Z5 65 mm 1,530«'' 1,272 668 1,570 835 342 181 '» 171'" 129 156 69 37 94.419 82-7 62-7 190* 152* 125 148 57 36 800* 84-5 63-1 1 44-4 108-5 1 56-4 i 23-4 I 42-7 J106-2 I 52-6 ! 22-0 43-7 102-0 54-6 22-4 -1 S lU It) »-i 58 mm. 1,522" 1,255 675 1,618 826 335 182" 162 '• 115 150 52 38 44-4 106-5 54-3 220 89-1 " 76-7 73-1 ach deformed. ' Son of No. 12. brother of No. 2. • Son "ather of Nos. 1 and 2 ; son of Nos. 15 and 23; brother of No. 19. " Sister of No. 8. " Grandmother of Noa. 1 and 2, mother -■M**i5Ri%>^_ W^^^^y^. 65//* Report, Brit Assoc, 1895.] 3. Goasila and Nak'oartCk. I . Males 1 Number 1 •2 1 -2 ' M 1 2 3 : 4 a 5 9 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Name . . . . < -53 a S w ^ on o a H is ■4-t o 'P. 4-a 1 H t4 PL. / 1^ 1 « o ^ o ^ J)6 t: 2 1 M Tribe ..... -leg S5 X s 1 'i o 1 O M S-3 c4 •So >5 • '&'S |s >5 ^; S5 ^ S5 ^ ^ . ^ ?l O S feS ^ rt|e« «i« 8 ^ 16 mm. 16 mm. 18 mm. 25 30 , — 40 ram. Age 16 18 31 mm. 39 49 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. Height, standing . 1,120^ 1,640'* 1,624" 1,564 1,694 '• 1,082 1,725 1,730" 1,700 1,645,"^ 1,585 1,608" Height of shoulder 874 1,337 1,319 1,273 1,373 1,382 1,421 1,442 1,408 1,337 1,306 1,313 Length of arm 491 704 725 702 760 754 778 799 767 744 680 726 Finger-reach . . , 1,122 1,718 1,745 1,737 1,780 1,765 1,800 — 1,835 1,758 1,650 1,727 Height, sitting 612 922 880 823 911 910 940 950 893 880 881 870 Width of shoulders 251 374 378 396 383 375 378 201 » 405 406 384 189» 375 381 Length of head 179' 203 < 191- 183* 195=' 200* 198' 194* 208' 199' Breadth of head . 147' 169* 157 « 154* 162 « 171» 161« 160» 151* 163' 168-5' 168-5 Height of face 104 144 120 121 127 121 136 140 126 127 123 134 Breadth of face 124 156 146 146-5 150 158 151 152 148 153 156 159 Height of nose 38 68 51 56 52 60 55 57 54 57 52 57 Breadth of nose . 31 42 83-3* 40 42 40 41 41 40 42 38 44 42 Length -breadth index 821' 82 2» 84-2* 83-1 « 85-5» 801 » 80-8' 77-8* 86-2» 81-0' 847' Facial index . 839 92-3 82-2 82-9 84-7 76-6 901 921 851 830 78-9 843 Nasal index . 81-6 724 78-4 750 76-9 45-0 820 74-5 70-2 77-8 66-7 84-6 73-7 Index of arm 43-8 43 44-8 450 44-9 45-0 46-2 44-7 45-4 43-0 451 Index of finger-reach 1000 104-8 107-7 111-3 105-2 1051 1041 — 1080 107-2, 104-4 107-2 Index of height, sitting 54-6 56-2 54-3 52-8 53-9 54-2 54-3 54-9 52-5 53-7 55-8 540 Index of width of shoulders . 22-4 22-8 23-3 25-4 22-7 223 21-8 23-4 23-9 23-4 1 23 7 1 23-7 • Not deformed. * Slightly deformed. • Moderately deformed. * Considerably deformed. of No. 12, brother of No. 1. » Brother of No. 5. '• Brother of No. 3. " Brother of No. 21. •< Grandfather of Nos. 1 and 2. father of No. 12. '» Daughter of H§ilt8uk (No. 1). " Daughter of Nos. of No. 12. '» Occiput flattened. * Grandmother of No. 10. " Grandmother of No. 17. ■HRHM dla and Nak'oartOk. [No/rih- Weatern Tribes of Canada. 3 4. HHltstUc. 10 C4 89 11 ■p. 12 13 lb 14 9 PS a is 16 II. Females 16 17 I 'ii : » t/3 mm. 1,645,'« 1,337 744 1,758 880 384 189» 163' 127 153 57 38 i o M 40 mm. 1,585 1,306 G80 1,G50 881 375 I 1^ o J4 o :3 en § 1^ a S PC 49 208 » 168-5 123 156 52 44 mm. 1,608 '» 1,313 726 1,727 870 381 50 mm. 1,672 1,363 722 1,783 952 381 199" 168-5' 131 159 57 42 81-0» 847» 78-9 I 84-3 84-6 73-7 43-0 104-4 55-8 237 188" 156' 135 157 57 39 60 mm. 1,566 1,285 720 1,690 835 366 189 » 156" 124 151 57 41 70 mm. 1,670 '< 1,368 765 1,728 913 404 b IS o S 0) 19 ' 20 a ■n Of e2 iS H 21 as 22 S 18 204* 165* 139 162 61 45 mm. 1,528 1,251 628 1,593 870 323 830" 1 82-5" 1 80-9* 86-0 I 82-1 ; 85-8 68-4 i 71-9 1 73-8 174" 152" 110 144 44 31 M .1) Eci-! 25 mm. 1,508'= 1,228 666 1,5S3 884 333 J4 •0 a 55 28 ^M tt 30 tag 50 M eS o eS 5^ 50 o (4 23 3 ^0 24 Female o 60 mm. 1,186 1,197 ll,273 626 650 1,525 1,615 451 107-2 540 23-7 43-2 j 45-9 106-8 107-6 570 22-8 53-2 23-3 45-8 103-5 54-7 24-2 87-4" 76-4 70-5 411 104-2 56-9 21-1 ]81» 15P 126 110 51 39 83-4> 900 76-5 44-1 104-9 585 221 I mm. I mm. | mm. mm. 1,565 '» 1,597 : 1,522 "1,532 853 345 841 342 1,322 |1,243 676 ! 694 1,645 jl,650 842 840 370 357 192' 160' 117 141-5 47 35 194* 163< 123 150 56 35 190< 156* 123 146 52 37 1,238 680 1,660 863 358 60 mm 1,542'" 1,250 658 1,635 810 338 186\ 155* 128 1475 54 38 83-3' ! 840* I 83-0 I 820 74-.5 62-5 I 42-0 I 41-4 1102-4 .102-9 I 57-2 i 53-6 I 23-2 21-8 82-1* 83-3* 84-3 87-1 71-2 70-4 200". 159" 134 148 58 37 79-5" 90-5 63-8 M ■o 55 65 mm. 1,530" 1,272 668 1,570 835 342 181 '» 17119 129 156 59 37 94.419 82-7 62-7 190* 152* 125 148 67 36 80-0* 84-5 63-1 ; 42-3 : 102-8 ! 52-6 23-1 I 45-7 \ 44-4 1 42-7 ' 437 I1086 .108-5 |106-2 J1020 I 55-3 I 56-4 \ 52-6 i 546 i 23-5 I 23-4 220 j 224 M 9 I -J a Id) .7: c?" w * < Em ■ 58 mm. 1,522" 1,255 675 1,618 826 335 182" 162'* 115 150 52 38 89-1'" 76-7 73-1 44-4 106-5 54-3 22-0 lerably deformed. » Much deformed. Brother of No. 21. '* Grandson of No. 24. '» Daughter of Nos. 15 and 23, sister of No sr of No. 17. • Very much deformed. ' Son of No. 12. brother of No. 2. " Son '» Father of Nos. I and 2 ; son of Nos. 15 and 23; brother of No. 19, 12 '' Sister of No. 8. '* Grandmother of No.s. 1 and 2, mother I ' ^^Mitfl :i [yorth- WfMem Tribes qf Canada. 19 41 42 1 43 44 3 1 E 46 46 47 48 49 i i i > Mi 1 a 1 H a e 'S S 1 M s .s id o ui ^ E H ^ ^ B B < > I < < i i 'a, o o a a iV o i 1 ; us i o a 1 t4 1 o a 8 1 i 45 40 40 mm. 40 40 42 46 mm. 60 60 60 1. mm. nm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ■' 8 I,«t53 594 1,502 1,542 1,543" 1,565 1,585" 1,530 1,642 1,504 »•■ 2 1,352 317 1,184 1,250 1,261 1,276 1,266 1,243 1,240 1,193 741 670 576 637 657 661 682 G57 663 ♦;66 1 » 1,742 610 1,432 1,640 1,646 1,535 1,644 1.668 1,560 1,535 2 9fil 852 879 856 850 861 866 836 813 830 <) 884 346 836 341 330 362 — 324 328 324 ! 19' ' 206»206« 203 » 186 » 185 » 196 » 179 • 196* 190 « 199" >6 • 150»140« 148 » 139 » 134 » 146 » 142* 139 « 144 « 140" il 125 138 129 106 120 128 130 123 126 128 .2 147 143 144 137 138 146 144 135 133 144 '>8 55 66 66 47 57 58 60 64 65 65 18 39 84 36 72-9 « 39 39 37 37 36 ' 70 9' 40 ' 75-8' 38 ! 70-4 «' •4 » 72-g (B8-0* 74-7' 72-4' 74-9* 79-8 « •2 850 )6-6 89-6 77-4 870 87-7 9(-3 911 940 88-9 1 •e * 70-9 51-5 64-3 38-4 83-0 68-4 63-8 617 64-8 42-9 72-7 69-1 437 •1 44-4 121 41-3 423 42-4 43-2 431 •0 104-3 )10 95-5 1000 106-9 98-4 104-0 102-5 101-3 102-4 •0 66-9 13-6 68-6 65-5 55-2 55-2 54-8 54-6 52-8 56-4 •3 23 21-8 22-4 221 21-4 22-6 — 21-2 21-3 21-6 rn aed. (1 No. - 1 14. » Fa ther of No. 11 » Fath erofN 0. 12. ^-^y.-^ \\*' 6m^tfAiti!WMw4iJWiWW C^5fh Report, Brit. Assoc., 1895.] Niimlior Name Tribe Aije 1I( ifr'it, standing . H(.'if,'ht of t^hoiildor Length of arm [•inger-reach . Height, sitting Width of shouldor.s 5. Koskimo, Tlaak'er I. Males 1 ! ^ ~ 3 .2 4 ; .a a 9 , '3 f 1 >e • ^ H i5 rS ^1 ■r I.g- a X X g2 - 1 . i I 10 I 11 12 13 U a o S a J! *j\ o u: M 2« 28 mm. mm. 1.701 I.IUO •a X O o j2 16 Ul 16 s a o 17 '3 a "a J4 ■ft o U3 mtn. 1,395 l,701«'a,t>04» 1,320 1,280 1,375 ' 1,272 733 ; 752 1.722 j 1,798 8«7 343 — I- o 36 mtn. 0-3 s = .^ "a. o c 35 mm. 1,083 c9 id ■3 35 I •o 'A 44 o c 45 18 a a p •-^ sfi Si; X 19 20 21 XL p M 22 23 9 c a u: 45 45 I 720 : 1,0)90 ; 871 375 sm. I mm. | mm. 1,)>22« l,fiS9« 1,650 l,.V.m»"| l,li2,S 1,340 1,295 ;i,299 | 1,363 1,322 1,292 735 721 702 1.740 1,722 1,703 930 HH8 865 412 — i _ .3 a "q. •J 45 mm. 1,61)3 ■0 48 mm. 1,046 Length of head ' liri ailth of head j 11. ii,'ht of face I Hriuiilh of face 1 ll.-i:.'lil of no?e I I.MMilth of none I 1.1 iigth-br. .1 '..h index l'';icial inde.'. Nasal iiid i . Index ' f ruiu. > , Index of finger- ri wi) Index of height, sitting Index of width of shoulders 709 1,626 886 355 192- 161 » 126 153 57 39 (>82 1,580 885 358 189' 149 » 127 147 56 36 1)70 : 1.641 ' 912 379 199' 166' IM 1.-.2 ri8 38 '■A a g2 SO 60 1 ,3r)2 1,311 741 661 1,742 1,625 951 928 384 395 197 » 206 » 150» 146* 125 147 119 149 55 442 450 43-8 j 105-8 IOfi'6 1036 ' 610 544 55'4 ! 202 234 24'6 1 44 S I 44-2 1063 i 1071 64'8 I 644 ' 839 ■' 78-8 » 78-4 » 82-4 86-4 86-2 ; 68'4 64-3 42'9 65V 1 411 1 430 98'5 99-3 lOl'O 53-7 55-7 560 213 1 225 23-3 i>a 10 72'8» 741 » 850 799 70-9 83-6 44-4 401 1043 98-5 36-9 56'2 230 23-9 mm. 1,593' 1,324 702 1,755 843 3.59 196 < 156' 121 158-5 57 42 79-6 76-6 73-7 442 110-3 53-0 22-6 I mm. 1,634 1,303 727 1,708 865 376 216' 143- 135 150 58 42 66-2- 90-0 72-4 o a >ti s 66 44-6 104-8 531 23-1 mm. 1,620 1,316 724 1,745 :1 882 ■ 372 ! 198': 151' 127 147 58 40 76-3 » 86-4 j 690 I 44-7 107-7 54-4 23-0 Nut deformed. Slightly deformed Moderately deformed. Considerably a 3 \ a a V H IS S5 « o o o a a a : ^ M ^ o O o U! « U3 40 42 46 _ — , 48 u; 60 mm. mm. l,fl Son of No. 2«. •• '» Sister ot No. 38. " Mother of No. 30. "' Sister of No. 33. " SUter of No. 21 " Moiher of No. Fattier of No. 30. 32. 43-9 ; 41-7 ! 421 102-6 I 101-7 KU-O 64-7 C2-9 r.3-(> — 21-5 218 " Brother of No. 44. 14 i 41-8 i»5-5 1000 58-0 ■ 65-5 i 65- 22-4 1 22-1 I 21-4 1,270 1,'2(>(! titil 082 i 1,535 1,644 861 866 1 352 i — 196 »| 179' 146" 142" 128 130 . 146 144 58 60 37 37 74-9'' 79-8" H!-7 90-3 63-8 61-7 42-4 43-2 i 08-4 104-0 ! 55-2 54-8 22-6 - mm 1,530 1,243 ' 057 1,568 835 324 j 196' 139' 123 135 54 36 70 9" 911 64-8 49 a a a o 60 mm. 1,542 1,5(14'" 1,240 l,l!):i 063 050 1,560 813 1,536 I t<30 328 :i24 lilO- I'.lll" 144- l)ll« 125 133 51-) 40 76-8 -i 94 72-7 128 55 ;(« 7(1-4 » O'.l- 1 42-9 I 43- 1 ; 48-7 102-6 101-3 102-4 64-C j 52 H .55-4 21-2 ! 21-3 210 » KatherofNo.il. » Father ot No. 12. i; i! 'li • 1 i >\ i ' ■' HT.I Mm liiWm ' I m ff|i»w [A^orth- Western I'ribes of Canada. 7a. Kwakiutl Half-bloods. 8. Sishiatl. 5 ' ' 1 I. Males 1 II. Female ^ I. Boy : II. Girls ' ' ■ 1 1 13 ! 31 1 1 1 2 1 3 ; 1 ; 2 3 -" — ■ , i' iV 1 1 s C3 I q .£ ! i ' X "3 a 60 1.338 , 1.050 1,310 8't 764 895 874 hi58 704 ! 576 71^8 35 308 400 404 3.-.8 282 1 239 1 307 s 11 185 » 183' 1H4' 1S7' 180 159 171 1( 145 » 154' 161 ' 154 ' 147 145 156 ll 115 125 124 125 1 104 90 121 100 ll 143 147 145 147 1 127 135 1 1 53 53 ; 50 52 1 ^1 35 88 1 i 37 40 39 1 33 30 1 29 35 3 78-4 » 84-2' 821' 1 82 4 ' li ; 81-6 91-2 91-5 SJ* 804 85-0 ■ 85-5 1 850 i 81-9 ; 74-4 74-1 (5< 69-8 75-5 780 C35 73-2 82-9 92-1 4^ 48-3 459 ; 45-8 41-5 43-7 40-4 43-0 lof 108-4 114-4 1 109 9 1033 102 1 !i 98-2 99-3 516 52-0 52-7 I 66-8 53-7 538 53 2f_ 208 23.3 24-3 23-7 21-5 22 3 22-7 > of No. 16. " Sister of No. 20. *• Sister of No. 18 J (i'v/i Rrjwrt, Brit. Asao"-., 18i>u.j 6. JVootka 7. Kwdkiutl, Ma'malelek-dla, Ne'ink' Nuiiilier Name , 'Iril'" lli-ii:ht. >laii'lniff . Hi'iijht 111' .■.lii>ii.cl"r Li'iigtli of a"Mi I' iiij;ei-ieacli . !loii;lit. sitliii-; Wiilth iif shoiildtTr* I.i'iiL'fli of lii'ad r.reailtl! of linnd lli'iijlit of face liiea'lll] of face ilriu'llt ol I10.--L' I'.rtinltli of nose l.i'iij^'lli-liiv.i'ltli index Facial itiiii'X . Xaaa! iirlux . Index of arm hiilex of linL'i'rreacli Index of lii'ij;l:t. silting Index of width of >lioulders Women ^ a a 2B mm. l.fiOl ' i,;(i7 1)51) 1 .tiH2 810 ;<8:{ 188' l.'il ' 118 i4t!r< 47 Ko:!' 8(I-H 72 :i 412 10 -J 1 625 2;j'.t 'A 40 mm. l,:,i»2"< i,;ii:! 705 l.ti.')!) S'.Ml ^.■.r> I '.12' llC)' 120 14'. ri2 35 7ti-0' 82H 117 ;> 14 :i io;i 7 -ii> I 22:1 C L" H 2 •a- 13 mm. l,28tP- 1,0110 573 1,350 (i'.tt 1. Mules 1 2 3 0) a t». jy M 'a a a 1 <:3 m ^ 1 a » m O Id X 10 11 12 13 •3 a -J 1 Z "(3 '>, .g" o . 18 mm. 1,520 l,2i!G 042 1.515 800 26 mm. 1,(132'' 1,340 741 1,767 911 28 mm. 1,091 1,383 759 1,788 9t!8 30 s .§■= a .3 35 o 14 16 -,3 ^ Of i a § J3 W •s^ 5i« Bii * = J/! .-S 1^ mm. 1,6()2 = 1,394 1,826 899 mm. 1,746 1,430 787 1,848 952 36 mm. 1584 1,284 702 1,638 880 (<< a ■5 '.S .5 a C9 B (4 36 mm. 1,5'J5 1„S03 731 1,693 891 38 38 ! 48 B 42 ^ -< rt ^ 3 i aj 1 '5 ■ 1 ' is 1 b i 275 321 ' 179' 192' 392 — 1 376 337 377 184' 182' 189 » 205 < 200' 187' 1.50' 158' 160' 163' 158' 170' 168' 159' 107 114 133 131 141 136 129 132 126 140 147 147 148 151 152 148 42 45 57 55 58 51 60 56 32 35 88-3 ' 36 38 4i'- 43 85-0 • 38 37 8i-4 ' 83-3' 86-2* 77- M 89-8' 864 » 849 81-4 90-5 89-1 95-3 91-0 84-9 89-2 762 77-8 61-4 69-1 742 84-3 63-3 661 44-8 42-2 45-5 44-9 — 45-0 44-4 460 105-5 99-7 107-8 105-8 110 105-6 103-6 106-5 512 52-6 65-9 57-3 54-2 64-4 ,55-7 6r,0 21 5 211 23-2 - 214 21 3 23-7 mm 1,666 1,.362 750 1,782 885 392 mm. l,56t',-'- 1,281 694 1,699 846 1,715 916 363 50 mm. 1,640 1,333 733 1,722 876 392 ..._- -- 184' 180" 193' 191' 160' 161' 156' 163' 117 134 131 124 144 156 151 150 52 58 56 52 35 40 43 36 870' 89-4 ' 80-8' 85-3 » 81-2 85-9 86-8 82-7 67-3 69-0 44-2 76-8 69-2 44-9 44-7 106-7 108-2 — 105-0 53 1 53-9 53-4 23 5 "~ — 23-9 16 17 13 ,i •r a a « mm. II ) 1,5!)5«| 5 i 1,323 ; 2 I 744 j 8 ! . 1,7."0 I 838 3 mm. 990*' 768 406 975 570 218 mm. 1,077 « 867 449 1,057 565 226 "5 S ^3 8 11 mm. mm. 1,261 « 1,353 995 1,100 524 — 1,262 1,398 686 726 257 309 172' 1 j'l 1 177' ■ 1 .1 7 ' II, Females 20 •a 13 21 22 1 <« 1 ^ > % a » 1 t 1 ' o ^ >, ■;: M Ta 1 23 I 24 25 I 26 lO 13 mm. l,4t!0" 1,183 658 1,513 750 315 18 £-3 18 mm. mm. 1,486 1,513--' 1,234 1,358 , (iS6 — , • 1,563 1,594 823 831 325 — 1 177' 187* it i?s 22 mm. I 1,562«' 1,292 6114 1,074 1 837 ! I u: c O ? H a ■.*ie4 :3 . a 28 mm. 1.493 1,234 667 1,580 838 335 30 mm. L.'iOo 1.220 27 a a 28 o M a 5 3 36 mm. 1.652 1,250 38 mm. 1,634 40 mm. 1,303 640 657 ' 1,592 1,585 1 833 852 362 351 187" 165' 154" 153' 116 115 ' 146 144 47 46 35 l,:!,-)3 6n3 1,658 i 923 342 188 » 165" 123 ir.i 46 38 1.223 (■.49 1,310 7»<5 327 181" 148" 120 139 43 30 29 3 •V S a «■ ii 45 mm. 1,463 1,195 655 1,563 W3 315 179» 152^ ir.i 145 36 Hl-8' H4-9» S(>-3 K21 ! 66-7 ! 69-2 41!) 43 3 ; 44-9 101-7 102-7 I 107-1 56-6 i 52-3 55-0 211 I 21-8 i 23-6 30 it a 60 mm. 1,483 1,236 696 1,608 862 348 \NoTih- Weiitrn I'ribes of Canadn. 5 7a. Kwakiutl Half-blooiU. 8. Sinhiatf. 84-1 > 79-!' 8S-: I. Males 31 i •X nmi. 1.477 1.2111 714 1.601 764 308 20 mm. 1716 1.410 790 1,968 895 400 78 4 = 804 698 47-0 i 48-3 108-7 ! 108-4 58-;; , 51-6 28-6 ! 20-8 t 115 125 124 1411 143 147 145 4!' 53 53 50 4'J 37 40 :t'.i 82 1 ' So "5 78-0 45-8 109 9 52-7 24-3 mill. l.-Md 1,201 627 l..-.iiu ^."■)> 3.-.!< 1,^7' l.Vl I 12,-, 117 ;t:t f<2 1 ' 8.-)(l 035 41 5 103 3 56-8 237 1. Hoy 1 iiiiii. 1,307 1 .035 573 i.:):i.H 704 282 81 6 Kl 9 73-2 43-7 102-1 53-7 21-5 11. Girls 2 3 ! •^ 3 ' ;:: i o -d J ^ 1 s rt -^ 1 !> 1 s mm. I,(»li6 820 432 i.o.-,o 570 239 II mm. 1 ,3.50 1,102 5S0 1,310 728 :;07 1,80 ' 159 171 117 115 156 mi 90 100 127 121 135 11 35 88 III) 29 35 91 2 74-4 82-9 40-4 982 53 8 22 3 91-5 71 1 921 43-0 99-3 53 9 22-7 uicd by Dr. G. M. \Vu6t, " Daughter of No, 2. " Mother of No. 1, " Son o No .16. " Fnther of No. I, " Sister of No, 17, « Sister of No. 16. " Sister of Xu. 20. " Si«ter of No. 18 20 (4 o o a a O > I i| 12 ratn. 1,402 171 149 103 137 42 35 87-1 I 75-2 ! 88-3 [y^orth- Western Tribes of Canada. 6 10a. Half blood, 10. Tribes of Harrison River. Stshelis. I ■■!, I. Boys 11, Girls 20 (4 o o a a (4 1-9 12 ram. 1,-102 1,131 r.84 1,403 766 :!24 171 lli) 103 137 42 35 87-1 75-2 83-3 1 41-7 1000 I 54-7 j 23-1 No. 28. 3 4 Cfi ■¥^ d ^4 o M C X. c« M >. V ^ n .id .i^ in ■A 4-J CS Cj .i^ ^ as CQ 11 12 1 niu). miu. 1,25!) 1,273 , 985 1,030 560 647 1,302 1,290 677 677 288 291 183 175 152 148 103 102 132 126 43 39 36 34 83-1 84-6 781 81-0 83-7 87-2 44-4 43-1 103-3 1017 537 533 22-9 229 ' 6 c o m y 13 mm. 1,427 1,1.56 590 1,433 778 287 177 156 lOO 132 38 35 83-1 75-8 921 41-3 100-2 54-4 20-1 CC 13 ram. ; 1,450 1,170 651 1,513 768 325 190 158 112 136 49 33 83-2 82-4 67-3 44-9 104-3 53-0 22-4 10 11 .2 u '/J 14 U -4-) CG ram. 1,512 1,211 658 1,580 787 357 181 157 111 141 44 39 86-7 861 78-7 77-0 88-6 1 76-9 43-6 1 43 1 104 6 1 99-8 521 ! 54-4 23-6 21-1 mm. 1,200 958 517 1,197 653 253 166 143 94 122 39 30 rfi 0) en i fs >, Ci eS a rf\ H ^ M M M i ^' ■ji •n ^^ 1 a « (U 1 'i 13 a i cS 04 ca M ^ is CO CG as U 14 16 1 1 mm. mm. mm 1,366 1,497 1,468 1,094 1,213 1,198 609 654 616 1,424 1,523 1,520 720 796 785 304 318 328 167 182 162 146 165 153 105 111 102 126 141 137 46 48 39 34 35 31 87-4 90 7 94-4 83-3 78 7 74-5 73-9 44-5 72-9 87-2 43-6 43 9 103-9 101-5 103-4 52-6 531 53-4 22-2 21-2 22 3 r>oy 12 ?3 Pli o ."• i H -IN •J. mm. 1,1:8 J ^ 2 V2 >-i 10 12 li.'l' X if arm . ii.'l-x i^f finper-reach lii'Iex (.f heiglit, sitting Iml'X of width of shoul( ? 5" u: •8 s 10 10 11 mm. Moll 8S'.I 1,1.-.:! ITOo 15.-, !>! U'T ;),-> a:! !)I-2 71 II ^ !i4:i niTTi. I.ISO '.112 .■|ii,-| i.r.io en; L'Ti; 177 1 1:( '.!.■) r-'i! :(7 ' so-s 7 2 H 2 nmi. mm. l,2:iil 1,2111 '.ISO !i|t .-.08 ,■,111 l,2:;o 1,227 (■■71 i;ii2 2>2 27 1 H'l'.l 172 1.V2 1.-7 11 If I li'.i mm. mm. mm. l,:im 1,210 l,:i7ii l,(C>:i r,i;i i,i2:t (lis i,:;2:i i.2;iii 1,127 721 ;iis i:;i ;i4 1:11 :i'.i ;f2 '.K)0 '.11 8 8'.l-.-i K-2n 711. 2MI lli'.l l.-,r, 102 i;!:i 111 :ii; ".i2-:! 7i;7 'JOO i"i.",i{ 2M.-1 171 1(10 10.-. i:tH 41 I"., !I2 (I 711 1 7H(» IMl I.-" '.Ill Kill 3(! :;i 8ir, "(111 ri4-4 11 mm. 1,;!22 ' 1,07.-. (110 I.I21I ll'.Hl 281) ir,7 1 .-..-. in; i:i.-> ;!7 li.i DIM 711 8'.l-2 4111 . 1000 . I 54-7 ders . 21-7 428 110 42.-. 12 1 4.1-2 4. VI 4(1-2 100 I IIKI 11 1I12-2 101-8 104-.-. 104 2 108 .■,4-7 54 4 .-,,-.■2 -.11 r.2 7 .-,2-8 52-7 234 227 22'J 22-2 23-0 23-2 21- 1 ' 13 mm 1,118 1,173 (131 1,4711 717 3(1'.) 177 1.-,.-, 112 131 40 3r> 87-(l 8,-.-.-. s7-r> 414 103-.", .-,2-(l 21-8 18 mm. 1,42(1 i.ini (122 1,17(1 7.-)(l :iii8 17il 1 IS 1(1.-. 127 42 33 81-1 82-7 78-(l 43-,-, 102 8 -,2-11 21 .-, 13 mm. 1,418 1,1. -.2 (!:ii 1.1(18 771 187 l.-.o im 131 42 33 80-2 7-,4 78-fl 111 103-1 r> I 3 22-8 mm. 1,12.-) 881 4(111 l,l,-,il 18 14 15 IC 17 18 10 !!0 II. Girla 22 21 ■ a ■s, ^ ■0 t S ^ "^ V 0) .^ *fS 'C •& 7Z B in .r' < S5 s ^ s (2 c9 - 3 IS :j ^ •J Oi ^ ^ 3 H U 28 24 25 1 ■a Q 1 '■' i a 2(1 27 13 9 5 -^ M y.,87 ' ,3(18 740 288 mm. mm. mm. 1,24(1 l,'ii3-' 1,373 'J'.IO l,OH.-> 1,122 548 5(11 f.3(i l,2,-.2 1,2112 1.4411 (180 1153 733 2811 282 312 170 l.-,l 102 131 42 31 '.100 1 84-1 87-1 77-;i 7S-3 81-4 73 8 ; Ul-O 1 73-2 mm. 1,150 mm. : mm. 1,.->01-| 1,1(15 1,1(12 1,227 1,1113 (HI (175 (130 ' 1,518 1,510 1,542 770 81(1 781 332 323 335 = (^ •3 a .-« n : Ji-^ i fc • I I** 14 15 17fi 170 17(1 183 174 i 148 148 15(1 151 157 KU 1(15 1115 111 114 1211 1211 135 13:! 131 ill 41 41 41 18 1 :>i 30 32 34 33 171 152 137 42 32 4 1 -2 442 44-!» 45-3 42-8 1027 101-0 103-4 104 'Jll-8 : 52 1 54-8 52-2 528 54 ! 21-9 23-3 22-6 22-4 21-0 82- S 8,-t-5 82-9 43-3 101 (1 53-5 21-6 t ilO 85- 1 ; G8-8 42-7 43-8 ll!(-3 1055 55fi 53 2 20-n 22-0 mm. 1,408 l,13fi (',28 j 1,11',. 710 32(1 168 145 101 131 41 31 8()-3 77-1 mm. I mm. 1,482 ■ 1,4111 I,17(> 1,1117 j (.23 ; (1()8 j 1,488 j 1,587 ' 800 813 344 347 18U 161 113 134 43 3(i 88-8 84-3 11-7 43-8 412 |((i(l 101-8 101-7 .•4-7 53-8 631 i '^'' 221 229 450 54-4 21-6 7(1-2 82'.l 83-7 438 44-5 421 (il-ll 1112-8 lOO'l 53-1 52-5 541 22-8 22-7 23-2 18(1 151 103 137 4(1 36 83'i] 75-i 7()-l Brother of No. 28. ' Sister of So. 23. 44-f 10(!-£ 54-( 23; 28 ■g. I 1 24 25 a 2(i 27 28 illlam Billy 1 Ss 5 ^ .1 1 'S 1 < 1-4 13 •V a '^-.'f '■i 3 \A J -i ■^ V :- n 'ii ^ 5 ■■-- s Cx ',3 20 30 S 1 (^ >» cc ^ i X _ Bl I I. Hoy i 32 •3 § a 9a, Iliilf-hloods, Delta o/ Fraaar Uuvr. II. QirU [S\>fth-W,:ikni Tnh'Hiij'Connh. 6 10a. Iliilj'Uoiid, 10. Tnhe» of lliii-rixnn River. SUh.e lis. 33 34 36 m n ' » ifi ^ ^ ^ ^ i •1 9i a ^ M ^■^ -r s - .E^ 311 a a 37 88 Hit I 4(1 is Ed o •-5 ^ S ll M -< S 1 a y: < i : <* « 1 H t a < 1 12 13 I mm. ! mm. i mm. l.oOl" l,4(!.-| 1,4(IS 1,227 l,i'.';i i,i:ir, (;7."> (i:!6 (Ks 1,.-,I0 l,.-.42 1,4 SIC 7S1 7111 :i'j;) 3;).-j ;)2(i 174 171 i 1,M 152 112 104 130 137! 48 42 36 32 1 8iV8 .sii-2 880 750 750 i 76'2 4.-, (I i:i3 II-.". 1027 HllO it):;8 .■)4-4 .Wl 21'6 j 22-8 I 22-7 ' Sister of No. 23. 1. Hoy* 1 3 4 ! S « 7 X 1 0. 1 r; a s J< S j^ .3 3 >. •^. i - < 1 1 ^ j 1 mm. mm. IIP 1 ,250 I,;W2 1,-.. .< 1,(1(14 1,022 '.(.•<5 r.:i.s r.72 "iCid i.2'.i;i l,H50 i.:iii2 ll'.M CiOd (177 275 2H2 160 •JSS 168 is;; 156 150 l."i2 101 07 KiH 126 130 1 ;•.•.; 43 40 43 30 32 3(1 020 88-8 8:M 80-2 74-6 7.S'1 6»'H 800 83-7 42-7 440 41-4 1(»2(> 1038 i():t:t 55-1 63-5 .-.;!■- 21-8 21-7 22 '0 Irllli. l.L'7:i l,o:io »17 1, :'!•(! (177 •J'.ll 13 ntriL 1,1^7 1,1. v; .-I'JO 2i«7 175 177 i'.IO lis 15(1 l.-,M IdU' 10,1 112 30 38 40 34 36 33 84-6 881 83-2 81'0 75'8 82'4 87'2 021 67-3 4:i-l ll-H 440 Kll 7 .-.3 3 220 l()0-2 , 104-3 54-4 I 5;i(i 20-1 I 22-4 II ! 13 inin. l,l.-.o 1,1 7(» l.L'll (ir,s mill. 1,.-.1L' 651 1,1.!3 1,513 l,.-iSi) 77s 7t;8 7S7 12" :i.",7 isl I.-. 7 111 111 44 30 8(;-7 78 7 88-6 4;i'6 104 C. iVJ 1 II, OlrW III II a t tllMI. l.JIIO il.-,8 517 1,11(7 i,5;t 25:i iiii; ii:t Id iii:; 30 30 8(il 77-0 76» 4:! 1 O'.is 54-4 21 1 11 null. i,:iij>i l.O'.d (ill'.l 1.1 '.'4 720 301 1(17 Mil lo.-i 1 I'll ! 4(1 31 14 mm. 1,107 16 nun 1,1(18 1,213 l,l'.is (i:, I (11(1 1,523 1,520 7'.iil 78.') 318 IS'J 1(1.-, Ill 141 Is S7-4 1(0 7 s;i:! 7s 7 730 72 ! 31'8 1(12 15:i 1"2 1.17 :io HI Oil 71-5 87-2 Hoy 415 43(1 430 lii:!'.i 11)1 5 103-4 52(1 53 1 ' B3-4 22-2 212 I 22 3 turn. 1,1: s i'Sl r,:ii 1,217 (IIII 2(13 171 153 05 121 38 33 80-5 7(11) 8()-(; 14 5 1011 530 •.';i(: , ' Si.sUT of No. 15. ' Si.Mer of No. 8. a P5 '^ li'27 480 118 S2 115 ;?2 27 [ Yorth- Wentfrn Tribes of Canada, 20 ; 2^ 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 'I 1 >> u a sa ^ 1 '6 1 ' i=^ i a 1 H a % f— t -^ rs t: •c •tS TS FT' '2 Tj ! •n ^ c c a a c a fl c « ^ii 5«5i! 5?^ ; >^2 °l c ^ -1 -1 Opq f r— *-' ■M *i id '^ £ S 11 S «« a % c9 rt rt c« f? 03 cd Cj ,*i t3 "Hn. -w ■4-> -p •4-J -4.J -J UJ 58 t3 60 y US :j 1^ 2 55 mm. (iO 65 65 70-75 75 nun. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. so;'," 8".>^7lu 1 ,41)2 1,555 1.(522 1,566 1,538 1,620 1,572 — 5'.»:5 -4 1,218 1.258 1,350 1,292 1,280 1.308 1,313 — :ii.'7 -i4 (;(>.3 (>S2 713 760 672 741 716 — 722 -24 1,510 ],(U0 1,745 1,707 1,552 — 1,672 1,.558 480 r>i;;5 75)0 830 81(5 808 797 843 815 793 — 21|i 17189 327 305 195 364 334 354 848 361 176 348 U'li; 177 188 191 182 185 188 us lf58 151 155 162 160 151 154 156 160 .s2 8117 110 1 130 118 124 121 130 130 117 iir, ]'^'43 139 149 153 150 148 143 146 153 :?2 3:53 , 53 55 47 55 51 56 62 57 27 2'40 41 85-3 40 41 43 38 40 38 88-6 43 Sf1-2 i 79-5 86-2 ! 83'8 i 83 83-2 85-1 7i:'. TCi-8 791 i 87-3 77-1 i 82-7 81-8 90-9 79-0 76-5 84-1 -4-9 1 77-4 72-7 87-2 78-2 745 71-4 61-3 75-4 407 44-5 1 440 440 48-4 43-7 45-7 45 6 — !»(il -30 1 1030 103 9 107-7 108-7 100-8 .— 1065 — 50-8 5T1.7 530 1 535 504 51-5 51-8 520 51-9 — — 2.T10 22-0 1 1 23-5 ! 225 21-3 230 21-5 23-0 — fi •other of Nc « Brother of No. 28. brother of »• I3rotlier of No. 24. r,://, /;.■/../•/. /,',■//. A^-nu:, \sx>.] 11. XlIiilj/ii'jiiiinuQ. II. I fiiiii/rt iif S/iii-i'.inn. I. .Males I). Vliiiiilt of S/iic.xiim mill I'/i/irr /)irlnloiii< mixed. Niiiii'ici' N.lMH' 1 .a § I 1(1 II 11. Kcniiili's 12 i;i It MiiloM 15 i 1(1 17 IH R c 't 3_ /. ,— ;ii U ■t' - 5. = r! - X ^ IT" t: ■/. - 'X i' ■^^ P-" "2 J c "5 r •3 •-3 - — i3 ■J. 1 s e _ 5 a a d 1 a 3 s >; .sj S N >j C 1 UJ j<{ a ^^ ■1. 1 ! 1 =? J2 >* y. ^ lit 1 :;! 22 ^ z', 23 24 s .» a ic ii ^ i z. 1 >, n ■JX It) f a 3 0- 0" Cf e2 N a a S 5 & m S 5" N ti. a D •* •7r-5' ■A -5" ^■^' ^ ■ " . "^ . — a *>-■ *;/'h ■^y. p2 ss ^ S - !i V.^ i'. ;: - * *■.; ;5 °a a § II n C<3 tj '= II.;-', t, ^tainliii;,' , II. ii.-l.t uf fiii-ul.Kr l.>-i,:;th of iiriii K!iiL'i'!-ri aril . Wl.lili (.f .-hiiiilcU-rs , t 1 1 ! "Z — ^ -•- f^ « S a , y- B y 2 y.B : ^^ -;ii ;5 r£ 2 li 5 " , = « 2S I c 5 mm. mm. mm. mm. l.ii'.M" l.l'^l l,2."i8" l,-'sil T^:! iiTi i.n-j:! 1.1 :!s ■111 r.n; ->•.';! (i:!(!.' l,IK!:i I.IDS ].-J'.'0 1,'JS,") l.in.'l"; ..f hiinl . Iliva.llli <.f li,.;i(l . Il.-i-hl of fii.'O r.i. .i.ltli iif f.ico llci:.'lil of IiO^L' lir.'.'M'i 11 of nose 1.' ::-ll,-l.lrll.llll ill'U'X l-'ari;il iniKx . N:i>.'il inili'x . C!i:i (144 225 2)0 1T3 IfiS 151 151 90 101 12-1 12s ;i7 12 20 35 fl'J.'l fi'.IH »i)l I'll , i 1715 170 117 151 KU il6 127 128 40 40 81 35 ll:!' \ m| arm . lii'ii'X "f tiii;ri'r-rf;ii'li lii'i'N of lii'i;.'ht, siilinn; lial. ■■: of ui.ltji of shoiiM. r; Hitit 7!<-'.l m:\ 42:» !I8'2 52- H 21G KC-O 711-5 85-S 750 4 IT. : 4!f7?; 4 DCM 100-4 ' 10 550 I'.l-i) 54-5 21-4 1 ttlUii ot Noo 16, 17, anil 18. » Mother of half-bloods Nob. 2, 4, and 18 10 ; broihi r of Nos. 17 and 18. * Son of No. 10 ; brother of No. f^ ^.Si ^ - - X -.'-* ^c - ::3 t - kc >'. ^ i^. C ■^. »: . y, - •^.9 c ^ 'r c ■t! i _£ - -li s B - ?; n i« inni. l,i"Jl '.171 r,H) l.ll).>< till 210 mm. l.'J.->H" I ,(v.':! r.L'3 1 .•-"-'0 I 251 12 mm, mm. mm. mm. I.'.'so i,:i7ii i,.!it:i i.i.MP l,i:i.>< 1,1 Ki 030 ?j 573 i.-.'sr. 151 117 101 101 lux r-'7 12 ! 40 35 I 81 WI'O 71)-5 77-5 I 8!l(t ! 78!» H:i-3 (1118 271 170 IGl iiG 128 40 35 i.:)'.t2 723 :!0.s 177 148-5 ion 130 42 35 l.o.->:! 1,1 so 5.-.1 1,2'.I2 707 2'.I0 .•|1I8 l.i:!2 77.*) 3 lit i:i-2 12 3 11-5 11I-7.' Ol!! !l8-2 l)(i-8 1001 5H-1 52-8 650 54-5 221 21G Hl-9 21-4 S.-.-8 1 8;V!) 7.rO 81-.". 875 1 83-3 lis 1010 52'8 22-5 180 150 103 130 43 35 83-3 7'.i:i 81-4 121 !I'J1 511 22-3 177 l,-)2 111 131 46 34 K5il .><|-7 7.V(i 12 mm. 1,2S8 1,022 i.;t-'i 711 I 2'.i:i 17.'i l.V! 101 I i;!5 i 45 i 35 i ; 87-1 71-s 13 15 S 18 I 21 c ' a ti c ~ 1, -- ;- _ i_ _ X. £ -A I y.l 25 31 36 80 Mini, iiini. mm. mm. mm. mm. iiiiii, ; mm. 38 mm. 4S 48 60 mm. I mm. I mm. a i = y. I 3 10 47 48 4it G a P M « « s 'A y z y i 'y.l 5c ? = x. £ y ~ a : e i ^ i ,_ i ^ -i ^ s 55 68 ram. mm. — l.,-i2r," l,(;i2 I,5s2 1.713 1.70S i.ci,'; i.hto l.(il)2 — 1.2i:i l.:!20 1.21iO 1.107 1.372 1.310 l.:is;i i.r.i l.c.U" i.i;;i.- i,.-50 1,177" i.i'.i2 I. :.."..". — i;s;i 728 720 rill 721 l..V"p:t 1,728 l,(ls:i l,7!Hl I.77:i 1,710 711 312 170 l.-,r, 112 13:; 17 33 321 ls2 l|N in; i:;ii 3S ,K'.l7 377 I. ''I l.-)S 117 1 12 5! I 311 8(12 380 1S3 ir.ii 122 I 111 '.105 ; !I3;! 408 407 18(1 15(1 120 I IS IS 38 11(1 Id.-. 121 1 IS 51 11 K71 384 11(0 llI.-> I 10 l.-l (12 31 72,-. 71.". — ,1.7111 873 iKi:; 3(13 :i77 is,-, I." 11(1 ISS l.-ll 120 I.- 1 1 l;M-.-. 50 3(1 10 1.32s 71" I.70-- >I7 :iH2 |s| nil 121 \\^ 1.3:12 l,2s,-, 1.211 1.21^ I.2.-.S 711 (im (KI (1113 (;s2 1.711(1 — l..->2l l..-|l(i l.illo 37; s|;! 381 7(m 311 111-8 Sl-:i S7-3 I 8(ri> 83-'.) 85-1 I 80-8 i 81-i) ' 830 sl-2 70 2 73 I S2-1 SMI 81-1 sl-s 112-7 77-3 711-5 73(1 (111-8 711-2 801 .518 72 d 727 112 11 1 ".18-8 102-0 1 63-4 55-4 220 22-7 1.V0 11-1 j 15(1 53(1 13-2 11 1 13-1 tl 1 1015 105-1 10(1-5 1050 103-7 101-3 — l(l|-2 31( 8!tl 81-8 75>0 1(15 ISO IKl j 18!l 1(11 1(10 1.'8 1 2f: 117 117 l.M I.M ll:t .-.I 17 :c. 10 10 10 7;i(l 177 I.-. I 1111 ! 311 5:f 11 85-2 i 83-8 83(1 85-3 77-9 7(1-0 81 -s 711-1 74-1 ; 8.5-1 7.V.- 77-1 s.-m ;i(15 ; r.c, i.-„-> 130 1 111 10 7H-5 00 mm. ! 1.(122 l.3.-,0 713 1.71.-, sid : 304 , Iss 1(12 11.8 1 ,-,3 17 II 8(V2 77 1 87 2 00 05 2 SO «3 "3 1 c - c y 2 •- '6 mm. mm. 1 .5(1(1 1 .538 ■ I- 63-8 ; 54-7 540 i 62-'.i 24-4 I 23!) KI iind IS. 51. ■'> 8on (,f No. 10; brntlipr of Nns. ;-atliri-i>f Nil. 20. " Kiitlici-of 1(1 nnit .\,,. 21 — I 21-2 230 17. '• Sun of Ncs. 31) 1,11(1 CO. 51(1 533 523, 5:M 23-8 23-4 21-7 , 22-3 ■\:<-i 11(1 11-11 II-.-, 1111 loii-i 107-3 - laid 1030 lomi 52(1 .52(1 511 51 7 , 53-0 53 5 22-5, 22'!1 . 2I(- 210 22 23-5 1,2S0 (172 1 .552 7117 , I 354 ISO I.M 121 118 51 38 830 Kl-8 745 13 7 100-8 51-8 22 5 21-3 23 1.2112 I.7II7 S( IS 331 im mo 121 l.-,o 55 13 83-8 82-7 7S-2 05 70-75 75 mm. ! mm. mm 1,(120 1,572 1.30: 8l:i 348 ls5 151 lliO 113 5(1 40 1.313 71(1 1.(172 81.-, 3(11 17(1 1 5il (,. 38 l,.-,,->8 7113 3 IS !(.'> 117 1 110 is 1 1077 lOS-7 50-1 51-5 83-2 ; 88-6 | noil 711-0 71 4 1 01-3 45-7 I 15 — ' 100 5 ,520 5111 21-5 i 23(1 85-1 7(1-5 75-4 • Son „f N... 12. (jiaiiil.-im 1,1' No. 12. lirotlier of No. 2S. '" Bi-uUiur of No. 21. 4( rm 1,2a l.ot Sf I ]f lOi / 21 76, '^'■^^^^ternTHhe,o/ Canada. 8 Ml msm m (u'l!, fifj.oii. llril. Js.w., ISO"). Nuiitbor. N.ir;;e . ■.1 r,2 Vpp''r V'liiid'f of' /ii"to)i liiir (iiui Xoiih /(>'«(/ (ooiitinueil). 11. FemiUea 11. yiliili/(i'/i"iiiua (fontinuec tl. VUtink't and Xt/aktfd/xunita^i'i- mii'vU, Ft'iiiales II S' S3 fi« I S7 «8 I r.ll j tiO I Gl j G2 I «:i j 04 I 05 I fiO , (17 | (is j fill ' 70 I 71 ' 72 I ill I 74 ] 7.-, \ Til 77 'i 78 | 70 , Ml I HI I »2 -l__l. y. 1 ■?. \ z 7 ;'. 7 .-, 7 >'. 7 X. 7 y \ V. 7 >; 7 >;. .7 v.~ V. -■ v^. 7 }. •; ;'. -7 >;. ~ y ~ z 7 .^.7 y. -, y -, y. 7 '.'. 7 ^ z ^ y. ^ (1 II Iit!i:l.t. -t;ir..lii-.sr . llnL-l.luf fhiuldur l.tiijitli >if arm Ka:>:t-r.rfath, , IIclvl;!, sitlilig Width of ihouWtra I.t'ttl. i.t haul . runcill) lif l.i'ail . Ii.:j:lit ,.f faci- l-i... I.:i4.- ,'.(1: |i:' in; l.M l.:ii;:i 1 n 71.". 7: 1.147 I l.l^.-. I.'JI7 I.'. i;r.' (i.-.i l^".l l.l.M 1..M2 l..>l ttl!I(. i.i;ii2 ii'rjt. niiti. Mill 1. .-.:!.«'- I..M1I" i,r,(i I. •_'.".:< l.:ii:i l.'J^" i.-.'^n' l.-Ji 710 I'.c'i'.i 1;; l..-.:;7 l.r,2l intti. Iiiin. l..-.nl i,.-.'.i;i '.'10 21;' l«l \i:<. in; I. -I II.-..- 127 12:1 II! 121. !i:t I2>- :(7 I.M 1 12 U'l In :i2t' 172 I J- .• II 7i;ii ■^\^^ 171 I.-.-, .-(I 1 '.'I' I 71 7 112 lull lll'l ll'l-7 f..'.(i ,^,:i 1 iM .•. 71 ^ '.'1 I 12:; :>:\ 7 4(1 ■. Ii7 I 1;; I 4:1 I 512 1 f wiilih of ►liniilrlrrs. 2:1 H 24 2 22K 22 (1 21 H 12:; ml I im II li'l 11 .',:;-2 .".1 11 ■■2 7 217) 21 >• 2:; (I H I II :; 11(111 .•.2 I 217 sii; 1^1 i,-,i-. 1 12 I II II .".I 77 :i I2.'. 2:11 ^:n ;i:(7 l''2 I. I'll 1:1 ,-i;i IMl l.-,i; ir.i 1 1 1'. .'•i;-7 si .•. I.M I I'.i il 17 :;4 is.-. l.-,ii 111'. 11:1 4x 117 I ::2i'. 1.2:17 i'.72 712 r,i'.;i l.,-.^:) I.i'..".2 l,.-.7ii s:!0 s7ii S2S :i:!i* 171; in; II" 1:11 41 ;i2 mill Mini. nini. nilii. inni. nun I..Mi> l.l«.-.'- I.4:;ii 1 -lii; li,-,,; 1. •,...:! 1.2:tll 1.2i'« 1.1711 i;i...|i l,'ji)._. |,.j|.-, I'll.-. i;2:; i;r.i i;'.i- l.|i;'.i i,i;,s:i inin. 1.(12(1' nun. II III. iiitii. inrii ' l.2:il'' I i.-.o-- l..".:i2- l..-.:;ii-- inni. 1 ..",;i.-j L.-ils l..-ill 7'.i;i Mil ;iiii .■111 :i:i2 ;i:i7 ni'.i 17:1 I7> 11-1 1 n; l.^x I.'.:; 1 n; 4 s :!:i sen KM s4l si 1 72 4 77 1 X2 \ K(i 4 «2-l i K4'7 727 ' (i«'H 4s :m ill:) Mi:i n I II 44 ir.i i:;l 44 34 :U.'i 344 i7i; iss l.-.l I.-.:; 1117 11(1 l::.-, I n; i;2:i i;.-.s i..-i;(i 7. -id 71*7 ;mi(i ;i;!2 777 I IKW 4 in ! fioi iui; i.:;iii 1.2.-, 4(;r» CSS t;,-, i.O'ji) i.2('ii I 1:11 i.i;iii I. .'.SI 48 :i:i ,'1(1 Is:; 1 1.-. 1114 i:;(', 4.-1 411 I7il 1 r.i Ills l:;r. 41; 12 scd ' so ; s| 1 sr.H si 4 7!i:t 7.". :i i;8s (;'J2 s.s'.i 111:1 DO I |s| llii I II s:i2 71. I 7!i2 .''iCil 2;t« ii;i 11:; VII I'.'ii 7.-rl) ',i;i 257 : li'iH 14.-i 1:11 ::i '.nil 71 II S7 2 ii:!:i 21:0 171 III 1 1 12 ll.s Id :;i S4 4 :):i,) 174 I. ■.2 121 i:;s 17 ;i2 Sl2 :!4s ls7 i.-,i; 1211 I 17 4.-1 :;i s:i I SI 1; i;.m; l..-,2."i s2i; :i:i2 75 , I'lH 1 is'.l 1 17 Ills III r.(i 111 71; 1; Mill nun. tiini. I. .-.Ill l.(i:i;)i l.2,-.:i su- ns 1 III l..-isii i.ii(i:i 11 7si; 1112 ! :!i:i 226 i 1114 i-.ii 11:1 I '2(1 117 2h l..'i .-(I 114 S4-S 77 7 llsd Ol'S i t 77-5 I 75-7 ! 44H 44 s 4;i-7 42-7 42 I IUI 2 1(12 5 1111:1 1(15 5 lu:('.i lu2i; lliu7 54 2 55 1 .IS'l I 55:1 54 7 54 1 52 '.1 211 I 22'2 ! 22'4 I 22 5 I'.m 22:1 2211 12:1 4:111 4774 41': 54 2 21 ;i 4:i;i 44'B i 4S-I ! 43'a 112 I 1(12 7 lu7 2 IU2 I'. 51 ;i 75 I 511 (I 51 s ' 52' I 22 s 2211 21 ".I llln I 21-8 i 40-B I 40-7 I 40 4 I 43-a I 43 d ' 1(410 I 117 II i !'8 « 101 3 I 103 3 5.1(1 I f,4 j nCO 53-1 I C3-1 231 1 20 1) ! 231 ! 211 ' 22 7 12 15 43 11 4H'2 I '.111 11 1111 II 1(100 ,'-.(17 , 40-4 I 20'2 i! 21 'U I 5:iii 2 11; (•....Ijl.iiT i.f N.J i;u: sister nf Su. 31. i> Iliinjditer i.t Nu, HI , aUur uf .N.i. 55. 1- Uiiiitjlitcr of No. lil ; sistrr of Su. 64. ■ 111 iiii^i r r..f Noa- hd an'l 111. Mftii r f Nof. 75 and 7ij. " Molhur nt Nn. *3. ■* Mother of No?. 7.5, 70, and 78. .Miillieruf No. 24. >' .Motlur nf N..» 51. 55. '" Si.h of Nos. IIMaml 1:1(1; l.iolh.rof No Kill. " I'.itlici ..f N,.s. s !• Hi.'lvr of .So. (11. ■•■" ,si-lir ..f Nii. H •I Snii ..f N'.is 75 and In; (pliirrd liv mi-taki ml 1:111. I" h'rtihcn.f \.i> si'. ;in.| Vl: Li in 111 ilii.i 1 -I Iliiiiniilur •^ ^rrniifil. 4 No, 1112, ■i 1 1. Xllidyd'/i'iiniiq (continueil). ■yi/iiii/d/mmiig'oe mired. [iVbiV/i- IlWci'/i Tr then 0/ Canada. 8 e. Ntlakyapamuit'o'e. 82 83 84 4 - •X 80 6(i .■*7 88 u B a k> T^ S 3 £ E ^ r- ■-s ^ ■r F to X i^ i" 'i* i §■ 0" 3 A a a S i s S, .1 ^' 89 i !)0 i 91 I 112 9» 94 7-8 iiiMi. jiini nun mill. mill. mm. ' mm. mm. ■.iii"M,,-,;io»i,r,;).v' i.riiii l.ii:):i"',i,io;i"i l.ir,:! i,jio"m.ij8 mm. mm. l,:iii3 i.L'i;? ~ c ^ ^ ie •1 (8 ■^ s X r^ 1 rt — ' S 'S! 1 H 111 lli 18 L'll y .4) ,; C o* O" g rt S- rt rt .< r. 22 22 I. Mnlea il7 I !W 09 I()0 .^ 101 nil 105 ;w l.'.'TL' 111 l.:uo '■) iWs (;.",7 (,,-.i; :i l.iilo I. .■.-11 I,.-,:',-, !:< SI I :i:i.". IL'I i::s IT ■•i-j l,-,i; l:;ii I 17 •I.'. :'.| s:,'i; :i;i:' l^'.i 1 17 III Mil in .L'.Vl si;! iM III ..'Ml l.nii;! Tm-i I'.lL' S40 17:; l.|n:i i;iii ■.111 !IC 1:''.' I7il -,()■■ l.l".l I.L'liI i,i.-,i mill. Mini. ' inni. miii. inni. mm. : mm. mm. ' mm. ' nun 1,^711" l.rjK;t l.iiw; 1. 7117" l.7;!ii l.ii'il ' l.ilcs l,i;7l)" l,7iiii l.i'.s'i >(f< 1,(117 i.iiiL' ,:.oi7 i,::ii:i i.:i'.iii i.:;;w i,4i«i i,;)7ii | i.i(i2 i.:;si i.iui; i.;;'.i; 47f> 4i;:' 11".', 7i;o 7:;h 77."> ; 7:i;i 1 77-.' 717 7^4 77i :ii:i 17^ n;i ir.ii 11:1 pjii :(7 .-•7 :i s:; 1 77> "7 7 I SI 11 7(1G 081 I 760 800 14 I 4:1:1 : 4:111 I'Ji; ill 101 ;i 111:1:1 wi\ lO ra-i i;:ii i-:iii ■1 I 211 I 52 7 2111 •" .>|.lii' ,.f Nil. Ill' Ms 77 7 llMI 4:111 !i.".S 7"iS SI 1 1:1:' S'.i.J 74 s s:i s 1:1 1 tiifj 117 i.'U ;m :iL' Hi 9 710 111 1 mill 2(1K 170 141 !I4 1 I'll 40 ;;•! 830 I 74 (i ' l,:ii:) i.L'iit; •2M 27:1 177 1 182 1C4 14» I I l.iliiil l.Tl'O l,7.".l 1,S22 l,74(i 102 1:14 37 39 870 711 1 Slid lO.-.O 1U2 127 40 33 "80 son 71 7 ll'l '•' IIKMI llllKI 10(1(1 fill 7 1:1 4 , fiC'R I fi37 2(12 21 !i 22 6 224 :i!i4 I 44-4 j 42'7 ' 42-1 iiiiri loi-K loin 1000 i"i7 2 .iDi r.r2 fi4 1 21 r, 23 7 ■ 219 : 21 5 I 111:1 27:1 IM l.-.l I112 liii i:i :il 87 3 : 7:1 1 7-.' 1 :iii ( 4-:i 21.-1 s(i:i 339 177 l.-.ii 11. -1 1:17 sllll 71 (1 434 '.'111 358 isl I ,V,l 122 I 1:: 4> sil I s.-, :i 77 I 417 892 j 37B 893 393 1.7S3 il.7ilO l.ssll 1.770 878 I 841 384 I 381 IS7 1811 192 192 ISO 1 Is 1(11 TlK mil 137 ll'.i IIS 121 125 127 1:17 ir.n U.l 148 144 7ill ,■(1 ■il r.n 30 :i2 :{s .•1:1 :i(i :is 7:'i Slid s2:i Sll! si 4 »»ii '.1 771 S4ll s4 ,■. SS'2 111 II 7H'(i (14 7 72 7il(t S(ll 398 1211 1111 41 ss2 370 ISI l.-.l lis I 17 31 45 47 mm. ' mm. mm. l.dlW l.(i,-i2 l.dls"' e a. S mm. 1.347' 55 ! Ry nun. I.(:2'i mm. 1.312 1,3IS 1.37(1 1,313 1.2:1s l.:i3:i l.'2'jn 723 737 710 (177 711 (I'.'l 1,(1!I0 1,733 1.(12:1 l.ills 1.112:1 8113 1 S17 SI'.I sii:i S(17 s;n. 133. " Son ..f N„. lOO ; brf.hor of Xn 92. "' (Iriin.U™ of No. 1 10. » Son of N 1 ; l.roU.iM uf No. SO. ^'^ *• I ■'- 1 I'filiii "t No. 102, caihu (ii N.'h, 73, 70. hikI 78 •■ lu,l„.i of No 13:i, Diin^'li Kiitlii' 179 1 30 119 i:i:i 3'* :i9 ; 83-8 86-0 75-0 40 los-i 111 of N r...f N... 68 mm. 1,001 l,:il7 703 l,il'.lll .■"Oil 311 1S3 13:1 Hit 82-; 44 I 1(13-0 302 21-3 100 107 1 g 5 M CL M ? S Ct « S Ch ■« .; C 0- O' g S c. a ^ 'A m 68 mm. 68 mm. 1,023"' 1,003 j 1,370 1,312 ! 710 091 1,1172 1,0311 s2s SIS i :1S3 33S , ISO 1S7 MS 130 llli 110 119 140 50 62 42 33 7D0 80-2 73-8 79-5 84-0 07-3 108 109 111 112 113 I 114 la ■^ a. 4:i-s 43S BO ; mm. 1,0:16 i,:mi 711 1,712 S42 34S 191 14S 117 144 53 40 77-5 81 2 76-S 43 BO I mm. 1,347 1.27:1 701 l.ills si:t I '.10 131 1 23 1 I- 06 mm. mm. S '» H a ?. i 5. 03 nini. 1.341 l,043'i 1,543 I. '290 — 707 I - l.illO 1,093 79:1 S78 :i03 :is;i 1 1,287 I 09:1 j I,0ii5 I 7S3 311 r.i7 133 r.'s 1 17 111 39 S7-1 03 !l 1S» I ISO 168 I 140 i 120 1:1:1 5;i ^ 3s sri 803 014 113 134 4S 42 sll-ll 74 7 _« a Z 1 fio 06 mm. I,(ls4 mm. 1,041'- 1.11:1 l.:i2s 7i;(i 7(11 1.713 1.713 sso S70 :i(i3 372 ls:i 1:10 j l.-)ii 140 1 1211 r.'3 : 1 I'- 113 ll 13 sl-1 7s s 80 2 80 5 I 43 2 43:1 — I(i3-J 1033 IO(l-:i 1110:1 10111 103-2 31-1 31-1 317 323 31-3 33 3 23-8 . 2:1 21-3 21 2 23 7 2:i 4 46-0 I 46-6 I 42'9 104 2 lo:i-9 104 4 ■ ,3ll-S 32 1 3:11 ; 222 21 7 22 7 1 SO 120. and III : »i>li'i- of No, 7 " ralliL-r if No. i.i. aid 7' ■■' l>iiii).'lil('i- of No. 140 Diolliir ol N". 100, \' e. Ntla tmales i3 I 131 o '•J i ^ k. d ^ A tfl 4J !i 5z; !8 30 ra. mm. 075. 1,570 50 1,295 44 678 23 1,604 9t 827 43 362 83 188 53 147 10 117 'M 134 45 49 33 34 13 -6 78-2 '9-7 87-3 '3-3 694 26 43-2 )I0 102-2 )2-6 527 52-7 231 0. 96 •of! ^0. 85 •7 Son 111 North- Western Tribes oj Camiffa. 9 e. Ntlaipamu ,(toe a nd upper Tribes m ixed. iinal :? i es II. Feraal< =!S 134 157 15S 159 160 161 1 1 162 163 164 165 166 9 i 1 3 i [ 1 1 be S 3 ;i 1 N 1 'a. M ■r. 3 \4 .id 'i a Ui 1 3 3* ,« bo a :0 52; „K. fcD c -^ '-' a iti a, I" ^ . Em 1 ll fa C -(J £9 "? i 3 1 9 bo 3 >» S 1 j 1 rn. 30 8 17 mm. 19 mm. 29 mm. 30 mm. 33 mm. 37 37 39 40 mm. nam. mm. mm. ram. mm. 07" 1,570».155"' 1,533" 1,550" 1,422 1,534" 1,510" 1,556 1,558 1,540" 1,573 '« 50 1,295 _ 1,224 1,295 1,190 1,280 — 1,292 1,270 1,270 1,281 44 678 _ 650 580 663 650 665 658 683 689 23 1,604 .186 1,547 1,606 1,558 1,570 1,540 1,620 1,578 1,588 1,638 94 827 _ 792 817 764 794 — 820 837 837 839 43 83 362 253 188 172 338 336 321 322 335 174 336 350 343 371 179 178 171 173 172 180 181 178 53 147 147 146 150 146 148 148 146 149 152 152 10 117 93 112 111 108 111 119 113 122 114 110 38 134 121 134 138 133 134 j 141 133 138 143 144 45 49 39 49 39 47 44 47 49 50 46 45 33 13-6 34 31 78-2 85-5 36 816 33 36 85-4 32 85-8 34 35 84-9 1 ^7 1 36 33 84-3 851 82-8 84-0 85-4 '»•: 87-3 76 !> 836 80-5 81-2 82-9 84-4 j 850 88-4 791 76-4 3-3 2-6 694 795 73 5 84-6 76-6 467 72-7 t 72-4 71-4 74-0 78-3 73-3 432 _ 42-5 461 42'5 1 — 42-6 42-3 44-3 43-9 )10 1022 102-2 1011 1036 109-7 10?-6 102-7 1038 101-2 103-1 104-3 >26 52-7 _ 518 52-7 53-8 51-1^ — 526 63-7 54-4 53-4 527 231 21-8 22 1 21-7 226 21.1 22-2 215 22-4 233 1 23-6 0. 5)6 143 ; sister of No. 129. *■ G rand- daughter of No. I(j6; sister •of iin. 85, Gran dmother of Nos. 126 and 129 «' Grandmother of No. 89 ; •7 Son tiff No. 152. '" Mother of No. 119. '♦ Mother of No. 1G7. d C5«A Report, Brit. Asgoc, 1895.] Number. Name Tribe Age Height, standing . Height of shouliler Length of arm Finger-ri'ach . Height, fitting Width of -shoulders Lengtli of head Breadth of head Heiirtit of face Bro:i(ltli of face Height of nose Breadth of nose II. I males 116 S 1 116 117 _« •*.! 2 9 a E es Ji 118 119 120 a •c d o 121 ^ 122 I 12:) a I K 3 a c« O, >. I 3 s 10 'A a a Length-breadth index Facial index . Nasal index . lu'le.x of arm . '-iidcx of linger-rracli Index of height, sitting liidex of width of shoulders (Iraiid-daiighter of No. of No. 1 If) ; twin sist daughter of No l.ll. " SiVti'V of No. l">.x. mm. 870 mm. I O I 5 i B is 121 125 120 10 11 a 12 13 mm. I mm. 1.08t;"1.0B.i",l,29O"l,2!t.i" 1,202'' l,3l'7'« 1,136" 1,450 s 13 127 128 ^ b 3 ■^ O '9 3 16 a. ^ >t >. i§ 1 ?. 55 16 mm. 16 s. ;<5 18 1,460 ,l,177'"ll,580»' 1,016 :l,012 534 I 549 1,277 ;1,2H5 665 '■ 688 271 I 298 ,1,046 ;1.150 ;i,222 1,1S3 ^ 1,224 il,21.-) :i,285 176 149 97 125 .57 34 166 148 97 123 40 34 560 1,300 694 261 173 146 104 124 , 41 , 31 I 563 1,377 763 293 169 144 102 128 42 33 63!) 1,472 1,500 765 777 318 i 282 619 •■ 662 i 650 i 715 1,514 1,507 !l,670 175 143 107 131 45 33 84-3 764 80 6 99 4 580 833 83' 8 84 7 89-2 83-8 85-2 : 75-4 764 77'6 78-9 839 79-7 763 763 919 850 756 78-6 j 41 i 411 414 42 6 434 40-2 ' 1000 1000 990 996 1(08 98-4 1 55 3 P4 9 51-6 53-3 53-8 54-5 1 23 8 223 210 2.31 202 20 9 1 81-7 79-9 73 3 414 1022 531 173 1.52 105 134 46 36 87-9 78-3 78-3 44 8 103-4 53 6 22 1 ! 19-5 703 314 177 150 100 12^ 42 36 84-7 781 85 7 45-3 1058 48-2 215 758 .308 178 144 107 131 40 32 809 81-7 800 43-9 101-8 51 2 20-8 806 364 170 1.51 107 135 39 37 129 l.SO 9 3 a a IS !>> M 18 mm. '■ mm. 1,.'>07" 1,543" 1,313" 1.270 1.2ti6 'l,105 6.")0 683 I 552 1,518 1,601 1,300 803 '< 793 I 722 330 ' 348 ; 284 a, ■is o if c '9 3 a t ■B 2 131 .-3 132 18 I mm. I,522»' 1,217 647 1,586 805 335 11. Ntlakya' pamun (continue e. Ktlakyapmmm'o'e (continued). 131 5 i 173 141 105 134 42 35 168 148 106 133 46 35 166 I 183 1.50 147 88-8 79-3 94-9 45-2 105-7 51-0 230 83-2 ; 88-1 78-3 ' 79 7 83-3 I 761 430 j 44-4 100-5 j 104-2 53-2 \ 51-5 21-9 I 226 98 132 35 33 90-4 74 2 94-3 41-2 970 53-9 21-2 103 134 44 31 808 76-9 70-6 42 6 104-3 53-0 220 19 mm. 1,588 1,301 691 l,6(i:l 810 I 350 I m| 151 I 113 i I 135 I 52 '■ 35 \ 87-8 ! 83-7 i 67-3 I 43-5 ! 104 3 i 50-9 ! 22 i a 19 mm. 1,582 18 m Ti. 1,5)7 1,326 716 1,619 1 836 ^ 357 i 179 155 119 146 46 37 86*; 81-5 80-4 1,2)0 1,295 45 :; 2-6 102-5 li 52-9 22-6 I 06 • slater of Nos. 125 and 127. " 5i.sterof No. 1 18. » Hister of No. 117. r of No. 125. " Sister of No 122. " Sister of No. 12t>. " Daughter •• Moihcr of No. 139. " Mother of No. 146; great-grandmother of No. '• Mother of Nos. 152 .ind 159. " Daughter of No. 161. " Daughter of N of Nos. 103 and 136 ; sisier of .No 82. '" Siste 89. " Son of No. 166 ; Virotlier of No, 159. a a 30 1.3S a o 9 a S 2, 30 136 137 138 1.39 ! ■P rf -a .a be He's 1 9 3 9 a a Si \ 1 140 mm. mm. "1,570": 1,521 o 9 3 a a a. CIS K 32 o '9 a. o a a M S 35 36 '9 3 a si O. ! '2 40 40 mm. mm. mm. mm. I mm. 1,548" 1,.505 1,623*» l,490«V,56r !3 j 678 1,604 j 827 362 j 188 i 147 117 131 I 49 31 1,248 1 1,258 674 j 674 — 1 1,665 1,227 1,332 !l,238 11,292 7!)- 6 , 78-2 7 I 87-3 3 ! 69-4 2-6 :2-7 432 102-2 52-7 231 793 812 331 340 182 174 145 144 117 lOS 137 137 46 42 j 36 31 79-7 82-8 75-4 78-8 78-3 73-8 443 43-5 — 1010 52-2 52-4 21-8 21-9 682 1,605 777 329 718 I 6.50 1,655 1,477 868 ; 803 345 .301 661 1,.586 802 336 45 2 44-3 106 3 ' 103 2 51-3 I 53-6 21-8 i 21-3 . 96. *" Daughter of No. 134. of No. 85. " Mother of 121. " Hon of No. 114. •» Son of No. •» Si.«ter of " Motlier of 1 56. •' 11. Ntlakya'pamna (continueti). t«'o'e (continued). Korth-Weslern Tribes oj Cutiwhi. f. XtlahjajiamnuO'e and Ui)p''r Tribes mixeJ. 136 137 13S 139 o i 3' 'rt d a' o 3 ! 1 Ntlqut a 140 1 141 142 i 143 144 o 32 o a a. -A 35 3t> o ■s a. •A M a •v !> h c u 2 ■s. ;: S 1 ^ =: u 'Ji ^ >« '■? .V •CJ o 'O" 'h a B a S c §, g. S 3 CQ a rt j; J< M j^ ^ « J3 II,-. 3 •J 146 147 1 1 o ^ a -■ y tc E- ^ T -fl , = Z; T ^-?. w .'^ is 9> 40 40 55 46 mm. mm. mm. mm. | ram. > mm. 1,548" 1,505 l,62;t»" 1,4!)0"» 1,561" 1,537 l,2,W ; 1,227 1,332 !l,23S 1,292 52 - I mm. I 1,4S7 "A 63 mm. 1,552' 55 mm. 1,514 68 60 mm. I,4!t,s mm, 1.451'" 674 1,565 812 340 0X2 1,605 718 I 6,50 1,6,55 ' 1,477 -!- mm, I mm. 1,470 1,428" 1,220 'l.ICS 633 ; 632 60 60 75 U 777 868 803 802 329 3(5 301 336 179 178 181 182 1 140 148 141 146 ' 119 113 113 112 130 1,39 127 142 . mm. mm, , mm, ! mm. 1,537 1,5112 :1,423'» 1,3:I0'"' 1,283 1,170 KO^ij 6>0 616 1,5!I0 1,4 m 825 717 337 ! 313 13 ram. 1,440"- 40 mm. I,.5!t4 42 mm. l,54o« — 5 ^3 'Jl 70 3 O i» s.- ^•'tS ~§ ^ r ^ a. >? ■J. -^■!l •s. ^ 8 17 I S 3 O -i 19 ^ 29 4) be 1= ?, a art 30 33 37 37 I mm. : mm. ! mm. mm. mra. ' ram. 1.1,>5"> 1,533" 1,5.50" 1,422 1,,534" 1,510' 1295 mm, l,5,-)6 mm. 1,.5.58 53 45 I 35 174 144 I OS 137 42 31 82'8 78-8 73'8 43-6 1010 524 21-9 Iter of No. 134. « Sister of No, 128, Mothia- of 121. »" iMotlu'r (jf Nos. H2 and 130. •" Son of No, 156. «• FuthcT of No. 1 F. Lytton Speiice's Bridge 3 S 39 40 mm. mm 1.540" 1,573" 1,270 1,281 fi«3 689 1,588 1,638 837 839 343 371 181 178 152 152 114 110 143 144 46 45 36 33 84-0 79-1 78-3 85-4 76-4 73-3 42-6 423 44-3 , 103 8 101-2 103-1 1 526 53 7 54-4 ! 215 22-4 22 3 4,3-9 104-3 53-4 23-6 Grand-daiiphtpr of No ]06; sister of No, " Mother of liiilf-hlood No 17, 55. "> Dauglrer of No. 162- 116 ; twin sister of No. 127. '" Pioicliter of N' . I I.'*. " .Sister of No. .65 ' " Or.-iiirl-daii^hter of No. 143 ; sister of No. 129. '-' Grand dauphler of No. l( 6; siKtcr "' niiiitrliti-r of No. 77. "' Oranclniotlier of Vos. 126 and 129. "' Grandmotlier of No. Hi); Uuuj^liiei ol No. 160; sister of No. 152. '^ Jlollicr of No. ll'.P. ' Motiici of No. 157. '^^"^S \ 1 ( i I " I. )87 s i b 1 ] » ] ) ) 8 2 7( 7 7J 8 2 2 .^ « Bro . 186, J 1. Xt/akya' [North- Western Tribes of Canada, 10 itcinKviuQ mixed toith Shusivap and Okanngait, 1 tales II. Females ._._.. 185 M 202 203 204 205 206 1 207 208 ■tn 1 823 1,327 893 1,273 1,297 1,324 1,297 1,178 t 425 719 493 662 707 687 678 636 1 i — 1,083 1,648 1,113 1,571 1,680 1 ,635 1,575 1,490 i 1 I 536 832 616 801 853 837 840 726 i 189 250 194 337 229 328 355 325 172 333 321 1 1 177 ' 178 ( 187 i 167 183 191 ! 158 150 156 ; 143 144 147 147 162 1 150 i 1 t 101 14 107 92 121 112 113 no 102 • t 144 M7 151 : 122 136 139 135 140 143 > 52 53 66 38 47 49 n 43 48 ) 41 40 87-3 42 29 37 78-7 ; 36 34 85-5 ! 35 1 37 ! 1 i 83-6 1 83-4 1 85-6 77-0 1 85-9 84-3 2 701 77 6 i 70-9 i| 75-4 890 , 806 83-7 1 84'6 71-3 7 78-8 85-5 45-3 1 750 ,i 763 45-0 n 44 8 78'7 43-3 73-5 i 66-7 814 : 7rl i 1 i 5 1 44-2 j 42 7 43-5 44-8 ! 8 — 95-2 ; 1030 1 JOl-2 102-7 1050 ! 101-6 ! 101 104-9 2 — 52-3 520 560 524 53-3 j 620 ; 53-8 1 51 1 2 — 219 211 20 8 21-4 1 22-2 : 20-2 21-3 ; 22-6 »" Brother of . 186, and of i. "« Father of No. 167. Father of No. 188. n:./// rifjiort, Hfit. Am>i'., 180").] g. Nkamtci'iiKinufi. 11. Ntlakyii'pnuiun (con I. Males — — ^- Niinibr 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 B 3 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 N';ime . . , , . . J*. '3 1 M e ''A o •A a. t2 a 1 Si 'S a 1 'S a Si H 1 •1 2 1 a o o o 4^ a 'A 1 1 't H 'ti •3 1 c 'it H r 1 S 3 s s a % 1 s a S a a ? a H s a . Hoi,!,'ht of shoulder 884 1,569 1,369 1,413 1,338 1,296 1,300 1,372 1,348 1,228 1,350 1,400 1,384 1,362 1,353 1,341 — 1,246 860 887 1, I.cn.Lrth of arm 471 836 756 779 738 711 707 749 715 689 707 777 7i9 770 751 764 — 686 439 464 Finf:ur-reach .... 1,146 1,865 1,768 1,828 1,720 — 1,660 1,708 1,686 1,601 1,662 1.830 1,685 1,810 1,774 1,724 — 1,614 1,032 1,075 1, HfJL'lit. sitting 600 926 887 898 878 823 833 842 864 810 842 876 862 834 874 827 — ITA — 593 613 Width of shoulders : 265 i 408 385 392 410 363 374 382 371 369 343 181 393 333 371 380 362 — 341 — 226 268 I.eiigth of head . j 173 202 187 195 191 186 190 179 187 197 190 181 187 198 186 186 188 189 161 162 Breadth of head . ' 154 162 163 160 161 155 161 163 163 158 148 160 152 161 161 158 161 156 158 138 151 Ht i^'ht of face 90 135 118 131 124 110 116 129 120 125 111 128 116 122 118 119 123 116 101 90 113 ISrciidth of face 124 161 151 149 148 143 144 143 147 165 140 148 146 148 145 J46 150 149 144 116 126 Height of nose 38 55 61 53 60 48 62 66 62 63 62 65 49 54 48 60 50 55 52 i 37 42 Breadth of nose . 33 41 38 36 35 40 38 796 36 37 41 41 36 40 38 36 38 45 40 41 31 86-0 30 Length-breadth index , 890 80-2 81-8 821 84-3- 833 86-5 81-8 80-2 818 78-9 840 80-7 763 85-4 86-6 83-0 83-6 ! 932 1 Facial index .... 72-6 89-4 78-1 87 9 83-8 769 80-6 90-2 81-6 80-6 86-4 86-5 79-3 82-4 81-4 81-5 820 77-2 70-1 77-6 89-7 1 Nasal index .... 86-8 74-5 45-2 74-5 67-9 45'3 700 83-3 731 62-6 71-2 77-4 78-8 656 81-6 70-4 760 63 3 900 72-7 78-8 83-8 1 71-4 1 Index of arm. 41-7 45-3 44-7 445 45'3 45-4 43-1 46-6 43-9 46-7 43-9 46-4 45-2 47-7 — 44-5 41-8 41-8 Index of finger-reach . 101-3 1003 1069 1063 1042 — 1064 103-5 101-5 1010 103-2 107-6 101-6 1091 106-9 107-8 — 104-8 — 98-3 ! 96-9 h Index of height, sitf,'>; 631 501 531 52-2 53-2 61-4 634 51-0 620 63-6 62-3 61-5 61-9 60-2 52-7 51-7 — 60-2 56-5 65-2 ' Index of width of sbs/Uiders . 23P 22 1 231 22-8 24-8 22-7 24-0 23-2 223 24-4 21 3 23 1 20-1 22-3 22-9 226 — 22-2 — 21-4 23-2 " SOD of Nos. 179 and 207. '» Bret ber of I ^0. 170 " Son of No. 19 7; brot her of 1 *o. 175 80 Brothe rof Nc ). 168. SI Brother of Nc ». 173. 82 Brother of No. 172. •• Daug 'hter of No. 19 2. •• Dau gbi er f No. I 78 •0 Da ughter of No. 184. »« Mother of No. 186, and of half-blood No 11. Nllakyu'pmnnu (ooiitiiiUfd). [ North- Wesln-n Tribes of Caum/a. 1 h. A^kaintcl'nuiiiUQ iniced with Hhuitwnp and Oknnatimi, 1' i, 11. Females 1 I, Mnlcs II. Females 1 84 185 j 186 j i ! 6 u 9 9 B '3 187 ,g i it 1 H ? s M 2 188 IHtf 190 191 1 1 192 1!»3 194 1 195 196 197 198 t 199 200 201 c K 9 '■/. 202 : 21 »3 201 20.-) 206 •.'(*- 21 IH 3 1 § J* § :3 a 1 1 1 1 > 3 a i ^ ; o OS rt J4 & 3 a a 1 i jt t 3 3 1 1 N 9 a a u n a >5 1 i ! 1 i 1 i ! ! 1 1 1S ? 1 9 9 3 ^ a §§ i §1 CO CO JS a la 5- ! i 1 to 1 a % S 9 a 9 1 a O a 25 a H 'S a 9 a a a 'b a 9 a a a "1 1 1 9 3 a a a '3 ■*-» 'A 1 1 i a ■3 a a 's a id ? 1 a H 2 ' 1 f I a ' ^a 1 1 ' a c a t:"3 5 si li . .a: 'j^y, 9 9 °> 9 ^ 9 ii sli^ii 1% Ec 3 i§3 1 9 9^ ili 111 iii, ill 5 mm. ^g s i <, JS. 5m -»'?! U, ?. -»• 75 95 1 6 16 17 mm. 19 32 35 37 40 48 52 60 mm. 68 70 48 60 76 |i 6 1 26 50 50 53 65 nm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. !i mm. j mm. mm. mm. ; mm. mm 540 »' — 1,040"" 1,108 «" 1,566 "» 1,642 I,6i2 1,576 l,555»i 1,590 1,605 1,543 1,520 1,470'" 1,477" 1,516 1.718 1,604 1,600 ji 1,101 j 1,533 1,602 i 1,611 |l,5(i2'" 1,4'M 24(i — i 850 887 1,274 1,363 1,.S03 1,307 1 ,295 1,314 1,300 1,265 1,272 1,204 L225 1,238 1.383 1,323 1.327 893 1,273 1,297 ' 1,324 1,297 1,178 1 ;86 439 464 683 766 705 685 688 687 720 679 642 669 655 702 f 758 725 719 493 662 707 687 678 636 . S14 1,032 1,075 1,565 1,693 1,647 1,630 1,586 1,680 1,688 1,673 1,560 1,571 1,510 1,593 ' 1,798 1,683 1,648 ,1,113 ; 1,571 1,680 l,r,:!.5 1.575 1.490 r78 — 693 613 819 823 857 818 793 846 832 789 780 754 716 788 900 836 832 1 616 1 801 8.'.3 8H7 810 726 $41 188 — 225 258 354 373 329 332 347 371 355 323 ..13 312 327 323 1 388 11 35(1 194 337 j 229 328 355 325 333 321 1 , 17l' 177 ' 17H ' 189 161 162 184 185 174 178 189 180 U8 183 179 186 179 180 i 187 187 'i 167 1H3 191 ISC 158 138 151 154 149 148 148 144 153 144 145 , 148 148 142 143 150 150 156 143 144 U7 147 l.'i-' 150 , L15 101 90 113 118 118 119 110 114 110 117 109 ! 116 108 115 98 114 114 107 92 121 112 113 110 102 I4{t 144 116 126 136 140 135 134 136 145 138 133 i 135 140 135 138 ' 146 \ 147 151 rJ2 136 139 13.-> nn 1(3 66 52 37 42 45 47 47 47 49 49 55 50 I 50 46 i 64 48 i 48 53 ' 56 38 47 49 ."I 43 4ft ; 40 41 31 800 30 35 34 36 39 40 76-2 39 85-0 30 80-9 40 \ 40 36 1 ! 40 45 i 38 ; 80 2 40 i 77-3 42 29 37 \ 83-4 85-6 ; 78-7 36 34 .36 37 ! .„| 530 83-6 932 83-7 80-5 85-1 831 79-2 82-7 ! 79-6 793 79-7 77-0 85-5 85-9 84-3 j 77-2 701 77-6 89-7 86-8 908 88-1 821 83-8 75-9 84-8 i 82-0 859 83- 1 85-2 710 ■ 78-1 i 7T'6 70-9 75-4 I 89-0 80-6 83-7 M4 6 71 3 ' 14-5 78-8 83-8 714 77-3 72-4 766 830 81-6 44-1 79-6 54-5 80-0 i 800 1 78-3 45 5 I 741 9.1-f- 1 79-2 ! 75-5 ; 76-0 ; 763 | 78-7 4."v0 44 8 1 43-3 73-5 66-7 42 7 81-4 77 1 ; 1 41 '8 ; 41-8 43-8 461 43-8 43-4 43-2 45-0 j 44-1 42-2 44-3 46-2 44-1 1 45-3 44-2 43-5 U-.s ■ )4-8 i _ ! 983 ! 96-9 1000 103-2 102'3 103-2 , 101-6 105-7 106-5 |102 1 102-0 106-9 ' 1020 104-8 104 5 10V2 1030 101-2 102-7 ,105-0 101 -() 1010 104-9 )0-2 565 55-2 52-5 60-2 53-2 51-8 50-8 53-2 52 51-3 51-3 51-3 i 48-4 51 8 1 ,52-3 52-3 52-0 5(;0 52-4 i 53-3 52-0 53-8 51-1 J2-2 — 214 23-2 22-7 22'7 20-4 21-0 22 2 23-3 22-2 21-0 22-6 1 21-2 1 22-1 21 3 1 22-6 21 9 211 ; 20 8 21-4 , 22-2 20-2 21-3 22-i No. 167. '■' FatI.ei- of .No. IHH. \ \ 3 3 q y '■4 3 i ?* h,i 85-7 79-9 71-7 457 106-8 54-8 23 yfiih usw L. [y^orfJi- Wenlci'H Ti'lbes of Cinutda. 1 1 13a. llalj'-Uuod 13. Oknnayan. Okayiagan. oiualea 1 ult'S il 1 8 r -" I: 13 (B , a O 1 1. Male I II. FeiualoH Males - 22 a "S a 23 < |I3 2'25 9 a s 03 B •c 6 10 a 2 1 ;2i 2 ■1 h •f-t 1-9 3 1 2 \ ■■' a -J D u H • J ) 11 '0 13 a •s o > 1 a a o a o is 13 { as^'N « o i a k (I< at»> * ±; c4 3 . a a >—• p a 3 3 a * ca -io £-, 3 0"ii S'C MS. 9" -^3 M So N ~ a a J- - les It. ™ 3 C8 a ce ? ^ § .M i a CS a js a go a CS 1^ =^^ 2^ §. O o O 1^ CO 2c86 s ^ 12 12 (N 1 ; 14 16 mm. 9 16 18 22 18 11 11 mm. mrara. 1 mmnm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ' 1,481 1,449 1,5»50^ I,26;4tj6« 1,588 1,584 l,;j.52 1,354 1.652 1,365 1,270 ■8 1,212 1,174 1,27? 1,02(,180 1,21)7 1,293 1,103 1,103 1,284 1,087 999 5 G77 641 6J>- 631637 710 681 590 610 710 600 642 1 1,580 1.512 1,63623 1,28(,498 1,680 1,643 1,380 1,.396 1,623 1,369 1,262 2 811 798 83823 69J769 822 840 733 740 820 738 708 341 325 184 3(340? 26J 346 361 359 297 302 350 288 281 ) 175 18181 181179 185 184 179 174 188 177 183 L 150 156 15160 15n54 159 156 150 160 147 145 143 > 107 110 11120 91 102 111 112 IV. 99 110 97 103 t 134 143 14150 13U37 142 138 134 131 140 i 126 123 46 43 4 53 3? 43 51 47 43 41 43 41 44 33 31 3 36 82-8-4 3i 37 38 37 32 29 33 30 34 85-7 84-8 87-886-0 85-9 85-1 83-8 86-2 78-2 81-9 78-1 79-9 76-9 90-0-0 74-C74-5 78-2 81-2 82-8 75-6 84-6 77-0 83-7 71-7 721 75-7-9 84-2860 74-5 78-7 84-4 70-7 76-7 73-2 77-3 457 44-2 44-- 42-743-3 44-7 43-1 43-7 45-2 45-8 44-1 427 106-8 104-3 103-4-7 101-601-9 105-7 104 1022 1034 104-7 1007 99-4 54-8 55-0 53-31 55-051-6 517 53-2 54-3 54-8 £29 54-3 55-8 230 22-4 23-1-9? 20-9235 22-7 22-7 22-0 22-4 22-6 21-2 22-1 iShuswa \,p No. ] 6 ; • of N 0. 1. 1 C:>tl, J:ej'iil, ISritish Af.toc, 18!>r).] Number, X.ui'.e Tribe 1 1 . Xlfiiki/a'pamua (continued), i. llalf-tilood NtUikija'pamnu. I. Mak'3 II. Kumales ^ ■cS § •a A--V i ! mm. Ileiirht. standing . »3(i H' ip'lit uf >liouUler — LtCL'lh of arm — Fi.nicr-rea'li .... — Ilcigl.t, sittintr 6.i!l ' Wi^ith of jliouMcrs 215 i 1 U'CL'th of l.ia'l 187 i lireiuith lit head , 141 i He;;:lit c.f fai:e 81 : 1 littwlth nf f.ice . 11.) lln.!.t..f n,..-e . HJ liri-.-i-i:). .if nose . 27 l.<'.j'i.-!'r.-a(Uli index . 84-4 ; F:. ;.:. i,..li.X .... 71-7 V:-..: ...i. . .... Ml I-:x ■;! arm. _ j iLjts i.f iii.j:<-r-reach . _ ' lr.il«ufl,iii:ht, sitting. 5«4 Ir-'.'jof wAxh of ...boulders . - 22i-j mm. l.nis "ill" 42'.i 1.011 u:io 234 17« 111 >•' 11 '.I II, 21 7:m lino moo ."■j^ 4 5 ti 7 tu; = _rt " b « •j- "* s ^ ~- = •-s - f ■-s 9 i 10 nun. l.-.'«ii I.IIL'II 1 .li.V. ii7:i 2s7 ITI '.M l::ii :i.", ;i;i »7-3 ron ' 111-:; 11 mm. mm. l,2ul l,:t24 .•il7 1.1-1 1172 II 2 '.I- (I l.o.-'.i .•,',11 l,:i7o two 2li3 11 nmi. 1,343 l.lii'J lil.i 12 mm. '.3H7 1. 01. -J .■-74 1.140 1.333 tJ'.IO (>.< 2111 2il>'> 178 183 I 173 1 17ti 1 n; lnl 11- 10 2« S2() ","> i; 7i I i.-.i 10(1 irio 10(1 ,.- IJI II i:i 33 3(1 m; 7 II.-, loo l-Jd III 3(1 -o , 43 1 4,)0 ll- 7 1II.-.3 :,-ifi .■,!', oL' :i 22 4 211 20 1; 4.v:i 1072 51 5 21 7 41 3 :i5 :i 4;i5 l!ll A o ^ 17 18 19 s a V ^ Q '7 o M ^ n "3 3 « " ■■^^ 4s E.S 15 12 12 mm. mill nun. 1,31« 1.-..- I.IIIS l,ll,",8 1.100 l,3liB ,;,",ii (iOl 723 i,:mi; 1,3'.« 1,712 (I'.IH 728 871 21111 811 184 337 17s 178 1113 154 lUO !02 107 lOG 131 4 II 35 m; 7 h2 1 Mill N3 3 till -s 750 13ii 43 32 !llli 750 -11 12 1 44-2 l')20 102-4 52-:i 53-5 22-4 22 il 143 42 35 441 1044 .531 205 1 ^ 3 i c 'S c <; 9 4) d S k « s ,^ ^.^ & K O S ra u: UJ -* ^-^ 10 mm 1,257 mm, I..)(.ll ___ 83-7 89!l .SI-8 800 81-7 741 810 7«-3 7iil 83-3 SG-7 7Q2 I. Ma 1,003 1,045 539 557 1,293 1,29U 702 710 284 283 173 176 151 147 105 104 127 121 45 48 51-8 23-4 440 I — 39-4 '103-0 j — 99-2 63-1 — 54-0 23-8 : — 22-1 ' Son of Nn.s, 1 1 and 25. ' Kuther "f Ni . 1. 81)0 87:i 79-2 82-7 7H(i (i8-|j 41-1 42 8 102 8 1O2-0, 5U0 65 7 222 22S 28 83-6 83-9 683 42-9 99-7 551 21-8 Kiilli._'i-of li,lf.i,i,„Hls Nos I and K. 711-8 72-9 43-9 46 U 1013 105-4 ; 66-li 64-7 212 223 ' iMotliei-of I Shnswap, 12 niin. mm. I,;i."il) l.ll'.Mi i.orr H'Xt IJII 2Ht; w j 48 I G'SH l,17« 70o 312 IW) 151 lllu las •18 »s wt'J 7fil 72-» ! 12a. SlitiKivap l/alj-blouilii. 5 6 o. a c ta o "-5 4) V, 4) f< - S, «, S a a CQ ;i^ 14 O* T 1 '= 16 j< ■c a & a S J^ a 3 s "i B a •J Xorih- Wi'durii '1 ■ibei nj' ('aniHln. II 13.V. Hal/hluud 13. Okanagan. Okanogan. . yWW II. K.Miiiilos I' Mii'ea « ■^ 2 •^ ' 1 K 1 c I 8 "3 s % "^ .i; 14 ' 5" B 1 1 30 M to IM 151 ; i;n| 48 j 30 j «2'1 j Ha-4 hOU I 81 (I 7uO I 7a-9 I'.IL' 101 121 14« SI 41 1!)2 l.'iO 121 144 6;i lUU 123 14!) C4 40 81-3 I 831 84 i 820 71'T 74-1 ■!» 45 U 1 •3 1054 547 2 223 '• anil 8. ■; 62 4 220 .1 22-7 lUl 101 125 152 50 43 84-3 82-2 70-8 418 1000 531 24'4 mill. iiitn. ll.OO'.l-' 1,172 1 1,311 , '.'33 j 705 1 COU 1 1,713 j 1,100 805 050 387 255 1!I8 177 100 M3 120 111) 154 121 48 41 41 31 83-8 : 80-8 77-u; 818 864 756 43t. 43.6 1(1B4 9!)-7 63-7 650 240 218 522 1010 54-7 22 7 45-6 I 45 7 100 2 ' 1051 ••i' u ui jiiHswiip No. 16 i biolhor of No. 8. 42-7 I 45 7 103-1 lOti-8 i 104-3 615 j 657 j 67-1 64-8 j 56-0 22-8 I 22-8 I 20'« | 23-0 j 224 ' Daiiglitoi' ui .Sliiiawaii No. 41- 427 103 4 7 lol B:13-1 .| 560 23 l!i; 2O0 10; of No. I. ON THE NOKTII- WESTERN TRIUES OF CANADA. 9 01 go 55 V C o S a3 It a o en •E » re O w ■>* >o (N 05 iH s B c3 01 s c3 u -lrH0SIJ1t- fioCCOOOOCOOOi v u s o a 0) • CO i 'C u c o a be a a bo «5 C C ^ S ft g g § o^^.s; ^^ .A ^i^ k>^ ^^ ^^ O O (N O CO M 'Cm 'V a ■A C 00 CO o wacp l«peop■^ooplfsot-^-csocrHt-•^w^Ht- ocPth oses ih t-ibio 6;t-d;ic-^rHao©r-(S'iiaL^i5ooco6;'»)<6565 4)1 t-o rnao cs MINI 1H I-l O rH o :o rH iH X » rH i-H a t- lO U5 1-1 i-t 'd \n~ W lO rH rH ^l CO in US rH i-( O r-( if^ lis i I I- I I I I I I I I I ^ « IJ r^ I ^ CO I I I I (lN(Jlt~tHrH(NM;0 I I I I |cOfflT)(|rHSOeOO> I I « CO rH r^ 1-* |iHOJ'* 05 US I W 00 I rH rH O US US to o o rH 5C -M CO 5C ■* •* S<« rH rH Hjl rH CO rH vi r^ 1^ Vi w^ ^ t* ■>»i rH rH ffl rH US II 'I I l^iZllZi"! 1 1 I '__ _ rH rH rH ©» | rH rH I I OS I rH I I I I I ^_«'«' I I I I I I I Ti 1^ I FT I I I 11 1 I I Ml*' I I I I I I I I I I fimmid 4) B S -,fc •~ 5 S I- C>^ f s S o = 3 3 ■ -5 - .-Hit s c be Oh— *.2®$c^ >.*= 7* * rP-3 cj o *" •S •= 2? -a s i S-il * b N S -^ a 5 s B g --^ I S ? *- d as -C - ■S CI 0< c V S a 5 3h §;2 o 0.2 B 03 Si B o ,B m O :Mmsm!iismm:' 10 KEPOKT — 1805. c3 r1 « s £? C o a: a o 03 O PQ a o pq a O pq c !* 2 S g § W pq pq M P3 M O pa ;5 pq C pq O M - "' K .4 's >n 13 I I T^l I I t T^ « r^ 1 05 1^ rH.-l©»rH | rH \ ^r-i I ^ I CO «'-"-' "^ I (yl Tj< in CO » -" M CO (M « ® « ^ ffl CO *» rH M « f I '^ I '' 1 j ^ ,H ffl 51 S o bC ■A O i ^ « 1) 3) d'^ 'J the stature of those of Alaska equals that of the Bilqula, reaching 166 cm. The measurements of the Alaskan Eskimo prove clearly that they are mixed to a considerable extent with Tinneh blood. I think the points of particular interest brought out by this statement are the gradual change of stature in British Columbia and the great iiregularity of distribution in the southern regions. There are no differ- fiices of food supply or mode of life of the people which would have the ertect that the stature should be lowest on Lower Fraser River, and in- croase in both directions along the coast, or that the same decrease should be found as we descend Fraser River. It seems that these phenomena can be explained only by a slow permeation of the tall tribes of the north iiiul of the short tribes of Fraser River. It is curious to note that the distribution of stature shows regular changes, while all other features are distributed in quite a different manner, as will appear later on. It is of some interest to coinpare the stature of men and women. When we consider the tribes contained in the preceding, list we find the following result : — Stature of men Average stature of men Sature of women in per cent, of tha' of men mm. 1575-1627 1()37-1660 1661-1681 168.3-1697 mm. 1605 1650 1671 1692 94-2 944 93- 1 92-7 The proportionate difference between the stature of men and women is the less the smaller the people. The same result appears from a study oi the Indians of the whole of North America, as is shown in the following table : — Stature of men Average stature of men Stature of women in per cent, of tbat of men mm. 1 660 and less 1660-1699 1 700 and more mm. 1G37 1684 1712 93-6 929 92-7 While for the middle group the values are almost the same as those fnuiid on the Pacific coast, the women of the short tribes of the Pacific Ldast seem to be taller than those of the short tribes of other regions. Before discussing the types found on the Pacific coast any further I shall give tabulations showing the principal results of the measurements. The proportions of the body are computed in such a manner that the stature is taken at the nearest centimetre, and divided in the other measurements. 12 REPORT — 1895. i o So 'A < ItJ -• 1 1 rH .-H 1 OS OS rH rH CO 1 1 1 1 IM rH 1 1 r- rH m ^ rH rH M | « | N ' (M rc I 1 , 1 C-. OS 1 M ■* rH fC « CO ; rH rH ' ' ' 188 190 189 191 COCO |rHeOCCMrHTt< W Tt» rH 1 lO IM (M 1 (M 00 00 rH 1-^ -f IS 00 00 rH f-^ N |S^rHrH«Ot-rHIM |. 1 00 (M CO CO rH 1 IM IM fO , , 0000 |-*^. O 1 ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 13 OS « f o ti M i-N <-• 4 <-i qo p 0i M O 30 •-" O X> I— OO -i --I I I IN N ^ ^»^05aocv;»ti0ao to lO to O lO >0 lO to »o 1- t-- 1 1- 1 M 1 1 1 « CV5 1 l«- 1 1 1 1 1 O-i i-t 1-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i OOCl to to rH (N (M N 1 1 1 rH 1 -l ' 1 1 1 1 to to 1-1 1-1 Tj< ■^ rH rH CO | 1 rH N «* ^ n N CO to to I— 1 l-H CO [ N 1 rH N rH 1-H rH "8 to to 1—1 ^H W'^cc |T}0 r-l 1-H 1 rHNeONfOrHrHfH "(? 10 1—1 1-^ 1 W 1 1 1 (M ■* 1 •* O-H irt in r^ 1-1 ^r-^ 1 rH e< la to 1 rH 1-1 rH IrH 1 1 l^rH 1 1 ?5 1 1 1 1 i»^ 1 1 1 a THbes : Nass River Indians Bilqula . Harrison Lake Spuzzum Uta'mkt NtlakjapamuQ'O'e . Nkamtci'nEmuQ Shnswap Or^onian Tinneh . u o to IH en 0} c3 eo lO 8 'IS ft; 4H O iH CA 0) 0) 1 rHb^MlOSi-OtO'l'O , M rH rH CO rH rH e < tOC00500IMt^O»-H iO »0 lO »0 10 -^ ■»*< "0 -t< 160 162 1 164 161 1 103 165 ! 1- 1 1 ! 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 l«- 1 1 1 1- 1 00 C5 »0 JO rH rH N 1 • rH rH rH 1 1 rH •«*< X eq -H CO r-^ rH N 1 rH 1 rHCOT}< 1 1 < o h- jv i lo c: 1^ j; 1^ ^ -f 'b "M 5-1 ?i n 1- — M -H e-4 •>! e-J c-i 5:; — ^ 1-H 1 1^ 1 1 1- 1 1 1 1 1 ■a Si n re 1— i ^H M y> 1-H 1—1 1 <^« 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |o,-H 1 1 1 1 1 1 |r, 1-H ^H 1-^ 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 1 22 ^(N-*-h|^|||.-<|w M «5 -H -H |CC«0| |rHrH|i-^ 75 o C g s 5S> o ci :c r- -M «5 r- ci (M ci 1-1 CC l-l I-H IM 1-H 1 < ^b-XMO-Hin-^r- ^t .^ ^ c; M M «■! -T ih -HiM(MO-H,-,-,i— — 1 1- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 " 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! {^ CO 1-H -H 1 1- 1 1 1 1 1 M (M « CO Hi ^H -H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1-1 1-H — 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' X a (j^ rH CC « 1-1 I _, ^ (N 1-1 •a 5 Is be •J > I.T -f C5 '« IM * '-I r-{ I-* ' ^ ^ P C c . V . . o" 2 = M s ^c •5I gy 3 '* •— j^ i >^uyyz uix 5^ .^ I-- 1-1 rH I I -"tl I ■*! -H I >*l 1-1 ?1 cq I I I M .-I IM I I lO SO l-l rH N rH w • • • w • > B V c4 ^ a ll -«-> ri -a c 3 O cs ^ 3 o 0) Cfi il T ,14 ll 1—1 0) s ^>'. *^ «KQ Ph o ly 3 a s g D.TrH iS o - (ii; « r* -G cs Oh CO -3 ^< >5 CC (» lU s 3 Xi t'. CLi o o oa m I o 10 0) 4) CJ 0) en c« ^ ' CO rHfOC-J IrH llMN IWrHCOrH 'O II I I 10 ^ (M 't 1 |rHlMCO«OlOlM |rHrH h. I -< 00 M 1 1 -f rH «o '* 1 (M M eo H" IrHCO 1 1 rH IM 1 CO I* IM eO 1 rH t 1 1 '-' 1 1 1 1 '-"^ ! 1 1 '-' 1 I 1. 1 1 1 [ i 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 l-l o O) >-l en m cS 0) m o JO P 10 Si ao s -HCOrHc^jiomcicoco OS W '«*rH rHfQpH CO-H Average ©■ih-rHcoocociooco Q-'o't- eocbcooiO'^cscbh- .i-cooo 00 CJ rH rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II rH 1— ( 1-- II II 1 1 II 'f »o 10 10 rH 1—1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 150 152 151 153 - 1 1 1- 1 1 1 1 II • s 1 l<» 1 1 1 1 1 1 II a 00 C5 r~( rH •^ rH eo 1 1 rH 1 1 1 | | CO t^ 1— 1 1^ COC^OOrHrHrHSOrH j |w ^ ^ •* 10 •^ '♦I rH -H 1 eOrHaOIM|rHMi-Hi-l | | rSS IM 10 rH ri t^l'^rHlMIMrH^^ 1^ ' 1 ^ rH -H rH|cO»HrHi-«t» 1 1 rt^ 10 eo CO rr 1— 1 rH 1 CO rH 1 1 e«; t« Ift \ Ot 130 132 131 133 1 1 rH 1 ! 1 1 .0 -H II 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 -^ 1 1 -^ 126 128 127 129 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 II- 1 11 Na-ss River Indians Bilqula . Kwakiutl Harrison liake Puget Found . Spuzzum Uta'jk-t Nt lakyapamuQ'o'e . Nkamtci'nEmuQ . Shuswap Oregonian Tinnt h S 16 REPORT— 1805. f 8 .«^ Number of Cases c •« ^; -< « ^» =0 '^ o jv Avenige X 1^ h- op OS N i,(T W '^ p O t~- 'S 'N St ^7 W ">! lb lb i.T ic •« i/5 1(3 W in '0 «5 O S 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- ■3 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S l« 1 1 1- 1 1 M 3 1 1- 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 o C0 1 »1 W 1 1 1 1 1 (N ^ OS |«« 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 1 (M O ] 1 ph ^ 1 1 1-1 -1 l(J O -" -1 1 1 1 1— 1 1-H i-H III 65 56 1 (N ec 1 IN 1 1 ^ sq -* 1 CO -f ■* -H (N MC-I 1 1 ^ ' 1-1 1 CO 1 1 -1 N ^ N (M u3 1 1 i 1 fg COMN-^lfOWNlMN in 1 O 1 IN 1-1 IM CC 1 !N 1 N IN 1 rt -1 « rH 1 ■* o IN 1 1 N eo •H 10 -H 1 f^ OS ^ 1 1 1 1 I-- 1 1 00 m 1 (M eo 1 1-1 ^ M ii 1 - 1 1 1 1- 1 1 1 ! • • a a « • -^ .a P a s ^ • -^ • • g a 'a "7 "^ a w ^ Number of Cases OS -^ -J? O -t< OS ri s; -1 en -• CI -t He 8) < M » ap •* m •+ N -^i in -f "-I 05 h- r"— j; CC ^ in in -f "ti -T< -f< -(> H 1 ■ ' 1 to 1 1 1- 1 1 1 II Xlij i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 i 1 MM! •n 1 •J? 1 1 1 1 -^ 1 «s 1 n 1 ?J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «o 1 OS 1 M5 1 1 1 1 1-H 1 III MM! Mill CO 1 in 1 1 -< *^ i in 1 1 i-< n 1 ! I*' 1 1 1 1 1 ft m 1 in 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 b m 1 11^-^1 II CO 1 in i l-co 1 1 -H--, in 1 ll- 1 1-H in 1 — < -^ -H 1 -H IN 1 g 1 _< en ^ IN 'N I* 1 OS -H 1 »-< 1 1 m N H nt IT, 1 -< -1 1 -^< 1 M S^ 1 -t< -4 1 N ?C 71 tcj in m 1 (N -- -H CO en i ^M :ie 1 1 C, - 1 -1, N 1 H, ^"^ en N 1 ^ 1 - 1 -H -H ^^H IN en 1 1 - 1 1 -H 1 -r: -^ 1 1 M 1 1 1 "~" - 1 1 1 Ml 1 ' ' OS en II 1 1 1- 1 en 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 en - li 1 1 1 1 1 ^^H to en 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^^B t 1 in CO 1 1 1 1 II- 1 H ' ' • • a m .3 p o> a • • a • • D ? ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 17 O O 'f Oi '>'\ T. 30 -t< I!} "♦< M •?• >:h ji t^ •"- r. (K 1(5 -f -f -T" -f -t" M I M I ■^ I I IJJ I I r ijA'i r^i'Li Mil Eirinxi_i L^zrui ' -JO \ I I - -' -( .^ r- < I ^ I M |_ n ^ «M n -f I ZlLi A-'^ ^ -H -* I ■* I W 'Zm ^ I n « ?i 5^ ^ ,-< :r: TTi 5.V -- 1 -* *> sa 0) O {? 5 a^ S 3 ^ 01 10 N re (M t^ "' O 6 i r; 6 "■- o* » •- i^ o -i I I I I I I -III (M ■M -^ C-l -H ?i — ?: , rt C C — f-i t* lO ^ O-J -i M t X -^ :o i-i — -f -f — :i Ji M 1 1 1 -t >-( ^ 1 ' -f ?) 1 e>i — < — 1 T'l M 1 - ^; t 1 rj 1 1 rt s>i 1 - I 1 - I I u a 9, p K s ^ p c ?a . 3 w i^ c "^ -T^^'-i >-^ r* "5 I- s - p 5 S O n > r1 CO r-( rt C^ i-t «p 00 IN ip 00 p »;» 1;- ec »t< lb lb ■i) lb ■^ i cocococococococo •*< 1 1 II - 1 II - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ rt c^i _i fc • s « CO -H ^ - 1 1 1 M CO •* 1 CO 1 1 CO ri "H 10 lo c-i 1— I lo M lo t-coiNiceOrtCCooi'OM •0 ^ ao p f;- lo CO ?p 10 ^ CO »(• 00 t- cjo M lb CO 01 cb xcxtooxooaoaoocicoco I'. OS UO OS CO OS N -H I I -. I I I--- M -f I CO (N O OS «tl ^ OS CO 01 01 1 CO CO 1 Iff CO — iM ao |l-lrtlOIMrHC0C0 |-- X 00 10 X t^ lO CO 'XI -f -Tl «i ^ 5'i-+<.-H3;rHnxieiNi-H t-04U5-«t< lecSiJ^'^'O 01 X X o X laOJ-^IN-tl |fOt-5^CC J^iNCO I |i-i«"*eOIN osio^co |^«^t-«ooj OS I- -*< 1-1 ^H 1 (N CO lO lO 1-1 X « IN 1 1 ! 1 *« <^' 1 I'- CO 1 1 1 1 1 -tl -N -H ! 1 1 1 1 1 N — (M 1 12 1 1 1 !-- 1 1 1 . Ti u r/i a a • i—t a > C5 Cm . . g a 3 -^ i>.^ ►/-. 25 w Q a r/3 Li ;?-. ^'^ 55 li 1 18 REPORT — 1805. ^ o 'A O ?s X ^. c-i tc M r- »o O OS W (M M ._ ri rH pH .-H F- ^ Aver.ige O 'J t M CI -f 10 -J X *^ — 1 t^ f: vr j; '-b i — — ri :" >n t- X X I- t- X X X X X X 11^ 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 ll« 1 II- 1 ll« gs I-*- II 1 1 I-- 1 ao OS 00 00 00 CD 1 M ITS 1 1 1 1 -H 1-1 1 M N«!X 1 1 |fnM(N,-.iN 00 X ^X X X * x I I- I I I I «*< 1(5 III OS OS III 05 05 ^ I OJOS I I " I X 05 X X X X X X I F-< X r^ I I" I X X o — X X ■* ri ID I « iH I N « — (M N '!j< Mt e-i r? t . N-HevjfCi-i'*iiOi-~; X o; I- I'. «o «: -H 5^ h. _ th ^ fo N 1-1 «; M '-'1 1 (M 1 ?l (M - (M 1 I 1 1-H 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 « 1 1 1 M X 05 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 50 t^ to to 1 1 1 1 1 1 II a o to . . . . • ^ g 5" s .^^ K : : a 3 03 " n! H 3 t •on the NOUTII-WESTRHN TUIIJES of CANADA. 19 5 S> "t" I XI -^ 3D 55 X ri ^■. •^ X l'" ^ ^^ ■'" ■' ao i^ t" *-*'■*■ "'■ ©« cc l-H CI CI ^ (N M ^ -^ '•'"' ■ M -H ©q fr- ,-H eo (N f-4 CC ClC C^ IM ©^ • |P5^ cS .S 3: to ^ S3 M ■■?. g S §,.3^ :^l l^» VS M W rr 2 C -^ k 1 ^Kt^Ui'^'^- b-l . li S w> 3 bo 2 ■ '-O in 00 tp cs c>» -^ b- t- b- h-O oaj M

o n (h -^ t" t- t- t» ^" t- t* ■i^ 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1.. gS 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 M II 1 X 05 1 iH 1 ; 1- 1 II 1 X X) IN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '/5 » l-H M 1 1^^^ 1^ CI M X 30 1 IM 1- 1- 1 1 1- 1 '^ X X M |« 1 1 eO ^ 1-1 ^ rH •« ^ N SS i '0 1- ^r-^ 1 _l eOfH 1 ^1 ;t{: -^-^M 1 j W .-< W -H 1-1 V -i S K ;tj2 1 COWN 1 IN i-H e<5 1-H 10 (N |5« 1 ^cc^ r-t 1 C^ 1 III WW 1 III 1 II II II t" w CIM 1 III M 1- M 1 1 Ml 1 1 1 1 1 M w 10 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c v Tribes : Nass Ri%-er Indians Bilqula . Kwakiutl Delta of Fraser River Harrison Lake Spuzzum Uta'mk-t NtlakyapamuQ'o'e . Nkamtcl'nEmuQ . Shuswap I I o 0»;0C0 OM't-OJCO ^H .'O 1^ f-t 0»l »-4 9> bo 2 o o opqo«p«pt-b- jc «o_ ■^ in CO X oi o >o "■5 i."5 1- 10 CI CO 10 10 O "—I 10 10 I I I I \\ T- T I I I I 1-^ i-H rH «- i I I - iH CO --^ CO ■* I I I K' N N -^ I •<*< 10 IN ^ IN I IN »0 I CO b- OiJ -H «o I J- CO »H *! i-H ! 10 M ei -^f IN 'O I I I- I I I I I- I -- M Il- l-Mil I II I c ID o u 'i & eS 9 O ■3 13 .12 ri d d V S"'-" d V «3 !=* d '^'■S ::5 >» ™ Q. *■' -1^ -" II 1-4 20 REPORT — 1895. \ So "A OS «*< »n -^ iM M X »ra o t" < "* rH nj W «p «5 in C5 fC t;- in lb -*■ >h -f •^ -f -V -+i Tt< o-t< 1- 1 1 1 M 1 i- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o -+« in o> (N M 1 p-» 1 -^ 1 1 1 i-t o -t< W*ecs^tj |?nrH |-H • m lb lb in CO ri in o x in « n « i -f lb 'J'l lb -tl CO X -*< -r 1 Tti-tt-f-^-frtiTt-f-: 1 9 "*" 1 1 1 ! 1- 1 1 1 1 in 05 , 1- 1 1 1 1- 1 i O f 1 1 - 1 1 hH - in Oj lb lb •r ti 00 - — (N ^ 1 1 1 1 O fH lb lb rrl -tl •* 1 1 N 1 1 (N rt r- ss in Oi ' . I j^^ |iNcv:cn^rc|K 1 in 05 cb M c 7< lo . I-H 1-t rt 1 -f CO s; I-H 1 1 IM in rH 01 j CO ; -r 1 1 in oi j c: ' in 05 IN ii O -H ij^i i\ -+. -fi w I-H 1 1 CO 00 1 H " II II 1 1 1 OS 1 1 N CO pi - tn 05 -tl -tl 1 h« ! 1 - 1 1 i 1 9 f -^ I-H -t -tl 1 1 '^ 1 ! ! ^ 1 ! i '« ^ in 05 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 9 "*" -t -^ m 05 0-. 05 CO ?t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 li 9 -^ 05 o; CO CO 1 i 1 1 1 i 1 1 i m OS CO on O -^f or. 00 CO CO M- 1 1 1 1 III f" II - II II 1 ' g Is d O M (2 • ••■••••' 1 a J" •? :j ^'^ fd M W cG ;- '/; /< -^ i ^3SEaiB9iSfaSVKGBSF^I!SI,'Julpxir.. ON THE NORTH-WESTI':ilN TRIBES OF CANADA. 21 I 00 CC t- 30 35 N 5 ^ « 1-1 rs o 30 ip !C *i X ki lb -^ «? sc -f" :c ■t< •* -t '* •* -f T - 1 1 \^^ 1 1-^ — 01 ^ 1 1 I 'a ^ - - iJ • • 5 -- : -^i ^ •-; N e i - -t S ui K cc ^ ''^ '^ " O u 3 O "* O C 00 iM X lOi O «5 (M(M(M- < t-aOSSr-HCXIN'TlpCl'Tl CO r; -f « "fi CO oi M if) «, i; u; re a; ;.- >', >', y; O ^ o sa ?^ t- «5 CO >50 f-H 00 Tj< t- t- oo o< I — ( W i-i I bo 0) b- CI »o io o i.o I'O JO l-^ ^ O'l d; 35 »0 lO i 1 I i 1 1 1 1 1 LOl 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 10 35 00 00 lO lO a: 3D »n in 1 1 *' 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 M 1 ! «0 35 i 1 ! M 1 1 1 1 10 10 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 IQ 35 1 lO 1.0 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 ir: 10 ' ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ! UO .7; 10 10 I-H 1 CC 1 1 ^ 1 ! 1 ■C 10 ' ' ' III 9 '*' lb lb 1.0 13 CO r-i t- 1-n 1 0^ I-H 1 1 10 35 10 >.o i..O I-H 10 -H 1 I-H 1 1 1 -tH , »rs 35 X CO I « CO -^ 1 -< -J r-i 1 10 10 ' ' 1 ro 00 10 1.0 _ I 10 '35 7 M — 1 I-H •M r— CO ."M Ot it 0^1 UO i« : i 1 (N 1 1 I-H «; 1 j -^ |>1 Jl 10 1 1 i-l I-H j 1 CO 00 j 'P 9 I-H 1—4 10 i-O I-H 1 f-l 1 0» r-H CO I-H I p -t. IC s.O 1 i 1 1 I 1 « 'M i 10 Oi 6 6 »o i 1 i r-H 1 — 1 M r-1 1 -»« 1 i 1 ! 1- !-- 1 1.0 35 35 <35 1 -»i -»< _ I IT. Ci u O +3 a a o u 0) Ph •yi , a) c3 IS ^ Xh i:. W K M P icS ;; 9> REPORT — 1895. M 8 I ' i Ul 'Ji ^ o 0) It 0) > < c; "fi w -H ^ (N eC rH M O t- *** O t- ■^t-tosoinixiNWOi-i o ;c a la "ti o o o o c c o o Tfi -J3 -tl o o o 1-H 1- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o l-« 1 1 1- 1 1 1 1— ( IN- 1 1 1 1- 1 1 00 o 1-H fC^rOi-Hi-H |rH |rHrH o i-H «0>nU5 |0^i-H |,.HrHi-H 901 M.-H50M,He»NCC'* at en .« a! ^.H a o rt a ■^ -r .^ u • c c H • o p, rt p5 'cl ^ o. •- *^ r^ ^ JH Bar P>5ZoqO I (H CO 1 OC ;C i.-? X ■«*< «D X IN OS rH CO ri CI rH S, IS l-c 41 > Nt-cpaOGCMt-rHr^ CC IS (f 1 -* 1^ (?■« i\ J7 6| CCCCCCCCO rH 1 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 00 o 1-H I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 O rH rH l^rH 1 r. 1 | | 1-H CC rH (M N rH | (M | | o 1-{ w^ y* 1-^ 1 rH 1 CO rH o rH eO N « rH 1 1 TJ4 1 (N O N rH rH i-( rH M lO N rH rH »o 1 X (N 1 »c :c -^ m 1-H o N 1 to 1 rH ^ i-eo 1 8 rH fH 1 (M 1 1 rH 1 1 rH C5 1 1 1 1 1 rH CI 1 rH j 00 05 1 1 «« 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1- 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g 1 1- 1 1 1 1 1 1 Per cent. HH U (U > . ^ 'i % J=2^ 1 t^ ' a- g E S :- rt = ^ ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 23 X ■* «c oc N o; 1-1 IM rt X GO M t- tH h- -* rt (fi »i ^: 6\ o c c o c o 111-11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r-t 1-111 ^(N^ 1 N 1 1 H f-( 1 rH 1 eOrt D 1-1 1 1^ l« H rt rt N W N rt » W 1 »o -x -t< CO « 1 ^' 1 r-l-Jtb-M 1 1- 1 1- rt N r-l CO -5 71-G 72-0 74-0 II. Women. Stature 1 1543 1537 1509 1.554 Index of length of arm 1 44-3 42-5 45-0 — Index of lingor-reach 1032 102-!) 104-8 — ^ Index of height, sitting 547 55-4 53-4 — ' litiii,'tli of head iH(;-2 1H6-5 176-0 — Hreadth of head . 153G 154 3 153-9 154-8 Hiiglit of face 113-4 121-8 109-3 — liivadth of face 1432 143-1 140-3 143-5 lleii^lit of nose 45-2 51 8 49-4 — liica'llli of nose 3(J(i 35-2 35-5 — • Facial index . 7H-G 84-8 78-4 — Nasal index . 81-8 (;8-t5 72-6 — Total series. It will be noticed that the series of men and women agree very closely. jTlit! types ('.xjjn^ssed by those figures may be described as follows. The l^iiss Kivor Indians arc of medium stature. Their arms are relatively jloiig, their bodies ai-e short. The head is very large, particularly its trans- jvcisal tliaineter. The same may be said of the face, the breadth of which jiiiay be ojiUed enormous, as it exceeds the average breadth of face of the jNui'th Anierican Indian by 6 mm. The height of the face is moderate ; jtherefore its form apjieai's decidedly low. Tlie nose is very low as com- IpiU'cd with the height of the face, and at the same time broad. Its elevation >i'fi w 21. REPORT — 1895. [ over the face is also very slight only. The bridge is generally concave, and very, flat between the eyes. The Kwakiutl are somewhat shorter, their bodies are relatively longer, their arms and legs shorter than tliose oP the iirst group. The dimensions of the head are very nearly the same, but the face shows a remarkably ditFerent type, which distinguishes it fundamentally from the faces of all the other groups. The breadth of tlie face exceeds only slightly the average breadth of face of the Indian, hut its height is enormous. The same may be said of the nose, which is very high and relatively narrow. Its elevation is also very great. The nusal bones are strongly developed, and form a steep arch, their lower oiifl rising high above the face. This causes a very strongly hooked nose to be found frequently among the Kwakiutl, while that type of nose is almost absent in all other parts of the PaciHc coast. This feature is so strongly marked that individuals of this group may be recognised with a con- siderable degree of certainty by the form of the face and of the nose alone. It will be noticed that in this group the facial and the nasal indices of the women indicate that their faces are more leptoprosopic, their noses more leptorrhinic, than those of the men, while among almost all races the reverse is the case. This fact led me first to suspect that the artificial deformation which is more strongly developed among women might be the cause of the peculiar form of the fac^ of this tribe. I have shown, however, in the preceding pages that the observations give no countenance to this theory. Besides this the Bihjula show the same features and the same relation between the two sexes, although the heads of the men are not deformed, and those of th^ women are deformed in a different manner. The measurements of Bikiula women can, however, claim no great weight, as they are too few in number. The Harrison Lake type has a very short stature. The head is ex- ceedingly short and broad, surpassing in this respect all other forms known to exist in North America. The face is not very wide, but very low, thus producing a chanueprosopic form the proportioijs of which resemble those of the Nass River face, while its dimensions are mucli smaller. In this small face we find a nose which is absolutely higher than that of the Xass River Indian with liis hug(^ face. It is, at the same time, rather narrow. The lower portion of the face appears very small, as may be seen hy subtracting the height of the nose from that of the face, which gives an aj)proximate measure of the distance from septum to chin. The values of this measurement for the four types are (59, 73, G2, and G7 mm, respectively. The Shuswap represent a type which is found all over the intei'ior of British Columbia, Idaho, Washington, and Ore^gon, so far as they are in- habited by Salishan and Sahaptin tril)es. Their stature is approximately 108 cm. The head is shorter than that of the trib(>s of Northern IJritisli Columbia or of the Indians of the plains. The face has the average luiylit of the Tiuliau face, being higher than that of the Nass River Indians, hut lower than that of the Kwakiutl. The nose is high and wide, and has the characteristic Indian form, which is rare in most parts of the coast. i1it^ fjicial and nasal indices are intermediate between those of the Kwakiutl and of the Nass River tribes. I marked together with the measurements of the Indians certain de- script i\(^ features. 1 give here a talndation of these observations, but only tlios(^ taken during the journey of bsOl, as 1 find that it is very diffi- cult to compare de.bcripti\ e features on account of the large personal eciua- >. h || M 2, and 07 nun. ON THE NOUTH-WESTEIIN TRIBES OF CANADA. 25 tion of the ohser .ers, and even of the same observer at different ti.nes. The typo whicli is being described exerts a deep inHuence upon the form of (Itscription. Thus when first visiting the Indians there is a tendency to (loscril)e the lips as thick because they are compared with those of the whites while later on they are called moderate because Indian lips are cdiinared among themselves. Desci-iptive features are, therefore, of no iriviit value, owing to the inaccuracy of the terms involved. Still, some strikiujj differences will be noticed in the follo\('ing tabulations of the de- .V ripti\e features of men from '20 to 59 years of age : — Hridge of Nose Form of Nose Point of Nose ja 7 S '•S 10 o 2 ■« o a o '^ 4 .to u 00 13 >•< o 4 Sho t Tliin J** la H T Nnss Uiver Indians . 3 12 5 8 KuMkiiitl 21 ~) — 1 19 11 ?1 8 , Ifi 13 Iha'nik-t 7 3 2 1 7 3 3 8 i 3 8 NlliikyapainuQo'o 13 3 — 1 8 (> (; 8 5 i) , Xkuiulci'nKmuy 13 2 — 2 8 4' 7 8 6 S) ! Ear Lobe f Ear 1 i ic Large Moderate Small Large "3 S Attached Xi OS c s c M 15 s 3 C cs H 5 v.issKiver Indians « 2 14 G 13 Kwiikiiitl 11 14 3 17 12 5) 20 2fi 3 rf;Vii,k-t 4 8 — 10 2 (5 G 10 2 NtliikyripnmiiQ'o'e 5 11 — 7 {) 7 14 2 Nkamtci'nEtnuQ . 4 8 I 3 7 6 () 7 8 5 This tabulation makes particularly clear the did'ei'ence in the form of [iKiso found among the various tribes. I rccoided the colour cf the skin according to Kadde's standard [(iMoiirs, ;uul selected the fo'/ehead for my comparisons. [fnHowiiig tints among the various tribes : — 32 I recorded the jNi-s llivpf IndijuiB jK^vakiiitl IViiVmk'l pil;ikvripaiiui(,>"o'e l^l>aiiitci'nK.nuy 1 III n 1 1 m 1 33 n o • > — •) 2 7 1 1 2 <) 2 1 V 1 ,s 1 It appears from these data that tlio Kwakiutl are the lightest among jtlii people of the North Pacific coast, while the Nass River and Thomp- Pmi Indians .m; considei'ably darker. 1 It i.s necessary to consider the cephalic index of the various tribes a Piltli' more closely, because it seems that among the tribes of Frasor iliver •li'eiiunMnuch moi-e braeliy('e))halie than adults. Inv(>stigationsca)-iie(l d" I'y ineaus of extensive material do not show any such differences, and i 26 REPORT — 1895. it is likely that more extended investigations would cause the apparent difference to disappear ; but it is also possible that in this region we may find the length of head to increase more rapidly than the breadth of luvul. Among the Eastern Indians, and in different parts of Europe, we tiiid a slight deciease of the cephalic index with increasing age, but in no case does the difference exceed 1 per cent. We find also that the hecads of women are somewhat shorter than those of men. The following tabu- lation siiows that among the northern tribes the same relations prevail, but that among the Ntlakya'pamuQ the heads of adults appear much more elongated than those of children. Average Cepha lie Index. — 03 3 ■3 a (—4 > g g 'E a a 3 N N 3 ca a 1 ^ 03 -4-* i 1 ^ 1 ■- I c tt 1 ^ 1 o 1 1 B iv.s . I'.irls . Mm . Woiiiou. 84-11(17) 8;!-5( 1 1 ) 82-7(21) 82-9(20) S:'.-8( 28 ) 82-h(14) 83-(i (8) 84-7(24) 85-5(b) 82-5(5) 85-5(2) 82-9(7) 90-8 (3) H7-1 (5) 811-8(15) 87-5(12) 83-6 (1) 84-9(12) 82-5 (5) 8G-3(13) 88-5(12) 84-9(17) 83-1(19) 80-9(12)' 89-5 (1) 8i-7(lt) 87-8 Ci, 82-i;(2ti) 82-0(21; 82-8(33) 81-7(17) 8Mi(iri 84-l(lN| 84-(Jii;iM 8;!-(iiiiii: Clnl.li-i'ii Adults . 84-7(24) 84-4(32) 84-1(11) 83-5 (9) 88-5 (8) 88-8(27) 88-7(35) 83-5 (1) 84-2(17) 87-4(25) 84-lJ(3(!) i 85-8('2i,) 88-2(4) 82-7(59) 81-9(38) K4-3(27| 8:!-U(:-!n| 84-0(57! Total . 83'5(73) - 83-8(21) 84-1(18) 85-3(81) 83-0(85): 82-5(42) 1 It appears from this comparison that even if the greater bracliy- cephalism of the children on Eraser River should be the effect of a pecu- liar law of growth, the general relations of the cephalic indices of adults would remain unchanged, so that the pr-^ceding considerations remain unaltered when the total series or the adults alone are considered. It is necessary to treat two groups of tribes a little more fully, namely, the Bihjula and the Ntlakya'pamuQ. The tables show clearly that the Bilqula are closely related to the Kwakiutl type, with which they have the high face and nose in common. The differences between the divisions of the Ntlakya'pamuQ have been discussed above. It remains to point out the probable cause of these difierences. It is evident that the lower divi- sions, particularly those of Spuzzum and the Uta'mk-t, are more alike to the Harrison Lake type than the divisions farther up the river. It is also evident that the NkamtcI'nEmuQ resemble the Shuswap more than any other division of the Ntlakya'pamuQ. A detailed comparison is given on the following table, which also in- cludes the Oregonian Tinneh. It v/ill be seen that, on the whole, an approach between the forms of Harrison Lake and that of the Shuswap is found. But the Ntlakyapa- niuQ'o'e occupy, in many respects, an exceptional position. Their heads are narrow, their faces are lower and narrower than those of their neii^h- bours. They are narrower than those of any othei- Indians, with the ex- ception of the Hoopa and Oregonian Tinncti while the Shuswaps have a face as broad as the average Indian face. These differences between the absolute measuremepts of the face are also expressed in the indices. The ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRllJES OF CANADA. 27 the apparent 'egioii we may eadth of liwid. ope, we tiiul a oUowing tabu- lations prevail, ear much mure 12)' 89-5 Cl)' H4-(l|lTi' 10 87-H (Si H4'l{l"i •J6)' Hi-(l('.'l)i .S4-U(i;ni 3;i) si-TcnV H;i-ti(iii) '.'<,) 8K"J(4) i 8-f2(27| ,51)) 8l'y(,38), 8S'i)(H(i| ;85) 82'5(42)] 84'll(57 which also in- ^ CO ffi 1- CO o If « ^«^ v_/ ^^ V^ -^^ ^^ , « TS O O 3V CC «C O 1 S5 =" 0^ 3; ••■^ « JiTi -f t- t- t- t- t- 1- r-v ,^N /--N -'^ /-N ^-N ,^N (M CC iM b- 'S O C: "» k« I-H »— 1 i-H <— * ^-. .— ( *-H .Z (U iM f <;: ■£ x -^ -^ iC C -^ -< IM CO ^V /~v /— \ r-N 1. -^ 1ft (M '-I ift *l '."S •o *- « CC — 10 X •* (M ^,''3 S ^^ S.^ ^w^ ^^ ^— ' -^-^ 1 C a) c X lO M -J "ft -tH 1 X fC »ft W N M JJ=^ X 00 X X X X Cm O -H CC M X »0 C ~ *A d3 ^ m X — . (M O CN :o O ■j:>^ (M fft CC (>< (M 0 ift lO ^-H Cm c, o »ft JC X "ft r-l O O -^ _- ^ Svi (M — n i u S^ s_^ >„' v~^ -s^ S^ --^ j 'O :« "ft 1^ t- (M -?H C^ O 1 <» ^ — X X «o 1- C-. » rrj Ift -tH -tl •*< ■*! -f •* PQ .«s ^•' (%) *v o rl CO S^l X "ft O O V *j a) *-H v-H T-H f-^ •~^ <-^ ^^J .a u r*^ be °4 lO t-- t— -ti « c r^ a)**< in w5 "—I Si "—I re "ft M i-( .-H -M — 1 IM (M c-l ia i o ift c-i X 10 -< c ~ JS 'O r— 1 ^- 1— » (71 C-^ ^^ ?-H *^ a ^-^^^.^s./^^ ^^^ ' "i.^ 73 S "ft t- rft I- CO t^ O ?' SiU -f c: X re -H c « u to lo ift ift lo 10 o <0 ca ''I o tft e-i X -J — 1 o r: US'? _ _« ^ c-i ri -H --( S ol ^. >^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^w/ C I- r- cr. i-H CI -M -rft Ift cft O s -4^ ■-I CI ^ -f — -^ 10 c "ft o i^ t^ ~ X X c. — CI "ft 1^ •* cc "ft --O 10 --O 10 lO lO ■ • -y ■ -s: « o" of 5 JO 3 a -S H c a -^ B'^-' a cs X s "± i-^ •- £; Q C5 - *^ *j i< r- i" /-N ^-\ ^-^ ^-v /— \ - « C rf. t^ C". « — w — < (M ^ « i! ^ "^^-s-^ v^' 1 1 y^ 10 1— I-- 10 ^ CI — -^ "^ "ft l^ X t~- t- t- /■"NZ-N/*^. ^^/-^ ^-N sv -f 1- cr. c) o * « >w-\^— . CI — • — a'H f X C-. X n 1 CO fe^ do t- o "-1 •* M t- t^ X X X X ^-^ .^N -'^ ^V—N /~\ Z _Cl CI "ft Oi IC 1- o •ss « 1-H -w-r-l CO --H 1— 1 §2 a s.^ ^-.•'^.^^«/ 1 \^ 13 "ft 1-H X t- 1 13 t^ CI X CI -H CO J^"^ X X X X X Cm o C -f J-. CI sv *i 03 r-i ^^7-1 ^ ^> ,o " \^^ »^^' \^^ 1 I •.. o ■rr "ft "T CI -»< 1 1 •rs5 ST. t— f^ 01 X> , 03 ■* -ti "ti •«t- tl S o .o CI 1ft oi CO -o _ o ^ £ « v_^ ■^^^^^'■^^^ "5 « Cft CO SI X «t 1ft t- S^ c -^ ~ !■: i^ CO X ba ■^ f CO CO CO "ti CO CO P to C4H ^^ /^^ /'-N /"^ /-S /-^ c: o CI CO t^ 0-. CI Ci rJ W 58 — V^— 1 CI "-H ^.^ ■to v-^ ^^^^ — ' 1 !^ CO O — . 1ft o 1 t;- S xfe 01 « « CI -t* ift ^ »-H O ^" — * ^— *"< ^H ^ HH r-1 pH 1— 1 r-1 i-H rH !§ >M ,^N /^N /--V .'^N /^N /^N ■"^ ■& CI 1ft 01 CO f£ -*■ O ^^^ ..^C^s^/ ^«.• &a C". X CI t- o * p^ <5 CO — -^ t- t- "Jf OS ^ Ift 1ft »« f Tfl 'ft •* S a f-^ 1-H f— t 1— 1 f— t 1-H ^^ « rJ <:*. ,^s .^S -'^ ^^ — N .^N ^ CI 1ft Ol CO ■^ o rS'S .-H ^^ — ^ CO -H ^H — -< ^^^^^^^ I v*^ 6r « C CI — 1 X O 1 C5 S== 10 "+ O X '-H o J 1- X X t~ X X — . — F-H — rt l-H 03 X "ft !■- -f CI C 10 Z \_^ ■-« i-^ t — f— ^ eft CI cr. 1- CI o i^ -t "ft OS C; CI CO ct «■- 1ft -t* cc 'ft "ft "ft 1ft Ift "ft 1ft i-H 1— 1 i-H rH rH 1-H 1— t . . . a . . j2 1- Cf § .1 ■-J cB a c a a -e ,£-'3 &« ^ p.±; -^ -^ ^ ages. (r of children of ing result : - Toiieral result is r of children in mall among lh«' number of ehil- ing the tribes of is much smaller. s.i.ivi"i"'a saoa 1" CO 1 iH b- f-H Ci ffl CO f rHfO ^ 1 1 '^ iH M COCO »1 ^ CO 04 CO 1 to 1 lO fH \ .= 1 1 3 1 1 1 M--H 1 1 M M 1 1^- ■M 1 IM MM « «< rH l-( 1 1 1 1 1 1 r- \ -M -H ^ -HCO I-, 1 1 ,H ^•^ MM sj.Tjiijintio: 1 "* 1 ■* X .H r- ■flt IN US 1 0 rl »t 1 1 1- 1" M sjoiiiSntifi 1 1 1 1--^ SllOg 1 -^ MM I \^ 2 ' I R.io'niStma 1.^ 1- I* - 'a s _ 1- 1 1 siios »> 1 1 1 1 ! 2 sjomiim.'d « 1 1 1 1 snog C4 1 1 1 1 — f 1 gi0}i[3ini(i 1 1 1 1- 1^ 1 1 1^^, 1^ 1 Ot 1 1-H r-4 CO fH CO -^ 1— 1 suog .H ^ 1 M 1 « 1 CO « 1 rH Cl «— H 1 1 1- M M 1 « 1- 1 snog 1 § 1 CO '^ 1- M M « 1 1--^ 1 ->2 - 1 1 1 (N 1-<1-I CO .^ ^ 1 9 > 3 s.t,niiSnu(T 1 1-^ s> 1 - 1 1 <^" snog ■^.^ M '^ *- M M sasjiiJNmifl j! 1 lO CO ^ M 1- t-i SllOg f^ - 3 sia}ilSnii(i 1 1- - 1 1 1 1- 1 w »< 1 1 «■< 1 stiog 1 !«- 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 — r- 1 »< i-H C9 P Si0}i{3nt)ci I |« 1 r-^ fi CO 1 1 1 snog -H- 1 1 w 1 c^ f-H m C-1 f-< ci to 1 saoiHiimid 1 N 1 to 1- 1 1- 1 l-f ^ 1 snog l« 1- 1" 1 1 r^ r-t c. 1 1 1 1 3 q '> ! 1 — ■ — SJOtH^flMIQ 1 1 1 1 1 1 l« M 1 snog -- 1 1 i-l voars of 3 '.VO » 31 „ 14 „ 3 .. : ■• (liwl 22 17 20 y portion I staltle, u twice )llowili2 n c'liililreii. This table shows how exceedinjjly unfavourable the conditions nre among the Kwakiutl, as fourteen mothei-s have produced considerably less than eight mature children. The figures prove also that a very sli!,'iit improvement of the sanitary conditions among the Ntlakya'pamuc^ would produce an increase of the population. 'J'he cause of the extremely unfavourable conditiims among the Kwa- kiutl becomes particularly clear when the mothers are grouped in decades. When this is done we find the following result: — A,i.^c of moilier . . . 20-30 Average number of chiKlren . 2-7 .30-40 21 40-50 Iti 50-60 5-2 GO and more. 4 'J That is to say, the maximum sterility is found among women who are now from forty to fifty years old, that is, who became mature about twenty-five or thirty years ago. This agrees closely with the time wlicii the Kwakiutl sent theii- women most extensively to Victoria for jiurposcs of prostitution. During the last d(!cade a number of influential men among the tribe have set their influence against this practice, and we s^ee at the same time a rapid increase in the number of children. The youiii; women who have now an average number of 2'7 children may hope tn regain the number of children which their grandmothers had. lUit the only hope of preserving the life of the tribe lies in the most rigid su]i|)ies- sion of these visits of women to Victoria, which are still continued to a considerable extent, and in an effort to stamp out the diseases which have been caused by these visits. I \ II. The Tixneii Triue of Nicola Valley. Ill his Notes on the Shuswap People of British Columbia^ Dr. O. M. Dawson first called attention to a Tiuneh tribe which used to iidiabit ilii' Nicola Valley, but which has becomi^ extinct. Some notes on the histoiv of this tribe were given by Dr. Dawson according to information obtained fi'om Ml". J. "W. McKay, formerly Indian Agent at Kamloops, who ha.san extensive knowledge of the Indians of the interior. As parts of this information conflicted with reports which I had received, and as it secmtd desirable to gather as much information as possible on this trilK", I resolved to visit them in the course of my investigatictns. Owiiiir to pressure of time I had to give up the intended journey, and requested Mr. James Teit, who is thoroughly familiar with the Ntlakya'paumQ, to try ti> collect as much information as possible on the tribe. He visited Nicdii Valley early in March 1895, and reports the results of his work n:^ follows : — ' Trans. Iloijal Soc. Caiuuhi. vol. ix. 181)1. sod. ii. p. 23. ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIHES OF CANi^DA. 31 l)ut a portion rcuiiiin stahlp, re tliiin twice ■ the fullowiiijj n •t (\v\v\ children. 22 17 20 y coTxlitions are msidenilily It'ss ,t a very sli^lit a'pamuii would nong the Kwa- iped in decades. 60 and more. 41) rt'omon who are • mature about the time when )ria for purposes influential men :tiee, and we see en. The youiii^ n may hope to had. l-.ut. the st rigid suppres- l continued to a ases which have ildai Dr. a. M id to inhabit \\\<- ■s on the history ination oV)taiiie(l 3ops, who has an ^H parts of tl>i^ and as it secimd )n this tribe, I •ns. Owiiijr to id requested .Mr. pamuQ, to try to ; visited Ni^'l'' of his work a^^ 2:5. «I saw the three old men who are said to know the old StuwI'iiamuQ lanijuaue. which was formerly spoken in Nicola Valley, and found that they oiiiy n'mtinlxjred a few words of what they had heard from their fathers. One of thtMU could oidy give nu? live or six words, another ono, twelve, and another one twenty. As many of these words were the sanu^ T i»idy ((l)taint'd twenty distinct word.s and three phrases. I also leanunl two plaLC-namcs used by them which I think are probably Tinneh. A few of till' words which I obtained are not on the lists of J)r. Dawson and Mr. McKay. One Indian, who also knows some words of the language, is li\iiig at present in Similkamcen ; therefore I was unable to see him. It is unfortunate that the work of collecting the remains of the l.-inguage was not undertaken ,1 few years sooner. An old woman wlio was half Stiiwi'iiamuQ died in Nicola oidy five years ago. She was the last person who could talk the language properly. The three Indians whom I sasv are oulv one quarter 8tuwi'iiamu(i blood ; each of them is old and white- haired, and I should judge over seventy years of age. On of them said lie lenienibered that when he was a boy his grandfather (who was then a very (dd man and hardly able to walk) pointed out to him tiie spot on the Xit'iila a little below the lake where he (the old man) was born, and also told liini that his people had always inhabited that region. This old man must have been born in Nicola at least 120 y(>ars ago, and it seems that he had no knowledge of the origin of his tribe. 'Another old man whom I saw was taken when a lad, by his father, all over the boundaries of the tribal territory in order to impress upon him the ditfereut landmarks which constituted at that time the tribal houndaries. One of the old men nanu'd his ancestors for four generations baek, saying that at/ that time the whole tribe lived in three camps or subterranean lodges, and that there W(>re not very many ])eople in each (probaldy fi'om forty to fifty souls), and that they all wintered along Nieola River below the lake, and in clo.se proximity to each other. They alsd had two fortified houses in which they took i-efuge when tlireatened liv war parties of other tribes. The man mentioned war ])arties of Okaiiagan, Ntlakya'pamuQ, and Shuswap, who attacked their fortifications uiisiucessfully. These events happened three or four generations before his time. 'Three generations ago the tribe had .some admixture of Okai:agan ^nd Ntlakya'pamuQ blood. Some of them had wives from amcmg their tribes, and the latter took wives fi-om among them. They claim that their ti'ibo never went on war expeditions into tlie territories of other tril)es, and they say, with pride, that tiieir country is the oidy one in this region where the white men's blood has never been shed. They have a tradition that atone time their tribe was numerous and that their southern boundary extended to Keremeous, on the Lower Similkameen River. Thev have no tradition regarding a foreign oi'igin, and wei-e quite indignant when I mentioned to them Mr. McKay's theory of their being descended from a war party of (^Idlcotin. They said that when young they had heard the iikl people of the tribe telling mythological stories, but these were just the saiiio as those current among the Okanagan ami Ntlakya'pamuQ. At my ivi|U('st they told me .some of these stories which had been told to them by their grandfathers, and I recognised them as identical with those which 1 had heard at Spence's Bridge, and which are euiM-ent in slightly dif- tt'rent ver.sions among thi^ interior 8ali.sh. I questioned them exten.sively regarding the customs of tlu'ir ancestors, and found that these correspomhul 82 REroRT— 1895. I exactly to thoso of tlio Ntlakya'pamuQ. Tlioir woapons woro also exactly thosiiiic. TJHMr personal iiaiii(>s, so fai-back as they eaii tcaee them, arejilso Ktlakya J)!llllU(^ The oldest personal name that they coiihl i(ive uw was that of a man of note amonj,' them eallel Tsfuikokwa s. This is the only name that I do not recognises as Ntlakya'panuui. They said that (he puic »Stu\\ i'lianuu^ whom they had seen were of ii,l)out tins same h('it,di(, as (ho Ktlakya pannuj and ()l''"/''''. The.se nanifs are Si;i iKtianiuQ (said to mean people (if the hi^^ii country) ; Smile'kanuu; and Stuwriianuuj. The last is tlm ikuiic by which they are ))i'incii)ally known to the; Ntlakya'i)amu<^, who huvo from time innnemorial called the upper Nicola country Stuwi'ii. The Indians at Spence's liridge say tliat this is probaI)ly ono of the iiiimy forms of th<>ir word meaning " creek," such as Cawa luj, Tcawa'cj, Tc-u \v,i 111,1, ^St(•WiUU^ SKilK(iamug is decidedly a Ntlakya'pamuQ word. Sniih' kamuii is ])i'obid)ly connected with the place-name Smih'kami'n or Smilekami'nui^, of which SimilkanuH'n is a corruption. They say that about sixty ycius ago the winter habitations of the Ntlakya'pamui; extendcMl up the Nicola Kiver oidy some .seventtH'ii miles. Th(^ country above this point was recognised as belonging to the Stuwi'iianun;. The Nllakya'painu<,) calhd their division wliich lived along the Lower Nicola liiver, Tcawa (^aiiim,), but the Stuwi'iiamuci called them Nkamtci'nKunui, and looked U})on tlicm as a i)art of the divi.si!)n extending from Thompson Siding to Aslu roit. The Tcawa'QanuK^ or Cawa'Qamu(i, used in former days oidy to go into the Stuwi'ii country in the summer and fall of the year to hunt. (The reason that the Cawa'c^anmii at tliat time inhabited principally the lower ])art of Nicola River was no doubt on account of the superior tisliiiii; facilities.) When the nunilxir of horses of the Cawa'(jamu(/ ;ni(l Nkamtci'nEmu(i bi^gan to increase, many of these j)eople moved up to tin; Stiiwi'ii country on account of its good grazing, and settled tliere iiixmt fifteen years before the advent of the white minei's in IHoS. AftiM' the country was partly .settled by the wliites more Cawa'Qamu(; ainl KkamtcinrimuQ, many Uta'mk't, and some NthikyapamuQo e and Okanagan scuttled in the Stuwi'ii country, being attracted by its fariiiiiii; facilities. Shortly before the arrivjil of the whites the Okanagan com- nu'nced to make permanent settlements in the neighljourhood of Douglas Lake on account of the good grazing in that region. The Nicola Tiiiin'l!, who were ah-eady mixed with theses tribes, never offered any opposition td their settlement. At the time of the advent of the whites (IHHS) the recognised chief of the Nicola country was NKwisiskin, a Cawa'(;a)iui(j, born within seven miles of Spence's Bridge. The Ntlakya'parauq soon became the prevailing language of that district. It seems that at le-'i'-t for several generations back the Stuwi'iiamuQ simply acted on the defensive. The Ntlakya'pamuQ and Okanagan made what u.se they liked of the Stuwi'H country, hunting in it and passing through it wlieii they desired. The Okanagan always went })y that route when goiuj,' i ' trade with the NkamtcI'nEmuQ. Parties of Shuswap, Okanagan, uml Ntlakya'pamuQ on war expeditions against each other passed through the Stuwi H countiy unmolested. 'One of the old men whom I saw, named Tcuie'ska or Se'sfduskiii, is "f-w.«aiiei«ise.. ON THE NOIMM-WKHTKHN TKIUKS OF CANADA. 83 •e also exactly > th(Mn, arc also uiv I- licii^lit as tli(> , bnild. Tlicy j}\t\y iliiVcicnt, etl. They told vcs, aii Okanagan, ^"'1 ,ssed through the or Sc'suluskin, is the tirst person of the Ntiakya'paniUQ wlioin I have seen tattooed on the hndv. Jh' is one quartcM" Stuwi'iianiuii, one quartcT Okartagan, and half Nkiinitt'i ni:inu(i. lie said that formerly the WtuwiHainuc^ were occa- sionally tattooed on the body, as were also some of the Nkamtci'nEmuci.' So far Mr. Teit's report. It may he mentioned in connecition with these t'acts that the Ntlakya'pamut;, near the moutli of Nicola Valley, are the only people who use round lodges in summer, not squsire lodges, such as Tdescrihod in my i-eport on tlm Shuswap. This custom may be due to cfiiitait with the Tinneh tribe, or to that of the Okanagan, who are said tnuse rnuiul lodges. Kiom what w(^ know about Indian life, Mr. McKay's theory that the Stiiwi'liamuv ar(^ descendants of a (Jhilcotin war party, which was henn.ied ill by the Ntlakyri'i)amu(;, seems very unlikely, and Mr. Teit's data pro 'o licvoiul a (haibt that the people hav(> lived in the Similkameen and Nicol.i icc;ions for a long time. T do not doubt that they must be considcsred I tlie most northern of the isolated bands of Tinneh origin which are found I all along the Pacific coast. The following is a list of all the words belonging to the language which lliave been collected. The names of the collectors are indicated by initials, hlstaiiding foi- Mr. J. W. McKay, I), for Dr. George M. Dawson, and T, for ])!r. James Teit. Mr. T(ut adopted the same system of spelling that I use; ; j«lierp more words than one are given under his name they were obtained [fiiiiii (litlerent individuals. T-hni'h, M., man. Tct'-lmf:, D., man. TliaJc, T., man. Aootl. D.. man. Tsik-/ii, M.; tsPa-hai\ D. ; furkiii'', T., womav.. Situs; M. ; iv/.v, D. ; tias, T., bear (I)., {,'iizzly boar). Si-si.-ii/ii-i/, M., ram of mountain sIrm'p or big liorn. S'lH-iin-ni'', D., bii; deer of old ; (.'itliur wapiti or cariboo. Shir' III, T., ewo of mountain slieep. Skkki'iii, 'J'., elk. {hiahi'tz, T., elk, probably a corruption of isteha'fz, elk in Ntlakva'pamuQ. J. Teit). 7'-j)iir or fi-pae, M. ; tpi, T., ewe of mountain sheep or big horn. Ti-jil, D., mountain .-^heep. Tif-jihi, T., ram of mountain slieop. Sa-pic, M., trout ; si-pai', I).; xipni'i, T., lake trout. lliilhi'iltu'tai, T., a small iish called hi'dii'liak by the Ntlakyii'pamuQ. Tiilii'nktcin, T., a small fish called eyi'iiik by the Ntli'kya'paumg. /i'i!l;i'l!i\ 'r., ground hog. Txhd, T., buck of deer. T/ofisf-ho, M., snake ; fdon-ho', D. ; Ktlosiio', T., rattlesnake. Till-ill, M. ; ti'itxH, ti' iniq, T., bear-berry (Arctostaphylos). Trijo'ztz, T., .soap-berry. Sotl-ta-hat'-se, 1). ; uotlqa'lzi, T. ; i[llima'zi, T., wild tnirrant. Ta-ta-neij, M. ; tet-ta-a-iui', D. ; ta-a'ni, T., knife. Sa-ti'-tm-P, M. ; siifitsai'i, T., spoon made of mouniain-sheep horn. Sit-r-txfi7-i', I)., spoon. Ska-Ml-ih-kaiie, M., rush mat. Av', T., bow and arrow. .y"lf.ii'/K(; T., arrow-head. T/ntl, tlotl, T., packing line. Sii-pn, M., one. Tiiii-ih. M., two. Tlolil. M., tinw. Aii-fi/a-li-ii, M.. four. H 1—5 i:i. It. it;. 17. IH. ill. 21). 21. 22, 2:1, 24. 2r). 21; 31 REPORT -1805. -'8. F-na-Jilr-, M., five. 29. J/ifc-na-h; M., six. i\0. Ne-xliote, JI., s(^ven "" 31. K-2>a(', M., eiylit. 32. Sax, :»., nine. 33. Ti-li-fsa-i>i, M., give mo. the spoon, or bring me the spoon. 34. N-xltoie, M., fjive it to me. Etl-ioot, T., I may give yon. 35. i'/rt-rt-/('-''^i-7/3, b.. look out 1 or take care. 36. A'li'c qc„ T,, coiuf licre, cliilii ! 37. Ainn tlcqi i en qiiin, T., exact meaning u, iknown, but used like tVio swoarin;' I of the wlntes. 3X. Ta-stHozu'li, a plado-name. 3!t. Ti.'/,zi 'la, a place-name. Tliose worc^.^ sliow tliat llio dialoct was much more closely rolated tn tlie Tiniieli hin<^ua<,'es of IJritish Columbia than to those far-thcr sontli, I althougli it would seem to have ditlered fi-om the former also considpralijv, A comparison of vocabularies, which shows the relationsliips of tiurf dialects, will be found in t'le linguistic part of this report. III. The Ts'kts'.\'ut. On my second journey to British Columbia I made an effort to ninij members of a tribe that was reported as living on Portland Inlet, and nil being slaves of ~' Chief jNIountain,' the chief of a Niskvi' clan. I rccpivf^lj reports of this ti'ibe fi'oni Mi'. l)uiicaii, and sonu; additional d I'.i \v--f leained from the T^imshian. On my last trip T visited the vi!'. Kinkolith, at the moucli of Nass Kivei', whither the tribe was vS. id to rr- at certain seasons of the year. There I found a boy named .]wv. and one young man named Timothy ; later on, after a prolonged si ,. I found an elderly man, I^evi. From these three men the t'olI'V-l ing information was obtained. Le\ i was the only one who spokp did language well, while the two young men used almost exch]siv(dy Nisk-a' in their conversatiiHis. All the ethnological and historicd - were given by Levi. The language proved, as I ; aticipated, to he a T dialect. The tribe is called by the Xisk'a' and by the Tsiinsl, Ts'Ktsa'ut those- of the interior, liy this name are designated i !! ill Tinneli tribes of the interior. It does not ref(M' to anyone tribe txil sively, and corresponds to the Tlingit name Cunana'. The nnnilnTfll members of the tribe is reduced at present t' about tw(dve, and only i- of these continue to speak their own languagt- forrectly. The iiini| name of the tribe is forgotten, and we must therefore continue td i nate them as Ts'Kts'a'ut. According to the testimony of the Xiska i of the Ts'Ktsa'ut, the latter form a trilx; ditFercnt from the Laij'uyi'iM- the prairie), who have their principal villages on the liead waters of i Stikcen Ili\er. They are called Naqkyina (on the other sid<') I'V 1 Ts'Kts'a'ut. Their town is calh'd Cuna()a,'. Levi named three cl " related tribes whose languages are dillerent though nuitually intellii;ii'l« the Tahltan (Ta'tltan), of Stikeen and Lskoot Rivers; theLa(|'uyi| Nafikyina, of the head waters of the Stikeen ; and the Ts'Kts'a ut. lij houK! of the last named tribe extend(^d from a little north of Tcuni (Chunah) Ui\('".", in the e.xti-eme north-eastern corner of Jiehiii Clmii eastward to Olwervatory Inlet, northward to the watershed of ht* River. About sixty years ago this tribr' nund)ei'ed about five Inin'lrj so.ls, but they were exterminated i)y continued attacks of the ,Su '.'.■.k"il on. icd like the swparli;; closply /.•('latfd hi ose t';ii't.lit'r sdiuli, also consideraliiy. tionships of tlit^j ft. ; an effort to tiwl; :land Inlet, andiiij ' clan, I rocpivf' ilitional d'lta \»n visited the vill;:.^ e was s 'il to n- y named Juiii' t prolon C(»ntinne *n < I of theNisk-a a:.i tlie Latj'uyt'pi;"' liead waters ot other si(]<') 1>,\" n times inuch more frefpiently on Eehm Channel than on Portland Inlet. At that time they were on friendly terms with the Sa'nak'oan (Ssangliakon, Krause)of Boca de Quadra. The cliief of the latter was their friend, iiml some of their number were in the habit of staying with the Sa nak'dnii. After his death the Sa'nak-oan intended to kill the Ts'Kts'a'ut, and to en- slave the women and children. The chiefs nephews, however, informed them of this plan, and from that time they hunted more frecjuently arouiid Portland Inlet. 'I'hcy (h<'n fell in, for the tirst time, with the iS'isk'a mi Portland Iidet. The names of men whom thev niet there were K avjui. Gunix'q, and Gyitqo'n. Three friends of the deceased chief of the Sa'nak'oan, whose naiiics were Walkicn, Tlaqo ns, and Qutk -a, resolved to })ursue the Ts'ictsa iii, whose chief at that tinu^ was K*'acgueta', a memlx'r of the Lacjski yek clan. Tla{|d'ns and (Jutk'a wei'e brothers, and tlu^ last-named liad married a K'utlk'oa ii woman. This tribe lived, at that time, on Rcxillu Gigedo Island, while nowadays they have joined tiie Sta'kiidc-oan. Thev are called by the Niska' (Jyitciael. These thi-ee men followed tiic Ts'fitsa'ut. They found that they had made- friends with the Niska, ami that most of them were hunting south of Nass Ilivei', near tlie vilhige op- posite Greenville, while some had gone to Observatory Inlet. They did imt dare to follow them into the country of the Nisk-a', and turned baek, They returned to IJoca de Quadiu, and went to a place which was owned by K/asii'qs, the chief of an eagle clan of the Sa nakoan. They call thi? place K'a'itl, wliile the Ts'KtsYi ut call the river which empties tlieiv Atqatcjaga.' This is the most southern of three rivers em{)tyin,i,' in Quadra. l>ay The middle one is callt^d Nugufega, the most northern on*' 1'setliega' in the TsKtsa ut language. In the following autunui the Ts'Kts'a'ut returned to the month of At([Mt(iag.'>/, and fell in with tin' kSa'nak'oan. The latter invited them to come down to the place v.iieie their fish was stored, wliieh they proposed to exchange for skins. Tlieic were three Laqski yek men, three Jia(|kyebr)' women, and fourteen children in the iiartv. Thev had tlu'ee guns among them. J^evi's iiniL' was one of the liainy. It was raiTiing. and as soon as they rea(died the camp the Ts'Ets'a'ut placed theii* guns over the tire in order to diy them The Sa'nak-oan had loaded their guns outsid(\ They had two long ,i,niiis and one short one. A Tongass woman, wlio was married to one of the Sa'nak-oan, was friendly to tlie Ts'iots a ut, as were all tlie members of iier tribe, and she cried all the time in ordei- to w.-irn them, but they did not understand what sli(> meant. In order to pro\oke a (|uarr(d Thni'i n.s, who owned the short gun, asked one of the Ts'lUsa'ut if he thought that thi' gun wr.uld kill a bear. The TsF.ts'a'ul thought it was too small. Tln"i ria(|o lis look the guns of tluf Ts'Kts'a ut, wliieh were small-bore, from thi' diying frame, and, under })retence of examining them, placed tlicni mn ON THE N0J{TH- WESTERN TH11J1':S OF CANADA. 37 of tiicir icacli. He said that his gun was wide-bore, and that he liad only cut oli flio liarrel in order to make it handier. He pretended to take otli'iice at the deprecatory remarks of the Ts'Kts'a'ut and shot him. At this .si.unal his com])anions shot the other men. They took the bodices and the women and children in their canoe, and threw the former into the sea. ^VIu'ii the Ts'Ets'a ut heard of what had happened, they went to Nass River ill Older to attack the Sa nak'oan when they should come to buy olachen j,rtasi'. But they tlid not dare to come for sevei'al years. From that time the Ts'iits'a'ut made Portland Ldet their headquarters. These (■\>'iits happened l^efore Levi was born, i.<;., about sixty years ago. But the .ittacks of th(^ 8a'nak*oan continued afteiwards. Whenever one of till i> chiefs died, they tried to kill some of the Ts'Ets'a'ut, and to obtain sliivcs from among their numlx'r. At oiu! time an uncle of Levi liad run away with a girl whose |i,iiciits refused to give her to him in marriage. At TIalil)ut Bay 111' iiier- a Niskva', whom he requested to take him across the inlet. 'Jiic Xisk a', who wanted to buy mai't.iot skins, proposed to go back to Nass River to fetch powder and leaxl, and was going to return in order t(i take the couple across the inlet. hi return the Ts'Ets'a'ut was 10 catch for him a certain number of Jiiarmots. While he was away a riiuie carrying three Nisk'a' men (dlyitcjo ii, a Laqski'yek ; Nesqba'k't, a (iyispawaduwK'da ; and 8lnatl6'6t, a K'anha (In) landed. The Ts'Ets'a'ut liwcd .some marmot skins to the first of these men, who demanded imme- ilMtt' jiayment. The Ts'Kts'Yrut ex))laiiie(l that he had no skins, because 111' liad run away with a girl, but (lyitqo'n did not listen. He got angry, ,111(1 killed the Ts Kts'a ut with his axe. The woman ran away, but .\cs([ha'kt shot and killed her. Then they buried them at the foot of a rii'O. After a while t ne first Nisk'a' I'eturned, but did not find the couple. W'lien he saw their dog running about, he thought that the three men whom he had met might have killed them. He went to Tombstone Bay, wlicre many 'J's'Ets'a ut wei'C encamped, in ord<;r to catch salmon. He took the (log along, and told them what had happened. Then all those who were encanqied at the Bay, about iifty in nundjer, struck camp because they becauH! afraid of the Nisk'a'. They were more willing to brave the attacks of the Sa'nak'oan than those of the more numi^rous Nisk'a'. ' )iie of the Sa nak'oan had a Ts'Ets'a'ut woman for his wife. They fell in with him, and h(^ took them to the large island K'a tik' (Tlingit name; pro hahly Kexilla (Jigedo Island). After some time the K'u'tlk-oaii learned of their whereabouts and searched for tliem. When they had found them 'hey wanted to remove them to the mainland. The Ts'Ets'a'ut agreed to li% but during the night, while all were asleep, the K'u'tlk'oan produced tht'ir iTuns which thoy had hiddcTi, y,iid shot all the men and women. One of the T.s Ets'a nt, who had a gun, was killed whih' he was aiming at one "f tlii'ir aggressors. They put the children into their canoe as slaves, but as thci'e were too many of them they threw eight of their number into the sea. Thirty were enslaverl. Another (piarrel took ]ilace about forty-tive years ago. (Jne winter, ■ihnut tjie month of February, Levi's father and several other men went tioin Portland [nlet to Qaitl, wdiich is a river near Ten iiaq. They I'i'ohod their camp near the mouth of the river. After some time one uiitn and Ids wife saw a canoe coming. When the canoe landed they saw that several Sa'nak'oan were in it. The latter gave them t.obacco, powder, ■uJ halls, and inquired for their camp. After they had l«arned wl Te it HKroHT— 1805. It i was, tliey promised to call thore on the following day. The 8a'nak-oan i-amped in the entrance of a sinall l)ay. On the following morning tliev went to the camp nf (lie Ts'iit^^Viut, and after liaving eaten tliey hrgiui to trade, the Sa'nak'oan buying skins for tobacco, powder, lead, and shirts. On tl e following morning two 8a nak'oan brothers, K'atse'el and Ya(|tr' it, remarked that there were many ciows on the beach, and took up their guns in order to shoot them. After a short while they re-entered the hut, one of them holding his gun under his blanket. He aimed at one of the Ts'Ets'a'ut, hiding his gun under his blanket all the time, and shot him. At this signal his brother shot another man, and a third of the Sii nakoau. whose names were K'ahottV and Nag'atse' (Fox), shot a third niati. Tho others drew their daggers, and killed all the Ts'KtsYi'ut men. They en- slaved the women and child>en, and took them to Kevilla Gigedo Lslaiid, where they stayed the rest of the winter. In the sjtring of the year Levi's mother made good her escape, taking her two children along. She made a bark canoe, crossed Behm Channel, and after two months of hard- ships they reached Tombstone Bay, on Portland Inlet, where they met tlie Ts'Ets aut who had stayed on the inlet. ' Eve,' who is old now, was sold at that time to the Sketk'oa'n, from whom she e.scaped. At another time, while Levi was a boy, the Ts'Ets'fi'ut had a war with the Laq'uyi'p. At that time his sister had just mai'ried a man named NKgustsikatsa'. They were hunting north of the upper reaches of Nass Kiver. WIhmi they returned to Portland Inlet a paity of Laq'uyi'p came there accompanying a Ts'Ets'a ut hunter. The Ts'icts'a'ut had one gun among them, aiul were about to shoot at the Lacj'uyi'p when their country man asked tliem to desist, as the Lag'uyi p had come to make peace and to pay for those who had been killed in previous wars. The Ts'Ets'a'iu allowed them to approach and gave them to eat. When they were about to go to bed they showed tlie Lacjuyip their gun. One of the latter kept it, and in the ensuing quarrel he shot two of th(! Ts'icts'a'ut. Levi added here that in olden times his countrymen were ' as stupid as ghosts.' These historical dntii define thnr territoiy fairly well.' ' ^Ir. ,1. \V, McKay on lieariiig indirectly of my researches at Portland Tnlot pnblisslied in a journal which eoiiiniands some authority in Canada ( '/'/ic I'roriiici; Victoria, B.C., December 2'.>, IS'lt) a correction before any of my observations wi'it; made pubic. He says that the.se Indians ' belonLT to the Kiinami, n 'nbe which in- iiabiis ihe lower Stikine Valley, and whose headi|uarters are at Tahian. on the lir-t norih fork of the Stikine River. About forty years ajro three or four families of tlie.-i' Indians were hnntinji- in tlu; nei^ddtouriiood of the head w.iters of the JSkoot (Iskdoi), a large tril)ntary of the Stikine. Game was scarce, rlie prospect of a, hard winkT stared them in the face: they accnrdingly decided to make for (^hnnah, on tlic .scii- cdiist, at the head of Hclun inlet. They took a wrong direction and struck llie coii.st on the west shore of Portland Channel. They were then discovered by one of tlic headmen of the Naas tribe, wlio arranged with th(;in to protect them from molestntimi provided that they sold all the product of their fur hunts to him at his price. lbiviii<,' no alternative but to accept his proposiiion, or be sold into .slavery, tlicy agreed tn be his vassils. ,ind have remaind as such to his heirs atul assigns to this day. Tlif) arc not tin; renniants of a tribe, tht-\ belong to a tribe which still maintains iis normal strength in the vallc'v of the Stikine;.' In a letter addressed to Dr. G. M. Dawson and dated Victoria, B.C., January !'• 18i>o, Mr. McKay makes the following adcbl ional stateni(!iil : 'J have your htter of the Hth instant touching Dr. Hoas's discfwe-n .■ t' a reinnan? of a tribe of Indians on Portland Canal. The facts of the case are sulw.t4inti:)ny .is sated in '/7ic I'l-oriiirr, aial were made known to me incidentally during my sij'.airii in '"a-^siar. ' i wa- one day encamped near the Tahllan Hiver when some Naa.- Indiar- ■ .uiic 1 ON THE NOUTH WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA.'' 39 15.c:., January !'•■ S'iui.- IiKlirtr - ->;iif Tn regard to the personal appearance of the Ts'icts'a'ut I refer to the nieasureiuenta contained in the tirst part of this report. TIig individuals wliom 1 saw were short, of li,£fht colour, with broad and flat faces and low noses. Their mouths wert full. Their general appearance is very much like tliat of the Nisk-a', Tlioy have no fixed villages, but make a camp wherever tl)ey intend to Imiit. Their staple food is porcupine, marmot, mountain-gout, and bear. The skins of these animals supply the material for clothing. In sunnner tlicy go down the invers of Portland Inlet to catch salmon, which they dry for winter use. At present th(!y wear white man's clothing, but according to Levi's descriptions their old style clothing corresponded to that of other Tinneh triljps. Both sexes wore high boots (kiie) made of marmot skins and rt'iiching to the thighs, and pants (r-k lay e ) made of curvicd skins. Men w ire a leather jacket (aya'n) cut like a shirt and reaching to the middle of the thigh. In winter they wore a jacket of marmot skins with mittens atta:liod (agotsqa') and threw a robe of birdskiiis (tss'ii) over their sliuuidcrs. In travelling they tied the robe ai'uund their waists by means (if a belt (si''). Women wore a short coat, which was tied around the wiist (atlar'), and a jacket (tl'a), both being made of mountain-goatskins. Jlic skin of the belly of the beaver was also used for the manufacture of clutliing. In recent times both sexes have adopted the use of the moccasin iiitn my camp and cnniplnitied that Na-iiok. the chief of tli(! Taliltan Kii-na-iias, wiuild not lut them proceed to DeasK Lake unless they ])aiiiiipsliian Peninsula, and set tied thereon. The Tongas, being forced to r(din(|uish their liglits tlierein, retired to the oast and islan(^s immediately north of iheentiarce til i'ori land Canab If there wero any inhabitants in Portland Inlet wheiitlie Tlinkeet s iii'st reached that loi'ality. they would have been exterminated or otherwise absorlied 1h the latter race iieforc thel'simshian race made its appearance on the scene of action. I no Tniigas would be the most likely Indians to give what information may be liitainalile respecting any race more ancient than themselves, which may iiave existed ill tlio locality under consideration. The Tlinkeets of Capo Fox might also be able ti) throw some light cm the subject. 'Von are awaie that the Kn-na-nas f)f the Stikine Valley are closely allied to tJie biiikiets of that section, i.e. the Skat-kwan. T\w Skat-kwan are closely allied to ;.e ToiiLMs. and these facts may account for the Na:is Indians' moderate treatnu^nt "* liie little band of Ku-na-nas who unfortunately tumbled, as it were, into the lands ' ' tile stranger, and stranger meant enemy in the days and in Mie couittry of whiidi 1 'ill writing. Had they reached Chunah, n^ the head of the Behm Canal, the li"iiit for which they were making, they W(udd lia.ve been amongst their friends tiie Sk.i'-lf the deceased laborate. Tlio moinber. The ^ partake of u 'cast in honour burnt for him. b. After they t down around ths with tlieir i)ny is repeated I day, and tlio 16 death of Hie lo not undress ' urine and put Ts'Kts'a'ut in who was with fore dyinj:; slie id reared thein. Inlet to catch ivel as quickly mable to rcaih lut and caiiippd I children weiv woman awoke, eautiful villai;e. 8he entered ;i le knew that she sister cried with tw the tribe and "t the house and irmot meat and hem home. Slu' lan took the bag and the dish and went home. The trail led up the river through a beautiful valley. Finally she came to a pass leadin-m ill lisil'ylltl mil (lyigya't. to look at the people. ON THE NOHTII-WESTEKN TRIHES OF CANADA. 53 the deceased After the Sfiuid and the rock Imd disappeared a man wearing the sun mask appeared in the door, and when the people began to sing his sniij,' fi movable sun which was attached to the mask b<'gan to turn. The ,>.iiii Ix'ldii^'s to tlie (jryispawaduwK'(hi ; the squid reminds the peoph; that ,iiit' of his father's ancestors when hunting squids at ebb tide was cap- fiiml by a huge animal. His friends tried to liberate him, but weie iiii,il)I(! to do so. When the water began to rise; they pulled a bag f»f MM-lion guts over his head, hoping that the air in it might enable him to survive, but when they looked for him at the next tide they found him (Icacl. After the festival 'Chief Mountain' erected the memorial column. It rcj)res»!iited, from below upwards, tirst four men called Loayo'k's, or the foiniuanders. These are a crest of the GyispawaduwK'da. Tradition siys that one night some men for some purpose (^ug a hole behind a liMiiso near a grave-tree. They saw an open place in the woods, a fire in tilt' middle, and ghosts were dancing around it wearing head- dresses. They weie sitting there as though tliey were in a house, but the men s;iw only a pole where the door of this house would have been. Four men cilli'd Loayo'kvs were standing at the door, and called to them 7in(/nn't ! To tliis side ! ) Since that time the GyispawaduwE'da have used these tii,'ures. On top of the four men was the sea-bear (mF.dVek nn nkya) with three lins on his back. Each tin had a human face at its base. His father had re(|uested him to put the killer whale on the column, but lie preferred to place the sea-bear on it because it is the highest crest of the GyispawaduwE'da. The tradition of the sea-bear tells how four lirothers went down Skeena River and were taken to the bottom of the sea by Hagula'k', a sea monster, over whose house they had anchored. His house had a number of platforms. Inside were the killer whales, Hayjula'k-'s men. He had four kettles, called Lukewarm, Warm, Hot, Tloiling, and a hat in shape of a sea monster, with a number of rings on top. The name of his house was Helahai'dKk* (near the Haida country). He gave the brothers the right to use all these objects, and with them their songs, which are sung at all great ceremonies of the elan. The song of the house is as follows : — SHi^S^^ Kg mi la ye e kdesku na de k-.a a mi la ye des ku na rms in the rear F«F==^ de hola hai deg-i ye dcya gO e nu el wi hagu-lok- aya go. 1.0. My friend, walk close to the country of the Haida, the great HaguU'k-. TTaguiri'k- also gave them two cradle songs, which are sung for ' hiklren of the clan and also at funerals. Atlifwa'sKiu (iiinu't, aflgtvil'sh.m , is also a Kwakiutl word designating eating.] The original tradition mentions three societies tiiiiy— the second, third, fourth. This shows that the tirst is not a secret .society, pioperly speaking, and that the fifth and sixth are later intro (liutioiis. The Nisk'a' state that with the ceremonies came the use of lar;^e whistles. The Kwakiutl of Fort Rupert state also that the use of large \vliistl»!8 and the custom of eating slaves and corpses and of biting pieces of tiosli out of the arms of people came to them from the He'iltsuk. We must assume, therefore, that these ceremonies originated in the region of Milhaiik Hound. As the legends of these societies throw a clear light upon tlieir practices, I will give the Nisk-a' tradition of the origin of the M'oiot societies in full. A Wutsda' (Bellabella) named Sagaitla'bEn ( . Nisk-a' name) went liuiiting. He saw a bear, which he pui'sued. He shot it several times, but was uiialde to kill it. Finally the bear reached a "teep clitf" which opened and let him in. As soon as he entered he h ,' and he fainted. Then his soul was taken into the house. Ill the rear of the house he saw a large room paiiitioned oti". The par- iti<»n was hung with red cedar-bark. It was the secret room of the Olala' (jitii'utl). To the right of the door, on entering, was a secret room for the Mritla', and to the left of the door one for the LotlE'm. The chief, who was sitting in the rear of the house, ordered a fire to be made, and spoke : 'Those here are the Meitla' ; they did not bring you here. Those are the I/itlK'm ; they eat dogs ; they did not bring you here. But these are the t'lfila' ; they eat men ; they brought you here. You shall imitate what tlioy are doing.' He had a heavy ring of red cedar-bark around his neck, .a ling of the same material on his head, and wore a bearskin. He said : 'You must use the same ornaments when you return to your people.' He took a whistle out of his own mouth and gave it to Sag'aitla'bEn. He gave liiiii his small neck-ring of cedar-bark, which instilled into him the desire of devouring men (therefore it is called k''dtsq Ein IOh, cedar-bark throat), and he gave him large cedar-bark rings and a small bearskin, which enabled him to fly. He told him : ' You shall kill men, you shall eat them, and carry them to my house.' Then he opened the door. The singers >iiing and beat time, and Sag'aitla'bEn flew away from town to town over the whole world, crying ' hap ' all the time. He went from the country of the Wutsda to Skeena River and to Nass River. Sometimes lie was seen sitting on high cliffs. He killed and devoured people whom he found in the woods. After three years he was ser.n near the village of the Gyit'ama't. They attempted to catch him. They killed dogs and threw them into a hole, and a number of shamans hid under a canoe near by. Soon he was heard to approach. He alighted on the top of a dry cedar. He lay there on his stomach, and the point of the tree was seen to penetrate his body and to pierce it. But it did not kill him. When he saw the dogs he Hew down, and, after having eaten, the shamans rushed up to him, caught him, and took him up to the house. They tried to cure him, and the people i 56 REPORT — 1895. sang Olala' songs, all of which have a tive-part rliythm ( J J^ J). He tried to fly again, but was unable to get out of the house. Finally he was tamed and becar e a man. Then the (Jiyit'ama't took him back to his Iiome and received in return many slaves, coppers, and cant^es. The ceremonies take place in the month Lokya Em gnnd'k (cold month, or December). The LotlE'm dance in a two-part rhythm : their call is a sharp h, h ; their movements sudden jerks of the forearms, first the left moving up to the shoulder, while the right moves down, then vice vprsd. The Meitla' dance in a three-part rhythm. The last two dances correspond to the Nontsista'latl of the Kwakiutl. When the members of -these societies are in a state of ecstasy, they throw fire around and knock to pieces canoes, houses, and anything they can lay their hands on. The insignia of the societies are made of cedar-bark dyed red in a decoction of alder-bark. For each repetition of the ceremony a new ring is added to the head ornament of the dancer. Those of the LotlE'm and Olala' consist therefore of rings placed one on top of the other, while the Meitla' receives first a red ring, the second time a white ring, and so on alternating. His rings are twisted together. There are only a limited number of places in the societies, and a new member can be admitted only when he inherits the place of a deceased member, or if a member transfers his place to him. If such a transfer is to take place, the consent of the chiefs of the clans must first be obtained. Then one evening the chiefs during a feast surround the youth and act as though they had caught the spirit of the society in their hands and throw it upon the novice. If he is to be a LotlE'm, a noise : hou, hofl, is heard on the roof of the house, and the youth faints. The LotlE'm (or the members of the society in which he is to be initiated) are called to investigate why the youth fainted. They enter singing, their heads covered with down. They, place him on an elk-skin, carry him around the fire, then they throw the youth upward and show the people that he is lost. After some time, when the novice is expected back, the people assemble in the house, and all the members of the nobility try to bring him back by the help of their spirits. In order to do this they dance with the head ornaments of their clans, their rattles, dancing blankets, aprons and leggings, or they use the head ornament representing two beai-s' ears, which is made of bearskin set with woman's hair, which is dyed red : this ornament is used by all clans ; or they wear masks representing their guardian spirits (nEqno'k'). As an example of these I will describe the spint of sleep (fvoq) which belongs to the GyispawaduwE'da. The owner of this spirit appears sleeping, his face covered with a mask, the eyes ot' which are shut. Then a chief steps up and tries to awake him by haulinj; the drowsiness out of him vvith both his hands. Then the eyes of the mask are opened, and roll while the man who wears the mask rises. The chief who took the drowsiness out of him asks if he shall try to put the people to sleep, and on being asked to do so he throws liis hands open. The UEqno'k- is supposed to enter the people, and all close their eyes. After some time he gathers the drowsiness again, and they awake and sing :— I '.Aiwotlwi'iqhltd', Oh ! how sleepy wo are. niivofln'Offho' : \ Oh 1 how sleepy we are. <9*RPi ON THE NOllTH-WESTEKN TRIBES OF CANADA. 57 iies, and a new Aflr i/i'!/o't't nrtl ffi/nmk' atl tsKinlaqhu' ya tla f/ifin tqal/ld'ufl (If.'u umq Whenever strikes me tlie heat of heaven ya I a^^ain comes (fut.) sleep ka\s m'hi^ Etn w6q, hia ! to the husband of sleep, kua ! I : AiiiiothvotiJtnd' , aiwotlmaqki)' : | Oh ! how sleepy we are. Oh ! how sleepy we are. Ill this manner the spirit of sleep proves his presence and is asked to trv to bring back the novice. One nnjnu'k' after the other tries to bring him back. If the novice does not return by midnight of tlie first night, the ceremony is interrupted ,111(1 contiimed the fcjUowing night. On one occasion a member of the L'ltlE in was the last to try. He took his ni:qnd'k', a small carved human iiiifige, held it up, and asked it to bring back the novice. Then he poured a sjioon of grease into the fire and threw the carving after it. At cmce the whistles of the novice were heard on the roof. All the LotlEm lushed out of the house, but soon they returned, saying that they had seen him, but lost him again. They cried, ' eh ! ' (drawn out very long). Then all the people left the house. After the novice is lost in this manner lie is expected back on the following day. Early in the morning a killer- whale or some other animal is seen on the river carrying the novice on his back. He is crying rnd, md, md, rnd ! all the time, and the people go t(i si'e him. The LotlE'm take a canoe and paddle, singing, towards the novice. When they have almost reached him one of their number, who stays ashore and wears a bearskin, drives all the people into the houses. The LotlE'm take the novice into their canoe and destroy the whale float which carries him, and which is manipulated by means of ropes. Then lie runs up and down the street like one wild, and the Olala' follow him jiiid bite any of the profane who dare to leave the house. The novice catches a dog, tears it to pieces, and eats it going from house to house. When returning he is naked. Then they enter his house, which becomes taliooed. A rope hung with red cedar-bark is stretched from the door of the house to a pole erected on the beach, preventing the people from pass- ing in fnmt of the house and compelling them to go behind. A large ring (if cedar-bark is fastened to the pole in front of the house. These remain on the house for a day after the return of the novice. On the following (lay four men put on bearskins and place rings of red cedar-bark on their heads. Thus attired they go from house to house inviting the Iieople to see the dance of the novice and to learn his songs. When the people have assembled, the uncleof the novice throws blankets on the ground, im which the novice dances. Then his uncle pays the chiefs who tried to hring him back, and distributes blankets among the other people also. He ,!,nves a feast consisting of two kinds of berries, each mixed with grease. Chiefs are given large spocms filled with grease. Their people help them to empty the contents, as they nmst not leave any of the food that they receive. After the ceremony the novice is called tlaamyya't (a perfect man). The man wh<» wants to become a member of the Olala' must have been a hi'lai't (shaman) first. The fftllowing description of the initiation of an Olala' was given by a man who had gone through the ceremony himself, but who is a Christian now. It is a question to my mind if the ceremonies at the grave about which he told me were actually pei'formcd, or if he reflected only the (Ireud in which the Olala' were held. 58 REPORT — 1895. ? I n During a festival when he was to be initiated his friends pretended to begin a quarrel. They drew knives and pretended to kill him. They let him disappear and cut off the head of a dummy, which was skilfully intro- duced. Then they laid the body down, covered it, and the women began to mourn and to wail. His relatives gave a feast, distributed blankets, slaves, canoes, and coppers, and burnt the body. In short, they held a regular funeral. After hi disappearance he resorted to a grave. He took the body out of the grave and wrapped a blanket about himself and the body. Thus he lay with the corpse for a whole night. The other Olala' watched hiui from a distance. In the morning he put the body back into the ;j;rave, He continued to do so for some time in order to acquire courage. All this time, and for a whole year, he was not seen by any member of the tribe except by the Olala'. A year after his disappearance his nephew invited all the tribes to bring him back. This was done in the same manner as described .il)Ove in the case of initiation of the LotlE'm. Finally his whistles were heard, and he appeared on the roof of the house crying a lalalalala ! He dis- appeared again, and in the following night after prolonged dances he was seen on the hills dancing in a tire, which he had built in such a manner that when he danced behind it it looked from the village as though he was standing right in it. The following day he appeared carried by his totem animal. The GyispawaduwE'da are brought ba^k by a killer- whale, as described above ; the La(jkyebo' V)y a bear ; the Laqski'yek appear on the back of an eagle which rises from underground ; the K'anha'da on the back of a frog. Sometimes the novice appears on a point of land some distance from the village carrying a corpse in his arms. Then he is said to walk over the surface of the water and to come ashore in front of the village. This is accomplished by means of a raft which is covered with planks, and burdened so that it floats a short distance under the surface of the water. It is pulled by means of a rope by some of the other. Olala' while the novice is dancing on it, so that the impression \z conveyed that he has approached on the surface of the water. When he reaches the village he eats of the body which he is carrying, and one or other of the chiefs kills a slave and throws the body to the Olala', who devour it. It is said that before eating human flesh the Olala' always use emetics, and that afterwards they tickle their throats with feathers to ensure vomiting. In festivals which take place during the dancing season the Olala' receives his share first, and nobody is allowed to eat until he has begun to eat. He has a dish and a spoon of his own. These are wound with bark. Those who have been Olala' formerly are his servants and bring him food. When he hears the word lo'lsk (ghost) he gets excited and begins to bite again. After he ceases to bite and to devour men a heavy ring of red cedar-bark is placed around his neck, and he is led slowly around the liie. The ceremony is called 'making him hea,vy ' (Ki:p'afyu/), and serves to prevent his flying away and getting excited again. He must stay in his room for a whole year after his initiation. After biting he must chew the bark of ' devil's club ' (woornst), which acts as a purgative.' In olden times the appearance of the artificial totem animal, or of the guardian spirit, which was described above, was considered a matter of ' See also Fifth Reporl, p. 57. \ ""'m ii mi m