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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X 16X J 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X H 32X re Idtails » du nodifier if une '■Image >s The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library Agriculture Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printvid paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant pBr la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ♦•signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole "7 signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent etre filmds i des taux de rMuction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trcp grand pour etre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd i partir d« Tangle superiaur gauche, de gauche k droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombra d'images n^cessaire. Las diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mdthode. srrata to pelure, n d □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE OF MANITOBA. INAUGURAL ADDRESS, DELIVERED BY THE PRESIDENT MR. CHARLES N. BELL, F.R.g.S., 28th FEBRUARY, 1889. I I . ; ^^^-^^^^CDTXO ^ 2sr o- 3^.) ! -ti i r PRESIDENTS INAUGURAL ADDRESS. This beiDK the first meetinK of the nnoi ?ikp\1ff '^^ ^^^^^^^ election'^of office??! dre^s n^ v^^'n^^^'^^ ^^'^''d^d me of ad- «roX"Ve°'Jur^?ne?o^f ^"o^^-d'„S; -^^^^ coming year. The avowrd ob1?c o^ ,'£« existence of our societv i- "fo n«iu - ^^^ servrSratfvestJ nHn.**^**''' *°^ Pr«- otherwSe^rtlfel^KiwXfal^^^^^^^^^ SrJt^'o ^^'^^n^^'^'^' informa-tior ^Uh tfonof fhP««i5'^^°'^ *°^ present condf may takS st^n? f^'*'**''^'. ^""^ ^he society may caKe stepn to promote the stnHv Xf hiBt^ory and science by lectures andl^he?? The society has not been idle durino- th» years of its existence, having cS?ectert^ law number of books, paSjets nani« and manuscripts, with a vSr fair^*,Su«* eum, m addition to publishing thw.?«" three papers read by members aSd mI^L don'e'bu?w^^l^"^^^*°.«/^"«hha^ o??lsearch"'tJ7abo7^^^ 'an'd^"ii^ • "I** suggest some deffi^e "lineTof 'wo'rk tU? cu, as yet, Dut few active workers Tho rapid advance of civilization is qufcklv re moving opportunities for observinQ-^^nH Qicinal preparations, mortuary customs and wantotforesi^hl Daring fcS by the intrusion of modern reasoniSg 1^ I oiTS.t1i.,yES!.,7^5tiIi^f'iiV" brought into contact with ?he InX„?T aru'"nT^<^fi„fS,.''S rottSnVK; books written on the country nSSiidad' , ?t SnoWo'u,d^°bSf„?e',Kr«^; ditipnary stories related by tCdlff«rl^; e;?en?r°P'^«- .' believe tliat to a gS falo was fonoT«H°K" *° '^« ^««t of theTuf^ laio was followed by a general disturbance white missionari^a Th?8 is'^T'"^*^^ 17^ ifr^J i5 u°^° this prairie countrvin ||»4nTht'".'uTferu,iH " d StiiUhS ^'orHiieX-'S IMIkely ob"ina"te '' '"' """'' ' W' con^tSt''fe'!K°ga1.°e;"'"°IS ♦ letters recently brought to light will sup- i f>lv information on the educational facil- ties ottered in the lied River Settlement ! in is2r)-:j:<. ^ ' An explanation of the dillerent forms of < government that have prevailed in the > Selkirk Settlement would be an import- ; tant addition to our papers on the history of the settlement. As each Journal, kept by the early fur- traders, is discovered, we tlrd menlion made of forts and trading posts not refer- red to elsewhere. While a list of some of these old esta'jlishments has been pub- lished bv the society, many additions have been made to our store of knowledge dur- ing the past two years, and it is important that the later information should be placed in print. . Speaking in a general way, with the exception of some papers in the French archives, Mackenzie's voyage to the Fro/en Sea and the unpublisned journal of John McDonald, now in my own keep- ing, we are without information as to the history of the Northwest from 173(5 to IHCO. Every effort should be made to ob- tain possession of the journals of Sir A. McKenzie and Col. A. N. McLeod which, it is understood, are still in existence. There are certain historic spots in or near this city, such as the old Fort Garry Gateway and the sites of Fort Douglas and of the fight between Governor Semple of the Hudson's Bay Co and the Bois- Brulez in IHKi, on the main road at Ink- ster's Creek, which should be secured or marked in some way as pertaining to im- portant epochs in the history of the coun- try. There is reason to believe that a move of this kind would be popular. To members who are of a geological turn of mind there is a rich field tj ex- plore. Our museum bears evidence of the fact that within a short distance of these rooms there is an abundance of material for the palaeontologist to collect and study. The daily paoers frequently con- tain items of information regarding the revelations made of earth and rock forma- tions in the boring of wells throughout the Province, and with but little labor and inquirv suflicient data can be collected, on this subject, to form the basis of a paper of practical value. Papers on min- eralogy dealing with the gold, silver, lead, iron, asbestos and other deposits of ihe Lake of the Woods and Lake Winnipeg districts; the marble, gypsum, salt and petroleum formations of the region sur- rounding lakes Manitoba, Winnipegoosis, Dauphin and Swan, and the coal beds of the Souris and Saskatchewans will be timely and welcome as agents for drawing attention to the mineral resources of this vast territory. Meteorology should prove to us a fruit- ful subject. 'The Government's records, as published, do not extend to beyond the voar 1>^"1, but there are within reach journals and books which give more or less information covering odd portions of the present century. Important data of the areas efi'ected by early frosts, with the degree of severity experienced in the ele- vated plateaus and lowlands, the wooded and plain districts, the land adjoining lakes and rivers and on the open prairie, the light and heavy so'ls, etc., might be collected and turned to practical benefit m the future. The cause of extraordinary high water in our rivers, resulting at times in floods, is to be investigated and placed on record, while the periodical rise and fall of the water in lakes like Mani- toba and the Lake of the Woods, if de- scribed and the causes explained, would be instructive. The action of frost on soils in Manitoba has received some attention from mem- bers of this society, but extended obser- vations mast be made, during a series of years, to obtain sufficient material to found any trust worthy conclusions upon. The botanical field is almost a virgin one. As the dairy interests of this Pro- vince are becoming a prominent feature of the country's sources of wealth, a care- fully prepared paper on the native grasses and the vegetable growths injurious to animals, or inimical to the production of high grade dairy produce, is one that would be well received and bring the so- ciety's practical usefulness to the notice of the public. Some of our medical members have probably given attention to the medicinal preparations in use among the Indians, as well as their forms of anplication. The result of their observations and enquiries in this direction would prove a fitting sub- ject for a paper. That we have Seneca root, collected by Indians and exported from the Province to the United States, of a value yearly of several thousands of dollars, is well known. A listof our trees and shrubs, the ascertained limits of their growth, and details of the wild fruits indigenous to Manitoba would be of ser- vice. We have enthusiastic mushroom hunters as members. Will one of them not give us a paper on the edible fungi of the Province? So little is known of the value of this form of food, in a country producing spontaneously such a large number of varieties, that really good ser- I vices would be rendered by the publica- I tion of an article plainly describing the I forms and their usual oJaces of growth. I Wheat, barley and oats have been raised in the Red River Valley during the great- ! er part of the present century. Where did ] the seed come from, and did resowing year after year result in any distinct change of quality or yielding power i It is a well known fact that farmers in this \ province, living even but a score or two of miles apart, find that an exchange of seea now results in an improved yield and quality. As being a matter of extraordin- ary conseouence to a great grain growing district like ours, this question, in all its bearings, is one well worthy of icvesti- gallon by tlie society. Entomology will otter many induce- ments to members who take an HtH, with the d in the ele- , the wooded id adjoining ipen prairie, c, miglit be cal benefit in xtraordinary resulting at stigated and eriodlcal riwe H lilce Mani- oods, if de- led, would be in Manitoba I from, metn- iuded obser- K a series of material to UHionM upon, nost a virgin if this Pro- nent feature ialth, a care- ative jfrasaes injurious to roduction of is one that »ring the so- ;o the notice imbers have le medicinal e Indians, as [cation. The ad enquiries atittinK sub- have Seneca j,nd exported ted States, of thousands of it of our trees imits of their i wild fruits uld be of ser- c mushroom one of them Ible fungi of mown of the in a country ich a large ally good ser- f the publica- jscribing the s of growth. been raised ag the great- r. Where did did resowing any distinct ; power i It •mers in this ;ore or two of lange of seea ed yield and if extraordin- :rain growing tion, in all its hy of investi- lany induce- lo take an S'^fin^l^LS^^aJ^be'^i^i^S eJted i"nH''"^*"°5 regarding the.nh col vice Wh.ir''°-'*"'^.*^.'"*y ^^ °f ^er- froX; M '^'"'e Hingularily free so far inthTY P^^" escape them altogether kem5n fvlp*"*"'! '*'°i""i ^>«*«»theredaad pe?nle of^lM.lnf/^K''*^*"-^ dependent, as the i^/e^n'rstsa.^'^^^'^ ^^« ^'-«'" "^- nilH''ofSi''*v°'l;^''°"**°^ the wild ani- 8lS.ffvI ^ Northwest ever forms an in- Btrur-tiye and interesting line of K'nrtv of"H V i" '?■ ^'^ -"^^^^'-^'^d t*ha he advance of civilization is surely drivint: awav ani mals abundant but a fow year^ aan^ Thl gnz.ly bear figures as a leacUnrfeaturl ba k' S 't '?'^^:' °f twenty^tlve years uosts a, tU^'^^V journals written at posts on the Saskatchewans contain al lost daily entries of encouiUers with hese enormous animals, but passengers ilide smoTh v"^.^'" "'f^P'"« cars ?ow ! guae smoothly along through the deole^ ^?'^"»H"^ grounds without obtSK a Srairie S?vf. °^ '^""^^ monarchs of th? ■ prairie. Sixteen years ago, in the rmm try now traversed by the cknadiai Padflc" i ItaUway west of Medicine Hat,""tandini ' ..r„ » ' ^ *'*^'' as far as the eve could reach, great moving masses of bul?aio ^^.^^VP^'the only remnant left of these countless tens of thousands! are ess ng" in'^% '^"'^^'•^^- .^"^"^^^^ exS' the Zu.u^ '^°''''.^^ fastnesses of tlie Athabasca and Peace Rivera fhi^ ^""0"« demaciationintheraik^of years""o rtfers"/^^''!*^'^ "T'y ^ight^oi ten ThlL . * subject for investigation Ihetur returns of the Hudson Bav Com Kfccrtn^:'^*^ ^""^-^ °^ ^trevea^s ine ract that every ten years the catrh nf & '^""r °"" ^•^ddenly from hundreds 2f thousands to one-tenth of that number on^h' '^^^U''' ^«P«"ds for food mainly on the rabbit supply, there is evidentlv some connection between the pe-Sal ^ disappearance of both. The effect n?o I fnTand deenP'l^'^-^"" ""^ the excavl?- iower of thfhn P^^^^in^ propensities and SuEVn ?1^^'^«*"''' ^°Pher and mole, in- known l^ u"" * L°"« sut'cession of years, is bPPr fh«° ^t^^ ^^^'' considerable, and has wff h «^ ^l"^-'^^^ °* ''«"'^'-'^' and discussioS! With ample opportunities for observation Na ni?^'?'^'' *° ask a member of our Natural History section to g. idy un this r™sea?ch Tvon*'"". "^ '''' lesJlt^'of 'h s Ko r . ^°^f °^ fhe society's publica- lit«! ''^5^ ^y'^^ the /Islies found in tife T,^"" aiid rivers of the Northwest In Lake Winnipeg alone there are sS to be 1/ varieties, and it appears that there 18 some confii^inn in f Ha , a S .f given to families of the pike and whi e are being injured by over Mshing, and a I very important point to be taken into con- I «K?'"m '°"'- '" K«"*nK at the truth of the «*tuaUon, IS the extent to which tish mi! grate from one partof thelake to another and the cause of their appearance and dig! , appearance in certain portions of the ' h^,f rV"t *^ ' "^"""f °t years. I have no doubt but that very important evidence on these points may be obtained by inquiry? Northwest birds liave already received attention at the hands of the society, S there ,s plenty of room for cruothilogi- cally inclined students to work in yet bo far as I know, reptilliau life in this country has not been investigated and re por ed on. Who will undertake to Went!- iLl^ frop: members of the orchestra that iin^s* Th«^^.^""°« *^« summer eveS- <,^ The well-known "snake hole" at Stony Mountain, with notes of the annual Zni"f" «'^thering of the reptiles, would e'X paper ""'^^^ ""'^"*' '°' ^^ '"ter- Our museum is sadly lacking in collec- tions of fresh water and land shells. A paper on the varieties found in this Pro- ioTcXtSi^'^''^^^'^^^'^'^^^ °^- «-p"h l-HtpH%l^f National museum of the ! Ignited States has a very extensive «nri ■ I^^^^^iS ^9llrtion of birds- eggS, gather ed m Manitoba and the Territories by correspondents of the Smithsonian Instil ZfZ^.VrSr^''' ' collection flrS f^Pt™°*l'^'*^"''^®'*»' remains in Mani- toba have by no means all been examined ment"a ' tw ^'^f '^ '^ * u^*^^"''*'' ^mbink ment a few miles north of Gretna that awaits exploration, and on the Assini boine near v irden several mounds are 8?t. f'lfrp'fh':^ r^ should receive attention be- fore the plowshare destroys them. Exca. vationsmar.j at Point Douglas knd #c?t Rouge have revealed the remains of aS" ?wll. IIJ^hT^ "^r** ^t from six to twelve feet below the surface of the ground, and as time passes other "finds" of like nature will undoubtedly occur Every effort should be made to secu?e ?e I liable information concerning themT to I place on record in our archives for future It is a matter of speculation with all of of Z^n«'^*'^''7°^ ^^y ^«'-« chosen son?e fnr«^ .?-*"'^**°^ counties, parishes, elec toral divisions, cities, towns, vi laaes post o(hees and physical features /n this Province. It is not too late to collect in- formation on the subject which would be fan?p ?"? T^ °^ «^«^t historicaT?mpor! tance in future years. I would earnestly press the library com- iT.fnfpl^^^'^"^' n.*^'- *« Poss1hTe?our ist of exchanges. New societies . f simi lar character to our own are be'n" ■«" 5f luted every week. There arl 102 «eog?a'ph .ca societies 8(;attered over the world pS i!^? ^''S*''^"^® ^»th but two of them' Established in a portion of America bu I? ft! ? 6 I* recently opened to Hettleraent, Old World societleH are aiway« Klad to hear from us, and receive our transactions as cominK from a new fleld of observation and work. The history of Manitoba is beinR made from day to day. and every pamohlet, prospectus, report of public speeches issued from the printing press which re- lates to this Province, should be secured and properly catalogued for future refer- ence. Our eirorts in this direction have not been as great as they might have heen. Manv old worlcs on the Northwest are yearly becoming more difficult to obtain and increasing in marlcet value. The re- commendation to the council, made at the annual meeting, that so far as is possible additions should be made to our special collection of Northwest books, during this year, must hn borne in mind. In my onir.ion, in vlow of the fact that the socierv receives some slight amount from the Provincial Government, one of the prime objects to be held in view by our members is the securing and distri- bution of information of a practical char- acter which will be beneficial to the people of the whole Province. Charles N. Bell, President. made at fhe I Ih poHHihIe our Hpecial , during this the fact that B;ht amount nent, one of in view by a; and dintri- ictical char- to the people Bei.l, President.