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 LETTER 
 
 OF 
 
 CHIEF ENGINEER, 
 
 IN 
 
 REPLY TO RESOLUTION OF COUNCIL 
 
 FOR 
 
 INFORMATION RESPECTING WATER WORKS. 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 
 PRINTED BY J. STARKE & CO. 
 1856. 
 

 T 
 
CITY HALL, 
 
 Montreal, 22w(i January, 1856. 
 
 MEETING OF CITY COUNCIL. 
 
 ** Resolved,— That inasmuch as the Water Works have far 
 exceeded the Engineer's Estimates, and as the present unfinished 
 state of the Works indicates the necessity for a still further large 
 expenditm-e, it be hereby Resolved, that the Engineer report to 
 this Council at their next meeting, the amounts in detail now 
 required to complete the said works, and when they will be sub- 
 stantially and completely finished." 
 
 {Certified,) 
 
 J. P. SEXTON, 
 
 City Clerk 
 
•■s 
 
REPORT. 
 
 *• f ^ 
 
 ! ! 
 
 Montreal, Wh February, 1856. 
 
 J. P. SEXTON, Esq. 
 
 City Cleric, Montreal. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I have the honor herewith to transmit the 
 
 amounts in detail required to complete the New Water Works, as 
 called for by the resolution of the Council of the 22nd ultimo. 
 With respect to the time of completion — the amount of work to 
 he done is such, that no more than two months is, in my opinion, 
 required in order to execute it so far as to bring the whole into 
 use ; but the character of the work to be done, as well as the 
 state of the whole, make it desirable that this completion should 
 not be forced until the frost is out, the spring rains over, and the 
 ground and the weather fully settled. That portiim of the 
 Aqueduct Avhich is still incomplete is filled with water and ice. 
 I do not think it would be prudent to unwatcr it suddenly, or be- 
 fore the frost is out, as there would not only be some risk of 
 slides, but the cost of its completion would be greatly enhanced. 
 I would name the first of July as the earliest day when the water 
 should be admitted to the wheels, and as these should be worked 
 several weeks before the full load is put on them, I do not count 
 upon the full operation of the works before the first of August. 
 The remainder of the season will be required to complete the em- 
 bankments, drainage, and works above water level, so as to efiect 
 these in the most efiicient and economical manner. 
 
 Inasmuch as the preamble to the resolution transmitted to me 
 refers to my Estimates, I take this opportunity of making the 
 following explanations with regard to them. With respect to 
 my original estimate of ,£150,000, made in 1852, 1 quote from 
 Mr. Jervis' Report, in preference to any statement of the case 
 upon my own part. 
 
6 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 The estimate submitted by Mr. Keefer, is in gross X150,OO0, 
 currcTicy, or ^()0(),()()0. Tliis provides for placing the water 
 " in a Distributing Reservoir, at an elevation of 200 feet above 
 " the water of the harbour. * * * In regard to the first branch 
 of the estimate, I do not see that any thing is to be added. It 
 " seems to embrace all the works required, and on a plan of per- 
 " manence. The rates of estimate are liberal as compared with 
 " prices paid on the public works in this vicinity, and I do 
 " not see any ground to doubt that the work may be constructed 
 " within the cost estimated by Mr. Keefer. In regard to the se- 
 " cond section, the provision for Distributing lleservoir is for a 
 " smfaco area of 90,000 superficial feet, or a little over two acres. 
 
 " This will answer the purpose for equalizing the supply, and 
 " give a fair provision for any sudden demand for the extinguish- 
 " ment of fires. But if the ground Avere such as to admit an en- 
 " largement, say to double this capacity, at moderate cost, it 
 " would be advisable to have it. This, however, may be considered 
 " hereafter, as the Eeservoir may be enlarged at any time. The 
 " only material item that it appears important in any respect to 
 " enlarge, from the estimate, is the Rising Main. This Main 
 " will be under the action of the pumps, and for that reason, 
 *' more exposed to injury that will require a suspension of the 
 " works to repair it, and on this account, I advise that two Mains 
 " be laid, namely, one for each set of pumps, but so connected, 
 " that the water may be forced into it, by either or both sets of 
 " pumps when the other is out of repair. Mr. Keefer has pro- 
 posed a 30 inch Rising Main. Two 24 inch Mains will deliver 
 under the same head, or the same pressure, 25 per cent, more 
 " water than one 30 inch Main, and will cost about 40 per cent. 
 " more. If two 24 inch Mains are substituted they will be able 
 to carry a. larger supply when full power is required, and one 
 of them would be sufficient for ordinary supply when the other 
 " may be out of repair. It appears to me, it will be advisable to 
 " make this change in the plan for the Rising Mains. This 
 " item if adopted will add about £10,000 to the estimate. This 
 
 « 
 
 a 
 
 ii 
 
 a 
 
 ^^1 
 
 ; 
 
 !^ 
 
• i I -^ 
 
 " is tho only change that I think it necessary to propose, and this 
 
 " is rather a matter of precaution than of absolute necessity. 
 
 " Mr. Keefer will no doubt approve of this, as he has intimated 
 
 " that such precautions mi^ht be advisable. In regard to tho 
 
 " estimate in general, it ai)iiear8 to be liberal ; at tho^same time, 
 
 " it is extremely difficult in such works fully to anticipate all tho 
 
 " items of expense, -md I have usually been in the habit of pro- 
 
 " viding a contingent allowance to meet unforeseen items that 
 
 " are likely to be developed in the course of construction. This, 
 
 " Mr. Keefer informs me, has been done in preparing his estimate, 
 
 " and may be sufficient. But, though the estimate may prove 
 
 " entirely ad^iuatc to the cost of the work, I would still recom- 
 
 " mend that an allowance of ten per cent, be added to the general 
 
 " estimate. If the two 24 inch Rising MaiMs bo adopted, the ag- 
 
 " gregate general estimate will bo £160,000 currency ; and If 
 
 " my suggestion of ten per cent, for contingencies be adopted, 
 
 " the total estimate will be ,£176,000 currency. 
 
 " Tho population of tho City, as I am informed, is about 
 " 60,000. To distribute the water, taking it from the Distri- 
 " buting Reservoir, would cost not far from £1 5s. or $5 for 
 " each inhabitant. 
 
 " The cost of introducing the water to the Reservoir, as above, 
 
 would be, i:i76,000 
 
 Distribution, 75^000 
 
 Total cost of water, i:251,000 
 
 " Annual cost of water, namely : 
 
 
 
 Interest at 6 per cent, on £251,000. .JG 15,060 
 
 Annual cost for maintenance and man- 
 aging works to deliver the water in- 
 to Distributing Reservoir 1,250 ^ ., 
 
 The cost for capital in construction of the works, per 
 inhabitant 
 
 The cost for annual charges, including interest on 
 capital of all works, except repairs of distributing 
 pipes, (which latter will be small,) $1. 08 or 
 
 An. Cost. 
 
 £16,310 
 4 3 8 
 
 5 
 
8 
 
 " So tar :h rc^ijardH the cost of (lolivorinf* the water into the 
 " Distribiitiii"^ Reservoir, tho works will ivciuiro a mere trifle to 
 "add tile third wlieel and its sot of pumps to provide a sup|)ly 
 "for double the luunher of iuiial)itaiits. Tiie ex{)eMSC of distri- 
 " butioii will 1)0 increased as the City increases ;^eo^rai)hieally ; 
 " and thoufjjh the increase in expense will not e([ual the increase 
 " in poi)uhition, it may bo assumed at tho same ratio, and tho 
 " charge for water, when such increase takes i)lace in the popu- 
 " latiou, will bo for 120,000 ])eoplo. 
 
 " Original cost of works, namely : — 
 
 To and includina; Distributing Reservoir, as above, ^176,000 
 Add for third Wheel and Pumps, and for enlarge- 
 ment of Distributing Reservoir, probably, 14,000 
 
 £190,000 
 Distribution Pipes, at jei 58. for 120,000 150,000 
 
 JE310,000 
 
 Annual cost, je34 0,000, at 6 per cent £20,400 
 
 Annual cost for maintenance and managing tiie works 
 
 to deliver the water into Distributing Reservoir, . . 1,750 
 
 Total Annual cost, for 120,000 people, £22,150 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 " The cost per inhabitant, when the supply is provided for 
 " 120,000, Avill bo : 
 
 For construction, the outlay will be £2 16 8 
 
 On annual expense, including interest on capital expended 
 in construction 3 8 
 
 " How far the City may be disposed to look in anticipating 
 " provision for its growth, I cann )t determine. If, however, we 
 " regard the improvements likely to take place, and their influence 
 " on this City, as an important commercial centre, it appears 
 " reasonable to conclude, that its population will reach the num- 
 " ber assumed in the preceding calculation at no very distant 
 "■ period, and quite within the limits that in a prudent forecast, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 
 1 
 
 ** should lead to the imticipation of 8U(!h proliiniimry proviinions 
 " for a 8up{)ly of water a? iro involved in the proponed plan. 
 " Tho saving' that could be effeete<l hy erectin*,' wnvkn to moot 
 " only the Hupi)ly of the present irdiabitaiits would ho very Minall, 
 " and would involve a i)lan of works subject to continual change 
 " in its kiiain features. 
 
 " I have taken up the subject of Distributin;,' V\\)oh, t]iou<'h 
 " that doos not enter into the plan of iMr. Keefer, because they 
 " will bo indispensable to the enjoyment of the work. The 
 " City has now a considerable ((uantity of pii)e laid down, which 
 '• bo doubt will enter into any plan for general distribution, and 
 " 80 fur nAuco the expense of this portion of the work." 
 
 Mr Jervis n^comni.ndod the duplication of the Rising Main, 
 the eulai.r,n»u!ni. of ih<' l.w>servoir8, and ample provision for Dis- 
 tiibutidg the water, 
 
 The (\^rj)oratior. obt^iincd p..v.yr to raise ^^150,000 sterling, 
 which, at the lh*>n r^^ of Cifv Debentures, might reasonably be 
 estimated at ./;i8(),(,)(M,i .•.,)•. .ncy, in addition to the balance 
 ronmiuinrj'ot ilie £50,000 •.« h oh had previously been ap])ropriated 
 for disii'ibatioii, <Vr'. 
 
 J have felt it necessary tu allude to these appropriations, be- 
 cause the impressi(,n ..s been conveyed abroad, that my estimate 
 of iJSOi: was to hav. been the limit of the expenditure undertaken 
 in 1853. 
 
 The expenditure Up,m the laying of the Rising Main, and the 
 Distribution, has not been under my control, as is that of the 
 contract work,— the former having been retained in the hands of 
 the Corporation,— and I have been unable to procure the actual 
 expenditure upon the Rising Main, separate from the rest ; nor 
 under the circumstances under which this portion of the 'work 
 has been done, do I believe the Corporation would hold me res- 
 ponsible for the execution of the work at my estimate, even sup- 
 posing no ei'largcment of this portion of it had taken place. 
 The formation of two Distributing Reservoirs, instead of one^ 
 was adopted after the works of the Ac^ueduct had been let to 
 
10 
 
 competent and responsible contractors at about ,£12,500 Mow 
 my estimate, under the belief that the appropriations would be 
 sufficient, and that there would be a slight surplus from +lie 
 A(iueduct, and more es|)ecially from the conviction that the pros- 
 pects of the City then warranted this step, — tliat it would never 
 be rcn-rettod, and that it could be more efficiently and economi- 
 cally done now than at a luture day. It will be remembered, 
 that when my preliminary estimate was made the Grand Tnmk 
 Company had not hoen chartered, nor had the commencement c^ 
 the Bridi^e been anticipated. 
 
 The greatly increased expenditure for land purchases form one 
 of the principjil items Avhieh have added materially to the origi- 
 nal estimate. I have alluded to this in the report which has 
 been printed ; and altho' I do not supix)se that I will be heldres- 
 ponsil)le for un expenditure not in my department, and over which 
 1 have had no control, I Avill adduce one instance to shew the im- 
 possibility of providing f^r every case which may occur. When 
 the survey was made in 1852, the line crossed a farm Avhich 
 changed hands in March 1853, at something less than £80 per 
 arpent ; about the first of June following the Corv .ration took 
 possession of 1| acres, and on submission to arbitrators, an award 
 of £3,800 was made, being about £500 more for If acres than 
 had been paid for the whole farm of over sixty acres only three 
 months before. 
 
 About two hundred acres are occupied by the Aqueduct, for 
 which T h:xl estimated an average of about £35 per acre. In 
 the case above mentioned, che award was nearly £2000 per acre, 
 but had the Corporation been fortunate enough to have purchased 
 from the party who owned the property when my estunato was 
 made, 1: is not probable that the demand would have been the 
 one twentieth par'; of the sum since claimed for it. 
 
 The cost of the work embraced in my original estimate, has 
 undoubtedly exceeded that estimate, from various causes which 
 have more or less affected all contracts upon public work^' entered 
 into in the early part of 1853 and executed in 185'': and 1855. 
 
 •41 
 
11 
 
 ^h value of labor, and by 
 
 The war raised the price of provisions, of iron and freiffhts, and 
 the cholera brought a scarcity and hi^ 
 
 retarding the work materially increased .„. j,_.. 
 
 cipal cause has been the quality of the excavation on the line of 
 the Aqueduct. In the five miles of Aqueduct, the depth of ex- 
 cavation varies from five to upwai-ds of twenty feet. The quality 
 of this work and the proportion of i'. which might prove to be 
 rock, could only be inferred from test pits. These were as nu- 
 merous as usual, — but it has proved in almost every case, that 
 between the points where they wore sunk, the rock rises nearer to 
 the surface, and the other excavation is harder than these test 
 pits indicated. There was not only about double the quantity of 
 rock which the original test pits shewed, but there was almost as 
 great a quantity of cemented material overlying the rock, Avhich 
 was blasted with it, and was equally as expensive to remove. 
 But these were not the only difficulties. The (piality of the rock 
 as shewn by every test pit, Avas that of a soft shale ; but upon 
 WT^rking it was found to be traversed in every direction, though 
 at considerable intervals, with veins of trap or banc roiuje — oiie 
 of the har<lest i-ocks we have, — and the rcmovil of which was the 
 more expensive from, its admixture with the other. Nearly 25 
 per cent, of the whole rock excavation was of this character. 
 As the only intelligible explanation of the A(iueduct excavation, 
 I beg to transmit hercAvith a profile of the Rock KScction, shewing 
 the relaiive proportions and position of the different material. 
 
 With resi)ect to the estimated cost of the completion of the 
 Aqueduct as sent in, in April last, the only basis upon Avhich an 
 Engineer can calculate under such circumstances, is the prices at 
 Avhich the Avork has been contracted for. Whatever his OAvn 
 views might be Avitli reference to the sufficiency of those prices. 
 It Avould neither be just to the Corporation or to the contractors, 
 to assume their inabi! uy to complete their contract until it hal 
 been proved. In the one case the credit of the contractors mi'^ht 
 have been seriously affected, and in the other case a direct premi- 
 um would have been held out to them to make ncAv demands. 
 
12 
 
 At that time, in addition to their contract prices, there was 
 more than half of the Bonus applicable to the completion of the 
 Avork. The contractors claimed rock price for all material on the 
 Rock Section, which was necessarily blasted. I could not deny 
 that they were entitled to this construction under the spirit, if 
 not according to the letter, of the specification ; but when a bonus 
 had been granted to meet unforeseen difficulties, I did not feel at 
 liberty to make this classification until it became evident th?.t the 
 bonus was insufficient to cover the increased expenditure. The 
 increasing hardness of the excavation as developed every month, 
 convinced me that I could no longer withhold the classification to 
 which I believed the contractors were by the contract entitled, 
 and this course, together with the slides which subsequently took 
 place, account for the insufficiency of the estimate of last April. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 THOS. C. KEEPER. 
 
 A 
 
 1 
 
13 
 
 STATEMENT A. 
 
 ESTI]\IATE OF WORK REMAINING TO BE DONE ON 
 
 THE AQUEDUCT. 
 
 3Iontreal, 19th February, 1856. 
 
 It 
 
 Desckiption op Work. 
 
 Quantities. 
 
 Rate. 
 IDcts 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Caramon Excavation 
 
 30,000 
 
 cubic yds. 
 
 i £ s. d. 
 1 1,425 
 
 Puddle 
 
 5,000 
 
 C( 
 
 9d 
 
 187 10 
 
 Solid Rock 
 
 1,000 
 
 .( 
 
 3s 6d 
 
 1 75 
 
 Ashlar Masonry .... 
 
 150 
 
 (( 
 
 303 
 
 •J J 5 
 
 Rubble Masonry in Cement, 
 
 611| 
 
 (( 
 
 203 
 
 611 5 
 
 Do. Do. Dry, . 
 
 70 
 
 (( 
 
 17s 6d 
 
 61 5 
 
 Pavinf? on Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4. 
 
 4,179 
 
 (( 
 
 43 
 
 835 16 
 
 Do. do. 5 and 6 . 
 
 3,110 
 
 tt 
 
 5s 
 
 777 10 
 
 Rip Rap, 
 
 5,500 
 
 11 
 
 2s 6d 
 
 687 10 
 
 Macadamizing .... 
 
 10,643 
 
 « 
 
 33 9d 
 
 1,995 11 3 
 
 Soiling Slopes 
 
 10,000 
 
 (( 
 
 ls6d 
 
 750 
 
 Pine Timber .... 
 
 5,956 
 
 cubic feet. 
 
 Is 3d 
 
 372 5 
 
 Pine Timber, Plank and Scantling. ) 
 in Bridges, &c. \ 
 
 78,336 
 
 FeetBM 
 
 175s 
 
 685 8 9 
 
 Cedar Timber, . . . • . 
 
 3,375 
 
 « 
 
 1503 
 
 25 6 3 
 
 Oak Timber, .... 
 
 68 
 
 cubic feet. 
 
 ls6d 
 
 5 2 
 
 Iron Bolts, Straps, &c. 
 
 1,840 
 
 lbs. 
 
 Is 
 
 92 
 
 Fencing, (at Gregorys and Entrance) 
 
 6,382 
 
 Lineal Ft. 
 
 23 Gd 
 
 797 15 
 
 Do. (at Farm Crossings) . 
 
 5,337 
 
 i( 
 
 Is 3d 
 
 333 11 3 
 
 Completion of Wheel House, &c. . 
 
 
 
 
 148 15 
 
 Coffer Dara and Pumping on Section 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 No. 1 
 
 
 
 
 375 
 
 
 
 To 
 
 TAL, £ 
 
 10,567 10 6 
 
14 
 
 STATEMENT B. 
 
 ESTIMATE TO COMPLETE WORKS AT THE 
 DISTRIBUTING RESERVOIRS. 
 
 Montreal, IQth February, 1856. 
 
 Description of Work. 
 
 Quantities. 
 
 Rate 
 
 Dry Stone Well . 
 
 Pitching on slopes 
 
 Earth Excavation . . | 2,200 
 
 Macad.ami';ing . . . | 2,37t 
 
 Doors & Windows for Valve 
 House .... 
 
 Covering Wells, Stone Cut- 
 ting, Iron Work, &c. 
 
 Valves and iixing Sluices . 
 
 Cleaning out bottom of Res- 
 ervoir .... 
 
 Iron Railing round Wall . 
 
 1,472 cubic yds. 
 1,000 " 
 
 Road, Whst Side. — 
 Earth Excavation 
 Rock Excavation 
 Dry Stone Wall . 
 Macadamizing . 
 
 Road, South Side.- 
 Earth Excavation 
 Macadamizing . 
 
 1,500 
 
 2,000 
 560 
 547 
 948 
 
 2,856 
 1,275 
 
 10s 
 3s 9d 
 16 cts 
 SsOd 
 
 Lineal ft. 
 
 cubic yds 
 
 Amount. 
 
 cubic yds, 
 
 15s 
 
 16 cts 
 
 3s 9d 
 
 10s 
 
 33 9d 
 
 16 cts' 
 3s 9d 
 
 £ s d 
 
 736 e 
 
 187 10 
 
 88 
 
 445 13 9 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 104 
 
 50 
 
 1125 
 
 2777 3 9 2777 3 9 
 
 80 
 
 105 
 
 273 10 
 
 177 15 
 
 G3G 5 
 
 114 4 10 
 239 1 3 
 
 353 6 I 
 
 Total, £ 
 
 630 
 
 353 6 1 
 
 3767 14 10 
 
15 
 
 I 
 
 i? / 
 
 /)../■■- 
 
 ABSTRACT OF ESTMATES 
 
 TO COMPLETE^ 
 
 THE MONTREAL WATER WORKS, 
 
 EXCLUSIVE OP 
 
 LAND DAMAGES AND DISTRIBUTION. 
 , * Montreal, \Wi February, 1856. 
 
 J 
 
 £ 3 d 
 
 Aqueduct, Wheel House, d Waste Weir— 
 
 Amount per Statement A, . . . 10,56'? 10 6 
 
 Balance of Bonus to Contractors, . . 1,450 
 
 Valves, Hoisting Gear, Crabs and Platforms > -„« « « 
 
 for ditto. 5 500 
 
 Balance due upon Estimates, 
 Pipe, Track and Pumping Main — 
 
 Laying Pumping Main, 3,250 feet. 
 Laying Valves and making Wells for ditto. 
 Stop Cocks, Valves and special castings. 
 Pipe Culvert under Lachine Canal. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Distribiding Beservoirs — 
 
 Amount per Statement B, 
 Contingencies, Superintendance, &c., 
 
 12,517 10 
 
 • 
 
 6 
 — 12,517 10 6 
 2,500 
 
 1,625 
 
 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 600 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 2,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 4,476 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 4,475 0> 0> 
 
 3,767 m 10 
 
 • 
 
 AL, 
 
 2,500' 
 
 Toi 
 
 £25,760 5 4 
 
 TFOS C. KEEFER,