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This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat fiimi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-deaaoua. 'lOX 14X 18X 22X 28X 30X Th« copy filmad h«r« he* b««n raproducad thank* to tha ganaroaity of: New Brunitwick MuMum Saint John L'axamplair* filmi fut raproduit :;rica A la g4nAroaitA «1a: New BruiK'wick Museum Saint John Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha boat quality poaalbia conaidaring tha condition and lagibiiity of tho original copy and in kaaping with tlia filming contract spacificationa. Las Imagaa suh/antaa cc 4t4 raproduitaa avac la plua grand aoin, eompta tanu da la condition at da la nattati da I'axamplaira fiimA, at tn conformity avac la* condition* du :ontrat da fllmaga. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara fiimad baginning with tha front covor and anding on tha la*t paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. Ail othar original copiaa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or iiiustratad impraa- *lon, and anding on tha !aat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. I.ae axamplaira* originaux dont la couvartura nn papiar ast imprimte sont filmte an commancant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par lb darniira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'lllustration, soit par la sacond plat, saii^n la caa. Toua laa autraa axampiairas originaux sont film^ (moaning "CON- TINUED "). or tha symbol y (moaning "END' ). whichavar applias. Un daa symbolas suivants apparaftra sur la damiAra imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la caa: la symbols — ^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbolo ▼ signifia "FIN". Mapa, plataa, chart*, ate., may ba fllmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thos* too larga to ba antiraly inciudad In ona axi>08ura ara fiimad baginning in tha uppar laft hand comar, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many frama* a* raquirad. Tha following diagram* illuatrato tha mathod: Laa cartaa, planchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra film^a A daa taux do reduction diffirant*. Loraqua la ./^. 4-^ O *U XV J3». Vf x-^ V^ -».;» ITS RIGffTS ^HB DUTIES. IHBI.ITERE0v]]r mt "" 1^ SAINT JOHN PBESBYTiHAlCllfBCfl m M^BBiiTH:, >3«i iA»uAinr,i|i«i BEVOHB fSk SAINT JOHN YOUNG MEN'S (la?l|t Closittfl « Prtkl Irajjrobment AHD rvpxinvilp a» th»ib »iQ»«st BT tSB ^TT; Mlint BBlniBT. ■ , m ^■^ "^•m^^f^^tm Martho, Kerr SERMON ON LABOUR, ITS RIGHTS AND DUTIES. DELIVfiREO IN THE SAINT JOHN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ON SABBATH, 13th JANUARY, 1861, BEFORE THE SAINT JOHN YOUNG MEN'S ^ssoriation, AND FUBLISHEO AT TBBIR REQOKST. BY THE BfiV. JjOCBS BENNST. T^l SAINT JOHN, N. B. PRINTED BY BARNES AND COMPANY, PRIKCE WM. STREET. 1851. ^<^/9 ,C.-- \:^4 t^'> 'BtN giv hav M. ad fit to C01 is] lui ha] toi cai pel im; rac yoi uni gei tha yoi nee fro: sofi a ^ vai Wl anc sioi SERMON. COLOSSIANS ni. 22: »7. 1. Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh ; not with eye service, as men pleasers ; but in singleness of heart, fearing God. Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal ; knowing that ye aleo have a Master in heaven. Man was r lade to work— the feet for motion, the hand for Action, the brain for contrivance. To bring together, to fit and make useful or beautiful the things which are found scattered in a chaotic way, he is well adapted. Anterior to all questions of necessity he is suited for work. It is no consequence of the curse that he is the child of labour. It is his native vocation. He is as much made for it as hie lungs are for breathing. It is also his delight. He is not happy without it. He cannot live in inaction. The child toils as hard as the man. Toil is our normal state. Toil causes the blood to flow freely, and the vital powers to perform their duties. Toil not and rust. Toil not I it is impossible. You. may avoid ruder toils, but you will yet rack your brain to invent gentler ones. You will not dig, you have those who will do that for you; you may be under no necessity to degrade yourselves by trade, bemg gentlemen, but you will nde, dance, play varioui^'gimes that require skill, and bring out the sweat on the brow. If you disdain the useful in labour, you yet find the useless necessary. The only thing you have gained is a distinction from the meaner sort of men, perhaps, into the bargain, a soft hand, and the peculiar air of your profession — that of a gentleman — a compound article, of great expense, and variously made up according to the reigning fashion. What with dressing, lounging, visiting, dancing, gaming, and the various other unnameable avocations of the profes- >entleman, he Is generaliy a rather h&iQ worked SlUUi man, more so than many ^vho do a large amount of buBiness, and ply naeful trades. T* will he aDDarent, then, that it is not sucn a n^^^ t J She tX, or manufacturer, or labourer, since even leads. Alltnaiyou h ' or profession, or adaptation for your adopted T"^' °[, Lo hard at it, trade, and that yon be not required »» to'l. °» ^ it and ftnd that Tou have health and strength suited to it, ano ™ur We fs quite as comfortable as that of Mm ^ou -vy- C gentUn, who is supposed not to -»f ' "/:^ ratyLshouldUkeyour^.usme.Jt.re^^^^^^^ rrr ^'S mt..;^t sad - see -«J.-^ fXe been ploughmen who -re good po^s, nd ™ight have been exceUent ?'««'''«■■'• .^*"^' ^^ 'per ;orrj:^trwriat^»-^^^^^^^^ - ^A 7^iiyior:f Jse demons which tempt -n-sugg^^ 4'Site^itrrmSrrrs work. JSor are we lo r^ popular or scien- ;^g to inVout the reason of those mysteriou. di.pcnsa- W tions, wliicli eomc good people find it liard to diseeni, the only mystery being, tliat they should not have found out that they have made « wrong choice, taken up a wrong business, and then thrown their want of success to the account of Providence. This is not by any means the only way in which we charge God foolishly ; but it is a common one, and it is a wickedness to be repented of, rather than a piety giving us a title to saintship. A second thing necessary to our happy and useful work- ing is, that our bodies and minds be in healthful condition. The mental and the material in us affecft each other, and both must be in proper order. Let a man have ever such vitiU energy, if he be inclined to expend that energy on other pursuits, of what consequence to the forwarding of labour, that every bone is strong, and every sinew strung. His mind must be healthy. On the other hand, if he be nerveless and dyspeptic, of what use is resolution and will ? Many a man is called lazy, who is only weak. Children are oftentimes cruelly dealt with because they cannot learn. Bad health has clouded their intellect, and memory is at fault, and their teachers pronounce them dunces, and treat them as criminals. The physiologist and the physician are required for such children — ^not the rod. Work — ^liandi- craft work — is probably more easily carried on by an un- healthy system than mental labour ; but for both, bodily and mental health are requisites. If you cannot work, you want either moral or physical tonics. Stop till you get the machine in order. Another element of comfortable work is, that you should not have too much of it to do. Intemperance in labour is nearly as bad as drunkenness or gluttony. Some volun- tarily work too hard ; others are compelled to it. One does it for gold ; another for bread. In either case, the man will die before his time. In regard to the subject in hand then, if you take care to have these three elements embodied in your business ; a pro- per choice of it ; a sound constitution for it ; and not too much of it, yon will get on very comfortably I.Vr. T 0«-fr ¥ 9 nothing,' at present, of piety, virtue, &(\, rh 1 do not wiah to encumber the subject with matters which do not specially belong to it. If every man were his own mnstor, liis own employer, pursuing his own business in his own way, our address this evening would be of a more simple character. We sliould then only have to enlarge on the particulars which we havo already spoken of. "VVe should then only have to tell you in what way you should decide on what is your proper business : how you should pursue it, with proper regard to your health ; and in what way to guard against excesses in labour as well as idleness, with suitable maxims and ex- amples for guidance. But, society is complicated with the relations of parent and child, employer and employed, and it is often impossible for a young person to make his own selection of business ; impossible, too, frequ jntly to pursue his calling with regard to health and fitness. Many a one may say, I had no choice in the business of my lite, or he may affirm that it is impossible to pursue those rules by which life might be made tolerable or pleasant, because he is not his own master. For the mere purpose of living, he requires tq sell himself for a period to the direction of another, and in consequence of the redundaiice of labour, he is under the necessity of making a disadvantageous bar- gain, engaging to do more than the frail machine — the body — is capable of, wearing out life before its due time. Still further is this matter complicated with that rivalry in business, which compels employers who are just in their views and dealings, to exact, in self defence, from their em- ployees, more than they know to be right and proper. Each one of these parties has his own story to tell, and his own defence to make ; and to listen to the several state- ments, one would think it impossible ever to come to a fair and equitable arrangement. A young man may say, I was not consulted when devoted to my business, and it does not suit me. His parents may say, we did the best we could under the circumstances ; the employed may say, we o|.^ virnrkf^d off nnv If-fs by niiconscionablo omplovors, and we kttvc no time for tho enjoyment of life, or for bi-eatliiii^ its free and fresh air, or improving our minds; while em- ployers aflirm tliat, with a view to their own safety, it is impossible to demand less, as the profits of their business would not admit less labour or shorter time; and they may affirm that a shorter period of labour would only give a longer period to dissipations in which youth generally in- dulge. These affirmations may all be true in some instances, and false in others. The young man may not be put to the business suited to him, or he may be merely one of those dissatisfied beings, who seem born into the world with a vested right to complain. The parent may excuse himself, justly, for having settled his child in a wrong position by necessity ; or he may have done so without any fair con- sideration, or to shew his despotic authority. Tlie young man in one of our stores, may be really over-wrought, may have no time fori mprovment, may really be of high moral, and intellectual aims ; or he may be an eye servant, who does as little as possible, shirks his responsibilities whenever he can, and spends his spare time in the dissipations which unfit him for his business. In these circumstances— with all their pros and cons— what, you may well ask, can be done to bring things which are evidently wrong, into a right method of working. For, in this great machine, in which human creatures are the wheels, as soon as you seem to have reduced the diamter of one to its proper dimen- sions, it is found that you will require to enlarge the diameter of another to suit it in working, that change still necessi- tating other changes, and when you appear to have righted every thing, there will most likely be some element left out of the calculation, so that though the machine stUl goes, it works no better than it did before. This metaphorical illustration will be itself illustrated, by referring to what takes place when strikes are made for higher wages, and shorter time. Let us take the instance of some trade. The men engaged in-we shaU suppose house building-^and lest we should give rise to any un- necessarv suspicion of local int"'—*- i*»a*-u- t i-„iij.. lit n i I ^ 8 of wUbh wo s^aK be ^^^^J^ZX^^^^ wages, and *Uorter time. T^e^f*'''^ and by acceding to aflfrdthi., weonly get so >»"?l'f^Xriy done away, the demands mode, <'"F?*^~'; the demand-they But. lot us suppose that f «? ^T^^ cannot take con- then say, we must Vro^^^^^^x^Zntly demand much tracts at former rates. ™«y ''""^ proprietors of houses higher rates for the same work Jhe pr p ^ ^^ ^^ ea^Hsweeannotg^jve-^-^oriy^ ^^^^^^^^^ absolute necessity. Th* «°'*'*J '; ^ntracta, and many and improve. '«'« »tf** "^^ /XZloym^n*- Tins is of the workmen are throv.-a o^^^^e works nobette.- for yourhavmg enl.rgea ^-^ itisin danger of commg toiled thehours of labour. ^'^^''^^^y\, reverting to a dead lock; and the,, may b^ -J^^^^ ,^„gent, to the Pr^-"™^"'^^ It Sus to the making of the in order to work as well as previous extravagant demand. ^^^^^ ^ ^^y be, Bat, tins w on.y o"«/"r ° w^oss, are miking enor- ihat employers in r^-'^'lf^^^'Xti^g and under paying tiieir servants. Ttey nave b polled to reUnquish are determined to keep it, unto eomp^ ^.^^^ their hold, ^y .--;:?f i^r^'su^e^sful, for the em- it is perfectlyjusbfiabl^ f!:Zr protection. But,I amin ployed to t»kera!"^,t„ty office as a preacher, and **^- ^"Stic^SrrSsrPoUticaleconomyis^; becoming a political eoouv p^pellent way. and yet ohow I »f J- ^^^ TZ emlidi^l in the Tte way which ^f 5^^*^ . in all things your words of our ^^••-^' g^^f ; n^ with eye service^- roasters, aecordmg to te ton , ^ g^ ^ roeupUasers^^'-B^gl^-i^.^i, j„et and equal, ters, give unto your sarv^^^j^^^,^... knowing that ye »^<^ 'r-r-^Tflrst place, that the Apostle 9 higher cannot ding to J away. ,— they Ke con- dmucli [ houses cases of bo build id many Tliic is 10 better and cur- f coming reverting stringent, Qg of the , may be, iing enor- Ler paying and tbey relinquish [this kind, •or the em- lutjlamin acher, and ny is good; lied in the things your service, as God. Has- t and equal, the Apostle 3ter and ser- vants, and generally the relations of society, were included in the gospel which he was sent to preach. He has in- cluded such subjects in the letters which he wrote for the guidance of the Church ; and as these are condensations, probably, of his sermons, the texts on which he was in the habit of enlarging, I have no doubt that in his discourses he entered with all fulness and particularity into descrip- tions of what was just and equal, what was eye service, and whet was fair and honest service in the eye of God. His knowledge of Jesus Christ and him crucified, was not con- fined to that which was merely transcendental in doctrine, but also descended to the operation of Christ in the believer, whether he were a master or a servant, developing out- wardly in ail the actions of life. That he rejected all know- ledge, save of Jesus Christ and him crucified, does not imply that he ignored the relations in which men stood to one another, for Christ came to act as the destroyer of men's sins, and to help them to perform their duties ; and what are sins and duties, if not the way in which men discharge their obligations to one another in the various relations of life ? You will, if you discard tlie knowledge of these from your knowledge of Christ crucified, confine man's duties to acts of devotion, and then religion will deal solely in such high doctrines as the attributes of God, predestination, free will, atonement, baptism, &c., and all the questions which are exercised about these, simply, however, in relation to God -questions requiring, no doubt, much learning and strict logic ; of much heavenly, it may be, but very little earthly use, since they may not, according to the hypo- thesis, affect those earthly relations of which the ^.postle is supposed to be ignorant. But, the fact is, the supposition is one of those intolerable stupidities with which ignorance dashes its head against reason and common sense, and Scripture, too. Paul never wrote an epistle that, while doctrinal, was not eminently practical, social, economical, and, I will add, political, implying an understanding pro- found and comprehensive of all that was in m&ii, and all that by whicH he was related to the earth beneikth him, and "■""^miWf^SiHHse.**^**- ■ 10 4 ^ If n n I the heavens above him, to the God who made him, and to the creatures whom he made with him, in all the relations of life. I will make the same assertion in regard to all tlie other writers of the New Testament, and even to Christ, concerning whose teaching it has been truly said that it an evangelical minister of the present day, would just oc- cupy the attention of his hearers with such preaching as is given in the Sermon on the Mount, he would stand a strong chance of being charged with being a preacher of morality -a charge, in many orthodox minds, mcamng something verv low and meagre, if not decidedly heretical, and de- manding the supervision of his ecclesiastical superiors. Further, 1 cannot understand how we can cry up the Bible BO much as we justly do, and then inconsistently refuse to hear and follow its plain teachings. It teaches us geology, and yet the study of geology is supposed to be a dangerous subiect, and unfit for the pulpit. Yet, there it stands, m the first chapter of Genesis, which, I must confess I cannot hope to expound, unless I study geology. It teaches ethnology, but there are many chapters in several books ot the Scripture which I must pass over, if I am not permitted to unfold the details of this interesting subject ; it treats ot the len-th of human life, and the causes which aflect its continuance, but if I am not permitted to discourse on these causes, of what use is this in the Bible, from any por- tion of which I am theoretically permitted to take my text ? It tells me of the rise and origin of languages, and yet, it I were to preach on these varieties of speech, as exhibited in past history, or illustrated by living tribes I should be told I deal in subjects, fit it may be, for a Mechamcs In- stitute, or an association of philosophers, but in which, Bible readers have no interest; it is largely occupied with the history of God's providence towards that peculiar peo- ple, called Jews, teaching, as I think, that his providence is occupied with the affairs of nations, but if I wei^ to treat of that also peculiar people, the English, and shew how God has been present with them in their wars, and workmg in their fightings for liberty, and in the developr : nt ot 11 and to Nations all the Christ, that if just oc- [ig as is I strong iiorality nething and de- iperiors. le Bible •efuse to neology, mgerous cands, in I cannot teaches books of ermitted treats of affect its ourse on any por- mytext? id yet, if exhibited should be anics' In- in which, pied with uliar peo- vidence is I'e to treat ihew how i working '« their civilization, unless indeed I take prophecy as my text, and expound every thing symbolically, and then, it is al- lowable, I should also probably be the subject of grave complaint. I might go on, I know not how far, shewing how, though I may touch on subjects relating to the Jewish people, and their neighbours, to their battles, and blood- shed, and personal purification, and sanitary laws, I must take great care not to secularize the pulpit, by dis- coursing of the present state of the nations, of the vices which are eating up their vitality, or the virtues which will give them permanence. I may discourse of the siege of Jericho, but not on the fall of Sebastopol ; of the relations of servitude in Judea, but by no means of the relations of employers and employed in Saint John — the one being eminently a spiritual occupation for both minister and people, but the other, being a desecration of the pulpit. And yet, if this be the true theory of the minister's occupa- tion, I can hardly find out any very important use for a considerable portion of the Old Testament Scriptures. The theory, however, is utterly false, and proceeds upon the infidel principle, that though God was present, and may be seen in his dealings with the Jew, he has now withdrawn himself, and no more acts among mankind ; and that the only place where we can see his hand, or estimate his work, is where Jew and Gentile strive together for establishment and mastery. I have long felt that the restriction of subjects for the pulpit, to high doctrine and practical improvement, was an evil, and one i-equiring relaxation and enlargement, and that the time must come when it would be required to take a wider range. The very existence of Young Men's Christian Associations, and the establishment of lectures on subjects usually debarred from the pulpit, indicate the want that is felt, and \vhich the Church with its organization and views fails to supply. It is a fact also, that the thinking minds of the present day are in large measure not frequenters of iUixiwilT^vo. XiiC Lime l/UU pi. r riCilCl UUUUpiCO J-ilU j^UIL7Xl. 19 by them devoted to reading and solitary thought. They '-^«fe-.-4^-ii3(it«*»ii,v-. Hi w f \i\ ' ^ Hi 12 have heard the doctrines of the Chiuv.h so often discussed, that they cannot hope to learn anything new on the subject They are thus drawn from those high moral and spiritual 'influences, which the Gospel in its widest accept'xtion, coming into contact with history, science and social hte, could not fail to have on tlieir consciences and hearts, ihe effect is highly detrimental to both Society and the Church ; and I believe the pulpit requires at the present day to widen its views, and to discuss thoroughly and fearlessly a thou- sand subjects in relation to Christian life, which a squeamish sentimentalism has succeeded for centuries in putting be- yond its pale. ^ X f « 2d We remark that these expressions of our text aie geneval, and cover the whole ground of the relations ot employed and employer. The political relations, so to speak, or the laws which regulate those relations, are not indeed directly touched. These laws and relations may be uniust or they may be equitable, including even the state of involuntary servitude or slavery. The apostle is not a legislator nor a politician in the common sense of the term, but he lays down principles which, while they must ulti- mately act on unjust relations— as those of slavery--to bring them to an end, are specially calculated to produceharmony, brotherly love, and the best interests of both employer and employed in any set of relations, whether just or unjust. We need not however cumber ourselves with the conside- ration of the question, how far these principles act on the compulsory relation of slavery. Let our friends in the States fight out that question. Our business is with these principles as they relate to the duty of those who enter into voluntary contracts. And we say they apply to the ma- king—the very terms of these contracts— as well as to then- fulfilment. In the making of them as well as in the execu- tion of them there should be a view to that which is fair, lust, equal ; and in carrying out of the contract there should be a jfumiinent of all that is equitable and honorable. 3d., The spirit of tiiese words is not earned out by mere 13 scussed, subject, jpiritual sptn-tion, cial life, ts. The Cliurcli ; to widen T a thou- [ueamish :ting be- ' text are ations of IS, so to 3, are not s may be the state 3 is not a tlie term, mist nlti- -to bring harmony, loyer and or unjust. 3 conside- act on the ds in the ;vith these enter into to the ma- as to their the execu- ich is fair, lere should able. it by mere act. They contain a fine essence which should permeate the whole action of employers and employed towards each other. They demand that each shall consider the interests of the other, and subserve them. They are opposed to that feelings which simply tries to fulfil the terms of contract, interpreted in a strict way— a spirit very prevalent on both sides : the employer merely giving the money consideration, the em- ployed only the legal amount of labour stipulated for— the master having no consideration for the health, morals and enjoyment of his servant ; and the servant having no inte- rest in the benefit and success of his master. Independently of all the terms of the contract, each should render to the other that which is just and equal. 4th. The relation of employers and employed shorld not therefore be founded on the mere principle of demand and supply, but on justice and equality. Tliis is not the commercial principle, but it is the scriptural principle ; it is not the selfish, but the benevolent principle. Too long has the selfish principle been acted on, and with terrible results. Plain needle work could be done to any amount in London, and because it could, the price was brought were detained in their places of business till a late hour, were very generally their patrons. And what is the reason? Why, here it is. Tliose liberated at an early hour, And it not too late to visit those families with which they may have been so happy as to form an intimacy, and to spend the evening with them ; or there is time for a ride or walk to the country or the park, to enjoy the fresh air, while tlie later hour prevents both of these innocent ways of spending the evening, and recovering the tone of the system. And yet, a little amusement and gratification must be had, which the drinking -^nd dancing saloon, witL their voluptuous- ness, afford, and they enter there to the detriment of their morals and health. I am entitled to say then, that in viewing this subject of your relations to young men, you are bound to take this matter into your calculations, when you would do what is just and equal to them. But whether you find it possible, with due regard to the legitimate interests of your business, to afford to the em- ployed more time, or not, still, other subjects of duty, in regard to the things which are just and equal, remain for your consideration. I do not consider that you are a just man, if you have no interest in the happiness and health 'i^l^.. lU «*' liJH l)o(ly and soul. Jf vou do, 1 think ..eeoan by being uitereste.!. I am not speaking of a m.l wi.on. «^ h..e%:sr .n^ * ^®^— cannot work ways and means of iranrovemeut forH u ^"^ .".d brains constitute, aCan" ou'roV; tl: """ community. Whv from fhn i '^""^^^^ ^^ wealth to our be at the expense of on ti . ^? ''"^'"^' ^^^ ^^"^^ slave owner cMrog fnj. fi-^ i^-^^i-u '^ i,- T ^® -cans Of enjoy.,, H., 'i^^i^^S^SZ^ '40 No doubt, ill aomo instttnces, he aiiiiB at his moral improve- ment, and providcftfor it, too ; but we, in our bonBted free- dom, have less care for those who, whatever we may think, constitute the wealth of our country — which does not con- sist in houses or lands, or banks or coin, but in population. Why, the newspapers, and the government, and the emi- grant agent, will tell you that our great want is neither money, lands, nor houses, but men and women. If we cannot attract emigrants, we might at least preserve the lives of those we have, as long as possible. To preserve our people, is the same as to add to their numbers. The penny saved, is the penny gained. The life preserved, is the life added to our population. On the lower i)rinciple of mere political economy, employers are interested in the well-being of the employed. How much more on the higher, that tliey are all brethren. And how nmch more on the Christian principle, that if lie laid down his life for us so we ought to lay down our — lives ? Oh no, simply lay down a decent subscription out of our surplus wealth for our poor brethren's comfort. Our very freedom militates against our reception of these principles. We are all our own masters. That is our theory. " Every man therefore for himself. I have my interest to attend to ; so have you yours." And yet not so — for my interest is your interest, and yours is mine. In the long run this will be found out to be a deep and im- portant truth. It is impossible for me to hurt myself, and not to harm some one else. And it is impossible for any one to hurt me, and not in my person hurt r-ociety, and so hurt himself. It is equally true, that to do good to ano- ther is to do good to society, and so to benefit myself. This will be found true even in material matters, as a general rule ; and it is still truer in moral and spiritual concerns. Our troubles spring ijoi. selfishness. When we want to .0 jnevolence. It is the good remedy them we ap^/?\ Samaiitan. Now, my young friends, who are not yet advanced to the r-a.uk of uHiploycfK, but who Boniv time may hold that res- 21 l.on»ible ,>,«itio„, I gay let it not be 8.,i.,.oscd timt vou «U„ Imvo no bonevo e„ee to exercise. If lu, e.npIojerV W vo ence „ excre.Bod in shortening vonr bourn oHM.tenZ your lubou.-s, tliat of tbe cini.I.,voo nmv 1.,. ,..,*' going beyona iega. reauire-non't^ii,: Z^^r^:::^^ deep mterest you can and ougbt to take in you,{", Iver-B busmese. I might recomn.end encrxy «"d zeal for I neftt, on the ground that without the eulti vlt o, I' virtues you svill yo,„.eIve« be unsueec^S Zi nin^T way. ,u your K-ent lowly position, or sin i ^Ze '^t empb^yer- are ever on the alert to diseov..,. ,1, , ' who is worthy of their co^mZtT,-^'''"''^"'^'' l-robably theif partne,!shr ttT '"^'''"' .""S^" «'"' higher pHncipie^f rXf L',~"'-"' C, ' •;" f'" lenr-e means with us money bestowed • fW.' sented in our eommercial theorrby ^ ;„^r*^' "' T"-' refuses to be located within the chlXrlT;! "n " or sovereign. It is a thing of feeli ," al If , f"^'" reside in the heart, and beeom; aX „ , ^^^^^^^^^^ o. I have only time to state what I had intended Wei v to msist on, namely, that the whole of th^J. • ^ both on the part of employers and empirje'^^^^^^^^^ high ground of religious obligation Ynn T T singleness of heart fearing fJn^^v' "" *^ '^'"^^ ^^ all stand at tl e7;d: 7" f „^ -^J'- «"d then we must of the deeds d^etZ Wy" ^LThVXr "T"' evil And let itnotbe supposed thatt;i^{X-' ''^ are to g, ve an aeco,u.t. ar. simply those of "gr;;;;:,: ™ 22 >V-."t^t, violiitioii of tlie law, and of uur si)ocially charitable and religious duties, but also of the way in which wc have served our masters vm\ eriiployers, and the way in v.'liich we may have treated our servants and depende-its. Ac- eountability covers all our life. Religious obligation encir- ' '- "- i eld m Kgyin, so let your labours teaeh you leniencv k mdness and consideration for tl„«c whom p.^vide„TmTv' plaee under yonr controul. 0,„. Ci.v is young and Z merce .s in its infaney. Let these ideal pS yr; mmds, hatas onr trade and manufaetnres 'row u/tho vices wlueh infect then, in older countries may I^^kfct our com.nei-ce and business. Vou n.av know tLTll \ mcndous evils which ove.hadow theli^ nC and, are now calKn., the attention of thc%vises rf men t^o' yeare ago, Lord Brougham proposed, at a meeting of the B„ sh Assoeiahon, that there should be a SociarSe Lnce Section devoted to the eoneideration and cure of those cvfl! wlueh attach to onr civilisation and commerce. S have been wntten and speeches delivered on theS and the m.ghty eye of England is now turned nponro ores and wo.mds of the body politic. The physicians wiU Imve ne^ of wonderful skill to cure them all. Sim" sores and wounds are apparent in minor degree amongZ" ^ljc«. New York and Boston and Saint John 3 so bad aa London and Liverpool and Glasgow and BelfLt because there is a mighty extent of natnrll resources k the -n the city, he can at least fly to the forest, and invoke tlm bounteous mother with axe and plough, and finruppo rt • ^. It ever as our country progresses I the civiliza on of commerce these evils will increase, if we done appTvto tten fmely remedies. It is the province Tnd Tt/ If young men especially to study what' can be done f"i^the P«>vent^„ of thesecvils, before they grow up to m^gnUude JJOSdl Die, Mill be foinifl 1]1 nqoln , I,--' , . , " «s may be Iron, selfishness, in studying the waroahl: *f 24 ..I in wliom he is most interested — especially in giving atten- tion to the education of the people, to the health and en- joyment of the artizan, labourer, clerk and shopman, and in cherishing a spirit of mutually benevolent feeling in all the relations of Employer and Employed. iSflCi. .tfKi, I 1^^ fHW*'- 'j