CIHM Microfiche (l\/lonographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques -iQQA r Th Ce C Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques triques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographicalty unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I "I Covers damaged/ D Couverture endommagee Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculee □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de Do:; couverture manque Coloured maps/ tes gecgraphiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur n n Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutees lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etatt possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: L'Institut a n.icrofitme le meilleur exemplai'e qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-£tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methode normale de filmage sont indiques ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagees □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculees Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees □ Pages detached/ Pages detachees Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Qualite inegale de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ Inclu Comi des index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index vraison Title on header taken from;/ Le titre de l'en-t£te provient: □ Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la li □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la livraison □ Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. 1-1 A loX 22X 26X 30X " y - 12X 16X 20X 24 X 28 X ■J-5 V The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: L'exemplaire fllm6 fut reproduit grAce A la g6n6rosit6 de: Legislative Library Victoria The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility ot the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with u printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ► (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Legislative Library Victoria Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont film^s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derni^re page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ♦- signifie "A SUIVKE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 3tre film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TESV CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART N^ 2) ^ APPLIED l^/HGE !65J Ecist Main street RochesuT. ►:;* York 14609 USA (716) 482- 0300 -Phone (716) 2B8 - 5989 - Fa, PART M. ANNUAL REPORT, Vol. III. 1887. GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA ^J-''^^''-^ ^^. ^'- -^IXWYX, C.M.(.., LL.D., F.RS., JJiaKcmu. REPORT ov KXPLORATIONS AND .sri;\ K^.s IS" I'up.TIOSs (If NOliTFTRI.^X \K\V lUn'XSWK'K, AND MUACKNT AllKAS IS gUKHKU, AM) l.\ maim;. I BY L. W. liAILKY, M.A., Ph.D.. IM.'.s.C. .\NI> WM. MclNNKS, J5.A.. F.G.S.A. I'VllUmED BY AUTIIOHITV (»1 l'.\l;l,l.\.MENT. 3!ontt;eal : >Ai'It>L,IAM KOSTKK BROWN A CO 1889. Price Twenty-five Cents Part M, Annual Report, 1887. SHEET No. 17, N. E. NEW BRUNSWICK. ?M'"^'^ m (,rtf :. u i.uUf .,t, i.;, ■ ••■■ -Ui., I.;, .. <-r''l''!l(nilly.myrynlhvUVII<,(l,rwi,l\\-'".\l'li,i,r.s ' Mordftier iCo LpU. OtH' liiovixci; „r .rj:\\/tifr.\:sh'i(:h- Xi.l Mill.. ....„',, ''ifiltr ■t'mUiw tn ntir iii'ii ual aiiii X.aur.il llHotnin ^^nm\ uf Cruwita . Morfiir>or 4 Co Lilh Otl-« /'/my.vr/i- ,«• :-i-;wm/r.\sw/(7i N«l Srnio .'i.n'p ,, .Vft//e -l-ffuffvitn nitr in'ii Til miviiifxmv , vihhI M v 'i-.t.sr'/im/n-i: Viiiirx I'ai1 M.Aimiirillfrjmi M'Ay w .yww w m im *m>m , r « 9tr4 ^im m *» H GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA. ALFJIKJJ J{. C. SJKLWV-N, C.M.li., LL.U, IMJ.S., Dmikctuii. REPORT UN KXI'LOIfATlONS AND SIUVKYS IS l'<)UTI(iS> <)|.' NOirniEKN NEW lUarNsW'ICK. AND AIWACKNT AKK AS 1.; (,)UKHi:C, AM) L\ M.\I\K. U.S. L. ^y. BAILHV. M.A., Ph.D., IMf.S.C, ANI) WM. McINNES, B.A.. F.G.S.A. rrrsLisiiED by aut'iokity ok parliament. MONTREAL : WILLIAM FOSTER BROWN & CO. 1888. P' ill r( ir ni in w of El an of AVI CO Alfred E. C. Selwyn, C.U.G., Y.RS-., LL.D., &c., Director of the Geological and Natural Hutory Sunen of Canada. Sir— The following report is based upon observations made hy the authors, with the assistance of J. W. Bailey and W. II. T. Reed, durin"- portions of the summers of 1886 and 1887,'in Northern New Brunswick iind adjacent areas of Maine and Quebec. It also embraces a summary of tl)o facts, ascertained from a general review of the entire Silurian system in this section of the Dominion including its extent, its order of succession, and its relations to the for- mations which lie below and above it. The map intended to accompany the present report, and repreacnt- ing the geology of portions of Maduwaska county, New Brunswick and Tomiscouata county, Quebec, is • 'he hands of the engraver, and will be issued when completed. It is ..neet No. IT N.E. of the series of maps on a scale of four miles to an inch, and, as regards New Brunswick, is the last but one of the scries. A tabulated list of the fossils of the region is given in the form of an Appendix by H. M. Ami, by whom the lists of fossils in the body of the leport have also been prepared. The thanks of the authors are duo to the Managorof theXew Bruns- Avick Railway for the continuation of courtesies extended since the commencement of the survey. Respectfully yours, Fkedericton, N.B., February, 188!» L. W. BAILEY. W3I. McINNES. REPORT OP EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS IN rORTIONB OF N O R '1^ 1 1 E li Ts X E AV 13 E U X S \Y 1 ( ' Iv . AND AD.MCENT ARKAS IN QUEBEC, AM) IX MAIXE, U.S. The areas to be deacribed in tl'O present report Ho to the west and Region north-west of that described in last year's report, and correspond to*^®'"'^"'" portions of two sheets of the New Brunswick and Quebec series of geological maps. In the one of these sheets (No. 17 N.E.) the district represented is limited to that small portion of New Brunswick which is included between St. John Eiver ancl the Quebec boundary, while that of the second (No. 18 S.E.) lies immediately north of and is con- tinuous with the latter, embracing, in addition to a very small part of New Brunswick, a considerable portion of the county of Temiscouata, in the province of Quebec, Owing, however, to the very peculiar ))Osition and relations of the geographical and ])olitical boundaries in this region, which gives to that portion of New Brunswick embraced by it, the form of a long, narrow wedge, enclosed between Quebec on the one side and the state of Maine on the other, and having for a considerable distance a width of fifteen or twenty miles, a stuily of the geological features has neces- sarily includeii an examination of the adjacent areas. In the case of ^^1^^^^^ ^^^^ the state of Maine, this has been found especially serviceable, as in M„fno''°° *°^ •connection with the numerous streams and lakes which, in the county of Aroostook, are tributary to the St. John, ample and unusual facili- ties are afforded for the study of the rock formations there mot with, jvnd which in their north-eastward extension enter and traverse New Brunswick, On the other hand, the character and relations of the Silurian rocks about the northern boundary of New Brunswick cannot well be understood apart from their representation in the adja- <] M NORTHERN NEW BKUNSWICK. Comrnrison withotliiT rcKions. Topograpliic'il features. and its tributarie?. cent porttons of Quebec, unci nio,-e partifulafly us revetilo.l in the sec t.ons made respectively by the Metapciia River and Lake Temiscon- ata w.tli the intervening streams. For these reasons, and with a view to br.n^nn^. logether. fur comparison. . all the available data re- luting to the succession and relations of the Silurit.n system in this section of the continent, the observations to be given have been e.xten.U ed considerably beyond the limits ^of the two map sheets to which reterence has been made. Fur ^.similar reasons, little t.ccount is taken in the following descriptions of cither the interprovincial or interna- f";"a bottndaries by which the ;.region is traversed. The goolo,.y of only thusc purtioiLS, however, which arc included within the "crri- toml Itmtts of Canadtt is represented in the accompanying maps The topographical fet.tures of the region under consideration are deserving of brief notice, not only as being in themselves somewhat lemarkab e. but alsu as bearing on the adaptability of the country fur settlement, and as helping to elucidtite its geological structure St..Jo„u River ^ost noticeable, p.obably, among these, features is that connected with the position and course of the 8t. John Riverand its tributaries In no portion of its extensive draint.ge area dues this river receive so mtmyand such imp .rtant afHuents as here. Flowing north-eastorlv ^■^m Its source in Baker Lt.ke. situated net.r the western frontier of Alamo, and tit a distance, measured along the sti^cam. uf 4(50 miles from Its mouth. It first reaches New Bru.iswick at the mouth of the St I-rancis. and thc.ice forms the internationtd boundarv to u point a few miles above the Cxrand Falls. Above the St. Francis, which also forms apartof thosame boundary, and is a cu.isidcrablc stream, drainin-. some important lakes, the main river has already received upon iCs ?!f.Kr w ""t":''^ 'f' T'"'" "^^''' ^'^ '''^'''^' ""^' '^' ^''''^' JJIack rivers, Kivers. both sufhcienlly large to be navigable by canoes, while from the sou hern sme it is similarly joined by the still more considerable stream of the AIleguaslK This latter takes its rise in a very remarkable system of mkes, of which the most .outherly (Lake Chamberlain) approaches so nearly the head waters of 'he Pcnol,seut, ttnd is so nearly on a level with ,t, that by the erection of dams, much of the water, at one time tributary to the St. John, has been diverted, for lumbering purposes into the first-named stream. Below the mouth of th. 8t Francis the pi-incipal tribtitaries of the St. John upon the northern side are the Madtiwaska tmd the Green Kiver, to which may be added the Iroquois, he Quisibis, the Siegas and the Grand rivers, of less importance than the streams first named, but still large enough to be navigable by canoes. Lven the Aroostook may properly be included hero, for it drtuns the same Silurian basin, and ht.s its origin in lakes but little removed from those in which Fish River, the Alleguash and the Penob- St. Francis River. AUcpuasli River. Tributaries below the St. Francis. Aroostook Kiver. 1 e A S S k :i i \ t t n i T BAIltV i MCINNES.^ (JENEHAI, lEATI RES. 7 M eveiilcd in the sec- 1(1 Liiko Temiscou- ns, and with a view available data re- ■ian system in this 1 have been extend- p sheets to which account is talvcii ivincial or intcrna- . The geology of within the teri-i- lanying maps, consideration are mselvcs somewhat 'f the country for structure. is that connected md its tributaries. is river receive so ing north-easterlj- estorn frontier of of 4(^0 miles from mouth of the St. *■ to a point a few which also forms > sti'cam, draining I'cceivod upon it^s ittle IMack rivers, . while from the nsiderable stream cmarkable system rlain) approaches ' nearly on a level vatcr. at one time ibering purposes, ' J St. Francis, the Ihern side are the Ided the Iroquois, importance than » bo navigable by udcd here, for it 1 lakes but little ■*hand the Penob- scot have their origin. This close approximation of considerable Fisli and Rnme streams, flowing in diverse directions and often for great distances, is a very peculiar feature of the region, and, taken in connection with the comparatively unsettled character of the country which the\- drain, the beauty of the scener}', and the abundance ol' fish und game, has made the wliole region famous among tourists ami spoitsmen. The lakes of the region, already incidentally referred to, arc as Lakes uf the f toUf. Formations . 10 M NORTHERN NEW lUlUNSWrcK. nes a low flat tract which in part, at least, is occupied by beds of ,day. Other kamcs, but of lesl marked character, were observed at uiher points, especially a fewmiles above the mouth of the gt. Francis, on tho Maine si.le of the St. .John The soils of the district umler discussion aresimiiar in ori-in, and hence similar in character, to those .,f the .Silurian tracts further south, whicli liavo beendescribed incarlier i'cp..rts.They wouldseem, however, to be of less depth than the latter, as well as less calcareous, and hence less well, adapted for purposes of agriculture. Alon- tho valley of the St. John there are many good fai'ms, ami excellent land lor farming purposes is said to exist over large portion.s of the country drained by the tributaries of the St. John and Hestigouclie i'ivcr,s. but to the north of Edmunston and in the county of Temiscouata, the country is so hillv as tointerfei'o materially with tillage operations, while the shortness of the season and the constant liability to destru-tivo frosts, arc serious drawbacks to the settler. The valley of the Madawaska, it is true, is an exception to the generally hilly character of the region, but the sandy -.nd clayey nature of tho deposits with which it is filled is equally unfavorable to its productiveness, and though farms are numerous, they are in general of inferior character. Tho whole of tho country east of Lake Temiscouata, and much of that west of it, is still in forest, and is tho seat of important lumbering operations. The geology of the region, to which this report relates, embraces, according to our present knowledge, only strata of Silurian and Ardovician or Cambro-Silurian age. As the principal portion, how- ever, of the area occupied by the latter, which extends to the shore of the St. Lawi'enco. has boon only partially examined, and is still under discussion, it is not proposed to consider it here, except so far as it comes in contact with the Silurian system ; the present report IS therefore essentially confined to the consideration of the latter. .:..] tiENERAL FKA'lUaiH. II M I iiif ol'cxcoptioiial are repeated in the St. Francis Itivor, wost in the eoiirse of Temisciniutii in he. niiection is that of no portion.s of the con in tho vieinit^- itos the fdumlation out half a niilo in tlio to]), havini; a ■\y S. 20' ]•;.. or the .s. it is cornitoseii .V flat traot which, kames, but of less ecially a few miles lo of the St. .lohn. II orii^in, and hence rther south, which 1, however, to he of nd henco less well eyof thcSt. John, rinin^ pui'poscs is by the tributaries I'th of Ednuinston illy as to interfere es.s of tho season iou8 drawbacks to is an exception to sandy -.nd claj'oy Jally unfavorable •ous, they ai'o in ntry east of Lalvo pst, and is tho seat I'olates, embraces, of Silurian and )al portion, how- exteiids to the ixamined, and is t here, except so he present report, of the latter. Tho first systematic description of the Silurian roelcs in tl is portion ^Tmor of America is that contained in the - (icol..-y of Cana.ia, 1S.;;J,' where ^t!.T■, an olaborato section is given of these roelcs, a.s seen at liie extremity of tho (iaspe IVninsula, to-etber with ni.-.ny details of their distribu- tion in other parts of thai peninsula, as well as westwani in the valleys of the Metapedia, Patapedia and ,AIetis rivers, about L.ike Teniiscoiiaia and above ibe.uppei' tributaries of (he river .^t. .b.hn. The section al • iaspc^ which is unequalled in its extent and clearness of exp..suie, was Justly regarded as typical, and the nameof (Jaspe scrio w;k ..pplicd to that portion of the strata there exhibited, chiefly lime.i.mes, which was supposed to represent the Silurian system, as distiiii;uished from an overlying mass of si.ndstones (Gaspe sandstones), wlibdi wen- re- garded as Devonian. Subsequently, a fuithcr examination of portions of the Silurian district w;,s made by .M:. Richardson ( U'cpoi t of Progress, "iehar.l- IHd'.t), and numerous fossils were coljecteil by him as well as 7,y lv "*""" Billings, T. C. Weston and others. Still later, in IRSi'-S:'. Messrs. KiN a-l Klls and Low, of the geological corps, made additional observ.'ttiuns in'"*""'''" the interior of the Haspc peninsula, and the results are embodied in two reports, accompanied by maj.s showing the distribution ni' the tbrmatioms, with large lists ..f fo>sils. In one of these reports, tho fossils collected were regarded as in.licaling that a consi.lcrable portion of whi I had been considered as Silurian was in reality Devonian, but this view was subsequently aband<.ned. Finally, between the vears 18S:; and tho present time, the authors of tin- I'vjiort, while i)ursuing their investigations in Northern New I'.runswiclc. have imi only made numci'ous sections and careful surveys of tho Silurian rocks included ill that province, but, by extending their observationsinto tho adjacent state of Maine, have obtained much valuable infurmation regaiding the .succession of tho Silurian rocks. The results of these expbiations, so far as they relate to the mere details of distribution and lith. .logical characters, have already been given in several preceding reports, with accompanying maps, but, with the exception of two communicationHp,,.,^^. j,^ made by one of the authors to the iioyal Society of Canada, and pub-T™"^!"- lished in its Transactions, no attempt has been made to institute com- parisons or to draw any general conclusions. In the proent report, it is our aim to summarize the information now available, in order to show how far it confirms or modifies the I'esults of earlier observers, and to indicate .some of its bearings upon general questions of geologi- cal history. rr|.f r!' of IS'.!. on, !.<.« ,-. C 12 M NonriiEHN NBw nauNswrcK. Gaspi Peninsula. siii, Aiieiilu, Lojonimn, ISiUerophm, PlahjctmK, Convliirm, Orthocrran, lhxlmamte», Phacops, HronUvn and Jivyrkhia. 70 feet, 2-0. Calcareo-aruillaceous shales of red and jrreen culnrs, with noill( rnplion, copn, lironUm and "0 feet, lors, with iUMlule« plants. 2(50 feet. ytM'.s f)f };roy calca- mestonp and linie- rt excessively cor- 'ossils les.-^ nunier- 200 feet, stones, sometimes I'ossils — Braeliio- ()80 feet. ill calcareo-arena- blin^' Splroiihijton Mack Hiialo.i, which sition iiiferioi' to the :nibcr are .succeeded id forming u ])()ftion rho entire thickness to about 2000 foot, that of the Lower ior Niagara groiip> Lnticosti, appear to isulu, we do not here B of its features, and 1 in the Geology of I hi.s associates. It nts along the south nirces of the Ohatte I is I'cpresented by uai'tzosc sandstone, F.,.,,.,: r,il..orit..l- niial evidence often vitreous in aspect and .speckled with small, icd, foriuginous spoi^. Thoy aio directly succeeded liy fosf-iiifoidus limestone, holding species similar to those contained in the upper part of the Aiilicosti group, and f c two arc honco regarded as marking an horizon about that ol the Nuigara formation. Collections of (ossils rr.ado by Dr. Klls and j;''',?,'*'' ^ his associates, on the Scauincnac and Little ('ascapcdia risers (I{c|H>rt of Pi'ogress, 1882 8;i-84), iiavc also been thought to imlicate a similar horizon. On tho other hand, a considerable area of rocks occurring in the basin of the Casiipscal River, and thence extending eastwaril to and beyond tlieC'ascapcdia Jtiver, and which al;-o formed a portion of the Gaspc? limestone series, as originally defined, were found, by the same authof, to contain numerous fo.ssils. indicating (heir probable equiva- lency with tho Oriskany and JIamilton forinatiuns .d' the Devonia?i system. Thus tho boundaiT, as indicated between the Silurian and Devoidan ruii.'i ui...i.. systems in this region, seems to have been determined upon i)alieonto- logical groumls rather than upon the lithological and stratigraphical evidence, and the evidence would also seem to aiford .some coidirma- tion of tho view that tho Oriskany is not only a transitional formation, but more nearly related to the .Silurian than it is to the I>ev;.nian sys- tem. Tho first observations made by us bearing up(m the geology of this region were mad.^ during the season of lSs8, along the course of tho Mctapedia Eiver, and about the lake of the same name, from which it flows. mi 1 /.I . , .Mftai'Cdiii ihe geology ol the eastern side of Motapcdiu Lake, having been ^'''''■• described in tho geology of Canada, and I'cpre.sentod in tho jiublished ma])s accompanying the report by Dr. Klls, neeil not be discussed here. Upon tho western side, near the head of the lake, tho lowest visible Silui'ian rocks are whitish sandstones, sometimes c.vhibiting a pinkish tinge or sj)eckled with small red spots. As statf'd in "Geolo"-v of Canada, 18()3," p. 414, these rocks are undoubtedly the equivalents of the similar beds on the Matane liivor, and, if the latter are cori'octly referred, would represent the upper part of tho Anticosti group, or that of the Niagara formation. Thoy may be seen at several points along tlie margin of the lake, and Ibrm tho whole of an island near its southern extremity, but in most j)laces thoy are concealed either by , overlying limestones or by drift. Tho drift ccmtains numerous '"o'e bi'^cks, and often largo blocks of tho white sandstone, from which the oidy fo.ssils as yet found have been obtained. In a collection made about two miles above Cedar Ilall, the following fossils have been determined by Mr. Ami. r* lU (ton' 1-t M NOnXIIERN NEW IIRIJNHWICK. Znoi'llYTA. iyimidal Columns. Xiiphnnfis or Stir/ife/a.sma. k)». indf. Si-voial fiiHts nnd im- {>l■c^<^if^/(« nf u Zuphi'eiu is-liko ctiial, losernbling a species ilt-ribed by Prof. Hull in tlio 2iid vulmuo of Paln'oiitdogy nf Now York. Bha'IUoi'oha. Pentamenh 'Moikjus, Sowerby. Niiineroii.s laryi! easts, which show the position of tho intornal plates. C«,\8TEKoPODA. Murchisonia, sp. Oriostoma, np. Several ea>lH, wliicli most pi'obably belong to this genus, and roscnil>lo elo>ely. depressed speeimons of tjlobosum. Thii,ohita. Lichaa (!) sp. A fragment resembling tho tubcreulatod test of a trilobito allied to lAclias, but not largo enough to warrant accurate determination. F>jii8 from '^^'' liiiiestoiios, which may bo soon to directly ovorlio the sandstones, Oe^i«'iuif '""' ""'^ ^^''''*^''' "'""^^ themselves quite hard and siliceous, are more abundant- ly fossil iferous, and from bods of the latter, ex])osed in the largo ([uari'les opened during the construction of tho Intercolonial Eailway, six miles above Cedar Hall station, tho following were collected : — Cyathophylloid coial. Body-volution of a largo gasteropod, perhaps of a Pleuroiomaria. Halijsites catenulatus. Crinoidal fragments. Strophomena rhomboidoUs, Wilckens. Strojihodonta vamtriata. Strophodonta Becki .' Hall. Merixt'jtia sp.. cf. 3[. didi/ma. Atrypa reticularis, L; \evy abundant. Platyceras s]». indt. Oriostoma globosam, Schlothoim. The above-named fossils tend to confirm t!.. idea ijjr.t the beds n taining them hold a])osition corresponding nc. ly, ' - thut ofthoNiagara formation. It may be added that at the extreme northern end of tho lake, as well as on the way to Sayabec, there are boulders, of a very I I Uilly « MclNN ,...] (JAHI'K l'ENIN80I-A. i:. M v(>inl ciiHtH nrul itn- •I'lil, rowmbling a tlio 2n(l volutiio (»f loi'ous lai'/^o casts, rnal platca. iNt i)r<)liably holon^ loprtmst'd ^[)u(•iIncll8 ,' tho tubcrculatod it not largo enough M-lio tlie f^andHtones, iiu moi-o abundant- osed in the largo L'l'colonial Eailway, are collected : — a Pleurotomaria. . Ui; the beds n- thau .)f thoNiagara )rthorn end of tho loiildcrs, of a very largo Hi/,0, of a groy Ciinglonioratc. holding limestono iwbbl'.- in a sandy matrix. Those contain largo com, nnd l.racl.iopods of :-iiur tn typo. They repos.. upon rockw of th.' vuei.ec group, and c..- I .ndly havo travelled to .ny gmat distaiii.. l.nt tli,. -.,.,,.■.- iVom wliich' tlioy were derived iis not known, Along the entire westorn nuu^ri„„ftho lak. the strata present low strata •«,. undulations, the '.mcrilicd. gives the key to the character of a largo tract, about which little was previously known. The ro.dcs of (he Musciuogegish. as might be infcrro.l fioni its position, arc much like tho.se of the Metis, and arc. in places, sparingly fossiliferous. On tracing the northern border of the Silurian tract t.. the west- &n,l.s.o„.8„t ward, the white sandstones at the base of the series, which on the '■'' ""'"'"'• Metis arc rcpi'csenled only l)y loose blocks, come again somewhat pi-o- minently into view near the eastern extremity of the Hettiomont of St. (labriel, and about half a mile from where the Rouge stream is cro.ssed i)y tiio Taclie road. The beds here dip S. 2.-)° \V.<20°, and arc, as on Lake Mctapcdia, directly overlaid by beds of dark blue limestone, forming together a series of low bluffs along the road lcad as wiiere the .same beds como (mt a fow miles to the westward, at the falls of the ^. . Big Neigettc Kiver. This fall, about lllO feet in height, and the""'" " '" very similar one of the Little Ncigetto,. seventy icot, result from tho singular abruptness with which the Silurian rocks terminate along their northern edge, forming an e.scari)nicnl which consiiiutesa pro-Siiurm,, minent feature in tho landscape, and which is partly continuous ^ith """"'"'"""• Mount Commis, and extends thence and to the westward for adistance of twenty miles, terminating in the ridge of tho liois Brui;, near St. iSlan- dino. Tho rocks (d' tho Noigotto Falls, which are partly limostonos and partly limosfono-conglomoi'ates, are chielly remarkable for the number and tho largo size of tho fb.ssil corals which they cont.nin, the chain-coral (JMynites cateniilatus) being especially abundant. Tho limestones are, to some extent, burnt for lime, but are not well suited for the purpo.se, being quite siliceous and impure. Their dip is S. .S()° On the summit and around the flanks of liois Hrule Mountain, admir- ,i„i,,tn,i„.\,f. able opportunities ai'c afforded for tho study of tho strata of which it is composed, and which are here of moi'c than usual interest. On tho ])roeipitous northern face of the mountain, the rocks are chielly bard, grey, calcareous sandstones, the continuation probably of similar beds overlying tho limestones at the Xeigette Falls. They di]) S. IT" K.< •Kt°, and contain a few large corals, as well as crinoid steins and ribbed sliolls, but those are mostly poorly preserved. Ledges of similar sand- stone also form the summit of the mountain, but on tho southern slope, looking towards Ste. Elandine, beds are met with in which the organic forms are both more numerous and more perfect. One bed, consi'^ting of a buff-weathering dolomitic sand-rock, is especially remarkable as <'ontainiiig little besides the remains i)f largo PenUimerl. the species, 18 m NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK'. Posails at Bi Urulo Mtn. though belonging to the section of which P. Kniqldl is the type, exhi- bits, ncvertiieless, specific (limToiiee.s, and is apparently now,' Fr. a collcctioii subsequently made, liowover, by one ..f the authors, from a hght grey impure limestone, several tine and vei-v largo individuals of what is undoubtedly the species last-named, were found associated with cnnoidal and cystidean frr.gments, a Chonetes (or a form nearly related thereto), a Merista (being a young individual, either of M. sub- quadrata ovM.princeps, Hall), and an imperfectly preserved Euomphalm. Mr. Ami suggests these strata may bo the equivalents of the Avmestry beds of Great liritain, and perhaps of one of the zones called by the New York geologists Pentamerus limestone. A mile or so to the westward, still other fossilifeious beds appear. One of these is near the foot of the hill on the northern side, in the valley ofBois Brul(5 Kiver, and is a drab-weathering, argillaceous and shaly lime- stone, from which the following fossils were obtainetl by Messrs. Ells and Ami: — Hah/sites catenulatus, L. Strophomena rhomboidalis, Wilckens. Orthia. cf hybrida, Sowerby. " probably 0. calligramma, Dalman. '■ 0. Bavidsoni. De Yerneuil. Atrypa reticularis, L Pentamerus, allied to or identical with P. oblonyus, Sowerby. Calymene Blumenbachii? Brongniart. Smerate Another and still more prolific locality occurs directly by the road- atSte.Biiindinoaide, about a quarter of a mile south ofSte. Blandine Churcl;. The ledges here, which dip. S40°E<40° 50°, maybe well called a coral con- glomerate, as they are higher in the series, and are literally filled with fossils. From them the following forms have been obtained : Posails from ate. Blandiiio. POLYI'I. Facosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck. JIali/sites catenulatus, L. Cynthophyllum, cf C. Pennnnti. Biilini Syrinijopova retiformis? Billings. Crinoidea. Numerous fragments tifCrinoids. BRACIIfOPODA. Strophomena rhomboidalis. Wild ;eii>. IK'. .■3AIIEV d MclNNEi 1 QA.SI'K PENINSI.I.A. lit M ^'niqhti is tlic type, oxlii- apparoutly now. In a ! of the authors, from a I'orv lar^o individuals of woi'e found ansociated wtes (oi- a form nearly vidual, either of M. mh- \y preserved Euomphalm. valents of the Aymestry f)f the zones called by tone. A mile or so to )pear. One of these is e, in the valley of Bois laceous and shaly lime- btained l)y Messrs. Ells jblonyus, Sowerhy rs directly hy the ruad- Blandine Churcli. The )e well called a coral cou- l are literally filled with )een obtained ; n">. Orthis rarica, Hall. '• sp. indt. Rhynchonella nitcleolata, Hall. Spii-'fera cijclojitera, Hall. " sp., cf. S. sulcata, Hisinger. Retzia or Tremntospini, sp. indt, Atri/pa retirAilarix, It. Jlerista arcuata, Hall. " princeps, " " linns. " Pentamenis i/aleatus, l>alnian. n. sp. Tentanulites sp., indt. Gastekoi'od.s. Euomphalnscarinaiusi Sowerby. A largo fi>rm with obscure markings. May he E. rugadineata, Hall (_'4th Re-- Rep. p. 18G). TaiLOBIlA. Acidaspis sp. intlt. Hypostome. :' Lichas " " The above were collected by I'rof. Bailey, and doierinined by Mr. H. M. Ami, who subsequently added the following : — A stromatoporoid. Farosifes, sp., with small eorallites. Syriihjopora. resembling S. J undformis, Hall. rmpre-ssion or cast of a .scapular jiiate of a cystidean allied to Caryocrinus. Owing to the ehai'acfer of the ground, the precise relations of these ■J"''"'"'' of several fossil-bearing beds are not easily determined. It is certain' ' " '" that the rocks containing the species in the list last given are above and not far removed from the beds which form the summit ofMt. Bois Brule, while those yielding the species enumciated on p. 18 m I'epresent still lower bods. The white .sandstones are not visible here, being probably concealed by the talus on the north side of the mountain, but they are described in the Geology of Canada as seen on the Rimo'uski River. To the south of the coral conglomerates, the exposures are frequent, consisting chiefly of grey calcareous and buff weathering. ?,';,']<|,'{^°5|^^°" sandstones, with some limestones, which may be seen for several miles along the road leading back from Ste. Blandine to the Tach^ road. They :. < 90° : ^'^"'''• Dark l)lue, finely inioaceons, shales ]o" Shales, similar to above, with bands ef light Kiey, finely mioacecus sandstone, with carbonaceous nuirkin^'s resembling plant re- mains, but too fragmentary for determination 10 •Soft, grey, calcareous shales 3 .Soft, grey, calcarev)us shales, and finely micaceous, grey sandstone in thicker beds, with crinoid stems and shells -iO Sandstone in heavy beds, with thin bands of soft, grey shales 'Si Sandstone in heavy bods, weathering to a rusty, buff-colored, rotten stone with thin bands of shale, very fossiliferous in certain layers, especially along the junction planes of the sandstones and shales ;;o Soft, dark lilue shales and beds of sandstone 50 Soft, dark blue shales and beds of sandstone with fossils in certain layers 25(1 Dark grey shales, forming falls four feet high 10 iSaine shales 150 A small collection of fossils from tins locality, which has been List of fussiis. •examined by Mr. Ami, contains the following species: — Obscure PsHophyton ov plant like I'cmains. Numerous crinoidal joints. Orth's sp., of the type of Orthis rustica. Sow. SCro/MoHfc/K/ sp., with peculiar vermicular parasitic (?) organisms iittached to the outer test of the individual. Spirifem sp., cf. S. Mctarensis, Dawscjn, and S. aremsa, Conrad. lAchns (.?) or .some closely related genus of trilobito. The collection is scarcely sufficient or characteristic enough to ■state definitely whether the rocks from which it was obtained belong M NORTHERN NEW HIIUNSWICK. Litliologicnl chnriictcr. Upper forks KedgwickLiilit i to the upper portion of the Silnriaii system..,, to the hiise nf the Do vonian. These hccia re.^cmblo in ^renoral litholoyiciil charaete- the fossiliforou^ strata occurring near the edge of the Sih.rian on the Hercairuimie and elsewhere.* Beyond this fossil iforous l,an(i no exposures are seen in j,lace ibra distance of ahout ten miles along the stream ; largo angular blocks of a very hard, grit-like, grey sandstone are plentiful at a ])oint about three mdes above the boundary line, but th.' first exposure ui s,tu occurs about a mile and a half below the lake, where ledges of finely micace- ous, soft, blue slate, with layers of limestone, weathering into depressed bands an.l nodules, strike X.-,9-K. At the upper forks, half a mile below the lake, a ledge of the sa.ne ehai^acter occurs, and again about half-way down the lake asimilar lodge of highly calcareous, I'u.Hty blue slate, of nodular structure, weathering into irrc-ujar rid-es with . pitted depressions between, and with bla.k lilms along the cleavage l.lanes, forms a reef in the lake, and is exposed on the western .shore on ihchne of stiikc, which is N.49"^l<;. This lake, known as Ke.lgwick Lake, is two milo in length and has an average width of about half a nulc; it is quite shallow, and the immediate shores are fiat and swampy. Low hills wooded with spruce and cedar rise about a mile back from its shores. A stream eiiterin- near the head of the lake flows from a smaller lake with the same general features. No rock occurs in place cither on the stream or around the shores of the second lake ; large blocks of coarse sand- stone or fine conglomerate, holding small pieces of black slate ai'o common about the foot of the lake, and near its head, grev fine calcareous, arenaceous sandstone, weathering rusty, jiitted^n certain layers and slaty iu places, similar to that described above as oecurrino- in place on the stream, is strewn over the lake bottom in iar.re angular blocks. * From this lake, a portage of a mile and a .piarter, over a low ridge wooded with white birch, cedar and s,.ruce, leads toa small lake at the head of the left hand branch of liimouski Hivoi'. The only expo.^ures seen on this lake are at the narrows, three-quarters of a milo from its head; they are soft, grey, calcareous slates with narrow black bands which give to the lodges a ribanded appearance; the beds are consider- Ribande,.8ia.o.ably twisted, and are cut by a large vein of white ,,uarfz. Large angular blocks of the fine conglomerate, mentioned above, holding small pieces of soft, black slate, occur in numbers at this point, ^he stream draining the lake is very small, and flows through flat, 'The Silurian f.vatem of Northern Maine, New Urunswiek nnd Quebec, L. AVrBai7e7 Irans. Hoy. Soc ( an., ISSrt.See. IV.. ,. age .is. .i.miial Report, Vol. !., l.SS.^ |.age d U et se,,. Portaife to small lake on Rimouski Hiver. to the base nf ilio Do liariU'to'- tlif fossilifcrouh oil tlio lU'ccaguimic and aiv >ceii in jilace ibra %Yu;e an<,'iilar blocks of a il at a ])nint about three exjiosurc in situ ocoiii-m ledges of finely mieaoo- lathoi'ing into (ie|jressed ]il)Ci' foi'k-s, lialf a mile :'tor (H'ciiis, and again highly ealcarcous, I'list}^ o iricgiilar ridges with . ns along the cleavage m the wotei'n shore on wo miles in lengtli and quite shallow, and the lis wooded with spruce A stream onterino- LM- lake with the same her on the stream or )loeks of coarse sand- ces of black slate, ai-e ■ its head, gre\', tine, ■usty, pitted in certain ed above as occurring lake bottom in lai-ge ter, oyer a l" ATAW.VMICEDOWICk- .AM. ,u.MOrsiCI RIVER.s. O'.] M swampy land f„r abo,.. two n.iles below the l.ke, showing no . xposuros 'or pat-t of tins distance, however, the stream is eli.ked wilh la !^ ^!^JnTT T "".' ^""•-'"'-'•'"^- tl-' latter holding pebbles Angular b.o. limestone. Descending the stream, the tir.st expo.Hures. whi.di occur """"""'• a out a m.e and a half below the lake, are ru'y-wcalhe t ft darkgrey slates, with satindike surl-u.es and showing tine black band: mg; tlie bedding s ctit oblh.uely by an almost ^^rtical cleav S. rhe.e b ds are followed, at a distance of two miles r„,„er down the s re.un, by .ott. hnely micaceous, dark-grey slates; no general d^p o Id be got on account of the violent crumpling to whid. the beds liiive been subjecteil. di^^;:^ii::"f diV"'" ?^^''"" ''""^"' ^•^•'"'"■"' -'•^''-.teriy.e„e,.. nectton toi ., dis an.e of about >even inile.s, it then turns with'""' ' n'; Ze"l' T ^°"^''-"^'^--*- -<^ l"-o.-vos -hat direction n a genera -.niy for ten mile.s, to its Juiudioi, with the right hand ...nchof .he Rimouski River. On the eastern side .,f the bend no 1 dgesa.ee.xposed; near its ape.v a,id for some distance to the south "that point, large blocks of hard conglomerate and sandstone are hickly scattered alongthe bed of the river. The section seen between the northern point of the loop and the Rimouski Hiver supplies the s ,• ru^ Of that concealed along the upper part of the stream, \L ^t. ES^ Of the strata carrying them acuss both sides of the bend the expo- .th bands of limestone and occasional beds of sandstone. Takin-^ un these beds in order towards the north, or in the reverse order to U.a. m which they are seen in descending the stream, we have, two miles above the forks, an anlielinal fold with dark gr.y slate at the summit, and on either side slates, with interstratified bands of hai.l sandstone ten inches in thickness. Following these are dark grev slates a-^ain' bent and contorted, dipping south; and beyond, another anticlinal Jold, shewing slates with hard .sandstone bands two to three inches in thickness, and hard, grey silicious.smdstone. with fine, hair- like black markings and cut by veins of mixed calcite and quartz, and by large veins of rusty-weathering, white. piart/. These beds arc much twisted up and altered by compression, the slates becoming quite lignifomi in structure where they adjoin the beds of sandstone. On the main J«mouski River, strata sindlar to those above described Ri,uo„ski occur all aiong down to the great falls. They are mainly grev, calca- ''''" '"^'^' ^ous slates, with limestone hands, and with, here and there, interstra- tified bands of hard sandstone. The whole series of rocks above described has been subjected to vervcmmriin. Molent crumpling, the strata exposed along the main Rimouski River ."^hewing Its effects more particularly. Tlie folding is often of the 24 m NORHfEKN NEW BRUNSWICK. Vertical oteavuife. Efl'eots of pressure. Formation ol conglomeriite. Trend of folil,« mos, fantastic- .le«cri,,tlon, Hhowing local dipn towards ovo>y point of the tu.nd of the lold,s, wh.ch nm roughly north-east in broad curves A fine and strong vertical cleavage, which cuts the slates, strikes in the same d.rocn.,n ; this necessarily cuts the planes of bedding at various -^Ios.and renders ,he finding of fossils in tl. strata' extremely The planosnf cleavage become co-incident with those of beddin- only m dose proxnnity to comparatively thick beds of sandstone, which . une proved ng,d enough ,o withstand the cleaving action of he shove, and to nuluce in the adjoining slates a cleavage parallel I'ld::f ?'' ■' '"■'""■ ''''''' ''' '"^^ ■'^'-^- --tanceof t en of li :r r " "'"' '" ''" P''"'"^""" '" ^'^^ '^''^tes near o c , r"" '■"''"'■''■ '^'^^ «-^-«'"e pluses of crumpling have occu C.1 near the centre of b.-oad bands of ,late, where the twistin- an. d:stort.on of the beds has been very grea., and where a conglom^ eratc, snndar to that seen at the mouth of the Seigus stream, on Z St. John liiver,-'- has been formed. sto!I"""7'^.'';*T'''' " '""•'' "f^ "^ ^ub-angular pieces of impure limc- ments are often very considerably rounded, anc the rock might t places be read.ly mistaken for a <-onglon>erate with water-worn pe- shown. It has evidently been formed from slates, with interstratitiecl harder bands of lin^estone, which have been subjected ,o grea ate al pressure. The softer slates have bent and stretched under the tc exerted, wh.le the hardor bands have broken up. and, after having been partntlly rounded by attrition, have been sun.unded bv the slates betweoT ^"""'V"'""' '''' '"•'^'^" P'^«^'« «"^ «"-' '^^ -terstice !::iZ'bXv:'"^""""^' "- '^ '^'^^ '-"''' - ^^■-'"■■^ ^■^"^'- ^" ^'- 'im^\lTT' """''uT ""^. ''''''^'■''''' ^'^"^ *'^^^« whole series of ok^ and the parallol.sm to these of the planes of cleavage, would indi- f.om the south-east or north-west, and at right angles to the coast Ine to the south, and to the edge of the Laurentian HiTls to the north Jn'u'"P'''"V"i'-"^ ''"' ^''" ^'"'" above of the rocks exposed along the E.mouslu R.ver has been carried northward down the river only as flu. as the head of the Great Falls gorge ; the section whicl^ h br , "f' ,'''T" ''"^ '"'* '' ^"° ^"-^'^ ^"^ ^he St. Lawrence, ha. been desc. bed .n the (icology of Canada. 1863, pages 418 and 419! •Geology of Cnimilu,180.i,|j. 13). iwaids overy point of goniTuI paialleliHin in -oast in broad ciii'vos. 10 BlatoH, striken in tiio of bedding at various the sti-ala oxtromoly those of beddini-- onl}- 1 of sandstone, which cleaving action of is a cleavage parallel greater resistance of •n in the slates near *es of crumpling have , where the twistins.' tid where a congiom- Bigas stream, on the eces of impure lime- ; the enclosed frag- iho rock might iti I'ith water-worn peb- formation is clearly with intorstratiticd, 3ted to groat lateral 3hed under the force ), and, after having ounded bv the slates, tilled the interstices ture similar to that tho whole series of leavage, would indi- to this direction, or lesto the coast line Is to tho mrth. tho rocks exposed ard down the rivei- e section which the St. Lawience, has Js 418 and 419. BAiiEv * MciNKta ] . L'.'i M The Silurian a-o of the rockij described in the above section extending ,ii„ru„ a«^ .from tho Bestigouche Eivor westward on its tributary the (^u:itawam- 'it';"!,:,,''^;.'' kedgwick as fur as the tossiliforous strata above the provincial bound" .ary line admits ..f little doubt, as, altliouo-h fossils werr tinnul in them only at the one point mentioned, they are evidently, from 'heir litho- logical character and stiatigrai)hical position, tho continuation .'a>t- ward of the strata exposed along the St. .lohn liiver. Tliev are therefore considered to be Silurian, and probably of about the horizon of the Lower Helderberir. There is l.-ss rertainty with regard to tiic age of the rocks exposed P'ui.tnii ue. f along the Rimouski Rivrr and extendi nir across the heiuht of land to t'-d."'""'""''^ (^latawamke jgwirk ; no fossils have been discovered in them between theTache Hoad, where the rocks are fossiliferous and of Silurian age. and the fossil-bearing ledges above referred to as oecari'ing near the provincial boundary line. The whole extent of highly distiM-bed bods intervening cannot therefore, with any certainty^ be assigned to a particular horizon, and the question as to whether they nn- of Silurian age or otherwise is loCt until the work of another season shall have artbrded fuller evidence on the point. Tho parallel section further to tho west, to bo presently described, shows no strata further north than the Mt. Wissick ridge, which can be classed with any certaintv as Silurian. The Qaatawamkodgwick River Hows in a deep valley about half a vaiUy ..f mile in average width, and sweeps from side to side of this valley, k"'igwk*^"' leaving on either side between ,ho bends, flat land, extendinu- back to the hills which rise along the lower part of the river to a height of from 400 to 500 feet above its bed. The water is exceedingly clear and cold and the current very swift, with no stretches of deatl water ; fine deep pool.s, however, occur here and there along it> course, which form tho spawning bods of large numbers of salmon and trout. Small islands, wooded with balsam poplar, elm ami ash, are |)lentiful along the lower stretches .^x the rivei', and the scenery all along is sti'ikinifly beautiful. The approiu-iateness of the Indian name, (^uatawamkedgwiek (the Deriv.tion •river which runs down hill and disappears under the ground), becomes °^ "'""*• -apparent at many points along this part of tho river's course, where " the water, always swift, seems literally to run down hill, and to disaj)- pear under the mountains, towards the base of which it again and ao-ain Hows, and only turns abruptly off when to all apponr'ance on the • \t ■of disappearing beneath them. Higher up, tho valley gradually becomes narrower, and the confining HeUht of hiiu hills loftier, rising to heights of over 700 feet above the river becC Klevations of various points along tho valley and of many of the 2»J M IVaTcrshc'd. Kviiiciicc.' tilaciulioi;. NOHTIIEIIN NEW ItUI NSWH K. .e^.hk.unn.^r l„lls «ro Kivon by Mr. Chulmor.. in th. am.uul ropor, for 18'. llH' ^.ontM-al cl.urnotei- of tlu- valley remain.s the ^amo i.n t„ Hi l..„arew,„il...,ttho M.ain forks; abovo thi« point, tbo hills o,. either s„lo ,!r,,,, I „a I ly disappear an.l ibo country Lonlerin^ , he stream 'leoonies flat an.l .•ontinuos so to (he lakes which lie at its source Ihese are divide.) tr.,m lakes draining i.,1.. the Kimouski by only a I'.vv n.lge. and the whole ext..nt or,.o„„try lyino- about the hea.lwatcrs "i Lose rivers is generally of even .surface with large an-as ..: .vani,, =.>.d w.tb few elevations rising to any considerable height above Ih.. .ircH.ra level. Kvid..nce that .his level huul whieh Ibrms the central wator.>lH..I was once cvered by ghn^ier i... is atlbr.le.l by the .leposits of boulder clay which ..ec„r at different p.>ints. A dcpo.it of this ;'»""■.. n.,ted by Mr. . •halmers,* ocirs two miles and .hree-.,uarters ''el.>w Ale )o„gairs I5r..ok, and is here overlai.l by a s.raliricl bcl of sand »™i gravel. BouMer .^lay was n.,te,l at two other p.,inls lurther up on tbo stream. .,ne of these was at a b.-n.! in the river, a ..narter of a mile •■.hove the ..r.,ssingot the provincial bouu.lary line, and the other a quarter ot a mil,, below it. At these ,.oiuts the river 'v.shes against and cuts mt... a bank of uustratitied clay from twenty ,o thirl v feet in boight holding pebbbw an.l small b.mldcrs of the' l,.al rod. with 10 overlying (-•.\|)osuro below, smo..thed and tlattene.l sides longitn-linallv stiiate.l- tl stratiHe.1 .san.ls an.l gravels, which occur in the ' are hetv entirely wanting, only a thin layer ofloam eoverin-^ the clay. Thestr,.amat the crossing of the boun.larv line is probably below about 150 feet higher that, at the boulder clav .leposit be McDougall s H,nok, or, taking the heights of the latter j.lace given Mr. Chalmers. .oTHfe.'t above sea level. Troif Tisrclcj and TulaiJi Riven'. ■''t. .Teaii ..Je l>ieu. Jioisbousruc/ii- ,ind Tiihtdi rivers. A seeon.i traverse was made aero.ss the watershed s..utb of the St. Lawrence, l^; way of the Trois Pistoles and Tuladi rivers and their branehe.s. Ihe lioisbouseache ..r left hand branch ,.f the former river was tollowe,! from the settlement of S). .Jean do Dieu upwards tor a distance of eight miles. From this point Lac des lies at the head of the left hand branch .)f Tuladi JJiver was reached bv a short portage. The road wliich leads back from Trois Pistoles Station to ibe settlement of St. Jean do Dieu, a .listance of twelve miles, passes over a succession of low rolling hills, rising gradually from the St Lawrence and cros.ses alternately belts of har.l silic'eous sandstone (Bo-ca ed Sillery) forming the h.ghor hills,and green an.l purple slates (so^h3.1 Lauzon) occupying the intervening valleys. Those rock* *Anmml RejM.rt, 1x86, imge 15, .M. hv idiiiiiiil lopori foi- lin.s tho >amo up to * point, tho hills on oiilofih",' the stream c at iiH soui'ce, Kitnoiihki hy only a lioiit tlio iR'aihvutcrs u'^'e areas o; -vrtimp lo Iieiyht abovo fh*' h Ibrins the cuntru! rik'd by tho dopositf* A deposit of this ^ ;iiid tliree-(|uartorH l that will be aitcinpted now will 1)0 to deserilie the exposures observed aloiiL;- the .-treauis Iiaversed on th IS route, Aseeiidiiig tl,o stroani from the sollleiiieiii uf ,Si. Jean de Dion, the Sedion -ttn first exposures soon form a low fall alinut 2(M» yard- above the main teoiiM,>tu' ioa at the inoutli of a small brook) entering on the left bank", which drains the lake tbioiigh which tho portage to Lac des lies jiasses; they are satulstones and .soft red and greenish-grey slates, witii soapy feel and with liinostono bands, two 10 same sjale- again appear in a Mint three (juartors of inches in thickness, iiiterstratitiod. Tl iw bluff on tho right hand side of the portage. ;d way aon)ss. dipping .S.K.<70", Lac des Hots is a small, shallow th( ake. about tW( mil( half in length, and has an average width a I, the si ;i iiiiarter of a mile ; lores are quite low and show no exposures of rock in situ. A number of small islands at th e narrows, near the ho ad (I f th lake, are formed of angular blocks of dark grey, hard, siliceous sandstone, which probably occurs in place boneath or near at hand; the nearo-t exposure of this sandstone seen, however, crops out on the stroa m )10s I Hi\icro St. .1 oaii) tlirociiuarters of a mile ?'^'"''''-'"^' below tho lake, where it dips N.;i8'^\V.<(;5=. A mile below, hard, grey sandstone, composed largely of quartz grains, with some felspar, and with small pieces of black slate, ilips N.41 ^ .'JO^ ; and beds of tho .samo character, Imt greenish in color ami a.ssociated with hard, (ley slates, crop out on the stream about a third of a mile below.'and p in the reverse direction at a very high a lean di ngle. A (piartei 'of a mile further down, the same bard sandstones and slates, with hard very dark grey, splintery shales, dip .\.30=W.< 85' ; theso arc followed 28 m Nl'HTIIEHN NK\S UHl .\,Wr.K, about haU'n milo holow, h above, which hoM pioco>< of soft bin in two niiloH nf Lar .los Aij^Mos no qiiartois oj'n milu the wtroani fl loputitioM mCiIi,. i,o.U ..|',i,ii.l ^loiic Moeii ek Mliitc. Krorn tliis |initit fn with- oxpoNiiifs aio ■looks. A«e (if the liiiisboujciioho River rock.". 1- "• '»-" ^Liiu, aiMiiii c <;n een inclics n '•'""'o.or oc..,.,. in „.e bed .,f U.e .troam, together ^i.h lai-. wel '•■" .-i bun dcrs, perhaps six tee, in diameter, of highly c^ all K^uhirsiuidstone, with broken bands ot limestone, ^n^.i.;:;!: 'nan:y l">',i,'o cnrals resomliling Faoosites Gothlondtcu.^ ^ sirnirc!''!^'''""''''!'-? ••'^^ «''"^^"y-o-"blc^ that ot the bedn of «.rn,lai c„a,aoter. which make up the mass „, Mount Wissick on Lake T mncouata,* and the blocks themselves arc probablv -lerivcd Hw --.b-casten. end of the ridge of whi.h Mount Wi.ick form.tl sou ift-w ostein termination. Of the strata above described the whole scrie> occurring- -ilon- tho o.sbouscache H.ver is. with little doubt, a contuiualion and paHly a cpetinon o that observed along the road leading southward from Tn,is I Kstoles station, and tl... set of bed., observed alon^- the Riviere St Jean. ^:':^T''''''T'''''J^'''''''^''- -' ^'•^•-^-■' northward "f thos n hich <>cc..r along the «horoH of the northern arm of Lake Temis- -uaaandwh.^ bo o Ml.tcrous s rata of Mt. Wi.«ick. The whole sectio,: southerly to on U?7 :'"".'"' north-easterly oxtentation of Mt. WisieU woidd thus seem to embrace only rocks of SiHory Ripper Cambrian)' l-ae.. .u.ie... The immediate .hore« of Lac des Aiglcs are quite luw. and no rock in place was seen on the lake. H.mho. and water lilies grow in protrusion around the lake shores and often extend far out into its waters, which arc quite shallow. The sream draining the lake also flows, through Hat land, and joins the HoKon branch of the Tuludi River about half a mile above the' unet on oflhat branch and the S-iuatook branch. J»ncnon * (JcoliiKy uf Ciinarlii, lSt'oiio iniic. A hIioi-I It I'ighloi'n iiu'hfs in Of with lilf^'CM', woll- "f liii,'lily caleuivous 01U-, ami rontaiiiini,' tlint ot ilic bo(l8 of Hit \Vis>iclc on Lalvc iliably ili^'ivt'd from It WissicU forms tho 'iccurriiii;' iJoiiii' tli<- Illation and partly a nithvvard from Trois thf Kivii'ioSt. Jean, ntioii northward of arniof LakoTomis- ent report, underlie >cctioii eotitherly to ion of Mt. Wissick, (Upper Cambrian) i- low, and no rock id the lake shoret*, [iiite shallow. The land, and joins the above the junction is a ivni.okal.jy Miioolh-rtowinir river wilhout liilU „r .lUst liol.iw the fiisi lake and riiluji Ki(cr. i.ii.J. Tho Tiiladi lajiids, with till, cx.epti-in of .me sma! a short rapid almv,. it, nioiilh. Fine (lat.s oeei.r at many points along its ..o,„„, i,.,|eei the whole''"'"' iract ol land ulon:: thr river seenis i,, bo of ex.Hieiu .,,ialit\ The traverse uhic-h has been deseribe.) follows an old I.Vlian route, n,,n,.,i, .„ u huh onee Jom,o.l om of the main highways ofeomniuni.'ation between """" the .St. John FJae.. and the St. Lawrence. Tw„ „f ,he old eampinL' |.la>-os on th,. route, whirl, are imw over grown will, ,,uite larye ''■""■* "'^7 ^'^"^^'i "'■ "'"^" i^ Hituateil on a p.,in( ,.,. the south > lore ,.f Lar dos Aigles, opposit.. II,.. n,Mulh olil,.. inlei fp.„. Lae des lets and the other is on the left bank of th.. rivr at t.ie foot of Fu-^ I nladi Lake. The latter pla..e has ..vMently b..e., a (iiv..urit.. one for p, , . ""• "i"'""'""'"' r flint in.plements. as the sur/i.... ..ver a .■..nsi.lerablo '"' |..Ta is.h.itcd will, liltl.. pil.., ,.f ,iini ..|,ip... TI... mafrial use.| munt liavo been .Icrive I from th.. drill, as no suiiabio rock .„..,u.s in pla... Ill the vi.'iiiity. ' ''''"■ .^'^''^"^'"^ ■'"'•'•"'.^ "" H't. lak.. and at the ..api.ls in tl,.. h.wer I'art o( the rive;, ar.. .b'si-ribed in an.,lher part nf ihj. coport. L(j/,-<; Temiscouata. Tho rocks ofLukcTeniiscuata have been d...erib..d in ,.oMsi,|..rable I-'k- 'lotail, and are given with sections illustrating the relations an.i i.rob "''"'■'■""""■ Mbl.. thickness .,f the princiiial bcis in the (ieology of Canada 180"J |:agcs41!M25 It is with pleasure thai we bear l..slimony to the ^-ene: A,.,.n,cyM- I a! accuracy of these descriptirms, wl,i..h, s., far a> the litholo-y oV thett^v'of locks IS concerned, I.'av.. little to be desired. A careful review how- ^'"""''"'' '"'" cver,of theadniirabl.. but ..omple.N sectir.n hero revealed has enabled us to a.ld very .■onsi.ierably to the lists of organic remains in (he beds already kii.iwn to be (nssilirV-rous, uh well as to rec.ird their i.,...>ence in ••ortaii, portions of th.- series in which (hey ha.l not i-roviouslv been observed; while the exploration .,f the snri..,un.lino. country an.l the comparisonof this with .listricts sdidie.l el.sewher... have served (..throw new light on points hitherto obscuio. The (blLminn >ection is a con- densation of that in th.. (Jcdogy of Cana.la, with such additional infor-Con-loscl mation as has been recently ob(aine.l. The secdon begins on (he north ^^^i^^r side of Mount Wissick or Mount Lennox, where th.- rocks of th.. Silurian nystem may be seen to r,..*t nneonf„rmablv ui.o,, those of th.- 'Mjuebec group'' : — IV Greenish grey and black slates, allernatin-.' in thin hands, two t<, three inches wi.le, with ,'rey or buU' woatherin- dolomitic limestones, ihese beds occur on the nortli-east side of a small cove above ^,U 30 M NORTHEIIN NKW l!Hr.N.s\vi('K, <'i'iiJeDsei| section of Ml . \Vit.«i,k, :ni^,. ■ Crinoi.lal fragments; Chonelcs ; Strophoilonla vari- ."tnalii, Conrad ; Rliyvchovrlhi vucli,>hUi,U:\\\, It sp. in.it. ; Mnipa leliciilnriK, /.. ; M,riH,ll<, or M,rhUi. very abundant, and inclu.ling three si>e.ies, .)/. l„Ua. Jlall, .1/. huvh, Vanuxem, M. didinrM, Dal- man; MnjumhohU, sp. ; Gmiiiiiijif^i,, sp.. resembling G. Acai/icu, Hillings; (hlho„„l„, sij.; Ci-ck/Zc/A, sp. ; Orthoanis, with large siphun.'le .11 one side, ten septa in the space of .seven .entinietres, and seven septa t.i its own diameter; CiiniiiHtn>jU.nmuK, Hall; Cnh/ni,,,. niiiwriihaclni, Brongniart; Bojrivhia tuber ndata, Kl.cden,' ly|)ical exainfilcs, and in great abundance; /VocMid.^sp. iu.lt. These beds are regar.led by Mr. Ami, by wh.im the fossils have been examine.l and in part .ulUM'ted, as .■orresiion.ling to the Chat Kiver limestones, e.inivalent to the iipimr jiart of the Chaleur gr.Hip, an.l about e.inivalent to the lower part of the Lower Hel.ler- l>enr formation. Dip S.(i.-)°K. (iO°. Thickne.ss about U) feet. liedfaii.l green shale, in alternating bands, with green argilla.'eous Kaii.lst.ines, The .lip of these beds where they overlie those last memione.l is SJm'^E.vJ:,", their strong slaty cleavage having an underlay of N.(i.^'^\V.<;80°, but in loll., wing liiem along the precipi- tous fa.e .(f 111.' uioitntaiu, th.'y are loutid to fold over and exhibit a dip N.-IO \V. -40°. They are also broken by a fault. Their • ■stiniatc'l tbi.kness is l'*')feet n 'JA ILE« « HclNNEl.] LAKE TEMtSCOi ATA. :;l Jl io( ks, siijjjioseil to lie MKTiipy nil tlie iipfcr to iiiiicli crumpliii^r, cliniilinii, tlioir ili|,.. 7()°-8()°. They jiavo inknowii. 11/ peliMes, iiiinj^led iiidy matrix. Tliose i 8|ince across tlie ifS.(ir)°K<40" would (MLM'eet. 'lieso rocks are jrrey treous siuraceH, often lions an^ pinkish or ts. Tlioir thickness, I feet, hut thoy were ^hi<■h, with an aver- 42(» feet. eslone pehhlcs (with ftvo a breadth offio 114 feet. u.'-s about IC feet. nd lenticular masses !iese are the follow- I sp. or l)i ndrdjiorti ; ; Stropliodmila tvri- /»'. sp. indt. ; Alrijpa dant, and including II, M. didjirrM, Dal- nhling (1. Acadini, linnnm, with larfie f .seven centinietre.s. •/■Hmjlcntosui), Hall ; lidiirailaht, Kloden, III tux f sp. indt. o fossils have been idinp: to the Chat irt of the Chaleur tlie Lower Heldor- iibout 10 feet. ^reen argillaceous iy overlie those last leava.L'e havin>.'' an II idon^r the [>nH'ii)i- d over and exhibit by a faidt. Their 12') feet. Coiiiloiiae I •'•oliiiii of M; \VM»ickbi'.l.-, t.rey nodular Ini.eMone-., ron,s|,i.Mu,u.sly ,iivided,mtamriMriaU,. fo.irad, in K'oat abu.ulan.'e and formin- the typl.^al representative of the /one • Oramrwjna, sp., resembling G. Vnnadeum, llilli,,-.; ,' M,v,^..- /„pcn/,Vm, sp. ; limricMn Klo.dmi .N.werby or a variety of that species; Jki/rwlna]>p. allicl to B ■ nmlatn-a, Hall; n,nrirkia, a thin! s,H3cies, el.^vated and -lobose' not recoK>n/e,l as a described form ; Cnhjmnu; like C. lilmnc,d,„rhii -oroiifrniart- ' \^\r. Ami considers these fossils also to indicate the liori/on of the lower iwrtion of the Lower Helderberg .series. The authors were assisfd m the collection of tlio fossils by Mr. .Ami and Mr. W.T H Heed 1 lhickne,ss about .„, ^ '^ >.,. „ ,. ;50 feet. <..ev 'irenaceous limestones ami saiulstones formin- the upper portion ot Mt. Uissick.butslopin- to the level of the lake, with adipS.ro'F in this village also a fonsidcrable mass of white sandstone or qiiartz- jte, bearing mueh reseinblanee to that at the base of the niuuntain, but it equallj' resembles other great masses of rock a few miles to the north, whirh have been supi.osed to represent the Sillery formation of th.' <,tuebee gro.ip. These liave a much liighor dip than any of the beds of the mountain, ami ;--e probably correctly ref-^rred to the older series. B!rrmi'oi„t Jietween the highest beds of Ml. VVissick and those of lilach Point, cDgiomeraies. the tirst e.Kposure to the .south, there is a sufficietu interval for 127(> feet of sti-ata with the dip above given (Geology of Cana: — straight form, show ica of Billings. >blej "f tliese eonglomerates- Brachiopoda. Lingula, sp. indt. Orthis sp. indt., apparently allied to (). hyhri.la, Sowerby, or O.elegantuln, Dalman. Plalystropldabiforata, Schlotheim, var. /(/«,■ |.'ich Strophomena, s,,., of the type of ^. alteniata. t'onrad hhynchoneWi, sp, Triphsia .' sp. GaSTEKOI'ODA. Pleurotoinaria or P/atyostoma. Murchlsonia sp., an apparently young shell, with compara- M^-ely large body-chamber, and small acute spire. Ptkropoda, HyolUhes (Thecu) Ferine., Sharpe. A specimen which ^sembles the species found in the Silurian of Arisai^r JN..S, and here identified with IF. Forhesi, ('EI'IIAI.0I'0UA. Orthoceras, sp. indt. These fossils suggest the idea that the rock, frotn which they were obtamed are about the age of the Niagara Limestone It IS important to notice in connection with the Points ■>„.• t 1 1 -Klstones the evidence which they appear V'^^^Z.;::^::^^^- ous volcanic activity. This is, perhaps, partly indicated by the c u, o the rock, which v.tries from green to rod and purple, but s mc)..; .10 Hy seen ,n the abundance of epidolo with which the rod. is handed and, in places its somewhat amygdaloidal aspect. Much of it is a c^n ..otnerate rather than a sandstone, the pebbles and paste being much l.ke in character, and both somewhat porphvritic. The presence of '«nds ot purplish black Jasper is also a tioticeable feature ^ The rocks above described, in addition to their somewhat conspicuous •I.M.!ay on the shore of the lake at Pointo aux Trembles, are a 1 0^1 -■en along the course of the Tuladi Kiver, the first mile of this stream ■ .ng over the green and reddish sandstones, here dipping S.50-R <^^1 , wh.le at the Tuladi Falls and in the rapids ibove, the rocks are 1.0 grey sandy shales and sandstones, with Lrse gre; gr t o d.n. Oagments of black slates and yellowish weathering dolomite havn"^ 3 34 m NORTHER.V NEW BRUNSWICK, Foasils from First Tuliidi Lake. Annelid trails Following the course of the beds the same Mtruta come out upon the shores of the First Tuladi Lake, where they again cr.ntain numerous fossils, indicative of their ai;e. The tbilowing were ol-tained from soft, grey shales, forming low ledges along the western shore of the lake, about half a mile above the outlet, ami in a position corresponding to that of the fossiliferous beds of Pointe aux Trembles :— BaAcniopoDA. Orthis hijbrida, Sowerb\-. Orthis riabellulum .' var. ? Spirifera or Pla<;/strophia, possibly P. bijorata. var. Iijnx, JOich. Strophomenu, sp. Lcptacna transrersalif:, J>nlmnn. Rhynchonella. sp. Pentaments ! sp. Leptocoelia, sp. Lamellibranchiata. Modlolopsis orthonota ! Coni'ad. Moiholopds. sp. indt. Orthonota solenoides .' Pterinea, sp. indt., showing coarse reticulate surface markings. Gasteropoda. Bucanl.a stiijmosa, Hall. Two typical examples. Murchisonia Conradi, Hall, or a closely allied species. MitrcMsonia, sp., like M. subulata.ConvSid. Loxonema, sp. Pleurotomaria of P. Axlon, Hall, with Hne cancellated mark- ings on the shells, whicli ai-e well preserved. Holopea, type of ^. Harmonia, Billings, but much smaller. ? Turbo Octarhtct, d'Orbigny, or T. carinatus. Trilobita. Portion of the pleuron of a trilobite. These fossils probably indicate as low a horizon in the Silurian system as the lower part of the Niagara formation, or perhaps the Clinton. Those shales are followed here, as elsewhere, bv sandstones corres- ponding to those at Pointe mix Trembles. They re-appeai- also on the south-eastern side of the lake, and are hero remarkable as containing numerous tracks or trails of some marine animal, probablvofan anneliif. These tracks resemble those known from the Silurian rocks of Western ta come out upon the An contain numerous re oljtainod from .soft, ern shore >>t' the lake. Lion correspondiiicj to les :— oniia. var. /jjnx, FAcli. te surface markinirs. mples. led species. ! cancellated raai'k- iserved. it much smaller. tits. on in the .Silurian ion, or perhaps the ■ sandstones corres- L'-a[tiiear also on the kalile as containing iliahlyofan annelid. iM rocks of Western BAIIRV 4 MclSNES. Ontario, a,-. Jfar^i I-AKK TEMISfOIATA. 'rua Of Arfhrophycus; al.- those descrihod by Mr. Whitc-aves i '(), aiH 35 Ji in a marked di't-Tco, nites As the Lake Tulad i,aMuis last named, th rom (Jaspt^, under the mune G e name of (', 1 specimens most j)r.iliabiy l.eiomr ( minor is h yrich- o the Mr. Whiteaves " ""' '" "'''"" **"^'^'*^'"'^^'^> f'"' ^fi^''! ''v ai ii.s uasc, in a poMhon correspond ntr tothatofihe ^ a e. desenbed on Tuh.di L.ke. are numerous loos! .^ , . "f ■^hale and sandstone, in which lossils are numerous. Thev "S not ve • v r preserved, but amon. them the following have been rec^ig.dlHt. ^'"^ '''' Crinoidal fragments. /^aphrentis, sp. indt. Favosites. Balysites ratenulatus, L, Orthis, sp., of the type of O. hybnda, «.,wei'bv iitrophomena, sp. Lep1,vna transversalL<. Dalman. Spirifrraplicatelln, var. rndiata, Soworbv. (ioniop/iora, .sp. StraparoUus, sp. ••' Jfolopea, sp. *-,.e,;„„,<.«I„,,„uV..U.,.v.,.,.th,,,.,,,,,;;r: e^^L^^ tiiuna indicative of a lower honV.on. "\V( Hence rc-ardtheMt. Wissickiauitand beds as having been brought to the'suH;u.;i,y ^ tSuilt nimdm! just north "'-"'"-'t^- of and parallel to ,ho conglomerates of Black and Mnm, .^ , . would thus become the ,rue base of the S i."H^st m ^XVu"" iaot that the strata of Mount Wissiek J'::::::^^:^;, ,.f l^'l^ ^ cate tha this break occurre.l prior to the deposition of the Mon t W.ssick beds, and hence tha. the lower and u,,per po"t o of Ibe S mn system are here unconlormable. Compar'l J t^ ^^r , ^n ^ Cxaspo peninsula, tho.se of Mount Wis.sick are eviden tlv the .t, -ntatives of those on the south side of the Shick:;:;r3Io.;nL::f:; 36 m MOUTIIKUN NEW JIKINSWIOK. Prubable aRe of tlif slates. m # the Chatto and Matanno rivors, as alHo of tho.sc on Lalrcsent the ione series, being pos- er. The only points ;ed are the vicinity of ', N.B., and part of the e. As each of these obtained by previous n the geology of the to give some of the ia ('o., jS.B. in the vicinity of the 3 feature is the occur- osomblanee tothatof ', very much thinner eding fifty feet, and * of limestone, ser; , by what appear to lalf an inch to tour which lie parallel to n following the beds ^*,uy*Mc,N»M.] IPPER ST. .lOHN AM- AROOSTOOK SErTf.,N. :{7 ,r u,)on their strike these limestone bands or lasers iturease in number and, with only thin, shaly partings, finally coalesce, or nearly so, int.i n bed, about fortv feet thick, of tolerably pure lim.-stone, used fur barnmg; m which, however, each layer is still divided bv numerous ran8ver,se breaks, into separate blocks. In ihefeaturos thus described hey appear to nearly resemble a portion of the (Jaspd section, as described and figured on page :{92 of the " Geology of Canada " We have been unable to fin.l any fossils in thes. conglomerates, thou-.h th.y are stated m the wo.'k last referred to to eontain them, in the e-xannnation, however, of the sandstone beds which are associated with ^nd succeed the conglomerates on the south, we have found a fossil Ko-i.^ from' resembling the y^aphrenL, from Squatook Mountain, together with u,, '^'o*- «'-' rema.ns of an Ort/,s and a .Strophomena, apparently S rho,nl.ou/.Uis, W.lckens These fossils, together with the character of the sa-.d- stoncs which ave often coarse and mo,e or less vesicular, and nearly resemble those of Pointe-aux-Trembles, render it very probable that they are the equivalonts of the latter, and belong to the lower or Niagara portion of the Silurian system. Their dip, like that of the <=ong omerates, is vertical (S. 40^-45- E. < -lO"), and their breadth about a f urlonu. Heyond those are exposures of blue slates, which at about the sa, . distance, are succeeded by a second set of limestone beds, much like the tirst but purer, and which are also in a vertical position, with an exposed brea.lth of loO feet. To these limestones succeeds the valley of the Siogas, beyond which there are no expos- ures as far as Grand liiver. South of Grand River the ro.ks are ^gain slaty, grey, green ami red argiljitos, with thin hematitic hands- their dip being N. 40'^ W.-\ 80"'. ' C'pper St. John and Aroostook Section. With the several sections of the Silurian basin which have now been Uppor St, Joha !,iven, and which lie wholly within the territorial limits of Canada we dion"""""'' may hnally compare still another. This section is parallel to but west/ ward of that last described. It erosses parts of Quebec and New Brunswick, and also a considerable portion of northern Maine Its comparison with those already given is desirable, not only from the pecuhar geographical position of a portion of New Brunswick which '«, as It were, dovetailed between Quebec and Maine, but from tiie further fact that in the county of Aroostook, in Maine the •Jac.hties for tho study of the Silurian system are exceptionally good >tems,.s placed a. ,lu. head ot Pohencgamook or Bonndarv Lake whereas .t« rue p.st.ion, as correctly represented in ihe .n.^lo-.y .f Canada (i>. 4 0) .s .o.ewhere near and probably below the foot o^t't lake The roeks wlucl. border Pohet.egamook Lake, even to its southern extremuy, are certainly chose of ,ho (Quebec group, so called'- but n, explonng the adjacen. c..„t,y. the only beds b^- .- id, ^ I e- g.nn.ng ot the Silurian co.dd be determine.! were Certain whm.h. CabanoP„rn,«e7;';'"^'''"« •^'^>»'->ones which outcrop on a small l,ro„k in the vicinitv of Cabano Portage. These appear to be lying at a verv low ang 1 w'irbutV>t '■"'"'.•''" ""''^" ■""'■^'"" " the- base of Mount WisKk, hut no trace of anyas,soeiatod limestones orofanvtossiliferouM strata could be found, and beyond .he fact of their being Silurian I ft e can be sa.d as to their relations. S.ill fu,,her west simih.,. dim u 0. Elf-M^r' ']''■' '"«^ -'•'' "1-n the Jiig Hlack and Little HIack rive x ^p that upon the latter, whi..!, is ,br the most part very tortu'ous ad boundary of the hdttnan occurs at its Junction with it. main or north- east branch about hfteen miles from the St. John Hive,-. The rocks ut th:s ponu eonsi.st of dark purplish grey to black ar.d somewhat graphitic slates. associated with beds of hard grey grit or sandstone whith L in part conglomerates, and hold numerous fragments of black slate. Their dtp IS &. 60^> !■:. . 0-0^ These are supposed to be of Silurian age. b t d.ffer u. nnpor.ant respects from any portion of this svsten. elsewhere seen We were unable to penetrate above this point' upon the Little lilack for want ot water. To the south of the line above described, the whole country between the lower half of lem.scouata Lake and the Madawaska JJiver upon the IJiver. !?-*» ouiUii. mil. li (iiifirult\ meter m il,e I'durUry, liaiiictcr of the urider- It i>, however, quitt^ ■^toin. as given by Mr. I 13!)^ is, both on the omewhiit out of place, line with the Quebec >n(iin,-- /leariy to the 'inentof St. Louis de I fills point Ciirnbro- '-oiith-easlward of it xposed tr. view which the true line of con- iinl of the vilhin-c of 3 helweeii these two or Boiiiiilary Laiie, 1 in I he (Jeology of below tlie foot of the Liilv-e, even to its bee group, so called; ds by wbieh the l»e- pre certain whitish- I'odIc ill the vieinitv yoiy low angle and the base of Mount r of any tbssiliforous being .Silurian, littlft it similar difficultios ^laclc I'ivei's, except t very toituous and ' mark the nortiierii h its main or north- liver. The I'ocks at somewhat graphitic Is; one wliich are in f black slate. Their Df Silurian age, but s system elsewhere int upon the Little le count!'}- between iska Kivei' upon the iipiicrSt. Jolin. B.,u**Mr,NNts.] II'PER ST. .lOIlN .\M) AIluusTOOK SECTION. ;!«) m one side, and the valley of the upper St. .lolu, .,n the other, appears to,.wte„«,.„ U, entire^- ccupie.! by .,aty strata. The .ongiomerates I.f Black yJS'; Point and t. o sandstones of I'ointe au.x Tremble, .-an be traced for .i "''''^"• short distance only, to the westward of the lake, and unle.s the tWrmer be represented by the beds referred to hove on the Little Hiaok are wholly wanting to the westward, an are also the limestones of Mount \\ issicv The exposures of the slafs on t he other hand are numerous, especially along the valley of the St. .lohn where they wcrefreouenti; o^erved as high as the Seven Island, eighty-tive miles Sibov^ Seven I.,a„a. Ldmundston. Pbey present m this distance but verv little variation e.vcept that they occasionally inclu.le beds of sandstone and have u nearly uniform bluish-black or dark-grey colour, which, by weathering becomes greenish, or by action of water somewhat reddish in aspect Ihoy are only slightly calcareous bu. are not unfre.juently micaciou.s' their dark-green colour being apparently the result of (ineh- dissemi- nated chlorite. .Owing to their strong slaty cleavage the tnie din is not always easily made out, but when this i« di>tinctlv discernable i't .s^ usually at prettyhigh angles and sometimes nearly ;er(ical or with ai.rupt and intricate plications. Their western limit was not' reached i,„ut of on the main St. John, but from such information as we have becr.ble '''""'"' '^" to obtain we think it probable .but this limit i> not far from and 'ins " tegcneral course of, the International Boundary, crossing the .sourc'e.s nt he Big Blaek Tliver and the north-west branch of the St..Iohnafew miles west of Seven Islands. . Aroostook Counf}/, ALiin,. comtrir" If'"' '" '^" rr""''""^ ""•' "'•^'^""■^ "'"'^ '^^^ •'«•- River Aro^ook c unpusing the county of Aroostook, Maine, is, like the adjacent parts''^""'"' olvew Brunswick, largely occupied by slates. The v cover the whole of the northern part of that county as seen on Fi;h River to Ka.rle Lake, and on the Alleguash Ibr fifteen or twenty miles from its mouth and, with the possible exception of Mars Hill, are the only rocks seen along the International boundary as far south as Houlton"; but a few miles to the westward these slates are interrupted bv several bands which are qu' ditlerent in character if not in age, and which are of much interest eir bearing upon the geology of New Brunswick and «IIIV A naHHtt J FOSSILS PROM SQKARK LAKE. lakes tho rocks are from thoHe which h thene occurw aluo Idish and chocolate meratfs, wliich are lom bed.s of impure ains. Tho host ex- ick Lake (near the and fossiliforouM e Maine SUita Sur- • dewcriptive of the liyMr. E. BillingH, story. In addition from various parts •ns of twenty-eight for the first time. i as the only more of tiio Canadian not only to rocog- several additional new, we think it and often typical E Sedoewick) 41 M Strophodonta pmctulifera, Conrad. ■>S(ro/,fiomena r/iomfjoidalLs, Wiickons. " indentata, ('onrad. Spirifera marropUura, CJonrad. " perlamellosa, Hall. " modesta .' Mali. '■ sp. inJt. Athyris Ilarpali/c,:, Billings. " Blanchi, Hillings. MerUteUa iieris, Vanuxeni, Rei:ia dubui, Billings. " Electro, Billings. '• formcMi, WiiW. (Hp.) Hippolyte, Billing . Atrypa retiruhirls, \.. Rhynchmella Mainensis, Billings. bialceata, Hall. allied to R. Aspami, M., and A'. ■tltipU.'.itu Hull .' Renssel i.iforvcninL' •' flioioii^'hraros " uio fwU wliid. .ar t bo vcrv far rc-jiiovotl iioni thorn in aj,'o. OnLon^' Lake, tlio most oastorly •>f tlii> .hain ot" depressions, and whicli in not moro ilian s.^von miloH from til,. St. John Rivor, I ho rockH are ohioHy slaty, and much the -amo ill rharacter as on the lattor stroam, hut on a small island near its head iMcliidc also lodgch of soft and ruhhiy dark .i,'roy sandHtono. from which was .ihiaiiu.l the j.yj^idium of a tril.'hitc. TIicho sm.d- -t..ncs arc holiovcd tu mark tlio castorn oxtremily of a holt of rocks which oNtends all thc.wa.v from Long J.ako to Hagle Lake, hut whicji is bent seen upon the lattor. Tho exposures at Ka-lc Lake arc in a scries of Miitls which form its eastern t*horc about a mile below the entrance ol tl fhorouirhfuro" from S.|uaro Luke, and present Ihc ;(dlowiiitr apparently aweondin^' section :— lin.unish led shales and c(.n>.'IonierHte.s. The latter are iirodiiced by the ciiclo.sure in tiie shales of nunierons small nmiided pebbles anil one very lai-e ir^.•^'llhlr mass, la feet by 4 feet (iwssibly a lenticular lied), which are- themselves ionp;loiiioriifes nr coarst^ jrrits. cdntain- , in« numerous particles ufjireen, re.'rey saiulstones aii.l shales, much contorted and tille.l with seams lit spar, tlu^ joint surfaces often somewhat pliimbat'lnons. I'ark-trrey slates, holdinj; obscure remains of plants. r.riirht red slates and dark rubbly slates. l'ark-;rrcy, liluish-weatherint,' slates, of the ordinary Silurian tyjie. All of the above beds have a north-westerly dip, and though not form- ing tin absolutely continuous section, ai)pea.'' to be all memterB of one group. Similar beds are seen at intervals also along the S([uare Lake thoroughtiire ami a-ain on th;,i by which Fisli River flows Irom Nadeau Lake near .;:e roau,ul. ,.f tl,. ,1..|.,v.mo,. ,„■ ..., ios uC,|.. ., , , p.;..H,ons above .l,...!!.,!, a...l .l,.ai,K..I 1^- ,|.e ohm iuund, of VllJ'^'^-^''- Ihvo,., ,. the approximately paraild eunt uud w.st depn.-M,,,. oecM,,.!..,! by bo AmostooL Tb.. intn.vc.nin, tn... ...,.pio.l I'v ..on,.,.,, H - HKbar.l broken lund wbid., bowover, is ah .■ompi;.,..ly i ,.,,,,.,„; by the Ho,ah-we«torly or main brand. .,f IVb Risvr. .n,iui,i,.b ibus serves to reveal to ^ome extent tbe ^n... ral , baiaH..,,,- ,|.,. ,,„.,,. ,..,„. Lake, aiosoim.wbat various, ^ome ronsi>,in. of coarse. r-Misb .r,ov con^lon.erates, boNin^ pebbles of «rey and re-l iMsi-e a-.l red i.^.e; "nubuv.n^M. .nod..rately low .lip (N. ;;„.) ,vbile „tbers are barj «.ey tels.Kc an.i dioritie rocks assoeiate.l w„|, bard ^^reeni^b-.w .nd itMldishor purplislijaspoiv slates Willi a dip \ . s„. ~ " It i.alto.etber probable tbat tbe for, • a.e of ,be snne eastbe. ,< „,, ^;n«lon.erates of Lo„. and Ka.le L.kes, and like ,be la,u.r p-.^-innd^ly ?''" S.ur,an butthe.r,.elations to tbe e.y.taliin.. and siiiHoul roek" on '^ ' wlHcb tbey rest and fion, ubieb ,be,r n.a.erial b„s evidentiv be..,.' de- nved, would seen, to indicate tbat we bav be,-e anotbe,. oJdVr and un- ''"■'tonnable lo,.mation. From somewba, similar la,... observed else- wbce, as (or instance on ,be river Alle^n.asb at ( •bu.cbill Lake, we a,e .i.sposed to .•e..a,.d tbese latter as ei.ber Pan.b.o ,S,i„rian or possibly 've,. Cambrnm. It may, bowcve,: cventnallv tarn on. ,bai tbev .•e,.,-e .sent tbo ve,y lowest portion of tbe Siiu.ian sys.e.n. wbicb in sou.bern .Now Mrunsw.ck p>-c,cnts tbe sa.ne silicioas and vojeani,- .ba.acer bu, wlucb bas not been elsewbc^e obs..rv..,l in tbe ,norc nortberlv portions '.t tbat province. Tbe iele,-enee of tbe eon.^domcates to iC Silurian .•oee.ves some conHrmation from tbe fact tbat mi,l way b..,wcen Xadcau iV.iu.r.n,. and lo,ia-c Lake .•oaiw-g.x'y, -ritty limestones, similai- u, tbose of ''"'"■^""'"■ .^edgewiek Lake, a.v a^ain me, n!,!, ,„.i |i|,, ,|,„,„ ,.,„„,,;„ ,.,.,,,.^j^^^ ^^_. ;^<)ral.s, shells and cunoids. T dip l,e,-o is S. .-.,.■ K M^FnU,,,,- ,'f , '';^'"; -•': ;''« «*'•«"'» ^^ '-->"<'-'. "'■'■ ^laty ...cks wMcb a,.. ,.ubbly ■"Ml bilcd Witb conc-ctionary lay.-.-s, recallini^- tb.. beds seen a, tbc '^aste,-n extremity of Lou.,. Lake. No otber exposures a.r s.^en on this sti'cam as far as Porta-. Lnkc. Between tbe hoa.l 't Porta.,.. Lake and tbe .\r....>ionk JJivcr the •Itstance ,s ten ,nilcs. Neither on tbe lake no,, aior.o- this por.a.re have we had any .pportnnity of making. exten-L-.i examinatio.ws It would appear. .nvcv,.r, tbat about tbe fo,.mer tbe ......ks a.'c .bicHv. •■■appean, fbi min^^^ a porti.a, ot an extensive belt of such rock, which is a"K3." ^'"'' very conspicious about tbe uppe,. Alleguasb lakes (Cb.u.chill an.i Spider lakes) and about the head-waters of the Aroostook, tt in. ludes the somewhat p.on.inent chain of the A.-oostook mountain., an.i ,i,enco ex- lends eastwardly to and bey..nd Porta-e Lake on Fish I?iv,.,. BCvccn 44 m NOKTIIKHN NEW llRrNSWICK. ff'oSHJU oil this hiUo and tlic Aroostook ul Asliliind, tlic rocks uvo partly slates and partly conglonu-ralos which ai-o Letter seen in the valley of the first named stream hetwoon Ashland and l'resi|nilo. The strata to he first noticed occur in the village of Ashland. Just opposite the hotel, in this village, is a hnv ridge of limestone, which was ai one time (iinirried for hurning, hut is now mostly concealed by soil. Tiu'sc lied- were described to us as being almndantlv fbssili- ferous and there is little ., and S/)iritera, sj). The course of these beds is a little soutii of west, and in this direction thoy run towards the Aroostook Ifiver. not far from which, and at a distance of three-cpiai-tcrs of a mile from Ashland, the limestones again crop out .>n the farm of Mrs. Adams. From these beds the following fossils, of Lower Heiderberg ago, wore collected : — Stromatopora. Farosltrs Gothhmdiciis, Jiamarck. Polypora Psiicke f Hillings. Strophodnnta punrtulifera, ('onrau. Strojihovimi rhom/widalis, Wilckens. ^ft■risf(l (iri'iuita. Hall, (line specimens.) Murchiiioni(t, sj), Loxmema Fitvhi, Hall. Pldtyceras, sj). These limestones arc not expo.sed in the channel of the Aroostook, but not fur from where they should appear, the right Imnk of the river, thrce-(iuarters o| a mile above Ashland bridge, shows ledges of grey Piiuit remaiiij. and flaggy calcareous sandstones, tilled with what appear to be earboniztHl remains of plants. Their dip is VV.<8(»° The next rocks seen in descending the stream occur about a mile below the bridge and are a continuation of similar beds, better exposed at the Mill on the Big Machias. They aic griy slaty sandstones, so calcareous as almost to deserve tiie name of limestones ; associated with tliom are beddotl gi-oy and i)utr-weathering arenaceous slates, tlipping N.S0«'W.-^70'-'. Foriaili Iniiii Mrs. Ailiini'!' tarui. River. ULtV ± M' INNCS.] rtly slates and 'V of tlio first shliirul. Just estoiio, which concealed by (liuitly fbssili- kf rocks and 'V Iloldorberg Masardis, are lu; with groy lIm which arc mg tlic latter, 'tirularis, L. ; Jypricardinla : this diiection iiich, and at a estones again iho following AROOSTOOK roiMY, MAINK. 4:. M e Aroostook, of the river, dgcs of grey |ipoar to he ! next rocks bridge and ill on the Big as almost t<> bedded grov About one nnic au.l a half further down, the >horo >h..w. iod-a- of,. , , red, green and grey slates, forming a low arch, with iMJip X 'iO^^W "'''•""'"" s.nkingfn.m .J;V' .0 :30-. Similar roeks Lu'ludin.- there hods uf grey' calcareous conglomerate cross the Ashlan.i road not far from the village' 10 these, at a .iistance of a quarter ot a nule. su,.eced hanl grey sand- stones, ,lip,,i„g |.;,,,Jo-, which, with bluish weathering slates, continue to occur at intervals, as far as a point about llfrce miles above IJeaver l5rook. The only fossils ob.serv...! in them were .•rinoids, contained in soft rusty and gritty beds, much like those in Ashland, iralf.. milebelow the last exposure ,.f these sandstones the next meks are Ibund t,. be . q-i.te d.flerent in character, being very coarse eon^lomera.e^ liHed -^^^m",,,,. with large and w,.||-roumled pebbles of melamorphie rocks, ineludin.- red syenite, grey .iuart/,ilc, iH.rphyry and amvi^-.laloid, as well as -reen and black siliei.uis slates an.l jasper. The beds .are ma.ssive and as indicated by liurr layei;s, dip .piiK- rca-ularly .•>: ,sn K r^{)^- rpi^^..^, .'onglomcrates constitute a very striking feature i„ .he gj. y „r "orthcrn .Maine, being exposed at various points b„tb northwest'and south-cast of the Aroostook IJiver, while larg.. buulders .lerive.i (here from are thickly strewed over the adj.aeent counti ■^ . ( )„ the road from Ashland to (-astle Jlill, and fnur miles from the former, where they [orm somewhat proniineni ridges, ,hey ,„ay be seem to be overlaid by the grey sandstones and grits, now dipping N.-.20". ami tbrmin-r -i portion of a low fold. "^ ' On the Aroobiook also, the next succecMiing I.ed.s, about half ; 1 mile. Sir 11 nil. r^ - t ....11 .1 illl llj .Stniltl bolow the last exposures of t he conglomerates, are sandstones, but here tu?l\", (heir dip is ata still lower angle, being only f." or 10° in a S.S.H. ,liree-;:;„V7r»"- tion In the Maine ge<.h.gi,al reports both the eonglomerates and ^''''•'■'^''■' ' samisfones arc represented as being p<.rtions of long belts of such rocks crossing (ho stale, and regarded as of Oriskany or Devonian a-c ]5„(h (he ..haracfer of the rocks, however, and their organic remains would seem to in.i.calc that their true position is very mmh lower and that ti.ey aro (he probable c,,uivalents of the I'.iinie aux Trembles and luladi rocks of I he Temiscouala seel ion, or of those oftheSebMs Ifivcr described above. The ..andstom.s possess the same ve.scicularoramy... ids. These are still more ccnspicuous- Ij seen in the slaty mcks which then succeed and horder the river for the greater part of the distance to Salmon lirook in Washl.urne. These slates are mostly dark hluish grey, hut often have a pale greenish cast, which is heightened hy weathering. They include thin layers of grey sandstone, and in places also thin layers of dark-blue compact lime- stone. These are especially noticeable as presenting precisely the same peculiarity as that already noted in the case of tiie limestones on the Siegas in New Brunswick, viz., that of their being transversely broken into distinct and separate blocks, as if by a series of vibrations, and leave little doubt that they are a continuation of the same beds. The green and I'cd slates are similarly an" extension of those noted on the south side of Grand Jtiver. X.B. For much of the distance the folds are so broad and low as to be almost flat, but at times there is an abrupt transition from these to plications of a much steeper and more complicated character. Xeai- the Salmon Brook the slates contain, as first noticed by I))-. Chns. T. Jackson, beds of slaty hematite, another feature in wbicii tiiey rcsi'mble those of Grand River, as well as tho.se of Jacksontown. near Woodstock. It is highly probable that, with the latter, they are tlie representatives of the ("linton group of the New York system. .15etween the mouth of Salmon Brook in Washburne and the town of Presquiie, the banks of the Aroostook, which here flows south-easterly, are mostly occupied by intervales, the ordy exposure seen being of syenilic rock, und„ibtedly intrusive. Betwoen Presquiie and the con- tluenco of the Aroostook with the St. .lohn, in which dista-jco the stream does little more than double back upon itself, the exposures are also very few, except in the last four or five miles, whore, as fully describeil in former reports, they consist of highly disturbed calcareous slates, intersected by numerous dykes of trap. On the south of Pres- Voiwnic rooks q'"'*^"- ^'^^^^'°\'*^'"> '^'"»^' the Houlton and other roads leading in that direction, beds are soon met with, which indicate that the .silicious and volcanic rock.s, already .lescribcd,. to the northward of the Aroostook Slaty hematite. Intrusive syenite. '•■ iiih Sil.LBIAN SYSTEM. 47 M ok, both the mile or two, itioii of dip ;cnspicuouH- he river for rne. These •eenish cast, vers of grey mpact lime- I'ccisely the mestones on ransverseiy PvihrationH, I same beds. those noted listance the there is an r and more contain, as ite, another ell as those It, with the >f the New the town of th-oasterly, n being of nd the con- sta?!ce the posures are re, as fully calcareous I'h of Pres- iig in that licious and Aroostook Valley, here come again to fhp «„,.<•.„.« j • . or .he .Silurian tract T.ev ' '^ '*^'"'" '''■'-^^*'^ ^'^'-^ ^''"''""i^v through .Uaple.on where Z. T T" '''°"^' *^^' ''"^^ '«''ding nna conglolrate. wh;:;;':' CS'l ,'f ^ f"'^"^ -ci sandston^ teare... age, and which res. nnconfornnib u'n .h' t. •'"" V"'-''«"if^"-"^ these la,ter succeeded, /bur .£!iZ^>X^^';;:^. t'''' ''• "" grey sandstones, which are morp ,... i '^''''"'«' ^"^f h' -^ series of better .seen in the villaU of Sn! ^^ '°'''"''"' ''■^"'' ^^••''^'' ="•« >-ocks, which are bo ^^ 15 "^"7^ ?' ^''^ '•>• »-y ochre-u. ing exhibition, how ^ of U "t r^'f ''"'''• ''^'^ "^'^^ ^*-'<- twelve miles from Pre nuile in ! "' .''"''^^ ''^ that to be .een, ""-'-^Mt.. Haysta..k Moun.ain. tZ ;'J:,r """"" '"''''' '^ '^--" - the one side almost ,.reci nitoul' .1 "'• ''"'"''^ ^^•^''"P"^' ""^ '-^" constituting a very consnH ,' T ' ^7'"l-''^tively flat country, and or a pale Hve^g.^^:;;^;:::: -i^^'-^.^i^^^^i^ssenti porphyritic; but around its base are he.vv .1,' u-'! "^"'' ''' 1*-^- '■^'-«• alternate with .oarse aniyo-dalo dal .nd "l n "' 7^''^' '^''' '^'''^''' ing considerable quantities of h In . " '' '■"''^''' '" 1*'=^'^'«^ •^'""'T- mountain there are T::;^.:^:::^i::::^^rT'- , '■'^^ '"• ^'-^'^ '^^ Hiates, but we have ha., no onnort . ^ "'^ "'"^ tine-gralned flinty or Of t^rther investi^t" ^Z^^S: i:;;;;:!"^"^ ^'^^ -'-ion!; <^^.m...... ,^..^. ^.,.^^,,,„^ ^^^, .....,^,,,,. ^,, lirunswick and Quebec. In the several Kepoi'ts of Pro-a-ess for H,o ,. !-- both ofresemblance td ::r^r^^^^^^^^ -ny interesting points, in the earlier pa<.es of the ore . n , " ""^ *'"•' '■"•^'^" described comparison o^f C Z^oInTTtT'' " ''" '""" ^'"""'^^ ^'"^' =' l^'-^' thereby sugge,s,odm"Ki; ,'1 1 "T". " '""'' "^ ^'^^^ eondusi.ns a further interest iril'""/: T''"", " '"^>' ''' ^''^^ ^J^^ Prof. N. S. Shaler, n ad in 1884 o ' T^u- 'j ''^' '^^-"•->"-- '.fCot«^.;"' theological Survey, in ad out it T ."' ''"' ^'""'^^'^ ■^''^'- ^'^°'^- and published in he ri; .f "-amaquoddy and ...obscook Bay,,. Journal of Science, J Iv Z liu^T' """"' '" '''' ''^'''''- occ^on to re.r .!> .m; l.^ r his- ^ ISr:;-'''''' "^^ " -^•->...oteness.f:h:t^;X--- 48 m NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. Typical )ocalitie^. Comparative table of Silurian strata studied, and which nmy hence be j-egurded as typical. These are th& shore of Maseareen j)eninsula, formin- a portion of tiie eastern side of Passamaquoddy ]}ay, in Charlotte county, and the southern part of Queen's county. The sequence of strata in each of these, an.l their parallelism, as explained in the reports referred to ahove. is given ia the following comparative table: — Sequence of Silurian Strata in Southern Neir Brunmick. II.— SouTiiKJix i^iEE.N's County. ^'v. Ft. I. Grev and dark irrey slates... 400 II. Dark frrey and black ailicioiis clay slates, distinctly band- ed '. (30O HI- Dark grey and greenish grey (sometimes pnr},li>ii) sand- stones, becoming slaty iibove tioo IV. Asb grey and irrei^nisb grey schistose bods, dioritie ami amygdaloidal 80O V. Groy and dark grey, some- times reddisil, porpliyritic telsites, with chlorite sdiist and brecria conglomerate. Thickness SOO feet or more. Since the publication of the reports upon which these tables are based, much more numerous collections of fossils from certain of the strata have been made, both in New Brunswick and Maine As a list of those found in New Brunswick has not yet ajipeared in the reports of the survey it may appropriately be given here. For the Maine lists re.crence must be made to the preliminary IJeport of Prof. Shaler cited above. ' The following fossils have been obtained from Back Bay, inChai-lotte county, in beds sup})08ed to be those of J)ivision I. The list is based upon collections made j)artly by Mr. T. C. Weston in 1S69. and partly upon others ma.ie subsequently (1884) by L. W. and .1 W Bailev (i P. 3Iatthew and others. " ' I.— M \scARBEN Peninsula. I>iv. Ft. I. Grey feispathic slates, about.. 400 n. Grey and black banded sili- cious slates, with nodular layer« 620 ni. Grey flaggy sandstones, witli some eoiiglomerato. Shells of Limjula, Modiolop.'eis and Loxonana ? with comminu- ted vegetable matter 350 Red and green slates and * sandstones, with diorltes and felsites .-joq Dark grey and reddisb por- pliyritic felsites 300? I\ Back Bay foseils. List of Fossils from Back Bay, Charlotte Comt,/, K.B. Heliolites, sp. indt. # Obolus Davidsoni ? Salter. Orthis hybrida, Sowerby. Orthis uteris, Billings. BARtY 1 MCINNE8,'] UST OP FOSSILS FROM BACK BAY. 49 m Orthis, sp. indt. Streptorlajnch -s subplanum, Conrad ^irophodonta indentata ? Conrad Strophodonta punctuUfera, Coqrad ^eptaena iransvtrsalis, Dalman '^^"''/'''•« «-%a, llisingor. 'S>i>//era ra^^i'afa, Sowerby Atrypa reticularis, L E>ujinwus punctatus, WahJenberg ^almanites limulurus, (Jroon. In Pal. Fossils "Vol Ifl P opinion that the 'li-icJc -R-,^ i ^^^^'^^' ^''- '^^'t'iteavcs cxni^esses II,.. a r t> . Ihe foasils collected by Prof' Sh'.!. Head and other points about C b'ol b^ ^-'-^/'om ShacIdbrdssHacro.,. fo^sihierous chaiacte,', Mere des... ,1 !f • ?' '"^""^ «* which, with their ^'^'^ ^-^"«- \^V1*. Fron. the li.t's ^^^ en i ' ;' '''' ^^^^^' ^™-k report S pete, the horizonn repre.'tVd';^'' 'r^^'^^' ^^ ^^^^ed to be ina.^ Hdderberg g.oup, ,/,,,„ ' '^^^^/PP-'- to include the Lower southein New Brunswick th/f ^^""'^ ""'^ Clinton, while in -toi,3-ab.ent. A^i^ ^^z^:!::' rv^ tone.-.,,;};:: tion with the Silurian «vstom of .? ^ ''^ """^^ "'tere«t incom.e?-.. l-^> byMr. G. F. mXT o T'^'' ""'^ I^-nswick is the^S?F^^^f banded shales, referred to L'iv H !, "T" m '' P^^^^P'^ian fishei, hi -ni;" '^-'^ Nerepis Hills in King'^ Countv rr \^^'''^''^^ section, near"" he Oct. 188(1, and AmeHcan Jou n* S ?"'" f ^^S^'^"-". ^ol. ]J., No. 4 regarded by Mr. Matthew arbinf^'f"'"- ^'^ ^^''-bearing beds^ait and probably of about the sl^ at a 'tf ''"' f '' ^'" ^^^ ^ ^^"^^0- ^^•or. ClaypoJe. '""' '^'^ ^« ^bose holding the Palaeaspis of Quebec and Maine, it will appelr that n r •''''"' P™"^"'^^' ^'^^^ 'n fe^/riC noi- along the south shore of the St T . '" '^' ^'"'^^ P^^^'-'^^la ^-'^-n!!!. either in litholo deal featmes or ,"•/''''''' ^'^^^^^"g^bich ^o Divisions I. and II. Tth ' 'r^^^^^l ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^il-P2ii5P!to be fou„d in' n • '"'"^*' ^^'^°"g'^ ^"ch 50 u NORTHERN NEW BRDNSWICK. Contact motamorp'ii Intrusive ■quartz liorphyry. Ape ef Division III, Age of Black fliid Burnt Point rocks. oeen doscubed as rising from benoatli the Silurian rocivs on the Alie- |uash un,l Rsh rivers, as well as south of Pres,uile, but hes a e nt t finc^gramed and more nearly resemble some of tl e beds wh oh u on the Boccagu.mic River in Carleton county YB hZTh , ' 1 contain a Cambro-Silurian fauna IttZfL V' '" ^''""^ ^"^ in northern Maine, as in souZ. ^J^ B^l" t.^ "^^"'^ '''' ciaUon with undoubted SiluHan ro.,:J^:^:t^ZX';ZrZ portion of the same system, altered by contact metamo n i ni "^ The -most nottceablo of these are tine-grained micaceous and g„ s"c sand tions of lork county. (See Geol. Survey Reports, 1871, '1882I ' Jn these latter instances the alteration is evidently connec^d with ITnT?^ ?''"T ""^^^ «^ -trusivegranite ; an'd so, ^nn;; ^ Maine, not far fro,,, the micaceous and gneissic strata are found evten- sive tracts of what is also evidently intru.ve rock, he -o cons^ti„^ however, chiefly of a rather fine white-weathering uar z-por X;? arn^ daloidal. loo little, however, is known of the relations of *hese bee. to ..able us at present to speak with any confidence as to ^^Z Division III of southern New Brunswick, as indicated by its or^-inic remains, may be regarded as the equivalent of the Niagarfbi^f; 0, Their equivalents ,„ the north would evidently seem to be found in tLe ocks of PointeauxTrembles and the Tuladi River on Lake Temiscou ata, the very similar beds of the Sie-as River \^,nv P.. " "''^ ,"^^°"; those of the Aroostook Valley, in ^^in: ^2;^Zr:^^ both in the.r hthological characters and in their oontabed fossr n accordance with this view, the underlying conglomerates of Bu «; and Black Points, together with the shales whidi immcdiateh uco d them, may no nnpi-obably be regarded as representing the Sneida Medina and Clinton groups. ^ ^neiaa, BAlLEV « MCINNES.] Sir^UHIAN STRATA. Brunswick a.o,:nraH::;Wot *:;';:::" ^^^^-" - southcn New., or sem,.yolcanic material wLch thov ""r. """ ^'^"'^t^' of vol JniTr'Si„ quue notieoablo in Division ntuj^^^^^^^^^ such ,natoriaI 1, i'!"^- ''■""" ^'- ^hich appear to indicate oxten.ivonhv-^^''^"'^' ''elow them and ^ng, and perhaps determinin IZ ^ '»«^ements as accommnv ™mbo„ Of ,„„ .,.,.„„ ^^ »f - t . ov. .„, ,„„ ,„^^,_ ,^^ J^^ft '■"once ,vl,ich, „v„. vo,;t. „*:"!" """r"" "><"•"«< t"^Z K* Bivo,. late, a^f'-^ ^ --"'.a. ,i,„„a.. ted., f^r' , t tarn, ,n Carleton .county, N.B " stllM f '"'' "'^* «^' ^'--^<^ -Cn -nsiMcuouslydevoloped'lbout Ue'Cch "■' " ''" ^'•"^'-- '-^^ - the equivalents of Division V. ^ ^'""""'•' ^« '""J likewise have J-he following table h-o^ nr. ^ivs. I. and U— f. (toll,, i»a;;,j:„?2;';r„rarv"'f" "»•«»• '»=i">'in8 Senuenoo of •'"liinan strata. ■l '3. 52 M NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. Sequence of Silurian f trala. county, N.B. Supposed to be equivalent to tlio .Aledina and Clin- ton groups of New York, Divs. 2 and 3 of Anticosti group, or groups a and B' of Arisaig. Division I II.[A.-Giey tlaggyjand matsivesandstones, with some conglo- merate, becoming frequently greenish or purplish, and more or less aniygdaloidal. Fossils rather numerous, including corals and stiolls, as well as worm-tracks and comminuted remains of plants. Sandstones and conglomerates of I'ointe aux Trembles, Tuladi and Squatook Rivers, Quebec ; similar bedsofSiegas River, New iirunswick ; sandstones and conglomerates of Aroostook county, Me. ; similar beds of Beccaguimic River and other parts of Carleton county, N.B. Niagara formation, or Wenlock group. B.-Lower sandstone^, shales and limestones of the Gas^ peninsula. Similar sandstones and limestones of the liead waters of the thatte and Matane rivers, Metapedia Lake, Jletis and Rimounki rivers, and lower part of Mount Wissick. Fossils numerous, marine. Supposed to be equivalent to the Guelpii formation of Ontario, A^ivs. i V. and V.-Red and green shales of Cape Gaspe ; red and green slates and sandstones of Mount Wi.sick ; [similar slates on Fish Kiver (Eagle Lake) and Aroostook River, Maine ; red and green Slates of Grand River and Carleton county, N.B. ; often including argillaceous iron ores. ? Felsites and associated trappean rocks of Campbellton and Bay Chaleur, Moose Mountain, New rfrunswick. Haystack and Spider Lake, Maine. Divieion VL-Grey, often nodular or columnar limestones, abounding in fossils. ^ T4,per limestones of Cape Gaspe; middle and upper rocks of Mount \\ issick, regarded as equivalents of the lower portion of the Lowbr Helderberg. Foseiliferous limestones of Square Lake end Ashland, Me.- Lower Helderberg. Fossiliferous limestones of Carleton county, N.B. Fossiliferous slates and sandstones of Metapedia River Resti- gouche, Victoria, Madawaska and Carleton counties, N.B. Similar slates, etc., of Aroostook county, Me. Lower Helderberg ? i \ i