IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
/.
/
(<
1.0
1.1
11.25
■ 10 ^^^
l£
K£
u
y£
i£
1.4
11.6
P^
p%
'eport or
different plants which I shall 3 to as Sn n. *'^''''"'' "P«^'i'n«n« to illustrate the
showing the workof the different cUr^-nf"^ •'''?"' *'.<'"^^^^ also specimens
mittee would li!.o ,o see thZ2LtT^lZVj:^^'l^^!^ «»«««»«. I thought Kecom-
anu nay graHse. at the Central exr erimen al fkrm " tk ■ ^'^'* '^^^''^ ^« P"«tVre
food for catti- , need merely be menlioim^ nn uL ^- ^ T^^ "nporianco of hay and all
festednow-a-diys in dairying SSn"f''^°"^"^*'r^*'«F^^ i"t«' est which i.maS
fare ofthe country at large I Cewhff^^^^^^
have been ^.-owiJ^ andftudvVnTaTthereitn.r'"'"^''^™''?
?h/w- r"'. •'"^ °^^hichVe^ have now p?Lv'?o^^^ '^'•'" ^^' *»>« ?««* "ve
the winter, in addressing farmers' meetTnJL 1^ complete information. Durinir
Home of these grasses, and lalsohadthe pToaHme'ofi^^^ «*" «P«aJ*ing S?
committee m their own constituencicH.^ AS^^J^'/V^
ing you samples of the grasses of wh nh ihu„ "/ «°^ opportunity for show-
mittee. This reason has been n^.tculaSvf^^^^^^ f^«». "P^kcnV before^ this o^m
and now is also a very oonvenienrnnr.L T'^'l.*'''' ^'''' ^•'« '^^^^'^^
obtained in the cultivatfon of thrvattta''^^ ''^^•'J"^ the^success ^hr,"'
known here and in Europe ; but manv of t h«m ». ^ ""^^- ^°™«' ^^ «o«rHe, are well
the native grasses we hone to hav« i^/ln .*'* "°' ""*''«« «^ Canada. The best of
will supplv*fhe seed to?a.?Se,^ asalreadv tSe?f ,"' "h^ ^''*'!."' "^""^ ^y seedsmen who
purchase/. I will speak of Z'me ctt firsT The n'^ril f??""?! which cannoTbe
ln?u' °^ «'"*"* importance. It is Lucerne and ^ ^« n I ''"'' ^- '"^^^ '" '"J' »»and is, I
10 the western states, where it is calirAlfalfa 7'',,^"°'^" '» »he old ciantry aid
have been KrowfnV i{y8?x'°y3'''olro^'m^'*° '^®** "^^l P'*°*«d >««t spring. We
Buccoed in the extern townS. It was ratr'^r^'^'^/^^^^ t»»at it f d n^^
was due to the fact, I think that th« 1^.. ^ ^®' * disappointment there Thk
water comes near the aSce'o? th?s• »»[oT«J
♦n ,.s««n for Alfklfa h»v is poor. It in frequently cut and fed green, but if cut at
tV®Xmaktex?enenna>. I wouId\lke tJdj;aw the uttentjm of t^^^^^^^^^
mitteo to theTdiffei-ence between Mammoth red clover and the ordinary June red clover.
ThiHBDecimenofJune clover which I have here in flower ia very forwainl, as thU
hMb^Srw early He««on. You eee it ia In flower and very much in advance of
thTaothertwhTchiH Lmmoth red.and will not be in flower for ten day«. F'^™ tJ^J
wo lea?n the fact that itdoea not do to mix the M«™7,^J red clover wuh^t^^^^^^
graaa which in ready to cut two weeks sooner, or at the same time as the June i-ett
clover.
By Mr. O'Brien :
I have tried this Alfalfa twice In different years and not a single plant lived ?
-A bid vou tret a good catch ? Did the seed germinate well ?
Q Ye^s ?-A. I am glad to get this information. So little of this valuable plant
has Sen grown in CanaSa hitherto that it may as yet be reprdod as exp^mental.
Personally, I may say that I have had far greater success than I anticipated.
q! oJe of my neighbours, however, lias grown it for many years ?-A. Is that
°'' ""S" uTs"high land, and he has succeeded very well with it ?--A. Our experience
here has cirtaiSry been such as to induce me to recommend it for trial eve'-ywhei-e^
except on wetland. On Mr. Groenshields's farm (n the «-ft?,^" t°^"fJ'PJ' ^Jf ^Jj
a finJ catch last year, but this spring it was al winter killed. I think that was
JooHUse the water wiU near the surface of the soil or the land was springy.
By Mr. Qirouard (Two Mountains) :
O Could that be grown in the province of Quebec, where the climate is cold?
— A. i have had one or two satisiactorv reporte from the province of Quebec.
O From the district of Montreal ?— A. Yes. . , .. , j _
Q ind it has sncceeded ?-A. In the district of St. Hyacintbo it has done v^ry
well and in some parts of the eastern townships. Prom what I have said about
The differeiceTth? time of flowering of red June *°d Mammoth clovers it is p ajn
that for mixing with June clover. Orchard grass is preferable to Timothy, and that
the clover to mix with Timothy most satisfactorily is Mammoth red.
By Mr. McMillan :
Q. Does the Alfalfa impoverish the land ?-A. No. If it is grown Baccessively
for tSee or four years »nd then turned under, it will probably emich the land as
much as any other clover.
By Mr. Semple:
Q. Does the stock seem to like it?— A. Very much indeed.
ByMr.Cargill:
O If it is sown alone when would you out it, the firstyear ?-A. Yes you would
net a Bood crop. Ours was not sown early in the spring, and we cut in the autumn.
Ke WM a hSkvy crop, but I do not remember the amount. The second year we
out two heavy crops.
By Mr. Carpenter :
q. It is intended for green food ?— A. Yes, in England it is largely grown and
used almost entirely Ibr soiling. „uk ♦!.« «»i.«n9 A Thu
Q How does the hay from the June clover compare with the other?— A. Ihe
Mammoth is rather hard to cure, but makes excellent hay with care. ,. ,.
Mammom 18 « ^^^^^^^ .^ .^ not ?-A, Yes, but I think one is as good aa the other
as far as feeding value is concerned.
not be allowed
1, but if cut at
in of the oom*
line rod clover,
rward, as this
in advance of
ITS. Pi-om this
:h the Orchard
s the Jane i-ed
;le plant lived ?
valuable plant
ex])erimental.
cipated.
8?— A. Is that
Our experience
nl everywhere,
ihips, they had
hink that was
ringy.
slimate is cold ?
Quebec.
t has done veiy
lave said about
)vor8, it is plain
nothy, and that
ivn successively
ioh the land as
, Yes, you would
it in the autumn,
second year we
irgely grown and
other?— A. The
e.
{ood as the other
iQn
BOTAHT AKD WT0M0LO0T,-,ae1| AMD OARDIM.
By Mr. Pridham :
AL ^•.,^"' ^''® ^'"'n'noth "rowtwooronH?_A v»- ♦!. xr
the ordinary June "ht^r ^herlin T^ulru ■' *''*' Mammoth InstH loniror than
third year than of the common Red iT S^'n,**"''"*'' T^ "^ ^'•""noth ciSvor th!
The ^e«l Ho^rer i« blenniTlbStlSeio «.o aTrvHTf'^ P!'"""'*' '''"" »»•« «th« '
second year either from neLln f».»fl?!H . *^" * '"^ P'""^" come up after the
or<.p ke Mammoth is c^L a perem,?^^ S^iZi^ul "''^"' """•^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^Ty^lr'l
I will now exhibit a plant wS 11 hl^ ^"'i'* " '.'""" P««-on„l«l.
therefore, one muHt be eyeful irdeuir/wUh S'^r^ «'"' ^^ich.
Waffneri),ov Wagner's Wood Pea It^l n 71i- \ ^^ C^'^thi/rua aitvestm, var
and 8advortiHedas„neofthebeH^cropHi^heTuv;^f:^'''^ ^'T'r "^ ^^"^e.
I thinJt from what I have «een of it Xt t nlmT^-? * '^'"''*'" '"''''^^ ««" »>« Kf^wn
ment d« mn <^^r:^!^'X^r::j'?^:^^^ ^rr'^^ »-.• ^-e b.-oug,.ea
d.tion to cut now, and it ^ho^l.^be cut Ztl t ! fl -^ "" "''*' '^ '" '"*» '" "'e con-
flower.. There Ih a very great diver "i I of J'i ^^"^""'H^' **'• «^'«" «* "^t'o before it
gra>s. I .hink it in chieflyll,^ to Je ft a uLt' t 'iTf "^'"'^f^e value of Orchard
time. Tho grass ns a Hoilh,^ croo in ovh-nmniV ^'fl^ently not cut at th« right
expanded it mnkcH very di/hav and \t\^r^uL-''T^''''- ^''*«'' '^'^ fl««^«'-'^ hSve
hay. While mont .^naHseH^oniin 45 plr cen? o^^^ "*' -'"f •"^' ^«'>' "^"'^7
lo«e8 nearly 10 per cent more. But it muH^t be r«ml '!^ T^^\ ' ^"'«'-' ^^ia
upon which, above ull otherH Irish him ««,l„"?*''''''^ ^^'''*' t»'..- . the grass
endurance in the world, arrch'iefly fed Ofcl l^P/T*^ '"^ ^u'^'' ^''' *>«'««^ for
well with us, but our oxporionoo o^f it „i t he Cen r„ f^^'^' f'"""' ^^"' ''' ^'^'^"'J do
have had large quantities of fffK^I il L a^I I*'"™ ''"*' ^^'«" «ttlisfactory. We
for its weight. ^ * ^"^^^ *"*'"' ""'^ good hay, but the hay is ver/ bulky
^i/ ilfr. 0'5r«en ;
and h^; JandTh^^^uleV^SLTtt. '^"' "'''" '' '' '''' *- '^'^ ^^ becomes dry
5y Jfr. McMitlan :
••••.« nrrcti, laio m ino BeuHoo there ara nmiill hn^^Ac <•". 1_'".'-^ "i"vii, um entirely
these all bear seed, and it is to ti'Le I thrnk tS .h ""' ""^'"'^ ."'"^ "°^ ""^'««d. but
are .elf sown in the autumn! X exni,. „ "nts hni '"T*'^ '" ^"*'' '^^^'^ «««d8
with this grass sown in the spring 'wetH«5'«nr"'' ^^''^ '?'^«" ^"^^ ''«»' '•««»'*«
ent grass seeds in the sprinS Lutumn inH fu f ^P*''""""^ in growing differ.
spiing and autumn, and though most grasses do better when
M
lit
<«
6
MB. JAM18 rLROHIIB.
sown in npi Iriff, one or two vaiiotioB do very much botior when sown in the aatumn.
Here iH uii instance: Thlt» in the Meudow Foxtail, a graiw that maken a very rich,
•oft, flno hny, and ia very early, as you see. It baa rather a auperttolal roaemblanoe
in Timolhy, but when you examine it closely you And it different, and very much
eurlior. I think tho Meadow Foxtail very valuable for ita hay, on account of iu
eurlineaH. It ia ready to cut now, and if grown alone givea a heavy crop after the
flrBt year, or when mixed with June clover makon a very valuable mixture. In
ohooHing hay grusweB (,r mixture* for various purpoHea, you have to consider chiefly
the time thf^ flower, becaune u gniHH Im at its best just at the time it la in flower.
You know the old wiying, " Between the two flowern of Timothy Ih the time to cut."
When the flrst flowern open, tho anthera are purple, and later on when they have
ahed their pollen they are white, and afterwards they turn brown. The head of
Timothy ct)nsiotM of a great mnny flowers, and from the time the fli*st flowers open
it takes about three or four days before tho laat flowers expand their anthers ; by
this time, the first extruded authors have turned brown, and there is tho appearance
of having been two periods of flowering; but really there ia only one flowering for
each flower. Tho beginning of June is a time when wo sometimes want good fodder,
when tho siloa aie, as a rule, about empty. Meadow Foxtail has u peculiar value
then for its earliness.
By Mr. Rootm :
Q. Is it a good feed ?— A. Excellent. It is grown in some partaof Nova Scotia
under the name of French Timothy. ,
By Mr. Pope :
Q. Would it grow with Orchai-d grass?— A. Yes. They could bo mixed very
well, this sample is a little earlier than the Orchard grass I have exhibited; but they
have about the same season. Another very early grass is tho Tall Oat ^rass.
I am not prepared to recommend it specially, except for the weight it would intro-
duce. It has a peculiar bitter flavour, but cattle like a small quantity in mixtures.
By Mr. McMillan:
Q. Does it grow well on dry soil ?— A. Not so well as some other grasses.
By Mr. Carpenter :
Q. Is that called wild oats?— A. No. That is quite a different grass. This is
a perennial. Iloie is another of tho Fox-Tuil grasses, (Alopecurus agreatis), but this is
au annual. This haraple was sown last September and it may have a peculiar value
from this fact. If you want to use a piece of land or clean it up, you can sow this
grass in September, and by the following June you can cut it and have the land
ready for corn. That is the annual Fox-Tail. I would »sk you to observe what a
particularly succulent and soft grass it is, but it is not highly valued beouuso it is an
annual.
By Mr. O'Brien:
Q. Are notall the Fox-Tails annuals?— A. No. Some, the Meadow Fox-Tail, for in-
stance, is a perennial. In fact it does not get to its full strength to produce until tbe
second or third year.
By Mr. Pope :
Q. Can you sow it in the spring?— A. Yes. This next grass is one which I
have already brought before the attention of the committee on a previous occasion,
and it is one which I think cannot be brought to public attention too frequently, on
account of its great importance. Of all the different imported grasses brought
into America, I do not t'.iink there is one which can compare with it in value. It is the
AWuiees x.romo grass, or ii.usirianisi'uiucgiasB [^^rviitxis mcrmtoj. xu wm ^fu^rr --t^-i
an enorraorus area, and is especially well adapted for the North-west. I have dis-
tributed it to correspondents all over Cftnada, and uniformly satislaotory reports
have been received ft«m all who have tried it. It has one great disadvantage, viz:
a habit of growth like quack grass. I am recommending it particularly for tbe
n the aatumn.
)H a vui-y i-iob,
\\ I'oaem bianco
nd very much
account of iu
crop after the
I mixture. In
onaider chiefly
t ia in flower,
e time to cut."
hen they have
The head of
t floweni open
ir antherH ; by
AiO appearunoe
flowering for
jt good fodder,
peculiar value
of Nova Scotia
bo mixed very
>ited; but they
?ull Oat ^rnss.
it would intro-
mixturea.
ty in
t' grasses.
. grasH. This is
stis), but thia is
peculiar value
can sow this
have the land
observe what a
beouuae it is an
Fox-Tail, for in-
•odace until tbe
is one which I
vioua occa^iion,
) frequently, on
grasses brought
value, it ia the
f TTltl ^ATTTT -^^Vi.
Bt. I have di»-
taotory reports
(advantage, viz:
icularly for the
18d4
BOfAmr AVD IK10IIOLOOT,-.rAftM Airo aAKDUr.
North-west in those distriota where diffloulty ha« been Mn..i«n«-^ s
grass to g.w. Profbssor Robertson vdm hJa iJJt returnSZTf i° *'» '"? '?<^
me that on the 26th of May. this name JroMH wm 25 to 2R^„^ f I" k*° ri!""*^' *•''•
Many of such porliona of land cannot bo cleaned iin v«7„ L n ""y^^''^ «'•«.
have a grasa hlco this, coming up year after ^ear uVu7 "" '"' "T' ^"' ''^ J'""
in the more thickly populat«5 pSrCa of the oountr; "'' " "'^'•' ^'*"' «^«°
By Mr. Hughes :
Q. How would it do on thin soil, over rooks ?-A. Not very well.
By Mr. Cartfill :
By Mr. Boome :
fine s^ili^g cro7'' ^^'^ P-taret-A. It is rather coarae for pasture, but makes .
By Mr. Wilson :
By Mr. Hughes :
bothJn»hti;^iq^^ Imeant
l^lJ'JniI,X1L^lte':::^^^^^ Well,some other
amallgra88,ha9KreuU,utrXefak,« Ch'' ^7 Jou better. Thia, although a
On ricl. aoii at th^'eTrittrp l^ed^JZ^ it doe« o,,,^.. «
heavy on aoila which are rich It Th knniyj H- ! ^^h ^^ '" pa'ticularly
gras/ or Canada Blue grass (Poa compreZ^ An« T^u""^ '\^ '*'""*'*^ "« ^iri
connection with ffraaaea is Hmt -n lon^^K ^^-^ "® ^l^^^ unfortunate things in
nection I might ^ent on an nddent whiSron^i^^'n"' ^1^^''^ "«""««• ^^ '^'^^^n.
paid to the eastern tornXr I J^arfaken J^ Lk °?M''\^ "«^? " ^'«'* ^»>'°»»I
mended thia grass to be -rown onrheii .ook^nl^ "' E.chmond because I recom-
no grass to be compaieTl wi?h t aV . ^ J^*"?"®"- V"^**'"®** '^em there wa.
merfhad compla?nXhat t^ min h^ oome 'i? thJ'" "^[^ '^f. ^""^ °^ '^' *«
to grow Wirctfraaa which dowTth«.^ 5- ♦ the '^ay from Ottawa to tell then
unSeratanding^aroae from the fLt that th"«J:T''^l^. T ^C'^''^ ^»'"«- This mi«
totally different from tho^ne which I hold i„ m^vT„7^'f t^YA^^l ^"'^ «•*•"» ^
to them In fact their W.regTa^ls Quick g^^i^s""^ ""^ ''^'"^ ^ ""^ recommend,^
VjJ. What 18 the official name of Wire trrAHH? A d^.. -
cut. *^ "'""ing new green leaves all through the season, if fed off or
MB. JA1M8 runOBIM.
Q. Would Oi-chard ffr>M do on thin ■oil 7— A. No; it like* rich mU better. Do
yon rofor to thtwo rocky lodgot around Lindsay T
Q. No. LindMiy htw as good a loil iw you can And in Canada. 1 referred
topurtit of North Victoria?— A. Whore they raue the best nhoep in the world.
Bj/ Mr. O'Brien :
Q. White clover and this poa eompretta make a splendid mixtureT-— A. The
best poNMiblo for upland paHluros.
This irraHH I now hnve in my hand is the Hard Fescue, and thiH tliu Sheep's
Pe««io. The llnrd FcHCiie is of rather larger growth than the other. Both ore vorv
rich grasHos Imt arc only suitublo over thin lands, on rock or on Handy soil ; with
exception of the Wire graHH they are porhapn the best grasses which can bo grown
in such places.
J?y Mr. Feathertton :
Q. DocH Sheep Fescue ripen rapidly ?— A. This will be ripe Inabout a fortnight
from now, which in ton dayH earlier than in ordinary seaHonH. The food is in the
JeaveH. The nliecp will pick off the lonvesand eat it in preference to many other
grassoH. It is a very small grass but niakcM good pasture: it is not a hay grass at
ull.
By Mr. O'Brien:
Q. Have you tried Rib graws, the Englinh pasture grass? — A. No, but someone
did before uh. It has been tried in Michigan and in some partsof Canada and where
it occurs it is a l)ad weed. Another useless plant of which rotices have appeared is
Spurry. I am sorry to see that the Michigan experimental station has recommended
it. In Nova Scotia it is known as one of their worst weeds. Ii is called Corn Spurry
in Kn;(land. It has a soft succulent htem and will grow on pure sand without any
apparent Ibrtility in it. When it once gets into the land, as wo have found at the
experimental farm, it is extremely diflBcult to eradicate, and not worth anything as
a crop, on account of its smull nize.
By Mr. Featherston :
Q. Does it grow high? — A. No; only from three to four inches. It is so
succulent and brittle that an animal would eabily crush it into the ground. The
leaves are small and hair like, and it is perfectly valueless as a fodder grass for us
in Canada, where we can grow much better plants, in every way.
*
By Mr. Cochrane :
Q. It grows in gardens in Ontario ? — A. Occasionally I have seen it in gardens.
The Rib grass asked about by Mr. O'Brien is recommended for sheep, but it is cer-
tainly a mistake to grow it. It is found in western Ontario where it has given con-
siderable trouble. Speaking of the fescues, this is a specimen of the Red Fescue.
While the other two mentioned are bunch gmsses, the Red Fescue runs freely bv
under-ground stems and forms a sod. It is a very valuable grass. 1 only got a small
Bod of this variety last spring from its discoverer, Mr. J. B. Olcott, of Connecticut. I
have not had seed enough to send out samples, but next year I hope to be able to
Bupply the seed for triai on poor soils. I think it will succeed best on good soil, but
should make a good showing even on poor soils.
Here is a grass to which I would draw special attention. It is the common
June grass (pdturin despria) Poa pratensia. Possibly there is no grass anywhere in
the world with regard to which there is such a diversity of opinion as to its value.
This, to some extent, may be due to the fact that it varies so much. Botanists have
ffreat difficulty in classifying its many varieties, some of which are good, others far
ess so. It is found all over the continent, but in such varying forms that only
botanists are able to separate them I have three forms here, grown under exactly
}il better. Do
R. 1 referred
te world.
lire?— A. The
iIh the Sheep's
Both are very
idy soil ; with
can bo grown
)ut a fortnight
loud Ih in the
) many other
hay grans at
, but Bomeono
ada and whore
vo appeared is
rccommondod
d Corn Spuny
1 without any
e found at the
:h anything as
168. It is so
ground. The
' giaHs for us
I it in gardens.
I, but it is cer-
lias given con-
B -Red Fescue,
uns freely by
ily got a Hraall
Connecticut. I
to be able to
1 good soil, bat
i the common
s anywhere in
as to its value.
Botanists have
}od, others far
arms that only
under exactly
the
•OTAWT AKD IHTOIIOLOOT,— »A»M A«D OAROUr.
1894
^hab^,;gT.rtr3^rHr/"C;flr ?""••" 'Tr '»'«'"-""^ -'^ «" -••«. »>«»
of the original plant were f. ur foet hi/h r """^ ""L"* "^'" ^al^ary. The -torn,
C.lg«,y/(^.oin«tSZ- tXattainKaZr^^ '";"'" 'V''" ^^""«" "^
HM you «,e the Hied in oven now ft. Li- ? ^W "^^ *'"*'* '^»«'- '' '« vory early.
grL from iiCr:;, iiziTJ:,^^^^^^^ "^•'- ^r' '*♦■ ''■" -»«
difforonco between (ho two A I lb S ''.!„. "^' ***"'• '""" "* '««"' ^'"■^'« «'o«'ki.'
it i. unquestionable LiTi. Th'fr^^itt^^^^^^ "f little value.
purpo«cutlheir
laving produced it. .„,«!, slo^ndor nrom ea ly jf, ^^t' 3, *^ ";'' ';" •'!>«•
the Murlace. each plant npreads ranidly and kLI r.T^' '^ 'f"*^*' •''•"'« *<>
get Into u WO.XI ,,„d broiHrdow,?tKnd«rr.w ." "n ""*" "''J' " ^'"" '«^ «""'«
pasture by this June g,,.HH m,orelor , Xr. 'l T'" ""?" »>« ^r'^^r'^-d '"to «
their manure, an.i this added to t„Tro»t iL^r^V ' "T"' "'" "*'*^'' »'" «"''•'«'' "»
the ground. June gras" givL . ^.'i^;^ ,,P"7«r,«'^ri'^ ••";>" ""abU-H It toc<.vor
time keopK on growing a.fd nr.Kl . , "m 'jj^ '^J'"t. Z^^U^"' "'"' • "' •''" """«
off, the bolter it NUcceoils. ,|(, not L li. v« .».. .i* " ' ^'i«.'"'''« " '« <'"t or fed
compa.o wiih it in vah^ If yoriioU 1 /''*'"" '* ""^ ""'»"• «^'"'» "'"t will
them, there i« „o reanon wby^this Iho^ I,] T '". ^""'; P'!"'"'"*"'' ""*' "°^ "vorntook
iruleflniloly. In ICngh.nd I have know? . ? " /'• l'?'^' l'^"-*'"»i«l K'•»H^ lasting
for over tio hundred "ai. a d,,f .'!'": 'n".'" ♦•'/i'''*' ^"?'" '""" '"•«'' ^<>'- K'-»nnS
only thing which the/hive receivlyZfir riim ! /''" r^" '^'l. ""'"'• '••"'''«^ »»'«
once in four or five yiars. **"""^' '^"'« * ''"'« t"P d'esMiig of artificial manure,
By Mr. Pridham ;
i& :Ki.^:r. '"» ■"> - ".>p' -«•« s" U\- Jr r„:;7a:: lu it,' j.'
^y ^r. Featherston :
Q. It is highly appreciated in western Ontario ?_A. I am glad it is so.
By Mr. Hughes :
n,e. ? m^r.omrJh'rZ TL-turTLZl! 1 '.V ""l"''"? "" '"' -""""""'y- I
thougW, we?o better ,,,;;r»h?erw„™,ol^ I'" '■.h'"'","' '",•'""«• '" "h""-"
fin yWr ir>. lU.II . ^ ■ ,
i5y Mr. McMillan
Q
cattle
other
Take
pastures.
By Mr. Cochrane :
rnJntlZlTeZl^Zi '' '"' P'""™*"^"* pasture ?-A. It should bo in every per-
i'f-
10
MR. JAMBS FLBTOHBR.
By Mr. Cleveland :
Q. There is no necessity for sowing it; it will come in of itself? — A. It will.
But there can be no harm in helping it along. Here is a later variety which is just
spearing. Where yon have an* early flowering plart, some of the nourishment is
taken out of it. This grass must have u rest after the stem is grown. The variety
which I have here is from Glacier, in the Rocky Mountains. I have brought you
these specimens to show how grasses of actually the same botanical species may
differ.
By Mr. Boome :
Q. How does it differ from the' Kentucky Blue grass?— A. It is identically the
same. Kentucky Blue grass in the name put upon it when the weedsraen want it to
fetch a high price. As Canadian June grass, I can get it for $1 a bushel. There is
no difficulty in getting a plentiful supply of the seed,if the farmei-s only set about it.
Children can easily collect it along the roadsides everywhere. They cannot make
any mistake as to the kind, because it is almost the only grass of which the seed is
ripe by 1st July. This is the grass which every one who wants a good lawn should
always sow. It should be sown very thickly, at the rate of about four bushels to
the acre, and to this may be added about one and a half to two pounds of white clover.
The lawn will then be tine; even in texture and uniform in colour.
i^csiuca etoiion— This grass is the tall Fescue; it is a coarse growing grass,
but very valuable for its heavy crop of succulent hay that can be cut at this time
or a little later. It flowers about the third week of June and does well to grow
with clover. It has the quality of being extroraely hardy and has succeeded per-
fectly well in Manitoba.
Phalaris arundinacea. — This is a grass for low meadow, that can be grown in
wet land. It is called Canary Reed grass. When the seeds are ripe, the stems are
6 or 8 feet high. I recommend it for cuttin, ^ at this time as a soiling crop. This is
out from a bed very much exhausted ; it has been cut now seven years. After three
years it should be top-dressed to give a very good crop ; it is really the wild form of
the old fashioned Ribbon grass of the garden, and I have found by cultivating a bed
of Ribbon grass, that that variety gives a larger and heavier crop of leaves. It
seemed too ffisthelic to grow as a crop, but 1 think it might bo done successfully.
By Mr. McGregor :
Q. The cattle won't eat it if they can get anything else? — A. Our cattle will.
See how soft and succulent it is.
By Mr. Ferguson :
Q. For soiling, how does this corappre with fall rye?— A. It gives a heavier
crop.
Q. I mean for nutritive value and weight compared? — A. I don't know.
By Mr. McGregor:
Q. Our cattle won't touch it all ? — A. Ours was cut on the 4lh of Juno when I
made the test four years ago, and the cattle ate it with great avidity. It was then
over 3 feet high.
By Mr. Wilson :
Q. You don't know howthey would compare?— A. I don't know the comparative
value.
o_ Would cattle eat it on »)asture ? — A* I am sure they would eat it, I don't
recommend it for pasture, but as a green soiling plant.
By Mr. Hughes:.
Q. How would that Wood Pea of yours do ? Would it do well in a dry season ?
— A. Very well.
-A. It will,
which Ib juBt
Duriahmeiit is
The rarioty
I brought you
1 species may
dentically the
nen want it to
bel. There is
ly set aboat it.
' cannot make
ich the seed is
d luwn should
bur bushels to
f white clover.
rowing grass,
t at this time
well to grow
lucceeded per-
n bo grown in
the stems are
crop. This is
I. After three
e wild form of
iiivating a bed
of leaves. It
auocessfuUy.
)ur cattle will.
fives a heavier
b know.
f Juno when I
. It ' was then
be comparative
eat it. I don't
1894'
BOTANY AND NNTOMOLOOT.-PAWI AND OARDBN.
11
bundfe:tTho*ryo;fKtT7^^^^^ ^ »>-« brought a small
do very well here.ft MhfswfetTe nj grl'^^fn' ZZZ^'l ^' '" ^""'T *^°«« "°'
a sweet flavour to butter and milk H«r? wf: „ . ,^ '^ ."* very early and gives
our own wild Indian hay, t^ we havf ! muoi ,i f*'"'^' ""^ I* '°««'' that valuef In
difficult to get rid of. ^ ' * ""'°'' *''*'«'®'' S'-^s, though one much more
Agropyrum tenerum.— in Manitoba and th« TCnrfj, .„« .
turn has been a grass of the same 3m.«^- t; ^.^'^''T®*' » ^^ry great desidera-
handled hay. WS had great dXurvIni,;^?^"''^*'^^^^^ °'^a" «nd easily
grass) the agriculturaf value of Swf^H-^ **"*• i *^ l?'' **•'" «'"''«« (Western Bye
Virdeii, is a grass which belonL to th^^JT^^^^^^ .n Manitoba by Jir.McIvor, of
«ivantage of^not formTnVrtnnfngrot^rkVC
By Mr. McGregor :
in many re,p<,cw, but wS ilthou^h ofTh . '"' '/"'; ■"y- ""y "'"' Timolh;
QuMklra-efand I think Uwni£.fL°/''''^r «""''y' ■""■<"■ '<•"<" ■•o-f Hke
tb. hay and «„d. which o.:i^ .^X^i^^nZ. .'Tmlr'cT""' °'"" """"""^ »'
By Mr. McGregor :
.b.«?ih'o '.r.reih;.'"'"' '-*• '' " """'^ ■"«"• " ""■ g'^* to f„„r feet.
By Mr. Cochrane :
to the gra,s in having all Z"andt^iS.h.dr* "'°'* '' "?''«'" ''<">'«"1«»!«
.«« .»» a cop. apU...i. !ttitir^^Tg^r;r ;£:'';s'::i'^
■Sy -Mr, McGregor .-
I tewTto^l\^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ just the grass.-A. Yes.
in th^rrTetfb'Jff &?ooV;?,rbf b'^ blue joint grasses, and agrass not yet
and also green 'feed. I go^t the seed^f W^h' nS oV laK "" ^^««"r^'^P °^ ^^^
variety of our own blal joint, which grows in Th th« ^"f^®'"'^''- i' " * "O'tf'ern
country. They grow well hoWfiVAv s^h i ^ * . ^I'® swamps and stieams in the
form. ^Tho hay i^reJce iennual v .^^^^^ '"«"''•«'• '^^"^ ^^e ordinary
theattention of^helrmt^S.VrvtAhre:j;^^^^^^^^^^
By Mr. Feathenton :
tunity of leaking rboutS^Socatrtr^^^^^^ ^'''''''^ '%''*^- '^'^^'^^^'^ ^PPO^'
numerous visitors to the Centml f^tm T 7 ^ .P'""''®'* ''^ «'*«a<^ J^^erest toVhe
excursions to the faJm and Jhev sSowed v«r/'*'' ? '"I^" ""?^'*«'' «*' ^"^'"^^ ««">« on
and hay grasses. The'results of oSeEC*K '"*"""'* *°u '^'' '"^"«^ °^ Pa^^^^e
periment which has beercarried on «nfflS have now shown the use of the ex-
to the country, and I am verv lH^ ?o h„^« l^i>-°"^ *° «'^? "« ^«'»'^'''« <^'^ta. of "''e
?i^^i«.l~^-tw
1,.
a drv season ?
By Mr. Hughes:
12
UB. JAMBS rLBTOHBR.
a brown beetle, of which the grub feeds on the leaves and eats the plant. It is just
the same colour as the plant and is easily overlooked. You mean a failure in the
crop, do you not ; or wae it a failure in the seed crop ?
Q. The crop was all right, but the seed was all wrong. — A. I had not heard of it
By Mr. Featherston :
Q. Was it not the raidge ?— A. I don't think so. I don't think the midge attacks
the Alsike clover. . .
By the Chairman :
Q. This Wood Pea, is it grown with other grain ?-
Q. And at what time? — A. In the spring.
By Mr. McMillan
-A. No. It is better sown alone.
Q. I think, to experiment thoroughly with these grasses, they should be taken
out from the beds, and put out into fields, because in beds they are cultivated under
exceptional uircumHtances. It is really no guide to the farmer until they are tested
in the field ?— A. That is very true, and in calculating the results we always elimi-
nate the outHide strip, which gets special cultivation. With regard to the pasture
mixtures, we have one-twentieth acre plots, and I think these will yive us the results
we want. The best mixtures will also be sown in larger areas. There is a mixture
consisting of Timothy, Meadow Fescue, Orchard grass, June grass and four clovers.
This, we find, gives a very satisfactory crop. It will be put in a much larger area
this year. Three one-twentieth acre plots were put under it this year, and next year
we shall put a much larger plot under the mixture. At the edge of a plot, even the
fact of keeping the weeds out of the paths gives the advantages of cultivation itself,
as is shown by the grass being much higher round the edge.
By Mr. Cochrane :
Q. But you get sufficient results to arrive at comparative calculations? — A. Oh,
yes. W- calculate that there is one-half more advantage to the plants that are
round the outside than to those that are on the inside.
By Mr. Hughes :
Q. Is the path higher than the bed?— A. It is just about the same height.
By Mr. McNeill :
Q. Have you tried Orchard grass and clover together ?— A. Wo have tried Red
June clover and Orchard grass together. They are much belter than the ordinary
mixture of Red clover with Timothy. Mammoth clover makes a good mixture with
Timothy.
By Mr. McMillan :
Q. How many vaiieties of grass have you got at the farm?— A. We have about
150 just now iJnder trial.
Q. Would it not be bettor for you to decide which are best? It is rather con-
fusing for the farmer to choose among so many varieties? — A. Well, yes, but we
must try them, to rind out which are the best. If a farmer comes he will see many
things that he need not follow. But we must try them to see which is the best.
But we do not recommend the 150 varieties, because many of them have no agricul-
tural use at all. We find that many have to be discarded as agricultural grasses. I
tKjr>ir o.'.i'.' exneriraente have shown that there aio about half a dozen or a dozen
of the thoroughly high class grasses which can be grown in many parts of
Canada. Certainly there is far too much of the ordinary mixture of Timothy and
Red clover grown all over the country, whother,that mixture is suitable or not for
the locality. There are some grasses much more suitable than Timothy for
some districts.
ant. It is just
a fnilure in the
not heard of it
etnidge attacks
bter sown alone.
bould be taken
iiltivated under
they are tested
'e always ©limi-
1 to the pasture
'e us the results
re is a mixture
,nd four clovers,
ich larger area
•, and next year
a plot, even the
iiltivation itself,
Uions? — A. Oh,
plants that are
aie height.
) have tried Eed
an the ordiuary
od mixture with
We have about
t is rather con-
7ell, yes, but we
le will see many
■hich is tho best,
have no agricul-
tural grasses. I
)zen or a dozen
many parts of
of Timothy and
litable or not for
m Timothy for
1894
BOTANY Am .TTOlIOLOaT,— FABM AMD OABDHN.
By Mr. McNeill:
It
er
and ?otfo7ich.'' ""'"'''' """^ °''"'^*''' ^'^^ '^'^^''^y i° '^utriment^-A. It is light
By Mr. Carpenter :
For t^hisToctfonV'" " "''^^ "^'^^ '''' ^««' "^'^^"- ^- P— ent pastures ?-A.
fora tf:;a7o7Jnr;?o" ll^LZ^i:!^::?^'!^' ^Pf ^? ?' K^^'^^'^y '"^^ «-«*
old Canlda It is composed as foS TiiSht ° • ' '° ^^""^ ^*'i'/''« S''^*^*'" P^rt of
pounds; Orchard S two VouS'Ti^ni^^^ ^^ """ ''°"°*^'' ^^^"^"^ Fescue, four
wet the're should bfSd^neCund of R^d^^^^^^ ''^''^ '^' '"^^^ *«
per acre, two pounds each oPthXur clovers Jfed White '^'^Ir^'i IT^ V^'
gives a crop of very excellent hav for t«m !».' fht ' ' -^'^'f* *°^ ^'«''^®- That
te used forVasture'^for two or tJfee ye^s more ^'*'*'' ""*^ '^'" '''' '"^^'^^^ '''^
By Mr. Pridham :
By Mr. Cochrane :
By Mr. Cargill :
By Mr. McNeill :
g<-odVmL"t'?ar»i%SrwaM,':^'-^- ^"^ '"'" "" h for bay, and it „.te. a
By Mr. McMillan :
By Mr, Semple:
Q. How lone dOAR tho AIoilr» «I«___ 1 .^o . 'Li
the same or a little longer thanTheRArf r^r^' ^^°"* ^^*^ ^"^ "»'ee years-about
generally last longer IS ke is nnr^L .i ^''^^.'^r^ ««^« together the Alsike will
^^fiVB^yingcZl^ kedS >' '^at
not nearly such beautiful flowers as 8om« nf .IJ^' '* '» »^a"««**«** ^O""' but has
all be g^wn from cutt ngs e? her cut in the^^^^^^^ ^'Wcan
or from green summer w?od The Tirta.^^^^^^^^ kep coo during the winter,
specimen here, is perfectlyZ'dv and can 1L nhf? T^°'*^^.''^ ^*>»«*' ^ have a
l/ke to refer for a moment trthe^ubiit of ^..«i-*'"!.^ '^^P *" BeedHmen. 1 would
either grown from cuulSgs or seed ind th/ 3f *'T '^^ T ^- O"*" ^^rubs are
It is jult three years since^th^^rdB'ofthsTirl'^^^^^^^^^
is a beautiful shnib beiooLnnir to the HosI fiTrnff^^ " Honeysuckle were sown. Here
Exochorda grandiflora, or Pearl Bush ^' ''"^'^'^^^^ ^'^'^ <^hina. It is called
By Mr. Pope :
for three year.. It is kvowi. from Zrf «■..„..• 'J*^ ""' "'""'" '" « shiobbery
this season of the year it is a nerfAnt mnJ.^P k 'f-^ ■ , '^*®®* '" height, and at
.ider one of the -^ryV.^o'o^I^nS^Z^glZu^''' "'"""• *"'»• ' «°°-
By Mr. Semple :
obtaitd'Tthe frmn:°VmtSJ;;ithV" '''''' ''"''/ «'-^"" from cuttings
the little Irish rose (Za ^rSma^ T-fc?'' '°'"f. ^Z'^"''^"' ^°^™«- This is
respecting which people cartak^^relLhoio/ if "^ «« «/actory thing about this,
Scotch rose. There are many beau tifn^ «inT" JV* ''*"^'* ^^^ ^^e Irish and the
this country, as iJosHwSK Iw^L"/'!^ p*^ ••?''"?; '"'"^ ^^ «^hioh grow in
This is the turple-ieaveS from theTuth of Eu'^Z ^iT ' *"^ ^- '^^^^rname^^
for ornamentarplanting. It is pe?fectfy Tardy aS^Xvs fr«X T''^ P''?^ 'i'°«
18 a specmen of the white varie?^ of th^ Jap^e^^io^'f^^'^^^Jir
By Mr. Cochrane :
Amo?g?hi's^T4^aI~H; GJrde'i'& \^'^^' ^'t ^T *°** '" '^^ North-west,
fectly Lrdy aL makes quick g,wt^h '"'"*'''" P'""' ^^' ^'^^S^'' ^' « Pe'-
will ik^e'l he3g7\Vt'^t*5rtT|tl\Tif ''^* 'T:^- P« Tartarian Honeysuckle
Barberry or natii Holly (MahollLXilTT' ^^'^ ^\*^ ^""^^ Columbia
Uvated forms of our native WhTte ffl Thi« r"^"""'."!?* P'*"'^ "« ^^e cul-
These cedars may be grown f^m cut«ng Ver^'^S^J^^/^V/hlt ^"""^V^** ^°^==«-
titles of them every year at the »xrJ^in^l*..\7 ^r" • , "*^® S^^^n large quan-
world to grow them. You take affttUtwt ? •'"••- ? ^^ ^^^ «''"P'««t t^i"! i" the
and then%t it i.^eand anf kii thZl S '' ^
spring, the*^ young cuttings will bo found to^ hat ZT' 'a " '^'^ '^'^"««- I" ^^e
formed they are planted out in rows Thev m^tl -K^'l'^f *"* P'^V^' ^^en roots are
ing the first year! This rule wiulpply t^arthe ArTA^y '"^^es of growth dur-
beautiful var.eties of our native cedaKs the Donlh^rlS^ ^'^n^^. ^"^ ^^ ^^e most
be grown in the same way from out inirsfi..?^''' or Golden Cedar. It can
GypvesB (Metinoapora plumom) ^ ^° *'"'* '^*° ^^is graceful Japanese
By Mr. FeaUieraton :
wiu.t=°^e!;te\Tve1!;eX^if^ThiKr^^lt°' «>- »' «" <•"*.
bat ,b.pe Mturally, ,„d do« .rieqS, to bS ?rii"ij''°f '*•'?.,•««• I' keepi
theatteutionof the^'co.^ittee to .br:!;„%^ SS?b.!,ri't'L''o;lri^,tfe
I t!!
i. Ai
16
MR. JAMBS VLBTOHBR.
an olive at all, although it looks like it. it is of great value on account of its intense
hardiness. It can be grown anywhere, and is, consequently, of the utmost value in
the North-west. Then we have its relative, our native Wolf Willow, or Silver Bush
(Elceagnua argentea). It is well known in the North-west. It is a very acceptable
shrub here because in this part of the country it is unusual to find silver trees.
Among the leguminous plants— the pea family— there are several which are valu-
able This is a specimen of the Caragana arborescens, or Siberian Pea tree. Its
chief characteristic is its hardiness. It is also of great beauty, whether in flower
or not It can be grown easily from seed, and is calculated to be of the greatest
value in the North-west. Here is another of the same class known as the Cytiius
Batiabonenais, of less beauty, but with more conspicuous flowers.
By Mr. Cochrane :
Q. "What is its English name ?— A. I regret to say that it has as yet no
Bnclish name. Among the maples, we have several valuable forms. This is a
specimen of Schwerdler's Maple. It is a beautiful object in early spring. The
leaves are blood red. and it bears at the tip of each branchlet a cluster of golden
yellow flowers. It is a variety of the Norway Maple and is quite hardy. This is a twig
of Wier's Cutleaved Maple. It is very curiousand pretty when you examine a twig of
this size, but as a tree it is too ragged to be recommended, except as a curiosity. It
belongs to the Silver Maple family and has the same bad habit of growth and brittle-
ness large limbs often breaking off. This is a specimen of the Acer Qinnala a variety
of the Tartarian maple. I am sorry to say some of thjBse shrubs have not English names.
In the spring this is all covered with whitish flowers. Among the purple leaved
plants there is the purple plum (Prunuipissardi) which is rather desirable, but it is
not hardy enough for this district. The Acer ginnala comes from Tartary. It is
found in the Amoor district and in the northern parts of China and Japan. In
the autumn it is covered with intensely crimson leaves and is very beautiful. Its
habit of growth too is very elegant. It has the shape of a tree with a trunk, but is
small in size like a shrub. It seeds freely here and is easily propagated from seed.
There are many more beautiful shrubs I might mention ; but the few I have shown
will indicate what we are doing in this line, and I shall be glad to give any informa-
tion In ray power, to those desiring it, Oi to show any one the collection in the
botanic garden at the experimental farm where I now have a collection of about
•700 different kinds of trees and shrubs. In most cases, I have two living specimens
of each variety or species.
Mr. Fletcher was requested to address the committee at a future meeting in
relation to injurious insects.
OOMHITTEK EOOM 46, HoUSB OP COMMONS,
TuESDAT, 12th June, 1894.
The Select Standing Committee on Agriculture and Colonization met at 10.30
a.m. to-day, Dr. Sproule, chairman, presiding,
Mr. James Fletcher, entomologist and botanist at the Central experimental
farm, was again in attendance at the request of the committee. He said :■— I am
very'much obliged to you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, for an opportunity of
speuking a few minutes, again, on the work T am dumg. I consider it a
very great advantage to all of us at the experimental farm to be called before
this committee, because your report is printed long before our annual report can be
issued. The excellent way in which your agricultural committee report is got out,
and edited, the concise way in -^hich it is indexed and prepared makes it of extreme
value to us in carrying on our , ark. The edition of separate copies of my evidence
t of its intense
tmost value in
or Silver Bush
sry acceptable
kd silver trees,
hich are valu-
Pea tree. Its
ither in flower
f the greatest
as the Cytisus
has as yet no
IS. This is a
spring. The
ister of golden
This is a twig
mine a twig of
1 curiosity. It
7th and brittle-
tnala a variety
English names,
purple leaved
irable, but it is
rartary. It is
nd Japan. In
beautiful. Its
a trunk, but is
ted from seed.
I have shown
e any informa-
lection in the
ction of about
ring specimens
ure meeting in
IHONS,
Fune, 1894.
1 met at 10.30
1 experimental
[e said: — I am
opportunity of
consider it a
Q called before
report can be
tportis got out,
!8 it of extreme
of my evidence
BOTANY AND KNTOMOLOaV.-FARM AND GARDEN.
1894'
mfcJrrpo^Jd^ri^vlrman?^:^ ' - ^'^^ ^« ^"^ ^* ^l
very groat advantage to us to hYvo tircolinn .?. f ^n """"''' '""''^^^i «"'• '^ is of
of our work of the year to send to n?/^ "^ well arranged report or resume
necensarily.on accountSL L blgUy burkn'dl"'?; . ''" '^"""'*' ^^P'^'**.
therefore, a short r^.umtf of the work jrviWffi' it r'"'* *^>'°^ «»t in time.and
of great use to us. I ...m thus vorv Jhi.l' to ^^ latest discoveries and remedies is
items which I believe i^wil be o7n? stuTl vK'^^^^^^^^
through the country before the ^^^:^^:^:^Z'::p':::^z':i£s^^
I-Oi'ATO ROT AND REMEDY FOR.
thoro^ghlflS^d^beSllJ^'a T' T^'^^ ^- ^-" pretty
and in my annual reporter ^892 I shal ro^fe^^tn A'""^'' ^^^^^^^^
toby Prof. SaundcrsVhogaveithlstorvand hfhlt. ■''"^/' it has been referred
on account of having received a roouest Zom tt« n. 'yf^^Y; I ^^ «o now, merely
Bpoak of it. I have broughrwith me two X "--^«"'' ^^' •"'""^^'' ^"' ^'^ •^'' *^
spraying plots of potatoes at tSed with Wa^^.^''' iHu-^trating the benefit from
Plainly Sy^hesetiiophofogra^^^^^^^^^
Those sprayed have tKeir foliage vert full veEE^ h ' ^ ^T' ''"'** ^^^'"^ '«»f-
quence, the crop was very much heavier Th7S!l"'^ retained, und as a conse.
known as the Bordeaux ilixtuve,TZlm-etrnZ?l\h T^ i ""ft '"^*'"'^- ^' «
(6 lbs.) in 45 gallons of water nnnliflH hl^ 1. I ^ ''''*•) *'"'^ sulphate of copper
aud in that way the fungTis t chSd a^^^a^ 'P'Y'"'^- P"™P *'' the foliage,
from the sporel The impoJ^ance of tht ^u h ctl Zl^Zl' " k'^^ P'0P«g«ttd'
to check it ha/been dis^oL AJlt^u^^' S:^^^^:^J^i:i^tX''
By Mr. Carpenter : J' ""fa«'y.
potat^'blgsV-i. yIs' ^S advant'^r"'- '•°"'* y'\''' *^« P-'Pose of killing
with Pari? green is now a wel^acSwIed^ed'''"^ "Yk*'^'"« whfch Contains limf
arsenites was their causticitrandThpTn^*"?®' ^^ g''«at difficulty in using
of mixing lime witS^sSeen in eVr' "-n?^ "'"^^ ""^'^f *°''«««- ^he result
one of lime to 200 gallons oVwato? fJr the onH „ ' Tu ^""""'i °*' ^'^''^ K^^^" '^°d
one pound to 100 gallons of w^tXr no a^^^^^^ "?''^.'? ""''.'^^ P'""^ curculio; or
lized' and the doub^ orct sTocur^drf dost Svll'Vh?-^"' *?" 'T'K'y '« "«"tra-
preventing any harmful effects on thAllifl^Tr*^® '"'^^f^^ **"'^ ^ttho same time
mixture with kris eeen at th«««m« ? ^ ' '"''* ^ """^ **^'* that, in the Bordeaux
insect enemies ^h?bK,otonheZlIT '^k '"'''' '^' ^""g"« ^^'^^^^ «"d the
Craig and others with the same Lxt^,;ffV\"' *'^®" successfully treated by Mr.
speak of, these are parasils%fulSTnsects^^ "' '^" ''''''' ^""^^ ^ -'"^ to
By Mr. Girouard (Two Mountahs) ■
of the commiltle. That U the reason 1 mrt?l f T"' ""T '""""« " '" "'° "P<>«
eadier and I can then JietribatruThlru w?l1 1 \Z.y 1^^"'" ^°' " P™'^
ByMr.Dupont:
Q. You have it published in the AnHcnltural T-^'i-^-ri w c\. u ? « tt
.oasonformentioningthisparticularmatter-^his ttt^gtS^
By Mr. Girouard i^Two Mountains) : riepoit.
ours.^- ^"^'^ "^"^ *^'« ^^P^^'* *>« P'^'^ted and distributed ?-A. Six months before
2
;ii
%^
18
MR. JAMES FLRTOUBR.
Q The potatoes aro growing then and it is too late?— A. I have a letter now
written ready for the nowupapeitJ, which I published lust year, and I intend to pub-
lish it again in a fortnight or so, giving very shortly the life history of this disease
and the lomody. This is Hent to all the French and English papers throughout the
country, who have always been kind enough to publish promptly such matters.
By Mr Feathenton :
Q. You send it to the stock papers too?— A. Yes, to all papers circulated to
those to whom 1 think the information will be useful.
By Mr. Dupont :
Q. Will plaster do the same ns lime for mixing the Bordeaux mixture?— A. No,
it is not the same at all. You must use fresh lime.
rUNQOOS PARA8ITK8.
There is another fungus 1 would like to draw attention to, a parasitic fungus.
This is a parasite of the white grub (Lachnoatema), one of thevery worst enemiea
we have to strawberries and also to pastures. It is a very difficult insect to fight
against, because the grub lives foi- t-o years under ground out of sight, the cater-
pillar or grub of the June bug, a large black beetle, which at night frequently flies
Into windows at this time of the year. The grub is a large white grub which destroys
strawberry roots and live? in the ground. This specimen which I now show you lo a
parasitised grub destroyea by a fungus called Cordyceps melolonthai, it was sent to
me by Mr. Sidney Fisher, of Brome, Que., and I have no doubt that if this parasite
can bo propagated and distributed, which I am trying to do at present, tiie attacks
of this insect will be largely controlled. It is a very infectious disease, and the spores
are given off by the fungus, and any insect that comes in contact with them, is des-
troved by it. the same as by any other infectious disease.
Another parasite is that of the Clover Leaf Weevil iPhytonomus punctatus), And
this has the same effect on the caterpillars by destroying them in large nurabei-s.
When attacked, the caterpillar crawls up to the top of a stem of grass or any other
plant and dies. The spores break through the skin, and are blown by the wind and
oome'in contact with any other insect or the food which they oat, and the insects ot
the same species are destroyed in large numbers. Wo find nearly all these parasitic
fungi are of the same nature in their effect upon their victims.
By Mr, Carpenter :
Q Do you suggest a remedy for the clover weevil ?— A. The insect feeds on
leaves of clover. It is difficult to spray anything on a fodder plant, so the discovery
of this disease in Canada is a mattter of some importance. The weevil is not a com-
mon pest and is kept largely in chock by this fungus which is called EntomopMhora
sphcerosperma.
By Mr. McDonald (^Aasiniboia') :
Q. Are the Junebugs the same as the caterpillars that feed on cabbage ?--A. No.
The caterpillars on the cabbage are the caterpillars of the white butterfly. The best
remedy is Pyrethrum powder and flour, one of the former to four parts, by weigbt,
Q. Many are of that opinion ?— A. The grubs of June bugs feed on the roots of
plants entirely.
PEACH BARK BORER (PhUeotribus liminaris), etc.
Another insect I wish tn apeak of is the peach bark Iwrer. It is an extremely
minute insect. I have brought some to show how a very small insect may do a great
injury. It is exceedingly small, about the size of the head of a medium sized pin.
An important discovery has been made with respect to it;— it was always supposed,
like otbe • bark boring beetles, that it copulated and laid eggs in May and June, but
we find t ey are active very much earlier in the year, and that they move about and
a letter now
intend to pab-
of this diHoaoe
hroaghout the
\i matters.
circulated to
:ture?— A. No,
irasitio fungas.
worst enemies
insect to fight
ight, the cater-
'requently flies
which destroys
w show you io a
, it was sent to
ir this parasite
3nt, the attacks
, and the spores
th them, is des-
punctatus), and
large numbers.
iss or any other
ly the wind and
id the insects of
[ these parasitic
) insect feeds on
so the discovery
^il is not a oom-
. Entomophthora
Dbage? — A. No.
terfly. The best
arts, by weight,
I on the roots of
is an extremely
Bt may do a great
edinm sized pin.
.Iways supposed,
ly and June, but
T move about and
1894
BOTANY AND BNTOMOLOnY,— FARM AND OARDHN.
19
much oarlier. of mixUe" whT^i not in ar"^^^^^^^ '« ^he baric,
rows of the beetle and destrov them wh«rLa • fu' ^"' '^.'" V^^^^rnlo the bur-
it is almost impossible to a, ply annhinr tn Z "? "?' T'l^^' °^" '^«*'^'« «'°«th,
injuring it, but by beginning L?ieT I t*h ink w« ."'m k' ^l**. >^"""'^' *••«« ^'»hout
insect Huccessfully. *^'""'"K *"'"«*• ^ ^bink we Hhall bo able to deal with this
Borefo^sffio're'^cSj^^ insect known in Nova Scotia as the Pin
these little beotirwi iTat Ky'^nfo a J^^^^^^^ «"« "^
a poisonous otfect on thrw ood foLome dSn^? '^''*';"^ ''• ^'' ^^''^ «««™« ^« ^avo
I lave not yet found « HuSatto'i^jroredr 'ha^e^ -^ ^''-«h
ing the trees with nlkuline washes h.cI. as fioTs,?„n ^"""'*'^:"'»>'« «"c«or 'n wash-
carbolic acid. The deHidoratnm ^to rnow the «v«.?'r ^ *' "V"""? ^^"^^ ^"«P *"d
ing through its vnrious stages hnvo seTern! Zl'T '^'''" *''" '"«"*=* '" P«««-
me, by watching it in their orchurdrLdTh?L. ^?«fr«^« «' work helping
shall secure a satisfactory remedy ^ '"" ''^"''' *^"' '" ««"'«« of tiraf wi
I7r.4;rhicrl':;is%'fhe^:^^^^^^^^^^^^ 'S ^"^^ ^--^^/^-h VycevH (4„am...-,
studying the structure of thl InZ ^ ^ ''"^ '"'^^ *^« ^o«^«'* buds. We find by
unlik^e letVeolt iThas w ng casY b^^^^^^^^ fight against it is indicated. beisJ
the application of anythin/round the «?i,J^ « ^"'^u'' ''^"'** '' ««" A^- Therefore
round the trunk has The elfect o? nJeventlm; fl ""^^^ '^^ %'"^ ""^ « P'««° ^^ ^"^ding
and attacking tho buds Preventing these insects from crawling up the stem
smalf ZXtVophTa Z7chelt ^^"^VTrVT''^ '^' ««*«^P'"«'- ^^ a very
plums. It passes trwlmeri^f^e IternU ^ f ""'^'T "PP'°'' '^"^ '^''^^ P«"' « «"d
curved case*^ it is at this time „otha?fLmwi T f^k,"'"'^!^ ''"'?? "P '" « «™«»
clusters in the forks and c. the ?w.gf ofthrtVee Th ''?J ""..^^ '""l^''^'' '"
the spring and crawling up the boi f L att««l. fS!\, ^ '®*''* *'i^"' «tt«chmcnt in
but occurs in enormous nuWersa^dharSo^ ^^ '« ** ''"'"" '"«««*.
treated successfully by Dr I) Ynnm, Tf a?? considerable in ury. It has been
early in spring, and^Z by spray^ng^wi?!; P^FIZT'"' "'^' '""«"'' '''"»'«-"'
CanaiarncTlCt'rihS-'tioZSi' ^ "°*« "'^'^h have appeared in
San Jos^ Scale, and Ifwen Lrn %„ 1/^^^^^^^^ One of theseis knXnasthe
injuries it has done in Californir?n n,.n?. .° ?"?* °" ''^*'*^°"* ^^ ^he enormous
seit to me from ^11^ CoSL Lnd I amTi^'""**''^"'' *''"'•"• ^^^'^^ ^een lately
as soon as possible. It is a s?ale insect of thf '"^ '"'"'"''®'' ^^.'^^^^ '^ ^^amped out
and the Oyster Shell Bark.UsVofTLnli tt^^^^^^^^ ""'"'*' ^^ '^^ ®«»''^-5^ Ba4-louse
siguificant of the great amort ofilryTtmavhffh ""'""' '^f'^f'' Vemiciosu,, is
successfully with kerosene emulsion ^ ^ ^ ''""'® ''^- ^' ^^'^ ^e treated
.FJ^^.tptdrnsTateti:^ se^n^l^rbtS^t^eel*'^ ?r*"« ^^^"'^ (^^^««
It was brought from the state of New York^^f^lT?"''"/ ^^ J''e«'nan, Ont., whence
life history has been worked out inTheU^"trd?!fLV' "J'V'J^"' ""^ injurious. Its
por.Ute„.„ and be,.„ ve^ 'otit^rrwii,ref,id^rSL'^Krhi;l
A NEW INSEOTIOIDB.
isclafmTtfbirCTan'^J^^^^^^^ ^ ; this is called u-seniate of lead. It
caustic and does not injure the folWe T^^^^klT^T ^ '^^.V^' *° '^^' ^' «"not
the Gypsy Moth Commission An^f!l„r ? ?'^^ introduced by Prof Pernald of
of silks, in New EnSd who ilnlTtJ"^ int,;odacedin this country by astudenfc
world, he might belble to ge? Jew S^ iL^«r"T^ ^°''l*« ^''^'^ "'""^ P«'t« of tZ
the worst peft. of all deLSi.Z::^CrE^^
('•1
.4/f
•ij
20 MR. JAMB8 FLBTOHBR— BOTANY AND BNTOMOLOQY,— FARM AND OARDRN.
now over the New Rnglond Staten, un.l in tho Unito.l StutoH about two and a half
minion dollHrn huvo bc^n Hpont in trying to cadicalo it. ;^hey are now by act.ye
meaHuroH, hol.iing it in chock. Wedo not wantanything of he kmd u.tr.M need .n o
thiB country, but thi-* iH one of the good rosultB ot trying totlnd now romedioH Th.a
new arHoniato i« uHod like Paris grocn nnd it ha« moroovor, no injurious ettectH on
the foliaire I am trying oxporimentH with it this year and possibly wo may find
that it is «;en of mori v.riuo than Paris grocn, although wo cannot over-estimate he
value of that article, which has many features which make it valuable as a poison, the
best being its bright colour. There is a gone.al opinion that anything green is
poiBonous^nd tho intensity of Us greenness makes it so ^-''^ v';'l>'« th.U it mluce.
the dnngerof careloHsnoss to u minimum. By properly mixing it w th I me tie
caustic properties are neutralized. There should be no ilangor in using it, with the
exercise of ordinary precaution. No remedy can compare with Pans green for
applying to potatoes fir tho Colorado potato beetle. It should bo aoplicl. generally
tfJoJighout tto country by all who wish to cultivate tho potato, h is cheap and
readily applied.
By Mr. Carpenter :
Q I am sure the committee will be glad if Mr. Fletcher will tell ns something
respecting the horn fly and its treatment ?-A. As I i"f«r'"«l^*»V^r^;Hn?i
year, the most satisfactory treatment was either by spraying the ««"'« ^^^^l^.* ""^:
tare of coal oi 1 and soap suds, made into an emuls,on, or a mixture of tanner s oil or
any cheap animal or fish oil mixed with a littlo carbolic acid. It can either be put
S7tho aSmals with a cloth or sponge, or sprayed on them Any of those emu.sions
will prove satisfactory, but they must be applied systematically Where thoy have
been tried systomaticilly thoy have boon very successful. 1 will ^opoat again what
I said on previous occasions, that tho probabiaties are we have seen ^ho woist of this
pest and that it may not bo very long before we get rid of it altogether. Iho ex-
Jerience in those sections of the United States whore two or three years ago it was
very bad, is that it is disappearing.
By Mr. Feather ston :
Q Is there any danger of tho carbolic acid getting into the eyes of the anitnal ?
—A. The eflect of carbolic acid, greatly diluted, on even an open wound, laantisep-
*'" X WouWU not likely injure the oyos?-A. Not when diluted to the necessary
weakness.
By Mr. Dyer :
q. What amount of carbolic acid do you use?-A. Two ounces in a ga"on of
oil. Mr. Carpenter tells me ho puts on four times that amount without evil ettoots.
By Mr. Carpenter:
Q. I had to apply the mixture with a sponge as T found it would not spray.
As Mr. Fletcher says, I used four times the quantity of carbolic acid which he re-
commended, and it^did not injure tho animals, except that pe;;hapB Bomo of them
lost a little hair. Whera care is used there should be no danger ?-A. I do not
understand how it is Mr. Carpenter's solution did not spray, because the kerosene
emulsion is as thin as milk when properly diluted. nommittfle for the
Before sitting down, I desire to express my thanks to the committee toi tno
kind Atid patient hearing which they have given me.
Having examined the preceding transcript of my evidence of the 5th and 12th
of Juno, I find it correct.
JAMES FLETOHBE,
Entomologist and Botanist to the BowM^xperifMntal Farms,
)oiuiM^Ei