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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'im^ges ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants fllustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 22t 1 2 3 4 5 6 li < EYEKY MAi:^ HIS ow:^- FARRIER: A TREATISE ON HORSES AND CATTLE ; WITH REMEDIES FOR EVERY DISEASE. HENRY BRANTON, Yeterinary Surgeon, TALBOTVILLE, ELGIN CO., ONTARIO. TORONTO : COPP, CLARK & CO., PRINTERS, COLBORNE STREET. 1875. AUTHOlt'S PlIEFACE. :i\ My reason for MT-iting tliis book is to give farmers, and all owning horses and cattle, an insight into the symptoms and treat- ment of diseases connnonly met with on this continent. I have endeavoured to make it as plain as i)08sil.le, carefully avoiding the use of hard technical terms as far as I could ; for I know that a great many books have been published, which, unless a man be well read in the profession, he cannot nndei-stand, on account of the Latin and other foreign terms. I have given my own practical treatment, as well as that from other authora, and have, where I have deemed it advisable, quoted fi-om the experience of others whose word I can rely on with the greatest faith. Having had several years of good practical experience as a Veterinary Surgeon in this country, I have felt that a book of this description was much needed by the Farming community, knowing that they are sometimes unable to obtain th° services of an experienced man ; and I trust that all making j,archase of this work may find therein a true and serviceable friend. CONTENTS. iDllammation MOf, DI9EA81W OF THK DIGESTIVE ORtiAKg. Irregular Teeth Ijiunpaa InjtirieH to the TongJie . . . , , , Choking in Horaus Choking in Cattle Indigestion Colic, (JrijieH, or Belly Ache . . Inllamniation of the Bov'jla Diarrlio'a, or "Scouring" Constipation Inllamniation of the Lining Membrane of the BelJy Bots and Worms in Horsea Inflammation of the Liver Inflammation of the Thiril Stomach in the Ox DIHEASEW OF THE LUNOS AND TnEIU ArPEMUOM. Simple Catarrh, or Cold Bronchitis, or Inflammation of the Meinlrano Lining pipe and Bronchial Tubes Congestion of the Lungs Inflammation of the Lungs in the Horse Pleurisy, or Inflammation of the Membrane Covering the Chronic Cough Roaring, AVhistling and Wheezing The Heaves, or Broken Wind Inflammation of the Lungs in Cattle Vomition, or Sickness in Cattle Inflammation of the Kidneys Inflammation of the Udder in Cows DISEASES AFFECTING THE EXTREMITIES, Sweaney Strain of the Tendons opiiut, Spavin and Ringbone . . Wind- Lunga 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 17 18 IS 20 21 22 22 32 24 25 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 I CONTENTS. Windgalls, Bo,' Spavin and Tlioroughpin Capped Elbow and Capped flock Curb ., Navicular or Coffin Joint Disease Sand Crack Coma Founder DISKASES OF THE uraiK AND SPIVAL TORD. Phrenitis, or Inflammation of the Brain Eabies, or Hydroi)lio],ia in the Horse Palsy, or Paralysis Tetanus, or Lock-Jaw •Striii.; }[;vlt Pnerperal or Milk Fever in Cattle (commonly 'known as after calving") DISKASES OF TL'E EYKS. Ophtlialmia, or Inflammation of the Eye Amaurosis, or Glass J'Jye , . * DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Scratches Grease , . Mange . . ' " . ' DISEASES OP THE BLOOD. Strangles Influenza Glandors and Farcy Rheumatism . . ' ' • • Sanguinius Ascites, or Red Water in' Sheep " H.-emo-Albumcuaria, or Red AVater in Cattle isplenic Apoplexy in Sheep Hffimatos.; is, or Black Leg in Cattle Jrisemostatia Purpura Hiemorrhagica, or Bloody Sweat in Horses dislocation of Joints .. " uoists Fracture of Bones The Teeth as showing the Age of a Horse .." .. "' "Down 38 39 40 41 41 43 43 44 4A 46 47 49 49 50 52 .52 5.1 54 .54 5.5 56 57 58 59 61 (>1 «3 (>5 66 67 70 ll EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. History of the diauaie. Inflamma- tion as a bli'od (litdaid. mPLAitMATION. • In writing this little work, I have tliontrlit that I could not do better than hegin by giving a few remarks on Inttummation" generally ; not of any particular part, as 1 shall take them sei)arately afterwards, bnt will only ?^'^a-°^ !'?^"^™' Inflammation," or. as it is often calle.l, ' Difiuscd Inflammation," meaning '' the greater part or the whole, of the system has .. .ome involved. I Bhall quote so7iie remarks upon this suy))ect from a very eminent author, making them as plain as I can in order that tiiose not understanding technical terms may follow my meannig. InHammation may be considered as a blood disease, or rather, I may say, a disease of the blood vessels, and principally of the arterial ones; thus, in proportion as a part is more or less vascular,— that is to say, tliat the more arteries there are circulating in a part, the more liable that part will be to inflammation; and it might not be an erroneous idea of the subject if wo were to say that inflammation was an increase of the powei-s of life as regards the circulatory action of its blood vessels. I shall divide inflammation into four parts— Heat Swell- ing, Pain and Redness. Although in many cases, as regards the lower animals, we cannot with the naked eye detect redness on account of their having such a hairy 8kin, still in some parts of the body it is very plainly Eoen, such a»s in the mucous membrane of the mouth n.«tnls, or on the "conjunctival" membrane, commonly known as the white of the eye. This effect we know to bo occasioned by more red particles being circulated than natural m such parts as usually carry red blood, and by red globules being forced into such vessels, during the inflammatory state, a.s at other times carried only the colourless parts of the blood; as the transparent parts of s,mpt«,. the eye, which under inflammation are often seen blood- ' shot _ The swelling of an inflamed part is effected at first hy t=,is increase to the disteusioii uf its vessels within it Ab regards pain, or the sensibility of the parts, it does Division of intiamma- tion into four parti, • ! i Tr*alm*iit. EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. not depend upon the vascularity, or tiie number of vessels circulating in the parts, but upon the supply of nervous influonce. I shall not, in this little work, trouble my readers with all the numerous parts into which we divide inflammation, but simply say that it is divided into two —Acute or Sharp Inllammation, and Chronic or Slow Inflammatiun. The acuto wo tind principally in the brain or in the intestines, find as attacking all the soft tissues of the body. The chronic is that which goes on very slowly, generally found attacking bones, ligaments and tendons. Then, again, we have a healtliy and an unhealthy inllannnation. When a wound is inflicted into a muscle, heat, swelling and efl'usion take place, the result of which is either immediate union or granulations which finally restoi'o the parts. Unhealthy inflammation is v»hcn a parb cioes not readily heal, but discharges a f rulent matter, and forms into tumours, &c. In at- tempting to give any advice upon the treatment of inflammation generally, I shall say a tew words upon bleeding. This operation has for some time back been practised but litth;, yet in some cases where it has been resorted to early it has been found to have had marked success. For instance, where there is a superficial in- flannnation, scarilicatiou of the parts will have a very good effect ; yet it sliould be undertaken with great care and forethought, as a large artery may be cut and harm will ha])pcn. There ai'e common laws laid down which anyone woiild be safe in following, sucli as the application of cold water, refj'igerating lotions, and in some cases heat. Cold applications should be used when the inflam- .mation is superficial, and accompanied by only slight pain and throbbing. It tends to counteract the dilatations of the vessels, and imparts a tone to the surrounding tissues. Such treatment is especially good in the early stages of chronic inflammation, sach as in bone and in the lower organized tissues, as ligaments and tendons. Heat should be used when the inflammation affects a considerable surface, such as in cases of inflammation of the intestines or of the kidneys, &c. In these cases ho' applications will be found to have a good efiect. When cold water is used it must be kept up, or more harm than good will follow, as a reaction might ensue; and it is especially good in the small swellings often found upon the limbs of sheep and cattle. The treatment generally used is what we term antiphlogistic, which is a.°, fnllowf;: — Sometimes, when the case wananLS it, bleed- ing may be had recoui'se to, and when we do this we DISEASES OS THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. should make a good orifice in the vein, and blood flowing quickly gives a shock to the system, thereby tending to lessen the circulation. Purgative medicine should be used, such as aloes, in doses as much as an ounce ; and m speaking of aloes, I will now state that the Barbadoes aloe is tlie best to use in the veterinary practice, as it is the one most to be depended on as being the purest. A nice purgative drench may be made of the foUowuig : Barbadoea aloos 1 ounce. Powdered ginger 2 draclims. Nitiic ether i ounce. Water i pint. Melt the aloes in the boiling water, and when it is cold or nearly so, add the other ingredients. A bran mash should always be given before the administration of physic, and should be kept up so long as the iuflumma- tion is present. Then, again, sedatives are always useful both given internally and used externally. Internally' they subdue the action of the heart. I always use Flemming's tincture of aconite, in doses from six to ten drops, given every hour or so where the case demands it. The pain being great, and the inilammation extensive, anodynes, such as belladonna, opium, &c., may bo used externally with good effect. Hot rugs to the surfoco will ease where there is extensive internal inflammation, and stimulating liniments to the parts will be of great use. This general treatment will, in the majority of cases, ease the patient ; and in those cases where the symptoms seem only to be aggravated by all endeavours to ease, a veterinary surgeon should be called in. DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE OEGANS. IRRE(^ULAR TEETH. I shall in my description of the diseases attacking the Ma.tirUion organs of digestion, begin at the mouth, and make a few """"'''°"- remarks firstly on the teeth. We all know that the way a horse masticates his food is by grinding his molar or double teeth the one upon the other, and by so doinnr he pulps or masticates his food. When those teeth" are irregular this process must, as a natural consequence be !"^^.!'' ?'. °^P?'^"™f^ ^"* "-i-egular-ly. There is cnily Tr=.i«est, • rasping down until they are level. Ther e are rasps made on 10 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. purpose for this operation, and they are the only ones that HliouM },o nued, for tliey have tlio sides smoothed or rounrlcd olt so tliat the gnms arc not hurt by tlie opem- tion. After the operation tJie liorse sliould be koi't on soft food, and liave liis mouth well waslied out with some warm water with a little tincture of myrrh in it, to heal the parts that may be at all hurt by the operatio^ lonuu''' tJ ' "S''^'";?™ "^|^«" ««° ^^'li^t i«c-'^"ed "wolf's teeth." extracted, "^^eso are small teeth growing out of the gums upon the upper jaw, between the front and back teeth Thev should 1)0 carefully extracted, as they ofteii cause great irritation, and in some cases even the eyesight will be atiected. LAMFAS. HUtoryof This is a disease which by many men owning horses tn«a,soa.o. seems to be but little understood; that is to s,w, if we go at all by the way in which they treat it. In younjr horses wlule teething, and also in old horses, we lind the fii'st two ridges or bars at the back of the incisor or top teeth often inflamed, and this inflammation is termed the lampas. It may come on from several causes, either as the eff-ect of teething or that the alimentary canal mny oe out of order. By the " alimentary canal" 1 mean the whole course, from the mouth down the food- pipe into the stomach, and from there through the small and large intestines to the anus. When it occurs in old horses It IS often traced to this latter cause: and it is also found in horses that have been turned to grass, and brought suddenly to be stabled and have more nutritious food given them. The cause should always first be looked to carefully and tlien treated accordingly. When the gums are very much swollen they may be carefully lanced, and the mouth washed two or three times daily with a mixture of myrrh and water, and a dose of physic should be given. Keep tJie animal upon soft food, such as bran mashes lainlv s . roarked : The horse will stand with his neck stretJhed olv^ '' ""^^"■' and he keeps trying to swallow, and cannot; he will if Slh?r ^TT""' ''"^^ '^ ^'''^ *''™"gh hisnosti'ils w^ h a cor.gh ; then upon manipulation the lump can be felt If not too .low down. When an unbroken egg gets Btopped in Its downward course, the only thing, if it can be reached, is to break it by percussion eiternafly. Balls often cause choking, and also hard pellets of food Ihe first thing to be done when you have ascertained ■^.it the horse is choking, is to try elery i^med^T;;- "^""^•" power to move the lump with your hands. Then you sometimes will force the lump onwards. If this fail, IZ he still evinces uneasiness, then you must have rec;urse nhcStir T^ "' *".^' *° ^'y^""'^ f«™^ the pellet or pkced m tho mouth, and then tiie probang be put very quietly and gently down the throat, pushing gently It first agamst the obstruction. If you fiild that it will not 11 12 > t I CausM. Symptoms. Treatment. w \ EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIEn. move by a gentle pressure, do not use too mucli force as great injury is often tliercljy inflicted. Tlie walls of the pipe become lacerated or torn, and in these cases death often follows. In the majority of cases the obstruction will soon move onwards by gentle pressure, but where it IS quite immovftl)lo a qualified man will have to he called in to perform the operation of .-esophagotomy, or cutting the obstruction away from the pipe. This operation is easily performed in cattle, but in horses it sehlom answers. If It should be performed, and the horse appears to be doing well, feed liim on very sloppy thin gruel or mashes, and attend generally to his wants. CHOKING IN CATTLE. In cattle we often find this disease occur from the way in which they are fed. Bits of tui'iiip and beet will often cause the obstruction, but in the majority of cases we can get rid of it easily by the use of the probang. The symptoms shown by them when choking are as fol- lows :— The head stifi" on the neck and the nose protruded ; a great state of uneasiness will bo shown ; they keep try- ing to swallow, and cannot. Upon psissiiig the hand alou'r the course of the food-pipe externally, we soon find the obstruction if not too far down, and there is then no difB- culty in determining what is the matter. If this obstruc- tion is not quickly removed, the rumen, or paunch, begins to be very much distended with ga,-i, and the aniuial will soon show very gi-eat uneasiness indeed. In those cases where we find an inHation of the i)aunch, the fiist thing to do is to get rid of the gas by making an extcirnal orifice through the skin and into the paunch. There is an instrument made on purpose for tlus operation, called a canula and trochar. It is a sharp-pointed probe, covered with a sheath. This instrument is plunged, sheath and all, into the paunch, about a hand's breadth from the "pin bone " of the haunch, in a longitudinal direction towards the head, and then about a hand's breivdth down. As soon as the probe is in the paunch up to the hilt, with- draw it, leaving the sheath in it, so as to give vent to any gas that may escape. Having done this, put a gag in the mouth and pass the probang down the food-pipe, keeping the head of the animal as straight a,s possible. When you reach the obstruction, push gently against it— not too hard, or you will break through the walls of the pipe. If upon pressure you find that it will not yield, you must have recourse to tho. nprration as described in my remarks upon "Choking in Horses." Give afterwards, whether DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. I3 Sulphate of magnesia 1 pound. lovv.lered ginger 2 drachms. ^^"» g'-uel 1 .^uart. Keep tlio aninial on soft sloppy food for some daya. The wound made by punctunzig the rumen, or paunch INDIGESTION. In describing the difleront diseases of the digestive „ • com noniy n,et w,th in this country, and shall begin with what IS commonly known as indigestion. The very term Itself tells us what the disease is-" a non-di^^est^n'Tf material food taken there for the support of .Sa iffe '' lies on'piH T •^"'•''''? "^ ^''"'''' •'^'"' i* invariably cau.... comes on either by irregular feeding, by giviiur bad and SXr'^tVr '^ f '^ '"-^^ '^•^'^'^"'^ ^-- ^t --" ti- Wet and green food will sometimes bring it on, and when teZeZ ^""Vr '''''"'■ T'-,f>™P*-- of indigestion s,.pto.. lealpsoff .T; ^''' S'"''""^^ •^-^P^-^-^'^'^^ uneasiness, leases off eating, stamps a good deal, looks at his sides protrudes his nose, and has cold sweats. These go on for «ome time, and he then gets stupid and dull. " He will iL 2 '""T'^^f •'« ^^n'^ o" J'i« «i^le without moving tlien get up, he do^vn again, and so on. When a horse |s suflernig badly from this disease he seldom kstsr; long The disease soon runs to a fatal termination. must'bT'l' ^ '"^''^ ^'''' ^°"''^ ^'^'^''^ y«"l- patient Tre«tm„t must be had recourse to as quickly as possible. A good SI- ' ^^^''^"^^^^"'g drench must be given at once, Barbadoes aloes 1 ^^^^^ f,?lT^"" -'^ ganger 2 drachms. Sulphuric ether 1 ounce. Carbonate of soda 4 drachms. W'^*^'- 1 pint. The aloes should be dissolved in the water when boU- Sed nZJ^'^'l 'f! /''" ''^''' ing-e'lients should be added. Clysters should be given every half hour or so and every means should be used to make the boweSJ ^°JL ,^' '°r f :^ou have accomplished this, and the pmcnt s.rm.s to be getting better, feed him on soft food sparingly to begm with. Give him a gentle tonic once a u KVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. day such as a little sulphate of iron and ginger, say a drachm of each, carefully watching the bowels that they do not constipate. This will give tone to the system Prevention it is said, is better than cure, and it is very true ; for if you take good care of your hoi-se, an.l never over-feed him, he will scarcely ever have indigestion, feed him regtilarly on good sweet food, and he, on his T}^ '^"'"^ *^"* ''''" reasonably bo expected COLIC, OR "GRIPES." !iu"n«ir°' 'T^i^ *^i3ease we see a great deal of at certain times of the year, and more especially in the spring and fall ; and It is a disease which, if not very proi)erly and promptly treated, will soon run on to inflammfition of the bowels and the horse will die. It may be brought on from dif- tcrent causes, such as an over-feed of oats, or a draught ot water while too hot, and many other causes HjBptom.. The symi)toms of the disease are these : The hoi-se will curve ins tail, look round at his flanks, throw himself down very violently, and groan occasionally. The i)ulse will run up as higii as 100 })eats per minute while the spasm lasts, the breathing will bo accelerated; but directly the spasm is over, then both the pulse and the breathing return to their normal state. Cai-e must be taken to watch the diflerence in the symptoms between this dis- ea.se and inflammation of the bowels, as if the latter were Treatment, treated for colic, great jiar.,; and even death would be likely to ensue. The treatment that I would advise would be as follows :— If taken in the early stage, and the horse be in good condition, I would bleed, not to a great extent, but enough to alter the pulse. I would then give the following drench ; Linseed oil j pjjjj; Siiirits of turpentine 2 ounces. S|iirits of nitric ether. . 1 ounce ' Laudanum i ounce! Give this, and rub the belly well with a hard bunch of straw. If in an hour or so the symptoms do not seem to abate, throw up a good warm clyster of soap and water and give the following drench : Flemming's tiuct. of aconite . . 10 drops Tinct. opium i ounce. Warm water 8 ounces. In the majority of instances this treatment will suffice, but where it seems to frustrate all your endeavoui-a, then Jill 16 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORQANS. a vetorinaiy mirgoon sl.ould be called in, as there would be a t(Mi(l..i.cy to inflainnmtiou of the bowela. After the atttick has (li.sai.j.ear...l, th<5 horso should be well wu.shed and a sliylit dose of physic should bo given. INFLAMMATION OP THE BOWELS. Tho same causes that produce colic will produce this Can,... disease, and the symptoms of it are very much tho same as colic, with some exceptions. The horso, instead of Symptom., throwing himself down violently, lies down with groat care, and up(,n i)ressure upon the walls of his belly he wdl grunt and give evidence of pain. The eye will bo very much infected or reddened, and also the luembranea lining the nostrils. Tl.e breathing will become much quicker a.s well as the pulse, and the.se svmptoms will con- tmue ^ylthout any abatement. Tho pulse will gradually get quicker and weaker, till at last it is almost impei^ ceptible. The bowels refuse to move at all, and the hor.se 18 very dull an.l stupid. When he beghis to be insensible to everything around him, an.l seems to throw himself about ill despair, then a fatal termination may be ex- pected ; but when the dullness appears to wear off' and the bowehs begin to move, then you may have more hoiie of your patient. The treatment I would advise is as fol- ows :--As soon as you are quite sure as to the symptoms Treatment, being those of mtlamination of the bowels, and when the pulse has not risen over GO beats per minute, you may bleed to the extent of four or five quarts ; but as .soon as he appears to get stupid and weak, vou must never bleed or you wil only kill him. In the early stage, afte; having bled, give this drench : ^ o , ^""^"T^ -■: 1 drachm. 1 owdeml opnim 1 , the sluice* gates of tho camd, and the offondincr matter is thus washed onwards." This is the most com- mon cau.'^e of diarrluca ; but there are others. Then he goes on to say that " there are many causes producing diarrlKoa, such as i. too great quantitv of green succulent food nru\ such like ;" also that "diarrhoea is apt to show Itself m inflammation of tho lungs, and in several diseases. It may often come on from a weakened state of the intes- tinal canal." T() treat this disease in order to gain success, the cause " should bo first discovered, and when removed, the disease will abate as a consequence. For instance, if some offend- ing substance hius boon taken into the stomach, and diarrha«a comei on, then a mild dose of physic should be given to work it off— and so, by removing the offending . body, the symptoms iibate, ar'l the parts recover their normal state. If it should come on from weakness, then stimulants and astringents would be advisable, such as one ounce of ginger and gentian in a pint of ale. Give this iiilil mSEABKS or THE DIGESTIVE OROANS. 17 once a day. Should tlieio appear to bo much straining, and the IjowpIh emi)ty, thou give quo ouneo of laudanum with tho al)ovo drouch. (Jhaiigo tiio food, and give good nutritiouH hay, with i few oatH. Take great care not to overload tho stomach, or you may produce juat the con- trary effect. CONSTIPATION. Constipation is of very frpquont occurrouce. Tt is liable c«u«m to come on at any time if tho .system is at all out of order. The horse is very liable to it; and slioidd it lust any length of time, the symptoms shown would very much ros'Mnble tho.se of colic, with tiie exception that they would be con- tinuous. The treatment I would advise is, that clysters of Treatment warm soap and water, with a little linseed oil, \m tlirown up every half hour or so. Give u good dose of jjliysic, aa follows : Barbadocs aloes 7 (l/achms. Spirits of nitriu ether 1 ouuue. Calomel l drachm. Give this in a pint of warm gruel, and feed on warm mashes both before and after. It will soon be seen whether the constipation be due to a torpid or sleepy state of tho bowels, or whether there be a stoppage in the course ; and if this should prove the case, then when back mking has been tried with no success, a veterinary Burgeon should be consulted. INFLAMMATION OF THE LINING MEMBRANE OF THE BELLY. The symptoms of this disea.se are very like those of Syn.,! ,in«. inflammation of the bowels, with tho exception that they are not so acute. The treatment is the same, only that a mild dose of physic may be given. This disease does not run its course quite so quickly as inflammation of the bowels, therefore a longer time is given for treatment. Treatm.nt. A great deal may be done in this disease by hot fomen- tations to the belly, and in the early stages bleeding freely will be of great use. It if generally a sequel to external wounds, and will sometimes come on after cer- tain operations. BOTS AND WORMS IN HORSES. In writing this article, I cannot do better, I think, than Causes and take bota and worms together as existing in the stomach °"*'"' and intestines of the horse, and in doing so I shall treat them ail under one head. We know that bota are found 2 f .'■ f'K t ! Htment. *• KVEBy MAH HIS OWN FAHRIER, to some oxtont in nearly (i rv linrnn ...„i t i oi..n.d any ,.o.e aft.. .Ltl Ji,t:i.^ It r"; Bton.a, I. ;i hem .« no , i„t...f,.rinK ••..nsi.l,.r.il.lv w U. h„ an.l in Homo ciwoh i.rodueo L'ripii,,, ..ains An • / autJ.o.. ha„ written I v.n^ kI^o.I "l^ii ^^ , ^^^ ^^ ami J... rm,nnn..n.lH that tl.roo .Iradnn.s t-a.Vof^ .Ch a.id asHaf. .,1a l,o rul,!..! .lown in Lot water, ,1 wl^w tl mt an ounco o>uU ..f turpentine and nitric ether 1. , added TluH ,loHo IH to 1,0 Kiven t^vo or three Umon a weekT.Tl« theannnal iH fanting, watehinj. the howols a tho t n L that they do not heeonu- too Iouho. (Jf conrJ .r, ,?/' n^UHt 1.0 taken of the anin.al while «nlr U iTt? . te'r I have always worke.l „,,on the al.ovo treat nnt and can speak well of n.y HueceHH. I Hhouhl r,.c.on | t^^ where worn.H are suspectod tr, exist, one pint of Le^d oil he added to the above cheniicaln instead of water Xr enough has been put to n.elt the aloen and asJeUd. ' INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. This is a disease we do not very often see in horsos altliouKh m some aged ones we oelionally faU in S It Ihe symptoms are, tl,. I the visil.le mucous men 1 1-™ are of a yellowish colonr, and also the skin. By h "v sible mucous membranes, I mean to the inside of Uie mouth ana shmy I have always found tliat goixl doses of physic and saline draughts are the best to rive keTninJ the horse upon soft feed at the time. A.f r'nile S treatment wx 1 answer; but should an animal succumb to then flf„ f- . fi ^>«^«^'«-. this disciuso passes .,way then the patient wdl require great care, and gentle to3' S in :n?r" *^T7 '-"''^'''^ ^^^' HutSs f'od given m smaJl quantities. . OMASITIS, OR mFL \MMATION OF THE T^j.-n STOMACH IN THE OX '^^'a/e. p,S' V.'^^'r ''T'^ t*'"' ''"^ i" -'"''•h the food is pre- pared for digestion. The internal lininc membrine7« arranged m a leaf-like fom. The inge^taoz food lies between these leaves in very thin layoi^ and is YnnnJf ^ys, "these leaves grind tlfe food, to'^enable ii to mss to f r^.;^ri::i:s:^^" ^-^- «™onds,K^^ Sjrmptonn, Treatment, •>yaJ :'.'..Uege ii, England, does not agree with this theory. (-,.^ RICH. 'Ill') r havo novrr lading Noiiin in his thocggH (,f tho.lly imiirH ton^iio, und si(lciiil)|y witli the minml voryniuch, inH, An cniiiu'nt I on this Kul.jc'ct, t'licli of (ilocH nnd T, tmd whon cool •ic ether )h) added. noH a week, while wois ,tll tlio time coni-Ko, /,r|-o,it care I' tliis tieatnient. 3 troatnient, and n'foninicnd tliat e pint of linseod id of water, after id ussafetido . VER. II Hoe in horses, Uy fall in with TOus niejnliranes . By tho visible B of the mouth, F a daik colour, ; good (loses of o give, keeping As a mle, this nal succumb to > soft and very passes cway, d gentle tonics lutritious food HE ''"Tj ■ ■ he food is pre- memljrane is a, or food, lies nd, as Youatt it to pass to nonds, of the ih. this tlxeory. DISEASES OP THE DIOESTIVB OKOANS. 19 It is the most vascular— that is tu s«y, the mast full of bloo' watei-T- « f^ "if Btate of the body; loss "^f appetS ; sta7nreo^t Of course, the worse the cold is, the wors^ the symptoms wSf Ll SSr; . ^!l^S^ ^^^ -^" beXaTd^ MHaMMii RIER. nd small quantities to help open the 36 where you have n with, never stop !i little, as it ia ? substance within ure of what is the 1 pound. \ pound. i to 4 ounces. '■ quart. ies several times nil of molasses ia cases very early, 1, we may bleed; never try it after- ost. Clothe him 'ut will not be of em to be abating nay expect a re- to last, then an be expected. W THEIR isease as attack- ng, I cannot do ion cold in the ig of nearly all are numerous: warm blankets 5 ; badly venti- ting him stand are a hundred a severe cold. A mucus runs ty; a feverish ■ing coat. Of symptoms will J cold, and the DISEASES OF THE LUNG3 AND THEIR APPEKDAGE3. 21 The fii-st thing to do in the treatment will be to remove Treatmeut. the cause, keeping the animal in a well-ventilated stable. Give a nice warm bran mash with a little flaxseed in it ; steam the nostrils by putting a quantity of boiling water in a pail and hay on the to{). The animal will pick over the hay, and the steam will act as a fomentation to the nostrils. If the bowels are costive, give a mild dose of physic, and one ounce of nitrate of potach in its water daily ; keep the nostrils well sponged out ; clothe the animal warmly ; bandage the legs, and hand rub the ears well. Sore throat is a general accompani- ment of a bad cold, and the same treatment applies to it as to a cold, with the exception that the throat will have to be blistered, or some stimulating liniment will have to be used externally, to counteract the inflannnation going on internally. Good nursing and attention to the general comforts of the animal are all requii'ed to cure a cold, as a rule. BRONCHITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE MEMBRANE LINING THE WINDPIPE. This very often follows a bad cold with a sore throat, Symptoms. and the symptoms are very much the same. On placing the ear along the coiu'se of the windpipe and at the fi'ont of the chest, a kind of rustling noise will be heard and the breathing will be laboured. The pulse will at first rise, and then after a day or so will fall very much, great weakness being evinced. But it is very often not noticed until it is too late to take it in its earliest stage. It generally has been in the system some two or three days before it is noticed, and then depletive measures are of no use— we must have recourse to stimulants. One ounce Treatment. of spirits of ammonia and nitric ether may be given two or three times a day ; and should the cough prove very troublesome, then a ball made up of the following may be given twice or thrice in the day, until the symptoms appear to be relieved : Carbonate of ammonia .... 1 drachm. Camphor 1 draclim. Extract of belladonna .... 1 drachm. Good nutritious but soft food should be given, and a blister be put upon the throat and along the course of the windpipe. The animal should be put in a well-ventilated, cool stable, and kept well clothed ; the bowels should be kept regular ; but great care must be taken that an oppo- site state of tliincrs to constipation does not set in, a-s in all these diseases it is rather hard to check. If there 33 Causa. ! SymptoDu. Troatment. Symptoms uxi cause. s^ap and'^^ter^^^^^^^^ then warm miM doseof phys/c given ?„ppJ , 'r^^*? "P' ^"^J ^ very '^^th great Lx,tion^'''Jj,t ablvl' %^"V* ™"«* ''^^^^^ mended by Finlay Dunn It ir^^ tmatment is recom- College of England, an "t is tl.l "''\','' *^^ Veterinary used for mauyyeux^^ZtL'?'^"T^ ""^t I have mysej It as being thehest'ZslJ^'Z^^^''''^^^^^ to m this disease. ^ *^''* "^^ ^'^n have recourse CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS. niation present. The ZZl Z ^l '*?^''^' '''^^ "« inflam- has taken a violent old arXw^ML*'^'*^ *^- -^^^l or that it ],as been ,>ut 1!^ Zl • "''"^^ "P^" »ts hmgs • in too low a oo^XlTi^J':::''-'^'^' ''-"geith ; come surcharged witS b oo^T Thif- ' '"'' *^^ ^""S« ^e- pnncipal symptoms are rboure^ '' .r^^^*'""- The of the animal ar-e stretched wll '^^■"''*'""& the elbows the hemi protrudes andll!, ^ ^^P'^rt and turned out «mamal dies from" pros t ^L "n /""r "'"^^ °"' «^ ^^^^ advise that a good stinwL "'^^'"^ ^*' ^ should tours, such af one Zee td! T 'ST'^ ^""^^ °^ *^o ether in a jnnt of warm 'le Th '",''''""« ""d nitric circulation^o become "or: nuS'l^f/^r' *^ '^•"'^^ *^« be so overloaded; that is ' '« I ?, *^ V""^'« ^'^^ not quicker through then When tW r ^^""^ ^^" "^^^e gentle tonics may be give^ " i 'J-"^'"* li'^^^^'^^^' then little exercise all will bTwel'l. ^""'^ "^''^ ^"^ a INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS To descnbe this disease in fnll i, • mortem appearances and detniH ' '^-'^''"^ **" '^' Post take up too much sp J f. Jh s Itl? 'I' '"^"^''^' ^^«»^d only the principal symptoms S a 1.! , '^ ' '" ^ ^^" ^^e available means by wh ch Thev^an >> '^^ "'""'"' ^"^ *^« mation of the lungs SneTmeTfrn ^"''''*'^- ^^^'^'n- throat, and as a sequel to h^ l^ "' ^^^^""^ ««Jd«. sore the lungs ; but at'^rslme ttnt^Sw"' ""^^^"^" «^ these diseases having precede Ht o, Tk ™? °" "^^^h""* i i tipation, then warm ■own up, and a very 'ut It must be given '•eatinent is recom- I m the Veterinaiy that I have myself roughly recommend 3 can have recourse JNGS. Jcammation of the t'lf, with no inflam- H, that the animal ed upon its hings; rtion, being either and the lungs be- congestion. The Jiiiig, the elbows t and turned out, •acted. Tlie pulse comes on, or the ^"ig it, I should 'ery one or two Hiric and nitric ond to cause the e lungs will not. )lood will move It recovers, then ood care and a ng all its post sequels, would ; so I will give ^ cases, and the iated. Inflam- ere colds, sore congestion of ne on without ■ I might say, ce of either of 'ngs are : the ad protruded. DISEASES OP THE LUNGS AND THKIB APPENDAGES. 23 and the nostrils very much inflated. The animal will scarcely ever lie down while this disease is present, as his lungs are too sore. With the ox this is quite the reverse : he will lie down all the time. It gives him ease, as his breast bone is differently shaped to that of the horse. His pulse will be very high and weak, and the breathing will be very much quickened and very laboured. He will have a hard, dry cough, evincing much pain in the action. The bowels will be very easily acted upon, so that great care must be taken not i,o produce diarrhoea. If the bowels should be at all constipated, clysters of warm soap and water should be thrown up. The first thing to do in treating this disease is to bleed Treatment; freely, if you can get it at the first onset, the pulse being full and oppressed ; but when, as is generally the case when we are called in, it is weak and quick, then, bleed- ing would only huiTy on a fatal termination. Sedatives may be given, such as Flemming's tincture of aconite, 10 drops, with a drachm of opium ; this dose may be repeated every two or three hours, until the pulse begins to lessen and the mouth gets more moist and cool — in fact, until the fever present in the system begins to abate. Clothe the animal up warmly, put a good blister on the sides of the chest, and bandage the legs with good flannel ban- dages. Laxative food must be given, as bran mashes, . .t ^® S''^'^* t^ing to be Theauthor I anrquotrJsa^st:^^^^^^ T' "'"^ *^^ ^^'-t" ten gallons thrown out^and I 0!^ 5' ^.' '''^ "« ^"^'^ ^ have seen it con.e awa; b^ bucketsl^r' "^^^^^^ ^ the same as would brin^r on fnfl? ! ^'^^ ^«"«es are The animal should fe nLe.I ™™^*'n" "^ '^^ ^»"g«- Btable, and bled to he ext nt o/'' ' ^^""^^"ti^^ted, any "ntil the pulse begins trill* -V?'" ^" "'^''^ q"'^ri:s-l ^hen the pulse istt 70 or then /i. ^"" '""^^ "°* ''^^^^ coming on showing effusion nr^l .''' ''"" ""^ symptoms thrown out. PnvLliZX'^-''- *^^^* ^^^^^r is about to be four drachms oTifrZZfT ""''^1"' ^'^'^^ -^ *hree or ether, and clysters of w^tjnSd'w'; ^^'""^^ ^^ "i*ric «P as well. Ten drons of Fl ^ T""*^^ "'^^^ be thrown Bhould be given ev ThoL oT ^^'^-^^^^ he pulse and the action ^f the l? V '* T" ''""^ ^^^^ w water in the chest ?hen .H Jf *! f ' '"^'^ «« *here and diuretics, or thinl/S '*f "'""-'^ should be given be given to ial* ' rthf^^d "^Th *'' '^'"^^^' '^^"^ advised in these cases-lthat "^-^ "^.'"-^^ ^P«^'^«on between the seventh and the elev; Jr'l"""»" '^' «hest ^ater. As soon as the Ctldt? ">u*° ^'^ «"* ^he painful and the animal getTnilei?,! *'' ^' ^^**"'o 'ess ynth mild tonics and SefiJ? t' *\'^ ^*:"*^^ ^^«'-«i«e. these are always hard cates to tr;arTs^ ,^""^ '' '"* «^ if the animal is worth it thpf 1 V ""^'' ^commend, be consulted. ' *''^* "^^'^^^''^l authority should CHRONIC COUGH. lungs." The1:?y;Xentnor*/-^T^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ laxative mediciife, kT^S^h! bnt I''?'^ ^'' '' '' *« ^^^^ ^^i^ster the throat! and^l tsKlltn^l^S^i^ PARRrER. irks of my own. He ost all severe cases of 'ungs, and occasionally J'ering, hot mouth, and he nose; disinclination landcorded pulse; an ned, shallow, careful rawing in of the air Jlten accompanied by the belly tucked up: n ; percussion of the •applied to the chest fie great thing to be out into the chest." lias seen as much m '' the same myself; I nil. The causes are -tion of the lungs. I'ell-ventilated, airy n or eight quarts— ^ou must not bleed 3 are any symptoms ^ater is about to be be given : three or h spirits of nitric Iter may be thrown tincture of aconite ' will bring down As soon as there should be given le kidneys, should ' IS an operation ;turing the chest ^bs, to let out the to be gettinr- less n gentle exercise, e given ; but as 3uld recommend, iuthority should* es affecting the for it is to give se ail the time. t suffice, insorfc DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND THEIR APPENDAGES. a seton. Firing has been advised, but I consider the actual cautery too severe a remedy to use in such cases. Sedatives, such as belladonna, given every day, are good. A very good ball is made by mixing — Extract of belladonna 1 drachm. Camj)hor 1 drachm. Houey 4 drachms. Give this every dav for a little while and the cough will soften in some cases, but in others all treatment seems to be of but little avail, and the cough will last us long as the animal lives. ROARING, WHISTLING AND WHEEZING. The principal cause of these diseases is paralysis of the Cau»8. laryngeal nerves, or the nerves that sui)ply \lie muscles of the larynx with nerve force. Tlie larynx is that box, so to speak, in the throat through wliich the wind has to pass on its way into the lungs. This, I say, is a very common cause of these diseases ; yet, at the same time, they may come on from a variety" of other causes, such, for instance, as the injudicious use of the bearing or check rein. Tlie head is often checked up so high that the larynx in time becomes deformed, and, of course, then constricted, the breathing, as a natural consequence, being interfered with. The methods often used for the curing or stopping of crib biting may cause this disease, such as the putting of a tight strap round the throat. This will cause a stricture, and, in many instances, paralysis. The ways by which we can detect an iinimal subject to these diseases are numerous. A horse may be a ' bad roarer, and yet, while he is in the stable, ho will not show any symptoms whatever of the disease ; but take him out, put him to any violent exercise, and you will be well able to judge for yourself Then, again, if you press slightly ni)on his throat, he will give a long, protracted cough. These diseases exist in several degrees : some- times only slightly, sometimes very violently— the latter in chronic cases more especially. Horses of high stature, long legs, long curved necks, and narrow-chested hoi-ses, are the ones most prone to these diseasen. In the chronic form we cannot hope for any cure what- Treatmeni ever, but when we are called to see it in its early stage we have a great-^r chance of helping it. We often find these diseases as sequels to bad attacks of lung disease and bronchitis, aad sometimes they are the result of a Budden fright. Of course, in these latter cases we have 25 How to de- toct tlio diseaae. 26 Hiitory of the (Jiseaae, Why so called. ■Nature of the diaease. I i Causal. a good diance to alleviate +h. do a great deal. ^ *^^'"' ^^ quietness will then the'Lf t:re."tftfeTs;:h"''{,*'" -"Phlogistic is pven The very bestlay ^1 f ^ran mashes, ^nust be be taken that the animaUuSn^, "''''' ^"'^ '^'^ ^^^i ^.^nianj of them havr^ost " 1 "'^^ ^^* ^^^ li«er, yill eat all their bedding X:Vdo^T, ''^^'^^''- The^ damage. "^' ^^"^ doing themselves material J THE HEAVES «orne idea of what the diselse i7^ ^'J' "^ ''^^^'^ and by what means it can be aM T \* ^%b^«"g'>t on. term commonly given toZ dLlf ''*'''• ^ *J>'"k the n fact, no better name could bTf '^ ^^^^ysood one- that a horse is « heavey '' "r h,s S""e heaves can be 'ver seen a cure give my readers It IS brought on, •d. I think the very good one— . 'or wJien we say avfs," sve mean ■ giving us some ' first looking at ' It is — -whether vvhether it is a !ie lungs being subject arose in ngland, and it oughly investi- post mortem ^is done, and which every nd very great !?reat secret of de tlieuiselves id the causes ^•ed digestion, due to a long tement is as 3rlect health, egularly and 1 to another o feeds him ■, while the « to having gularly; he DISEASES OP THE LUNGS AND THEIR APPENDAGES. was used to getting a certain amount of nourishment from a certain amount of food, and \t being of a good quality, he would not have to eat a very gi'cat quantity to obtain a httle nourishment ; in other words, he was fed with food that was easily digested. Well, now let us look at him with the second owner. He now has to eat three times as much coarse, bad hay, to obtain perhai)s half as much nourishment ; the food has to be longer in his stomach to be digested, and it is more in bulk. What is the consequence? The stomach becomes distended to an enormous size, and presses upon the muscles covering the abdomen or belly. They cannot act as before, under such pressure, so they become partially paralyzed, thereby requiring more force to expel the air from the lungs than what they are callable of doing. To prove n.y statement further, I shall have to show how the air is taken into the lungs, and in what way the muscles of the belly— or, as they are more properly called, the muscles of respira- tion—act upon them. We all know that there are two roads by which the air can get into the windpipe, and from thence to the lungs. This i)ipe or tube, when it gets into the chest, divides off into two branches, one goine ki.ow the buii Hfito of 1 ?i f '''°"'''''' a* it ^'hen we -"-!« of re^^^^t^ tr £'""*« *^-^-««^^ [""•alvHis the breatlnn/ becomes ". ' '"}'" ^'^ ^'■'''^^ hirJv performed soth.^?!, • ^ hiboured and irreLm- ment, that in tl o nS/o'i^*''"''''?'^'^^' l»-»v^ j^bout by a diseased Se-o? the ^b r '"'' " ^^ ^'-""^'J^* hrst se-t off, and tbat tluf lu^s s„^ ' "'^'^"^ "^ ^^^ So far. then Ih^iv^^l ^'^ ^'"" '" consecni.nce -; -Kl 1 wiJl\{ot;-:::;:^f.f--*"- of 'the disease «■ Ion, and protracted Z^ ^Sj'T^'f ^^^I^^oms : Pendulous beljy ; a frreedv .' n.. •! ^'^ti'lf^cy ; a very oostiveness; tlJ^'auS^.i;^* to 'V^" "^^^'^ '^^^^ <^ hislungs--hencetlmterm^C ',?!., ^'^'-^^^ «'« air from ■ ■^'"' ''/■'^'-'^fe cm also be brought Tri-atiiioiit. on by long and bad Th.s 'd n ''? ^^'° '^^ ^'^'o^'ht tempers, and by over-lS'V i '''^'''' ^'^ "^^lected dis- as I said l>efore: I b^Ji™"i:'f '^l'««"'-« *« -old; but, on hy irregular 'feedin.^d i^TjT^ ''''' ''''' '^^•°"gh A though we cannot are tlfr '"^^^''^Seu^ent. allevmte it to some extent !ndf '''T' ^"* ^« °a° management that we can do^ ^t i« only by judicious «yn,ptoms that the bowels .t Ine f ^' ''' '^^ '"^^ wo must feed on soft food T P'.*'"^*" '^'ostiveness ; then ^^c. ; scalded oats and btleTZT"^ '''''' '' ^-^^^-^> all times bad. A dose of W^-^ hotn good ; hay is at of great benefit D^ not' et'^r T''' '^'^^^on.Uy^in he t"ne; it is better to give it ""'V''*'' ^' ^^^'^'^ "* one «o as not to overload^ie stomach ^f*^**^^' '"^"^^ '^''^> eat his litter, p„t a mLle T t" V' ^""^^^n^^d to «aw.lust. In ihe sun^mer month. '' f ^''^'' ^""^ ^ith will "^'"^"*' -^"d^he to the state of the diJelTe I,"'/ "^'°1'^^""g ^^'^^ work «aBes; and if the ^^^^f^Cl^!' fr '"^ *^^«« considered when a differed ^L ^ ^ ^"'"'^^^ '^"i^^al are hope that it is ignomnr T -iP"''""'^' ^ '^ould cruelty, that dictates^ ! '"^ "''*^'^ ^^stinacy nor tlKR. hat the blood now sre in tho lungs, '"•i^'Jit red. Now, ise, wo find taal we find the little at it when we the hinga ? The state of partial 'I'ed and irregu- ito an unhealthy ' prove my state- ves " is brought e oi-gans in the onsequt^nco. re of the disease ipal syin]jtoms : I'ency; a very Jowels prone to •" the air from also be brought ' neglected dis- e to cold ; but, ies are brought 'agement. '■> yet we can by judicious Ve see by the ^veness; then 'h as mashes, flj hay is at onally will be given at one es, and often, J inclined to erhim with r green food se directions etter of the TO his work stressing to nt, and the ? the work ^e in these animal are i, I should tinacy nor DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND THEIR APPENDAGES. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNG8 IN CATTLE. 29 Tho causes producing this diKoaso in cattle are the ,, same as in hones, so that it will bo needloH.s for mo to ""*' give them now. I HhaJl immediately begin with the symptoms. An animal aiieoted with this disease will be STn.pto,... touiul, in tho early part of the morning, to be separated Irom tho rest of the herd. It will get in some .sheltered spot until the day begins to advance, and then it will mix with tho herd, but towards night again it will sepa- rate as before. In the second stage of the disease, the ox will become very dispirited, stan.iing with the head in a line with the body, husking and breathing verv heavily and coughing. It will almost loathe its food. 'Upontlie Bhghtest motion or exertion, it will cough a short husky kind of cough. We should, on examining an animal, percuss the chest, and listen to the sound emitted. If the lung is perfectly liealthy, there will be a hollow, drum-hke sound ; and when the lungs are affected, the sound will be as if some solid structure has been hit. The sound emitted upon striking the left side of the chest in a healthy animal will be more hollow, always, than on the right side ; so both sides should be carefully percussed. If, in this disease, you apj)ly your ear to the sides of the chest, you will get a crepitating or crackling Bound j if, upon putting your ear behind the arms of the ox, you hear a puffing or blowing sound in the bronchial tubes, you have then one of the most marked symptoms of the disease. In every advanced stage of this disease, the expiration will be accompanied with a kind of grunt. The horse, when under this disease, will scarcely ever lie down ; but tho ox always iloes, on account of the bottom of the breast bone being more flat than that of the horse. As day after day goes on, we see that all these symptoms get severer ; diarrhoea sets in, and the rumen, or paunch, gets hoven or blown. When we see these symptoms, we may be sure that the animal is succumbing to the diser.se ; the pulse is rapid and very weak ; the extremities, the horns and ears are cold, and the muzzle dry ; the chest will be somewhat enlarged, and if pressure is had recourse to on tho right side, the animal shrinks : thus giving evi- dence of pain. At the commencement of this malady we scarcely ever find a painful expression of the eye, but aa the disease goes on this expression becomes very marked. The general duration of this disease is from five to six days, but some cases last out three weeks, and an animal recovering from it must do it at the expense of a portion 30 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. Caunes, Tre.tm.nt, of its lu„«. Nature must co.nmerioo tJ.o cure, and we can o,.Iy h.,Ij, h.v. In a confirnHul oa.se of ,.lo na „eT, go..(l, hut >t you can hoo it in its very ih-nt ntn^n' tlien- take away bIo„,l from tl.o vein in tl.; r.ock umi'l you ha e an .. t„ratum ,n the pulse. But in one caHe wjS you ca . l,lee.l, y,,,. w,ll s.,. Hfty where you ,)are not As t^. n,.|pna a«entH a little nli^I.t HalineSvperiont may to ifVlin .. . ^"'.'*"'*'' " ""•' ^"^■" 'i"y 'M"''-i,.nt medicine-for .^ ; •■\'";"'"<'";'-.y-' -''• J'^ve ..reat trouble in No.pii.K It _ -hut n.e,lu,.uu.« that act sli).htly upon the 1 hi"; " f "^ ''"' ""."'""'^^ '"''I "i*''^^^"" "^" f-t ■^"' -^ a ; ; r: ' '"""■?,"* "''*'' "'"~^fe.si>iritsof a n.nonia. A.s ,soon as the animal aeem.s at all relieved pv turpentine, and in thin, of course, you must he SS by he symptom.s. The nitrates, sulphates and carl J, e. ofHodaorput,.,Hharo the medicines to which you ust cW; nnd when you find that your case is dohg Tl then you n.ust have recourse to vegetable tonics md well nurse your patient. A blister nmy be put pon 'he Wlum it has once sliown itself in a herd, it is srenerallv Hpoak.n. rather hard to arrest. We ough , n^ZS pl|.«S <. take away all the animals that htv ,' een heiS with he .hscased ones, and place them by tLemse'ves in Sv^ti:;;;: luT' ^r, *;'*'"^ - good, Ltritio^r^od" as as I ' f't^ dose of aperient medicine, such VOMITION IN CATTLE. meTwmf ?;. k' *''° "1, ""{ ^"™^*^"g' i'^ ^'-^"l^ i« often a^l 1 ' " ;f «'^"''"" '-^ ^^-^^'S^'t «" ft--" «o'ne foreign afe( nt I euig m the paunch ; water will sometimes .use it fourth r "r' f '"f ''^'''''' ''■ ^^'^' -i" ^-turn fr^m the back t Ir h T,"' ^ .^.^^^ ^^° *^^*'^*' i* ^^«"1'» 1^-ve'to pass oick thiough the third and second, which Professor 18 solely Iron the pauncli that vomition occurs Foreim ugeii s are often found in the rumen. Professor SimoS b Hnr'le" r'r^*^"" "^-^ ^°""'l ----- tlnm- appetite had been previously very depraved. Preventivo Jiieasurus. cure, and we of lilnuiii pnou- in« would l)eno fii-Ht Htngf, tJien- Hock until you om erne wJiore u iliirn not. As IxMifiit niiiy be )ut if no consti- ; niodicinH — for [•cat trouble in fhtly ni)ou the i of potash, and rriatio .spiritH of at all relieved, nust be guided and carbonates lich you niusi 1 is doing well, le tonics, and ) put ujwn the • reduced exter- it is, generally It, in the lirst " '■ ' yen herded tLemselves in tritious foodj edicine, such rv it u]) with 1 prevent the ttle is often some foreign nies .aise it. urn from the uinch, and is have to pass !h Professor 3 says that it rs. Foreign sor Simonds issoi-s, thim- ss where the DISEASES OP THE LUNGS AND THEIR APPENDAOES. .11 Vomition is principally brought on from tlie prenence of some nietrdlii! Hulwtance within the jiaunch. Hits of wire, or pins, will get taken into the paunch and into tlio seconil stomach, which being like a honeycomb inside, they will break some of the small partitions in it, tiius hindering it from performing its proper functions ; and this second stomach being so closely allied to the first, or paunch, that the function of the i)au'.ich becomes altered. The ox vomits a great deal ut a time, oven as much as a pail full. It draws its legs back, arches its back, and von.its ; symptom-, after tl-.s action it will appear better, until anotluu- fit comes on. We may give aperient medicine, ami it should be that Treatment. which would act directly on the rumen, or pa ich,' and not on the fourth stomach or the intestines, ah it might do considerable harm. Aloes conjoined with ginger, in the form of a ball, should be given in cast>s where you 'uspect some foreign agent to be in the paunch ; but where you think that it comes on from bad food, or .some such nauseating thing, then you must give sedatives, such as an ounce of huKhmum with ten drops of Flomming's tincture of aconite in it, with a pint of gruel, so as to quiet the system; nurse your patient, change its diet entirely, avoid giving much water, and attend to the state of the l)owels. This is the best treatment I can advise, and if followed out, you will not have much trouble with these cases. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. This is a disease we often see in horses, and it is gene- cause, rally brought on by injuilicious management, such as a sudden exposure to cokl, feeding upon bad hay, &c. I have often seen it brought on from a horse havin'^ stood where water has dripped upon his loin, over the'region of the kidneys. This is a very common cause of inflam- mation of the kidneys ; but still other causes, such as sprains, &c., will bring it on— such as the too free use of cantharides and diuretics, or things that act upon the kidneys. The principal symptoms attendant on the disease are, Kvmnt,„n« that the urine is voided in small quantities, and is very '"^'"^""'"'■ often of a reddish, bloody colour; the animal evinces great pain upon pressure over the loins ; the pulse runs high ; lie has a sti-addling gait, antl moves with difficulty • symptoms of high fever are generallv present ; the bowels will usually be very costive. ill '* "VERY MAN II,s OWN FAIiniER. '--'! would he do.ri,;:s 1, t^'T'r' "'"i I'ack of a .slu,.p • f t , s t, , 7 ''' ''"" ^"''^' *■'•""' ^^o tLokidn..p.„du.c::s :tZs:" ;;'''' 'f^^'^ wo aw calod to ca.scs wI.p.v, f . '. '^'^"'otituos ycy „.„ch swoii<.u 1 ' if :.itr ' "' *'"' ii""« " dirty stuto of the H.o.th r . ^'* "^^''^'ly 'uxs(,« from a in bettor than 1, nd i..ft!f t/' l'^ "^^*''"^* J"-"^'^"*'"" •^-^'- Th^^dt: o'r"; i''Ur;i;:^-f -f '^t ''''-'• ^"'-"«- flamcl. There is ^reatfov... '.''''''' ''"'' ''"'"^ '""^^ iS- is in . very IS^t^^'^Vn''" Tt'!">- '"'d tho cow '''paom salts ... 1 i 1 , , ° >S(.ints of nitric ether" ! i ; [ [ [ 1 111^ '■ Thill jjruel ^ t """««■ p,. ° i quart. Kcp .,,°J^r.'l;;,r:,zr„7e:^'.t;""^efe'7'*■ «t,u,, on the back, and it »ill gS; e»e .fo^Jj^ "s""^ tunes an abscess form, in n.T.J^ -^ ■ ^"""^ it cnrn must l»o W" iniiNt not UNO action of tlio '• A mild (loHo ■ of nitrio ether th(i loiriH should WHtor; no tiir- in would iiliaorl. •'(T«, 'ind .irroat A vciy ^ood Af'sh fiorii tho |>irfitioii, which '•licilud H^r,,f,t8. wo ^ ^'^^^ improve the food Put n ^^^^ . • f'^^' ^"* S^^'ially thipart, and Sve Jn e exfrcl T^"''"^ ^'"™^ '* °^ iB made 'of the'folS^^^^S;,, f ^"^^^^^ ^^"^^^^ Linseed oil . . ^ Oil of turpentine •.•.•;;::;:;:f,°;;„",7- Liquor ammonia fort i ", *^®- Oil of spike.. i"""''^- oiioforiganum:::;:::;::::f~ Sie^^Lyt pSr ^;; ^^^^ ^ ''^' -^» -th There are HoreSsfwlT^^^^^^ ^^^^^'^ ^— treatment than this Blisters' vi H I .'^ ^'^ '^""^'^ the best I can '•ecommendt the^^t Sv b^^^^^^^^^ can always be bought at any di-uc. store %r ' '"^^^^ STRAIN OF THE TENDONS the'^^aTS^ont" ^-^^^ '^^^^^ ^* ••^" *--« of plac4 of t^e foot down' 1 '^'''"* '""^^- ^^'^"^ *h« instan?e.^*orLpulHr^^ «"''^^««' ^r strain his tendl'Ta^Jtimrfn fa" t?^ '*""'^^ "^'^^ of ways in which tit /] ' ^^ ^^ct there are numbers & ,y u ^re^x amount uf swelling and pain in n. 10 drops. 1 ounce. 1 pint. oiisly given a good lie liorse upon bran 10 parts with warm pply the following 1 pint. i ounces. 2 ounces. i quarts. 'mentation. TJiig ority of cases take wliere you have Img will be found 1 the vein in the :1 according to the ation is gone, and len you may alter illy, but grad-ially ting linimt it on 3ry good liniment )unces. lunce. )unce. lunce. >uuce. day, and with i cases recover. a more severe to be used, and f blister, which ^f coui-se, when i«ting in othei- should first be will soon right it all times of 5s. From the sn surface, for ■ stumble and B arc numbers rought about, iig and pain in DISEASES AFFECTING THE EXTREMITIES. 86 the.se cases, ending sometimes in either elongation or contraction of the tendon. The treatment I should advise where there is only a Treatment lotTons" ''' *"""'' ^""^ fomentations and sedative Tincture of arnica ] pint Laudanum ; o ounces. Imcture of belladonna 1 ounce Sugar of lead 4 „„nces. ^^"t"' 4. parts. If the swelling goes away, and the lameness cea-ses, then gentle exercise may be given; but, on the othe^ hand, if there should be any enlargement left, hard in its character and not painful to the touch, then a blister must be used such as the following : Powdered cantharides 2 drachms. Bmiodide of mercury H drachms. ^ enice turpentme o drachms. H°g«l^rd 2 ounces. Mix this together, and after having well cleaned the parts, rub some of it ni; leave it on for two davs, tak- ing good care to tie the horse's head up, that he may not gnaw his leg. After two days, wash the parts well ml )7^ ™'''''^tev, and when drygrea.se them with a little fresh ard. Tins treatment will generally cause an absorption to take place, and the removal of the swelling A dose of physic will be advisable in such cases, to lowS the action of theheart. Sometimes we have the tendons broken in two ; ui these cases I should advise that the animal, if possible, be placed in sling.s, and that the le- be placed m splints, keeping the divided ends of the ten" dons in as close apposition as possible. These are very long cases, and reipiire the daily attendance of a veteri- nary surgeon, so I shall not enlarge upon them. SPLINT, SPAVIN AND RINGBONE. There is an immense deal to be said ipon these diseases, but as I have not space in this work for a very Ions description, I must try and get the most I can mto f small compass. Before saying anything about the character of these „ , „ diseases, I must make a few remarks generally, and begin SS'^ by warning farmers and others from ha.dng their horses tampered with by men who come round at certain seasons ot the year professmg to take off these bony enlarge- ments bv sevflre flnnli,.nfir>»i" a- -ai-ov- A, i.i- ■ XI „, ;• xV~, "Tf^'t • '-'" =s\eiu are the blisters they put on, that the bone never heals and the life of the 36 History of the disease. BpUnt. Nature of the splint. I'osition of tlie splint as to whether anieness is oaused. Their jKJsi- tton. EVERY MAN HIS OWN PAHRIER. animal is sacrificed Tl, round the country where this C k""""? '"^^^^ ^"«^^nces valuable horse has helnlo.l ''" ^"""' '^"^ "'«ny a the first place Z „? • "^ * ««nsequence. Now in Let us take them in sucli?' fi"'l^\*^'' ^^'y ^^^^'i tlie Ringbone: and W^ ? ?"'*^^' *^° ^1''^"*; next T1.0 term° "Splint "o^t'^:on^J^""* l^*^^*' ''^^ "P-S.' 18 used by the p^fe don Tn ^''''i'"''^ ^*' " ^P^^^^V' situated u^on tie InneT p rt oT Ve o'"^ ^"^-i-^^t bone, as occurring on the wt f ""°" '''' ^^^nk part as occurring^n the 1^," iS' '^Th^^"" '^' ^"*^^ difference in its location in!) % ° "® *'^«^on of the is, that the inner pt? of teZ'"'.''^^ ^^'-'"i^^' 9uterpartofthehinKmoretdr.l.'^*™*^ ^""^ *^« hence the weight of f\„ •.. *^^ ''^"*''« of gravity • anywhere. MfLder, l*""?^^ ^'^"^ ^^''^ ^hefe tE that the lar/e hon ""^ ^"°^' «'' ^^ not may learn shank boneX,treithTr"";^^ T^^^^ *^« ^^-n S attached to it Ca sort of eL^ '> ** ^'"^ ^^^'^ ^"'^^ horses is generally oss'Lnw *r""' ^^^"^^^ ^^ «ld splint is generally ^joSed to ZhT'i '"^ ''«"«• ^^^0 Jong thin bone a/we f Twt I '^^''^ ^""^ ^"^ th« mg these membranes Pnl£r*K " ^"^ membrane cover- through concussion i TnSy!/™*'"™' ^^^ *^-t' flamed, throwing ouJa flufd' ^^^^-^ '^''"^ "^"^^ i^' orgauized,8olidifa^edand\ft;l^'^^*^^.^" ^^^ ^^^omes bone; thus 've S't Jhaf E^ ' T^^"^ °" *""'«d into termed a splint. Now thi^^ r t'^'^'S^^^^^* commonly parts of the leg, and' n^n^l''''' '"'"^ °" ^ "iiff^rent much whether the aSnX" ' ' P*'''*^"" d«P«"ds very fit be upon the up^r LToTk'?""*^' ^^"^^tance^ W joint, then itTouFd L „f^' l'^' '^'^^ "^^ *« the lameness, a. it would Tte^r^jirf' ^^^^^^ to cause ment of the joint nn ,, f™*^ ^^^th the mechan cal move- attended witCgr^a infl' **""?-^ ''' ^'''^'''^'^ ^ouTdbt is apt to spread ^ye'r Se "1^""' ^^''^ ^"^ ««°^« <^e« When the splint is situatJ. .T"^ T"^« the joint. ^vUl not, as\ ru e itJ^ ''".*^ T'^^^^ «f the L, it horse; and if ft rf ' ?*^1^''^ "^'^^ the tmvelling of the large, I shoulVld vTe ThatTV'Tr f ^ - -t very' becomes bone it canTot be «V .^/'^' ''^°"«' ^ ""^^^ it it would only beTextt 1 *"*"^ T^^^^' ^^^^^efor^ derived therefrom ^''P^'^'^' ^"^ "« »-«aI benefit tho^fe„y;:trhel'* '^'.'^ '^^^'^^^ '^^--'-r, ai. usualiyf.un/l^-S^-;^^of^^e;^^ merable instances tlone, and many a luence. Now, in Jse bony deposit ' \v do they come ? the Sj)lint; next, east, the Spavin. «ve it, '< Splent,'' any enlargement annon or shank upon the outer e reason of the hind extremities remity and the >ntre of gravity; lore there than not may learn, the cannon or long thin bone >, which in old to bone. The k bone and the 3mbrane cover- iim, and that, '^ery much in- time becomes or turned into 'nt commonly >n in different depends very ; for instance, id near to the »in to cause banical move- ion would be n some cases ng the joint, of the leg, it elliug of the ' is not very », as when it d; therefore real benefit liaracter, al- a ; they are the coronet. DISEASES AFFECTING THE EXTREMITIES. We generally find that horses with short pasterns and blocky upright feet are more liable to throw out ring- bones than horses with long pasterns and flat feet. Now, in some cases I believe that colts have this disease from hereditary predisposition— that is to say, that tliey in- herit it from their sire's or dam's side. It is a common thing to see foals and yearlings with ringbones coming before even they have set their feet upon a hard road ; but, at the same time, I believe that in a great number of cases the seeds of these diseases are sown when the foal runs beside the mare. Their hoofs are barely formed, and the ground being very hard, a great amount of con- cussion IS produced. Inflammation sets up in the fine membrane covering the bone ; an exudation, or throwing out of a fluid, takes place ; this gets callous, and eventually turns mto bone— in other -vords, a ringbone is formed. I can assure my readers that I have myself seen these " Know Nothings" perform an oj)oration called " cutting out the feeder," at the back of the pastern joint, for the removal of ringbones, and in numbers of cases doincr great harm to the joint. This feeder is a small sack at the hinder part of the joint, which they ignorantly suppose feeds the ringbone; so that upon the removal of this feeder the ringbone dies. I need not tell ray readers that this sack is put there for some wise purpose of Nature, and that the cutting of it out must be an ignorant and false practice. In all these cases of splint, spavin and nngbone, the bone grown out is nearly twice as hard as that from which it grows, and is perforated somewhat resembling a honeycomb in appearance. What I have said about ringbones will likewise apply to spavins. They are to be found upon the inner anterior or front part of the hock joint, and when they are growing occasion very much pain and lameness. Severe work, especially in young horses with badly-formed hocks, may occasion an inflammation of the periosteum or mem- brane covering the bone, extending soon to the bone Itself, and causing a deposition of osseous or bony matter. To sum up, then, we can call these diseases by one name— ^ that is, "abnormal" or "unhealthy" bony deposits, first caused either by hereditary taint, concussion or injury to the part, creating an inflammation in the light mem- brane covering the bone. Liquid being thro^vn out, soon turns into bone — and thus the disease. The treatment to be applied in all these cases is the same. If you can get to see them when tho," are first forming, give a good dose of physic, and poultice the parts 37 Do thpy in- herit tlicso diseases? Cniisoa pro- ducing ring- bone. LocatioD. History of them. Treatment for all three liitieuiit-H. I I t \l:ii 38 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FAHKIEB. until t}ie inflammation has ah-ifprl \xn x, • , done, a blister may be , ut on i .t^^'^" *'''' ^'^« ^eon 1- kept „p for a Isklirtime ^'lllfb"". ^f-'* '^'^""^^ I can recommend is the flowing : ^''*''' ^^'^^ Powdered cantharidei o i ,. Venice turpentine J* (hachins. Hog's lard 2 drachms. iir- ,, . ^ ounces. ^^l^^t^:^ %ff-' -^ rub a portion some time, and if tl^ bliS, • If"' *^'' treatment for ness, then yormn l^^'t "^ '''^ ^f ''^""^^ ^l>e lame- blistering oitn^n t^be Srin f " '"T "•""' ^"^ all I can recommend in these .« '-afterwards. Thi.s is tbem. Tlie bonTeL ,~ ''^"^' alleviating cannot be remoll ySmivS ^ IW '"^""^'^'-^^ ^"^^^t bone from which they grow!^ ^ *'^ *" ^^"^«^« *^« WmmALLS. BOG SPAVIN AND THOEOUGHPIN occurring in differei^ n -f Af T. ^''^'^ "^ ^"««"«e. only begin wiU, borori^Ts nvL ; ?*'-^""*i««- We .vil^ /..cation Of The disease, at it is seen ]I "' '„•' "^°°^«ti«^e« called. '-'-""«• of the hock joint, Innie 7^Z "^"" ^^^-^ '^■«'^* lameness. ^ one taat often causes great ^^^^li^. n J^ fl"""'"' °^ *'^^«° ^'^«eases are strains &c <,..f diseases. an inflanmiation in the c'm^^,hZ r ' '^^•' «e"ing «p the joint. An increased Znti I ¥"''"* -'^^"^'^ '^^^'^^ and so we have the swelli^" " T fis 1^"? ^'^ ''''''''^' wmdgalls and thoroughpi ° W L i^]!'^^ ""' ^^'^^ *° thoroughnin it is tbr. «L li. r., "^" ^^ bave cases of instead^^ d^ ^J^t::^ .'^^^ ^ffected way. We know the symnfoim T aVI "' *^^® ''^"^^ spavin was a swelliZ * ZVi f '^'"■'' *'''^* ^«S thoroughpin is a s w 1 ^ i ""^ °^ *^'*^ ^ock^ tendon'-aK: ^inf hL/tZ M'^^^T 'f ^^^'^^^ *1^« and at the side • and Si?? ^'^' "^^^^ ^"S^er up, either side of th^fli IS"'' 1°^« ^^e pasterns on the leg. ^'"''^ *^"'^°^«' «r tbe tendons that bend '''''^'''- anil^irrb-eVrcedtt^^^' ^^^ ^« that the physic Should be i;t:tuch^:::SeSLitgr' ''^^^ ^^ Barbadoes aloes . 7 i u Powdered ginger I drachms. • Spirits of nitrfc ether f drachms. Warm water /* ?""«es- " 1 pmt. DISEASES AFFECTING THE EXTREMITIES. 39 len this has been ction of it should » best blister that drachma. ! drachms, drachms, ounces. d rub a portion is treatment for •emove the lame- firing iron, and ivards. This is wds alleviating ?ularly formed, to remove the ROUGHPIN. iss them under f di.seuse, only ties. We will aetimes called, pon the front causes great kc, setting up ' which covers ia is secreted, [)Iy as well to >ave cases of lat is affected s in the same fore that bo" f the hock; between the r higher up, pasterns on ns that bend be that the good dose of ms. ma. Give this as a drench, after having previously given a bran mash. Api)ly good warm fomentations until the inflamuuition has passed away ; this will be seen when the heat has passed off and tenderness is not evinced when pressed. Afte'* each fomentation, some of the fol- lowing lotion may be applied : Tinct. of arnica 4 ounces. Tinct. of belladonna 1 J ounces. Sugar of load 2 ounces. Water 8 ounces. Shake this well before putting it on, and after each fomentation leave the parts wet with it. It should be used constantly during the day. Bandages may be also put round, with a sliglit pressure on the parts, if they ate not too tender. As soon as the inflammation is gone, you may use blisters, and I recommend the following: Powdered oantharides 2 drachma. Biniodide of mercury lA drachms. Iodine 1 draclim. Venice turpentine 1 drachm. Hog's lard 2 ounces. Mix these well together, and after having previously well cleaned the parts to be blistered, rul) some of it in ; and after the second day, grease well with a little fresh grease. If blistering does not remove the swelling, they must be fired, and, of course, this duty must be performed by a veterinary surgeon, as it is a very precaiioiis operation, and requires great care and caution. Gentle pressure and hand rubbing will do a great deal towards helping these ciises. CAPPED ELBOW AND CAPPED HOCK. In describing these diseases I shall take the two together, as the causes producing them are the same, as also are the symptoms, and shall point out the difference in the treatment of them.. Both capped hock and capped Location of elbow have the same appearance, only situated on dif- *'*" 'i''*'''''''^^- ferent parts of the extremities. Capped hock is a swell- ing upon the point of the hock or gamble joint, and capped elbow is a swelling upon the elbow, or, as the bone is more properly called, the ulna. They both come causes, from external injury as a rule. Capjjed elbow is often brought on by the animal, when in the act of rising, strik- ing the elbow ; and capped hock from kicking, &c., and striking tL point of the hock. The membranous bag character containing the joint oil gets inflamed, and a quantity of sfveinni,,, fluid reaembiiug synovia very much, and at other times t f! M ' m I 40 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. symptoms, at other times as S as a ^^'Tu T T^ ^^«ft' ^"^ attended, as a rule, w th a verv 1 . ''"■ ^^^>^ ^^'^ "«t except when the nflanimS^ f* ^"'°""*.°^ ^^™«ness, ' oibow':'"" is to open the enlarcreirent «f / ^ /°'' ''''PP'^d e^^ow f uid, and no han^^ iTl^ pete"" Tl f-'^^J^* «"* *^« be performed in the hock is ItT' * *"' '^""^^ ^^^ver tion. Treat the wound 1; a corr ^""^ ^""^"^'""'^ ^P*^'"^- ^ell a« regards capped e?b,^;°'""^"" "'^«' ^"^ all M'ill be Treatmont When the SWellirifr la ■■.- i , . er- cutout. m:^7fZVr::7oZt'^^^ by a veterinary surgeon ml ? *° ^^ undertaken hock to deal with,^;o;-n,^^S-^;" ^'^^e a case of capped be present, poult ceweTso tfT 'T^ inflammation when all inflamniationTi ^^ ^''^*^" *he swellin-r- following: °"°^"^'^*^«^ has passed away, blister with ?he Powdered cantharides o ,Ir= ., Biinodide of mercury o £f ^"'• Venice turpentine ^ drachms. Hog's lard: . 2 drachma. Thiq ,v «« L- „ 2 ounces. CURB. c'^rbfrs:. thrpl''^ ''/" enlargement at the back of tl.P 1 u ^ three or four inches below the «1? / • ^*^^' *^^"* hock, and is caused either by a stiSf- !'t "' ?'°^"*^ °^' *he ment which binds the tendon«!l •" *^'" '''"g-'i^^e liga- the sheath of the tendom^ wt^ 'I "^T' P^'^«^' "^ i» former. Great pain Sameli ''f ^' ^ *^^"k' ^^ t^e s.mpto.a. disease, and as a nde i^fs bTouSn f '" ''''''''^ ^" ^^^^ as too heavy pul W . also by the hn l"-"""'' '^«^^' «»ch rough grouni, whefe' h mljK htfoT^ "«^^^ "P- is .to fomtrtt 'i:g^rtShtot"'T"^*^^^ ^«^-t ammal a good dose ff ^i^ and 17*''' ^"^ ^^"^ ^^e As soon as the inflamnST'j, ^^^ °" ''^'an mashes. n^end that a bli ?er ^de ,f th^ f^n^'^- "^'^^' ^ ^•^'^«'^- applied: ^^ *"* *he following chemicals be Powdered cantharidea oj , Binipdide of mer^J^ J drachms. Venice turpentine ^ £ drachms. Hog's lard.. 2 drachms. 2 ounces. creted; hence tte ai-e very soft, and iil. They are not iiount of lameness, ' sent in any very for capped elbow boldly let out the this should never dangerous opera- e, and all will be Jst be excised or 5 be undertaken ) a case of capped ch inflammation in the swelling; blister with the Jrachms. tlrachms. irachnis. ounces. > the swelling, ageous in this lie Lock, alwut '1- point of the 'ing-like liga- ir place, or in think, in the ivinced in this ire work, such : worked upon 1 some hole or ation is great to give the bran mashes, 'ay, I recom- chemicals be hms. hms. bms. Cauaea protlucing nnvioHlar (jiseaae. Symptonm. DISEASES AFFECTING THE EXTREMITIES. 41 Mix these well together, and rub some of it into the curb. One or two blisterings will generally suffice to remove the swelling; it will tend to liquify the parts, and to increase the absorbents of the skin in their action. When blisters will not eftect a cure, the firing iron must be had recourse to — an operation only to be performed by a veteri- nary surgeon, and on no account to be taken in hand by an inexperienced man. NAVICULAR OR COFFIN JOINT DISEASE. This occurs, as a rule, from a sprain of the tendon' passing over the navicular or coffin joint, as it is some- times called. The tendon becomes sprained l)y some cause or other, inflammation sets in, spreads to the joint, and very often ends in ulceration of the joint. It is a very common disease, and is easily detected" if proper caie is taken to watch the animal's motion. The principal symptoms are that the animal will go up hill much better than down ; for in going down hill, his heel will have more pressure put upon it than it would in going up hill. Then, again, the heel becomes contracted — the sole of the foot becomes convex instead of concave. The muscles of the shoulder waste away to some extent. The animal will point his toe in order to rest the heel. These are the principal symptoms. Here- ditary predisposition has a great deal to do with the bring- ing about of this disease in some cases— not as bringing on the disease directly, but in the hoof being of a blocky upright nature, thus predisposing the animal to it, for we find it generally in animals that have these kind of feet. The treatment to pursue in the treatment of these cases is to put the foot in a good warm poultice, until Treatment the inflammation has passed off, and then, when the foot is cooler, to put a blister on, as advised for " Curb." In cases where repeated blisters are of no avail, the operation of neurotomy, or the cutting of the nerve which sujjplies the foot -with feeling. About an inch is taken out of the nerve, and the wound in the skin soon heals. This operation must be performed by an experienced hand, and only as a last losource, for in numbers of cases the hoof will slough oflf altogether. The horse should be kept on mashes all the time he is being treated for this disease. SAND CRACK. Sand crack is a solution of continuity of the w.°Jl.°. of jji-^^ .* the hoof; that is to say, that the walls of the hoof, thecuSj^V Hereditary taint. 42 EVERY MAN HIS 0,yN FARRIER. C^'nutog. insteatl of hcincr iU in part of ti.e fore W "u the ol ^ "^ '^'^'''''> *^'« ^""^^ tmd.s of sand cmck-.s.iperlic ,d Tl ^i ^^'^^'^ '"■« t^vo superficial crack is not so l.u n ^"^''P-^^ated. The does not interfere, as rue t I, V'" ^'^PP-^^'^^ted, and fceueath; tlie deq.-se^^tod is wL .,'°"''*^^^' «*^-"«t"^-« nght through the\Xof th'toof : 7t ^'"^ -"''"« foot .s seen through the fissure or c 2 Th ? '"^"""^ fiand crack is, as a rnl„ ft.„ "' ^''^''f- J^ho deerj-seated J'ora in the footVw] e 'th^? -» ""'-alt].y secretion of injury. ' '"^^"^^ *^^° superhcial is from external which may interfere vif tt \"' !"""'' ^^'-^ ^°^-°»«t, cause a great brittlenessTl^eocoT"'" "^ ^'''^•"' ^^"^ «eate« 7' te"/l to his con.fo /~if ^^^^ of pliyHic may he given out mptf ." ''^''^ "'^i?^'^ dose dmrrh«,a wil^^ot in, aid tSll'T ""Tt ^' *^ken or General treitmont of t]J\- ■ ^""""d hard to ston all that is neo.B hftht 'ZTZ ^^^"' - ^ rnlfZ l^ a great n,any instan*. in wSch ^L'^^'T' ^''"^^« ^^^ liave to bo had recoii n,,/. t ,*^^'' treatment will a" bad eases a IZ^ su'r^'bt"',^ advi.^ that In ca.se put under hi« care. ^ ^^ "^"^^ in. and the Trontnient "ftljij 'll8ca.so. Historj' of tlio (lisoaae. CsU8e8. Symptoms DISEASES OP THE BKAI^^^,,p,^,,^^^^ ^KEmx^s oni.P.,MMATXO.O.THEBnAI. ^ -e wedo^o^Tanrffora'calf ^ disease, and I am g° t°n-. It is a most frShtfurdr'' ''""^ '' "^^^'^ ^r- «nless It is taken in the yevyIrL tZ""' ""^ ''"^ ^h^*' at all, owing to the animnl L- ^^*' ''^"o* ''^ treated of this disele a;e,rarule:Kr ;"''"*• .''^«--- to the head, setting up an infl!^ !■ "" ^'^ ^"J"^:^ done from stomaeh staggers^ SeJe a^ .f ""' ""' ^' ^^^^S producing it. The srmri ® "^'^^^ causes as well "leepines? the pufse gSuallT ""'-^'''' ' dullness I^" f tting harder, at lastTt Ser'T'".^ ^^ """^^r and firm, hard and bound ng puk^''th^ '^^ ^' ^^^' ^"d is a and b oodshot, and the hoC wil h '^'' '"^ *^«° staring He W.1 throw himself viow7v it ^^^-^/^^^ent indeed^ into ins box stands a Treat .{ V?^ ^^^ «"« going ^ill tear his flesh wltS hTmoutrr "/ ^T« ^^^^^d ; hf ^« -. At last, througTerustC'he^dt, " "^^ ^^ Biy marked. In is very refitloss ; eat fovor will he q'lickened; the 'Y tiio horse will ' "P again. It and cold sweats, 'jis IiooIh, as the 1 shift froni one he is in i very ' IS, if the pulse I have all the and let him lie im up warmly, ery slight dose St be taken or hni'd to step. , as a rule, be •se, there will reatment will idyir - that in i in, and the FAL CORD. E BRAIN. '6, and I am is never for- l one that, t be treated The causes injury done as coming 'es as well ullness and umber and 0, and is a ten staring nt indeed, one going filled; he s wild as DISEASES OP THE BUAIN AND SPINAL COUD. 46 The treatment in these cases must be very quick, as Trentment. nothing, as a rule, can Imj done after the above symptoms begin to show themselves in the Imst jtropoi aon. Bleed largely. Give, if jjossil.le, a gootl stiong dose of physio, Buch us Barbadoos aloes, from eight to ten drachms; calomel, one drachm ; give this in one pint of wuriri water, throwing up a good clyster of wanu soap and water. If tliis physio docs not operate within a few houi-s, then repeat half the dose, giving clystera as before. Ice to the head is good, if procurable, and very cold water. No stimulants must be put there, or more harm than good will arise. Should this treatment fail, a veterinary surgeon should be called ; but, as a rule, as soon as the virulent symptoms begin to show themselves, death will be the consequence. I scarcely need add that a horse affected with this disease should be well secureil, as he will kick and knock everything down that he can get at. RABIES, OF HYDROPHOBIA IN THE HORSE. 'Che proper terra for this disease is rabies, but hydro- Ti,e tenn phobia is quite a wrong one as attacking either a horse hydrophobia or dog. It is the right term only when rabies affects whTap- man, the meaning of the term "hydrophobia" being pi'^itothe "fear cf water." Now, in both horses and dogs we see anTmai., that, instead of their being afraid of water, they will, if they can get at it, drink any amount; and I myself have seen dogs plunge their heads into water when per- fectly mad. When a horse or a dog has rabies, or, in c other words, when he is mad, it is generally traceable to *"*" ' some mad dog or other having been round the neighbour- hood. I have never seen a case yet but has been traced to this cause, I may as well say at once, that as soon „ as the least symptom of rabies shows itself, the animal ment should be destroyed, as there is no cure. But, on the other hand, if you know a horse to have been bitten by a dog impregnated with the disease, and can get to him within twenty minutes or so, then you must bum the wound right out with the firing iron. Never cut it out, as the bad blood will run into the fresh wound and in- oculate it afresh. It is very rarely that we see these cases until they are too far gone to do any good. I have Boen several cases in both horses, cattle and dogs, and every expei-iment has been tried to cure them, I need not add that they have always failed. The symptoms Symptoms, are these : — The horse will not be in his natural state at all ; he will appear at first very shy, and then gradually 46 «VKnV MA.V „,„ OWX KARRIEn. uiircitnico •■flbloii (111,1 iiitluinniii- lira ill. NiiriiitiiiiiH '■'iiitiniii.,1 HiHtDry of tlio 'iiHoasf, < I Partial pa- ralyHis. Total pa- Hilysis. f«wllJl.e vicious ; his ..pp.hto in H « • >o voniciouN, an.l «ra.lu , v l , ''','''^* •"«*'"'''^ will ''!^ <'yo will i..r<,,n/ > ''" 7'" J""" it Hito^,o hi; '''-"- ho will try tu "? "'"' ""'•>' ^^"''- In hin -'"'•'. 7.ti.-m.^,4/ i,^ ^.;;X;;- a|,u.oa..hi„« hi^ '•'il'-H l.o Woes. H.Hl h.,. wil Lr, ";'""'^'' ^•''"" in ?';*"M,.„p,,,. ,,,,,' ,:V'' laso a ..|,a„,.„,.r l.itin^ ;;t«'>-lem| with; L will t" :,. J ^ ''7f -'^ '-oomi J">'>'-« <.t (h,. lo,H,pst T L.r '"' '" »''""t ■«* inHtaiico, will ^" if. iihn<.ot]u>r ; ^*''''. if. tl.ig l'l"'""-''in« him, 'ii|'("iii.s h.'tweeii iii'litniiiKitioti of ' ''"'"K, wliilo in •li(inc<( of l)iting Riitliiii^, ''e('orno.s "t«. 'Itlll (It lilHt. '•'"t ' '"'' to the nerve near tho part, or to the Hpiiw. ' When the '"*""' spine is injured, wo get ]taralyHiH, as a rule, of the whole of tlie InndfiuiirtcrH. Hard woik mnv produce injury to the spine, and tliim i)ring on parnlysJH. Injuries of all kinds nuiy produce it— great weaknesH may jiroduco it also. Medicin(( has, as a rule, not much eH vt upon T,,.„im„.,. tiie Jiorse unless it hc! in a case of wry partial paralysis, uf I'aruijHi-. or at any rate unless the patient be attended to at a very early stage. If a liorse be attacketl with paralysis HO that ho cannot use liis land liinl>s, never i)ut him in slings— it is a very unwise practice. Of course, if there is actual fracture of tlu! spine there is no cure, and to kill him would be the most mercifui thing; but if only injury to the si)ine has been done, then you may possibly hope for a cure. You must h^t the animal lie dowri, and take; great care to truss him up so that he does not injure himself. Hot fomentations and stiiiudating liniments to the spine should be used. Purgative medi- cine and succulent diet should ))e given. Hack-rake tho rectum, and draw off the water through the end of a catheter in order to relieve the bladder. These cases scarcely ever recover so as to leave (lit linrso cpiite sound —an unsteadiness of action wil' ,cneraliy be the result. The bowels should be kept in good order. Wlani we see Parnlysis cases of paralysis from an udlainmation of tho coverings j'Xnl''/"'"' of the brain and spinal cord, then the treatment generally tbMof'tL advised is that a quartei- of a grain of strychnine be given luTbrafn "' twice in twenty-four hours. This may do good, and it is the only treatment bchides good care that I can advise. TETANUS, OR LOCK-JAW. This disease ,s an abnormal, unhealthy increased mus- cular contraction; that is to say, that certain muscles of the body, when under this disease, are more contracted or shortened thiui what is natural. We find in the majority of instances that certain parts of the body aix' more liable to be affected than others; and if there is one part that is more prone to this disease than another, it is the muscles of mastication, or the muscles that move the jaws one upon the other in the action of feeding: thus we get "lock-jaw." We may get one limb, or we may have the whole body affected. Irritating agents may be found after death to have been tho cause of the dise-ase — sneb as large numbers of parasites in the intestines — and it may tlistory anil causes iHii- duclng te- tanus, or loi:k-Jaw. Irritating caiises pro- •in.-'inglhe disease. I li I M it 48 difference lietween t«taiius and tjoinmon cramp, Symptoms sliowu ly the hors^; in tetanus. It may come on from a bad Wound. Professor Spooner's Treatment Medicinal agents not or very great use. Quietness the principal thing. EVEEV HAS. HIS 0W» PARK.Bl. affeoted, while in fpf . ' ^^^ animal's brain is not brain. £ turn. 1 1 ' """ ^"^ ^''^' irritability of To perfectly ^^^tjZ^yS^:^'^^^ ^^ ^'^'^^ «o to speak, the person wSSnTet ,"!•"'"', '^'^"^^' «mnger should go into his boxoz 'SlT "'' ^"'^^* all come on a<.uin nnri i,;. , '^*"' *"« spasms will showing all tC\yXtZroT:\ ""' '' ^^^^'--^ hard are these : While^^lprm^ ,rTr"'" . ^^ «^"^P*«°^^ stand with the nock d'idTnd stiff T''"*' *^'' ^"^'^^ ^"^ eyes staring, and the W of £ ' ""^^ Protruded, the eye itself; the legs aretLtl-^^^ ^'°*'"''''' ""^'" *^« of the body. The tain. !^ T^ '^ '^'^ ^" ^^^ ^-^^scles appear in a'^state of pa n af Hxh/ '''=^^'' ^"^ ^^« -^^I Been can never be mistaken f. ^^^'^^^^^^t. A case once that we could hLronl/Xt^rof Z. 'TT ^ '^^ while the other parts were soun^.v *^' ^""^^ "^''^^ ea^e. Ahorse may havelw?^ • '\'' sometimes the the morning appearTquTteheX Z "^^ ^''''^ '^'' ^- It, and it will S a few hours hZ «t ''°°" ^''^ "^^^ ««« turn. The wound will J^ent a rT^ f ^"'*" ^ ^^^^"'"^ the matter from it wi l^S ver/ t''^, '^PP«amnce, and time symptoms of tetenus Jllf "'^i^^^^- I^ a short theX:iroi^^^^^^^^^^ ^^— f pjr ^ ^^^-^^^^ «^ ar^L^r^JVnrhCol^^^^^^^^^ right and JsVttat J^^/' ^ *" ^^« ^*- ^ -^-^ quietness and genemi S ' ^ ''^''•^ ^^^ ^«'''J« •• foV these ca.es than^SJSU'seT/"^'^^"^-^ *« ^'"re at all, physic is reco^mmendTd and b^n ''''r"'' \' ^^«" beheve, as a rule, in givS^ W>S v ^^^^^- ^ ^^ ^^t and one reason whfL St •^•""''> *^««« ^««. becomes very much excited „ J ^'''•?^ '^ ^^^ ^"i'na tbing we are tryingT av^id C T^"*. ^ '""^ ^^^^ ^^arm soap and water S „ .^P"^^ mjections of water, are very good ^6 ,L^'*"\""^*^^' ^^^ i« the horse may never be alarmed hi ^.T^'^ '^'^ *^^^* ^he the best limedy t7 ct^^LL^''^^^''^^' ^ ^»^«*^"^«« i« for some time Ver e^en th« ? ''' T*^ "^"'* ^« ^^^P* «P the disease, as I We Teen the ^Tf ^^^^"^ ^ ^e ove? ever by a sudden fright "^'"P*«'"« return a* bad as DISEASES OF THE EBAIN AND SPINAL CORD. 49 STRING HALT. tnc subject oi it can never be curotl. It differs i., m.,n,. respects from the last disease, altl.ough tW a"e both cases ( f cramp. *= -^ ^ "°''" ani^ptroVlt'T'^'"* of lock,jaw. or tetanus, as affecting any pait of the body, will give evidence of pain : but in this disease, even though ho may have it very badly never gives evidence o. any pain. Injuries to tL L the eTn.r,n'f trVlf r^^ ^^"^^- ^i-IiseaseTnd he jeiking up ot the leg that we see is . xhiced bv thp fnv im^ion of the Joint. The symptom. e lltTubtwe " he animal jerks up his leg when travelling, and so h 'h ni some cases that he will strike his bel v. I cannot symptoms. Ihere is no cure of the disease, I believe known, and a horse affected with it to any slight extent IS, and must be, considered an unsound horse. PUERPERAL OR MILK FEVER IN CATTri^ Pn.^ KNOWN AS "DOWN AFl^irCAL™'- '''''''' I shdl describe this disease under the head of Diseases of the Nervous System, as the brain is very soon affected a though not in the fet instance, but a/aZ^^menoo of internal dei-angement. It is a disease that atfeScows after calving, but as a rule there are symptoms present before caving, such a. a costiveness of the bowels^ and a very plethoric or full state of the system geneml y. ' The causes are a general derangement of the system • there is a too great quantity of ),lood circulatingf fe. ei- While the calf IS m the womb of the cow, it is nourished by blood afforded it ,by the mother ; but as soon as it Ts born that blood is determined to other parts of t" abJdy and thus the higher condition the cow is in, the .leatei' will be the determination of blood to the parts ConstT- pa ion sets m and the cow becomes feyerFsh ; the Wood becomes congested 111 the brain, and gradually the aniiml becomes insensible; the flow of milk is ^L^ Tnd the urine is not voided at all ; tlie cow wUl soin le Iwn and after a time cannot be raised ; the dew-lap, or muzlle' Ske7'«rfi f" '^^'' ^^°°^^^^°* ^"^^ t^« l»"bs cokl If taken at first as, soon as the calf is born, a good bold iialt pounds of Epsom salts in a quart of thin, warm m.„ei • th.. milk should be drawn off as often a« ,x,ssible ; warm What the ilisi'fise is. DiflercncB Imtwten it iiiul com- mon cramp. Causes pro- tliiciiijr spriny halt. Symptoms very palpa- l)le. No cure over made. It is a dis- ease of tlio lirain a.s a .seeoiiJai-y action. Causes pro- lUu'ing tlie fever. Fat animals more prone to tlie disease. Symptoms .sliown in tlie early atagcs. ■ t 90 EVKHY HAN HIS OWN PARHrEB, possible, and a ffood auantitv nf li L T ff . " ^^ drawn BtH n* T ^"'^'^^'.V of blood should be with- injections, and do a 1 yo^f LTo ^roS ^ ^^^P^'^^^ of the bowels- if von i^c '^-*'.P'^™ote a movement then all ^^11,' fs^: ^srrir^^j"""?,^.^-^^^' return; but if not, the 1; '.^111"' ^"'^ ^^^^^^ihty will tJs?;r,7:rxVc;!Sd"notho^ ^^^ '^^^^'^ -^^^-' find cows ;ith pue ; Jw It^ ^Xf "' "' ^'"^f "^ a dose of physic will do .^T , '"^ '^ ^'^'^ calves, may be /ven The milk ifT' 'f ''^* ^""^^^^^"^ ^^^ away, and as soon as Iheo'nlf r ^l^"^' "^^ ^ '^'^^n Rather starvrr^w Lt,^' bom she should be milked, highly, and vou w?nl« . ""^^T^ ^^"'^ ^^^^ her too of " pue^eraYLe "" ^^^ ^ "^"" ^' '''''^^''^ ^^*^ ^ «^ Preventfve . meaiures. ■ History of tbe disease. ■ Spedllo or bad iDflam- inatlon of the eye. Differences ic the symptoms between common and specific ' ophthalmia. DISEASES OP THE EYES. OPHTHALMIA, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE :^^;r:tii:nt itt '-^yj^^^ that den^Jgem^lt^^^^^^^^^^^ ^,,t ".^ ^^^-f' "^'^^ specific ophthalmia are qiiite diffS in '^^P*<^« «f common ophthalmia ^^- T"®'^'^* '" «ome respects to there willCan int ^'': .^"«*.^^''«' ^^ specific ophthalmia g irom It, and it looks very bad indeed. The next d^v - — J DISEASES OF THE EYES. 51 or so the other eye may be inflamed, ai,d this one will appear better; so that it keeps changin',. about from Ine eye to the other. Then the pupU %dfl be very opaque and thick in colour, a^d will keep getting worse Ss goes on for a long time, and at i therelsrwhite sn,^ to be seen m the middle of the eye, which is a catemct In most of these cases when thev ZTL\ . Aneyeon.e cure becomes impossible An e^Thaf L onc^btT.^' ^^^^ subject of speci^o inflammation^is'rilt;rSlet%t «»« must be done very carefully, such a. 4th Sr a rlei "'^""'^'"'^• t ^X T ""if Y^^^i-^-ir brush. Then the eye may be bathed with a little warm milk and water, and shS be kept from the light. A dose of purgative med™ r^ster^Se " *'' i«^flammition has been bad condition, I believe that blood letting is a ver7 food ihvsi T r '^' ^-^^^^^-'Z-P'^d -itl a good Lfof fid T ^ "r^'^^^^^d «°ft feed, and very few oats mdeed. I apply to the eye the following lotion : Nitrate of silver 16 grains. Wme or opium 2 drachms. ^^^^^te*- 4ounces. Shake this, and squirt once a day into the eye. Rub on reTallfot::'"' ""' ^"^* ""^'^ '''^^^' ^ ^-^ , Powdered cantharides 2 drachma. Bmipdide of mercury 2 drachms. Venice turpentine 1 drachm. ^^^^rd 2ounces, Rub some of this well in under the eye, and keep up an mflammation there for some days. Some people put a wil not be wanted as it would leave a slight mark. I io M f"^t'^« ^^"•fhe'- "Pon these diseases, as they oHtWl ^^^ ''^^"dled by pmctical men, b^ing verJ critical cases, which, if wmn^iv t-t^t^ M-. , *' ..■', be the consequence. te ifii ; 02 It is, as a rule, incu rable. The best way to find out if a horse is affected with this disease or Dot Pome chance tor a cure if it come on from au injury. Treatment advised in these eases. Is mostly seen in the spring and fall. Nature of the disease. Fat hor.'§9s moresubject to it than thin ones. Causes tend- ing to pro- duce this disease. Treatment tobs advised. EVERY MAN HIS OWN PARHrER. AMAUROSIS, OR GLASS EYE. W>^ do not very often see this disease and whpr, t.n a IB. a a. nilc. incurable. TJ.o nerv'e of tCye J^?LT Ao SSr S ''Se*;SS;* "* o„ee,.nn^s^!orL:S: it should be, an if the hors^T\"°" '" Tf' ^''^''' *^«« into a bi-i<.ht iTc^ht the nn?-f n "'°"°,''* ^™"^ '^''''^^^^^ that the nivV ,s pVrt y ! f^ ThLttf "' '''"^ T^^"' one to detect AvhetLr a hoL S r " ""''"^ '' ^^'^ ^''^ be tried before m rlsin' i^^^' "' "°*' '^'"^ •^^""l^ I must say, in eonclusSrtlVr • n ?°^ ^ "'^ ^^^^J^' eve, ..„, i'aeveX:Tr;t;u'i^i:.:rii™ D.TxJEASES OF THE SKIN. SCiUTCHES. heels ojzu'oVcr r tt:Lii'''i" *' Mtl badly .tabled Altb«,„ll, tT ' "" P«>rfyfed to act upon the kidneys f ^ ^ "' ""'^^ '^'"^^ *S«"<^ 1 when we do, re — that is to ' snpi)]ies the lor totally or ted with this one is accus- 1 larger than om darkness thus proving 5^ is the best , and should >es on from ho brain, or ceased state icn from an 10 chance of hus, firstly, ■sent: then I liniments poll. This inn in his ise myself. !es I have •e cured. re of this it is more m at any Jf in the Horses s disease, oorly fed lis under ' it comes ood, and ng as a to first le agent DISEASES OP THE SKIN. 53 Barbadoea aloea 7 draclims. Dose of 1 owdered ginger 2 drachms. Pl'-Vsic. bpints oi mtnc ether 2 ounces. Warm water 1 pj^t. Feed on bran mashes and a little hay. Wash the heels well every day with hot water and Castile soap, and apply the following liniment to the parts after each washin/' • O * Sulphate of zinc o ounppH t • • «„„„- „f |,,-,i -ounces. Linimentfor ougar ot lead 2 ounces. washing the ^^"•ter 2 pints. Parts. And take care to keep the parts nice and clean, as clean" cleanliness hness m these cases will do a great deal towards curing ^^"ei'est the anima . This is a disease that may return at any ^^^Z' time, so that caution must be exercised by whoever is looking after the horse. GREASE. There is more to be sai"°^ "T^' It does not seem to be so muob £? ^ '1'^^"' ^" ^"* community of this co^i^VLltr L'^and '''"'''' (strangles is a disease which as a r„Ip "F+l . with weeping at the pv^« 1 , '® J^^« ' * cough, of ehedif T^rtSj .Txs°fZT'.^'''°°' \ DISEASES OP THE BLOOD. 55 fomentation. The swelling under the jaws should always The,weii.„, be encouraged by hot fomentations, poultices le horse afiected with it .should consult a pro^jer man with regard to it, or he may confound the disease with some other, and harm will ensue. EHEUMATISM. This disease shows itself in a great many forms, and is generally considered to arise from a poisonous state of the blood — thus it is a constitutional disease. The inilam- matoiy r.ction attendant upon it flies about from one part of the body to the otlier. We have inflammatory rheumatism as aftecting all the big joints of the body, such as the knees, the pastern, tlie stifle and the hock joint. We have it also in its sub-acute or non-inflamma- tory form, as coming on gradually, and causing no par- ticular swelling, while in inflammatory rhcimuitism there will be great swelling. One of the great peculiarities attendant upon this disease is, that it may be in one part of the body one time and, from no cause tliat we know of, it may leave that part and settle in some other — gene- rally in a joint. Where we have the inttannuatory rheu- matism, it is, I believe, due to some poisonous state of the blood ; but where we have the non-inflammatory rheuma- tism, I believe it is due to some external cause. Then the causes are some poisonous state of the blood, and a sudden exposure from cold to heat or from heat to cold. These are the Lwu great causes. Tliti syuipluius iix the iuHam- Treatraent of farcy. Ciiustic a guod remedy tu use. Bleeding advised. Ball to be given daily. Green food tlio proper thing to feed on. A veterinary surKi'on should be consulted in bud cases. Due to a IHiisonous st:ite of the Wood. Inflamma- tory and non-inflam- nmtoiy rheu- matism. f; Causes pro- ducing. 58 Hvmptoms of Inflnmma toryrhcunio tlain. EVEBY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. Non-lnflam- niatoi-yrhou mHtiHiii. Troiitmcnt forinllaiii- matoryrlien- mntinni. Natiiro of the disease, Predlspoa- iug causei. Food is one great cause. Tholrskinis another cause. \i 11 Symptoms of red watei I water •itrcp. matory diseaBO ftro, tJio inflammation of the joint- it becomes h( .«; «wollo„ and almost immovable .a the «u^ acute or non-uWanunutory rheumatism Jamene«s/st finis no Hwolhnf., and the Hhifting about of the .lismao froS one jotnt to another without any cause known Iroa niont: warmth, moisture and rest in the first «tage: laxative and diuretic medicine, nwoh a. a smS do o of pJiy«„, combined with an ounce or an ouncer" a half ot Hweet HpiritB of nitre, to act upon the bowels and kidneys. iM,nnous matter „n. a gets thrown ou nto a joint, and hei.ce the chronic swelling we JiZiZl «ee. When he a-velling is groat and very painfu apZ poultices of mseed combined with cnmpiv- and oiXm SomotimoH b hstors of cantJiarides ar. used to a S" Td e/T: s ';" '"'ir'^'^" «' '"^'-^-^ ^ have seen've"^ fwo or ft M r"". *''" .^'•r"^^.*^^ bi-carbonate of potash! Sera i < wi' '"" '^f^-'^ '' ^" ^'^*^''"» ^"^ llso an alterative. When we have rheumatism from outward causes, hen, m, well as treating the system, I wouU app v a stimulating limmont to the part aflect;d. These Se sometimes long and troublesome cases. SANGUINIUS ASCITES, OR RED WATER IN SHEEP It is generally found in the cold parts of the year in sheep. If we get a lot of wet weather, and the sh^ep are dSe ?.r''V''?^T^^.^^"' ''''''''' -eoftenSth" affect-1 r • "* f '•'" ' ^ P'-edisposing cause for this attection. lunups, when there is no extra wet contain QO per cent, of water; and sheep live week b^ we^ron hese turnips To every three pounds of solid, then, there Is twenty-three pounds of fluid. Why is it that sh^ep suffer mmation? There are certain' states of the body which predispose them to this aflbction. Sheep are covered wth cold will not affect them. This soft coat sucks up the wet and sticks closely to them; thus the whole body becomes enwrapped in a cold, wet sheet, so to speak The skin IS thus destroyed as an aerifying organ and as s'urcwT: tr'^f ^^'' ?r ' *^« ^' -' -»'^ be-- suichaiged w th carbonic acid gas, for the skin purifies he blood by Its secretion, such ts, for instance, peW^! tion If we look at circumstances of this kind we mav rnVl\Tr^^*'"^r P-d-P«-S causes 'flrtM^ and, in tact, for many other diseases. It very rarely occurs that we can treat cases of this ' " ^' ^^s quiukuoss of the malady. There DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 59 is abdomitml pain from the condition of the peritoneal membrane ; grinding of the teeth ; and wlienever yon find cattle or nheep doing thia you may be sure that they are in grt^at piiin. There is a peculiar staring of the eyes ; their vision is affectful; they stagger from side to side, showing to tis the impainnent of the brain — hence the eye is affected. The pulse is v(!ry mpid, but nearly indistinct; there is great difficulty in breathing — in fact, we find them panting. We find an enlarged abdomen at the inferior part of it ; it is nipped in at the loins. There is a great disposition to k(>ep recuml)ent; we sometimes find that they will attempt to roll. These symptoms are generally followed by convulsions ; then comes death. Post-mortem Appearances. — Within the abdomen wo find a largo quantity of fluid of a blood-rod colour, but this is not necessarily a symptom of true "rod water." Suppose inflammatory action to liave taken place, and you do not examine thf animal for four or five days after, you would, in all likelihood, find a red fluid in the body as a consequence. Then, again, there is another I)oint in which you might make a mistake : you may find the kidneys broken up, and hence you may think that it has had a disease of the kidneys ; but in this disease we find the peritoneum, or the memljrane covering the intes- tines, blanched. If this membrane should be a little red it will be stained only, and the vessels will not be gorged with blood as they would had there been any great inflammatory action. When you set; this symptom or appearance, unaccompanied with any other sign of disease, in other parts of the body, you may be quite sure that you have had a case of red water, and not any other disease. Give stimulants, as the oH of turpentine combined with ammonia. Puncture the cavity of the abdomen or belly about a hand's breadth from the sheath, in a straight line towards the brisket. Change the food gradually, first giving salt, and afterwards tonics, as the sulphate of iron, in small doses. Popit-mor- tem ftpjidir- aucea. Carp must ho taki!ii not to I'liuriiniiil tliig discane witJi 8onm other, Treatment. HiEMO-ALBUMENURIA, OR RED WATER IN CATTLE. This disease prevails in some parts of the country more tha:i in others — in the cold, wet and undrained parts generally £. ^en in spring and fall. In .some districts it prevails more in cows than in oxen, and vice versa. We must look to the food the animal gets, the way it is kept, and the quality of the food given ; for, of course, the digestion of the animal must depend upon the quality of PrevaiU more in some parts of the coun- try than in others. Depends a great dea\ upon the quality uf the food giv«n. ^^ ''^■'HV MAN BIS OWN FARRIER, tho food sho iri'tn Tli«« » • i i-r calf, .11 il fed J ;U iin "aIi u "*'"' '"'^ •";"'''-d rou.tf« an ultor(^st 1,uh heon f,.l/ ■ w • !i^ '^ l^^^tion in which such ttc^l"" that '' oj,,,o.sito 1'7 medical aid. The s^ fsT.^; f i. ."*' "'L^'" "''"^-' scarcely feel it when tl! ■ \-^ -''''^"' **" t*>'it ^vo can ^jta!iah„.;^^'-;.:t:r:rc^ ?^S\.:^dS?;:„:.f j-t- '^^^^ will also be of a ye ." nS,,; "^ *''« "jr"- '"embranes from tho too mvat a smMtim. . •i' 'V'" '^" *''" "l^i". not of thecanilI,;i,ramlTl£ ' •' "'f'.^"* *'•""' " »-"pttn-e will be a diili , ;' ^' ;^^ ^;;:;f -'•«' ""i;! exudes. L.-e «on,etin.es a loatlfi 1 oX'^Z;;"' ?7'' 'r' '''•'•'■^'^'^ «"•» or decn3«,so of secretions ~ J ' ''' -"^ ' '^ ''^'"'""tion extremities, horn eZ ? u"^^' '1'"",'""^ ''^"^* ^'^ '""k; eoat; tho pnlse n;a'"v do .^ '""^f.l'V''"^ '^"'^ ^ «*"""« frequently. ^ ''''"^^^ ' '^ discharge of urine very ^^ ^l!X'"'' f '^' ^^^'^«'^y— It iH very f ttal T. ■ generally a change either for the bott<^^>, f ., "''"'' '■' i"::-^-'^- ^^--i^^erL^dstiTr: We have, Ue^ly sne Ikinl "'r'^ ^""' ^'-""^ «'"»• ai>pearance^ofthe:];g:Kto?^^^^^^ aperient, s«ch a.^ii:'Lwh!g ''^ '''^- ^'^« ^ ^'^e b/giveV° Epsom salts ,, Compound tincture'of aioea' ' \, T"'"- Sulphur ""^^^o^^" 3 to 4 ounces. Gruel, thin and warm ." .' .' .' '. [ i p^t.'"'''"''- DfSEASIH OP THE BLOOD. gj If you do not get an altered condition of tho Itowoln in the Hpaco of a few houiH, repeat your doao. L„t the animid 1)0 kept warm, and \m tnudo as comCortahli, aH you can. DuT'ctly the l.owels havo r«• n en-wo- ment of tho organ. The blood is loailec. with bacteHa. Animals that have reached maturity are more prone to this di.sease than either very old animals or veiy young ones It IS seen more among animals that are in good condition than among poorer animals. I have seen !n a tarm three or four animals attacked with it in a day • then no more will be attacked for a day or two, mid by- and-by we see some more of it. It will make its appear- ance (puto suddenly on a farm, and leavo jubt as suddenly. It IS a m .^t fatal disease. A sheep may be foedine, perfectly well; suddenly he will hold up his head, drop down, and die in a few mirmtes. At a post-mortem „„,, „ , examination of the animal all that can bo seen is an Jlm'^lJ^mar- engorged spleen. auoeu. Treatment— or rather preventive measures, for we Preventive scarcely ever get any time for treatment : Alter the food mensure.. upon which they have been fed ; throw sulphate of soda into their water; remove the animals from where they are ; alter their system by an aperient, such as the sul- phate of soda with water. This is tho mo..t mysterious and fatal of the blood diseases. H.EMATOSEPSIS, OR BLACK LEG IN CATTLE. The best-bred animals are more subject to this disease Nature of than low-bred ones, and high feeding and farming are t>>e diaeas o, hkely to help in the production of it. It generally attacks young cattle. The term " Black Leg " i.s given bocause the muscles in one or other of the extremitieo ai-e saturated with stagnant blood, and consequently are black. Age has to do with the suscfit.tibilH.ir r^f +y.c. or.; mal to the disease. It genemlly attacks mammal from e^ne^X '* attacks. 62 EV£RY MAN »IS OWN Parrier. Symptoms Very pecu- liar. ■DllTeronce between the first synip. toins of tliis uiscase nad Mieumatiam Post-mor' tern appea Ances, Treatmeat of tlie disease. together, all of the same breed and „nr'"'''^' '"^"^ ^ miy fall a sacrifice to the dTse.rlv *^f T""^ °n«« may escape. There are no t? ' -Y^'^^ ^" *h« «''! ones animal nlay be Z:n Si !TZtZ f'T''"''- ^" ^ Upnn placing your W upo^a^^^^^^^ --.' tlie part affected you will he.r . if. c "" "^l^^^^^^ from due from the presence of '^ ^ """* "^ crackling sound, tissue. Somet^mrit haJnSZtri- ^" *^^^-«'- the hock joint, and the an nal I ,'''''^'" '^PP^^ ^^ cases may mislead, for Tl^nr'^- ^"\"'' '^'''- ^hese rheumatic iaiflammk oL in fho ifn T •'""''' ^'' ?''«"« <« course of a day or two the ,L ^"S J"'^*" ^"t in the Hkely to r:,ove to anX^oin wl?" '' '"H^^"^ ^^^^^ be back %itisstation^;,'ir^nTtir,K^^ ^'^'^^ «f the muscles of the thich Thpr- ^ ^ .*^^ ^''^' swelling of the P"lse^generi^y'from^Torm ^^^^^^^ ^^?^-^-' The respiration or breathing is attend!^ -i" P"'' °^^°«te. grunt, grinding of the teeth )er- fected. The muscular contractility may be so strong as to pull off the head of the bone. The calcis, or point of the hock, may be broken by spjismodic muscular contrac- tion. A horse, also, when cast for an operation, especially an old one, may through his violent struggles break a portion of his spine, and this is done entirely by spas- modic contraction of the muscles of the spine : even an unconscious movement may be the cause of fracture to a bone. The symptoms of fracture in some instances are so plain as not to require any very minuto examination. In some cases, however, they are very hard indeed to find out, especially when situated in the very fleshy parts of the animal. We will divide fracture into four parts namely, Simple, Compound, Comminuted, and Compound Comminuted. Simple fracture is where there is a bone broken into only two pieces, either transversely or vice versa, without any injury being done to the surrounding tissues. Compound^ fracture is when a bone is broken into two pieces, and the suiTouuding tissue is hurt or lacerated, and thus there is an external wound. Nature of fracture. Some bones are more predisposed to fraoturii tl. an others. The bones of an old ani- mal more liable to fiacturo than a young one. Great and inordinate muscular contractility may break a bono. Simple fracture. Compound fracture. Comminuted fracture. EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER. Compound oomminuted fracture. Our patients difficult to treat for fracture. The way ri which -i;,.- tura uuites the broken bones. Compound con. ninnted W • ^''^''"'^^ °"«««- broken into a nunC^ :Sr'- '' ^^'^'^ '^' ''™« ^^ the surrounding tissues th? ^'''''' ^''"^ *^^.)' 'mre ^ TI-readjustm:;rS^t' :i"-^- '^^^"^ -'fi- keeping of them in their pron m1 ^ ' ' 'T^ """"^ *^'« J" our patients, as thev a5 ^l . T '' ' "^*^"^* t^'""? father a form dablfe affair S ^^^°'' "^ g« '^araUy ia the re-union of a v .^pln J '1 "f*'°" ^^ "™t ^>^ "P or fibrinous ml of'the bl^f " *'r^ «"* ^^e p!a. r« anitestL..^.;^ Jthei^S and this tempuinniy mution i..,: a..,:d ,«,,^"V «**^;- ^ t™e, when iniJam- aviay, v get an absorption of this fArr>nr>+ nf Fore leg. Hnmeruji. Radius, or the long bone aboTe the knee. - "^M-w ,u,v/ pj(,j n,j^ tlv, differ aspii'ont^:S;ft;t^-1'^"r^«'^*b«-.^avin the joint with bone n^xUo i^?r.^ ''""' distance from this bone becor.es Sulj^ humerus-and when If ti>e fracture be smdl and notZ ".? ^^^.^-^i^Pated. piece of fractured bone out ITIt *^' ■'°^"*' '^'^ke the The humerus VthTu ^""^ *^^ '"^^^ ^i» heal, -hen tharbrelstot C,V' *'^ ^>^^« b"-- -d treat it, as the ho,4 ^S not L^°" T '^r^^^ «^^'- you do, and it is ^aoZl 7 • f .""''^ "«« ^^^ ^ork if very hard to treat i sucleslr"^ ff *^^* '' "«">d be this bone is fractured baXu"^-. ^fT^'^ ^^vise that if ne Ulna, or pJnt ofX' ^^,?«"'d be destroyed, attendant upon thTnoC^ ^-^^^^-Great difficulty is account of tie muscXr /'""''^"'^ ^^ '^^ bone,^on patient in sling\^hustkin: "f? ZT ''■ ^^^« ^o- W.a,dkee/hi,rsSls^ol\^^^^ from the feet cure has been e£edTI,'''''f ^^^"^ ^ per- advised, when the fmcture i J . ''""''5*^"^*'"^"* to be to thoroughly e^Se hrc:le^"l';^^ ' "'• ^'•«*^^' slmgs, then adiust snlinf« ^ T ' P^^® *^o animal in of the limb, not" too SlTo t f^^"^^?" ^ the shape stantly foment the pSs ^ 'h^ 1 '^^ circulation; con- succulent diet , after^afe^irv! T*'^t "medicines and ha« passed away, il .^'VS/'^T ?' ^'^^-"^'"'■'^^•on starched bandage Th- " J ^'""^^ ^^^ put oi. ■,. your case. " ' ^ •^' y**" <^n do besides watcL,-. FRACTURE OF THE BONES. 69 These eight bones are made into two rows. In the event of any injury fracturing these bones in the upper row, you will be almost sure to have a stiff joint ; but in the lower row a. re-union may be effected, and but little harm is done. Fracture of this joint generally occurs in the lower row. Put a splint on at the back of the knee, your patient being in slings. Woll foment the [tarts first, and do not put the splint on until the inflammation has passed away. Enjoin perfect rest, and feed on soft food. If a simple fracture, treat it as advised in fractuiv of the radius. If a very bad fracture, destroy your patient. This bone is frequently the seat of fracture, l)oth from the size of the bone and from the ligaments and muscles attached to it. Put roller bandages on it, and you may be successful. In the first place, simple hot bandages of salt and water. In these cases, there Is very often scarcely any swelling. Then, when the inflammation has passed away, put on starch bandages ; leave as much as you can to nature, and help her, now that the inflamma- tory action has passed away, by keeping up the system instead of depleting it. Apply a blister over the parts ; it will tend to increase the circulation, and help the bones in unitin ;^W, nt%lfatlL'eThrmS?^ *^^ ^^*- -."^t years Wenearlydisapplred rt^T^the «°™er teeth^wi? a Hoven years old^ Z Cl^Tkl 'V^^ ^-^'^'^ ^^^isor «t «uc years, or about that tLe "" '^' ''''''■'^ ^^<=i^o,s ^.■■VLr ^x k It