'4' ,V:-L ■ -* IMAC^E EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) n . ■►^^ N / 1.0 I.I 11.25 111 1*0 2.0 1^ 6" \] ,■- ^ ,.,.,.. "v.*' ■^Sciences Carporation 23 WBT MUUN STRUT WnSTn,N.Y. MSM (71*)t72>49<» '^ A^ 'Sk ■^ / CIHM Microfiche Series (IMonograplis) ICMH Collf ction de microfiches (monograph ies) y J Canadian Institufa for Hiatorical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductlona hiatoriquaa ■M-\ -,»T ^,- . ''f>;i»^''« -« Yu.a^s"^»S'i55 oV ^ ^ Tachnical and Bibliographic Notes / Notn tachniquts et bibliographiqiMt Th«< totK \ The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this £opy which may be bibliographically unique, whid^ may altar any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly chanfta the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ la meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. 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Original copfaa in printad papar covora ara fllmad baginhing w^ Cha front covar and anding on tlia laat paga widi a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion, or tfia Nek coyar whan apprepriata. All othar original copiaa ara fllmad baglnning on tha . flrat paga with a printad or Hluatratod Impraa- aion. and andkig on tha laat paga «with a printad or Nluatratad i|npraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach mlerofieha ahall contain ttM| aymbol ^o^- (maanting "COIV- TINUED"). or thf aymbol ▼ (moaning "END"!. «ifhichavar appiida. Mapa. plataa. ehatta. ate., may ba fllmad at diffaront raduetloii ratloa. Thoaa too larga to ba ontlraly bicludad inWna axpoaura ara fHmad. baglnning In tha upppr laft hand comor. laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha followinl diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: 1 3 \ L'axamplaira filmA f ut raproduit g^Aca A la gAnAroaitA da: La bibliotliiqua dts Arehiva* . natlonalat du Canada La« imagaa auivantat ont M raproduitas avac la plus grand aoin. coinpta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da l'axamplaira filmA. at an conformhA avac laa conditlona du contrat da flimaga. Laa axamplairas originaux dont la Couvartura an papiar aat hnprimAa aontfilmAa an comman9ant par Ja pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la damlAra paga qui Comporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon ou dlllustration. aoit par^ sacond plat, aalort la caa. Touaiaa autraa axamplairas originaux aont filmAs an comnfiao^ant par ia pramlAra paga qui con^porta uno amprainta dimpraaaion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talia amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa aulvants apparattra aur la damlAra image da chaqua microfiche, salon la cas: la aymbola ^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la aymbola ▼ aignifia "FIN". / I- Laa eartaa. planchaa. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra filmAs A daa taux da rAduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trap grand pour Atra raproduit an un aaul cllchA. 11 aat filmA A pjsrtir da I'angla aupAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombra d'Imagaa nAcassaira. Las diagrammas auivants illustrant la mAthoda. f 1 2 3 32X 4 5 6 L \' "t^MffA^,*^^ *4d ^ MJi^ f , .-^ v,^ ^, i iit V .jh'!k,|^ i 1*. Mjd^x^i^ '*iM^t^ t-^\»Mity.^'A^^->ih^>.^t^t iw^^y^-yCa ,\^ >« i'^'^"^A^t^'i^^ ' mmmssBtmm f'.t f 1 ' \tei« U StIfGPSlI , (" > or ^ h. >!''■' •* ANDjaiRING ^v ?w., , ' nr \7 bi"' ?;?.%. 'ik» J,.v nntwnr* ,'x«f"i«*ST5f<;-" ^ in the letting «nd . tObNgfttlons of the heator i __^_^ J of tWngs, Ludi, ^^HJJ-^^PISE^Si^'iK"'*"***''?' **^ *•" Les«or iud Lome, Laodloid sad nimuiat mMaOan «ri«MM snd the ousea which M9 riwthentd s T«dt Bdw^oii. w tbrooiiti4i!ii« r AAvtahtmmt, Contnoti of Bi^diiur. te snd the F^lesM «4Bei||0«riMttti« «rWoita^ f»» «« t««e ttiniegw B DOWN TO 'THE PRESEifT TIME, L^ ii*|6|ii» wr i.oi)Ai lereAftirk jjlw Aim rme JtnasntnMtircB TBB OOTOTWr (so »A« A» Wl01Wr)j;; j^t - WITH MARGINALftBPBRENCES: TOALOOtATBO AS NMO trSEVin. T6 OSKTCKBUm COIfirWJTKft WO^tal lUw 8MALI. OATOI OMlinsSIONSBS, PBOPRIBipOHS, BIBBCHAKTS, nettiAncs! 'f V '•V? .' BY ALEXaStDER GORRIE, ••%^ mesms^i^ fWMlBD »T LOyjELl AND GIBSON, ^: WCH^^lMtftMimy 1 ' \ s HHT MO i'.'Aa^A ,>f A I)' -H'k'woj ■m »T»f;v^.<* *^j 1 \ \ -VT^.ri» ! IAHUTP^<;M •N-^ft "i.f/ 890514 *jgll^lj^^^j^l^^^iismii^^>*'t-i* . 'i%r,",%,..v'. m^fiM. O J f *TStT;,T,><«*; jl^, ^ ?; •H.i u* in if;;i titoi/ri' v^ ~K^^-!*'^if^^ > .^^ A SYNOPSIS OF THE , LA^S OF LETTINa AND HIRING OR THii \ ■ ;, . nr LOWER CANADA: 'N > K ^ ♦ «4S Thj Rolw goTernlng thte Coatnei in the Lettinfc and Hlrinr of ThinaL Luidi a«J«,&o., the5ighUMdObllg.Mon.of the LJfSin^;t3fo^^^^ iT^J *^" DiMolBtion of Le«e« ud the omoBes whioh give rue hweto , T»dt rt^iL? f'K?'?i£'?5^ ^~";?'' C«ri5e«, Porte™, PorwMden. AAeiXen: Ae Cratrect of Aflh.iKhtment, Contraets of Building, 4a, wd the i3mL and BeiponBibiUtiet of Workmen and Contnustors: mwiegea BROUGHT DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME, AS AFMCTBD BT LOCAL STATUTE LAW AND THE JOBISPRCDEKCB 1>r THE OOUNTBT (SO FAB A» KNOWW); . WITH MARGINAL REFERENCES: CA LCULATBD AS BBUIO USBFUL TO OENTLBMEW CONNECTED WITH THE LAW SMALL CAUSE COMNISSIONEBS, PEOPBIETOHS, MEBCHAWTS, MBCHANICs' ANDOraEBS. ' BY ALEXANDER GORRIE, jAbterjf PubUe, mnd lUgutrar of the Comfy of Terrebo^,, ^ C. MOyH ME ALi PHINTED BY LOVJSLL AND OrBSON, ST. NICHOLAS STRBEl^ I 1848. -ii» ' H. . ^ n I It'M 1 .i\' \' > ^ J s \ \ 7 \ # .1^ \\ TABLE OF^ CONTENTS. Chawbr r. Of the nature of the Cbntrnt of Hire, general information thereon, 5 Ch^ptmIL Of Letting out Thin^ (Lands Honaes, &6.) 7 J SeetioH I. What things Ire may Lease, and how, and of the effects \ of th^ Lease,,! * //. Of the Obligaticks of the Lessor, (Landlord, &c.),...... . 9^ III. Of the Rights of\he Lessor, (Landlord. Ac), n IV. Of the 0bligation8\of the Lessee, (Tenant, ftc), 13 V. Of the BighU of thi Lessee, (Tenant, &o.) ^.t:::^.. is F/. Of the Disiolntion ofXeases and the canses which give rise theretOn....'. .\..i , m VII. Of Tacit Belooation, or\the continuing of Leases with- ' out particular agreementi j„ ig Cbaptkb IlL Of the LetUng out of Labor or Industry, .,. 19 Sectuml. OfSenrante,Laborers,App\«ntices,Joumeymen,Clerk8, and Seamen, and (heir Employers 20 ■\, //. Of Carriers, Porters, For ///. OftheOontnustof Aifreighl IV. Of Undertaking Jobs or Cont F. Of the Privileges of WoAmwi and ASreighters,... 2S 27 I of Work, 29 nd Contractors, 31 \ 1 "■ ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORITIES, &c., - • \ •CITED IN THIS WORK. ^•^•^ Civil Code of LouuiM.. J^" ^ v-Code /Vapohkm, Cdvaj.. ^^'' Cputume tTOrUan*. ' 5'^'"; CoutumedtParu. Ftrriirn. *• Conteil SupMetir de QtOite. IT8S. 26Tol*.4to. ^ J"' «»•* Allowing nuq^bers, &C. '^°' FrmiHville. ^ ^<»^eau*de La Combe. Ree. Jur Civ ^ r. » c. K....i„ ft^«. ,,„^ ^ ^; — « p«:r«,^r™'°'"^"'----^'^ ?*'*' f" i?V«rft»rt de Juri^mideMce. Moiitml, in 1849. It 1. p«.a»ed that the oth„ refc«„ce. wyi b. CMily und.r.tood. I i ^ \ m..^..J- ^ T— - '=» - I A SYNAPSIS OK TIIK LAWS OF LETTING ANI) HIRiW. CHAPTER I. 0/ the nature of the Coniraei of JBirej i.lo^ *"■ ^'"^ " * Synallagmatip contract,* to whicL consent p. u.«h^ i alone is necessary and by which oiwparty gives to ailother, the «.»*T lenjoyment of a thing, or his hibi»rat a fixed nrfce It iS itlT"^}"^ ^^'J^'r °^."**"™^ ^"'*y '» comn^o^lit'h othe" rnTpclr' C" '^^' -P-^*^'^^ " i -»>i«eted ^ To this contract, as to that of sale, three things ari absolutely 3. • f. Iherefore, if the thing does not exist at the time of the bareain— If thepnce is not certain and determinate, or is incapable of 37f l^'ll^^fZ'r'^.-^'^^out/ih.r party h^ing an^inffice on LtT^^ l>argain,-or ,f arty of tj^e parties .is incapable' of.P. ob. «. r. giving a legal consent through waSt of age, fdby, Cue so'""- far inebnated as not to have the use of -Sne'f wn^^-iFone of the parties is a woman under marital authority, knd is not dtfly •ny of these cMMthere 18 no contract. / . ' Although a«peh deed is not necessary to the vaUditv of a p i ' pontrajt of LdHVet « testimonial or^proS is 2 X^ed ^^ ^ "^* liS^ *5!Pi Z «>'^««d1 case-, ^re the S^SS ' cUitaed i» over ^4 8s 4d, orintheCommigsionSs' Court. £6 ?• oath 0^ the other, he should h«.e itreduced tW bo, over the amount which mav b« ' Y^^^rir^A P~P."*»^' "«^y instSute Se .cS A the oppodte party, and recover the vriarof^e rent. or^tE jiiu£ J. >r -> 1 ^ u. Bail rtrbal. Erp. J. QuifUne*. RrtiMuIUon p. M». TouIUer.l 3, t S, c 8, ■ i. Mo. 32. DtlniM. , Uuraoton, iV«IM. So. l«, f Jei. ° LliJTTINO AND HIRIKG. . fruit, gathered according'toestiixution. But othemi*., wh« .. P"ce, wh<5q the leaw la of a »hou«e or of T»nd. and ttfo WoH«a«j/o. »"« » the occupation has not commenced, the oath i8*deferred rX*'^t *«•*»'« I^Jty contesting the claim. When .the amount of ?;«%«*J; T"!.^!*- *"'^' t'l«P«/'°«nt. for the past' or current year, or the m .^".'J,. conditions ^f the e^agement. are in dispute betwei a servant ^..„.i,..p. and master \he master's books, if ho keeps any, are iufflcient i...,conr ,.. along with his oath; 4f not he is believed solely on oath.'itovided the ^ages are reasonable. If the heirs of tEe maSCe ^ knowledge as to the contract and t^ages. tlie o»th is>then deferred to the servant These rules do not ^eclude the production of better proof when practicable. CSee/urtfier infra, c. 3, n^l) An m all other annual rents, Ihe receipts for the three last years cause the payment of the former years to bexp^esui^d tnd the price of ^4 lease of a farm cannot be demaHded K five years. Like almost all other<5BfnalIagmatic contracts, when it is redu- ced to writing under private signature, it should be made in duplicate, each party keeping' a counterpart ; but if the leskee IS already in occupatidn of the premise^ the lessor wifl have recourse for his rent, although the only original sh^ld be in the Jatt^M possession; and should one party signify to the dtlier his acceptance o^a written contract of lease, made sinfcle. add iir iJossession of the opposite party, the Court woiild mo^ probably cause It tp be respected.- . *^ ^ As there are promises of sale, so tWe maybe promises of , lease, and where earnest is given, the party giving the ear- nest may draw back, by forfeiting ,the earnest, and the opposite party by returning the earnest and as much more; exceiftioe that Prerot d. u T .f " ^H P'"°P"«*°'^ T^^^" *<> "»« the Bouse himself, hTforf-eits u:Z,%^. nothing for drawing back. {See infra, c. 2, s. 6„) There are 5ta. certain leases of farms, &c.. where the lessor and the le^e divide the fruits between them^ Thisis a kind of partnership. / J^*'* *** '*' ''°l«« general'y. by t in regard to the enjoy- men€ of-^ft^^roperty, and the work or industry to be furnished . , by the partie^t is the same as in the contract of lease p lot 1 1. i.nJJK'T Ti*r^ *^^**. °^ ^*"°J ""^ ^^"°«' *''«» of things, «-.it.\'4f"*/5'»t of labor or industry. To let out a thing, is . con- PUU...7 ^* ^"^^'^ one of the parHes binds himself to grant to the * ir^y: other the eiyoymefit of a thing, during a certain time, for a * certain stipulated r«nt or hire, which the other agrees to pa* - him. He who leases out a thing Ja called the leswr, and hj who takes the lease the lessee; which answers in leases of immo^ 373. 385. w 7»We8 to the terms, Landlord and Tenant. To let out Ubor Or «,J; »•'■"' induatry is i eontract by which one of the parties binds him- self to do*Bomething for the other, in consideration of a certain pnce agreed upon between them. They will be treated of more two acpaniw ctwipwF>5- ^ „ i , . — / .l:v. y- LETtiNO AND HI Rlko. ^i CHAPrER II. - - 0/ Letting out Things. ^ Section I- *" , ,• hat thingt we map ttau or Hire, and of tht efftcU qf the -* ' _ Lea$e. ' . ^ •■ ■ ■ -'■,"'' Allthioft majr I>e leased out, ^hetlier movable, or immo- p Lau4««. » rable, corpore&l, or incorporeal, excepting tjipse which are -"* '" ^iisumed' in the tiBing, as money, wheat, &Cy and" those which xist in favor^tofj|»ticuIar persons only, as a rightof habitation; levertheles8, anCmfru^t may be seized, leased^ sold, or hypothe- lated. Spiritual functions cannot bS leased, but their revenues Bay. Prediifor Innd, servitudes cannot be leased, sepqrate » 4)m the heritage in faVor of which they exist. The thing. » • ised may be indeterminate, as it may be a hortt, without spe- pfying which one. ^ He who possesses a thing belonging to another may let it «. • a third persqn for the purposes to whichr it is generally applied w. aly ; and in these cases he warrants the ecgoyment of it ugainst ~# lie claim of the owner. Tutors and other administrators, iiay ^ sase the property entrusted to thgm provided it is done- with- . - Dut fraud, for no "idiger a term than the law pc their s^flo, • "ower allows them, and without anticipation, which means gene-^ illy,^ that it should not be made more than six months ' before Ihe expiry of a former leas^.this however, is not lidd down as a Ucomb,. Icertam rule; there may b6 cases where it may be advisable to »•*'••'.'»•• Jeaseayear, or even /wo, previous to the expiry of a former ' leas^ and, in such cases, neeessity, and thf general custom of The locality should b© followed. The husband may lease his wjfe's p Pui«««e private immovables for a term of nine years, if they ar^situ- t^m"^ ^ ittd w oounti^ parts. I am not aware i^ the disposition of Aruiir.. *e -Custom of Ptois, which authorise him to lease thftse situated |in the city of Paris, for a term of six years, obtains in any of the cities and towns of Lower Canada. In aU other cities than that of Paris within the jurisdictfon of its Custom he could -»nly make a one year's lease, and it is possible that this ^ ule may be generally ob^rved. As with the leases of other administrators, it should not be mad^ by airticipafion; but if the community of >t»roperty subsists beWeen the husbahd and wife after the commencement of the new fea|e, and without any prospect of the community being speedily ^ssolved by death or sentence, this rule will ndt be observed rigorously. When the ter^ of lease has not been agreed upon, if the p. Lou-g.. object 18 one of] which the fruits or revenoM are gathered but f'£- . once a year, it^s supposed to^ be made for ■,< •, [ 4 J,, i'. J-fi\. Droit. SmpkyUote lUh el«iM and Ibl, Cn«t. Fwii aU9. •.Droit, {oe tit. Sltt ol. n. Droit loto houses or farms, if the time of delivery has not been agreed upon, possession should be given at the commencement of the first ordinary term next ensuipg^^ according to the custom of the locality; and with regard to other things, it should be whenever require j;]^ the les8d||^If the lessee makes no demand for delivery the lessor mi^ summon him to take possession, in default of his. doing which the Judge may order the rent to run on in the n^eantime. The lessor is further obliged to deliver the thing in good condition and repair, according to its destination ; thus, a dwell- ing should be proof against rain; the doors and windows of a house or store, should be reasonably secure, against the intrusion of robbeiv, &c. He ought to make, during the continuance of the lease, all the repairs which may accidentally become necessary excepting such as are incumbent on the lessee, as will be shewn in the 4th Section of this Chapter. Repairs' which unfpreseea events may fender necessary, are at the expense of the lessor, even although they be among the number of those which are usually incumbent on the lessee. The cleaning of wells and privies are also at his expense, unless the contrary has been sti- pulated, or unless the wells have been dirted or damaged by the lessee. If jthe lessor fails in those obligations, the lessee should call upon him to fulfil them, and on his failing to comply, the Judge may, l! Aot3,W.4., o.l.,«.tto4. Ord.f Vic. 0.47. D. D. Lm^ emtmlUm toll*. aia. I'V- 10 I-BTTINO AND HIKING. II SIfol. 86fol. 7S77fol. P. Lonage, 1», 131? ruDtinn /-T-t- T^ J* *li?^^'' occasioned him by the inter- ^nu.p. neceasarjand urgent repairs are required theTe«,orTl ^ p. Looage, ifi«,nn i,-, k^„ j . ""*"««=» »w ine extra time: and if the '«», ui, 18. t«'8oe ha« been deprived of the use of the whole or nf n-J «f distinguishing whether the leTs'^f a trL'Te SJS If which were gathered from day to day successivt^; or^^^^^^^^ &«., the revenues of which are reaped only by 8^on«^ 2 allowance made accordingly. ^ ^ seasons, and The lessor is obliged to indemnify the lessee for all nPo..««,. without b^ng necessary, the lesse. has'no claim forTeimburse P^«S.' dtaen.io.. „d bound., Z S SX^^^m^J'^^^ and If there eiute mote than i. specided, the l2.ee ^.'Sf.; Sfh..t\wrf*°,h;T3„'..'«d'S,"?' ""'«'T- «» . dtainntion in the ren^L^^S "'i.tl^'^^J^^^^y*""^ -_ .* ., *: . "««B luoooa or any species or iervitude on 83- iZoiM 48. P- V«iil*SS3 , toSM. T. Looage, 111. C. F. 149 It if thele.... ,. ^^ ■^^ZZ'Zl:^^'^:^^ ^ *Theie rnltt «• d«a„ to tho» obMrT«d in lh« CoBtTMt Of Wfc lEITINO OUT OP THiiras. 11 1» Kb nwjt^call the lessor in warrantj and be dismissed from the suit If he requires it, hy ritftning the person under whom be holds, unless the lessee was aware of the claimant's righta before leasing, and the lessor was ignorant of them. A wife, after the dissolution of her marriage, is bound to c. p. im cany out the leases m.ade by her husband of her property: pro- £i.^'»««' vided they have not been made iivfraud or by anticipation} and si* provided that the husband's ordinary power, in this respect, has ST* "• '' not been restricted in their marriage contract. For the ordi- '• '»*»• *■ nary power of the husband^as Administrator of his wife's pro- "^- "'^ perty, seeMpra.c. 2, s. 1. v i Section III, Of the Rights of the Lesser. In verbal leases, and those made under private signature, the Ptod. ?. o. lessor, and subsidiarily the sub-lessor, have a right of pledge. £i*'il? and of attachment, suite, in the hands of others, on the ftwni- t^i -^ *" ture and effects of the tenant and sub-tenant^ which serve^to l""^ """ garnish, stock, or furnish the premises leased, including wares, »•»•«-«« goods, grain, agricultural produce and utensils, &c., aajordinif vTli to the nature of the propertyleased, for three terms and the LS^'i current one at IBieir respective rates of possession, if the lease '• »*^ ' IS of houses^ An- »ni1 fni. a «^«.. :<■ ^r t> to .i . . S3 f. drawn out . 'f **? — — ..~»» .<».i...^ uuc IB wus pnvuegea. rue o. f. 171 privilege is exercisable on furniture, &c, leased, lent, or sold, Ji,^'^' by third persons to the lessees, and found on the premises, but »«p- J- 1.», not onthose tnmsiently or accidentally on the premises, such as fi^^* tiie ^gage of a traveller, work or things sent to a woA- **"• "•"' man for repairing, effects lodged with an auctioneer for sale. «c.;--nop on the papers, accounts, jewellery for use, &c., of the tenantior the jewellery or apparel of women, nor on goods sold to the lessee without a term of credit^ if the seUer expected prompt payment, and chums them without deby; provided they are not broken upon; nevertheless creditora of bankrupts un- der our present bankrupt kws, are not aUowed to revendi- «te goods sold to them, but they may stop them in tratuUti. By a judgment of the Court of Queea'a Bench, the pri- vilege may be exercised on the goods on a quay, for the rent of the quay. The lessee is entiUedtoretain the following articles in p £«-«. «ll cases of execution, ri*.:— the bed, bedding, and necessarv w ViR" wearing apparel of himself and f«nlly, on,.^w, threTS^ ^^.f* - «ne hog, ugh to war^t teiae the effects, \ main levie of Ives with good int and fatat«. )h of Qaebe<^ a I not operate a hings seised by >-tenaot to the le lessor's claim, the lessor may, e opened, after :ta to be taken. j l toia i diars ria- nMdgfatasyifbr MitiaM«eo| in gm«aU|jr ebtaiB. IjferrikO OBf OF THINGS. 13 The duiig and manare on a farm, which «re destined for enrichmg the soil thereof, belong to tlfe proprietor, and the lessee should not dispose of 4hem; bat custom wffl influence considerably here. Rep. J. Fktmiers. I believe that the lessor has no right to post ap placards on a house leased, for its lease or isle, against tbe lessee'W iHll:— borne q^nes take the precaution to insert the permission in the aeed. He may nevertheless visit or cause to be visited, the prrasises, when necessary for their good keeping. Wh^a iMse of immovabl«5^ has been made to a trader, who adRerwards becomes bankrupt, for more than one year originaUy, the lessor is privileged for the rent and its incidental expen- ses on the bankrupt's effects found on the premises, if the rest of his effects are insQffieient, to tbr end of the current yearly term, provided the Commission of fiankroptcy has issued, three months previous therefeT; at the e^ of which term, the lease IS cancelled, unless the assignee ^hooses to continue it for the Ijenefit of the creditors, on payiig the lessor's elaim for. the whole term of lease. (Temporatf). ■'''SECTiok ivy OftkeObUgaU^oftheietue. TJ'S^JS bound, without aiiy agreement to that effect: «ffi2".n* ♦ '/^r"'** *^P^i«««» with saleable property SpS Mm ^"^"^ f z^"*** °^ whi I >-.■ 14 I«BTTINa AKO HIEIHG. r. iiit.f: li, e. Or. M in t D.D.Boaa D. D. 347.360. P. LoiiiK«k til. Baej- BItth, Jnrii. BdL P.C78 Act 3 W. 4, e. 1, 1. 1. P. Int.tlt, e.Or.M. tss. C. M. 1754. C.C.L.MM. O. D. Am. JtaMwl 4a AV«r«ih Fk. rit, 184B. IteaiMUw. Int. t. !• «. Or.M. P. £«Mm wriofnlioii* dir.£« 8Sf. ir«r The lessee w liible for such losses aod iojuries only, as occur ' through hia own fauh or that t)f the persons of his fainilT, servants and sub-tenants. Pothier, Ferriire and IDo^at saj that the lessee is liable for the loss occasioned by fire, unless he can prove that it occurred through some Muitous event, or was communicated 'Irom a neighboring premises. Touiller says that ittwlongs to the pnqprietor to prove that the fire accrued through t^e lesisee's fault, which is conlbrmftble to the C. C. L. I am not aware how these losses woidd be judged in Lower Canada, but am inclined to think thaiihe courts would be lenient towwrds the lessee. Jt is customanr to insert a clause in nota- nal leases exonerating th» lessee firom responsibility for acci- dental firea. ^> • : The lessee of a £um, &c should sow and cultivate it jo a becoming mwaner, so as to have the land on the whole as rich as It was at the beginning of his lease; leaving as much meadow "Md, «w; If a garden forms part of the property leased, its :eeping in order is obligatory on the lessee. Whenever a property leased requires repairs, which by la» oirstipulation are incum|>ent on the lessor, should the less^ hibder their being made, he may be compelled to compliance by an Wder from the Judge, and if he stiU persists in his opposition he is liable to pbrsonal arrest and damages. "^e repairs which should be made at the expense of the lessee are ail those minor repairs which generally arise through hia own fiiult and that of his family, and not through the age or bad qn^ty of thp parts deteriorated, or through fair wear and tear; aniong which may be mentioned, those which during the lease it becomes necessary to make^-To the hearth, chimney back and dasings; to the plastering of the lower parts of inte- rior walls; to the stone ahd brick pavement of rooms, when bat partially broken; bat not to those of yards. \ For repladmg window glass, when broken accidentally, but not whett broken by a hail storm, or other inevitable accident. \ To windows, Vhatters, partitions, shop^indows, lo<^s and hinges, and all sudh things; and to fence^ and ditches, according to the custom of toe place. In emphiteotio l^ues the lessee is liable for all repairs which concern the utility orythe property. If the state of the^iremises has not been taken aceoant of by writing, the lessee^ presumed^to have received them in a good sta^ of minor repti^ but the contrary may be proved; it is therefere his interest to establish their state before taking poflsesuon. It will also Mt prudent for the lessee of a farm stock, to establish the state df the latterjf they do not appear in gopd health And oonditionl The same role holds goodiii regard to the hiring of movabUf* \ *^IHr feff^^uty^ the l e sa ee of irtnrm to prevCTf M>y Wpti)&iS-^ menta or osaipations on it, whetl^ for ownership or serv&^des, by noUfyiog the propri«tor and hmderiu them, ander pain of damages. ^ iTtny «Bfroii«l[- OBUQA^IONS AKD BIGHTS OP LBSBSEES. 15 A lessee who has paid his rei^Jn advance lo his lessor, may be obliged to pay It \a second time, to one who becomes the purchaser in^ justice df the property, adjudicafaire, during his .tease and enjoyment. In farmage on shares, the fruits should ^ paid the lessor when gathered. \With regird to the ViVfie. payable by Roman CathoScs to thto curates, and w^ich\ consist in the twenty-sixth minot of *^°', ^'^°', winnoWed, thrashed and cleaned from the propwty Wa, the proprietor and th©^ lessee pay them, each one li^ proj^rtionto wha^ he draws, whether in grain or in money,, unless there is a <^ntrary agreement. The grain is dehverahle at the presbyt^rial house. (With regarJ to the ^ntnbutlonforthe building or repairing of Roman Catholic churches, W Ency. Meih, Juris. Bail p. 685, and PotAiir ihe less^ occupying ahiouse, like all other occttpants. is responsible for the damage caused by any thing thrown or feUing from his windows, &c., whether it is done by day or night, and this hven should he be ab8ent,«or ignorant& property, ba^ on this there ia nothing estebUshod as vtot as far as 1 Ml awu^ It is ^robdble however, that en|Ute(>tio leasees sst. fSMh ,M. l-i^»-* i^.l^^. j.«1~ "'"^. ?^*" fe Y/uhZ .vl 1 J i ^Kr ■ ^"^ tur »ue oenent ot tne crediton. OreYen ^^;/;.^rtonld he^Mjj i^^^^ . The tenant is c^tled to recoyer dbmagea if he has not iwoi kept weaker tight, Icfer et cauv^) andT^maronSae thS csomDeosatiiMt iuninM\*h« ««♦ a^l-u i-_ _. ly.rPP"^ inemin a>Tiiii *^ "««-"« Mgai, M?iw « coMiwr*;; and he may optwse th^min ^^<;. ^mpens«ti<« 1^^^ rent Shinld he quit^h^Wh! <^Cnn4tlOn. But tbn lAawM> .UAwM «. -n ^l... _. -^ «unBg Ord.l«|». "«v.? ?L«^.r ^^'^'-i^^ St:.I.S?rf "Tu" »«r>*»^° *<> *»»« »«Mor, he is supposediS ^/ijJ* niT.* Tl?'^ forlts ooimon destination.^ ToS f^ th! ? •■^I^f/T" **^°* ^ demanded after flVa years irom the expiry/of the lease. » " . Skotioh Vl. . , fl/ the Lease, and the causes tohieh givettse thereto, of course at the eitpiration rf the time agreed Jflg necessary on either pan to notify th* i^hen th^is a wrttteft coi|kfct; bufWhai c««r*c^ or If the lease is cohtinned by tadt ■ a "tWrtll^l ijr n«j6eiiaiy, on the part of who- S^.J? ^^''^ji^^^*J!L^ "^ yahw of 0/theDissoh ^;^^ iTrtie lease Mv.7aM.^> withodt fwV A. ♦*b«' Fiw^TJ 2r*-**'iher«iafid. ■4^L_, _ „ 4iort^JMrI^ iHli, Ipr iibiith ia ii iery conttrtaa nt fcn^ eooQtrt dwellfngii a tatiiAk 1M M««^L# ftrbfMi«'«r a ■«?< «i.iif .1. '■^p" '-N"" ^ <^f n
';<':irfn^ " '^^mt tfi%paI^ita y- wTi TiiT — ^Itis not' ettrdseaWe In emphiteotic leased ilbr in IiMaea''(ijr^>> Jurms, Bopiwhen jOie |»r^rietor U »«nounce*toth«i'»)dA. tS %Si,^L kejee diooM bare * «««fabte#ii«,ing of tb^ iSlaKSt n^ cannot be <^ed into effect but at the ordioiry seaibbl^ »^«. SffiV JitTSif^i' ^*' excipt in oases of iir^etilns''^ ^fS&rS,^* !*.l^ WWt'aad eiKjuiw if it is bis inS^ 18 I4BTTIIIO AND HIBIMO. P. Leaac*, •at Ml. Ord. 4 Vto. AotTVlo.o. •■^•.UL 4^-' lf« an^ p. f7T,T«?. Burton, Law of BmitlaBd, p. ill. ■•a aao.3ai ^11 ' ■•■ If thelewor Bells the thing leased the purchaser ipay expel W iTi^Srl!."*'' regard to leases passed since 3|si becem- Der, 1841, if the property has been speoii^Ilj niortgaged /or a r r T^?"' to tAeleuee in warranty, anlthd mort- gage has been duly registered, before the registration of the sale, the lessee may atteck the bu^er for damages, if the lessor cn^ not otherwise indemnify him for his eviction. So also in aU notarial leases made before Slat December 1841, and^dulr rjM^istered even without any special mortgage on the propert/. The purchaser, according to Pothier, should allow the leasee to enjoy the thing for the current year at the price of the contract, but It may be doubted if this is obligatory. ««>»raci, An action for the resolotion of an emphiteotic lease cannot^ be manntained, unless the- lessee has been placed in default, (en demture,)Bo indeed it may be said of all actions in resolutfon of leases for non-fulfllment of stipulations or obligations, when there IS possibility of yet fuiailing them. , » "» " A lease is^ot dissolved by the death of either the lessor or lessee, but continues to subsist between them or their heirs. A chiuse of bankruptcy may be inserted in a lease, to prosvida. either that the lease shaU become nuUin case of the lessee'il ba.nkwptcy or insolvency, or that theHandlord^hall have tbe option 61 resuBiing it. The lessor may stipuhte that the lessee/ abaU insure his cpovables to a certaiteamount, and transfer the insurance to him in. case of fire, to warrant his rent. A leas* nM^e m fraud of creditors, jnay, like all such acts, be rcaroked. and another made in it* place by the Court. \ Leases of iminovables, made for more than one year, are cancelled by bankruptcy, unless the assignee shall choose it to be continued for the benefit of the creditors, f Temp^raryJ. Section Vn. Of Tacit Relocation^ •. .•«i.aH. .^«*» **»« ^eM«e continues to occupy the premises leased ^ &»?:*" 2? ff.^*® }^ ^xv\T^A beyond eight days, (Guyot ^ when the rent is under three hundred Jivres), or; if it is a -^ole hpuse or workshop, fGuyot says, when over three hun- Wd J c— / "^ u "^^ *°? '. *•** **»*"' ^<** ""' afterwards expel him. ;S»- ••• '^ (wid he cannot do it before), he is suppoMd to succeed to a new p. tat t Hi S^ °^ *'**' P~P«rty on the same terms as the preceding one. «».0r.7*f.> "» however, any plausible cause exuted which may have pror Tented the tessor from showing a contrary dispoaitipn, the leau u not tacitly renewed. In thegustoni of Orleans, the tacit re- loc^n of aV house was prennmed ^fter eight days, and with . *^l?*} *o """•»■ »t '^ left to the prudence of the Judge. But eatt the tadt relocation be presdmed, because one party haa not ^^"^^Wm ©"'^"■iomflxe* no time *r the previous notifl. ??*♦ J*^ the^iMfjf. Meik. Jurv>., savs that fc conseqnenoe jM i* soffieient to hinder tli« x«Ioc«tioii tlipl U^t imti^.l^|lr^ ---^_, on t. II, a. 4. 0»d; im. Aete • VIo. 0. a% n. S ft i>aiid 10 V. o. n,'$imra (•VlwrTft 4tbMs7Scs. .1 \ "\ RBLOCATIONflL ETC» on the iMt day of th« Uarm. The custom or usage of the place wiU howevei have the ^test weight in the decision of such matters; but it should fee remembered that although it is usual logive a much longer warning, it has not been customary to •qjudgH^^continutoob of; the lease for Want of this longer T"u"^*/H^**i^J' r*^' **•»* • precautionary custom, or one which IS foltetred through good will when convenient, should not be considered as Mone sulBcient to confer anubsolnte right to continue the lease/in favor of either party, when not followed by^e other. / . lether, after the last day of the temi bdt -Msary for presuming a tacit rj^location,"^ may claim a discontinuance of the lease, ning, is perhaps undecided, tacit relocation is simihir to that for which nature is generally leased in the same ^lily. intry dwelling houses in tVe French Canadian he 1st May an<^29th of^ptembet. Shops __^^--ieraIlT leased for a year, from the 1st of May. -ToTfatmn, it/ should be for from one to three years, according to the time generally necessary tp gather an average revenn^ aooording to Jhe nature and destination of the property, and the crops. The cqiktom of the pitee is one of les in such oas6, and the term of the previoos itly influence the| decision, according fo drcum- J Ju. r'. The question, before the time above, either , without prsTious The term of t1 property of a lik The terms for ci settlements, are in a town are y F. £«wv(, SM£37. MUeomdue. ' tttmlUh. ' D. T}.Taea$ tkm. fT- the rotation thto surest g lease may g stances. Althoughythe lessee should sticceed thus on the saiiae terms a» the preofeding J«»se, the sams hypothec or mortgage cahnot !?**v"*-r'' ™ ®**®' P^ *•* warranty} nor are the sureties «>r the for^ier lease responsible for the ffew one. relocation obtrins, f ith regard either to movables Theta( or immo maybe r^rd cation 'ables, b«t With rc„. itinued whenever leasee made t&t nine- it o^un. JPhe CHi to movables, the new lease lither party pleases, and with !§rg- jMt to Mr. tain fltniMl. KMtofpi^. «••#» to tiM to ly- li■e«i^ Ard. Workmen may hire oat thci^ Uboii indostir or (aUntt. to^mdte buildiag. or other Vot|||or bjind^ng jl^S SiOTioii L 0/ frvar^ Laborers, Jpprmiuiea, Jaumeynim, Uerka and Seamen, and their respective Empl' - ' regulated in the absence of particular law or exi D7 tfte ral«8 governing Cbnventionaf Qbligatic In the Quarter Seiwidna of Quebec, J' "^ Rivera, the Juatieea were Mthprised SS?rnl:^' ^""^ ^' ifouujwithin their SSli- -J'X^S/^ ^- ^^1^*1.'^ •• ^ «»"*^»» that "from Md after the punng of thi. Act, it .hall and may be lawful for the Justice, of the Peace, an* they are hereby wthoriS M?' ^^t *••" ?1?«"' Q"*^*' Sewion. Jf th? fSS held in the District, of Quebec, Moptreal and Thn^m^ Jgipect v«ly, to make Rule, and Re^ulStion, !o^^,^V^^ A^ernthe.pprentioes.dom«ticCh?r^ S; ??": "^-P*?'^* «-trict^ and .Uk, to mhke rule, and ^. fehon. for the conduct of marter. and miatresw. toward.^. ■tod .pprenticea, domertic, hired Mrrant. and jouraerme^ 2^ ?L^' ^^''^ ^ "^y *^<» of «hem, for thVoirtrSs tS^^.^'l:^^ •»}Three.Ri.er^re.p^tively:-£,'tSS ■Iwj^ that nothing herein contained riiall be undewtood td give p. domestic., hire d «^nt. P^ou^gg M»»eir^9^teri ^^autreue^ i^dHfjPTfenF^ra^^TW^ WWlhemv^ oompWned of to come brfWffieiiidjISoe. \ ' ..Ut J J'jt^ J',' ,^->J,-, f. Vli, ■^■-f- sarrent inoney of X^P MRVAITO, LAtOlilW, JOOBKBTMElf) ETC. / 21 he or she hM m^n to beliere that the person oompleined of, being his or her a^rentioe, domestic, hired servwiror jouroey- rawi dul7 boand or hired. U about to lea »'« the town, to desert or secrete himself, or has ia fact left th^ house or the town, or "h!!'iriSl J; T?'*.?'' 'f'^^ Wmwlf} in which cm« UsbaU *- ^ ^. be Uwful for the justice of the peace before whom such oath has £'.'" »"' been made, to grant his warrant for the apprehending and hold- ^- ing to bail such apprentice, domestic, hired serv4nt or journer- nun, until the parties can be heard and the matter complained of determined; which hearing and deter«,nation. in cases of •nelt, shall not be delajed longer than forty-eight hours from I the t"9e the person so arrested shall be brought before the justice of the peaoe^nless a longer time shall be granted, at the request of either par^, for ^th^ production of proof, or other suSient cause to be alloil|Bd bj thejustice of the peace before whom,Ae complaint shall be brought: And in (Jase the said apprentice! domestic, hired servant or journejman, so epprehendwCshall net offer bail for his or her appearance to answer to the «id com- ..ptoint, It shall be lawful for any one justice to commit him or her to tV^Common G^l for safe custody, until he or she find bail, or until the cause be heard and determined; any law. usaira or oustoiirto the contrary in any wi»watJon shaU be a^pally commeneed within one calUdar menth next after the Jdmmissiw of the offence, or to anjirosecution for the bie«h of any other rule or oMer which imay be made under orbv virtue of this Act, unless such pi^osecutiqn ah«ll be actuaUr rfZ'oft^,J;"^^T'^*"*"'^''f^°^''^*^ .„S^ *^l/^^^ V^'h '• ^^' Tt« ^^ Council oMiontreal i. authorise^ to make bye-Uws, " For 'restraining, mlingTaiS b^IJ^'^"•?***§T•^1°°''**^«^*'»'^'«"•"»'«"djourn5m^ m Ae City of Montreal, and for the conduct of masted aS •ttwtreasM, towards their said apprentices, domestios. hired s«h1 J^tB Md joumeymfei, in the city of MontreaL^^ S Sd * ^ The Act cited in the mai:gln oontaina that "If snT aimrBiiC -tat s w 4. nee or servant of either «,x, pr JQqmeymw,, who STbi^"'^ Mnd tar «,t of indentuw or.olhi vrnWeoTtwcT^S SK^'Z longer time than one month, or by Verbil wree^i^rS*^*- "' «e month, or for any shorter or longfr ^eriS. ^Z^^t ^ '^*- rf lU-behaviour, refractory conduct. idl^TabseaciSSSoS wojwra eateta, or of any uaUwfuj aet that may afieot th» iS^^^l^ ^"^^ wtiagemZoTfaclSisS.! W^tlp•ori^^h««pto,p^,-..iBch«^«pIwtlc^«erwlltorj^ # 684. f r ?j' i '.».<-.-».-i'l .V ■'■ \. •^ 22 l-BTTINO AND HIRING. :i PtMitr plaint agabsrhLfr^i** *t'^'*•^^''" ""^ J""* «»»»« «f «>^- cruelty o^ other 1 ^tlnt*"^ wholeaome provisions, or for kind/such Taster m?,Z^ **' '''^'' "*'"«'' "^ t^e same before two fust S TS °'' ^"^'7^^ """y ^« prosecuted appear JrSi^d.'^rch' jTstiJeVS? tr'nT* '''•'' rcS;„v"t:^rn;; t^Xuj -^^ *«^'* s."s oncompLtmKvInv^ 4^''.*'"'^"''^= Thirdly: That his or h^er r^p^ntef s:rrtrr7;ureV^^^^^^^^ established dres Trtie^aS^ violations of the ordina^rylind of the peace at * sne^ral SS "^ T^ *'**'«^' ""^ J^^tic* annul the agrSeme?tTconwf ' ."F.u" ''"' P''^'^ ^^ *e fact, which such maZr J«t °-I • ^"^f^^"" ""^'^^ »' ^"'"«n.) by servant or jouraeJmTn Z iSTPiT'' "/'•^ '"^''^ «PprentU That any appr"nS seTvfn^ *^""'^ *** ^''' *'*«'* ' Fourthlyi himself or heS wJf^n ?? **' J°"™«y»nan. who shall absent service of suc^^T^r 1^*!!' '' *^'^!' '^'°««*'^«^ ^«»«rt the proof of the fact ScA„?J™!f f"" «"?P'oW shall, upon due master, m strTor^it?"'^ ^'^ """^^ T^ «»« g«<>5l to his of snch appr'^ti^l^r^To ^u^lleran'ao^'SlT'^ T may-be apprehended on the waJwn? ofJjr Zh° ^ p* ^^ °'' "''« and committed to the common ^1 of I'^s.i^'*^'* °^ *t® ?«»<»' of correction, for a tiZ „«♦ J- «5"'*' *" *<> *he hoaae That if anv aLt °°* exceedmg fifteen days: Fifthly shall altogether desSrthesJrl?«% l^ "'«^ '^*^*"'» J**^*. or or emptier. sSchTpremiTwr^^^^^^ "»'**''' °»''^'^'- proceeded against b??^„t u^Zt^ k 'i.J**T'^"°' «»»»» ^ one josticeTf the LIJTsirtWvf T.^ J" v"* *"'* "^ *>f -"y knowingly harbor o?^^!.:!^' V^* *^ ""^ P««on shall journey5.J„,TgI^^^af?ll;•7 ""."^ apprentice, servant or the se^ce of hfj^rh^r m3 ' W " ""^ ••"? *^*«««^ f"*" son shall incur aid paraTnakv n?.^-!^^"'^'^^*''' ""'''» P^ .hilUnga. currency! K^^veL mXS !!? P"""'*' *«" jastices of the Mace in ^mw^!i1 • ^°' ^^°^ ««7 *^ f. fc' \ V , '•2fe., ^« SERVANTS, JODKNEYMEN, APPRENTICES, ETC. 28 journeyman, so engaged as aforesaid, to depart frtJfiTthe service '' of his or her master, or mistress, or employer, and that in^3! ' fromsU" tv?"'^"*''*'' ^•'^•"'*' «'■ i-rneyman sha 1 Z^t from sueb service, any person or persons so offendine shSl be'p«.it, hable to a penalty not exceeding two pounds, ten sh llfn^ir '' rency to be recovered as aforesaid, or in VZh^p^^Zi shall be imprisoned in the Common Gaol of the District or S I S^nSlv -ST-^T; K^ ^'"^ not exceeding Sromt- Ninthly: That in all verbal agreements betweeJmaste™ mS" tresses, or employers, and the servants and journetTenX^nW ' onger period than a month. theVart^X Snot tS shall be bound to give the other party fifteen da^ nolKl least to that effect, otherwise the agrement ^h^rbe JB have been continued for one month. trL the date of such fee and ,n default of payment, of imprisonment in the CommToao "I'^inrSnX^^^^^^ wiiltm!enZ^fF^^°* *'•^*^' '^"""'*'«' •^«^««'i^. withlostsJ witbin fifteen days after conviction, it shall be the dutyof < ither SlJe taC nSc^'t*'' ^T' ""''''' "^°'" '^'"^ eonvlSl^^^^^^^ ™?^?^ff r ' *° """* •*'' '^'^""*' nddressed to any constable «Mts to be levied according to law. in the ordinanr lianner lid Sice of LJ^' f ^- °^''°^' "'^ '■* «^-" »>« ^^'^f"! forC in„r f ^ P?ace to commit such person to gaol or tLhe house of correction, for a period not exVeeding fift^n dSysland caiSrSL-^ttx^^^^^^^^ , It 18 " the duty of the senior captain of militia, in each oarl Mipiiory or township, to cause this Act to be read Ld puH Z7 '^*"\u'* *••" ^"^^ «^ ^^^ ««»"«h of the pSsh, on tM ^"£?oi*lr *" "' ^^' ^•"'-«*'-*«'^ ^^ ^'^-e H ».PlW°^*'' f ■°"°* '^♦■V **»« ''"Kfi* due, should his . ▼ant quit his employment before the time agrwd on but hl<^ fixed at the extra amount, which the employer had t6r.« may warrant. Ltvoni^re says that in those cmm ♦!.« --I Boor^dC P.M. '•■'2 H MTTING AND HIBIKe. Deniiart, BaUmen*. O. P. 196, *!"»•» 0.1. R«T '•p^-.^ 0. P. 117 P. Hjp. o. 8. 1. 3, Nth --. Should the master be sued by the servant for thTiZS^Se JteaV •• ""tf^T f"*^ «Pr« Wgdamiges in compen^tC (setoff? «»"/o9, Hi JJ';'""* ^'^''^y ^*'^''«'-«' and journeymen for w.^ onlL l"br. . ««. S.,^ » *«™ ««; by the job. .re prLribed S S" ^ • ««• torty days from the last day's work TIim nr«<«..^rj; I. / »« ^ J" * TrPi'"-? ^^ P'/--" alonl? h^^^ iS thJo^ti. • T'' ?^ ^l*** "^ "«*' ^° default of his doing iWen Tf V? ?/'" V *° *.« *''"""*' o° ''hich judgment w given. If ,t ^ the wife, or heirs of the employer, or tutor V the heir«^ they must make oath as to their LTwkdL of th« claim, otherwise it is referred to the cEnt If the widLw iTdarr^f^- *''•* l^' ^"^ husband, refers the oati or acEt ledges the daim to be due, the heirs may still contest the half Zh^^7 Z "*".'• ^^ '^ »"y -« «^ thelJeTretrs the When th?^.r 1^^ '* " ''"^^ ^""^ ^'« °'^" «l«^~ in the debt When the demand does not exceed M ds 4di;qr £6 5s. in the Commissioners Courts, the claimant mw JK ty witne«S ^en Stfo'etL**^"^ •? ^"^ *« del,ttShe 1^1.7^ CSi^JaS it' ''""*'' '' " " •^•«'- ^«n«^hen he aUeges domestic serVants cannot institute a demand for their vaires. fl. b.^i^-V'" * ysar from their quitting the employment, unless theiS is f^DomeM. a tiote, Obligation, aetdement of account by writing Tr in^s!;-? ^^^ summons; in either of .which ^V/ Z"y7emL.d^ DDt. "*^."»"^»"°« current accounts in theifbooks. ''"'™^"'»°*» /i«LTii •«f'a°tem town^ such as lackies, vaUu, or >%««« de chambre, porters, cooks, «|d others of riike nSuil »r which prescription oaanot be opposed airainat CT 3L t. uTuo. ""'• f? <"« not extend in France to bank, merchants, or L. p. «. ^^^t:i 1^ .?* ^«"*'? Ordin.nce^empS'S.^anu j^N. Moi ^ages for a period of two years from nuristration desiffnurinJ • i • •• ^ !J«S " privileged debts. ivh,iher the^urJIm^; be ils w^ withstanding the Art 127. of the Custom of PariJ aS%-beSar ffinrt^flTf**^"!"*' "'***^ Where pitNKjription miaht «^ ffi«l«^w u.'*^''* mentioned, ma/be .matter of disX for ie il^L'Vf' 5"f»"y fo-- c'^ditor. to al|pw a privS^e «*» bnt ftl h« tL^f*'"^ «ntheeatateof theirihsolveqt debtS. Mare. Jaw. f iM-"' rpgsdfurMirZnir.: :Zrr'°-. '° ^"g^and they are privi- UM' A Jill lUi^aaL^ ^itiifcajLa S ^ t^'h\<.'i. % 4- s. esolve into dAmages." It for the wagep, the pensation, (set off.) men for wages, unless scribed against after i prescription U foun- herefore the claimant 'loyer, who is held to 1 default of his doing on which judgni^t employer, or tutor Of ir knowledge of the lant If the widow ' the oath, or acknow • still contest the half, r the heirs refers the m share in the debt. ^V £6 58, in the ppfe by witnesses nca^ihe demand, or Ae'when he allies and for their wages, lent, unless there is writing, or judicial may demand three if he is dead, pro- 8 receipts and dis- rscan be demanded, jription may obtain. to merchants, and tks. lackies, vqUt$, or "a of a like nature,, iges, for the period id against theih. goes after that for nk, merchants, or exempts servants ation, designating I may be disposed ars generally, npt-> 'aris, and whether ra year from their iption might arise natter of dispute. al)pw a privilege itasolvcot debtora, 1 they are I the civil laws of f are not privi- CLERKS, SERYANTB, WOSKMBN, ETC. 25 Cj«k« or servants of traderi, 4w., becoming bankrupt, under our bankrupt hiws, are privileged for twelve months arrears^ wages; and laborers or workmen are allowed a privilege for one montlw arrears. (Quenr. Are they aUowed to come in with the other creditors, for the unprescribed balance?) Act 7 l>^., c. 10. 8. 46, 47; 9 V., c. 80, s. 1; and 10 F., c. 78.-^CTem- porary.) Gleanors, reapers, those who help to gather in fruits or the p. ptoc. tir. barvest, &c., are privil^ed on the fruits gathered, for their I ^ ? 1 1 wages. Ploughmen are j)rivileged on the fruits of the ground ssth. ' pio^^hed by them, foi- the season. These go before the rent. ttm°~" por further information, on privileges of workmen, &c..see SS*"''' p- references). ' » «8S. Withregardtothetacitrelocation of servants, those whose terms Hep. j. to. M engagement it is customary to begto and end on certain days *!J,Jf*^ or the year,— such as farm servants,— are supposed to be tacitly p- Lounge. re-engaged tiU the next term, when they continue their services "** ^^ aome tune after the banning of a new term without explana- tion: those whom it is customary to hire afno particular term, are taciUy re-employed for the time they serve anew only, and thmr or their employers, may quit the engagement at pleasure. Minors are allowed to sue without the intervention of a tutor "" . for wagea, in the Small Cause Courts. (The Statute Law cited in this section should always be S? *" °"°* *" ***« matters within its influence). The Act 6 W. IV, c. 28, provides for the recovery of wages due to seamen. The Imperial Act 7 and 8 Vic, c. 1 12, amends Md oonsoUdates the kws relative to Merchant Seamen. Thfe* Art 10 and II V, c. 25, regulates the shipping of seaqien, in . any description of sea going, trading, or passage vessel, lying and being within the port of Quebec, and in the river St. Lawrence, between the Ports of Quebec and Montreal, from *e lot January, 1848; it prohibits others th«n a Shipping Master, or his deputy, the owner, part owner, or person in charge of such vessel, or the Ship's Husband, from hiring seamen to be entered oo board thereof; &&, (For further partieuhirs see thoee Acts). *^^« Section U. <> 0/ Carriers, Porters, Forwarders andAffreighters, ^c. Carriers, Porters, Forwarders and Affireighters, are suUeot » »• y«i^ with respeQt tothe safe keeping andprewjrvationof the thingsen- uZSZ?' truited to them in the exercise of their caUings, to the same obli- ^'^ »•• * grtions and ruUss which are imposed on tavem-keepeta. They ate ^liM'b. JMponMbb, not only for what they have actually received in tiSia.- the vessel or vehicle, but also for what has been delivered \o^- "*°* •*Jhe port or p jan e gf d q K) ritle for than. Never- ■riers, forwat^lsrs, &c , igh their. faolt.^qr n^- Dtered them on their I andthat.they mi^ be ording to the detailed! u Thisjorisprodence Bhment of the superior ^ « jadgmeat of the ih time no looal lagis- > an (Minanoe of the } ettfdoTing oarriers, f the lott of tmnk«, sf, nnleas they caused * books <^ the carrier?, and fifty livres; and iM vaiy wiser but the ihe jpQwer of making ' md It o^ciainly never »wei; Ganada. %ice :ment8 were given, of Biy nearly the, s«d ited aaabsolBte law It the question should ktive enactment, aadi lings, should be pro- 1 rdal bws of France/ te to the trade of th^ and transport are u^ t<««nboats, raiboad/i, ■patch, cannot r«|a- ig taken to or fi^ hurry and confusion lostvigiknce would 3 erven w«te it pos- w open to the roguel 'I >er predous thnigs not responsible fbr Irrit, I Jtum. 1628, « eitk tile articles brought a his guard b«fiwe ible for their safe ly aUowed to prove mount. ' He most •r the safe fcsepiiig RBSPOMSIBILmr OP INM-KEBPEB8y POBWARDEBS, ETC. 27 of the thing, and his indemnification for all it has cost him. bv ' loss or otiierwise. > / The cUms of forwarders, he., for cabiage, and its accesso- p.rroc.ci». nes are privileged on the things transported, even before tiie ^^ ? '• essor of houses, as long as they retain possession, but after the "d.* ' A?vi'*Fi?°^®*' ^^^ in Connection witii tiiis subject, tiie £? .«' ». 7, 5 2, teg. » Act,ljt>aBdll V.,0.10.) like all other workmen or undertakers, tiiose persons are n,p.j. peqionBible for the damage occasioned by them through their **™»'»^«- worit bdng done impm^perly, or through ignoranoe of their caUing, in whatever they should reasonably km^ '" All wharfingers, warehouse^keepers, aff^BtflrM«unboat pro- Act* w.4, pnetors or companies, &o., or other MrtSus, in whose custody •"«•••**• any unclaimed goods or articles majfremain, should, under a penalty of one fourtii of their apprised value, advertise once a montit, m at least one newspaper, printed in Quebec, and one in J^ntreal, a list and description of such artidev with the marks, numbers and addresses, if such there be, on tiiam; noti- r^ ^L?^™"** *° *^"'® forward witi»in"%ix months, to prove thar proporty, and receive it, on paying reasonable ehanres, and m defcuU thW tiiat they shall be^d. If no owner proves wiUim six mdnths, the packagei, fcc, may be opened and exa- mined, and if too knowledge of the own«r can be hxO, they may »n siy month^more, be sold by public auction, and the net proceeds lodged with the Receiver GeneiBL Fruit, and other penshable artaeles should be immediatdy advertised, and may bei s(M in a w^ fronr the advertisement. If the lurobable ownets aro asoertidned, they should be advised through the post, witii a similar intimation. (See the Act cited, for fiirther par- tionhurs.) *^ \ SBonoN IIL 8.S. Of Ae CaiUract of Affrmghtnmt.* T. Ckarie. ParHe,\,t. Contracts of this description are either: |OfAffic«ightment by Charter party; or For die oonveyanoe of goods in a general ship, or on ceneral ^^\ rhe contract bv charter-party is that by which an entire ship ». ■. i, p. « aome principal part of it is lent or hired to a merchant for "^ tl e conveyance of goods on a determined voyage to qne or mart Oye. com p Mea. In Bubstanee, it is simUar to other contivcts of letting ifSl*^ ajd taring, and ti»e freight to b« piidis governed by tiie swne ^«-*- ^ rhlesas thepnceof aleaiB.) .,, , nSfts?* I It may b e entered into verhafly, but the proof of the ooptqtct ' j ♦"!rhe Codt MartUm oi VmnM^ if U Mvr «»*• in fane in.CMMa" «•». Uf. <»«s«lioiyMd hy ths iaSrodaotkB of Iks. Ji«int.Ia« of Xb^^uj^T^,. j:' I 2«> I^BTTINO AND HIRING. il S7f. RtT. Ug. *i>d. 354, P. CA«rtc- PmrtU.ai. S^«f 1^ 1 J't* "^ *•** ^"''«^*' '" ""^J«c* to *ke Mme rule, u tTJ^^ do^~*«pn», chapter 1. excepting wW?t may S regarded a» a commercial transaction, in which cage titim^l-? procfi.admisg,letoany^.laitofci;im. TleXriSr^XJ entered mto^ tha own^r. hVauthoriaed a^tTw th^ maater; nerertLeleM the ownei? may exonemtTSemLyi hi abandobing their share ip the veil wTthe S TtSe aft.r?J«»^'*^K" ^""".**'' ^•°"««'^ but this privilege i^ „:;s^n!^;ti''rt7e%;^^^^^^ ^-•'« ^^ far as^ possible.- When- once on bbard, the freight^is unSr hS especial charge. He is responsiblJthS^he resSl is^ wSrthv I)rovided with all necessaries, and in everv wlTflt r!^*fc ^' and where such IS the usage, he must have a pilot on 3' E;^I??\-* T" t P«>P«riy ni^igated and directed Ther port of destination by a usual aboroved onnr^.^k!: m l deviate th^from unJecessari1;,tTownerrd ^tS Se* w^naible for consequent loss, evr without having the t to convey the cargo his own vessel^ should est suited to preserve >mmitted to hisohaige. mis the first otgect if deposit may be cxpe- cl» if possible. A sale 9f, for if he seU with- il^ win be answerable answerable if he place UtyCk>urt in a British I such Gourt, because em; and the persons bm against the mer- le value of the goods 1 shore by the mastor es unless it occurred aoooirdine to the cir- its his ship and it is 8 are answerable for . ■\ 11^ and of the sea- •i bili^ for the c har- QtW^ veqionsihle landed, untess it has 1 those intmestod in LSITINO AND HIBIMO. 29 on a wharf, but they cannot be removed till or; and for which the affreighter has.a pri- k«t.lm.M' a. The consignee who received goods ship- i; ^ jiJ**" on payment of freight, may Ira sued for o.'p.a. im. the freight, ship and cargo; in which cases, aa well as where snMk'i j expenses have been incurred for the common ^[ood, freight is !^%.«!h' due; yet the shipper or master should be indemnified by the c^om. other shippers, and persolb interested; the whole of the parties d'^'im interested contributing to the loss. The master should retain '^^ *^ the goods until this contribution is paid, and the loser has no action against the other shippers for such contribution, which is Mtimated for the goods lost at their cost iffice,* and for those, preserved at theit present value. Qwtda on freight are deli- rut vered when Umded on a wharf, but they cannot be removed till the freight is paid for; ' " - - - vileg€d lien on them. ped tobe delivered on payment of freight, may -« ™^ w. . the amount of freight and can support an incidental cross p.iv«e.ci« demand for damases occasioned to the goods by the master's ?•*> t- % ■• negligence. • The vessel is in its turn, liable for the goods, m.*" * * (For the privileges on vesseb, and whether they subsist after a aSSS^ voyage, see further R^. J. Vaisieau.) ^^' If the vessel is hired by the month, the time b^;ins from the bmw j. Af. ' time of her sailing or of making ground, and continues all the >► * <■ " ■ * • time she is at sea, i^d during that to which unavoidable delay may have subjected her. When th'e rate of freight has not p. IOmu. heen agreed od it is supposed to be at the current rate, but if '"**'* !• '• the goods have been loaded .without the knowledge of the cap- i tain or dei'k, the highest rate may be charged. The signature I of thecaptain. or of the elerk binds the owners. The h^l of I lading should mention the exterior and general quantity and qualitjr, uid the mark on the goods; as, so many bales «f eoUoitf ^. For an epitome of the English Laws, rehting to Marine Insurance, refierence is made to that valuable mereantile wo^ the CifekpcMHa of Commerce.' Sbction IV. Of Undertaking Jobs, or Contracts of Work, A contract of this kind may be undertaken, dther for fur- ^Kloi^*, nishing the manual part abne, or to furnish the materials also r***^ of the work. When the undertaker furnishes the materials, if the work be in any matter destroyed previous to its being deli' vered over to the owner, it is the undertaker's loss unless the owner has previously been in default for not receiving it 1 When the undertaker furnishes only his woA, industry orik^ssr talent, he is liable for the loss or deterioration, when ocmittoned ***• by his own fault only: and in these cases, if the detriment arrives ^y pure yjjjjdent hfifere it i s d gUvCTed, orJk^m tiife "owiier is'i&oed in defiutb, it is presumed to have been tiirongh a defect in the work, unless it has been caused try a fortuitous event or by the bad quaUty of the nuiterial% ai)4 oeoaequentiy the undertaker haa no elaim for his wages, v, ^ V ^ '*' ' ' 4 r^. \- 90 !!• I i *Mtl 140 f. iBWnro i4ifD Hisimi. Id*. Cm. L, 1 1. ». 416 r. 0». Its, IM O. D. Ofl. •o«< (mit IM Vut. Not. t.5c.7,«M. R«P. J . t. J, p. Ml, Ut eol. BnHm m n . MaeomttHt. i DeniMrt, •ft. I 1^. Math. \ - 5.ffi,i„*J^ far hWSiir'"*'*"'"'"'"^ a notary; the time holding good for ten veSTK? ^f*""* walls or other beavv wmkZV^Af^u^^ *"^ *•*« ■*<»•« work.. Son.eJ^ZZ^^J^t^t^.S^^rJ^'S^^r carpenters are held In this liSot for J?I!!r!:^"°""<^ coDttructed by them to TteT^ Sl^SiT* ^""? ^'L"- replace th" wSkS ^^^^ .;!r™"*5 *"¥"? **» "'^le to erJ^ patera. J^te^XTXirf ™S* J«'"«^ l>ln»b- Othe^awS-SmS^'JSlS^^^ years, attd others^h^rS* .?hSSi1lI^^ duringtfc during <)ne yetr^li JuZSt^T^^ ^ •• lock-smiths, Ac., cautions to obviate any suS d^m^ ^^ 1»V6 taken due pre- whom their worklr^i-J^i^ to- Wdrk done by them improperly, or tS««4SS.!f^^**.*'^ they dionfd kVw in thSjStSe SS ^^""^^ ^ '^*-" V '!*'■ ^ * < 1 WOmtKiH lAMSk ,CQHT«4GK)R8. 31 tioi) hat be«n,neeeMM7^ iwforewdD, or wj^pa it nuT be fidrly Buppoced from the exteot of tb« nltention, th^t tbo owner ma/( htve gi?en his oonsent to it . The owner hue right. to, «»iicel. the hi0^ «t pleaaore. even where the work, may have been alfWy fiomoiAiiped, by paying the expencei and labor already incurred and such damage* aa the nature of the caae^may reqnire. If the ow^er, who fumiahea the materiala nagleota to do so in good time, the undertaker has redress against him. either for, damages or by demanding a rescission of the contract; and the owner has •imilar redress agiOuBt the undertaker who fails in i^aixl to time or does the work improperly, in which last case the price may be modified accordingly. If a workman employs materials furnished him in an improper manner, or allows them to be destroyed, be should supply new, materials at hisown ezpeue. Generally, no part of the price of a contract of work, catf be demanded, uQtil the work is doqe, unlfM there is a eontrarv agreement. ~ • ' When a work is done, th», owner «bo»Id accept pf if, either formally or by giving it hia approbation; but if he fiqdf it deficient, and will not receive it, the judge may order ita Ti^it by etq>ert$. He is presumed to have accepted of it if he allows a certain time to pass without legally signifying his diaf^ppro- b8ti»»Wea» lM«)r« the fq^Otur iptQ jfolM o»d.4v.c. of the Begistiy Oidinanoe, (81st ftoeember, I^tS S^ » lJS^\^y •'ii:,V%,w r It i*niNa iiTD HutiNo. »*. Ord. •, "v «i)p^e«tion of the money be *'^:«A^^^ j^^^^^^aS!. tlit&t^Sd'by'SSffvSr ^^ *• «*5S»« oon.tltatiDg SS r I. iefr«d the prapertf, ^▼Bd for ^eir) claim. propertj, were pri- t remido of it only, bjr their worir to thto the contraoti for tfcr' J deed, end, \wbere uld have been pre- 1 when done under i fraud. I'd diatin- workmert, a detailed sommenoement, maj Me chUms shall, ^d istry Laws, are K 8to. Id aen employed ivlhe I, canab, or other Mf' named bjr any Ihe District, or by WDisti^t, within are sitaated, tbere ' Weetirt>li8hingthe I about to be made; the completion of Jd and^reeeiTed by ided alsot that the sxtend beyond the i M aforesaid; and value given to the s alienation of the re been erected or neat of ihe woi^- that the intended e writing evid^. nUiHuww or Lo»w be latMided to apply "!? '°f°*0 ■••«"• to I Section 89, by ooo- ■ inowtaineuMnot lition, that (heM prir wnt Ji^oe oomtitatbe F'^hioh attribntw to ih( to be paid ipMdat&oi laTfchH. ..ij^'i^asicE-ja-ai-: WOBKHJar AND OONTklOTOai, 33 cing the loan, and that it be iuJmU.}.^ «l ^^l theTworkmen, that t!«y wSe^S^S^S ^^ ft* •«9"i««nce of documentsSouUlTi.riSy&S?'""*'"^"*^- '^'^ It may not be out of place t& mmlli a-* u \ A % r\ >v / ll '*' ~ '■ ^ t \ ^ ■^v, ,, ^ * - i -. \ - 1 ■ t \ V r N i^ i^ ^ J '- <^ V