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SFKAUGHT, ,i/^j\ ''-■ 0¥ lf»> >■■■*■ '^AU UACH^. m 1 ijttfttto : I UELl. iimmmrr' Facing. ( J. R. Flannery. Athletic New York Dodging. (T. McQuillan .. Wellington Toronto Checking. H. W. Becket.. Montreal Montreal Goal-keeping. . W. Aird .F. H. Walker. . Montreal Montreal Home. Orillia Orillia Point. "PREfACE. ^HIS little volume has been published at the solicitation of '^^ many of my Lacrosse friends throughout Canada and the United States, who were of the opinion that if I would undertake to write the subject up to date, it wculd exercise a beneficial influence upon the " Game. " In compliance with their wishes, I have briefly endeavoured to place before the Lacrosse public what I know about the game, although I am well aware that Ihere are many points of play that might with advantage be more fully enlarged upon. This production makes no pretensions whatever to any liter- ary excellence, all that I have aimed to do has been to put be- fore my readers, in a simple conversational form, the result of my fifteen years' experience. The preparation of this little volume has occupied what would otherwise have been my idle hours during the past few weeks, and if its publication will, in any degree, aid in making the game of Lacrosse more scientific, gentlemanly, or popular, I shall feel that I have not laboured in vain, and that my aim will have been accomplished. I have received valuable assistance and encouragement in my work from Messrs. W. L. Maltby and H. W. Becket, of the Mon- treal Club, of Montreal, and from Mr. J. R. Flannery, of New York, Secretary of the National Amateur Lacrosse Association of the United States. I am also under deep obligation to the gentlemen players whose portraits appear in this book as illus* I ■[■ ▼I Preface. trating the various parts of the game. In this connection I have also to make grateful acknowledgment of the kindness of Mr. J. Bruce, of the firm of J. Bruce & Co., Photographers, Toronto, who generously placed his studio and services at my disposal in order that the points of play might be properly illus- trated. But above all I am indebted to Dr. W. George Beers, of Mon<- treal, for the kindly interest he has manifested in the prepara- tion of this little work, and his generosity in allowing me the use of such extracts from his valuable work " Lacrosse, the National Game of Canada," as might suit my purpose. Of this work which is not only an exhaustive treatise on the history of the game, but also a manual on the standard points of play, I have freely availed myself, and I take thiu opportunity of thank- ing its author for his kind permission. The game of Lacrosse owes mucn to Dr. Beers outside of his well-known contributions to its literature. In the spring of 1859, Dr. Beers first conceived the idea of systematising the old Indian game, and reducing it to a science. At that time it was entirely without laws, and the goal-keeper was the only player on the field with a definite name and position. Dr. Beers drew up rules and regulations for the government of the play, gave positions and names to players, and brought the game pretty much into the shape it at present occupies. The laws of La- crosse, as thus compiled, were first adopted by the Beaver Club, of Montreal, of which Dr. Beers was at that time a member. Subsequently this club amalgamated with the Montreal Lacrosse Club, who were instrumental in forming the National Lacrosse Association of Canada, and getting these laws adopted as the standard of play for all clubs in the Dominion. In the year 1866, Dr. Beers conceived the idea of organizing Preface. vu a Lacrosse trip to England, for the purpose of introducing the game into that country, and had expended several hundreds of dollars in arranging the preliminaries, when a gentleman of means, thinking it would prove a profitable speculation, fore- stalled him by taking over two teams of Caughnawaga Indi- ans. They played exhibition matches in England and Franco, but as it was evident to everybody that it was merely a specu- lation, the games were but poorly patronized, and the tour ended in failure, netting the promoter a loss of nearly $4,000. In 1875, Dr. Beers went to England at hit own expense for the purpose of organizing another Lacrosse Tour. Owing to the want of knowledge of the game amongst the people, and the prejudice of cricket and football clubs, who apparently did not care to see any such new fangled game introduced into the country, the prospects for some time looked very dark indeed. Aided however by the strong support of Sir John Rose, and his son, Mr. Chas. Rose, as well as by the few old Lacrosse players scattered throughout the Kingdom, Dr. Beers pushed the scheme forward, and his labours were at length crowned with success. The result of these efforts was the visit to England of the " Canadian Lacrosse Team " of 1876, during which they played matches (with the team of Caughnawaga Indians who accom- panied them) in many of the leading cities of England, Ireland, and Scotland. One of the principal objects of their visit was to play before Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, but from a variety of causes over which they Lad no control, it soon became rp- parent that this was a consummation that they could scarcely hope to realize. Although the rest of the party had given up all hope of playmg before Royalty, Dr. Beers never despaired, but by sheer tenacity of purpose and a faculty of turning cir- cumstances to his advantage, managed to secure the desired • •• VIU Preface. object, and the teams not only had the distinguished honour of playing before Her Majesty at Windsor Castle, but at the close of the game each player was personally presented to Her Majesty, and received from her hands, as a souvenir of the occasion, a portrait of herself. This tour, although not a brilliant financial success, was the means of doing a great deal for the game in Great Britain, and gave it an impetus which must ultimately make it a strong favourite there. It made it popular amongst the very best class of people, and did not a little to let them see what kind of men we raise in this " Canada of ours." Besides this it was productive of good in many other ways ; it brought this country, for a time at least, prominently before the English people, and the team which was before all things else, thoroughly " Cana- dian," not only talked Lacrosse, but every man of them acted as a kind of amateur emigration agent. Under the circumstances the Government ought almost to have subsidized the team in recognition of their services, as it was about as inexpensive an emigration bureau as they could have organized. The history of this tour, if written by Dr. Beers, would make a very interesting book, and it is to be hoped that, some day in the near future, he may be induced to get it ready for publication. It would be a very valuable addition to the liter- ature of Lacrosse, and there is no doubt but that the venture would be a financial success. In conclusion, I have only to ask the kind forbearance of my readers to any defects which a work so hastily written as this has been must necessarily contain, and to ask their assistance in making the game of Lacrosse what I trust it will always be, " The National Game of Canada." The 'Author. h ACROSSE AKD Wow To P LAY J CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. ^HEgameof Lacrosse has, perhaps, attracted more atten- tion amongst young men than any other field sport that has ever been introduced to their notice. That this game, comparatively unknown until within the past few years, should have so suddenly become popular, seems al- most a wonder. If ever any game has been persecuted, abused, or belied by envious rivals, that game has certainly been La- crosse ; and yet, in spite of all the opposition and ridicule it has received from the adherents of older established sports — in spite of its being declared unscientific, and not at all gentle- manly, by those whose notions were rather prudish — this game has, on account of its own intrinsic merits, not only been adopted by Young Canada as the National Game of the Do- minion, but has also won its way high into the favour of ath- letes, both in England and the United States. It is affirmed by its opponents that there is no science in the game, it is all hard work, and is injurious to the constitution. 10 Lacrosse, and How to Play it \ I ' A good player seldom hurts liiraself ; it is only the novice who i I'm lit 84 Lacrosse, and IToiv to Play it. V u 11 I "i is to tell exactly the density of the ball ho defined. Perhaps the easiest test is its elasticity ; a good hall can easily bo com pres- sed between the finger and thumb, and when the pressure is removed will immediately resume its former shape. It should be made of »oUd rubber sponge, and it is always better to err in getting one too soft than too hard. Just before the sun rises, and at dusk, there is a gray, misty haze over the ground, render- ing it very difficult to see the ball in its rapid flights. No goal- keeper can possibly stop a ball under such circumstances, and oftentimes matches are lost from this very circumstance. The only remedy that has yet been suggested is to paint the ball white, which would make it visible at a ti e when black could not be discerned at all. We have oftentimes seen clubs playing in a match until nei- ther side could see the ball, and it was only by the exclamations of the players and the thud of the ball striking the ground that its whereabouts could be made out. In such cases it would be almost as well to stop in time, for a game won under such cir- cumstances cannot be the result of skill, and is, in most cases, the result purely of chance. Dress of tJie Player. — It has always been the fashion to wear a light dress, and though we would not advocate the nudity of the original players, we think the less and lighter the dress the better. The respective sides in a match should always have a distinguishing dress, easily told from that of their opponents at the first glance. The best colours are those which are the easi- est kept clean ; and these are black, brown, drab, gray and scar- let. The more sober the colours, as a rule, the neater and more effective a team will appear on the field. All extravagant con- trast in colours, such as red, blue or green, or other such com- binations, should be left to Indian players — they do not suit the Material for Play. .»? complexion of white men. Whatever dress a club may adopt, the members should always make a rule of all appearing in that dress ; nothing looks so bad as to sec a twelve come on the field looking for all the world like the broken pieces of glass tumbled out of some kaleidescope. The dress worn some years ago, and still worn by some clubs in preference to any new style, consists of flannel cap with [)eak, tight-fitting wooHen or merino shirt ; flannel or light cloth pants (tight), reaching to and buckling at the knee ; long woollen stockings, reaching above the bottom of the pants, and the feet encased in moccasins or rubbers. The difference in tlie new dress, as worn by many clubs, consists in wearing long woollen, or merino drawers ; and instead of the old knickerbockers, aie worn a very short pair of pants, digni- fied by the name of trunks. This, with the addition of a night- cap, instead of a cap or havelock, makes a very neat and effec- tive uniform, and its cost is much less that that of the old style. We consider rubbers preferable to moccasins ; they give the player a better hold of the grass, and are not apt to get glazed and slippy. There is a regular lacrosse boot manufactured in Montreal, but it seems never to have come into fashion among players, whether it is on account of its cost — which is much more than ordinary rubbers — or that it is no better, we cannot say. Belts are generally worn, and are, if broad, a good sup- port. We would recommend gloves to all who play, whether in matches or practice only. Many a little knock that is scarcely felt when one has gloves on, if struck on the naked hand would invariably bark it, more especially if the morning be any way cold. Driving gloves, which also protect the wrists from blows, are the best. If a good hold of the crosse cannot be got with the glove, it can easily be remedied Jay cutting the palm of the hand out sufficiently to give a good grasp. m CHAPTER IV. a, ^ PICKING UP, CARRYING AND CATCHING. ^0 pick up the ball and fully control it on the netting of the crosse, is necessarily the first lesson of the game, and yet it is by no means an easy .accomplishment. Simple as it looks, and easily as the old player seems to do it, it is a difficult task for the novice. In his first iittemi)ts, he either knocks it on ahead of him, or else pushes the crosse under it with such force as to make it run over the side. It is quite impossible to be a reliable player unless you are able to pick up quickly, and with certainty. On level ground, no player has any right ever to miss picking up the ball ; speed offers no excuse for running over the top of it ; be he going ever so swiftly he should be as certain of picking it up as when standing still. The following practices will be found useful for beginners : 1st. Cover the ball with the top surface of the netting, keep- ' ing the face side to the top, draw your crosse quickly towards you, so as to make the ball roll in the same direction ; when in motion, bring your crosse quickly towards 'you, and, with a sharp, forward motion, scoop up the ball. 2nd. Stand about four feet from the ball, if a right hand player, with your left foot advanced ; if a left hand player, with your right foot advanced ; draw the crosse back about two and a half ffcet in rear of the ball, and with a straight, quick drive under it, scoop it up in one motion. 3rd. Roll the ball along the ground in front of you, and while it is in njotion, follow it on the run, and pick it up with a quick drive. This exercise may be varied by having the bal* Picking Up, Carrying and Catching. 37 thrown in different directions, to yon, from you, or iying motionless. The player should try this slowly at first, and gradually in- crease his pace, until he is able to pick up with certainty and ease while going at full speed. The first practice described above, is seldom used in the game, unless the player has so much time that he can do as he pleases ; in most cases he is so closely checked as to be compelled to take it up with a dash, as in the third practice. Many otherwise good crosses are hard to pick up with, because they are too thick at the top part of the turD ; this can be remedied by shaving or filing down the side which touches the ground, and making it wedge-shaped. In practising picking up, the player should make it a ride to ac celerate his speed just before he reaches the ball. Some otherwise good players have a bad habit of slackening their speed in order to pick up, this not only looks bad, but gives the opponent following, a chance either to shoulder him, tip his crosse up from below, so as to make him 'miss his pick up, or check down his stick the moment he has succeeded in getting the ball upon it. We regard picking up as the most essential feature in the game, and no one can be considered a first-class player unless he is proficient at it. Nothing looks worse than to see a player run over the ball in a match, and nothing does more harm to his side, he might almost as well throw the ball into his opponents crosse at once. Our own oi)iuion is that more rough play is caused by bad or slow picking up than all other causes ])ut together. If players could always be certain of picking up when going at full speed, ground scuffling and rough play would become almost unkno'.^^n. The faculty of picking up well is one that should be by all means encouraged. The player who is not p, proficient at it, i^ always looked upon as ^ " muff,* ; : H ':;;■ i If ••i^' m 'M. m iQ » U' 38 Lacrosse^ and How to Play it. and he may be sure that if lie be suffered to remain on the " First Twelve," it is only from tolerance, or because they can't just then get a better ; and not because he has any right to be there. We would like to impress this idea upon all beginners. By all means master picking up thoroughly, and become proficient at it, else you can never become a successful player. . » CARRYING. When running, the ball should invariably be carried on the head or centre surface of the netting. Before the present laws were framed and adopted, it was customary (alas ! those good old days when any one could play) to have a pocket of various degrees of depth at the lower angle of the netting, in which to carry the ball. Of course this facilitated carrying very much, and the deepest bag had the best chance. With the present netting, however, the lower angle is the most risky place to carry the ball, unless the leading string be very high, and even then you have but little control over it if your stick be struck with any force by a checker. The principal advantage of carry- ing the ball on the centre of the netting is the great control you can always exercise over it. A very good habit, which is often practised among " crack " players, is to add variety to the plain carry by dandling the ball — that is, bouncing it up and down on the netting. It is very useful when closely pursued, and the checker keeps continually swiping at your stick ; in most cases his crosse will strike yours when the ball is in the air, and by the time that it lights again on the netting, you will have the full control of your crosse. The best grasp for carrying is a few inches from the butt of the crosse. Some players make a habit of grasping the handle by the centre instead of near the end, and allowing the butt to project beyond their elbow ; the Picking Up, Carrying and Catching. 30 advantage of shortening the crosse in this way is much more than counterbalanced by the ease with which a checker, follow- ing, can dislodge the ball, by hitting the projecting part. In- deed we have repeatedly seen a ball thus dislodged knocked clear over the head of the person carrying it, and caught by the checker. The crosse should always be carried with one hand, both when running for the ball and when it is obtained. No- thing looks more awkward at practice, or ridiculous in a match, than to see a player running for the ball with his crosse grasped in both hands, and, as a necessity, his body swaying from side to side like an elephant on the double. Recently some players have adopted an invention injurious to the game, in order to get over the restrictions respecting the bagging of the netting. It consists in having the back and point of the stick left high, and scooped out from collar to tip ; from the bend to within a few inches of the tip it is thinned as usual to allow picking up- The objection to this is that owing to the height of wood at the tip, while obeying the letter of the law (see Sec. 1, Rule I), which says : "A string must be brought through a hole at the side of the tip of the turn to prevent the point of the stick catching in an opponent's netting," it breaks it in the spirit by making a complete guard around the entire netting excei)t at the head, nearly two inches in height, and destroying almost entirely the force of the clauses preceding and following it. With the back of the stick, an inch or an inch and a-half in height, there is not the slightest necessity for raising the lead- ing-string at the tip— it can be raised high enough to make a complete protection without it. The eflfect of this mechanical contrivance is to reduce the amount of science required in order to handle the ball skilfully while carrying, dodging or throwing, 'I i 40 Lacrosse, and Hoiu to Play it, and to bring good and bad players much nearer the same level than they would be were success dependent entirely upon skill. CATCHING. Probably the hardest thing about the game to a beginner is catching. A person may be ever so proficient at catching a cricket or base-ball, but put a crosse into his hand and ask him to catch even an easy ball thrown to him, and he finds that he cannot do it ; his former knowledge avails him nothing, he id out of his depth, his eyes, arms, and crosse do not act in concert, and the result is, that the ball either bounces off the netting, or slides over the crosse altogether. It is easy enough for him to hold his crosse so that the ball will fall upon it, but the difficulty consists in keeping it there, especially if the netting be as it ought, flat and according to regulation. Proba- bly nothing is so hard to learn as catching, and yet, after the art is acquired, so easy and natural does it become, that the wonder seems why you could not do it at first. In catching, the crosse is held to the front, the right hand of the player grasping the butt, with the left hand above the collar. The art consists in allowing your crosse to retrei' gradually slackening until the ball rests quietly upon the netting ; always, as soon as this is done bring your crosse up to the usual level at which you carry, and your catch is completed. The easier the ball falls upon the netting, or, in other words, the further a player re- treats his stick with the ball, the more sure and scientific is the catch. The fault of a great many players in catching descending balls, is that of holding the crosse too stiff as the ball neara the netting, or meeting it halfway^ the result of either being to cause the ball to bounce. The correct way is to withdraw your crosse, ja.s if you did not wapt the ba|l, and yet would like to Picking Up, Carrying and Catching. 41 catch it. A good catch at base ball, or cricket, never stops the ball suddenly ; his hands move quickly towards the ball, until it is fairly within them, and then as suddenly retreat, gradually increasing the grasp to lessen the force of the concussion. True, a player can catch a ball without all this manoeuvring, but if it be hard or swiftly thrown, he is not likely to repeat the experi- ment very often. A crosse has this disadvantage (if so it may be termed) over a man's hand, that whereas the latter has fingers that can grasp and retain their hold, in spite of want of skill or the tendency of the ball to escape, the former has not, and skill must therefore be the only means of making the crosse and ball act in harmony. The netting should always be presented to the ball, and never batted against it, and should receive it on the head or centre surface, and never on the lower angle. To catch with a bagged crosse is no art whatever, for when the ball once gets into the pocket of a bagged stick, it is almost as se- curely held, as if in a catcher's hand. There is no science in it whatever ; it is merely a matter of holding out your stick, and letting the ball drop into it ; you need not have the least anxiety about missing it ; in fact it is an exception, not the rule, for any player, new or old, to miss a catch with a bagged crosse. It was not unusual, before the laws were made so stringent as they are at present, to find that the best catchers in a club were those who used the bagged netting, and we can well re- member that in some cases, when carrying the ball, so much was the netting bagged, that it could be seen hanging down two or three inches below the frame-work of the crosse j of course there was no science in it, and as soon as these players were forced to adopt the flat netting, or give up playing, they at onca descended to their level, and became, in most cases third-rate C 42 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. |: playei*s. If you find that, to be equal with others, you have to use bagged netting, you may be sure that you have yet much to learn, and the sooner you discard your old crosse, and adopt the regulation one, the better. The Indians, as a general rule, are celebrated for ^'. ir catching, and yet their sticks are much infe- rior in length a ad elasticity of netting to those used by most white players. It is unusual with them to miss catching the ball ; and probably from this reason we have often heard players say that "itco r^ - ■ -ural to them." Not so, however, it is the result of hard yiuc' ''n vT>.i there is not a white player in Canada, but may be as goo J a C?t<^h," if he will but strive to become so; and it wouW "vj a goo t- '.;'^ for the game if this branch were more cultivated :^l.m., if- .... • •'^ ^^'ould cause the disappear- ance of a great deal of the rough play that at present disfigures the game. Probably the best and surest way to learn to catch is to prac- tise alone, or with one or two companions, until you have be- come used to it : First : the perpendicular throw and catch ; beginning at a low altitude, and gradually increasing the height, as you find your- self getting accustomed to it. Next throw upwards and outwards, so that you will have to make short dashes to secure the ball j next upwards and backwards, so that you will have to turn sharply round, and make the dash before you can catch it. Then hold your crosse out at arm's length and throw the ball across your front, so as to have the catch on the left and right hand sides alternately. A very neat, and somewhat difficult feat, is to throw the ball perpendicularly up, and while descend- ing, cover it with the face side of your netting, and following it down as if you were going to accelerate its motion, instead of catching it, and when about waist high from the ground, give ;; Picking Up, Carrying and Catching. 43 your crosse a sudden twist so as to bring it under the ball, then lower slightly, as in the ordinary perpendicular catch. This ip principally done with the wrist, and although not very often used in matches, will be found good practice. There are so many varieties of catching, that we have not space to enumerate them all ; but master the following, and sjiy of the others will be easily learned : Descending Balls are the most numerous and easiest to cutch. If you catch a ball of this description before it touches the ground, you gain a decided advantage, especially if your op- ponent is inclined to keep you any way closely checked, and success often depends upon seconds gained and usefully em- ployed. If the ball be a long high throw, coming down nearly perpendicular, hold your crosse to the front, and gi-asp firmly, right hand at the butt, left hand a little below the collar or peg ; as the ball nears you, raise your crosse to meet it, and when within a few inches, sink and imperceptibly slacken the motion, until the ball rests quietly on the netting. After the hall strikes the ground. — This is the simplest mode of catching, and is only used when you bave not confidence for, or miss, the preceding catch : it is sometimes a matter of choice, but often a matter of necessity ; it should never be indulged in, unless you are unchecked. If you have a watchful opponent when trying it, you may find that you have only waited to give him a chance of getting the ball. Grounders. — Securing a grounder is more a combination of picking up and blocking, than catching proper ; but nearly all grounders rise after blocking and require catching. Block with the head surface of your netting, and as the ball slides up, depress the handle of your stick, and scoop it up by a thrust forward and upward. If the ball be very swift, keep the handle •:!H I ! i:i^ 44 Lacrosse, and How to Play ii. of your crosse well advanced until you block, then depress and catch. The worst grounders to catch are those which have a sort of spiral motion ; if the handle of the crosse be not kept well advanced, they are almost sure to twist themselves out of the netting and shoot past you. Hoppers. — The safest way for these uncertain balls is to block first and catch afterwards. Straight Balls. — These are the most difficult to catch of any, especially if thrown with any extra velocity. If they come below the level of your head they may be caught by holding the crosse out in a horizontal position, and then manoeuvring the same as in an ordinaiy perpendicular catch, only great care must be taken to secure the ball by giving the crosse a quick swerve upwards. Another way is also to hold the crosse horizontally, but instead of retreating, to continue the forward motion, so as to deaden the shot, and then by a quick, upward motion, secure the ball. This latter is by far the neatest, as it is the most difficult and scientific catch. If the ball comes above the level of your head, the best way is to stop it, and then catch it as it descends ; or if you have not time for this, being too closely checked, knock it to one side, where either yourself or one of your side will have the best chance of getting it. The Double Catch is generally used when you are so closely checked as to render it impossible for you to catch in the ordinary way. Instead of completing the catch, give the netting of your crosse the proper angle so as to make the ball bounce from it over your opponent's head, by a quick dash you can easily catch it on the other side of him, before he can recover himself. No player can be a good fielder without being a good catcher, as in general play the occasions for its practice are so very frequent. As a rule good catchers are the exception in a club. In a Picking Up, Carrying and Catching. 45 match they are sure to come to the front and gain the applause of the spectators by this kind of indiridual play which is al- ways commendable. A good catcher is invariably appreciated. Catching is always more difficult when you are running, and the player who can always keep a cool head on the field is invari- ably the best catch. A very good practice for catching on the run is for two players to start across the field on parallel lines, about twenty yards apart, and pitch to each other while running — the difficulty is that the ball must not touch the ground. As they get accustomed to it, the distance may be widened. This is not only good practice for pitching and catching, bat also trains them to judge distance and velocity, so that the ball shall not be thrown so far that he cannot reach it before it strikes the ground, nor with such velocity that it passes him altogether. As a general rule, it is always safest, and therefore best, to catch with two hands ; catching with one hand is seldom efiec- tive, except in dodging. A ball accidentally caught under the arm should never be touched with the hand, but be immediately dropped. If the ball should happen to run up the netting of your crosse, and fasten itself in the pocket or lower angle, the player (see Kule XVII) should immediately dislodge it by striking his stick on the ground. Avoid every appearance of unfair play. I: w I w ■•('1 l:!B.I I' I CHAPTER V. THROWING. »P)ERHAPS nothing in the whole game affords so much ^^1^ scope for development as throwing the ball ; and yet we venture to a.Urm that nothing has been more neg- lected, even among good players, both in theory and practice. In a match, the actual number of shots aimed at the flags is comparatively small, and yet, out of this number, how many useless and miscalculated shots there are. It only requires that three shots should go through the goal to secure the match, yet we oftentimes see dozens of balls thrown, and not one of them even if left alone in their passage, go straight enough to score a game. If the waste of strength by the " home "-men, in pro- pelling these misdirected shots, were all the actual loss, it would matter but little ; but when we consider that it may have been with herculean eflbrts that the goal-keeper has been able to save his goal, or the defence-men and the fielders to get the ball out of their vicinity, and speed it up to their own " home "-men, then these shots and opportunities so wantonly misdirected, be- come of vital importance, for they represent the combined ef- forts of the team. Even in playing in centre field, the number of easy pitches that are miscalculated is much greater than it has any right to be, and the result is to make the games longer and more tedious than they would otherwise be. For years we have endeavoured to impress upon Lacrosse players with whom we have come in contact, both by precept and example, the impor- tance of practising throwing into each other's' crosses and on the flags, but we regret to say that our efforts in this direction have K'HM Throwing. 47 not met with all the success we could have wished for. Many young players consider such practice tedious, and are only too ready to find an excuse for leaving it for the greater excitement of the game. There is no royal road to Lacrosse, any more than to knowledge, and it is a great mistake to suppose that you can make a good player by immediately rushing into the game. To assert that you can learn to play as well by intui- tion as by rule, is to deny that there are first principles in the game ; and though you may in your attempt pick up what may seem to be a successful style of playing, it will bear no comparison to genuine Lacrosse. If any player feels himself sucli an incarnation of genius and wisdom — and we are sorry to siy there are a few such — that he cannot be told anything aboat the game, and thinks that he knows more than his Field Captain and all the rest of the club put together, he may rest assured that he will soon be left behind, and if not put on the " First Twelve," or considered a " Crack " player, it is because other people can better estimate his true value than he is capa- ble of doing himself. Such a player as the above is a nuisance in a club ; he is always giving advice, and trying to correct the faults of others. *' Oh wad some power, the giftie gie us, To see oursel's as ithers see us ; It wad fra mony a blunder free us." ■I'll If they would but act upon this sage advice of Burns it might be beneficial to them, and agreeable to the rest of the club. There are so few really good throwers in a club that they stand out as exceptions. There are lots of players who can throw well, if left alone and given plenty of time ; but the acme of good throwing is to be able, in the excitement of the m 11 48 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. game, to throw accurately from any position, and while you have an opponent at your heels. Many players cannot throw except from one position, and it is not an uncommon thing to see them checked while endeavouring to obtain the only posi- tion from which they can throw. If they cannot get into po- sition, they are either compelled to lose the ball, or rush away from their opponent ; the direction matters but little, provided they have a chance to run, and off they go like frightened hares, looking neither to right nor left for any of their own side, to whom they might throw it, but pushing ahead, and trustiig, like poor Wilkins Macawber, for " something (they have no idea what) to turn up." A ball thrown to a wrong point, vill not, like a boomerang of the Australian savage, come btck again, to give you a chance of retrieving your error ; but it may be exactly all that was necessary to assist your opponents in scoring the game. We cannot impress too strongly upon play- ers the necessity of learning to throw straight, swift, accurately^, and from any position. We divide throws into three kinds ; sliortj medium and long. The short throw is mostly used in fielding, and should be pitched from the head surface of the netting. The medium throws are mostly used in fielding and playing "home," and should be projected from the centre of the netting. Long throws are generally made by the goal-keeper and the defence part of the field, and the ball should always be propell- ed from the lower angle, or pocket. Throwing with one hcmd. — As a rule, the best and most ef- fective throwing is made with both hands grasping the crosse ; but sometimes it is preferable, and oftentimes necessary, to throw with one hand. For example, when in picking up you lile you t throw hing to ly posi- nto po- ih away rovided I hares, $ide. to ustvig, ive no It, vill » btck it may ints in iplay- ately, inds ; Id be lying ' the [ the ►pell- t ef- sse ; ', to you THE OVER SHOT. Throim mj. ¥.* y.fH'- 80 closely oheckcd by your opponent that you cannot extn '.»te the ball, and have no time for a two-haua: 1 throw, the :mne motion ^vhich brings it to jjosition for cairying, can be Accelerated by a jerk, so as to send the ball over their heads W one of y< vxr own side. Also in tho dodgo, by throwing it over »n opponent'^: heaci, it is much better to do it with one. hand than two, as it keeps the checker in ignorance of uhat kind of dodge you intend to try until you have almost performed it. On«-hanoa8i- hjlity to mention them all. We 9ii\\ however, take up some <.if the principal ones. Probably the most im))ort;aU, »rf it is the most effective, is the ovtsr-nhnt from Ou eUouJdei', TUia is done by bringing up ill '' (Hi I I: I KM'- "!i -t Vft ■•«is-» i:, .4:>:V*>^"'^ -tS*-^- THf; OV£.i hhOT Throwmg. 49 1 '.1 are so closely checked by your opponent that you cannot extri- cate the ball, and have no time for a two-handed throw, the same motion which brings it to position for carrying, can be accelerated by a jerk, so as to send the ball over their heads to one of your own side. Also in the dodge, by throwing it over an opponent's head, it is much better to do it with one hand than two, as it keeps the checker in ignorance of what kind of dodge you intend to try until you have almost performed it. One-handed shots are sometimes used in throwing for goal, but it should be only used in cases of emergency ; as a rule they lack in force, although in some cases they will be very puzzling to the goal-keeper, as the distance from which they are thrown is so short that he has no time to fix their direction before they reach him. To make an effective throw with one hand, always grasp the handle of the crosse a little above the middle, hav- ing the thumb flat on top : you have more control this way than any other. ^ In throwing over the heads of opponents to a comrade, al- ways use two hands ; your distance and direction will be much better kept than if you attempt it with one hand. Medium throws are always made with two hands. For fielding they are invaluable ; the one generally used is made in the same way as the short pitch, and should always be deliv- ered from the centre of the netting. For throwing on goal the medium throw with two hands has always been the most suc- cessful. Science has developed so many varieties of these shots within the past few years, that it would be next to a impossi- bility to mention them all. We will, however, take up some of the principal ones. Probably the most important, a« it is the most effective, is the overshot from the. shoulder. This is done by bringing up M. I -1 : 1 1' II' 1 50 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. the crosse to either shoulder, or to the front of the face, the ball resting on the lower angle or centre of the netting, the handle firmly grasped with both hands — right hand at butt, left hand at centre of handle; bring quickly to the front, letting the ball go off with a sudden jerk. This is probably the most puzzling ball that can be thrown at a goal-keeper ; the thrower can make them go in a straight line for him without strik- ing the ground, or he may cause them to bounce near his feet, and it is their velocity added to their uncertainty which makes them so formidable to even experienced goal-keepers. This shot has been in use for some years ; formerly it was mainly thrown from the centre surface of the netting, and its great lack was force ; now, however, that home-men have made it a speciality, and throw almost altogether from the lower angle, it has become so swift and formidable a messenger that the crosse that stops it must be very strongly made, else it will burst through the netting. Probably the best examples of this style of throwing are to be found amongst the " Shamrocks " of Montreal. They have three or four players who throw this shot with beautiful precision and great effect, at a distance of from thirty to forty yards. These shots admit of such great variety that almost every player has a different style of delivering them ; but the general principle of the shot remains intact. The over shot is sometimes used by defence players, but we think that the or- dinary under-shot is preferable in this position, as it is harder to check. Some defence players, however, throw with so much ease and certainty as to make a very useful change from the ordinary method. With the high-backed crosse now in use, the over-shot has become more common than formerly, and a great deal more force can be put into it, and it is now no uncommon thing to see the ball thrown JOO yards and upwards by this Throwing. 51 method. With exceptional cases, it should never be used by i^.elders — it is not easily caught. The exception is when the fielder (as he often does) gets within range of goal and has a chance of a shot. For throwing at goal we think that the over- shot is the best and most useful shot ever introduced into the game. Its principal advantages are that it can be used when on the run, or delivered almost instantly when stopping. It is hard on the goal- keeper, but is good for scoring games, and this being the case, the goal-keeper's feelings are not taken into con- sideration. No further proof of its efficacy is needed than the simple fact that for home-play it has superseded almost entirely all other shots. Side Throws. — These are the prettiest and most graceful me- thods, and are more used than any other in throwing to goal, or to any part of the field. They comprise almost every vari- ety of throw, and, as a rule, are the most effective and prefer- able. In the ordinary medium side-throw the left side should be turned towards the object thrown at, and the left foot ad- vanced about two feet to the side, the right hand should grasp the butt — left hand immediately below the collar or peg. The cross should be held out horizontally and drawn back about three feet, and then brought forward with a quick sweep from right to left, ending with a jerk. This may be used for either a straight or curved ball in throwing to goal as well as to a fielder. If to a fielder, the crosse should, in the forward mo- tion, be inclined to turn slightly on its edge, so as to give the ball an upward tendency. If a straight throw at goal, it should, when delivering, be turned up wholly on its edge, so as to give additional force to the propulsion. In this throw the ball should always start from the centre surface of the netting. Over Head. — This throw is much used by Indian players, and f': n m u A 52 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. I I i 1! I #1 r' J m ('! III «i is very important in cases where you are so closely checked as to have no other resource. A player should always look before he throws a ball in this way, as without this precaution he may as frequently throw it to one of the opposite party as to his own. In this throw the ball should start from the centre sur- face of the netting. The under-throw from the reverse side is also a very important auxiliary to home-men. Its principal advantage is that it can be done almost as easily while running as standing still. If while running and carrying the ball with the right hand, bring it up to a level with the waist, and across to the left side, at the same time turning it on its edge and grasping it with the left hand a little above the centre of the handle ; by a quick, forward jerk, propel the ball in the direction required. This throw will be found very effective at home ; if used while run- ning at full speed the goal-keeper can hardly tell whether you are going to throw or not until the ball is delivered ; it takes no preparation, and is always available. For fielders closely pursued it will be found a valuable assistant, as it may often enable them to give the ball to one of their own side. The throw and hit is never used except by home-men. It is often used by Indians or rough white players ; but can hardly be considered fair, as when hitting down the ball it is almost impossible to keep from striking the goal-keeper in the face, and as a general rule the players who practise it have no com- punction about doing this. It is done by throwing the ball a few feet above the head, and as it descends striking it sharply into the flags with the head or centre part of the netting. We have never seen this used in fielding except on one occa- sion — at the Lacrosse Tournament held at Paris, Ont , in 1867. Tho Indian who used it was ope of Beaver's team of Six Nation Throwing. 53 Indians, and carried a very thick, heavy croRse. His method was to throw the ball up, not more than breast high, and as it descended strike it with the wooden part of the crosse, as is often done in base ball. This player was very expert at it; but unless a white player carried a stick as heavy as his was (and which he could not possibly play with), we are afraid the im- petus given the ball would be very slight. Long throwing. — When the game was in its infancy, proba- bly nothing was more neglected than long throwing; but of late years attention has been drawn somewhat prominently to it, and now it is more used than is either advisable or necessary. If used with discretion it is very important, and is often of great service to the defence players. The velocity of a ball is always (supposing it to be propelled with equal force) increased in proportion to its nearness to the lower angle or termination of the netting. The secret of hard, swift throwing, is always to start the ball from this part, and we think we shall be upheld by all experienced players when we say that a ball can be thrown farther, if started from the lower angle, than from any other part. As a rule white players are much better throwers than Indians. The average throw of Indians is from 50 to 80 yards — very few of them ever come up to 100 yards ; the aver- age throw of white players is from 80 to 100 yards — many can throw from 100 to 110, and a few from 120 to 130 yards. The longest authenticated throw of which we have any knowledge is that made by Mr. W. L. Maltby, of the Montreal club, who, in a match played on the old Montreal cricket ground, threw a distance of 160 yards ; but this is a feat that neither he nor any one else has ever accomplished since. A great many other- wise good long-throws are spoiled by being made too high. As a rule for ordinary long-throwing, from twenty to thirty feet ! ji % 54 Lacrosse, and Hoiv to Play it. is a good height ; but it must be borne in mind that the laws of gravitation apply to long throws with the crosse just the same as to long shots in rifle shooting, so that the farther you want to send the ball the greater must be your elevation. A ball projected at an angle of forty-five degrees — half a right angle — will go much further than if thrown at any other, greater or less. The position in long-throwing is similar to that previously described in side- throws ; but the legs must be kept firmly braced and slightly farther apart. Also in drawing back the crosse preparatory to delivering the ball, the body and arms should be turned so as to face to the rear, thus giving it more of a sweep, and greatly accelerating the force of the throw. If the wind be blowing any way strongly, allowance should always be made for« the distance the ball is likely to be carried by it. A few general remarks to players, and we have done with throwing : No matter what you are going to attempt, let preci- sion be your chief object, and this cannot be obtained without constant practice, so as to train eye, arms and wrists, to act in concert. Always look be/ore you throw. It is but a poor apology for a badly-thrown ball to say that you were in a hurry and hadn't time to look ; if you keep a cool head you can always find time. « Do not hesitate when ihrovnng. — If you intend throwing at all do it at once, and don't wait ; if you do you may often find to your cost that " there's many a slip." Throw gracefully. A player has not always time to make a graceful throw in a match, but he should strive to cultivate such a position while practising. Although the main force in pro- pulsion comes from the arms, much additional force can be ad- ded by a judicious use of the body : yet nothing looks worse Throwing. 55 than to see a player working his whole body as if he were going to propel himself along with the ball. Do not cultivate dangerous throwing. The player who would deliberately and intentionally strike another with his crosse is no gentleman ; yet we sometimes see players throw a danger- ously swift ball at another when they are almost certain that it will injure them. No injury can be considered as the result of an accident when almost certain means of causing it have been deliberately taken ; and we trust that every player who has the least spark of honour in his composition will shun even the very appearance of such play. I CHAPTER VJ. i, . 1 1 ! 1 ; I DODGING. [ HE ease with which an experienced player will carry the ball past a score of the uninitiated may well excite their surprise. It is the ostentation and glitter of the game, and when properly used is not only useful but necessary. The occasions, however, when it is an absolute necessity are of much rarer occurrence than one would be led to suppose by looking at the game as it is generally played. With some players the game Is nothing at all unless they can put themselves on their mettle, and see how many checkers they can possibly carry the ball past ; — never mind if they do get their fingers somewhat peeled or their arms bruised, they have had their fun to themselves — they have experienced that delightful sensation of superiority when they have passed their man, and they are also " tbeir own sym- pathizers " — the verdict generally being, when they get hurt in any way, " served him right." Dodging is said to owe its origin to the vain individualism of the red skins, whose ambition was to carry the ball through a host of opponents, and score the game themselves ; but we fancy that this was only because the red men played it long before the pale faces ever had any idea there was such a game ; for indi- viduality is yet as rampant as ever it was, even in the palmiest days of the aboriginal game. "When with players dodging becomes a mania— as unfortu- nately it does with some — they ought to tone down a little, and ask themselves whether they are really helping their side as much by this insane desire of charging every checker near Dodging. 57 them, as by the cooler and more systematic method of playing in concert with the other members of their team. We feel satisfied that if they give the subject a candid consideration they will own themselves wrong. We would be among the last to undervalue dodging, or to detract from its merits as an auxiliary : but we very much doubt that it should ever have the prominence in the game that even some good players are inclined to give it. We fancy the correct play will be found to lie between the two extremes — neither too much nor too little. If dodging be at all necessary or worth trying at all, it is worth doing well and gracefully, and this knack can only be acquired by long and constant practice ; therefore if any player intends to become a dodger, and it is important that every player should — let him strive to become a good one — for a dodge half done generally results in a failure, and leaves you minus the ball, but in possession of the ridicule of the rest of the field. In dodging, the crosse is held in the hand with v/hich you carry, and in the same position ; but the grasp should be nearer the centre of the handle, as it gives a greater command of the stick. The requisites for dodging are coolness, close calcula- tion, a thorough command of the ball on the crosse, agility of body, and a strong, supple wrist and arm. We divide dodges into two kinds carried and thrown. In the former the ball is kept on the crosse ; in the latter it is thrown past the checker and afterwards recovered. We can only attempt to give a few of the many dodges now practised — the enumeration of all would fill a volume of itself. Carried dodge across the front of the body from right to left. — This is probably the most used of any, and is always available, In performing it the crosse should be grasped about the centre of the handle, the ball lying on the centre surface of the net- D Ui m 1 58 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. I'l i- i 4 ting. As you approach the checker, watch him carefully, and the instant he makes his stroke bend your arm so as to bring the crosse quickly across the front of your body from right to left ; when out of his reach thrust it forward past his right, and at the same time give it a slight twist upwards from left to right to prevent the ball from rolling off. This dodge al- lows of a great many varieties : very few players do it exactly in the same way. Its great success lies in accurately judging the time to make the sweep across the body — if too soon you let your opponent see your manoeuvre, and give him time to prevent it ; if too slow his stroke is likely to take effect and knock the ball off your crosse. This dodge is sometimes varied by changing the crosse quickly into your left hand at the con- clusion of the sweep ; but this is of no advantage whatever, as very few players can control the crosse equally well with either hand. A better plan ' v, when nearing the checker, to thrust the stick out towards him at full arm's length, as if in- viting his stroke : of course when he strikes you draw quickly back, and it leaves you plenty of room to pass easily. Past Checker's left. — This is substantially the same dodge except that you pass the checker on the other side, and there- fore the action is reversed, and the sweep given from left to right. Short stop and turn. — This is a very pretty dodge, and is nearly always successful if well-timed. It takes the checker by surprise, and before he can recover himself, you have plent^' of time, either to throw or alter your direction, if you wish ' run. It is generally done by running off in a straight lino until you get the checker who follows you fairly under way ; when ready make a sudden stop and a quick turn to your right or left, as best suits the position of your pursuer, throwing the Dodging. B9 body well back, and at the same time bringing the crosse up perpendicularly, and sweeping round in the same direction in which you turn. The principal thing in this dodge is to judge the time when the turn should be made : if the checker be too near he may swipe the ball off as he passes you ; if too far off the turn only brings your crosse into a good position for him to knock the ball easily off. The dodge is principally used for the purpose of getting time to make a throw, and if judgment is exercised the player almost invariably succeeds in getting all the time necessary before the checker can recover himself. Turning on your own axis. — This is one of the prettiest of dodges, and is very effective. It is done by making a sudden right wheel, as the checker strikes, using the left toes as a pivot, and at the same time bringing up the crosse to the per- pendicular. Whether this is a complete revolution or not must depend upon the tactics of the checker. You must watch bim closely and at the end of your spin dart forward and pass him. In this dodge the ball should be kept on the centre surface of the netting. When a c1i£cker runs to meet you he can often be avoided alto- gether by slightly and suddenly altering your course, so as to let him pass you : in this way, by good and judicious running, you may thread your way among half a dozen players, and none t them get a chance to check you. When closely pursued by I checker, simply alter your course by darting from right to left. Some good players have a habit of running in short cir- cles, first one way and then the other, describing the figure 8 in their circlings. If they are any way quick of foot it is al- most if -ssible to check them, and they invariably get their throv molested. This ruse is a very good one for defence i - it I ! ! £ 60 Lacrosse, and Hoiu to Play it. players. A very good method, also, is to keep sweeping your crosse from right to left, and vice versa — this motion leaves the checker no time to get a stroke. Thrown dodges over the head of the cnuker is the simplest and most common of all the thrown dodges, and is invariably suc- cessful if done quickly and thrown high enough to clear your opponei ^'fe crosse. It may be done with one or two hands as the dodger chooses, and is performed by simply tossing the ball over the checker's head, darting past him and catching it on the other side. Bear Throw. — This dodge is useful when closely checked in front, and is done by throwing the ball over your own head, turning sharply round and catching it as it descends. The dodger using this should always be sure before he throws that there io no opponent behind him. Another variety of this is used when the dodger is closely pursued ; in this he simply makes a short stop, and at the same time pitches the ball straight up in the air ; the momentum of his pursuer makes him shoot past, and before he can sufficiently recover himself the ball is caught as it descends, and the dodger has a clear field for action. . Past either side or between a checker's legs. — In this dodge two hands must be used. As you approach the checker the crosse should be brought up about waist high, and held out horizontally on the side nearest him, as if inviting his stroke. As he is about to strike invert the crosse so as to bring the face side of the netting down, at the same time g' ve it a jerk so as to make the ball strike about his feet and bounce up on the other side of him, when it can be easily secured. If his legs be apart you can easily throw between them. This dodge is very puzzling, as the checker cannot tell whether you intend :i I Dodging. 61 throwing it over his head or striking it upon the ground until too late. Checker striking crosse. — A very neat and effective dodge is performed by letting the checker strike your crosse at the mo- ment you are about to throw the ball. The concussion of the two crosses increases the force of the throw, and before the checker can recover himself the ball can be secured. This pretty feat, apparently so simple, is one of the most effective dodges we know of : it owes its certainty to the fact that the checker makes himself so sure of securing the ball with his stroke that he overlooks the possibility of its rising over his crosse, or that he himself will unconsciously assist in complet- ing the dodge. Dropping and picking up. — This can scarcely be called a dodge, but is very useful when the player is closely pursued by a checker who keeps striking at the butt of his crosse. It con- sists simply in throwing the ball ahead of you and picking it up as you run. Feigning to throw. — This dodge is more effective with white than Indian checkers — the latter as a rule always make a prac- tice of closing on the person throwing. When the checker approaches you, get into position as if for making a straight, swift shot ; if you have any reputation for making such shots he will instinctively recoil a little ; as he does so throw the ball over his head, or carry it quickly past him. In nearly all thrown dodges the person dodging may use the counter check : that is, to strike down the checker's crosse before you catch the ball. As a rule the ball should always be carried on the centre surface of the netting while dodging, and never pressed into the lower angle or pocket. If you intend to dodge *,. •■< 'K' ■ # (■ ,, .sa'- • ■" :••,■■ ^•,,^ , ^ • .- . - *■ i im y .■ ; . .' > I If }' u M n u a < M O O O ^'liACkiiiy' I R. **'^'*l' i^-.l >i^ /<;- t|. M u w H u z. < o n o iQrf hi* thiow, or of Ptojt}>ing iw ftltoget-hor In bo'iy checking >t. ig preferable to meet the dodger with your shcnilder, turning four side towarde him and having your foet firmly braowl ; it faalcpH th«> concussior) easier, and gives you a better chance of revtntive for all thrown dodges, tleii arn man} carried .loringing your crosse up from the ground and hittiug tho dodger's from uu« ■ f I m ■''m t " il 111 ill ■4i ; ^^:»J i-' \i P ^ a- i ,^«rr 7/ ;1T' II , ^iii ff:r'; hi -44. v-e, 111';'':' ;■ ii* '1 -.tf-. ■■■■ > I . M '4/ 'I' 'j*- O u - *. if ^ \/i o u f ■«i; r Chtcldng. ()5 of his throw, or of stopping it altogether. In body checking it is preferable to meet the dodger with your shoulder, turning your side towards him and having your feet firmly braced ; it makes the concussion easier, and gives you a better chance of making the turn. Although the body check is almost a certain preventive for all thrown dodges, there are many carried dodges that are much easier frustrated by the usual method. We will give these checks in the same succession as the dodges. Plain Check. — As the dodger advances with the ball on his crosse, and attempts the carried dodge from right to left, place yourself in position for checking, with your crosse elevated to the height of your head ; as soon as he comes within reach make a feint, and the instant he makes a swerve from right to left across his body, spring in and deliver your stroke. If pos- sible hit his crosse close to his hand — it has more effect in dis- lodging the ball than if struck nearer the top. Also, if possi- ble, strike his crosse when it has passed the front of his body, as the position is awkward for perfect control or quick recov- ery. There are so many varieties of the plain check that no fixed rule can possibly determine the principle of every action — it can only be acquired by observation and practice ; the great secret of success lies in being able to utilize former ex- perience on the spur of tlie moment. When the dodger tries to pass your left, turn quickly to your left, and act precisely as in the preceding check ; the main dif- ference is that the spring requires to be longer, as the dodger's crosse is farther away. Either of these checks may be varied by substituting the upward stroke for the downward one, as before mentioned. This consists simply of bringing your crosse up from the ground and hitting the dodger's from un- ' ''I i , ■ 'ff :| ■i 5 CO Lacrosse, and JIow to Play it der, and is very important to use when recovering after having missed the downward stroke. Short stop and turn dodge. — This is perhaps the hardest dodge, if properly timed, that a player can be called on to check. Skill is of no avail to thwart it — you have no warning — and it is done so quickly that he is past you before you are aware that any such trick will be attempted. When a checker thinks that the playef carrying the ball is going to attempt this dodge, the best thing he can do is to try and dislodge the ball by striking the butt of his crosse by a circular stroke from right to left. If this fails, and he makes the dodge, leap quickly up, and by a circular and downward stroke endeavour to hit his crosse as he brings it up to the perpendicular. As a general rule a player who carries his crosse in his right hand will invariably make a left turn ; and one who carries with his left hand will turn to the right. If the checker would remember this it would make his success more certain, as he could nearly always keep on the side to which the dodger would turn. Some dodgers — especially Indians — acting on the principle that anything is fair in war, have a trick of stooping down and trying to toss the checker over their heads. This is not fair, but if attempted spring instantly and light directly on top of them. This repeated a few times invariably cures them of this bad habit. Jfhen the dodger turns on a pivot. — This requires great coolness and judgment. Strike his crosse near the collar as soon as he commences his revolution. This stroke must be made over your opponent's head, but great care must be taken not to hit him. If you miss the down stroke, follow closely and try the check upwards as he is bringing his crosse and down to the carry. Chrdinf/. fi7 JVhen closely following a dodger, autl you cannot get at his crosse any where in his rear, try the circular stroke, so as to make the bend of your stick strike his near the collar or on the handle ; this often has the effect of making him drop the ball. Some checkers adopt another and very good method : making a quick spring forward, they pass their arm over the dodger's shoulder, and make a quick downward stroke, so as to strike his netting. This is very often successful, but a player re- quires a good deal of agility to use it. To prevent a jjlayer from iiiding up. — The usual way this is accomplished is to slash your opponent's crosse at the moment he is about to pick up. The fault to this is that it is apt to en- gender rough play. However patient a player may be, he is apt to retaliate in like kind if he gets an opportunity. A much better way is to thrust your crosse under his and hit quickly up- wards as he attempts to pick up. This generally has the effect of making his crosse strike the ground on the wrong side of the ball, and of course he runs past before he can stop him- self. Tlie cover check is used when the ball lies on the ground and you have not time to pick it up yourself and wish to prevent your opponent from doing so. Cover the ball with your net- ting, keeping the wood towards the side from which your oppo- nent approaches. As he make the rush to dislodge the ball depress your handle, and keep the crosse down firmly with both hands. If your opponent attempts to pick it up his crosse will generally slide* over yours, and before he can recover you can pick up without opposition. This check is very much used among the Six Nation Indians, who are very expert at it. In feigned throws, spring at the crosse and never fear them : in doing so your own crosse should be held with the flat part \4 m 08 LacroHHc, and Hov^ to Play it. of the netting towards your opponent, so as to stop the ball if he should turn it into an actual throw. When you see an oppo- nent going to throw, always rush in and endeavour to stop his stick before he completes the sweep. In doing this always present the Hat part of your netting, and if you do not stop the ball — which you very often will do if you are quick — you will at least alter the direction of his throw so much as to make it useless to his side. The safest way of doing this is to turn your side to the thrower, and leap up as you strike. If it be a low grounder that is thrown, turn sideways, and put your crosse in position for blocking instead of striking. A great mistake of many checkers is to take every feint for a bona fide dodge. Old dodgers know this weakness, and try to humour it as much as possible — it adds to their success — therefore beware that you do not let out so much force in your first blow that you cannot recover until they are past. If you can hit the feint it gives you a great advantage, inasmuch as it disconcerts the dodger, and gives him but little opportunity of recovering himself. When you strike, strike quickly — do not dally with your opponent, and try to get a better chance. Try always to check with one hand ; you can strike quicker and much better preserve your equilibrium, or more easily recover yourself if you make a miss. There is about as much difference in quickness between checking with one or two hands, as be- tween using a rapier and a broadsword : any person who under- stands their use knows that there is no equality whatever. P«rsistency in checking is of great value in a player. If he goes after a dodger, let him stick to him until he either takes the ball from him or makes him throw it. If he gets easily discouraged, and the dodger knows it, it is ten to one that he will attempt to pass him just for the fun of the thing, for he ki til Checklmj. 60 knows that if he is followed it will not be very persistently, therefore he takes things very coolly. In fact a thorough dodger has a sovereign contempt for any checker he fancies will not stick to him ; but for one who will, no matter whether he takes the ball or not, he has a certain amount of respect, and is al- ways careful how he approaches him. Try and get up your name for a good check, and you will be infinitely more valued by your own side, and respected by your opponents, than if you were ever so good a dodger. Bough Checking. — Nothing we think has done more injury to the game amongst outsiders or even amongst players themselves, than rough checking. When a spectator sees such an exhibi- tion of rough play as we have sometimes witnessed, he natur- ally feels disgusted with the game and pronounces it only fit for savages. Among players themselves, although not heeded so much, its effects are felt, and we have known one member, who was noted for his rough play, be the means of almost break- ing up the club to which he belonged. It is quite unnecessary that in checking an opponent you should cut or bruise him. It may accidentally happen, but these occasions are so rare that they are scarcely worth notice. The 2)erfection of checking is to secure the ball loithout hitting your opponent. — It is a good thing to be strong and lusty ; but if you are you should also be merciful, as Mrs. Beecher Stowe truly says : " It is excellent to have a giant's strength, But tyrannoixs to use it like a giant." If a player have any grudge against another, we know of no better opportunity of venting his spleen or taking his revenge than while following him as a checker. But we trust that every gentleman who plays lacrosse will have honour enough in him ^1 jl 70 Lacrosse, cuid How to Play it. to avoid even the appearance of any such thiug. It is cowardly, to say the least. If a player will persist in this way after being wfirned, the best thing that can be done with him is to turn him out of the club ; if you do not he will surely bring dis- grace on your club, and may cause you the loss of much better players than himself; for, as a rule, rough players a:o not scientific players — their success arises in most cases from the fear they inspire among those who are peaceably inclined, and have no desire to be maimed for the sake of securing the ball. A player of this kind is " Like the steel of rusted lance, , Usdess and danycroua at once." V- ^^1 i' ^f 1 if i| J mm II CHAPTER VJIL HOW TO PLAY IN GOAL. [HE question has often been raised among players, should there be any defined and stationary positions in the game of Lacrosse ? If by the question is meant al- ways staying in the same place and never leaving it, we answer certainly not ; but there are certain positions for which, as a rule, it is advantageous to practise players, and in which, with certain exceptions, it is advisable to keep them. Of course no one would for a moment entertain the idea of keeping players in one position; as for example, in the game (A cricket, it would entirely destroy the freedom of action, which is the principal beauty of the game. But what we would particularly advise is this, that certain positions ought only to be occupied by men qualified by previous training, and who shall, ex ept on extraordinary occasions, remain somewhere in the vicinity of their posts. The positions which should bo in this sense stationary are goal, point, cover-point and home ; and we pur- pose taking up the various methods of play suited to each in the order named. GOAL-KEEPING. m It a good Lacrosse match the game is all excitement ; but this at no period reaches a greater intensity than when either goal is seriously menaced. With varying success the ball may have sped backward and forward over the field, one side now liaving the advantage, again the other — partial success has been loudly encouraged and individual effort cheered by bursts of ^■iiillllll 72 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. '''•■ [ applause ; but let the ball be brought face to face with the goal, and there be any possibility of its being sent through, and so intense becomes the excitement that not a whisper can be heard ; even * ' The boldest hold their breath. " Let the goal-keeper for a time skilfully save his flags from the threatened danger, and the pent-up feelings burst forth with increased vigour, and shouts of " Well done, goal-keeper ; well saved," fall like incense upon his gratified ears. If, however, he fail to avert the threatened danger, and the game be lost, the exclamations of reproach are hardly drowned by the more joyful shouts of victory. People forget that the goal-keeper, being only a mortal, cannot possibly stop every ball — if he could, the match might last to the end of time ; neither side could possibly win, and thus the game would be shorn of half its interest. Even players forget this fact, and probably the hardest thing he has to encounter is the reproach or jeers of his own side, even of players who have not done their duty half so faithfully as himself. At such times is it any wonder that he resolves he will be maimed or killed at his post (fortu- nately there is no occasion for either) rather than let the ball again through his flags. The goal-keeper has so much more responsibility than any other man on the " twelve," that he ought to be judged leni- ently, and always receive rbe sympathy — never the reproach — of his fellow-players. The only exceptioii we would make to this rule is, when a goal-keeper wilfully or carelessly allows the ball to pass ; then the reproaches he so well merits may have the effect of spurring him on to the future faithful dis- charge of his crerous duties. If a home-man or fielder miss the ball it matterb but little j even if cover or point lose it, li How to Play in Goal. 78 it may be recovered ; but let the goal-keeper '* pass it," the game is totally and irretrievably lost ; he gets no chance to try over again — the die is cast, and like the laws of the Medo- Persians, the decision is irrevocable. A great many playerg labour under the impression that any one will do for goal-keeper. There naver was a greater m'stake made ; if any man on the team requires to be a thorougMy trained man it is the much- abused and underrated goal-keeper. For ourselves although we have had experience in every part of the field, we can safely say that we have a dread of it — not tha^ we may get hurt — we see little danger of that ; but the fear of losing games. Whenever we go into the flags the ball seems to take an in*? ^ notion to come in our direction, and generally manages f>.i>teh'..7 or other to get through. We would rather play a dozed .natches in any other position, than one in the flags — goal-keeping is evidently not our forte. Goal keeping is not chance work : it is a science that can only be acquired by long practice, careful study, and minute atten- tion to the details of the game. Probably no position on the whole team off'ers more room for scientific development than keeping goal. It is true that a goal-keeper may not bo a. good general player : he may be unable to execute any of the bril- Mant dodges or little feats of a fielder, or make a shot with the precision of a trained "home;" but if he thoroughly under- stands his duties, and creditably discharges them, we have no hesitation in saying that he is one of the most useful men on the "twelve," and that the team had better go inio a match minus one of the best fielders than to have goal occupied by a novice. If experience and practice are useful to the fielder, who has but a small portion of responsibility, 'A how much more value must it be to the goal-ketper, upon whose coolness II r ■lU'i * ;.| II 74 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. I m 'I III and decision depends the success of the whole team. Surely if any man needs special training for a special position it is the one on whom devolves so much responsibility. We would ad- vise all clubs who wish to be a success, to pick out a couple of players and train them for goal, the same as other players are trained for home or defence men, and keep them at it : the longer they practise the more perfect and reliable will they be- come. A trained man in goal greatly strengthens the confi- dence of t; 3 fielders, just as the presence of infantry supports that of cavalry. A long throw from defence or centre-field may almost instantly change the face of the game, and give the home-men such an advantage that if the goal-keeper have not resources within himself, he cannot possibly get assistance from others ^n time to save the game. How needful, then, that he should thoroughly understand the art of stopping the home- men's tips or shots. To make a successful goal keeper a player requires to possess a good eye, steady nerve, and any amount of pluck — the more the better. He is a kind of target for the balls of the home- men, and if he cannot receive them without flinching he can never expect to be a success. Although a goal-keeper does not require to be a crack player, he is all the better if well up in the different branches of the game. There are three things however, which he should excel at, and which, it he would but practise thoroughly, would make his services much more valuable to his side. He should be able to make a quick dash of 30 or 40 yards, be able to pick up while going at full speed — and also be able to make a good long throw. If he is able to do these three things well, he can often materially assist the other defence players when they are hard pressed. Dodging he need not much mind ; the only dodges c How to Pliiy in Goal. 75 irely if ia the lid ad- iple of jr8 are it: the hey be- ! confi- ipports Bid may ive the ive not ce from that he 3 home- possess le more home- he can player, of the d excel d make be able pick up )od long an often re hard dodges that are really of service in his position are those that will help him to get his throw, such as ** short stop and turn,'' as des- cribed in the previous chapter on dodging. Requisites. — The goal-keeper's crosse should be made of light wood — good second-growth white ash is the lightest and strong- est, and for his purpose probably answers better than any other. In width he should avail himself of the extreme limit of the law, and make it if possible twelve inches wide. It should be double netted with the very best clock-gut, and should be made impervious to any ball : looks should be considered as secondary to strength. It should not be made so long as to be unwieldy : probably the best gauge of length is to have the handle come a little below the arm-pit. His dress should also differ slightly from that of his comrades. In addition to the usual tights and socks, he should have a thick pair of woollen stockings reaching above the knee. Some goal-keepers wear regular cricketer's leggings : o.'t however effective these may be in protecting his legs, we consider them altogether too heavy and cumbersome if he intends to do any running at all. He should also wear shoes instead of thin rubbers or moccasins : they afford better protection to his feet when stopping grounders ; — also he should have A peaked cap, so as to completely shade his eyes should he be so unfortunate as to be compelled to play facing the sun. He should always study the ground in the vicinity of his goal : if there be any unevenness or inequalities he ought to notice them carefully, and see ho.vr they are likely to effect shots com- ing toward the flags ; and if there be any lumps or loose stones lying around he ought to trnmp down the one and remove the otiier. If the wind be blowing so strong as to flutter the flags, and cause them to annoy him, s^rjure them by passing rubber bands around them. A very good plan is to draw three lines 70 Liwros8t, mul Ho'W to Play it. I I out in front of goal with his crosse — one from each of the flags, and one from the centre — their advantage is, that when his back is turned to the goal he can tell his exact position without being compelled to turn round. Position. — The goal-keeper should never stand directly between the flags ; he should always stand at least two feet in front. The reason for this is, that if while standing in the flags he makes a slip after partially stopping the ball, the game is lost ; but if he stands a couple of feet forward he can often secure it before it has crossed the winning line. When stopping balls, always keep both hands on your crosse, right hand at the butt, left hand above the collar, the side with which you play always facing the front. This position should always be maintained when the attack is towards or nearing your flags. Never sit nor lie down between your flags during a match. " Ready, aye ready," should be your motto. Keep your eye constantly upon the ball, and do not allow your gaze to wander amongst the spectators — a few seconds of inattention may lose you the game. As a rule the best position for general play is to assuniM an erect, easy attitude ; but for close, crowded play, when the Vt keeps below waist-height, and is more apt ix> be kicked or swiped in between player's legs than thrown through, stoop down, or half sit on one kee, as in the " Hy the " position for riflemen, and take a short firm hold uf your crosse. The best goal-keeper, without exception that we have ever seen, was the one who kept the flags in the matches played by Beaver's team of Six Nation Indians : he always made a practice of squatting down on his haunches whenever his goal was menaced. We have seen him stop a score of shot* in a match; indeed it it was almost iuipossible to get the oall past him, so coolly and dexterously did he \x^ his crosse. It of the it when position between •nt. The makes a uut if he before it ir crosse, lide with a should nearing ;s during i.eep your r gaze to ibtention r general crowded more apt thrown Hythe" Hr crosse. ver seen, Beaver's actice of menaced, indeed it oolly and How to Pla,y m Ooal. 77 Guards.- — The variety of guards used in defending goal is not very extensive; the ones principally used are the cut and the hlock^ and by their judicious use the goal-keeper will be enabled to .stop almost any ball. The cut is the guard by which you at once stop the ball and propel it in any required direction. It is performed simply by drawing the crosse slightly back the instajit the ball touches the netting, and then by a quick forward motion cutting it in any direction required. Balls may be cut equally well with either side of the netting ; this, however, depends upon the direction and the kind of a ball thrown. As a general rule, any balls thrown above waist-high are better stopped with the re- verse side ; those below, with the front side of the netting. Balls thrown exactly waist-high from either side should be met with the side of the crosse which will bring the wood to- ward the flag pole past which the ball is coming ; if thrown from a point at right angles to the pole on your right, meet it with the left side of your netting, and vice versa. The principal advantage of the cut is, that when the goal is crowded and you have not time to manoeuvre the ball, or get a throw, you can at once place it with any particular man of your side. If properly done, it is the neatest and most effective way of stopping medium or high balls thrown to goal. Great care must be taken, however, not to retreat the crosse too far, else you may make a mistake, and put it through the goal yourself. On the other hand be careful not to cultivate the slashing style, so common to many goal-keepers : it does not look well, and is very hard on the crosse. If not properly ex- ecuted the cut easily degenerates into swiping. The goal- keeper should at morning practice always make it a point, when cutting, to do so to one of his own side, and endeavour to makt H'- '.I II 78 Lacrosse, and How to Play It. his cuts with as much precision as a fielder does his throws. In matches it is generally safer to cut to either side than to your immediate front, unless you can by doing so place the ball with one of your own side who is uncovered. If you have time, cut to the man least checked ; but if the goal be crowded, do not hesitate to slash it to yoyr immediate front, regardless of who may be in fiont of you. The hloc.k is the most common guard for all balls, especially short, quick throws or tips. If the object of the goal-keeper is to block the ball and retain it for a throw, it is really catch- ing, and although performed under somewhat disadvantageous circumstances, is done in a somewhat similar manner. If his object is merely to stop the ball, then it is a similar operation to blocking a ball at cricket, and when it is stopped, he can either tip it to one of his comrades, or, if he has time, secure a throw. If a ball, as it sometimes does, slips in blocking, hook it quickly towards the front, or stop it as in the cover check ; above all things in a dilemma of this kind keep cool, and you will generally succeed in stopping it, but if you get excited you will in all probability knock it through. We have seen this done several times in matches, and we do not know of any time that a goal-keeper feels more humiliated than when, instead of saving his goal, he has put the ball through himself. The instant you block at either side spring quickly to that side, so as to bring your legs in line with your crosse ; if the ball Slips sideways you have the extra guard of your legs to aid your crosse. The perfection of goal-keeping is always to have as much possible surface either of netting or body — netting is always preferable to the goal-keeper's feelings — to oppose the ball, and that always in the right place. The goal-keeper's crosse a body, side by up the goal fiov) to Play in Goal. 79 iW8. In to your ill with me, cut do not of who pecially 1-keeper Y catch- tageous If his )eration he can secure a g, hook ' check ; ind you ted you 3en this ny time Btead of to that ; if the ;s to aid to have stting is tose the ceeper's al ; but even in quick, short shots, if properly manipulated, they will succeed in stopping nine out of every ten. In stopping ground- ers, or very swift, low shots, a very good plan is to close the legs together, and hold the crosse directly in front ; if the ball should happen to force its way through the netting, it is almost certain to be stopped by the legs. Although goal-keeping is a science, and should always be per- formed in a scientific manner, yet there are occasions when the feet are found to be very useful coadjutors of the crosse ; and even the most perfect goal-k«^epers, in an emergency, do not hesitate to stop the ball or Kick it out with their feet. The hands, which the goal-keeper (see Rule XII) is alone allowed to use, are also very useful in stopping or patting away balls, especially those which come directly in line with the body or face. The old goal-keeper of the Ontario club of Toronto was particularly good at stopping balls in this way, and in matches we have often seen him save his flags when such a thing seemed almost impossible, by stopping and paUing the ball away with his hand. He was an exception, however, and we would not recommend the substitution of the hand for the crosse, except under very peculiar circumstances. Although allowed to stop or pat away, the goal-keeper should always remember that he is not allowed to catch or throw in this way. In regard to the different ways of stopping the different kinds of balls, such as grounders, hoppers, straight and curved balls, tips, kicks, swipes, etc., we can only say that we have not space to enumer- ate them ; every variety of ball requires a corresponding vari- ety of position to counteract it, and this can only be acquired by experience and practice. With the cut and block every va- riety of ball can be stopped ; it only requires that the goal- keeper should know how to use them. For this reason, if a Wr mmmm Ih :l . 1 :' so Lacro88e, and How to Play it. club want to have a " crack " goal-keeper, and one thoroughly up to his business, they should make it a point to give him «pecial practice. The best way of doing tliis is for the goal- keeper and seven or eight of the best throwers to assemble half an hour before the rest, and placing the flags about the centre of the field, take up their positions at different distances, as seen in the accompanying diagram : I J F z H GK = D A B £ and pepper away at him as hard as they can. If the throwers have two or three balls so much the livelier practice ; if not then take turns, alternately throwing from front and rear, right, left, and centre. In this way the goal-keeper has within the space of a few minutes every possible variety of shot, and at every possible angle. The ball should be thrown in every va- riety of way, and with varying degrees of force : he should be treated to grounders, straight and curved balls, hoppers, and in fact every kind of shots that are puzzling or effective. We have often tried this plan, and can personally testify to its suc- cess ; and we are sure if a goal-keeper has half an hour's work of this kind every practice morning for a couple of weeks be- fore a match you need feel no anxiety on his account. We have often been asked the question, Should the goal-keeper ever leave his place 1 The opinion and practice of a good many are that he ihould not : on the contrary, however, we think that he How to Play ir?. Goal. 81 should. By this we do not mean that he should desert his flags for the purpose of playing in some other part of the field — for where there was only one trained goal keeper this would be simply ridiculous ; but that there are often occasions when, by a reasonable desertion of his place, he may save the game. For example — suppose the ball be thrown over the flags, or to some point much nearer to him than to any one else : in such a case as this it would be his duty to dash out and get it. Again, if the ball was thrown towards the goal, and landed between an opponent and himself, he might dash out and secure it, or else swipe it to one of his side before his opponent reaches it, but he should never try an experiment of this kind unless he is perfectly certain of getting the ball. The goal-keeper in this way can often relieve point when hard pressed. The goal- keeper and the rest of the defence players should have the ut- most confidence in each other, and play into each other's hands in preference to trying individual play. If goal has the ball and is hard pressed h3 should tip it at once to any uncheclced de- fence player in preference to running any risk by dodging in order to secure a throw. hiever leave your goal unprotected : if you have to go out and there is the slightest danger, let point or cover take your place till you return. Whilst it is folly for any person to say that the goal-keeper should never leave his flags, it is equal folly to act in the way some goal-keepers do — continually leaving their flags, running down the field, and endeavouring to do a fielder's work in addi- tion to their own. If a goal-keeper keeps his goal carefully he does his duty ; that's what he is put there for, and anything he may do in addition to that should be considered as an extra, and should be performed to relieve iome over-taxed player. m ^^5^21 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe ^/ :/. u. :/, 1.0 I.I 1.25 :f Ks 1110 1.4 1.6 W <*3^ ' <1S Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 « rn>^ ,v \\ fv c^ «>. ^ # m 8iB Lacrosse, and How to Play it. A very puzzling situation to a goal-keeper is when an uncheck- ed player bears down upon hira and threatens, to run through goal with the ball. What will you do — stand still and meet his attack in the flags, or run out and meet him 1 Instinct, or perhaps fear, makes you rush out and endeavour to check him ; and ten to one but half of your side will yell at you to do the same. But if you would but think for a moment you would see that this is not the proper course to pursue : if he be any dodger at all your rush only seals your fate, for he can toss the ball over your head; and, even if you succeed in body-checking him, the ball will be through the flags before you can reach it. The best plan is to stand about a foot in advance of the centre of the goal, with your body firmly braced, and your crosse at the " ready." If he sees you cool and steady, he will hardly attempt to run over you, but will almost invariably throw. Watch the ball on his crosse, and when he throws either make a quick cut or block it. In our experience the latter — re- maining at goal — has invariably been the most successful way of saving the game : the main thing is to keep cooL A few words of advice to the goal-keeper, and we have done with his important duties : Never have any fear of being hurt when you see a swift ball coming ; if you are nervous it will not make the chance any less, but rather more, make up your mind to stop the ball and save your flags at all hazards. Always go into a match determined to do your best, and be sure you will succeed. Never leave your flags for the purpose of making long runs down the field : prefer rather to make a long throw, or pitch it to one of your side. When you do leave your flags, try and confine yourself to the part of the field nearest you ; never go so far but that in an emergency you can regain your post. Keep both friends and opponents outside your goal crease : if ffow fo Play in Goal. S3 any obstinate home player refuses to keep back, swing your crosse a few times round your head — this will generally have the desired effect. Get all the practice you can ; don't be dis- couraged or disgusted with your position, or think it is one that any person can fill ; it is nut, and if you fill it well your club will always feel proud of yon. Always study to succeed, and whatever you do, try and do it well : you have the most respon- sible position on the " twelve "—see that you fill it with hon- our to yourself and credit to your club. if ±ULJi Ih CHAPTER IX. HOW TO PLAY DEFENCE. N order to ensure success in any well contested lacrosse match, nothing is more essential in a team than to have a well organized defence. The " defence field," which now generally consists of four players, viz : Goal, Point and two Cover Points, are in< reality a small team in themselves. They are dependent in a great measure upon their own exer- tions, their play is purely defensive and of necessity different in style from that of either the Fielders or Home Players. This quartette, if composed of the right material and properly trained to play to each other, should become so proficient in their duties that it would be well nigh impossible to get the ball through the flags they are defending. But to do this they must have the utmost confidence in each other, and refuse to allow any rivalry or petty jealousy to interfere with their unity of action. With them unity is indeed strength. The Goal -Keeper and his duties having been dealt with at length in our last chapter, we will in this, try to define the duties and position of the others and the general working of the whole. POINT. Point is probably the most important position on the whole field — he is, as it were, the keystone of the defence, and home- men generally consider that when point has been passed, the game is as good as won. Possessing nearly if not quite as much responsibility as the goal-keeper, the qualifications for How to Play Defence. It are both numerous ai 85 this important post are both numerous and varied, crosne it is a very hard thing to define who is the best player ; for a person may excel in one particular branch of the game, and yet be below par in another. As regards general play, however, point should be emphatically the best man on the team, and ought to be proficient in every part of the game. He should possess a quick eye, good legs, muscular arms, sound wind, be able to handle his crosse with ease, and to stand any amount of shouldering. His position is that of protector of the flags, and is therefore one of defence — not attack. As a general rule he should stay in the vicinity of his flags, and about forty feet in front of the goal-keeper ; but of course his exact position can only be regulated by that of the opposing " Home," his entire duty being to check him and keep him from throwing on the flags. This is too often forgotten by many players occuping this position, who make a point when- ever they get a chance of taking a dash down the entire length of the field. This we have no serious objection to, provided that his side has the best of the game and he is under no apprehension of the match going against them ; but if it bo any way even, his object should rather be to keep himsolf fresh and ready to frustrate any attempts that his opponents may make to throw or dodge through the goal. He should he an adept at picking up, and should make quick- ness and certainty in this the object of special practice. If point can pick up quickly, and in any position, he will find it of inestimable advantage in case the vicinity of the goal becomes crowded, as it often is when a rush is made to force the game, and the ball is shintied and knocked hither and thither. In such a position as this a slow picker-up stands a very poor chance, his crosse is almost invariably knocked out of his hand mmmmmm — -K^ - 5SS 80 Lacrosse, and Hoiv to Play it. before he can get the ball on it ; but if he be able to pick up with a quick dash, he can often succeed in getting it out of the crowd and save his goal. He ought also to be well up in long-throwing ; this should also be made a special practice, as it is more necessary for defence- men than any others on the team. He should be able, on an ordinary sized ground, to throw from his own position down to the enemy's flags, or so that his own home-men can secure it. In the bunching attack so peculiar to Indians, a long throw, judiciously given, will be found of great advantage. In this attack they mass all the men they can around your flags, often neglecting their own defence entirely, and try to rush it through ; a long throw in this case completely disorganizes them, as the ball gets to their flags long before they can get force enough there to defend them. Even among white players we have often seen games taken by long throws, \t >en one side seemed so much stronger than the other that they fancied they had it all their own way. We have often been asked what style of throwing is prefer- able for defence play ? Our own idea is, that the regular under- shot is by far the best, because the ball can be sent farther than by any other way, and it is not so easily checked as other styles of throwing. Some, however, prefer the over-hand shot, and by dint of hard practice, they make it answer every pur- pose. For the general run of players, we think the under-shot will be found the most serviceable and most easily mastered. Of course, where practicable, defence-men ought to learn thorough- ly both styles of throwing, and use them as their needs most require. Point should he able to throw guidcly^ surely, and from any ^ositioUf and^ as a rule, should not run any farther down the How to Play Defence. 87 prefer- under- ir than other |d shot, y pur- ^er-8hot •ed. Of irough- most \om any Iwn the fleld than is necessary to secure a safe throw. The exceptions to this rule are, when the game is favourable to his side he may take a run down the field ; or he may relieve an overtaxed fielder, and go down to help the attack. He should never leave his place for good without getting some reliable player to take it for him ; even if going down the field for a run, the next man out should close in and take it until he returii. Long throwing, although very good under certain circum- stances, does not always answer ; it is often overdone, and is then productive of more harm than good. For example, in- dUcriminate long throwing gives your own home-men a very poor chance to secure the ball, as it is just as likely to light near an opponent as one of your own side. Under these cir- cumstances " home " is so closely checked as to have hard work getting it at all, and if he does succeed he has periiaps to run tho gauntlet of half a dozen checkers before he gets a shot. Although it must always be controlled by circumstances, point should make long throws the exception and not the general rule : his throws should depend upon the positions of the op- posing checks. It would be folly to make a long throw to the home men if they were all checked, while at the same time there were fielders uncovered, or vice versa. To throw in this way necessitates a cool head and plenty of practice. Many players object to play point because it does not give them a chance to show oflT their fancy playing. Any player that ob- jects for this reason should never be put in the position : point should at all times be ready to sacrifice effect for the sake of solid advantage. Although point should understand and be able to dodge weU, he should be very careful when and where he does so. He should never dodge immediately in froni*, of his own flags — it is a cri- I 88 Lacrosse, and How to Flay it. tioal place, and the ilightest slip or mist may lose the game. It is very s Idom that he is compelled to dodge, as he can gener ally place the ball with one of his own side without it, and should always remember that " discretion is the better part of valour," and act as if he believed it. In stopping balls thrown at flags, the point should be guided by the position of his op- ponent ; if he has a chance he had better catch and throw ; but if not, he had better stop and cut them, as described in goal- keeping. In doing this he should either place the ball with cover point or the nearest unchecked fielder, or where he can, by a dash, get it first himself. Above all things else point should he a good, check. — As his prin- cipal duty is defence, he should make checking a study, and en- deavour to become so perfect in it that it will be almost an impossibility to pass him. He should always stand and receive the dodger, and never allow himself to rush out and make the attack himnelf; he should always remember that if the dodger passes him the iliigs aie unprotected, except by the goal-keeper. On the other hand he should beware of keeping so close to the flags as to interfere with the goal keeper^ and prevent him getting a chance of seeing the ball. The great fault of some points is that of backing in upon the goal-keeper whenever a scrimmage occurs close to the flags : this gives him a very poor chance of either seeing the ball or using his crosse, and it is no wonder that we often hear complaints from the goal-keeper on this point. The hunching attack on the flags can only be met by cool de- termination and hard checking. If the ball is kept on the ground^ do not hesitate to swipe it to one side, where you may get a chance to pick up. If it rises cut it to one side ; only whatever you do must be done promptly, and as if you meant m*. It k gener it, and part of thrown his op- ►w ; but in goal- dU with he can, lis prin- and en- most an . receive lake the I dodger -keeper. ise to the getting points is rimmage hance of > wonder on this - cool de- t on the you may dej only ou meant ! I t ^ & < I llouj to Play Dcjem^. 89 't. In connection with this we romerahjT a laughable incideia wiiich orcurnd in a Tnatch itj which we took part, play od at Hrn.npUtn, against a U-ara of Six Nation Indiana. The red.'> as usual buuciied the goal, nnd tried to WMfk tht? ball throujjh with t*i cht(k / is a qiu^stlun often askiul. This depends very much upon how they are matched ; if point be an equally good player he has an advantage by standing m front, as by can al- wayK gtjt the lirst chance at the bail, but he inuHt take caiethat he does not get too far ahen J, »*l«e hum*: luuy back up and ee- cure a ball thrown over hii hr-a I before he cau get n«'ar enough to check Imn. Wo hardly think it fair that a ;>layer should stand behind anoiher and always rUaU d.>wn hi« stirk as the bail approaclies-^it has no soiecce whaieNPr aboot it, and srnackft strongly of "Donnybrouk fair,' If point finds home try tiiis game with hii'i, he had betwr w^-t-p hie ciosse below the level of his head, and as tlio ball approaches make a spring for- ward to meet it ; die try and couu'^r him by a trial ^A his own game. Should poi'it always siiJc by the. homo- man hi u chcding f W« 1 : ■ How to Play Defence. i it In connection with this we remember a laughable incident which occurred in a match in which we took part, played at Brampton, against a team of Six Nation Indians. The reds as usual bunched the goal, and tried to work the ball through with their feet. There were so many of them concentrated around the ball that our players could do nothing to stop them, and they were quickly lessening the distance between them- selves and goal. What science could not effect we had to man- age by a coup-de-main, and thus we did it : In company with our goal-keeper, and shoulder to shoulder, we made a dash di- rectly at their centre, tumbling them over like nine-pins, and making a line clear through them, through whicn cover-point instantly followed and secured the ball. The Indians were pro- bably as much astonished as ourselves at the success of our un- expected charge ; any way it cured them of trying it again. Whether should point stand in front or behind the home man he has to check >' is a question often asked. This depends very much upon how they are matched ; if point be an equally good player he has an advantage by standing in front, as he can al- ways get the first chance at the ball, but he must take care that he does not get too far ahead, else home may back up and se« cure a ball thrown over his head before he can get near enough to check him. We hardly think it fair that a player should stand behind another and always slash down his stick as the ball approaches — it has no science whatever about it, and smacks strongly of " Donnybrook fair." If point finds home try this game with him, he had better keep his crosse below the level of his head, and as the ball approaches make a spring for- ward to meet it ; else try and counter him by a trial of his own game. Should point always stick hy the home-man he is checking f We F <)0 Lacrosse, a'ixd How to Play it. think not. Some point players do, but we have generally ob- served that g iroes are much more easily won by a good home team against a defence that practise this style of play, than against a defence that go for the ball almost regardless of the position of the opposing home-men. The reason is simply-that while the point player is almost a fixture, the home-man can roam at pleasure all over Lis end of the field ; if point follows him out too far from the flags both he and his side are placed at a great disadvantage if by any chance some dashing fielder should make a descent on the flags. A good home man will always endeavour to draw his check away from the flagn, as it leaves the way open for himself or some of his side to make a break if they get hold of the ball. If the home player wants to wander ofi", point should by all means let him go— alone. Point should always remember that in checking he should always keep on the inside or between the home player and the goal He should always let home attack him, and if he puts on a bold front and keeps cool, home will generally throw to some other player, or on the flags ; a home player very rarely tries to dodge a defence player in " cold blood," if he should it ought to re- sult in failure for him. A few words of advice and we have done with point and his duties : If you intend to fill this position worthily, you must make its duties the object of special practice. Always keep cool and collected ; don't allow imaginary danger or fancied success to draw you away from your position — over^confidence is almost as bad as being too timorous, and often as disastrous. Always use your body when checking — never trust to your crosse. Keep your eye on home, and don't let him get off" by himself; when he tries this there is mischief brewing, and you may be sure he means to make trouble with you. Hcfw to Play Defence. 91 ly ob- home , than of the ilythat m can follows placed ; fielder lan will gB, as it make a ir wants lone. B should : the goal m a bold ne other to dodge :ht to re- and his ^ou must lys keep fancied )nfidence (sastrous. to your ret oflf by and you Try and make your picking up a certainty ; your throwing accuracy ; your checking impassable, and you will soon become a *' crack " point, and an invaluable member of your team. COVER POINT. Cover point should be about the same distance from point ad point is from goal. He is the coadjutor of point, and, though allowed more liberty, i^hould always be on hand when wanted. He should possess all the qualifications of point, but has rather more freedom in using them. He can dodge rather more, and may often make a dash down the field : when he does so his place should be supplied by the nearest fielder. As a general rule he has to stand more real hard work than point : he is a sort of human breakwater, and has always to bear the brunt of the first shock. He should thoroughly understand point's style and peculiarities of play, and always try to take advantage of them. The importance of having a properly organized defence has never yet been fully appreciated. From our own experi- ence we can safely say that the duties of a defence player can never be thoroughly learned ; but if anything will tend to make one perfect in it, it is constant practice. The duties and combi- nations of defence are so entirely different from those of any other part of the field, that they require close application and perfect harmony among the players to secure the action neces sary for successful play. Place a fielder or home-man at either point or cover-point, and he is like a fish out of water ; the duties and practice of his new position are entirely anta- gonistic to those of his former place, and he has not only to learn new duties, but also unlearn old ones. As the colours of a regiment going into battle are always protected by a guard of picked men, whose duty it is rather to I! Ill I I> 11! i 02 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. lay down life than suffer them to be taken ; so should the goal- keeper, point, and cover- point, likewise constitute a guard that will rather suffer anything than allow their flags to be dishon- oured. Just in proportion as they perfectly understand each other's play, and have confidence in one another, so they make a defence strong or weak. f I CHAPTER X HOW TO PLAY IN THE FIELD. (t±. vso ,T would be hard to define the precise position of fielders : they are, as it were, the skirmishers of the " twelve " — the connecting links between defence and home, and as such their positions, like their duties, are both numerous and varied. Although having the utmost freedom of action, and allowed the range of the entire field, they have definite positions, neverthe. less, and during the fluctuations of the game must be prepared either to aid, or, if necessary, assume the positions of the more fixed points, as occasion may require. If the defence be outnum- bered, as is often the case by a sudden rush, the nearest fielders should go to their assistance : if on the contrary they have the best of the game, their endeavour should be to assist " home " in getting the ball through. In the present manner of opening the game, by facing the ball between two players. Centre-field becomes a fixed and defi- nite point, his position being exactly midway between the goals: but this position lasts no longer than the face, and as soon as that is accomplished he becomes as moveable as the rest. Many players think that facing is not scientific — that any one can do it as well as another — but let them face with an '* old hand," and toHheir surprise (it's very strange, and they can't tell how it is done) their opponent invariably gets the bail. As a gene- ral rule most " centres " when facing, aim more to get the ball, than to send it in any particular direction. If there is science in facing at all — and we claim that there is — they should strive to perfect themselves in it, and not onl^ take the ball away froiji 11' 94 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. their opponent, but place it with one of their own lide. We hare often observed that short games, lasting from ten to thirty seconds, or perhaps a minute, are invariably the result of centre' field getting the ball and passing it at once to Jwme. If it is at all important for a side to get possession of the ball during the game, surely it is doubly so when they are all fresh and ready for work. To enable centre to do this, we purpose giving a few of the best methods of facing we know of — there are many others which he may easily find out himself (the more he can learn the better), but let him not be satisfied with simply draw- ing his crosse, and trusting to luck. Position. — In regard to position, centre should choose that which is easiest and most natural to him : but should avoid getting down on his knees, or any other position which will interfere with his movements when completing the face. The best position we know of, and the one used by more good players (both Indian and white) than any other, is to grasp the crosse with the left hand an inch or two above the collar, the right hand at the butt; the left leg is advanced, and the body inclined forward. The advantages of this position are, that he has an easy and perfect control of his limbs and body, is not in any way cramped, and is ready at once to try any ruse he may premeditate. In all " faces," it must be remembered, that practice is the only thing that will ever make you perfect : theory is very good in its place, but it cannot compete with practice. Combine the two and you strike the happy medium. It is also premised before starting that every " centre " has a slight ridge or sharp edge on the upper side of the woodwork of his crosse : it will be found very useful, and if he has not got it on his crosse ought to secure one having it. Up and over. — This is the ^ost common of all faces, and is How to Play in the Field. 93 ehave thirty ' centre* it is at ing the . ready iving a 9 many he can y draw- »3e that i avoid ich will 5. The 'e good rasp the lar, the le body that he is not ruse he ed, that effect : te with a^dium. " has a >odwork has not and is merely a feat of strength. The ball is lifted up and over the opponent's crosse by the above mentioned ridge, being firmly pressed against his netting. The worst fault that this has — if it can be called a fault — is that it is so common that almost every one knows it. The draw and hook is a great favourite with Indian facers, and is almost invariably used by them. It is done by drawing the crosse, and along with it the ball, quickly toward you, and hookinrj it from your opponent with the side of the bend, at the same time making a backward spring from the left foot. The surest way when hooking the ball is to turn the handle of your crosse slightly outward so as to prevent your opponent hooking it from you. Flat face may be done either of two ways, and will be found equally successful vyilh either. At the last sound of the word "play," give your crosse a quick turn from right to left, or vice versa, pressing the side firmly into your opponent's netting, and by a quick, downward motion, cover the ball with the head or centre surface of your netting. When in this position you can either, by a quick jerk, draw it towards either side, or send it between your legs. Back catch. — This is a very simple and ingenious face, and is invariably successful if properly managed. It is performed by raising your crosse so as to clear the ball, and pressing the bend firmly into your opponent's netting ; force it over and your crosse downwards, until the woodwork gets between his crosse and the ball ; then draw quickly to your righc* Before centre commences to face, he should quietly inform the nearest fielder to which side he intends taking the ball, so that the Utter may regulate his position so as to take a«lvan- tage of it. He should also remember that the biu^plest method^ *\\ '^i n v£- i :ii 96 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. of facing ueed practice, and that, if he would be a suecessfal facer, he should have more than one Aray of taking the ball. As the early fortune of each game in a great measure depends upon the way the ball is sent at the start, it will be seen that the responsibility of the centre is much greater than that of any other fielder, and offers more than ordinary scope for dia plays of skill. It should always be his endeavour therefore to get the ball and send it down to his opponent's flags : it greatly encourages his own and disconcerts his opponent's side, and there is always the chance of its being put through. Facing over centre becomes an ordinary fielder, although as a general rule, he is allowed more latitude of range than the rest. The fielders should be expert in every part of the game al- ready detailed, especially so in picking up, short-catching and pitching. Their personnel should be lithe and wirey, not over- burdened with flesh, but having enough to withstand the shock of a body check, with good wind and running capabilities; they might easily answer the description of the ancient waro rior: " Whose square turned joints and length of limb, Showed him no carpet knight so trim, But in close fight a champion grim." A fielder may or may not be a " crack " runner. As a rule crack runners do not make the best players. In our experience we can safely say that we never knew a crack runner to make a crack player. Whether it is that they have too much confi- dence in their own fleetness, or are unwilling to devote the time and labour necesssary to be proficient, we cannot say ; whichever it is, the result is invariably the same — they are not a success. Of course we do not mean to decry the advantages icessfal >alL epends )n that that of br di& erefore Ags : it >neQt'8 TGUgb. h as a an the ime al- ig and t over- s shock ilities ; it war- a rule erience nake a confi- )te the ►t say ; ire not mtages e "'' s (4 fiV-. (4 < M n //o-w . »»»«* tirhough cert-iiirdy more beautiful to lork at, yet it lacked almost entiPHiy the science and success of the game cf today. This i.s why ^t tirst our best " twelves" were so easily defeated by the luduin team-s with whom they ventured to compete. They frhe Tn'hins), althouErh probably no better players than tbo white's, had a unity of aim and pur- pose, and worked so harmonioiTjiy inN> each other's liands that success to them was nothing less thsn* a c ertaii>ty. Of late year!*, however, white players have begun to recognise the importance f playing to one another, and success, as a consequence has crowned their efFort.s, V\ H: -y J 1 1 % 1 1 ■'■'ii li I I -k .1 M ii':.;-;:. ,iili I ./' ^s. .y .■*«; .? ,5 . '.vV >-), I 3'; (if -^ rm ■'.ilfiM How to Play in the Field. 97 of rapid running in a player over one who does not possess an average amount of speed. If the two can handle the ball equally well, the best runner has an immense advantage. But what we would wish to impress is, do not trust to your running — it is played out — it looks very pretty to see a player scour along the edge of the field, taking the ball with him, but the end is generally a failure ; he cannot once in a thousand times send the ball through the flags, and generally gets so fagged out and useless that it is easily taken from him or secured as he attempts to throw. When the game was in its infancy the rule was for every player as he got the ball to charge down the field, and endea- vour to take the game or du all the playing himself. Every one else on his side was entirely ignored — to him they were as if they were not — in his own imagination he was '' charging an army while all the world wondered ;" but the result generally proved that if he had not the heroism of the " noble six hun- dred," he had at least shared in the stupidity of their command- er, and had blundered enough to render his exertions useless, or worse than that. Indhnduodity was then the prominent characteristic of the play, and although certainly more beautiful to look at, yet it lacked almost entirely the science and success of the game of to-day. This is why at first our best " twelves" were so easily defeated by the Indian teams with whom they ventured to compete. They (the Indians), although probably no better players than the whites, had a unity of aim and pur- pose, and worked so harmoniously into each other's hands that success to them was nothing less than a certainty. Of late years, however, white players have begun to recognise the importance of playing to one another, and success, as a consequence, has crowned their efforts, i. it 'Hj\ ii '1; i:|: '#■' l^ ?i'l , - •t,i 98 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. A great many white players make the mistake of taking the Indian player fur a model, and endeavour to conform their style of play to his. That he possesses special characteristics, well worthy of imitation, no one would attempt to deny ; but it is an absurdity to take him for a model in all parts of the game, as he is far from being perfect, and the very characteristics which make him a successful player are more a proof of his su- perior physical nature than of any superior skill he possesses. For example, their motive principle is always to have as many men as possible at any critical point, whether it be defence or attack. This explains the reason why they invariably bunch whep hard pressed or likely to ba successful ; for every Indian instinctively feels that wliere the ball is he should also be. Of course this entails a vast amount of running, which no white player could possibly stand, or which, if it were attempted, would soon disorganize the side, and leave it " so mixed up" as to be incapable of effecting anything. If the Indians of to- day have been compelled to modify their ancient game to suit their less hardy constitutions, how much more should we whites modify it to suit ours, and endeavour to make science and skill take the place of force. The more that fielders bear this in mind, and endeavour to put it into practice, the easier it will become, and the more successful will they be. Good fielding is obtained by individual prqficiencfj, and a " crack twelve" is al- ways the result of such proficiency properly directed. As fielders must be left much to their own control, they should make it h part of their practice to cultivate confidence in each other by " tacking,^* as it is called, or playing into each other's hands. This is a peculiar characteristic of Indian play : it is a simple, effective, and, if properly managed, an almost certain way of carrying the ball down on the enemy's flags. It is done by How to Play in the Field. 99 ling 18 should In each )ther'8 it is a lin way lone by carrying the ball as far as safe, and when in danger of being checked, pitching it to the nearest unchecked player who is in a position to carry it on. This is the general principle of the science of " taking : " its practice of course varies according to the fluctuations of the game. No general rule can ever be binding in every case, and often in practice we find that cir- cumstances may so alter the face of the game that it is desirable to break a rule and adopt some other method more suitable to the emergency. For example, long-throwing is inadvisable in a fielder ; but if the defence be drawn out, and the goal left un- protected, a long-throw to home may secure the game. Of course in a case of this kind, where the object is to gain time — and seconds are valuable — tacking the ball would only defeat the end in view — to get the ball to the flags before the players can get there. Again, it would be unreasonable to say that you should, in tacking, always play to the nearest unchecked player : he might be the worst player on the team, or you might have no confidence in him. True, there are times when by doing so you might win the game ; but these seasons are best judged by the captain or player himself. Rules are good for guidance in a general way, but in emergencies nothing can supersede individual judgment. If fielders thoroughly under- stand, and have confidence in one another, it materially alters their play, and makes them much more formidable opponents than if they adopted the opposite system, and each played on his own responsibility. If there is any one thing more vexing than another in fielding, it is to see a player persistently carrying the ball past checker after checker, until he either loses it or places it where it is of no possible advantage to his side. Where there is any thing to be gained by extra personal effort of this kind we would be 100 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. the last to deprecate it ; but the fashion of trying to individual- ise one's self, so much in vogue to-day, is one of the greatest drawbacks to the advancement of the game. Indeed we have often heard players bitterly inveigh against those who have this habit, and we are sure that if the aforesaid individuals could only hear other people's opinion about their play it might have the effect of alterinp' it considerably. It really amounts to sacri ficing the interests of their side for a little applause, for the object in nine cases out of ten would have been more surely and easily accomplished by a judicious throw, leaving the player unblown and ready to direct his energies in some other direction. The amount of hard, useless running, made in this way can hardly be estimated. A certain amount is necessary, and if fielders could only strike the medium they would find that the labour of the game is materially lessened, and that the science would be proportionably increased. We would not wish to be understood as opposed altogether to hard running — it is often necessary. If a player on getting the ball can get away from his checker, and go for the flags, he may often have a clear sweep, or if checked, it is sure to leave one of his side uncovered, to whom he may pitch the ball. In a case of this kind he had better push on for the flags at once, and augment the number of the attack. It disorganizes their opponent's defence, as they cannot possibly check all the men near the flags, and in the confusion the ball may often be shot through. In our own experience we have often seen the defence-men so anxious to check their opposing home-men, or so afraid to leave them, as to allow the adventurous fielder a clear road to the flags, and lose the game as the result. Indeed EO dangerous are these dashes at the flags by unchecked fielders that, if they are properly supported by the home-men, success How to Play in the Field. 101 anizes ,11 the ten be en the en, or Ider a ndeed elders access is almost certain. While here we may remark open the un- reasonable jealousy with which some home-players regard any attempt of a fielder to put the ball throngh : they look upon their's as a sort of divine right, and any interference or attempt of a fielder to do so as an insolent and unwarranted presump- tion on his part. If a fielder carry the ball up and even have a good chance for a throw, they fancy that instead of attempting to do so he should give ' Caesar his due' by placing it with them. This jea- lousy is not only unreasonable but ridiculous. If a fielder is in a position and has a chance to throw, he should be, for the time being, a home man, and treated as such ; and he would be a simpleton if he would for a moment entertain the idea of allow ing another person to throw for him. Every fielder should practise quick, straight shots, for the flags : tbey often have chances, and should always take advan- tage of them. If the goal-keeper had only to stop the balls thrown by the home-men, they would have an easier time of it, as they would always know in what direction to look, and have some idea of the kind of ball likely to be thrown. We would say to fielders, however, do not always try to force your way into the flags— it is not necessary that you should: if you find yourself checked, you may be certain that one of your home-men is uncovered and waiting for the ball : give it to him, and then go for position yourself. Without this confidence and harmony between fielders and home, the attack will degenerate into a mere scrimmage, in which every man acts on his own hook, and little is really efiected. A great many otherwise good fielders, have this very bad fault of always allowing their opponent to go ahead of them and get the ball, and then after he has secured it, of trying to i Ml ! ii f 102 Lacrosse, and Hex to Play it. take it fronr him. This is the very worst policy that any one could possibly pursue, for the player side who has the ball has half a dozen of chances of keeping it to one the checker's has of getting it. The holder of it, may run with it, may dodge his checker, or may throw to one of his side who is uncov- ered. The only thing the checker can do is to try and dis- lodge it from his stick, and even if he succeeds, which is not al- ways the case, the man in possession has by far the best chance of getting it. The axiom that ' possession is nine-tenths of the law,' holds as good in lacrosse as in legal matters, and our advice to field- ers is, always make a bold dash for the ball, and never, if you can possibly help it, play * second fiddle' to any one. A great many good fielders have the very bad habit of dodg- ing too much. It is well to be thoroughly master of the art, and, when necessity compels, be able to do it neatly and suxely, but such cases are fewer than many fielders try to make out. Good fielding is not alone the art of playing well — there is also necessary a combination of mental and physical qualities which no rule can define. It is the knack of being always in your right place at the right time — of checking the right man in the right way — of assisting your friends, and outwitting your opponents : it requires plenty of brains and a cool head to know how to use them to advantage. Fielders should never dog or continually follow an opponent j if he is inclined to wander away from your position, let him go, and get some other player on your side to look after him, while you take charge of the one who supplies his place. 'Yhile speaking of this, we would like to impress upon fielders the de- sirability of checking as closely as possible the men playing against them. When the apposing side has the hall stick close to How to Play in the Field. 103 ment ; lim go, I, while ]"^hile Itho de- [klaying close to your man, and do not let him wander off by himself : this will spoil their chance of tacking the ball. When your own side gets it, get as far away from, your check as you can, so as to allow your man to play to you. If your opponent is half as sharp as he ought to be, he will see that you do not have any little game * all by yourself.' Do not hesitate about whom you will check, and stand looking around for any particular man ; take the nearest unchecked opponent, and if all your side do likewise, you will frustrate any little game they may attempt. If you should happen to be the near- est check to the person getting the ball, do not let him run off by himself; follow him up, and do not leave him until you see what has become of the ball. It is not uncommon to see a player thus persistently followed lose the ball through sheer nervousness, or if he succeeds in getting a throw, it is done so hurriedly as to be of little benefit to his side. One checker is enough for any one dodger ; but two oppo- nents tacking should always be checked by two players. We do not know anything more disheartening than to find your- self outnumbered and compelled to check two men — they make a fool of you by playing pitch and catch over your head, laugh- ing at you all the while, and you cannot help yourself. Another thing that mars the fielding of many white players is their lack of foresight in anticipating the place where a thrown ball will light. If they see a ball thrown where there is no fielders, they don't seem to have any idea that it concerns them at all, but simply wait to see where it lights before making up their mind whether they are going for it or not. It is this lack of foresight and decision, in many cases, that makes the differ- ence between good and bad fielding, and between success and failure. Fielders have often remarked to us that in an Indian it\ U i I r 104 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. match, wherever the ball would light, there was sure to be an Indian waiting for it It is almost an instinct with an Indian when he sees the ball thrown to tell, by the curve that it is de- scribing, where it will fall. The moment it leaves the crosse he prepares to follow it, and generally succeeds in getting the start of his white opponent. This is a valuable habit, and can easily be acquired by observation and practice. Fielders should never make a habit of roaming round from one end of the field to the other : although they are the skip- mishers of the twelve, they should be careful not to get bunched together, nor yet leave any part of the field unprotected. This roving disposition is not conducive to good play : and, although it is often well to give centre-field, and perhaps one or two other fielders carte-blanche in this respect, as a general rule, when used promiscuously, it leads to over-exertion. Fielders 'should never use themselves up by hard running if they can possibly avoid it : always try to keep fresh and strong for the last game. In reference to the field Captain — fielders should always re- member that although left largely to their own resources, and the exercise of their individual judgment, yet there are often times when by prompt implicit obedience to his orders, success may be secured. As he cannot possibly tell them his plan, they should take it for granted that he has sufficient reasons for giving them the order, and obey it at once. Never hesitate when your captain tells you to do anything, and look around as if endeavouring to find out his reason ; if you intend obeying at all, it is to your advantage to do so at once. A few general hints and we have done with fielders : Strive to be proficient in all branches of the game ; always cultivate confidence in your side ; prefer tacking the ball to hard running 36 an ttdian is de- crosse ig the id can d from le skii^ unched . This [though I or two :al rule, Fielders hey can •ong for ways re- •ces, and i,re often success is plan, reasons hesitate ground as obeying ffow to Play in the Field. 105 or dodging ; always be ready to help either defence or attack ; when your opponents have the ball, check closely the nearest opponent ; when yov^ own side gets it, always uncover ; always warn players who straggle ; one checker is enough for one dod- ger ; two opponents tacking should be checked by two men ; obey your captain's orders promptly. Last, but not least, don't try to individualize yourself -either by play or dress, one man of this kind will often spoil the play of the entire team. Remem- ber that the strength of any team consists in its combined projiidency rather than in the individual excellence of its players. i ! lii Mr m M w Strive I cultivate running CHAPTER XI. HOW TO PLAY HOME. [HE position of home is one of the utmost importance, and in many cases its duties and responsibilities have never been properly understood. In newly organized clubs the idea is but too prevalent that any player is good enough for or can play " home," while the fact is that the posi- tion of home requires specially trained men as much as any of those already mentioned. The rest of the team may be per- fection itself, but if home be inefficient or inexperienced their chance of winning the match is very small, and instead of their efforts culminating in success, as they should do were home efficient, they generally end in disaster. It looks very simple, and almost any player can throw the ball through the flags, or perhaps score a game at practice ; but in the excitement of a match, whilst pitted against and closely checked by a vigilant opponent, it becomes a different matter altogether. Then it needs experience to dictate what is best to do, and science to be able to put it into execution. Home may be played by either one or two or three players : if with one, he should stand about ten or twelve feet in front of, and at the same time to either right or left of the goal. The laws of the game prohibit home from approaching nearer than kLq goal crease (six feet from the flag poles — see Eule IV), until tbt ball has passed cover-point. If home be played by two play- «»r3, one ought to occupy the place above named, and the other uike up his position at a slightly increased distance upon the opposite side of the flags. If played by three players, as is How to Play Home. 107 rtance, IS have yanized .8 good tie posi- as any be per- ed their of their re home irow the ice ; but closely matter it is best often the case, and which we think the better way, one man, " close home," should remain within a few feet of the flag-pole directly in front, and the others, " right " and " left home " as they are generally termed, should occupy positions about thirty feet in front and the same distance on either side of the goal. Of course these positions are not fixed, nor can any position in Lacrosse properly be termed fixed ; but they are fixed so far as this, that they should always stay in the vicinity of the enemy's flags. One of them, " close home" should always maintain his posi- tion close to the flags ; the object of this is that when the ball is thrown to him, or at the flags, he can easily close in, and either catch and throw, or else alter the direction of the ball and swipe it through. It oftentimes happens also that a ball is dropped inside of point, and remains there for a few seconds untouched before any one can reach it, and he may thus have a chance of swiping it through. In fact while in this position the style of play he must use to be a success is so peculiar as to be entirely diff'erent from that of any other player on the field. Whether the ball comes to him by a straight shot which passes point, high shot which goes over his head, grounder, skipper, from whatever direction, or in whatever form, he must have the knack of utilizing them upon the spur of the momont ' * Close " or " inside " home should be an unfailing catch, and never rather than hardly ever, miss getting the ball when thrown to him. He should be able to throw straight and swift, from any position, without having to look about and consider the situation. He has no time to think, and delays are extremely dangerous in his case. If he can play this game he is an in- valuable man, and should practice playing in this one position. ii ...n i/ni i 108 Lacrosse, and How to Play it ,jii h If he cannot do this he has yet much to learn, and the sooner he puts himself into practice for it the better for his side. There is no chance work about horn 3, as some would have us believe ; but its science consists in knowing how to take ad- vantage of any favourable chances which may occur. Probably every person who ever witnessed a lacrosse match can call to mind games lost by chances not being taken advantage of, and others won for the opposite reason. The principal qualifications necessary for a successful "home " are certainty and quickness in catching, and rapidity and preci- sion in throwing. We have often seen games lost by home being unable to catch the ball. Catching with him should be a certainty ; if it is not fielders may well be pardoned for trying to put it through themselves when they are afraid of " home " missing it if they do throw to him. Throwing should be made a special study, especially any new method which he can devise which may puzzle the goal-keeper. The various kinds of throwing for him to practice such as the " overshot," " undershot from the reverse side " it is unneces- sary to more than mention here, as we have already exhausted them in the section on throwing, but there are several auxili- aries which, although they cannot properly be termed throws, will yet be found useful. The most effective of these are sweeps. These are executed by catching the ball on the wing and driving it into the goal. It is neither a catch, nor a throw proper — it is simply changing the direction of the shot so as to make it effective. Such shots are probably the most deceptive with which a goal-keeper can be tried, as the original direction is so quickly altered that be- fore he can prepare to meet it, it may be past him. They should be specially cultivated by close-home who should make ooner aveus ke ad- Dbably call to )f, and tiorae" 1 preci- j home Id be a trying home " iny new keeper, as the nneces- austed auxili- throws, cecuted le goal, langing lb shots )er can Ihat be- They make Hoiv to Play Home. 109 them the subject of special practice. This practice will not only be of great benefit to himself but also to the goal-keeper on his own side who ought to assist him. Tips and kicks often win games. Tipping is generally used for grounders, or when the ball is upon the ground and there is no time to pick up and throw. It is done with one motion, and is very effective at short distances. Kicking is generally useful when you ^et " mixed up " and have no room to use your crosse. It smacks more of football than of La- crosse : but, if the ball can be sent through by it, the home- men need have no scruples about using it. Hoppers, if caught on the ground, should be tipped ; if on the rise, swept into goal. Striking down curved balls into goal is very good and effective play, but should never be used when there is any danger of striking the goal-keeper. It is very much used by Indian home-men, and in their play is very successful. Of late years this " drop shot " game on the flags and swip- ing in by close-home or a rush of fielders, has been very much practised and with a tolerable measure of success, but in spite of its present popularity we would venture to pred'ct that it will not last, but must eventually give way to the older and more orthodox method of dodging and throwing formerly in vogue. Our reason for saying this is that however successful it may at present seem to be, its success is owing more to the weight and endurance of the men engaged than to any science it possesses ; as a rule the heaviest and best trained team win, but they do it often at an expense of hard knocks and bruises that d 3 not tend to elevate the srame or add to its science. In the chapter on field Captain's duties we may discuss these difler- ent styles of home play at greater length. 'ii i 'i ■ itr M 4 • i!!" m' '^li: i*;|i; !( f>; '■'ii l'i< Li, Jt 110 ■M Lacrosse, and How to Play it. I Another very useful method employed by them, especially when two play home, is, as the ball approaches, for one of them to retire behind the flags ; instead of a throw at goal, as might naturally be expected, a curved ball is thrown over it, caught by the home-man in rear, and imme- diately sent back through the flags or thrown over the top, so as to light within the goal-nrease, when it is either hit down or swiped through. To do this properly the home-men should be well acquainted with each other's play, and have some sig- nal by which either may know what is about to be tried. We have been long of the opinion that two or thre(> signals, which could not be understood by opponents might be profitably in- troduced into the game, and would often make success more certain. We have always considered that one great advantage Indians have always had over white players was the facility with which they could communicate their intentions without being understood by their opponents ; most of them speak English slightly, and understand enough of it to know any- thing that is said among the whites ; while their opponents, on the contrary, are entirely in the dark as regards their " lingo," and can only judge of what is said by the results which follow. Several clubs in Ontario have club signals, which are used by unchecked players when they want the ball thrown to them. The idea is a very good one, and we suggest the propriety of perfecting this system of signals more fully, and instead of one have three or four simple, distinct sounds, with each of which should be connected some act of the game, such as throw, dodge, catch, uncover, &c. If this idea were fully carried out, we have no doubt that it would be a great advantage to a " twelve" in matches — "forewarned is to be forearmed." In connec- tion with this subject of club-cries, we remember a very laugh- Hoio to Plufj flome. Ill able incident in a match played in a town not a thousand miles away from Toronto. In that match our team had adopted the club- cry of a western rival, and whenever it was called it was to be the signal for the player carrying the ball to throw it to the person calling. Such a thing was something new to the unsophisticated inhabitants, many of whom were present to witness the match, and one polite bystander, a Yankee, more curious than the rest, stepped up to our umpire and blandly asked him to point out the player on whom everyone seemed to be calling. The umpire, who by the way was very fonJ of a joke, after gravely looking over the field for a few moments, as if in search of some one, quietly pointed to the centre of the field, where a severe struggle was going on, said, " There, sir, that's him with the scarlet cap on ! " As the whole twelve had caps of precisely the same colour, the astonished querist quickly replied, " Why ! they all have scarlet caps, and I can't tell one from another ! " " Can't you 1 " replied the urbane umpire : " That's the very man ! " The verdant retired amidst roars of laughter from those who heard the colloquy. In throwing into goal whether using side shots, over or under, throw from the reverse side, or any other kind of shot, home- men should make quickness and precision their special object. A great many games are lost by the home-men having their sticks knocked down before they have time to get a shot. A good home-player ought to be able to throw from any position in which he may happen to find himself, if he has to work for a position suitable for his style of throwing, his usefulness as a home-player is very much impaired. He should endeavour to cultivate the art of straight, hard, instantaneous throwing from any position. The main thing is precision ; when that is attained, practice then to deliver the ball as quickly as possible j but pre- 1! J ■" V ri 112 Lacrosse, and Hoiv to Play it. cision should never be sacrificed for speed. As a rule curved balls are harder for the goal-keeper to judge than any other ; they are much used by Indian fielders, especially when home is near the goal-crease or in position to 8wi[)e them in. Stm'Kjht shots that do not touch the ground till after they pass the flags, are more effective when thrown from either side than straight from the front, and, as a rule, the farther they have to travel — no matter what is their speed — the easier for the goal-keeper to stop them. The difficulty of stopping balls thrown to goal is always increased in proportion as the ball meets the goal-keeper's cent»e, thus : Ist, below ; 2nd, the knee; 3rd, head or above it ; 4th, chest ; 5th, stomach. Balls thrown in line with the goal-keeper's stomach are much harder for him to stop than any other, for the reason that he cannot quickly bring any great surface of netting to oppose it. Home-men should pay attention to this, as it is the goal-keeper's most vulnerable point. They should never neglect an oppor- tunity of throwing. We have often seen games won by persis- tent, resolute throwing, and a* often seen home-men lose their chance of getting game by endeavouring to get into a better position. Some goal-keepers have serious objections to home- players driving hard, swift shots directly at them, and think it unfair that such a style of play should be allowed. For our own part we cannot see any serious objection to the practice provided the goal-keeper gets fair play and is allowed to defend himself We do decidedly object, however, to the practice now so common, of " close home " swiping down the goal-keeper's stick whenever there is any chance of a ball going through ; as the law at present stands it is legal, but this can never make it fair. It seems cowardly to us, as it gives them no chance what- ever, either to stop the ball or protect his person from injury. I igh ; as Hoto to Play Home. 113 You might almost as well tie his hands behind his back and ask him to use his body as a preventive to the ball going through, as to knock his stick out of his hands every time a shot is made at goal. If this practice of knocking down the goal-keeper's crosse were made illegal, we are satisfied that it would help not only to make home play more scientific but also to render the position of the much abused goal-keeper one of less hardship. It is un-British in its nature, and its abolition would not only be an act of charity to the goal-keeper, but would be as fair to one side as the other. To the home-men dochjing is a necessity ; their energies are all directed to a given point — the enemy's flags — and brilliant play is with them a nonentity if it bring them no nearer or give them no better chance of putting the ball through the flags The fault of a great many otherwise good home-men is that of try- ing to dodge too much : they seem to have a mania for it. If you ask them why 1 they cannot give you any valid reason ; they have an irresistible desire to dodge cover-point, point, and even carry the ball through the flags : and so absorbed are they with this idea that they cannot see any chance of throwing. Thi^ kind of playing, however pretty it may look, is rarely effective ; to use a common expression, is a " one-horse way " of winning games. If any men in the team should have confidence in, and thoroughly understand each other's play, it ought certainly to be the home-men. Here " unity is strength," and individuality is weakness ; and home-men who would play so as to encourage the latter are not worthy the position. It is very pleasant to put the ball through the enemy's flags, and the ambition to have the honour of doing it is no doubt a laudable one ; but when carried to excess, as is too frequently the case, it becomes a source of weakness rather than of strength. Every home-man II I ■I) 'I , ill i :l 114 Lacrosse, and lloio to Play it. I I \ ought to sink self and iiilay to win the game : if this can be best accomplished by dodging, by all means do so ; but if otherwise, do not hesitate to give your comrade the benefit of the chance, and believe us you will never regret having done so. Nothing so weakens " home " as jealousy and distrust of your comrade : if you have no confidence in them, they are likely to have about as much in you, and by this mutual distrust opportunities arc often loct. As a rule the home-men who have the most confi- dence in, and play most to each other, are the most successful in taking games. It really dues not matter a button who puts the ball through : if your side be defeated you all phare alike in the disgrace ; if your side be successful you share alike in the honour. We consider that home deserves no more credit for putting the ball through the enemy's flags than the goal-keeper for keeping it out, point or cover-point for saving the flags, or the fielders for sending it up to them. They are all worthy of honour alike, if they do their duty ; but to make one position more honourable than another would be ridiculous, and only have the effect of making players in other parts of the field dissatisfied with their position, and desirous of obtaining the one considered the most honourable. With such a state of affairs it would be impossible to keep any order or system during a match — we would see the defence men or even the goal-keeper dashing down the field, exclaiming " Are we not all honourable men ] " and trying to make their boast good by putting the ball through the flags. Every player should remember that " Honour and fame from no position rise ; Act well your part, there all the honour lies." And whether they be home, fielder, defence or goal-keeper, stick to their own position and endeavour to fill it worthily. How to Play Home. 115 Another great fault with home-men is that they cannot be got to keep their places, but will persistently wander dcirn the field in order to carry up the ball. This is injudicious, for if " home " does not succeed in securing it down the field, he is generally winded before he can get within throwing distance of the flags. It is hard to define the exact position of " home " — it is changeable and dependent upon so many contingencies j but one of them ought always to remain close to the goal- crease. If your side can hold its own, or have a little advan- tage, you will have enough to do without wanting to go down the field after the ball ; if, however, your side is the weakest, one may, with advantage to the side, play further down the field ; but the other should always remain in the vicinity of the flags, and be on hand to turn to account any casual advantage. The style of home-play has a good deal to do with its success, and we are not unfrequently asked, " What is the proper style of play for the * home team ' ] " Opinion is divided upon this subject. The " drop-shot and swipe " is at present considered " the game," but we dislike it, because it relies principally on brute force, and we have generally noticed that the side that can mass the greatest number of players around the enemy's goal, and stand swiping and rough play the longest, invariably wins the game. In short, it is brutal, but effective ; especially when the home team is heavier than the defence pitted against it. It requires but little science to play it, and probably for that reason more than any other it has become popular amongst players who prefer the excitement of rough, untrained play to the scientific game that requires long and careful practice to make it certain of success. Our idea of a perfect home game is one in which the home men endeavour as much as possible to draw the defence men -.xm ■nvjl ^M V 116 Lacrosse, and Hnw to Play it. away from the goal, and then by skilful dodging, or sharp uncovermg and catching, succeed in getting a good shot on the flags. This style of play is much more scientific than the "drop- shot" game, and more effective, if the home men are properly trained and practised together. If the home players can suc- ceed in separating the defence men, and enticing them fifteen or twenty yards from each side of the goal, the way is often left open for some adventurous fielder to make a dash on the flags. If, while the defence men are thus drawn out, a fielder suc- ceeds in getting away from his checker, and dashes in amongst the home players, the balance of power is very much in favour of the attacking side. In such a case, the home players ought at once to uncover, so as to give him a chance to place the ball if he should be checked. If the defence stick too close to the home players, as they often do, the fielder gets a good chance to get right into the flags, and have his throw unmolested ; if they check him they must leave one of the home men uncov- ered, who will be almost certain, if the ball is properly played to him, to get a good chance to shoot on the flags. On which- ever honi of the dilemma the defence men choose to impale themselves, the result will be equally unsatisfactory if the home players are up to their work and thoroughly understand the game. The fielders should endeavour to place the ball with the home players by short throws, the moment they find them uncovered. If a home player gets the ball in this way, and his opponents are properly enticed away to each side of the goal, all he has to do is to dodge his own checker, and he has a clear road to the flags without having to run the gauntlet of half a dozen determined defenders. To be effective, this style of home play requires not only plenty of practice, but also the utmost confidence and harmony amongst the players. Skill avails but HolO to Play Home. 117 '? p sharp . on the "drop- )roperly !an suc- fteen or Ften left tie flags, der suc- imongst 1 favour rs ought the ball 3e to the i chance jsted ; if 1 uncov- jr played 1 which- impale if the lerstand )all with id them and his he goal, 3 a clear half a if home utmost ,ils but little without mutual confidence, and is productive only of bril- liant individual dashes at the flags, which almost invariably result in failure. If properly played, however, it is almost cer- tain of success. Years of careful watching have convinced us that the style of play just described, if well played, is infinitely superior to the drop shot and swipe game, and must ultimately supersede it in all first-class clubs. Lack of directness and force seem to be the fault of very many home players ; they make brilliant play occasionally, but it does not amount to anything, because it is misdirected. There is no method whatever about their play ; every man acts on his own responsibility, and if they should by chance happen to get a game, it is more the result of accident than skill. Ran- dom home play, no matter how good the individual players may be, is seldom successful. Every home player should have one definite purpose — to put the ball through the flags ; and to that point all his energies should be directed. He should have plenty of vim and dash about him, and always be on the alert for any chance to score a game. Although he should never lose his independence of action, he should remember that combined play is always the strongest and most successful. In conclusion, we would say to all home- players, study to cultivate a fair and scientific style of play ; make skill take the place of brute force. Try and encourage confidence in each other — this is the only way to success. \i ill 4 si a ! 'I ii is ^ 11 i,: CHAPTER XII. HOW TO ACT AS FIELD CAPTAIN. NE of the principal men in any well organized Lacrosse Club is the Field Captain, and on his force of charac- ter and ability depend in no small measure the posi- tion that their representative team will occupy when pitted against competitors. At the regular practices of the club he should have a general supervision over the entire field, direct the style of play, keep close watch upon the different members to note their peculiari- ties of style and various capabilities ; without in any way inter- fering with the Captains who usually choose sides, he can find plenty of work to keep him profitably employed. He should know each individual player thoroughly, especially those on the " first twelve," and make their capabilities and style of play so much a study as to be able to tell in what part of the field their services will be of the most value. He should arrange the positions of the various players eligible for " the team" beforehand, and make t'tm play in them during prac- tice so as to accustom them to the work that will be required of them during matches. Although he does not select the twelve that represent the club in matches, he ought, and gene- rally has, a good deal to say about the material of which it shall be composed. In matches, he is the central figure of the team, and although seldom a player, one of its most important members. Not only is he the " officer in command," but also the spokesman in any controversy about disputed games, fouls, etc. In many How to Act as Field Captain. 119 cases games are won or lost according to the ability of the Captain to represent or misrepresent his club. He should be thoroughly conversant with the laws of the game, and see that they are not infringed upon by the other side. He should be ready witted, full of resource, and able to take advantage of any circumstances which will benefit his own side. Although aflfable and pleasant, he should be a strict disciplina- rian with his men, and insist on being instantly obeyed in whatever orders he may give. Such a Captain will have almost as much to do in winning matches as any player in the team. As a rule, players take their tone from their Captain, and if he is fainthearted and spiritless, it is not likely that his men will be over sanguine of victory. Even if the game is going against his side, he should show a bold front to the enemy, and do all that he possibly can to encourage his team. It is won- derful how much confidence a cool, resolute Captain can inspire in his men if he handle them properly. The diflference be- tween Field Captains in this respect is often the difference be- tween defeat and victory. We have seen a team thoroughly demoralized by losing the first two games of a match, become so reanimatod by the cool confidence of their C.iptain in their ability to win, that they have gone to work with a will, and by sheer courage and tenacity of purpose, turned the tables against their apparently victorious opponents ; of such a Captain it might almost be said that, like Clan Alpine's chieftain, t ■iil ;if > -nr ; :5S " One blast upon his bugle-horn Were worth a thousand men." In cJwosing a Field Captain a great mistake is often made : it is supposed that because a person has made his mark as a player he •fl 120 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. v^ must necessarily make a good Field Captain. The conclusion is altogether unwarranted : a man may not be able to play at all and yet make a much better captain than the best player in the club. The reason is, that directing the dififerent combinations of defence and attack is a purely mental faculty ; and even were ho t' l>c5st player on the team, he cannot both direct others and do justice to himself. It is better, therefore, to have a captain entirely independent of the " twelve" who play, so that his energies may be directed solely towards directing the men, "*■•■ ' • '.'r?; advantage of any favourable circumstances which may ar, " '"•ag the game. The player engaged in the excitement ol the ^jaiae is like the soldier in the din and con- fusion of bati'.^ . he h. ' u' jvvp part to play, and if he does that well cannot l>e <3X;;.;>. j lo more. His general, how- ever, removed from the immediate presence (of danger, and overlooking the whole field, can at once detect the designs of the enemy, and concert measures to defeat them. Without participating in the actual conflict, his are the energies which unite all together — aiding here, checking there, and keep- ing a judicious supervision over the entire field. So with the captain on the lacrosse-field — without actually playing, he can find plenty to do in directing the evolutions necessary to aid defence or attack. A captain should know the name of every player on his side, their special characteristics of play, and be able to judge pretty accurately when they get the ball what they are likely to do with it. In posting the players he should see that each one occupies the place best adapted for him. As a rule, light active men are best for fielding and attack ; heavy men for defence. The disposition of the men at the commencement of the game can only be con- trolled by circumstances, such as the number of players, size of How to Act as Field Captain. 121 jion 13 ' at all in the lations i even direct ore, to .0 play, recting stances L in the nd con- he does 1, how- er, and signs of \rithout s which 1 keep- jo with ^ing, he ssary to lame of ay, and 11 what )ies the ire best )osition )e con- size of ihe ground, strength of your opponents, &,c. Every man should understand his position, and practice in it for sometime previ- ously. In a match he should take up his ground somewhere in the vicinity he generally occupies at practice. Nothing disorgan- izes a team so much as to find themselves new to their positions. A very good planisfor the "twelve" about to play a match to play all the rest of the members w^ho attend practice. This gives them good practice, and uses them to play together as a team. If there be not players enough to afford them good practice, let the defence half of the team play against the attack half, and the rest of the " field " be chosen as in ordinary practice. We give three diagrams showing the different arrangement of the players on the field. Either may be selected, but, which- ever it is, should be used in matches as well as practice : No. I. II. n— ^ M CO M O II KEY TO NO. I. A — Goal Keeper. B-Point. C — Cover Point. D— Field. E- Field. F- Centre. C-Field. H -Field. I -Field. J -Field. K -Field. L— Home. 1 ,■ >i m •! 1 •11 t 1.1 i ::'; "iP^ fi-l'' '.i- 1:1 1 ^2 Lacrosse, and How to Play it No. II. II " C5 :; «|i a .< li ^ ell 5 A — Goal Keeper. B— Point, rignt. C— Point, left. ]>— Cover Point. E-Field. F-Centre Field. KEY TO NO. 11. G- H I- J- K- L- -Field. -Field, -Field. -Field. -Home, right -Home, left. - No. III. M M ■ "1 CO • tt II ft < ^ II 5 A— Goal Keeper. B— Point, right. C— Point, left. D— Cover Point. E-Field. F- Centre Field. KEY TO NO. III. G- H I J- K L- -Field. —Home. -Home. —Home. —Home. -Close Home. The dotted lines which divide the field into three sections, are intended to show the space to which each player ought to confine himself. As a rule the defence players should con- fine themselves to No. 1, and home to No. 3, fielders to No. Isections, ler ought )uld con- rs to No. Hoiu to Act as Field Captain. 123 2 or centre section, except when in case of emergencies already described they may have to assist either defence or attack. If wanted at defence, F and E shouhl assist, and G, H and I ex- tend the distance between them, so as to cover the ground and maintain the connection with home. If wanted to attack, I and J should assist the home-men, while G, H and F extend, as in the former case. As a general rule it may be laid down that in no case should all the fielders rush to either defence or attack : three of them should be suficient in any emergency, and these should be the three nearest the point wanting aid — the remainder of the fielders always extending their distance in order to keep the chain of players unbroken. The arrangement in diagrams 1 and 2 are generally used by Montreal and Toronto clubs in match games, and are intended ' for similar styles of play. The game now generally in use by these clubs is the ** tacking" game, which is done by each player carrying the ball as far as he conveniently can, and when checked or hard pressed, placing it with one of his own side ; in this manner it is carried up the field until it reaches the home. In this style of game the defence do not make long throwing the rule, but rather the exception. This game is a very effective one, and when well played is almost sure of suc- cess. In both of these diagrams it will be seen that the field plays a very important part, and is intended, as described above, to assist either defence or home, as necessity may determine. The arrangement in diagram 3 is by Mr. J. R Flannery, of New York, Secretary of the National Amateur Lacrosse Association of the United States, and is used by the club of which he is a member. It differs essentially from the others in that the field is almost entirely ignored, the idea being to have a strong de- fence and home, and cover the intermediate ground by long 1 ■l!l [i ;-i^ ;1 ':.Mm ■'1 m ■U ■If, 124 Lacrosse, and How to Play it I. ! i III 5 vi if f r^ throwing. By this system the three fielders w ould have but little hard work to perform, as the battle would be fought out in the vicinity of the goals. If the defence are steady, reliable, and excel in long throwing, and the home team are well up in catch- ing long throws, and thoroughly posted as to the manner of winning games, there is no doubt but that this will be a hard game to meet. In our opinion the hardest worked players on the team will be the home men, H, I, and J, as upon them de- volves the duty of receiving the ball when thrown up by the defence, and changing the "long throw" game into a " tack- ing" game in order to make it available for effective home play. Its strength lies in the small amount of running it en- tails, and the number of men massed where the play is most wanted ; its weakness, is the fact that each band of players is' not only independent of each other, but in a crisis isolated from effective aid. To be worked effectively, it must be played by men who are thoroughly up in every branch of the game, and trained by experience to rely on themselves in every case of emergency. The captain should always give his orders with brevity and distinctness : as " brevity is the soul of wit," so is it also the main thing in giving orders. He should not be always calling to his men, or they will soon get used to it and not mind him : when he speaks it should be short, concise, and to the point. When his side has the advantage, he may find it useful to put more men on the attack, and spread the connecting links of fielders over more ground; but however easy a thing his side may have, he ought never allow the defence to be deserted : he should at least keep point, cover-point, and the goal-keeper, there. If they want a run he may change them with hard- worked How to Act as Field Captain. 125 little in the ), and catch- ier of hard ers on 3ra de- by the " tack- home it en- .8 most lycrs is ad from IS Iworked players from the centre or the other end of the field, and by so doing, at once invigorate the attack and secure the defence. A skilful general always secures a safe retreat, so that in case of reverse he may be able to extricate his army : a skilful captain should likewise make this a part of his policy, so as to be pre- pared for any emergency. Both at practice and in matches the captain governs the team, and his word should be law. The team should render him implicit obedience ; if they have not confidence in his ability they should select one in whom they have. Captains may either be players or not in a match — if players they must form one of the twelve ; but for reasons given before it is better that they should be non-combatants. If they are not players, they must not be dressed in Lacrosse uniform (see Rule VII), nor may they carry a crosse. Before commencing a match the captains should toss up for choice of direction in which to play ; they should also arrange the number of games to be played, time for stopping, &c. It always saves trouble and often dispute, to have these things thoroughly understood before commencing the match. He also should secure the services of reliable men who understand the game to act as Umpires and Referee. During the game any infringement of the rules must be reported by him to the Re- feree. When one of his side has been fouled he should immediately cry ^' foul,'* so as to be heard by the Referee, and see that the game is at once stopped by the Referee calling " time.'* In disputed games he should see that '^time*' is called, and the game at once stopped. If any dispute should unfortunately arise, the captain must represent his team and state their case. He should also see that the umpires and referee are not away- i m m W ril », '■ ! h 1 1 i i III jg 4i I I 1^1 120 Lacrosse, and How to Play it ed by outside influence, and allow none of his opponents to hold communication with them, except through their captain. Whether the case go for or against him, he should always keep his temper — getting angry will not alter the referee's decision ; but it does produce a bad impression among the spectators. It is the Captain's place to see that the team are in proper training for a match. By training, we do not mean the syste- matic attention to the details of diet and exercise usually given by professionals. Such training is altogether unadvisable for any ordinary match ; but he should see that they avoid all ex- cesses, and exercise their legs enough to give them a fair share of wind. During a match he should see that his men are pro- perly looked after. He should appoint some one to supply thirsty players with drink during the game ; the best thing we know is a mixture of oatmeal and water, about the consistency of very thin gruel ! He should also see that a supply of spare crosses are placed in charge of some one on the field, so as to replace those broken during the fray. This is a very important thing, and if not attended to, may put one of the best players " hora de combat " at a time when he is most wanted. Of late years some of our clubs have adopted the habit of using Cuco leaves during matches. Cuco is probably the best conserver of strength ever discovered, and its use has been of decided benefit to lacrosse players by enabling them to play through hard matches without feeling fatigued. Although it cannot be considered as a substitute for training, it is one of the best helps we know of. He should also see that they attend practice regularly, and all play as a team for some weeks previous to an important match. If it can possibly be managed the team should have afternoon practices before every important match. The reason for this is How to Acl as Field Cai^ldin. vi: that the field will be in the same condition for play as it is during the match, and as a consequence the style of play must be slightly altered to suit the difforenco in the ground. During morning practice the grass is generally wet and slippy, in the afternoon it is dry, and the feet have a better hold, thus enabling the players to turn shorter and move about with greater ease and security. When at all practicable the club should have Saturday after- noon matches, if not with other clubs, then among themselves. One such game is worth more to a team about to play a hard match than a week of regular practice. It shows them their weak points as a team, and gives them a chance to remedy them ; it also gives the team a feeling of self-relilnce which no amount of individual play could ever establish, ^n fact it is the difference between drill and active warfare. He should make a point of looking after the style of play not only of the " team," but of the entire lub. In conjunction with the Committee of Management, h should adopt some certain style of play which he should see was carried out at the club practices. He should check all tendency to rough or indi- vidual play, and make the players learn to rely more on team play than individual prowess. We think nothing demoralizes a club so much as individual play. He should also see that every member of the first twelve is thoroughly up in all the rudiments, such as picking up, catching and throwing ; these are necessities, and although less brilliant than dodging are much more effective in matches. Although it is well to have good dodgers on a team, he should make this kind of play the exception rather than the rule. * In matches he should follow the game as closely as possible. This will entail a good deal of hard work, but it animates the 128 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. players and keeps them better up to their work. If a Field Cap- tain's manner has the repose " that stamps the caste of Vere de Vere," it is hardly probable that he will succeed in infusing any great amount of enthusiasm into his men. We are not lovers of fussy Captains who are always puffing about and yel- ling at the top of their voice, but we do admire the Captain that is on the spot whenever he is wanted, and can by a few concise words inspire his men with a little of his own energy and determination. The Captain should make a study of quickly massing his men, so as to throw as many men as he possibly can on the attack whenever there is the slightest chance of getting a game. During the nfteen years we have been connected with the game, we have noticed that whenever the teams were at all evenly matched, the playing has mostly been done where the greatest number of men were congregated. If one side put on a strong defence and neglected its field and home, the defence men generally had to do the bulk of the playing ; and if the opposing Captain had any perception of how to handle his men, it became on their part merely a defensive game. From our experience we are satisfied that (other things being equul) we could win more games with a weak defence and strong home than vice versa. We don't think that the defence should be left weak, on the contrary, it should be made compact, self-reliant, and if pos- sible invulnerable, but that in preference to putting all the best men on the defence, as is often done, and letting the field and home trust to luck, we should prefer putting our strongest and most dashing players at " home," and try to make our game one of attack. Apart from the moral advantage that the attacking side always possesses, wo know of nothing more dishearten- Hoiv to Ad as Field Captain. 129 ing to a side than to find its flags constantly menaced by the enemy ; be the defence ever so perfect, they will make slips which will prove fatal to the game. We think the results will generally bear out the truth of our statement above that where the best men in the team are, there will the bulk of the play- ing be done. A Captain's duties, both at practice and in matches, are so onerous and important that his office is far from being a sine- cure ; he is the soul of the club, and on him depends, in a very great measure, its standing and success. To make it prosperous he must leave no stone unturned to induce the members to attend practice regularly. The interest of the club should be his interest, and its success will be his success. Nothing is more interesting to a club than to be able to trace, by authentic records, the various matches in which they have participated, and in w^hich they have been either vanquished or victorious. We often think that old lacrosse players are very much like old soldiers, they love to " fight their battles o'er again ;" it is a theme of which they never tire, and even the most modest among them can recount personal feats of which he is " not a little proud," or successful matches in Avhich he bore a prominent part. Like the veterans of " Merrie England," each can strip his sleeve and shew his scars and say, — " These wounds were had on Crispin's Day." For the benefit of clubs, we give here two forms of club registers, the first by Mr. AV. G. Beers, of Montreal ; and the second by John Horn, jr., of the Knickerbocker Lacrosse Club of New York, That of Mr. Beers will be found. a very useful and simple register, and for all ordinary purposes sufficiently minute. That of Mr. Horn is much more complicated, but when once mastered, is, for reporting matches, the most com- 1< ! 1 If 11 130 Lacrosse, and IIoiv to Plav it plete and concise register we have ever seen. Although copy- righted, Mr. Horn kindly placed it at the disposal of the National Lacrosse Association of Canada, who unanimously agreed in recommending it to the notice of all clubs throughout the Dominion. The register of the club should be kept by the Field Captain, who should consider it part of his duties to made a special re- cord of foul play, suspensions from play, &c. It might have the eflFect of curing some rough players, if they knew that all such actions were scored against them : First Register. Match played at — CLUB versus Bate . 18-. NAMES OF PLAYERS. POSITIONS. FOUL PLAY DECLARED. Against — Club. Against — Club. 1 (to»1 Keeper. Point. Cover Point. Home. Centre. Fielder. Do. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. Isfc Game. 2nd do. 3rd do. 4th do. 5th do. Iflt Game. ? 2nd do. ,'{ 3rd do. 4 4th do. 5 .5th do. SUSPENSIONS. 7 Club. Club. 8 q in UMPIRES. n 1? REFEREE. ir RESULT. REMARKS. 1st Game won by. ... 2nd do do . Time . . . . . . do 3rd do do . . do . ... 4th do do ... do 5th do do ... do .Club. Hoiv to Act as Field Captain. 131 Second Register. CLUB vs CLUB. Played at 18 NAME. POSITION. REMARKS. 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NAME. POSITION. REMARK';. Captain Groal keeper Point Cov. Point Ist Field 2nd Field Facer Fielder Fielder Fielder L. Home R. Home Home Captain Goal keeper Point Cov. Point Ist Field 2nd Field Facer Fielder Fielder Fielder L. Home R. Home Home 1 2 '^ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 { UMPIRES. } REFEREE. { UMPIRES. } A— Accidentally 'oat Oame. B- General Player. C— Checker. D— Dodder. K— Put on in place of F— Fielder. G —Goal-keeper. H— Home. J —Changed positions. K -Catcher U— HouRh Player. L— Long Thrower V —Cover Point. M— Injured or withdrew X— Out of Practice. N— Taken off to equalize sides. 1— Fine. O— Ball put through in -game. 2 -Good. P- Point. .3— Fair. Q— Dispatch. 4 -Poor. R— Runner. W— Weak. S Strong. T— Thrower. GAMES 1st won by in 2nd " in 3rd " in 4th " in 5th " in GENERAL REMARKS. II. M M 1.'. ' judge you are e mem- row or ot bear ind any eir pur- lers wil- isent ad- aperly — re better one, but •ace, pre- does not but not its, he is of them, ally find le is am- las that, out — his Give up to the properly conducting the affairs of the club, put in better men at the next election. This is the legitimate way — any other is under- hand and mean. Always yive your captain a hearty support. If you do not accord your captain implicit confidence and ready obedience, it is useless for him to try and teach you anything. If you fancy that you are a better judge than he is about what you ought to do, and how you ought to do it, you might as well be with- out him altogether. The captain's word should be law, both on the practice ground and during matches : and even if you do not entirely agree with what he may say, do not weaken his influence by contradicting him. Never make a practice oj bragging what you can or will do. It is generally the case that those who talk loudest do the least ; as the old saw goes, " their bark is worse than their bite" — their actions belie their words, and if they get beaten they are sure to become the laughing-stock of their opponents. Always uphold order and good feeling in the club to which you belong. Nothing weakens a club so much as jealousy or ill- feeling among its members. If any kind of quarrel should un- fortunately occur while at practice, settle it amicably before you leave the field. These things are never so easily settled as immediately after they happen. If your dub happens to be unsuccessful, do not get discour- aged and threaten to leave it : nothing looks more cowardly than to leave under such circumstances. Sticfk to the ship, and by constant and vigorous practice you may win back lost laurels, and turn the tables on your opponents. Always remember " That no endeavour ik in vain, The reward is in the doing ; And the prize the vanquished win, i^ Ib the pleasure of pursuing." I' ill] m 140 Lacrosse, and Hoxv to Play it. Do not allow success to make you indolent. Probably of the two Buccess is worse than defeat. If a man bd a' man at all, defeat will only nerve him to more earnest endeavour, while on the other hand constant victory often leads to a fancied secur- ity, and consequently to neglect of the very means by which success was secured. Remember that it is only by constant training and practice you can keep your laurels from fading. In conclusion, we would earnestly recommend every player who commences the game to give it a fair trial, judging it on its own merits, and we are confident that if they do so they will be like ourselves — supporters and admirers of what, we trust, will always be our National Game. ^■frv CHAPTER XIV. now TO ACT AS referp:e or umpire. 'HE Referee is selected by the Captains, and should be a man thoroughly conversant with the laws of the game, and have a reputation above even the breath of suspici- on. As the laws are at present constituted, the amount of work devolving upon him, makes his position anything but a sine- cure, and one not to be envied, especially if feeling runs high and disputed games are the rule. So much authority is vested in his person now a'days, that the Referee is really the Auto- crat of the Lacrosse Field, his word is law, and from his decis- ion there is no appeal. The laws provide that previous to the commencement of a match he shall draw the players up in line and see that the regulations respecting the ball, crosses, spiked soles, etc., are complied with (see Sec. 2, Rule vi). He should also understand distinctly from the Captains, what ar- rangement they have made about the continuance of the match, whether it will be stopped at a certain hour, or played out, or fin- ished on some future occasion. An understanding on this point often saves serious trouble afterwards. He should also see that t' -i game is properly started by facing the ball at centrefield, id after all '* fouls," " disputed games," or " balls out of bounds," lould be satisfied that the sides are both readv before he allows the players to recommence the game by again facing the ball (see Sec. 3, Rule vi). Whenever ''fouV or ^^game" is called by either Ca ain, the Referee should immediately call " time " (see Sec. 2, R vi,aQd Rule xxv), after which the ball must not be touches either party, nor must the players move from the 142 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. i>a^ Bjfra Uum lU'ra '^H 1- 1 y^H ■ ''fi II J: l\ H :Vi' if ■'!|: H ■f.i 1 1 ! H '§''»' ' -^B ' 1^! 1 *{ 1 ill positions in which they happen to be, until he has again called ^^ play." Any player in possession of the ball when " the dis- cause we ne more 3 present re inter- class of vith the either by number and each he action of force, on could system ; inary Ke- ardly fail in meting out more even justice than a Referee who was either not present, or had to make a sharp run in order to enable him to get near enough to see what was going on. Our own idea would be to have but one Umpire at each goal, and have him a person of such undoubted character and know- ledge of the game that both sides would be fully satisfied of his integrity of purpose. The objections that might be made against the crowding of the goals by the employment of three Umpires, could not be urged against this arrangement, which in itself would be no small recommendation in its favour. The most weighty objection that could be urged against it would probably be, that the wisdom obtained by the multitude of council would be wanting in this case ; but when the whole of the facts are taken into consideration and fairly weighed, we hardly think that this will be held as a valid objection. The only games that there could be any disagreement about, would be those that would be disputed even if there were two Umpires, as is at present the case. As the opinion of one Um- pire is as good as that of the other, and as in their evidence they flatly contradict each other (else there would be no dis- pute) under the present law, the tie is decided by a Referee who may or may not, as chance happens to favour him, have seen the ball thrown at the flags, and is compelled to form his opin- ion mainly upon the contradictory evidence supplied to him by interested parties. If there were three Umpires, as we have already shown, the tie would be decided by a Referee or Um- pire, who had been present at the time, and for this reason highly competent to give a calm, dispassionate decision, but still, on account of the disagreement between the other two Umpires, his decision would of necessity be the judgment of a single individual. Under the proposed plan of one Umpire, 148 Lacrosse, and Hmv to Play it. there could be no disputes whatever, and the case would be decided by the same kind of Referee and on the same princi- ples as in the other method of the three Umpires ; he would have the additional advantage of settling the affair at once by himself, without being compelled to listen to the violent dis- putes so common on such occasions, or having his judgment biassed by any of the plausible arguments that clever Captains are in the habit of advancing. ^ The settlement of all disputed games has to come finally to the decision of one individual, and we take the ground very strongly that it had better be done in this way first as last, especially when under the proposed plan the person giving the decision is on the spot and has every chance in his favour of being able to give a fair and impartial judgment. In the game of Cricket where just as much is often involved as in Lacrosse, the decision of all such disputed points is left to the judgment of one man, and the plan seems to have worked satisfactorily, else it would long ago have been changed. The fact that Cricketers still adhere to the one Umpire system seems to us to be a very strong argument in favour of the adoption of some such principle in the settlement of disputed games in Lacrosse matches. The only thing would be to get men for the position, as capable and upright as those now chosen for the position of Referee, and from the facilities they would have for giving an honest judgment we are certain that its adoption would be a long stride in advance of our present system. It would effectually put an end to all disputed games, for the Umpire having to decide the thing himself would have no one to differ with ; there could be no disputing amongst the players, be- cause there would be no necessity of them saying anything either pro or con in the matter ; it would save a great deal of hard How to Act as Refer ae or Umpire. 149 feeling and prevent quarrels between teams by removing the cause of most of the disputes in matches ; it would save a great deal of valuable time, and would certainly be appreciated by the spectators if not by the players themselves ; and last but not least it would bo appreciated by none more than those who have acted as Referee under the old order of things. Under the present rdgime, it is almost an impossibility for a Eeferee to act through a match and keep the confidence and good will of both sides, especially since home play has degene- rated into a kind of general meld-e around the flags and short swipes have taken the place of throws. Be he considered ever so square a fellow at the outset, he is almost certain before he gets through to give a decision adverse to one side or the other, and the losing side very often not only look upon the decision as unjust, but take no trouble to conceal their opinion. It is almost impossible to satisfy both parties, and he often ends by pleasing none. A Referee should, at least, be entitled to the respect of the clubs who have selected him to fill the delicate and honourable office he occupies, and we can conceive of no more uncomfort- able position than that of a person holding this position, and striving conscientiously to do what is fair between both parties, having, as is sometimes the case, to listen to the taunts and innuendos of those who, although they may differ from him in opinion, ought still to give him credit for honesty of purpose. Under the system we are advocating, the Referee would have all he wanted to do in looking after the play and seeing that it was carried on in a fair and gentlemanly manner. He would still decide all disputed points, fouls, etc., see after the facing of the ball as at present, and in addition, would have the re- sponsibility of selecting Umpires in the event of the Captains 150 Lacrosse, and How to Play it. not putting forward men eligible for the position. We trust that at the next meeting of the National Association this sub- ject will receive special attention, and that the present laws will be so altered as to do away with the disputes now so com- mon in matches. A few words as to the position the Referee should assume in the settlement of all disputes, and we have done. He should make a point of keeping his own counsel, and never allow him- self to get 80 excited as to commit himself. He should al ways bear in mind the fact that he has no right to express an opin- ion, and that any such expression will be used against him by the side from which he differs. In all disputes, even though he may have been an eye-witness himself, he should make it a rule to hear all that is said on both sides of the question, be- fore expressing any opinion. His opinion should always be given as his decision. If he is injudicious enough to make any remarks which may possibly be construed as an opinion, they are sure to be taken advantage of by some shrewd Captain, and are almost certain to place him in an awkward position. Even if the Referee has the knack of talking common sense, the less he says the better, until he is prepared to give his decision. In his case while " speech may be silver, silence is gold." When, in accordance with the law, he has heard both sides of the question, he should at once give his decision, and it should be made known in such a decided manner that there can be no misunderstanding about what is meant. He should never go back on his decision, it should be like the laws of the Medes and Persians, unalterable. If he should afterwards change his opinion let him keep it to himself, as no good purpose can be served by letting others know about it. Finally, in everything he does, let him act honestly, and suffer no consid- How to Act as Referee or Umpire. 151 eration, however it may be presented, to influence him in any degree from doing what he believes to be right. If after this he cannot command the confidence and respect of the clubs he is acting for, he will at least retain his own, and have the satis- faction of knowing that in his case " virtue is its own reward." UMPIRES. The duties of Umpires are so fully explained in the Laws of Lacrosse that one would almost imagine that comment was un- necessary ; but however fully detailed, they seem to be but im- perfectly understood, and for this reason we purpose giving a few remarks. Umpires have a very responsible position, and to discharge its duties aright they should thoroughly understand them. Many Umpires consider that their duties consist merely in standing near the flags and judging whether the ball goes through or not. Although this is the most important, it is but a small part of their duties, as a careful perusal will show. They ought to bo thoroughly acquainted with the game. It would be considered folly to ask a person who never saw the game to act as Umpire at a billiard match ; yet players often think that because a man is a " square " fellow he has qualifica- tions enough for an Umpire ; although at the same time he knows nothing of his duties or of how the game is played. The laws of the game very properly forbid any person becom- ing an Umpire who is, either diredhj or indirectly^ in any bet upon the result of the game. In fact (laying aside betting), no per- son being a member of either club, or having any interest in either side should ever accept the position. He is apt to be biassed by his inclinations ; and even if he does give a fair and impartial judgment, it will be often received with distrust. i 152 LacroBse, and How to Play it. Before the match commences they should see that the goals are properly pitched in accordance with Rule iii. ; they should also find out from the Captains the number of games to be played, time for stopping, etc. When the game commences they must take up their position in rear, and yet close to the flags, so as to get the best possible view of the game. When *' foul " or " game " is claimed by either side, they must step out in front of the flags, and cry " time. " Whenever this is called they should see that the game is at once stopped, and tlie players kept in whatever po- sition they may happen to be in, until the claim has been set- tled and the game again started by the Referee. The principal duty of the Umpires, however, is to decide when game is claimed, whether the ball has fairly passed through the goal. This is the point, however, where they gen- erally differ, and wo have observed that although they are en- tirely unprejudiced, each Umpire manages to see things favour- ably for the side he represents. In an experience of fifteen years we have never in a single instance found the Umpires were opposed to each other and to the side they represented. We have also noticed that the only occasion whereon Umpires agree, are those where the game has been won so fairly as to bo beyond a peradventure. This is, perhaps, natural, and we shall not comment on it further than to say, if it does nothing else, it forms a very strong argument against the present system of wrangling and dis- puting, and the substitution therefor of one good, reliable Umpire at each end, who can be depended upon to administer impartial- justice between the contending parties, as between man and man. We assume that the Umpires are honest in their inten- tions, and we know from experience that some of their differ- How to Act as Referee or Umpire. 153 ences of opinion arise from their difference of position at the time when the ball is thrown at the goal. The rules provide that the Umpires shall stand behind the flags when the ball ia near the goal, their usual position, therefore, is one on each side, and a few feet in rear of the flag poles. Now it is quite evident that when an angle shot is thrown by a home player, as shown in the diagram below, the two Umpires are not in equally good positions to judge of the result. The Umpire A has the centre of the flags in a direct line between the player B f A and B Umpires. C Goal-keeper. D Home-keeper. \ D throwing the shot and himself, and the ball cannot possibly go through without his knowing it. The Umpire B, on the other hand, is standing almost at right angles to the direction of the 154 Lacrosse, and How to Play it •hot, and as a consequence cannot be expected to tell to a cer- tainty whether the ball has gone through or not. Yet in a dispute he is generally as positive in his opinion as the other Umpire, and his evidence has equal weight with the generality of Referees. Any one that ever tried the experiment will know that, from the position of Umpire B, it is utterly impos- •ible to do more than guess at the result of the attempt. For the past three years, when acting as Referee, we have invaria- bly made it a rule to explain this fact to the Umpires before the match commenced, and tell them that in case of any dis- pute, we should attach more impoitance to the evidence of the Umpire who was in a (Jirect line with the ball than that of the other ; not because he was likely to be any more conscientious, bat because we considered that his position entitled his opin- ion to greater weight. A very safe rule for the Umpires, is to stand close together, a few feet in rear of the centre of the ilags, and whenever the goal is menaced, to keep the flags in a line between themselves and the ball. For all shots, whether straight or at an angle, this position gives the Umpires the great advantage that they have never to move more than a few feet to align themselves with the ball, and there is less dan- ger of their disagreeing if they stand close together than if they remain farther apart. An Umpire should never give an opinion until it is asked ; when the game is claimed it is time enough to make his convic- tions public. Nothing looks worse than to see an Umpire shout "game" ^t every opportunity, just as if he was the, party who was most concerned by it. When any dispute arises, the Umpires should always try and decide the matter themselves, without the aid of the Referee ; Hov: to Act as Referee or Umpire. 155 ) a cer- it in a e other lerality nt will impos- t. For invaria- } before iny dis- !e of the it of the ientious, lis opin- res, is to re of the lags in a whether )ires the in a few ,es8 dan- than if asked ; convic- I Umpire ras the. I try and leferee ; as a general rule their decision gives more perfect satisfaction to both parties. Be an Umpire ever such a '' square fellow," or his intentions ever so honourable, he can never give an impartial judgment, nor properly discharge the trust reposed in him by the side he represents, if he do not continually keep his eye upon the ball. Even with the most vigilant watching it is sometimes hard to decide whether or not it is game ; how much harder, then, when he does not give the necessary attention 1 In conclusion, we would simply say to all Umpires, remem- ber you are not placed in your position to further the interest of the club appointing you, but to decide honestly whether games are, or are not won. In deciding a game you are expected to give your honest con- viction, no matter whether it be for or against your friends. No matter whether it suits them or not, do what is right, and never under any circumstances lend yourself to anything that you do not conscientiously believe to be just. i LAWS OF LACROSSE. Revised and Adopted at the Reorganization of the National Lacrosse Association of Canada^ Toronto, Jfth May, 1876, and amended at Montreal, August 3rd, 1877, Toronto, June 7th, 1878, Montreal, June 6th, 1879. RULE I. THE CROSSE. Sec. 1. The crosse may be of any length to suit the player woven with cat-gut, which musit not be Bagged. ("Cat-gut" is intended to mean raw-hide, gut, or clock-strings ; not cord or soft leather.) The netting must be flat when the ball is not on it. In its widest part the crosse shall not exceod one foot. A string must be brought through a hole at the side of the tip of the turn, to pre\ ent the point of the stick catching an opponent's crosse. A leading string resting upon the top of the stick may be used, but nr.ust not be fastened, so as to form a pocket, lower down the stick than the end of the length strings. The length strings must be woven to within two inches of their termina- tion, so that the ball cannot catch in the meshes. Sec. 2. No kind of metal, either in wire or sheet, nor screws or nails, to stretch strings, shall be allowed upon the crosse. Splices must be made either with string or gut. Sec. 3. Players may change their crosse during a match. viii-. :- Jjawe of Lacrosse. 157 r RULE II, THE B/lLL. The ball must be India rubbei sponge, not less than eight, nor more than nine inches in circumference. In matches it must be furnished by the challenged party. RULE III. THE GOALS. The goals must be at least 125 yards from each other, and in any position agreeable to the Captains of both sides. The top of the flag-poles must be six feet above the ground includ- ing any top ornament, and six feet apart. In matches they must be furnished by the challenged party. RULE IV. THE GOAL CREASE. No attacking player must be within six feet of either of the flagpoles, unless the ball has passed cover-point'? position on the field, RULE V. UMPIRES. Sec. 1. There must be two Umpires at each goal who shall be disinterested parties, they shall stand behind the fl?gs when the ball is near or nearing the goal. In the event of ^^ yanie" being called, they shall decide whether or not the ball has fairly passed through the goal ; and if there be a difference of opinion between them, it shall be settled as provided for by Rule vi. They must not be me.nbers of either club engaged in a match ; nor nhall they be changed during a match without the consent of % 158 Lacrosse, and How t9 Play it. both Captains. They must see that the regulations are adhered to respecting the goal. They must know before the commence- ment of a match the number of gan.es to be played, • Sec. 2. No Umpire shall, either directly or indirectly, be interested 'n any bet upon the result of the match. No person shall be allowed to speak to the umpires, or in any way dis- tract their attention, when the ball is near or nearing the goal. Sec. 3. When ^\foul" has been called, by either Captain, the Referee or any Umpire shall cry '■'■time," after which the ball must not be touched by either party, nor must the players move from the position in which they happen to be at the mo- ment until the Referee has called ^' play.'' If a player should be in possession of the ball when ^Hime'^ is called, he must drop it on the ground. If the ball enters goal after '^time" has has been called, it will not co Vit. The jurisdiction of Umpires shall not extend beyond the day of their appointment. RULE VI. REFEREE. Sec. 1. The Referee shall be selected by the Captains; and, in the case of ^^Championship" matches, must be appointed at least one day before the match. No person shall be chosen to fill the position who is not thoroughly acquainted with the game, and in every wa^ competent to act. In the event of the Field Captains failing to agree upon a Referee the day previous to a match, it shall be the duty cf the President of the National Lacrosse Association, or in his absence the Vice-President, upon being duly notified, to appoint a Referee to act during the match, such R,eferee, however, not to be one of the number propob.9d by either of the competing clubs. Laws of Lacrosse. 169 dhered mence itly, be person (^ay dis- le goal, ain, the the ball players the mo- • should le must me" has Jmpircs [S; and, irted at losen to ith the of the irevious ational It, upon nng the lumber Sec. 2. Before the match begins, he shall draw the players up in lines, and see that the regulations respecting the ball, crosses, spiked soles, &c., are complied with. Disputed points, whereon the Umpires or Captains disagree, shall be left to his decision. He shall have the power to suspend at any time during the match, any pit .yer infringing these laws, the game to go on during such suspension. In disputed games which are left to his decision, he shall take the evidence of the players particularly interested, the respective opinions of the differing Umpires and, if necessary, the opinions and proposals of the Captains in cases where the discontinuance of the gar.e is threatened. He shall immediately call "