IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
h
^/,
A
y
^
i.O
:siM iiM
1" IM 2.2
iig ||2.0
I.I
1.25
1.4 1.6
=
V]
<^
/^
/
^a
/A
(^
Photograpliic
Sciences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. HSBO
(716) 873-4503
i-f
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
Tl
to
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.
n
D
D
D
D
D
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couieur
I I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagde
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaur6e et/ou peliiculAe
I I Cover title missing/
Le titre de couverture manque
I I Coloured maps/
Cartes giographiques en couieur
Coloured inic (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou Illustrations en couieur
Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reiiure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge int^rieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6X6 fiim^es.
Addition i comments:/
Commentaires supplimentaires:
L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les d4tails
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Aire uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la methods normale de filmage
sont indiqu6s ci-dessous.
[~n Coloured pages/
D
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est film* au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous.
Pages de couieur
Pages damaged/
Pages endommagAes
Pages restored and/oi
Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicuides
Pages discoloured, stained or foxei
Pages dAcoior^es, tacheties ou piqudes
Pages detached/
Pages ddtachdes
Showthrough/
Transparence
Quality of prir
Quaiiti indgale de i'impression
Includes supplementary materi{
Comprend du materiel suppi^mentaire
Only edition available/
Seule Mition disponible
I I Pages damaged/
I I Pages restored and/or laminated/
I I Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
I I Pages detached/
I I Showthrough/
I I Quality of print varies/
I I Includes supplementary material/
I I Only edition available/
Tl
P<
o1
fil
O
b<
th
si
ol
fil
si
Ol
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t6 film^es A nuuveau de faqon A
obtenir la meilieure image possible.
Tl
St
Tl
w
M
di
er
bJ
ri]
re
m
10X
14X
18X
22X
26X
30X
J
12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X
1
1
The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thenks
to the generosity of:
Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec
L'exempiaire fllmi fut reproduit grAce A la
ginAroait* de:
Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in iceeping with th^
filming contract specifications.
Original copies in printed paper covers ere filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the bacit cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol ^^- (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition ot
de la netteti de l'exempiaire filmi. et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Les exempleires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimis sont filmAs en commengant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration. soit par is second
plet. selon le cas. Tous les autres exempleires
originaux sont fiimis en commenpant par la
premiAre page qui compo.ne une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par
la derniire page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernlAre imege de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols V signifie "FIN".
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre
filmAs A des taux de reduction diff6rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clichA, il est fiimA A partir
de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images nAcesssire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.
1
2
3
32X
1
2
3
4
5
6
Gold Fields of Alaska
t
KLONDIKE GOLD FIELDS
...AND...
NORTHWEST TERRITORY
North American
Transportation & Trading Company
J^' Merchants and Carriers
%
...jmnounccmenL.
THAT there is a need for such a book as " ALL ABOUT
THE GOLD FIELDS OF ALASKA." is evidenced by the
great interest aroused upon the discovery of gold In the
Klondike. Man is naturally curious, but wise men tem;>er their
curiosity with caution. An exhibition of caution does not indicate
either instability or cowardice, but rather a determination to win when
once the mind is fully determined.
This book is given to the world in the hope that the reader may
receive not a glamoring invitation to join a wild and aimless horde
of rapacious adventurers, but that having carefully scanned its pages
will be only too glad to become one of a party of noble and deter-
mined men in search of the boundless wealth that awaits the efforts
of honest and well directed industry.
That untold wealth lies buried in the hills and valleys of Alaska
the whole world knows, but not every one is acquainted with the
method needed in uncovering it. We have therefore undertaken in
the following pages to instruct and advise the gold-sesker as to the
best manner of overcoming the difficulties that must be met.
The rigors of the far north demand that extreme care be ex ■
ercised in the selecting of both the food ana clothing to be used in
Alaska, and as the business world is ever on the alert to meet the
requirements of new conditions, the advertisements interspersed through-
out this book will be found of the highest value and should be read
with a full knowledge that they are the announcements of the very
best business firms of the United States and Canada and are to be
thoroughly relied upon as cpming from the rn?n w.hose integrity and
honesty represent the ' bulwark Of United Stati|2.i :and • Canada's genius
and enterprise. ,^
In contradistinction to- many 'puhMcatJonc Juit ' how' Issuing because
of the great interest awakened* iri Alaska, this volume will be found
to contain information of real historic worth, and in every way de-
serving a place in every home where knowledge is given its true
value. f
o
o
R. A. Irving, Ed.
North American Transportation & Trading Co.
Daed by permission of W. U. Coulcey Cuiupauy, Irum "I'Lututfiupljs eu-rootc- tu tliu Klondike.'
V.
59429
■1
Used by periuiasion of W. B. Cunkey Cuiupany, from "Photographs en-roote to the Klomlike."
V f.
Uhed by permission of W. B. Conkey Cumpany, from "Photographs en-ronto to the Klondike.
MAP SHOWING THE THREE OVERLAND ROUTES FROM JUNEAU TO FIVE FINGER
KAPIDS ON THK LEWES RIVER, WHICH JOINING WITH THE PELLY RIVER
AT FORT SELKIKK, MAKES THE YUKON RIVER.
Issued by tho Department of tho Interior, of the Dominion of Canada.
Dsod by permission of W. B. Conkey Company, from "Pliotographs en-route to the Klondike."
6
MAP OF THE YUKON RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.
Issued by the Department of the Interior, of the Dominion of Canada.
Used by pormission of W. B. Conkey Company, from "Photographs en-ronte to the Klondike.'
7
SowMill JJ^V-AKt BtNMlTT
'^""H,VkfW^i,
VmiO''
y \LARt LiNOtRMAH
■r \
, \S* n\*
--^/ . 'I////,
' ' '*'->.
Camp "'^/r Ottp ^.A^t . / TordUwdttp - V l
'•i^ tomp *♦ "' »o«.K bo»(om»/y '
MVOOLtUM
''camp / /'
^-^ v\^•>'
CRMtV^Uvkt
5tan« Houst
■ ■• ,■ .^^ s
^H>' ,,111' >• .y. (V"-^ 3
^^_ Snow ▼>«>'» ^ ,"■ ■ ' 5UWW. T U«C ^tXA lr,1»"lw>
„A^>
vvS
'%/ll>'
HofstBt\(HQ«
v^"~ i<^ 5hnpCa«n6 5u»nmk»
Q^jl^ Tnd o\ canHon*
"II.
»"^'
DvtA
FtTTVJ
VC«m»
UBod by pormission of W. H. Conkoy rompany, from "PliotoRrnpli!" on-roufp to tlip Klondiko."
"%#»'
'^ijiii'rp^
e
MttTiNG or THE Trails
'Dawson City ■ to
DAW50U C\TY
m, n V
U«od by pormission of W. H. Cmkoy ('.mipnDy, from "I'hotr.K; .„hs en-rontc to H," Klon.liko."
Htl about the
6old fields of Hlasha.
*
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF.
"The days of old,
The days of gold.
The days of '49."
When the news came from California in 1848 that Marshall had discovered
gold upon Sutter Creek, and the stories told of the fabulous amount of metal
that lay hidden beneath the sands electrified the whole world, people flocked
there from all parts of the globe; and it was a common sight to sec a wagon
train many miles in length traveling along the plains, and a fleet of vessels
rounding the Horn that would outnumber the entire American navy— all
bound for the new Eldorado. In like manner the eyes of the world are today
turned to a new and richer gold field in far away Alaska and from Skaguay to
Dawson City, a distance of 800 miles, is an army of determined and fearless
men wending their way in search of the panacea of all earthly ills glittering
gold.
Of the four billions and a half of gold in the world, in coin and in bullion,
exclusive of that used in the arts, the United States has produced two billions
and a half; California has produced out of the two billions and a half over two
billions. California produced from its placers over a billion of dollars. This
is a tremendous amount of money, still careful and conservative miners who
have visited every mining camp in the Yukon district, the Northwest and all
over Alaska, tell that California was a side show — that it fades and shrinks
into insignificance like mists before the burning sun in comparison with the
vast wealth of Alaska and the Yukon fields. Alaska has produced about ten
millions of dollars. Expert miners say that a conservative estimate for 1898
would lead them to believe that at least thirty millions of dollars in gold dust
will be brought from the Yukon and Klondike districts.
The development of such a vast territory as Alaska demands that an im-
mense capital be used in trading and transportation. Such an outlay by
private individuals is of course impossible; but as capital has ever stood ready
to advance the cause of commerce, there has in this instance been reared a
great and s*»-ong financial corporation to meet the demands of gold-seekers in
the organization known as the North American Transportation and Trading
Company.
10
OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY.
Following is a list of the officers of the North American Transportation
and Trading Company with their several addresses. Little more need be
said of them than that all are gentlemen of integrity and high standing, most
favorably known to the public in connection with this interest, and that their
names alone are a guarantee of the company's resolve to do all that is possible
for the welfare and convenience of intending settlers in Alaska.
ELY E. WEARE. Fort Cudahy, N. W. T., - President.
Capt. JOHN J. HEALY, DAWSCN, N. W. T.,
Vice-President and Gen'l Mgr.
WM. W. WEARE, Chicago, III., - 2nd Vice-President.
CHAS. A. WEARE, Chicago, 111., - - - Treasurer.
C. H. HAMILTON, Seattle, Wash., Secretary and Traf:ic Mgr.
Capt. JOHN C. BARR, Fort Get There, Alaska,
Mgr. River Transportation.
DIRECTORS.
JOHN CUDAHY, -
MICHAEL CUDAHY,
ERNEST A. HAMILL,
PORTUS B. WEARE,
CHARLES A. WEARE,
ELY E. WEARE,
C^pt. JOHN J. HEALY,
Chicago, III.
Fort Cudahy, N. W. T.
Dawson, N. W. T.
11
^
?
(
ELY E. WEARE, rrcsidoiit.
12
3
JOHN .1. IlKALY, Vic.-l'ri'Biilciit ami (iLricial MauuBtT.
^
WILLIAM W. WEAKE, 2d Vice-President.
\
V
14
mif'^Vf JK
J
i>m
taQ
HKP'
Htoir
1^^. I '■■■
* •
(HAS. A. WKAKL, Tiuasurur.
15
\
1
■
'^iH
I
v
I
Hf'T
^1
^^^M^^ ■ '#':'■• '
1
^K ^^^■^^■"'f^ ■ V =■•»
1
^F' ^^^^Bhp^&;>. t' Jk>ii
19
^H^^-^-u^riHBil- ^^^H^^HH^neKt^ >'• ^i^flu
H
flr^ ^n^S
1
l^k^^- ^':^^^BKffl^
Bl
^^^^^H^. * '^j^^^^^^^^^^^BE^
H
^^^^^^^^^Bm ^ '^^^^^^^^^IHBin
^1
^HP^^ v^^^^^bh
Hj
^^L^. - l^^H^^H
H
^
BB
1
B
^^^^^m ^WM^^S^^^^RI
Hj
%'
.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hq ' j^S^SrSjHHfl^M^FM
H
\
^^jjll
5
i
;
r?^'
C. U. HAMILTON, Secretary and Traflic Manager. 1
■ ;-'■'■■
,
i^
16
I
P0RTU8 B. WEARli, ("Iminu.iu.
17
MICHAEL CUDAHY, Director.
18
JOHN CUUAUY, Diructor.
ly
THE COMPANY'S OPERATIONS.
Seven years a^o the North AmericaiiTransportation and Trading Company
started their lines of ocean and river steamers to develop a trade with
the Alaskan territory. Since then its ojieratioiis have included the establish-
ment of a new 5,000 mile water route, embracing' the valley of the Yukon with
all its tributaries, and the l)uilding and maintenance of trading posts and
general merchandise stores at the numerous mining settlements made in that
vast interior. Accordingly it now has trading posts at the following points,
all in charge of its own trusty and exi)erienced agents:
Fort Gict Tiikke, St. Michakl's Island, Alaska,
Hamilton, Yukon Kivek, Alaska.
Weakk, Yukon Rivek, Alaska.
Healv, Tanana Kivek, Alaska.
Rami'akt City, Yukon Rivkk, Alaska.
Circle C;tv, Yukon River, Alaska.
Fort Cuhaiiv, North West Territory.
Dawson, North West Territory.
Of those tlie Alaska Headquarters is the post at
I'oRT Get There, on St. Michael's Island,
at the mouth of Yukon River, while the following are administrative Pacific
Coast Offices:
San Francisco, Cal., 8 California Street.
Seattle, Wash., 618 First Avenue.
The other offices of the company are:
Atlantic Coast Ofeice: New York City, im Produce Exchange,
Main Chicago Office: Old Colony Building, Room 290.
Minneai'olis: ;{2 Chamber of Commerce.
Omaha: 1 New York Life Huilding.
Des Moines: 206 Iowa Loan & Trust Building.
i
20
at
wi
■S V a
— $
1-3
ja
X «
<e o
H-
C-:
u:
2^
21
FLEETS OF THE COMPANY.
In these seven years there has been a continual expansion nf the company's
hiisiness and its fleets of ocean and river steamers have been improved and
augmented so as to insure to the public safety and comfort, avoiding the
dangerous and expensive trip over the mountains. Amon^j the fine vessels
now en^aKed in the service are operating ocean steamers between Seattle
and St. Michael's, and the following fleet of river steamers:
"RoANOKK," " I'oRTUs H. \Vi:arf.," "John Cudahv,"
"Corona," "John J. HrAi.v," "T.C.Power,"
" W. II. Talbot," "Chas. H. Hamilton," "J. C. Barr,"
"Ckniva," "Krnkst a. Hamill," "Klondike,"
"Celia."
First boat sails June lOth, 1H!)8.
Next on or about July 1st, 1H98.
Next on or about July iiOth, 1898.
Next on or about Aug. 2r)th, 1898.
Next on or about Sept. 20th, 1898.
Next on or about Oct. lOth, 1898.
Last two carry passengers to St. Michael's only. In all instances sailings
are "on or about."
From Seattle and Taconia by this service the traveler is carried in a pleasant
ocean trip, attended with ease, comfort and safety, to St. Michael's, transferring
there to one of company's fleet of river boats direct to the mines. The time
requircil ig usually about eleven days from Seattle to St. Michael's, and about
twelve to fifteen days for the river trip to Dawson City. This route is open
from the 1st of June to the last of September.
Here it will be interesting to present the main
Table of Distances from Seattle to Dawson City and Klondike River.
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Miles.
Seattle, Washington
Dutch Harbor, Alaska 1,955
St. Michael's, Alaska 2,705
Circle City, Alaska 3,780
Fort Cudahy, N. W. T 3,970
Dawson City and Klondike River, N. W. T 4,018
82
SOME FACTS ABOUT ALASKA.
AFKW piitTiil I'iuts iilioiit .\lii>l\ii .mil I lie ', nmlcrfiil Niikmi
Kivcr will .<»'rv»' iit this |i(iiiit |i> wlict llw iiitcrt'.-l n|' ihc iciidiT:
.\lii>ka is t\\(» iiiid DiM'-liiiir liiiics ii> liir;^(' it:- 'Tt-Mis.
It is ('i;;lit limes as Jiiri:*' as all <tl' New l'!ii;:lan<l.
It is as lar;;c as the Suiitli, iiicliidiii^' Texas.
It is as laiire as all the States ea»t m|' the Mississippi and iioilii
of the Ohin. iiieliidiii;; \'ii<iinia and \\'e>t N'irjiiiiia.
It makes San Kianeiseo ea.»t of uiir eenl«'r.
Its cna.-i line i> -.'cjhmi nnles.
It hiistlie lii;:hest niiumtains in N'nrth America.
it has the old}' forest -covered jflaeier in the world.
The Treailwell is one id' its irreatc>t <;old nnne?.
It. has the hest vellcw (cdar in the worltl.
It has the ^ii'eatest seal lisheries.
It has llie;;reatest salmon li>lierie>.
Jt has cod lianks that heat Neu fonndland.
it ha.« the lar;^('st river in the world.
I'nrchased in IS(m from iiiissia for -^i, ".'()( i, i;»; the puri hase ne;_'o-
tiatcd hy William II. Seward.
Area in scpiari' nnles. ollljof).
r |iulalion (census of |S!H»), ;!(».:;•.'!>. (d" whom hid 1,1 HI were
whiles, S,|(I0 Ks(|iMnian.\. and l;!.T."i'» liulian>.
Jvstimated present population, ,"»(». (ido.
J'rincipal cities: Sitka (the capital), .Inncau, \Vran;:el, Circle City
and Dawson.
Principal monnlains: .Monnl Lopm. altitudi' l!*,.'!!!!) feet; .Mount
St. Klias, IS,l(Ht: Mount \Vran;:el, ll.ooo f,.et.
(Jovernor of the territory, .lames I). I'radv. residenc(^ at Sitka.
Principal occupations of tlio natives. huntin<r and iishin^'.
Kstimated pntdmt (d yold to date, .$;5(».(Ml(i.()0().
J'roduct of <i-old in 1S!>:. $ l.liro.tMK).
A man standin;i'' on the l)aid\ of the Yukon loO miles froni its
montli cannot sec the other bank.
The Yukon is "->() miles wide. IdO nnles from its mouth.
AVith its trihutaries it is naviiiahle "-i,.")!}!* nules.
Jt i.<< larger than the I)anuhe.
It is larger than La Plata.
It is larjicr than the Orinoco.
It dischar^ios f)ne-thivd more water than tlie ^li.ssissippi.
The water is fresh tifteen nules from its mouth.
It has more (fold in its hasin than any other river.
Its color is heautifull\ Mue to its junction with the White River,
1,100 miles ahove its mout .
Alaska runs 1..1(l() nnh - west of Hawaii.
Yukon bas^in gold is estimated at !j<."i,U()0,OUO,000.
23
^ii^p^i^iiiiBiHPa
msm
^^mmmmm
T
The nccc.-sary cniptivt^ force for tlio formatinii of oreat fi.-suro
veins is pvcrywiicrc cvidi'iit in Alaska.
Whole forests hreak into the sea.
Some streams are l)ri(l«:e(l h_v (glaciers.
Some wood is heaiitifiillv polished hv i.;laeier action.
.\valanclus in the interior are unknown
Owin": i<> drvness there is not nuich suH'eriii;:- from cold.
'I'ake a l(»-JS rille with telescope si<ihts.
One small Irihe makes $■-*(),()()() a year from silver-fo\ skins. 'I'hev
are worth $•.'.*)(» each.
Jvxposed poi'tions of the InxIv fi'ecze in three minutes.
liihrarv: One IJihIe, one Shakespeare.
Snow shoes not needed in the mine co'.mtrv.
The Klondike Ifiver is 10 yards wide at its mouth. Water shallow
and clear — hlue in coh>r.
The Klondike fevei' is not daiiperous unless a<if;ravate(l hv Chil-
koot chills.
Klondike in Kn-;li>h is Deer liiver. The river is so desi;.;naied
on the maps.
Kloiidike ^old lields are partly in Ameritan and parHy in Ih'itish
territory, and t]ie product is disposed of in tlu' Tnited States.
Scene of the present e.xcitemeiit is aloiin- tlii' upper Yukon and
its trihutaries.
I)i>tance from Chicago to the Klondike (odd Fields, via the
^ ukon. is ahont (>..').')•> nnles: via Chilkoot pa.s. ahoul l.-J(i(l luiles.
'I'ravel hy wati'r possible only in dune. duly. .\u,i:ust and Se|)tem-
]y'V.
Cliniati' in winlei- severe in the exti'cnu': winter heoinnin*: in
October.
Durin;.;' dune and duly continuous dayli^iit: dnrinii" December and
dauuary continuous ni,ulit.
(Jold first discovered in is;s.
'I'lie North .\merican Transportation \- Tradino- Co.. with ofhces
at •*!)() Old Colony Ihnldin,-:'. will carry 1 ."iO pound;- of ba^-pi^e free on
their lirsf and .-econd rl'A^^ ti(d<ets. exces- ba^-,ua,:^-e at the rate of 20
cents a pound. X. .\. 'I'. iV T. Co. has (M>hf boats in operation be-
tween Seattle and Da\v.-"n Cify. and tliey are now bnildinji' eleven.
In purcliasin<i- transportation, bear in I'nind that the Xorth .\n;<"i-
can Transportation \- Tra(lin,ii- Co. has Inid a iinc^ of steamers estab-
lished on the ^'nkfui I^iver foi' six vears
'I'lie \ukon IJiver is not open a( its month until after the l.-)th d;iv
of dune.
FEATURES OF THE CLIMATE.
The shon snniiner of .\laska. extend in^r from about tlie middle of
June to about the nuddle (d' September, is part of the time intensely
hot, nnrelieved by the lon,<r ni.iihts of the temperate zone: anil
the winter witli its Ion-;- in.ubf and stian,<;'ely Ion.-:- twilight, is not as
indiearable a.^ was snpjiosed if one is provided a,i:ainst its severitv and
is conteid to lead an indoor life.
I'luler ihv. direetion of Secretary of Airrieulture Wilson, Chief
24
Mooro of tlu' WciitluT lUirt'iiu lia.- uiadc piil)lic- a statement in regard
to the climate of Aiasi<a. He .-avr-:
'riie mean winter temperature of Sitka i? 'o^.'> degrees — hut little
lower than that <tt' Washmjitdn. I>. ('.
'r\\v climate of the interior, including in tliat designation prac-
tically all oi' the ((Uiutrv e.\ci'|»t a narmw I'lingi- ol' cuasL margin and
the territory hcl'oi'e rct'ei'red to as temperate Alaska, is one td' ex-
treme rigor in wilder, with a short l)ut relatively Imi summer, es-
jx'cially when the sky is free I'roni cloud.
COLD IN THE KLO.NDIKE REGION.
In the Klondike region in nddwinler the sun rises from IKod In 10
A. ^M., and sets from 'i to '.'> l\ M., the total length of daylight heing
ahout four hours. L'ememhering that the sun rises hut a few degrees
ahove the horizon an<l that it is wholly oh-^cured on a great many
days, the character cd' the winter months may easily he imagined.
VVil»e& Kirk, I'hoto, belittle. Wash.
Seagulls nn Scattlo Wliarfs.
The mean temperature of the months from October, IS.SO. to
April, 1890, both inclusive, are as follows;
October '■]■] degrees, Novemlier S degi'ces. December 11 degrees
below zero, .lannaiy 17 below zero. February 1.") I»e|ow zero, starch <»
above. .\])ril '?<> above. The daily mean temperature fell and re-
mained below the freezing point (^'i degree.*) from Xovonrber 4, ISSO.
to Ai)ril '2\. 1S!)(), thus giving KiS days as the length of the closed
season of 18S9-1890, assuming that outdoor operations arc controlled
25
STEAMSHIP " ROANOKE."— This is one of tlio ocean linors opprated by this company
between Tacrrna and Seattle, to St. Miohacrslslunil, .Alaska.
'J»i
by toinpt'ratuio only. Tnc Idwost tcinperatiirt's registered during the
winter were -Vi degiees below zero in JN'oveinber, A'i below in Deteni-
ber, .')9 below in .liiiniary, .'».") ludow in Kebruary, 1') below in March
and ^(i below in April. The greate.-t eontinuoiis eold occiirred in
FebrnHry, 1S!)0, when the daily mean for hve eonseeiitive days wa.s
47 degrees below zero.
(Jrealer eold tlian that noted here has been experii'nee<l in the
I'nited States for a very slioit time, but never has it continued so
very cold for so long a time. Jn tlie interior of Alaska the winter
set^ in as early as September, when snt^wstorms may l)e expected
in the mountains and passes. Headway during one of these storms is
impossible, anti the traveler wlio is overtaken by one of them is for-
tunate if he escaju's with his life. Snow storms of great, severity
may occur in any month from September to May, inclusive.
The changes of temperature from winti-r to summer are rapid,
owing to the great increase in the length of the <lay. In May the
sun rises about .'? A. ^I. and sets about !) 1'. M. In Jr.ne it rises at
l.;50 o'clock in the morning and sets about 10. MO o'clock, giving
about twenty hours of daylight and diiruse twilight the remainc er of
the time. The mean summer temperature in the interior doubtless
ranges l)etween <!(» and TO degrees, according to elevation, being high-
est in the middle and lower Yukon valleys.
EARLY MININQ ON THE YUKON.
Gold mining in the Yukon district may be said to have been
initiated in 1S80, though little was done in that year except a certain
amount of prospecting by twenty-five or thirty miners, who enterefl
by the way of Chilkoot I'ass. Since then a yearly iircreasing numlxM'of
miners have entered the country by the same route, and river bars
have ))een worked with good results on <lilTerent i)arts of the Lewis
and its tributary, the Teslintoo (llootalin(pui) and on the I'elly and
the Stewart rivers. In lS<S(i most of the work was doiu' (Ui the Stew-
art, but in consequence of the discovery of "coarse" gold on I"'orty
Mile Creek, nearly all of the miners went to that |)lace. This was the
first discovery of coarse gold in the district, but since the rich creeks
have been fouiul out it uuiy safely be jiredicted that many more will
follow. Prospecting has so far been confined almost exclusively to the
large rivers, and the mining to river-bar mining, liut the fact luis
been developed that gold occui's in greater or less quantity on all the
streams, and the extent of the gold-bearing river bars already known
is, in the aggregate, almost unprecedented.
GOLD PROSPECTS OF THE FUTURE.
The prospective value of the Yukon district and the northern
part of British ('olund)ia as a mining district is great. This region
includes a length of over .')00 miles of the Cordillera belt of the west,
which, wherever it has been examined, has been found rich in min-
erals and particularly so in de])osits of preciiuis metals. The width
of this particular part of the Cordillera belt is also great, as il appears
to extend from the coast to the eastern ranges of the IJocky moun-
)17
CARIN DINING SALOON, STEAMSHIP "ROANOKE."-Interior view of ono of our
ocoan liners. This is tlic only lino that can take yon to the gold
tields witli siifoty and comfort.
28
tains in the vicinity of tlie ^fiickonzio rivor. This ])ortion of the
Cunlilk'ra iv^M<in, t<i<i('tlii'r witli that of tiu' nioii' .-outliorn i)art of
liritisli ('oliniil)ia. "iivcs an a;:<i|'c;^att' Icnirtli of hctwccn l/^UU and
l,;i(»U miles, almost cxaitlv ('(|ual to the length of the smiu- metallifer-
ous helt eontaint'd in the Tinted States, and in all prohaliilit y suseep-
tihk of an eventual mininj:' development e((ualiy as Lii'eat.
One of the most important features of the ^"nkon district is the
facilitv which the various lariic rivers conver^in;^- to form the main
stream olfer for travel and intei'conimunicatioii. 'I'he>e afford the
means for pros|)ectin<'- and exploring- the country, and the distances
to which they may respectively i»e asien<led hy hoat or canoe has not
yet. in must cases, heen determined.
THE DISCOVERIES ON THE KLONDIKE.
(iold on the Kloiulike was discovered hy (ieor^c \Vashin>:ton Car-
mack, a native Californian. He sjient three days prospecting- on
l)onanza creek, hut found nothiuii- satisfactoi'y until he reached Dis-
covi'ry claim, ahout nudway on tiie creek, where he panned out $1"*
in a vi'ry few minutes. This was .\n,!iust Ki. 1S!H;. TIr' next day he
locateti for hiin.<elf [)iscovi'ry claim and No. 1 helow. Nos. 1 and 'I
ahove were located for his two Indian associatis. hrothers of his Indi;in
wife. Carmack then joined lii> faunly at the mouth of the Klondike,
auti soon aftei- went to l-'orty Mile, where he related his ^^ood fortuni'.
'I'his was the hejiinnin^' of the Klondike, j-'orty Mile was (piickly
ahandone(l for the Klondike, as weic also the di^jiinjis ahout Circle
City. Still, the Klondike di,i:<iin^s were very dilfcreiit from those
elsewhei'c on the ^'ukon, and it was months after llonanza. I'lli'iirado
and sui'i'(»undin;i' creeks had het'n located and recorded l)efori' mui'h
faith was placed in any of them. Thi' ^'ukon miners were used to
surface ndinn^and, a< a ride, did not consider ground worth auythin*;
that did not pay fi'om the surface down. .\lonj^' tln' Klondike's trih-
utaries the surface in many places was covered hy moss and mud,
and developments have shown that the rich ;^t)ld hearin^u.- strata lie
alonji" the hed-rock, which are live to twenty feet helow the sui'face.
.Many claims weiv sold in Octoher and .\ovend)er. iSlKi. foi- as many
dollai's as they would now hrin.u' thousands. One claiui on l-lldorado
creek was located Ity a youny man who sold it a \'vw days later for ^S.").
The purchase)' never ])ut a pick into it and sold it early in .\pril. 1S!)T.
for .$;{|,(l(l(». Canadian money. Within six weeks afterward -liloU.OOU
was taken out of this claim.
Within a year after Carmack's discoveiT the Klondike had |iro-
duced over $.*),.')()(),( KM), an.d hy far the i:realei' pai't of this was taken
out hetween J)ecend)er and .lune.
YELLOW METAL EVERYWHERE.
The conntry is larjic. (lold-hearinji' ,iiravel is found on nearly
every creek, and everv man who has provisions t-nouiiii to corry him
tln'ouiih the winter is nuiun<i' on his own account. 'I'here are manv
unlucky ones, however, who can not find a pay streak for themselves
an<l these have to starve or work for a ])ittance df .$!.') a day. with
others takinu' out ijold hy the pound all around them. They are tlu'
same kind of individuals who sit all day on the pier unahle to catch a
29
puny perch, while tlieir cdiipanions haul out fine bass by the score.
Prospecting for <>()ld is a curious lottery. One man skilled in the
business and eager to make a rich strike, will carefully search over
a strip of country without finding a trace of color. Along will come
a tenderfoot, who (htesu't know gold when he sees it. lie will scratch
away in the most unlikely of ]tlaccs, to the amusement of the wise
ones and linally unearth a deposit of fabidous I'ichness.
This is as sti'augely true of the ^'ukon country to-day as it was
of California in "I!*. The fact is, gold ajipears uni'Xpcctelly in so
many varying forms that even the lie-;t experts are frecpiently de-
ceived. The richest de|)osils in th, Klondike lie next to the bed rock
and are inky blaik in color. 'Phe gravel over these contains bright
yellow, <lull yellow and reddish lined gold. These latter forms are
easily recognized, hut the black deposit is one that might be readily
overlooked were it not that word of '■: true nature has gone forth
through all the count rv.
WHERE IT ALL COMES FROM.
Where the gold in the Yukon N'alley comes from is a conun-
drum for geologists. The peculi;;i' chai'aeter of the deposit, buried
next to bed rock under many feet of nu)re recently formed earth, and
nnxed with a gravel w hicli is now found oidy far umler ground, gives
))lausil)ility to the theory that it was carried there ages ago by some
monster glacier.
If this idea is correct, the gold now being dug must have been
dug from some fabulously ricii motbei' hwie l>y the attrition of the
ice. All over that region there are undeniable marks of giacial ac-
tion. A'alleys have been hewn through rocks which date far back in
the world's formation by geological chronology. Moulders, smooth
and roundi'd by being rolled onward, under an irresistible pressure,
are found hundreds of miles away from the i^pot in which they were
originally placed by the workings of nature. The very gravel which
carries the gold is unlike any gravel to be met with above ground
and wherever the be<l rock has been uncovered it shows plain marks
of the grinding process to which it has been subjected.
Along the valleys the sides of the rocky walls are creased in a
maniu'r which, to tlu' practised oljserver, tells ])lainly of the force
that did the wonderful work. It is along the creeks now running
in thesi' glacier formed valleys that the richest gold de|)osits have been
discovered. There is no sign of volcanic action, no commingling of
the gold with other uu'tals, as is common in other parts of the world.
It is simply pure, native gold, ground off from some huge block of
the same material, fi'om a ''mother lode," as the miners call ii. Where
is tliis mother lode? Who knows? The course of the glacier was
from the m)rth. Perhaps the great source of gold supply lies in that
<lirection; |terhaps it has been entirely ground away by the glacier
and its remnants are those now being garnered by the hardy pros-
pectors of the Yukon. If the lode is still in existence, as a good many
authorities believe, the nuui who finds it wil' have wealth at his com-
mand, beside which the riches of tlie Astors and Vanderbilts will be
infinitesimal.
80
GOLD OUTPUT OF THE FUTURE.
The last reports from Alaska would indicate that north country
to have been I'asliioned when the yellow Saturn was in full evidence in
the ethei'. 'I'he account wdi chill the heai'ts of the Kastern money
clumbers, the fcni- will ste.d o\er thcui that possibly tlu' wronj; metal
was demoncti/ed; that if Ah, ska is siu'h a country that in a little
while <;'ol(l will not he worth two hits a hushel and souu' other sub-
stance will have to be made a stan<lar(l of values, lest nu-n will be
able io pay their debts, to educate their childri'U, and there will be
no cham-e to finally reduce them to serfdom. Still, we believe they
may be cond'ortt'd. in Montami from one little fiulcb. $1 l.OOd.Odii
in ])laeer ^old was taken, but all Montana was not that way. So il
will be in the far north. There will be rich deposits found here and
there, but the ine.\oral)le rule will prevail, nevertheless, and not
enoujih of both yold and siiver will he buind to serve the world's uses
in money. And yet, from the most capable authorities, we have it
stated that the valley of the Yukon will enrich the world with {xold to
the value of $:),(l()U.(»()(»,(i(M)! Wluit this prodijiious amount really
means will be jiid,iied from the ii^iires tabulated in next section.
a
rce
en
of
Id.
of
ire
as
a*.
er
)«5-
n-
je
THE WORLD'S GOLD PRODUCTION.
The jireatest ^'old ])rodueinii' countries at i)resent are the Tinted
States, Australia, 'I'ransvaal, and liussia, these four producin^f al)out
three-fourths of the total product — from one-(piarter to one-seventh
each — Wussia probably has the richest mines — those that will last the
longest and jiroduce the lar^iicst total — of those now worki'd, but they
are not "free,"" and a< the private ])roperty of the Czar very little at-
tention is ])aid t(> them. The following table shows the gold pro-
duction of the woi'ld for ]8!J(i:
United States 152,886,209
Canada 2,810,20()
Mexico «,075,108
Central America 498,450
Argentina !ta,01 5
Bolivia (;8,21 1
Brazil 2,480,400
Chili (;97,830
Colombia 3,100,500
Ecuador 78 54(!
British fJuiana 2, 5,58,099
Dutch Guiana 555,5ti8
French Guiana 2,107,058
Peru 122,945
Uruguay 144,GOO
Venezuela 814,0(i7
Australia 43,(!9G,65.'5
East Indies 92,715
Austria Hungary 1 ,834,4ti3
France 233,261
Germany 1,652,860
Italy 182,765
Norway 10,335
Russia 33,002,870
Sweden 627,996
Turkey 8,000
England 127,125
31
STEAMEU '•('. 11. HAMILTON. "-This is oiio if the cisht river boats operated by this
company. Thuy are iirst-class and up-to-date iu every particular.
82
his
China 4,«r.0.750
British India r)..S21,«00
Japan 51 1>,7')0
Korea 2Ut].7D0
Malaysia 510, 730
Transvaal n,822.37(!
All Other 1)2.715
Total $220,181 ,171
TliC riclu'st (l('|)(>sits ill ilic world, asidi' from Alil^;ka, aiv in nil
jiroluiltility in the foothills of the Andes Moiintiiiiis, Iml they i-aiuiot
be wurki'd uiulcr the iiiiniii;^- laws of South Aiiu'rii.'aii LuiiiilriL'>s.
THE WORLD'S STOCK OF GOLD.
Tlio ahovo tahk' shows that all the count rics that focau'rly pro-
duced ^old arc still doiii"^' so in incrca.-cd (|iiaiititii's, and that the four
new >ircat sources — North Anierica. Australia, South Africa ami
Russia — are all pouriiiii; out <:-old at a rapid rate.
What is the world's total stoc-k of ^'old''
All sorts of crazy estimates are iiuhIc One writer jiravely asserts
recently that the world's total stock had tx'i'ii doui)led in the last ten
yeans. Thi.s is not the case. No one knows how much >iold there is
in the world, hut hero are .some facts which l)ear upon the (juestioii:
Tlie total ^oUl coinage of the world may he stated jiretty accu-
rately at about $l,-iUU,(»( 1(1,(1(1(1.
The world's total pi'odiut from M!)",? <lowii to the present day, fol-
lowing" Soetbeer's estimate for the earlier years and mint estimates for
the later, has been rather less than $!»,(JOU,OUO,0()0, in round num-
bers, includin<f 1S!M;.
There is used in the arts annually — in j.dlding'. elect roplatin.ti" and
similar o])eratioiis which, withdraw <;()1<1 from possibility of other uses
— jirobahly not less than .$1(».(»(l(>.()()(l.
'J'he use of solid ji'old in jewelry and plate, wliile not so dii'cctly
ii withdrawal of liold from circulation, since it can be lemelted and
coined, dois expose it to j^reafer waste fivuii fi'ictioii and increased
risk of loss. This use now amounts to about $r)(>.()()(l.(>(H) a year.
Kveii coin gold loses weight constantly from trituration, not to
speak of actual loss by (ire, shipwreck and carelessness.
Anyone can amuse himself estimating the world's stock upon these
data. It is probable that the loss and waste -ince 1 !'.)■? have eipialled
in amount all the gold in existence, so that the world's picseiit stock
is certainly not more than the if!). (lOO. ()()(>, (mh) of modei'ii pr(i(luction.
.\ li'ss generous estimate niiiiht be that the aiuouiil of standard
gold in plate, bars, rings, cliains ;inil other ''(irms easily mutable with
money e(|uals the anioimt of uold coin. niakiiiLi' the world's total stock
.some $8, l(i(i,0(>(l,(tO(». i»ut this is something which no one knows.
THE HOLD IS AMERICAN.
'^^eanwllile it is consoling to retiect that while Klondike is en-
gaging the attention of the majority of those who are seeking the
Yukon, it should not ho forgotten that up to the time of the accidental
discovery of the Klondike hy an American miner, it was the mines on
the .American side of the boundary lino which wore producing; the
8 S3
f^patpst wealth. On the iipiwr creeks of Sixty-Mile and Forty-Mile
vvitliin the boiMHlaries ol' Ala.-lsa, iire jilaci r-iiiin»'s l)y the hundred,
whiMi in any other country in the world would he considered a.s for-
tunes to the lucky owners. Down tlu' river I'roni Dasvson City, 2di)
miles, is Circle City. A short |torta;i<' from the ^'ukon from this
point will lirin;^- one into the headwaters of Birch Creek. There are
dozens of tributary streams in this creek from which ^old has heen
extracted in lar^-e (j^uantities. Hundreds of claims have paid as hij^h as
.$l(t per day to eveiy man employed; ami claims which ran as low as
ail ounce, or $1(5, a day were not looked at. Far down the Yukon,
the Koyukuk, one of the most important trihutarles of the lower river,
has its mouth. On this stream, for some years past, the Jndians, work-
iuy; with (rude i-o<kei"s, made in inntation of those used by the white
men, have heen takinj; out ten to fifteen dollars a day to the man.
Last summer a, small jiai'ty of miners fr(nn Circle City went down
to prospect this river. When returninj^ miners from the Klondike
were pa.^sing down this river on the steamer they were hailed from
tlie hank hy one of this |)ai'ty who wished to send out mail. He was
told of till! ricli strikes on the Klondike, and in turn told of efjually
rich strikes made \>\ his I'art}'. 'I'here is no impr(fhid)ility about this
story, and a very short time will probably j)rove or disprove it.
Whether this ])ai'ticular story is true oi- not, it is absolutely uiKpies-
tioned that there are on the American side of the international bound-
ary thousands of claims on which <food wages can be made, and hun-
dreds are kn(n\ii which in a very few years working would yield
fortunes to their owners.
REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES SURVEYOR.
A recent report of the Cnited States Surveyors as to the boundary
line in this connection said: "Jii substance these determinations
throw the diggings at the mouth of Forty-.Mile Creek within the ter-
ritory of the I'nited States. The whole valley of this rich creek is
al.'«) within the Fnited States. Most of the gold is to the west of the
crossing of the one hundred and forty-first meridian at Forty-Mile
Creek. If we ])roduce the one bundi'cd and forty-first meridian on a
cliart, the mouth of Miller's Crei'k, a tributary of Sixty-Mile Creek,
and a valuable gold region, is five miles in a direct line, or seven nnles,
according to the winding of the stream, all within the territory of the
Cidted States. In sid)stance, the only places in the Yukon region
wher(! gold in (juantity has been found are all to the west of the
boundary line between Canada and the Fnited States."
"'J'he gold," said (Jeneral Duirield, Sui)erintendent of the United
States Coast and (leodetic Survey, in discussing tlic question, "has
l)een ground out of tlie (piailz by the piessure of the glaciers which
lie ami nu)ve along the t'ourses of the streams, exerting a tremendous
])ressure. The force is pr(\><ent to a more ajvpreciable extent in Alaska
tluin clsewliere. and T believe tluit, as a consequence, more placer gold
will be found in that region than in any other part of the world."
General Dufheld thinks the American side hunters have made the
mistake of prospecting the large streams instead of the small ones.
"When gold is precipitated," he said, "it sinks. It does not float far
down stream. It is therefore to be looked for along the small creeks
34
ions
ter-
ik is
tlie
Mile
)n a
lilos.
tlu'
and about llio luNnhvatcrs ol' llie larger trihiitariw ol' tlu' Yukon.
'J'liiTt' is no ivason why as rich \\\u\t> u\ny not ht.' nuidu on tho Aiut'riniD
side of till! line as in the Klondike icgions."
Again, it must ho rcnicnilicrtMl tli;il the value ol" a placer claim
depends to a great extent on the nundtcr of men who can protitidtly
1)0 put to work upon it. I'he gross t.ix levied hy the Canadian (iov-
ernment upon the products ol' the {'an,i<lian placers will render it
unprolitahle to employ upon any except the richest of the mines.
DIFFICULTIES ON THE CANADA 5iDE.
l"'or cxiimple, a claim which jiaid twenty dolhirs per day to the
man would pnKluce, worked hy one man, enough to render its owner
liahle to the twenty per cent pi'ualty. l''oi- every man he cniploved
he would he compelled to pay the goNci'ument one hundred and I'our
dollars, monthly tax, in iulditinn to wages. With wages at lit'teen
dollars a day. tlie net result to the owner i>\' a Canadian claim paying
twenty dollars a day to the num W(ndd be just ten dollars; in otlier
W il-H A Kirk. Photo, Seattle, WoBb.
Wi'lcomn to tli« N. A. 'r. A: 1". ('u.'y^ tin- ^iciimir lliiit bronKlit tlm iimvw and tile lirst lar^e
ruiisixniiii'tit ol '^dld troiii tin- Klondike,
words, the claini would he un])rofltable to woi'k. except alone and
single-handed, until at least wages reach a very low level. On the
.American side of the line claims of the same class, at tho same rate of
wages, wcndd net to the owner $1:50 a month for every man employed.
Claims prtMlucing less tlian twenty dollars a day on tho Canadian
side of the line will he practically valneless for many years to come.
Not only this, Imt in other res])ects tho .\inencan mining laws are
more liheral. Tn Northwest Territory claims are limit(Hl to 250 feet
in length. . A miner's license fee is $10, and entering claim $15, and
86
after that a fee on $100 a yoar. Xcithcr lias the miner any vwtcil
inlcrc'st ill the iiiiiie. I Ic .'-iiiii»l_) lias a liceii.-e rruin llu' j;()veriiiiu'iu
wliicli is ;iito(| hut lor oiu' ycai'. Alter llie year runs on it will have
to be renewed. In the nieantiine adilitioiial restrictions siicli as those
recently ini|)(hsc(l may he put on at any time. The royalty may he
doiihled, or the license I'ec raided t(» live hundred dollai's a month, in
particularly rich districts. 'I'here is al.solutely n(» si'cnrity for ca|iital
or lahor invested in any placer mining,' proposition in the .Northwest
'I'erritory for any lon^i-r period of time than one year Ifoni the date
of thu original location.
AMERICAN SIDE ALL RIQHT.
On the .Vniei'icaii side ol' the line the general mining laws of the
I'nited States are in force. These permit the entry of twenty acres
of lami except in cases wlieic the miners id' a district. Ity adt)pt'on of
local regulations of their own, limit the amount of the claim. The
only expense (U' ta.\ coniU'cted with it is llu' [layment of a recording
fee, the amount li.xed hy the miiu'i's themselves, to the lecoriler of a
district, elected hy themselves. Subject to further local regiilatit)ns
prescribed by the miners of i district, a man's right to a claim attaches
the instant he liles. and no law of the I'nited States could ever he
passe<l to divest him oi that right, or to impose fui'ther restrictions
up(Hi him than were contained in the law at tlu- time he filed. Should
he desire to do so, he can. after expending live hundred dollars worth
of work ju a claim, have it surveyed and can receive a jiateiit from the
I'nited States to it. \o liceiisi' fees are extorted fiuMii him; the claim
is his. and no royalty is or ever can he imposed upon the gold which he
takes out.
It would seem cleai- that in the present rush t() the Yukon gold
fields, men who really desire to accpiire placer mining pntperty for
their own use and benefit, and not for tlie benefit of the ('anadian
government, will exercise a wise discri'tion if they confine their pros-
pecting and locating to tf.e .\merican si<le of the international bound-
ary, where there are placers rich enough to satisfy any moderate
ambition, and where there may he new Klondikes discovered any day
which will rival or sui']>ass the discoveries made in the .\'ort invest ter-
ritories last year. On a later pagi' we shal; i:'ve details of the nature
of the placer mines, the modes of working ;nid the laws and customs
that particularly affect the miner.
HOW TO REACH THE GOLD FIELDS.
Tt will be seen h\ a glance at the ma|) that Seattle is clearly
the gateway to the Alaskan country, as it is also an admirable
place for miners and olhei's to |)roc.ure their necessary outfit. Taking
this as a starting point, then, or else the neighboring city of Tacoma,
there are two main routes for getting to tin- Klondike gold ri'gion.
One is the "all water" route from Seattle to St. Michaels' and theiu-e
up the ^ iikon river, by the steamers ot the North .\merican Trans-
portation and Trading Co.. as enunieratcMl in a previous section. The
other is the "inside water pas.sage," for which steamers also leave
Seattle, and which is along that chain of gulfs, bays and straits ex-
tending from Seattle to Wrangel, Juneau, l)yea and Skagway, Alaska.
86
iiul-
rate
(lay
tcr-
liirt'
arlv
)11KI,
IMU'I'
•ans-
'VhQ
eave
I)lNIN(i SALOON, STKAMliR '•(". H. HAMILTON.
37
The time r('(|iiir('(l is t'l-oiii Htiir to six davs rroiii Soatllo tu Dyci. aiid
various trails aiul jtasscs lead ai-rciss the divide tu tlio l)(.'ud\vaiL'i\s ul'
tlic Yukon rivoi', a.< indicated on the ma]). It is proper to slate here
what tiu'se passes are and the perils they imply to the traveler as com-
pared with the sale and ])h\;s!int "ail water" I'oiite.
THE VARIOUS HILL PASSES.
'Die trail which has been lonjicst in use is that over Cliilkoot Psk.^
from iKea to Lake l.in<lcman. distance v'S miles, and in places >ery
sti'cj), reachinj; an elevation of neai'ly .'!, .")(»() I'eet, recpiirinj;' packin*;" by
men and Indians over llii divide, pack trains nf hoiscs liein;; used on
other p(M'tions of the trail, or, if in early >prinj:', do<:s ami sleds are
found most c(.,ivcnieiit. The White Pass, finm Ska.iiway to the lakes,
a distance of I'-i miles, is soimwhat lowei', and jiack ti'ains make the
entire distance, hut the experiences of thousands during the rush of
1S!)| have made its ditlicnlties well known. The Taku trail from
.luneau has its adherents, hut docs not appi'ar to he attcmj)ted hy
the nn'ners in any ^Mvat numhers.
Over the ( 'hilka* Pass and I Jalton t rail several hands of cattle have
heen taken to the ^'ukon country. While a lon;^' liaii overland, it is
slid to lia\e some adxaiitai^cs. particularly for sumniei' crossinj;-,
alfoi'din^' fec<l for the (attic and horses while en route. Put no pos-
sible considi'ration in favor of eilher of these passes can blind us to
their <i-enei'al dan-icrs and dillicultics, on which somi' authentic state-
ments are uuw submitted.
CLIMBING OVER Til^ CHILKOOT.
Tlie real work of clinil)in;^' (T.ilkoot Pass hc;:ins about a lialf
n'iie from the summit. f(U' conipa.'isoii. the nearest approach to it is
climbing' a ladder a thousand feet hiizh. but tin- fails to convi'y the
dilliciilties of the ascent, for the fnolhold. whether in the snow or
amou;^' the rocks, is slipp"i'y and insecure. There is a choice of two
routes on the steepest (limb, die one to the ri,i;ht : ide of the ,u(U';^"e
bein^" alon^' the Slide rock, while the other is almost perpendicular
over a field of snow. .\ misstep in cither place would ])robablv re.-nlt
fatally.
AMENITIES OF THE WHITE PASS.
^Fr. .\1. I'i. Johnson, one of the Packard pai'iy, has Just re-
turned from a trip lookiii<:' over both the Ska^way and the I )yea
routes, lie went in over the White l'a>s and returned by Cliilkoot
Pass. lie informed us that ."■)(» m-, n wei'c encamped at Lake Peii-
nett ami "-iOO at Lake Lindeman. Px'cf at the lake was sellinji' at
To cents and other provisions in jiroport ion. Poats were selling' all
the way from -^IdO to •$(;.')(>. .\t least •i,<Ml() men, he thoii.iiht. were
then upon the trails and about l.SOO pack animals. Out of the '-i.OiU)
men lie tliou;^lit 'ilxuil 'i I'cr cent of them would succeed in udtinji;
over to the lake-^. The Dyi'a is fair for tliose that have the casli.
The bridp' in the canyon collects .$1 toll on an animal, and invests a
^'ood part of it ii. corduroy on tlu' trail. The ordinary rate I'm' pack-
ing- is IS cents. I)ut varies to .'i(> and '>'i cents during' a rush: a( ross
liie divide from JScako to C'raler Lake, a distance of uuc and a half
D8
milos, the rate in S {-(Mits, hciii^' latcd ])\ tlu' poiiml on hotli tniilf;.
Tliore is no I'ot'cl and stock is starving'. .Maiiv of llu- iiiint'i's an- cut-
ting down tlic'ir supplies and nw ]>usliini:' alon^ with li;;lir'r outlits.
The Skagway trail is almost iinpassahle, l)lockadcs flclaying tin- j»ack
trains for hours at a time. It took IVom I'our and a hail' to live days
to make the trip from the ])each to the lakt's with an ordinary load.
On an average the mud was two i'et't deep, and in places clear out of
sight. Over the divide it was all a mea<low country, the hogs ap-
parently liaving no hottoiis. Across it there was no coi'duroy. and
only a lew pieces of ]mncl '^nn on sticks, standing on edges and ends,
marked "no trail." Scattered along this rou'e were rr<»in (•(•<) to T(><)
dead pack animals, forty carcasses lying in one canyon \')0 yards long.
The river i)ack train at Skagway was doing nothing.
VERY RISKY TRAVELING.
(Joing over tlie ])asses to the "^'idvoii count I'y. during the winter
season in j)articular, is no hoy's |»lay. The nndwinter journey ol' KOO
milos on snow shoes over the snowy mountains and down the frozen
wastes of the Yukon \'al'ey, when for hundreds of miles you will not
nee a sign of human hal)itation, or the smoke from a single (amp-lire
save your own. The drea.i silence of those vast solitu<lr> lirndy locki'd
in in the cold emhrace of Arctic wintei'. will echo no voices save yours;
the barking of your dogs will awake no answer e\ce|)t llerce howling
of Avolves. And so one day will snccccd another, I'ach new horizon
compassing a world of now and ice so like the otiier that none hut
an experienced eye can tell of a<lvance.
GONF BROKE IN THE PASSES.
"IIow are things up at Dyea?" was ask-'d of n icturning miner on
the .«teamer 'llder.
"Well, not many will get over this fall: already heavy I'aiii storms
and high winds an- prevalent on tln' summit; hundreds are there
with their outlits who have no money to pay for |)acking. 'I'hose v, ho
have money are so anxious to get ovei' ihey aic oll'ering all their
purses will stand. Our man wlio had l.tMMi pounds olTered .$].()()(i
for ])acking, whuii means •■t^l a pound. This di>counts the Ciissiar ex-
citement, when To cen.ts pi'i' pound was the highest liguic oll'ercfl for
packing.
"As I was lU'aking a return ti'ip from the summit 1 stepjx'd iido
the tent of a man whom I had hecomc ;i((|nainted with on the ii'ail.
He is a large man. f.w six feet tall, lie was .-tretihcd (uit on his
hlankets, fatigued .ind worn, with outwai'd signs of physical .-ull'ering
from the ell'ecls of the hai'd paik iig he had ali'eady done. The tears
streamed down the big fellow's swollen ( lieek>. hike many others
there his spirits were hrokeii nm! he had givcii up the struggle. I
asked him to cheer up, hut he only answered in ii melancholy voice,
saying he luid mortg-!ged *his all" .mil left his wile aiul little ones
in I'orJand in the hope of reaching the golden Klondike, lie was
broke and could not pack his outfit any farther. I left the tent in a
less hapjiy frame of mind than when 1 entered, hut I could not help
him for I was hrok<' myself and had to come liack to duneau."
Xot onlv have there been nuinv siuli experiences a- this, but t';ere
.^0
■mv^Mnana
mam
(
i « 1
1
^ -S ' :
1
cT ns
1
c a
'J
1 "
hL'
,.»'-^'
i 1 ^
i^
v"'"':
**-./'
1 s
-^
>,.k
5 2
^•-^
>:J
tx ■*■
"^ S. '*
■a «r
S. 1
rH
1 ^ .
•' iT ^
_■:«[.•
c — ^
^^
IBM
k.
-. *
mm
r'
^ i
to
X!
1
c
u
H
s>
§
1
m
a>
!H
H
1
<!
&-
.'>«
%
1 ^1
1 ^'
1 SI
W i
1 ^i
i
«-as aftiir'il lass ftf life (liiriii<: tlic nisli of lS!t^. of wliicli tin.' full and
(listR'ssiiig details will probahly novt-r lie kiiowii.
ANOTHER SCRAP OF EVIDENCE.
The followinfr letter nceived froii! I-]. ('. Carter of C'liicafrn, wlio
was making the trip to DawscMi ("itv over Cliilkoot I'ass, was wi-itteii
at Lake Liiide:;!;'.:! Se|)t. Kith last:
■'We wasteil about eight davs ou the White Pass and then ga\e it
up. .\ot more than live out of oiu' hundred will gel tlii-ough on the
While Pass, 'i'his one is ijOO feet higher, and one taking it will
wish he had taken the other. 'I'he |irice of packing is Id cents a
pound from 'i'alya (Ih'ea) to here. We liiicd a hoatliuildci' to help us
on t!ie hoat at -Yl") a day and hoard. IWans are selling at (i.") cents
pel' pound. .\ hoat suitahle to go down the ^ ukon sells for from
$;i(»0 to $.")()(». W(. spent one day getting logs, and have heeii making
lundier since with a shi|)saw.
"'riiere ,ire no Indians packing on the White Pass. Tin.-, t he ( hil-
koot, is full id' them. This camp looks like a ship yard. I'roui thi'ee
to ten hfKits go out eveiT <lay. There are no houses here, all tenls. I
think thei'e are ahout ')(•() persons here yet huilding boats. Taking
everything into consideration, it is cheaper, and very much hard
work is i.'.oidcd by going around by St. MiehaeTs, and the proper lime
to go is in the spring."
CALLS HIMSELF A CRAZY FOOL.
Frank TluMiias, who left I'lymouth. Imh. to trv his luck in the
Klondike, writes iionie of the hardshi|)s of the White I'ass trail as
follows: "Skagway, Alaska, Ang. 2\), ]s;)T.— 1 am a few days older
than when 1 left l'ortlan<l. ami a gri'at (k'al wi>er. 1 ha\e been wm-k-
ing like a slave since I came here trying to get over the trail and am
not over yet. and, furt hennore, do not thiid\ 1 will be in time to get
d,own the ^'ukon this wint(-r. We had three horses ami a n.ule. Since
! e;!nie in we havi' lo.-t the mule, and (Uie horse on tlu' accursed trail.
"^1'' "IV have been hundreds of liorse> killed here. This i> what is
'■n'.\vn as the Skagway, <u' White Pa-s trail. The <listance from >alt
V, .; \ 1' to Lake Pennett is said to be thirty-eight ndles. but one
.'■cni' I think it 'MH). This is the mo>t discouraging work
i ever did, but my money is in the outlit and I am
going to slay by n i;:'ub and get as fai as 1 can, and t it and
get to L,d\e Pennett n • nter, and be ready to go down in the -pring.
"We have enough gi'ub I'oi' this winti:' and stdl have plenty left in the
spring, 'i'hei'e are thousands of people here who are liguring on
the sanu' thing. I suppose the<e ').{)iH) people hei'e are trying to
get over. They are all ina(' ami crazy, just like us. Of all this iium-
h 'r of men w ho are here and the t lemsands w ho are conung. pi'obably
n'.: more than a W'w hundred will get over this fall. I am not the
on!'' cra/.y fool — there are many others. Many are turning back, sell-
ing tlu'ir oe.lfils loi' what they can get and getting out of the country
as fast as they possibly can. Tomorrow there will \>v a thousand or
more hnrsos on the trail, mud helly deep. We liaxc m(' t n\' our stulf
jihoiit two-thirds of the way to tlu' -unimit. I think if we can got
it over the summit before it winters uj) we can sled it down to the
41
!■■
lake on the snow. 'I'licre is timber at Lake IJennett and we oan build
a (ral)in and winter nicrlj tiiere. Then we will have plenty of time
to build a boat and i^et everytliing ready to sail down the lakes and
the rivers in the spring, as soon as the ice goes out. J am undoubtedly
a crazy fool for being here in this (Jo(!-i'orsa:cen country, but I have
the con.Nolation of seeing thousands of otlior men, from all stages of
life — rich and poor, wise and foolish — here in tlie same plight as 1.
"If 1 could have kiu)WJi the circumstances when I started 1 could
have l)cen in Dawscni now, l)ut 1 ccudd not (ind out anything and had
to learn it l)y iiard experience. There is a town starting iu'rc. Two
men came over from the ^'ukon and they say that the half has never
been told about ihe (jiiantity of gold there. IJut they say there is sure
to be a shortage in gi'ub there Ibis winter. If it had not been for tluit
1 wouhl have gone on in with a few hundred })()unds and depended
on buying it there. I'.ul all repoi'ts are to the eil'ect that there will
be starvation there this win'e'- and 1 do not care to take mv chances
WiUe & Kirk Photo, Seattle, Wash,
A typical scene iit Seattlo, at tlie water front.
witluuit supplies. I nm going to stay by my supplies this winter and
if there is gold on the Vnkon I will stand as good a chance of getting
some in the spring as now, as one can't prospect tlicre in the winter.
If we get to the lakes this fall we will have the whole of next summei-
to prospect in. while if we wait till the s|)ring to start we would
occupv half of the summer in yetting there. If we <ret our «j;oods to
the lakes, aiul in good store, part of our pai'ty can come out to Skag-
way or .hineau and work this winter. It rains here nearly every day.
wb'cli makes the trail l)ad and damages our goods which we have
worked so cussed hard to pack over the mountains."
42
ABOUT THE ALL WATER ROUTE.
It may Iw coiiiIikUmI, ilicrfiorc. tluit uiilil siuli time ii.s ;;f»()(l roads
lire built across the passes to the lakes at ilie liea(h\aters of I lie Yukon,
or, indeed, until a I'ailroad is built into the e(tuntry, b_v lon^^ odils the
most cond'ortabb . and in the lon;^' run the clieaix'st roiiti' into the u'old
iiebls of the Klondike and tlnisi- on the dtliei' various tribiitaiMes nf
the Yukon, is b_v the way of the iiiDUth (if the \'ukon. and by river
steauuMv u\) from that |ioint. l-iv 'U at the |tresent this tiM|> can i)e
made cheaply and at a nnniniuni of discoinrort. It is neither hmj:.
more ar<iU''Uis nor more expensive than was the V(iya;:;e from New
York to San l-'rancisco by the way of tl, • Isthniii.-. and before the
railroad ei'a. 'I'he hardships, dillicultics and dan;:ci',; of the trip into
the new <rold tlelds, so often des^rilied, apply solely to the overland
r<uite. 'riie all-water rcile i.s liy ocean steam-hips from Scjittle to
St. Michaers; thence oy ri\cr boat up to Cii'cle City. Dawson City, or,
in fact, to any I'iver point. Tlie Noith .\nierican Transportation
and 'Tradiiifi' ('onipany, which ha> its head ollice- in ('lii(aL;i>, ha-
developed this route and has now improved its t ranspmiation facili-
ties to the point, that even delicate women who de.-irc to lake a bi'icf
;jrlimpse (d' the wonderful lib' (d' a new and iiiicommoidy I'ich nnnini:'
caiiip, can niiike a summer excursion to the Kioinlikc ami relui'ii. all
the time enjoviii"' all the cond'orts which can be had on anv steamci'.
id
M".
11 er
lid
I to
Ivc
THE OCEAN AND RIVER STEAMERS.
Tlie North Ame'-iciin 'rran>portation and Tradin.u' Company has
at present four ocea;* steameis plyin;^' between Seattle and St.
.Michael'.s — the J^>anoke, with a pas-eni^cr capacity of Toil. ;ini| three
others that carry freiy-jit only. \\ St. MichaiTs these steamships
connect witli the river boats of the compan' , a ileet of ei.nht lar,L:c
stern-wheel steamei's. the 1*. I>. W'eare. the .1. .i. Ilealy. John Cudahy.
'I\ C. I'o'wers, d C. liari', Klondike, and the Charles II. Hamilton.
'i'lu! latter b)ur are lit-") feel lom:-. 'A'i feel beam, electric lii^lited. ;ind
have a rciiislered tonnage of KtMiii. They are eijuippcd with powerful
machinery, and can make iheli'ip to Dawson City a,i:ainst the sti-on;^'
Yukon currents in about twelve days. 'I'he other I'ivci- hoat> ai'c but
sli<rhtly inferior. These river boats were built at Seattle ship-yards,
sent north in sections ami put to,ir<'ther at St. M'cIukTs, the Weare
launched in 1S!>'.\ the Ilealy in IS!).') jiiid the Hamilton in .\u,L;ust.
1<S!)T. Nor is this all. l-'oreseeini:- the I'usli, the ,-amc company lia-
let tlu- contract in Seattle foi- >ix moi-e boats, bmr tlie same -i/e a>
the Hamilton, oni' somewhat smaller and the>ixtli.a powci'ful river
tu<i;boat. to tow bar;ies laden with freiiiht up the river.
OUR CLAIMS FOR THE SERVICE.
8n far as this ocean and river voyaiie is concerned, ami riirhtly
v'ompariufX it to the danizers of the mountain pas<e> (ui the inner
passajre, the North American Tian.-portation and Tradirur Co. feels
warranted in repeatiui!' the statemeid put forth in it.> sailing li.-ts.
It is aduutted by all tluit the mountain ]>a.<ses form a most tryin^r
journey, while "in contrast to thi.- we now olTer the public the benefit
of our new and elcLi'nid -temier .-cr\ice. whereby they can take a
43
largj' and ((Miifnrtnhlc first-cla*is pa*>seTi_tlc'r steamer at eitlier Tacniiia
or Seattle aiu! >i(» direct to the mines, reaehiny there in ample time
for tlie season's \vori<, an<l thus avoidin;.' a h)nj.'' and (hmj^eroiis trip,
and at a niiuii !l•.•<^ expense tlian tlie old way. It is our aim to give
the public the henelit of oiir experience in the ^'ukon. and to pro-
vide for them llu' safest, cheapest and hest I'oiite possible on fast
l)?ssenger steamers to what we know is the richest country in the
world. We would advise miners and piospeetors to take our llrst
i)oat in .June, so as to ;;rrive at the mines in time for a ii'ood season's
work. On arriving there you will find lai'ge an<l complete stores.
su|)j)lied with everything riMpiired. l)<)th lU'cessilies and luxuries, at
reasonable prices. W'itli our increased tra.ns|)ortation facilities we
ea.n su|)p!y the country with everything needed aiul tliere is no more
danger of starvation."
THE OCEAN VOYAGE.
The ocean trip is. in fact, thoroughly enjoyable, even \o tlie
mere tourist who seek- these latitudes simi)ly for health or
pleasure. After leaving Seattle the well-ap|)oinled steamer piocee<ls
up I'uget Sound, passes I'ort 'i'ownsend and out through the Straits
of San .luan de Kuca to the Pacific Ocean. From there on the voyage
is an uninterru|)ted run of "'.Odd miles to the first stop, which is at
the island of I'nalaska in the Aleutian Islands, the chain that serves
as a fence jiost ^o leering Sea. and almost forms a land-crossing from
this continent to that of Asia.
THE STOP AT DUTCH HARBOR.
Within the harbor of T'nnlaska is an island, with a crescent
bay which, is called Dutch Harbor, and here it is the steamer
actually casts anchor. I)utch llarlKvr is a coaling station and supply
point for naval vessels and for the Px-ring Sea fleet (d' whalers antl
sealers. It is also the head(juarters of the company that owns the
sealing ])rivilege of the Priljyloff Islands, and accordingly it ])os-
sosses so nuiny facilities that it is here the Xorth .\merican Trans-
portation and 'Prading Co. conducts the building and re|)airing of its
vessels and maintains a great vvarehouse and other establishments.
Back of the little island that forms Dtdch llarlxu' is another curved
'beach, where may be seen the line of white-painted houses that
constitute the port of Unalaska.
ST. MICHAEL'S ISLAND.
After this panse at Dutch Harbor the steamers proceed on their
way north through liering Sea. ])ast the seal islands of St. George
and St. Paul, and up through Norton Sound to Fort (let There on
St. Michael's Island. Tliis is the great dejmt for the Yukon country
and the point of transfer to the rivpr steamers. Here, again, the
North American Transportation and Trading C"o. has vast stores and
warehouses, and at the present time this is the sojourning place of
all who are bound either in or out of the Yukon Valley. St. Michael's
Island is about sixlv miles north of the actual mouth of the Yukon.
44
DISTANCES ON THE ROUTE.
'I'lu' translVr to the li<ihl-(lnirt river stoamors is imado at St.
^Ijcliacrs Isiiuul [)nwiij)tly and t'(Uiii'(irtal)ly, and now Ironi another
standpoint ilic travt-ler may review the lenglli of the stages before
iiini.
Tile distance I'loni Seattli' to ')i'.\vson. via Chilkoot or White
Pass is IjToU miles. Tlie <listance fi-oni Seattle to Dawson, via the
North American Traiisportatiwii and Trading Co. all-water route is
4,lo^ nnles, as folJows:
Seattle to Dutch Harbor 1,800
Dutch Harbor to Fort (Jet There, St. Micliiiel's Island 700
St. Michael's to Hamilton's Landing 650
Hamilton's I^anding to Wearc 247
Weare to Circle City 493
Circle City to Boundary Line 170
Boundary Line to Fort Cudahy 40
Fort Cudahy to Dawson City 52
Total 4.152
The al)ove measurements were made l)y ('a|)t. .1. ( '. Harr of the
Xortii American 'I'ransportation and 'I'rading Co., and approved by
William Ogilvie, Dominion Land Surveyor.
ON THE GREAT GOLDEN RIVER.
We are now on the mighty Yukon Kiver. which crosses Alaska
from east to west and empties into the Pacilic a little south of
Wilse & Kirk, Photo, Seutlle, Wunh.
The North American Transportation and Trading Company's steamer leaving Seattle,
VVasli., for St. r.Iichaels.
Bering Strait. The source of the river is in Hriti.<h territory, 200 or
300 miles south of the noint where the stream crooks away westward
45
IBHaP!
into Alaska. Tn faot, il may bo said to ilrain vcrv nearly the same
rnomitaiu slopes iis ihc l^'rascr, Coliiiiiliiii. I'cacc. and Stickinc. It
was natural, tluTct'oiT, to i-Npcci tliat ,i:<tld uoidd he found alonjf
the main channel of the ^'ukon or .-onie of its Iriliularics. Kx-
plorers wvw sent out from two bases. One set went u|i the river from
its mouth, traversin<i- the whole of .\laska from the west to east; and
another pushed up fi'oni the south, from the vicinity of Juneau,
throui^h t'hilkat I'ass. 'I'he .North .\merican 'J'ransportation and
Tradinji' Company estal)lished its trading- stations near the source
of the river over six yeai's a<;'o. Most (d' the prospe<'tinL!; has been
done either between this locality and the point where the river
cro.^se<l into .\laska, or within the liist !'••) uiiles over the line.
Fine jiold dust, however, in small (piantities, was fouiul at the
mouth of the I'orcupine Kiver. a sti'cam that joins the Yukon about
100 miles west of the boundaiT, and also near the mouth of Korty-
Mile Creek, most of w hosi' course lies in .\laska. but which crosses
into liritish territory before eniptyiii;^' into the bi,i; river. Fort
Cudahy is situated here, and Cii'cle City, where there were other
nimin<>- camps, is ahout •^*)0 nnles further down stream, and at all of
these points it is now found that evi'ry creek and tribntai'y yields
a retnrn to the uold-seeker only varyin;,^ in richiu'ss wi(h the. dili-
gence of his search.
PUSHING UP THE STREAM.
As you proceed up the river vou see innumerable Indian villages
and small settlements iidialiited by traders, missictiiai ies and Imlians,
all of interest to the traveler. 'I'he first two or three hundred nules
is through low, ilat country, after which the mountainous country
is reached, and the constant change of magnificent scenery i.^ beyond
descri])tion.
.\t old lM)rt Yukon, which Is inside of the Arctic Circle, you see
during the months of dune and duly the sun twenty-four hours with-
out a break, and all aloug the river during these months oiu' can
read a ])aper at any time during the day (jr night without a lam|). It
is continuous daylight dui'ing this lime.
After le;iving liei'e the next point of interest is Cinde City, the
metropolis of the ^'ukon country. Here you find a large frontier
town, the houses all built of logs, and \vhile they have no pretensions
to I)eauty, they are warm and comf'.-rtable. Circle City has a popu-
lation of nearly •i,()00 people, an'! some of the best placer mines yet
discovered below the Klondike ,'egioii.
SEEING THE HIDNIGHT SUN.
It is nt Circle City, on this trip, that the traveler is first close
to the Arctic Cii-cle, and a glimpse of life at that point cannot fail
to be interesting. A newspaper correspondent writing from Circle
City, under date of dune •^Ith. when da.ys with us are longest, thus
(■ 'scribes the nudnight sun: "'rhe mi<jnight <un is here, and it i.'?
' .ceedingly generous of him, for Cir(de City is m)W commonly con-
sidered to be about thirty miles .south of the Arctic Circle. "Evers'
party of surveyors has its own latitude for this place, one party even
aflirming it to be north of the circle. Some time this question will
46
1)0. (It'tinitoly settlfd. and until it is, sntTlco it to say tliat our day-
St'l'
■it Il-
ea 11
It
tlu>
itier
Isioiis
opu-
vc-l
:'loso
fail
[irclc
thus
it is
con-
tven'
leven
ki
ng lias not *si't now for at least oi,i;lit days, or, il' we are so tar
south of the eirele, this 'relleetioii of the sun,' as sonu' scientist?
claim it to he, could not he inoi'e than the oriiiinal.
"At Vt. Y'ukon, ahout thirty miles north of the circle, the sun does
not fail to rise durinji' the shortest winter days, the ninu'r rim juist
showin*,' itself, as it skirts alonj;- the horizon for a distance just
ahout as it looks now here. As at Ft. Yukon it should not sliow
itself at all for a few days*, in the same way that it should disappear
entirely here for a few minutes, hotli are prohalily due to retlection.
"1 am not sorry that -iicli is the case, for it is a heautiful >i,nht.
Jt was first noticed on the nijiht of ,hine Kth, that it did not set,
though had one watched it for a k'w nijihts previous to this date the
same eiVect mi"ht have heen ohserved. it was al?
so watch I'd by
dif-
!ei
\v
ill
ent parties on the niiihts of June 19, :^1 and 22. At 10 p. m.
the sun is ap[>arently nearly one hour hi,nh in the northwest; it looks
as though it would sink and set right tliere; hut no, he slides along
towards the north, slowly drawing nearer to the earth, until finally
his lowei' rim appears to touch it.
A VERY BEAUTIFUL SIGHT.
"During tin? time the sky has ))cen showing all tiic shades of
red, pink and oi-ange^ until now it shows a hrilliant red all along
the iKM'thern horizon, th.e sun himself looking like a hall of lire.
Down he goes, until only half the hall shows, then disaf«pears alto-
gether hehind the tall trees. The watcher hurriedly riuis up a ladder
to the roof of a house ten or lifteen feet ahove the ground aiul from
there watches the upper fourth of the fiery orb as it swings steadily
along the northeiMi horizon for sonu' distance, distinctly visible all
the time, until it slowly rises amid more brilliant ell'eets of coloring
than when it had first touched the iiorizon oiie and one-half hours
before.
"All this time the moon, large. ])ale and frightened looking, was
rising in the "I'.st, but she could iidt hold her own against this rising
splendor, lint she fully retaliates. f(>r it is in the long winter nights,
when she gets in her work. l'"rom S p. ui. to 1 a. m. the su^n shines
in through the north wiud«)w of my up-slaii's room.
'"There has been no real dai'kness since May 1st. On that date the
ladies went out on a 'May-day snowshoe party' — this may sound
rather odd to some renders — and as the snow was in tine condition,
they reported having a, good time.
"Xow no one would think of snow, for it often registers ov(>r iM)
degrees in the sun; hills and ti'ecs are clothed in l)right green;
songless birds are Hitting al)out; wild flowers, including roses, arc
growing in profusion, and tlu' greatest drawback to the developnuMit
of this country — mos(piiloes — are in full force. Ik'fore the snow is
fairly off the ground they come; big. lazy fellows, making much noise,
but getting in little real work.
"Before long, another ero]) comes, almost too little to see, too cpiiet
to hear, too active to catch, hut how they do sting, keeping one's
hands, face and neck covered with itching, burning lumps and sores.
One hardly dares to venture out of doors without first i)utting on
47
48
" 2
a ■
60
ti
:l
14
- ■>.
1 '
7.
•/
thick buck>l<in "ilovcs mikI .i si:tk iikuU; (if lu'tting over hat, heiul and
neck; hiit tlu'V \y\\\ work their \\i\y thrt)ii;:li ii('ttiii<i-, even iiiii' wire
sfivoiiiii^-, chi't'SL't'lntii hc'iii:^- tlu' only tliiiij: thai will cutiivly ox-
iludo tht'in.
SMOKE OR MOSQUITOES.
"In tht! houses one niu.-t choose iiis alternative of heinjf driven
(Hit hy smoke or nioscjuitoes. in the Itrusli ihey an- inui'h worse than
in town; one man jnst in liom the mines say.s that wlien on the trail
they would settle so thick (tn his lU'ttiii^' that he could hardly see
where he was j^-oinji'. J don't wonder that they sometimes drive men
hair crazy. This sprinii' the ^'ukon liiver was somewhat late in break-
ing up. Thouiih the ice lirst started lo run on .May Hi, it was ten
days het'oi'e the steandtoals could run. The hreakiiiji up <lisa|)j)oiiited
everybody, it came so (piictly and orderly, '{"here was no sudden ris(;
of the water: no "immense ice masses and berps' came rushintj down
to pile up in the i)emls "mcuintain hiph." etc. 'i'he steamboat V. li.
Weare. which was wintered here, was pushod up by the ico on an
island and left there hiph and dry, whore a pang of men worked
until .hdy 1 before they could pet -her off and into the water.''
THE DOQS OF ALASKA.
At any of tlic-e river stations we may meet some of the native
dops. whicli are thus described by Mi'. ('. H. Hamilton from his ex-
periences on u winter sleiph-jouiuey. A Siwash dup, he says, is the
foulest, meanest, laziest and most profanity-provoking auinud 1 ever
met. and 1 suppose that it is the nu)st abused aiumal that comes
under the white man's lash, in .Maska these <lops answer the pur-
pose of the horse in America. l)einp u.^-ed both for packing and for
luiuling. A good dog was worth .$i.-)(> when we left Circle City, and
almost anything that had four legs brought not less than $?."). I
have seen white men beat their <logs so unmercifully that one had
to interfere. A heavy whip or a big stick satislies the <lriver for a
tinu', but when on much of a trip a chain seems to fit their needs
better. When a dog is beaten over the body and lu-ad with a chain
it i.s pretty brutal, and many a dog ha.s had ril)s and legs broken and
eyes knocked out. Strange to say, however the white man as a rule
is intelligent enough to provide for his dogs, even though he beats
them more unmercifully than do the natives.
.Anniiul an Indian village the <logs subsist almost entirely on
refuse, as the natives at all times arc either t<!o hard up ',; too in-
different to give their dogs any food that a humjui Ixii;' can eat.
They vvill hitcli up a. team and stai't out for a journey with dogs
looking so thin and weak that one doubts their ability to go five miles.
If he follows them a day. however, he will be nughtily tire<l at night.
Talk of the lives of a cat. They are not to he considered in the same
instant with the tenacity with which a Swiash df>g hangs to life.
Without exaggeration, I have seen an Indian start out with a team of
dogs and travel eighty nules in three days. ;in<l there was not a dog
hut had to lean against a building to howl, so thin and weak were
they. With all their filthiness and meanness they are. as a ruio, hard
workers and faithful. When they once understand that the driver
is going to do the driving, they get over long distances and haul big
49
IcMnls. Ill (Mdiiiiiry wcatlirr. wlicii it is in»t coldiT thun 2ii degree**
below zero, tlit'\ can ^'(» lor ten dnvs without eating anything liut
snow, uiid hlill kccj) pretty stnnig and iat."
WEALTH IN OTHER FORMS.
"I know ahsohitely, iroin tht reports of expert pro<?pcctor*i whom
we have had out Tor livr ycaiv, that many of the streams of Ahiska
are as rich in gohl as the Kh)n(like, and not that alone, but there is
uiitold ucalth there in eovil, copper and iron." This declaration was
made with positiveness an<l enthiisi;'.s'm by 1'. li. Weai'c.
"This rush to the jioJd lields is iu» short-lived craze," added Mr.
Weare. "In my o|)inion the possibilities in that region are beyond
realization. I am not speaking of the Klondike alone. I believe
that the <level(tpiiu'nts Ju>t begun there will show that .\laska, which
this country has owned for thirty years and never even explored
thoroughly, is the richest spot in the world. I know from reliable
sourcts that gold is to be found in almost any river, creek or lake
throughout Alaska, and the Klondike I'cgion. if a man cannot make
$!.*) a (lay, he rpiits in disgust and searches for richer claims." Thtwe
statements by .Mr. Weare were made to a New Y'ork news|)aper man
and publisJied with his entire approval.
THE GOLDEN HEAD WATERS.
While these remarks apply to l*oreui)ino liiver and all the other
tiibutaries, great and snuill, that helj) to feed the Yukon, it is on
the upper section of the striam that the nearness to the nu)ther lode
b(H-omes most evident. This latter river enters the Yukon tifty-two
miles above Fort Cudahy. and all sides of the Klondike are gold-bear-
ing streams, particularly up the Yukon. In most instances they were
not prospected until l.S!>T. What has been accomplijshed on these
creeks, aiul on some of the Kloiuiike claims as well, during the sum-
mer of IHDT, is ilescribed in the following letter from E. J. Liver-
nash to tlie San l''rancisco Kxaminer. 'I'he letter is dated Dawson
City, Sei)tember 14, \H\)7:
"Flowing into the Vnkon from the east are four streams of which
one hears the miners speak constantly: Klondike river, liaker creek,
Indian creek ami Stewait h'iver. As is known, the Klondike enters
the ^'ukon at Dawson. Thirty-live miles further up the Yukon.
Indian creek empties, and between Indian creek and the Klondike
the ^ iikon receives liaker creek.
'The Stewart joins this great concourse of waters about sixty-five
miles above the mouth of Indian creek. Tlie Klondike's headwaters
are unknown; so are tlie Stewart's. Notliing certain can be said of
tlie length of either. Pros])ectoi's liave gone 150 miles up the Klon-
dike, and it is more than a brook there. The Indians give the impres-
sion that the Stewart is 300 miles long. Baker creek is less than
sixty miles ong. Indian creek has a course of 100 miles, approxi-
mately, '^riuse four streamis flow s'oniewhat parallel with one another,
and through a rugged, monntainous region, heavily tirrtbered with
spruce, birch and ]i>;plar, and very difficult to traverse.
"The Stewart has hi;ndreds of miles of tributaries, none of which,
however, have been brought prominently into notice. Indian creek
50
lich
?ek,
Iters
:on.
like
[five
Iters
of
llon-
Ires-
Ihan
|oxi-
|her,
rith
[ich,
reek
has st'vcral >miill Itiiiiirlif.'. aiiuiii;;- tluMii Dominion circk. A triliiitary
of l)(>iiiiiii(iii cicclx i> Sul|iliiir ci'ci'k. iJalvcr cri'ck iia- >.iim' >iiiall
Itranclu's, none uincli nicntioncil. 'I'lic Klumlikc inis thrt'c I'aniou.n
l)iMnclu's — Txinanza crick, licar cicfk and Hunker ci'fck; and scvt ral
not i'anioiis, notahlv 'l"o(» Mudi (ioid creek and (^iii<:lev creek.
"Iionanza creek entcr> tlie Klondike two niiie!< aliove tlic nioutli
nl" that river, and its courM' is nortliwfsterly. It is twenty-tliree niiled
lon^f, tarrying' 'ido inclie> at low water, and lias for tril)utaries Adams
creek, I'lMorado creek and N'ictoria ciec k on the right hand side to-
ward the headwaters, and (ionvan crc» k. Home Slake creek, Skookum
gnlcli and (Jalvin gulch on the other side, and a fork known as Mc-
Cormack's hranch. Adams creek, seven ndles lonif, has Krench gulch
lor a triluitary — a tiny creek, and Chief gulch foi- a fork, thiee miles
hing. Victoria creek, four to live miles long, joins Uouanza ahout ten
miles from the month. .McCormack's hranch is ai)ont live miles long
and forks from the main stream ahout sixteen nules from the mouth.
(Jouvan, llomestake, Skookum and (Jalvin How into Iionanza at points
between the forks and Kldorado."
CAPITAL OF THE KLONDIKE.
At letigth we reach Daw.MMi City, the nu'tropolis of the Klondike
region, and almost the head point of steamer navigation on the ^'ukon.
This is a typical nuiung town. It is kid out in rectangular shape
into town lots. The streets ar'e sixty-live feet wide. It is situated oil
a stretch of low ground on the northwest hank of the Y'ukon, a short
distance,' hclow the mouth of the Klondike. During the summer
of 18!)(' a vast majority of its inhahitants lived in tents, hiit a great
many houses were hnilt during the season, preparatory to the recjuire-
ments of winter. Some of these are (piite sul>stantial buildings. It
is unfortunately true that the hest and most eominodious huildings
in the town, aside from the somewhat extensive and im|)osing ware-
houses of the .North .\mei'ican Ti'ansportation and Trading Company,
are occupied by saloons and gandding houses: and these |)hices, as is
the case with all mining centers of population, iire excessively pat-
ronized. Town lots in Dawson City are l)eing sold at a high figure,
some of them hringing as much as .$-^(),0()() each.
A VERY LIVELY TOWN.
I)awson C'ity is, of course, a lively nuning town. The population
which ha.s gone in thert- is of an exceedingly heterogeneous character,
including a large variety of nationalities and men of nearly every
phase (d' hmnan experience. Notwithstanding this, up to the early
fall of the present year (1S!)T) no serious breaches of the peace have
taken place. One shooting event is recordecl, but the victim soon
recovered, and at last reports the oH'ender was in the grasp of the
Canadian Mounted Police. This force is at Dawson T'ity in consider-
able strength, and acting under and by virtue of Canadian laws, ex-
erciseis a most salutary influence upon the conduct of the inhabitants.
•At Dawson City men are not what they appear. Kverywliere char-
acters are hidden beneath, a rough exterior. One will often meet with
a polished college graduate under an exceedingly rough garb. In
Dawson City one may sit down and discuss almost any subject, in-
51
cludinp; the widosl rnnfrc f.-f 'lifncc, literature and relifjion, with one
liiiviii^' the Liciifi;'.! a|i|ic;ir,iiic(' ol a hiiiliway tiaiiip. and \v' •. it
casially iiii't with in the State ;)f IIJiiKiir;. wmdd be ri'<:a!'<lt'd as the
veriest hoho. Tliei'i' is nolliinu- in I lie way of what \vr call style in
|)aws(>n City. Ila.r-kcf'pcrs do not wc.r lioilccl >liirts, nor are those
wlio |)reside at the piano or maiiipulatc otiiei iiiiisical insl riiinciits
ill the eoarsc dance-jioii-cs di'esse<l in the garh of dudes.
<io!d scales arc found in cvci'v tradiii"' place in Dawson City, and
the <ireater proportion of local retail trrllic is carried on with Li'old
dust as a nu'diiiin of < xcliiinizc Da.iu . '-halls nia.y he found in tin;
real' of almost rxi'vy -aloon. 'i'liere is also an apartment connecte<l
with almost cncit drinisin^' place dcvoied to ^■auildinji'. where tlie
'iiiiier parts with his money or p)ld dust to satisfy his thirst for
speculation. The jiipiois sold in tliest' driiikinu' jdaces are of a viK;
character, much of them lieim:- coiiipounde(l with driii;s on the spot,
autl containin;^' very small proportions of red \\liisl\y. <iin or ijraiuly.
PATHOS IN A DANCE HALL.
.\iid yet in the.-c r()U<ili ))leasure halls thci'c is often a touch of
])allios that shows the heltcr (pialities of the huma.n heart. Hear
thiis little story of a Klondike s;doon I'cvel:
"While Mountain (harley was i^iviiia' his liist annual hall at Hog
r>ack dance house la.-t nitihi a :-traiii;t' tliiiii:' occurred, which served
as a rather pathi'tic climax to ;d)out twelve hours of a hot ray' show.
Only six women wei'e there (dust sliakei,-. they call them up there),
while till' room was packed uitli miiieis. who danced in their stocking
J'eet. r>ag after hag of dust poure<l over the har in exchaugi' for
whisky, and hy ■'! o'clock in tlu' morning the noise sounded like a
ciiariot race In an empty gai'ret. The liddh r (a,ul he was a wonder,
holh in countenance and action), had come over the trail from
Skagway. Ih' had i'\v> that wvrv almost lost in lilnis of sadness, and
ids long hair, re^endiling the moss one sees clinging to live oaks, fell
ov( r his ears and almost entwined itself in the strings of his iiistru-
iiieiil. ['"aster and faster he played, until the swecj) of the how was
almost lost in the punuenl smoke. .\1 six o"( lock the last dance wa<
announced. Tiaie to the custom of the Stales, he plaited up ■||iuue.
Sweet Home.* l'"or a moment the darning still conliniie I. then the
noise hegan to cease. One hy one the grulf revelers moved toward-;
the liddlcr initil ;il| were grouped Ik fore him. i'lvi'it the clit'k of the
glasses on the l:ai' ceas'd. When the la-t strain <d' the beautiful
melody had >ifte(l tlii'oiigh the smoke, he was implored time and
time -liz'ain to repeal the air. When at la.-t the old man cloaked his
violin and stepped down from the piatform. ounce after ounce of du-t
found its wav into the roiiiiii hand of tiie olavi'i'.
Home. Sweet Ijoi
lie
Maiiv
these argonauts from the liom<
a mile ot snow and ice separated
he\- left, to roh Alaska <d' lur
:3R.i
I'U'lie:
CURRENCY AND TRAFFIC AT DAWSON.
Tlie currency of Dawson fity. n< stated, is ehiefly gold dust.
()iK_' entering a place to trade, or a saloon to drink, lias a quantity
of gold dust weighed out. wliicli lie exchanges for diips of various
(lenoniinatioiis. These chips he, in turn, exchanges at the place
.^')
ty
lis
s ^
53
vvliere tlioy wore olitaiiied for Avlmtevcr he chooses to purchase. In
the ineaiitiiiic llicre is now ample sfifety as \\<']1 as facilities for e.>»-
ehange allortled at Dawson by the establishment of a branch of the
Canadian Bank of Commerce, which has its offices in the great ware-
house of the North American Transportation and Trading Co. In-
stead of liandliivg liis "du>t" for every small transaction, the miner
cati now deposit it and thus cstaljiish an account, against which he
can draw by chec-k or carry away a draft for the amount \a the usual
form.
LIFE IN SUMMER DAYS.
Dawson City is a most delightful place during the short summer
season. Daylight is continnous. and one fortunate enough to poss(!S«
a book or newsjiaper may read without artificial light every hour out
of the twenty-four. Of conrsc tlie mos(|uit(> and little black ily keep
up an uiueasing annoyance, but this is really the only drawback to
one's lin|)piness while in the town. The climate is excellent, and there
are no <lis('ascs of any sort arising from climatic conditions. In the
winter season it is very cold, but with |)roper supplies one will not
suffer from the (>xtremes of winter tem])eratnre. The atmosphere is
exceedingly dry. and a peison can endure \^ith much less suffering
twenty degrees more cold than in the more humid districts of our own
northwest.
THE POSTAL FACILITIES.
The Postollice depi'ilment issued a formal order in September
establishing an exchange of mails twice a month between the post-
office at Dyea, .\laska and Dawson City, Canada. The service is to
consist of two r(umd-trips each month, th(> first trip to commence at
Dyea upon the arrival at that place, via Juneau, of the mail steamer
scheduled to leave Seattle Se|)iend)er l.")th and arrive at Dyea Sep-
tember 20{h, and the subsc(|uent trips to commence upon the arrival
at Dvea of a mail from Seattle.
The mails in (|uestion shall contain oidy letters and postal cards,
to the exclusion of all othei' articles.
'I'h(> mail miHlc up at the olVice at Dawson City shall contain let-
ters and postal cards addressed for delivery at any place in the Yukon
district of Canada, and the mails made up at the ofFi^c at Dawson
City for the oflice at Dyea shall contain letters and pastal cards ad-
dressed for delivery at any jdace in tli(> I'nited States.
"^rhis is the formal announcement of the inauguration of the new
postal .*<en'ice in the gold region, which has been established through
an arrangenu'nt between the United States and Canada. The con-
tract for performing the service was let by the Canadian government,
the United States ]>aying the latter its share of the expenses, based
on the stretch of our territory that the route traverses.
WEALTH OF THE KLONDIKE.
It is at Dawson we first begin to realize the vast mineral wealth
of the country. Klondike ])lacer mines are only gathering the dust
washed off nature's gTcat gold reserve in the Alaskan mountains.
This dust is found in the gravel of the little streams. It comes from
a formation called the conglomerate, which is ineompanibly richer
in nuggets and particles of gold than the gravel.
54
"When the miners find it no longer ])rofltable to wnsli out tlie
gravel, they can atlHck the eonglonierate, where tliey will be ahle
to accomplish sometliing hy hard labor. Finally, tliere is th'.: original
source of the gold, the veins in the hills. These must be o'i enormous
value. They nnist lie untouched until the proper machinery for
obtaining the gold is erected. A clear, scientific and authoritative
explanation of ihe geological c<mditions of the Klondike and neigh-
boring gold-bearing rocks is given here. It '.vas furnished by Prof.
S. E. Kmmons, of the I'nitcd Slates IJeological Survey. Professor
EmmonvS says:
"The real mass of golden wealth in Alaska remains as yet un-
touched. It lies in vii'gin rocks, from which the jiarticles found in
the river gravels now Ijeing washed by tbe Klondike miners have
been torn by the erosion of streams. These particles being heavy
have been deposited ])y the streams which carrii'<l the li<i;hter matter
onward to the oi>r.!i. thus forming by gradual aecnmulation a sort
of auriferous eonccntrat(\ ^lany of the bits. esp"cially in certain
localities, are big enougli to be called nuggets. In spots the gravels
are so rich that, as we have all heard, many ounces of the yellow
metal are obtaincMl fn>m the washing of a single panful. This is
what is making the ])eo])le so ^ild — the ])rospect of picking money
out of the dirt by the handful literally.
THE GREAT MOTHER LODE.
"Hut all this is merely the skimming of grease from the pot; the
soup remains, and ])reci()us .<(iup it is. The bulk 'if the wealth is in
the rocks of the hills, w.iiting only for proper mai liin<'i'v to take it
out. For you must rememl)t'r that the gold wa> originall\ stored
in veins of the rock<, which ai'e of an e.xcct ' ,^ly ancient formation.
N'o])ody can say how nuiny millions of year.- -ince tli(> tnetal was put
there, but it must have been an enormously long time Itack.
"The streams wore away the rocks, carrying gold ^^•■Ill them, and
this process continued for ages, making immense deposits of rich,
gold-bearing gravels. Fventually these deposits wci-e themselves
transforme<l into rocks — a sort of congloniei'ate in which pebbles
small and l)ig are mixed with wbat was once sand. To-day the
strata composed of this congloiiu'rate are of immense extent and un-
known thickness. The formation closely resembles that of the aurif-
erous 'banket' or pudding stone of the South African gold fields;
but the South African pud<ling stone was in far remote antiquity a
sea beach, whereas the Alaskan fonnation is a deposit made bv
streams, as T have said.
"In the latter epoch the stream ((uitinued to gnaw away at the
hills, bringing down more gold and leaving it behind in the gravel
at their bottoms. Tt is these comparativi'ly modern rivers which
are responsible for the ])ay dirt of the Klondiki' district and of all
that region. Xaturally. l)ccause it was easily got at and worked, the
miners have struck this surface alluvium first. The streams at A'arious
times have followed diflerent coui"scs. and it is in the gravels of the
dry and disused channels that the gold niincre dig with such fabulous
profit.
"You will observe from what I have said that the gold of that
55
region exists under three wifiely different conditions — in the gravels,
in the conglomerate or ))udding stone, and in tiie ancient rocks ol" the
hills. When the modern stream dei)o.>its, now being worked, are
used u}), the miner can tackle the conglomerate, which represents
the gravels of ages ago. Finally, when they are provided with the
requisite machinci-y, they will Ije in a |>osition to atta( k the ma.sses
of yellow wealth that are stored in the veins of the mountains. At
present we can liardly consider that the (irst hite has been taken of
the golden IVasi which Alaska oU'ers to the hungrv man."
MORE GOLD THAN CALIFORNIA.
Gold is certainly f)lentier here th.iii cvr in (Jalifornia, says
.Toa(|uin ]\lilh'r, the poel, in a hreezy h'tter from Dawson. I found
an onion in my jMxket this morning that 1 !iad packed over the Ciiil-
koot |)ass on my lia(k. '"1 will give you a dolhir i'or that," said a
man in the crowd who iiiid come down to see the barge. "NO, sir;
mother grew that in her garden, and my crowd eats tlu'.t onion if I
have to eat it mysell'." .M'tcr awhik' I he man came back. "Say,
I'll give you $o for that big onion: 1 wnnt it for my sick friend."
lie referred me to the doctor. Of course he got it, and the crowd
was glad when we refused his money, ^'ou .~ee, there is jjlenty to
eat here, and there will i)e all the time, 1 believe, l>ut nich things
as ])otatoes and green sliilf arc not to be had, and when a si(k man
wants them, he wants llu'in mightily. A grecnliouse would l)e a big
foi'tuiu', ami surely thei'e is a good chance for oiU' hero. It is hotter
here now than I ever saw it in Washington or even \(>\\ Orleans.
We are cautioiu'd not to stait over the hills to the mines until almost
suiulowr, 'jccause of tlu' intense heat. Of coui-se it is awfully cold,
but then it is awful hot when it is hot. We start to the mines this
nu)riiiiig. IJoad is said to be muddy aiul we mii.-t wear goloshes, a
.sort of long-legged moccasin ■with the hair inside. 1 never saw such
humanity and such faith and trust in man. It is truly uleal. When
you buy anything, whisky or what-not. you hand a man your .-^ack,
he takes it, and walks ba.ck ami weighs out what he want.-. A ten-
derfoot soon falls into this way, and ceases to watch the merchant
in a little while.
GETTING READY FOR WINTER.
There is not mucli mining iieing done, 'i'he rich men are not in
a hurry in getting more. They are making themselve.- more com-
fortable iiud getting their friends al)oiit them, prepai'ing to take out
their money as they ])lease. It is said that there are about 1,UU0 in the
mountains prospecting. The most of iheni are on the headwaters of
the Klondike aiul Stewart K'ivers — une.\i)lored as yet. It is believed
it will be proved that they will be great. Many men do not know
haw to i)rosi)ect or to mine either. It is hard for son e men to get
work 'or get a "lav." .\ "lay" is a sort of working on shares for the
season. I am told that no (Hie could work out these (hep, rich mines
in a lifetime. S(> the owners will sell olf fractions or let men work
them on shares.
I have met no one as yet here discouraged or disappointe<l. All
say the situation e.\ceeds their greatest expectations, liul all old
J t'
T<
66
'U-
mt
All
>
O
a
a
a
o
u
a
a
c
a .
53 ■«
- s
-' !3
> O
H i
3C C
'f-5
(iRl
57
('alifi)rnians lau^h at the primitive way in which the men work the
mint's. '1 liere is no tail race or drain, notliin^' ol" the sort. A man
sinks a liole tiuou^ih two I'cet of moss, then from tliree to ten feet of
muck, half frozen, often the ilrst three feet, and the moss and muck
is full of water when not frozen, so that it is imj)ossihle to work in
warm weather Ijccause of the water. 'I'hen there is from two to ten
feet of iiravel, j,r(»l(l-l)earin^-, then bed-rock. 'I Itink of lioistinj:; the
frozen ground u]) in a bucket by windlass and diini[)iiig tliis to one
side to wait foi' flowing water in the sudden, warm, spriny. 1 never
heard of such childisli work u\ California. A miner would join in
witli all al)ove liim and bejo,* 'dm, and a cut for a claim would be
made to tlic be<l-rock througJi such claims and a Hood of water turned
in to wet tlic gi'ound aiul wash it away; this leaves the gold. Seeing
how they are nnning now, I can understand why the second washing
will pay better than the first, because they will handle the dirt as it
is handled in ( 'alifornia.
Xo, there will be no starvation. The men who doubt that sup-
plies will get hei'e, where gold is waiting by the ton, miscalculate
American energy. As for tlie gold here. 1 can only say as the Queen
of She.lm said to Sohnuon. "I'ehold, the balf was not told me."
SOME OF THE RICH MINES.
Karly in the siinuner of 18l>^ work started along TTunker, Gold
Bottom and IJear ciccks. On lliiid\er creek ninety claims are staked,
sixty below and tliirty above the ])oiiit of discovery. On Gold Bottom
there are fifty claims, and on Beai- creek there are twenty-one below
and eighteen above "Discovery." On No. 'U on Bear creek "Dutch"
Kite took out $."),()()0 in dust in the s|)ring, working only in April.
On Hunker creek $?,()()() was taken out of No. li) helow "Discovery"
by llanw Oleson, who commenced work in March. On (!old J3ottom
rich ])ay was located, but no work was done. Claims on this creek
are now held at from $1,()()() to $-^'),0()().
Next spring when reports come in fnmi these creeks it is ex-
pected they will surprise tlie ol<l timers.
The latest strike re|)orted has been made on Indian River, on
Domini(m ci'eek. 'ibis was -uade tbe latter })art of ^lay, and there
was a wild stampede for the new discovery.
The repoits in from Doaninion creek are very favorable, and
coarse gold is being brought l:'ack. The pros})ectors have found as
high as ^'^oO to the ])an in the gravel. No reports have co'me that
holes have been sunk to bed-rock u]> to July 14, when the steamer
Healy left Dawson. The creek has been staked for miles. It heads
in the same range as Hunker, (Jold Bottiun and Bonanza creeks,
running, however, in an opjvosite direction.
Indian hMver enters the Yukon :il)out thirty miles above Klondike.
Quartz and Wolf creeks, tributaries of Indian, have been worked
more or less with good results for the past four years. The hars of
the river have also yielded good pay during that time.
TALES OF SUCCESS.
Wonderful tales are told of the great richnef^s of the Yukon
placers. More than one man reports having obtained $1,UU0 from
58
3
I
a single pan \vashin;i, while r('|)orts of yields of .$:.0f) and .$()()() to
the i)an are numerous. An onhiuirv pan of <iravel will weigh twenty-
five poun'is. and a yield of $l,()u"() worth of gevld means sixty-two
ounces, or nearly one-sixth of the entire hulk in ))reeious liietal.
The average is said to he .$.")() to the jtan, and this is phenomenal wiien
it is taken into (onsideratioii tliat the California |)an-washer was well
pleased with a uniform product of $:} to a washing, ami eould make
money with a yield running as low as -"io cents. With this kind of
field to work, it is small wonder that claim-holders gladiv [lav *i:> a
day for common lahor, and are unahle to get anything iike a fair
supply at that. It is only men who are "hroke" that will work for
wages.
A LETTER THAT TELLS.
Following is the copy of a letter from a fornu'r emplove of the
North American Transiiortalion and 'i'radiiig Co.. dated' Dawson.
X. \v. T., .\ugust •<!!). isor.
P. B. Weare, Ksq., Chicago, 111.
Dear Sir: — Plea.^e discontinue sending the •$.')(» a month to my
wife, and I am greatly obliged to you for having sent it. l*lea.s"e
write me how nuicli you have sent since February 1st. not including
February 1st, as J credited ytm and chaiged myself with the amount
up to that date. \ will |)ay the amount hcri'. including the exchange.
I am making my fortune very fast. I am taking out $l(>,()(i() every
twenty-four hours, and I think 1 can keej) it up quite a while longer.
1 am going to stay in here this winter if I can get "grul)" enough to
stay, and should be })leased to have a letter from you occasionally.
Yours very truly.
(Signed) " George F. J-:ilis.
HOW ONE MAN FARED.
"It cost mo $(;00 a year for the necessities of life during the three
years I spent on the Yukon."* said I-'ritz Kloke, a ruddy-faced,
flaxen-liaire<l Swede, six feet three inches t;'' and str(nig in propor-
tion, who arrived here en route to his home in Allegheny City, Fa.
He called ai the ofiice of the North .\merican ( onipany, and while
there was plied with ([uestions from the crowd seeking 'nfonnation.
"Please tell me what you slept on?" asked the wife of a Chieagoan
who left last night for 1 he new l-'Jdoi'ado. When Kloke answered
"Hendock ))oughs.'" he lii'ouglit I'dief to the anxious sjiouse. She had
worried more over tliis sul>ject than all the otlu'r hard .nps of th<'
venture. A man who had roughed it in Coeur d'Alene explained to
her that the leaf of the hendock is flat and soft, and gives forth a
balsamic odor alike pleasant and healthful.
"I have traded with both eomjianies. the Alaska Commercial an<l
the North American, and fouiul that prices do not vary much be-
tween them. All things considered, they are both reasonable. When
a man can subsist on $"^ a day in so rich a mining country, he has no
reason to grumble. 1 am entirely satislied."
Pie explained that the distance from the town of Dawson to the
mouth of the Klondike is one mile: from there five miles to the
mouth of the Bonanza; fourte'>u miles from there to Eldorado creek,
59
4.,! imminmmifm
and ten miles across to Quartz creok and Indian crcfk, the present
limits of mining ground.
A remarkable feature of the Klondike district is that the ground
a few feet l)elo\v the .surface is frozen the year around. In the hottest
July days frozen gravel is taken from the placers. This condition
works no hardship. On the contrary, it makes the work of saving the
gold easier. Kloke is accpiaiiited with all the prominent miners on
the ^'nkon, did very well him.self, left ,lune 'i'.t, ISKT, and will re-
turn next spring.
LUCKY VENTURE IN TRADE.
J. tS. Dinsmore, of lOureka, Cal., suys that he brought out a little
over $H,<)()(). Ilari-y Ash credits him witii $l.\(»(Mi. In addition,
J)insmore has intertvsts on Hunker creek which undoubtedly foot up
from $■)(),( lUU to $1()(M)00.
"I was in the mercantile business in l^ureka,'' he sa^'i, "and in
April of this year went up north to try to build up trade in my line.
1 went over Chilkoot Pass, taking four num and four tons of pro-
visions. It took three weeks to go over the pass and three more to
reach the Klondike. At that time i>acking rates wore fifteen cents
a pound.
"1 reached the Klondike at a clean-up time, sold my stuff at the
rate of $4 for 1, getting $l."^r) a poun<l for bacon, $5 a dozen for eggs.
and $8 a sack for llour, $1 a ])oun(l for potatoes and ')() cents each for
lemons. Dawson City was then only a baby, but saloons, cabins and
dance halls were fast being erected.
"In two weeks I entered into a deal with -Joe ^loore, of Montana,
by which I secured a half interest in a claim next to a claim that
was running To cents a ]ian on Hunker creek. Since then we have
been able to do some little work on our claim, and are well satisfied
with returns.
SKIFF MITCHELL A miLLIONAIRE.
"The richest man in DnAvson City to-day, as far as I know, is
Skiff Mitchell, of Eureka, Cal. ile has been there eleven years.
Down in Eureka, he was a lumberman, but never nuide any money,
and poverty drove him north. He has made one trip out of the
Yukon, and that was five years ago, when he had only $"^,000. Last
winter he struck the Klondike. To-day his claims on Eldorado and
Bonanza creeks are as good as the United States mint. One claim
in particular, No. <J(), on Bonanza creek al)ove Discovery, yields
$4,000 to the box. He owns it with Frank Dinsmore. of ]\laine. To
show that it is all right, I will say that last spring their clean-up was
$113,000.
"Mitchell is worth $1,000,000. He will have an immense fortune
when he comes out.''
Dinsmore says that he was in ^litcholl's cabin when a man came
in with $13,000 in an old flour sack. He put it on ^Mitchell's table,
where it lav for two weeks exposed to view of every one who entered.
"Humboldt Gates, of Eureka, is worth $100,000," says Dinsmore.
''His claims are on Eldorado, Bonanza and Hunker creeks. PTe and
his partner came there last February, located their claims, worked
60
tlieni two iiioiiths and t(jok out .$iri.(i()(i. Sciircilv of water pro-
ventt-'d tlu'iii lioiii doiim- imicli work this siiiiiiiu'r. dates is not more
than ''il yeaisi old, antl luis been in the Alaskan cduntrv three years."
WORK FOR ALL.
Dinsnioro said that tiie Klondike eountry is especially a winter
diggings, and that the eoniing winter will i'nrnisii empioyment for all
who are there and are willing to work, and to 5,tK)U new eoniers.
Wages will continue at '$1.') [xt day. Din^nlore says that the
rich ininei's want to get the gold out as last as possible, and for that
reason will pay Ijig wages. There is no one at t'irele City, or Forty-
Mile, and it is ditheult to get a man to remain at either place to hold
down claims, all of which are failing to compete with Klondike, and
must remain for the i)resent untleveloped.
There is room in Alaska for ■^()(>,(l()(» miners. ^liles of dirt which
pay from $5 to $10 a day may be found without any ditllculty, but
no one cares to work it because Klondike wages bring them $15. A
man can live at Dawson City for $3.
ROMANCE OF A BARBER.
tune
Heartbroken by a wayward wife, a Tacoma barber, eighteen
months ago, buried himself from the world in Alaska, and to-day is
sole owner of a Klondike jjlacer value<l at $1,000, 000. -Already the
barber has scrajjcd $00,000 out of the claim, and has been at work on
it only a few days. All his peoi)le live at Tacoma, Wash., and they
rejoice exceedingly at I'lry (iaisford's good fortune, (iaisford has
always been industrious, and although his barber shop Avas on a side
street, he managed to make a good living and saved enough nu)ney
to warrant him in getting married. Then his troubles began; his
wife was untrue and disgraced him in the eyes of his jieople. When
he could no longer stan<l the humiliation caused by her conduct, he
told her to get a divorce, or else he would, as he had positive proof
of her unfaithfulness. She had no funds, and he furnished the money
himself with which to secure a legal separation.
I'hen riry left the woman, who had wrecked his life, to con-
tinue her wayward career, and he hurried away to Alaska, not caring
where he went, so long as he could b( away fi'om those who knew of
his domestic troubles. Ihit ill-luck followed dry, even into the wilds
of Alaska, for wliile he and his companions were navigating the IVlly
Kiver they were shipwrecked, and lost all their provision.* and clothing.
They had absolutely nothing left, aside from the clot'.'.es they had
on their backs. All became disheai'teiied e\cei)t dry. and returned
to civilization. I'lry pressed on. l''or a time he woi'ked in a .saw
m\\\, and last wintei he set up a little barber shop in Circle City, and
there, by his thrift, succeeded in saving a little money. When the
spring of J.SDO opened up, he turned his hand to loggnng on the
Yukon, and wliile thus engaged left his logs for a few days to file a
claim on the Klondike. T.ast fall he went into the new Rl Dorado,
and worked industriously through the v.inter with tiie result that he
had $50,000 in nuggets by last June,
61
A DECK HAND'S LUCK.
In a letter recently reicived by a ^ovfiiiiiitnt oiriccr from Capl.
Fiiiiiiis Tiittle, in inimiiaiul ut' tlic L Hi led .States; Ifc.'veinic Cutter
"liear," {.'apt. Tuttle say.-:
"Tile ilays ol' 'ID in Calii'orniii aiv a mere .-"ide-rshow eompared
with tlie e.vcitemeiit iji the Viikon eDiiiitry. liiiagme my astuiiisli-
meiit on rcaeliin-i' here yesti'rday to niii iu m.-s a iiiiin wiio last Sep-
temiier Wiis discli;Mi;ed as a deei\ liiiiid (.11 a ,-teamer on I'ligel Soi::mI.
'I'he felioiw made his way into Ahi.-kn, worised seven months on the
Klondike, and has now reached St. Micliaers with •$ lot ),()(»() in L;ii|d.
1 eoidd hardly lielieve my senses, hut there was his "iold. sure enonj^h.
"As I wi'ite, St. .Mieliael'sis I'idl of ndners await in,<:' an opportunity
t(t <H'{ down to l'u;;('t Sound ,ind tn California. Xeaily every other
man of them lias .toO.dOO worth (d' dnsl, and there is n<tt a n\an here
with less than ■$!.'), (»(»(), The latter aic I'ej'eri'ed to as Toor fellows,'
who have been hit hard with had luck, and it seems to he real sym-
pathy that the more Tortunate ones show for these ^lo.OOO fellows.
"''I'he (leek hand with his .$i:)(i.(i(i() had the laro;e.st amount of
li'old of any one of the CM'owd. The whole husiiiess is almost in-
eredihle. yet one must helievo wliat he sei'S.
"It was enouizli to turn the ndnd of any person, and particularly
when one learns with what comparative ea>e the gold is mined."
('apt. Tuttle adds that he can not alford to lay long at St.
MiehaeTs, or his whole eicw will heeonie dal't, and, he eoutinu<'d:
"I i'eel as if I would like to go up the river myself, ami J. cer-
tainly would do so were 1 twenty years younger."
.\t St. .Michaels ('apt. Tuttle received instructions from the gov-
ernnu'nt to assi>t in the transportation of reindeer from Siljeria into
the Yukon country.
A NEWSPAPER GETS FACTS.
It was in ISd!) that Mr. I*. !>. W'eai'e. then an Imlian trader on
the upper .Missouri, met Capt. llealy, ami a frii'ndshi[) was formed,
which increased with years. Mr. Weare located at length in Chicago,
where, in liS'.fi, Captain llealy broke in upon him. Tlie visitor was
fresh from .\laska. lie had lieen with the Indians when they found
gold in the valley, and instantly realizing the richness of the dis-
covery, and thinking of his ol<l friend, hasti'ued to liini with the news,
.lolin Cudaliy was called in. and to him was repeated the' story of tlu;
di>co\(M'y and the wealth of tlu' Klondike.
This huii'ied joui'uey of Captain llealy from the wild northwest
to Chicago resnlte(l in the formation of the Noi'th American Traus-
])ortation t.'v Trading Co., and a few weeks later fouml Mi'. I'ortus I'..
Weare and his son, William W. Weare. at the mouth of the Yukon,
superintending the ])ntting together of the steamboat Weare. Work
was pushed upon her for four months, and upon the night of Septem-
ber 1."), lS!f->, ])repared to launch at 'i a. m., launched o'MH a. m.,
the vessel was launched, the first on the stream.
The growth of the country since that time is shown by this state-
ment of ^fr. Weare: Two hundred tons of provisions and miners'
supplies were carried into the territory the next year. This last season
more than ten thousand tons have heen transported there.
I i
02
was
)U11(1
dis-
U'WS.
the
Is
IJ
(AS
o
•§i
TS
X ^
g «
1 7.
« S
u:'
«=■=
x~ ~
a -
o -
■J3 C
A CAREFUL ESTIMATE.
It is i)(it of <r(»I(l iilonc that tlu' triuliT spoaks so ontliusiastlcally.
He sees ^rcjit liclics in tlic iron, copiicr and cnnl in Ahislsa, with its
t'xcfllcnt waU'i' facilities for ;^i'ttin^ tlii' products from mines to
market, lie pr('<licts lliai in a short time Ahiska uill he alive with
these industries, all pros|M'rous.
His companv is already start inj^^ to mine coal in Alaska. It took
in the machinej'y last June, and the cattle to draw the coal from the
miiu's, lor Mr. Weare declares that live stock can be wintered in
Alaska with |ierfect e;ise. 'I'he thick <frowth of tundrn, he declares,
is excellent fodder, and almost as nutritious <li'y as jifreen, and can
be cut and storeil in larjie (puuitities to carry over horses and cattle.
NO DANGER OF OVERCROWDINQ.
"In my helief there is no dan^fcr of overcrowding the jrold
country," said Air. Weare. "There is p)ld everywhere up there, an<l
work for all who may ^'•o. ^'ou eoidd put 'i(i(»,(t()0 jjersons in the
^'ukon valley alone and not know they were there. 'I hey would' rfll
find protital)le workin;.fs. Mines that were payiiifi' $;i() a. day were
deserted in the rusli to the Klondike, hut somebody will take them
up again and make moru-y out of them. lUit that isn't nil. Think
of tlie o|)portunities the development will make for engineers and
doctors and storekee|)ers, and all class(>s of men wlio want a chance
to start in lifel i tell all young men that tlie future is tliere."
PROSPECTS FOR THIS YEAR.
To summarize and |)Ut tlie cliniax to these various statements we
furnish the following slatt'ment from a safe, conservative! and ex-
perienced authority:
'I'otal estimated output for this year of the Klondike and Indian
River divisions of the ^'ukon mining districts, based on a careful in-
spection of every working mine in those districts, $"<iT,(;40,()00.
Bonanza Creek $12,465,000
El Doradf Pi eek 10.727,000
Big and I^ittle Skookum Gulches, including the bench
claims 1,000,000
Hunke. Creek 2,138,000
Bear Creek 500,000
Dominion Creek 150,000
Sulphur Creek 150,000
Gay Guloh 300,000
Last Chance Creek 100,000
Gold Bottom Creek 60,000
All other crooks in the two divisions 50,000
Following is the detailed report of the pro'bable output of the
mines in the Klondike and Indian Kiver divisions of the Yukon dis-
trict in the Northwest Territory:
BONANZA CREEK.
Total cutnut estimated. $12,290,000.
The three claims comprising Discovery, one above and one below,
owned by George W. Carmack, and the two Indians, Skookun Jim and
Tagisb Charley, will yield $1,000,000; seventy men are employed on these
64
Claims, toRPihor with six lays; the claim worked together tindor on»i mipGr-
Intendent, Mr. (Memetis.
No. 2 ultovc. John F. DiihgI. Two men working; $25,000.
No. 3. Stuart, Kirkiatrlck, Harper and Ladue. Seven men working?:
$60,000.
No. 4.
$160,000.
No. 6.
No. 7.
HIU, Connor, McConnell and Greenough, Eight lays left;
Hnltman v.n] Stev/nrt. Sixteen men working; $170,000.
Janu'H Tadc. WaiiKh. Ktigland, MeOalgh and John Heightman.
Twenty men working; j^no.ooo.
No. 9. J. J. Healy et al. Four layK forly feet deep, $50,000.
No. 10. John Smith, Arthur Cook and l''iix. Thirty men working; dirt
averages lOr, to 2rj('.; streak about M feet wide; $1(10.000.
No. 11. Lumpkins & Co. Seven men working; $60,000.
No. 12. Harry MeCullough, Harry Wright and Fred Prlee. Seventeen
men working; $200,000.
No.-j. 13 and 14. Pieket, Lafond and Grant. Five men working. Good
ground; but late In striking pay; $50,000.
No. 15. Frank Conrad, Thomas Ulake, R. S. Ames. Twenty-Hve men
at work; $300,000.
No. 16. Matloek, Monroe and Smith. Eight lays; very rich; $300,0(i!).
No. 17. Oxvie and Louis Langlols, J. J. Healy et al. Fifteen mm
working; $200,000.
No. 18. Densmore, Spencer and McPhee, Con Doyle, William Wilkin-
son and John Lynn. Seventeen men working; high pan $15 20; two pay
streaks; $250,000.
No. 19. John Wick and William Lawton. Twelve shafts; three lays;
$200,000.
No. 20. Frank Pechon and William Gouvin. Six men working. Four
holes; $100,000.
No. 21. Louis B. Rhodes. Ten men working; 11 holes to bedrock;
$150,000.
No. 22. Monroe and Cowley. Eight men working; $80,000.
No. 23. Lou Rhodes (claim 333M: feet long). Two lays at work; $50,000.
No. 241]. Smith and Pickert. Laymen have worked out half. Owner
dri/ting with six men on the other half; $50,000.
No. 2513 (Fraction 41 feet). Two men; began work late; $10,000.
No. 25A. James Rowan. Fifteen men working, six windlasses run-
ning; high pan $20; $1.50,000.
No. 33. Andrew Nelson and John Delgard.
high pan $75; ounce pans frequent; $350,000.
No. 34. J. A. Stewart, T. S. Scott. Summer diggings; 8 feet to bed-
rock; putting dam to run sluice in summer.
No. 25A. (Fraction 75 feet). Peter Welberg. Four men at work;
handicapped by water all winter; $25,000.
No. 35. Pat Gavin. George Byrns. Nine men working; $100,000.
No. 38. D. E. Ward. Sixteen men working; high pan $87; $150,000.
No. 37. Jack Bros. Six men; three shafts; $60,000.
No. 39. J. J. Healy and Joe Barrett. Thirteen men working; 8 holes;
$250,000.
No. 41 A. Martin Christopher. Three men working; 7 holes to bed-
rock; $50,000.
No. 41. Thomas Pelky, Charles Gilbert. Fourteen layers working; high
pan $132; $400,000.
No. 40. Jim Berry and Antone. Nine men working; $250,000.
No. 42. L. Warburton and Ed Ward. Twenty-six men working: 20
holes; $300,000.
No. 42A (fraction). Ward & Webbleton. Sixteen men working;
$100,000.
No. 42B (fraction 250 feet). Anderson, Salter and Mill. Eight men
working; $.50,000.
No. 43. M. F. Johnson, C. E. Franklin; $20,000.
No. 49. George Johansen. One man working on lay; $5,000.
No. 55. O. Johnson. Two men working and prospecting; high pan $1;
have not struck the pay streak; $10,000.
Sixteen men working;
65
No. 57. Joslah Wilson and Fitzgerald. Two men working; pay streak
six feet deep; followed it forty feet across without running out; $10,000.
No. 58. One man at work; found good prospects; $5,000.
No. 60. William Farrell and Mrs. King. Two men recently began
work; $10,000.
No. 2 below. H. McDonald, Bob Eggin and John Felix et al. Twenty-
six men working; $500,000.
No. 3. Ashby, T. igh and Land. Thirty men working; 350 feet worked
on lay, 150 feet by owner; can pay rtmning expenses by daily panning;
pay streak 250 feet wide; total clean up. $700,000.
No. 4. Owner, by syndicate, whole claim being worked in 50-foot lay;
thirty men working; $600,000.
No. 5. Dodson and Fox, their claim being worked on lays; thirty men
working; $700,000.
No. 6. James Ogelby, Alex. McDonald. Claims spotted; three lays given
up, one very rich; $40 to $50 per pan frequent; $400,000.
No. 7. Gasford, McDonald and Matlock; fourteen lays; fifty men work-
ing, but their claim will be worked jut this year; high pan, $25; $800,000.
No. 8. Isaac Powers, Alex. Bomier, Sam Matthews, Rudo.ph Flour,
George Parment; thirty-tive men working; $650,000.
No. 8. A. Cooks et al. (416-foot fraction), all let on lays; $200,000.
No. 9. Judge Morford, Harper Ladue and Kirkpatrick; two men work-
ing on lay; $25,000.
No. 13. .John Horn; twelve men working on f.iur lays; $50,0(iO.
Nos. 14, 15 and 16. Waugh and McKay; lour men working; $600 taken
from bottom of prospect hole in the pan; $75,000.
No. 17. Voss and Dr. Will; small dump; claims sent out for sale;
under bond for $100,000.
Nos. IS and 19. Wilson & Co.; 6 men on lays; $15,000.
No. 21. Barnes & Matlock, 1 men on lays; $10,000.
John Baker & Co., 6 men on lays; $15,000.
Gordon. Battles & Jack McQuesten; 8 mm working; $20,000.
Howard Hamilton et al.; 20 men working; $50,000.
McCoy & Co.; 4 men working: $10,000.
.Johnson & Co.; 4 men working: $10,000. •
23.
24.
25.
26.
No. 27.
No. 44.
$150,000
No.
No.
No.
No.
$150,000
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Nos. 28 and 29. Sixteen men working. $25,000.
No. 30. Day Bros.; 8 mm working; $20,000.
Strong. Painter and Leak: $40,000.
Let out in lays; twenty-two men working; $150,000.
Four lays being worked; $50,000,
Owned by Antone; five lays being worked; $50,000.
Ten lays and laympn hiring men at $1.50 an hour; $150,000.
Upper end rich; four lays being worked: $50,000.
Sloper: two lays: $15,000.
Isaac Powers and .Indge Morford; four men working; $20,000.
Ten lays working; $1,50.000.
52. Neal and Crawford, Brand and Jerome; six lays working;
Two bench claim.s off No. 52 will pan S75,0U0.
')5. Owned by Canadian company at Ottawa; four lays: $40,OoO.
Frank Jones and others; six lays; will clean up .'?5G,000.
Lower end is rich; $50,000.
Minnick & Co.; let on lays, entire claim beini^ worked,
45.
4G.
47.
No.
No.
No.
No. 48.
No. 49
No 50,
No. 51,
No. 52
59.
60.
61. Working on upper end prospecting;
80. Twenty men at work; $75,000.
small dump; $20,000.
BEAR CREEK.
Total output, estimated, $500,000.
No. 19 beknv discovery: is at the mouth of the creek; owned by Fred
Knocson, Gus Carlson and Henry Seymour: seventeen men at wc.k: five
iholes to bedrock; largest pan $60; will average $1 per bucket; pay streak
twenty-two feet, wide, three feet deep; no burning is necessary on this
claim, the ground being kept thawed, presumably by the backwater of the
Klondike, into which the creek empties; will clean up $60,000.
Ofi
»0.
No. IS. Henry Cheney and W. D. Jones have a lea.<;e on this ilainl
from S. F. Sears for two years and will prolahly wo'-k it out in that time.
They have five men at work and will elean up $50 Ol).
No. 17. Richard Butler; two men at work for the p.'.st four moniiis;
will take out $ir.,(JOO.
No. 15. Fred Knocson, John Smith; four nipn working; best pan
$13.50; average pan ahout 20('. ; dean up $20.0(10.
No. ISA (fraction). William Rol>inson, J. L. ilankin; six holes sunk
without finding pay; work stopped.
No. 14. Harry Wilson; chiim let out on lay; throe men at work; dump
will average 50c. to 75c.; l)ad luck with early work, hut will lake otit $20,000.
No. 13. Charles Hilty, Fred (iran<l; streak of rich ground six to eigiit
feet wide, averaging $1 to the bucket; clean up $20,000.
No, 12. Harry Haker; two men had lay, but relinquiirhed it.
No. 12A (fraction 1(10 feet). Prospecting; high pan $7.50.
No. 11. Willis McKinnis: prospecting: not r(>ached bedrock.
No. 10. Sam Stanley and Charles Worden; i)r(wpecting; have not
readied l)edrock.
No. 9. William Hawes; one hole to bedrock; four men working; clean
up $10,000.
No. 8.
pay streak:
No. 7.
have not found
.John Slieehy, Martin D. Young; prosjiect iiig;
will clean up $.'i,000.
O. J. Fkrc, P. A. Peterson, John A. Pet(>rsou: twelve men at
work: pans from 21c. to $21; one foot of tlie giound will avera.ge $5; clean
up $100,000.
No. (i. P^red lU'ar, ^'rank Carroll; three men at work; l)edrock is thirty-
four feet below .surface; expect to put on more men; will clean up $20,000.
No, 5. Alec McDonald, Hyrne ;ind (Javin; let to C. J. Cunninglian. and
William Harrah; recently struck pay streak seven fcpt wiile, running fiom
3c. to $3.50; clean up $10,000.
No. 4. J. H. Quigley and Thomas Cook; four men i)rosppeting; clean
lip $10,000.
No. 3. From this point to No. 5 above no other than prospecting work
is being done. No. 5, owned by Fred Miinner, has four men em|)loyed and
will cl<>an up $20,000, Muniier worked the claim alone until he struck a $40
p.ui and then employoil others.
lO.
HUNKER CREEK.
Total output, estimated, $2,13S,OiiO.
Hunker Creek — No. 74. six miles from the mouth of (lie 'creek, is the
first ( laim Iteiiig worked. Tbey have struck no big pay :.s yet, but tlie dirt
runs frcm ."jc. to 13c., :nid tliey ai'(> stii! looking for the pay streak.
No. (!0. Stack & Robinson. Three men at work, three holes down to
bedrock, and will cleiin up $15,000.
No. 53. William .Jensen. fMie hole sunk to bedrock and found five feet
w;th 20c. dirt; $10,000.
No. 52. Butler, McCutib.icn K- Co., fiur men ... wt.rk four holes down;
will clean up $20.(HI0.
No. 50. J. ,1. M<Ka.\', let out on lay: three hobs sunk; did r.ot stril e
pay and lay reliu(|uisli(>il
No. 4!t. A. L. Sjiotts: four men at work; nine holes sunk; best pan
$3.30: will take out $;!(),(ic(i.
No. IS. IJuMer Ji Lamrough: representing.
No. 44. Angus, Keller i^- Tliomas; fbi'ee men at work; six holes to lied-
rock; highest iian $!».50; l5o I'cet of pay streak from 2 to 4 feet di ep in the
gravel; will take out S20,000.
No. 43. Hagan <^^- Ash and Spencer, McPhee & Fuller; ten men at
work on lay and four men undei' wages; 13 holies to bedrock; $30,000.
No. 41 A. David Fvans; Thomas Dolan: six men working three holes
to Ijedroek; getting 2.5'c. dirt across fraction, whioh is 212 ff^'t wide; $40,000.
No. 41, R. P. how, Robert A^b, J. J. Healy; claim being worked on
lays at 00 per cent.: six men working: five lioles to bedrock: SO feet of
drift: caught big iiay recently: nans $54.50; w<> cleared up $100,000.
No. 40. William Hanke, William Ash, William Emeraon and Captain
67
Wassatti; seven men \<rorking four holes aoross the rlaim, good pay in all;
we cleared up $70,000.
No. 39. James Morrison aud Thomas Young; twelve men working on
four lays, employing seven others on wages; sixteen holes to bedrock;
high pan $5; largest nugget one ounce; cleared up $5.5,000.
No. 37. Dick Eckert, J. F. Hopkins; seven men working; five holes to
bedrock; high pan $17; creek runs in center of pay streak and early work
hindered by water; turned the creek across the hill and will work next
summer; $70,000.
No. 35, V. M. Cowley and W. L. Ayers; two men at work on lay; four
holes to bedrock: $20,000.
No. 35C fraction 100 feet wide). August Larson; two men working;
$25,000.
No. 351 (fraction 400 feet). Thomas Moore, Daniel McVicker; two
men workijjg for wages and two others on a lay; two holes to bedrock;
highest pan. $13; $20,000.
No. 35A (fraction 430 feet). Skiff Mitchell, Captain Hansen and Jos-
lin; ten men working on lay; eight holes down; best pan $3; $100,000.
No. 35. Charles Levy; three men at work on lays; four holes to bed-
rock; high pan $1.50; $30,000.
No. 33. liConard A. Mason, Henry Thibert and Peter Burgess; four
men working; five holes to bedrock; high pan $1.25; thirty-eight feet of
pay five feet deep; clean up $40,000.
No. 32. .John Smith; two lays let; seven holes Kunk and lays given
up, failing to strike i)ay.
Nos. 31 and 30. Patrick Cralvin, G. W. Byrne and W. E. Armstead;
six men working; ten holes to bedrock; five others stfi»*tC'J., l^r.t f.ooded
with water; high pan $19; clean up $80,000.
No. 29 (300 feet). Curley Monroe and Thomas Kirkpatrick (recently
purchased from Harry Wright for $19,000). Lays then; was bought off
and no work being done at present; 8 holes to bedrock, and tiwo good
dumps; $20,000.
No. 28. A. McDonald. Summer diggings; sluiced last year; in prepara-
tion ihis summer; i)rospeoted four holes down, covering width of tiO feet.
No. 27. William Chappel and Albert Gray. One man at work pros-
pecting; three holes down; $8,000.
No. 2ft.\ (fraction 170 feet). Pelcher Bros. One man prospecting.
No. 2(!. Alex McDonald and Frank Bouohard. Two men working; 3
holes down; summer diggings; will clean up this winter $20,000.
No. 24. Andrew Ness and Humboldt Gates. Six men working in three
lays; 10 holes i.o bedrwk; $50,000.
No. 23. Alex McDonald and Harper & I^aduo. Work begu^i and hin-
dered and finally stopped by wator.
No. 22A (fraction 75 feet). John William. Four men working; 5 holes
to bedrock; high pan $.50; clean up $30,000.
No. 22. John Lynn and Joe Topalla, Spencer and McPhee and Skiff
Mitchell. Three men at work on 75 feet; remainder worked out in 75 foot
lays; high pan $3S; clean up $75,000.
No. 21. l'"'red H. Berry, Clarence Berry, McGrath and O'Brien. Four
lavs let; 15 holes to bedrock; high pan $17.45; $20,000.
Three men working; 4 holes to bedrock;
11 holes to bedrock; high
No. 20. C. Monroe, Tom Kiri
high pan $71 : clear up $75,000.
No. 19. llarrv Olsen. Nine men working;
pan $8; $50,000.
No. 18. Thomas Kirkpatrick, John Van Iderstein; six men working;
five holes down: dirt running fioni $4 to $20 in a bucket; owners bought
out three men who held lays; $(;o,000.
No. 17. Thomas Kirkpatrick. Prospected last spring; good pay found,
but not being worked.
No. It!. Thomas Kirkpatrick, H. Ladue; three men on lay: three holes
to bedrock; high pan $7; nugget $12,80; bothered by glaciers; clean up
$20,000,
No. 15. Charles Sturgeon and Joseph Bouchard. Two men working
on lay; two holes down; clean up $20,000.
No. 14. Louis Smith, Joe Reno, Vic ].,ord; four men on wages; six
68
3
ee
n-
oles
kiff
ool
ugh
ing;
iBht
olos
lip
six
69
men on lay; fonr holes to btMlrofk; hiffh pan $10; larRpst $79. Sf); rloan un
$ioo,(;o().
No. 13. George Mulligan; fivo nirn wciUing; IhiTe holes to bedrock;
$4o,(;oo.
No. 12. Andrew Ness, Humlioldt Gates; eight men working; high pan
$2;5; eight holes to bedrock; dirt averages lOe.; elean np $7r),0(.0.
No. 11. John Bartlett; four men working; four holes to bedrock; high
pan $2.50; $40,100.
No. 10. J. J. Brown and Harry Davis; five men working; five hole.s to
bedrock; high pan $20; will have 22 in length, averaging 40c.; clean up
$4.i,000.
No. 9. George Johnson, .John Dlick; six men working; six holes to
bedrock; high pan $(!0; $75,000.
No. 8. B. Wash, John Whitney and Richard Butler; eleven men work-
ing; fourteen holes to belrock; high pan $01.50; $100,000.
No. 7. James and Daniel Robinson and H. McLean; eleven men work-
ing; eight holes to bedrock; high pan $80; $100,000.
No. 6. Frank Wadsworth and Alex McDonald; party summer dig-
gings; two men working; two holes down; high pan $14; six box lengths
of dirt of high average; $20,000.
No. 5. Not working.
No. 4. Drain being dug for sluicing this summer; prospected last year,
v.'ith good ground developed.
No. 3. Harry McDonald, Philip Kenny and James McClarty; fifteen
men a" work; seven holes to bedrock; high pan $33; nugget worth $104;
pay located; sixty feet across and not yet prospected within; will clean up
$120,000.
No. 2. Warburton; six men working; six holes down; high pan $68;
will clean un $40,000.
No. 1. James Robinson; tAvo men prospecting.
Discovery. Andrew Hunker, summer digging;
year: $200 to one pan; $7,000 to a box left.
No. 3 above. Alex McDonald and Zeke Ogilvie;
two lays; high pan $10,000; $20,000.
No. 5. Munson; three men threw up lay; owner conlinuod work and
struck good pay; will clean up $10,000.
No. (i. James Sullivan; two men working; $10,0!10.
No. 7. Albert Dalton; two men working lay; $10,000.
Nos. 8 and 9. William Young et al.; $10,000.
No. 9A (fraction 105 feet). 1). ('. Sager; four men on lay; $10,000.
10. C. r^hillip; two men working; $10,000.
Fred Brutceth; $5,000.
James Sullivan; one man working: $5,000.
J. J. McKay and Waugb; one hole to b(>droek; $5,000.
Edward Smith. John Black, Charles Martin; three men work-
took out $17,000 last
four men working on
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
12.
13.
17.
9<)
ing; two holes down; high pan $2.50; five-foot pay dirt struck; $20,000.
SKOOKUM OULCH.
Big and Little SkooUuni Guhlies, which come into Bonanza Greek a
little below the mouth cf K\ Dorado Creek, are extremely rich, 'fhe knoll
or rounded hill that separates the two is found to be rich to its vc^'v sum-
mit and the entire hili is located, there being thirteen tiers of bench claims.
One hundred men are employed on the hill and in the gulches and a
careful estimate of the output places the total at not less than $1,000,000.
DOMINION CRtEX.
Total estimated output, $150,000. This creek is in the Indian River
division and is a branch cf Sulphur Creek. It heads up in the same hills
where Bonanza and El Dorado have their source; though on the other side
o? the divide. The creek is scarcely out of the prospecting period and hfis
few large dumps, although shafts are being sunk at near intervals over
ten miles of its length. There are two Discovery locations four and a half
miles apart, and some confu:sion in locating between these has resulted.
The following are the largest dumps on the creek:
70
No. 15. Below Upper Discovery two men worUinR: five holes to bed-
rock; hig'h pan $14; located pay streak 100 feet; took cut $500 in four hours,
from fifty-seven buckets; $20,000.
No. I above Upper Discovery. Joe Beck. Two men working; took
$1,000 out of prospect hole; located pay streak 100 feet wide; $15,000.
No. 1 below Upper. Von der Held and Bowman. Two men working;
three holes to bedrock; $5,000.
No. 6 below. C. W. Hall, F. E. O'Brien. Three men working; two
holes get $3 to $30; clean up $10,000.
No. 9 below. Thompson & Co. Two men working; $5,000.
No. 29. .loe Beck and .John Hagerman. Two men working; $5,000.
No. 31. Ernoist Alexander, Louis Pond. Four m;>n working; high pan
$36; series of twelve pans, $12 to the pan; another series of five pans, total
$87.50; $20,000.
No. 31 A (50-foot fraction). Two men working; $5,000.
No. 34 (disputed claim). A. Donnelly and Olof Helgestad. Two men
working; two shafts to bedrock; ?5,000.
No. 35. John Brennan. Two men working; two holes '"own; $5,000.
No. 2 below Lower Discovery. Antone Bozatto, Eugem^ Vogel. Two
men working; four holes to bedrock; high pan 1 ounce; $15,000.
Other prospect holes and small dump3 on the creek will yield about
$15,000.
SULPHUR CREEK.
Total estimate of the yield, $150,000.
This creek is the main creek of which Dominion Creek is a branch.
It empties into Indian River. High muck banks may cause creek to be
backward in development; prospecting is being done over a large portion
of the creek with most encouraging results. From Discovery to 101 below
good pay has been found. There are on this creek one or two large
dumps.
No. 38, above Discovery. Charles Palmer, Dr. George Smith. Several
$50 pans; 10 feet of pay dirt, averaging $9 to the bucket; $90,000.
No. 4. McBride and Crowley. Nos. 5 and (5 Beckett and Foote. No.
28, King & Co. No. 48, John King, No. 30. S. C. Barrington. All are
making good pay, and will yield a total of $50,000; other claims will
yield $10,000 more.
EL DORADO CREEK.
a
lOll
im-
m's.
a
ver
ills
ide
iifis
ver
alf
ed.
Total output, estimated, $10,727,000.
El Dorado Creek— First location, fall of 1S9G; 58 claims staked. Pay
runs across creek, 80 to 150 feet in width.
No. 40. Owned l)y James Quinn, John Claffey and William Haas, is the
highest claim worked. Three men are employed there, four holes sunk
to bedrock; high pan $11; largest nugget $155; clean up $35,000.
No. 45. John Hartwell, John Asliby, Webb Lumpkin and John Janof-
sky. Two men working; 3 holes to bedrock; high pan $20; will clean up
$25,000.
No. 44. Same owners. Prospected all winter; only recently found
pay; will clean up $20,000.
No. 43. George Bunt, Normim Woodworth. Three lays let, but ill-
success in finding j)ay; $10.(100.
No. 42. T. C. Healy. Six men working; will clean up $50,000.
No. 41. Alec McDonald. Pat Gavin and Geo. Byrnes. Nine men work-
ing; but seven gave tip lays, two only remaining: these struck pay Feb-
ruary 22; $15,000.
No. 40. Same owners. Two lays let late in the year; $12,000.
No. C9A (fraction of 85 feet). Kirkpatrick and Harper and Ladue.
Two men working; four holes to bedrock; $25,000.
No. 39. Same owners. Two lays let; 10 holes down; 5 men working;
$80,000.
No. 38. Barnes & Matlock. Claim prospected; very rich pay located;
claim no't being worked this winter.
n
No. 37A (400 feet fraction). Robert Emboklt and George Reynolds.
13 men working; 5 iiolts down; will clean up ^l.'iO.OOO; nugget found,
$91.25.
No. 37. Alec McDonald, S. J. Stiles. Two men on lay; four others on
wages; have been working but a short time; will clean up $ttO,000.
No. 36. Same owners. Claims opened last year; pay streak located;
two men on lay; will take out $300,000.
No. 35. Mrs. .1. .1. Healy, Fritz Kloke. E. E. Gay, Charles Turgeon.
Peter King. Eight men working; have drifted from the surface and
hauled dirt out by means of dogs; $150,000.
No. 34. Alec McDonald, John Nelson, Harry Smith, Densmore, et al.
Three men on lay; $50,000.
No. 33A, Two men working; $30,000.
No. 33. Jenkins, Regan and Poterson. Ten nen; G holes to bedrock;
wide pay streak located; $250,000.
No. 32. Henry Anderson, Charlie Wnrden. Tilttle work done; $25,000.
No. 31. William C. Leak and O. W. Ashby. Six men working; $200,000.
No. 30A. James Tweed. Two men working; sluiced out last summer;
wiM clean r.p for winter's work $50,000; this is a fraction of 55 feet.
No. 30 McDonald and ChiM>pell. One corner of claim being worked;
balance suaimer digging. $100,t)itO.
No. 29. Charlie Anderson. Twelve men on one lay, and 3 men on
wages; $250,000.
No. 28. Amboldt, Gage, Fred Hutchison. Fourteen men; nine shafts;
$250,000.
No. 27. Alec McDonald, Joe Barrett. Eight men working; four shafts;
150 feet is l)eing worked for Barrett; McDonald has eighteen men employed,
and two lays are being worked. This is the claim from which McDonald
panned $11,000 out of four pockets, taken off the bedrock: $(500,000.
No. 26. Stanley and Worden. Twenty men employed; $300,000.
No. 25 and No. 24. Twenty men working; $500,000.
No. 23. Lou Ellis and Frank Uelcher. Eight men working; $100,000.
No. 22. Alec and Duncan McDonald. Four lays; will work out this
winter; sixteen men employed on wages; $300,000.
No. 21. J. J. Healy and ,Ioe Barrett. Ten men working 150-foot pay
streak; regular pans run $10 to $20; $300,000.
No. 20. Healy & Barrett. Prospecting; only one hole to bedrock;
$3,000.
No. 19. Dorey, McCee & Son. Ten men working: $60,000.
No. 18. Skiff Mitdiell, .John Lynn, Louis Sloss, Densmore Wilson &
Co. Sixteen men working: $300,000.
No. 17. James Hall, N. Picket. Two lays; fourteen men working;
$300,000.
No. 16. Thomas Lippy. Sixteen men working: $300,000.
No. 14 and No. 15. James McNamee. William Scouse, William Young
and Thomas Flack. Let out in ten lays: forty men employed: $1,000,000.
No. 13. W Ili..m T..eggett & Co. Thirty men working; $230 taken
in one pan, $1,100 in one bucket. T.,eggett bouf^ht this claim last year for
$45,000; paid $5,000 cash and took the balance out of the ground in six
weeks; will clean up $(150,000.
No. 12. liouis Langlois, George Ellis, Mrs. Healy. Eight men at work;
will yield $200,000.
No. 11. Fred Bruceth and Blake. Eighteen men nt work: $450,000.
No. 10. John Erickson. Sixteen men; two shafts: $350,000.
No. 9. George D. Mars. Sixteen men working; $350,000.
No. 8. James McNamee and Charles T^amb. Eighteen men; entire
claim will be worked out this year: $400,000,
No.
shafts; $300,000.
Nos. 6, 5 and 4.
$1 00.0,000.
No. 4A (133 foot fraction). Thomas Pelky. All let out on lays; $1.50,000.
No. 3. Knutz Halstead, Fred Bruseth. Sixteon men working; $200,000.
No. 2. Frank Phiscator. Eighteen men working: $250,000.
No. 1. Skiff Mitchell, Wilson, Newman and Mizner. Not working;
pummer digging.
Fred Hutchison and Louis Empkins. Twelve men working six
Antone & Berry's claims. Forty men working;
72
GAY GULCH.
Total estimated yield, .1!330,000.
Gay Guloh comes into El Dorado Creek at Kn ta Thr. i ,
month is very ricli. its estimated yield being ?300 ono u f^^"" ^^Z^"
Cliapell, Gay, King and Gray. ^ 1300,000. It is owned by
LAST CHANCE CREEK.
HunlTrVeel'^'TlZ'!::''- ^i''"'^'^^- Last Chance Creek is a tributary of
GOLD BOTTOM.
POINTS FOR KLONDIKERS.
The following nro the results of son.'o luu'.l-u-on exporionce«-
On the n.a.l to the gold diggings, don't uaste a single ounec of
anything even il yon don't like it. I'nt it awav, and Tt wil coint
handy when yon do like it.
if it is ever neeessary to eache a loa<l .»f provisions, put all artieles
next to the ground whieh would he most atleeted by hea , provid n (
the same time that dampness will not alleet their fooclproli:
any great extent. After piling your stulf, load it over cirefully with
r^ir'i " i^"^"' .^'"'^"P".^^^ hearings, and also note in your
H^ ; r,""" ""' "?'•'""-"■ '>^'/'"^» ^'1- the direetion in .hid
he\ look Irnn your c aehe-i. e., „,ake your caehe, if possible c( me
he wc.uoxaeilv nnr.h and .outh of two given prominent m^ksT^
lli.> un.Yevrn though .overed hy snow, you ean locate -vo.ir exist-
ence. Don t forget that it is so. '
ise of the skull, a horse
het
Shoot a dog, if you have to, behind the li
weeh the ears, rainjiiio' d
<l«>ii"t pull it: don't catch hold of the barrel
ownward. I'nss the trii^^er of
voiir rifle
IS registered. Watch out
do, don't shoot it out.
•!• gettiii''' sn
when thirty degrees l)el
ow in your barrel. If y
ow
ou
iiand
A little (Ir
ill
rra.-
"■ 'I'ly in the inside of von
"I promote great heat, especially when it sets Ilami) f
the moisture of your hands. Aft
"lands, remov(> the hay from tl
I I III
r mitts, next your
p from
niitts are reinovefl from the
Hi
row it awav,
e mitts and drv it. Fail
ng that.
Jf
liy any chance yon are travel
ing across a plain (no trail) and
a log comes up, or a bhnding snow storm, either of whicl
yonr taking your beariniis
is clear again.
1 wdl prevent
S'^, eanip and dop't move for anyone until all
73
Kt't']> iill voiir <lrinvslriii;,rs mi clolhiiii; in ihhh\ vv\ra'[\\ Don't for-
liX't to use voiir <;o<:<'li's wlicii the sim is ltri<:lit on snow. A fellow
is often teMi|)te(l to lenve tliein (»!]'. l)oirt von do it.
If von l)nil(l a sledge for e.xtrenie eold, don't nse steel rnnniTS.
I'se wooden, iind freezi' WiitiT on siiine hel'ore stiirtiii-; out. Kepeiit
tlie |)i()eess, if it lie^^ins to dra^- ;ind screech.
If yon ciinnot finish vour rations for one dav, <lon't put back iiny
j>art, hut put into your personal canvas outlit l>a<:; you will need it
later on.
'I'ake plenty of tow for |)acl\in^' possible criicks in your boat; also
two pounds of <idod pntly, s(tnie canvas ;ind. if i^ossible, a small can
of tar or white lead.
I'.'stablish camp rules, especially i'e;iiirdin,u' the food, .\llot ra-
tions; those while idle slnndd he less thiin when at work, and also
|)r() ratadurin<>- he;it and cold.
Keep your furs in yood re|)air. One little slit niiiy ciuise yon untold
iijxony dui'in^j: a mari'li in a heiivv storm, ^'oii can not tell when
such will he the c.ise.
Travel as much on clear ice towards your iionl as possibb' in the
sprin<i'. J)on't try to pull sled^^cs over snow, especiiilly if soft or
crusty.
I>e sure, durin<r the winter, to wiitch your foot ^'eiir carefully.
Chanjic wet stockin;^s hid'ore tlu'V fi'eeze, or vou niav lost' a toe or
foot.
In huildiiiff a sledge use liishin>i- entiiely. Uolts and screws liuk
a sledge to pieces in rou^h ^oin^'. nhile lashing" will '""iive."
Kee|) the hoixl of your kooletah back from your head, if not too
eold, and allow the moisture from your Ixxly to escape that way.
W'Ik'U yonr nose is bitterly cold, stulV with fur, cotton, wool or
anything- — both nostrils. 'I he cold will cease.
Don't try to carry moic than forty pounds of stuiV over that pass,
the first day, anyway.
If your furs ^ct wet, di'y tlu'in in a medium temperature. Don't
liold them near a fire.
No man can (ontinuously dra<2; more than his own wei^yht. lie-
member that this is a fact.
In cases of extreme cold at toes and liee1. wraj) a |)iece of fur over
cacli extremity.
Keep your slce|)in,ii- ha<i- clean. If it becomes inhabited, freeze Uie
inliabitants out.
It'enuMiiber su( cess follows economy and persistency on an e\-
jjcdition like your.-.
White snow ov( r a crevasse, if hard, is safe, ^'l'llow or dirt color,
never.
Don't eat snow or ice. do thirsty until yon can melt it.
Shoot a deer iiehind the left shoulder or in the head..
Choose your hunk as far from tent door as possible.
Keep a lire-hole open near your camp.
;
74
' J'v. •'*■<' 4 •
' ''I' V-V -i 1 iV*!
a
-3
^^
9
a.
u
a
l|
C 5
=
e S
"is
c ■
H-
C.3)
r. s
22
>■-<
05
« £
ft- 7,
C a
u
•mm " * "
OUTFIT FOR A HAN.
The following is a list of cverythin)^ neudfiil for a complete ;outfil for one
man for one year as compiled by MaulJouj^jal & Soutlnvick, Seattle, Wash.
Miners are advised to secure everythinjr of the very Ixst <iualily.
CLOTHING.
1 Slicker Lined Canvas Coat (best), each " $3 00 to §3 50
2 Blanket Lined Overalls, pair 2 50
2 Suits California Flannel Underwear (best j^rade), suit 4 o(j
I Danco — Waterproof and Windproof 2 00
1 ])air Wool Gloves 5(j to 75
2 suits Mackinaw Underwear, full 24 o/,. , warranled waterproof and
steam shrunk, per suit 3 00
2 Suits Light Weight Underwear, each $1 00 and 2 00
2 Heavy California Overshirts, each $2 00 and 2 so
2 Cotton Overshirts, each 50 to i 00
I Mackinaw Coat, full 36 0/ 4 50
I pair Mackinaw Pants, full 30 o/,., pair 4 00
1 pair Corduroy Pants, pair S3 00 to 4 00
3 pair Overalls, pair 50
6 pair Heavy Wool Socks, pair 35 to 50
2 pair (ierman Socks, pair $i 00 to i 50
6 pair Cotton Socks, pair 25
2 pair California Blankets, pair $s 00 to 10 00
3 pair Wool Mitts, pair 35 to 75
2 pair Wool Lined Leather Mitts, pair $[ 00 to i 50
I Heavy Cap i 00
1 Wide Brim Hat §2 uo and 3 cx)
2 Sweaters, each $2 00 to 4 00
6 Towels, each 25 to 50
I pair Heavy Suspenders 35 to 50
6 Bandanna Handkerchiefs, each 10 to 15
Book Pins 10
1 paper Assorted Needles 04
2 i)a])ers Safety Pins 14
I dozen Assorted Darning Needles 05
I paper Coarse Needles (34
I skein of Yarn 15
I spool Linen Thread, Black 10
1 spool Linen Thread, White 10
2 spools Black Cotton Thread 08
2 spools White Cotton Thread oS
1 bolt Mosquito Net 40
2 dozen Metal Pants Bu ttons 05
2 dozen White Bone Buttons 05
I Canvas Cover, "jxq, 10 oz. 1 )uck 2 25
1 Sleeping Bag, including Pillow , . 15 00
U2 pounds.
FOOTWEAR.
2 pair Goodyear's Gold Seal Rubber Hip, Boots, pair $6 50
2 pair Miners' Shoes, pair S3 (» to 5 00
1 pair Wisconsin Lt)ggers i 25
I pair Huron Rubbers . i 25
35 pounds.
PROVISIONS.
Weight— Lbs. Price.
400 Flour, per bbl $4 25 to §4 75
20 Corn Meal, Yellow or White, per lb i K to 01 %■
36 Rolled Oats, per lb 2>^ to 03
25 Pilot Bread (Hard Tack Crackers) per lb 3 to 03^4
jo Baking Powder, (Price's) per lb 30 to 45
79
76
3
oo
o
oo
o
S"
I
(JO
4
5<)
4
0()
4
i}()
50
50
1
5"
25
ID
00
75
I
^0
I
00
3
00
4
00
50
50
15
10
04
14
05
04
15
10
10
08
08
40
05
05
2 25
I
5 ^M
to 5 00
I 25
I 25
P4 75
03
03>^
45
Price.
Yeast Cakes, 12 boxes, 7 cakes In box, per dozen t)()xes $0 $0
Bakinvj Soda, per lb 05
Rice, per lU So 05 to 0(1
Means, per lb if/ I" <>^'A
Split Peas, per lb 15
ICrbst Wursl, Evaporated (IVa Sausage), 12 paika^es,
P' paekaj^e 90
Compressed Sonps in ])acka}^es, to S plates of soup
in eaeh paeka r, per dozen i 25
ICva; >rated Soup Wjjetables, pur lb 25 to 40
Houilijn Cai)sules, 2 dozen, per dozen 50
ICvajJorated I'otatoes, per lb 15
Evaporated Onions, per lb 30 to ()0
Heef Extract, y^ doz. 4 oz. , per doz 5 50 to 7 75
I'vvai)orated Apples, per lb oO to 10
I'yvaporated Peaches, p/er lb o() to 10
Evaporated Apricots, per lb o() to 10
Dried Raisins, per lb </> to lo
( Jranulated Suj^ar, per lb 05 ,!i'
Saccharine Tablets. 5o(> tablets in bottle, eaeh tablet
sweetens ciii) of tea or colfce, per bottle I 25
Hreakfast Hacon (very best ipiality), per lb 11 ?/^ to \2}^i
Bacon Backs, per lb kj
Dried Heef, per lb iS
Pork 'Dry Salt), per lb 07 to 07 '^
Roast Coffee, j^round, in tin cans, per lb 15 to 40
Tea, jier lb 25 to 65
Cocoa, in 'i-lb. tins, per lb 50 to 90
Chocolate, per lb 20 to 25
Condensed Milk (2 doz. cans), per doz ()5 tt) i 25
Creanierv Butter,in tin cans hermetically sealed, per 11). 25 to 2S
Table Salt, per lb
Cround Pei)per, best and strictly i)ure, per lb 25
(iround Mustard, per !^ lb 15
( linj^er, per ;^ lb ao
Cinnamon, per lb 45
Jamaica (linger, 2 4-oz. bottles, per bottle 30
Evaporated Vinetj^ar, i qt., per bottle 80
Citric Acid, per lb 60
Matches, i tin, 24 packaj^es. jier tin 60
Lar.ire tins, do packai^es (15 lbs.), ])er tin i <x)
Candles, i box containiuif 120 Candles, i)er box i 30 to i 75
Laundry Soap. ])er lb 05
Toilet vSoap, Tar, 5 cakes, per cake 05
HARDWARE AND SUNDRIES.
This list includes everythins^ needful, and if more than one person is
included in the j)arty the list will be i^reatly reduced for the reason that a
great many of tlie tools are taken for boat b'viilding, and many of the other
items, such as stoves, cooking utensils, carpenters' tools, eti.-., can be used in
common.
Weight— Lbs. Price.
6
3
50
100
25
6
8X
10
'A
as
10
25
25
25
10
75
150
30
25
25
10
5
5
20
20
20
I
H
'A
I
f)
I
16
5
2
1249
H
2
7
3
5
3K
1 ( 'lold Pan, e;ich $0 30
2 Galvanized Pails, each 15
I Whetstone, each So 05 to 10
I Sled 4 50 to 5 00
I Pick and Handle i 25 to i 50
I Prosjiector's Pick, each 85
r Hatchet 50 to 75
I Whi]i Saw, 4}i feet complete, with box and tiller 3 25 to 4 50
f I pair Scissors 25 to i 00
I I'-ish Lines and Hooks 25 to 50
I I (Jold Scale i 25 to 3 50
[ I Chalk Line, each 05
77
I
1 /
.2
5
2 )
1/
4
5
I
1/
+
4
'2
3
I
f I Measuring Tape, ^o or loo feet (patent) $o
I Money Hilt
3'j I 1 Cartridge Belt
I (lold Dust Hajf ((loul)le hiiclvskin;
I I pair Snow (llasses
\ ' I'il"-"
8 •' Caiilkini; Iron
f 1 ( )ne .Ni;in Saw, 4 and | '.. lerl lon;^ 2
I I land Saw
I Shovel
20 ll)s. <)( Nails, per Ih
^2 do/.eii Assiifted I'dcs
I 1 landled A\
1 hrawinij Knife
I Jaek Plane
I Hraeu and } liils, e<»,;ipU If i
3 Chisels, assiirled, for 3
f I Butcher Knife
' I Iluntinjj Knife
I I I'ocket Knife
I Compass .
I Set Awls and Tools
1 Seabbard
10 100 feet of yi or ^^s-ineil 1^111)0, per 11)
ft I Medieine Case 3
10 10 11)S. of Pitch, per lb
15 I? lbs. of ( )akum, per 11)
( Knives and l-'orks, 1 eaeh, for 2 pieic^-
I Table and TeasjtKons, 3 eaeh. for }, (U>7.. assorted
j I Lari^c Sjjoon ((Iranite), eaeh
' ] I Hread Pan (patent)
2 (Iranite Cups, eaeii
3 ( Iranite Plates, eaeh
\ I ColTee Pot ((Jalvani/.ed), eaeh
) I Fry Pan, eaeh
32 I Stove, from 3
4 3 ( iranite Huekets, for nest of ;, i
1 8 I Dutch Oven
I a
1!^
35 to
$0
t».
50 to
1
00
50 to
75
50 to
75
2^ to
5"
15 to
50
4') to
50
O) to
(i<^ to
I
75
00
do to
I
35
03 'j
4') to
do
7.^ to
65 to
6fj to
1
25
75
75
00 to
75 to
I
I
35
00
15 to
75 to
50 to
I
1
35
75
50
25 to
35 to
I
75
75
25
50 to
5
00
05
10
II)
15
12
25 to
30
I 2
12
30 to
-;o
15 to
25
50 to
(,
(O
00 to
I
10
(JO to
I
:o
225
Weight and Approximate Cost of an Outfit.
Weii^ht. Cost.
Clothinj; 112 lbs. S75 eo
(Iroceries 1241) " $75 00 to 9 > no
Footwear 35 " 25 00
Hardware 225 " 40 00
OUTFIT FOR A WOMAN.
llcro is Avliiil ;\ woiiiiiii who lias roiii^licd it on llio KlondilvO says
ii woniiiii iictiiiilly needs in the way of an ontlit — presiipposin;^'.
of coiirsi', lliat she j^-oes tlie only way that a woman slioiild uo — witli ;i
man who lal<es llie neeessarv eampint:'. housekeepinu' and i'ood outfit.
The I'oiJowinii" slic shoidd lalxc witii iier: Oiu' iiiedicini^ case lilled 01
tiic advii'f of a li'ood pliysician. 'Two pairs of extra heavy all-wool
hlankcts. One small pillow. One I'lir i'(d)e. One warm shawl. One
fur (oat, ca.sy littinu'. Three warm woolen dresses, with eomt'ortahle
IxMlieo.'; and skirts of knee-lon^tli — tinnnol-lined prcferalile. Three
pairs of knielxcns or l)l()(>iners to mateli tlio di'esses. Tlirce .suits of
heavy all-wnol underwear. Tliree warm llannel ni^li I dresses, l-'oiir
pairs of knitted woolen stoekiniis. One pair of I'nhher hoots. I'liree
giiifiliaiii aprons lliiit reaeli from neck to knees. Small ndl of flannel
78
for iiisolcH, wrapping' llif feet nnd ])an(la<ros. A scvviiif; kit. Such
toilet artii'ics iiH nil! iil>H»liiti'l_v ncct'ssary, iinlii(liii<; soiiif skin un<xiii'iit
in protect the fiice from the icy cold. Two lijxlit Idoiiscs or shirt-
waists I'ur suimiicr wear. Otic oilskin ])lnnkct t(t wrap her eiVects in.
The foliowin'' iirtich'S slioiiM he secured at St. Michael's:
One I'ur cap, two pairs of I'nr tiloves, two |)airs of fur seal mocca-
sins, two pairs of muducs — wet weather moccasins. She wears what
she pleases en route to St. .Micliacrs, and when she makes her start
for the (lij:jiin<rs she lays aside her civilized traveling: pirh, iiu-ludiu^'
shoes and stays, until she comes out. Instead of carryiu;i' the fur rol>e,
fur coat and rul^her hoots alouir, she can ;:et them on entcriu'^ .\laska.
(;0
oo
on
(lO
ays
1^;-.
1 il
lit.
or
ool
)ne
hie
rce
of
our
rt'C
ncl
PROCESS OF PLACER MINING.
Jn view (d' the keen attention manifested hy the freneral public
in repird to the recent marvelous discoveries of jioltl in the
Klondike rej^ion, the following!: <lcsciiption of the process of placer
iniiMn<f, taken from an otlicial I'cport of William 0«iilvie, a Canadian
^'overnnu'Ut surveyor, may he of interest. Mr. 0;;ilvie has spent much
tinu' in the Yukon country and this extract is taken from his report
for last year:
"The process of pUucr uunin;^f is ahout as follows: After clearing'
all the coarse <iravcl and stouts oif a ];atch of ^rouml, the ndner lifts
a little of the tinner f^ravel or sand in his pan, which is a hroad shal-
low disli, made of slron^f shci t iron; he then puts in water enoujih to
till the |»an aiul f>ives it a few rapid whirls and shakes; this tends to
])rin<; the ifold to the hottom on account of its <,n"eater specilic <rravity.
'I'he dish is then shaken and held in such a way that tlu' ^^ravel aiul
sand are jiradually washe<l out, care l>ein«r taken as the ])rocess nears
completion to avoid lettinfr out the liner ami heavier i)arts that have
settled to the hottom. Finally all that is left in the pan is whatever
gold that uuiy have been in the dish, and souu' hiack saiul which
invariably accompanies it. This black sand is nothing but pidverized
magnetic iron ore.
"Should the gold thus found be tine, the contents of the pan are
thrown into a barrel containing water and a |)ouncl or two of nu'rcury.
As soon as the gold comes in contact with the mercury it combines
and forms an amalgam, 'i'his ])rocess is continued until enough
anuilgam has been formed to pay for 'roasting' or 'tiring.' It is then
scpM'czed through a buckskin bag, all the uu-rcury that comes through
the bag being put back into the barrel to serve again, and what re-
mains in the bag is ])laced in a retort, if the miner has one, or if iu)t,
on a shovel, and heated until ncai'ly all the mercury is evaporized.
The gold then remains in a lump with souu? uu'rcury still held in
c(md)iuation with it. This is called the 'pan' or 'hand' nu'thod, and
is never, on account of its slowness and laboriousness. c-ontinued for
any length of time when it is possible to procure a 'rocker,' or to
make and ivork sluices.
A MORE Ef-A BORATE METHOD.
"A rocker is simply about three feet long and two wide, made with
a heavy sheet iron bottom, which is |)unched full of (|uarter-iiuh holes.
The other part of the box is fitted with an incline about nddway in
79
its (leptl), wliicli is six or c!<j]it 'nriios lower at its lower ond than at
its ii|»|)er. Over this is j)hi(x'(i a piece of luuivy wooh'ii bhmkct. 'i"he
wliole is then mounted on two rockers, imieh rc.-cml)lii)^- those of an
ordinary cradle, t-nd when in use tiicy are ])hicc(l (ui two blocks nl
\vo()<l so that the whnli nsay he rcxlily I'ockcil.
"After tlie miner Jiis selected his claim he looks for the jnost con-
venient place to set up lus "rocker/ which must he near a ^ood supply
of water.
"'i'hen. he proceeds lo clear away all the stones and coai'se ;_'Tavel,
^atherin^ the (inei- j^ravel and sand in a heap near the 'roeke]'.' The
shallow l)o\ on toj> is tilled with this, and with trnv hand the nnner
rocks it. while witli the otiier hand tie ladles in the water. The finer
matter witJi thej^ohl falls throu<>ii the hoh's onto the hianket, which
cheeks its pro<^ivss and liohis the line particles of l:oI<I, while the
sand and other matter pass oscr it to the liotti.m of the liox. which
is slop"(| so that what comes th:(Ui^;li is wiished dowuwaid and finally
out of tlie hox.
"Across the hottom of the hox arc fixeil thin >lals. I.ehind which
f^ome mercury is placed to catch any particles of ^dld that mav escape
the hianket. If the uold is nnej^i-ly. the larnc nu;.;;.;'cts ai'e f.)und in
the ii]»per h(>.v, their weight (letainin;.^' them until all the lii^hter stiilT
lias passed throuj,di, and the smaller ones are held hy a deepei' slat at
the outward en<l of ilie hottom of the h'l.x. The jtiece of l>laid<et is at
intervals taken out and rinsed into a barrel if the gold is fine, mercuiy
being j)laced at the bottom of the l)arre].
SLUICING FOR (iOLD.
"Sluieinir is always employed when ]M)ssii)le. it reqr.ires a rrood
supply of water, with snthcient head or tall. The process is as fol-
lowi*: IManks are procured and formed into a hox of siutahle wi<lth
and depth. Slats tire ikxed across the bottom of the box at suitable
intervals, or shallow holes are bored in the bottom in such oi'd^vr that
no particle could rnn alonj; the bottom in a stiaiaht line and escape
runnin;*;" over a hole. Several of llu'se boxes are then >('{ up with a
considerable sinjte, and are litte<l into one another at the ends, like
astovepi])e. A stream of water is now liirccted into tln' upper end of
the hifilu-st box. 1'he giave! lia\in,sf bicn collected, a.i; in the case of
the ro(-kcr, it is shoNcled info the upper box, and is washed dowii-
wai'd by the .stronj^' ciii'rent <>\' water. The u(i!<l is detained bv its
weiffjit, and is held by the slats or in the iioles mentioned: if it is
fine, mercnry is])lati(i behind the slats or in these holes to catch it.
"In this way about three times as much dirt can be washed as bv
the ro<|.:ei'. and coiise(pienlIy thi'ce times as much i^old can be secured
in a uiveii time.
"A great many of the miners spend their time in the summer pr(ts-
pecting, and in the winter resort to what \- cidleil •burning." Thev
make fires ori thesurfa'o, thus thawing the ground until the b"d-i'ock
is reached. The ])ay dirt is bi'ougld to the surface ami heaped in a
pile until spring, when water can l)e obtained. The sluice boxes aiv
then set np and the <lirt is waslied out. thus enabling the minei' to
work advantageously and jirofitably the year rountl. This nieilnxl
hu8 been found very satisfactory in jtlaces where l!ie pay streak is at
80
hie
liat
■;i|R'
I ii
ik*"
.,r
»\vii-
It is
hy
11 fed
il'dS-
hcy
• nick
ill a
arc
■r to
llnd
is al
any '^rvAi ilipili I'imih liic .-iirl'acc. Tii this way '.lie fnin]>kunt i> (i\cr-
coiiic wliicli lia.- -n ( iiiiiiiiiiiily liccii adxaiKcd liy llic iiiiiicr-. n\\t\ uilicis
tlial ill the ^'llkllll -cvcial iiioutli.^ of the year arc Inst in idlcnc.-s.
Winter 11,-iially .-et.- in very .-(ion al'tcv the middle nj' Sc|iteiiiher and
(•(intiniies until the hcLiinnin;^' (il'.lune. 'I'he nierciiry lrci|iieiilly Talks
l(» (10 dej.;rees hejiiw zel'i.. hilt ill the illtcrini' I here is xi little hlllli'dily
in the :iliiiii.-|ihere tiiat the enld i< iikh'c easily endured than iMi the
(•(last. In the ah.-eiiee (if I heniionieler-. iiiiiiers. it is said, leave their
iiiereiir\' (lilt all niuht and when lliey liiid it i'rd/cii -nlid in the iiMirn-
\]\'^ they coiieiude that M is I 'did In udrk. The lciii|icrat ure runs
to ^'reat extremes in summer. a> wdl as in wiiiler. it lieiiii:' (|iiile a
coniinoii thiii;^- for the ilieriiKimcter to rei;i.-ler ini) <|cnr,.|.^ jn |||,.
shade."
ALASKA MINING LAWS.
'I'he Act 'if Ciiiiure.-s of May 1:. hssl. iirovidiiiLr a civil ij-dvern-
meiit for .\la>ka, pr(i\i(le> that: '■The laws of the I'liilcd Stalivs
relaliji"' to iiiiniiM- ekiim.-- ai'd the riijhts iiicideiil thereto, shall, iroin
and al'tei' ihe pa.-.-a^c of this act. lie in full fdrce and eire( t in said
district." The further iiiinin,!i' laws a|i|ilieali!e are as fdllou-:
riiited Slates K'evi.M'd Statu'es. Sec. -i'Ms. Ill all ea,-e.- lands
valiiahle I'nv minerals .-hall he re.-er\c(l fruiii .-ale. e\ce]it as ol hcru i,-e
expressly direet((l hy law.
Sec. 'i'.WU. .\\\ vaiiiahh mineral depn.-ils in land- heldiiiiini: In the
I iiiteil States, hoth siir\c\c(| and uii.-ur\i'\('d. are licichv declared to
he free and open to expldialioii and pnrcha.-* . and the lands in which
they ai'e fdiiiid to dcciipalinn and piirclia>e, hy eiti/ens df the Inileil
States ai!(l tiio-c who have (leclarcd llicir inteiitidii to hccduie such,
under rei^ulatidiis pre-crihed hy law, and accordinu to the local cus-
toms or rule- of miners in the ,-everal niinini;- di.-tricts. so far as the
.-ame are applieahlc and not ineoii.-i.-teiit with the laws of the Iniled
States.
Sec. V.'l".'i). Miniiio- eliiims upon \ciii.- dr lodes or (piarl/. or other
rock in place, heariiii:' u'old. silver, einnahar. lead, tin, copper, or other
vallialile deposits hel'ctofol'e located shall he ;.;oVerned a.- to len^tli
.■don;^' the \ciii or lode hy the customs. I'cLiiilations and laws in force
at tile late df location. .\ mininjj' claim located after the tenth of
May, ei(.:lileeii hiiiidred and -evciily-two. whether located hy oiie or
more per.-oiis, may e(pial hiii ^liall not e\eec(|, dUe thousand live huii-
dre(l feet in leii.iith ahuiL;- the vein or lode: hut no location of a milliner
claim shall he made iinnl the di-!'o\ery of the vein or Idde within ihe
limits ')f the claiiii ldcalc(|. Nn claim -hall e.xtciid iiKire than three
hundred feet on each side df the middle df the vein at the -iirfaee,
iidp shall any ( laim lie limited hv anv iiiiiiinL' reuiilal ion to le-.- than
lwenty-li\e feet oil each -ide of the middle of ihe \('in at the surface,
e.vcept w here adverse rights e\i-1 iii^ (m the teni h da\ of .Ma v. eii:hteen
]iiiii(lre(l and .-event v-l w(i. render such limilalion nece-sary. The end
lines of each claim -hall he parallel to each other.
See, ?.')•.'•.'. 'idle locators of all miiiini;' locations heretofore niade
nr which shall hereafter lie made, on any mineral vein. lode, or ledjic
situated I'll the puhlic domain, their heir- and a>siLrii-. where no
adverx' ciiim e\i>t- on the tenth dav of Max. eiuhlecn hiin(lr(il and
seventy-two. m- 'oii;^' as they ((unply with the laws of the I'nitcd
81
States, iuid witli State, tci'i'itorial. and local rci;iilat ions imt in ciuillict
with the laws (if llic I'liitcil States u()Veniiiii; their possessorv tith',
shall have tlu' exclusive riiiht nf piKsessioii and enjnynient dI' all the
surface included willii'' the lines of thcii' localidii.-. and oj' all vt'ins,
lodes, (»!• led;:{'S, I hiouLihout their entire depth, and the lop of
iij)ex which lies in>ide (d' such surface lino cxtcnilcil downward \er-
tically, although such veins, lodes or led^ics niav so fai" depail from
a |ier|iendi(iilar in I hrii' ( luii'-c dow nward a> lo r\iend .■ ml side I he ver-
tical outside lines of -uch surfaic location-. Ihit their i'i,i;hl id' pos-
session to such outside parts of such veins or ledi^es shall he conjiued
to such p(U'tion> thereof as lie hetwecn \erlieal I'lanes drawn down-
ward as aitove descrihcd throujih the emi lines of their locations, so
continued in their own direction that .-luli planc> will inti'rsect suth
exterior pails of .-uch vein- (,!• Iedi;cs. And iioihiiiii- in this section
shall auth<u'i/,e the locatoi- ny pn>-e>MU' of a vein oi' lode which
cxteinls in its downward course lievond the vertical lines of his claim
to enter upon the .-ui'face (d' a claim ow lud or possessed ])\ another.
Sec. \^.'A'i\. 'The minei's of each miniiii:' disti'ict shall make rei^ii-
lalioti- not in conllict with the laws (d' the I'luti'd State-, oi- with the
laws of the state oi tci'i'itoi'y in which the disti'ict is siliialeil. ;^'overn-
in^ till' locatimi. manner of i'ecord'n<i'. amount of work iiece.-sar\ to
hold possession of a minin>i" claim, -nhjcct to the following reipnre-
iiients: The location must he distinctly marked on the uroiiiid so
that its hoiiiidaries can he readily traccil. All iccorils of mining"
claims hereafter made shall contain the name or names of the locators,
the date of the location and -iich description of the claim or claims
located \)\ refei'i'nce to some natural ohject or pciinaneiit nioniimeiil,
a'', will identify the claim. On each claim loealeil afler ilie tenth day
of ^hly, eijziiteeii liiiiidred and seveiity-t w n, and until a patent has
heen issued therefor, not less than oiio hundred dollars' worth id'
lahor shall he performed or improvement made duriiii:' each year. On
all claims located prior to the tenth of May. ciuihteeii hiindied and sev-
enty-two. ten dollars' woiih of lahoi' shall he performed, or improve-
ments made hy the tenth of .[iiiie. ciLihteen hundred and scventy-four,
and each year thereafter for each one iiundred feet aloiiii' the \fin
until a. pa.ient has heen issued therefor: hut where such claims are
held in comnion. such expenditure may he made upon any one claim;
and upon failure to loinply with these conditions, the claim or mine
upon which -ueh failure occui'red -hall he opened to relocation in tlu>
same manner as if no location of the same had ever heen made: I'ro-
\idcil. iha.t the oi'i.i:iiial locators, their heirs, assigns, or leiial repre-
sentative-. ha\e not resumed work upon the claim after failure and
hid'ore such location. I'poii the railiire of anyone of sc\eral co-
owners who lia\e performed the lahor. or made the improvements
may, at the expiration of the \ear. ';ive siieli delimpient eo-o\viier
personal notice in writing;' oi' notice In piihlieatioii in the newspaper
|uililislicd nearest the claim, for at least once a week for ninety ila\-.
and if at the I'Xpiration of ninety day- after -ueh notice in writiuij',
or hy piihlii atiou. siuh ilclimpieiit >lioiild fail or refuse to coiitrih-
ute his ]»ropoi'tion of the expenditure reipiired hy this section, his
intere-t in the 'laiiii shall hecoiue the propci'ty of his co-owners, who
have made the e.\]iendilured.
82
> 2i
83
Boc. 2'<VM'>. AVIicro (wo or more veins intersect or cross ciicli otliei'j
])riorily of title sluill ^'n\crn, mid siicli jirior location shall lie entitled
to all oi'e or niinei'al contaiMcd within the .-pace of intersection; hut
tho snhse(|ne))i location shall have the ri<:ht of way tlirou<ih the spaco
of intersection for the |)nr|inses of the convenient workinjj; of the
mine. And where two or more veins unite, the oldest, or prior loca-
tion shall take the vein helow tlu poin.t of union, includin;^- the space
of intersection.
See. •^'');i."). A patent for any land ciniined and located for valualile
deposits may he ohtaiiicd in tl.e i'ollowiiiu- manner: .\ny person, asso-
ciation ()!• corpoi'atidn authorized to locate a claim under thi? ihapter,
luivinu' claimeii and located a piece of land for such purposes, who has,
or have, complied with the terms of this cha|tter, may tile in the proper
land ollice an application for a patent, under oath, showing such com-
pliance, to.uctlie'- with a plat and Held notes of the claim or claims in
common, madi' liy. or under the direction of the ['luted States Sur-
veyor-( ieneral, sliowiiii:- accuiately the houndaries of the claim or
claims, which shall he distinctly mai'ked_ hy monuments on the >;'r<»un(l,
and shall post a copy of such plat, tojicllu'r with a notice of such ap-
plication for a patent in a conspicuous place on the land e-mhraced in
such plat previous to the lilin<i' of the application for a jiatent and shall
tile an allidavit of at least two pei'sons that such notice has heen duly
posited, and slial' lile a copy of such notice in such laml ollice, and shall
thereu|ion he entitled to a patent for the land, in the manner follow-
in<i': The reiiister of the land oHice. upon the (ilinj; of such applica-
tion, plat, liehl notes, notices, and allidavits, shall puhlish a notice that
such application has iiceii made, for the period (d' sixty days in a lu'ws-
piiper to he hy him designated as jiuhlished nearest to such idaini;
and he shall also post such iiotici' in his ollice foi- the sanu' period.
1'he claimant at the time of rdin«:- this application, oi- at any time
thereaflei', within sixty days id' piihlication, shall lile witli the ri\uis-
ter a certilicate of the I'liited States surveyor-general that [\\v hun-
<lred dollars" worth of lalior has heen expemh'd on improvemeids made
upon the claim hy himself or iirintors; that the jdat is correct, with
sucdi fui'ther description hy such nd'crcnce to natural ohjects or ]ier-
nianent iiioiiuiiienis as <liall ideiitiry the claim and lnrnish an ac-
cuiale description, to he inc(Upoi'at(d in the patent. At the expira-
tion of (he sixty days i,\' piililicalioii the claimant shall liK' his alli-
davit showiiii;' that the plat and notice lia\»' heen posted in a I'onspicii-
ous place on the claim diiriiiu' >uch period (d' jiuhlication. If no
adverse claim shall have heen liled with the rei^ister and the receiver
(d' the proper laml ollice at (he expiration ot the -ixty <lays oi' (uihli-
cation, it shall he assiinied that the applicant is I'lititled {^\ a patent,
upon t!ie payment (o lh<' pi-oper oHicer of live (l(dlar> per -m-w. m 'd
dial no advei'se claini exist-: and that tlKreafter no ol)jeclion< l'rN*m
third parties !o the issnam-e of a patent. Jiall he lu'ard. e\ce'|>t ii lie
shown that the applicant li;!s failed to coftt'[dy with the terKto im this
chapter.
Si
«)"■)'
'i'lie description of vein oi' lo-de claims, t«|»«h <«irvt'Vod
lands, shall d(>si,i:na(e (he location of the claim with wft riince to the
lini's (d' the piihlic surveys, hut need not conform ■h"re\\ith: l>ut
wiiere a patent shall he issued for claims upon un-UiU_\ed lands, the
84
LT
111
r-
or
III
ilv
liat
\vs-
iin;
.ul.
mo
i'is-
iin-
iitlo
ith
ir;l-
illi-
IVtT
I'llt,
•m
'ws
Itlio
hilt
survovor-ii'cncriil. in cNtcnilinu' llu- siirvcvs >li;!ll iii!jii>t llic .-amc \n \\\r
liiiuiulai-ics (if sncli pati'iiti'd i-hiiiiis. afcordinu lo llu plal or tk'scri|)-
tioii tius'i'iir. lint .-.(t as in no case to intt'rt'civ w illi or iliaiiLic the loca-
tion oF any siuli palmlcd flaiiii.
Aft ol' ('oiiL:rfs> of .laiiiiarv 'I'i, iSSd. — An act lo aiiicnd sci'tions
twcntv-tlm'c liiiiidrcil and t wnity-roui' and twciity-tlirrc liiiiidrcd and
t\V('iity-li\(' of till' lit'visc'd Statutes ul" llie Iniied Stales eoiieei'iiing
mineral lands.
JJe it enacted, etc., That section twenty-lhi'ce hundred and tweniy-
f'lve of the I'evised Statutes of tlu' I'liited States Ite aineiuU'd hy
addiiiji' hereto the i'ollow in^' words: "rrov ided. That wliiTe the (daim-
aiit for a |>atei)t is not a resideiil of or in the land district wherein the
vein, lo(U', lcd;;(' or deposit sought to he patented is located, the ap-
]tlication I'or patent and the allidavits rc(|uired to he made in this sec-
tion hy the ( laimant for such patent may he made hy his, her, oi- its
authorized a^cnt where said a.uent is comcrsant with the facts sou,i:lit
to he cstahlished hy sai(l allidavits; and provided. That this section
shall apply to all ap|ilicalioiis now peiidiii,u- tor patent,-, to miiu'ral
liunls.""
Sec. "i. That section twcnty-thnv !iiindred and twenty-four of
tlie licvised Statutes of the rniled States he amended hy addiii;^
thereto the followiii;:' word.--: "i'l'ovidcd. That the period in wlm-h
the work required to he done annually on all iinpateiiteil inimral
-hall
coiiimence on the lir.^t dav of .laiiuar\ succeeilm': rlii
claims
date of location of such claim, and thi- section >lia!l a.'ply to all
claims located since the tiiith of May, anno hoinini ei;ihteen liuii-
dre<l and seveiit \ -t wo."
Act of Congress of l'ehi'uar\ 11, l.'^l'). — All .ut t<i aim lid section
two thousand three hundred ami t weiity-f"iir of the Ifevi-cd Statutes,
relating' to the development of the miniii^" I'e.-oiirc i .- of the Inittd
States.
I)e it enacted, etc
That scition i\\n Ihou-a' d three hmidrcd an<l
twi'iity-foiir of t he Ifevised Stat iiies h»>, anD ih<' .-anie is hfrehy iiiucnd-
0(1 to that where a person nr .nmpaiiv ha-, or may rnii a tiiimcl fur
K' ]ilirpov(' of (It \('|opiiiL: ;i lode, or h dc,>, o\\ lud 'i\ .-aid person or
:en and
tl
ecmipany. 1 he mmicy so c\p(
ndeij in ^,lid tiiiim -hall he t,il
coiisidei'ed as expended mi said lode (M' lodi's j(» «t;.ti'r (o hold the same
as re(|
iiired hv said ad. (Si e paiic hi.)
I'liited Slate
aw
.— S.
W'lu'TC' a tunnel i~ run for tht>
devi'lopnieiit of a vcir lU' loile, oi' f^r the di>eovt ry of mimes, the own-
ers of such tunii'.'l- shall have the liuht of posM-.-ion of all veins o'
lodes wilhin three thmi>and feet from the fiiee ol sm h tunnel (vn tin
line thereof, not prc\iously known lo c
MSt. (
liseovered in sMt-h tunnel.
lo the same (
xtelil as if discoveied fi'(un the siirfa
CI • iMid • II. II joea-
i| appe.ii'ini;' oti
tioiis on the line of >m h tunnel n\' \ein> or |(h|( -
the -"Urface. made hy other paiMJes al'ler the comitKi'.eemcnt of the
tunnel, and while the -ame i- Ikiiiu' pro-ei uted witli rea-oiiahle dili-
p'lice, shall he invalid: hut failure to pin-ecute the W'lrk (.vi the
tunnel lor six uioiiths >liall he eoiisidered as an Mhaiidouuu'iit of the
riuht to all uiulisco> cred vein.- on the line of >ueli tiiiimd.
ll
le
bb
PLACER CLAIMS.
8i'C. •J;!'^!). Cliiiius usually cm lied "[
)l!lCt'l\'
IIU'
<l('j)(tsil. I'.xccptiii;^' veins ol' (|iiiirtz, or other i'(k
liidiiifi all fonns of
in iilaee. shall bo
sn
hjeel to entry and patent, under like eireunistances and (■onditions,
and upon similar procri'dm^s. as are provided
for vein or lode elainis;
)Ut where the lands have hei'ii previouslv siirvcved hv tlu'
'niteil
(States, the entry in its exterior limits shall eoiiroriii to the legal sub-
divisions ol' the piiblie lands.
I'nited States Law. — See. -i'MU). J.egal siilidivisions of forty acres
may bo subdivided into teii-aere traets: and two or more persons, (U-
associrttions ol' |)ers()ns, having eontiguoiis elainis of any .-ize, although
sueli elainis may be less than ten acres each, may take joint entry tliere-
oi'; but, no loealion of a placer elaiiii, made after the ninth day of
.July, eighteen hundred and seventy, ^llall exceed (Uie hundred and
sixty acres for any person, or association id' persons, which location
shall conform to the riiiled Slates surveys; and nothing in this sec-
tion eoiilaiiied shall defeat or impair any bona lide pre-em[)tion or
homestead claims upon agricidt ural lauds, or aulhori/e the t^ale of
improvements of any bona lidi' sit tier to any piirclia.>er.
See. <?;i;!l. \\lier(! [)laeer-elaiins arc upon surveyed lands, and
conform to legal subdivisions, no further survey or plat shall be re-
(piired, and all plaeer-niiniiig claims located after the tenth of May,
eighteen hundred and seveuty-l uo, shall confoi'in as near as practi-
cable with the rniled States system of public lauds surveys, and Jio
such locali(ui shall include more than twi'iity acres for each individ-
ual claimant: but wheiv placer-claims cannot be conformed to legal
.subdivisions, survey and plat ,-haJl be made ;;.-. on uiisurveyed laiuls;
and where i)y Ibe segi'cgatioii of mineral lands in any legal subdivis-
ions a (piantity of agricultural land less than forty acres remains, such
fractiiuial portions of agricultural lands may be enfered by any party
qualilied by law. lor bomcstea<| oi' pre-euij)tion j)urjM)ses.
PLACER CLAIMS CONTAINING LODES.
I"^nitP(l States Law. — See. •?.'!.');!. AMieic I he same person, associa-
tion or ((M'poration is in possession of a placer-elaini, and also a vein
or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be
made bu' a patent fop the placer claim, with the .statement that it
iueliuh'S such vein or lode, and iu .-iicli case a patent ^llall issue for a
placer-claim, subject to tin' provisions of ibis chapter, iiielu<ling such
vein i>y lode. iip(Ui the payment of live dollars per acre b)r such vein
or lode claim, and I u"iil \-(ivf b'ct id' >iirfaee on each .-ide thereof.
'I'lie remainder of the placer-claim, cU' any placer-claim not embracing
any \ciii oi- lode claim, ,-hall be paid at the rate of two dollars and
(ifly eeiil.- |.er acre, together with all costs cd' proceedings: aiul where
a vein or lode, such as is described in section t\\ cnly-t liree hundred
and twcniy. is known to exist witliiu the boundaries (da placer-claim,
an application btr a patent for >i!ch placer-claim which does not in-
clude an application fiu' the xcin or lode claim shall be c(uisjrue<l as
a coneliisiv(! declaration that the ijaimaiit of the placer-claim has
no right of possession id' the vein nv lode claim: but when' the ex-
istence of a vein or lode in a placer-claim is not known, a })atent for
en
the |il;u'pr-clnim sliall onnvoy all valuable mineral and otlier deposits
w it liin the licMudaries tliei'eol'.
I nited Slates Law. — Sec. -i'MVi. Where siieh person, or assoeia-
lidii. tht'V and their ^I'antiu's have held and wdi'Ued tlieir ( lainis lor a
period e(jiial to llu' time presii'ihed hy the statute of liiiiilations for
niininu- claims ol' the State or Terrtorv where tlu' same may he sit-
unte(l, evidence of >iich possession and the workiui.^ of the claims for
such period shall he siillicii'iil to establish a ri^ht to a patent thereto
nndi'r this cbaptei', in the absence of any adverse claim; but nothing
in this chapter shall be (h'emed to impair any lien which may have al-
taclu'd in any way whatever to any minim:- claim oi- [troperty thereto
attached |)rioi' to the issuatU'C of a patent.
I'nited States Law.— Sec. 'i:\'i\. Vv(u)\' of cit izenship. under this
chapter, may coiisi>t, in the case of an individual, of his own alHdavit
thereof: in the case of an association of persons uniiicorporat(.'d. of tlio
allidavit of tlieir aut horized anient, made on his own know lediic. or
upon infoi'mation and belief, and in the case of a corporation oruaii-
izi'd under the laws of the rnite<l States, (»r of any State or Territory
thereof, by the lilinii' <>i' a I'crtilied copy of their charter or certificate
of incorporation.
PLACER MINING REGULATIONS.
'I'be followin<:- are the |)lacer nnniiijr regulations wliich apply to
the Klondike and othei- minin^i;- districts on \\\v Canadian side of the
line:
NATURE AND SIZE OF CLAIMS.
1. Uar di.ir,Cfin,i:s, a strip of land UMl feet w'de at Idfrli water mark
and thence e.xtendinu' into the rivei- to it> lowest watei' lexcl.
■J. The sides of a <daim for bar di,i;|iin<;s shall be two parallel lines
run as nearly as possibl.' at ri;^ht an;:'ies to the -ifeani and sliall be
marked by fo ir lei^al posts, one at each end of the ( laini. at oi- about
hi,::h water mark: .dso one at each end of the claim, at or al)out the
ed^'t' of the water. One of th.e posts at hi>:h water mark sh?dl be le^'i-
bly marked with the name of the miner and the date upon '«'''iich tlie
claim was staked.
;!. DiT di,u',::in,i:s shall lie 1 nu feet s(piaiv, .-ind -hall liave placed
at eacli of its fiuii' c oriter- a leual post, upon one oi whi'li shall be
le^'ibly marked the name of iln' miner and the date upon which tin-
claim was .-taked.
4. Ci'eek and river claims >hall be .'inii feci Iohm- measured in the
direction of the ;^eneral e(Uir>e of the stream, and >liall e\ten<l in
width fr(Uii base to ba-e of the hill or beiu-h on each side, but when
the hills (U- heiuhes are Ic-s than JiHs t\.ft apart '.he claim nia\ he WMi
feet in depth. The sides of a claim >hall be two parallel lim'- run as
nearly as possible at riuht auizies to the stream. 'I'he .-ides shall b(>
mai-ked with lepi! posts at or about the {h\<xv of the watei' and at the
rear I oiindaries of the claim. (»ne of the le^^al ]to-ts at the stream
shall be le<;ibly mai'ke<l with the name <d' the owner and the date upon
which the claim was staked.
t). Bench claims shall he 100 feet square.
87
G. In (Icfiiiiiin- tlio size of cljiims (lioy sli;il! li(> inoa>iir('(l liorizon-
iiilly, irrt's|ic(ti\c i>\' iiic(|iiiiliiic,- (in the ^mracr of the j^rouiul.
;. irmiy person, cr iicr.-uns. >|i;ill dix-dxcrii new mine, iind siicli
(iiscoNcry sliiill he otiihlislicd lo I lie .-at i.-f;icl imi (if llir ^old cuminis-
sioiicr. ii cliiiiii for li.ir di;i^iii^:> ;.")ii tVcl may lie iiiaiitcil. A new
striiliiiii, or iiiii'il'crdiK ciirtli or ;:r,iv('l .-il iiatrd in a locality wIktc the
claims arc aliaiidoiicd shall for tlii,> piirpo.-c lie deemed a new nniie,
altlioii<:li the same locality shall liavi' lieen pr(.'vi()ii>ly worked al a
(litreri'llt level.
S. Till' t'orins of applicat ion for a ^iraiit foi' placer mining" and the
^M'aiit of the same shall he tho.-e contained in I'oi'ni.- "H" and ""I" in
the sclu'dnle hereto.
!). A claim shall he recorded with the ^dld commissioner in
whosi' district it is situated wit hin t liree days after the location thereof,
if it is located within ten nnles of the comniissioiiei'"s ollice. One extra
(lay shall he allowed for making;' .-iich a record for exciT additional
ten miles or fraction t liere(d'.
HI. In the cNcnt of tin ahseiice of the i^uhl conninssioner fi'om his
ollice, entiy foi' a claim may he ;ii'aiited hy any pers(»n whom he may
appoint to per'fo'rm hi- duties in lii> ahseiice.
11. I'lntry shall not he Liraiitcd for a claim which has not heeii
staked liy the applicant in person in the mannei' speeitied in these
regulations. .\n alliilavit that the claim was slaked out hy the appli-
cant shall hi' endiodied in f(U'ni "H" of the schedide hereto.
\'L .\u entry fee of $l.") .-hall he chai\i:ed foi' the lii'sl year and
an annual fee of .i<I(M) for each of the followin,^;' ycai's. 'I'his pro-
vision sliall apply lo locations for which enti'ics lia\'e already iieeii
granted.
lo. After the recoi'din^- of a claim the I'emoval of any jiost hy
the hidder thereof, or hy any pcr.-oii actiiiii' in his hehalf for llie ])ur-
pose of chanuim:- the houudaries of his claim shall act as a foi'feiture
of the claim.
I I. The entry of e\cry holdei' foi' a uraiil foi- placer nnnin,:;' must
he renewed and his receipt relimpn.-hed and icplaced ev.'ry year. The
entry fee heinu' paid ea.ch year.
1."). No minei' shall icceive a iirant for more than one niiinni;
claim in the sanu' locality, hut the same minei' may hold any nniid)er
u\' claims hy pnrchaM'. and any numher (d' minei's may unite to w(U'k
their claims in common upon such terms as they may arranti'c. pro-
vided such a.ui'eemeiit he re^iistei'ed with the,i;dld commir-sionci' and a
fei' (d' ■$.") paid foi' each ret^ist rat ion.
Ki. .\iiy miner or miner.- may sell, luortiia.uc or dispo,-e of hi- or
their claims, provided such di.-posal he re.u'istercd. with a fee of ^'i
paid to llieuold eoiiiinissioiicr, who <hall thereupon L;i\-e the as.-i^iT.ee
a certincate in lorm "d" in the ^( liedide hereto.
1 ', . I'] very miner >ha II. dm iuu' the coni iniumce of his Lirant. have
the e\(dusive ri,uht of eiitr\ upon his own idaim for the miner-like
working.;' thereof, and the c(Uist ruction of a re.-ideiice thereon, and
shall he entitled cNcliisively to all the proceeds reidi/ed therefrom:
hut he shall have no surface' riiihts therein, and the i;old commi-sion-
er mav Liraiil to the hoMers of adjacent ( laims -uih riiiht of entry
thereon as mav he absolutelv nece.-saiv I'or the workiuLi' of their
88
ii:
II-
I'y
111'
cliiiiiis. iipnii .-mil terms iis miiy to him sooiii roiisonnblc. Ho may also
tiiiiiit |M'iiiiils |() iniiins 111 (lit tiiiiltt'i' tlicicon t'or tlirir own use, upon
luiyiiiciit of I lie (lues |ir('sci'ili(M liv the rc^iuhit idiis in tliat lichalt'.
IS. \\\vvy iiiiiicr >liiill lit' entitled to tlie use of so niiieli of the
wiiter iiiitiiriilly llowiii;^' lliroii;:li or |iii>t liis eliiiiii, and not already
law fully ai>|»ro|)riated, as shall, in tlie o|iinioii <d' the j^old coiiiinission-
ei\ lie lu'eessary for the i\uv \voil\in<i tliereof; jind shall he entitled
to diain his o\\ n ehiiiii free of ciiariie,
II). A elaiiii shall he deemed to he ahaiidolied and f»|ien to oeeii-
pation and <'iitry hy any person wlien tlu' same shall liave renKiined
iiiiworked on woikiii;;- d;iys hy the .uranlee thereof or hy soiiU' pei'son
on his hehiilf for the space of seventy-two hours, unless sickness or
other reasoiiahle cause he shown to the satisfaction of the ^dld eom-
niissioner, or unless the ;^rantee is aitsent on leave ;:iven hy the ^'old
coiiimissioiier, and the ^old conimissioncr upon ohtainin^' evidence
satisfactory to himself that this provision is not heiii«i- com|ilied with,
may cancel the entry ;.iiven for claim.
'^'•. If the huul upon which a claim has heen loeati'd is not the
property of the crown, it will he necessary for the person who ajiplied
for entry to furnish proof that he !ias ac(|iiired froin the owner of
the laiHJ the surface riiihts hefore entry can he j^ranted.
"v^l. If the occupier of the lands has not received a. patent there-
for, the purchase money of the surface ri,i;hts must he paid to the
crown, and a ))atent of the surface rij:lits will issue to the jiarty who
ac(|iiired tlie niiniiiji' iMyhts. The money so collected will either ho
refunded to the occii|)ier of the land, ulien he is eiititk'd to a patent
therei'ov, or will he credited to him on account of |)aynient for land.
'i'L When a ]>arty ohtaininj;' the mininji- rights to lands cannot
make ari'an^cmenls with the own.er thereid' for the ac(|uisition of the
surface rights, it shall he lawful for him to liive iiotici' to the owner
or his anient oi' the occiipii'r to appoint an arhitrator to act with an-
other arhitrator. named hy him, in order to award the amount of
compensation to which the owiu'r or occupant shall he entitled. The
notice mentioned in this section shall he according: to form to he
ohtained upon application from the ii'old commissioner for the district
in which the lamls in (|uestion lie, and shall, when ])racticahle, 1)0
served on siicli owner or his a,i:('nl. if known, or occupant; and after
reasonahle ellorts have heen nmde to eU'ect personal service without
success, then such notice shall he served hv leavin>'- it at, or seiidin<r it
hy ri'^istered letter to. the last jtlace of ahmle of the owner, a^'ent or
occupant. Such notice shall !>(> scrveil upon tlie owner, op a.mMit. with-
in a period to hv lixed hy the i:old commissioner Iiefore the expira-
tion of the time limited in siicli notice, if the proprietor refuses or
declines to ajipoint an arhitrator, (u' when, for any other reason, no
arhitrator is .ippoinied hv the proprietor in the time limiteil therefor
in the notices proviih'd for hy Ihis section, the p)ld commissioner for
the district in which the lands in riiiestion li(> shall, on heinir satisfu'd
hv allidavit that such notice has come to the knowlediie of such owner,
airent. or occupant, or that such owner. a,L^ent or occupant wilfully
evades tlu^ service of such notice, or cannot he found, and that rea-
sonahle ell'orts have heen made to elToct such service, and that tho
notice was left at the h<\ jdace of ahode of such owner, agent, or
oecu])ant. a])point an arljitrator on his helialf.
89
^^m
•.'.">. (ii) All iii'hitriiloi's ii|i|>(.inlt'(| iiinlcc ilic inillmritv of tlic-c rcj;-
iiliitiniis -li.ill he swdi'ii hrlorc ;! ,lii>iicc of llic I'l'iicc to llic iiiijiartial
(li,-(liiir<i(' of 1 lie duties iis^iuiicd to t lu'iii. jiiid tlicy sliiill I'oi't liw it li prtt-
cci'd to t'.-t iiiiali' tlic rciixiiiidilc daiiiaLir,-. wliidi iIm' owner nv occu-
|»iints of siicli lands, according' to tlu'ir .>('\('ial iiilcicMs tliccciii. .-Iiall
sustain liy i'('as(Ui nf siU'li |U'(is|icctiii;:' aiul uiiniui;- opd'alious.
(li) lu est iniat iiiL^' sucli daniaurs. tli( ariiit ra!(U'> sliall (Ictcruiiiic
tile \alii(' of the land in'('s|icct i\('ly of any cidianccuiciil ihci'col' I'nuii
tlic existence n[' nnnerals tliet'eiu.
((•) In case siu'ii arltitratiu's caniint aiiree. tliev may scleel a third
ai'hili'atiu'. and when the two aihitraliu's canndl a,u:iie upon a thii'd
arliilrator the j^old ((iiunn.-sionei' lor the di.-trict in which the lands
in (|uestion lie shall select such third arhilrator.
(d) 'I'lie award of anv two such arhitrat(U's niaile in writin.i:- shall
lie liiiaKand shall he liled with tlic^zdld c(unniis-ioncr for the district
in which the lands lie.
ir any case arise tor which there is no provi.-ion made in these
I'e^nilatioiis, the provisiiuis (d' the re/idatimis ;:dveniin,i:- the dis-
posal id' nnncral lands other ilian coal lands appi'oved hy His lv\-
cellency the (iovernoj' in (unni-il on the lUli of NovendjiT, ISSl), shall
ai)ply. '
FORM J.
CERTIFICATE OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF A PLACER MIN-
ING CLAIM.
Nn.
DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR.
A-elicy 1st). .
'I'his is to cerJiCy thai ( i''. < '.) has (or have) filed
an assi;:iiment in due form date<l IS!)... ami accom-
pained hy a i(\i:'istration fee (d' two (hdlars. of the '^v;\u\ to
(.\. I>.) of of the riiiht (in>ert description of claim) to
nune in for one year fi'(Un IS!). ..
This certilicate entitU'd the .-aid. . , .' (I >.('.) to all
the ri<.;lits and pi'ivilei:cs of the said (.\. 11.) in
res|)ect ot" the claim assii^ited; that i> to say. to the exclusive riirlit
of entry upon the said claim for ilie miner-like woi'kiuL:' thereof and
the consinicH(m of a residence thei'con. and the exclusive I'iizht to all
the ])n)ceeds therc^froni. for the )■( mainini;- poi'tion of tlie year for
whieii the .said claim wa< i:ranlc<l to the said (.\. I>.)
that is to say. until the day (d' ISO... the
said (]',. f.) shidl lu^ entitled to the use of so much
of the water natui-ally flowinj:- tln'ou<:]i or past his (or their) claim
and not already lawfully appropi'iated as shall ho necessary for the
due working thereof, and to drain the claim free of charge.
90
'I Ilis ;;riiiil ,|..,.> noi ,(.|i\cv to tli,. ,.iii,|
(1''. C.) aiiv
surhHv n.|.,. ,„ sMHl chum, .„• ...y n^l„. nf ..u n,.r>l,m „ ll,; ^ [
•'•<■- l.ys,M .. Inn.,., uHMlH.sud.nn., .^^
'i'il''>s tl... ci,,,,,, ,. . ,„itiiiii,illy. ;iii,l in on.Ml hiitli, uorkcl l.v U,,. siN
(15. ('.)
• '»!• Ills (nr their) iissdciiitcs.
TIh' n-l,ts iMMThy ;:n,Mt,.,| ;,,v tliosr h,i,| ,|„wn in il,,. Dnnii,
Miiiin;,^ l.'(-iiliiti()iks jiikI :w nnuv. nnd i'liv
inmn
vici,.,, , !• ,1 ■ , , .-llhjcct til nil Ihr pn,-
N.>i.ui. nl tlir su.l ,r<r.,la..nn>, u I.hIut the >;,nK. a.v v^uv...\ lu'vin
Ciukl (.'uiiiniissiontT.
FORM II.
APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR PLACER MINING CLAIM
AND AFFIDAVIT OF APPLICANT.
I>.>.'i.n::.:J.inin.•.^;.;Hat•i;:!:v:.;•.;^^
'"- "'^ ''••'""■'' '" ""■ ^''i'l n-„h.tinns. in (Ihmv ,|,.>,TilH. localitv)
•••••• • • ;i"<l I (<"• we) solcniiilv swear:
'• I '"1 I ("•• u..) have (li.siM.vm..! therein a deposit nf (Immt name
the metal or ninu'ral).
- 'I'll;" I ("r we) am (or are) to the he>t of n.v (or mir) knowl-
MMt-'or ''^ <li.^<-,.ver,.r (or .li>eov,.rer;) of ti.e s„,l de- '
;i. That the said elaim was previously ,-rante.l to (here name the
ast grantee), hut has remain...! nnu..rke.| l.v lli.. >ai.l -rant... for not
loss than
'•, 'l'''"t.l.("i-)\'')am (.>rar,.) unawar." that the lan.l is ..t h..r than
vacant D.innnion l.an.l.
•'». That l(..rwe).li,i.ontl,e <|ay of mark out
on the o-ronn. . m a(e..r.lan.v ,n .very parti.-ular with th.. provi<i,.n. of
theMmm- J.e-nlatK.ns forth,. Yukon i;iv,.r an.l its Trilmtari..^ the
;■';'""'";■"';"■'' '<'"-^^-)'"''l^"'lH>applieation.an.lthat in s.> .loin-^
'.<•"■"'')"'•' "" ^'-''-''-a.-h on anv oth..relai, ■ lin- h^ation pr.^
viously laid out by anv oth..r p,.r>.)n. 'Mi,
Ji. Tliat the said minin- ..laim .-ontain...!. as nearlv as I (.u- w,.)
eoul.l ineaHiiv or ..stimat.., an area ,,f .,,,;„,,: f,,., ,,„
that flH'«l-c-niU.,n(an.lsk,.teh, ifany)of,his.iateh..r..t,M,ttaVh..d
s..m., hy , H. (o, nss,.ts(,u.s,.t) forth in ,l..tail to t he l,..st of mv (, ,•
our) kmnvJedae .n.l ahdity. its p..sitioM, f..rm an<| dim,.n>i.u,s '
,. '•, ."•;;' ' <•"• 7') i>'"l^'' this appli.ation in o-o,,,! r,i,|,. <„ ,;.,,,,
tiieela.m t .,; tl.,. sole purpose ,d' minin.o-. pros..,.ut,.d l,v mv<..|f (o u.)
or hy mysell and associates, or hv mv (..r ..nr) assi,r„< ' '''"•'
Sworn hefore mo at ; . .this dav^.f'. . . ISO
(.Si<;-nature.) • i^-'..
91
^,
^^^.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
>^ iU 12.2
:^ i^ III 2.0
m
il
1.25 III
1.4 III 1.6
^ lllll^
d.11
— ►
^ .
o
1%
p:»
7
%
/A
w
om
w
Photographic
Sdences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY KSSO
(716)873-4503
c^
f^ 4l
%^
L^
8^
A
3 ** SB
.■ r, z
'^ Jd!:
S c i
£ Sh
a ~ s
«!
Is
u
^"
£c
a 8
«.£
c 5
■zx
a i
0.*-
Hi
CO .-
CREAM
KlUONC
POWffll
A PURE GRAPE
CREAiVl OF TARTAR POWDER
4 # 4 •» «»
Awarded Highest Honors '' Medal and Diploma
WORLD'S Columbian Exposition
Also Gold Medal and Diploma, California Midwinter Fair.
Dr. Price's Cream Hakiiij; I'owder is tlic only Ixikiiis powder that can
be shipped on Itmj^ Sea \'tpyaj^es with any decree of s.ifety. It is pecu-
liarly adapted to the Alaskan climate, 'not bciii^i affected by extreme
changes in latitude. It will keep fresh and sweet for years. Nine-tenths
of all baking powder supplied Alaska miners is Dr. Price's, and this per-
centage holds good in all the great minnig camps throughout the world.
Put up in our portable patent screw top cans. These cans
when empty are clean, and can be used for keeping sugar, tea,
coffee, rice, etc., as well as for holding gold.
08
94
FORM I.
GRANT FOR PLACER CLAIM.
C-3
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
No Aj;»'ii(j IS!). .
Til (•^•ll^i(!l•l•ilti(lll (if tlu' piiymcnt of tli" Iff pifst rilu'd l»v Claiisi'
\'i of llif Mining l{f<:iilatinus I'or tin- ^'iikun Ifivt-r and its 'rril»iilari»'s
l)y (A. I».) nl" aicoinpanviii^' Jiis (or tlu'ir)
a|t|>li(ati()n No dated 1S!». ., for a mining'
claiiii ill (Ik IV insert desc ri|)tiiiii of Ineality). the Minister ol' tlw In-
terior lieri'hy ;;ranls t(» the said (A. 15.) for the term of
one year from tht dat.- iierecd" the e.xeliisive ri<;ht of entry upon the
claim (here ileseiihe ill detail the elaiin ;^ranted) for the miller-like
workin;,^ thereof and the coiisti ik tioii of a roideiice thereon, and the
exclusive ri;;lits to all the |iidceeds realized tluTefrom.
'I'he .said (.\. 11.) shall he entitled
to the use (d' so iiiiich water iiatiiially llowim; tliron<:h or past his
(or their) claim, and not already lawfully a|)propriated as shall he
necessary for the due workiiij:- thereid', and to drain his ((»r their)
ilaiiii. free of char;ie.
This ;rrant doe* not convey io the said (A. I>.)
any surface rights in the said claim, or ri^lil td' ownei"ship in the .soil
covered hy the said claim: and the .-aid uiant >hall lapse and he for-
feited unless the claim is contiiuionsly and in jiood faith worked hy
the said {.\. 11.) (»r his (or their) a.<sociate.s.
The riiilils herehy liianled are those laid down in the aforesaid
niiiiin;^' re;^iilations, and no more, and are siihject ttt all the provisions
of the .said regulations, wlu'ther the same arc expressed herein or not.
(iold ('oinini.ssioner.
LATEST RULES FOR THE YUKON.
./i-
Ottawa, Out., Awj:. !.!. Major Wid.-h. who coinniandcd the
Northwest mounted police diiriin:- the ji'icl rchcllion. has lieeii ap-
|M»intc(l administrator for the ^■ld\on di>!;'icl at a salary of .$.*>. (i(Mi a,
year.
The departnieiil of the interior ha,-- forwarded (lie following notice
to the ^'llkoll:
"< 'liuises I and S (d" the regulations t:d\rriiiiig placer mining on
the ^'iikon liiver and its trihiilaiies are amended hy reducing the
length of a creek and river claim to KM) fret, and the length of a
creek and river claim to he granted to the discoverer of a new mine to
*^(i(t feet. The fee for the renewal td' ail enlrv for a claim has heeii
reduced froin.$l»i(i <o$i:..
Still later we learn Unit tlie governiiK'nt has (ixt'il the K'nirth of
placer claima at ZiiO teet, but rcjserve each alternaio mile. A tax or
assessment of 10 per cent, is al.so levied on all claiuis that pay .$o()0 a
week. TIkksc j)ro4liicinp over $500 nre assessed v'O per cent.
Itiver claims for dredging purimses are taxed ij-'lOO per mile each
year, and no one claim is to exceed five miles in one stretch. Such
claims are also to be assessed 20 per cent, on all output over $'^,500.
96
o
TuElHfllflEIGinBilUIIIDTIBLEIiO.
HARUPACTORBRS OF iniBXCBLLBD
Billiara and Pool tables
ji^
foteOwMnetlMc. Sieii'*
DeaklcJIctiM
VIVIAN CUSHION
iMperttn kM DcaMn Ih
Mil NIMU of
BILLIARD MATERIAL
Jlj*
Goods can be Ordered Direct from Us or from Any
Tradins: Company.
....Telephone North 105....
OFFICE AND FACTORY:
179, 181 and 183 ILLINOIS ST.
. . Chicago.
NECESSARY KLONDIKE SUPPLIES.
Surveying and Mining Instruments, Pocket Com-
passes, Magnifying or Mineral Glasses, Thermom-
eters, Barometers, Field and Spy Glasses, Measur-
ing Chains, Tapes, Colored Spectacles or Snow
Glasses.
Catalogue on application.
L. IManasse Co., Optktans.
88 ^ladison 8t., Chicago.
Established 1856.
MARINER & HOSKINS
Telephone Express 330.
OhemUtry applied to Mlnincc, Asriculture,
UmCuI Arts, Invention.. Medical, LegHl,
(^'ommeroial auJ Domeatic Affuir..
Anay*, Examination, ami Report, on Mine.,
Hill Teste, Oon.ultntion ami Advice on
All Mining umi Metallurgical Matters.
Analytical and Consulting
€!ienilsts aqd Jlssagers,
minlQg Eogiqeers aqi metallorgtstt
J. C. ALLYN, Associate MiiilM« CuflisMr.
8t South CUrk Street, Rooms 51-55,
Chicago,
6. m. Sheldon it Co.
aSXeS Sts"''^ custom house brokers
CHICAGO, 377-385 Dearborn St. ^ NEW YORK, la Broadway.
97
HENRY W. KING & CO,
MANUFACTURERS OF
n M logs' Giotmii
Con Market and Adams Sts.
GHICf\GO.
SAGE & CO.
COAL AND COKE
300-301 ELLSWORTH BUILDING,
355 DEARBORN STREET,
Office Telephone, Himson 767.
Yard Telephone, South 1031.
..., CniCAGG.
98
Keith, Bros, & Co,
Manufacturers and Jobbers
Hu
%^ ana
Straw 600(1$^
The World's Celebrated
XIGER AND
CHAMPION
HATS
Are manufactured and sold
only by us.
We Also carry a. complete line of
HEAVY CAPS, GLOVES and MITTENS
Just the Thing
for the Kiondikej»
CORRCSPONDENCE SOLICITED.
Keith Bros. & Go.
239-249 JflOKSON Street
.. ; OfilJOf\GO
Carson Pi RiE Scott & Co.
DRY GOODS
CHICAGO
100
Be Sure Your Stove Bears This
TRADEMARK
¥¥¥
USED IN
EVERY
PART
OF THE
WORLD ••
¥¥¥
JEWEL
STOVES,
W
^A N G e^
RGESTSTOVEPlAMriNTHEVWlRLD
Hm
¥¥¥
SUITABLE
STYLES
FOR
EVERY
CLIME"
¥¥¥
Detroit Stove Works
CHICAGO, ILL, U. S. A.
DETROIT, MICH, U. S. A.
BILLIARD AND POOL TABLES
Fitted with the Famous Monarch
Quick Acting Cushions.
BILLIARD MERCHANDISE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
BAFR AND ©AI_OOIM OUHTF:-!
Furnished with promptness and dispatch. A large
stock, splendidly designed, will suit ail requirements,
ready for instant delivery. Special designs furnished
free of charge.
SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUES AND PRICE LISTS.
The BrunswiGk-5aik6-GQii6iid6r Go.
263-265 Wabash Avenue,
GfllGflGO, ILL
101
l(tt
i
WHEN
• ♦♦• 1 v-l C_J ••♦♦
GO TO
KLONDIKE
Use the-
NORTHERN
PACIFIC •*••
to the coast
Our Through Trains Carry
Pullman "^^^^List
Sleeping Cars
Free Colonist Sleeping Cars
AND Through Dining Cars
All classes of travelers can thus be accommodated
Send 2 cents for our KEY TO KLONDIKE to F. H. Fogarty,
Gen'l Agent, 208 South Clark St., Chicago, or to Chas. S. Free, Gen'l
Passenger Agent, St. Paul, Minn.
m
REISS BROS. & CO.
inamiT4ctiirer$ Md
iMporters of....
Pipes and Smokm' Jlrticks
We under«tand the Alaska and the Northwestern
trade, and make it a specialty. We carry a large stock
and are prepared on a short notice to fill orders. Order
direct or through the North American Transportation &
, Trading Company or from any of their various trading
posts that carry our goods in stock. Our goods have been
tried and found to be strictly high grade and first-class in
every particular.
REISS BROS. 6t CO.
comtpoaneace soncited. 1^3 Lake Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
WEAR THE
CELEBRATED
King Hats
Golden Crown Caps
and
T. & P. Gloves
>
THEY ARE THE
BEST ON EARTH
Manufactured by
TAYLOR & PARROTTE, Chicago.
m
JAMBS H. ECKELS, President.
JOHN C. McKEON, Vice-President.
D. VBRRON, and Vice-President.
JOS. T. TALBERT, Cashier.
GommerGlal National Bank
CHICAGO, ILL.
CAPITAL, $1,000,000 SURPLUS, $1,000,000.
Franklin MacVeagh.
Jesse Spalding.
N. K. Fairbank.
•^l>DIRECTORS<l^
Norman Williams.
Wm. J. Chalmers.
Robert T. Lincoln.
James H. Eckels.
John C. McKeon.
Curtis 6c Go. Mfg. Go.
Saws, Mill Supplies and Machinery
Manufacturers of the DIXIE SAW MILLS
COMPLETE SAW MILL OUTFITS FURNISHED.
No, 42 South CanatStreeU CHICAGO, ILL,, U, S. A,
Geo 13. Carpenter
Established 1840
Benjamin Carpenter
Geo. B. Carpenter & Co.
$Mp CDandlers art Sail makers
Fil^andCoJSi Cordage and Tackle Blocks alif"?)5^
202, 204, 206, 208 S. Water Stnet,
dmp
CHICAQO
Obo. E. Mabriiall, Prpaident. Newtom LciiL, Vice-President. * Wh. Blace, Secret ury
Geo. 6. IMarsball &. Co.
MANUFACTURING
STATIONERS^-^
Frlntinsi Blank Books, Bns^avins
144-146 MONROE Street,
TELEPHONES, j =»?;«" "j ^H I C AGO
A GOOD SIGK
It stands for all that's good in clothing construction —
hence its famous reputation for ** honesty inside as well
as outside'' — The RIVAL of all merchant tailors — The
SUCCESS of all up-to-date retailers.
KuH, Nathan & Fischer Co., Fr^nkun and v^n suren sts.
• « • MAKERS « • •
CHICAGO
WHEELING CORRUGATING GO.
WHI
:l.ino, v/. va.
Protect yourself from the weather by using CORRUGATED
SHEET IRON, painted or galvanized, for covering sides and
roofs of your buildings. Write to us for prices on all metal
building materials.
.... Warehouses ....
CHICAGO, ILL., ST. LOUIS, MO.,
185-187 Lake Street. NEW YORK, N. Y.
We make a Specialty of
I Picincy Advertising
LCdMUg Privileges
on Railroads, Steamship Lines, Etc.
^ H. P. WALL & Co.
¥ HdverttBtng Contractors
¥ Trude Bloq . CHICAQO
Corporations or Individuals having such privileges will find it
to their interest to correspond with us.
106
« « «
A CUT^^^
When a merchant cuts his prices he gener-
ally advertises to let his patrons know the articles
lie wishes to sacrifice, and if he is a wise man
he will use a cut to illustrate the same.
Chafs where we come in*
We make cuts by evtry known process,
which can be used on a printing press. And our
prices, well! Write us and we will surprise you.
When buying cuts buy Bitter's cuts
. . • THE BESTt * t
BITTER ENGRAVING CO.,
65*67 Washington Street,
CHICAGO
DESIGNERS gjj .
ENGRAVERS
J3JS ILLUSTRATORS
W. H^ SALISBURY & CO.
MAKERS OF LEATHER BELTING
Western Selling Agents
BOSTON BELTING CO. EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO.
Jit jt
107 and t09 Madison Street,
CHICAGO.
Established I860 . . Incorporated 1895.
"CRESCENT" STEEL AGATE WARE
GENUINE MOTTLED GRAY.
Every Article Warranted Not to Chip or Burn.
Gold Miners' Pans, Folding Camp Stoves, AInminam Camping Oatflts, Etc.
Tinware of Every Description Pieced, Pressed, Japanned 'and Lithographed.
GALVANIZED, SHEET STEEL GOODS, COPPER AND BRASS WARE, ETC.
Catalogue on Application. • • Wholesale Only.
THE THOS. DAVIDSON MFG. CO. LIMITED, Montreal.
107
"STAirrS WESTERN MADE'
Wool Underwear^« Oyershirt
Factory South Bend - Ind.
If you are goingf to Klondike
Staley's
|)eavy Pure (Uool«
Underwear and
Ooersbirts
Will keep you WARM and
HEALTHY.
For ECONOMY, COM-
FORT and DURABILITY
the STALEY GOODS are
UNEQUALED.
Every Garment bears this
label:
WESTERN MADE
A.C.STALEYM'F'G.CO.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
^NONE GENUINE without it.Jt
^e Ne'w Vancouver
Coal Mining & Land Co., Limited.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
Nan aimo Coal
COLLIERIES AT NANAIMO, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Largest Coal Mines on the Pacific Coast.
JOHN ROSENFELD'S SONS, Agents,
202 Sansome Street, San Francisco, Gal.
MOOSE HIDE MOCCASINS
Moccasins, Shoe Pacs, Prospectors'
and Miners' Boots and Shoes
In various qualities ami heights of top.
We have sold goods in Alaska for
years, and make practical goods for that
trade. Ask for them. If your dealer
does not have them, send tu us.
H. J. PUTMAN & CO., Minneapolis. Minn.
hargtntt luanufucturnrs iif MoccnHiiiH, 8hoe PnoM, etc.,
in tli« II|iit«il HtateH.
fJoRTH Star Shoe Company
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
KLONDIKE OUTFITTERS ON
ALL KINDS OF FOOTWEAR
m^
We are studying the wants of the Alaska Business and we
feel that we have secured what the trade wishes, judging
from our Alaska shipments. You can have any dealer get
our shoes for you, if he does not already carry them.
FUR COf\TS OF f\LL KINDS,
SLEEPING ROBES,
Cf^PS, MOCGf\SlNS,
GLOVES «ND MITTENS,
Expressly fbr Alaska Trade.
MANCFACTUBED BT
GORDON & FERGUSON,
ST. PAUL, MINN.
Minneapolis Knitting Works
. MANUKACTDREHS OK ,
cMens Heavy Hosiery and German Socks
We ship more foot wear to the Klondike Regfion than any other
mill. Our goods especially adapted for the Alaska
and Northwest trade.
Reference: Mortb American Transportation ft Trading Co.
MINNEAPOLIS KNITTING WORKS,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
109
rOlt DCfSLBIte ONLY.
SEND ue YOUK oitpeite.
WE ARE MANUFACTURERS OF
Mackinaws, Corduroy Suits,
DUCK LINED CLOTHING,
Shirts, Overalls, Pantaloons,
FLANNEL AND BUCKSKIN UNDERWEAR,
...AND JOBBERS OF...
?S5^F HEAVY KNIT UNDERWEAR,
Hosiery^ Gloves and Mitts
FOR T-HE f\Lf\©Kf\ TRf\DE.
HEADQUABYEBB FOR NORTH S'f AR WOOLEN MILL JO. MAOKINAWS.
GUlTERMflN BROS.
Sth and Sibley Streets, ST. PAUL, MINN.
Cttdaby Brotbers €o.,
pork packers
^^i^
IMitwauhee,
Meats cured by us are sought after and relished by the
epicures of Europe.
The Northern artisan selects our meats as his staple diet.
The Southern laborer eats our pork, picks cotton and is
content.
The pioneer and explorer of Alaska, if certain of obtaining
meats of our cure, will retain health and strength, both
greatly needed to assure him success in
HIS SEARCH FUR GOLD.
Patrick Cudaby,
Fm't ««4 «<«'i ntaor.
PackiNfl HWH,
CMdaDy, ttlis.
110
\
Two Indispensable Requirements
• • • C//* • • ,
KLONDIKE REGIONS
. GAIL "BORDEN
EAGLE
CONDENSED
"BRAND
MILK.
We have maintained in the Gail Borden Eagle Brand of condensed
milk the highest standard possible. Purity and Keeping Qualities guar
anteed. Don't take chances with poor milk.
BORDEN'S
Peerless ^rand Evaporated Cream
ts an
unsweetened
Condensed
MUL
Pure Milk perfectly preserved without the addition of sugar or other
preservatives. Suitable for all purposes for which pure milk or cream
IS used. Its superior flavor and keeping quality place it first in this line
of preparations. These goods are not affected by climatic changes.
...PREPARED BV...
New York Condensed Milk Co., New York.
HI
Henry Troemner, '''/!;'''' ft'
im ^ ^ Phtladelphta
Established in 1838.
Sold Scales and Weights
TROEMNER'S SCALES ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY
BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT IN ALL
THE MINTS RND f\SSf\Y OFFICES
tS^PHce List on Application,
Boot Jaek.
piu^ Jobaeeo
WHICH BRAND WE GUARANTEE
TO BE SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER
TOBACCO MANUFACTURED
// your dealer does not sell Boot Jack, a request from YOU
will Induce him to do so.
JOHN FINZER & BROS.,
^jncorpofatcA.. ManufacturcFs, LOUISVILLE, KY,
112
Towle's "Log Cabin" Maple Spp.
ABSOLUTELY PURE AND FULL MEASURE.
RECOMMENDED BY THE NORTH AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION CO.
Remember this when Ordering Your Supplies.
THE TOWLE MAPLE SYRUP CO.,
FAIRFAX, VT.
ST. PAUL, MINN.
)
Xafllbont'8
Improvcb
Cr^6taUi3e6
SEATTLE, WASH.
J^o Breaking
No Bad Eggs
No Shells
No Waste
jj^IMPLY FRESH EGGS with
^ the water expelled. Dis-
solves readily in cold, luke
warm ^neverhot) water or milk.
The question has been to preserve
eggs without adulteration. Crys-
tallized Egg solves the problem,
and is the result of years of ex-
periment and the expenditure of
several hundred thousand dollars.
L. NICOLAI,
Prmideut.
H. WITTENBERQ,
Vice-I'reH. iiiul Ueu'l Muuager.
JAS. L. WICKF.KSHA.M,
Secretary.
)U
V.
lp)ortlan6 • Cracker • Co/
Manufacturers of
FANCY BISCUITS, CRACKERS AND SHIP BREAD
Portland. Oregon. Tacoma, Wash. Seattle, Wash.
San Francisco, Cala. Los Angeles, Gala. San Jose, Gala.
Sacramento, Gala. Victoria, B. G.
GofMla J'aciced Brnpecialty for .Alaska Trade.
113
8cbwabacber
Broa & Co.
SEATTLE,
WASH.
INCORPORATED
IMPORTERS and
WHOLESALE
DEALERS IN . . .
Groceries
Cigars an.
Tobacco
We carry a full line of
goods particularly adapted
for ALASKA
Scbwabacbcr
hardware Co.
MINERS' SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY
Our Stock is the Largest and
Best Assorted on the Pacific Coast
114
Maitricr McMickrn, Prmldant. Lemter TtTBNRn, Canhlar. R. F. Parrhimiht, Ami. TiuhUr.
The First National Bank
Capital. $150,000
Surplus, $75,000
OF SEATTLE
Collections on British Columbia
and Alaska, a Specialty
We furnish Letters of Credit and other means for
procuring funds in Alaska and Northwest Territory
ENQUIRIES REGARDING STEAMERS. PASSENGER AND FREIGHT
RATES. ETC. CHEERFULLY ANSWERED.
Briag Ittttn ot latroductloa Irom your bmaker with eastera txehaagt
le, M. mewball 8. Co.,
Cor. 2iid Hve. and )Madt8on Bt., 8eattte.
DRY GOODS, FANCY GOODS, CLOAKS AND SUITS, SHIRT
WAISTS, ETC., MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS.
Largest Stock to Select from.
Lowest Prices.
Also ALASKA CLOTHING OUTFITS, RUBBER BOOTS, SLEEPING BAGS,
10, 12 AND 15 LB. BLANKETS AT MONEY SAVING PRICES.
Mail Orders a Specialty. Samples Free, ^me for Samples.
E. W. NEWHALL & CO., cor. 2nd ave. and madison st.
ALBERT HANSEN,
JEWELER AND SILVERSMITH
DBALBR IN
Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry, Silverware
CLOCKS, RICH CUT GLASS, ETC.
)ast
Fine Watch and Jewelry Repairing.
Gold Dust Bought for Cash.
706 First Avenue, SEATTLE.
115
If you are going to AImIm or the Klondike gold fields, have your m-iil
sent in care of
Tte WasiiliiM latiODai M of Seattle, Wasn.
U. S. DEPOSITORY.
Which will cash your drafts on Eastern cities on proper
identification, furnish you with conveniences for writing, and
give you information about outfits and transportation.
Bring with you letters of identification from the bankers
from whom you buy your drafts.
Drafts and letters of credit issued on Juneau, St. Michael'f,
Dawson and all Yukon Kiver points.
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED.
EDWARD 0. GRAVES, President. MANSON F. BACKUS, Cashier.
MINERS AND PROSPECTORS
Demand that your food and clothing
be packed in tin cases, the only pro-
tection against moisture and mice,
the plagues of Alaska.
LOYHED TINWARE MFG. CO.,
1317 Front Street, SEATTLE, WASH.
At Dawson City
People pladly pay 50c a glass for
Rainier Beer.
All Along the Yukon
I'roni St.Michaels to the Klondike
Rainier Beer is the popular bev-
erage of the gold diggers, and
many a golden nugget has been
exchanged for this uelicious and
exquisite bottled beer.
Rainier Beer
Is an ideal tonic and has more
sustaining qualities than any bev-
erage in the market.
Mark and Consign all Goods Care of
SEATTLE Tt^ANSFER Q>.
m Seattle, masbiiidton.
They will look out for your interests and trai\sfer or distribute
« your goods promptly as mstructed.
Give your baggage checks to their messenger on the train;
they will store it for three days free of charge and deliver
it where wanted at a reasonable rate for hauling.
This company has been established in Seattle for ten years,
and refers to any business house or bank in Seattle, or to the
North American Transportation and Trading Co.
116
T^t Felitz Tent & fkyNnini (p,
MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN
ftWNINOS TENTS FLf\08
Sails and Ore Bags*
G>tton Duck (all wcishtt and widths )*
Hot Air Balloons and Parachutes.
117
Telephone Main 219.
BOLE AORNTH TOR
Hydraulic Scamleu Mining Hou*
Camp Furniture. Tents for Rent.
YE6LER f^VENUe.,
SEf^TTLB, Wf^S-H.
P.O. BOX 1221
A WORD ABOUT YOUR MEDICINE.
This cnt rnprcxontM tho neatest ami iiiuat r.implot^i
MEDICINE CASE
Erer inrentiHl. Don't mukp t inistakeuDdgot your Hap.
|)lii'6 in thi ". iiuo in
thi< «OHt, H>r wit can
nupply yo I with
thirty dl loront
DriiK^t put up ill
Hucna manipr thiit
li«- t, «!«»lit nor water
c . ^everdentroy.
PRkCE $5.00
I'atnnt iipplinil for.
("loM'd.
l-EE'e F»HARMAOV,
Sd Ave. and Columbia St., SEATTLE, WASH.
Our Business is Furnistiing,..
HOUSES, HOTELS, BOATS, ETC.,
WITH EVERYTHINQ COMPLETE.
We make a specialty of Boat Ranges, Cots,
Folding Chairs, Blankets, etc. Large quan-
tities always on hand. Prices as low as any
place in the United States.
FREDERICK, NELSON & MUNRO, - - Seattle, Wash.
MAPS, CHARTS AND GUIDES TO ALASKA,
LOWMAN & HANFORD,
STATIONERY & PRINTING CO.,
616 First Avenue, Seattle.
117
SEATTLE CRACKER AMD CANDY CO.
^
The Only Oracker Monufnctory in Seattle.
Offices, Seiosroom and Factory, corner Occidentnl Avcnuo and Main St., SEATTLE.
Only FUKSH iind strictly HIGH GRADE GOODS nre shipped from this building. We
make tlieiu diiily, hence you get them fresh. THK SEOREi' of f-r rapid and extensive
business growth is due to the Absolute Merit of our goods, and the close personal atten-
tion given by each member of the tlrm.
STETSON & POST MILL CO..
Seattle, Wash.
O. W. Stetson, Pres't
Wholesale Manufacturers of Lumber
OUR SPECIALTY,
Car M'>4'«rlal and Ship Building Material.
m Pugct Sound national Bank
of Seattle, Ulasbington.
CAPITAL, $600,000 SURPLUS, $120,000.
6eii<Ml Banking Bnsinm CranwctedT •• eorrcspondencc SoHcird
CORRESPONDENTS.
National Rank of tho Republic - New York Hfink of »Mlif,.r..i,.
- San Frnncisco
- Portliinfl
Drafts and Letters of Credit on Canadian Bank of CommercerDawson, N. W. T. '
Northwest
Fixture Co.
1018 Tirst
Awni ic
Seattlh.
Wash.
GENERAL ELECTRIC MACHINERY
AND SUPPLIKS
IVIaiitels, Grates
and Tiling...
Gas, Electric and
Combination Fixtures
Model and special shop work solicited
Hotel, Restaurant, Steamboat and Saloon
O UTFITTIN G.
Crockery, Glassware, Granite, Agate,
Tin and Woodenware, Notions, etc.
WHOIESAU AND RtlAll.
Golden Rule Bflzflflf^ Go.,
906 Pint Avenue, SEATTLE, WASH.
BatabllBfitd 1882.
119
OooDYEAR's Rubber Goods
-.KLONDIKE^
Hip Rubber Boots
- - FOR MINERS - -
"CRACK PROOF."
BE SURE THE HEEL IS STAMPED.
"SNAG PROOF."
BE SURE THE HEEL IS STAMPED.
Cuts repre-
sent Stamps
on Heels,
also Knees.
Beware of
Imitations
Nouo Genuine Unless Heels are Stamped.
Union India Rubber Co. Crack Proof
These Crack Proof Boots are made of the
very best and carefully selected Pure Para
Rubber, reinforced with the Pure Rubber
Springs on Instep. All our Crack Proof Boots
are plainly stamped on the Heel and inside of
the Upper "Union India Rubber Co. Crack
Proof,'* and no other Boot is Genuine.
None Genuine Unless Heels are Stamiied.
Goodyear Rubber Co., Stout's Snag Proof
This Boot is manufactured with a center of
Cotton Duck, with Coatings of Rubber so in-
corporated into the fibre of the Duck by
heavy machinery as to make a waterproof
material that stands the severest test of wear,
and renders it NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE for it
to be CUT or TORN from contact with rough
or sharp surfaces.
RIBBER AND OIL CLOTHING AND SACKS
RUBBER AND OIL BLANKETS
RIBBER BOOTS WITH LEATHER SOLES
WOOL BOOTS AND SOCKS
HIGH-CIT OVERSHOES
Goodyear Rubber Co.
R. H. PEASE, Vice-President and Manager
573. 575, 577. 579 MARKET STREET 73 ^nd 75 FIRST STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
PORTLAND, ORE,
120
r
»
o
as-
|d
a
yxcwb I I f I I I ^ I
^
^
Successors to u/i'tse dc JrCtrk,
McDonald Block
Seattle, Wash.
^lEWS of. Everything in Connection
with the Alaska Excitement. ^
^''Ji'-f^^l
' , ^"•TvfV;-"-'''.^^'^^
::v*'c>i ■:,-.'
i|.*^« ■- ^ '■
RANIER GRAND HOTEL
The Only First-Class American Plan In thei City. The new annex to the hotel consisting of
ninety rooms, forty suites, will be completed August 1 st. The cuisine unexcelled. Service excellent.
Thirty years of experience In the hotel business has taught us how to cater to the traveling public.
Del HARBAUGH, Proprietor, seahle. wash.
121
ONE OF THE LARGEST OUTFITS EVER TAKEN TO ALASKA BY ONE PARTY.
Our twenty years' experience in supplying the needs of
the Alasi<a miners and prospectors, has taught us much
that will be of value to you.
We have for years and are now conducting stores in
the Alaska mining regions. We own and operate a fleet of
vessels between Seattle and Alaska ports. The experi-
ence we have gained in our extensive operations is at
your disposal for the asking. We will readily answer any
inquiries, either in person or through the mails, and will
not expect you to trade with us in return.
Our Alaska Outfitting Department is the largest and
most complete in existence. We can furnish you with
everything needed in Alaska. We carry only the best
grades and our prices are always the lowest, quality con-
sidered. You will find it to your advantage to make our
house your headquarters while in Seattle, Have your mail
addressed in our care and we will forward it to your
address in Alaska.
Write for our r.ew map of Alaska; well send it free to
any address,
Cbe macDouddll $f Soutbwick €o.
••«
Jllaska Outfimrs...
717, m, 721 and 723 Ttrst Jloenue, Seattle, Ut^h.
122
w
^anadian ^lothinff
E offer every class of Clothing for the MINER,
PROSPECTOR or MERCHANT, suitable for
and especially made for the Yukon.
Our MACKINAWS are pure wool and of the best quality.
Our CORDUROYS, both in brown and drab, are from the best
markets in England.
Our DUCK SUITS are warmly lined with heavy Irish frieze, or
buffalo cloth.
The ANDREE & PEARY HOODS are in black and blue
mackinaw.
We have heavy REVERSIBLE JACKETS, in frieze and duck,
double and single breasted.
Our facilities for manufacturing are not excelled on
this continent.
Our trained artisans are of the highest excellence,
and in price very much lower than the American makers.
We use the best pure wool, avoiding shoddy and other low
grade material. The American customs duties being fully
double that of the Canadian, and as our wool comes into
Canada free, we can offer these goods at 50 per cent, lower
than the American goods, besides being 50 per cent, better.
All Canadian goods enter the Yukon country free of duty,
while the American goods are subject to a duty of 33 per
cent. We invite you to inspect our clothing.
WHOLESALE HOUSES:
W. E. SANFORD MANFG. CO., Ltd., Hamilton, Ont.
W. E. SANFORD MANFG. CO., Ltd., Winnipeg, Man.
W. E. SANFORD MANFG. CO., Ltd., Toronto, Ont
G. C. SHAW & CO., Victoria, B. C.
RETAIL BRANCHES
OAK HALL, Toronto, Ont.
OAK HALL, London, Ont.
OAK HALL, St. Catharines, Ont.
OAK HALL, Hamilton, Ont.
OAK HALL, Windsor, Ont.
OAK HALL, St. Thomas, Ont.
123
The H. A. NELSON & SONS CO., Limited
Montreal, Canada
... Direct Importers and Wholesale Dea'ers iti....
FANCY GOODS, TOYS, GAMES, CLOCKS, DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES,
TOBACCONISTS' SUNDRIES, ALBLMS, All Kinds, CHINA WARE, PIPES,
All Kinds, PERFUMES, COMBS, BRUSHES, ETC., ETC.
. . . prtccB Right . . .
SNOW SHOES
SPECIALLY MADE FOR
THE KLONDIKE TRADE
S9 to 63 St. Peter Street,
MONTREAL.
TORONTO SAMPLE ROOM,
S6 aad S8 Fruit Street, West.
S. GREENSHIELDS, SON & CO.
Wholesale Dry Goods
MONTREAL.
¥ ^ ¥
ESTABLISHED 1834.
¥ ¥ ¥
BRANCH STORE AT VANCOUVER, B. C
Cbc ]obn t. €a$$i(ly €o.» m.
. . .IMPORTERS OF. ,.
Railwayed l!«ttl %Y,\U, VX^UtS iM Trom 411
supplies A
specialty Glassware countries
Offices aad Sample Rooias,
339 and 341 St. Paul Street, MONTREAL, CANADA,
2503 St. Catherine Street West. •
1471 St. Calherine Street East. I
ciTV branches:
( 225 St. Lawrence Main Street.
\ 1088 St. Lawrence Main Streot''
124
The John McPherson Co., Limited,
HAMILTON, ONT.
MANUFACTURERS
'^^^'^^s^fflen^s B oots
M/
JUST THE KIND YOU NEED FOR
THE KLONDIKE.
For Sale at all of the N. A. T. T. Co. Trading Stores,
both in Alaska and Northwestern Territory.
HAMILTON, ONT.
SMOKE
TRADE
CHEW... T & B Mahogany
MARK.
TOBACCO
MANUFACTURED BY
THE 6E0. E. TUCKETT & SON GO. LIMITED,
HAMILTON, CANADA.
125
LEWIS BROS. & CO
30 St. Sulpice St., MONTREAL, CANADA.
General Hardware Merchants
aUNS, RIFLE AMMUNITION, AND THE LARGEST STOCK
OP KLONDIKE SUPPLIES IN CANADA.
Write for our Gun Catalogue, 1898.
THOMAS MAY Mt CO., Montreal
n»n;iHm»nt<t. Trimmed Millinery Ribbons Silk Blouses Velvets
UV|Mii ini«lll9: Ladies' Hats Silks Silk Dresses Velveteens
Millinery Novelties Laces Mantles, Parasols
Flowers Chiffons Cloakines Umbrellas
Feathers Veilings Dress Trimmings Knitted Woolena
Yams
WHOLESALE IMPORTERS OP
Millinery, Dress Trimmings and Fancy Dry Goods
126
'Ml
"^^
The Canadian Rubber Co.
OF MONTREAL.
Manufacturers of
RUBBER BOOTS AND SHOES
HIGH AND LOW CUT OVERSHOES AND PURE QUM 0VER5
OF ALL DESCRIPTION.
Also Camping Blankets, Airpillows, Gloves, Mittens, &c., &c.
Ask for our ''ALASK4 MINING BOOT"
Design registered May 29, 1896.
Made with Patent Leather Insole Patented July 20, 1893,
SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED TO STAND THE COLD CLIMATE.
MONTREAL, TORONTO AND WINNIPEG.
Write for Catalogue.
ESTABLISHED 18S0-
THE GAULT BROTHERS CO. Ltd.
...MONTREAL...
Wholesale Dry Goods and Manufacturers
THE LARGEST IN CANADA
. . . DEPARTMENTS ...
Cotton and Staples. Woolen Cloths, all kinds.
Blankets and Flannels. Haberdashiery and Smallwares.
Linen, Towels and Crashes. Underwear of Wool and Silk.
Dress Goods and Silks. Men's Furnishings.
Neckwear and Braces. Carpets and Curtains.
We maaufacture all our ^wn SHIRTS AND NECKWEAR
Our Motto is...,PUSH, TACT AND PRINCIPLE.
We Can Deliver on a Day's Notice, 10, 12, 15 Lb.. Gray and Colored Blankets at Mill Prices.
127
m
We would respectfully recommend our brands of
^
^
PLUG TOBACCOS
SMOKING and
CHEWING ae ^ at
CUT TOBACCOS
AND-
QGARETTES oe oe
for the Reason
^
^
t
That for years we have been
shipping same to Alaska, and
they have given the best of
satisfaction.
The American Tobacco Company
of Canada, ud.
MONTRBAL, CANADA
128 r ,
Hudson's B
Company
ay
Incorporated
A. P. 1670.
rUf: ()l.l)t:ST TIVADINCJ
COK?POlVATION IN Tll[! U'OlifLD.
4 4
/^^^Ix
4 «
THE
/^^Lffi^i#^
^ OF THE
GRE4T
-^^^^m-
GREAT
STORES
v^^^^^^y
/ WEST.
4 4
^^•^^^'iPftLA'' ^^H^
4 4
UL.I_V EOUII
SXOFRE©
Miners and Prospectors
. . . AT . . .
<atnntp€9, Tancouvcn Kamloope,
6dnioiiton^ Calgar)', Tictom,
and other points.
4 4
Price lists and all information furnished on application
to the company at the above points, or at the
CHICAGO OFFICE, 655-658 MOIMADNOCK BLOCK,
AND AT
No. I Lime Street, London, E. C, England.
129
i. ', ,
w
« »
'f ')fc ib |i 'jL f, '(i -jt 'it '||L
JI$R for
S. DAVIS & SONS'
.•^
Celebrated
Brands •>
Ciaars
THE
LARGEST
CIGAR
MANUFACTURERS
IN
CANADA.
tn
Competition
with
the
Tl/orid.
^^ ^*f
' •
lr>
A. A. ALLAN & CO. I
...WHOLESALE...
i Fur Manulaoturers
ji J* jt ^
^ Extensive Preparation s
# For the ALASKA AND
KLONDIKE
REQUIREMENTS.
M Special Feature. S
Jt u*^ jt ^ ffPj
^ Purchasers can depend opon the fullest satisfaction in ^
JLr dealing: with us. Value unsurpassed. W
X Great facilities for the supply of FUR ROBES, FUR COATS ^
^ FUR JACKETS, FUR CAPS, and all garments T
suitable for zero weather. ^
9
SEND US YOUR ORDERS OR WRITE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
A. A. ALLAN & CO.,
MAM KACIt;iil;|!s UK
i FURS, Gf\PS f^ND ROBES. 1
^ HATS, GLOVES, MITTS. ETC. g
i SI Bay St, TORONTO, ONT. 1
1^
131
CAVERHILL, LEARMONT & CO.
Wlioi6sal6 Hardware and Meiai Merchants
CAVERHILL'S BUILDINGS, ST. PETER STREET.
Largest Importers la Caaada of
GOLD PANS, MINERS' LOOPS. GOLD SCALES. CUTLERY, REVOLVERS.
RIFLES. CARTRIDGES. SHOVELS. PICKS, STRIKING HArviMERS,
LOCKS, SAWS. COMPASSES. AXES, LEATHER GOODS.
CaI/ERMILL, L.EAR/UIONT & CO. - - MONTREAL.
WflStllNGTON IRON WORKS GO
foutidm, machinists and
Boiler makers....
SEATTLE,
WASHINGTON.
Established 1862.
WEARE COMMISSION COMPANY
Grain, Seeds ^im
Vro visions
>^>^^^^^^^^^^^^
OLD COLONY BUILDING
Chicago
CHARLES A. WEARE,
Prest.
PORTUS B. WEARE,
Vice-Prest.
WM. W. WEARE,
and Vice-Prest.
OSWALD F. WOLFE,
Treas.
HARRY W. RUBINS,
Secy.
li
M3effl&^t^mii9>tiJlr«yiigJiA!:«mN!&T|Aoii^
C.E.Whitney ft Co.,
OiD Colony Building,
Chicago, May 6th,i898.
San Francisco, Cal.
Gentlemen :-
In reply to your esteemed favor of recent date, beg to
state that we have used your"Cold Brook Creamery Canned Butter" and
have round It par excellent. It has successl\illy withstood the
rigors of the Alaska climate for tho. iei.gth of time necessary to
carry It from season to season.. It Is so conveniently packed In
tins wlt.i key openers and handle;} and fire proof bottoms, that it
makes It partlcularlly valuable for the Alaska and Motth Western
Territory trade.
We have received no complaint, but on the contrary, we
find the demand Increaslnt^ for It from our various trading posts
throvighout Alasku and the Northwest.
Very truly yours.
tiartb American TraDsportatioD & Trading Go.
Vbt-
aw/iccf^.
133
INDEX TO CONTENTS.
Page.
Alaska Mining Laws 8i
Announcement 2
Climate 24
Calls Himself a Crazy Fool 41
Cold in the Klondike 27
Capital of the Klondike 51
Certificate of Assignment of the Placer Mining Claim go
Company's Operations 20
Early Mining on the Yukon 25
Grant for Placer Mining qi
Golden Head Waters 50
History Repeats Itself 10
How to Reach the Gold Fields 3^
Letters 59
List of Claims on Bonanza and Other Creeks 64-72
Latest Rules for the Klondike i)3
Officers of the Company and Directors 1219
Outfit for a Man l(>
Outfit for a Woman 78
Output of the Future , 31
Pushing Up the Stream 46
Postal Facilities 55
Placer Mining and Regulations, Canadian Side 87
Placer Mining 79
Points for the Klondiker 73
Report of the U. S. Survey 34
Sluicing 80
Some Facts About Alaska 23
The World's Gold Production 31
The World's Stock of Gold 33
The Discovery on the Klondike 2y
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Allan, A. A.. Co 131
Brunswick-Balke-CoUender Co loi
Bitter Engraving Co 107
Commercial National Bank of Chicago 105
Curtis & Co : to5
Carpenter, Geo. B. , & Co 105
Cudahy Bros. Co ' "-
Carson, Pirie Scott & Co 100
Caverhill, Lemont & Co 132
1
I '
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued.
Page.
Detroit Stove Works loi
Davis, S., & Sons 130
Finzer, John, & Bros 112
Frederick, Nelson & Munroe 117
Goodyear Rubber Co 1 20
Garden City Billiard Table Co 97
Gordon & Ferguson 109
Greenshields, S., Son & Co 124
Guiterman Bros no
Golden Rule Bazaar 119
Hansen, Albert 115
Hudson Bay Co 129
King, Henry W 98
Keith Bros. & Co 99
Kuh, Nathan, Fischer & Co 106
Loyhed Tinware Mfg. Co 116 and 1 19
Lee's Pharmacy 117
Lowman & Hanford 117
T,orillard's Inside front cover
Lewis Bros. & Co 12?
Manasse, L. & Co 97
Mariner & Hosking ' 97
Minneapolis Knitting Works 109
Moran Bros. Co Inside back cover
Marshall, Geo. E , & Co io(.
La Mont's "3
May, Thos., & Co 126
North Star Shoe Co 109
Northern Pacific Railway 102 and 103
New York Condensed Milk Co in
Newhall, E. W., & Co i iS
Northwest Fixture Co • 119
Price Baking Powder 96
Putrnan, H. J., & Co 109
Portrait Engravings of Officers of the i 'ompany 12-11)
Portland Cr kct Co "3
Rosenfield, Job.., & Sons 108
Ranier Grand Hotel 121
Reiss Bros. & Co 104
Sage i Co 98
Seattle Transfer Co 116
Seattle Brewing Co 116
Schwabacher Bros. & Co 114
Sletson & Post Mill Co n8
Seattle Cracker & Candy Co 118
Stanford, W. E.. Mfg. Co., Ltd 123
Staley, A. C, Mfg. Cq;.-.: J.' : 108
Salisbury. W. H., & CA. /.;. : '.,, .;.■,... . .'.'.;. : ; . . . . . . ' ^' 107
Sheldon, G. W ,,,.. '■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 97
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Coutinued.
Page.
Taylor & Parrotte 104
Treomner 112
The McDougall & Southwick Co 122
The Washington National Bank 116
The First National Bank of Seattle 115
The Felitz Tent & Awning Co "7
The Paget Sound National Bank— Seattle 119
The H. Nelson & Sons Co., Ltd 124
The John L. Cassidy Co 124
The John McPherson Co., Ltd 125
The Geo. E. Tuckett & Son Co.. Ltd 125
The Canadian Rubber Co 127
The Gault Bros. Co., Ltd 127
The American Tobacco Co., of Canada, Ltd 128
The Canadian Bank '■ Commerce Ba;k cover
The Thos. Davidson A ., Ltd 107
The Towle Maple Syrup "3
Wilse, A. B 121
Wheeling Corrugating Co lof'
Wall, H. P., & Co 10^
Whitney, C. E., & Co. i33
Washington Iron Works 132
Weare Commission Company 132
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Actresses Fording Dyea River 53
Actresses Bound for Dawson at Happy Camp 57
A Typical Scene at Seattle 42
Bonanza Creek ^3
Cabin and Dining Saloon, Steamc' Roanoke 28
Dawson City 9^
Dining Saloon of Steamer Hamilton 37
Fort "Get There" ^9
Home from the Klondike 21
Indian Merchants
Ice Below Dawson City.
95
83
Maps 3-9
Officers of the North American Transportation & Trading Co 12-19
Packers on 1 ail near Sheep Camp 4°
Steamer C. H. Hamilton 32
Steamer Roanoke ^"
Sea Gulls on Seattle Wharf 25
Towing Provisions Up Dyea River 75
The N. A. T. & T. Co. 's Steamer Leaving Seattle for St. Michael 45
Welcome to the N. A. T. ^ T. Co.'s. Steamer. . -35
White Horse Rapios . ^^
Page.
. . . 104
. . . 112
... 122
... 116
... 115
... 117
... 119
... 124
... 124
... 125
. .. 125
... 127
... 127
... 128
:k cover
... 107
... 113
... 121
. . . 106
. . . 106
133
... 132
. ... 132
• .. 53
. .. 57
. .. 42
... 63
. .. 28
. . . 92
. .. 37
. .. 69
. . . 21
. . . 95
... 83
••• 3-9
,..12-19
... 40
... 32
... 26
... 25
• •• 75
... 45
... ^5
... 48