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Centennial Celebration 1790 — 1890 r. o ■r. y. -J o en b -y 2 ' ^ w 0..ll'.;r 'A o Vy y -1 -J o u b 2 i THE University of King^s College WINDSOR, NOVA SCOTIA 1790-1890 By henry YOULE MIND, M.A. / NEW YORK THE CHURCH REVIEW COMPANY I, 3 Union Square 1890 Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year 1890, By Henry Youle Hind, In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. 29ntbersttg |3rcss: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. CONVdCATlON IIAI.L, KIMi'S {.( )I.LK(;k, WINnsoK. N.S. HKNSr.KV MKMOKIAI, (HAI'KI , KIN(iS ( (11 I.K(ii:. WINDSOR N.S. i Mnq;^ College, CKUinDjsot, ISoba ^cotta* ON March 21, 1783, eighteen clergymen met in New York to formulate a plan for the establishment of an Episcopate in Nova Scotia.^ On October 18 of that year, five of these clergymen reassembled in New York to further urge the pro- posal, which had been outlined early in the month of March, for a college and grammar school in the same Province.^ The date of "A Plan of Religious and Literary Institution for the Province of Nova Scotia," is New York, March 8, 1783. It precedes the proposal for an Episcopate by 13 days, but this " plan " does not appear to have been sent by General Sir Guy Carleton to Lord North until Oct. 26, 1783.3 Both of these plans, however, proved of vast importance, and soon resulted in measures for the establishment of the Episcopate in the » Definitive Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and the United States was concluded vSept. 3, 17S3. '^ See Papers in the Dorchester Collection, preserved in the Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. (Published in Collections of the N. S. Historical So- ciety, vol. vi.) 8 To the Right Ilonoiirable Lord AWth. New York, Oct. 26, 1783. My Lord, — I enclose a copy of a letter from several clergymen here, propo.s- ing the institution of a college in Nova Scotia as an object of great importance to the future interests of government and the welfare of the Province. As there can be no doubt but such an institution, wisely planned and well con- ducted, would contribute essentially to the public benefit, I am with equal certainty persuaded your Lordship will be pleased to take the subject into consideration, and give the design all the assistance of your advice and patronage. J, , I am, &c. Enclosure : — "A Plan of Religious and Literary Institution for the Province of Nova Scotia." (The Plan is printed in the Transactions of the N. S. His. Soc. vol vi p 125.) , . , y. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Trovince of Nova Scotia, and for the foundation of King's Col- lege at Windsor, with its attached collegiate school.^ The circumstances under which these eighteen clergymen met were unusually distressing. The period was at the close of the Revolutionary War. The property of some of them had been for the most part debtroyed or confiscated. Others had been violently separated from their families, and imprisoned or maltreated. The subsequent fate which befell the different members of the self-constituted Convention of March 21, 1783, was diverse in the extreme. Jointly, this heroic band had for- mulated and adopted schemes for the security of the Church in the thirteen independent States and the adjacent British Province of Nova Scotia, which then included New Brunswick. Three of the Convention subsequently became bishops, but under two different forms of government, emerging from pro- longed and bitter strife. They had consequently a distinct and to a certain extent antagonistic temporal allegiance ; but they had jointly fought for and secured the same spiritual succes- sion, and thus remained members of one undivided Church. They had together labored for the security of that Church throughout all English-speaking America. They recommended an American, then in England, Dr. T. Bradbury Chandler, for Bishop of Nova Scotia, in a letter dated March 26, 1783.2 The day before this selection was made, ten clergymen met at Woodbury, Connecticut, and selected Revs. Jeremiah Learn- ing, D. D., and Samuel Scabury, D. D., as suitable, either of them, to go to England and solicit consecration as bishop of that State. Dr. Leaming declined, and Dr. Seabury sailed for England in June.^ ' Permit us to observe briefly that so far as circumstances will admit, provi- sion should be made for a President, for able Professors in the different branches of Science, and for a good Grammar School, &c. — Transactions of the N. S. His. Soc, vol. vi., p. 125. 2 Letter to His Excellency Sir Guy Carleton, signed by seventeen of the Con- vention, dated New York, March 26, 1783. — Dorchester Pa/'ers. Dr. Chandler declined the office, and recommended Dr. Charles Inglis. 8 Seabury Centenary Commemoration, 1884. Seabury Centenary Ifandhook. Edinburgh, 18S4. Note. — The communication of the clergy of Connecticut to the Archbishop of York is d.ited New York, April 21, 1783, and signed, Abraham Jarvis, Secretary to the Convention. The testimonial to Dr. Seabury, adopted at the Convention, is signed by Jeremiah LcaminR, D. D., Charles Inglis, D. D., Benjamin Moore, D. D., and "others." The letter Dr. .Seabury took with him, addressed to the Archbishop of York, is dated N. Y., May 24, 1783, and signed in the same way and with the i m Kings CollcgCy Windsor, Nova Scoiia. 7 Thus within the space of four and twenty hours, a small body of practically proscribed clergymen, many of them under a po- litical ban, driven from their homes, their property confiscated, some of them feeble from imprisonment, gathered together and did what mortals in those distracted times could do, to secure the foundation of one undivided Church, in a continent twice the size of Europe, and now possessing sixty millions of English- speaking people.' I The Men who did the Work. It is fitting to cherish the names of those who initiated this work at a moment when the future of each was involved in doubt, and some were already in dire distress, being driven from their missions and separated from their families durin^^ the progress of a revolutionary war of vast concern to freedom and religion.2 The following table includes the names of these brave and pious men, distinguishing those who were S. P. G. Missionaries The first five signed the letter dated Oct. 18, 1783, further ur-r- ing the plan adopted on March 8, 1783, for the founding of'^a college and grammar school at Windsor.^ The whole signed the plan for the establishment of an Episcopate in Nova Scotia dated New York, March 21, 1783. same names as the testimonial, (^r,■moirs of the rrotcstant Episcopal Church in the U^S ofAmcnca, by \ ,1 ham White, D. I ).. .836.) It would be advantageous if the Douhcstcr Papers, and the above specified letters in White's Memoir's were re- pnnted together, and in the order of their respective dates nf thi^7.""-'T' 1 "'" If '^'•''!S^'°-*«'^«. «"fl sometin.es dreadful privations of many Hi torv of" h 'r 1" ^^Vrl"'";' ?^'^«'"-"f "- Church of ICngland ; Anderson's History of the Coh.n.al Church; Early S. P. Cx. Reports; C. Herbert Lee's work hereafter cited; and special narratives. 'crucrt ixe s woik, ^ The reply of Lord North through Sir Guy Carleton to "the clerey of the Church now at New York," is an instance of the marvellous effect of tl c Revol .- tionary War m religious matters as well as .secular. Lord North's rep y was nd i U urch nattcis. His Lordship says: ■■ The King's servants have taken into thnV consKlerat.on the letter from the clergy of the Church now at New York, ad he desirable thnf^h.;.^,"^ , " Y""'^ "'^^ '^"■■'">' '^'''^'^^ "" ^^"^^ measure, it is very A.uIT •'"! '?"'■'•"'": "" ^"''"'^ Seminary, Academy, or College, should without 8 Kings College, Windsor, '^ova Scotia. Names of the Eiohteen Clergymen in the Thirteen TisnEPENDENT States WHO SIl-.NED the " ri.AN OF REI-UHOUS AND LITERARY iNSi ITUTION FOR THE Province of Nova Scotia," dated New York, March 8, 1783, and the Plan for an " Episcopate in Nova Scotia," dated New York, March 21, 17S3. Name. Station in United States. Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D.i Rev, II. Addison Jonathan Odell . . . . Benjamin Moore, D. D. Charles Mongan . . . , Samuel Seadury, D. D.^ Jeremiah Learning I. Waller . . . Moses Badger George Panton . John Beardsley . Isaac Browne John Sayre . . John II. Rowland Thus. Moore . . Geo. Bisset . . Joshua Bloomer John Bowden Snbsequeni Station. Trinity Church, N. Y, St. John's, Maryland Miss, at Burlington and Mt. Holly, N. Jersey Asst. Minister, Trinity, N. Y England (1783). First Bishop of the Colo- nial Church, 1787. St. John's, Md. New Brunswick, 17S6. Bishop ofN. Y., iSoi. Miss, at Statcnis,, N. Y. First Bishop of American Chttrch, 1784. Miss, late at Norwalk, Conn S.P.G.Itin Miss.inN.H. Miss, at Trenton, N. J. Miss, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y Miss, at Newark, N. J. Miss, late at Fairfield, Conn Miss, in Penn. . . (1784) New York . Rector of Newport, R. I. Miss, at Jamaica, Flush- ing, and Newtown, N. Y.3 Newburgh .... Remained in U. S. Halifax, 1776- Nova Scotia, 1783. New Brunswick. Nova Scotia. New Brunswick, 1783. (Maugerville.) N. Scotia (Shelburne). Remained in U. S. New Brunswick (St. John), 1786. Remained in U. S. W. Indies, subsequently returned to N. \. Right Rev. and Hon. Charles Inglts, D. D. — Born 1734. in Ireland. S. P. G. Missionary at Dover, Del., 1759. Assistant Rector of Trinity Church, N. Y., 1765. Rector of Trinity, N. Y., 1 Sec Dorchester Papers for a letter of recommendation from Sir Guy Carle- ton to Lord North concerning the " Reverend Doctor Inglis," dated N. Y., Oct. 23, a-'communication of the clergy of Connecticut to the Archbishop of York, dated N. Y., April 21, 1783, with testimonials in favor of Dr. Seabury as Bishop of Connecticut, is given in White's Memoirs, p. 277. t i- -r, r. The testimonial is signed by Jeremiah Leaming, D. D., Charles Inglis, D. D., and Benjamin Moore, D. D. 8 Meeting at New Brunswick, N. J., May, 1784 Revs. Messrs. Bloomer, Benjamin Moore, and Thomas Moore, from the St.ate of New Yox]^.- Wh,te s Memoirs of the Pro. Epis. Ch. in the U. S. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 9 1777. Removed to I<:n-land 1783. Consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia, with jurisdiction (ecclesiastical; over the iVovinces of Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Bermuda and Ncv-*"jundland, Aug. 12, 1787. First Co- lonial Bishop of the Church of Enj^land. Died at Halifax, Feb, 24, 1 8 16. aged 82. Buried in S. Paul's Church, Halifax. RiGii Rev. S.amuel Seabury, S. T. D. — Bom at Groton, Conn., Nov. 30, 1729. Grad. at Yale 1748. Ordained by ]5ishop of Lincoln. S. P. G. Miss., in Long Island, 1754. Rec- tor of S. Peter's, Westchester, 1764. Driven from Westchester. Retired to New York. S. T. D. Oxon 1777. Sent to England for consecration as Bishop-elect of Connecticut in June, 1783. Consecrated at Aberdeen, Scot., Nov. 14, 1784, by the Rt. Rev. Robert Kilgour, Primus, assisted by Bishops Petrie and Skinner. Returned to Newport June 20, 1785. New London, June 27. Died Feb. 25, 1796. Buried at New London. Right Rev. Ben7AMIN Moore. — Assistant Minister of Trin- ity Parish, New York, under the Rectorship of Inglis. Suc- ceeded Inglis as rector, but the election was pronounced void in 1784. Graduated at King's College, N. Y., now Columbia College, in 1768. S. T. D. 1789. President of King's/;-^ tan. 1775-76. Prof. Rhet. and Logic 1784-87. President Columbia College 1801-11. Consecrated Bishop of N. Y. at Trenton, N. J., Sept. II, 1801. Died 1816, aged 68. Hon. and Rev. Jonathan Odell. — Born in Newark, N. J., 1737- Ordained 1766, Minister at Burlington, N. J., 1766. Re- tired to England 1783. Appointed to Leg. Coun. in N. B. in 1786. Died at Fredericton, N. B. 18 18. Rev. George Panton. — S. P. G. Miss, at Trenton, N. J., 1775-76. Refugee; N. S.; S. P. G. Missionary at Yarmouth. 1786. Rev. John Beardsley. ^ S. P. G. Miss, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Received Hon. Dcg. A. B. 1761 and A. M. 1768 from King's College, now Columbia Coll., N. Y. Refugee; St. John, N. B., 1783. Chaplain in Col. Beverly Robinson's regi- ment, and with it came to N. B. « The Refugees have built more than 500 houses, mostly frames, within 10 weeks, and frames were daily raising." {S. P. G. Report, 1783-84.) Died 1 8 10, aged 80. Rev. Isaac Browne. — Grad. at Yale 1729. S. P. G. Miss. at Brookhaven, L. I., 1733. S. P. G. Miss, at Newark, N. J. lo Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Refugee; and after a month's tempestuous voyage arrived at Annapolis, N. S., 1783, having lost nearly all his property. He was S. P. G. Miss, at Newark, N. J., between 40 and 50 years. Died in poverty at Windsor, N. S., February, 1787, the year of the establishment of the Episcopate in N. S. Rev. John Sayre. — S. P. G. Miss, at Fairfield, Conn. Refu- gee ; reached Maugerville, on the St. John River, among a mul- titude of Refugees, having lost " his all." Died at Burton, N. B., 1784, aged 47. Rev. John H. Rowland. — Missionary in Pennsylvania. (The name of Rev. John Rowland appears in the S. P. G. list for 1790-91, and in the abstract for 1778-79, he is expected " to take charge of the parish of Shclburne, N. S.") Died 1795. His son, Rev. Thos. Rowland, D. C. L., entered King's College, Windsor, in 1 796. Rev. George Bisset. — Rector of Newport, R. I., 1771. New York, 1779. Retired to England. Arrived at St. John, N. B., 1786, as first Rector of St. John parish. Died 1788. Rev. John Bowden. — Educated at Princeton College, N. J., afterward at King's College, N. Y., 1772. One of the Assistant Ministers of Trinity parish, N. Y., during the Rectorship of Auchmuty. Went as Refugee to the West Indies, and took pastoral charge at St. Croix. Subsequently returned and be- came Professor of Moral Philosophy at Columbia College, N. Y., 1 801-17. S. T. D. 1796. Died 181 7, aged 66. Rev. Jeremiah Leaming, S. T. D. — Graduated at Yale 1745. S. T. D. Columbia College 1789. S. P. G. Miss, at Newport, then at Norwalk. Suffered greatly during the War of Independence. Lost all his property, and contracted disease from confinement in prison. Was nominated Bishop-elect of Conn, with Dr. Seabury, on March 25, 1783, but declined on account of advancing years and bodily infirmities. Died 1804. Rev. Henry Addison. — Born in St. John's, Prince George Ct., Maryland. Ordained 1742. Incumbent of St. John's, Pr. Geo. Ct. A Loyalist. Resigned his parish 1776. Retired to England. Returned to Maryland. Died in 1789. His parish- ioners would have no other minister while he lived. Rev. Joshua Bloomer.— Graduated at King's College, N.Y. (now Columbia College), in. 1758. A. M. in course. S. T. D. in 1790. Died 1790, aged 55. i 1 Kin£s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. IX Rev. Thomas Lambert Moore. — Graduated at King s (now Columbia) College, N. Y., 1775. A. M. 1790. Died 1799! Rev. Moses Badger. — Graduated at Harvard 1761. A. M. in course. Died 1792. No record of " Charles Mongan " and " I. Waller " is avail- able. Probably the names should read " Morgan " and " A Waller." Other Helping Hands. In the Report of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel for the year ending Feb. 20, 1784, the following passage is found : " Among the vast number of loj'al Refugees who have sought an asylum in Nova Scotia are the following clergy- men, connected with the Society; namely, the Rev. Messrs. Walter, Panton, John and James Sayre, Browne, and Beardsley." On page 34 of the same Report is a list of the unemployed Refu- gee missionaries in Nova Scotia and England, and among the names of those then in Halifax is that of Dr. Mather Bylcs, formerly of Boston. Dr. Byles was subsequently S. P. G Mis- sionary at St. John, N. B. Among other Refugees may be mentioned the Rev. Jacob Bailey, surnamed the "Frontier Missionary." He arrived at Halifax in 1779, almost destitute. He went first to Cornwallis, then to Annapolis. Early in 1780 the Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks, Rector of S. Michael's Mar- blehead, Mass., found refuge at Halifax. This clergyman graduated at Harvard in 1758. He was appointed chaplain to part of the garrison at Halifax. Dr. Caner was also among the Refugees ni Halifax for a short period. The Rev. S. Cooke from Shrewsbury, N. J., the Revs. Messrs. Scovil. Andrews, and Clarke from Connecticut, were provided with missions in New Brunswick;! so that the Church in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, on the establishment of the Episcopate, was largely served by missionaries who had been obliged to flee from their homes and missions in the thirteen United States. In the sermon preached before the S. P. G. on Feb. 20, 1784 the Bishop of Oxford said, " An infant Church is rising under the favour and protection of Government in Nova Scotia; and ' See An Historical Sketch of the First Fifty Years of the Church of England in the Prov,nceo/NewBruns7oich. by G. Herbert Lee, A. M., St. John, N. B., i83o; Sun Publishing Co. > j > . ""vj. 12 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. it is of a singular dcscriptio , consisting of llONOURAnLE EX- ILES, under tlic pastoral care of fellow-sufferers."^ This was the " INFANT ClIUKClI " for which the first bishop, Dr. Charles Inglis, urged shortly after his consecration, that " one great object of his appointment is to Ordain Candidates for Holy Orders, to supply vacant Churches with Clergymen, who cannot be supplied from Europe. But if there is no SEMI- NARY, we cannot expect any to be duly educated and qualified for Orders ; and consequently none can be Ordained. So that, in fact, the want of a Seminary will totally defeat, in this re- spect, one principal object which Government had in view, by appointing a bishop, as well as the benefits thereby intended for the Church of England." ^ Condition of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in 1783-84. A vast human wave gathered throughout the Northern States in 1783-84 and broke on the shores of Nova Scotia, the confines of New Brunswick, the littoral of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes as far as the St. Clair. Over forty thousand people — very many of them suddenly and without provision — had to leave their homes and posses- sions, fleeing for safety or comfort to the northeast, north, and northwest. Of the great numbers hastily set in violent move- ment, about 18,000 arrived in the Nova Scotian peninsula, about ir,ooo reached New Brunswick, and 10,000 the valley of the St. Lawrence.^ Sad was the condition of many of these people in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. A " muster " was ordered to be taken by Sir Guy Carleton in July, 1783. The gathering of information occupied the best part of a year. The results were frightful. They must perish, says the Report, if they are not relieved. The report made by Lieutenant-Colonel Morse is little known. It deserves wide publication. It is the beginning of the history 1 Proceedings of the S. P. G., 1784, p. 18. . 3 Memoranda respecting King's College, at Windsor, in Nova Scotia, by John Nova Scotia. Halifax, Feb. 26, 1S36. * This movement commenced, to a small extent, in 1776, when Boston was evac- uated. Many families fled to the Province of Quebec in 1777, when Lurgoyne capitulated. About, and shortly after the declaration of peace in September, 17S3, Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, 13 of a young nation. The summary of Colonel Morse's return to Sir Guy Carleton is as follows : — Old Hritish Inhabitants 14,000 Acadians 400 (Too small.) Disbanded Troops and Loyalists 28,347 > Total 42,747 The disbanded troops and Loyalists were thus divided : — In New Brunswick 11,047 In Nova Scotia 17,300 Out of these 28,347 persons, only 1,590 were not considered as entitled to the royal bounty of provisions. The children drew but half a ration. The condition of these people is described as gloomy in the extreme. Colonel Morse says, " If those poor people who, from want of land to cultivate and raise a subsistence to thcm- .selves, are not fed by Government for a considerable time longer, they must perish. They have no other country to go to, — no other asylum." ^ Each Refugee family in the Province of Nova Scotia, and also in Canada, was given from 200 to 1200 acres of land, together with agricultural implements, and provisions for two years. Be it remembered that the land thus given to these Refugees was a forest-clad wilderness, in a country without roads. Much of the land in Nova Scotia was of a very poor description, and the climate in some parts more severe and unfitted for agricul- tural beginnings than the southerly Provinces from which very many had fled.^ the forced emigration rose to its height suddenly. But throughout the entire period of Revolutionary warfare, and subsequently, families were continually drifting North, and there is reason to believe that the numbers given above are under-estimated. 1 The details are: 12,383 men ; 5,486 women; 4,671 children above ten years; 4,575 children under ten years; 1,2152 servants. — Total, 28,347. (The "servants " were probably slaves.) ' A general description of the Province of Nova Scotia and a report of the present state of the Defences, with observations leading to the further growth and security of this Colony, done by Lieutenant-Colonel Morse, Chief Engineer in America, upon a Tour of the Province in the Autumn of the year 1783 and the Summer, 1784. Under the Orders and Instructions of His Excellency, Sir Guy Carleton, General and Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's Forces in North America, given at Head Quarters at New York, the 28th Day of July, \i%2,— Re- port on Canadian Archives, 1884. * The order for grants of land to Loyalist Refugees in Nova Scotia and 6 pence 14 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. What is now the great Province of Ontario had no settlers of British origin prior to the influx of the Refugees. Tiie Province of Quebec had a population of 113,012 souls, of which 15,000 only were estimated to be of British origin. The returns of Brook Watson — the British Commissary-General at New York at the period of the final evacuation of that city by the King's troops in November, 1 783 — show that during the previous ten months of that eventful year nearly 30,000 men, women, and children had been sent from New York to the several maritime Provinces, Canada, and the West Indies. Few exiles ever suffered more severely than did the majority of these Loyalists ; the character and inotives of none have ever been more persistently misrepresented. — J. IVafson Smith, in Collection 0/ the N. S. His. Soc, 1888. In New Brunswick there were 1,787 exiles at Passamaquoddy on the oundary line; 9,260 reached the St. John River. In Nova Scotia 7,923 were landed in the forests at Shelburne, 1,053 at Chcdabu.to, 1,830 at Annapolis, and the rest in blocks of a few hundred throughout the country. We must consider the hurry of the enforced departure, the wretched character of the vessels in which many came, the rock-bound shores on which they were landed, the untouched forest, stretching for thousands of miles, suddenly invaded, and, finally, the character of the 14,000 " Old Inhabitants " in Nova Scotia, whose peace or longings they had disturbed and, it may be, disappointed, be- fore we can picture the effects of the breaking of this vast human wave on fifteen hundred miles of a rock-bound or forest frontier line, from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. But notwithstanding all these difficulties, an Episcopate was inaugurated, a grammar school established, and a college founded, one within four years, one within five years, and the last-named institution within seven years after the memorable meeting in New York, which took place under circumstances with few parallels hi history.^ sterling a day to those who were indigent, was issued by the Imperial Government, in October, 1775 ; but at this time the Refugees were few in number. In Septem- ber, 1783, Governor Parr estimated the number arrived in Nova Scotia at 18,000. Colonel Morse's "muster "was made in the summer of 1784, and included dis- banded soldiers and nsgroes. ^ Prior to these efforts of Episcopal clergymen assembled in New York to secure a college in Nova Scotia, ineffectual proposals had been made in the Province as early as 1768 for a collegiate school in connection with the Church. The Home Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. , 15 How the college and the school have struggled on through the past century, amid difficulties which often appeared insup- erable, remains now to be told. The 14,000 " Old Iniiaditants." In describing the progress of an institution having special objects, together with the work it has accomplished, it is neces- sary to have some knowledge of the early training and predilec- tions of the people it was designed to serve. Hence it becomes advisable to glance at the origin and dispositions of the 14,000 "Old Inhabitants" of Nova Scotia in 1784. We may let Lieutenant-Colonel Morse describe them. He was an eye- witness, and though his picture is not a pleasant one, it is easy to lighten the shadows. Before I proceed to give the number of the disbanded troops and Loyalists, it may not be improper to observe that a great iiart of the Oi.D iMii.viiiTANTS, especially the wealthy ones, are from New England, and that they discovered, during tiie late war, the same sentiments which prevailed in that country. I think it necessary to add that the Legislature is principally composed of these men. This is natural, and probably the influx of the Refugees and the presence of large fleets at ILilifax, may have exerted an mfluence on some of the " Old Inhabitants," but the majority were unmistakably loyal. The great body of sympathizers returned to the disaffected Provinces. This is well shown in the sudden diminution of the population of Nova Scotia from 17,000 in 1772 to 12,000 in 1781, as appears in the following tables. Government of the day considered that such a project ought to be first inaugurated by the people, and aid might then properly be sought from the authorities. In 1760 a formal proposition was made to the S. P. G. to withdraw the allowance granted by that society to schoolmasters in Nova Scotia, and devote the grants to the sup- port of a public seminary at Windsor. This proposal was kindly received, but shelved on account of want of funds. Then came the Revolutionary War ; and as a consequence, the influx of a very large number of Refugees into Nova Scotia. This great change in the relations of the two countries led to the plan suggested by the five clergymen in New York, whose names have already been given. i6 King s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Population of Nova Scotia at Different Periods prior to 1784. 1762—8,104. 1 7^13 — 9,000. 1764—9,988. 1765— 9.789- 1767—11,679 1772—17,000. 1781 — 12,000. (Owing to counter Emigration.) 1784 — 32,000. (20,000 U. E. Loyalists.) 1790 — 32,000. (Peninsula only. N. B. sepa- rated in 17S4.) New Brunswick. — Population in 1782- 'Population by Nationali- ties in 1767. Americans . . 5,9^ Irish .... 2,000 Germans . . . 1,883 Acadians''^ . . 921 English . . . 757 Scotch . . . 149 Total, 11,679 800; in 1783 — 11,457. To the 14,000 " Old Inhabitants " wc have now to add some 18,000 Loyalists. These were well attached to the Crown, but not a large number members of the Church of England. The Early Eccleslystical Condition of Nova Scotia. A few brief notes outlining the ecclesiastical condition of the Province, from the date of the proposal to settle the country with Protestant English or Americans, in 1 749, to the consecra- tion of the first bishop, in 1787, may not be out of place. The first suggestion respecting missionaries appears to have come from the Home Government prior to the settlement of Halifax. In a letter addressed by the Lords Commissioners for Trade • and Plantations to the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- pel in Foreign Parts, dated April 6, 1749, intimation was given that the Government intended to settle six townships in Nova Scotia, and the Lords Commissioners requested the S. P. G. to name a minister and schoolmaster for each township, " hoping that they (the SocietyJ will give such encouragements to them as the Society shall think proper until their lands can be so far cultivated as to afiford a sufficient support." The Government 1 CV«J«J (?/' 1870-71, vol. iv. 2 Ibid. — There must be a mistake here in the omission of the French Immi- grants. In 1752 M. Moreau reported to the S. P. G. that 500 Protestants of the Confession of Augsburg had recently arrived in Nova Scotia from MontbcUiard in France, and had joined themselves to the Church of England. The French Protestants with about 1,000 Germans migrated from Halifax to Lunenburgh in •753, with the Rev. M. Moreau as their S. P. G. Missionary. It !s probable that in subsequent enumerations of nationalities the descendants of these Protestant French are lost sight of. ■■? i Kings College, Windsor^ Nova Scotia. 1 7 proposed to give each clergyman two hundred acres of land, and each schoolmaster one hundred acres, to be held in per- petuity by them and their heirs; also to furnish them with arms, ammunition, materials for husbandry and building their houses, etc., and to be subsisted for twelve months after their arrival. Their Lordships think proper that the Society should be informed that (except the Garrison of Annapolis) all the inhabitants of the said Province, amounting to 20,000, are French Roman Catholics, and that there are a great number of priests resident among them, who act under the directions of the French Bishop of Quebec. At the same time their Lordships would recommend it to the con- sideration of the Society, whether it may not be advisable to choose some amongst others of the Ministers and Schoolmasters to be sent, who, by speaking the French language, may be particularly useful in cultivating a sense of the tnie Protestant Religion among the said in- habitants, and educating their children in the principles thereof. — Hawkins Missions of tiie Cliurch of England. In 1752 there were four Church of England Missionaries paid m part by the S. P. G. in Nova Scotia, and fifty-seven in the Provinces now forming the United States. Then came the "Expulsion of the Acadians " in 1755, fol- lowed by the settlement of several townships from Rhode Lsland, New Jersey, and New England generally, in 1760 and 176 1. Governor Parr, writing in 1769 from Halifax, says,— There are now residing and officiating in several of the Towns six clergymen of the Established Church, who are employed as Missiona- ries from the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign parts, from whom they receive each ^70 sterling per annum ; they also receive each £10 steriing per annum more from the Government at home. ... By computation it appears that 95 out of every 100 of the in- habitants of the country towns are Dissenters from the Established Church. — MS. in iiandwriting of Governor Parr, N. S. Archives. A valuable paper drawn up by Dr. S. A. Green, of Boston,i gives information respecting the Dissenting ministers in Nov'a Scotia in 1770. His authority is a letter from Benjamin Gerrish and Malachy Salter. 1 Cofisrs^ational Churches in Noiui Scotia, by Samuel A. Green. (Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massachusetts His. Soc, Fel)ruary, iSS8.) !; i8 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. CONGREGATIONALISTS, — Rev. Israel Cheever, grad. at Harvard, 1749. Settled at Liverpool, N.S. " John Seccombe, " Caleb Gannett, " Nehemiah Porter, " Mr. Wood (b. in N. E.). Mr. Moor (b. in Ireland). " Benajah Phelps (b. in Conn.) Presbyterian, — Rev. Mr. Murdock (b. in Ireland). " Mr. Lyon (b. in N. Jersey). « 11 1728. Chester, N.S., '63 u 1763. Amherst, N. S. i( 1745- Yarmouth. Barrington. Halifax. Cornwallis. u Horton. '.t Truro. All these ministers were in distressed circumstances on ac- count of the poverty of the colony, and sought relief from New England. In 1779 the S. P. G. Missionaries in the Provinces who had asserted their independence were as subjoined : — New Hampshire .... 2 Massachusetts Bay ... 7 Rhode Island 3 Connecticut 15 New York 9 New Jersey . Pennsylvania North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . . Total 8 7 I I 2 55 In the year 1783 the Record of the S. P. G. states that the Society continued to pay salaries to nineteen who remained at their posts in the independent States, and gives a list of seven- teen who had fled to Nova Scotia or England, to whom, being unemployed, the Society continued an allowance. The Church of England Missionaries in British America, on the rolls of the S. P. G. during the year 1784, were as follows : — In Nova Scotia 6 " New Brunswick 2 " Canada 2 " Newfoundland 3 Total 13 When Dr. IngHs was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia with Episcopal jurisdiction in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Canada, and Newfoundland, in 1787, there were of S. P. G. Missionaries, — ! Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. 19 In Nova Scotia H " New Brunswick 6 " Canada 2 " Newfoundland 3 " Cape Breton i Total .... 24 The effect of the Revolutionary War on the ministerial work of the Church of England in America is well described in a few lines addressed by Bishop Inglis to Bishop White, of Pennsyl- vania, from Fredericton, N. B., in August, 1788. The passage shows that the elements from which it was proposed to re- construct the Church were diverse, scattered, and frequently adverse. The Government is entirely on my side, and no powerful faction can be formed against me ; with respect to you, Government can at best be only neutral, and you may justly expect opposition from other denominations; with respect to both, ecclesiastical matters are in a sad state of derangement, and the Episcopal Church is to be raised, as it were, from the foundation} The Academy at Windsor. In Bishop Inglis's first letter from Halifax after his consecra- tion, to the Archbishop of Canterbury, dated Dec. 26, 1787, he informs his Grace : — The Assembly of this Province met the latter end of October ; some of the principal Members of which were my old friends. To these I communicated my wishes respecting a Public Grammar School, and urged the absolute necessity of the Legislature's interference and sup- port for the purpose. Those friends perfectly concurred in opinion with me, and promised their warmest support. I afterwards spoke to several other leading Members of the Assembly on the subject ; and while matters were in this state, the Packet arrived with the Governor's Instructions relative to a Bishop. I immediately requested Governor Parr to lay the King's Instruction relative to Schools before the Coun- cil and Assembly, which he did ; and soon after the Assembly voted the Sum of ^400, to be appropriated to the use of an Academy, in the manner which Your Grace will see directed in the Proceedings of the Assembly which accompany this Letter. 1 The First Bishop of Nova Scotia,\yj Wt Rt. Rev. Bishop Perry. —Church Revifav, September, 1887. I ■ It I 20 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, The Proceedings alluded to contained a resolution for the speedy establishment of a public school in a central situation ; that an exemplary clergyman of the Established Church should be placed at the head of the School ; and that a Professor of Mathematics should be provided ; and that the Bishop of Nova Scotia should be requested to endeavor to procure these officers. They also recommend to the consideration of the members the propriety of establishi7ig a college, upon which the members were recommended to consult their constituents.- and also upon the resources that might be obtained from the several counties for the endowment of a college, that they might come prepared at the next session to give the fullest information on the subject.^ The governing body of the Academy appointed by the House of Assembly consisted of the Lieutenant-Governor, the Bishop the Chief-Justice, the President of the Council, and the Speaker of the House of Assembly. On Nov. I, 1788, the Academy was opened at Windsor by the Bishop. Mr. Archibald P. Inglis, a nephew of the Bishop, was appointed " President " of the Academy for one year. The title was afterward changed to Principal. The Academy commenced its life in Susanna Francklin's house, close to the present College grounds. A tract of twelve acres, with the house, was leased to the Governors of the Acad- emy on May 18, 1790, and the agreement 2 was between Susanna Francklin 3 (widow of Governor Francklin), and James Boutincau Francklin (her son), on the one part. Governor Parr, Charles Nova Scotia, Richd. Bulkeley, S. S. Blowers, R. J. Uniacke, on the other part. The indenture leases the house for five years from Nov. i, 1789. After the lapse of that period the Academy was moved to a part of the newly erected College buildings. The opening of the Academy took place after the Bishop's return from a tour to the missions in New Brunswick. In 1789 he visited Quebec and Montreal, and held confirmations in those distant parts of his vast Diocese. 1 Memoranda respecting King's College, at Windsor, in Nova Scotia, by John Nova Scotia. Halifax. Feb. 26, 1836. The precise words of the resolutions passed by the House of Assembly are given on page 5 of " King's College, Windsor." by Thos. B Aknis, D. C. L., 1865. o o-» » / 2 Indenture in the Library of King's College. 8 Daughter of Joseph Boutineau, of Boston. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 21 ■^ The records show that the Academy has throughout the past century been the mainstay of the College. It appears that for several years after the charter was granted, the only matricu- lants at the College were boys from the attached Academy. During many years the School itself was kept in the College building, and the boys boarded there, or in private houses when the numbers became inconveniently large. In 1802 there were upward of forty boys in the Classical Department. Conscious that the future of the College depended upon the efficiency of the Academy or Grammar School in connection with it, the Governors gave early attention to the erection of a permanent building within the limits of the College grounds. Operations were commenced in 18 13, but it was not until the year 1821 that a substantial stone building was erected, at a cost of ;^63 8 1 8j., or $25,526. The money was obtained from duties collected at Castinc, after being taken by the British forces during the war of 1812. Among the lack of aids to education in Nova Scotia at this period, the want of books of all kinds was a great drawback. The most common books required by students were not to be obtained in the Province even in 1803. The College. — First Period. — 1790 to the First At- tempt TO move the College to Halifax in 1824. In 1789 the following act was passed by the Legislature of Nova Scotia : — "THE statutes AT LARGE," NOVA SCOTIA, 1789. (29 GEO. III.) Vol. I, Page 268, Cap. iv.i An Act for founding, estarlishing, and maintaining a College in THIS Province. Whereas, the permanent establishment and effectual support of a Col- lege at Windsor, may, by the blessing of God, become of the greatest pub- lic utility to this Province, and to His Majesty's neighbouring Colonies : I. Be it therefore enacted, by the Lieutenant-Governor, Council, and Assembly, That a sum not exceeding four hundred and forty-four 1 The first section of this act was repealed by chapter 31 of the Acts of iSei- and the whole act was repealed by chapter 66 of the Acts of 1853. It is now re^ printed as showing the legislative origin of the College; as throwing light on the I 2 2 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. pounds, eight shillings, and ten pence half-penny, current money of Nova Scotia, equal to four hundred pounds, sterling money of Great Britain, shall be yearly, and every year, granted, allowed, and paid by, from, or out of, such monies as may from time to time be collected and paid into the public Treasury of this Province from the duties im- posed, or to be imposed, on brown and loaf, or refined, sugars ; and in case such duties are not sufficient to answer the said sum at the ; days and time of payment thereof, then by, from, or out of any other , aids, supplies, or taxes not otherwise specially appropriated to other \ uses ; which sum of four hundred and forty-four pounds, eight shillings, I and ten pence half-penny, shall be drawn by warrant, under the hand I and seal of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander-in-Chief ,' for the time being, on the Provincial Treasurer in the way usually prac- j, tised in equal quarterly payments ; the first quarter to commence the ' first of January, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and to ; be drawn for on the first of April, and so on from quarter to quarter 1 as the same shall grow due, on the requisition of the Governors of the ' said College, or the major part of them, as herein after appointed, for i or towards the maintenance and support of the said college, and the \ payment of the salaries of the President and Professors to be by them ' appointed. II. And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid. That the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Nova Scotia, for the time being; the Lieutenant-Governor, for the time being; the Bishop of Nova Scotia, for the time being; the Chief-Justice, for the time being ; the Secretary of the Province, for the time being ; the Speaker of the House of Assembly, for the time being ; His Maj- esty's Attorney-General, for the time being ; and His Majesty's Solicitor- General, for the time being, — shall be Governors of the said college. I III. And be it further enacted, by tJie authority aforesaid. That for j the better management and regulation of the said college, and the ^ more full and complete executing the purposes of this Act, the said j Governors, hereby appointed, shall be a body politick and corporate f in deed and name, and have succession for ever by the name of " The V Governors of King's College of Nova Scotia," and by that name shall I' sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, in all Courts and places within the Province of Nova Scotia; and they, or the major part of charter; and as an item of historical interest on the near approach of the centenary of the College. — King's College Callendar, 1889-90. By an act passed in 175S " the Sacred Rites and Ceremonies of Divine Worship, according to the liturgy of the Church established by the laws of England, shall be deemed the fixed forrii of worship within the said Province." Lands were given as glebes to the Church in each township. % Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, 23 them, shall have power to have and use a common seal, to be appointed by themselves, and to make bye laws and ordinances for the regulation and general management of the said college, and to assemble together, when and where, and as often, and upon such notice as to them shall seem meet, for the execution of the trust hereby reposed in them ; and shall also have full power and capacity to purchase, receive, take, hold, and enjoy, for the use and benefit of the said college, and the purposes of this Act, as well goods and chattels, as lands, tenements, and heredi- taments, any law or statute to the contrary thereof notwithstanding. IV. Atid be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the Governors of the said college, so appointed and incorporated by this Act, or such major part of them, at any general meeting assembled, shall from time to time, and as they shall think fit, make and establish such statutes, rules, and ordinances for the instruction, care, and govern- ment of the students, and for the care and preservation of the books, furniture, and other property belonging to the said college, as to them shall seem meet, and shall and may m like manner nominate and ap- point the President and Professors (the President always to be a clergyman of the established Church of England, duly qualified for that office) to whom the tuition of the students in the said college shall be committed ; and also to appoint such Officers and Servants from time to time, as the said Governors, or such major part of them, may think necessary, and assign to them respectively out of the said sum of four hundred and forty-four pounds, eight shillings, and ten pence half- penny, annually granted by this Act, such salaries and allowances as they shall think fit, and shall and may in like manner suspend or re- move the President, Professors, Officers, and Servants, or any or either of them, for misbehaviour or neglect of duty ; and no President, Pro- fessor, Officer, or Servant of the said college, unless in cases of sickness, shall absent themselves from their respective duties without the express leave of the Governors, or the majority of them, who are hereby au- thorized to appoint a deputy or deputies to fill the office of such Presi- dent or Professor in such cases, and to appropriate a part or the whole of the salary of the President or Professor, absent as aforesaid, for the payment of such deputy. V. Ajid be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, That besides the four hundred and forty-four pounds, eight shillings, and ten pence half-penny, hereby annually granted for the purposes of the said col- lege, it shall and may be lawful for the Governor, or Lieutenant-Gov- ernor and Commander-in-Chief, at the requisition of such major part of the Governors of the said college, to di \- by warrant from the Treas- ury of this Province a sum not exceedin five hundred pounds, to en- able them to purchase such house, lot of ground, and premises in the 24 Kings College^ Windsor ^ Nova Scotia. township of Windsor as they may chuse and think requisite and proper for the purpose of founding and establishing of such college. VI. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the said Governors to provide a person, well and sufficiently qualified, to act as a temporary President, and also a person or persons, well and sufficiently ciualified, to act as temporary Professors, who shall be im- mediately employed in the education of youth ; and the said Governors shall and may continue to apply such parts or shares of the said sum, herein before granted, for the payment and support of such temporary y establishment, until a sufficient building shall be erected, and a charter I, obtained from our Most Gracious Sovereign to authorize the opening of such college in due form. j! The first volume of the Minutes of the Governors of the 'i Academy and College at Windsor, covering a period from 1788 to 181 5, is not available. But there is accessible a document consisting of twenty folios, entitled " An Alphabetical List of the Principal Matters contained in the First Book of the Min- i utes and Proceedings of the Governors of King's College at { Windsor, Nova Scotia." I From this document and numerous letters and papers which have been preserved, much information can be gleaned in ad- ' dition to the general outline given in the excellent sketch of j' the history of the College published by Dr. Akins in 1865. It appears that the Rev. William Cochran succeeded Mr. A. P. Inglis as Principal of the Academy. He was also appointed temporary President of the College in May, 1790, taking charge of both institutions, with the Mr. John Millidge as one assist- ant during the construction of the College building. The following abstract from the biography of the Rev. W. Cochran is taken from a manuscript in the Legislative Library, written by his son. The Rev. William Cochran, D. D., some time Professor of Greek and Latin languages in Columbia College, N. Y., was bora in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1757. He entered at T. C. D. in 1776. Took his B. A. in 1780. Left Ireland and landed at Newcastle, Delaware, in Nov., 1783. Appointed Chief Assist, in the Grammar School at Philadelphia. Resigned in Jan., 1 784, and went to New York, where he opened a Grammar School. Elected Professor of Greek and Latin in Columbia College, N. Y. Being determined to take Holy Orders, and finding that ordination in the U. S. would debar him from preferment under Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 25 English authority, he resolved to apply to the Bishop of Nova Scotia for orders. He resigned his Professorship in C. C. and left New York in Oct., 1 788. He appears to have been placed in charge of the Halifax Grammar School about this time, but after ordination he was selected as temporary President of King's College, and took charge on June I, 1790. In 1802 he received the degree of Doctor in Sacred Theology from Dublin University. Died Aug. 4, 1833. Dr. Cochran's letters are voluminous, and display the rela- tion which existed between the Governors and the officers of the College during many of the first years and trials of that institution. The building of the College was commenced in 1791. In December, 1794, the Governors reported to the Duke of Portland that the College building, 201 feet long, 36 feet wide, and three stories high, was roofed in, and that it would require a further grant of ;^r,SOO to finish the building, in addition to the ;^3,ooo already given by the Imperial Government. The Governors expressed their desire " to execute a design which would be of the utmost utility to this and the adjacent British Colonies." ^ The College is built in the old-fashioned German style, with brick or stone nogging between the studs, both in the main walls and the partitions. The whole is sheathed and then clap- boarded, so that it has the appearance of being constructed wholly of wood. The number of bricks in the six chimneys amount to 74,500; and each of the chimneys has six flues corresponding to the same number of old-fashioned fireplaces' many of which are now " built up," and stoves substituted. A serious mistake was made in the construction of this build- ing, which a better knowledge of the climate of Nova Scotia would have obviated. The Governors decided upon a three- story building with a flat roof. The flat roof soon became a source of trouble and expense, which continued for many years, until it was replaced by a proper sloping roof. Attempts were 1 The College building, together with the Collegiate School, the Professors' houses, the Library, and the College Chapel, have all been erected within the boun- aaries of an estate covering sixty-nine acres, now within the limits of the town of Windsor. The sale of the land was made in 1790 to the Governors of King's Col- ege and their successors forever in special trust, "to the proper use and behoof of the said College forever, according to the true intent and meaning of these pres- ents. Mr. Lambert, of Boston, donated ;^so toward the building in 1790. ■^ i 26 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scolia. made a few years after the building was erected to cover the flat roof with sheet-iron, but this soon rusted, and matters be- came as bad as ever. Allusion is made in letters which follow to the condition of the College building. The walls are still strong and sound, and will last for another century. The floors are sagged in some places. This preliminary explanation will render unnecessary further reference to these troubles. There was no matricula before the charter in 1802, and no precise record of the names of students who entered during the first twelve years of the life of the College has been preserved. The Rt. Rev. John Inglis, who was the first to enter the Acad- emy in 1788, states in his Memoranda that about "two hun- dred persons entered the Institution before the Charter was obtained." Among these were many young men who in after-life ac- quired distinction, notably, the Third Bishop of Nova Scotia; Chief-Justice Cochran (Gibraltar) ; James Stuart, Attorney- General of Lower Canada. Among the clergy educated during the infancy of the College under Dr. Cochran's superintendence, were the Venerable George O'Kill Stuart, Archdeacon of Upper Canada ; the Rev. John Millidge, Rector of Annapolis ; the Rev. Thomas Bowlby Rowland, Rector of Shclburne; the Rev. James Bissct ; the Rev. Charles VV. Weeks ; the Rev. Benjamin G. Gray ; the Rev. Cyrus Perkins, etc. THE ROYAL CHARTER AND THE STATUTES.* Agtf Orge t^ie ^IjtrD b^ tlje 6racr of (Sou of the United Kingdom ^^ of Great Britain and Ireland King Defender of the ffaith To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting ■Whereas We have de- clared our Royal intention to establish within our Province of Nova Scotia in North America a College for the education of Youth in the Principles of true religion and for their instruction in the different branches of Science and Literature which are taught at our Universities in this Kingdom And whereas the Sum of ffour thousand Pounds granted by our Parliament in that part of our United Kingdom called Great Britain hath been applied in erecting a suitable Building within the Town of Windsor in our said Province on a piece of Land which had been purchased by means of a Grant of the General Assembly of our said Province for that purpose And whereas the said Building hath * Collated with the original, preserved in the College Library at Windsor. Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. 27 been fitted for the residence of Professors and Students and an endow- ment of ffour hundred Pounds Currency of that i'rovince (equal to Three hundred and Sixty Pounds British sterUng) Per Annum hath been granted for the support thereof by the said General Assembly And whereas humble application hath been made to us by many of our loving Subjects in our said Province that We would be pleased to grant our Royal Charter for the more perfect establishment of the said College and for incorporating the Members thereof for the purposes aforesaid and for such further endowment thereof as to us should seem meet We have taken the premises into our Royal consideration and duly weighing the great utility and importance of such an institution are willing and desirous to condescend to their request Know ye there- fore that We of our especial C.race certain knowledge and mere mo- tion Have Willed Ordained and Clranted And Do^ by these Presents for Us our Heirs and Successors Will Ordain and Grant that upon the said Land and in the building or buildings so erected or to be erected thereon at our Town of Windsor in our said Province of Nova Scotia there shall be established from this time One College the Mother of an University for the education and instruction of Youth and Students in Arts and ffaculties to continue forever and to b" called Kings Col- lege and that our tnisty and welbeloved Sir John Wentworth Baronet Lieutenant Governor of our said Province or the Governor or Lieuten- ant Governor of our said Province for the time being the Right Rev- erend ffather in God Charles Inglis Bishop of the Diocese of Nova Scotia or the Bishop of the said Diocese for the time being our trusty and welbeloved Samuel Salter Blowers Chief Justice of our said Prov- ince of Nova Scotia or the Chief Justice of our said Province for the time being Our trusty and welbeloved Alexander Croke Judge of our Court of Vice Admiralty in Nova Scotia or the Judge of our Court of Vice Admiralty in our said Province for the time being our trusty and welbeloved Richard John Uniacke Speaker of our House of Assembly and Attorney General of our said Province of Nova Scotia or the Speaker of our House of Assembly and the Attorney General for our said Prov- ince severally for the time being our trusty and welbeloved James Stew- art Solicitor General for our said Province of Nova Scotia or the Solicitor General of our said Province for the time being our trusty and welbeloved Benning Wentworth Secretary of our said Province of Nova Scotia or the Secretary of our said Province for the time being together with such other person or persons as shall be elected in manner herein- after mentioned shall be Governors of the said College and that the said College shall consist of one President three or more ffellows and Pro- 1 "Do" interlined in the original. 28 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scolia. fessors and twelve or more Scholars at such Salaries and subject to such Provisions Regulations Limitations Rules Qualifications and Restrictions as shall hereafter be ajjpointed by the Statutes Rules and Onlinances of the said College and until such Statutes Rules and Ordinances shall have been framed s\il)ject in all respects to the Orders and directions and eligible and removable at tlie pleasure of the said Ciovernors or of the major part of them And that the said (lovernors or the major part of them shall have the Power of electing the President of the said College for the time being to be a Governor of the saiil College And also of electing any other Person or Persons not exceeding three in number subject to such Regulations as shall be ajjpointed by the Statutes Rules and Ordinances of the said College to be a (lovernor or ( lovernors of the said College And We do by these Presents for us our Heirs and Successors will ordain and grant that the said Governors President and ffellows and their Successors for ever shall be one distinct and separate body Politic and Corporate in Deed and in Name by the Name and Style of "The Oovernors President and Fellows of Kings College at 'Windsor in the Province of Nova Scotia" And that by the same name they shall have perpetual succession and a Common Seal and that they and their Successors shall from time to time have full power to break alter make new or change such Common Seal at their Will and Pleasure and as shall be found expedient and that by the same name the said Governors President and ffellows and their Successors from time to time and all times hereafter shall be a Body Politic and Corpo- rate in Deed and in Law and be able and capable to have take receive purchase acquire hold possess enjoy and retain And We do hereby for Us and Heirs and- Successors give and grant full authority and free licence to them and their Successors by the name aforesaid to have take receive purchase acquire hold possess enjoy * and retain to and for the use of the said College notwithstanding any Statutes or Statute of Mortmain any Manors Rectories Advowsons Messuages Lands Tene- ments Rents and Hereditaments of what kind nature or quality (soever so as that the same do not exceed in yearly value the Sum of Six thou- sand Pounds above all charges) And Moreover to take purchase ac- quire have hold enjoy receive possess and retain notwithstanding any such Statute or Statutes to the contrary all or any Goods Chattels Char- itable and other Contributions Gifts and Benefactions whatsoever And that the said Governors President and ffellows and their Successors by the same name shall and may be able and capable in law to sue and be sued implead and be impleaded answer and be answered in all or any Court or Courts of Record or Places of Judicature within our United 1 " Enjoy " interlined in the original. V"^ Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia, 99 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland And our said Province of Nova S<:otia and other our Dominions and in all and singular Actions Causes I'leas Suits Matters and Demands whatsoever of what kind and nature or sort soever in as large ample and beneficial manner and form as any other Hody I'olitic and Corporate or any other our Liege Subjects being I'crsons able and capable in law may or can have take purchase receive hold possess enjoy retain sue implead or answer or be sued impleaded or answered in any manner whatsoever And we do by these I'resents for Us Our Heirs and Successors will ordain an1 48 Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. misfortune to the College. Apart from that general supervis- ion which the charter conferred, there was the added incon- venience and loss to the Church of there being no bishop to ordain those who had studied or were studying for the ministry in the College. During this period Dr. Porter and Dr. Cochran were often on anything but genial terms with one another. There was practically no visitor to see that the Statutes were duly enforced, no bishop to guard the interests of the Church ; and the prospects of the College and Academy gradually be- came the reverse of promising. In October, 18 16, Lord Dalhousie was sworn in Lieutenant- Governor of Nova Scotia. He took his seat as cx-officio Presi- dent of the Board of Governors of King's College, and being a man of good education, liberal views, and common-sense, he quickly turned his attention to the educational wants of the country, and speedily made himself felt. But Lord Dalhousie, although Governor of the College, does not appear to have seen the amended Statutes until after he had formed a plan for establishing a seminary in Halifax, There is a letter without date from Dr. John Inglis among the papers in the College Library, addressed to Mr. Nutting, who was appointed Secretary to the Board in October, 181 8. It contains a postscript which seems to show that Lord Dalhousie had no copy of the amended Statutes at the time it was written. This letter is valuable as showing the great interest which the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel began to take in the College. Farther on will be found a summary of the sums expended in the support of missionaries within the Diocese by the S. P. G. at this period, and the relation of the work of the College to this expenditure, and of both to the Imperial Government. Subjoined is the letter : — My Dear Sir, — There are 12 Divinity Scholarships in the Acad- emy and 1 2 at the College, each ;^30 sterling per annum. Those in the School are held four years ; those in the College seven years, of which four years must be spent in the College. The Scholars are all nominated by the Bishop, subject to the approbation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. No age is fixed for admission to thes^ Scholarships. The Candidates must be designed for Holy Or- ders, and a preference is given to the Sons of Missionaries from that Society. [ Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 49 The President continues to receive his ^50 as Chaplain. You will now have a very favourable opportunity of explaining the unfortunate mistake that Lord Dalhousie fell into very naturally, and I hope it may lead tp a complete removal of the cause. You are quite at liberty to say that if I can be useful in giving any information respecting the early history of the Institution and the Society's connection with it, I am entirely at command. Yours, (Signed) John Inglis. Surely His Excellency ought to have a copy of the Statutes with the Patron's alterations in them. The Governors of the College at this date, 18 18-19, con- sisted of the Government of the Province, together with Dr. Porter and Dr. Cochran. There was no bishop in the Diocese, and none for seven years. Therefore the status of the College at this period was altogether due to the ruling political powers, and the Church had little to do with its management. It was controlled by the Statutes as amended by the Archbishop of Canterbury, but there was no visitor to see that the Statutes were enforced, or even respected. One effect of the printing and circulating in 1821 of the amended Statutes adopted in 1807, was to increase the number of students. The average annual entries from 1790 to 1802 were " " 1802 to 1810 " " " 1810 to 1820 " " " 1820 to 1830 " 18 3-S 4.1 6.9 There were, however, still two important reasons why ^he College could not become the College of the country, lae first arose from an obnoxious Statute compelling the signing of the XXXIX. Articles by those who desired to take degrees in Arts, thus shutting out all who were not members of the Church of England from University honors. To this was added the forbidding of students to enter any other places of worship than those of the Church of England,— a regulation not considered justifiable by a large majority, in a country where three fourths of the people were opposed to the Church of England, and whose votes had given legal status to the College. ■ I I 50 Kings College, JVimlsor, Nova Scotia. ;j]] Origin OF Dalhousie College. The "Records of Council" [Dec. 11, 181 7] explain the ori- gin of Dalhousie College in the words of Lord Dalhousie : I wish again to call the attention of His Majesty's Council to the subject of the Castine duties which still lay unappropriated. ... I for- merly thought that it might be applied to the removal of King's College to a situation here more within our reach ; but I am better iyiformed no7v, and I find that if that College were in Halifax, it is open to those only who live within its walls and observe strict College rules and terms. ... It has occurred to me that the procuring a College on the same plan and principle of that of Edinburgh is an object more likely than any other I can think of to prove immediately beneficial to this young country. . . . These classes are open to all Sects of Religion, to stran- gers passing a few weeks in the town, &c., &c. This decided action on the part of Lord Dalhousie, coupled doubtless with his personal influence at the Board, led to steps being taken to remove certain stringent regulations. On May 8, 1818, the Vice-President and the Chief-Justice submitted to the Board resolutions for repealing those Statutes which required all candidates for degrees to subscribe the XXXIX. Articles of the Church of England, etc. The discus- sion resulted in the adoption of the following resolution : — That His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor (Lord Dalhousie) and the Chief-Justice be requested to transmit copies of these two resolu- tions to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Patron, and the Bishop of Nova Scotia, the Visitor of the College (then in England), accompa- nied with observations from themselves upon the expediency of repeal- ing or altering the said Statutes for the consideration of the Archbishop and the Bishop of the Diocese. And His excellency and the Chief- Justice are requested to state further for the consideration of the Patron and Visitor of the College that, in the opinion of the Board, the whole of the Statute contained in Section 4, Table 1 1, of Book 3, might be repealed, excepting such part thereof as has reference to the being present at seditious and rebellious meetings. The Statute was : — No member of the University shall frequent the Romish Mass or the Meeting Houses of Presbyterians, Baptists, or Methodists, or the Con- venticles or places of Worship of any other dissenters from the Church 1 ' 1 ^''--'" ■*■" Kings College^ Windsor, N'ova Scotia, 51 of England, or where Divine Service shall not be performed according to the Liturgy of the Church of England, or shall be present at any seditious or rebellious meetings. Bishop Stanser appears to have received his copy of the foregoing resolution of the Board some time before the Com- mittee wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, as may be gath- ered from the following letter from His Lordship to the Chief- Justice: — London, September i, i8i8. My Dkar Chief- Justice, — Although labouring under a severe and painful fit of the gout, which has taken possession of both hands and ) , knees, so that it is with difficulty I can hold my pen, I thought it a duty incumbent upon me to inform you, by this packet, that immedi- ately after receiving the copies of the resolutions, &c., &c., passed at a meeting of tlie Governors of the College held on Friday, 8 th of May last, and which were forwarded to me at Torquay, Devon, by Sir T. B. Morland, I hastened to Town in order to lay them before the Arch- bishop. Upon the perusal of which, His Grace said he should defer giving his opinion until he himself had received copies addressed to him as Patron, according to the resolution of the Governors passed on the same day, and that he would give me early notice of the receipt of them, and then inform me of his sentiments. Not hearing, however, from his Grace, I waited upon him last Wednes- day fortnight, when he told me that the documents had not arrived, and of course he could say nothing upon the subject ; and here the mat- ter at present rests, I must therefore earnestly entreat you, my dear Sir, to present my most respectful duty to the Earl of Dalhousie, and to assure his Excellency that I am anxious to co-operate in every pro- ceeding that might tend to the prosperity of the establishment. I left Torquay, upwards of 200 miles from London, for the sole purpose of laying the papers before His Grace, and I truly lament that the business is at present at a stand, owing to His Grace having received no copies addressed to him as Patron. This I hope will prove a suffi- cient apology for my silence. My opinion is that copies should be immediately transmitted to His Grace, requesting his consent and approbation, and since my physi- cians. Sir Henry Halford and Dr. Baillie, have given it as their decided opinion that I cannot leave England without imminent hazard before the spring, I shall still be on the spot to forward tlie business. I should have said much more upon this important subject had not pain, occa- sioned by the inflamation and swelling of the finger-joints, obliged me ,^i § 52 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. to bring this letter to a conclusion, by assuring you, my dear Chief- Justice, that I am, Your very grateful and faithful servant, (Signed) Robert Nova Scotia. The lion. Chief-Justice Blowers, Halifax, Nova Scotia. This melancholy letter appears to have aroused the Com- mittee to a sense of their obligations. In October the Secre- tary of the Board, James Cochran, went to England, taking with him the necessary papers for the Archbishop. On Dec. 5, 1818, he wrote to Lord Dalhousie to the effect that the packet con- taining the resolutions of the Board, with the Committee's letter to the Archbishop, had been delivered to his Grace by the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia, Sir Scrope Morland, and the Secretary himself on " Monday last; " that while the Archbishop expressed himself favorable, and quite disposed to accede to the request of the Committee, yet he felt it his duty to consult " other per- sons connected with the Church and His Majesty's Govcmmcnty The letter of the Committee with the reply of his Grace is subjoined,^ and from them may be gathered the views of the Government of the day, and the influence exercised on the ; management of the College. ! (Copy.) Ij \Nodate^ * My Lord, — Agreeably to the request of the Governors of King's \ j College, Windsor, we transmit to your Grace the enclosed minutes of \ the proceedings of the Corporation relative to such parts of the Stat- J utes of the College as require a subscription to the XXXIX. Articles i of the Church of England, to be made by candidates for Degrees, and also to the Statutes which direct the Oath of Supremacy to be taken, and inhibit the students from frequenting the Romish Mass, the Houses of Presbyterians and other Dissenters from the Church of England. | These Statutes being represented to the Governors of the College as \ \ productive of hostile opposition to the Institution, and in having pre- vented many from sending their sons to the College who would other- I wise have gladly afforded them the benefit of the instruction it furnishes, I it became a question of great importance in a country where three- i FOURTH parts of the inhabitants are Dissenters from the estabUshed ' Church, how far it might be deemed expedient to repeal or alter such of the Statutes as, in this respect, were obnoxious to so large a propor- tion of tL^ comm.unity. * These documents are now in the Library of King's College. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 53 Desirous, however, to i^roceed with caution, and to have the concur- rence of the Patron, the Visitor, and the President of the College, who was absent, before so material a change should be made, the course pointed out by the minutes was agreed to. We therefore request that your Grace will be pleased to favour us with your opinion on this important subject, that under the guidance of your Grace and the Visitor of the College we may proceed safely and beneficially to the establishment, the prosperity of which we have much at heart. We have the honour to remain with much respect, Your Grace's very faithful and obedient servant, (Signed) I J^ALHOusiE. ( b. b. Blowers. The favorable impression created by the letter of Mr. Cochran to Lord Dalhousie, describing the reception of the deputation by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the kindly words of sym- pathy and concurrence, was soon to be followed by a formal but courteously expressed refusal to comply with the solicita- tions of the Board as to the test. The Arciidishop's Letter, , , T m, Addington, January i, 1819. My Lord, — The representations which your Lordship and the Chief- Justice have been pleased to make to me as Visitor ^ of King's College, Windsor, in the Province of Nova Scotia, respecting certain Statutes by which the College is governed, are highly important and consequential. I have given them an anxious consideration. It is probably known to your Lordship and to the Chief-Justice that early after my appointment to the See of Canterbury, application was made to me by the Governors of the College, to sanction the altera- tion of a Statute that required from the Scholars at the time of their admission to College subscription to the thirty-nine Articles. The Statute undoubtedly shut the door of the College in limine against those who could not conscientiously subscribe to the Articles. To this alteration I readily acqu.'esced, and sanctioned the removal of subscription from the time of admission to the College to the time of conferring degrees, — thus opening the College for all the purposes of instruction to the youth of Nova Scotia, without religious distinction. It IS now sought to do away tlie necessity of subscription altogether, and to give degrees alike to those who submit to the thirty-nine Articles^ and to those who decline to subscribe to them. 1 Patron ; the Bishop of Nova Scotia was Visitor. ■ 1l', J':' 54 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. To this proposition I cannot consent. : I ■ The College was founded fur the purpose of educating the youth of \\ I Nova Scotia in the principles of the lOstablished Church ; and the de- i 11 gfees conferred by it must be conferred in support of such principles. If any further indulgence be necessary to those who differ from the Established Church during their residence in College, I shall be very much disposed to concur with the Governors in granting it, so far as shall be consistent with the discipline of the Institution. Your Lordship and the Chief-Justice will believe that in venturing to differ from yourselves, and from the other Governors of the College, u])on this important question, I have made a large sacrifice of my inclination to that which I conceive to be my duty. I have the honor to be with great respect and esteem, my Lord, Your Excellency's faithful h'ble servant, (Signed) C. Cantuar. The Proceedings of the S. P. G. for 1822 appear to reveal the influence which governed the Archbishop in refusing to open the College to Dissenters. The impression is conveyed that the Imperial Government exercised a power directed toward the at- tainment of very laudable results, however incompetent the means may be regarded at the present day. Among the reasons given in the records cited for the found- ing of King's College was the following surprising impression: "That in exact proportion to the influence of the established religion would be the immovable loyalty of the inhabitants of the Province." In these days, when loyalty to the throne is so widely diffused among all denominations in England and in Canada, it seems at the first blush surprising that such views could have then obtained. The details subjoined display the influence exerted on the munificence of the S. P. G. at this period. The sums expended in the suppo. : of missionaries in the Diocese of Nova Scotia by the S. P. G. in the year 1822 were as follows : — Nova Scotia $30,672 New Brunswick 18,024 Prince Edward Island 1,440 Newfoundland g 7,5 Total 158,872 Of this sum the Imperial Government contributed $30,777.00 thus giving, in a very practical form, grounds for the supposition i' Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 55 that the maintenance of the Church EstabHshment was thought to be essential toward a general feeling of loyalty to the throne.^ In addition to the large missionary expenditure in the Diocese of Nova Scotia already specified, there must be added to it the sum of $2,006.00 granted at this period by the S. P. G. toward Exhibitions in the College and Academy at Windsor. In 18 19 the amount assigned to that object was $2,942.00. The average annual grants for Exhibitions during ten years, namely, from istg to 1828, administered by the S. P. G., amounted to $3,086.00. This sum, with the stipends of the President and Vice-President as missionaries, raised the annual grant to King's College, ad- ministered by the S. P. G., to $5,246.00. The yearly Parlia- mentary grant toward the expenses of the College was ^1,000 sterling. The Provincial Government contributed ^400 stg., the total amount of income from these sources being $10,500. The annual appropriations by the S. P. G. toward the sup- port of the College and School were munificent, but it may be questioned whether they were judicious. A like sum differently distributed might have made a great difference in the College work. Apart from the fact that the College was not in touch with the country, there is much reason to suppose, as will be seen presently, that the discipline was lax. The amount of the Parliamentary grant toward the expenses of the S. P. G. in the North American colonies varied slightly each year. In 1819 it was /8,9i2, r o o or, ^42,777.00 In 1820 " 7,76? 100 or, 37,257.00 In 1823 " 9,412100 or, 45,177.00 The S. P. G. was the agent merely through which these large grants were distributed. Hence the minister of the day could always exercise a potent influence on ecclesiastical matters. The Holding of S. P. G. Missions by Professors. The inconsistencies displayed by the Board at this period, in relation to professorial duties, are surprisinrr. On Oct. 3, 1812, the Secretary was directed to write to Dr Maurice, Secretary of the S. P. G., proposl to place the mis- sion of VVmdsor in charge of the College, and stating that " the 1 See S. P. G. Report for the year 1822, page 64. 56 Kmgs College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. holding of any mission out of the town of Windsor is incon- sistent with the duties of the President and the Professors, as directed by the Statutes, and that Dr. Cochran, in serving those of Rawdon, Newport, and Fahnouth, occasions the non- observance of those regulations." At a meeting of the Governors on the 30th of December, 18 16, the Earl of Dalhousie, Lieutenant-Governor, in the chair, the Rev. Mr. Twining, head-master of the Grammar School, applied for leave to hold the mission of Newport, together with his head- mastership. This request was granted by the Board. On Feb. 20, 1 81 7, the President of the College drew attention to the effect on the interests of the Academy of the holding of the mission of Newport (8 miles from Windsor) by the head-master. A discussion ensued, the Bishop (Dr. Stanscr) favoring the hold- ing of the mission. Lord Dalhousie objecting. The permission to hold the mission was withdrawn, the majority voting with Lord Dalhousie. Notwithstanding this action of the Board, and of Dr. Porter, we find on reference to the S. P. G. Reports that Dr. Cochran, Vice-President, and a Professor in King's College, was appointed to the mission of Falmouth in 18 16, with a salary of £200 stg. per annum. Also that Dr. Porter, President of King's College, who had objected to the head-master of the Grammar School doing the same thing, was appointed in 181 8 to take charge of the mission of Newport, with a salary of ;^200 per annum. As a counterpoise, the principal of the Grammar School was per- mitted to accept of a mission, if he could get one which would not interfere with his duties at the School. Dr« Porter's salary at this period consisted of ;(^400 stg. as President, with £100 additional as Professor of Mathematics, s together with free residence in the College, the mission of New- | port at ;^200, from the S. P. G., and an allowance of ;^50 from the same Society as Chaplain to the University, being $3,600 a year in all, with free residence. This sum in those days was accounted large. s Dr. Cochran, the Vice-President, received ;^300 per annum, ^) with the fees, and an allowance of ^^30 for a house ; also the S. P. G. mission at Falmouth, with a salary of ;^200 a year. The master of the Grammar School had ;;^200 stg., with fees. The President and Vice-President were members of the Board of Governors. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 57 The additional duties imposed on the chief officers of the Colle;;e by the acceptance of missions, necessarily took them both away to distant stations every Sunday. At this time the discipline in the College began to be very lax. It was thought that much of the disorder prevailing within the College was due to the palpable neglect of that supervision which is always essential in the training of youth. The divinity and other students were absolutely without control on Sundays, the President and Vice-President being absent at their distant missions. There was no College Chapel for Sunday services. The students were expected to go to the parish church. The Minutc-Book of the Governors, and letters extant, show that order and law did not then prevail. Lord Dalhousie was quick to recognize these important defects in the management of the institution, and he displayed his views in a very marked manner as soon as the occasion offered. The following letters, which have not been published, sug- gest some of the reasons which may have led Lord Dalhousie to establish Dalhousie College : — King's Coll., Dec. 26, 18 19. Dear Sir, — Being under the necessity of attending a marriage at Newport on Tuesday next, I fear it will not be in my power, in the present state of the roads, to reach Halifax in time for the meeting on Wednesday. I will therefore trouble you to make this apology for my absence. I am, &c., Charles Porter. J. W. Nutting, Esq., Secretary. To this communication Lord Dalhousie thought proper to make the following severe reply, which displays his views on the missionary work undertaken by the President and Vice- President of the College. It will be borne in mind that at this period in the history of Nova Scotia the marriage ceremony could only be legally performed by Episcopal ministers. My Dear Sir,— The' Dr. Porter's note requires no answer, I should not be sorry that he knew my candid opinion that there is no individ- ual in this Province whose marriage ceremony ought to have interfered with an appointed meeting of the Governors for the interest of the 1 o r 58 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. College, of which Dr. P. himself is the Head, and ought to be the most warmly interested friend. I very sincerely regret that I can see no such feeling either in the President or Vice-President. Yours very truly, Dalhousie. Gov. House, 6 Jan'y, 182a Mr. Nutting. The sanction of the Imperial Government having been ob- tained to the proposal suggested by Lord Dalhousie, with re- spect to a college in Halifax, referred to on page 56, the corner- stone was laid on the parade-ground in Halifax on May 22, 1820, four months after the date of Lord Dalhousie's pithy note. It is stated by the Trustee of Dalhousie College that "his Lordship originally intended it for a Seminary only, and on the principles of the present High School in Edinburgh." The College was not opened for many years, and every effort was made before the opening to unite " King's and Dalhousie Colleges." The suggestion first came from Sir James Kempt. Progress and Work of the College. Up to this period (1820) the number of matriculated students under the charter (1802) amounted to 72 only, as opposed to about 200 between 1790 and 1802, before the charter was granted, and the excluding religious tests established by statute. The records of the number of clergymen ordained, who recog- nized King's College as their Alma Mater, is defective between the years 1790 and 18 10. As far as can be gathered from the imperfect data available, the numbers were as subjoined : — 1790-1800 7 clergymen. 1800-1810 4 1810-1820 9 Total 20 clergymen. The College building, owing to the leakage of the flat roof, was now getting ir.io a ruinous condition, and funds were re- quired for its restoration. Lord Dalhousie wrote an urgent letter to the Earl of Bathurst [Jan. 16, 1820], soliciting the atten- King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 59 tion of the Government to the matter, as well as to the necessity for an increase in the staff of professors to meet the growing requirements of the colony. In September, 1821, the Rev. John Inglis, D.D., Ecclesiasti- cal Commissary of the Diocese, was elected a member of the Board of Governors. Dr. Inglis was forthwith requested by the Board to draw up a statement of the work and needs of the College. In the out- line which he submitted, the following paragraphs occur: — It can hardly be necessary to dwell upon the importance of this In- stitution to the prosperity of the Established Church in these Colonies. This was the primary inducement to the first efforts for its establish- ment; and it now prompts the exertions that are renewed for its advancement. Of twenty-four missionaries from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, now in the Province of Nova Scotia alone, thirteen were educated at Windsor, where more than twenty candidates for employ- ment m the same service are now receiving instruction, and experience has fully shown that persons educated here are on every account the best qualified to discharge the arduous duties of Missionaries in this Country. Cause of Bishop Stanser's Retention of Office. The reason why Bishop Stanser did not resign in consequence of his infirm state of health, and why he remained so Ion- in England, remote from his Diocese, was explained by Earl Bathurst in a speech he delivered in the House of Lords on March 14, 1828. Bishop Stanser had sustained severe injuries m helping to extinguish a fire in Halifax, some time before he was consecrated. Earl Bathurst describes the consequences in the following words : — It happened that the alarm was given in the night, in the midst of a severe winter. No sooner had the Bishop obtained intelligence of it than he went immediately and lent his assistance to extinguish the flames. By so doing he became subjected to a severe illness and suf- fered much from a paralytic attack. The advice which he then received from his physicians was to come over to this country, where he could ootain better advice than could possibly be obtained in that place On reaching England his health was very much impaired ; his physi- cians administered to him such medicine as considerably improved his i l! 60 Kmg-'s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, bodily strength, but told him at the same time that if he returned to Halifax his illness would be fatal. I went myself to his physician, and learnt from him the same fact which I had alreaily been in possession of, — that if he went back to Halifax there was no chance of his life. He told me he might, by care and attention, live here some years, but it would be impossible for him to resume his functions in that coun- try with any hope of safety. It then became my duty to explain to the Bishop what I had understood ; and I therefore recommended him to resign. He replied that he had but very little private fortune, and could not give up the emoluments derivable from his ecclesiastical offices. His private fortune was not enough for him to subsist upon. Although he had provided a successor in the Colony, who could per- form all the necessary offices, with a few exceptions, — such for example, as confirmation, — still I thought it would appear unseemly for him to retain the bishopric, and I thought it was necessary he should resign. Finding that his private fortune was so small, I recommended him to the Governors of Nova Scotia and of New Brunswick, the former of whom allowed him ;^35o, and the latter ^250 per annum ; and on my recommendation, the Society for che Propagation of the Gospel allowed him ;^20o more. I do not think that was an extravagant sum. What could I do, my Lords? I had no power to require his resigna- tion, no authority to demand it. If I had had authority, I should never have enforced it. [Cheers.] Could I have said to him, my Lords, go back to Halifax and die, or stay in this country and starve? [Loud Cheers.] If there be blame for having acted thus, I alone am responsible; the Society are exonerated. All this is well enough as far as Earl Bathurst and Bishop Stanser are concerned, but in a sketch of the history of King's College, the effect of want of Episcopal supervision and author- ity, coupled with the absence of ordinations in the Province for seven years, have to be weighed. Dr. Stanser resigned the Bishopric in 1824, and died in Lon- don in 1829. First Attempt to Remove King's College to Halifax. During Bishop Stanser's residence in England efforts were made in Nova Scotia to remove King's College to Halifax and unite it with Dalhousie, not yet in operation. Considerable progress was made in the arrangements until they reached the stage requiring the assent of the Archbi.shop of Canterbury. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, 6i This assent was refused, being grounded on the same potent objection urged by Chief-Justice Blowers; namely, that it ap- proached too near a BREACH OF Trust to be entertained. The reasons which led to this proposal require to be ex- plained. They show the views entertained at that period of the existing condition and future prospects of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. On Sept. 22, 1823, the subject of a union between King's and Dalhousie Colleges came formally before the Board. It was then resolved that the Rev. Dr. Inglis, the Ecclesiastical Commissary, and Dr. Porter, the President, should be a com- mittee to meet a committee of Dalhousie College, consisting of the Speaker of the House of Assembly and the Hon. M. Wal- lace, Treasurer of the Province, The Committee was instructed " to consult upon the most proper means for effecting the Union of the two Colleges, report to the Board their joint proceedings, with a sketch of the principal regulations and alterations of the Statutes proposed to be adopted." The Committee reported on Jan. 3, 1824, in detail, adding certain observations to their report. Among these observations are those subjoined, which reveal the views then entertained of the future of the maritime Provinces, and the special object of King's College. Abstract of Observations Accompanying the Report. 1. Especial provision for the sound instruction of the members of the Established Church, and particularly of those who are intended for Holy Orders in that Church, is considered the primary object of King's College. 2. Provision for the complete literary instruction of all who dissent from the Established Church, without control, as to their peculiar views on religious subjects ; permission to reside with their parents, or the friends of their parents; and opening the Public Lectures to all who may wish to attend all or any of them, — are considered the primary OBJECTS OF Dalhousie College. 3. It is also considered that several sacrifices will be necessary for both, but an ample retum will be obtained by putting an end at once to all rivalry ; the tendency of which would inevitably be to keep both in poverty and insignificance, because it must be evident that one Col- lege will be ample for the literary wants of Nova Scotia, and perhaps of the adjoining Provinces for Several Centuries ; and it is equally .*. 62 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. evident that it is scarcely possible to obtain funds that are essential to the competent and liberal support of one College.* On Jan. 7, 1824, Dr. Cochran and Chief-Justice Blowers put in written protests against the removal of King's College from Windsor. The Chief-Justice's protest was very formidable. It commenced with the words, — I think the objections to the removal of the University from Wind- sor to Halifax, and its proposed union with Dalhousie College, in- superable. Among the Chief-Justice's objections are these : — 1 . Because the Royal Charter is predicated on the Establishment of the University at Windsor, etc. 2. Because it appears to me that any attempt or the manifestation of a wish on the part of the Trustees to disturb the Institution, or to shake the foundation of the Establishment they are appointed to pro- mote AND PROTECT, are too nearly allied to a breach of Trust to be adopted. I'here are fourteen objections in all recorded on the Minutes of the Board of Governors. The first, as given above, would have involved the abandonment of the Royal Charter in its ex- isting form. The second pointed out that the Governors were put in their places to "protect" and "promote" the " Trust " committed to their charge, not to " disturb " or destroy it. The fourteenth objection repeats the difficulty patent to all : 14. Because, to sum up the objections, it is proposed to effect an Union by means approaching to a Breach of Trust, in which a present and acknowledged good is to be sacrificed for uncertain and future advantage. (Signed) S. S. Blowers. Halifax, January, 1824. At this day we are able to estimate the value of Chief-Justice Blowers's earnest protest. At the close of a century's work, harassed by repeated difficulties and obstacles, King's College has given upward of two hundred ministers to the service of the Church, and instead of being a worn-out wreck, dependent on the patronage of Governors of the Province and the exigen- cies of statesmen, she stands now absolutely untrammelled, and by the sole aid of the members of the communion she serves, 1 Minutes of the Board of Governors, vol. ii., 1815 to 1835. i Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 63 continues steadfast in her missionary work. More than eight hundred sons of the soil, Hving or dead, have been trained with- in her walls ; and on the sympathies of those who are still with us, she relies in undeviating trust. What King's College might have been, if united to Dalhousie and removed to Halifax, can scarcely be conjectured now The history which remains to be narrated may assist those who are disposed to indulge in speculative predictions. It will be well to let Bishop John Inglis describe the termina- tion of this first effort to remove King's College from Windsor: The plan was resisted by some of the Governors of King's College • and a very able protest against it was entered on their Minutes. The Alumni were greatly opposed to it; and the Patron could not consent, because it would require a violation of the Charter. It was therefore silently abandoned; but the necessity for increased exertion on behalf of Kmg 3 College became every day more urgent. Henry Youle Hind. 1^ ' mnq!^ College, QBintJisoi^ JJota ^cotfa^ SECOND PERIOD. FROM THE FAILURE OF THE FHiST TO THE CLOSE OF THE SECOND ATTEMPT TO REMOVE THE COLLEGE TO HALIFAX, 1824 TO 1836. DR JOHN INGLTS was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia and its dependencies on Palm Sunday, March 27. 1825. His Lordship arrived at HaUfax, N. S., on Noven^ber 19 of the same year, n H. M. ship " Tweed." He landed on the 20th, under 'a salute of cannon and ringing of bells. On December II, he was sworn in as a member of H. M. Council, and took his seat next after the President.^ The revenue of the See of Nova Scotia at this period con- sisted of i;2,ooo sterling, paid by the Imperial Government from a Parliamentary grant, to be continued during the lifetime of Bishop John Inglis; together with ^oo sterling from the American Bishops' Fund, administered by the S. P. G., and the rental of a farm near Windsor, purchased for the See by the 'That* this grant of ;^2,ooo sterling a year toward the revenues of Bishop Inglis was contingent, appears from a despatch from Lord Goderich to Sir P. Maitland, dated March 29, 1832.2 Refer- ring to certain " Deanery Lands " in Nova Scotia, his Lordship sard's " I am much gratified at the manner in which you express yourself in regard to the important object of endeavoring to render those lands available in due time to the support of the Bishop of Nova Scotia. . . . Since my despatch of July 29, 18^1 was written, we have determined to continue to submit to Parliament, during the life of the present Bishop, an annual vote for £- 000 on account of his salary ; and although it is obviously impossible for me to answer for the result of that proposition. I will not willingly anticipate its rejection." This contingency in respect to the «' salary" of Bishop Inglis must have been known to his Lordship in 1832. Many men 1 Murdoch's //isfory of Nova Scotia. 2 This despatch is in the archives of Nova Scotia. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 65 would have been influenced in their actions by the tenor of Lord Goderich's despatch to Sir P. Maitland, the cx-officio Chairman of the Board of Governors of King's College. But in the pro- ceedings for the virtual annihilation of King's College, which will soon be narrated, the possible loss of his " salary'" docs not appear to have influenced the Bishop in his endeavors to uphold the institution he was charged to protect and nurture. As this brief narrative proceeds, his character will glow with a light hitherto obscured. Immediately after his consecration the Bishop visited Cam- bridge and devoted a large share of his attention to the interests of the Colonial University his father had been instrumental in founding. He communicated with Mr. VVhewell, subsequently the well-known " Master of Trinity," respecting the selection of a competent graduate to fill the chair of Mathematics and Nat- ural Philosophy. He also entered into arrangements with the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge with rcf^ard to a grant of ;^50O sterling. From the S. P. C. K. he received the following resolution, which it is proper to introduce, in order to explain the apparent arbitrary action of the Bishop in practi- cally putting on one side the authority of the President of the College.^ Society for Promotinc; Christian Knowledge At a Gcnerat Mectins, ~ "^"""'^ '""^ ''""^' ^"'^ '' ''''■ The secretaries reported that the Standing Committee, having taken into consideration the reference made to them by the Society respecting the best method of applying the sum of money voted for the use of .King's College, Nova Scotia, had adopted the following resolution • — That the sum to be granted to King's College be ^500, and that it be employed in providing for two or more Tutors whose especial busi- ness it shall be to superintend the morals and religious instruction of the Divinity students, under the direction of the Lord Bishop of the Diocese. Agreed to concur in this resolution. Arch. Campbell, Sccntary. ^ Although this arrangement might be considered as infring- ing the privileges of the President as defined by the statutes for the President was also Professor of Divinity, yet it must 1 Documents in the Library of King's College. 66 King's College, Windsor. Nova Scotia. have appeared necessary to the Bishop on account of the mis. sionary duties undertaken by the President and Vice-President, coupled with the well-known want of discipline in the College, so amply illustrated by documents now deposited in the Col- lege Library. Various circumstances were favorable for this temporary but necessary innovation. Neither Dr. Porter nor Dr. Cochran could object, for they were both infringing the Statutes by undertaking the duties of salaried missionaries of the S. P. G., which prevented them from exercising proper oversight within the limits of the College. There was no Dr. Croke, eager to assert the privileges of the Board of Governors, and refuse to accept conditional aid, which practically introduced an outside body as a factor in the management of the College. The pro- test of Chief-Justice Blowers, combined with the refusal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, had silenced for the present all attempts to move the College to Halifax. But perhaps more potent than all was the success of Bishop Inglis in securing funds in England to place the College in an independent posi- tion. So long as the Board of Governors recognized the liber- ality of the S. P. G., the S. P. C. K., and numerous benefactors, without disputing the attached conditions, the University would enjoy for a term of years pecuniary resources sufficient for the requirements of the College. With the new professor named by Mr. Whewell, the bishop sent the following letter to the Secre- tary, pointing to the residence in College of the new professor and the new tutor, as details of paramount importance. 200 Piccadilly, July 28, 1825. Mv DEAR Sir, — This letter will be handed to you by Mr. Pierce Morton, who has been most strongly recommended as a fit person to fill the office of Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at King's College. I have not failed to acquaint Mr. Morton that he may not be eligible to the office until he has taken the Master's degree, but have encouraged him to hope for an acting appointment from the Governors, which I hope they will have no difficulty in granting. I have also ventured to engage to Mr. Morton a salary of £,d,oo per annum from July i, 1825, payable from funds which I have collected here, without any interfer- ence with the funds now in the hands of the Governors and already appropriated. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, 67 r have to request that you will present Mr. Morton to the Governors, the President, and Vice-President, and I hope the Governors may be pleased to direct that a set of rooms may be fitted up at their expense for Mr. Morton, and another for the Tutor, if, as I hope, he should now sail for Halifax, even if it should be necessary to displace two of the elder undergraduates, who may be otherwise lodged, in or out of the College as the necessity may be, — for I have no doubt they will consider the residence of the Professor and Tutor of paramount importance. I remain, my dear Sir, Your faithful servant, T.„„, ^ ^ (Signed) John Nova Scotia. James Cochran, Esq. P. S. I hope the Governors will approve of my having forwarded an ample supply of books and instruments for Mr. Morton's various lectures, the expenses of which will be defrayed from the funds I have lately collected. Be so good as to introduce Mr. Morton to Arch- deacon Willis. It now remains to describe the results of Dr. Inglis's efforts in England, in favor of the College, prior and subsequent to his consecration. Benefactors of the College in England. ^ Dr. Inglis sailed for England in the spring of 1824, commis- sioned by the Governors to solicit contributions in aid of King's College. A paper was prepared by the Rev. C. Benson, out- lining the objects and needs of the College, and soliciting subscriptions. This paper was printed and widely circulated. The special points it advanced are embodied in the subjoined paragraphs. Without any imputation of improper hostility to other forms of doctrine and Church government, it may be fairly stated to those who love their own holy faith and discipline, that if the College at Windsor be not supported by the pious and benevolent, an attachment to the principles of the Church of England and of our happy Constitution must, in Nova Scotia, decline. There are other establishments rising up, which are not conducted upon the same principles, and from them even the children of the members of the Church of England must, if this University fall, be compelled to derive their education. Or if they do not resort to Dissenting establishments of Nova Scotia, they must u Ji" i ' [ ii \ I 68 Ktn/s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. gather their knowledge and form their sentiments in the Republican Col- leges of the United States of America. Thus nurtured and instructed, it is natural to conceive that they will imbibe opinions which are anythmg but favorable to the religious and political institutions of lOngland. It is impossible to blame others who conscientiously endeavor to propagate their own views of the Gosi)el and Clovernment, even where they differ from our own ; but surely if we have any reverence for our own or any real belief in their truth and excellence, we must conscien- tiously contribute to prevent the utter ruin of an University which is their principal support in a very important Province of the empire We shall do our utmost to provide a sound Episcopal branch of the Church of Christ in America, with the means of educating for itself, what it so greatly wants, a succession of sound Episcopal ministers. The contributions received were as subjoined : — S. P. G., ^500 sterling for general purposes; this grant was continued for twenty years, or until 1846. S. P. C. K., ;^500 sterling for special purposes, as stated in the resolution already quoted, for one year. Private Contributions, ^2,823 sterling, together with donations of books to the Library. The funds of the College in 1826 amounted to: — Invested in England .^4,123 " i stg. Invested in Nova Scotia ''239 '3 10 cy. The income this year was as follows: — From the S. P. G £S°° stg. " " S. P. C. K SCO " one year. " " Imperial Government 1,000 " " Provincial Government 4°° / 2,400 " Interest on Investments in England and Nova Scotia . 200 " Total income ^2,600 Exhibitions granted by the S. P. G. to the College and Col- legiate School, including ;^50 to the Chaplain of the University, averaging for ten years, £600 sterling. Foundation scholar- ships, four in number, ;^20 each, ^80. Mr. Pierce Morton of Trinity College, Cant., was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, also Fellow of King's College. The Rev. W. B. King, B. A., of King's College, was appointed tutor, and a Fellow of the College. !i King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 69 Professor Morton's stay in tlic country was of short duration He left the Province suddenly in April, 1826; and Mr John Stevenson, assistant in the Academy, was temporarily appointed to take his place at a salary of ^200 per annum. Professor Morton subsequently presented a valuable collection of scientific instruments and books to the Colle{,^e. In 1827, the sum of ;6899was expended in putting the College building in thorou-di repair, together with ^125 on the Academy for a similar purpose. Abrogation of Obnoxious Statutes. In January, 1827, the Visitor called the attention of the Board to the necessity for renewed attempts to abrogate certain obnox- ious statutes which interfered with the usefulness of the Collecrc and did not add to the security of the Church in Nova Scotia.' Ihe iioard were unanimous in concurring with the representa- tions of the Visitor, and forthwith appointed a Committee to report on the matter to the Board. In February the Committee reported. The Report was accepted, and the Visitor was requested to transmit the Resolu- tions of the Board, with a copy of the Amended Statutes, to the latron, with an earnest solicitation that his Grace would be pleased to assent to the same. At the meeting of the Board in October, "the Visitor stated to the Board that in compliance with their directions he had transmitted to the Archbishop of Canterbury (Dr. Charles Manners Sutton) the several alterations of the Statutes, which, his Lordship stated, had been received bv his Grace. "^^ " The Board directed the Standing Committee to adopt the most effectual means for giving publicity to the said several alterations." Further alterations suggested by the Visitor in December, 1828, opened the Arts Department to students of all denominations, and did away with all subscriptions to •• tests " for degrees or honors to students in Arts. The Visitor and the Chief-Justice were appointed a Com- mittee " to communicate the additional alteration in the Statutes to his Grace the Patron (Dr. William Howley), and to solicit his Grace s approbation thereof" It was intimated to the Board that the Archbishop would con- sent to all the alterations except the clause which exempted the Professors and P'ellows from subscriptions to the XXXIX. Articles. The Bishop was requested to write to the agent of the It r '\i 70 Kind's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, Board in London, to the effect that this chuisc would be with- drawn from the consideration of his Grace. Subjoined is the correspondence. Letter from the Bishop. Halifax, Oct. 19, 1829. My dear Sir, — At a meeting that was lately held by the Governors of King's College, it was unanimously resolved that the alteration of the College Statute respecting Professors and Fellows, — Book I., Tide 7, Section 5, — which alteration made it unnecessary for a person elected to a professorship to subscribe the XXXIX. Articles, should be wholly annulled and withdrawn from the consideration of his Grace the Patron. The original Statute will therefore remain exactly as it was, and as Professors and Fellows are used nearly as synonymous terms in this and in other Statutes, subscription will be required from both. You are therefore, with his Grace's permission, to withdraw the alter- ation from the further consideration of the Patron. A more formal authority will be sent probably to you, but I apprehend this letter will be a sufficient warrant for your acting immediately. You will also be so good as to present the dutiful acknowledgments of the Governors for the kind attention his Grace the Patron has been pleased to give to the Statutes which have been transmitted for his Grace's consideration. I remain, my dear Sir, Your faithful servant, (Signed) John Nova Scotia, Visitor. James Cochran, Esq. Letter from Mr. Joshua Watson. Mv DEAR Sir, — The Archbishop has done all I believe that was wished. A formal consent perhaps was not necessary ; and he might perhaps have awaited the arrival of the more perfect document promised ; but to mark his desire to meet most entirely the Bishop's views as represented from you, his Grace has by his signature immediately expressed his approval, so as at once to validate the Statute, instead of leaving the confirmation to be inferred from his silence, or effected only by efflux of time. The Archbishop has retained one copy of the papers,* and the rest are now returned by Yours, dear Sir, very truly, (Signed) Joshua Watson. James Cochran, Esq. Tuesday, June 22, 1830. 1 Copies of the letters are in the Library of King's College, together with a document containing the alteration of the Statutes submitted to the Archbishop, and bearing the signature : Approved. W. Cantuar. . 1 Kings C allege t Winisor, Nova Scotia. 71 I rest vith a ip, and All the objections urged by Dissenters were now ofTicially removed from the Statutes of the Colle^'e except those whicli recjuired the professors and the President to be members of the Church of England. With the regulations connected with the Divinity students and degrees in Divinity, no objections could rest on a substantial foundation, because it was generally ad- mitted that the College was established for the primary object of educating clergymen for missionary work in the North Ameri- can Colonies in connection with the Church of England. The removal of all tests on admission, and all tests on the taking degrees in Arts, opened the College to Dissenters of all denominations, with freedom to attend their own places of worship, subject only to the consent of the President, who would be guided by the wishes of parents or guardians. But the question of discipline remained. Efforts to restore Discipline. After the exertions made by Bishop Inglis to secure suitable supervision over the students in residence, and particularly the Divinity students, by the appointment of a resident professor and a resident tutor to look after " the morals and the religious instruction of the Divinity students," it was to be expected that discipline would have become a marked feature in the life of the College. It happened, however, that the contrary result took place. The students banded themselves together under solemn obligations not in any case to answer inquiries respecting out- rages committed by any of their body. There were twenty- four students in residence at this period ; and from 1826 to 1829, when the steps about to be recorded took place, the life of Dr. Porter was made almost unbearable, the reputation of the College became clouded, and it was feared that some of the young men were drifting rapidly down stream. On July 22, 1829, the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, as President of the I^oard, called a meeting of Governors to hear a letter from the Visitor concerning certain " flagrant offences " that had been committed, beyond reasonable doubt by some of the students. The letter recounted the result of an inquiry his Lordship had been called upon to make. In this communication the Visitor stated that all the students " seem to have been long impressed with a notion that by banding together, and refusing to give 72 Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. : ( Information that might fix the offence, by something hkc legal proof, upon the real offender, any act, however atrocious, may be perpetrated with impunity. " The Visitor further stated: "I hope your Excellency and the other Governors of the College will agree with me in the opinion that it is more important to destroy this delusion than to ascertain the persons who are guilty of the offences recently committed. ... It seems equally desirable that this first attempt to put an end to a most mischievous delusion, from which the College and its discipline have received very '" jrious injury during many years, should have all the weight it would carry with it as the act of the full Board of Governors." From the statements on record it appears that some of the outrages " were only links in a series of disorderly and revengeful acts, originating in the displeasure of the students, conceived against the officers of the College in consequencg of their having been obliged to inflict punishment in support of the statutes which had been flagrantly violated." The Bishop did not fail to point out the weakness of the delusion which guided a body of young men — each of whom, on matriculation, had signed an oath or declaration that he would obey the Statutes — in subsequently considering them- selves at liberty to break the oath or declaration. Dr. Cochran was an old man ; in the exercise of his duty, he had reported midnight visits to public-houses in Windsor, with the usual results. In revenge, this old man was harassed inces- santly, and at length his lecture-room furniture was dest. "d. Dr. Porter had long suffered almost intolerable annoyances. The only excuse the offending body of students could offer for their long silence, when inquiries were instituted, was that they " were called upon by the Governors to do what, in the opinion of the students, would be ungentlem; nly." The Visitor, in his letter to the President, ordering the con- finement of the students within bounds until tb ~ matter was cleared up, used arguments which might have touched the most thoufxhtless and heartless. In th^ first place, he said, I wish to assure the;-n of the deep affliction which the late transactions at the College have brought upon me and, doubtle"s, up&n evei friend of the institution. They will surely believe that it must be a mortifying consideration to those friends, Kings College, II tndsor, Nova Scolia. 73 that while continuing their earnest exertions to uphold and support the College, m the midst of many difficulties that are increasing from the rise of rival institutions, the very i)ersons for whom the benefit of our efforts is intended, are doing their utmost to make those efforts unsuccessful, and as far as they have power, to destroy the College by their shameful conduct, which has already caused reproach far and near, in this and in the neighboring colonies. The system of terrorism was effectually checked by the meas- ures firmly taken by the Visitor. The students were confined within College bounds, on pain of expulsion, until such of them as dad not take part in certain outrages specified, or have any knowledge of the same, had signed a declaration to that effect Eighteen of the resident students, af-r considerable delay' signed the document. These were immediately released The result of further inquiries led to the following sentence being adopted by the Board: one student was expelled- four were deprived of " the last four terms and banished for the next four terms." The sixth had stated upon his honor that, although declining to sign the paper with the eighteen before- mentioned, • he had himself taken no part whatever in the late offences, either in the preparation for them, or in the execu- tion of them." He was thereupon released from confinement In later years this most pernicious system of banding together to conceal the perpetrators of delinquencies injurious to the standing and dignity of the institution, was revived Being largely a theological college, the effect on the interests of the University was most prejudicial. It served many as a lever by which they sought-to uproot an educational establish- ment which apparently did not possess within itself the power to arrest flagrant courses in College life, or to remove a most humiliating reproach to the Church, of which the Colletre claimed to be the handmaid. The BegiNxNin^ of the Second Attempt to Remove King's College to Halifax. At the time when th^ correspondence between the Board and the Archbishop of Canterbury, respecting the abrogation of certain statutes, was taking plare, there was written, in London an ominous despatch, the beginning of a series m IT m \ 74 Ktn/s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. This was a period of reform in England. In 1828 Lord Tohn Russel carried the "Test Acts Inquiry Committee." which led to their repeal. In 1831 the "Reform Bill" came before the public ' The " Irish Church Question " was initiated, and "Municipal Reform" as to tithes in England and Ireland drew men's attention to Parliamentary grants for special educational or religious purposes. The troubles in Canada, which culmi- nated in the " Rebellion of 1837," were gathering and growing. All of these home questions caused men to disbelieve m the theory that " CHURCH and State " were essential for human progress, and that the measure of loyalty to the throne would be in exact proportion to the influence of the established religion. , . „ Hence the political reasons which led to the following sus- tained series of despatches from successive Secretaries of State to the Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia, with respect to King's College, and the Parliamentary grants to the S. P. G. for missionary purposes. The Despatches. No. I. Despatch from Sir George Murray, Secretary of State, to the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, dated Aug. 31, 1829. The despatch contained instructions to renew the attempts which had been fruf .rated a few years before, to remove the College to Halifax. . - No. II. This despatch was dated July 31. 1831 ; it was from Lord Goderich, announcing the probable reduction of the vote in Parliament for King's College, and instructing Sir P. Mait- land to consult with his Council respecting the propriety of moving the collegiate establishment at Wind-or to occupy the building called Dalhousie College, at Halifax. Both of these despatches were communicated to the Board on Dec. 7, 1831. , , T No III. A third despatch to the same purport, dated Jan. 30, 1832,' was addressed by Lord Goderich to the Lieutenant- Governor. 1 T • No. IV. On Aug. 2, 1S32, Lord Goderich wrote to the Lieu- tenant-Governor on the same subject, announcing that ^1,000 would be granted to King's College for 1833. ^500 for 1834. and then the annual Parliamentary grant would cease. i i I 1 I. I Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 75 No. V. In November, 1833, Lord Stanley followed suit on the same subject. No. VI. On April 30, 1835, Lord Glenelg brought matters to a crisis by instructing the Lieutenant-Governor " to convey to the Governors of King's College the earnest recommendation of his Majesty that they should surrender the charter which they at present hold." This was serious. It aimed at the root of things. The Board quickly " reported " on the matter. No. VII. On Aug. 20, 1835, a despatch from Lord Glenelg was received by Lieutenant-Governor Sir Colin Campbell, refer- ring to a letter written by Bishop Inglis and expressing the hope that the Report of the Committee appointed by the Governors of King's College would soon be transmitted. This despatch seemed to show that Lord Glenelg was very much in earnest. No. VIII. Lord Glenelg to Sir Colin Campbell, dated " Down- ing Street, Nov. 4, 1836," commenting on the "Report of the Governors of King's College," and the address of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia on the whole matter. The address of the Legislative Council contained the following statements, which must have surprised his Majesty's Secretary of State : — It was evidently supposed by his Majesty's Secretary of State that the union of the Colleges had been the subject of much controversy in the Province, and earnestly desired by the Legislature, and by a large portion of the people of Nova Scotia ; and that the surrender of the charter of King's College was equally desired as the first necessary steps for the accomplishment of the union. The Council beg to assure your Excellency that such surrender was never spoken of, or, as far as they know, ever thought of until suggested by the above despatch. The union of the two Colleges, though brought to the notice of the House of Assembly in 1 830 by Sir Peregrine Maitland, was never made the subject of full consideration in that House or in the Council until the present session ; and any controversy respecting it is totally unknown in Nova Scotia. The declaration from " his Majesty's Council in Nova Scotia" was in open and pronounced opposition to the conclusion advanced respecting the feelings of the public in Nova Scotia concerning King's College and its union with Dalhousie, i W it I I 76 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. presented in the several despatches of successive Secretaries of State, and persistently urged from year to year. Nearly all of these papers have been printed in the Appen- dixes to the Proceedings of the Mouse of Assembly for the period to which they relate. There is one, however, which has never been permitted to see the light. The replies of the Board of Governors are lengthy and exhaustive. The aggregate would fill a small octavo volume. It must suffice to say that a majority of the Governors respectfully declined to surrender their charter,^ and that his Majesty's ministers had to find their way out of a very disagreeable position, into which they had placed themselves by assuming a too high-handed and dictatorial attempt to dispose of matters over which they had practically no control; for after the withdrawal of the Parliamentary grant of ;^i,ooo a year from the University, and the annual grant to the S. P. G., out of which the scholarships to the College and exhibitions to the Academy, twenty-four in number, had been paid, the Governors evidently felt that her Majesty's ministers had themselves virtually severed their connection with King's College. ifi II * 'i 1 ', i! The Rights of the Archbishop of Canterbury. When matters had reached this stage, and the Governors were pressed to surrender the charter of the institution they were appointed to nurture and maintain, it was time to act defensively and fall back on their reserves. 1 In answer to the recommendation that t.ie Governors should surrender their charter, it was stated in reply : — "To a recommendation so directly and strongly urged, the Governors would necessarily be prompt to yield a ready obedience, if the measure were in point of fact practicable, or could be thought compatible with their duties as trustees of a public charity. " They act as Governors merely in consequence of the official appointments they hold; their resignation, unless strictly legal, would not bind their successors, nor affect the Corporation ; and as the Corporation, even if the charter were resigned, would continue to exist under the Provincial Statute, it is humbly conceived that by an Act of the Legislature alone can they be empowered to relinquish their office as Governors, or to dissolve the Corporation t/iey were appointed to maintain^ No allusion was made in the Governors' re])ly to Lord Glenclg's demand that the sanction of the Archbishop of Canterbury would be required to enable them to surrender the charter. This was held in reserve. The matter excited considerable and prolonged discussion. The Board was not unanimous, but the majority carried the day. lilk.! ; i. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 77 As long as the charter remained in their possession and they stood by it manfully, it sealed the connection of the College with the Church of England in England, through the Archbishop of Canterbury, — the Patron; and without the consent of his Grace, the College could not be touched, neither could its re- lationship be altered, nor its independence successfully assailed. It was, and is, a royal charter, creating an University and College. It duly appoints the Archbishop of Canterbury Patron of the same University and College, with power to negative statutes. The Archbishop of Canterbury must therefore be consulted in matters affecting the existence of institutions nitimately connected with the Church over which he exercises, by virtue of the charter, a certain control. These views were delicately and with becoming moderation urged by Bishop Inglis. The effect was to modify the tone of Lord Glenelg's /r/W/^ despatch to the Lieutenant-Governor amazingly, and to warn his Excellency against any infringe- ment of the rights of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Little^'of this matter is known to living individuals. The despatch was a private one, but it has been preserved. It will shortly be presented. Lord Glenelg's next communications to the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor were of a threefold character, all bearing the same date ; namely, Nov. 4, 1836. One was very voluminous, occupying thirty folio pages concerning King's College; another very important, marked private, and relating to the rights of the Archbishop of Canterbury; the third touching Dr. Porter. The cause of Lord Glenelg's sudden abandonment of his position and his long-continued effort is to be traced to a printed statement, published by Bishop Inglis on Feb. 26, 1836, in which statement his Lordship makes the following bold avowal with regard to the "command" to surrender the charter : — It must be obvious, also, that no measure of such importance ought to be attempted, imthoi/f a reference to the Patron, who has the power of a negative upon every statute or by-law of the College, and ought certainly to be consulted m. a matter affecting its existence. ^ That Lord Glenelg immediately took the hint given is evident from the following despatch : — 1 Published in the Report of the S. P. G.for 1S37, p. 31. L I ■ tn . i 78 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, A\ w . 1 ill II ,1 77/^ Secretary of State to Major- General Sir Colin Campl/ell. Private. DOWNING Street, Nov. 4, 1836. Sir, — You will receive by this opportunity a despatch in which I have entered at full length into a review of the question relative to the union of King's and Dalhousie Colleges. Before transmitting that communication to you, I felt anxious to obtain the opinion of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury on the subject. I accordingly submitted to his Grace a general statement of the question and the draft of my despatch to you, with a request that he would furnish me with his observations on them. I enclose for your information a copy of the letter in which the Archbishop declines to give an opinion on the matter without a formal application for his advice from the Governors of King's College. Such an application will of course be made by the Governors in case they incline to adopt the views which have been taken by my predecessors and myself with regard to the union of the Colleges ; but at all events it will be your duty to see that in any measures which may be taken on the subject, due regard be had to the rights which his Grace may possess as Patron of the College} I have the honor to be. Sir, etc., etc., (Signed) Glenelg. MajorGeneral Sir Colin Campbell, etc., etc. The reply of the Archbishop is embodied in the subjoined letter to the Bishop of Nova Scotia. The Archbishop of Canterbury to the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia. Lambeth, Dec. 27, 1836. My dear Lord, — I have to acknowledge your Lordship's letter of the 14th of November last, in which you apprise me as Patron of King's College at Windsor in Nova Scotia, of ' an alteration in one of the Statutes of that University, which alteration is subject to the disapproval of the Patron.' Your Lordship informs me that the ' words of Sec. 3, in Title 6 of Book L of the Statutes, have hitherto been as follows : No person shall be elected or appointed President who shall not be in full orders of the Church of England, and have taken the degree of Master of Arts, or Bachelor of Civil Law, in a regular manner in the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge or Dublin, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.' 1 The original of this despatch is in the archives of Nova Scotia. It is marked " Private." It is one of several unpublished documents which cause the true history of King's College to vary from received versions. m Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 79 Your Lordship proceeds to state that the alteration made by the Governors of the College unanimously on the 9th of November 18,6 consists m the addition of the following words at the end of the section • ' Or m the University or College at Windsor in Nova Scotia ' I have great satisfaction in expressing my approbation of this altera- tion, and I congratulate the Governors on their having found among the mdividuals educated at Windsor a man of Dr. McCawley's learning and talents who is willing to undertake this important charge Some weeks ago I received from Lord Glenelg a report in which it was stated that King's College, Windsor, was reduced to the lowest ebb and had scarcely any students, together with a copy of a despatch which I think had been sent at the time, and which you have of course seen ... My answer was as follows : — (enclosure.) ■Kir., T ^^ T 1 , October lo, i8-j6. _ MY LORD, — I have to acknowledge your Lordship's obliging attention m sending me the statement of the case of King's College, Nova Scotia and a draft of the despatch to the Government of the Province on the subject, and requesting my observations upon them. I have read these documents with attention and now return them I deeply regret the decline of an institution which some years ago afforded a good education to the sons of the principal families in the Colonies, and prepared many young men for the Church ; and I see but too clearly the disinclination of the Colonial Legislature to furnish the means of enabling it to exercise its functions with effect But considering the peculiar relation in which I stand to the College I do not feel myself competent to give an opinion on a matter which affects Its very existence, without a formal application from the Governors for my advice and a statement of their views. I remain, etc. Since these communications took place I have received from your Lordship a much more favorable view of the state and prospects of the College, and a suggestion that the interests of the Church would be greatly advanced if the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge could provide for the Divinity scholarships, which are now discontinued for want of funds.* 1 The scholarships had been sustained by the liberality of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, but were discontinued in 1834, when the Parliamentary grant was withdrawn. The scholarships were renewed by the b. 1 .G. in iS4t and continued until 1871, when the annual grant to King's Collece was reduced from ^300 sterling to ;^2oo sterling per annum. In 1886 the grant for scholarships was wholly discontinued by the S. P. G. , hi u .'I 'R 'J I i; ' r : ^ .ill at if I I 80 King's College, Windsor^ Nova Scotia, I agree with you in thinking the restoration of these scholarships very desirable. Whether the Society would or could adopt the proposal I cannot say. 15ut after having seen the statement which was sent me from the Colonial Office, I could not venture to propose such a measure unless I was able to produce an authentic document from the Governors, or at least from your Lordship, to show that there was a reasonable hope of sustaining the institution and restoring its efficiency. In that case, I will do what I can. With many thanks for your good wishes and a deep sense of the ser- vices which you are rendermg to the Church in the Province under your jurisdiction, I remain, my dear Lord, Your Lordship's most faithful servant, (Signed) W. Cantuar. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia. This letter was communicated to the Board on March 6, 1837. There were present at the meeting : — His Excellency Major-General Sir Colin Campbell, K. C. B., Governor of the Province and President of the Board. The Rt. Rev. and Honorable the Visitor. The Honorable the Chief-Justice. The Solicitor-General. The Secretary of the Province. The Honorable Thomas N. Jeffery. And it was resolved : — L That the warmest thanks of the Board be presented most respect- fully to his Grace the Patron for the interest he has been pleased to manifest in the prosperity of King's College. n. That his Grace be respectfully informed that the Governors of the College entertain a confident hope that by the blessing of God upon the exertions which have lately been made and will be continued for the support and usefulness of the institution committed to their care, it will long continue to dispense the important benefits which it has afforded for nearly half a century to this part of his Majesty's Do- minions. in. That the Patron be earnestly requested to use his Grace's influence for the revival of the Divinity scholarships at the College, which were supported by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel as long as that benevolent Society could sustain the expense of that support ; and that his Grace be respectfully assured that the revival of these scholarships will eminently conduce to the usefulness of the ii Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 8 1 ChS' ""''' ''^^'"'^'"y ^^'^^"'^^^ t'^e best interests of the Establishe C/a 1.0 I.I 1.25 ':; -*" lii 21 ■In "* iijo Hill 9 n us iw ^v II 1.8 lU i;|||i.6 ^'V^ 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 m V V N> "^ s % ^J &? % s 84 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. who, after useful and honorable Uves, have gone to their rest before their instructor. Dr. Porter resigned in April, 1836. In his letter to the Board, dated March 28, 1836, he makes a statcmont which shows that the Imperial Government fully expected that the union of King's and Dalhousie Colleges would be carried into effect. The following is the passage : — When the President lately visited England and ascertained from his Majesty's Government that no further grant would be made to the Col- lege after the year 1833, he had no resource but to press his own per- sonal claims, and in answer to a memorial for this purpose information was conveyed to him by the direction of Mr. Stanley, that the usual salary would be paid to him for the following year, ' it being expected that the Colleges would be united during that period, but if the pro- posed union did not take place, he would in the following year be allowed a retirement.' Conformably to this arrangement, official notice from the Treasury has lately been for^varded to him, that his pension commenced on the first of April, 1835. On April 25, 1836, a communication from the Rev. Dr. Mc- Cawley, Professor of Hebrew and Mathematics in King's Col- lege, New Brunswick, was read, relative to his acceptance of the office of President of King's College, Nova Scotia. Dr. McCawley was engaged at a salary of ;^350 stg., with the added emolument of ;^50 as Chaplain of the College, on Nov. 9, 1836. On the retirement of the Rev. John Stevenson he also became S. P. G. missionary at Falmouth.^ The income of the College, by the withdrawal of the impe- rial grant, was reduced to the following items : — From the S. P. G ^500 stg. " " Provincial Government ...... 400 " " " College Property 200 " Total ;^i)ioo stg. Nothing daunted, the Board spent ;;i^i,248 in putting the Col- lege and the Collegiate School in thorough repair. 1 The Rev. John Stevenson was appointed S P. G. missionary at Falmouth upon the resignation of Dr. Cochran in 1832. He resigned his position in the College and his mission at Falmouth in 1846. lie bequeathed the sum of ?4,ooo to King's College, to found three scholarships, now called " The Stevenson Scholarships." Ill' Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 85 The salaries and staff were reduced to the following low standard : — The College. Dr. McCawley, President and Chaplain to the College /440 currency. Rev. John Stevenson, Professor Mathematics, etc. . 220 " (^200 sterling being allowed by the S. P. G. as missionary at Falmouth.) The Collegiate School. Rev. W. B. King, Principal ^220 currency. The Principal of the Collegiate School paid his assistant out of the fees. The four foundation scholarships attached to the College were preserved intact. The steward of the College was paid by the Board. During this year the College and School had sunk to their lowest ebb. The number of students at one time had declined to three only, and the boys in the Collegiate School had dwin- dled down to four. But in January, 1837, the Board were en- abled to inform Lord Glenclg that a fresh accession of students had raised the numbers to eleven, and in the Collegiate School there were twenty-four boys. Some conception of the gloom which enveloped both establishments may be gathered from the record in the Minute-Booky that at the Encocnia of 1836 the only Governor present was the Visitor. It required a strong heart and steadfast trust to live through this year of trial ; but the strong heart and the steadfast trust sustained Bishop Inglis. His Lordship evidently knew what influence and motives lay in the backgrotmd, and sought to direct or compass the ruin of the College and impair the resources of the Church. New Brunswick was not troubled with the same ceast^lcss persecu- tion, and yet she had a college enjoying a grant from the Imperial Government and an endowment from the Provincial Legislature. Light soon began to penetrate the gloom. The following letter shows how determined the Bishop was to hold on to the Charter and the College as long as there was anything to hold, and how liberal his intentions were toward the College if the necessity should arise. Clermont, Nov. i, 1836. My dear John, — I am much obliged by your interesting though not very agreeable detail. Our debts must be paid while we have the abil- ity. The Library Fund is sacred, and cannot be touched ; but I have i,! 86 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia, no doubt the Governors will concur with me in thinking after our funds here shall fail, that \}n& accumulated inknst oi \\\ft Subscrii)tion or Build- ing Fund should first be taken, and that of the General Fund next. I hope to be in time to confer with them, as I do not like single re- sponsibility in money matters. I am willing to take all the responsibility of Dr. McCawley's and Mr. King's appointments. My kindest remembrances at home. We propose setting out for Kentville to-morrow. Yours affectionately, ,_Signed) John Nova Scotia. John C. Halliburton, Esq. ( The Secretary). It will be seen from the above that Bishop Inglis would not touch t\\c pnticifal o{ any of the College funds, merely the accu- mulated interest; and that he himself became responsible for the salary of the President and the Principal of the Collegiate School in the event of further withdrawals of income. Bishop Inglis's attention to the Collegiate School was always constant and marked. The boys were annually brought up to the College to be examined by himself or a Committee of the Board. The Collegiate School was regarded by him as the feeder of the College. More money had been expended on its buildings than on those of the College. The S. P. G recog- nized its great value, and for many years contributed large sums annually in support of exhibitions for the education of the sons of the clergy. Proceedings in England in Regard to the College. The Bishop went to England in 1838, and attended a meet- ing of the friends of the S. P. G. held at Willis's rooms, on June 22. Two archbishops, twelve bishops, several of her Majesty's ministers, and many of the nobility and clergy were present. The bad effects of the withdrawal of the Parliamentary grant for the support of the clergy in the B. N. A. Provinces were displayed. The Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia addressed the meeting concerning King's College., His Lordship said: " From this seminary alone could a sufficient supply of mis- sionaries be hoped for, to meet the spiritual wants of the Diocese of Nova Scotia ; and had it fallen, the Church must have suf- fered the severest distress." ^ * Proceed! II f,!: at a PtiHic Meeting of the Fricnd< and Mtin/vrx of the S. P. G. I1S3S. Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. 87 During his visit to England the Bishop received donations in money and many vahiablc additions to the Library. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel came forward most generously, and notwithstanding the withdrawal of the Parliamentary grant, agreed to contribute ;^500 stg. per annum toward the general purposes of the College. The grant, com- mencing in 1826, was continued to 1846. In 1841 the S. P. G. commenced the further grant of ;.{^300 stg. per annum for Divinity scholarships and exhibitions, which was continued to 1871. The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge had granted ;^200 stg. for Divinity scholarships in 1837. This grant was continued to 1843, when it was reduced to .^^150; in 1845 to .^£^100, and in 1846 discontinued. Donation of Dr. Warneford. In October, 1838, the Secretary read to the Board a letter from Dr. Warneford to the Bishop, announcing that he had placed;^ 1,000 in trust with the S. P. G. for the University of King's College at Windsor, the interest alone to be applied, as Bishop Inglis might think proper, " for the benefit of your Uni- versity." Dr. Warneford concludes his letter with the following words : ' — I have only to hope that your Lordship will not attribute to the de- sire of disi)lay my tribute devoted to a most holy cause ; and may the Almighty send down His blessings on your Lonlship's prayers for the success of your pious undertakings, and the humble exertions of, etc., etc., etc. (Signed) Samuel Wilson Warneford. The letter from Dr. Warneford to the Bishop was ordered to be read a second time at a meeting of the Board on Y^ih. 7, 1839, " ^s all the Governors would like to express their thanks for this munificent gift." At this meeting there were present: Lieutenant-Gencral Sir Colin Campbell, K. C. B., Lieutenant-Governor, the Chief-Jus- tice, the Judge of the Vice-Admiralty, the Attorney-General ami * Copy of this letter in the Library of K. C. , also in the Minutes, vol. li. p. 55. 88 Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. V I. Speaker of the House of Assembly, the Solicitor-General, and the Hon. S. N. Jcffcry. The Chief-Justice was requested to prepare a reply, which is now given, in order to show the views of the Board with respect to the objects of the College. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Feb. 27, 1839. Reverend Sir, — The Governors of King's College in Nova Scotia feel it both a duty and a pleasure to return you their grateful thanks for your liberal donation of / 1,000 to the institution under their charge. The Lord Bishop of this Diocese, the indefatigable friend of King's College, has transmitted to the Governors a copy of your letter to his Lordship announcing this act of liberality. The manner in which the gift has been made enhances its value, and the Governors equally welcome the generosity and the humility of the pious donor. It will afford them the most sincere gratification to record your name among the liberal benefactors to our institution, founded by his Most Excellent Majesty George the Third, to train up the youth of the coun- try to fear God and honor the King, and to perpetuate in this remote part of the British Empire the worship of the Almighty in accordance with the principles of that Holy and Apostolic Church of which you are so worthy a minister. By order and in the name and behalf of the Governors of King's Col- lege, at Windsor in Nova Scotia. John C. Halliburton, Secretary, In December, 1838, the James Putnam Legacy of ^100, to be expended in books for the Library, was paid. About this time the " Church Society " was established at Halifax. Among the objects of its attention the following was specified in the IX. Rule : — 3. Upholding by all possible and proper means the Collegiate Estab- lishments at Windsor.' In 1841 the Governors were in a position to add a Professor of Modern Languages to the staff, fifty years after the first establishment of the College in 1790. The work done during the first half-century of the life of the University is briefly shown in the following tables : — 1 Vide Report of the S. P. G. for 1837, p. 34. ■ 'I ii U; Kin£s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 89 Decades. Number of Ordained Clergymen. " Number of Graduates. 1790-1803 7 (Before the charter) 200 1803-1810 4 21 1810-1820 9 .| 1820-1830 24 69 1830-1840 10 48 Total 54 J§^ Estimated number of boys educated in the Collegiate School who did not pass through the College 400 Total in both establishments "^89 The effect of the attempts to remove the College to Hah'fax is well shown in the diminished number of clergymen and gradu- ates during the decade 1830 to 1840. Origin of the "Visitors' Fund." At a meeting of the Board held on Dec. 31, 1844, 'the Visitor stated that a surplus amounting to about ^1,300 had accumulated from the allowances of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, for Divinity scholarships at the College, which he thought might be advantageously invested on mortgage of real estate. ' Whereupon it was resolved that as this fund was peculiarly under the care and management of the Visitor, for the express purpose of endowing Divinity scholarships, that he be requested to invest the same in such manner as he might deem most prudent for the above purpose.' This fund now amounts to a large sum, exclusive of the Warneford and Clermont Trusts, which for many years have been incorrectly included in the 'Visitors' Fund.' The following table shows the decennial increase of this fund out of savings from the annual grants of the S. P. G., and the occasional grants of the S. P. C. K. for Divinity Scholarships and exhibitions at the Colle- giate School. Capital. Income. 1844 $ 5,200.00 1854 11,400.00 1864 24,232.70 18741 40,589.34 $2,390.72 18S4 1 44,266.00 '889 « 43-989-34 2,619.52 1 This does not include the proceeds of the sale of the Clermont property, — namely, <*7,997 5°. — or Dr. Warneford's donation of $5,000. The printed statement of the '' Visitors' Fund, " published in August, 1885, gives the total amount as 555,266, but this sum includes part of the " Clermont Fund," hereafter descrittd, and the Warneford Fund. * College Kalendar, 1889-90, deducting Clermont and Warneford Funds. ii.' r r) n ■ij £iij 90 Kind's College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia, w\ \ For many years the wording of the annual gifts of the \ S. 1'. G., includes the Collegiate School, and is in this form : — 12 scholars at King's College, Windsor. 12 exhibitioners at the Collegiate School. Or in similar form, referring to both establishments. The savings one would suppose arc applicable to both institutions. In October, 1848, it was resolved by the Board that " at the commencement of 1849, the Secretary be authorized to separate the account of the Visitors' Divinity Sciiolausiiip Fund from the general account of the College at the Bank." ^ The foregoing statement of the Visitor in 1844, coupled with the above resolution of the Board of Governors concerning the matter to which the statement reters, discloses the fallacy of the conception which has been entertained and has done much harm, that the so-called " Visitors' Fund " could be alienated from the College and devoted to the purposes of another institution elsewhere than at King's College, Windsor, or the Collegiate School. In 1843 the Board were disturbed by an application from the Provincial Secretary, soliciting their opinions respecting the es- tablishment of a non-sectarian Provincial University, coupled with a desire to know how far the charter of King's College could be made available for that object. The Board declined to offer an opinion until details were furnished. In November, 1845, the Secretary of the S. P. G. informed the Board that the Society would be compelled to withdraw the grant of ;{^500 per annum, and the allowance of ;^50 for a chaplain, after the close of the year 1846, owing to a deficiency in their funds, whereupon the Visitor was requested to draw up a memorial to H. M. Government. This withdrawal of the S. P. G. grant compelled the Governors to give notice that the salary of the Principal of the Collegiate School could no longer be paid out of the funds of the College. The affairs of the College again assumed a gloomy aspect. The Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone's Suggestions. The memorial to the Rt. Hon. Lord Stanley, dated Dec. 24, 1845, together with the reply of the Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone, is printed in the Appendix to the Journals of the House of • Minutes oj the Board, vol. iii. Kings College, Windsor^ Nova Scotia. 91 Assembly for 1847. The refusal was kindly expressed, and embodicil a statement of opinion on the matter, leading the Gov- ernors to turn to a neglected source of support, which eventually proved the salvation of the University, not only rescuing it from impending ruin, but placing it on a secure financial footing for some years to come. Extract from Mr. Giadstone's Letter. I can readily understand that the loss of this grant * will be most detrimental to the interest of the College ; but I cannot bring myself to believe that any difficulty will be experienced in obtaining, either from public sources, or from the liberality of private parties in the Province, the necessary means for maintaining the College in active operation. The Bishop took the hint conveyed by this paragraph of the despatch, and at a meeting of the Board on May 6, 1846, it was resolved " that a Committee be appointed to ascertain whether funds can be raised from other sources, and especially by the exertions of the Alumni of the College, to aid the institution under its present embarrassments." The Visitor, the Chief-Justice, and the President of the College were appointed a Committee for the purpose named in the resolution. At this date 430 persons had been educated within the walls of the College since its foundation. The number of students had increased since 1842, but they fell off as soon as it became known that the grant of the S. P. G. would be withdrawn. The annual entries were in 1842,7; 1843, U! 1844,6; 1845,11; 1846, 3. Although the Governors could not afford to pay the Principal of the Academy any salary from their funds, yet the value of the Academy to the College had now become very marked, and the Governors resolved in future to go in a body to the building and witness the annual examinations, at the same time to make a thorough inspection of the dormitories and everything connected with the institution. In 1843 the number of pupils was 36; in 1846 the inhabitants of Windsor requested the Governors to extend the sphere of its usefulness. ' The grant of ;if 500 per annum from the S. P. G. '1 y !H.; 93 King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. The Doings of the Alumni. A week after the resolution of the Hoard to solicit the co-opera- tion of the Alumni and friends of the College, a meeting was held in Halifax and steps taken to form an association ' (May 12, 1846). One of the graduates (Rev. VV. Gray, D.D.) was requested to proceed to England, and it was decided to raise £2fXX> within the Province. On Dec. i, 1846, the Alumni presented six names, out of which the Governors selected two, to be elected by the Board to repre- sent the Alumni.2 The Secretary of that body also announced that they would provide ^125 toward the salary of the Professor of Modern Languages. The Bishop was requested to draw up an appeal to members of the Church for the support of the College. In the appeal the Bishop gave the following dreary account of the financial condition of the College : — 1. The President, who does the duty of two professors at Currency. a salary of JLl^l 0° 00 2. A Professor of Mathematics and Nat. Phil., who takes his share in the Classical Lectures 220 00 00 3. A Lecturer in Modern Languages 125 00 00 4. Four Foundation Scholarships 80 00 00 5. Steward 60 00 00 6. A Secretary and Treasurer __?r_i°__°? ^^^yi 10 00 The whole available funds of the College 544 ^ 8 Additional sum required annually ;t348 3 4 The S. P. G. allowance of £lQO for Divinity scholarships would probably be continued. The prospects were certainly gloomy, but the appeal was made in the right quarter, as events will show. The Diocesan Church Society of Nova Scotia became a staunch friend of the College, and assisted in the support of some students. In 1849 the Society granted ;^I05 currency, or $420, for the help of students. During the year the Society reported that two students have lor three years received assist- ance. Two more now receiving some aid are preparing for admission to Holy Orders. » Mr. Justice Bliss was appointed Chairman ; Rev. Dr. Twining, Vice-Chairman ; and Mr. S L. Shannon, Secretary. « The Speaker of the House of Assembly, the Hon. W. Young, dissenting. i ' Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. 93 In December, 1847, there were 14 undergraduates in residence. The number of additional entries in 1848 amounted to 12. In March, 1847, a Provincial Act was obtained, incorporating "The Alumni of King's College, Windsor," for the promotion of education, persons of all religious denominations being eligible as members. Liberality of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Under date (i^ Lincoln's Inn Fields, Nov. 2, 1847, the Secre- tary of the S. P. C. K. informed the Bishop to the effect that " The Standing Committee have been informed by the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia that the Alumni of King's College, Windsor, are now making active exertions to raise funds for the better maintenance and greater efficiency of the College, and that at a meeting lately held at Halifax the Alumni had unani- mously resolved to raise the sum of ;^2,000, to be applied toward the support of the College so long as it shall continue to maintain its connection with the Church." The Standing Committee, having taken the subject into their consid- eration, give notice that at the general meeting of the Society on the 7th of December they will projjose to the Board as follows . — That the sum of ;^i,ooo be granted toward King's College, Windsor, this sum to be paid as soon as the above-mentioned ;^2,ooo shall have been contributed ; and also that a further grant of ;^ 1,000 be voted to be paid as soon as an additional amount of _;;^2,ooo shall have been raised by friends of the College, — it being a condition of these grants that before the sums voted by the Society are paid, all the regulations for the future government of the College shall have been submitted to his Grace the President of the Society, who is the Patron of the College, and have been approved by him.* On Dec. 4, 1847, the Bishop addressed a circular letter to the clergy of the Diocese. In this letter his Lordship says : — I therefore ventured to suggest that, old as I am, and unequal as I may be to the successful discharge of the office, I would proceed to England, and once more be the advocate of the College in that land of benevolence and bounty, if the Associated Alumni would raise ^2,000 as the commencement of a fund, from the interest of which the College might derive some good addition to its permanent income, and ex- * Afinutes of the Board, Dec. 8, 1847, vol ii p. 157. '; r, 1 94 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia, pressed a hope that I might obtain ^4,000 to be adilcd to their ^2,000. The (lovcrnurHai)proved of my suggc'stiun, etc. . . . J5eing anxious that no mistake should lie made, I candidly stated that whatever ajjpUcatiun I should make for assistance would be grounded upon a full under- standing ... so long as the Archbishop of Canterbury should be the Patron, with the jjowers which have been given to him ; so long as the IJishop of the Diocese shall continue to be the Visitor; so long as the I'resiilent must be in full orders ; so long as the internal govern- ment of the College shall be vested, as it now is, in members of the Established Church.' The Dishop continues: — The Alumni, after due deliberation, unanimously passed a resolution which was read on the following day at a second joint meeting of CJov- ernors and Alumni : ' That the Managing Committee be recpiested to take immediate steps to raise the sum of ^2,000, in such manner as they deem best, to be invested for the benefit of King's College, so long as it shall continue in connection with the Church of I'ngland, and to meet the proposition submitted to the Incorporated Alumni by the Visitor.' The original of this important resolution, signed by G. P. C. Hill, Acting Secretary, is in the Library of King's College, to- gether with many other documents connected with the proceed- ings of the Alumni. They are all interesting, and display the energy and activity, together with the faithful trust of the Alumni in the future of the College, and the sense of boundcn duty which successfully sustained them in their efforts. In January, 1848, the information was conveyed to the Alumni that the S. P. C. K. had unanimously agreed to grant the sum of ;6^2,0oo to King's College on the conditions specified. This is an im- portant agreement, duly entered into, which ought never to be forgotten. Among the by-laws passed by the Association on June 27, 1848, following the announcement of the decision of the S. P. C. K., the subjoined were published : — VI. That the funds of the Association will be appropriated for the payment of one or more professors or lecturers, and one or more scholarships at the University of King's College, or one or more teachers or exhibitions in the Collegiate School at Windsor, to be de- nominated the Alumni professorships and scholarships, respectively. 1 Printed copy of this circular letter is in the Library of King's College. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 95 VII. That the Association will scminilously apply surli (It)nations as may bo made to them to such specific objects in aid of King's College as may be directed by the donon respectively. Thus was cemented a bond of union strengthened by a cove- nant, which has been productive of great benefits to KiiiL,''s College and the Collegiate school. In the future it gives prom- ise of increased advantages and more confirmed utility. Subscriptions began now to come in freely, and by October of the same year the Committee of the Alumni were able to report that they had raised the sum of £i,S7'i, together with ;^400 for a Divinity Scholarship Fund, to be established in memory of the Rev. VV. Cogswell, a warm friend of the College. The number of students during the last term of 1847 reached fourteen only. In 1848 the entries numbered twelve. The Rev. T. G. Mulholland of Trinity College, Dublin, was ap- pointed master of the Collegiate School, and that establishment began its work after a cessation of many months, owing to the want of funds and the general feeling of doubt prevailing re- specting the very existence even of the College and School. The Repeal of the Provincial Grant to King's College. On Feb. 10, 1849, a new trouble awaited the Governors. They met to discuss the introduction of a bill in the House of Assembly, to repeal the clause in the bill passed in 1787, endowing the College with ;^400 sterling per annum. A memorial was unanimously agreed upon, praying that the bill be not assented to, and ordered to be published by the Board. The bill, however, was passed in 185 1. The repeal of this clause in the original act severed the finan- cial connection so long existing between the Provincial Gov- ernment and the College, leaving it under the patronage and protection of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, as described in the charter, whenever such protection might be authoritatively invoked, and largely dependent upon the exertions of the Alumni and the members of the Church, for whose advantage it was in the main established. Its political relation to the Government was now manifestly incongruous, and its friends began to cast about for means to sever this connection. HI \> I 96 King^s College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia^ The Death of Bishop John Inglis. The death of Bishop John Inglis is an epoch in the history of King's College. His name as a pupil is the first that appeared on the records of the Academy in November, 1787 He was born in New York in 1777, and was only ten years old when he entered the Academy at its foundation. His Lordship was or- dained by his father, the first Bishop of Nova Scotia, in 1801, and appointed S. P. G. missionary at Aylcsford. Dr. John Inglis was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia and its depen- dencies on March 27, 1825. During a confirmation tour in November, 1849, he was at- tacked with fever at Mahone Bay. This illness confined him to a sick chamber for many months. The last meeting of the Board of Governors of K. C. he attended, was held on the 27th of June, 1849. No other meeting of the Board took place for a whole year, according to the minutes. Bishop John Inglis died in London on Oct. 27, 1850, at the age of seventy-three years. He was buried in Battersea Churchyard. During the Bishop's last illness, the twelfth annual meeting of the Diocesan Church Society of Nova Scotia was held in Hali- fax on Feb. 20, 1850. In the Report presented by the Ex- ecutive Committee the following touching reference to his Lordship was made : — We have this evening to regret the absence of a member of this So- ciety who was mainly instrumental in its formation ; who has been its first and only President ; of one who has always had the deepest regard for the welfare of the Society ; who has ever taken the most lively in- terest in its proceedings ; to whom we are under great obligations for his unwearied paternal care, both with regard to the subject now before us, and also to all our dearest interests.* The " one " concerning whom this delicate and heartfelt testi- monial was put on record, died eight months after its public avowal. As illustrating the vast missionary field traversed by Bishop Inglis, it may be mentioned that in 1826 he visited Bermuda as part of his Diocese. Here he found 9 Churches and 4 clergy- men. In 1828 he visited Newfoundland, travelled 5,0(X) miles, consecrated 18 Churches, and confirmed 2,365 persons. He es- > See Twelfth Report of the Stnndivs; Committee of the D. C. S. of N.S.,\>. i r . Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 97 tablishcd at this time the Archdeaconries of Newfoundland and IJernuida. Ii 1839 Newfoundland was separated from the Diocese of Nova Scotia. The Honorable and Right Reverend John Inglis, D.D., is a name to be remembered by all who have the interests of the Church at heart, and who sympathize with the difficulties and triumphs of the institution with which he, and his father before him, had so strikingly identified themselves. The S. P. G. unanimously adopted ver> commendatory reso- lutions on Nov. 15, 1850.1 The Board of Governors of King's College made special ref- erence to Bishop Inglis's care of the College in the resolution recorded on their minutes. They refer " to the death of him who was ever the INDEFATIGABLE PROMOTER OF ITS INTERE.STS THE FAITHFUL GUARDIAN OF ITS TRUSTS, and its Warm, active! and zealous friend." The College lost much when this " faithful guardian of its trusts " was taken away. The Alumni, with a ready and graceful acknowledgment of his great services to the College, proceeded to found, in addition to the heavy burdens they had already undertaken, the " Inglis Theological Professorship." This well-earned testimonial to the self-sacrificing prelate's worth has long Iain dormant, for rea- sons unknown. The fund now amounts to about one thousand dollars. In the Report of the Alumni, published in 1871, re- newed reference is made to this memorial professorship.' It may be well to give the exact words : " At a special general meeting, held Feb. 3, 1851, a resolution was adopted and a Committee appointed to raise funds for the foundation of a professorship of pastoral theology to be called The Inglis Theological Professorship, in remembrance of the late Bishop." The Kalcndar of King's College for the academical year, 1871- 72 contains an excellent brief account of the doings of the Alumni, and shows how largely this body has been insh-umcntal in sustaining the University. Bishop John Inglis died a poor man. He inherited the farm " Clermont " from his father, and although his emoluments were 1 These resolutions will be found on page Iviii of the S. P. G. Retort for i8« together with a brief notice of the life-work of th" late Bishop. ' ill. ih 98 King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. large, being about $11,500 per annum, he saved nothing from his income beyond the premium of a Hfe annuity for the benefit of his family. His travelling expenses were large, his liberality great, and his hospitality uniform and generous. The number of clergymen recognizing King's College as their Alma Mater in 1850 had reached 79. The number of matricu- lated students at the College since the charter was 257. The number of boys educated at the Collegiate School since Bishop John Inglis's name first appeared on the roll, approximated to 1200, making a total of persons wholly or partially educated in these institutions, at the death of the Bishop, 1460, as nearly as can be ascertained. \ f The Fourth Bishop of Nova Scotia. The Rev. Hibbert Binney, D. D., Fellow and Tutor of Wor- cester College, Oxford, was appointed to the See of Nova Scotia shortly after the death of Bishop Inglis. He was con- secrated at Lambeth on March 25, 1851. His Lordship arrived at Halifax on July 22 of that year. Three months only prior to his arrival the clause in the Act of 1789 granting ^400 sterling annually to King's College was repealed. The new Bishop took his seat at the Board on September 22 ; the administrator of the Government, Lieutenant-Colonel Bazal- gette being ex officio in the chair. Bishop Binney was born in Sydney, Cape Breton, Aug. 12, 1 8 19. He was not thirty-two years of age when appointed by the Crown to the exalted position of Bishop in the Church. He had been educated in England, and therefore every allowance is to be made for a young man placed in so responsible a posi- tion, and coming to his native country as Lord Bishop direct from the tutorship of a college in Oxford, not from the wide and more sympathetic field of ecclesiastical work in a parish. When th Secretary of the Board of Governors wrote to his Lordship concerning the College before his departure from Oxford in 1851, he had to describe the religious complexion of the political body to which the Bishop now belonged ex officio. In the words of the Secretary, the members consisted of seven members of the Church of England, three Presbyterians, and one, " not a member of the Church of England." \ I Kind's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 99 This complex character of the governing body could hardly have created a favorable impression. The financial position of the College was not more encour- aging than the complexion of the Board. The Secretary in- formed his Lordship before he set out for his Diocese that the F-penditurc of the College was ^1.013 \?. 6 Income 737 15 o Deficit ^275 17 o S. P. G. grant for Divinity scholars £100. The staff of the College consisted of the President, who was Professor of Divinity and Classics ; the Vice-President, who was Professor of Mathematics; and the Professor of Modern Languages. Change in the Act of Incorporation of King's College. In June, 1852, the Alumni submitted among others the fol- lowing resolution for consideration of the Board, the prelude to further action which greatly influenced the future of the College, Resolved, that agreeably to the suggestion contained in the Report of the Committee, a Conference be sought with the Governors of the College for the purpose of consulting as to the best mode of procuring such an alteration in the Charter and the Provincial Statute as may secure the management of the College in the hands of those whose affections are engaged in its behalf, instead of intrusting it, as now, to ex-officio members, who may or may not be friends of the Institution.* This concerted measure was revolutionary, but it was clearly necessary that something of the kind should be done if the College were to seek for sympathy from those who desired to become its best friends and contribute pecuniary support. The political Board of Governors under the charter, consisting largely of officers of the Government, some of whom cither were at the time, or by the wheel of fortune in representative government might at any moment become, stern opponents of the Church, and unfriendly to the College, were not likely to insure the uninterrupted progress of the institution. The efforts of the Alumni to procure a new Board of Governors, repre- 1 minutes of the Board, vol. iii. p. 242. lOO Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. senting and friendly to the Church, was finally successful in 1853. On April 4, 1853, an act was passed by the Legislature " to incorporate the Governors of King's College, Windsor, and to repeal the act for founding, establishing, and maintaining a Col- lege in this Province." The Queen's assent was announced at a Board meeting held on Jan. 10, 1854. The Visitor stated at this meeting that he had collected £\,o in England, and that the late Bishop had secured £,26^. The Secretary was instructed to write to the President of the Alumni of King's College, Windsor, requesting him to call a special or general meeting for the election of eight Governors of the Col- lege under the new act. The most important provisions and powers conferred by the new act were as follows : — 1. All Governors to be members of the Church of England. 2. The Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia for the time being always to be President of the Board, and Visitor. 3. All lands, goods, chattels, etc., in possession of, or held in trust by the old Board of Governors were confirmed to the new Board. Clause 6. The Governors hereby incorporated, at any gen- eral meeting assembled, shall, from time to time, and as they shall think fit, make and establish such statutes and ordinances for the instruction, care, and government of the students, the management of the property of the College, the appointment of the President, Professors, Fellows, and Scholars (the Presi- dent always to be a member of the Church of England), and also touching any matter or thing respecting the College which to them shall seem meet. Clause 10. The royal charter, incorporating "the Govern- ors, President, and Fellows of King's College, at Windsor, in the Province of Nova Scotia," shall not in any manner be affected by this act, except so far as may be necessary to give effect to this act. The closing act of the old political Board of Governors of King's College is thus recorded in the minutes : — Feb. 13, 1854. Present. His Excellency Sir J. Gaspard Le Marchant, Lieutenant-Governor. The Rt. Rev. Hibbert Binney, D. D., Visitor. The Hon. Brcnton Hallibuiton, Chief- Justice. i . Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. lOI The Hon. Alex. McDougall, Solicitor-General. Lewis M. Wilkins, Esq. The Secretary read the following letter from the Secretary of the Associated Alumni : — Halifax, Feb. ii, 1854. Sir, — I am directed to inform you that at a special general meeting of the Alumni of King's College, Windsor, held on the loth iast., the following gentlemen were elected Governors of King's College : — The Hon. Mr. Justice Parker, of New Brunswick. Andrew M. Uniacke, Esq. Hugh Hartshorne, Esq. The Hon. Mather Almon. The Rev. George W. Hill. The Rev. William Bullock. James C. Cogswell, Esq. John W. Ritchie, Esq. I have, etc., (Signed) P. Carteret Hill, Secretary of Alumni. John C. Halliburton, Esq., Secretary of A'm/s College. Whereupon it was resolved that the Secretary and Treasurer be authorized to transfer the books, papers, accounts, and moneys of the present Board of Governors to such person as may be authorized by the new Board of Governors to receive the same, and that the Secretary do transmit the above resolution to the Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia, the President of the new Board, and Visitor, and request he will communicate the same to the new Board of Governors. Thus closed the fitful life of the first political governing body of King's College. An insight into its spasmodic and ill-sus- tained efforts to mould or mar, to establish or destroy an University, might be gathered from the record of the number of its meetings each year in fulfilling the duties imposed by the Act of Incorporation and the charter. In 1838 the Board held two meetings, in 1839 the same number. In 1840 it met but once. In 1849 this political Board did not hold a single meeting between June 26, 1849, and June 27, 1850. In 1853 two meetings were held, and then it died. No record of Proceedings was at any time published except on demand of the Legislature. The Corporation was a closed ft fl il ■I 1 02 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. corporation, often at variance with itself in business matters, but generally unanimous at the annual dinner, which was hilariously celebrated. The Governor of the Province presided at the meetings o'''.ne Board, whether he happened to be a Churchman or a Presby- teria.?. Among the provincial ministry of the day, the views of aii/ Protestant denomination might prevail. The Bishop was frequently overruled, and subject to the influence and votes of extremists in his own Church, or dissentients from the religious views he was bound to uphold. He might at any time be opposed by a " Croke " or thwarted by a " nondescript," such as the Secretary failed to outline in his letter to Bishop Binney just after his consecration. All of these difficulties have to be kept in view in summing up the struggle for life which King's College successfully com- bated before the Alumni came to her aid. The institution itself suffered greatly in reputation through the incongruous e'ements composing its governing body. It could not be otherwise, for with diverse religious views, success in one direction would be accounted a mischievous advance by opponents. As a consequence, the new life of King's College was beset with unusual difficulties. Even among many members of the Church it ceased to excite interest or sympathy, for it was regarded as incapable of survival. But a large majority of the Alumni remained true ; and to those who then, whether Church- men or Dissenters, came forward with alacrity and feeling, the College owes its present existence and its future brightening prospects. In one particular the old political Board strictly adhered to the line of loyalty and duty. They were chary of the dignity of the charter, and granted degrees with scrupulous caution. During the half-century that the Government of the Province had controlled its work, the University had granted the follow- ing degrees : — D. D. . . . 5 D. C. L. . . . s Hon. D. C. L. . . , 14 B. D. . . . 5 B. C. L. . . . 5 M. D. ad E. G. . . . o M. A so B. A. ... 173 While the act of the Legislature in 1853 severed the official connection between the College and Provincial Government, it Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 103 established a direct relationship between the governing body of the institution and the ^vlumni, preserving at the same time the connection of the College with the Church, and recognizing the authority of the Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury, through the charter. The House of Assembly placed the College on the same financial footing as other denominational institutions, by a grant of $1,000 per annum, and then left it to pursue its own course and rely on its own resources. THE FOURTH PERIOD. FROM THE ESTAI5LISHMENT OF 'iIIE NEW BOARD OF GOV- ERNORS TO THE CLOSE OV THE FHiST HUNDRED YEARS OF THE LIFE OF THE UNIVERSITY, 1853-1890. The first meeting of the new Board was held at Windsor on Feb. 13, 1854. Committees were at once formed to examine into the financial condition of the College and report on College lands and other property; also to sec to the state of the build- ings, and prepare an outline of affairs generally for the informa- tion of the public. The total amount of the funds of the College was found to be as follows : — General Fund ?S5,S73.oo Visitors' Fund 11,400.00 $66,973.00 Revenue from General Fund $2,851.00 Expenses 3,'476.oo Deficit "$625700 The landed property, apart from the original sixty-nine acres on which the College and Collegiate School were situated, con- sisted of twenty thousand acres of wild and generally poor land, together with a " barren" farm near Truro. A thorough examination was made of the College building, and in the report submitted it was stated that at some former period not specified, the sills of the old frame had been taken out, " and stone laid in mortar carried from foundation up to plate." The Governors unexpectedly found themselves in pos- ¥w' Mk I II 4 104 Kind's College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. session of a stone building, in place of one supposed to be of wood, and sound in all leading particulars. Being clapboardcd and " sheathed " throughout, it was com- monly supposed that the structure was of wood only; sadly in want of paint, it was also believed to be in swift process of decay. This impression appears to have uniformly prevailed at the time, particularly as some o ' the floors were sagged in the lower rooms. Action of the Alumni. After the election of the new Board the Alumni proposed to raise $40,000 for an endowment, and supplement this generous contribution by an annual grant from their funded property toward various College and Collegiate School expenses. An appeal to Churchmen and the public generally was issued in January, 1854, to which was added a separate address to the clergy of the Diocese by the Visitor.^ The scheme for raising this large amount embodied the granting of the privilege of nominating a matriculated student to pass through the College without the payment of fees, to every contributor or group of contributors of $400. Eighty nominations were secured by this method, of which fifty still re- main in force. From a recent return it appears that the value of the nominations of which advantage has been taken up to the present year exceeds $55,000, or more than $20,000 in ex- cess of the money actually received. By this means the College has largely contributed toward FREE EDUCATION. The $40,000 was subscribed within a year; and by the system of nominations securing free education, the return to the donors has already been nearly double the amount received from them. This fea- ture should never be overlooked. The College staff was reorganized in June with the following salaries : — President, the Rev. G. McCawley, D. D., Professor of Clas- sics, $2,000. Professor of Mathematics, M. J. Hcnsley, B. A., $1,000. Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, Henry How, $1,000. 1 A copy of these printed documents is in the Library of King's College. Thir- teen years later than the date of the circular to the clergy, out of seventy serving in Nova .Scotia in 1S63, no less th.an fifty were trained in King's College. Kmgs College, Wmdsor, Nova Scolia. 105 Professor of Pastoral Theology, Rev. G. W. Hill, M A $1,000. ' ■ '' Professor of Modern Languages, H. Shefclhagen, $600. Principal of the Collegiate School, Rev. D. VV. Pickett. The President still retained the mission at Falmouth. The Statutes. One of the first acts of the new Board was to appoint a Com- mittee to frame a new code of statutes and regulations. Clause 6 of the Act of Incorporation gave them full power to estab- lish statutes and ordinances " touching any matter or thing re- specting the College which to them shall seem meet." The Committee proposed a Chancellor and Vicc-Chanccllor, to preside as occasion required at convocation, to confer de- grees, and give form and status to the University apart from the College. When this proposition came before the full Board for discus- sion, eleven members being present, it was moved by the Presi- dent of the College that the section appointing the Chancellor and Vice-chancellor be omitted. " This was agreed to, five to two." Four members of the Board did not vote on this impor- tant matter.i The President of the College thus became Presi- dent of the University and by a further statute President of Convocation, with power to summon a meeting for the confer- ring of degrees at any time during the academical year. By another statute a Board of Discipline was appointed, con- sisting of the Faculty, over which the President of the College presided. Great powers were given to this Board, among others that of granting testimonials. But the President of the College at the time was also Profes- sor of Classics, and to his College and University duties were continued his salaried duties to the S. P. G. missionary station in the adjoining township of Falmouth, to which he had been appointed on the retirement of the Rev. J. Stevenson, formerly Professor of Mathematics in K. C. under the old Board. The retention of this S. P. G. appointment necessarily took the Pres- ident away from the College on Sundays, as in former times. The revival of the original statute proposed by the Committee 1 See Minutes of the Board, vol. iii. p 69, Aug. i ., 1854. It would appear from the minutes that this miportant statute was not carried by a majority of the Board present. ■' •' J« 106 Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. and negatived in the manner described (from members of the Hoard not voting), with the modification that the Chancellor should be elected by the Alumni, has several times been enter- tained ; and now that the appointments of all College and Univer- sity officers are annual, with the exception of the Fellows, the time seems to be favorable for effecting the change, if thought desirable. The duties of the Visitor under the new act were defined in express terms : " It is his office to take care that the Statutes are observed." If this limitation had been properly understood and regarded prior to 1884, much trouble might have been saved to the Col- lege. It was decided on April 21, 1885, by the Chief-Justice and two Judges of the Supreme Court, " that the College being a public corporation, established by public statute, and the Visitor being deprived of the power to dismiss, the wide range of powers incident to the office of Visitor, at common law, were not conferred on him." ' The Revised Statutes as finally adopted by the Board were free from all illiberal or sectarian features, preserving only the Divinity School properly fenced, and the College and Uni- versity subject to the charter as amended by the Act of 1853. One clause states as follows : — And whereas it is declared by the charter that all statutes, nilcs, and ordinances may be disallowed by the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being ; therefore these statutes, and every revocation, aug- mentation, or alteration thereof, shall be forthwith transmitted to the said Lord Archbishop. When the Revised Statutes were transmitted to England in 1854 for the approval of the Archbishop of Canterbury, his Grace replied : — The Statutes appear to be such as are likely to secure their object ; and I will endeavor to testify my interest in your College by sending on some early opportunity a copy of my works for your Library, which I b^'g of you to accept as coming from the Patron for the time being. Dr. John Bird Sumner was the fourth Archbishop of Canter- bury to whom vital reference had been made during the exist- ence of the College up to the year 1854. 1 Nmia Scotia Law Reports, 1884-86, vol. vi. p 180. Decided April 21, 1885. , i! Kings C allege y Windsor, Nova Scotia, 107 The privileges of the College were now extended to a new class of students, styled " elective students," who were permitted to attend during an academical year, or term, one, two, or more courses of lectures. The application of this privilege to Divinity students was subsequently productive of such disastrous influ- ence that the Synod of Nova Scotia passed a canon in 1882 relating to Divinity students, hereafter referred to. The sum of $40,000 so speedily raised by the Alumni was supplemented by annual contributions of one pound, or four dollars, from a large number, which, with the interest of certain property previously accumulated in the name of the Corporation, enabled that body further to assist the Governors by annual contributions toward special objects. In July, 1855, the Board published the first " Kalendar of King's College." Up to this date no information in detail con- cerning the College had been given to the public, apart from fragmentary reports to the Legislature, or in appeals for assist- ance, since the foundation of the College in 1790.^ At the close of the year (1855) the finances presented a favorable aspect. The Invested Funds of the College amounted to . . $93,880 The Visitors' Fund to 18,500 $112,380 During the ten years which followed the inauguration of the new Board, and the active intervention of the Alumni, the Col- lege progressed rapidly. The number of students had risen froin sixteen in 1854 to forty-nine in 1864. The PVeshmen en- tries in 1863 were twenty in number. Houses had been built for the professors close to the College building. Exhibitions, testimonials, and prizes had been established.'"^ A handsome new stone building for a convocation hall and library had been erected by the Alumni at heavy cost. The funds of the College were in a favorable condition. Throughout this period excellent regulations were adopted and enforced with respect to both College and Collegiate > Dr. Akins's excellent account of King's CollcRe was published In 1S65. '•* The Dr. Binney Exhibition, annual value 550; Dr. Almon's WeLsford Testimonial, annual value $24; the Akins Historical Prize, annual value fp ; the Cogswell Cricket Prize, annual value $24. The.se were in addition to the William Cogswell Scholarship, annual value 8120; ten S. P. G. Divinity Scholarships, annual value $120 ; the McCawley Hebrew Prize, annual value $45. I 1 08 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. School, whereby the members of the Hoard, as trustees of both institutions, could be informed of tlic projjress, wants, and sliortcomings of each. These measures included terminal or semi-annual and annual reports from the President and profes- sors rcspectintj efficiency and due attendance to statutes and rules, includinjj the transmission to the IJoard of chapel and lecture lists, number and standinjj of students, etc. If these regula- tions had been continuously kept in force, it is not improb- able that some difficulties which occurred in subsequent years would have been materially lessened or wholly avoided. In 1864 the affairs of the estate of "Clermont," the family residence of liishops Charles and John In^lis, devised to the " University of Kinj^'s College, Windsor," by the late Charles Inglis, son of Bishop John Inglis, was finally settled. The Gov- ernors subsequently sold the estate for the sum of $8,000. Suddenly a cloud overshadowed the fair prospects of the University. In the words of the Kalendar for 1864, " The un- happy war in the neighboring States has interrupted the re- ceipt of dividends on the funds invested in that country, which, although the principal, it is hoped, may be ultimately safe, causes the Governors great embarrassment in meeting their engagements." In 1866 this cloud began to disappear, and although considerable loss was sustained, yet efforts were made by the Alumni to make good in some measure the annual de- ficiency in income. In 1870 the valuable Library of the University was removed to the new hall. The number of volumes accumulated during eighty years exceeded six thousand. Many of these were of considerable value, being the gifts of benefactors. The Univer- sity Library is well worthy of a separate notice ; some of the works are rare and costly. In 1871 a curriculum for a course of engineering was intro- duced with good effect, and various changes made in the Arts course more in keeping with the times. But these efforts at improvement were rendered nugatory by laxity in discipline and neglect of statutes. The effect of this remissness may be gathered from the College returns. During the five years from 1859 to 1863 the number of ma- triculants reached seventy, with ten elective students. In the five years following, the matriculated students declined in num- ber to twenty-three, and the elective students to nine. So pal- Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 109 pablc was the deleterious effect on the College and the Church, tiiat a requisition was sent by three jjovernors to the Visitor in 1 871, re(iuesting his interference according to the statute defin- ing his duties. The visitation was duly held, and the Hoard of Governors subsequently passed a resolution thanking the gov- ernors who pressed for the visitation, which resolution was ordered to be recorded on their minutes. In the Bishop's charge delivered in Halifax, June 30, 1874, his Lordship said: " l-'or students preparing for Holy Orders, our College provides very nearly i-UEK BOARD as well as a FKKE KDUCATloN. . . . That we niust depend chiefly upon the College for a supply of duly trained clergymen is certain." Hut to these words the Hishop added truisms which can never be too often repeated : " It is not by keeping aloof from organizations good in themselves that abuses can be remedied, or improve- ments effected, but by taking an active part in them, and earn- ing an influence through the manifestation of an honest interest in their progress and success." These significant words, specially addressed to the clergy, and pointing out the fact that good is not to be attained by " keeping aloof from organizations," but by " manifesting an honest interest in their progress and suc- cess," and thus " earning an influence." have the right sort of ring in them, and should be echoed again and again. It will be seen farther on, that Bishop Binney's able successor repeated in a still stronger form of words, some fifteen years later, the same Churchman-like views. The Collegiate School. On Sept. 22, 1 87 1, the Collegiate School building was de- stroyed by fire. In 1876 the old Library in the College build- ing was used as a temporary school-room pending the erection of a new building. Curiously enough, after a period of eighty years, boys were taught in the rooms which had been used for a similar purpose in 1795. It was not until 1877 that the new building was completed. The entire cost, about $10,000, was defrayed by voluntary subscriptions above the insurance of $4,000, and two loans of $1,000 each from the Visitors' Fund, and a scholarship fund in the hands of the Governors. The reorgan- ized school was placed under the supervision of the President of the College, the head master being required to communicate I! ■* i no Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. through him to the Board of Governors. This regulation mate- rially increased the responsibility of the President, who now ex- ercised vital control over both institutions, according to the Statutes and regulations. If the President failed in his duty, both establishments were sure to suffer. The Collegiate School was the nursery of the College ; the ample savings from the annual exhibitions granted by the S. P. G. to the Collegiate School should have been continued at this time in the interest of the sons of the clergy^ and of the College, which was and is the " handmaid of the Church." The reason for this discontinuance has not been explained. With a view to cement the close connection betvyeen the School and the College, the head master is now ex officio a member of the College Board with reference to subjects re- quired for matriculation. It is the duty of the President of the College at the end of every Easter term to examine the whole School, with such assistants as may be selected by the Board of Governors. At the end of every term the bursar is to inspect the School premises, including dormitories and offices, and re- port to the President for the information of the Board. The register of the School, when filled, is to be returned to the regis- trar of the College. The head master, if in Holy Orders, " shall perform the office of chaplain in rotation, according to the ar- rangement of the President." The resident boys attend the Sunday services in the College chapel. These regulations give a tone and character to the Collegiate School which it is most desirable to maintain in the interests of the Church and of the College. Under recent able management the number of boarders in the Collegiate School exceeded forty. It cannot be doubted that a revival of the exhibitions properly assigned to the School would, under strict regulations, be beneficial to the clergy and advantageous to the College. The Collegiate School ought to train from ten to twelve boys annually for matriculation at the College, and continue, as it was always intended it should do, its efficient nursery. 1 For many years (1857 to 1870) the University Kalendar contained this an- nouncement: "There are, in connection with the School, six exhibitions, each/'is (S60) per annum, tenable for three years, to be given to the sons of clergymen, and to those who are designed for the ministry." I \ Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Change in the Presidency. Ill In 1875 the Rev. Dr. McCawlcy resigned the office of Presi- dent of the College, and his Grace the Archbishop of Canter- bury (Dr. A. C. Tait), by request of the Governors, selected the Rev. John Dart, M. A. Oxon., as his successor. The McCawlcy Scholarship was founded by subscription on the retirement of the late President, who enjoyed the esteem of numerous friends. During this year the Professor of Divinity — Dr. Hensley, a name honored and cherished by all who have been connected with the affairs of the University — issued a circular letter, with the concurrence of the Board, soliciting subscriptions to enable him to fit up the Library Hall in the new stone building presented to the University by the Alumni, for chapel services, " thus carry- ing out one of the objects for which the hall was originally in- tended." The sum asked for was speedily subscribed ; but early in 1876 the first portion of the funeral service was solemnized over the remains of him who had so long urged and worked for a suitable College chapel as a necessary adjunct to the College. Soon after his death it was determined to erect in his memory The Hensley Memorial Chapel. The Hensley Memorial Chapel was opened for service in 1878. It is constructed of stone, and attached to the main building by means of a corridor. This exceedingly neat and appropriate edifice supplied a want which had been felt from the first establishment of King's College. The greater portion of the cost ($14,000) was generously met by the late Edward Binney, a near relative of the Bishop. In 1 88 1 a new disturbance threatened the peace of King's College. The Bishop received a letter from the Provincial Secretary, asking whether the Board of Governors would be willing to "surrender the degree conferring power they now possess, and pass it over to a General Examining Body of a representative character, in which your College would be represented." ^ The Bishop, as President of the Board, replied "that they are unanimous in the opinion that being Trustees they are not in a position to surrender any of the privileges enjoyc' by the College under the royal charter as an University, with the right ' Minutes of the Board, March 9, 1881. !i 112 Kings College^ Windsor^ Nova Scotia. to judge of the qualifications of candidates for degrees, and to confer such degrees." This important recognition of the duties of the Board as Trustees, was but a repctiti n of the ah'cady strongly stated opinion of Chief-Justice Blowers and the Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury, that having accepted the Trust, by the accept- ance of office, the Governors are bound to " protect " and "promote" the "Trust" committed to their charge, not to " disturb " or destroy it. There were forty resident students in College this year, and out of these only three were paying fees for education. With such privileges at their disposal the duties of a Governor or Trustee involved great moral responsibilities. In 1 88 1 the government grant of $2,400 was withdrawn from all the Colleges in Nova Scotia. The effect on King's College was to cause the Alumni again to join with the Governors for the purpose of raising a new Endowment Fund of $40,000.1 The liishop in his address to the Synod in 1882 advocated the claims of the College in very strong terms. His Lordship said, " We shall be degraded in the sight of all men if, having received a good inheritance, we fail to preserve it." Among strong points urged by the Bishop in his address to the Synod, he deprecated the possibility that " the College would degenerate practically into a theological seminary, wherein the clergy would be trained apart from other students. This would be disastrous to them and to the whole community, which must suffer when the teachers are ignorant and unqualified, or trained to walk in a narrow path with limited views and sympathies." ^ In this address his Lordship gave marked encouragement to a subject of grave import to the College, and paved the way to a change in the Constitution of the Board of Governors which will be noticed in the proper place. M Canon passed by the Synod. At this session the Synod passed a canon for confirmation relating to Divinity students. Clause 3 of this canon reads as follows: "Every Divinity student shall be expected to pass a matriculation examination and to take a full Arts course, except in cases where an exemption is specially allowed by the Visitor." 1 Resolutions passed at the Annual Meeting of the Alumni, June 29, 1881. * Journal of the \bth Session of the Diocesan Synod of Nova Scotia, p. 52. Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 1 1 3 This provision would commend itself to every conscientious Churchman as a wise safeguard for the interests of the Church apart from the exemption clause. The Canon was confirmed in 1884. A slight alteration in the wording would remove the difficulty, and fully carry out the views of the Synod, which cannot be too highly commended. It was subsequently ascertained that the power of " exemption " is in direct opposition to Clause 6 of the Act of Incorporation, and also at variance with the prescribed duties of the Visitor as defined in the Statutes and as deter- mined by a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court in 1885 in another matter. It is a noteworthy fact in this relation, which ought not to be overlooked, that prior to the Synod's action in 1882, the Faculty of the College, under date Oct. 19, 1881, had transmitted to the Board of Governors a resolution protesting in strong and pointed language against Divinity students passing through the Col- lege without taking an Arts course. The Committee of the Board to whom tlic matter was referred expressed entire concur- rence with the Faculty, and thus established unanimity of views between the Governors, Faculty, and Synod, apart from the " exemption clause." Amendment in the Act of Incorporation. In April, 1883, an important amendment to the act to incor- porate the Governors of King's College was passed by the Legislature. By its provisions the number of the Governors was increased by two representatives from the Synod of the Diocese of Nova Scotia, one to be elected at each Biennial Session, and to hold office for four years. The same act empowered the Governors to increase their number as " soon as the Diocesan Synod of Frcdericton shall by resolution declare King's College at Windsor to be the College approved by said Synod for the edncation and training of the Divinity students of the Diocese of Fredericton, . . . one to be the Lord Bishop of Fredericton for the time being, who shall then be ex officio a Governor of King's College, and the remaining two to be elected from time to time by the Diocesan Synod of Fredericton. A like provision extends to the Diocesan Synod of Newfoundland, as far as concerns the election of two repre- sentatives in the governing body. \ :Si I'l' V 1 14 Kings College, Windsor y Nova Scotia. It cannot be doubted that these important changes in the constitution of King's College invested the institution with a responsibility and authority far exceeding its former status. It was now the accepted training school of the Church in Nova \u Scotia, and as soon as the Synod of New Brunswick declared i {:} its intention, the accepted training school of the Church in New Urunswick. This acceptance was signified in 1885, and delegates from the Synods of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are now members of the Board of Governors. At the annual meeting of the Alumni in 1883, resolutions were passed concerning the department of Modern Languages, which was the prelude to incidents and changes which have had a marked effect on the College. The professors' houses were destroyed by fire in June, 1884. Steps were immediately taken to rebuild them. In l^ishop Binney's opening address to the Synod of Nova Scotia in 1884, his Lordship spoke feelingly and pointedly in favor of the College, and advocated its claims with much earnestness and force. His Lordship said : " I look with increased anxiety on the condition of our College. I do not think it was ever in a more efficient state, and the tone and character of the students is highly commended by the residents of Windsor, who are sure to know if there is anything unsatisfactory amongst them." ^ Inconsistent Confederation again Proposed. These encouraging expressions of opinion were sadly counter- balanced by disputes and disorganization suddenly arising in the College, and extending from the Faculty to the students. Out- siders took the matter up, seizing the opportunity to revive the old cry of " Confederation with Dalhousie," which had troubled Bishop John Inglis so deeply. At a special meeting of the Board, held on April 23, 1885,3 resolution concerning the heads of arrangements for confedera- tion with Dalhousie College wa& actually passed. The Alumni, convened at Windsor, would not tolerate the change. Friends on all sides arose in consistent defence of the old institution. ' F'rom far-off England a letter was received in September from ' R. Roach, Esq., of Stoke-on-Trent, giving ;^500 sterling to the College on condition that it would not confederate with Dal- o I 1 Journal of the Seventeenth Session, 1884. n Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 1 1 5 housie. In the same month the Board received from the execu- tors of the late Rev. G. W. Hodgson the announcement that he had left his Hbrary to the College, and the reversion of the greater part of his property ($30,000). The steps taken to raise a new Endowment Fund were continued in both Provinces, and $ 16,000 paid in. The Alumni by a large majority expressed their opinions in words and actions, with so potent an effect that the outcome of the whole matter was the placing of the College on a firmer base than ever, always provided that unforeseen inherent weakness in those placed in positions of trust did not lead them to prove unfaithful to their calling, and neglectful of their covenants. The College disturbances noticed and the attempts at " con- federation " culminated not only in these marked exhibitions of confidence and love, but led to a radical change in the Faculty and in the conditions accompanying the tenure of office of each individual. The Death of Bishop Binney. With the death of Bishop Binney, which occurred on April 30, 1887, the connection between the Diocese and the Imperial Government ceased. His Lordship was the last Bishop of Nova Scotia appointed by the Crown. When the Rt. Rev. Hibbert Binney, D.D., came to Nova Scotia in 1851, he found King's College not merely languishing, but almost in a comatose condition. Its financial state was wretched. The governing body was composed of discordant religious elements, politically at variance. Its literary standing was openly sneered at, its discipline more than doubtful, its prospects gloomy in the extreme. Associating himself with the Alumni, as soon as freed from the incubus of political and religious discord, at the close of his life he left the University of King's College, elevated to the dignity of being the accepted handmaid of the Church in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Biunswick. ics staff had been more than doubled, its funds trebled, its ordained minis- ters swelled in numbers from seventy-nine to one hundred and ninety-eight. He had assisted in the transformation of an im- poverished institution, the legacy of half a century of misrule, into a vigorous and self-sustained establishment, capable of gath- ' Ir 1 !; 1< 'I , 1 1 1 6 Kings College^ Wi7idsor, Nova Scotia. ering around it, in time of need, hosts of tried and trusted friends. The Fifth Bishop of Nova Scotia. The Rt. Rev. Frederick Courteney, S.T.D., was consecrated 15ishop of Nova Scotia on S. Mark's Day, i888. His Lordship has already inaugurated some excellent changes in certain departments of the College and Collegiate School. On Feb. 7, 1889, it was resolved by the Board, with the con- sent of the Visitor, that the Divinity scholarships be limited to eight in number, two to be awarded each year and tenable for four years; that they be given to those only who pass the matriculation examination and take an Arts course; that the scholarships be forfeited on account of serious misconduct, or failure to keep terms, except through illness. On March 14, the Board assented to the canon on Divinity degrees as approved by the Committee of the Provincial Synod, Jan. II, 1889, and on Jan. 9, 1890, formally appointed " under the 3d section of the canon the whole Board of Examiners who have been individually nominated by their respective Colleges." This important movement establishes an intimate relation between all the Church Colleges in the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada with respect to the examinations for degrees in Divinity. It is a fitting and suggestive close to a century's work on the part of the University of King's College, which had been in existence for half a century before any of the other Church Colleges were established. This Examining Board now consists of the Bishop of Toronto, Chairman, appointed by the House of Bishops, and one repre- sentative from King's College, Windsor, N. S. ; Bishop's College, Lennoxville, P. Q. ; Trinity College, Toronto, Ont. ; Wycliffe Col- lege, Toronto, Ont. ; Theological College, Montreal, P. Q. ; and Huron College, London, Ont, respectively. The year (1889) witnessed too the establishment of a nucleus for the endowment of a professorship of modern lan- guages. Through the munificence of the Rev. J. J. S. Moun- tain, D. C. L., an Alumnus of the University, the sum of $3,000 was set apart for that purpose, and the chair was designated by the Board, . Kings College, Windsor^ Nova Scotia. 1 1 7 The Jacob Mountain Professorship of Modern Languages. A new residence was completed for the Professor of Divinity, thus enabling all the professors to have separate establishments within the limits of the University grounds. Additional accommodation was provided for the Library in the Convocation Hall. This valuable adjunct to the University now contains about nine thousand volumes, many of the books being rare copies of valuable works. The renovation of the exterior of the College building was completed, the Collegiate School building put in thorough repair, and preliminary work on the improvement of the College grounds commenced. Ac- cording to the University Kalcndar the funded property of the College amounted in all, at the close of the 99th year, to ^153,- 5 19.00, yielding an interest of $9,415.42. This amount does not include the ;^500 sterling so generously contributed by Mr. Roach, " nor the munificent contingent legacy of the late Rev. George W. Hodgson." It thus appears that the close of the first century of the Col- lege was distinguished by successful efforts to establish on a secure basis its material surroundings. The College began its checkered political life a century ago with one professor. It closes the hundredth year of its existence with six professors, three lecturers, and one tutor. Through- out this period, sometimes peaceful, sometimes stormy, always until of late years uncertain, it has ever remained true to the Church, and resisted all blandishments, threats, and commands directed toward alienation. In hoc signo vijico. It has gradually been united in closer bonds with the repre- sentatives of the Church through the Synods of the two Dio- ceses it now serves ; and so intimate is this relationship that in an appeal bearing the signatures of the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia, and the Most Reverend the Metropolitan of Canada, dated July, 1889, the whole matter was summed up in the following unequivocal words: — All who love their Church and their Country must, if they will but consider for a moment, recognize the fact that the best interests of BOTH IN THE FUTURE ARE BOUND UP WITH THE MAINTENANCE IN FULL EFFICIENCY OF KiNG'S COLLEGE. w I'll I ■ *j KlJ '' T ii8 Kings CollcgCy Windsor, Nova Scotia. It now remains to show in tabulated form the work of King's College in relation to the ClIURCH during the past century. TABLE I. Table showing in decades the number of clergymen of the Church of England trained in King's College, Windsor, since 1790. Decades. Number of Ordained At Present Serving in the Deceased, or Serving Clergymen. Diocese of Nova Scotia. in other Dioceses. 1 790-1800 7 — 7 i8oo-i8[o 4 _- ^ I810-1820 9 g 1820-1830 24 — 24 1830-1840 14 4 10 1840-1850 25 7 ig 1850-1860 25 6 19 1 860-1870 30 7 23 1870-1880 24 9 15 1880-1890 _39 23 17 Total 201 il 146 Attention is directed to the fourth column of this analysis, which shows how the funds of King's College have been used in providing clergymen for a vast extent of country now divided into separate Dioceses, and for carrying out the missionary character of the College as an auxiliary to the Church in other Provinces besides Nova Scotia. Churchmen will not lose sight of the encouragmg fact that the com- bined strength of the Dioceses of Nova Scotia and New Bnmswick is now represented by 125,000 members of the Church of England. TABLE n. Number of Clergymen trained in King's College serving in the Diocese of Fredericton. Number direct from the College, 1845 to 1890 27 Number migrated from the Diocese of Nova Scotia to the Diocese of Fredericton 12 Total ^ TABLE IIL Table showing the relation to King's College of the clerical members of the Special Synod of the Diocese of Nova Scotia assembled July 6, 1887, the centennial year of the Diocese. Clergymen from King's College, Windsor, — Degree Men 42 " " " Elective Students ... 10 Clergymen from other Colleges, — Degree Men 9 Clergymen from other Institutions, — without Degrees 36 97 _; Kings College^ Windsor, Nova Scotia. 1 1 9 SUMMARY. King's College, Windsor 52 Other Colleges and Institutions 45 Total 97 TABLE IV. DIOCESE OF NEW BRUNSWICK, 1887. Clergymen from King's College, Windsor, — Degree Men 17 " " Elective Students ... 6 Total 23 Number of Clergy in the Diocese, 75. Total number of King's College Clergymen in the two Dioceses, 75. Apart from the CllURCH WORK of the University, which forms the special subject of this mor. jgraph, there remains to be recorded the numbers of its members in Arts and Engineer- ing. The details properly form the subject of a separate notice, some of its graduates having attained positions of distinction and even of eminence. During the century, the following degrees have been con- ferred : — B.A B.A. {ad eundem') M.A M.A. {ad cundiiii') M.A. {Hon:) . . M.D. {ad eiindciii') B.D B.D. {ad eundent) . 327 4 116 13 13 5 IS I n.c.L 21 n.C.L. {ad enndevi) .... 2 D.C.L 19 D.C.L. {Hon:) 38 D.D 14 D.D. {Hon>^ 7 D.D. {ad eundcj/i) .... 2 Henry Youle Hind.