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MANUAL 
 
 <>i Tin, 
 
 FAMlLlE.s AXI) GKISKUA 
 
 «)K 
 
 North Amekican Dipti^ka 
 
 SKCOXI) KDITION 
 
 HKWUITTKX AM) KNLAKCiKD 
 
 BV 
 
 SAMUEL W. WILLISTOX 
 
 I>R()Kl:sS()|{ ,„• l-vr.KOXTOL.XiV ANI. anaiomv 
 IXIVlOKSirv (H- KANSAS 
 
 NEW HAVEN 
 .JAMES T. HATHAWAY 
 
 287 CROWN 8T. NEAR YALE COLLKGF 
 
 1 M!M1 
 
 Entomological Branch 
 
 DEPARTMENT Of AGRICULTURE 
 OTTAWA - - CANADA 
 
 mm^ 
 
Ivatercd :iccor(liiijf to Act of Congress, in the ycu- 1S96, 
 
 Bv JAMKS T. HATHAWAY, 
 
 In the ofilce of tlie I^ihiari.-in of Congress, at Washin'^on. 
 
 103 
 
 'iH»ilip.mfPHtH*t*mftHt*rfl9tmf^.H' 
 
.!j^jfi»ivi; 
 
 P R E F A (; K 
 
 Kii,'lit yoars ai,'o llic author of tlic pri'smt worl; juiblislu"! 
 a small voluint^ in wliit-li lit- att('iiiiilc(l to tal)tilat(' tlic laiuilifs 
 aiitl more imi)ortant i^MMu-ra of the Wiptfra of tin* rnitfd 
 vStatos. From tlu' use that has l»eeii maile of that work by 
 entomolo;^Mcal students, lie has been eneoiira;4e'l to believe 
 that the labor of its preparation was not in vain. The extra- 
 ordinary aetivity in the investigation of o\ir dipt('rolo,i,Meal 
 fauna within the past few years has. however, lar-'i'ly <lestroy- 
 ed its usefulness, and it is hoped that this new edition, or 
 rather this lU'w work, will jtrove as servin-able as has been 
 the former one. In the present work there has l)een an at- 
 tem])t to include all the j^enera now known from north (d' 
 South Ameriea. While the Central and West Indian faiuias 
 are preeminently of the South American type, thei'e are (h)ubt- 
 less many forms oecurrin;,' in the southern states th.it are at 
 present knowti only from more southern ret,dons. 
 
 In the preparation of the work the author has iieeii aith'd 
 by the examination, so far as he was aide, of extensive eol- 
 leetions from the West Indies and Central Ameriea submitted 
 to him for study by Dr. I). Sharp of <'aml)rid;4e. England. 
 and Messrs. (lodman and Salviu of London. to,i,M'ther with the 
 extensive collections of the University of Kansas and those 
 from Scmth America in the author's private cabinet, alto- 
 jj;etlier formiiii; ju'obably the lar<,'est collection oi AmericiiU 
 
■t^f'if^iiUi 
 
 IV 
 
 I'KKFACi;. 
 
 nipt.'iM rv.T hnu.^^l.t tu.^vMirr. For tl,,. .l.-s.Mipt io„s ..r tl... 
 .•arly st:.i;(.,s ivlian.... l.as ...M-.-ssurily Immmi ,.]ar.Ml ,.hi,.Hv upon 
 the n-ritin^s of Uraun-. As u-Jll h. s.-.n. ass.stanre has 
 been .leriv.-.l from tlu- u„rks of Srhinrr. Ost,.,, Sa.-k.M,, 
 Lo,MV. \Vul|, To\vr.s,.,..I a.i.i otlirrs. alrho,,,.-!, l.ut v.-rv f.-u- 
 ••rtlio \orth Ai.„'ricaH-,Mu.pa, ,,,i,i„ f,„„, ^,,,,^,. ^^j. ti„.'Tacl.- 
 iiiida' aiK Di'xiidai. arc unknown to the writer. 
 
 Tlie author owes his sincercst tlianks to l»rof. J. M. Ahlrieli 
 tor the family characters and tahh' of the J>oli,;hopo,li,ia. ; to 
 Prof. V. L. KcUog- for the paragraphs on the internal anat- 
 omy of Diptera; to l»rof. ,1. H. Sn.ith for kin,! favors; and to 
 I'rof. W. A. Snow for the table of the Ortalida'. 
 
 I-AwijKNci;, Kans., June 10, IH'.lfl. 
 
 roHHKiKXDA. 
 Vixgv viii, lino 0, for 'writer' rra.l student. 
 
 X, lino 10, for 'hcrnispliericai' rea.l splu-rical 
 
 xix, line o from bottom, for 'Cyc-lorrhapha' read Orthorrhapha 
 
 IS. l.ne.fromhotton,, insert not before 'forke.l' and delete' fron, 
 the tollowinjr Hik.. 
 
 •il. lino 4 fron. bottom, for 'anal eell elose.r read diseal eell open 
 
 •IV i:;;: U 7 ' -""T" '''""'^''"' ""' ■>— -^ <»^ten Saeken. 
 •>•», line 14, tor o read •!. 
 
 40, line I.I from bottom, insert flattened before •evlindriear and 
 three lines below, read 'tibia, with MP vi;ti.,>„f _ . 
 
 •>, last line, for 'Sihi'i.a () 
 
 or without spurs 
 
 i')H. line l;{, for 'OuTiKtMa 
 
 MYi.v, nom. nov.' read .\vi 
 
 KOMVIA WillistDI 
 
 OMVIA b'ondani. 
 
 HH, line 17 from bottom, for '(14' read 07 ; line fn 
 
 read 0"). 
 ft^, line 1.') from bottom, for 'K 
 
 1 read I'silociuus Loe' 
 
 om bottom for '07' 
 
 from bottom, for 'Sehizoph 
 140, line.-!, for 'with' read witlnuit. 
 
 umyida'' read llolonietopa ; line 11 
 
 ora read Kunividav 
 
r:f,;,^ii^i, 
 
 TABLE OK ('()NTK:sTS. 
 
 iN"n{(ti)i("i'i()\, . 
 ii'.ii.i. 
 
 Moutli-piirts, 
 
 Tlionix, 
 
 AltiioiiK'n, . 
 
 Cliii'totaxy, 
 
 Wings, 
 
 ItitiTriiil Anatomy, 
 
 ('olli'ftioii and I'n'siTvation of Dipt 
 
 Classification, .... 
 
 HIHMOCWAl'IIV 
 
 TAHLK OF FAMILIES, 
 
 ('KriDO.MVID.*;, . 
 
 .Mycktoi'hu.id.k, 
 
 Lii'oNKiMuii.i:, Hr.i:i'iiAi{<Ki;ifii».i;. 
 
 ("ri.R'ID.K, . 
 ClIlKO.VO.MID.K, . 
 OUPIINEI'HILID.I;, 
 
 I'sYciioinii.i:, 
 
 DiXID.K, 
 
 TiiTMit/j;, 
 HiiiioxiM.r;, 
 
 Sl.Mir.IID.K, 
 
 KiiviMiiD.i;, 
 
 StHATIO.MVIK.i.;, . 
 AcANTIlO.MKHin.K, 
 
 Taiianid.k, 
 AsiMo.i:, . 
 
 Al'IOOKniD.K, 
 NEMISTKINin.K, 
 MvhAID.K, . 
 
 Hum 
 
 llVM||»/lv 
 
 ra. 
 
 \ II 
 
 X 
 
 XIII 
 
 X \ 1 1 
 
 XIX 
 
 XX 
 
 XX 
 
 XXIII 
 
 X X V I 
 
 XXVIII 
 
 X \ X I 
 
 XXXIII 
 
 l.{ 
 
 10 
 20 
 
 2(; 
 2r. 
 
 28 
 2!» 
 
 ;w 
 
 40 
 41 
 44 
 40 
 40 
 02 
 i'M 
 
 n2 
 
VI 
 
 rAIil.K (tK CON TKNTS. 
 
 'riiKi{i:vii).i:, 
 
 SCKNOIIMD.I;, 
 
 A< i{(i(i;uii».];, 
 
 L<)N( lloi'TKKID.i;, 
 
 K.Mi'iiUD.i:, . 
 
 DOI.K IKH'ODIh.K, 
 
 SvKi'iiio.i:, . 
 CoNOi'iK.i;, . 
 I'lri NCI Liii.i:, 
 l'i,Arvi'i;/.ii».i;, 
 I'lioKii) i:, 
 
 Ml'SCIDKA, 
 H()nitoi;ii).i;, 
 AfiiiOM v/ii).i;, 
 Gko.mv/id.i;, 
 OstiNiD.i;, 
 DiiosiU'niMD.i:, 
 
 Kl'lIVDUID.K, 
 DlOl'SID.K. 
 
 SErsiD.i:, 
 
 -MlCUOl'K/ID.K, 
 
 i'sii.in.i;, 
 
 OltTAI.lD.K, . 
 TUYPKTID.K, 
 
 Sai'kom v/,ii).i:, 
 
 HlIOPAI.OMKUID.i:, 
 
 IIklomvzid.i;, 
 IIktkuonkiuiij.k, 
 sciomy/id.k, 
 Phvcodromid.k, . 
 
 ScATO.i.V/ID.K, 
 
 Antiiomyid.i:, 
 nKSTKin.i;, . 
 Sakcophacid.k, . 
 MisciD.i:, 
 TAriiiMi)^;, 
 Dkxud.k, 
 IIii'roBoscm.K, 
 NvcTKKYiiiin.i:, 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 70 
 
 7(1 
 
 !»l 
 
 ;»:; 
 
 <M 
 
 !t.') 
 
 !t(i 
 li»l 
 
 KM 
 KC) 
 1(17 
 lOS 
 III 
 ill 
 11:! 
 114 
 114 
 ll'.t 
 
 ii>;] 
 
 l-_'4 
 
 1-J.-. 
 iL>t; 
 
 127 
 
 12.S 
 128 
 
 i:!(i 
 
 1:58 
 
 140 
 
 144 
 
 144 
 
 lol 
 
 lo2 
 
 ir,o 
 
 '•it*f»ftif;f-tiipwn'i»i'iwrr'1il'ti'itfvi'rr'ii'r.<ttv'*tt:'i 
 
7u 
 
 7(1 
 HI 
 
 L\Tia)I)L'(JTlC)K 
 
 TiiK onU'v (.»■ t\v(.-wi„-,.,l insi'cts. kn,,wn us Hies or Dipt.-ra 
 includes nearly Icrty tl.uusan.l known species Iron, .lirtermt 
 regions of the world. Since many of the speeies are vrv small 
 or minute, and inconspicu.Mis, and as the order has ri-ceivcd 
 only a small share of the attention of collectors and students 
 there certainly remain very many more to be vet made known' 
 From North America not far from four tiiousand sju-cirs have 
 been studied, and we probably have as many more awaitin.^ 
 discovery. Our knowlcl.^^e of the dipterological fauna has 
 progressed with in.Mvased rapidity during tin- j.ast ten or 
 twenty years, but vast H.dds for profitable studv vet remain 
 open for the serious investigator. In Xorth Ai'nerica the 
 results to be obtained are almo/,t inexhaustible. Nearly every 
 family yet awaits the conscientious monograj.her. The des- 
 cription of new species is the much b-ss ^interesting of the 
 work to be (h)ne. and perhaps the less profitable. ^ At the 
 present time the rapidly increasing number of short papers 
 descriptive of new forms is rendering the determination of 
 species more and more dimcult. 
 
 To the student beginning the study of this interesting group 
 of insects, some words of advice or caution may be of "senice 
 The present work can make no pretensions to completeness 
 in the characterization of genera, and lie should never depend 
 upon mere tables in the absence of other information. Doubt 
 of the right generic location of a specimen may often be surest 
 dissipated by attempting to refer it to some species. Until the 
 student has accpiir.-d a sort of intuitive acrpiaintance with the 
 different families the work may be somewhat tedious, but by 
 
t,t*f^-H*- 
 
 1 
 
 VIII 
 
 INTKODrciIoN 
 
 jxTsevcraiicf he ciin not liiil td ()\ cicdiiif w li;iti'Vi'i' dlistaclcs 
 families and i^nuTa may pn'sciit. lit- will ln' very much 
 aided at tlio bt.'jfiTUiiii.':; liy having' a loleralily larije (Mjllrct ion 
 at liis command by which to make eomiiarisons. Dillicnlties 
 will often disapjx'ar with positive evidence licfore him, where 
 neirative characters are ]in//.lii „'. With ea(di ijfenns in a 
 family positively determiiu'd the dillicnlties and uncertainties 
 of others will gra<lnally disappear. 
 
 To determine his sj»ecies the stndent will need access to a 
 large nuiuher of [>apers, lists of whi(di to the present time will 
 be found in the catalogue of Osten Sacken. and on page 
 XXXI 11 of the i)resent work. There are a lew masters of dip- 
 terology, and tlu' stmlent will lu'ver err in considting their 
 writings, no uiatter upon what subjects they may be. Df 
 these I would especially nu'ution .Meigen, AViedt'inann, W'iw- 
 nertz, Loew, Schiner, Usten Sa(;ken. \Vuli)aiHl J^)rauer. Other 
 writers whose works are imlisj)ensable. but who are not to l»e 
 trusted as guides, are Desvoidy, .Mac(iuart, Walkei-, Komlani. 
 l>igot, etc. Of the contemporaiy writers whose works will 
 be found useful, and in most cases valuable, may be mentioned 
 Austen, Eaton, ^Meade and Verraii of England; liergenstamm, 
 Kowarz, Mik and Strobl of Austria ; lU'cker, Girscdmer. lioeder 
 and KuebsanuMi of Geimany ; Dziedzicki and S(dinabl of l*o- 
 land ; l^ezzi and Giglio-Tos of Italy; l^ergroth of Finland; 
 Skuse of Australia; tiie Lymdis of >>otith Anu'rica; Aldri(di, 
 lianks, Cofjuillett, Johnson, Scudder, .Sm)W, Town, "ml atid 
 Wheeler of this country. I'robably the most useful single 
 work that the student will find after Osten Sacken's Gatalogue 
 (Smithsonian Ins, 1.S7S) is Stdiiner's Fauna Austriaca. and 
 the most useful toreign ])eriodical the Wiener Entomologiscdie 
 Zeitung, of whi(di the accom})lished ]\Iik is one of the editors. 
 The Zo(>logical lieeord will be almost in(lisi)ensable in ascer- 
 taining what has betMi done during the i)ast thirty-six years. 
 For the beginner I would es])i'cially recommend Comstock's 
 Mantial lor use in conjunction with this work. 
 
 SfM**»»««C.Tf*«»'»tAt!««tr*««'S'»'t»«''»J^»n".»nR»-T»M*?»f»?J'. 
 
■ *:'*t^4fi»^*. 
 
 iNri;<»i)r( ri(,\ 
 
 i\ 
 
 I>i|!tri';i 111,1V alwavs In- 
 
 '' ivcn--iiiz,.,i l,v 111." j. ITS. Mil- of Lilt 
 '""' I'''"'"' ^^'"-■^: 'I"' ^•■'•'•n.i |.,W nl ntlirr lllSM.ts IS ivMlv 
 
 '•'■['■•.•si.nt..,i l.y w siiKiIl .,i-,n, ,.,i .•;;rli si, I,, lu,.., ,,| ,,,r ini",. 
 win-s. .•.,i,si>iin-.,l a short. s1,.,:i1it >t..iu will. ;, kii,,l,-l Jk,- t.,- 
 """^"'""- '•^'"•'•1 '1"' ''■■'It.Mvs .„• pni^.Ts. Tlirir Imirnon ,s 
 'i"t known: tlnit tliry liav,. son,., lunnioii sr-Miis riMiain. :,s 
 llicy aiv always in vii.i'at n-n ,iii,.ii,M- ijj,^],,. _\,,, .,]i ,||,.^ ,^^,^^ 
 win-.Ml: in siun." .l.--ra,:ru io,au>. Inali anion- tlir low.>t ami 
 lii.^lM'st -roniis of tl... on!,.r. il,..y may 1„. ..ntiivlv wantin-. as 
 :ilsn till- lialf ivs. S,.mrtim..s tli.' malr.s will ha'v.. win.^s ami 
 >'"■ f''iiial..s 1,.. wii,.;l..ss. Dm till- numiKM-of win-lrss to, nis 
 is very small. 
 
 In till- ;uli.Itsraf'tli.>lial.itsof Hi.'s an- vry various. .S,,nl.^ 
 
 1-ut not a vrry kn-v proportion, an- prnia.'.ous upon otl,..r 
 
 iiisrcts. suckiu- llirir jui.vs. S.-mr aiv wry anno\ in- t.. man 
 
 anil orii-r wanu-hloodr.l animals. siickinLT tii..ir Mo'imI ; ..f tli,.sr 
 
 may 1... imMiriiUHMJ th,. mos.piito.-s. l.lack-tli,.s. lior>r-(li..s. sla- 
 
 '•1<' anil In.rn tii.>s. tin. X<,.ty.v Hy. ..f,-.. as w.-ll as all tin- pupipara. 
 
 wliich aiv parasitic upon l-ir.is ami mammals. I'.v tar the 
 
 lai-..st nunil-cr of TiipKua. howcvi-r. Inil up.m ve-.taMc sub- 
 
 st.m.M.s, ..itiuM' trrsh or .l.cayin- tk,. p,,ll,.n ami Jmmh.v .,r 
 
 tlow<"rs. ..tc. Som.. I..,m1 upon onluiv am! .l.vayin- matrrial 
 
 nl whatever imturc it mav he. 
 
 In the larval sta-es. tlu- iaihits a..' y.-t more .liverse. Uriel' 
 '■'■tV-rences to the larval lial.its will 1„. louml in the lollowin- 
 I'a-es. Suffice here to say tiait the lai-er part an" v-ctahir 
 l''<'<i"i's. hut not a lew live upon .lecompi.sin- aniuuil matl.r. 
 <'!• m the livin- l,o,Ii,.s oi' oth.-r insects, snails, replih-s. hinls. 
 nnnunuils. etc. While some meml.ers of th.- .uder mav i)e 
 v.M-y annoyin- or prcjmlicial to mairs economv. tin- onler 
 npontlm whole, isa henejicial one. whether in'tla- kirval or 
 mature sta-es. whether as parasites upon other, ami injurious 
 or-anism. oi- as sca\-cn,n-ers. 
 
 In the lollowin- pa-..s 1 . ml. avor to -ive such .letinitions 
 "n<l .les,.ripti.,Ps,,l tk," matur.. ins.'ct as will . nal.l.. 1 h.- slu- 
 
'tigiifyi/S.'. 
 
 X 
 
 ixTKonrfTiox. 
 
 (lent to undev!jtaii(l and a])preciatp, not only the present ^vork, 
 but all other systematic ^vorks iii)on diptera. I have not 
 thought it desirable to consider at length many interest- 
 ing subjects connected with them, such as the internal anato- 
 my, embryology, etc., as being rather ajiart from the object of 
 the work, — an introduction or, aid to the study of systemati(^ 
 di{)terology. 
 
 HEAD. 
 
 The head in diptera is extremely variable in shape, reach- 
 ing its most remarkalde development in tlie Diopsida' and 
 Nycteribiidte. It is frefpieiitly more or less hemispherical, l)ut 
 more often the jiosterior surface or ocrljtiif, is flattened or 
 even concave, giving a more liemispherical form. Often it is 
 flattened and widened transversely as wide or wider than the 
 thorax. In the Xycteribiiihe it may be folded back into a 
 groove on the dorsum of the thorax, but with those exceptions, 
 it is always attached to the thorax by a freely movable neck. 
 Next to the wings, the head otters the most important cliar- 
 acters for classification. 
 
 Eyes. The large compound eyes are present in all diptera 
 save some I'upijjara. In the gn^it majority of males they are 
 contiguous on the upper side of the head for a greater or less 
 distance; in such cases the insects arc^ called liohiptic In 
 many males, however, (all the Acalyptratu' and several fami- 
 lies of the Orthorrhaj)ha. as well as in inimerous genera of 
 other families) and in all females Avitii but few exceptions 
 (some Acrocerida% Blepharoceriche. lUnnbyliida' and riatyi)e- 
 /idte, etc.) th(» eyes are separated more or less broadly by the 
 front; such inserts are called dir/ioptlr. Rarely tlie eyes may 
 be contiguous below the antenna' or both above and Ixdow 
 them, as in the Acroceridfe. In not a, few flies, esjH'cially 
 those of the aerial eremocluetous kinds, the u]»])er facets of the 
 eyes are larger and more cons])icuous than the lower ones, 
 sometimes separated by a distinct liiu\ or even entirely di- 
 vided. In tliese flies especiallv. the eves in life are often 
 
iXTi{()i)r( riox. 
 
 XI 
 
 brilliantly and bcautilnlly coloird with i^' 
 
 in; 
 
 irkinJ,^s. SoniPtinics the cnlar 
 
 rccn and jmrjdo 
 
 anterior portion and connnon tf) botl 
 The larger nunibiM- of Hies have rl 
 only when seen nnd<']' hig] 
 ever, tlie whole or part of tl 
 or hair, which alw 
 
 remeiit of tlie facets is on tli 
 1 sex»'s. as in the Asilida 
 
 le eves l)art'. (>r 
 
 pnlifscciit 
 
 1 nuiLTnitication. 
 
 erv olten. 
 
 hdw 
 
 le I'Ves IS r(iV( 
 
 IVS 
 
 ill 
 
 ■red with ei'ect pile 
 ids its greatest development in the 
 
 male sex. The ].il()sity may 1.' sparse or ,h-nse. short 
 Ore/li On the npper part of the licad. 1 
 
 ee simoh 
 
 I onnd eyes there are thi 
 
 diptera, and called the ocelli. Thev are 1 
 
 amoiiir 
 
 all tl 
 
 le gen(!ra of some fan 
 
 or long. 
 
 H'tween the coiii- 
 
 ple. snuill v\i'^. ). resent in most 
 
 >y no means constant 
 
 species of some genera. Th 
 
 or even among all rh 
 
 of a triaii'de wli 
 
 y are nsually situated in the I'orn 
 
 located in a neai'lv straiudit 1 
 
 os(> apex IS in front; sometii 
 
 nes thev 
 
 ii-e 
 
 one may be al)sent. and the other t 
 side close to the eomiiound eves. 
 
 ine transverselv, oi', the middh 
 
 wo situated oiu' oi 
 
 I eacli 
 
 .l/ifr>nnt: Xo other ori>'ans t 
 
 urnish so nuinv or so in: 
 
 l)ortant 
 
 eharacters in the elassiiication of the dij-tera as ,lo the anten- 
 
 na' or fetders, as thev have 1 
 
 l»er 
 
 shape 
 
 ind 
 
 leeu sometimes called. The 
 
 nnm- 
 
 speeitic and generic cl 
 
 arrangement cd' the joints offer, not (ud' 
 
 laraetei's. l)ut in 
 
 acters as well. Onlv in excei.tional 
 
 ^han thi 
 
 ee, and there mav 
 
 Through all the Cyj-lorrl 
 
 with th" exce])tion of the lMiori(he. and the 1 
 
 Nematoeorous Orthorrliai)ha tl 
 to sixteen, the first t^ 
 
 some eases fannly char- 
 cases is the nundier less 
 lie as many as thirty-six. it is sai(L 
 lapha the nund)er three is constant, 
 
 'npipnra. In the 
 
 le number is usuallv iron 
 
 1 ei'dit 
 
 are 
 
 ahvavs more o 
 
 wo of wideh b»rm the 
 
 r 1 
 
 s>-'i//i\ and which 
 
 ess ( 
 
 erentiate(l froiu the rcmaimh'r 
 
 which constitutes t\H^_t/af/f'//in)i. Osten Sacken ].,.. 
 to call tliose flies whi(di have the antenna- lor.- and 1 
 
 bearing whorls of haii 
 
 N 
 
 s, esjx'c 
 
 •iallv 
 
 las proposed 
 re([uentl\- 
 
 in the nml(>s, the / 
 
 oinatocera. in distinction i 
 
 f/ff 
 
 in which the anten 
 
 roin the aiKunnlotis Nematocera. 
 
 ai 
 
 TUB are shorter, destitute of whorls of 1 
 
 id vvitii the joints j)r:'ssed o,h)se together, rnon tl 
 
 Kill's 
 
 le antenm 
 
■ '-'tt.', illicit} 
 
 xn 
 
 xruoDrcTioN. 
 
 character alone, however, the t>rou]> can not !)(> satisfactorily 
 separated from the amnimloiis IJrachycera. in \vhich the anten- 
 na; are more usually three-jointed, with the tliird joint divided 
 into segments. Nor can the latter he clearly separated from 
 the tru>' lirnchycera. in wlileli the third joint is not annnlate-d. 
 Sometimes the third joint appears to reseiuhle that joint in 
 the ti'Ki' ]U-achycera, but will be found uj.on close insi)ection 
 to be composed of a number of closely united segments or 
 annvdi, and it is in these cases that the term nnHjih'.r is applied. 
 This character will be easily understood by examining the 
 third antennal joint of a common horse-fly. Either the com- 
 plex or the simide third joint may terminate in a bristle, 
 usually called an arista, or in a style, that is a more slender 
 portion, which is, however, not bristle-like. It is very evident 
 that both the style and the arista represent only the more (>'• 
 less attenuated distal joints of the flagellum, becai.se in all 
 cases a close examination will show them to be composed of 
 from two to five segments. The arista or style is frequently 
 entirely wanting in the ()rthorrhai)ha. but only rarely is it 
 atrophied among the C'yclorrhapha. The style is always ter- 
 minal, because it is less differentiated from the flagfdlum. but 
 ihe arista may be either terminal or dorsal, and it may be 
 inserted close to the base of the third joint. It is also evi- 
 dent here that the change of ])osition is more ap]>arent than 
 real, because it is in reality due to the greater develoi)ment 
 of the umler side of the third joint. In sonu' cases the third 
 joint has developed into nu st singular stnu-tures, as for t'x- 
 ample in Xi-orlKtiiiKi and lihiston-ni among the Stratiomyidu', 
 or Tiihiroccvit, SrlilxoturJiiini, Dlr/ionfti and Dhjlossixrva, 
 among the Tachinida'. 
 
 FrecpuMitly the arista has short hairs growing from its u])- 
 ])er and lower sides, in which cases it is called />ii/ir,srriit ; when 
 tlie hairs are longer and more feather-like, the arista is said 
 to be (,h(iiios,' : or, if the hairs are fewer and stronger, prrt',- 
 tiiifril. Tilt! jdumosity or ])ect,ination is always stronger on 
 the iip|)er side of the arista. 
 
'"'thiti^it^'^^ 
 
 
 IXTIJODrci'lON. 
 
 Xll 
 
 Front. The sp:i('.' between the .'xcs in all (liclioptic tiies. 
 limited hy the upper niar-in of the head and rhe line drawn 
 thr()u.L,di tlie ro^t of the antenna- is called the Irunt. It niav 
 be wide or narrow, excavated or convex, etc. 
 
 /V/'A',r. The ujipcrniost part of the front, near the niarn-in 
 of the occiput, which is here , -ailed the miiml nnn-i/ni. 
 
 Vrrfinil ti'hiiujJ,'. The trian-le at Uie upper part of the 
 liead. between the eyes in holoptic flics. It bears the oe.(dli, 
 whi(di when placed on a triangle indicated l)y grooves or de- 
 I)ressions is called the nrcl/dr frinn<ih\ 
 
 Front, il tr'nnifjie. In holoptic flies, the triangle betw(HMi 
 the eyes and the root of the anteniue, the a]»ex of which is 
 Jibove. 
 
 FfUhnnn. In the Cycl()rrhai)ha an inflatable organ cajiable 
 (»f l)eing thrust out through the frontal suture just above th.^ 
 root of the antenme. and which is used by the imago in s])ring- 
 mg off the eai)tothe puj)arium when about to extricate itself. 
 Frontal Itinnlc. An oval or cri'scentie s])ace just above the 
 root of the antenna" in Cy(dorrha].hous files, b(")unded by the 
 frontal sutuie. 
 
 Fpistoina or Frn'sfoma. The oial margin and an inih'finite 
 space imiui'diately contiguous thereto. 
 
 Jnfrnna/ f'.ref/. A groove or grooves in the middle of the 
 IV,ce, as though for the lodgment of the antenna-, bound.-d on 
 the sides by the /tn-iat ri,h/cs. 
 
 (7H'r/,'s. The si)ac.e back of the face ami below the eyes. 
 Or/u'ts. The sjjace immediately contiguous to the eyes, 
 sometimes indicated by structural characters, at other times 
 imleHnite. It is called facial, frontal, etc., from the position. 
 Ch/prns. A part of the mouth stru(-ture. often visible be- 
 low the margin of the mouth in front as a mon- (.r h-ss visor- 
 shaped piece. 
 
 MOITU-I'AIJIS. 
 
 The mouth-jiarts of diptera an- wholly suctorial. They 
 <liffer not a little in the different tli.-s. as'mighl be supposed 
 
XIV 
 
 INTIiODrCTIOX. 
 
 from the diverse habits. Jn some tliey are achipted for ]iiere- 
 iiig animal or veL,'eta\jh' sul)staiK;es and are, in consequence, 
 firmer and more sUnih'r: in otliers, and ))y far tlie .greater 
 number, tliey are adai)ted only for sucking' up juices oi' 
 such substances as may be dissolved by the aid of tlie saliva. 
 Grains of pollen have been observed in tlie di.i^estive organs 
 of the Syr})hiihe and other flower flies, ))ut, as a rule, fhiids 
 only serve as food. jMany have the proboscis wholly retrac- 
 tile into the oral cavitv. and furnished with one or even two 
 hinges, by which when at rest it nuiy be folded \'p. In others 
 the proboscis is not retra(;tile, and projects either in front, or 
 downward or backward, beneath the body. While it is usuallv 
 short, it may be much longer than the body. Finally a few 
 species have the mouth-] )arts rudimentary and take no nour- 
 ishment in the adult state. 
 
 As regards the different parts of which the mouth-organs 
 are comjjosed, there is a strong contention on the part of Prof. 
 John B. Smith that the homologies previously and generally 
 accepted by entomologists are not the correct ones. I have 
 followed his argunu^nts as carefully and as fully as 1 am al)le, 
 but I will not pretend to assert any authoritative opinion in 
 the nuitter, as that would presupi)ose a thorough acquaintance 
 with the mouth-structure in other insects than the diptera, 
 which I do not possess. 
 
 The more commonly acceptcMl homologies are as follows: 
 labium, nuixilhe, maxillary ])alj)i, mandibles, hy]ioi)harynx, 
 and labrum or labrum-epii)harynx. The labial palpi are 
 thought to be whollv wanting, or represented bv the labella. 
 The labium is always ])resent, more or less fleshy and provided 
 with muscles. It, is grooved or clianneled on the ui)i)er side 
 to receive the other ]>arts. with the exception of -lie palpi. 
 which are free. This sheath is often nearly completi^, the 
 thin margins touching each other above. At its t\[) are the 
 ]»air of joints of variable si/e called the "lips" or labella. 
 The mnxilhe and mandibh>s are sonu'times absent, the nuindi- 
 
 i 
 
 ■»»»»«»«.. 
 
IXTlJoDrCTION, 
 
 x^• 
 
 blf'S most fi-f^quently; wlipii present tlicy ure always slender 
 and tirm. The hypopharynx is unpaired and slender, .grooved 
 on the uj)per side and sometimes converted into a nearly eom- 
 ])lete tube. The labriim, also unj.aired, is usually elon-ate 
 and .Ljrooved on the under side, forniin,!,^ by apposition with 
 the ])harynx a eomplete tube. The mandihles are Ire.puMitly 
 absent; in tact I do not know oi' their oeeurreiice in anv tlies 
 with a simple third antennal joint, and they may l)e absent in 
 the male when present in the female, as in tJie Tabanida'. 
 They are always ])ierein<;' organs, thin. iirm. ehitinous aiul 
 usually slender. The two maxilhe, likewise pierein- or-ans. 
 find their hio-hest d<'veloi.ment in sueh ].redaee()us flies as the 
 AsilidiH. Like the numdibles they ar- ehitinous and slemler. 
 Jn some they are more or less flattened, and may have euri- 
 (msly sliaped projections at the tip ; usually they are brisrle- 
 like. They lie witli the maxilhe within tiie sheath of the 
 labium, at either side of the labrum and hypoi.harynx. In sonu' 
 cases the labi-um is short, and serves only as a'C(.ver for the 
 proximal ])art of th(> hypopharynx, but usually it is as lonn' as 
 <'!• longer than the hypopharynx and has a simple groove on 
 the under side. The hypoplmrynx is always present in Hies 
 in which the mouth-parts are functional. It is, nion- often a 
 .slender, tirm organ, grooved n])im the upper side. whi(di by 
 ai)position with the labr.m forms a, distinct tube. In sonu>, 
 however, it ma,y form almost a coini)lete tube in itstdf. 
 ^ Leaving out of account the d<\gra(hMK but highly sjMMMalized 
 l'ui)ij.ara. the labium is always a sheath for all tlu- other or- 
 gans except the palj)i, but is separable at the will of the ins.'ct. 
 It is not used in piercing; it is eitlier bent l)ackward in the 
 niiddh>. as in the mos(pr>o, or the ])iercing parts are thrust 
 out at the e.xtremity as in most of tlu" predaceous Hies. To 
 facilitate this protrusion of the ].iercing i)arts. the proximal 
 portion is )nore or h'ss membranous and retractile; or, the 
 inner organs may be capable of (dongation. being coiled 
 'ip in s,,m(> cases, as in l'aH,in,n<,, within the j.harvngeal 
 
XVI 
 
 iNIIJODlCriOX. 
 
 cavity. The pair of organs at \\w cxtrcinitv. tlic lips or la- 
 Ix'lla. arc very variable in shape, position and function, in 
 tlio inoS(piito, for instance, they serve iiicrcly as a pair of 
 finirers to iruide the i)iercin''' iiarts. In nianv of the tjowei-- 
 flies with lon.i^' proboscis, they are small, oval, divaricable 
 ()r<,^xns, that seem to l)e cliicHy sense-organs, as they are 
 usually ])i'ovi(le(l witli hairs inserted into small, semi-translu- 
 cent spots on the outer sides and nuiryins. in the s^reatcr 
 number of flies, however, the labella are of considerable si/c. 
 and are provided with radiatin;^' ridj^es on the iinu'r. opposable 
 sides. These iiseudotrachea'. as they are called, serve as means 
 of attrition, by which tlie insects rub off particles of food 
 from Mrm substtinces. Sometiuu'S the labidla are Ioul;; and 
 slender and folded back under the labium when at rest. In 
 the Asilida' and sonu' others, they are rigid and horny. 
 
 Perhaps the most imjiortant of all the m()uth-i)arts, from 
 the systematic stand[)oint. are the maxillary ])ali)i. Tliey are 
 always inserted at the inferior basal i)art oi the proboscis, on 
 a thin plat(> wliich bears tlie maxilhe, and are always extri- 
 cated. Their study has been much neglected, and doubtless 
 thorough comparative researches will reveal not a few charac- 
 ters of value in (dassificition. They are variously described as 
 being composed of from one to live joints. Probably there 
 is never more than four articulated joints, th(> basal joint 
 being merely a process of the plate bearing the maxilhe. 
 The tendency in diptera is toward their entire loss, and in the 
 most highly specialized families there is never more than one 
 articulated joint. Thev may be reduced to the merest rudi- 
 ments, even in flies whicdi are more or less i)redaceous in ^ ab- 
 its and wliich have the mouth-]tarts with the excei)tion of the 
 mandibles, otherwise well-develoi)(Ml. They are never greatly 
 (dongated, save among some of the Xematocera. 
 
 Without going into Pi of. Smith's arguments, he shows with 
 what seems to be much force, that the I'cal homologies of thi' 
 dipterous moulli-[>ai'ts are as follows: 
 
 1 
 

 INTIJODICTION. 
 
 xvir 
 
 Labruni. . 
 
 Ilypypliarynx. 
 
 Mandihlos. 
 
 Mii.xillio. 
 
 Maxillary palpi. 
 
 Laltium. 
 
 I'araylossa. 
 
 M^iiia. 
 
 Lacinia. 
 
 I'alpiftTs. 
 
 Maxillary palpi. 
 
 (talca. 
 
 TIlOItAX. 
 
 Tlie thorax is composed, as in otlier insects, of tlire(> parts, 
 tlie y>;v>tliorax, the 7M('.s7;-thorax and tlie mefo-thoviw, but tlie 
 first and the hist arc so abort, d as to present Imt few ana- 
 tonii(;al cnaracters. The prothorax is perhaps most readily 
 distinguislied in the Ncmatocerous flics, formin- a rounded 
 ro//ar l)ack of the n.M-k. The metathorax is not se.'u at all 
 from above; the .satfellum. cut off by an impressed line, usu- 
 ally a semi-oval body, really belon-s to the mesothorax, the 
 dorsum of which is often called the nn-sonofiiin. 
 
 Transm-se siffure, an impressed line usually running 
 straight across the mesonotum and terminating a little in front 
 of tlie root of the wings. It is mor.' or less incomplete in 
 the middle. 
 
 HumrrKs or humeral raJh,.^ the anterior superior angles of 
 the mesothorax, usually a more or less rounded callus. ' 
 
 Post-alar ra/hts, a more or less distinct rounded sw.dling. 
 situated between the root of the wing and the scutellum. 
 
 Pre-alar m/las, a similar, but usually less prominent, pro- 
 jection situated liefore the root of the wings on the sides of the 
 inesonotum, just back of the outer emls of the transverse suture. 
 
 Scufellar hrUhje, a snuiU ridge on either side of the scutel- 
 lum, connecting it with the mesonotum. 
 
 Pn'sufarul drpression, a depression, usually triangular in 
 shape, at the outer emls of the transverse suture, near the 
 dorsopleural suture. 
 
 Supra-alar f/roorr, a groove on the mesothorax immediately 
 above the root of the wings, along the inner margin of whic'h 
 there are, usually, characteristic bristles. 
 
xvm 
 
 IN'I'HODrCriON. 
 
 
 DiH-sup/t'itrn/ stffiirr, the sutiu-' running; Iroiu tlic huiiiorus to 
 the root of tlic wiu'^'s, scparatiiiLj the inesoiiotum from the 
 ])leura. .Mik ]»r(.»{)o.s('.s for it tlic ratlicr more ajipropriate term 
 
 oi /lofit/i/riii'tf/ Slitiiri'. 
 
 Strnidpleitrol siitiin-, the suture l)eh)\v the (h)rso]>h'ural 
 suture, nearly iJaraUel with it and s<'i)arating the nu'soiJeura 
 from the steruoi)k'ura. 
 
 sMcsopliiiirdl sKfiire, tlie suture ruiiniui^' from the root of the 
 wini^s downward and sei>aratinL,^ the mesoph'ura from tlie 
 pterophnira. 
 
 Mt'sojt/rin'K, tlie space situated in front of the root of the 
 winiics, between the dorsojdeural and sternopleural sutures. 
 
 l'fcr(>i>leui'<i, situated below the root of tlie wings, baek of 
 the mesopleural suture. 
 
 Sfrnid/t/ritni, the lower j)art of the ]>leura, bidow the sterno- 
 pleural suture and abovt' the front eoxu'. 
 
 IIi//)(>j)leiin(, the space over the middle and hind eoxie, be- 
 low the metapleura and {)teroi)leura. 
 
 MetaftJrin'u, t\w «' sides of the metanotum", a more or less 
 swollen space at the outside of the metanotum and ln'tween it 
 and the pteropleura and hypopleura. 
 
 AfctduntuHi, the oval, arched portion behind, beneath the 
 scutellum. It is frecpiently the best developed in the Hies 
 with long, slender abdomen, as the Ti[)ulidte. 
 
 Ildltt'vi's, balancers or poisers, rudimentary ])osterior wings, 
 a slender organ with a dilated head, situated below eatdi 
 metapleura. 
 
 Tei/ubt' or d/ii/a', a i)air of nuMubranous scales situated 
 above the halteres and back of the root of the wings, one 
 above the other. The lower one or both may be rudimentary 
 or absent; the u))[)ev one nujves with the wings and is called 
 tlie antitegula by Osten Sacken. Comstoek, however, objects 
 to this use of tegula, saying that the term was first useil 
 for the cui)-like scale above the root of the wing in certain 
 hynu-'iu)ptera. and shcmld be reserved lor that organ. 
 
 i , ■! '.i 
 
INTlJODrCTloX 
 
 XIX 
 
 LK(;s. 
 Tlie three puirs of legs arc attuclicd to tho prothonix, iiioso- 
 tliorax and metatliorax, and arc called. rcs])cctivcly the front, 
 middle and liind pairs. Wiicn the front and middle i)airs are 
 spoken of together they should be called, for the sake of ex- 
 actness, the anterior legs; wh i the middle and hind ]>airs 
 are collectively meant, tiie posterior legs. The legs are com- 
 I)Osed of five parts: 
 
 Cit.i'd. the part attaching the legs ])roper to the thorax. 
 Trorhdntei', the short, small, ring-like portion lu'tween t!ie 
 femur and coxa. 
 
 Fi'iinir, almost invariably the longest and stoutest portion 
 of the legs, often provided with tul)ercles. spines or projec- 
 tions or sometimes gr 'atly thickened ; usually slender. 
 
 Tlhid, the next pare succeeding the femur, iind like it often 
 with various ornamenttitions or })r(»jections. When it ter- 
 minates in one or more distinct, short bristly spines, it is 
 said to be spurred. 
 
 Tfu-sKs, the distal division of the legs, comixised (exccjit in 
 some abnormal forms) of five joints, of which the first, that 
 lu^xt to the tibia, is called the metatarsus. On the terminal, 
 (U- fifth joint, are the 
 
 rnt/ui's or citnrs, usually two, curved moval)le booklets on 
 the umler side of the last tarsal joint, at the base of which 
 below, are a pair of 
 
 rulrilJl, two i)ad-like, fleshy cushions attached to the last 
 joint of the tarsus below the claws, usually i)resent. but olten 
 absent among the Orthorrhai)lia and often much larger and 
 better developed in the male than the female, lietween them, 
 among a number of the families of the Cyclorrliai)ha, is the 
 
 J'Jinpodlnni, a median aiii)endage on the under side of and 
 between the claws, either in the form of a pad, like the i)ul- 
 villi, when it is called jmlvilliform, or like a bristle or spine; 
 rarely it is alone present and the pulvilli wanting. 
 
XX 
 
 INTHODICTION. 
 
 AISDOMKN. 
 
 The abdomen is coniposed of ;i v;uial>l<' iiumbcr of s(\ii:inf'nts. 
 more or l(\ss closely fused togetlicM". The normal mimher for 
 insects, nine, are r;ir(dy all visii)le (the Tipulida' are exam- 
 ples). They are counted from the base on the upper side. In 
 not a few cases the first two are so (dosely fused together, and 
 the first one abbreviated, that the nonuMudature leaves some 
 doubt in tiie mind of tlie student. Tlie uj)per jiai't of the ab- 
 donnMi may be esi)e(dally indicated by the word ihn-stiin, but 
 in general, the reiitiT or under part is alone thus contradistin- 
 guished. The male genitalia, whitdi in many cases are of 
 complicated structure, and of nnich value in classification, are 
 known collectively as tiie liopoinj^junit, though IJergroth has 
 ])roposed the name projii/'iium for them. The on'jiositoroi the 
 female abdomen very fre(piently projects from the abdomen, 
 and is sometimes extremely long; its structure is oftiMi char- 
 acteristics of geiu'ra or families. The more detailed descrij)- 
 tion of .lie parts of both these organs it is unnecessary to go 
 into here; they may be studied in the different families, where 
 they often find useful application in tlie sejjaration of sj)ecies. 
 
 cii/i:tota.\v. 
 
 Until within recent vears but little attentitm had been j)aid 
 by writers on systematic dipterology to the nund)er and ar- 
 rangement of the bristles among flies. Osten Sacken, who 
 proposed the term cltii'totaxif, to designate the .■icience of their 
 arrangement, published an e])ochmaking paper on the subject 
 in ISSI. Since that time their use has steadily increased 
 with the most hap])y results. That they will become more 
 and more useful as their study in different families ])rogresses, 
 there can seem to be no doubt. For that reason, it behooves 
 the student to become familiar with tlie nomenclature already 
 in use. The following are the most im])ortant terms : 
 
 Cki'IIamc Hkisti.ks. 
 
 I'l'i-tinil. two pairs, inner and outer, inserted more or less 
 
 M 
 
IXTKHDrcTION. 
 
 \ X I 
 
 hcliiiid the upper iiiul iimcr corii'V of the t-yc, civet, or tlie 
 iiiiH'i- jiair coiivt'i^m'ut, tlir outrr paii' (livci-Lrciit. 
 
 I'nsfrrrf'ii-(il, in the middle u[ the upi)er part oT tiie oeeiput. 
 mcneraily small or ahseiit. 
 
 (h;ll,n\ situated (dose to tlie oetdli, usually directed I'oi'- 
 wiird ; often absent. 
 
 Fnnifo-orhitdl bristles, placed on (>ach side of the front, near 
 the orbit, immediately below the vertical bristles. There 
 may l»e oww two or none on caeh side. 
 
 Loirt'r friHitn-orh'ttiil, situated on the lower parted' the front, 
 above the antcniue, alonj; the orl)it. and not (juite in liiu' with 
 the fronto-orbital l)ristles. They are not of frc(|uent occur- 
 rence. 
 
 I'ihrissii, a stout bristle situated near the oral margin on 
 ea(di side. Of imi)ortant use in the (dassitication of the 
 A(;alyptrat{e. 
 
 Fiir'tiil, A series of bristles on either side of the middle por- 
 tion of the face, above the vibrissas esi)ecially conspicuous 
 anu)ng many genera of the Tachinida'. but usually absent in 
 tlie Acalyptratie. 
 
 TlIOUACIC 1)(»|{SAI, nuiSTI.KS. 
 
 llumi'i'fil, om^ or nu)re bristles inserted on the humeral 
 callus. 
 
 I'nst-hinin>j-nJ, usually two. inserted immediately above the 
 dorso-jdeural suture, between the humeral eallus and the root 
 of the wing, on the i)ottom of the jire-sutural depression. 
 
 I'rc-siitiinil. one or more bri.Ntles situated immediately in 
 front of the transverse suture, above the i)re-sutural depression. 
 
 Stiprd-tilu,', usually three l)risth"S. one on the ])ost-alar cal- 
 lus, one on tiu^ alar freuum and tlu' dnrd in iront of the second 
 on the edge of the sui)ra-alar depression. 
 
 Intni-dlar, a row of two or three bristles between the supra- 
 alar grouj) and the dorso-central bristle^". 
 
 DorHo-reiifrol, two or four longitudinal rows on the inner 
 part of the dorsum, sometimes represent by the 
 
XXII 
 
 INTKODrCTIOX. 
 
 Pri'sriifilhir, a traiisvorso rf)\v of l)ristl(\s in front of the 
 scutcllum. 
 
 I i . 
 
 TllOKACIC I'MCrKAr, I'UISTI-KS. 
 
 Prnphiiinil, bristU's inserted immediately above the front 
 cox;e. 
 
 jlfi'so/jlen/'(iI, bristles inserted on the mesoi)leurie, in the 
 angle formed by the dorso-pleural and mesopleural sutures. 
 
 Sferno/zfeiini/, one or several bristles situated on the sterno- 
 pleura, below the sternopleural suture. 
 
 FteropleurdI, bristles inserted on the pteropleune. rarely 
 present and ditticult to distinguish. 
 
 Mi'fapli'urdl, bristles inserted on the metapleura;, espeeially 
 conspicuous in the Asiliihe, and named by Lynch the 
 
 Tn'rhosfmt/ bristles, a fan-like row on the meta})leura', con- 
 spicuous in some families. 
 
 Hi/popli'iirnJ bristles, a row or tuft of bristles on the hypo- 
 I)leura, occurring in the Calyi)trata'. 
 
 Abdominal Rristi.ks. 
 
 Marfjinal bristles, bristles inserted on the j)OSterior marucin 
 of the segments, especially conspicuous in many Tachinidu'. 
 
 Dlscdl bristles, bristles, usually one or more pairs, inserted 
 on the middle of the segments before the hind margin. 
 
 Lateral bristles, one or more bristles situated on or near 
 the lateral margins of the segments. 
 
 In addition, a number of terms are used to designate the 
 inclination of the bristles, often important in describing the 
 cephalic bristles. The more important of these are erect, when 
 standing vertically, or nearly so; proel'mate, when directed 
 forward; rerHnate, when directed backward; dlrarkate or 
 di(!er(jent when directed outward from the middle line ; con- 
 rer(/eiit when directed inwardly ; dentssate or mirlatf when 
 crossing each other. 
 
lNTl{(H)r( "IION. 
 
 X X 1 1 1 
 
 I'ront 
 
 \VIN<iS. 
 
 To titulerstaiid lln' iniirdfloii or rrn,'f')i,,\ df tlic winus t lie 
 
 student may select a eoiinuon lar.Lre li(»ise-llv (TahaiiiiLe). 
 
 Observe Ileal' the middle of rlie wiii;^' directed t raiisverstd \ . a 
 
 large, oblong, five or six siiled e(dl. surrounded on all sides liv 
 
 other oells. This is the (Hsnil ccdl and is jiresent in lu'arlv 
 
 all flies. Somewhere on the vidn (fourth loiniitinlinul). that 
 
 hounds this cell in front, will he seen a short conneetiiiL,'' vein. 
 
 directed anteriorly, the mifi-rlnr or siiml! rrnss-n'm. wl:i(di 
 
 affords, in most cases, a key to tlie iieuratioii. no matter how 
 
 intricate. It always connects the foui'th longitudinal vein 
 
 behind witli tiie third longitudinal vein in Iroiit (in a few rare 
 
 cises the second longitudinal vein); the ctdl l)ehinii it is the 
 
 discal. in front, between the second and third loiigitmlinal 
 
 veins, the mihimi i'<i'ninl ; on the outer side the Jirst imsfrrin- : 
 
 on the inner side t\\i\tirsf hnsni. Just l)a(d< of the first basal 
 
 cell and separated from it by the fourth longitudinal vein, is 
 
 the second hnsaJ n'lJ : l)ack of the si'cond basal ami se]»arated 
 
 by the fifth longitudinal vtdu. is the third basal or (i/m/ crll. 
 
 JJaek of th<> aiuil cell and iiKduding the free posterior proximal 
 
 l)ortion of the wing is the axUhn'ii crll. In the horse-Hv the 
 
 anal cell is seen to run back oltli(piely to near the posterior 
 
 margin of the wing, where it termiiuites acut<dy. that is. the 
 
 anal c(dl is closed near the border of the wing; should the 
 
 two veins that clos;' it run se])ai'ately into the margin of the 
 
 wing, then the cell is said to lie open. Counting from the 
 
 third longitudinal v(Mn (posterior branch) backward along the 
 
 l)Osterior bordt-r of the wing, to the vein that closes the aiuil 
 
 cell outwardly, the student will count five different cells, the 
 
 first of which, as already said, borders on the first basal e(dl. 
 
 the second and third on the discal cell, the lourth on the 
 
 discal and second basal cell, and the fifth on the second basal 
 
 and anal cells; these cells are called the j,nst,r}nr rrlls. and 
 
 are numbered from before back: the first is bounded by the 
 
 third and fourth longitudimil and the anterior cross-vein : the 
 
XXIV 
 
 IXTliODUCTION. 
 
 second by the fourth longitudiTial in front, the anterior inter- 
 cahary vein behind, and the posterior cross-vein at the outer 
 side of the discal cell ; the third is bounded by the anterior 
 intercalary, and the fifth longitudinal vein and the posterior 
 cross-vein; the fourtli is bounded by the iifth longitudinal 
 vein in front and the posterior intercalary vein behind ; the 
 fifth by the posterior intercalary, the fifth longitudinal at the 
 outer end of the second basal cell, and the posterior hasal rross- 
 re'in at the outer end of the anal cell. The short vein which 
 separates the second basal cell from the discal cell is known 
 as the anh'rlor hasid cross-ve'm. Now, following the third 
 longitudinal vein outwardly it will be found to give off an an- 
 terior branch whicli runs forward to terminate in the anterior 
 border of .the wing, or ro.sYf/ ; the cell included between this 
 fork and the vein itself behind is the scvond si/hmarf/lnal rrll. 
 The second longitudinal vein borders the first subnuarginal 
 cell in front and terminates in the costa; between it and the 
 first longitudinal vein which has a similar course and termi- 
 nation is the vmr'jinal cell ; between the first longitudinal 
 vein and the costa there is another parallel vein with nar- 
 row cells on each side of it, the vein is the (ni.rill<tri/, and tlie 
 cell before it the costal, behind it the KubcotytuJ. Finally, ne;ir 
 the root of the wing there is a short cross-vein connecting the 
 auxiliary vein with the costa; it is known as the humrr<il 
 cross-rriii. 
 
 The student is urged to i»vocure a cojty of Comstock's IMan- 
 ual of Insects for use in coniu'ction with this work. The 
 figures there given of the various parts of the exteinal anato- 
 my of di])tera and especially of the neuration, are the truest 
 to nature that I have ever seen. The nomenclature of the 
 wing-neuration there adopted, or some modihcation of it, is 
 destined to supplant the Meigenian or Schinerian terjuinolo- 
 gies now almost exclusively used. I have not adopted it in 
 this work for two reasons : first, that it has not vet been fidly 
 
iNTii(H)r('Ti()N. 
 
 XXV 
 
 or inter- 
 le outer 
 anterior 
 )Osterior 
 itudinal 
 lul; the 
 il at the 
 \(d cross- 
 u which 
 5 known 
 le third 
 ft' an an- 
 anterior 
 pen this 
 'nal rc/L 
 iiarginal 
 and tlie 
 d ternii- 
 ;itudiniil 
 ith nar- 
 and tli(^ 
 lly, near 
 'tinj^' the 
 
 !v*s jNIan- 
 k. The 
 il anato- 
 le truest 
 e oi' the 
 of it, is 
 rminolo- 
 :ed it in 
 een fullv 
 
 J 
 
 '■•■ 
 
 crvstallized into a permanent sliape ; second, because nearly- 
 all the existing literature has the nomenclature here employed 
 and to use a new out- would largely defeat tlie object of the 
 work in thehamls of the i)egiiiner. 1 give below the ter- 
 minology used by Coiustock, together with the Cfjuivalent 
 terms here used and the e([uivalent ones in the terminologv 
 of Schiner, for the horsi'-Hv. 
 
 Auxiliary vt'iii 
 
 II 
 
 Mediastinal 
 
 First l()ii{,ntu(liiiiil . 
 
 nil 
 
 Subcostal 
 
 Si'coih! longitudinal 
 
 i!i-_>,.*; . 
 
 Ka.lial 
 
 Tliinl loiijjitudiiial . 
 
 iii.j 
 
 Cubital 
 
 Fourtli l()n<rituilinal 
 
 Vl' 
 
 Discoidal 
 
 Fifth lonjritiKiiiial . 
 
 v;! 
 
 I'ostical 
 
 Sixth loriuitudiiial . 
 
 IX 
 
 Anal 
 
 Anterior hrant-h of thin! 
 
 vein 1 114 
 
 
 Anterior intiTcalary 
 
 Vli 
 
 
 I'osterior intercalary 
 
 VIII 
 
 
 Costal cell 
 
 •Judl 
 
 Costal 
 
 Subcostal cell . 
 
 II 
 
 .Me(iiastinal 
 
 Maru'inal cell . 
 
 nil 
 
 Subcostal 
 
 First sul)niar,uinal cell 
 
 in:; 
 
 Cubital 
 
 Second suhmaruiiial cell 
 
 nit 
 
 
 First basal cell 
 
 L'ndin 
 
 
 Second basal cell 
 
 \' 
 
 
 Anal cell 
 
 vin 
 
 
 Axillary cell . 
 
 IX 
 
 
 First posterior cell . 
 
 IIIo 
 
 
 Second i)()sterior cell 
 
 VI 
 
 
 Third posterior cell 
 
 •ImW-l 
 
 
 Fourth i)osterior cell 
 
 \:\ 
 
 
 Fit'th posterior cell . 
 
 VIII 
 
 
 Discal vvW 
 
 lstVL> 
 
 
 Flies differ very much in the nature of tjicir covering. 
 Many are nearly or (piitc bare; otiiers have a thick, woolly 
 covering of (dosely set, long liiu' hair; while others still have 
 an abunihmt covering of h.ng stout, heavy bristles ov „>,„■,;,- 
 <-li<rf,i: Undoubtedly the kind of covering lias much ivlation 
 
 
XXVI 
 
 IXrUODUCTlON. 
 
 witl. the liabits of the iiuiture insects, yet just what tiie rehi- 
 tions are is not yet well understood. Osten Saeken lias ob- 
 served that the eremoeluetous Hies (i. e. diptera in winch 
 there is a general absence of bristles, as for example the 
 Stratioiuyidoe, LepticUe, ami Tabanida^) are for the most part 
 holoptic in the male sex and at the same time are principally 
 aerial tlies, flying swiftly and with the liabit of hovering, 
 using their legs oidy for alighting. On the contrary the 
 cluetophorous flies (as the Muscidcb, sens, lat., Thorida', Doli- 
 chopodida^, AsilidcC, etc.) use tiieir legs as much as, sometimi^s 
 nu)re, than the wings for locomotion, and rarely have the eyes 
 contiguous in the male sex. Probably the development of the 
 macrochteta^ reaches its highest extent among the Tachinida-, 
 as for instance in Ih'jeania, Saunders la, etc., and the Dexiida^ 
 (Ili/sfrlsljihona, etc.), where the abdomen may be almf)st 
 wholly covered with long and erect, very rigid spines. 
 
 As concerns other forms of covering, the usage of writers 
 is not very exact; the terms /itiii: jii/c piilx'sn'iice and tnmen- 
 titm, are used with a wide degree of latitude. In general, how- 
 ever, pile should be restri(^ted to indicate close, thickly s''t, 
 flue hair, as in the pile of velvet, while hair may mean longer. 
 and less abundant. Pubescence should mean very short, tine 
 hairs, while tomentum can only be correctly ai)plied to recum- 
 bent, flattened scale-like or stubble-like hairs, whicdi gradually 
 merge into dn.st or pollen, which is so generally present in 
 flies, and upon wliich the determination of nuiny species must 
 largely de])en(l. 
 
 I X T K H X . V T. A X A T O M V . 
 
 For the following brief accdunt of the internal anatomy of 
 Diptera I am imlebted to Prof. V. L. Kellogg. 
 
 The special features of the internal structure of the l)ii)t(M'a 
 are the high degree of comnuitration of the nervous system 
 attained in some of the members of the order, the expansion 
 of the two main tracheal trunks in the base of the abdomen 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^ \ 
 
INTKODICTIOX. 
 
 X X \' 1 1 
 
 to form air sans, tlio presence of a sucking stomacli as in tli(> 
 Le|)i(lo])tera, tlie constant number (lour, rarely live) of the 
 ]\[alp]iigian tubes, aiul the aljseuce of ;i l,iit'!«i mpulntr'tx in the 
 females. 
 
 The alimentary canal presents behind the (esophagus an 
 expansion which is a crop or sucking stomach. The ventri- 
 culus, or true stomach, lying behind it, has usually two ('(eca; 
 and the long, slender, .Malpighiaii vessels are, in almost all 
 S[)ecies, four in number, a surprising constancy compared with 
 the condition in other groups of si)ecialized insects. The ves- 
 sels open singly into the alimentary canal in some flies and in 
 others they unite in piiirs before reaching the canal and open 
 into it by two ducts. 
 
 The lieart is of the usual type, with two chambers in the 
 more si)ecialized families, owing to the concentration of the 
 body. In the larva of Corcthra the heart is a simple, elongate 
 tube without cliambers. 
 
 The two main tracheal trunks expand at the base of tlie 
 abdomen into conspicuous air sacs similar to tjiose found 
 among Hymenoptera, Lepidojjtera. the lanu^licorn beetles and 
 some other insects. The two ])airs of spiracles of th(> thorax 
 are provided with ''vocal cords", and a considerable i)art of 
 the humming sound is i)roduced by Micse structun's. The 
 abdominal si)iracles of some Hies are as primitive ;is are to be 
 louud among insects, being sim])]y unlijjped openings. 
 
 The condition of the m>rvous system varies greatr- within 
 the order. In the elongale. more generalized Xematocerous 
 forms there are five or six abdoiuimil g;iugli;i, and three dis- 
 tinct thoracic ganglia. From this condition to that shown i)y 
 the Mus(.ida', where all the thoracic; and abdominal ganglia 
 are united into one large ganglion in the thonix. a, most in- 
 structive series of gra(iatory forms is ]iresent<'d. In the 
 Empidida', which stand intcrmediatcdy as regards the concen- 
 tration of the ventral cord, the two anterior thoracic ganglia 
 are fused into (uu' ; this condition is radically different from 
 
XXVIIl 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 tliat shown l)y insects of other orders, ;is the Coleoptera, 
 Lepidoptera and llyiaenoptera, \vhi(^li liave ])ut two thoracic 
 gan^^dia. In tlicse insects, however, it is the two posterior 
 ganglia (nieso and nietathoraei(t) which are t'nsed into one. 
 
 The careful studies of Chihl on the so-caUed Johnston's 
 organ, an ekiborate structure of tine chitin rods connected 
 with speinal nerve cells and these connected by fine nerves 
 with the main antennal nerve, the whole organ (which is lo- 
 cated in the second antennal joint) seem to u-cribe definitely 
 an auditory function to t!ie antennae. Child's studies were 
 mostly made on the Nematocerous forms. 
 
 Special nerve structures are present at the base of the lial- 
 teres, and orienting, auditory and other sense functions have 
 been ascribed to them by various morphologists. Flies from 
 whi(!h these organs have been removed are utterly unable 
 properly to direct their flight. 
 
 The internal organs of the re])roductive system present 
 some interesting peculiarities. The ovaries of the fenuile 
 consists of an exceptionally large number of egg-tubes, there 
 are three rcceptucull seinlii<(h'i<, paired accessory glands, and 
 no true burfia ('(rpuldfrli'. The males have two oval testes with 
 short vasa differentia. The testes are not infrecpiently color- 
 ed, possessing a pigment layer. There is a well develo[)ed 
 penis with accessory copulatory organs. 
 
 Olassii<mcatiox of Dh'TKKA. 
 The flrst real attempt at the subdivision of the order of 
 Diptera was made by Latreille in iSdL'. when he distinguished 
 between the Nenuitocerous and Uraciiycerous forms. The 
 term Nemocera was introduced by him in 1817, and the (diar- 
 acters upon which lie based the grouj) are yet employed. The 
 name Brachycera was applied to the renuiining dijitera by 
 Mactpiart in ISlio. The (characters he used, following La- 
 treille, wei'e : 
 
 I 
 
 A '.t'niiio at li'iist six-joiiitcd ; ])ulpi four or livc-jointi'il, 
 Aiiti'iuiii' tlii'i'i'-joiiiti'd ; i)tili)i oiio or two-joiiitril. 
 
 NkMO( iMJA. 
 TJltACllVCKliA. 
 
INTKonrcTlON. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 This attoin?)t iit subdivision, based ui.oii tlie aiitcinia' and 
 ])alj)i, was all that hail Iteeu uv.ulo until a coniparativcly recent 
 date. It is the classification followed by Loew in the first 
 volume of the ^Fonographs published as late as 1<S(!(>. h, 
 ISflo Brauer ])roj)osed a more rational division of the dij.tera 
 into the two suborders. Orthorrlia].ha and Cyclorrhapha, based 
 chiefly u[)OU larval and pup;d characters. Their cliaracters 
 in a later puldication he gives as follows: 
 
 Liirvii' witli a " jaw-capsulc " (Kioffrkapsel) or a (liCtVrciitiate.l \w:u]. 
 Vu]y.v tVff or eiu'luj^ed in tlic larval skin; in cither case the larval skin 
 hursts for the extrication of the pupa or inm-o in a T-shai.ed (.|.enin<r on 
 the l)ack of the anterior eiiil, or rarely in a transverse rent hetween the 
 eighth and ninth abdominal rin-s. The itnago lacks the frontal lunule 
 
 =""' I'tilinun. OKTMOUKHACilA. 
 
 Larva' without dilYerentiated iiead. I'upa' always enclosed in the hard- 
 ened larval skin (forinin.ir the so-called pupariuin); the in.auo alwavs 
 escaping: from the anterior end throu.^di a circular oritiee. Frontal lunule 
 present; ptilinum usually present ('vci,(m;i:m.vi'iia. 
 
 More recently Hraucu- has jjroposed a further sulxlivision of 
 the suborders into tribes and grcuips as follows: 
 
 Sl'HOIiDKlt OliTllOUItHAPHA. 
 Section I. Nematocera. 
 
 Trihe 1. Kucephala. Families Mycetophilida", Hil.ionida-, Chiro- 
 nomida>, Culicidu', Hlepharocerid;.', Simuliida>, I'sychodida', I'ty- 
 chopterida', I{hoi)hida-. 
 Tril)e 2. Olij-oneura. Family (Vcidoinyiihe. 
 Trihe.'!. I'olyneura. Tipulida', Linniohiida". 
 Section II. Brachycera. 
 
 Triljc 4. Acroptcra. Family Loiicliopterida'. 
 Trihe '). I'laty-icnya. 
 
 (Jrou)) 1. llomodactyla. 
 
 Superfamily 1, Xot:icantha. Families Stratomyidas Xvlo- 
 phayida'. 
 
 Sui)erfannly 2. Tanyston.a. Families Tahanida.. Acan- 
 thromerida^ Lei)tida'. 
 
 Superfanuly ."J. Hombylimorpha. Families Xcnustrinida', 
 Acrocerithi'. 
 
XXX 
 
 INTKODl'CTION. 
 
 (iroup 2. HottTodactyla. 
 
 Superfamily 1. I'roccphala. Faniilics Mydaiihi', Asiliihi', 
 BomhyWuhv. 
 Tribe (5. Ortliofjonya. Fainilii's Kiiipi(li(la>, Dolichopodidu,'. 
 
 SUBOUDKU CYCLOHKHAPIIA. 
 Section I. Aschiza. 
 
 Tribe 1. Syrphidiu. Families Syrpliida\ Pipnnculida\ 
 Tribe 2. Ilypocera. Families Phorida', IMatypezidie. 
 Seetion II. Schizopliora. 
 
 Tribe 3. Eumyidic. Muscidea of tlie present work'. 
 
 Superfamily Sciiizometopa. (^alyptrat:e of the i)resent work. 
 Superfamily llolometopa. Acalyptratte of tiie pt-esent work. 
 Tri])e 4. Pupipara. Pupipara of authors. 
 
 Osten Sacken, however, objeots to this ehissificiition and 
 offers valid reason to suiitain his objections, at least so far as 
 the Orthorrliapha are concerned. He insists that the Neniato- 
 eera and Krachycera are natural divisions and bases their 
 distinction ultimately upon tlie piilpal characters. He says 
 that for some unex}>lained reason later authors have neglected 
 these characters and have concentrated their attention upon 
 tlie antennae. In this statement, however, T think tliat Osten 
 Sacken is somewhat unjust. The cliariicters of the paljii 
 have been used by both Schiner and Brauer, as well as in my 
 own classitication, and stress has been placed u[)on tliciii. 
 Schiner states exi)licitly that NemlstruKt lias three-jointed pal- 
 pi, and it is known that Aedes, as well as scmic jj^eiun'a of C'e- 
 cidomyidte, have but a single palpal joint. This being the case, 
 it is seen that the character oi' the palpi is nof the ultimate 
 distinction between the two groui)S. As I have already said, 
 there are never more than four articulated joints among the 
 dijitera in the palpi, and the great majority of the Cyclorrha- 
 ])ha have none, the basal process or i)rojection being all that 
 is presenic, and this will usually it' not always be found, albeit 
 often in a rudiment condition, among all forms of the order. 
 
 I give Osten Sacken's classification at length, as follows : 
 
INTKODITTIOX. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 OltTIIOKUIIAI'HA. 
 
 Xtmnrrni wrtx. No holoptic lua.i in tlic male sex; no }.is(.cti„n nr hie, I- 
 oration of tlie cyi's. Antriitiic jirovidcd with scnsiti' liairs nr- 
 ranjrc-d synmictrically on tin- llaiiiiiiini in verticils or jtencils of 
 hairs (exet-ption .Mycetophili.la'). X<» ocelli (exceiition Mycetoplii- 
 Ii(ia>anil I.estrernina'). No piilvilli; enipoiiia often hut n(it always 
 present. 
 A. I.arvii' perii.neiistic* always terrestrial. Kainilies Cecidoniyida', 
 Mycetoi»liiii(ia'. 
 
 R. I^arv;L'nietapneiisticoraini)hipnenstic,a(iiiati(\suha(iuatic. sometimes 
 terrcNtrial. Families, Ciilicida-, ('lnro!iomida", r.sychodida% ('| 
 Dixida', Tipulida'. 
 
 Xrmonrn anomala. Diptera with liomolouc.ns joints to the lla-ellum, 
 usually four-jointed i.ali)i. .Males fre(iuentiy holoptic, sometimes 
 the females also. I'ulvilli usually i)resent. Antenna- without sensi- 
 tive hairs. Ocelli usually present. Families F.ihionidu', Siinuliida", 
 Hlepharocerida-, Uliyphida', Orphnephilida'. 
 
 nnir/if/a-m. I'alpi one or two-jointed, not pendulous, |)orrect. the second 
 joint more or less clavate, lar.yer than the first. Joints of the Ha-rel- 
 lum usually not homolo<j;ous. 
 
 Xo niacroclui'tii'. Tliree well developed pulvilli. Males predcmiineiitly 
 holoptic, the eyes often hisectcd. Antenna! Haiiellum polymorphous. 
 Axillary incision, alula and antite<.;ula in most cases distinct!:- devel- 
 oped. Discal cell usually present; usually five posterior cells. 
 Lc-is ratlier smootli. Fanulies Stratioinyida-, Tal)anida', Acantlio- 
 mvrUhv, Leptida- Kim:mo. u.i;ta. 
 
 COLLKCTIOX AM) rUESKUV ATIOX OK ])lI'TEUA. 
 
 Flies imist be ('ollectcd with iinich moiv caiv tli;i]i can 1m> 
 safely used with such insects us colcopttM-a. .Moisture oC all 
 kinds injures or ruins them, and sinvinirns collected in alcohol 
 are worthless. For this reason the ('(dlectiTii,' bottle should 1)(> 
 lined throughout with blottin- paix'r. ;uid the eyaiiide placed 
 in the cork; a very little poison sulKees to kill th.-ni. Nor 
 should they be allowed to become too dry Ixd'ore pinniiio-. 
 The pin should be thrust throu-h the middle of the thorax, 
 and the specimen jdaeed just so as to enable the head of the 
 pin to be grasped by th.e tluuub and lit 
 
 * .1 mp/i 
 
 iger safely. \vv\ small 
 mpluirnvrntir hirva^ are those in which tlie si)iracles arc^tTm fined to tlie 
 
 first and last seuinent 
 
 posterior 
 
 'l<i/„i(usli<' tliose in whicdi tliev are confined to tl 
 
 meilian riiu 
 
 sc.unients; /„ nj^iKKslir those in whicli they are iil)sent on th 
 
\ X X 1 1 
 
 i.\'i"K()i)r( rioN. 
 
 sitf'ciincns should ncvci- be L^diu'd to card ])oiiits. as is ('din- 
 moidy done with ('(th'fjptci'a : they shdidd always be )»iiin('(l. 
 Somctiint's six'ciiiicns may ln' ('(ilIcctxMl and jjackcd in some 
 very line, light sawdust, iui])r('g"aUMl with (•ai'])()lic acid, whcro 
 it is ineoMvonit'iit or iin])ossihlc to i)iii thcni. Such specimens 
 heiny gently se])arated h'om the sawdust ai'e allowed to re- 
 main for some hours, over, hut not touching, damj) sand hefoi'e 
 ])inning. To ])in the siuiill specimens, use narrow strips of good 
 card-hoard or bi'istol-board, thrusting a slender jnn through oiu' 
 eiul and allowing it to protrude just a little above thi^ vd'^c ami 
 cdi])ping off the longer end witii a pair of pliers. Thrust the 
 I)oint of tlie pin as ludd in the card-board, into the under side 
 of the insect, but not entirely through it, and a stronger i)in 
 in the reverse direction through the otlier end of the snudl 
 strip. The pins are to be thrust through the card-board from 
 edge to edge, and in conse(pieuce a good ({uality is to be se- 
 lected that will not split too readily. The wings should never 
 be spread, but should be turned aside so as not to conceal the 
 abdomen. In the early part of the season nuiny interesting 
 species will be (iaught with the beating-net. The pointed end 
 of the beating-net nuiy be thrust, with its contents, into a 
 bottle containing a little eliloroform, or into a cyanide bottle, 
 for a short time, when the specimens nuiy be leisurely re- 
 moved. Later in the season, flower-flies will be collected from 
 a great variety of nudliferous blossoms, and it is better to 
 wait for the sp(>cimens to (ome to such blossoms tluin to go 
 hastily about looking for them. I have collected from a sin- 
 gle j)at(?h of elderbei'ry blossoms, not a rod in diameter, more 
 than forty species of Syrjil.idu' within ten days. Not nuui}- 
 sjx'cies an' to be found in shady woods, but those species must 
 be sought for there. To preserve flies in the cabijiet from 
 tluur insect enemies, I use naphthaline. The head of ordinary 
 ])ins, when heated red-hot, may be thrust into the eonnnon 
 moth-balls sold by the drnggists. Avhich when thus nu)unted 
 serve all jiurjtoses. 
 
OTTAWA ^^^^^'ULiURE 
 
 ^^^ - CANADA 
 
 4 
 f. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1878-1805. 
 
 1. ALDRICn. JOHN MKKTOX. 
 Psyche, CAMnRiiKJi;, Mass. 
 
 1. A New Genus and Species of r.-iltiinidje, vi, '>:\i>, l>:',7, 240, fi<,'s. 1^02. 
 
 2. The Dolieliopodid (ieiius Lianeulus, vi, uOO-oTl, \X92. 
 
 ■i. The Tipuiid Genera Hittacoinorpha and IVdieia, vii, 200-202, 1804. 
 Kansas Univkhsitv Qiaktkulv, Lawkem e, Kansas. 
 
 4. A Ue, ision of tlie Genera Doiieliopu.s ami Ily^'roeeieuthus, ii, 1-20, '$);). 
 
 5. New Genera and Species of l'sih,piii;i', ij, 47-.'»0, Ks<>;5. 
 
 (>. New Genera anci Species of l)()licliopodi(he, ii, irjl-l.'>7, ]S9t. 
 Canadian ENxoMor.ofjisT, London, Ontakio. 
 7. New Species of Pliora, xxiv, 142-140, lWt2. 
 
 2. AUSTEN, EUNEST K. 
 Pkoceedings of the Zoological Sociktv of London, England. 
 
 L Descriptions of New Species of Dipterous Insects of the Family Svr- 
 phidw in the Collection of the British Museum, with Notes on SpeJies 
 described by the late Francis Walker, I'art I, Maechini and Brachv- 
 opini, 18{);5, l.']2-l(;4, pis. iv, v. 
 
 Annals and Magazine op Natikal Histouv, London, England. 
 2. On the Specimens of the Genus Cutiterel)ra and its Allies (Family 
 ()estrida') in the collection of tlie British Museum, with the Descrip- 
 tion of a New Genus aiul Three New Species, ((i) .\v, :177-4!I(J, i)l. 
 xiii, 1705. 
 
 'I Further Notes on Cutiterelmi : On the identity of certain species 
 described by the late P,racy Clark, {{>) xvi, 147-lo.J, 1800. 
 
 ;]. BANKS, NATHAN. 
 Canadian Entomologist, London, Ontario. 
 
 1. Concerninjr Calotarsa ornatipes Townsend, xxvi, 88, 1804. 
 
 2. Some Psychodidie from Lonjr Island, N. Y. xxvi, ;J2!»-:j;J.J, 1804. 
 ••). Notes on Psydioda, xxvii, 324, ISOo. 
 
 4. BEUGIJOril, EVALD. 
 WiENEu Entomologisciie Zeiting, Vienna, Aistuia. 
 
 1. L\'ber einige nordamerikanische Tipulideii, vii, l!t.j-201, 1888. 
 
 2. Z 
 
 wei neue 
 
 Dipt 
 
 eren, viii, 205-208, 1880; xi, 102, 1802. 
 
 5. BEUTENMUELLEK, WILLIAM. 
 
XXXIV 
 
 lUP.LKXJKArilV 
 
 (1. P.ICOT, JA((in:s, F. M. 
 Annai.ks I)K i.k SoriKiK KM()M()i.()«.it;i'i-; i>i; KitANci;, 1'akis, Kk.vnc'i:. 
 DiptiTL's Nouvciiux oil j)cu C'oiiinis. 
 
 1. XII. (lomis I'liumosia, ryrcllia, ( 'osmiiia, < )clir(>iiiyiii, ct Curtoiicura, 
 
 pj). .">1-10, 1.S7>^. 
 
 2. XIII. (k'Irtc's Ocyptora (I.atr.) Ocyptiiiila, Exo-iastiT (IJoiul.) \)\). 
 
 40-47, 1S78. 
 ;;. XIV. Notes I't Mi'laii.ucs !>■ -IS, 1S7H. 
 4. XV. Tribu dcs Asilidi. Curii's lU's Lapliriiia' c' Diisyjuifjonidii', i)p. 
 
 2;!1, 1IS7H. 
 
 XV. (Suite.) Trihu des Asilidi, etc. pp. 401-t4r,, 1S7S. 
 
 XVI. Ciiriii* Xyloiihaiiidanuii et Stratioiiiydarum (IJij-ot), i)p. \<<-'>- 
 2:54, lH7ii. 
 
 XVII. Notes et Melariues, ].p. 2.T), 2:!(5, 1H70. 
 
 XVIII. (ieiires IMa.uioci-ra (Maiui), Formosia ((iuerin,) et Uiitilia 
 (Kol).— Desv.) i)p. Hti-W», im). 
 
 XXI. Syrphida' (iiiilii.)— Genre Eristalis (Fa])r.) pp. ^Vr.-^-.li), ISSO. 
 X.XIII. Tribus Neinistriiiidorum, pp. l;>-24, IHSl. 
 
 XXVII. Notes et Corrections, pp. ;}72-:l74, IWl. 
 
 XXVIII. Acantlionierida' (Wiedeniaiiii, Dipt. Kxot.) pp. 45:5-I(;0, 'S-J. 
 
 XXIX. Genres K(i:seiia, Actia, Meiia, I'liytoniyptera, et Tribu dcs 
 Antlioniyzida> (Scliiner, IJondani, Meade) j»p. 5-22, 18S2. 
 
 XXXI. Genres Volucella ((ieollr. Hist, des Insectes, 17(14) et IMiaia- 
 croinyia (Uondani, Ksanie d. var. spec. d'Insett. Ditteri lirasiliani, 
 Torino, 1H48.) pp. t;i-88, 1888. 
 
 XXXII. Syrplii.li (lere partie) pp. 221-258, 1F8:1, (2e partic) F^sj-eces 
 nouveiles No. ler. pp. :!15-'!5(), 18S:): (2e partie) Fsjieces nouvelles 
 No. II (2), pp. 5:](i-5i''i, 1884: 2e panic) Especes nouveiles, No. Ill 
 (2), PI). 7:M 1(1, 1885. 
 
 XXXIII. Antlioniyzides nouveiles, i)p. 2(t:;-;in4, 1885. 
 
 XXXV. F'aniillc dcs Anonialocerati (niihi). Coriaca\ Fujiipara, Nyc- 
 terihidae Auctor ) ji)). 225-240, 18<s5. 
 
 XXXVI. Syrpliidi, Addcmla au nicnioire public dans les Annales de 
 la Societecnt()niol()<ii(iue de France ( Annees 188;»-4) pj). 247-252, 'S5. 
 
 XXXVII. Essai d'une Classitication Synopticiue du Groupe dcs Tan- 
 yjjczidi (niilii.)et Descriptions de Genres et d'Especes inedits, pp. 
 287-;]02, 1885; :;0i)-31)2, 1800. 
 
 XXXVIII. Liste Synoitti(iueiles espcccs appartenant au Genre Lox- 
 ocera (Mei.uen, etc.) Fain, des Aiironiyzidie, Stirps 24e Chylizinie 
 (Hondani, Prodr. vol. i, 1850). Psilina' (Scliiner). 
 
 XXXIX. Descriptions de Nouveiles Especes de Stratoniydi et de 
 
 <), 
 
 
 7- 
 8 
 
 f) 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 V) 
 
 14 
 
 10. 
 17, 
 
 18, 
 
 19, 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 C()n()i)sidi, pp. 20-40, 188", 
 22. XL. Descrijitions de nouveiles especes de Myopidi, pp. 203-208, 1887, 
 
1 
 
 r.ir.LKxii.'Ai'iiv 
 
 N \ X \' 
 
 1 
 
 L'.".. XLI. 'riicliiniilii', I)f.\i;i(lii', pji, 77-lni, isss. 
 
 1'4. XI. II, DiiiuiKiscs (If iKiiivrllcs csiu'cc-i, |i|i. -J.Vl-^Tn, ISSS. 
 
 L'-'i. XMII. Cyrtidi (•!. Uiuot). pp. :;i.",-;L'0, iss'.i. 
 
 L'tl. XM\'. 'I'luTcvidi (.1. I5ii,r<)t) pj). ;l-_'|-.".-_'S. isMt. 
 
 L'7. XLX'I. i>(iiii!(_vliili (niilii), pp. .'LM— 'ITtl. jsnij. 
 .Mi:moiui:s dk r.A Sik ii:ti: '/.ooi.oauii \: i.i; Fi!an( i:, I'ak-is, Ki.-.wci;. 
 
 L'S Description df Diptcrcs imiivi'anx. iv, KIS, 1S!»1 ; v, (Kl-J-CUl, 1S!)2. 
 Hti.i.KTiN 1)1-: i.A S()( iicTK Zo(.i.(K.ic>ri; i.k Fk.wci;, I'aios, Kham i:. 
 I)ij)tt'rcs Xoiivfiiiix (111 i)i'U Coniiiis. 
 
 •_'!>. Li'iitidi (.1. H ) xii, [ifi. \--s.]. Iss?. 
 
 ."10. Miiscidi (J. I').) xii, pp. o(;i-r)17, 1SS7. 
 
 ."51. (ioiirc Il!iMiiiil(){)ota, xvi, 74-70, 1S!)1. 
 
 r>ri.M;TiN i)i; i.a Soc ii.ti; Knto.moi.ouk.h k hi: Ki{>n< i:, I'.ahis, I-'k.anc k. 
 '•V2. (MtTiipioidii.* viliosus, <j:vn. t-t sp. nov.) I,s7<.l, ]). 04. 
 .'>). (riirii.syiiiiiiictiis, uiii. nov.) ls7il, p. ,S(>. 
 o4. ((iiutops, Arthropc-as,) 1870, ji. 1(;4. 
 
 ;>•'). (.Mc'Kalomyia aruyropasta, uiii. tt sji. nov.; Acaiithorncra, sp. nov) 
 is,si>, p. r,. 
 
 '•]<}. (I'iiylloniydns, Knoitloinius, Ma,«iafytariiis,) ISSO, p. (;l>. 
 
 ;;7. (Xi'w (iciu-ra of Syrpliida'.) iMSi*, p. 7H. 
 
 :5S. (MxHdaplms, Knopii'nipis,) 1Wl>, p. 112. 
 
 o!'. (r.ycastrirliyncdia, Styloinyia,) 1.S82, i>. l'(». 
 
 40. (Syrphidio,) 18S-J. p. 4. 
 
 41. (Kurliiniyia,) IHK}, p. ;].5. 
 
 42. (Ciioioniyia, jren. i-t sp. nov.) 1884, p. 42. 
 
 4."!. (Ancylotjastcrornatiis, uvn. i-t sp. nov.) 1884, p. !l"). 
 44. (New (u'iKTa of Dc^'xiida-.) 188.'), si'iiaratiun, j). 1-7. 
 4-'). (Xi.\v Cfnera and Spia-it-s of < )rtali(Ia' and Tachinida") 188:,, separatum 
 
 p. 1-4. 
 40. Diagnoses do noiiveaux Genres et nouvelles Ksjjeces de Dijiteres et 
 
 Observations di verses, se))aratuni, pj). 1-4, 188(>, p. eiii. 
 
 47. (On the Acantlioinerida- of the Hioiogia Ceiitrali-Atnerieana,) 1880, 
 
 I>p. clwii. cixviii. 
 
 48. (On E(;linius, Kpihates and Tlieveneniyia,) 1887, p. Ix. 
 
 40. Observations siir ies Hiiapbidi et les DolidioiHtdi, 1888, p. xxiv. 
 
 50. Kspcees nouvelles de Dolicbojxxli, 1888, pp. xxix, xxx. 
 
 ol. (New Museida',) 1887, pp. elxii-el.xxiv. 
 
 52. (Errata,) 1888, cvi, evii. 
 
 '>]. (I'semlarchilcstcs.) 1880, p. clxxxiii. 
 
 llAVK I>'KNTOM()LO(iIi;, 1'aris. Ki{ A\( k. 
 
 ')4. Dexida-, Sareopliaj-ida". Kssai d' 
 
 tique 
 
 uno classification gonorale i^t synop 
 
 des .genres assi<,Mies preseiiterneiite aces deux }j;r()upes d'in.sectes 
 
 (liptores, 1885, pp. 2uo-2oO. 
 
 m 
 
XXXVl 
 
 IUI5M<)(;HAriIV 
 
 MKM<>iUh> i>i; I. A Socii TI-; '/An>\.t)i,iin K UK Ki;am i.. I'auis, Fkanci;. 
 ")'). l)('scTii»ti(>iis lit' Diptcris iioiiTiaux, v, pp. ()()2-<»01, ISll'J. 
 
 7. injAlKK, KUIKDIMCII. 
 WiKNKU Entomoi.ocisciik Zkitiv-;, N'ikxna, Ai stkia. 
 
 1. Ut'ht-r (lit' Vcrwaiidtsc'liiift mid svsttiiiatisclK' Sti'llun<r diT Hk-pliiiro- 
 
 ct'ridi'ii, i, i)j). 14, lS!-iii. 
 
 VEnUANDHNCiKN 1>I;K KA ISKUI.H HEN /OOr.oG IS( ll-UOTANISCII EN (JeSEI-F-S- 
 ('HAE«' /I WlEN, Al SlUIA. 
 
 2. ruber die SDj^t'tiannti'ii Stihstadioti in dtT Kntwickt'lunji iKt ( )i'striiliii- 
 
 Larven, pp. 7U-M4, IS!"-'. 
 
 DeNKSCIIKIETEN DEU .MATllKMATISCII-NATI I!\\ ISSENS( IIAETI.ICIIEN Ti.ASSE 
 DER KAISEUEICIIEN ACAPEMIE l>EK U'iSSENSCII A FTEN , ViENNA, A IS. 
 
 Die ZwiertiU'jjk'r di'S kaist'riiclit'ri Musfiitiis z.u Wion. 
 
 3. I. 1. Die kaLserliflu', Wiiitlu'in'selu', Wiodeiiianii'sciie mid Ku;_H'r's(ln' 
 
 Saniinlun<i. 2. Sy.<ti'iiiatisflie I'elii'r.-iirlit, .\iii, jij). lOo-US, IS^O. 
 
 4. II. Versucli eiiier Cliaraeteristik (Ut (iattmiucii di-r Xotacaiitlifn (I-tr.) 
 
 init Uiii'ek.*ieht auf die iiii kai.>*erlielieii .Museum hetiudliclieii von 
 Dr. J. K. Seliiner auf^estellteii neueu Gattuntreii. .">. Cliaraeteristik 
 dor iiiit Scenoims verwandten Dipteren-Faiiiilieii, xliv, jij). i")!)-<l(), 
 98-111, 1882. 
 
 5. III. Systematisehe Studien auf Gruudlajje tier Dijjtereii-Larveii iiebst 
 
 einer Zusamineiistellmii: voii Beis])ielen aus tier .iteratur ueber 
 dieselbeii uiitl Heselireibuuften neuer Ft)riiien. xlvii, j)]). 1-100, jils. 
 i-v, 188:}. 
 
 SlTZINGSHEmcHTE UEIt KAISERE. AkaDEMIE DEK WlXSKNSCIlAFTEX IN 
 
 WiEN, Vienna, Aistvia. 
 <i. Ansichten ueber ilie (Jattuntr raeliystylum Maetj. ei, oiKJ-CiOT, 1802. 
 7. Systenuitiseh-zotilofiische Studien xci, 2.>7-41;j, 1885. 
 
 8. liUAUKK, FlUKDUiril. and HKKGKXSTA.MM, J. KDI>i:X VOX. 
 
 DeNKSCHKIETEN DEU MATIIEMATISCII-NAIUKWISSENSC !!AETLUIIEN CeASSE 
 DER KaISEKEICIIEN AcADE.MIE DER WlSSENSCIlA ETEN, VlENNA, Al ST. 
 
 Die Zweitluejiler ties Kaiserlielien Mufeuiiis zu Wien. 
 
 1. Vt)rarbeiten zu einer Moiiofirapliie tier Musearia sehizttnietopa (exelii- 
 siv Anthoniyida',) Tars I, Ivi, pp. ()0-18l), pi. i-xi, 1880. Tars II, 
 Iviii, pp. ;5o"o-44(), 1891. I'ars III, Ix, pp. 80-240, 189:]. Pars IV, 
 Ixi, 5:]7-«i44, 1894. 
 
 9. lU'RGKSS, KDWAIil). 
 
 United States AtiRitLi.Ti uai, Hei-okt, WASiiiNcTtiN, D. C. 
 
 1. (Xew Speeies t)f Oseiiiis in) Report of tbe Kntoniolosfist, 201,202, '92. 
 
HI15MO(iKAl'IIV. 
 
 WWII 
 
 in. CnCKKlMlLI,, TliKt »!)( UJK I). A. 
 rsvcilK, r.\Mlii!llKii;, Mass. 
 
 1. riitliiria sulplmna Loi'w. IMt.'t, ISS. 
 
 Amkiucan Xaim liAi.isT, riiii,\i)i;i.i'iiiA. l'i;\\. 
 
 2. ('t'ciilonivia atriplicis, iH't.'t, TfiC). 
 
 Tm; Kn roMoi.of.isT, London, Kn<;i,axi>. 
 
 '•'>. A Cfcid hrctl from C'occida'. Aunust, 1^!':.', I'Sd 
 4. Notes on some spi-cii-s of (iall (iiiats. ISOO, -JT.s. 
 
 KxTOMOLoiiisrs' M(»NTiii.v Macjazink, London, Kn(,i.a\d. 
 ;'). The Hiiilovia Ci'cid, IS'.io, lO'.i. 
 (i. 'rry{ti'ta hitrc'Iovia', II. sp. IsiM), :i24. 
 
 Canaihax KxTo.Moi.oiiisT, London, Ontakio. 
 
 7. 'IVypota, ("lisi(>cami)a ami Amni;ilo, x.w, 112, IS!);!. 
 
 «. TIk' Tac'liiiiiil I'arasitc of ( 'imlu'.v aiuiTifaiiii, IS'.tu, 7<!. 
 I'i:oci:Kni\(is Acadkmv or Nvri I!ai, Sciknci: or riiii.Ai»i;i.niiA l'i:\\. 
 
 1>. Siipi)ifiiR'iitary Note to .Mr .Joliii.son'.s Li.st of Jamaican Dijjti'ra 1S!)4 
 411). 
 
 Wkst AmKKICAN SriKNTIST, Los AxflKLKS, CALirOliMA. 
 
 10. Coiitrihntion toward a kiio\vlcdi.H. of tlu. Faima and Flora of Wet 
 
 Moiiniain Valley, Colorado, Scpti'mhiT, 1SW>, 10(5. 
 
 COLOHADO I?I01.0(;i(AL ASSOCIATION, Coi.OliADo Sl'UINfiS. f'oi,. 
 
 11. The HiitTuIo Gnat, Seeoiid Report, Deeemlx-r, ISSS. 
 
 12. Tliistle Insects, Sixth Hejinrt, 18!S!»,, January. 
 Institutk of Jamak a, Jamaica. W. I. 
 
 lo. The riirysanthemiim Fly, Notes from the Museum No. 17, July, 1802. 
 14. Additions to the Fauna ami F'lora of Jamaica, Journal, IM!*:!, 2.')0. 
 
 TUAXSACTIOXS AmKRICAX KntOMOI.OOICAL SocIKTV, I'llII.ADKI.lMlIA, I'a. 
 
 I'j. The Kntomolojry of the Mitl-alpine Zone of Custer countv, Colorado 
 1H!«, ;JU.3-;570. 
 
 n. COMSTOCK, JOHN IIENHY. 
 Maniai. ior the Stcdv ok Ixskcts, Itiia( a, N. V. 
 
 L Chapter xix, Diptera, 41;J-4WI, IS!);'). 
 Unitki) Statks A<;ui( ri/ri 1!ai, Hki-okt, Wasiiin<.to\, 1). C. 
 2. (Notes on various Dijjtera in) Report of Kntomolofrist, for ISSO, 1<I0- 
 
 202, 204, 2<i(;. 
 •']. (Diptera in) Report upon Cotton Insects, 1«7!), 200-211. 
 
 12. COQCILLETT, DANIKL WILLIAM. 
 Kntomoi.ooica Ami-.hicana, Ruooki.vn, N. Y. 
 
 1. The North A 
 
 in 
 
 erican Sjjecies of Toxophora, i, 221, 222. 1880 
 
 Synopsis of the North American Species of Lordotus, iii, 115, 110, '88. 
 
XXX vm 
 
 HIRLIOGIiAl'lIV. 
 
 -11. 
 
 MIL'. 
 
 120, 
 
 '!»;). 
 
 I'svoPK, rA.Mi!Hii»<;i;, Mass. 
 ;). On till- Validity of tin- Tachiiiid rjciuis C'l'latorin. vii, 2-")1, IS!).'). 
 
 4. On the Tacliiiiid Ijeuus Acro.ylossa Wiliistoii, vii, 2('A. IS'.'.'). 
 •'). On till.' SystiMiiatic rosition of Apioccra, iv, i!4:]-244. l^S"). 
 (!. TIk- Honibylid j,n'iiiis Acivotryclius in AMicrica, vii. 27',',, IS!).'). 
 
 Canadian Kntomoi.ooist. London, Ontaisk). 
 
 7. Monograph of tiic Loniatina of Xortli America, xviii, S1-S7, ISSC) 
 
 5. The Xorth Aniiriean fu'iiera of Anthracina, .wiii, l.J7-l.".{>, 1SS(). 
 0. Xotcs on tlie Genus K.\oproso])a, xix, l'J-14, 1SS7. 
 
 10. Kevision of til" Uond)\iid Oeiiiis Kiiaenius (I.eptoehiliis) wiv, I 
 
 isn2. 
 
 11. Notes and Descriptions of Bomhyiida', xxiv, ^i;J-l-_'(!, 1S!)2. 
 
 12. A Xew (.enns of Diptera allied to Kliapiiioniidas, xxiv, ;114-.'!l.j, 1 
 I."). Synopsis of tlie Asilid (ieniis AnisopoLioii, xxv, 20-22, ISOo. 
 
 14. Synopsis of the Asilid (ienus Ulacodes, xxv, :V.]-:]i}, IS!);}. 
 
 15. Synopsis of the Asilid (ieiiiis Dioctria, xxv, SO, IS!).'!. 
 K). Synopsis of tiie Asilid (ieiiera Mallophora and Nicocles, xxv, llS- 
 
 18!);{. 
 
 17. A Ni>\v Asilid Genus rehited to Erax, xxv, 175-177, 180.'). 
 
 18. Synopsis of the ])ii)ter()us Genus Thereva, xxv, 107-201, ISO.'!. 
 
 19. Synojisis of the Dijiterous Genus I'siloceiihala, xxv, 222-220, 200, 
 
 20. New Xorth Anierican 'rrypetida\ xxvi, 71-75, 1S04. 
 
 21. Synopsis of tlie Dijiterous Genus IMiora, xxvii, 10:{-107, 1S05, 
 
 22. Xew Tachinidie with a Slender I'rohoscis, xxvii, 125-128, 1805. 
 2.']. Xew Xortii Anierii'an .Mycetiphilida", xxvii, l!l!)-200, 1805. 
 
 "Wkstkrn Ameuk'an Scientist, Los Anoki.ks, Gal. 
 
 24. A Xow Rhaphioniidas from California, vii, S4-S(), ISOl. 
 
 25. Kevision of the Bombylid Genus Aphoeliantus, vii, 254-204, 1801. 
 2(). Xew Jiombylidie of the Group Paracosmus, vii, 21!)-222, 1801. 
 
 27. Xew Bombylithe from California, vii, l!t7-20(), 1801. 
 
 JOIHNAL Ol' TlIK XkW YoKlv KxTOMOLOd IC A I. SoCIKTV, Xi:W VoUlv ("iTV. 
 
 28. Syno])sis of the Dipterous (ienus Syniphoromyia, ii, 5;!-5(i, 1S!)4, 
 20. Hevision of the Dipterous Family 'I'lierevida', ii, 07-101, 18<)4. 
 oO. A Xew Antiirax from California, ii, 101-102, 1S!)4. 
 
 31. Xotes and Descriptions of Tachinida', iii, 4i)-58, 1805. 
 
 32. New Genera and Species of Tachinida', iii, !!i-l()l, 1805. 
 
 PHOrKEDINCS OF AcADlC.MV OK NaTI UAI, SciKNCK OK PlIlI.A DIOM'II I A, Ta. 
 
 •'];]. See Johnson, C. W. 
 
 TRAN.SACriONS AmKIUC'AN KNTOMOUXilOAF, SoCIK.TV, I'llI I.AnKM'IlIA, PkNN. 
 
 34. Moiio'-raiili of the S.^cios hidongin^' to the (ienus Anthrax, from 
 America north of Mexico, xiv, l."i!l-172, 1S87. 
 
BIRLKXiliAl'IIV, 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 -120, 
 
 ;).■). Revision of tlu' Sju'cics of Amlinix from AtiiiTifa, nortli of Mcxii-o 
 xix, 1(;^!-1H7, l.S!)2 
 
 ;)(). Notes and Descriptions of X. American IJoinhylidjc, xxi,S!)-nL>, 1S94. 
 Entomologkal Xi;\vs, I'liiLADKr i-ni a, i'l.w. 
 '■I'. A New Dalmannia from California, iii, ].')0-].")l, l,si)2. 
 oH. An Anomalous Kmj)i(|, iv, 'JOS-lMo, 1,s!);). 
 ;!(). Two Interestin<r Xew Diptera from \Vasliin,t-ton, v, l-J.Vl'JC, IS'.M. 
 
 40. Iiracliyconia Davidsoni, n. sj). v, 172, ]su\, 
 
 41. A Xew \'oIiicelIa from Wasliin<rton, vi, l:!l-i;;2, IS!);"). 
 
 42. On tlie (►ccurrence of the Tacdiinid (ieiuis lleterojiterina Macq. in 
 
 North America, vi, 207-20S, l,s<i;"). 
 
 IisKCT Lite, WAsniNf/roN, I). C. 
 4;). The Corn Worm or Boll Worm in California, i, ;;:}]-:{;52, ISSO. 
 
 44. The Dipterous Parasite of Diabrotica soror, ii, 2n;!-2;;(i, IS(H). 
 
 4.). Ts Cyrtoneura ciesia an rnjurious Insect, vii, ;):;«-:{;)!), IHOo. 
 
 4(5. A Cecidomyid that lives on I'oisoii Oak, vii, :!4S, IW);"). 
 
 47. The Dipterous Parasite of Meianopus devastator in California v '»- 
 24, 180;5. ' ' 
 
 45. Two Dipterous Leaf-miners on Ganleii W'l-etahles, vii, :j,Sl-;)84, IS!)."). 
 4;). Two Dipterous Insects Injurious to Cultivateil Flowers, vii .';!)ll-40'> 
 
 1895. 
 
 i;{. DAY, LOUKX TKUK. 
 CAXAtnAN Entomologist, London, Ontario. 
 
 1. Notes on Sciomyzida", with Descriptions of New Species, xiii, 85-80, '81 
 
 PU0(Ki:i>lN(;s ACADKAfV NaTI-KAL SCIKNCKS, PlMLADI-I.lMlIA, PknN. 
 
 2. The Sjtecies of Odontomyia found in the Lnited States, 1882, 74-88, 
 
 14. DCOLS, ALKKLDO. 
 La Nati!kaij:/a, Mi:xu:o Citv, Mkxico. 
 
 1"). KMEHT(>X, JAMES II. 
 Psvciu;, CAMi'.inDfii;, Mass. 
 
 1. An Internal Dipterous Parasite of Sjuders, v, 404, 18! 
 
 10. FVLKS, T. W. 
 
 K). 
 
 Canaihan Entomoi.ocist, London, Ontakk 
 1. Description of a Dipterous Parasite of Phvll 
 2;!0, 1882; xv, 84, 188:1. 
 
 )xera vastatrix, xiv. 2.' 
 
 He 
 
 17. (JKiLIO-TOS, EKMANNO. 
 
 iMJCTTINO DKI MvH\.\ Dl Zooi.oGIA i:i> An 
 
 Hkalk 1'nivi;i!sita di Torino, Tiimn I 
 
 1. N 
 
 2. N 
 
 ATO.MIA COMPAUATA DI'.M.A 
 
 TAI,V 
 
 uove Specie di Ditteri del Mus, Zool. di 'I 
 novo Specie ili Ditteri del .Mus. Zool. di '| 
 
 'orino, vi. No. 102, 1802. 
 onno, vi, Xo. 84, 1800. 
 
XL 
 
 r.inLIOGHAlMIY. 
 
 ;]. Diajinosi di (luattro niiovi Gcnori di Dittcri, vi, No. lOS, 18(M. 
 
 4. Ua iiuovo (iuiKTo (ii Sirfidi, vii, No. 117, 18!>2. 
 
 0. Sui due Gencri di Sirfidi liiiopiilosviphus ed Orncgasyrplius, vii, No. 
 
 118, March, 1892. 
 V>. Diagnosi di nuovo specie di Dittcri, vii. Xo. 12:5, Jmif, 1802. 
 
 7. DiuLfnosi di iiuove sjiccic di Dittcri, vii, Xo. l.';2, Oct. 1802. 
 
 8. Dia<,ni()si di nuove geiicri ed di iiuove specie di Ditteri, viii, No. 147 
 
 158, 180;{. 
 
 0. Diagnosi di nuove gcucre ed di nuove s])ecie di Ditteri, viii, 158, 180;i- 
 
 10. Nuove specie di Ditteri del Museo Zoologico di 'rorino, vi. No. 102. 
 Mkmokik dklla Acaoemia DKt-r-A Scii;n/ik i>i Torino, Tukin, Italy. 
 
 11. Ditteri del Messico, I' rte I, Strationiyidii', Syprliidic, (2), xliii, 00- 
 
 108 (1-70), xl. i, 1802; Parte II, Syrjiliidic, l'ipunculida>, Conopidiie, 
 (2), xliii, ;]5-;]08, pi. 180;J; I'arte III, Muscidte Calyptratic, (2), xliv, 
 1-70, pi. 1804, I'arte IV, Muscidic Calii)trate, Muscina?, Antlioinyina', 
 Muscidai Acalyptrata?, Scatopliagina', Ilcloniyzinje, Tctanocerinic, 
 ()rtalinina>, Ulidinse, Haproniyzina', Trypetinai, Sepsina^ Tanypezina*, 
 Psiiina\ Chloropina;, Epliydrinai, Drosopliilina' '2), xlv, 1-74, pi. 
 1805. 
 
 18. GILLETTE, C. V. 
 Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 1. A New Cecidoniyid infesting Box Elder, v, :]02, OO.",, fig. 1800. 
 
 10. HAGEN, HERMANN A. 
 Boston Society of Natlrai. History, Boston, Mass. 
 
 1. New species of Siniuiiuin, with a reniarkahle Nynipha Case, xxx, 
 
 ;J55-;107, 1870. 
 
 Canadian Entomologist, London, Ontario. 
 
 2. The typical Collections of tiie Diptera of North America in the Mu- 
 
 seum of Cambridge, Mass. xi, l;J2-i;);], 1870. 
 ;J. List of Nortii American Antliomyida examined by B. 11. Meade, Esq., 
 Bradford, England, xiii, 140-150, 1881. 
 
 4. List of Nortli American Sarcopiiagida examined by K. H. Meade, 
 
 Esq., Bradford, England, xiii, 4:>-51, 1881. 
 
 5. On Simulium, xiii, 150-151, 1881. 
 
 <i. Entomological Notes, xiii, ;i7, 1881. 
 
 7. Coelopa frigida, xvi, 140, 188(1. 
 
 S, On Cecidomyia lirioilendri, xviii, 150. KIO, 188(!, 
 
 20. HART, CHARLES A. 
 Bulletin ok Illino8 State Laii. ok Natural History, Urbana, III. 
 1. On tlie Entomology of the Illinois River and adjacent waters. First 
 Paper, Diptera, 184-270; pis. v-\iv. 18i)5. 
 
P.ini.KXiKAl'IIV. 
 
 XLI 
 
 •-M. HOOD, I.KWIS K. 
 
 I'SVCIIK, CAMHUIIXiK. MaSS. 
 
 1. TIr' Li'ptidii' ati(i I'.oriihylida" from the Wliitc MDimtaiiis vi •'S:;-->s.l 
 
 22. IIOPKIXS, A. I). 
 ri;<)('i;i;i)iN(;s of tiik KNTOMoiociicAi, Soc ii;tv, Wasiiinc tun, I). C. 
 
 I. Xoti's oil tin- llal)its of certain M vcc'toi)liili.ls, willi Description!; of 
 Kpidapus scabei, ii. sp. iii, l-Hl-liV.I, ],S!)o. 
 
 2.!. I IOWA HI), L. (). 
 Inse( T Liii., \Vasiii\(;t<)n, 1). (". 
 
 1. Notes on a Siniiiiiiiin coinmon at Ithaca, \. V. i, !»!>-l()l, fiirs. 1KH8. 
 
 2. Tile Meet-leaf (IVjromyia vicina Lintii.) viii, .•;7<)-;5,S], fjos. \^Uo. 
 
 24. JOHNSON, CHAKLES W. 
 
 Tkansactions Amkhican Kntomoi 
 
 1. A Review of the St 
 
 OCKAI, SOCIKTV, rilll.AIiKI.I'IIIA, I'l 
 
 NN. 
 
 ratioiiiyiio and Odontoinvia' of North A 
 
 inerica. 
 
 xxii, 227-271^, pis. iii, iv, lS!).j. 
 Puoci:i:inx(is Acadkmv oi- Natlhai. Scikncks ov Vi 
 2. Dijitera of Florida, with Additional De; 
 
 Species hy 1), W. ("(xiuillett, IWt,"), ;JO;;-;;40. 
 
 iii.adkli'iiia, Tknn. 
 Tipti(jns of New Genera and 
 
 List of Diptera of Jamaica with 1) 
 
 271-281. 
 
 escriptioiis of New Sjx'cies, 18!)4, 
 
 25. KARSCII, FEUDINAXn. 
 
 ZeIT.SOHUIIT I)EK BkRI.INKU K.NTO.MOMKilSfHKN' { 
 
 Gkk.many. 
 
 1. Dii' Spaltuncr der Diptcren-Cattiui},' Systropus Wiedemann (lot- 
 
 1881. 
 
 Je.seli.schait, Hioui.in, 
 
 -(158. 
 
 2(5. KEKXK, EICJEXE 
 
 Canadian ENTo.Moi.ofiisT, London, Ontakio. 
 
 1. Spiiyracepliala brevicoriii.s, xv, 2(10, 188;!. 
 
 2. List of Syrphida' taken in Fairmount Park, Philadelpliia, Pa., il 
 
 the summer of 1884, \vi, 145-147, 1884. 
 
 uriiif; 
 
 o. List of Diptera taken in the V 
 
 1884, inclusive, xvii, 51-65, 188 
 
 icinity of Piiiladelphia, from 1882 to 
 
 27. LIXTNER, JOSEPH. 
 
 Hkpohts ok the State Entomoi.og 
 
 8ITT OK THE StATE OK NkW YoKK. At. 
 
 1. First Report, 1(J8-227, 1882. 
 
 2. Second Kejiort, 111-125, 188;" 
 
 1ST TO THE ltE<ii:NTS OK THE I'nIVE 
 
 HAW, X, Y 
 
XLII 
 
 UIHLIOGKAI'IIV 
 
 •■]. Foiirtli IJcport, r.0-80, 1888. 
 
 4. Fifth Report, 220-227, 188!>. 
 
 u. Sixtli Hoi)()rt, 1 1 1-1 1<;, 1890. 
 
 <>. Seventh Ki'port, 228, 245, ;l07-;;0!), :];;2, 1801. 
 
 7. Kiglitli Report, 140-151. 172, l')2-l!)(5, 181);!. 
 
 8. Niiitli Rei)ort, ;]09-;;i4, 189:]. 
 
 Ann'lal Repokt, \k\v Yokk Static AGRKir.TiKAL Sociirrv, Albany. 
 
 9. In.seets of tlie (Mover I'hint, 1880. 
 
 ("aNADIAN E.NTOMOLOCilST, LoNDON, OxTAltlO. 
 
 10. On Cecidoniyia lej'umiiicula, n. sp. .\i, 44, 121, 122, 1879. 
 
 28. i.OEW, HERMAN. 
 Vkuiiaxi)m:\<;kn dkk ZooLO<iisciiK-Bt)TAXiscHKN Gksski.lsciiai-t zi; 
 
 WlKN, Vli;XNA, A (ST. 
 
 1. Table for Deterniininf; tlie North American Species of tiie Genus 
 I'achyrliina, 1879, 51o-51(). 
 
 29. LYNCH, ARRIHALZAGA ENRIQUE. 
 
 BOLKTIX I)K LA ACADK.MIA NaCIOXAL I)K CiKNCIAS I)K CoRDOHA, BlEXOS 
 AlKES, AK(ii:XTlXA. 
 
 1. Catahit>() (le los Dipteros liasta aiiora doscritos que so encuentan en 
 las Repul)iicas del Rio de hi I'hita. 1883, 110-152. 
 
 :]0. LYNCH, ARRIBALZAGA FELLX. 
 Revista del MrsEo de la Plata, Buexos Aires, Argentina. 
 
 1. l)ipteroh)<ria Arsjentina, Culicidiu, i, :145-417, pLs. i-iv, 1891. 
 Axales de la SOCIKI 
 
 CiEXTiFK'A Argentina, Bi exos A 
 
 IRKS, / 
 
 \n(i 
 
 2. I)iiiteroh)gia Arirentina, Syrpliidie, xxxii. 80-99, 118-1:51, 194-202 
 
 248-:U4, xxxiii, 51-58, 111-121, 188-199, 2:{7-2 
 242-270,91,1891. 
 
 0-), •>■) 
 
 ;-4(!, 17;]-192, 
 
 ;>. El Genero Saproinyza en America, xx 
 
 XIV, '-'O-i 
 
 K,?. .'^1 
 
 01, 189: 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 LETIN DE LA ACADE.MIA NaCIOXAL I>E CiKNCIAS, BuEXOS AlRES, AltG. 
 
 4. I)ipterolo!j:ia Ar<rentina, Mycetophilidie, xii, ;577, 4:1(1, 471-48;J, 1892. 
 
 ■■'>]. -MARLATT, C. M. 
 IxsEOT Life, Wasiiinv/iox, I), C. 
 
 1. The Xanthium Ti yi)eta (Trypeta a'(iualis Loew), iii, :J12-:li:5, 1891. 
 
 ;52. MARTEN, JOHN. 
 
 1*SV(MIE, CAMIIIMlMiE, Ma^ 
 
 1. Description of Asphondyiia helii.nthi-globulus, v, 102-10;J, 1 
 Canakian Extomologist, Londox, Ontario. 
 
 2. New 'I'ahanida', xv, 1 10-I12, 1S8:!. 
 
 888. 
 
lilDLlOdlJAl'IIY 
 
 XLIll 
 
 15i i.KKTis oi- Tin: Omo Agimci i.tiuai. F,xim:kimi;nt Si ati<>n, Ti: 
 
 < IINIC M, 
 
 Ski!Ii;s, Nokwai.k, Ohio. 
 
 DosL'riiitioii ot' ;i iii'W s|)ocics (if (iall-niakin;^' Diptcr 
 
 I, i, l-"»-"), l.")('.. IS'.i: 
 
 -MIK. .loSKF 
 
 \ KRHANI)I.UX«ii;K IiKK /<)OUt(i ISCII-liOTAN iscii i;\ ( i i;si:i.i>( n A I T zi \Vii;\, 
 Vii;.NNA, AiisniiA. 
 
 1. llypoi'harassiis j^dadiator. v\nv lU'iic DolicliiiiicM-Art aus Nordaiiicrika, 
 
 (>17-fi;!-_', pi. x, 1S7S. 
 
 2. DipttToloaLsclu' Hc-iiRTkuiiucii, 1S2, l!t2, IWi;!. 
 
 ;>. I'l'ht'r (lit' Artri'ciito von 'I'rocliohola caesani' ( ). S. ami Crvtopoucn 
 Meyer- Diu'i-ii .Mik. 
 
 WiKXKU E\T<>M()L()r;is( in; Zkiti nc. Viknna. ArsriiiA. 
 4. Dipturolo-risfJi" Miscelleii, v. 2T(;-27'.I, IS^iC; .',, x, l-o, ISii] ; (!, xi, :>;'), 
 oC), 1892; 7, xiii, 22, 2:]. IW'4; H, xiii, lOl, 1S!»4. 
 
 0. Tc'Irt 'rac'liiniik'ii (U'l-iMi (Iritte.-! FiicliKTulied yespalteii ist, xiv, 101- 
 
 10;l, 18!).-). 
 
 1(1. Beiiicrkiuiiifn zu den l)ii)teren (lattiinsicii releeucera Macii. und 
 Hliopaloniyia Wied. xiv, l;5:!-l;!r), ],S')-"). 
 
 :i4. OSI'KX SACKKX, CII.VRI.KS K. 
 Bkrliner Ent().m(>i.()i;isoiik Zkitsciikiit, I?i;i!i.i\. (Ikkmanv. 
 
 1. On Professor Haiier's paper: Versueli eiiier Cliaraeteristik dc (iat- 
 
 tiinuen der Xotaeantlien, xxvi, ;l(l;!-:;8(l, I8!t-J. 
 
 2. On the Genus Apioeera, xxvii, 287-2!l4, 189."!. 
 
 :!. Synonymiea eoneerniiij,' exotic Dijiteroloiiv, xxvii, 251.')-2'.'8, 188:5. 
 4. A Sintjular Nortli Aiiierieaii Flv, xxvii, 209, oOO, 18«;5. 
 
 o. Correction to niv artick 
 
 )ii A])iocera, xxx, |;5!», 1880. 
 
 <!. Studies on 'Pipiiiiihe, I'art I, Tii)ulida' hmuiiiaiiti, xxx, l.'):)-188, 188t'». 
 
 7. Studies on Tii>ulida', I'art II, Tipuliila' hrevii)ali)i, xxxi, 18;J-242, 1887. 
 
 8. Ililariinorplia Scliiner is a Lei)tiil, xxxv, :>0;{, ;5()4, I8;i0. 
 
 !». Synopsis of the Described genera and a species of the Hieiiharocerida', 
 xxxvi, 407-412, 1801. 
 
 10. Second notice on the Ai)iocerinn, xxxvi, ;!11-.".1(!, I8itl. 
 
 11. Addition;, and Corrections to tlie Catalo<iue of tlu' Descrihed Spe- 
 
 cies of South American A<i!ida', liy S. \V. Wiliiston, in the 'I'rans. 
 Knt. Soe., vol. xviii, 1801, xxxvi, 417-428, 1801. 
 
 12. I{ej(»inder to Professor liraiier's Thatsachliclie l5erichtiL;iin,u-, etc., in 
 
 the Herl, Kntoiii. Zeitschrift, p. 4S7-48!t, 1802; xxx viii, ;578, ;l7il, 'O.'!. 
 lo. Two critical riniarks about the recently jiuliiished third jiart of the 
 
 Muscaria Schizoinetojia of M. Hiauer and Merueiistamin ; also a 
 tice of Koliineau-Desvoidv, xxxviii, ;>80-;;8(;, 180;'>. 
 
 no- 
 
 14. On the character of the three divisions of Diptera, Nenioeera vera, 
 Xeniocera anomala and Fremochaeta, xxx vii, 417-40*!. 
 
XLI\' 
 
 niBLIOCiUAl'IIV 
 
 15. Synonyniicii about Tipulida', xxxiv, 240-2(i;}, 1804. 
 If). Oil tlic atavic iiidox cliaracti-rs witli soim- remarks a1)out tlio classifi- 
 cation of the I)i])tc'ra, xxxix, ()!)-7(!, 181I4. 
 
 17. Kristaiis tenta.x in Cliiiicsc and .lapancsc literature, xl, 142-147, 1894. 
 
 18. Contributions to the study of tlie Liponeurida? (Hlepliarocerida; Loew, 
 
 olini), xl, 148-101), 18!t4. 
 
 19. Midas or ]Mydas, a contribution to entomological nomenclature, xl, 
 
 ;J4(;-;]r>o, 189:,. 
 
 20. Su])plement to my recent paper on Liponeurida>, xl, ;}51-ou5, 1895. 
 
 J. IIkumnc;, lIi:ii>i:i,i!KK(i, Ge!;manv (H. II. Poktkk, 18 I'kin( k's Sthket, 
 London, En(;land). 
 
 21. On the Oxen-born Bees of the Ancients (IJugonia) and their relation 
 
 to Eristalis tentax, a two-winiied insect. Enlarged edition of the 
 Essay, on the so-called Hujionia of the Ancients, etc., published in 
 the Bullet. Soc. Ent. Itai. 189;}. 99. i-xiv, 1-80,1894. 
 
 22. Additional Notes of the Bu,u:onia-lore of the Ancients, j)]). l-2;>, 1895. 
 
 BULLETINO I>EI.I.A SOCIKTA EnTOMOLOGU'A ItAI.IAXA, ElOKENCE, ItALV. 
 
 2;}. On the so-called Bugonia of the Ancients, and its relation to Eristalis 
 tentax, a two-winged insect, xxv, 180-277; Separatum, pp. l-:}4, with 
 Corrigenda, 189;], 
 
 Entomologist's Monthi.v Magazine, London, Engeand. 
 
 24. Explanatory Xotice of my views of the Sub-orders of Diptera (2), 
 
 iv, 149-151, 189:]. 
 
 Canadian Entomologist, London, Ontaiuo. 
 
 25. Some North American 'raciiinidic, xix, Kil-lOO, 1887. 
 I'SYoiiE, Camhkidge, Mass. 
 
 20. Western lVlicia>, Bittacomorphio and Trichocerie, vii, 229-231, 1895. 
 BiOLO(iiA Centrali Ameuicana, London, ENCiLAND. 
 ■''" Diptera, vol. i, 1-210, pis. i-iii, 1880, 1887. 
 
 rUANSACTIONS OF THI, ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETV OI' LoNDON, EnG. 
 
 28. Facts concerning the imiiortatioii or noii-importiUion of Diptera in 
 foreign countries, 489-490, 1884. 
 Insect Like, WAsnmciToN, D. C. 
 2!t. On IltLMiiatobia serrata, ii, 191, 1889. 
 
 35. lULEY, CIIAIJLES VALENTINE. 
 
 C'NADIAN ENTOMOLO(iIST, LONDON, OnTAKIO. 
 
 1. Parasites of the Cotton Worm, xi, 101, 102, 1879. 
 
 2. Dipterous Enemies of riiylloxera vastatrix, xv, 39, 1893. 
 
 United States Agkici ltikal Bei'out, Washington, D. C. 
 •".. Rejiort for 1884, 322. 
 
 4. Beport for 1880, 512, 513. 
 
 5, Keport for 1895. 
 
 - 1 
 
r,ii5Li()(ii:Ariiv 
 
 XL\' 
 
 Inskct LiiK, WASHiN(;r()\, 1). C. 
 
 (i. TliL' More-los <)r:iii,m' Fruit Worm, i, 4.')-47, fi.us. ISSS. 
 7. 'I'liL' Ox Hot in the I iiitc-d Stati'.x, iv, :\U2--]\~ , tius. IMH. 
 
 .'50. KILEY, CIIAIU.KS V. ani. HOWAHI), LKLAND O. 
 Inskct Like, Washington, I). C. 
 
 1. On the CMiiascuIatin<r IJot-tly, i, -Jl-'), 2KJ, l.S,Sl>. 
 
 •2. The Texas Heel-fly, i, ;!18, :51<>, imi 
 
 ;l. Ilernietia nmeeiis (sic.) infestiiii-- Hec-hives, i, ;;'):], ;].')4, 1^!H9. 
 
 4. Lestophonus or Cry{)t()eha'tiini, ii, Ul, 1^S^>!). 
 
 5. Tlie Horn-fly, ii, 4:), 104, fli^s. 1,S8U. 
 
 (i. The Tulip tree Leaf Gall-fly, ii, :]V>-2, of.;!, \m). 
 7. The true male of I'oeota Ljrandis, iv, W!, IHOL 
 
 ;>7. KOKDEK, VICTOH VOX. 
 Entomolo(;isciik Xaciiuiciitex, Berlin, Geh.manv. 
 
 1. Ueber die Zuzanimengehoerigkeit der beideii Arteii der Guttunj,' 
 
 Spheconiyia Latreille, 1«89, ()(W)8. 
 
 2. Ueber drei neue Gattungen der Xotaeaiitlien, xii, l:"!7-140, 1880. 
 
 StettInek Entomomhiisciie Zeiti \g, Stettin, Gehmanv. 
 
 3. Dipteren von der Insel Porturieo, 1885, ;];;7-;349. 
 
 Wiener ENTOMOi.OdiscnE Zkiting, Vienna, Ars 
 
 ruiA. 
 
 4. Ueber die Nordamerikanischen Lomat 
 
 ina von Mr. ('(xiuillett in dem 
 
 "Canadian Entomologist," v, 20:5-20'), 1880 
 
 5. Asynduluni montanum, n. sj)ec. vi, 110, 1887. 
 
 0. Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung (inoriste Mg. vi, loo-loO, 1887. 
 
 7. Ueber die Dipteren-Gattung, Stylogastcr Meq. xi, 280-288, 181)2. 
 
 8. Ueber 'J'rypeta amabilis Loew, xiii, 07-100, 1804. 
 0. Ueber Mydas fnlvipes Walsh, xiii, 100, 170, 18!)4. 
 
 10. Ueber Myopa clausa L\v. viii, o, 1880. 
 
 11. Ueber Taeliina florum Walk, viii, 4, 1880. 
 
 12. Zwei neue nordamerikanisehe ])ii)teren, ix, 2;)0-2;52, 1800. 
 
 Berliner ENTOMOLotiisc he Zeitsciirikt, Beiilin, Ger.manv. 
 l;5. l)ij)terologische Xotizen, .\.\v, 210-210. 
 
 rrHLISIlED BY AlTIIOR. 
 
 14. Alls der L^is \'on Oken, 1. 1888. 
 
 ;58. lUEBSAMEX, E. H. 
 Berliner Ent()molo<iisciie Zeitsciirikt, Berlin, Germany. 
 
 1. Die Aiissereuropiuische Trauerinuecken des kuiiigliehen Museums 
 fuer Naturkunde zu Berlin, xxxix, 17-42; i)ls. i, ii, 1804. 
 
XLVI 
 
 r.inLior.ijAiMiv 
 
 :i!». Sf'L'DDKK, SAMIKL lU'nBAlM). (Fossil Diptcra.) 
 liKi'oitr OK THK (JKOi,0(;irAi, Si uvKV ok C.\nai>a, Ottawa. Canada. 
 
 1. The IiiSL'L'ts of till- Tertiary Hods at QiU'sni'l, Keport for IMTo-TO, 2(i<!- 
 
 2. Ailditions to the Insect Fauna of tlie Tertiary Beds at (iiiesnel, Re- 
 
 port for l^lTd-TT, 4.')7-4»)4, l.«7^!. 
 o. The Fossil In.sects eoUeeted in 1877 hy Mr. G. M. Dawso, in the inte- 
 rior of British Columbia, Heport for 1S77-7H, 170-1H7, 187!». 
 
 Bui.r,KTINM)r- TlIK UnITKI) StATKS C.KOMXiKAL ANM) ( JKCXi UAl'UK'A L Si I£- 
 
 vi;v or THE Tkuritouiks, Wasmixutox. 1). C. 
 
 4. The first discovered traces of fossil insects in the American Tertiaries, 
 
 iii, 741-702, 1877. 
 
 5. An account of some in.sects of unusual interest from the Tertiary 
 
 rocks of Colorado and Wyominu-, iv, r)ir»-545, 1878. 
 <>. The fossil insects of the Green River shales, iv, 747-77«), 1878. 
 
 7. The Tertiary lake basin at Florissant, Colorado, between South anil 
 
 Ilayden Parks, vi, 279-800, inaj), 1878. 
 
 Bii.LETix OK THE rxiTKi) Statks Gkologicai, SruvEv, Wasmixgtox, D.C. 
 
 8. Systematic IJeview of our present knowledjjc of fossil insects. Bul- 
 
 letin .']1, ])ii)tera, 85-94, 1880. 
 
 9. Inde.x to the known fossil insects of the world, including Myriopods 
 
 and Arachnids, Bulletin 71, Diptera, 221-227, o9r)-071, 189l'. 
 
 10. Some insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, and other 
 
 points in the Tertiaries of Colorado and Utah, Bulletin 9;], :J6 pp. o 
 pis. 1892. 
 
 Billetix ok THE rxiTKi) States Xationaf. Musei:m, Washixoton, 1). C. 
 
 11. Xomenclator Zoologicus, Bulletin 19, Supplemental List, l-;]70, Uni- 
 
 versal Intlex, l-:!40, 1882. 
 
 Zittel's riAXDnieii dek Pai-eontoloijie, Mcnkh Gkioiany. 
 
 12. Svst 
 
 enwitische Uebersicht der fossileii Myrioixxlen, Arachnoidea und 
 Insekten, 1 Abtheil, ii, 721-8;!1, ti>is. 1885. 
 
 Re 
 
 I'OUTS OF THE UxrrEi) States Geoi 
 
 \VASHIN(iTOX. I). C 
 
 OtilCAl, SiKVEV OK THE TeRKITOKIES 
 
 m 
 
 erica, vol. xiii, 7;]4, ])p. 28 pis. 40, 
 
 lo. The Tertiary Insects of North A 
 1890. 
 
 I'UOOEEi iX(iS OK A.MEHICAX I'niEOSOI'HICAE SoCIETV, PlIIEA OEMMIIA, Pa. 
 
 14. Tertiary Tipulidse, with si)ecial reference to those of Florissant, Col- 
 
 orado, xxii, 10;5-24r,, pis. i-i.x, 1894. 
 
 Anxial Rei'out UxiTEi) States Geo 
 
 I.O(il( AL AND (JEOOltAl'HICAE SURVEY 
 
 OK THE TeUHITOKIES, WASHIN(iTOX, I). C. 
 
 15. (Rej)rint but little chaii^red of No. 7) !2th Rep. 271-29:], 188." 
 
l?IRLI()Gl{AriIV. 
 
 XKVII 
 
 40. SMITH, JOHN T5. 
 Tkansactions Amkkican Kmomoi.ochai, Suciktv, rmr.ADKi.iMiiA, Pa. 
 1. A c()iitril)uti()ii towanl u kiKiwlcdgv of ilu- iiniutli-iiarts ul' tlie DijitiTa 
 xxii, i\V.I-.V.]U, 1^00. 
 
 41. SXOW, WILLIAM Al'l'LK'I'oN. 
 Kansas rsivKHSiTV Qlaktkki.y, LAWitDNci., Kansas. 
 
 1. Notes and Di-scriptioiis of Syrpliida-. i, ;j:]-:J,s, pi. ISUi*. 
 
 2. l)oscTii)tioiis of North AiiuTicaii TryiJi-tichp, with Notes, ii, ].')0-]74, 
 
 pis. vi, vii, 1804. 
 .'5. Aineriean I'latyjiezida', iii. 14:]-1.">2, pi 1804. 
 4. American lMatyj)ezid;e, Second Taper, iii, 2O.V207, 180."i. 
 T). Diptera of Colorado and New Mexico, iii. 22r)--_>47, iSOo. 
 <). Supplementary List of North American Syrphidiu, iii, 240-2(!2, IHOo. 
 
 7. Cneplialia and its Allies, iii, 178-l8(;, I80o. 
 
 8. A New Species of Pelecocera, iii, 187, I80;j. 
 
 0. On Toxotrypana of Gerstit'cker, iv, jt. 117, 180.J. 
 Canadian ENTOMoi-ociisr, London, Ontauio. 
 
 10. The Moose Fly, A new Hiematol.ia, xxiii, 87-89, 1801. 
 
 42. SLOSSON, ANNIE TKUMBULL. 
 Entomologtcai, Nkws, I'liii.AitKi.i'iiiA, Thnn. 
 
 1. List of Insects taken in the Alpine Region of Mt. Washin-jton, v 
 
 1804. 
 
 2. Additional List of Insects taken in the Alpine Ke{,M<)n of Mt. Wash- 
 
 in^jton, vi, 6, :510-:]20, 180o. 
 :>. Mesogrumma politum, i, 5, ii, 11"). 
 
 4.;. SCHWARTZ, K. A. 
 Insect Liik, Washington, I). C. 
 
 1. The Ilippelates I'ia<>ue in Flo'-ida, vii, ;;70, .i^rs. 180'>. 
 
 44. TOWNSKNI). C. H. TVLKK. 
 
 I'SVCHE, CAMnRIDCK, MaSS. 
 
 1. Two New Tachinida>, vi, 8:}-85, 1801. 
 
 2. A New Simulium from Southern New Mexico, vi, 10(5, 107, 1802. 
 •I A Parasite of tlie Kail Weh-worm, vi, 17(!, 177, 1802. 
 
 4. A Tachinld Parasite of the Oak Inicorn Prominent, vi, 187, 188, 1801. 
 
 o. A New Genus of Tachiniihe, vi, 247, 248, 1802. 
 
 0. Description of a Sarcopha,u:id bred from Helix, vi, 220, 221, 1802. 
 
 7. Tachinid Parasite of Eucetervia variaria Grote, and other Notes, vi, 
 
 258, 250, 1802. 
 
 8. An Aporia hred from Limacodes sj). vi, 275, 27<), 1802. 
 
 0. An Interestinjj Hlooil-suckin<r Gnat of the Eamilv Chironomida', vi, 
 :iOO-;;72, pi. viii, I80:l. 
 
XLVIII 
 
 r.iHLi()(;HArnY. 
 
 10. Description of a now and intcrcstini: I'iiasiid-Iike (ii'inis of 'raciiinitia', 
 
 s. str. vi, 42!>, 4;50, lH!»;i. 
 
 11. Note on Atn)i)liarista jiiriniodes Towns, vi, W>\, 180:J. 
 
 12. A Caltha^ri-likt. Cccidoinyidous Gall on Bij,dovia, vi, 401, LSO.'}. 
 l;i. Hosts of Nortli American TachinidiL', vi, 4<i(i-408, 180:!. 
 
 Canadian Entomoi.ocist, London, Ontakio. 
 
 14. Description of a Miiscid bred from Swine-diiii}:, witii Notes on two 
 
 Muscid (Jenera, x.xiii, ITrJ-lAo, 1801. 
 
 15. A Tacliinid bred from a Chrysalis, x.xiii, 'JOli, 207, 1801. 
 
 10. Notes on Nortli American Tachinida>, with Descriptions of New Gen- 
 era and S{)ecies, Pai)er V, xxiv, <i4-70. 77-82, 1802. 
 
 17. A Sarcoi)lia<rid Parasite of Cimhex americana, xxiv, 12(5, 127, 1802. 
 
 18. Notes on Nortli American 'Pachinidje, with Descriptions of New Gen- 
 
 era and Species, I'aper VI, xxiv, 100-172, 1802. 
 10. A Preliminary Groupinjr of the Described Sjjecies of Sapromyza of 
 North America, with one New Sjiecies, xxiv, ;;ui-'J04, 18!t2. 
 
 20. A Trypetid bred from Galls of Hijrlovia, xxv, 48-52, 180;>. 
 
 21. Comments on Mr. van der \Vuli)'s Diajrnoses of New Species of Mex- 
 
 ican Phasiida;, Gyninosomatida!, ( )cypterid;e, and Plianiidaj, xxv, 
 1(;5-108, 180;]. 
 
 22. A very Remarkable and Anomalous Syri)liid witli Peculiarly Devel- 
 
 oped Hind Tarsi, xxvi, 50-52, 1804. 
 2:). Note on the Proposed New Genus Calotarsa, xxvi, 102, 1804. 
 
 Ento.mologkal Nkws, Philadelphia, Pknn. 
 
 24. New North American Tachinida', iii, 80-81, 120-l;Jl, 1802. 
 
 25. Notes on North American Taehinida>, sens. str. with Descriptions of 
 
 New Genera and Species, Paper IV^. 
 2(5. An Exorista Parasite of Lagoa opercularis, iii, 150, 1(50, 1801. 
 
 27. A Tacliinid Parasite on Chrysophanes dione, Exorista chrvsoplianaj, 
 
 n. sp. ii, 107, 108, 1801. 
 
 28. A Kemarkable New Hippoboscid from Mexico, ii, 105, 10(5, 1801. 
 20. New Jamaica Tacluiiidtt>, I, iii, 14(5, 147, 1802. 
 
 30. Note on Trichobius dugesii Towns, iii, 177, 178, 1802. 
 
 31. On the So-called Throat Bot, iii, 227, 228, 1802. 
 
 32. Some Deformities in the Abdominal Segments of Tachinidie, iii. 160, 
 
 167, 1802. 
 
 33. On the Geographical Range and Distribution of tlie Genus Trichopo- 
 
 da, iv, 60-71, 1803. 
 
 TUANSACT.ONS AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETV, PHILADELPHIA, PeNN. 
 
 34. Notes on North American Tacliinida?, sens. str. with Descriptions of 
 
 New Genera and Species, Pai)er 1 1, 340-382, 1802, Paper III; xxix, 
 88-132, 1802. 
 
nii'.LiocKwi'iiv. 
 
 XLIX 
 
 1'). The Xortli AriKTiciin ( 
 
 ctKTii of Calyptratr Muscida-. I'ajHT II, x 
 
 i:W-l(iO; Taper III, L'T.'J-L'TS; Taper I\'. l'7<»--j.s4; i 
 
 IX, 
 
 ISO: 
 '•)<). Notes on North A 
 
 apcr \', 2'.H)--J'M, 
 
 III 
 
 cii's. Taper \'II, xix, l'S4-2S0, 1,s<i 
 
 erican Tacliiiiida', witli Descriptions of New Sr 
 
 Thi' North Aineriean ( 
 
 I'nera of Nenioeerous Dijttera, xix, 1 Jt-KiO. 
 
 ■■»8. Contriliutions to the Dijiteroloyy of Xortii A 
 
 '5-Oi'); II, Tahaniila', (;onoj)i(la', Tachin 
 
 rnerica, I, S\Tj)hi(l 
 
 a", xxii. 
 
 •'10. On a Species of Simuliuni from tlie (irami (' 
 
 xix,4r)-48, my.]. 
 
 Tr.\nsa< TioNs OK Tin: Kansas Acadkmv oi- Scikm k i 
 
 ilia', etc., ."i.Vso. Isii." 
 
 iinoii of tlie Colorado. 
 
 40. On tlie Horseflies of New .M( 
 
 'oi-KKA, Kan- 
 
 sas. 
 
 ■xico and Arizona, 1 ;}.'{- 1. "I.") 1S!)4 
 
 41. Note on a Peeuliar Aealyj.trate Museid found near 'I'lirkev 'j'ankr 
 
 Ariz. i;{.'), i;;*;, ks<i4. 
 
 Annaj.s of thi: Ni;\v Yokk Acai.kmv or 8( iknci:, Ni;\v Vuhk ( 
 
 42. Cataloj-iie of the Described South American S 
 Muscida", vii, 1-44, 1S92. 
 
 ITV 
 
 ipt'cies of Calyptrate 
 
 Inskct LiiK, Washington, I). C. 
 
 4:J. Further notes on the Cotton-tail T.ot, with the hreedin- and id» 
 
 cation of the Fly. 
 41. Some Michigan Notes 1^'corded, ii, 42-H, ISS'.t. 
 4.j. Laphria canis Will, ii, 1(32, 188!). 
 
 iititi- 
 
 Tk 
 
 ciiNicAi- Bir.r.KTiN, Ohio Kxi-i; 
 
 UMKNT Station, Noi;\valk, Oiii 
 
 o. 
 
 4(1. A Tachinid reared from the cells of a mud-dauher Wasp, i, I.sii;). 
 Z«»i;, San Fkascisco, Cal. 
 
 47. A New Tryi)etid from Chacaltian.iruis, Mexico, with Note on Ilcxa- 
 
 cliaeta amabilis Loew, iv, l.J-ld, ISii;;, 
 
 TuocEEiuN(is or California Acadk.mv ok Sciknci:, San Fuancisc. Cm 
 
 48. On the DijUera of Baja, California, inciu.lin- a few from the adjacent 
 
 regiims of California and Mexico (2), iv, 5!i;5-(;2, I8(t;i. 
 
 JOIKNALOKTIIE Nk«- YoRK En TOMOM.OMAI. SOCIKTV, NkW V(.I!K CiTV. 
 
 4!). A Nycterihid from a New Mt'xico Hat, i, 79-80, 1,S9.{. 
 
 00. Some New Santo Domingo Tachinida', ii, 78~7!>, 18!)4. 
 
 Joi'RNAL Jamaica Institi;tk, Jamaica, West Ini>ii;s. 
 
 01. A Tachinid bred from a larva of Trotoparce jamaicencis Hutler, in 
 
 Jamaica. 
 •">2. A scorj)ion Tarasite, Dec. 18!)2. 
 
 ".;!. Notes on some Jamaica Muscida', with hrief anonymous dcs<Tiptions 
 of doubtful forms. 
 
L 
 
 IJIHI.KJGRAl'llV. 
 
 o4. (K'C'uctii furi'iis in Jiunaica. 
 55. A hot-like parasite of a hinl. 
 
 I'uncKKDiNi.s OF TiiK Ex n.M()i,0(iicAL SocrivTV OF Wasiiixgtox, D. C. 
 5<5. Notes on Certain (Vridoniyidous (Jails on Cornus, ii, .".nO, ;]!»], ISO:]. 
 57. The Xortli American Genera of Calvptrate Miiscidio, Taper I ii «!)- 
 
 100, 1891. 
 5S. Notes on North American Tachiniilas, sens. lat., with Descriptions of 
 
 New Species, Paper I, ii, i;J4-14n, ISDl. 
 
 50. Notes on the Genera Tripiotriciia hw. and Afrnotomvia Will ii 117- 
 110, 1801. 
 
 45. VVKHSTEH, F. M. 
 
 BULLKTIX OF THE OlIIO A(;IUCULTURAL Exi'KKI.MKNT StaTIOX, TkCHXICAL 
 
 Seimf.s, Norwalk, Ohio. 
 
 1. Methods of Ovijxjsition in the Tepulidie, i, 151-154, 1803. 
 
 2. A Dipterous Gall-maker and its Associates, i, 1.34, 180;]. 
 
 Inskct Life, WASniXdiox, I). C. 
 ;}. Notes on a Species of Necrophagous Diptera, ii, ;]5()-358, 1800. 
 
 40. WIIEELEK, WILLIAM MORTON. 
 
 PSVCHE, CAMBRIDliE, MaSS. 
 
 1. Description of some new North American Dolicliopodida?, v, ;}.']7-:)43 
 
 355-302, 373-370, 1800, 
 
 2. The supposed Bot-fly Parasite of the Bo.x-turtlc, v, 403, 1800. 
 
 PROCEEinxos WiscoxsiN Natural Histohy Society, Mimvaukie, Wis. 
 
 3. On two new species of Cecidomyid producing galls on Antenuaria 
 
 plantagini folia, April, 1880, 200-210. 
 
 47. WHITNEY, C. P. 
 Caxadian Entomologist, Loxdon, Ontario. 
 
 1. Descriptions of some New Species of Tahanidje, xi, 35-38, 1870. 
 
 48. WILLISTON, SAMUEL WENDELL. 
 Bi i.letix Brooklyn Ento.mologkal Society, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 1. On the Classification of tlie Nortli American Diptera, First Paper vii 
 
 129-130, 1885. 
 
 Extomologica Americana, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 2. On the Classification of Nortli American Diptera, Second Paper, i, 10- 
 
 13, 1885. 
 
 3. On the Classification of Nortli Ameri 
 
 118, 152-155, 1886. 
 
 Diptt 
 
 iper, i, 114- 
 
 4. On two interesting new Genera of LepticL-e, ii, 105-108, 1880 
 
r.IIU.KXiUAIMIV. 
 
 •J. Additions an.! Com-ctioiis ti) tin- ("atain^ru.. ..f s,,iitii Am. Tic 
 
 ])iii(la'. 
 (!. 'I'Ih' Horn-fly, v, ISO, isi, l.ss't. 
 
 Hkui.ixku Kmumolugimuk Zkiis. 111,11 t, Bi;i!i.i\, {,i:uyi\s\. 
 7. L\'I)CT Mallotacinihiciforniis Kaiji'ii, x.wi, 171, i7-j, i,s«(). 
 
 EvroMOr.<»<;:s(iiK NAcnRiciiiKN, Hkki.in. (Jkimiavv. 
 
 H. UfhcT c-ini!,^' lA'ittiiifn-CiiaraotiTcn. Ixvi, too, ],S8."). 
 
 JSci i»i>kk's Hi ttkiomks of tmk Kastlun T 
 CAMiiiMiKii;, Mass 
 
 M 
 in Svr- 
 
 ■.MTIW* StaTKS and ( 
 
 IS. iss:;. 
 
 it. Till' DiptiTous I'arasiti's of Xortl. American liuttcrflics lOl 
 pi. x.xxix, IHSO. 
 
 I'svciiE, CAMni!ir)<;K, Mass. 
 
 lit. On tin- ("ollcftion and rn-scrvation of Diptcra, 1. SO- 1. •!•_', ISSJ. 
 
 11. Notes on Asilida', 2').')-L'r)!t, liSM' 
 
 li'. Hiiariniorplia and Apiocera, '.»'.t-102, Lsss. 
 
 1:5. Tile StTew-worni Fly, Coniijsoniyia maceilaria, |:!lI-||,s 
 
 14. On tlie Uliopalonierida', vii, l.S.'J-lST, isHiJ. 
 
 1">. HI)oi)aIomera .\antlioei)s, n. sp. vii, Marcli, IS'i.'). 
 
 ]<!. Xotes on Taeiiinidii", vi, 40<), 410, ISO,;. 
 
 Standako Xatui!ai. Ilisrouv, CAMnuiix.!:, Mass. 
 
 17. Vol. v., Diptera, 40;!-4;;;i, 1S84. 
 
 Kansas rxivKusixY QuAitTKiii.Y, Lawkdnci:, Kansas. 
 
 18. Diptera Hrasiliana, Part II, i, 4:\~U>, JSOJ. 
 
 10. On the Apioeerida- and tlieir Allies, i. ]01-l is, ,,ls. iv, x IS'l.'l 
 •^It. Diptera Hrasiliana, Tart III, i, ]\<)-]-J2, is'.i.;. 
 
 ANA DA, 
 
 J-lit->4. 
 
 -'I. New or Little K 
 
 nown 
 
 Dipt 
 
 era, u, rv,»_7o, iMii; 
 
 On the Genus Dolictioinyia, with the \h 
 
 from Colorad 
 
 o, iii, 41-4.•^ lS!t4. 
 
 ■^cription of a Xi 
 
 w S 
 
 [lecie: 
 
 •>;' 
 
 Xew Genera of Homhvlid; 
 
 24. Two Hemarkahle Xew G 
 
 25. Triptotricha a nil Dialvs 
 
 I', iii, 1S!»4. 
 enera of Diptera, iv. |S!I." 
 
 Hior.oGiA Ckntham-A.mi: 
 
 ysis, iii, 1S!»'). 
 
 Klf'ANA, I.ONIMtN, I'.Ni.l, \NI 
 
 *'. Diptera, vol. iii, 1-SO, j)is. i, ii, |S!)i>. 
 
 CaNAI>IAN ENTOM()r,()(;iST, LoN 
 
 27. An anomalous Homhvlid, 
 
 2S. Eristalis tenta.x, xiii, 17(), 18H1. 
 
 DON, Ontahio. 
 xii, 215-210, ]S7!». 
 
 20. New or Little Known (ie 
 
 S2, 1SS2. 
 
 nora of Xorth'American Syrpliidi 
 
 »', xiv. 
 
 JO. Drosophila ampelophila, xiv, l;;8, 1882. 
 
 II. Tile Xortli Ameri 
 
 an Spoeies of Xemistrinida", xv, 70-7l' 1 
 
 8s;: 
 
Lll 
 
 P.inLKXilfAIMIV. 
 
 >2. Notes and Descriptions of North A\ 
 
 otnyidii", xvii. 1-Jl-l-JiH, 188."), 
 !•'!. North Aiiieriean Taehiiiidio, ( 
 'A. A N 
 
 iierican Xy' ipiiaj'idjL' and Strati- 
 
 ionia, xix, (»-12, 1881 
 
 ew Soutii Anieriean Genus of Coiuipina', xix, l(U-l(i(), 188'; 
 
 •'>. A List of S 
 
 peeies ,)f Dipiera from Sar. Doinio'^), xxv, 170, 171, 180;' 
 
 OMOLOOK AI, LaHOIJATOKV, LaNSIXO 
 
 NoTKS ON InJI 1!I()I s Insix'ts, Kxi 
 
 Mich. 
 
 ■'!(). Scopoiia st'(juax, n. sj). figs. j). o, <;, l,s^;4. 
 
 TkAXSAI TIONS OK TIIK CoNXKCTK LT ACADKMV OF A 
 
 Ni;\v Havkx, Conn. 
 •'!7. Some Interesting New Dijit.ra. iv, 21:]-lM(;. 1880. 
 
 UTS AM> S 
 
 ( iioxeKS, 
 
 !8. 'I'lie North Ai 
 
 oO. Nortli A 
 
 iieriean Species of (\inops, iv, ."rJ.'-iU-J. 188: 
 
 merican Conopidie: Stylogaster, Dalmannia, Oncom 
 
 via. VI. 
 
 icir use as 
 
 87-04, 1884. 
 
 40. Dipterous Larva- from tlie V.\stern Alkaline Lakes and t 
 
 Human Food, vi, 8.'!-8(), 188:>. 
 
 41. North American Conopicia-; Conclusion, vi, ;]77-;]04, xli, 01, 188o. 
 
 J. T. IIatiiawav, Nkw IIavkn, Conn. 
 
 42. Synopsis of tlie Families and (ieneru of North American Diptera, j)p. 
 
 1-84, 1888. 
 
 HlM.KTIX OK THK Olllo ExKKKIMKNT StaTIOX, TkCIINK'AL SkUIES, NoR- 
 
 WAi.K, Ohio. 
 4:). Description of a Species of Ciilorops reared from galls on Muhlen- 
 hergia mexicana hy F. M. Wehster, i, 100-157, 180;}. 
 
 1'ko( Ki:i)iN<is Ami;i!I('ax I'iiilosoi'iiicai. Sociktv, l'nii,Ai>KM'iiiA, Pi:x\. 
 
 44. Coiitrihutions to a .Monograpli of the North American Svrphidie xx 
 
 200-:;:!l>, 188'J. 
 
 Amkuican NATiuAr.isr, I'iiii.adkmmiia, I'knn. 
 
 45. A New Cattle I'est, 1880, \)\. xxx. 
 
 TUAXSACTIONS OK TMi; AmKKICAX KNTOMOLO<iIC A I, SoCIKTY, rilll.AlU: I,- 
 I'llIA, 1'kXX. 
 
 40. On the North American Asilida«; Dasyi)ogonina', Laplirina>, with a 
 new (ienus of Syri)hiila', xi, I-'IO, jjIs. i-iii, 188:]. 
 
 47. On the Nortli Anieriean Asilida', Tart U, xii, 5;]-7(i, 1885. 
 
 48. Dipterological Notes and Descrijitions, xiii, :J87-;507, 188:1. 
 
 40. Catalogue of the Dcscrihed Species of South A 
 
 :{08-;]24, 1880. 
 oO. Diptera Hrasiliana, ab II. II. Smith 
 Syrphida", xv, •J4:)-'J0l', 1888. 
 
 merican Syrphiihe, xii, 
 
 eoUecta, I'art I, Stratonividio. 
 
15inLl()(;i{Al'l!Y. 
 
 LI 1 1 
 
 ol. Ciital(),triu' of the DcscTibL'd Siiocits of South A 
 07-91, IWH. 
 
 ExTOMOi.oGiCAi. Xkws, Til I i.A di; i.i'ii I A, 1'i:n\. 
 
 iiicrifaii Atiili(hi', xviii. 
 
 'j2. C 
 
 A N 
 
 )pt'^tylum mar-inatiini and Voliicelhi fasciata, ii, K^ 1W)2. 
 
 (.'w Si)L'cii.'ti of C'riorrhiiia ami Xott'S on S\ 
 
 i>i. On tlif Genus Erax, v, l:l(5-i;!7. ism. 
 
 vvnonyuiy, iii, ]S<); 
 
 O.J. The Xortli Ainerit-aii I'svchodid 
 
 oC. The A 
 
 i\ iv, ll;]-]14, ISO: 
 
 merican (Jenera of Saproinyzin;e, v, 1!»()-1!)7, 1894. 
 
 eiiiKi', vi, '29-:]2, ISO.J. 
 
 57. A New Taclunid with Keniarkal)le Ant 
 
 Tkansactio.ns of Tin; Kansas Acadk.mv ok Sr 
 
 08. Table o': tlie Families of Diptera, x, li'J-]-JS, 1 
 
 09. Notes and Descriptions of North A 
 
 iKNci;, Toi'KKA, Kansas. 
 
 ISSS. 
 
 in 
 
 (iO. Hihio tristis, n. sp. in Kello<>>,^'s Inseet Not 
 WiKXKK ENTOMorxxiisciiE Zkitin<;, \'ii:n 
 
 erican Tahaniche, x, l-_'!»-M2, 1888. 
 
 es, xiii, ]];}. 189; 
 
 na, 
 
 Ai 
 
 STIilA. 
 
 01. Kine Merkwuerdijve neue Syri)hiden-(;at 
 ISSKCT LiFi;, WaSI1IN(.TOX, 1). ('. 
 ()2. An Australian Parasite of leerya purehasi, i, LM-2:i 1 
 
 tuiiji', iii, 18")-1S0, fi<r. 1884. 
 
 0;5. Note on the ( 
 
 8S9. 
 
 en us Lestoj)lu)nus, i, ."i-JS-IvlO, 188!>. 
 
 04. Leucopis bellula, n. sp. i, '2'u. 1889. 
 
 05. IJelvosia — A studi 
 
 IV 
 
 Hijm.i:tin Umtki) Statks N 
 00. No. ;!1, Synoi)sis of the North Am 
 pis. i-xii, 1880. 
 
 NOUTH AmKIMCAN- FaTNA, WASIIIViTON, 1). C 
 
 07. Diptera of the Death Valley Iv\!)ed 
 .1. T. IIatiiawav, Nkw Havkn, Conn. 
 
 i7-ii40, pis. 189:1. 
 
 ATIONAI. Ml SKIM, WasIIINctoN, D. C. 
 
 eriean Syrphida-, pp. i-xxx, l-:!:{5, 
 
 ition, vii, 25;)-i'59. 189; 
 
 «ilS. Manual of the Families and ( 
 
 ieiiera of Nortli American Di' tt'ra. 
 
 Hici'OKT OF Tin: Stati: KxroMor-oiiiST of I 
 09, I ourteenth Report, p. 05, 1885. 
 
 M.INOIS. 
 
 Psyche, Camhiudgi;, M 
 
 49. wooDwoirni, ciiakles \v 
 
 ASS. 
 
 1. Gonia senilis, Williston, v, 4:1, 1889. 
 
 50. WULP, F. M. VAN DKi{. 
 Ti.rDscnuiFT vooii Entomolo(;ik, Haui i:, 1Ioi,i,am>. 
 
 1. Amerikaanische Diptera xiv, 141-108, pi. xv, 1881 
 
 pis, ix, X, 1881'; xxvi, pp. i, ij, l-O'i, pis. j, ij, 188:{. 
 
 2. Nalezinji: over Anierikaansche Dij»tera, xxvii, pp. 1-4, 1884. 
 
 xxv, pji. 77-i;]0, 
 
 Diamiosis of New Mexican Muscid 
 
 n\ xxxv, 18;!-195. 189:1 
 
LIV 
 
 BIBLIOGUAPIIV 
 
 Notes from the Li:yi>kx Muskim, Ha<;i:e, Holland. 
 4. Remarks on certain American Diptera from tlie Leyden Museum and 
 Descriptions of Nine New Species, iv, pp. 73-S):>, 1892. 
 
 Co.MPTES KeNDIS I>E LA SOCIETK EnTOMOLOG IQIK 1)K LA HliLOigi E, 
 
 Belcium. 
 
 6. Quelquus Dipteres Exotiques, 1881. 
 
 Weiner Entomologische ZEiTUN(i, Vienna, Aistiua. 
 0. Chrysops geminata Wied. und Macq. iii, i»p. i;{9-141, 1884. 
 
 Biologia Centrali Americana, London, England. 
 
 7. l)ii)tera, vol. ii, l-2ti4, i)ls. i-vi. 1888-189(1. 
 
and 
 
 Qi K, 
 
 II'!' 
 
:^OUTII A.AEEIMCAX DIP^IM^HA 
 
 ^ 
 
 TAI'.LK OF THE FAMILIi:s OF DIF'IFK'A. 
 
 1. Klii'S of n Icntlicry or lioriiy stnictiirc, livinu' ])iiriisiti('iilly in tlic mlult 
 
 stiiti' ui)()ii \viirm-l)l(K)(]i'il vertfhriiti'S ; lu'ii<l siiiall, fitlicr closi'ly 
 unitc'fl to tilt' cMuariiiniiti' iititcnor ]i;irt of tlir tlmrax or foldiiiu- luick 
 into a iiToovi' u]>oii tlu' dortoiiii ; luoutli-part iiicoriiiiii'tc, tlii' paljti 
 wantiiiii' ; Icjis si'])arat<.'il hy tlic broad .■itiTiium ; ahdouu'ii indistinctly 
 sogMiontati'd ; claws wi'li (k'vc'lo|)i'd. /'iijiij'iini. . . . A'.] 
 Flit's of softer structurt', never living i>ai'a>iti('ally in the adult state 
 upon vertebrates; head se])arated from the tiioi'ax by a free iieek. 2 
 
 2. Antenna' many-jointed, often longer than tlu' thorax, the two basal 
 
 Joints, ((Illy, differentiati'd, the remainin;i' joints usually ilistinet ; 
 l)al])i composed of three or four joints, usually elongate; anal cell 
 rarely closi'd or narrowed in tlu' marsiin. \iiihihici ni. . .'! 
 
 Antenna' rarely as loiiu' as the thorax, composed jirinuirily of three 
 joints, the third of which may be sinipK' or eoni]dex (that is com- 
 ])ose(l of more or less distinct annuli or sejinients,)* with or without 
 
 a terminal or dorsal arista or ternunal siv 
 
 anal cell (dosed before 
 
 the border, or, distinctly narrowed in the border, oi', if of other 
 structure, the antenna' comjtosed of three simjile joints with or with- 
 out an arista or styli'; i)al|)i rarely much elongate, composed of 
 
 from one to three joints, or rudinieiitarv, 
 
 hi 
 
 * To the beuinner there will be several families here which wil 
 
 cause 
 
 doubt; they are especially the Siiiiii/iiln , lllhiiinlilii , Oiji/iik /i/iiiii/n , and 
 some of the Xi/loplini/inii'. The Siniiiiidn are small, thi(d<-set flies, with 
 the antenna' not longer than the liead, composed of ten joints, the veins of 
 the winns weak and the neuration incomplete'. In the /llliinnii/n the anten- 
 na' have from nine to thirteen joints closely united, altouetlu'r no longer 
 than the thorax ; there is no discal cidl. Oriilim jiliiln is composed of s])eeies 
 not more than three or four millimeters in length; the antenna' are appar- 
 ently three-jointed with a terminal arista; ui.der close exannnation. how- 
 ever, the third Joint will be found to be <'omposed of three segments and 
 the arista of seven. The A'///"/'/"'///'/" will be best distinguisheil by the 
 comi)lete neuration and the closed or narmwt'd amil cell. In all cases 
 where the \y,\\\)\ are found to bi comiiosed of four joints the species may l»e 
 unhesitatingly placed among the \< indtoci ra. 
 
 1 
 
2 
 
 XOIJTH A.MKKICAN DIl'TKlJA. 
 
 :;. Dorsum of thorax with ii compli'ti' V-shapiMl suturt' ;* wiiius (waiitinti- 
 
 rarely) inany-voiiu'd, ot'tuii with a coiniilctt' discal ci'll; oci'ili watit- 
 
 iiiff (prc'som in a few forms); often hir^'e tlies. . TirrLiD.i;. 
 
 Dorsum of tiiorax without a V-sliaped suture, or rarely witli any 
 
 transverse suture, .....;... t 
 
 4. A coini)Iete discal cell i)resent ; em])oilia develoi)ed pulvilliforni, the 
 
 pulvilli rudimentary. Uhvimiid.k. 
 
 No discal cell. .......... 5 
 
 •^>. Antennio composed a])parently of three joints with a terminal arista; 
 
 small species, three or four millimeters in lenj^th. ()i!1'I1ni;i'iiimi).i:. 
 
 Antemiiu not ajiparently conqjosed of tliree joints and a terminal 
 
 arista. .0 
 
 0. Wiiigs witli only a few lonjiitudinal veins, and no cross-veins; coxa> not 
 clonjiate, tihiiu witliout terminal spurs, leys not thicki'ued; ocelli 
 present or absent ; small or minute, ilelicate, mostly nall-jjroducin.u,' 
 
 flies. ('KriDoMviD.K. 
 
 Not such flies; winj^s usually many-veined. .... 7 
 
 7. Ocelli present 8 
 
 Ocelli wanting' (compare J///rr/r)/*/(/7/r/"). ..... 10 
 
 8. \Vin<fs broad, bare, characteristically marked by numerous folds be- 
 
 tween the veins, jrivinff a netted, spiderweb-like api)earanco. 
 
 LlI'ONKUKID.i:. 
 
 Wings not so marked ; no entire transverse suture. ... 
 
 J). Coxtv much elonjj;ated (moderately so in Sn'dn'wt); antenniv often elon- 
 gate, the joints constricted ; three or two ocelli present (in the lattiT 
 case one situated near each eye and often perceptible with diftic\ilty); 
 all the tibiae with spurs Mvcitoimiilid.k. 
 
 Coxa; short, the thorax rounded, not humped above; antenna> shorter 
 than the thorax, thickened, tlie joints closely united withi,,it marked 
 (H)nstrictions ; legs strong, the front femora often thickeiuil ; empodia 
 pulvilliforni, tile pulvilli sometimes absent ; eyes of 5 large. 
 
 lillUONlD.lO. 
 
 10. The costal or marginal vein docs not extend beyond tlie tip of the 
 
 wing. 11 
 
 Tlie marginal vein encompasses the entire wing. ... 12 
 
 11. Antenna) slender, the joints more or less constricted, and often bushy 
 
 plumose; legs slender, hind tibia^ and metatarsi never dilated ; abdo- 
 men slender; wings narrow. .... CniuoNOMiD.i;. 
 
 * Biltacomorplut , Pti/rlioptcm and Idiopltista may cause doubt here. They 
 have the suture incomi)letely V-shaped and sinuous. Compare Iilii/iihidc . 
 
TABLE OF TIIK FAMILIES. 
 
 a 
 
 Aliti'iiiiii' sliortcr tliun tlic tliorax, tlic Joints hroinllv iind closely uiiilccl, 
 witliout niarkc'd coiistrictioii. and never hairy or jiilose; h'us stronu', 
 liintl pair more or less dilated ; liody tliiek-set, alidoinen ovate; winus 
 broad, bari', the anterior veins stouter, the jiosterior weak. I'lack- 
 Hies, nulValo-jinats. ....... Simii.mk.k. 
 
 V2. WinjJTs ovate, tlistaliy witli ten loMuitiulinal veins and witliout cross- 
 veins; vi'ins strongly luiiry ; tibia' without terminal sjiurs ; small, 
 lepidopter-like flies, the winj^s when at ri'st folded root'-sli;iped. 
 
 1*S^(I|,)I)1I>.K. 
 
 Win<,^s with cross-veins near the middle. ..... l;> 
 
 I'-]. Win^^s hairy, frin<;ed on the hind marnin; mosijuitoes. ('ii.icin :,. 
 
 Winj,rs bare; the second vein arises near the miildle of the \\\\\<s. 
 
 DlXIIIl.K. 
 
 14. Third joint of the anteniKO complex ; basal cells of wintr lont;'. lo 
 
 Antenna' comjxjsed of three simi)le joints, the third not annulated or 
 
 se}.nnentateil, with or without a dorsal arista or ternuiuil style or 
 
 arista IS 
 
 lo. Empodia undeveloped or liristle-likt' ; antenna' elongate, composed of 
 four or five joints, without difft'rentiated style or arista ; vertex and 
 front hollowed out transversely between the eyes; eyes of male 
 never contiguous. ......... 2o 
 
 Empodia develojied pulvilliform ; third antennal Joint more or less dis- 
 
 tinctly sepjmentated or annulated; body not bristly, 
 
 !(} 
 
 10. Tejiuliv rather lari,a'; third lonsj^itudinal vein furcate; five jiosti'rior 
 cells always j)resent ; the costal vein ('ncompasses the whole margin 
 of the wiu^; proboscis of the female ailajited for jiiercinu ; third Joint 
 of the antenna' with from three to eiuht annuli, never with stvie or 
 
 bristle. Horseflies. ...... 
 
 Teguhe small or rudimentary; mostly flower-flies. 
 
 Tahamii.i:. 
 17 
 
 17. Tibia> wholly without spurs; hmgitudinal veins of the wiii^s usually 
 
 crowded anteriorly,* the posterior ones often weak; the costal veii\ 
 
 does not reach beyond the tip of tiie winu'; antenna' lon;adr short, 
 
 with or without a terminal or dorsal arista or terminal style. 
 
 Stk.vtkim VIli.V.. 
 
 The middle tibia', at least, with distinct spurs; the costal vein encoin- 
 
 j)asses the entire wing; third longitudinal vi'in always furcate and 
 
 live posterior cells always present. . . Li.rriD.i:. 
 
 IH. AntenUcX' apparently single-jointi'd, with a longbristh'; wings with sev- 
 eral stout veins anteriorly, and other weaker oiu's api)arently con- 
 
 necteil with them; femora HatteiU'd, the hind leys loiu 
 
 antenna' 
 
 situated near the mouth; small, (luick-ruiming, hunchba(kt'd Ww. 
 
 I'llOlMIMO 
 
 Not such Mies. 
 
 I'.t 
 
 
 If very large tlii's from (^entral America, compare ArAXTn().Mi;i!ii>.T. 
 
 '!■ 
 
 
XOHTII AMHinCAX DIITKHA. 
 
 10. Knipodiii (U'velopcd i.ulvilliforiii, tliiit is three neiirly eqiiiil iiicinlinmniis 
 
 iipi»i'ii(la<ios (in till' uikUt side of till' claws. ....-•* 
 
 Kniliodiii wantiiisj:, rudimentary or linear, never develoiied like tlie 
 
 1 Ml- ''2 
 
 pulvilli. 
 
 20. Teuuho very lar.ue; tliorax ami abdomen inllated ; head sniall, eyes 
 
 hirf,^'; neiiration varied Acii'x'intin.K. 
 
 To.uuhi' of moderate size or rudimentary -1^ 
 
 21. Middle tibia- at least with spurs; no bristles on femora or tibia'; third 
 
 lons^ntudinal vein furcate; five posterior cells jireseiit (four in 
 J)l(ili/sis); anterior cross-vein always distinct ; third joint of the an- 
 tenine with a bristle or slender style, usually terminal. Lki'TID.i,. 
 
 Xot such flies 
 
 Third lonj.ntudinal vein of the wings not furcate. . . . ^U 
 Third lonuitudinal vein furcate, two or more snbmarninal cells 
 
 jirescnt -" 
 
 Arista or style of antennii? when present always terminal. . . 2t 
 
 Arista dorsal, always present •^'' 
 
 Vertex and front distinctly hollowed out between the eyes; eyes of 
 male never contiguous; ))asal cells large; mostly large flies. . 25 
 
 Front and vertex plane or convex 2(5 
 
 Proboscis with flesliy labella at the tip; neuration complicated, the 
 fourth vein at least curves forward to terminate before the tij) of the 
 
 wing; palpi rudimentary or wanting Mvdaid.t.. 
 
 Proboscis without Heshy labella at tij), the under part forming a horny 
 sheath; five posterior cells always present; ])alpi usually prominent. 
 
 ASIMD.K. 
 
 20. Five i)osterior cells in the wing; basal cells large. . . . 2!) 
 Never more than four jiosterior cells in the wing. ... 27 
 
 27. Third antonnal joint without bristle or style ; three posterior cells ; first 
 
 ^ posterior cell narrowed or closed, the fourth longitudinal vein termi- 
 nating at or before the tip of the wing. . . Scenoimnid.e. 
 Third aiitennal joint usually with terminal style; four or three jioste- 
 rior cells; the fourth vein terminates beyond the tip of the wing. 21S 
 
 28. Anal cell narrowly open, or closed near the margin; discal cell jires- 
 
 ent. .......•• PoMnvi.iiD.K. 
 
 Anal cell closed remote from the border, sometimes wanting; if I'loseil 
 near the border {/Illanmorpha), the discal cell wanting. Emimo.k. 
 
 2U. Xeiiration intricate, the anterior cross-vein wanting or rudimentary, 
 owing to the coalescence of the third and fourth veins for a longer 
 or shorter distance ; tibia> without terminal spurs; em])oilia ami jtiil- 
 villi memliranous, but frequently minute. . Nkmistkinidk. 
 
 09 
 
 on 
 
 24. 
 
 20. 
 
 :jn 
 
 ■10, 
 
TAl'.LK OK TlIK FA.MILIKS. 
 
 Xeuration not iiitricato : Jiiiti' 
 I)n>h().><cis flrsliv. 
 
 nor cross-vein always dislinct; lahclla of 
 
 JO. TIk' fourtli vein UTiiiiriatcs lut'i 
 
 orjiaiis proiiiiiK'iit. 
 
 'tv thf tip of tiic 
 
 eriiiinatcs l)cv( 
 
 The fourth v<.'iii t 
 ortjans small. 
 
 11. Aiitoiiiia> with a dorsal arist: 
 
 wiii.-i'; male so.xiial 
 Ari(»(i;i;ir) 1.. 
 
 Ill' 
 
 .\iial 
 
 (he tip of tlK' winy; male si 
 
 'riiKi;i;vii».i: 
 
 Anti 
 
 muL' witli a terminal arista or stvh 
 
 W 
 
 ni.!^s pointed, no cross-veins in the middle, the fonrlh lon-itndinal 
 vein lurcate and arising from the fifth ; small 
 
 Win<>> 
 
 rounded at tlie tij), not lancet-1 
 
 species. 
 
 CIIOITKUin.K 
 
 iKe, 
 
 second hasal cell continent with the diseal cell 
 le au.xiliary vein does not terminate in tli 
 
 brilliant-colored, jiredaceoiis fl 
 
 les. 
 
 Second hasal cell separated from the diseal cell 1 
 
 not separati'dhy a vein, 
 c cosia ; small, mostly 
 Doi.n iioi'ii).]:. 
 
 >y a vem. 
 
 >4. Antennio with a terminal style, 
 Antenna3 with a terminal hristl 
 
 'i'J 
 
 e. 
 
 First 
 
 posteri(n- c '1 closed (Connpi,!,, pt., S>fr/,/,i>/.i , pt.) 
 
 First i)osterior cell open. 
 
 >(). Head coini)aratively small, the ])ro) 
 of wiiii-s usmilly rudimentarv. 
 
 !•: 
 
 10 
 
 MI'Ili.K. 
 
 loscis more or less elonyated • al 
 
 II la 
 
 Head as ))ro,ad as the tl 
 
 lorax; proboscis flesliy; alula distinct. 
 
 I-: 
 
 MriD.i;. 
 
 Trol 
 
 I'l.ATVj'Kzin.i: 
 
 mscis rudimentary, paljii wantin<x; first post 
 
 rowed; tegula; usuallv I 
 
 I rue. 
 
 Proboscis not rudiment 
 
 IJotrt 
 
 posterior cell usuallv nar- 
 
 les. 
 
 irv 
 
 palpi { 
 
 (i:sT 
 
 KID.K 
 
 • resent. 
 
 ;JS. Second basal cell confluent with the diseal 
 
 small vein; small, mostly brilliant-colored 
 never broad and convex. 
 Second basal cell separated from the d: .cal cell b 
 
 cell, not sejtarated l)y a 
 
 (if not, 
 
 not brilliant-colored predaceo .s flies). 
 
 liredaci'ons Hies ; face 
 
 l)()Mcin)i'ii).i:. 
 
 y a small cntss-vein 
 
 0. Basal cells of wini? elony-ate tl 
 
 first jiosterior cell closed 
 /'ipinirii/i(/(i). 
 
 or I 
 
 I'osterior basal cell small, the anal cell ah 
 
 niaryin. 
 
 le an:;, cell closed toward the maruin ; 
 nuch narrowed (cxcejit sometimes in 
 
 40 
 
 ays closed remote from the 
 
 ■10. Face witli subantcnnal vertical 
 
 V 
 
 firooves or dejiressioi 
 
 ICO convex transversely or with a ineilian ridi 
 tennal dejtression. 
 
 •c; tiever with a sul 
 
 42 
 
 »aii- 
 
 41 
 
6 
 
 NOllTII AMERICAN DUTEKA. 
 
 41. Between tlie third iind fourth loiijritudinal veins :i,id siih-imrallel witli 
 
 tlieni, crossins,' the anterior eross-vein, a si)nrio(Js h)ii,untiidiiial vein, 
 or, when rarely not i>resent, tlie first postorior cell elosid a eonsid- 
 
 enihle distance from the border Svi!i>iiii>vi;. 
 
 Spurious vein never i)rescnt; first posterior cell not closed before the 
 margin; eyes very larjic; small species. I'ln n< ri.in.i:. 
 
 42. Troboscis horny and elon.^ate, often f(ddinji back near the middle; ab- 
 
 domen never with bristles; tibia' without trrnunal si)urs or if with 
 spurs, the face with a median ri<l;ie, and the probo.scis foldinj;; first 
 
 posterior cell closed or narrowed Conoi'id.i:. 
 
 Proboscis fleshy and not elongate; if elongate and slender, with or with- 
 out a median hinge, the body with distinct bristles, or the bristle 
 of the antenna; plumose 'SU.-hcukv. sois: Int. 
 
 43. Wingless flies, parasitic upon bats; head not flattened, folding l)ack 
 
 upon the dorsum of the thorax ; first joint of tarsi not abbreviated. 
 
 NvcTEKiniiM:. 
 Winged or wingless flies, parasitic upon l)irds or mammals ; head flat- 
 tened, sunk into a shallow emargination of the thorax; first joint of 
 the four anterior or of all the tarsi abbreviated. . IIii'poijosciu.k. 
 
("KCIDOMVIDJ.. 
 
 oirnioinjiiAPiiA 
 
 1. ('I':ci])()Mvii»j:. 
 
 SiiKill. sloiidrr Hies willi hi'oiul wiiii^'s. and l<»ii,i,' anIciiiiM' and 
 I'cot. Head small , eyes round or rt'inionu. sonictiincs iKilop- 
 tie: ()('(dli usiiallv wantini'': antenna- Ioul;'. cvlindvical or Ix'ad- 
 like, (.'oiuposed ol' a lar_L,n' innuhcr of joints ten to thirty-six; 
 in many species the joints beaded or jx'tiolate and vcrticillatc, 
 especially in tlu' $; proboscis short, elon^'ated in one .i^cnns 
 oidy ; [)alpi usually with four joints. Thorax ovate; more or 
 less convex, without transverse suture; abdomen composed oi' 
 eight scifinents; hypopygium composed of a j»air of pi'ojccting 
 liooklets ; ovipositor sometinu's much elongated. Legs long 
 and slender; coxie not very long; tibia' without terminal 
 s[)urs ; the first joint of tarsi sometinu'S very short. Wings 
 large, usually hairy, mirrowed at the root, without alula ; at 
 tiie most with five, usually with but three, longituilinal veins, 
 viz: the first, the third, and the tilth; the i'ourtli and tlie sixth 
 sometimes present; tiie humeral cross-vein indistinct, or want- 
 ing; costal vein enclosing the entire wing; veins all weak; 
 the fif'tli usually furcate ; antei'ior cross-vein very near the 
 root of the wing, often aj)i)earing as the beginning of the third 
 vein, the real origin of the third vein having the ajtpearance 
 of a short cross-vein ; only one basal cell present. 
 
 The family CecidomyiiUe includes a very large number of 
 frail, delicate, often vei-y minute Hies, but is of the gi'eatest 
 interest to the biologist as well as the econonne (-ntomologist. 
 At present about 000 or 700 species are known. 
 
 The egg of the Cecidomyida' is souiewhat elongated, roumled 
 at both ends, orange yellow or white in color. The time re- 
 (piired for hatching is very variable and depends upon the 
 weather, sometimes retpiiring a very few hours, but more gen- 
 
 % 
 
 ' I 
 
 I ' r 
 
 ; I' 
 
 era 
 
 lly a f 
 
 ew 
 
 lavs or even weeks 
 
 k^ 
 
 Th(» larval food is almost 
 
NOW 111 ami; II KAN DII'IKKA. 
 
 w 
 
 hell 
 
 V V('<4'('t;it 
 
 il'ol 
 
 II (It'CilVllI''' w 
 
 Tin- larvn" ol soiiu- siu'cics have lit'cii lii'cil 
 (»()(! .111(1 lmll)s. otlit'i's liiMii uiuii'i' the liark of 
 trees, or from t'uiiLji. lliit tlic Lirfit iiiajoritv |ti't'l'<'r living;' plants. 
 uttiicking the soi't and ,nreeii [larts. Most, of the hirva' are 
 inonc^phajjjous. livin.i^ almost exehisivelv on a single kind of 
 ])hint, or at h'asl ehiselv allie(l phmts; hut 1 here are certain 
 exeei)tions. such as ('. sisi/inhi'li. which is said to iorni the ,u;all 
 in spriii<;' on the harherry, and hiter in the season on a nastur- 
 tinni. There are certain others which are impiilinous. that is 
 •fuests or jiarasites in galls formed hy other Cecidomyids. 
 Finiill' , some live panisitic^iilly in the society (d' plant lice. 
 Not a iV'W. such as the Jlessian Hy, live upon the surface of 
 jdants, or in the axils of their leaves; but the gr'-ater numher 
 ]ienetrate inside the }»lant, iiroducing the so-called galls. 
 Every part of the })lant from the I'oot to the Hower and the 
 fruit is liable to such attacks. With a few rare excejitions, 
 eaeli species attacks the same jiart of the jilaiit and deforms it 
 in the sanu^ manner. The galls cause deformations and excre- 
 scences attached to the stalks, stems, or flowers, destroying 
 tlio ])lant-tissue. When first hatched the larva' are colorless 
 and translucent, witli the alimentary canal showing tlirough 
 the skin greenish. Later in life they assume diffei'cnt shades 
 of red or yellow. They have the extraordinarv number of 
 fourteen segnunits, thus forming an a})parent exception to the 
 larv[« of all other insects, which, as a general rule, j)ave thir- 
 teen. The supernumerary segment is placed between the head 
 and first thoracic; segment. The larva' have nine ])airs of 
 stigmata along the sides of the body ajiparent as more or less 
 nil>ple-shaped projections. The head is not ditferentiated; the 
 jaws are rudimentary and there are large two-jointed palpi oi- 
 antennte. The last alxloniinal segment is smooth and rounded, 
 sometimes with tuoercles or a i)air of horny processes which 
 are said to be used by the larva- in leaping. On the under 
 side of the body at the jtmction of the first thoraeic with the 
 sui)ernumerary segnuMit there is a horny, more or less elon- 
 
ri:('ii)().MVii)<K 
 
 of 
 ,ttu' 
 liir- 
 K'iul 
 
 of 
 
 il'SS 
 
 Itho 
 or 
 lo.l, 
 ,ich 
 idcr 
 till' 
 On- 
 
 .l;;i1.('(1 iiitjit'iidn^i' wliosc use or lioiiiolo^'V is iiiiI\iio\vii. 1 1 
 varit^s in sli;i])t' in ditfi'i't'iir si^'cics. l;]ii' fn-c end souiftinit's 
 tcnniiiat iiiL;' in two joints, sonictiincs in one. some t inn 's toot In m I 
 
 and scrratrd 
 
 Ins or^an. disi-ov) 
 
 ivd 1 
 
 i\' von l.acr 
 
 na; 
 
 H'cn 
 
 called l)v ( )st('n Sackm the ■• l)rt'ast lioiif "; in I'ji'^land it is 
 
 Known as tin 
 
 th 
 
 anclioi 
 
 )l'OC('SS 
 
 r.v some it is tlionnld. to lie 
 
 a i»s('ndo|)od ; l)y others the nu-ntnin; and Miss ( )nnerod Ue- 
 licves its funotioii is tliat of a scraper or diu-Ljcr in olitaininn 
 food from the stems. ^lore proliahly its nse is for h>coniotion, 
 or for (duumanL' the iiositioii of the hirva in its cocoon or case. 
 
 I 
 
 The motions of the Lirva^ are usnalh si 
 
 ow. excei)t iliL;' thost 
 
 which live on the surface of leave 
 
 T] 
 
 lose winch change 
 
 tl 
 
 len- 
 
 abode Ixd'ore assuming the pnpa state beconu' very active 
 
 about the jieriod of metamor[)hosi; 
 
 A vei'v u'l't'iit activity 
 
 was observed by Winnertz in some? such lai'va' altera thnnder 
 storm. They left their hiding ]ilaces nndcr gronnd and 
 crawled about restlessly for some tinu' ; repeating these actions 
 after every thunder storm, some even two months after h'av- 
 
 ins 
 
 th 
 
 en- s. 
 
 :alls. 
 
 Owing to their rudimentary moutli-i)arts it seems evident 
 that the larvie must feed \ij)on jnices only, and that they need 
 very little m)urishment is shown bv the fact that thev attain 
 their full growth and develojiment in a gall just lai'ge enough 
 to enclose them, ai)pareutly hermetically sealed and for the 
 nuist i)art with hard walls. It is probable that they absorb 
 nourishment in a (piieseent state. As nmny as sixty individ- 
 uals have been known to live in a single gall. What causes 
 the galls is not easy to say ; i)robably sonu' ])eculiar irrita- 
 tion produced by the insect. It is {jrobable that the larva' 
 of ('(>ri(/o>tif/i(f do not undergo nH)ultings like most di[)ter()ns 
 larva'. P.efore assuming the iiu})a state seme larva/ leave 
 their galls and conceal themselves undei- ground, in dry leaves 
 ami moss or under the bark of trees ; while others, on the con- 
 trary, complete their transformation within the gall its(df. 
 The pupa^ an^ generally, but not always, encdosed in the cocoon, 
 
 I ! 
 
10 
 
 NOllTII AMKKICAN TIIITEKA. 
 
 wliicli AViiinortz says is id'odiiccd hy ;iii exudation or excretion 
 from tlie larva' and is not spun. Larva' wliieli liad fastened 
 themselves to the leaf were surnmnded in twenty-i'our houi's 
 by a wliite halo of threa(l-li]<" particles like spicules of crystals, 
 the larvte remaininj^^ ahnost wholly motionless. The cocoon 
 is completed within a few days but even then shows no traces 
 of the i^enuine web. There seems to he no doulit, however, 
 but that they do in some eases actually s[)in a cocoon, as is 
 so frequently the case auuuiL,' the funj^us-j^-nats. Tlu' ('han,u;e 
 to the pujja state is marked by an alteration of color, the ante- 
 rior segments of the larva' become distended, and tlie legs. 
 wings, and antenna' develo[»ing and ra[)idiy attaining their 
 full jmpal dimensicms. 
 
 The p(n'iod of ])U[)ation is very variable, depending npon 
 warmth and moisture. The (leveloi»ment is retarded hy 
 cold, though they are cai)able of withstanding a very low ile- 
 gree of temjierature. 
 
 One ot the most remarkable tilings in the biology of these 
 or any other insects was discovered by AN'agner in ISOv). Ac- 
 cording to this scientist, the larva' of certain species belonging 
 to the genus Midxtor, ;nul which live under the hark of trees, 
 l)roduce from ovary-like organs a number of eggs which liatidi 
 witliin the abdominal cavity of tlie parent and there remain, 
 ftH'ding npon the abdominal tissues which surround them, 
 "intil they are consmned. They then escape to iiu'rease in 
 size and produce another generation in the sanu' remarkable 
 manner. These series of as"xual reprodnctions are I'cpeated 
 until finally, from the last brood, pupa' are devidoped which 
 undergo their transl'ornuition into imagines, and h'oiu which 
 a new series of eggs, agamic broods of larva' anil pupa' in 
 their turn result. There are other instances of pa'dogenetic 
 rei)roductiou among diptera, hut noiu' so iutci'csting as 
 this. 
 
 This fanuly contains sonu' of the nn»st destructive of all in- 
 s(M'ts in nuin's economy, and perli;i])S the most iui])ortant of 
 
CKCIDOMYID.K 
 
 11 
 
 these is d'cidiiiii ii'ui {( Hiijofrnjih us) ilcsfrmiitr, coiiiUHnily enl.- 
 0(1 1,he iressian Fly, trdiii the heliet'. ]irol)al»ly err(>iuM»iis. that 
 it was hrsl, iiit roiiueed iiwo this country in straw hrou^h" 
 hy Hessian ti'oojis durinL;' tlie llevdlution. 
 
 The fly is very small, hut little more than an eighth of an 
 inch in len,L;th, of a prevailiui;,' lihick eoh)i', with the alHlonieii 
 pinkish ^)V hnjwnish. There are two hroods, in sjumiil;' and 
 autumn. Tlu^ female deposits her e^'^s, oiu' or two at a time, 
 on the upper side of the leaves of wheat, to the iiund)er of 
 from eighty to a huiulred, or even nuu'e. nateinnn' in from 
 four to eiij^ht days, if the weather is favorable, tlie y(dh)wisli 
 red larva* crawl downward on the le.ucs until they insert 
 themselves between the leaf and the stalk. Here they remain 
 ([uieseent, y'rowinj;' by nu'ans of ind)il)itioii or absorption of 
 the juiees of the i)lant, until they vo\u-\\ the size of a small 
 ,i;-rain of rice. The larva' that are hatci;ed in April in a few 
 weeks assume the i)Upa state, called the tlax-seed sta.g-e. In 
 August the second brood appears, the feimde of which (h'jiosits 
 
 her etj:;;'s m yt'^v.-'^ \\ 
 \\v soon hat(di and 
 
 inter wheat or other ;grain, where the lar- 
 aeiiuire the iiax-st'cd condition in a, few 
 
 weeks, or by November, in which condition they pass the 
 wiutei'. In ICnj^-land there is but one brood, that of early 
 summer, ami the Hv is not luvirlv so injurious to iirrowinu' <jrain. 
 
 tn 
 
 hie 
 
 Ded 
 
 TAnLK OF (iKNKKA. 
 
 Fourth loiiLiitiKlinul vein waiitiiij: 
 Fourth loii;;ituiliiiiil vein prcsi'iU. 
 
 ("l.CinO.M VIN.l 
 
 Lkstkkmiin.i 
 
 (-11 
 
 Icli 
 
 in 
 
 Itie 
 
 as 
 
 in- 
 
 CKCIDOMVINMO. 
 
 1. Fifth loiiuitudinnl vein i'lirciiti', \\\v lir.^t JoiiU of the tarsi usually shorti *■ 
 
 than the i'ollowiiii;-. ,....,.,.- 
 
 Fiftli h)n^itutliual viiii not furcate, the initatarsi louniT than the follow- 
 
 iiiii' joint, the last two joints vitv small. , ... 14 
 
 -'. First and tliird lonii'ituilinal veins <listinetly se])arated from each other 
 
 ami from the eosta ; costa not tomeiilose. > 
 
 First and third veins closely appro.NimatiMl to the costa and ilillicult to 
 
 distiun'uish, tlie costa ajtpareiuly tliicki'Mcd. 1".' 
 
12 
 
 XOKTII AMKHICAX DH'TEIJA. 
 
 .■). Antctiiia' l)('!i(l-liki', tlic joints virticillaU'. ..... 4 
 
 Aiitciiiiu! cvliiidrical, tliu joints ii])i)r<).\iMiiit((l, not pi'tiohitc, and jjro- 
 vidud witii siiort, close liair. 11 
 
 4. 'I'liL' third longitudinal vein tt-rniinatcs in tiu' cosla before the ti]) of tlie 
 
 winji. 
 
 (!>' 
 
 (isi/iKuni) CiociKo.-M vi.\ I.oew (iion Meiii'en). 
 
 The third vein ternunates at or l)eyoMd the tip of tlie u 
 
 mu' 
 
 1) 
 
 T). Thora.x hiuhly arciied, hood-like, over tlu' head. IloitMo.M^ ia Lot'W. 
 Thorax only moderately i relied ; winjrs irridescent. 
 
 0. Win<i'.s with but three lonu'itudinal veins, tlu' first, third and fifth. 7 
 
 Winers apparently with four lonuituilinal veins, the first, third and two 
 
 in ])laee of the fiftii, the furcation takini;' ]ilace so near tiie root of 
 
 the winjjf a.s to i.nve the appi'arance of two lonjiitudinal veins. 10 
 
 7. The anterior cross-vein, that is tlie vein arisinu; at the root of the winu,- 
 and conneetin^i;' with ttie tinrd nearly wiiere it arises from tlii' first, is 
 curved /-shaped. ......... S 
 
 The anterior cross- vein is lU'arly strai.ylit, a])i)earinji' as the begiuinng 
 of the third vein. !> 
 
 S. Wings vcrv lon<'' and narrow. . . . Coi.i'oniA Winnertz. 
 
 Wings !i()t more than three times as long as wide. Ki-inosis Loew. 
 
 0. Joints of the antenna' })etiolate, in the male usually with two bead-like 
 swellings on each joint. 
 
 {(Jcclddiii'ilii Meigen non Loew) Diri.osis Loew. 
 Joints not j>etiolate<l, or at the most tlie n\ales with a single bead like 
 
 swelling on eatdi joint. 
 
 l)ll!III/A I. 
 
 oew. 
 
 10. Palpi large, with the last joint elongate; anterior cross-vein /-shajjed. 
 
 AsvNAl'TA Loew. 
 
 Palpi small, the last joint but little or not at all longer I'lati the jxnul- 
 
 timate; anti'rior cross-vein but little curved. \Vi\n"i;i!tzia Hondani. 
 
 11. The third longitudinal viin terminates before tlii' tip of the wing; fifth 
 
 vein not furcate. ..... SrANi()(i;i!A Winnertz. 
 
 Till' third vein termiiiatts at or beyond the lip of the wing; liftli vein 
 furcate, ....... Asi'Iion'dvi.ia Lmw. 
 
 VI. Proboscis much elongated, direeied downward. ( 'i.iNoiin vnciia Lot'W. 
 Proboscis short. .......... 1-i 
 
 1.']. jMctatarsi shoi-ter than the following joint. . Lasioi'ti;ka Meigen. 
 Metatarsi longer thai tlie foUowiiig joint. . Diomv/.a Stephens. 
 
 1 \. Wings with luit two longitudinal veins, the first aiid lifth, the latter not 
 furcate, and neither reaching beyond the niiddli' of tlie wing. 
 
 lli.Ti;i;()i'i;ZA Wiiinertz. 
 Wings with three longitudinal veins, the first, third and lil'lli, the third 
 reaching to the lijiol' llu' wing, the lifth not furcate. 
 
 MiASToi; Meinerl 
 
 f 
 
MYCiyroriiiLin.K. 
 
 13 
 
 iii:sTiM:.MiN.i:. 
 
 1. Fourth loiiiritiiiliiial vein i'lircati'. ..,....;> 
 Fourtli louuitiidiual •■(.•in not t'urciitc. ...... 2 
 
 2. Aiiti'iiiKL' ('()iiii>osc'(l of from 11 to ■_'■'> joints, jictiolatc in tlii' $. 
 
 ( '.vMi'vi.oM vz.\ .Miiurn. 
 i\nii'nna' c'onijiost'd of 11 {$) or H ( 9) joints, jHtiolali' in luitlur sv\. 
 
 Miciio.M vi.v iJondani. 
 
 ;!. ncolli absi'nt or indistinct. ........ 4 
 
 Ocelli distinct. 5 
 
 4. Antenna' 1 1-jointcil in both s('.\(s. . . . Ckcihooona Loiw. 
 Antenna- I'i-jointcd in the $, 11 or iii-Jointed in tlie 9' 
 
 1 j;stki;mi.v .M;iC(iuart. 
 
 •". The anti'rior branch of the fourth lonuitudinal vt'iii /-shaiud, tlie jios- 
 terior branch in a strai;.dit line witli the jirefurca. Tiirro/voA I.oew. 
 'I'lie anti'rior ])ranch oidy lightly curved ; antenna' of 9 •'•-.jointed. 
 
 C.VKHiiA ilalidav. 
 
 >\v. - 
 
 ce 
 ■\v. 
 
 d. 
 ■\v. 
 nil- 
 mi. 
 
 il'ili 
 rtz. 
 ,H'in 
 lew. 
 
 lew. 
 
 i;". 
 
 ;en. 
 
 "IS. 
 
 not 
 
 •rtz. 
 bird 
 
 •rt 
 
 2. MYCKTOl'llILID.K. 
 
 ^Fostly siniill, delicate, slender Hies, with more or les.s cloii- 
 fjjated coxie. Head .siiuiU. rounded or s'lmcwliat elon,u;'ate. 
 Eyes round, somewliat jtroininent ; ocelli two or three in nniu- 
 lier, wlien only tv.'o, placed one on each orhital niar^in ; when 
 three in nnniher, placi'd tran.sversely in the form of a sliallow 
 triano-l(>. Front broiid in hotii si'.xe.s. Antenme eloni^ated, 
 curved, twelve to si.xteen jointed, the two liasal joiids dilfi f- 
 entiatcd, the remainder cylind./ical, flattened or iictiohite<h 
 l'rolK)scis rar(dy elon,i,^ated ; ]ial)ii three or four jointed, usu- 
 ally inflected, the first joint sni;;ll. Thorax more or less, 
 sometinu's hin'lily arcdied. without transverse suture; nietano- 
 tunilaro't"; scutellinn small. Alidomen clon;.;ate(l, c(ni|iose(i 
 of six or seven seo'ments, cyliiulrical or compressed, sonu'timcs 
 narrowed at the base; male ^cintalia project in;.;' t'orcepsdike ; 
 ovipositor ])ointed, usually with two ternnnal laiiKdlic. L(\o\s 
 
 more or less elotn^ated. the coxa' nior 
 at 
 
 e (M' less, s 
 
 ( met imes much 
 
 clono'ated; leiuora more or less dilated, tiliue with sjiurs. 
 Wings laro^e (wanting' in the $ of I'.)i!i/ii/ins)[ auxiliary \eiu 
 present, thou.nii sometimes riidimeniary ; second lonoitudinal 
 
14 
 
 XOIMII A.MKIJK'AN DIPTKRA 
 
 vf'in \Viiiitiii,%^; the third vein arises Iroin tlio lirst nsu;illy at 
 such an aii,:4"le that its tii'st section (to the anteri(n' ('r()^^s-veill) 
 iias tlie appearance of a er(jss-vein ; fourth vein al\v;iys, the 
 third and fifth eitlier furcate or not; sixth vein never fiu'cate, 
 .sometimes rudiment, irv : seventli vein usually short, often 
 rudiniontary or entirely wanting ; diseal and posterior basal 
 cells always waiitinj,'. 
 
 The family ^Mycetophilida", commonly known as fun,L;ris- 
 t^niats, comprises seven oi' ei.^'ht hundred known sjjecies of 
 small or minute flies, the best known of whicdi are, perhaps, 
 the various dark-winged species of Sri'ira so common about 
 gardens. In the iollowing description of the immature stages 
 1 draw largely from Osten Sacken. 
 
 The larva' have a distinct lun-ny head; horny, liat, lanudli- 
 lorm mandibles ; maxilhe with a large coria(,'eous inner lobe 
 and a horny outside piece, with a circular excisit)n at the tip. 
 the labium small, horny, almost laidimentary ; the antenna' 
 are usually small or rudimentary, the ocelli arc either wanting 
 or seen in a small pellucid spot belo\v each antenna'. The 
 body is subcylindrical, more or less elongated, fleshy, whitish 
 or yellowish, and composed of twelve segments. It is smooth, 
 without hairs or bristles, except those on the ventral side. It 
 is generally transi)arent, showing distinctly the intestinal 
 canal arid the tracliea. Tlu're are eight i)airs of stigmata, one 
 on the first segnuMit, and seven on the first seven abdominal 
 segments, the last two having none. The loconujtory organs 
 consist of more or less api)arent transverse swellings on tlu' 
 under side of the ventral segments, sometinu'S furnished with 
 minute bristles or spines. 
 
 The larva' present some of the most singular habits among- 
 all dii)tera. Tlu-y are gregarious, and live in or upon decaying 
 matter. Most of the species seem to prefer fungus or fungoid 
 substance's, wlu'uce comes the common name of i'ungus-gnats 
 applied to the matun' insect. The larva' of Srhira are found 
 among decaying leaves, in vegetable mold, in cow-dung, under 
 
.MYr!:'n»iMiiLii),i: 
 
 It, 
 
 iiiii 
 
 us 
 
 ith 
 
 lats 
 
 h\(l 
 
 U'f 
 
 tilt' hark of (It'ad ti'ct'S, etc. Tin' larvjc arc said to iiiniilt scn- 
 crul tiint'S hi'lorc puiiatini;'. The larva' of many species spin, 
 delicate webs ovei- the surface (d' fuie^'i- and on this weh they 
 live until ready to ])U]iate, when they spin a dense cocoon in 
 sheltered sjjots ; others live within the decaying- tun^i. i'ei'- 
 haps the most singular habits of all are those of species ol' 
 Sc'inrd, whi(di are even more gregarious than other mendu'rs 
 of this family. They have the singular ])i'opensity of sticking 
 together in (huise pat(dies. and will form ]irocessions some- 
 tiuH'S twelve oi' fourteen I'ct't in length, and two or three inches 
 broad. 'I'he ])henomenon has lieeii observed fi-e(|uently both in 
 Europe and America, bur, the I'cason therefor is not yet well 
 umh'rstood, though the object of the migration seems to be 
 the search for better feeding grounds. iJecause of this hal)it, 
 the nanu> of "army worm"' has been given to them. \'et 
 m(U'e singidar is the pliosphorescent character of the larva' of 
 some sj)ecies. The hi 'va'. [trobably of SciDjilnln. were obserNcd 
 by Hudson to be so luminous that ••the light of a single indi- 
 vidual kept in a caterpillar cage may be seen streaming old. 
 of the ventilators at a distam-e of several i'eet." 
 
 The pupa' of Myceto[)hili(he are free, — that is they are not 
 
 contaiiu'd within the larval skii 
 
 1. as IS so common 
 
 Iv tl 
 
 le caS( 
 
 with diptera. They are usually smooth, with the legsapi»lied 
 to the breast and venter, tin' antcume bent around the eyes, 
 and tlu'ir remaining ]iortion ajiplicd to the breast between the 
 wings and tlu; h'gs. The [)upa' of not a b'W are enclosed in a 
 cocoon of more or less density, si)un by the larva'; othi'rs 
 enclose themselves in earthy cases. 
 
 The study of the mature insect re(pures some care. I'sually 
 a compouml microscope is lu'cessary for the detection (d' m icv 
 characters, t'sixn-ially of the more minute species, and geiici- 
 ally, when there is doubt of the identity, it is best to mount, 
 the whole insect or the nn)re imiKU'tant ])arts under a cover 
 glass. 
 
 Ill .Vmei'ica. as elsewhere, but little stud\' has lieen -jivcn to 
 
16 
 
 NORTH AMKIilCAX DirTKllA. 
 
 this f'liinily. and. lit'iu^c tluM'e arc doubtless not a I'cw ^ciicim 
 that liave liitluu'to osea}»ed di'tcction. The followiii,^;' table has 
 been mostly (!oiU[)iled from V. d. Widp, Winiiert/ and Seliiner, 
 and nompai'cd with representatives of most <d' the ,L!,'enera. 
 
 f'jjt'Khijtits srdhh's has I'eeentlv been shown by Hopkins to be 
 a cause of the potato scab. Various species of Sritiro have 
 also been bred from ])()tatoes and other vegetables. The lar- 
 va; of Srhu'd uKill ''destroy the interior of ap})les by burrow- 
 ing througli them, whih^ the fair exterior shows no indication 
 of concealed attack." The larvu' of a species of Excrhln have 
 been found by Lintner very tlestructive to mushrooms. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Coxiu Muxlcrati'ly lotii?; anterior (Toss-vcin in tlic Sfino rifjflit lino with 
 
 the second section of tlie tiiird vein; furcation of tiie fiftii ami sixtli 
 
 veins near the base of the winji'. .... Sciahi.v.k. 
 
 Coxa> nmch elonj^ated; aiUerior cross-vein not in the same rij^lit line 
 
 with the second section of the thin! vein. .... 2 
 
 2. Oritjin of the fourth vein near the base of the win^-; seventh vein more 
 
 or less incomjtlete. .,.......■"> 
 
 Orijiin of the fourth vein at or near the middle of the win<f; seventh 
 vein \isually complete. ........ 4 
 
 n. Third lonji'itudinal vein furcate, the anterior branch usually so near the 
 origin and so transverse in i)osition that it resembles a sui)eniume- 
 rary cross- vein ; three ocelli jtresent . . . Scioi'iiim.n.k. 
 Third loiifiitudinal vein not furcate; two or three ocelli i)resent. 
 
 ^Mvci.Toriiii.ix.i;, 
 
 4. Anterior branch of the third vein very lon<;', ternnnatin<;' in the costii 
 and arisinji very close to or at the beginning of tiie second section of 
 
 the third vein MvcKToniiXyi:. 
 
 Anterior branch of the third vein short, nu)re transverse, usuall}' ending 
 in the first vein. ......... o 
 
 •'). The ])refurca of the fourth vein arises from the third vein beyond the 
 
 apparent cross-vein, i. e. the cross-vein is really wanting and the 
 
 third and fourth veins are coalescent for a short distance. . (I 
 
 The fourth vein contin\U'S in the same line before the cross-vein to its 
 
 origin from the fifth. . {/hilild/ililliiKi) Bomtoimiii.a Mi'igen. 
 
 (i. Antenna' short and tinck-set, often flattened. . 
 Antenna' long and slender, longer than the bodv. 
 
 ('ia!Ori..\TiN.K 
 
 (Miuriin rinit) Macuochua Meigei; 
 
-MVCKroi'IlIMD.K 
 
 I. WiDys and liiiltiTi's wlioll 
 
 lAIMX.K 
 
 y want my. 
 
 m t!ic tliini at tlic ani;! 
 
 WiiiM-s and lialtcrcs as usual 
 'I'lic fdiirtli vi'iii sprinir.s tro 
 
 cross-vi'in is ohsolftc 
 Anterior cross-Vfin not ol.solcti'. 
 Antenna] Joints of the male pedieiljated and witi 
 
 Kr 
 
 ii'vi'is 9 lialidav. 
 
 e, i. e. the ant 
 
 ermr 
 
 Kni 
 
 AIM> $ 
 
 1 whorls of h 
 
 iiiv 
 
 Ant 
 
 I. ^V 
 
 fiiiial Joints not pedicillateii ; b 
 ings very distinctly hairy, 
 injrs liare or hut sliglitlv hairv. 
 
 Z 
 
 V<.»)SKt K.\ .\I, 
 
 men. 
 
 ire or with short hair,- 
 
 4 
 
 TitMiiosiA Winiiertz. 
 SciAK.v Meiiicn. 
 
 MVCKTfilJl.v.K. 
 
 1. Auxiliary vein eoniplete ; the anterior hranch of the third vein aris..s 
 at the lu.int where the third vein an.l the anterior c.-oss-vein unite'. 
 
 . .,. . Mycktohia Meiucn 
 
 Auxd.ary vent rudi.nertary. not tern.inatinj,- in the eosta ; the fork of 
 the tlnrd vein i)eti()late 
 
 ■2. Fork <.f the tlurd vein slmrter than the fork of the fourth vein. 
 
 i> , <• ., , . , . l'i.i:siASTiNA Winnertz. 
 
 1 <.ik ot the third vein lon-er than that of the fourth. 
 
 DiTOMViA Winnertz. 
 <'KKOI'L.\TrNM:. 
 1. Ka.'e an.l ,,rol.os<ds proionoed, snout-like. . As,N,.r,.,;M Latreille 
 l-aee and prol)oseis not i)rodueed. ... ., 
 
 -'. Antenna, shorter than the liea<l and thora.v, flattened ; palpi short. 
 
 Antenna, usually more elon-ate, eyiindrieal ; palpi moderatelv Ion-. 
 
 I'l.ATVii.'A .Meiytii. 
 
 S< lOl'MILlX.K. 
 
 i. Anterior eros.s-vein more than twi<.e the len,utli of the first seetion of the 
 
 third vein, iormii.o' apparently the l.eoinninK ..f the thini vein. 
 
 . , . 'l"i;rUA<i()\Ki itA Winnertz. 
 
 Anterior cross-vein l.ut littl.. longer or shorter than the first section of 
 
 the third vein, and forminyadi.stinetan,i,le with thesecmdseeti.m. 2 
 
 -'. 'Ihe costal vein terminates at the tip of the third vein. Sciornii.A Mei-^en 
 
 n.e costal vein continues a short distance beyond the end of the tldnl 
 
 vein. , 
 
 • • • . . •* 
 
 ••!. Fork of the fourth vein very short pc'thdate, th.. prefurea shorter than 
 tile anterior cross-vein. 
 ''''^''■"■•'■' "•' <!"■ ''•""•th vein much longer than the anterior cniss-vein. 
 
18 
 
 NOKTII AMKKICAN DIITKHA. 
 
 4. Kiftli vi'in furcate. 
 Kil'tli veil! not I'lircatt 
 
 I.AsiosoMA Wimurtz. 
 St.iii.kima \'. il. Will]). 
 
 ;'). rro.xiinal eml of tlic jiostiTior fork (tiftli vein) ln'fon or ojjpositr tin 
 
 N'l oK.Mi'iiKiiiA ( •••itiii Sackiii 
 
 anterior cross-vt'iii. 
 
 I'ro.xinial end of tlie posterior fork heyond tiu' anterior ero^s-vein. 
 
 I'lil.VI.MTA WiniuTtz. 
 
 MYCKTOl'mLIX.i:. 
 
 1. Tliree ocelli i)resent. ....... 
 
 Only two ocelli, one .situated near tiie niaruin of each eyi-. 
 
 2. Tlie costal vein is continued ln-yond the tip of thi- third ve 
 
 in. 
 
 KUKK KANA LoeW. 
 
 The costal vi'in ri'atdies only to the tip of the third vein. 
 
 M YCKToi'iiii.A .Miiiicn. 
 
 The costal vein is continued beyond the tij) of the third vein 
 The co.stal vein reaches only to the tip of the third vein. 
 
 11 
 
 4. Fifth lonu'itudinal vein not furcate, the fourth furcate, 
 
 AcNKMiA WinniTtz. 
 
 Fifth vi'in furcate 
 
 5. Furcation of the fifth vein before or o])])ositi' the furcation of the 
 
 fourth. . (J 
 
 Furcation of the fifth vein tlistinctly more distal than that of the fourth. 
 
 J'liTiiiMA Wiiinertz. 
 
 ('». IVolioscis elonifate. 
 I'rolio.scis not eloiiiiate, 
 
 Gnouistk .Mi'ijicn. 
 
 7. Au.xiliary vein connected with the first lonuitudinal vein by a cross- 
 vein. . iS 
 
 Auxiliary vein not connected with the first vein by a cross-vein. !> 
 
 H. Ocelli of nearly equal size; the au.xiliary vein tiTininates in the cross- 
 vein connectinu' it with the first loiifjitudinal. Svntkmsa WiniU'rtz. 
 Ocelli of unequal size; the auxiliary continuous beyond the cross- vein, 
 
 terminating- in the costa Hoi.ktina Staeuer. 
 
 !). First basal cell very long-, reaching beyond the middle of the wint:'; the 
 
 beginning of the iipjier branch of the forks obsoleti'. Li:ia Mi'igeii. 
 
 ' First basal cell of moderate length, not reaching the inid<ne of the 
 
 wing; forks comjjlete. ........ 10 
 
 10. Anterior forked ceil acute j)r<)ximally, tlii' bramdies luit little (livergent. 
 
 Eri('\ I'TA Wiiiiierlz. 
 Anti-rior forked cell less acute, Uie l)ranciies strongly divergent. 
 
 l)()('(>>iiA Winnertz. 
 
 11. Fiftii longitudinal vein forked. . . Zvciomma Winnertz. 
 Fifth vein not forked. .,......•!- 
 
LiroNKriJID.K 
 
 It) 
 
 I'J. Auxiliary vein viTV loiiu', tcrmiiiatiiiu in the cn^ta. 
 
 NE(Mji,Ariivi!()iTi;i;A Ostiii Sacktti. 
 Auxiliiiry vi'iii sliort, or, it" ioiiii-, fiidiiiLr in the tir>t vein. . 1;'. 
 
 l;'.. Furcation of tlu' fit'tli vein oj'jiositi' or It tore llif anterior (•ro>?.-v(iii, 
 
 and more proximal tlian tliat of the foiirlli vein. \\ 
 
 Furcation of till' tiftli vein nioi'c ili>tal than the anterior <'ro>s-vciii or 
 
 tlie furcation of the fourth vein. ...... l-'i 
 
 14. Au.xiliary vein reacliinj; lieyoml the niidille of tlie first lia>al cell. 
 
 'I'ltiiHONi A WiiMiertz. 
 
 Auxiliary vein sometimes rudimentary, or not nacliin^- to the nuddle 
 
 of the first hasal cell 1<» 
 
 !•'). Furcation of the fourth vein opposite or before the first section of the 
 third vein; jiosterior forked cell ionu' ami narrow. 
 
 IJiivMosiA Winnertz. 
 P'urcation l)ey()nd the first section of tlu- tliinl vein. A i.i.odi a Winnertz. 
 
 1<). Posterior forked cell narrow. . M vcoriiKitA Wimiertz. 
 
 Posterior forked cell l»road. the hranches diver<ient. Kxi.cniA WimuTtz. 
 
 .3. Lii'oNEriniKK. 
 
 Moderate sized, elonifate. bare spccifs with broad wiiiLjs iiiid 
 
 es- 
 
 long leg.s. P)oth sexes liolojitic or diclioptic ; tiiree ocelli pr 
 eiit: ))roboseis elongated; anteiniie slender, eoiuiiosed of from 
 .six to sixteen joints, clothed with short ))id)escence. Thorax 
 with a distinct, broadly interrupted, transverse suture. Ilyjio- 
 ])ygiuni projecting; ovipositor with two short, ratlier obtuse, 
 lamella. Legs niodertitely slender, the hind pair niueh longer 
 than the anterior ones. Einpodiuni wry small, almost rudi- 
 mentary ; pulvill 
 
 1 wanting; wings broad, l)are. with a mark- 
 edly ])rojecting atial angle; peculiarly characterized from all 
 other files by a secondary, extrenudy tine, spider-like network. 
 The family I^)lepharoceri(la' or Liponetirida' was established 
 by Loew in 1<S()0 to imdude a half dozen specit's, whicdi could 
 not well b^ located in any of the existing lamilies. Since that 
 time the number in the family has l)een in 'reased to about sev- 
 enteen known forms, distributed in nine genera. Six of these 
 species are found in Europe, one in Asia, six in North America, 
 one in the West Indies, and three in South America. The 
 
 i (i 
 
L'(» 
 
 NolM'll AMKItlCAN DIl'TKWA. 
 
 hal)its (tl' only a ifw ar«! known; one species, descriljed Iiy 
 Fritz MuUer, tVoni Sonth America is sii'nl to he (liniori)liic in 
 the 9. one I'orni heini;' san|nuisn,!j;ons, tlie otlier niellisngons. 
 The hu'VM' live in rnnninij; water. The head has a jiairof slen- 
 der anteinue : the cej)halothorax and the iollowinLf segments. 
 each with a conical process hearinjf a bnnch (»t' bristles; pnjta 
 tlatteiH'd, inactive and tree, enclosed in a senuoval. shell-like 
 skin, the antei'ior eml with horny erect breathing tnhes. On 
 the nnder side the skin is soCt and transparent, and ])ro\ided 
 with three pairs of suckers by which the creature clings 
 most tii'ndy. The flies are found dancing in the spray of 
 waterfalls, or resting upon the foliage near the margin of clea)' 
 running brooks. 
 
 TABLE OF (iKNKHA. 
 
 1. All iiicomplcti' loiiffitudiiial vein niiiiiiiiu; into tlic jjostcrior margin. '1 
 No itK'onii)ii'ti' vein running into tlu' ])()ist('rior niaryin ; i)rol)()scis niucli 
 
 t'lonj;ati'(l ; liinil tibia' witii spurs; claws sinijtii' ; cyt-s entire, not 
 bisi'ctc'il ($). ({'antral and Soutli America and West Indies.) 
 
 l'Ai/n»sTo\iA .Sciiiiier. 
 
 2. Second lonj^itudinal vein furcate '•) 
 
 Si'c'ond ion^ntudinal vein not furcate. ...... 4 
 
 ."». Orijrin of tiie anterior Itrancli of the seei)nd vein coincidiMU witli the 
 origin of tlie tiiird vein; front tihiu.' curved in $. 
 
 BiiuocKi'MALA Osten .'^acken. 
 
 Origin of anterior hrancli of second vein more distal tlian the origin of 
 
 tlie third vein; front tibist' straight in the $. A(;atik)n Uoeiler. 
 
 4. Eves holoptic, bisected by an unfaceted cross band or by a siin])le groove. 
 
 Hi,i,1'iiai((h;ki{a Macquart. 
 Eyes broadly ilichojjtic and not bisected. . '. Ln'oMcruA I.oew. 
 
 4. CULICIIU:. 
 
 Slemler Hies, characterized by the projecting ])rol)()seis ;ind 
 by the jilumose anteniue of tlie male. He;i(l small, round; 
 eyes reniform; ocelli wanting. Antenme thre;ul-like, coni- 
 ]M)sed of fifteen joints; the first joint thick, the following 
 joints small, round; and beset with whorls of hiiir. forming in 
 
( ri.iciD.T.. 
 
 'J\ 
 
 the malt' a hn\'j; dciisr jiliinnisity : last tun juiiits >lriii!cr ami 
 hare, or nearly sn. Thorax ovatf, arciuMl. Imt not projt'ci in,Lj 
 over llic head, without transverse suture; scutellum narrow; 
 metanotiim arehe(l. Alidomeii Ioiil;' and narrow. s(>mewhat 
 tlatteiied. composed of ei^;ht segments : male .u'eidialia pi'omi- 
 m-nt; ovipositor short. Lett's hmi,'' ami slender : themxirnot 
 (don.nati'd ; the tarsi Ioiil;-. Win^s while at rest lyin^- tlat o\ei' 
 the alxhnnen ; lon,n' and narrow, with numerous veins; the 
 hind mar,L;"in t'rin!.jed. and the costal \tMn encircles the entire 
 win,n'; auxiliary vein distinct, teiiuinatini; near the middle ol' 
 the anterior border; second and t'ourlh longitudinal \cins fur- 
 cate ; third vein simple, arisinn' heyond the middle ol' the wing-; 
 Hfth vein sim})le ; sixth and seventh reaching- to the marijin 
 ol' the win^; anteri(/r cioss-vtMii situated heyond the middle of 
 the win<4-. rectant^nilar ; two Itasal c(dls pi'eseiit. elon,L;ate. 
 
 The family Ciilicida'. or mosipiitoes. comprises neai'ly two 
 
 hundr 
 
 ed km)wn species, distributed in all parts of the woi'h 
 
 They ^vill be l)est distini^'uished from the nearly related Chiro- 
 noniida^ by the (donyate proboscis, and by the wini^s having' a 
 vein along' the jiosterior border, 'i'l 
 
 le name mosiiuito is a 
 
 S[)anish and I'ortuguese diminutive of JIdsch, ;ind is sometimes 
 a[)plie(l to members of the Simuliida'. but it is better restricted, 
 to this family. 
 
 The female moscjuito de])osits her eggs to the niuuber of 
 between two and three luindred in little boat-shaped mass 
 
 on 
 
 the surface of still water. The larva' are hat(died in a f 
 
 es 
 
 ew 
 
 days and eseai)e from the lower end; here thev grow raiiidh'. 
 at times moving (juickly, at other times resting ([uietly near 
 the surface, breathing through the stignuitic tidie at the tail, 
 which tube has at its eml a fringe of hairs that serves to close 
 the opening when under water, ami to suspeml the hirva- Irom 
 the surfaee while breathing. They are usually known as 
 '•wrigglers"'. The head in the larva is fully differentiated 
 and usually has eyes ; the jaws are thickly ciliated ami fringed 
 with hairs, by im^ans (d' which a current ol' water is produced 
 
'SJ NiUM'ir AMKIJICAN DIl'TKIJA. 
 
 that ltriii;;s little ]i;ii'liclfs of t'(»(»(l within reach of the immth. 
 Alter chau'-in''- their skin two <»r three; times thev assume a 
 more cliilj-sliaped apiiearaiiee. in which the parts of the adult 
 insect are indistinctlv seen. The alidomeu teiauinates in two 
 leaf-like appen(hi.n"('s tiiat act as proptdlcrs: hut in general 
 these pupa' remain near the sui'face. excejit when disturlx'd, 
 and take no foitd. The l)reathinn' origans are no lon.^'cr a tul)e 
 at the ti[», hut there are now two that spriui,^ from the sides of 
 the thoracic se.gments. Finally when the jierfect mos(piito is 
 ri'ady to cnu'r^c fi'om the jaipa, the hack of the skin. whi(di 
 has now come to the surface and isexjiosed. splits, and the tly 
 carefully and i,n'adually extricates itself from the uuMuhrane 
 which thus serves the place of a raft till the let^s and win,i;s 
 are sutHciently firm. JJut rii,dit now is the period of the uh)S- 
 quito's life most frau<,dit with danger; a wavtdet, a breath of 
 air, or a raindrop, hoi)elessly shi[)wrecks the frail Ijark. This 
 is why running watei's are free from these insects. 
 
 TABLE OF GKXKUA. 
 
 1. I'robosL'is sliort. not longer tliini tiic licad ; metatarsi lonj'cr tlian tlie fol- 
 
 lowing joint. ...... ("oHETUitA .Mcijicn. 
 
 I'roboscis nuicli clonyatcil, lonjivr than the lirad and thorax together. 2 
 
 2. Proboscis strongly cinvcd, jjaljii of tlu- male very long, of the female 
 
 short. ...... Mr.dAKUiiiMs Koi). Desv. 
 
 Proboscis straight. ... ......'■) 
 
 ."». Pali)i in both sexes of ecuml length. 
 Palpi in the male long, short in female. 
 
 4. Paljji longer than the antenna'. 
 Palpi shorter than the anti-nnu'. 
 
 . ('i;m;x Limie. 
 
 Axornia.Ks .Miigen. 
 ..Kdks .Meigen. 
 
 n. CHIIJOXOMIIVE. 
 
 Gnatlike iiies of slender form, the males conspicuous for 
 their ])lumose anteinue, seldom reaching ten millimeters in 
 length. Head small, spheroidal, more or less concealed by a 
 l)rojecting. hoodlike thorax. Anteniui' threadlike or beadlike, 
 
( HIUoNoMID.K 
 
 with not Ifss tliiiii six luir iiinrc tliiiii tiltcfH jdints: in the 
 limit' usually with a ion'.;' dense |iluni<isity : in ti.e ieinale with 
 inc(ins])i('U()US haii's and sniuetinies with a smaller nninlier id 
 jnints : the lirst jnint slmi't and t hiek. K\i-> reni Innn or dval ; 
 ocidli wanlin^;' nr laidinientaiw : [iroiiosids simil : jialpi Inur- 
 jdinttMl; Vhe last usually ehm^ateil. Thorax osate. very eon- 
 vex, usually iinijeet ini;' alxAc in trout more or le<s over the 
 head; without transverse suture: seutellum small, hemispher- 
 ical. Ahdonieii irsually tiarrow and lowj;. composed (d eiL^l.t 
 sei^aneiits ; hy pojiynium project inu;' loi'cep-like ; ovipositoi' very 
 short, hut little deV(dope(l : Ic'^s usually slender and Ioiil;'; 
 espe(d;illy the front pair; coxa- of mctderate len;^th. 'I'aisi oiten 
 nnudi td()n!4'ate(l. Wium's narrow and lon,n'; hare oruidloianly 
 hairy; anterior veins stroii,L;cr and darker colored than the 
 others; auxiliary vtdn com|ilete. hut usually weak and slender; 
 second loiij.,dtiuliiial vidii us\udly wantiiiL;'; third \fin some- 
 times forked (dose to its origin, t he uppt f hrauidi oiten rectaii- 
 i;'uhir and havin,^- the ;ippearance ot a supernumerary cross- 
 vt'iu; fourth vein sonu'times. the liitii usually, furcate; poste- 
 rior cross-vein often wantin,!^-; the costal vidii terminates near 
 the tij) of the \vin,i,^ at the termination of the thirtl vein. 
 
 This family comprises a larL^e innnher of vei'y (hdicatc often 
 minute flies, whi(di have not heen nundi studied hy entomolo- 
 gists; about one thousand specie's are known throughout the 
 world. Thev will he (listiu'^uished from the mosiiuitocs. u hich 
 thev resemble very nuudi. bv the costal veil not litdni;- contin- 
 uous oil the posterior side of the wIiil;'. 'I'he anleiiiue are 
 
 eousjiieuous, especially in the nudes. altiiouuJi :i;;reein!4- in tins 
 I'espect with male mos(iuitoes. The larv;e are sol t-skiiined. 
 worm-like, often bhxjd-red in cohir and usually aipiatic. as are 
 
 also the active pupie. though some live in decom]iosin,n- veu- 
 etabh' matt;'r, or in the e;irth. These mid.u'i s are often seen. 
 es])ecially in the early sprinn' or in the autumn, in immense 
 swarms, daneing in the air. and lia\t' <loiibtless in many cases 
 given rise to ex:iggerated stories of mos(piitoes. < >ver mead- 
 
24 
 
 .sDirril A.MKKICAX DIITKIJA. 
 
 ows ill llic Kocky Mountains tlie writer li;is seen tlicm I'isc at 
 nightt'nll 111 the most iiicrodiblt' miinbers, pro(lu('iii<,f a liuin- 
 iiiiiit; noise like that of a distant waterfall, -and .audible for a 
 considerable distance. While at rest they usually raise their 
 forelegs in the air and keej) them constantly vibrating. 
 Afpiatic larva' may be i'recjuently met with in standing watiM', 
 oftt'ii extremely delicate little creatures, so transparent as t(j 
 be hardly distinguishable; tliey havt' been dredged from 
 nearly one thousand fe(^t below the surface of Lake lSu})erior. 
 
 Most of tlie sjx'cies are inolfeiisive, or actually beneiicial as 
 scavengers. There are some, however, belonging to the genus 
 Cei'atojKxiDii. and its allies, and known generally as midges, 
 or })Uiikies, which have the power td' sucking blood and are 
 extremely annoying. In the ^Vhite ^Mountains, at the sea- 
 shore, along mountain streams generally, and in the West 
 Indies they are es[)ecially troublesome. The larvu' live in the 
 flowing saj) (d' trees, in decaying vegetation or nnder fallen 
 leaves. 
 
 The following table, largely adojited from V. d. \\'uli), 
 cont".ins many genera heretofore known only as exotic, not a 
 few of which will doubtless be found in the United States 
 when the fandlv lias received more attention with us. 
 
 TAHLK OF (iKXKKA. 
 
 1. Anti'iiiia' ()'' llic $ lonu-pluiiiosc or pt'iiicilliitc. 
 
 Antenna' of tlu' $ with sliort Imirs. .... 
 
 2. Sci'ond posterior ceil wantinji' and licncc no sccom! basal cell. 
 Si'cond posterior ci'll ]ircscnt, tlii' second liasal cell c(viuplcte. 
 
 '•). Foiirtf loiiiiitndinal vi'in I'urcati'. ..... 
 
 2 
 
 i:; 
 
 • t 
 o 
 
 V2. 
 
 Fourtl l,"i!;itiidinal vein not furcate; antenna' with an nniMian! lUiin- 
 her of joints in the two se.xes ; antcnnal joints of tin' $ iilurnose to 
 thi tip; thorax ])rojertin,u' in front o" " the head. . . . o 
 
 •I. " l'a'i)i composed of tJMH'c joints". Ti:i!Si;srni:s '{"ownsi-nd. 
 
 I'alpi eonijiosi'd of four joints ; antenna' of the male peincillatc, 
 
 1 o\(r till' 
 'V Meiu'cn. 
 
 tile last juini hap'; dorsiiiii of the thorax not pr 
 
 ]:! 
 
 It 
 
 in. 
 
 (Klncei 
 
 Head 
 
 ( 'ia;.v IOC' 
 
<'1IIU<»X()M!!)J,; 
 
 _.) 
 
 
 Anal iiiiuU' of tl 
 
 ic wiiiLis (ilisolcn 
 
 Anal aiiyk' prniiiinciit. 
 
 '». Win^s l)an'. 
 Winys liairv. 
 
 7. Front inctatar-i as lonn' or 1 
 
 >uvs()m;i i{\ Wiiiiicrtz. 
 
 ID 
 
 Front 
 
 onucr llian the tiliia'. CiiiituN 
 
 metatarsi distinctlv shorter than their til 
 
 <>MI S .Meincii 
 
 »ia'. 
 
 >^. Leii's black and whit 
 
 e annnlate 
 
 Leu 
 
 ('l!I 
 
 s nnieolorons or with jx.rtions darli 
 
 eoion s 
 
 d. Wulp 
 
 er. 
 
 {>. Posterior l)raneh of the posterior f 
 
 iireatie.n sinnon> 
 
 Posterior 1 
 
 ( 
 
 A M 1 
 
 •ranch ol the iiosterior t'nrcation straight. 
 
 TOCLAlms V, (I. \V 
 
 nip 
 
 OiMiKx i.Ai.irs \\ d. Wnlp. 
 <»■ Fn.nt n.etatarsi longer than their til.ia.. Tanvtaks.s V. d. Wnin 
 
 Front metatarsi shortir than their t 
 
 lime 
 
 11 
 
 11- Thorax produced conieally in front over the head: hind til.ia> dilated 
 
 I iH.rax moderately produced ; hind tihia. n.,t dilated. 
 
 .Mi;ti;i()(m;m( s \'. d. Wulp. 
 12. Antenna, with an un...|ual nu.nher of joints in the two sexes (^ 14 07,. 
 penultimate joint of the front tarsi usually short and hroad. 
 
 . , l>iAMi:sA .Meiucn. 
 
 Antenna, with an e.,ual numlK.r of joints in the two sexes (i:.)- iIh- 
 
 ''''""''""'•"'•.'"'"' "•' ""■ '■'•••"t tarsi lon.uer than the ultin.ate joint. 
 
 '!"an^ its .Meincii. 
 
 !••!. IVoho.scis and palpi ru.limentary : ahdonien shorter tlu.n the thorax. 
 
 1, , . , , . Cmnk, llalidav. 
 
 I n.ho.scs and ,.alp, as usual; ahdonien at least as lonu' as the thorax. 11 
 
 U. I'all)i thri.c-jointed. 
 I'iilpi foiir-jointeil. 
 
 'i"i:iisi;sTni;s Townsend. 
 
 1-. Antenna, with the same numher n( joints in hoth se.xes 1,; 
 
 Antenna, with an unenual numl,..r of joints in $ an.l 9; h-s uuu\- 
 
 ;'>-"tylylon,,the front tarsi the longest; thorax produce.l ov.t the 
 
 '"■"' ' "'"-^ ^'""■'*''- ''I'"" '!"■ Mhdo.nen. . Ih ..uun.KN.s Fries. 
 
 I'i. AnteniKi' with seven joints in $ and 9, 
 Anienna. with fifteen joints in ^ ;,„,! 9. 
 
 IT. \\'in,us hyaline. 
 
 ^Vin.^•s sp(,tted (West Indies)^ 
 
 1 
 
 < 'llASMATdSOTCS I. (lew. 
 17 
 
 . .M \t r!<>|.|;/A Mein( n. 
 . (Fcxcr.v I'oev. 
 
'JV> 
 
 XOirni AMElilCAX DIITKIJA. 
 
 ('.. Oltl'IlXErHILlD.i:. 
 
 Snuill, obscurely rcddisli yellow, bare Hies of peculiur appear- 
 anee. Head small, round; eyes I'ouiul, contig'uous in front ; 
 ocelli \vantin<,'; proboscis sliort; palpi lonj^er than the antenna', 
 live-jointed, the first joint short, the seccjiul the thickest ; 
 antenna' situated near the oral nuirgin, apparently consistin,i,^ 
 of a small first joint, an oval second joint and a terminal 
 
 arista 
 
 th 
 
 le second lomt and tiie arista ai 
 
 th 
 
 however, complex, 
 th(! first composed of three and the latter of seven segments, 
 the last )f winch terminates in a biistle. Thorax strongly 
 convex, ro])Ust, without transverse suture, somewhat imj)ress(Ml 
 befori^ the scutellum. Scutellum rather large, obtusely three 
 cornered ; metanotum arched. Abdomen narrower than tiie 
 thonix, cylindriital, com[)osed of seven segments ; male geni- 
 talia thick, the basal ])iece swollen, bladder-like ; ovipositor 
 
 with lu'oa*!. rounded lamelUe, 
 
 Legs simple, compar 
 
 ativel' 
 
 short; coxa; not elongated; til)ia' without spurs; tarsi mod- 
 ei'ately long; the front ])air longer than the tibia', tlu^ penul- 
 
 U'S 
 
 timate joint short; chiws sm.dl; jjulvilli distinct. Win 
 longer than the abdomen ; auxiliary vein short, terminating 
 in the costa ; second longitudinal vein sinuouH; third and 
 fourth veins not furcate ; anal angle rounded; basal cells shoi't. 
 I>ut two or three species of this singular family are known, 
 and of them even, so far as I can learn, the larval habits ari^ 
 yet unknown. The s[)ecies all belong to one genus, Ofplnir- 
 j)}nl(t Ilaliday. The small fly is found on the banks of streams. 
 
 7. I'SVCIIODID.K. 
 
 \'ery thickly haired, niiinite flies, in ajjpearancc lepidopt(M'a- 
 like. Headsnudl; ocelli wanting. Antenna' as long as the 
 head and thorax together, bead-like; thickly ". aired, composed 
 of from twelve to sixteen joints; the two basal joints thicker 
 and short-cyliiidric. I'roboscis usually short; in some exotic 
 genera { /'/t/r/infminis) elongated and horny; ]ialpi incur\t'd 
 
rSYCIloDID.T. 
 
 ^( 
 
 mil hairy; coiniiosrd of four joints of nearly tMnial Irwj^i 
 
 T] 
 
 lorax not vci'v convex, without transvt^i'so sutui'e; seu- 
 
 11(1 
 
 irt. 
 
 n, 
 
 liir 
 
 Ins. 
 
 Ira- 
 
 Reti 
 
 ;er 
 It if 
 
 (Ml 
 
 telluni r()un(h'(h Ab(h)men cylindrical, composed of from 
 six to oiglit joints; male ,i.;'enitalia prominent. Ii(\^s Nciy 
 short, dens(dy hairy; (daws small; pulvilli rudimentary. 
 ^^'iIlL;•s lari;'e, o\ate in shape; when at rest lyiii^- roof-shaped 
 <iver the abdomen; densely covered uith loni;' hairs oi" tomen- 
 tum, whi(di also forms a fringe around tludr mai-,nin ; the 
 costal vtdn continuous ar(!niid the wiiii;': veins stroiij^', I'or 
 the most part concciiled beneath the hair; neuration 
 formed almost whollv bv lonijitudinal veins; tlu' anterior 
 cro.ss-vein is very short, and lies very near the root of the 
 wini^'; auxiliary vein weak or indistinct; iirst lonL,Mtudiual 
 \eiii very near the costa ; second loui^itudinal vein arises \-erv 
 near the oriyiu of the fii'st, and is usually twice torked. that 
 is. the upper bran(di of the furcation is a'^'ain furcate ; third 
 vein simj)le, terminating' at or l)eyond the tip ol' the wIul;-; 
 fourth vein furcate; tifth ami sixth terminatiui;- in the border 
 of the wing; seventh vein usually distimd, rea(diiuL;- to the 
 margin oi' the wing, sometimes wanting. 
 
 The members of this family are often very min\ite. rar(dy 
 exceeding the length of four millimeters: they occur in shady 
 places, on wimlows. alxiut outhouses, and will i)e readily recog- 
 in/.ed from their peculiar nuith-like a|)peaiance; they run 
 ai)out nimbly, but their flight is weak. 'I'he larva' live in 
 I'otting vegt'table material, or in watei-, especially stagnant 
 water; they are cylindrical, with the posterior end termi- 
 nating in a short, usually tii'inly (dntini/.ed. stigmatic tube; 
 the m .xilhe are imperfectly (leV(doped. there are eye-spots on 
 the head, and the segnuMit bidnml the head ai'c without ieet. 
 The i)Upa' are inactive, witii two long tnlie-like. anterior 
 stigiiKita. 
 
 I'.iit, two genera are known to occur in North America; 
 J'si/c/nx/d ami J'crlrni/i'i. which may be distinguished I'rom 
 e;c h other bv the termination ol the third xcin of the wing, 
 
I'S 
 
 NOirill AMEllICAX DIITEIJA. 
 
 wliicli is at or ht-forc tlic tij) in P.-^i/cluxhi. and distinctly Ix^' 
 hind it in l'<-ricniiiii. In their study, one sliouhl use prciVi'- 
 ably 
 
 11 compound niU'roscope, and it Uiay t)e ncct'ssary cither 
 to mount a winu'. oi- at least to remove the scales. Attention 
 
 should he paid to the shape (d' the antenna' and })al])i, as w( 
 
 ■11 
 
 as 
 
 th 
 
 le ".'•(-nitalia, lean's aiu 
 
 I wind's. I'si/rlitxlit (ilti'ni itii Sav is 
 
 our most C(»niiii()n ,s])ecies, aj'parently extending;' over all the 
 United States. 
 
 s. j)ixiiu<: 
 
 Ilatlier small, slender, nearly bare species. Proboscis some- 
 what ])roje(;tini;' ; i)alpi tour-jointed; antenna' Ion;.;;, the basal 
 joints thick, thosi' oi' the tla<.;elliim hair-like, and thi' joints 
 indistinctly distin<;uishable. Eyes round, dicho])tic; no ocelli. 
 Thorax strongly eiin\'ex. without transverse suture; scutellum 
 transvi'i'se : metanotum arcdied. Abdomen Ioul;" and slendei'. 
 com|i(ised of si'ven or eight segments, thiidvcned ])osteriorly in 
 the male. j)ointed in the fenuile. Tj(\gs hmg > '1 sleiKh'r; 
 coxa' somewhat ehmgated; tibia' without terminal spui's. 
 
 W 
 
 ings compiirarively large; auxiliary vein ])resent. teriuina- 
 
 Imgiii the costa heloi'c the middle ol tlie wiiiu' 
 
 tl 
 
 le secoiM 
 
 vein arises t'roiii the Hrst near tin- middle id' tlu' wing and 
 apjx'ars to be the beginning of the tliird vein, which continues 
 its direction while the second arches suddenly idrward at the 
 anterior crtiss-vein and is furcate ; fourth vein furcate; I'our 
 ])osterior cells present; the two basal cells very large; the 
 anterior ci'oss-\-ein is placed at the beginning (d' the third 
 \'ein. where the second vein curves forward. 
 
 The family l)ixi(he cmnprises al>out a score ol' known s])ecie,-; 
 bclongingto tiie single genus /)!.ni. it has been placed among 
 t 'le 'l'i|tulida' and ( 'udci; 
 
 a', but seems best isolated into a se 
 
 arate family. The larva- are a<piatic. rescndiling those of the 
 nios(piitoes. The Hies are found in bushy, moi^t ])laccs about 
 forests, and have been o',)ser\'ed b\ W'innertz daiiciu''' in the 
 
 air in swai'ins. 
 
'I'irrLiD.K 
 
 '".» 
 
 i>. TIPrLID.K 
 
 I 
 
 AiV<^o to iiKxlcratt'lv siiiwll. s]( 
 
 • 'LTS. 
 
 Mead 
 
 iidcr Hies, witl 
 
 »r(»(luc('(l siiout-likc. ] 
 
 [•(int. 
 
 iisiiallv waiitui; 
 
 I lniin-. slciidci' 
 
 ; lace ot'tf'ii 
 
 'V.-s roM.ii,!. scj.arat.'d l.v the Im.ad 
 
 spherical, occiput st roii-ly dcv.dop 
 
 soiuctinics appi'oxiiiiatcd iM-htw tl 
 Aiitt'iiiKi' rarely siiort 
 K'f.'ix to-cthcr: Ik 
 
 It' iintcmia': ( 
 
 M'Clll 
 
 tliau the head and tl 
 coiuposed of fnMii six to iiiiiet 
 Ha.ii'ell 
 
 ''!•. iisuallv 
 
 I Oliver 
 
 ad or rhread-lil' 
 
 ('I'll mints ; t 
 
 lie 
 
 mil never plumose, but usually witl 
 
 joint 
 
 <'ons}.icuous. bristly hairs; the i.unt 
 
 1 more or 
 
 \e 
 
 S OI 
 
 less 
 
 I'rol 
 
 K)S(us more or les 
 
 S projectlll;;-. in ;i 
 
 clo 
 
 loiigated; palpi tour .u- live j.unte.l; the terminal 
 n<,Mted, whijilash-like. Tl 
 
 ■^ ■sometimes serrated. 
 "<'\v ,i,^(Miera verv much 
 
 joint often 
 
 distinct silt 
 
 niv in the fori 
 
 distinct. c(dlar-lil 
 
 HU'ax convex, usually with a v 
 n of a shallow \' ; pro-tl 
 
 erv 
 
 ly devtdoped. Abd 
 
 i^t' ; scinelliim half roui 
 
 lorax usually 
 d : inetanotum stroiii'-- 
 
 iu'ht 
 
 "iiien cyiiiidrh'al. conipcsed (d' 
 
 S('.i,nnents ; -■eiiitalia ju'omiip'iit. in t 
 
 seven (ii- 
 
 iMt' m structure; in the female t\ 
 <»'■ lony. horny, pointed valves. I 
 the tibiic sometiaies with t 
 comparatiyely narrow ; in ivst 
 
 le male very v.iria- 
 ic ovipositor with two pairs 
 
 iC.U's Very loii'j- ai 
 
 in slemier 
 
 crmmal sour; 
 
 ^\ 
 
 lIl;^^s jdiit^-. but 
 
 alhd ov.u-the abdomen; always six Ion- 
 
 " >'<nnplel.e discal cell; b,,th basal cells 1 
 
 spread apart ^r Ivin 
 
 par- 
 
 sually o])en ; seventh yeii 
 
 irudiiial veins; usually 
 "ii,^^; the anal cell 
 
 t>-rhi<r) and of yariabl 
 
 1 distinct (save in tli<' I'h/r/, 
 
 f/rliiijt- 
 
 Tl 
 
 u' lamily Tij 
 
 *' lorm ; alulets rounded, rarely an-ul; 
 
 >llll(he comprises the lari^'est of the X 
 
 ••croiis Hies, some of wlii 
 
 eluato- 
 
 '•n exceed t Wo inches in leni;lh. 'I' 
 
 l"M's are very elon-at,. ami deli< ate. s„ .lelu-ate. imh-cl. that one 
 sd.l.m, succeeds in .■apturin;.; the Hies without the Inss of ,me 
 '•••moiv. Fli.'s of this description with a distinctly impressed 
 \-shapeds.ituivon tin- .hu'sum of the thorax v.Hl be imme.li- 
 ately reco-nized as beh.u.rin- to this family. The fenr.b" 
 'I'll.Ts from most other Hies in havmo- t he ovipositor olien 
 •"'•M'<'''1 Inr deposit in;;. ,.;.,^s within the ground or<.tlH.| 
 
 siihstance 
 
 W 
 
 it'n the went 
 
 IS fa\'orable th 
 
 irm 
 I' ''M'M's hatch 
 
;;(> 
 
 Xoiri'il AMKKICAN DIITKKA. 
 
 nut ill ;i littli' more than .i wim-U. Tlic larva* arc as]i-,uray (a- 
 Ui'owiiisli in color, more or less transparent, com posed of t\\'els<' 
 sei^'iuents. The head is incompletelv dilTereiitiated and re- 
 tractile, and has the niaxilhe and mandibles more or less horny 
 and stout: tluMn^ are short Hesliv antenna'. Tlu* orirajis of 
 
 1( 
 
 ocouKJtion generally consist ol transverse swelliULi's on th(_' 
 under side of the Ixxly. ])rovi(h'd with very minute, stiff bris- 
 tles. The anal end of the body is truncate, with a sinijle pair of 
 
 suiraeies 
 
 aiu 
 
 I tl 
 
 le mar'jins ol 
 
 the t 
 
 riiiicature are for the most, 
 
 ])art })r()vi(led with fleshy reti'actile processes of variable size 
 andsha|ie. 1 n the a(piatic larva' there is a loni,^ tube at the 
 end of the bodv which serves for breathiuLT when raised to the 
 surface of the water. 
 
 Most of the larva' live in the earth or in s(»il-like, decom- 
 posing wood, in fun^i, or in water. ( )thers live on the leaves 
 of plants and are like caterpillars in aiipearance, t he resem- 
 blance to which is yet nnu'e hei.n'htened by the yreeii color, 
 with a crest of tul»ercles on the back. 
 
 The pupa', like those of many of the members of this sub- 
 order are free. Tiie thora:: has two horn-like ])rocesses \vhi(d) 
 re})resent the thoracic spivaides, one of which may ac<jviire a 
 vei'V n'reat length, for the purpose of breathing from the sur- 
 face while under water. The abdondnal segments have trans- 
 v(M'se rows of hairs, bristh^s or sj)ines, which enable the puj)a 
 to escape from its place of concealment when about to com- 
 plete its metamorphosis. 
 
 The adult tlies are conimonly seen in the late sunimer 
 and autumn. They will lie most usuall}' met, with in niea<h)\\- 
 landsand forests, flying awkwardly for a b'w steps, close to 
 tJie i',rouiid till they become entangled i.i the grass or twigs, 
 and then, extricating themselves, rising again to repeat the 
 same aimless, clumsy tliglit. 
 
 The nami' of '■daddy-long-legs" is the one most usually 
 a])plie(l to members of this family in ICnghuKh but in America 
 this term is coiiiiiioiih' u--e(l to de-iunate the IMialaicjithe (U- 
 
TirrijDj-: 
 
 OJ 
 
 liiirvost si)i(lors. The Eu<.-lisl 
 
 1 name o 
 
 ill)] 
 
 e. C.)iniiioii]y they aiv liariiiless 1 
 
 1' ••'(•raiH'-Hics "' is [.refer- 
 
 in the hirval stat 
 
 (ler njotlets of isv, 
 
 are very .lestnietive, feed 
 
 )Ut some of the speei 
 
 es 
 
 iss and grain, and 
 
 mi,' upon tlie ten 
 
 ail 
 
 ;•(' suriaces to witlier and die. 'J 
 
 • •ausiii.o- tlie ].lants over 
 
 hundred species know 
 
 '•■re are about twidve 
 
 In tliis faiuil 
 
 with the wii 
 
 y are j.laeed several winoloss I 
 
 li^s more or less rudimenti 
 
 onus, or those 
 
 is C/i'oura, the si)e('ies of which are found 
 the coldest weather. 
 
 (' family Tipuliche is easily divided inte 
 
 iiy. One of the forj 
 
 ner 
 
 on snov . often in 
 
 Th 
 
 w 
 
 liich I prefer to call the rtycl! 
 Tii)ul 
 
 three suhfamili 
 
 cs. 
 
 oi)terina.', Limnobiii 
 
 pulnue, and which correspoiul i.re.-iselv with the I»tycl 
 torina, Tij.ulidie longipalpi and Tipulhhe hn-vipalpi of 
 
 ue and 
 
 lOl)- 
 
 Sack 
 
 en. 
 
 palpi ol Osten 
 
 J. S 
 
 TARLK OF (ii:\F]JA. 
 
 I'V 
 
 ciitli lonj-itiiilinal vi'in prcsciir. tliat 
 
 vi'iiis liftween tlic tiftl 
 
 is tluTf arc two limuitiKlinal 
 
 1 vein anil tlic posterior iiiaruin of t| 
 
 vventh loM.uitu.linal vein al.sent; no .li.tinct V-sl,ane.l 
 
 nicsonotiini. 
 
 ic winy. -2 
 suture on 
 
 Last 
 
 ••int of tlu'i.alpi sliortcr or not nnicli lonuvr tl 
 
 ni.i^- toyctlicr; tlic auxilia 
 
 "rVCIIOl'TKltlN.K 
 
 lan t!ie two prcced- 
 
 ry vein usually end.s i„ tj,,. ,.,,sta and i> 
 
 . , . , , ' ^■'"■^ •'■ Mu- lusia anil is 
 
 '•"""-•-i ^vul. the first lonnitudinal vein hv a dis.inrt eross-vein • 
 
 anteniKosiv to sixteen Jointed LiMNunnv..,.:.' 
 
 I'...>'t jomt ol the palpi whiplasl-like, murh longer than the three pre- 
 
 1'c.l.nj.touether; atitenna- compos,.,! of not more than thirteen j ts • 
 
 the auxiliary vein ends in the first iouKitudinal vein l.v an ahrupt* 
 '•urvatureat the tip, not .■omiected with the first vein"hv a eross- 
 
 vein. 
 
 OTMN.V . 
 
 r-IMNoiUIN.i;. 
 
 1. \Vin,iiless. siiidcr-Iike in .•ij.pearaiice. 
 Win-ied. . 
 
 CnioNi.A Dalma 
 
 -'. Antenna, composed „f apparently 2H joints, lonu ; anal eell elos., 
 cinpodia or siuirs (\V..st Indifs, .South America), 
 
 an. 
 
 il : no 
 
 Ant 
 
 Ant( Mua. not apparently eomposed of more than 10 joints 
 
 I'onMiou.v W'ieili-mann 
 
32 
 
 Noirril A.MEWICAN DllTKlfA. 
 
 PostoriDF cross-vein si 
 
 tiiiitcd before tlu- miilille of thewiii^-; tiiree ]> 
 
 terior cells jireseiit (West Imlies). 
 
 'riiAMr.KT.v Willistoii. 
 
 I'osterior eross-vi in no 
 
 t sitnati'il ln'fore the middle of tlii' will!. 
 
 I 
 
 4. A siii<rle siibmiiruiiial cell ])resent. 
 Two subinariiiiiiil cells jiri'sent. 
 
 ">. AiiteniKr 1 4-Joiiited. 
 Aiitt'iiiiio Ifi-Jointed. 
 
 LiMNoniiM. 
 
 <). Tibia- with sjiiirs iit tlie tip; the first Iminitiidinal vein usually ends in 
 
 the second Cvi.iNnitoTo.MiM. 
 
 Tibiio without s])urs ; tlu' first vi'in v\u\ri in tlu' costa. . Antociiini. 
 
 7. 'I'ibiic without s])iirs at the tip. 
 'l"il)ia' with sjiurs at the tip. 
 
 . ElMOlTKIilM. 
 
 8. The subcostal cross-vein is beyond the ori.u'in of the si'coud lonuitudi- 
 
 1 • ' 't 
 
 nal vein • • 
 
 The subcostal cross-vein is before the oriiiin of the si'cond lonuiludinal 
 vein. .....••••• A.M.vi.oriM. 
 
 0. Antenna' c()ni])osed of sixtei'ii joints. . Limnoimiimni. 
 
 Aiitenuiu conipose(l of from si.\ to ten Joints, often much elongated. 
 
 AxiSOMKItlNr. 
 
 L I M N ( < r. I I N I , 
 
 1. Proboscis lonirer than the head and thorax toiii'tluT. 
 
 tii:uAM)M VIA I lahda\ 
 
 Proboscis 
 
 •ihorter than the head and thorax toLS'tther. 
 
 Antenna' pectinate or sub]H'ctinate, at least, in the ma! 
 
 Antenna' not pectinate. 
 A su])ernunierary cross- v 
 
 KiiiriDiA Meiu'en. 
 
 eiii lietweeii the sixth and seventh veins. 
 
 TllI!()('Il<>l!i>I.A < !stlil Siii kv 
 
 <o cross 
 
 vein connectini'' the sixth and >eventh vein,- 
 
 ■\. Tij) of the auxiliary vein ii 
 
 Mially oi)i>osite, or l)efore, or only a short 
 the second vein ; niaruinal cross- 
 
 distance beyond the ori.uin o 
 
 vein always at the tip of the lirst lon.uitudiiial vun ; iejis slender. 
 
 1)|( KANO.MVIA Stel)hens. 
 Ti}> of the auxiliary vein usually far beyond the oriu'ii of the second 
 vein; inar.uinai cross-vein sometiines at the tip but often some dis- 
 tance before the tip (d' the lirst vein; h\i>s com]iarativi'ly stout. 
 
 LniNoitiA Mci^'cn. 
 
TIIH'LID.l.; 
 
 :i:i 
 
 1. IJostniiii at least 
 
 A\'l()( liiM. 
 
 lis \(>u<x as tlic licail. sniiuti 
 
 LTOSS-VCin. 
 
 iiics vcn loiij^-; iKi II 
 
 iari;iiial 
 
 IJostriiiii shorter tliaii tin- lieail. 
 
 2. Wiiiii-s without siiliiiKiruiiial cell. 
 \Viii.i.rs with u suhiiiariiiiia! cell. 
 
 I 
 
 'i"o\<)i:i:ni\A I.ocw. 
 
 ••:. IJc.stnun not n,i.,.h h.n.uvr than the head. . 1{„..m.m,u„ v Mei.M.i 
 
 Kostruni tiie length of tiie wliole ho.iy. K..K,.nANn.M via Osten Saekeii 
 
 ■}. Diseal cell open 
 
 Discal fell closeil. . . 
 
 ^.. Se.-on.l l.asal eell roiisi.lerahly shorter than the first, the ..reat cross 
 vein more jiroxinial than llie ..ri.ii, of the secon.l vein- three 
 
 ^ I»'-\^''-i'"- '-^'ll-s I),<.T,M.:niA Osten Sa.-ken 
 
 hecoiKl hasal cell of about the same lem-tli as the first. 
 
 (>. Xo maruinal cross-vein whatever. 
 Miii-iiinal cross-vein jireseut. . 
 
 Ki-r.n-n:itA Schiner. 
 AfAHiiA Osten Sacken. 
 
 7. First longitudinal vein ends in the costa nearly opposite the inner end 
 
 of the suhmaruinal cell. 
 The first vein emls in the costa far beyond tiie inner ind of tlie subniar^ 
 ""'"''''■" ni'iiANoi'TvciiA Osten Sacken. 
 
 8. Submai-inal cell as Ion- or but little lon-er than th.. ti,>t posterior cell. 
 
 Tkk iioi.Aiiis Osten Sacki'ii. 
 Submaro-malcell much lon.uvr than th.. first posf.rior cell. 
 
 Antociia ( )sten Sacken. 
 
 1. Five ]»osterior cells. 
 Four jtosterior cidls. 
 
 EIIIOPTKUIM, 
 
 Cr.AiUMtA (^stcn Sacken. 
 
 :i. 'I'he inner mui-inal cell has .Iniost the shape of an enuilaterul trianu!.,. 
 
 r . Cuvi'TOLAitis Osten Sackiii 
 
 Inner maruuial coll of the usual shane ■ -i 
 
 •■!. Whi^s conspicuously hairy on the whole surface or aloii-, the veins -| 
 \\ in-s not conspicuously hairy, veins bare or nearly so.* . . ,; 
 
 •f. AVings hairy on the whole surface. 
 Willys hairy aiony the veins onlv. 
 
 Hiivi'iior.oi'iir.s Kolenati. 
 
 * Antenna! joints subreniform and nodose; the eves iieiudv contij^uous 
 iihove and below '" " . ^ 
 
 (Central America). 
 
 i.MATOMKitA Oslen Sa(d<eii. 
 
34 
 
 NOKTII AMEUK'AX DIITEKA. 
 
 5. Second subniarfiinal cc'l loiificr tlian tlu- first. Eimoi-tkra Mcitron. 
 
 First subiiiarffiiial cell loiiticr than the second. Moi.oi'iiins Curtis. 
 
 Ci. First subniarfiinal cell short, not more than half the lentith of the 
 
 second. ....•••••■ ' 
 
 J'irst suhinarjiinal ci'll more than lialf the len<:th of the secontl. 10 
 
 7. Marginal cross-vein ])reseiit. 
 Marginal cross-vein absent. 
 
 (loNOMViA Osteii Sacken. 
 
 8. Second subniaririnal cell in contact with the discal cell, the anterior 
 cross-vein obsolete. ......-•••' 
 
 Anterior cross-vein jiresent, the first ])osterior cell intervenin<j; between 
 the siil)niar^nnal and the discal cells. . Kmi'kda Osteii Sacken. 
 
 0. Anal cell closed; no enipodia (Asia, Africa and West Indies). 
 
 M()N(;(>MA West wood. 
 Anal cell open; enipodia present (Central and South America). 
 
 rAKATKorKSA Scliiucr. 
 
 10. Seventh loniritudinal vein cons])icuo>isly])isinuate, Sv.mi'm:cta Mei.uen. 
 Seventh louKitndinal vein straight. H 
 
 11. Lentrth of the auxiliary vein l)eyond the cross-vein at least twice that 
 
 of the posterior cross-vein. . . 'rui.MicuA ( »sten Sacken. 
 
 The cross-vein situated near the end of the auxiliary vein. 
 
 (iNoi'iioMviA Osten Sacken. 
 
 LTMXOnilLlXI. 
 
 1. Discal cell open; antenna' apparently 2S-jointed in the $. 
 
 I'oLYMKiiA Wiedemann. 
 
 Discal cell closed. . 
 
 2. Marginal cross-vein wantintr. 
 Marjiinal cross-vein present. 
 
 ;]. Win<?s pubescent. . 
 
 Wings bare. .... 
 
 I'uYM.oi.Ar.is Osten Sacken. 
 
 Ui.omoui'ha Osten Sacken. 
 4 
 
 4. Seventh vein very short, abrujitly incurved toward the anal an.u:le. 
 
 TuHiiocKUA Meis.^en. 
 
 Seventh vein not unusual. . " 
 
 5. A supernumerary cross-vein between the auxiliary vein and the costa. 
 
 Ei'iiMiKA<iMA Osten Sacken. 
 No such supernumerary cross-vein. . . Limnoi-hii.a Maciiuart. 
 
TIIMLID.K 
 
 
 AMSOMKKI.M. 
 
 1. Tl,m.,,ost..ri.,rrvlls; tuo sulmia.-inal •■.■lis. An,s„m,k^ MH....,, 
 
 I-..ur..rMv. pns„.riur ...lis; nuuuu:. n( ,1,. $ s.uu.uuu: unuh ^.u- 
 
 uatcd. 
 
 -. 1 lu. st.-,Ma ,.,.,.„pies iH.arly fl,,. whol.. spa.v hrtw...,, ,1,.. tip of ihc n.x- 
 -l.ary v..n, a,„l tl„. M,a.-inal cToss-vn,,. . . K.no.KUA Mann.art 
 Ilu' sti.u-.na ...•.•npivs l.ut a sM.all portion of ,1,. spa.v lu^tw...,: thr tip of 
 tlH' ^lux.i.arv v.in an.! marginal rross-vin. 1',:n ,,„„., ku v Sd.in.T 
 
 2 
 
 rior 
 
 AMAI.oi'l.VI. 
 
 1. Antenna' coiiiposcd of tliirtcfii Joints. 
 AntHiniu coniposcMl of sixteen or si'vcMiicn joints. ' 
 
 2. Two eros.s-veins between tl,e first lon.i-itM.iinai vein and the ante 
 
 liraiicli ot tile second vein lu ■, 
 
 OnK. • '" '^'"- ■ • '>i«itAN()TA /t'tterstedt. 
 
 <>nh one eross-veiii between tliese veins. 
 
 •■). Five posterior eeli.s, both brandies of the fourth vein fi.vate. 
 
 ■ , . l{".vi'iiii)()i..\i!].s (Jsteii Sac ken 
 
 lM)ur posterior eeils, the jxistermr liraneh fiireate. 
 
 I'l.KCTiioMviA Osteii Sa( ke 
 
 II. 
 
 I'l.A Halidav. 
 
 4. Four posterior cells; win.irs puliesceiit. 
 
 Five posterior ceils ; win<rs bare. 
 
 •) 
 
 0. AntcTior cross-vein nearly at ri^ht angles with the longitudinal axis of 
 
 the win<i'. ' ■ 
 
 A.MAi.oi'is Halidav. 
 
 Antmor cross-vein at a very oblique an^le with the longitudinal avis of 
 tlie wing and parallel with the posterior cros>-vein. 
 
 l'i;i)iciA Latreille. 
 CYLIXDItOTOMINI. 
 
 1. Five posterior cells; colors yellow and black. 
 
 V 
 
 our posterior cells. 
 
 Cvi.iNHitOTOMA >rac(|iiart. 
 
 -'. Aiitennal joints subcvlind 
 
 Anteiinal j((intssubylol 
 
 ncal elonuated, 
 
 Hilar; 
 
 Colors yellow and l)Iack. 
 Colors lirownish and yravish 
 
 liead and thorax conspicuously punctul; 
 
 'I'liltXiMA Scllilll 
 
 ti 
 
 ler. 
 
 I 
 
 LiooMA Osti'ii Sacken. 
 
 'llAI,A( UOCKKA Schiller. 
 
 I. First suliinartrinal cell iinich 
 
 I'TVCIIOI'TKIMX.K. 
 
 Iiorter than the second. 
 
 i-irst subniai-inal cell much longer than the second. 
 
 Idmu'I.asta Osteii Sacken 
 
mi 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 k 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 145 
 
 ■M 1 2.5 
 
 |50 ■^" ■■■ 
 
 l.l iV^ H^ 
 
 1.6 
 
 IL25 iiiii 1.4 
 
 <% 
 
 p>^ 
 
 
 
 *Vj^^^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. MSSO 
 
 (716) S73-4;i03 
 
 iV 
 
 iV 
 
 :1>' 
 
 :\ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 %%"^^ 
 
 «■ 
 
 

NOK'III A.MKIMCAN DII'TKIJA. 
 
 'I'hrcc pdstcrinr eel 
 Fiiur jin>tcri(>r ci-ll 
 
 HiTTArMMORI'll A WcstWDdd. 
 
 l'r^< iiui'i i;ijA Mri"! :i. 
 
 TNMMN.i:. 
 
 1. I,«'j.''s loiiLT mill sliinliT, fspcciiiUv tlii' tar>i ; iintciinr hraiicli (if the 
 
 .sfcitiid vi'iii absent, i>l)S(iU'tc (»r iicrpiiKlicular, tin- ilidinlioid cell 
 more or li'ss si|iiare. ......... J 
 
 Lei's not unusually slender, anterior liranidi of second vein jiresent I'nd 
 o)di(|ue. ........... fi 
 
 2. Anteiiiiic tliirteenjointeil ; male forceps coinjdex. 
 
 Doi.K Mui'i:/A ("iirtis. 
 Antenna' witli less than thirteen Joints; mah- forceps small, sinijdi'. ."1 
 
 Kiftli jiosterior cell not in contact with discal cell. 
 
 Mi;(iiST«)( i;i!A Weclemanii 
 
 Fifth posterior ci'll in contact with discal cell. 
 
 4 
 
 '1. Head on a neck-like proloniialion of the thora.\ ; seventh vein short, 
 
 running; into the anal anule 
 
 HiiA( II vruKMXA Osten Sacken. 
 
 Head more closel\- ajiplicd to the thorax ; seventh vein ternntiates in tin- 
 margin at some di>'.ance from the anal an^le. 
 
 'I'ANVi-iti MXA Hsten Sacken 
 
 r*. Antemia' of $ pectinate or suh-pectinatt 
 Antenna' not pectinate. 
 
 «l. Ovijiositor ot 9 l<»n,ir, sword-like. 
 
 Ovijtositor of 9 lonji' hut not sw(ird-like 
 
 XiriintA l^rulle. 
 ("tknoI'IIoka .Mei'ien. 
 
 Tliri'e posterior veins arising' from thi' discal cell, the two anterior 
 sometimi's arisinji together liut the petiole always short. 
 
 I'a» MVuiiiiixA .Maciiuart. 
 Two posterior veins arise from the discal cell thi' anti-rior one furcate, 
 
 petiole always (tf consiilerahle U'lifith. 
 
 H. Anti'tiiia' serrate ; northern species. 
 Antenna' not .sirrate lielow. 
 
 SlVoKliui'iS Loew. 
 
 <t 
 
 llii 
 
 !l. .Martxinal vi'in wantinn, hut one nniryinal cell, anienniil joints short with 
 
 Munuti' bristles 
 'I'wo nuir{;inal ci'l 
 
 loi.oitrsiA l.ocw. 
 
 10 
 
 1(1. Alidonien slender, very lonu; anteima' composed (d' twelve Joints. 
 
 I,(»N<il IMA I-oew. 
 
 Alidonien less (doiiLratt' ; antenna' with thirteen joints. 'i'lrn.A Liniie. 
 
HIlJinMD.K 
 
 witli 
 
 ,1>1'\V. 
 
 .IH'VV. 
 ,111111' 
 
 10. r.iiJioN II ).!•:, 
 
 M(.(lt'rat<'l_v slt'iidci' Hirs. of IVdiii thrti' to ifn luillinirtrrs in 
 It'iiL'-lli. Hf'atl usually soiuculiat tlattrinMl; linnt iutlu Uialf 
 vcrv narrow, or till' fvt's cont iL;iious : face short: ryes round 
 or riMiitorni. oltcn dt'iiscly hairy in the niah' ; ocrlli larL;»'. 
 (listiiict. Antt-nna' with troin iiinr to twrlvc joints, cylindri- 
 <'al. not loii^'t-r than the head and thorax toL^t't her. the joints 
 closfdv united. I'rohosris not loip'-. with t hickfiii'd. hairv 
 
 laht'Ua; paipi varialih'. sonit'tinirs lon,l,^ with tour or tivc dis- 
 tinct joints, at otht'r times shoi't. Thorax without stituie; 
 .scutclluiii hair round. Ahdoiueii edniiiosed oi' seven or eiL,dit. 
 .sc'^nieiils, Mot short. Lei^s inoderatidv loni;' and strong, the 
 
 hin<l 
 
 jiair more or less elon^atecj. the Iront tcmora thirkeiie 
 
 front tiliia' usually with a >tout hook or coronet of spines at 
 tiu'tip: pulvilli and empodiuni distinct, the latter idteii piil- 
 villiform. \\'iii,i;s lar,-;!'. the anti'rior veins stouter than the 
 jiosterior ones ; costa not exten 'iiii,' on the jtosterior niaiL;in ; 
 .second lon,uit\i(liiial Ncin waiitin;^. the third arisinn' Irom the 
 first; third vein sometimes furcate; fourth usually fiireate; 
 first basal and sometimes the second l)asal cell present ; no 
 (liscal cell. 
 
 This family comprises ahout three hundred described species 
 ami is of wi(l»» distribution. The larva' are cylindrical, foot- 
 h'ss, with transverse rows of liristles. usually with eyes; they 
 feed on cxcreiiu'iital or viretalile siilistauccs. es|ierially on the 
 roots of "iTass. The jmpa' are inactive, imotty free, livini,^ 
 in excavated, smooth, oval cavities near the Mirlace of the 
 .H'roimd. wliicii the larva- have prepared btd'ore underndin;^ 
 their nu'tamorphosis. and where the pupa- remain liefore 
 «'nier!4;in<j[ in the i»erfect form. In some species the males 
 differ very nmrkedly in coloration irom tin females, so much 
 so that they are commonly mist;ikeii for different species; 
 they are easily dist inL-uished foi- their very lai'iu'e eyes which 
 comprise nearly the whole head and are covered with hairs. 
 
 One ol' the most common sjiecies is Hili'n) ulliii 
 
 II- nil IS w 
 
 hich 
 
iwr^ 
 
 T 
 
 NOinil A.MKIMVAN DII'I KK A, 
 
 occui's early in llic spriiiu'. in ,i;r<'at imiulx'rs. <'SiKM'iall_v alxtiit 
 willows, ami in ^ardfiis. It is (MtiisiticiKiiis lor its white wiiin's 
 and black color, ami like nio. ' other mi'iuliei's ol' the taiiiilv is 
 
 slow 111 Its iiioveiiieii 
 
 ts. tl 
 
 WW- 
 
 lieavilN 
 
 /'• ./ 
 
 f/Hii/'i 
 
 Itil. 
 
 a coin- 
 
 liioii species, is ol a (lee|» red color with black wilii;s. /.'. tristls 
 has been observed in larn'e nuiiiliers in many l\an>as wlieat- 
 titdds. duriii.LC the last week of A|tril. a|i|iareiit,ly without 
 car.siiii; daniai^e. 
 
 1. Sccoinl lijisjil cell jiroi'iit. ........ "1 
 
 Sfcond Itiisiil cfll want ill''. ........ -i 
 
 '1. 'I'liiril Imejiliidinal vein t'lmati 
 
 'hii 
 
 il vein not I'lircalf 
 
 4 
 
 I'alpi t'oiir-jdiiittil ; rn>t antiniial joint liuiiiiate. IIkspkuini s Walker. 
 
 I'alpi livi'- joiiitiMl. 
 
 I'i,i:ei\ W'iiiii'iiiann 
 
 I. !• 
 
 Hint Iirtia' witli a stoiit, siiiiic-li 
 
 ke II 
 
 niccss at till' tip 
 
 ll-S. 
 
 IJiiiio (iciilVfcy. 
 Dn.oriii s .Miiiii'ii. 
 
 Asi'i>TKs Mtiiicii. 
 
 Knmt tiliia' (it tlif iiMial strnctiirt' ; tliinl vi'iii not fiircatt': liiiiii meta- 
 tarsi shorter tiiaii llie reiiiainiii'' joints tom'tlier. S( atoi'sk (icolTicv. 
 
 Front tiliiu' wiiii a tcriiiinal coronet of spii 
 •). Kroiit tihia- cndini: in a s|»iiic-like i»roci'i 
 
 11. siMrLiiiM-:. 
 
 Small Mies, troin tlirei' to six mm. in leiio;th. with tlii(d<. 
 eom]iressed. short leos. Head hemispherieal ; face short; 
 eyes round or ri'iiit'orm. holoptic in the male; no ocelli. 
 Antenna' searccdy longer than the head, cylindrical, ten- 
 jointed; the two basal joints dilTerentiatt'd. the others (dosely 
 uniteil. j'roboscis not elongated, with small, horny laltelia ; 
 palpi ineiirviite. I'oui'-jointed ; the tirst joint short- and the two 
 lollowinij; of ('([ual length; the last one lonovr ;nid nutre slen- 
 der than the preeediiiu;'. Thora.x ovale, without suture; the 
 seiittdlum small. Abdomen cylindrical, composed of seven or 
 eio;ht seouH'iits; jLjenitalia concealed; leos stron<; and not. eloii- 
 .H'ated ; femor;i broad and flat ; tibia' without terminal spurs ; 
 lirst joint of the tarsi loii';er than the loUowino' and usually 
 
mnioMD.i: 
 
 cly 
 
 la; 
 
 \V(» 
 
 fii- 
 tiit' 
 \ nr 
 oll- 
 irs ; 
 allv 
 
 dilated ill the iiialf; llir last, jiiiiit vcrv small. \\'iiiL,'s laru't' 
 and liroad, with distinct alula-, antnidr veins lliickfiit'il. the 
 others slindtT : auxiliary vein teriuinatiie^- in the cnsta alxmt. 
 the middle (d thewiiiLf; humeral erns>-vein presmt ; srcdiid 
 l(»ii.L,Mtudinal vein wanting', the tirst and third l\inn' ehise hy 
 ea,(di other ; the t hird arisin;^ from the ti!>t reetaiiL^nlarly he- 
 lore the end of the auxiliary vein; anterior eross-\ein very 
 short; fourth vein eur\f(l. ini'ked nearly opiiosite the anterior 
 eross-vidn ; the forks terminating; near the tiji ot the wiii'^'. 
 
 'Idle family Simuliida'. ('om])risin!.;- about seventy-tive known 
 sjteeies. is one (d the liest kiiowii iiopularly amoii:.,^ dipteii, on 
 aeeount of the trouhlesome eharaeter of the tlies. which ar<' 
 s<'arc(dy less annoying;' than the trui' mos(|uito; they rarely 
 exceed iive or six mm. in len^Mli. usually not more than three 
 or i'oii.', and will he imniediatidy dist in.i;nished from the mos- 
 (jiiito 1 y tlndr thick-set appearance, their shorter le.i^s, their 
 shortei' prol)os(Ms. and less slemler antenme. In the southern 
 States they are known as "duiffalo Ljnats"' and •■turkey ^nats", 
 and sometimes occur in almost iiicre(lihle numhers; cattle 
 when attacked hy lar^'e mimi)ers are driven almost frantic, 
 and will setdv to «'vade them hy roUiui,^ in the dust. rushiiiLf 
 ahout. or K*''"n •"t" the water. \\ ln'ii the tlies are numerous 
 they will almost literally cover the cattle, especially seekini,' 
 the ()peiiin,u;s (d' the body, eiiteriiiL;- the nost rils and t he ears, 
 the mart^ins of the eyes, where they will actually lie pile(l 
 upon ea(di other. When very numerous they will produce an 
 inHaiiimat(»ry h'ver. frequently tei minatiiiLj in death. The 
 \V(dl known ICiiropean speides is S. rn/iniifiur.-.riisr. which diiriiit^' 
 some seasons in the regions ot the Daiiuhe costs the death id 
 many cattle. 
 
 The larva' are very interestiii'.;' ci'eatures ; they are aipiatic, 
 liviiij,' most freipieiilly in mountain streams, on stems of 
 plant.s. (»i* stones, where they form f(U' themstdves elon,!.':ated 
 
 cocoons, opened ahove. In the i pen end <d' tlies icooiistlie 
 
 pupa' ensconce thellisehi s with the aiiteriiU' part (d' the body 
 
10 
 
 Xoinil AMKIMCAN DIITKKA. 
 
 ii;ik('(l iiiid Ircc. Iroiii wliidi t'xtciid cinlil or sixtcoii very Ihiil,'. 
 s'.t'iidcr, tlirt'iidlikt' Itrt'at Idii^y; tuln-s. Tlit' jicidfct iiisrct cs- 
 (•;i])('S under water ami comes to the siii't'aee. Tlie larva- are 
 
 S( 
 
 Jt-sk 
 
 Km lied 
 
 tl 
 
 iiekeiied at the extremities. With a e\liiidrieal 
 
 head. tW(» j>airs of eyespots; on the tirst thoraeie se<fment 
 there is a loot ])rotul»ei'anee with bristly hooklets; and the 
 (Mid of the altdomen has sev.'ral ai"itenda,L;<'s for attaidimeiit. 
 r>ut one ^cnus is known in the tamily. S!iiiii/!iiih. which 
 will l»e recon-ni/ed from the characters alreadv sjiven. 
 
 VJ. RHVPIIIDJ:. 
 
 Head nea!'ly hemisjihei'ical ; eyes rounded, liolojific. or 
 nearly so in the niah' : broadly sej»aratcd by the front in the 
 female: oc(dli present, .\ntenna' about as loni,' as tlu' thorax, 
 composed of sixteen joints, cylindrical, the two basal joints 
 distinctly dilfereniiated ; those (d' the tla<;tdlun\ cl(*s(dy unite(l, 
 shoi't-haii'cd. gradually decri-asing- in size toward the end. 
 Proboscis moderately ]>roniinent. with small hibcHa ; ])alpi 
 very \i)\\\j;. four-jointed: the second joint lonj^er and broader 
 than the others. Thorax convex, without transverse suture; 
 scutcdlum semicircular, shcu't and broad; metanotum stroiij^ly 
 develope(l. .Vbdomen cylindrical, composed cd' seven sedi- 
 ments; n'cnitalia concealed or nearly S(». Ijchs slender, with- 
 out spines; the coxa', especially the I'ront jiair. more oi' less 
 (donj^'ated ; metatarsi idon.fated ; tibia' without spui's or the 
 liind pair with minuto ones; empodia pad-like, the pulvilli 
 absent. Winj^s hirn-e, in rest lyin;.;' tiat upon the abdomen : 
 auxiliary vein present: the costal vein reachini,^ to the tip 
 (d' the third vein. Hiscal cell i»resent, from which three 
 veins orii^inate. and a fourth arises from the posterior basal 
 e(dl ; five posterior cells ami two elongated basal cells pr;'sent : 
 a distinct sti,e;ma. 
 
 But very few species ol' this family are kntiwn. belon,<,Mn;^^ 
 to but two or three y-enera. The typical i^enus Jt/if//>/iiis c(Ui- 
 
i.i'.i'TiD.r.. 
 
 41 
 
 tMinsanun.lK.r,.r s,M.ri..s of u i,|.. .jist rll-ut in,,. s,hv,„u.„s nf 
 
 '''"'''"^'■•' ''■'"I".-Mtly tn,„„l ;,1 , ,1„. ui,„ious of .iurllni.^ 
 
 I'-Hsrs. Tin- ,..,n.s Ull.h>,,.,st.r l,;,s ,v,..M,tlv Imt,, .Irsr.-j Im.-I 
 '••'•>'. .M.-X.ru. ••It.;itrr,-st,.n,„ //A///./. ... i„ t l.r st ,•,..•( ,MV of t Im- 
 '"■"' "■•'"'^ S.,.;,,,,tr.l l,v a luna.l t,....! i„ l.ntll S-X^s, a.l.l 
 
 ";''■•'""'"" '"'•' '■'''"' ''-"'"I-l). ot tiM. a„t..„„;.. (s..a,.ns 
 
 sl.-.rf. Haovll,,,,, nf n.al.. lilit„nn. .•!,■.). of ,1... ,l,n,.ax a,„l alwln- 
 i'"'". as alsn ,11 the V. ■nation."' (O.^tcii Sackci.) 
 
 'Hm' larva- of //A,v/./...s- an- un,-„,-l,k... l,.,.l,,ss. „ak.-,l. n.o,-o 
 <"• l<'ss t,-a,Kspa,.,.„t. with ,s„ak..-lik,. .Mov,-,n.„t s ; ,1,,.,... ,,v two 
 ;^1.<'M tl.'sliy i,oi,„,sat, tl.r ,.ost,-,-in,- ,.„.|. Thr papa- a,v t,-..- 
 n.a<-t,ivr. \v,ll, two p,'oj..,.tio„.s ai,t,-,-io,-I v : tl„-v liv.- i„ ^s-^Wy 
 l-n'oks. pooks.o,. p„,|,il,.s. o,- i„ n.ttii,,^- woo.l. hollow tn-.-.s 
 iiiai,,ii-<'. 
 
 (•!• 
 
 I-:. m:ptii).i:. 
 
 '"^l"''''''""'' • '<''''t ■ l-"-,i4V siz,-. „io,-,. ..,• l.-ss ,-lo,|..-at(-.I 
 
 usually tl„„ly pilo.s.. o,- „.-arly l.a.v. without ,listi,i.-t l.tisth-s 
 -Mal.-slM.lopti,.or,!irhoptir. Ki..p.Mlia.!.-v.-lop,.,!p„lvillito,-,„ 
 ""'l'"lv,lli pn..s,.„t. T.-,u-,.la- s,.,all o,- ,„,li,„.-„ta,-v T 
 
 |"int of tjic ante, II 
 
 II I'll 
 
 ttTiiiiiial oi- (l(),-sa] arist 
 
 i;»- coniph-x (.,• siini.h". with o,- wifhoiif 
 
 a 
 
 a •"■ tt',',i,iiial stylt'. \',.i,is of il 
 
 'lisliiict, not cn.wdcd aiitci-ioi-ily ; thii-d ] 
 ••ate; hasal cells larijc; (iv, 
 
 K' wi,il;s 
 
 "iiL;itii(li,ial vt-i. 
 
 I liii- 
 
 As (h'liiu'd ahovr. t 
 
 Lt'plida- and Cociioiiiyida- of authofs. I 
 
 pusft'i-io,- cells us,ially pn-scnf. 
 lis family iiichidrs the Xyh plia-id: 
 
 t may he a (picst ion 
 
 wlH-th.M- this union is jii.stifiahl.-. l.nt. on tlh- whol 
 I'at. tJi,. s,d..<.liara.-t..,- wl.i.-h ran 1..- ns,-d to di.st in..„ish tl 
 
 <'. Il seem.' 
 
 amilit's- the sfi-,ict,ii',' of the t 
 
 tlH' ^M'oup unnaturally, throwin- with the Xvl 
 
 lii'd antt'inial Joi-it divid 
 
 t'S 
 
 whose 
 
 opliauida- lorms 
 
 itlinities are n;,vatest with the I.eptida-. iiotwithstaml- 
 
 iii.n' th<' antennal (haraetoi 
 
 ri«' Xylopha-ina' inelude les.s than one humh-.-d \ 
 
 l'<»i'ms, and manv of tl 
 
 "'111 .'iiv iv,,iai'kal.le for tl 
 
 \i,()wn 
 
 nil' ,L;e,,eral 
 
I'l 
 
 'iilii 
 
 VJ 
 
 Xoirni AMKKK \X DII'TKHA. 
 
 rrsciiihhiiicc to ccrtaiii liyinciioiitcictiis insects. SjH'cics (»t' 
 I!/itir/i!rfnis I'oni! ;i cuniicctini,' link with tln' Nciiiatofcni, and 
 lire apt to he ('oiiioiiiidtMl witli tin' l{liy|tlii<la', hut the jtn'sciicc 
 ol' the j)ulvilli will (listin<,Miish them. 'I'hc lar\M' ar*' louml 
 in (h'cayiiii^f wcxtd or under the hark ot trees and are carnivor- 
 ous and predaceous, feedinj; upon tlie larva- o 
 
 net 
 
 ■tl 
 
 es 
 
 and 
 
 other wood insects. The skin is pardinientdike. the hody 
 cylindrical. 'I'hc niouth-paits and antenna' arc very small, 
 the uiaxillij' short and hook-like. The first or the tirst three 
 seirnu'iit; back oi the lu'ad are chitinized ahove; the last sc-'- 
 
 iiieu 
 
 t ah 
 
 )ve with a chit)ni/ed plate terminating,' jfostcriorly in 
 two hooks. The fourth to the ninth se,<,Mnents have hristly 
 pseudojxuls below. The pupa' are tree. 
 
 The Leptiiia! comjirise soinethiui,' over two hundred known 
 sjH'cies. They are usually of moderate size and not very active 
 in their habits. The larger species are commonly found in 
 meadows and woodlands, restiii,;.,' ui>on stems or trunks of trees 
 with their head downward. They are sometinu's ])redace()us 
 upon other insects and the spe»'ies of Si/iti/i/iorttini/iti have a 
 
 habit of suckiii"'' blood as do the horsetlie; 
 
 The larva' are 
 
 ])redaceous, liviiii,' in the earth, in decayiiii^ wood or in pas- 
 
 sa<'es imu 
 
 U' 1 
 
 )V woodboriiiLC 
 
 net 
 
 ■tl 
 
 es. 
 
 ( )thers live in moss, in 
 
 sand or in water. The e^'u^s of Athrrir are deposited in dense 
 masses attached to dry branches overhanging!: water. Not only 
 do numerous femah's contribute to the formation of these 
 masses, but they remain there themselves and die. The lavva* 
 hat(rning, esca])e into the water. The flies of species of I'rr- 
 inUe» deposit their eggs in sand, and the larva' form conical 
 pitfalls in which to ensnare small insects. The te>)th seg- 
 ment of these larva' l)ears above at its tip a transverse row of 
 long booklets directed backward, but with tlu' hooks bent, 
 forward; the eleventh segment has a similar row directed 
 forward, the hooks of which are turned backward. On the 
 fifth segment below there is a simple unitairetl grasping foot 
 whieli is capable of being jtrotriuh'd forward and downward; 
 
M'.ri'ID.K. 
 
 4;{ 
 
 at ''•;';i'tl..'.v:nvlunina.,^M,]:,r. sharp, flaf.. . hi, innush.M.ks 
 
 ■""i '"■l"^^- tlH'I.l snuw stiff hHsllrs. Thr huokh-ts smv .s 
 
 ■•'His ui iM.nn- in the san.l an.lt.. lix t h..nis.-] v.-s ; th.-o.-.n ... 
 tl'" l.tth s..,^nHM., rnahh.sth.. harva t.. s.-i/r an.l h.-hl its^„vv 
 ='>..! als.Mn.-.Mistru.'lin.L;- thr pitfalls. Th. h.rva- ..f t h.- I ,.p- 
 ">"- =>. .^vn.M'al a.v ..ylin.lri..al. with ..,• uith.mt th.shvah,h,n,- 
 H'all.-u^s. 'n.nasts..^nH.nthasatransv,.rs..,.h.ft.th,.p,.rt,i„n 
 al.ov.. wh,..h is pruvi.h-.l uith tw... „f,..,. l,a.-k\var.i-l...nt points 
 "'•I»-o.-.vss..s; th.-nn.h.rpart is..i,,Ms,.. wit h t h.- t wo sti-nnata 
 iH'twt't'n th.'iii. 
 
 TAI5LK OF (iKNKIJA, 
 
 five [)( stcrinr cells iiri'sciit. 
 A.if.MMa. slu.rt .„• hut littl.. Ho,,^;.,.',], ,Ih. .hinl J„i„t si,Mph,\vitl. h U-v- 
 
 ""•■"'--"-alaris.aora ...nuinai s, vl. . ,an. ., I, ..x..avaU..I • 
 
 I"-..l...Ma> slmrt ; s,,,,,.. ..r all .,f .1,.. til.ia. s,M.m..|. . I.,,,.n.v,,.' 
 
 -• A'l tiu' tihia' witli snurs ,. 
 
 I.- •, . . , ■ • • • • A > i.oi'ii \<;i\.i: 
 
 iTOIlt tlhlU' WllllOUt SPIIIN. . 
 
 ' • • • • • AlMlllJ.M l.li.VTIN.i;. 
 
 -\VI,(»|'IIA(;|\.i.:. 
 
 I. Alirn„r,.osU.ri,.r veins (i. ... .I- vIms ..para.in. ,1,.. pnsn.nor ....|N) 
 i.nsctrnM. ti,e,l>s,.aleell: lua.l small ; s.-ufll,,,,, ui,h spiiU. 
 
 I !>.• last post.TM.rvnn arises fr..... ti.e son.,,.! hasal cell, il,e 
 terior cell lu'iice not c.)nti-n 
 
 tit'tli pos- 
 
 sfutelluin vvitlidiit spini 
 
 iti-uoiis at its t.ase with the .iiscal cell 
 
 Third joint of the ant 
 Third 
 
 I'liiia' acute at tip, 
 
 J.'iiit ol antenna- not acute at tip 
 Fourth posterior cell close.!; the tliir.l 
 
 A I! 
 
 tiii!<)|'i;as I 
 
 oew. 
 
 iite, composed of n 
 
 utnerous, distinct .1 
 
 joint of the anieiina' much el 
 
 on- 
 
 fiiiarj-inate near the anteniiiv. 
 
 Koiirth posterior cell open; thir.l 
 
 iinnuli, indistinctly separate.l. 
 
 .visions, often pectinate ; ev: 
 
 wiA( iiicMM s Ilali.lav 
 
 loiiit .il antenna' composed of eiuht 
 
 .\ VI.I>l'l|.A<il s .Mei;r..„. 
 
 1. Fourth p.)sterior cell 
 
 A urn KO( ' r; i;.\ r I \.K 
 
 '}ieii. 
 
 F.iiirth posterior cell closed. ( 
 
 '>iihii/,i preoc.) SiHi i..\ Omvia 
 
 iioin. nov, 
 
71- '■ 
 
 44 
 
 Noirni AMKUICAX DIITKKA. 
 
 2. Face projfctiiiti on cicli side in ii roumlcd, conical jirotnhcrancc, tliicl iy 
 covered with liair. ...... (Ji.i roi's Uiiru'css. 
 
 Face witli two (Iicp tlivcr^riiij,' furrows, runninj; froiii the hasc of tiic 
 antenna' to tlic oral niariiin. Aimmkoci-kas Wilii^ton. 
 
 LKl'TIN.i:. 
 
 1. Front tiltia' witli terminal .xpurs *J 
 
 Front til)ia' without terminal sjmrs. ........"'. 
 
 2. Front tibia* with u .sin<rle spur; sometimi's only four jxisterior ctils prt s- 
 
 ent in the winff. l)i.\i,vsis Walker. 
 
 Front til»ia' with two spurs; fivi' posterior cells as usual. 
 
 Tkii'TOtimciia I.oew. 
 
 I). Third joint of tiu' antenna* rouml, oval or pear-shaped, its hristle dis- 
 tinctly terminal. \ 
 
 Tliird joint of the antemia- kidiiey-shaj)ed, the arista jnore dorsal. <• 
 
 Anal cell ojten ; hin<l tiliia* with two sjuirs. 
 Anal cell closed. ..... 
 
 Lki'Tis Faliricius. 
 
 Third joint of the antenna' with a slender arcuate bristle; hind tibia' 
 
 with one sjjur. C'liitYsoi'ii.A .Maciiuart. 
 
 Tiiird antenmil joint witii a shorter, slender style. 
 
 I Si'ANMA Mei<:en. 
 
 ( I'noMNA Zetterstedt. 
 
 Hind tibia' with two spurs; anal cell closed. . Atiikkix Meij^en. 
 
 Hind tibia' with a single spur; anal cell o])en. 
 
 Symi'Iiokomvia Frauenfeld. 
 
 14. STlJATIOMYIIXIv 
 
 Small to modoratclv lar«ft'. iiearlv l)ar(' or tliiiilv pilose, bris- 
 tleless spccit'S. Head shoi-t, heiiiisphorical or Hattciiod, ii.s 
 broad as the thorjix. Ocelli present. Eyes eoiitii,ni()iis or 
 separated by the front in the male. Antenna- porreet. apj)rox- 
 imated at the base, three-jointed, the third joint always eom- 
 ]»lex, usually with a terminal styh^ or an iirista. Prolxiseis 
 never elongated ; ])alj)i two or three-jointed, sometimes rudi- 
 mentary. Thorax never strongly convex ; scutellum ot'tiMi 
 with tiibertdes, si)ines or projection on its margin. Abdomen 
 eom[)osed of from live to seven segments, iisii;illy flattened. 
 
srijA'i'ioMviD.r, 
 
 
 '(It. 
 
 ten. 
 
 is- 
 :is 
 or 
 
 )X- 
 
 111- 
 
 cis 
 
 (li- 
 
 tcll 
 
 ItMl 
 
 nltt'ii cloii^Mlfil. ],i'j:< iit'VtT t liirkly pilosi'; willinnt hristlis. 
 t lie t ilii;i' wit liDiit sii irs (i'\('('|it in sdiiii- Ili'iiiliiiii'); piiKilli ;iim1 
 
 • 'in|H)ili:i |), Ill-Ilk) 
 
 lit- (•n>tai 
 
 vfiii i)t t 
 
 II' Willis ilnrs nut 
 
 ri'iii'li to till' ti|i lit' tilt' wiiiL;'; \riiis olti'ii {tmu ilnl iiiiti'iinriv 
 aiiil tlinst' ])n>t;'i'inrly wrak : discal ct'll pri'M'iit : tniir or ti\- 
 
 I H IS 
 
 l.t'riiir (M'lls. ;iiiil oiir ur t 
 
 wii siiliiiiiii'Ljiiial rrlls iirrsnit. tin 
 
 aiittTiiir liraiii'li ui tlic tliinl \i'iii > 
 
 linl't 
 
 aiiil iitti'ii iiiilist iiict, 
 
 'I'lic I'aiiiily St rat ioiiiyiihi' is one oi' consiilrralili' si/c in- 
 cluiiini:,' nearly one tliousaml known species, 'i'lie tlies are 
 invarialily flower insects, seliloin with any niarkeii |iower> ol' 
 Hi;.^'lit anil never liaviiiLj the hahil of hovrriie^- in the air. Not 
 a lew species are eaii;4lit in lieatiii'^ nets or on the window s of 
 ilwellini,' liouses. Many of the species lia\t' in liie hri^ht yel- 
 low or <,'reen iiiarkinu;s. Their eL,^!4's are laid on the Lrronnd.on 
 plants about water, or perhaps on the siirtace of the water 
 itself. The larva' are carnivorous, or Iced upon decayiii;,' ve;;- 
 etalije material. The larv;e ol < '/n-i/sintii/iu have heeii toiind 
 in cow-duiiLC. and under stones ; those of Sifr;/iis in the llowiii'^ 
 sap (d' elm trees ; those of llirnn fin in pri\ its ; t hose of rnrh ij- 
 iiostci- in tleeayilii,' W(>otl ; those of Hiris in iiioss ; those of 
 Sfnifiiiiiii/ld. ( h/niifoim/io. Xciinitfl IIS, etc.. ill water. 'I'lie lar- 
 v;i' of Strntiimi ii'tii liavt' been found in salt and alkaline water. 
 The body is smooth and tlatteiicil. th" last se^^nient often pm- 
 lon<;t''d into an eloii.^'uted breathiiiLT tiiiu' aiitl with a teruiiiial 
 transverse cleft. The jnipie are inactive, reiiiainiii;^ within 
 the larval skin, the pupal skin reiiiainini;- within, or partially 
 within, the larval skin when the lly escapes through a ltui,L;i- 
 tiiilinul rent. 
 
 TAHLK HF cr.NKKA. 
 
 1. Atitlnmcii willi seven visilili' sciiiiuiils. 
 Aliiltmieii witii five itr six visiiilc scmiieiits. 
 
 l»r.i!ii>iN.i.. 
 
 :.'. 'I'hree posterior veins,* all arisiiiu- I'roiii tlie tliscal cell. r.\iiiV(i.\STi!iN.K. 
 Four posterior veins, the anterior oius soiiKtiines rutlinuiUary. . '•'> 
 
 * \\\ posterior veins is nu'aiit those separatinji' the posterior cells. 
 
10 
 
 XOKTII AMKUIOAX DirTKlIA. 
 
 .'!. All the pDstcrinr v(ii\s arise fruni tlic iliscal cell, tlir fiftli postcrinr ctll 
 liciH'f cniitiL-Miuus with till' ili^i'ai cell. ..... I 
 
 'I'lic last posterior vein aris( s t'roin tlie second l>asal cell. . •'» 
 
 I. 'i'liinl joint of tile antenna' wiili a lony, ilelieatelv trinueij, lain. Iliforni 
 stvle ; nsnallv larjie. more or less elon<:ateil >pi'eies ; males dielioptic 
 (llerinetiiiia'). ...... Iii;i:Mi;riA Latnille. 
 
 Third aiitennal joint not with such a stvle; alidomeii short. 
 
 ('i.rn:i.i.,\i!iN.K. 
 
 '». Antenna' with a slender ilorsal or terminal, hare or piiheseent arista. 
 
 SAlttilN.K. 
 
 Antenna' never with a sUiider or lonii arista. . . Stkatiom^ i.v.K. 
 
 I'.KKFIMV.K. 
 
 1. Three j>osterior veins, all arising from the discal cell.* . . 2 
 Four posterior veins, all arising' from the discal cill; scutellum with 
 
 spines. ........... (5 
 
 2. Scutellum without spines. ........ J! 
 
 Scutellum with ispines 4 
 
 ."I. Short, small species. 
 
 Klonirate, lar;;t'r species; head sometimes small. (Central and South 
 America). ('iiiuo.my/.a VVcidcinann. 
 
 Ai.i.oiiNosTA Osten Sacken. 
 
 4. Scutellum with ti'U spines (("I'utral and Sotith Anu'rica). 
 
 Scuti'Uum with not more than si.\ si>inei 
 ;"). llea<l lu-mispherical. 
 
 IIktkuacantiia Scliiner. 
 
 Rkims Latreille 
 
 Head not henusi)herical, the front much flattened ami eloiijiate (Central 
 
 America). 
 
 liiiRisMviA (fi};lio-Tos 
 
 i>. ()ccij)ut flattened; hind femora .simple; the last two a1)doininal seg- 
 
 ments small. 
 
 Scoi.ioi'Ki.TA Willistoii. 
 
 Occijuit excavated ; liind femora thickened at the extremity. 
 
 Ni:i)KXAiki;ta Osten Sacken. 
 
 S.\K(iIN.K 
 
 1. Antenna' elontrate, with a terminal, puhesctiit styU' (Central and S(, itli 
 
 Anu'rica). 
 
 AiKocH.KTA Wii'demann. 
 
 Antenna' short with an ai>ical or preapical arista. . 
 Scutellum with two spiiu's (Central and South America). t 
 
 HiiAi'iiiocKKA Wiedemann- 
 
 Scutellum without sjjines. 
 
 * Variable in lin-is. 
 
 t If hut a .single sul»niarj>:inal cell ])resent, comjiare Xot/ninn/iii (Stra- 
 tiomyina' ?)• 
 
sriiA'noMviD.i:. 
 
 iiiiii- 
 
 hr.i- 
 
 '.). Anterior (><'<lliis more wiilcly s(]i;iriit(il tliiin llw ntliiT two; iii:il<-i li 
 Ii>]iti(' (ir (licliipptic. ......... 
 
 ncflli fi|iiiili>iinit, iiiiirf ai)pri>.Tiiriiit(ii. ...... 
 
 •I. .Miildiiuii <'iiiitriicti'(l lu'iir tlif Kasc, clavalc <ir jn dicillatc. 
 
 M 
 
 Aliilniiu'ii not ]ic(li<'illati' or clavatr 
 
 
 I'.i.rnt. 
 
 (•Ill- 
 
 '). SfCdiid aiitiiiiial joint |iroion;,'((! on tlic iiitnr >iil(', ixtciulint; on ami 
 
 closfiy \y\\\'^ npon tiic tiiirtl Joint. 
 SiToiid antciniai Joint not with siicli a projection 
 
 1*1 irrici s Loiw. 
 
 (i. Iliml fi'inora nioilcratiiy thickfncil on tiic proximal portion ; oriirin of 
 till' si'coml vein near tiu' anterior cro.-^s vein (Ci'ntral ami South 
 
 Ami'rica). 
 
 MKUOSAItlil s I 
 
 Iliml ffinoia slcinliT, or the secoml vein ninotc from tlu' anterior c 
 
 ■oew. 
 ross- 
 
 vcin. 
 
 7. Third Joint of the antenna' pointeil, the arista somewhat thickeiieil ; first 
 anti'nnal Joint moderately ioni: (('eiitral and South America). 
 
 llisM<»iiui>M.\ Schiller. 
 Third anteiiinil Joint oval, the arista sUii'ier. ..... S 
 
 S. IChnijiati' species [('/iri/sniiKtns preoc.) . Ciiitvsoi iiitoMA, mtin. nov. 
 
 Dei'p metallic sjiecies ; ahdomeii short; eyes of male with an ana of 
 
 eulartred facets ahove; front of female hroad. .Mi('U<m muvsa Loew. 
 
 STKATK)MVIN.K. 
 
 1. Third lony:itudinal vein with an anterior hramdi ; third Joint of antenmc 
 
 elongate. ........... "J 
 
 Third lonj,ntudinal vein without anterior hraiich. ....<! 
 
 2. St'Utelluni without s{)ines ; first two Joints of thi' antenna' short (Central 
 
 and South America). 
 
 ("noHDONOTA (Jersta'cker, 
 
 Scutelhim with sjiines, rarely wantint; in (filiiutum'/in. ....'! 
 
 ."). Third joint of the antenna' eomixised of from three to five annuli. I 
 
 Third joint c()m]tosed of seven or ei^ht annuli. ....') 
 
 J. I'Mrst antenuiil joint three or four tinu's the lenj^th of the second. 
 
 STitATioMvrA ( JeofTroy. 
 First antenuiil joint less than three times the leiijith of the sicoml. 
 
 Okoxtomma Meijfi'U. 
 
 •">. Tliird imtennal joint elon<rate, termimitinjr in a i)oint ; first joint two or 
 three times the lenuth of the si'cond (Central ami South America ami 
 
 West Indies). 
 
 Cvriio.M VIA Wiedemann. 
 
 Tliird antennal joint torniinatin^r in a hristle; first Joint hut little loiigiT 
 than the second (Central and South America). 
 
 Nkokon-oania Osten Sacken. 
 
4S 
 
 NOIJTII AMKlMf'AN DIITKIJA. 
 
 <i. Fiicf ])ri)iliiccil {■(iiii<'iilly ilownwanls; anti'iiii!i' C'lonjriitc. 
 
 .M vx(»s.\i{<.i s Hriiucr. 
 Face nut prDilin'til coiiically ; tliinl antcmial joint oval witli a tiTiniiial 
 
 arista. 
 
 NoTIIO.MVIA L( 
 
 )l'\V. 
 
 (LITKI.LAIMN'.K 
 
 1. SciitcUuii: uitlioiit spines. 
 
 Sciitt'lluin with spini's. .... 
 
 2. Antenna' short, with a suhtiTniinai arista. 
 Antenna- nw.Te or h'ss eioii'Mti'. 
 
 < )xv< i;uA Mtiiit II. 
 
 Antenna' situated near the oral margin ; thiril joint composed of si.x 
 
 ajuuili (("eiitral and Smitli Anii-rica). 
 
 I'll uvm:i i!A Scliiner, 
 
 Antenna' situated near or a little helow the niiddh' of the head in jiro- 
 
 file, 
 
 4 
 
 4. Antenna' niueh eion^ati'd ; style not dilTen'ntiated ; eyes bare ; snialliT 
 
 sptc'ies. ...... 
 
 Antenna' niodi'rately elonuiited. 
 
 5. Style of anteinia' not dilTerentiated. 
 
 Style of antenna- distinetly ditVeri'iitiatt-d. 
 
 <>. Kyes jtilose; antenna- with a slemU-r styli-. 
 
 ICyes hare; style not slender (Central America). 
 
 Ki'i'AiJHVini s (iersta'cker. 
 
 Sroi.ioi'Ki.TA Willist 
 
 on. 
 
 C'l.iTKM.AiiiA Meimn. 
 
 Faci- conically produced downward. 
 Face not conically j>roduced. 
 
 AocHi.KTi s Osteii Sackeii 
 Nk.motklus (u'offrov 
 
 H. Third antennal joint with a Ioii<r slender arista, Innf^er than the antenna- ; 
 eyes hare (Ci-ntral and South America and the West Indies). 
 
 (^Hijvsocii I.OKA .Macquart. 
 Fyes ]>ilosi-; antenna- with a short, thickened, divaricate, hairy style, ti-r- 
 niinatin;4' in a short slender Itristle; second joint of antennae not 
 with a tinjier-like ]»rojection over the third joint (West Indies). 
 
 I'ki.aoomvia Williston. 
 l'.\('IIV(J.\STUIN.K. 
 
 1. Antenna* situated near tin- oral inar^ 
 
 in. 
 
 Antenna' situated near the middle of the head in proflU-. . . ;'. 
 
 2. Third joint of tin- antenna- forked, ctimitlicated in structure {('iKtniin 
 
 preoc. West Indies), .... Niooc iiAi na, num. nov. 
 
 Third joint of the anti'iina- eloiifiate, with a distinct style, not forktd 
 
 (Central and South America). . Acantiiina Wiedemann. 
 
 o. Scutellum ending- in a stout spine ((^entral and South Anii'rica). 
 
 S(-utellum without sj)ine, simpli- 
 
 CvNii'i.MoiM-iiA i?rauer. 
 rACiivoASTiiU Meiuiii. 
 
lAI'.AXID.K. 
 
 4!) 
 
 ir.. acaxthomkuidj:. 
 
 Very larov. tlu- lar^.-st ai„.,n,^- Wipt.-ra. stent, hristlrlrss 
 ".'arly l.aiv rii.s. Ky.s lar;;.. ....nti^uous in tlu- ,aal.. O.-Hli 
 
 Pn's.-nt. Tlnr.l joint of tlH.ant<.nna.u>n.,.l.-x. nnn,.os,.,l oi' 
 s^-v.M. scKn.rnts. with a t.-nninal, oltm in tin- n.al. srtirom, 
 sty!,. l>,ol,osr,s short, not a.lapt.Ml in,- pi^rrinn-, with th-shv 
 l=ilH-na. T.-nh. ru.linu.ntary. Tii,iaMvithont spnrs ; ,a.lvilli 
 =""1 ^''»I..Hha ]>a,l-lik,.. \Vin,s w,th two snhn>ar,inal an.l fiv. 
 posterior (m-Hs, the fourth posterior .-ell an.l the anal eell eh.se.l 
 I'Ut two genera are known in this I'an.ilv. inelu.lin^ aito- 
 ^.■ther only about fifteen or .ixte-n sp^.-ies! all of whi'eh are 
 n.li. Intants of Central and South An.eriea. The speeies are 
 n'.narkahle for their extraor.inu.ry sixe. son.e reaehn.^ nearly 
 tu-o .nehes in len;,th. The spe.-ies of J...^;).,,,,,, are found 
 :" ion.sts, ah-htm- on trunks of tr.^es. aee,.r.liun. to Mr 
 Chanipu.n; otherwise their hal.its. whether of tlie'^a.lult or 
 m.mature stages, are l>ut little k.iown. IJrauer has thn.re.I 
 H.Hl cesenhed the larva- of J. Fnn,ruf.l.ni. Thev are evlin- 
 ' n<-al, th.ek and short. The la>t se,nuent is fir.nU" ehitinixed 
 alH.ve with two series of I.ookh-ts, the two proj^-tin- haek- 
 wanls m the middle heino^ stout and enrved ;' indow these 
 there is a deep, transverse ,deft. on the under side of whi.-h is 
 a rounded lip. 
 
 In both Arnnthonwra an.l Uhn i,hh>rlnjnrhu. the face may he 
 pi-odueed eonieally or not at all. The two genera are di;tin- 
 j,nushed hy the strueture of the palpi, in Arauth.nu-rn slender 
 m IUn,pJuo>'h!,„r/n,s stout and pointe,!. Arantl,.u„rn, mav 
 liave sitines on the hind femora. 
 
 Hi. TAIJAXIIMv 
 
 Head larg.., transvers.-, somewhat flattened ami with tli.' 
 ooeiput Hat or eoneave. Antenna^ j.orreet, the thir.l joint eom- 
 posed of from five to ei.^d.t annuli or se^vm.nts. Kyes hu-e 
 pnlH'seent or hare, eontigu..us above in the male ami with tl.e 
 
r»(» 
 
 NOirni AMKKHAN DIPTKKA. 
 
 upix'V I'accts lai'un'i' tJiai- uc lower (Hics; in life usually with 
 i,M'('('n and pui'jtlt- iiiarkin.ijs. Ocelli absent or ju-esent. Tro- 
 bosj'is ]irojeetiii!^'. sonietiuies uiueli elon^aleil ; ])ali»i two- 
 jointed, the second joint elon_i,Mte oi- thickened. Thoi-ix no". 
 
 very convex aliov( 
 
 •utelluni never with tubercles or sjiii 
 
 nes 
 
 on its border. AbdonuMi bi'oaih moderately elon.fate or short. 
 never slender or constricted; composed of st'ven se^iiients: 
 genitalia nevii- {irominent. TiC.us moderately stout, the 
 tibia' sonii'times nuudi dilated; middle tibia* always with 
 si)ui's at the tijt; tarsi with thrt'«> meml)ranous ])a(ls at the 
 ti[) (the empodia developed pulvillirorm). 'Ferula' always 
 
 of eonsidei'able si/i 
 
 Tl 
 
 \o marginal vein encom])asses tlu 
 
 entire wing; two submarginal ind five posterior cells prestuit ; 
 basal cells all elongate, the anal cell (doseil at or near the 
 uuirgin of tlie wing. S})eeies never viu'v snuill, often among 
 the larg"st of the order, never thickly pilose, and wholly 
 without bristles on liodv or legs. 
 
 This family includes the flies commonly k!U)wn as horse- 
 flies, and is widely distributed over tlie wt)rld. About four- 
 teen hundred species are known, of whicdi more than one 
 hundred and filty are from North America. ^lauy of the 
 s])ecies are eonspicnious for their large size, though the greater 
 number are of moderate size, but iu)iu' are small. Most of 
 them love the bright sunshine, though the smaller fV)rms are 
 more usually found about shailv idaces near the border of 
 
 d 
 
 woods, apj)earing on sunslimy days 
 
 The femab^ alone i.^ 
 
 blood-sucking in habit ; the males are much more rartdy met 
 with, and will be caught usually in sweepings of meadow- 
 lamls, on flowers, etc. Their power of flight is remarkabl(\ 
 moving as rapidly as can a horse 
 
 Tl 
 
 leir i)ite^. thougli pan 
 
 rh 
 
 ful enough, do n(»t seem to cause the same irritation as those 
 of the mos(putoes and midges. ^Vilen no better food olfei'S. 
 the females will, like the males, seek the juices of plants and 
 th)wei's. 
 
 Tiu" spindle-shajied brown or black eggs of the Tabanida' 
 
TAHAMD.K. 
 
 .•)! 
 
 arc t( 
 
 tlie 
 
 nni.l attacluMl tn the st.-iii of plants ..r on l.-avs. tl 
 
 iuiuatic forms are found atta.-lH..l to rushes. Th, ' Ian" 
 
 lost' ol 
 
 ire carnivorous, fccdin-' upon snails. < tl 
 ':ivc a distinct head. The hody is ,d 
 encircled witii retractile flesl 
 
 1 
 
 ler larva', "tc. Tl 
 
 lev 
 
 t'vcn-jointt'd. olten 
 
 velojK'd only on the ventral side, tlie 1 
 
 i.v I»rotul>ei'ances, soinetiiiies dt 
 
 tical ])reatl 
 
 St 
 
 iiiiL,' openin.LT, or the last t\v 
 
 igmatic tube. l'uj)a free, 1 
 
 ^t se.L^nitMit with a ver- 
 o se_i,rinents foriuin-r a 
 
 iviii.i,^ in the e;;rth or in 
 
 water. 
 
 1. Hiixl tiltiii" will 
 
 TAHI,K (IK (iK.NKHA. 
 
 1 s 
 
 Hind til) 
 
 purs at tlic tip. soiiictiiii 
 
 H' witliout .«;{>urs (Tii/„niin,i ). 
 
 \vs 
 
 small {l\in<i,,ulti„). 
 
 Til 
 
 ird .joint of tlu' antirin 
 
 IS o 
 
 Tl 
 
 Illy a littk' lonj,^i'r tiian the t 
 
 •' '•"•i'.i.ommI „f ,.i,i.|it annul!, tlu- first ..f which 
 
 Oiiowillcr oil,. 
 
 "Hi joint foniimstMl of five- an.u.ii, the first of whitl 
 than the f()Ilowinjr,„K,s; oeelli jtrcscnt. 
 
 1 IS niiu'h lonircr 
 
 Kront of female broad, witi 
 Front of tVnial 
 
 1 a lar^-c ( 
 
 e narrow, ocelli present or al.seiit 
 
 ieiiiided caihis; occ^lli present. 
 
 4. First and fourth jjoste 
 
 rior cells cl„,sed (Central and South America). 
 
 Fourtli posterior cell, at 1 
 
 least, open. 
 
 DiCMSA Schiller. 
 
 *l» 
 
 5- Fyes iifutely an«,'ulated ahove; II 
 
 I*A\(;()MA Latreill 
 
 ippohoscid-liki' spec 
 
 les. 
 
 '•es not acutely angulated al 
 
 )ove; not Ilippohoscid-likt 
 
 (io.,ioi's Aldricli, 
 
 0. Second joint of tl 
 
 Ai'AT(>i.i;,STi;s Willist 
 
 on. 
 
 wit! 
 Seoon^ 
 
 leanterna' ahoiit half as V 
 
 1 numerous sman dots. 
 J joint of the antenna' as I 
 
 •iiL' as till' first 
 
 eyes in life 
 
 joint; wiiijrs with a dark pictur 
 
 Sii.vii s Meineii. 
 onu- or hut little shorter than the first 
 
 SJ)Ot> 
 
 7. Third joint of the ant 
 
 'e: eyes in life with few 
 
 er, lar}.ri'r 
 
 cess. 
 
 Ciiuvsoi's Meij 
 
 ennu' withoui, or with a rudinieiitarv basal 
 
 ii'ii. 
 
 Thi 
 
 s. Tl 
 
 rd joint of anie.uia. with a well-develoi.ed basal 
 lorax and abdomen with irrid 
 
 process. 
 
 l)ro- 
 
 1(1 
 
 (Central and South A 
 
 'hon 
 
 nui 
 
 X and ubdoinen without toinent 
 
 esceiit toineiitum; all the tibia- dilated 
 rica and West Imlies). IIalim s JVrtv. 
 
 um 
 
 * Inclusive of Crhunnm, and hmlumln.um Hon.lani 
 
S'PT^ 
 
 r>'2 
 
 XOirni AMKIUCAN DllTKlJA. 
 
 '.•. Front of fciiialf us hrnad as loiii^, tlu' callus transwrsc. 
 
 II.KMATUIOTA .MciL'cn. 
 
 Front of fftnalc iiiirrow. . Di Acni.oitus ( )stiii Sacki ii. 
 
 10. Front tiliia' niiicli ililati'il ; process of tin- third Joint niiicli fioniii'li il 
 
 (Ct'Mtral and South Anu'rica). . . . Stiuaso.ma Schiiur. 
 
 Front tihijL' not dilati'd. . .11 
 
 11. Fir.st antcnnal Joint I'lonuatc; l»ody clonfiati- ((\'ntral and South 
 
 America) l)irni:i,A('i;KA .Macquart. 
 
 First antcnnal joint short ; hodv not cloniratc. .... 12 
 
 12. A small occlli,t;crous tiihcrclc jircscnt in the male; eves puhescetit. 
 
 'I'llKiMoiM.Eci i;s Zidler. 
 No oct'lliucrous tuhc rcle. ........ l-'J 
 
 1.']. V.ycs ])uljescent. 
 l''.vcs hare. 
 
 Atvi.otl'S Osten Sacken. 
 Taiiani s Linne. 
 
 1 
 
 ASILIILK 
 
 S})('(Mes of iiiodt'i'utc to lai'i^M' size, usually more or less cloii- 
 i^ate ill t'oriu. soinctiiiu's tliicklv liairv ; alwavs liristlv. tlu' 
 bristles usually conspicuously strong; highly })re(la('cous in 
 habit. Head tiatteiu'd. broad .md short, sej)ar;ited from the 
 thorax by a freely movable ne(;k. Front excavated between 
 the eyes, the eyes iu l)oth sexes se])arated. Three ocelli ])res- 
 ent, usually situtited ui)ou a. rouiuled tubercle; front with 
 bristles. Antenna' j)orr(M't, sini})le, conijtosed of three joints. 
 the tliird usually nu)re or less elongated, and with or without 
 a terminal style or bristle, the style sometimes thickeiu'd and 
 forming one or two apparent antennal joints. Proboscis 
 never elong;ited, firm aiul horny, adapted for ])iercing, directctl 
 forwtird, or forward and downward; ])alpi composed of one or 
 two joints; labella not Heshy. Al)domen composed of eight 
 segments, the hyi)()pygium or oviduct usually prdinineiit. 
 Legs strong, l)rist]y of moderatei length, rartdy somewhat 
 elongated; tarsi strong; empodia bristle-like, the 'atlvilli 
 rarely rudimentary. Teguhe small. \\'ings when at rest 
 lying parallel over the abchunen ; basal cells h)ng: twn or 
 
ASILID.K 
 
 >).) 
 
 'V\\ 
 
 ■ith 
 uts. 
 .ut 
 liuul 
 scis 
 
 •tea 
 
 |i' or 
 
 o-ht 
 i'i\t. 
 •hat 
 
 Ivi 
 
 Hi 
 
 Vl'ST 
 ) Of 
 
 tliri'c siil)iiiar,niiial and iivi' iiostciior cells alwaxs p'.sciit; 
 tir.st and I'oiirtii pdstcrior cflls and the anal cidl (ipni or • loscd. 
 The family Asilida* oi' lJolil)rr-tlics is oni' (d' tiir lar.ncst and 
 lii'st known anion;^ dijitcra. intdudin;^' nearly tliree tli'insand 
 s]>e(des. disti'ihuted anion;^^ aliont one Imndred ;ind tii'ty .genera. 
 Many of the speides arc coiispicuons fdi' their larL,M' si/e. the 
 hirj^^est inL'asnrin_ij ncaidy two iiudics in len,L;tli. while the small- 
 est known sjicidcs arc seldom los than a third of an in(di. 
 Tiioy arc the most jtrcdaecons of all flics in tludr hal)its. The 
 j^'roatcr jiart of them rest upon the ground, and fly up when 
 disturbed, with a ([ui(d< l»u/./in;^' sound to alii^ht a.u'ain a short 
 distance beyond. S(tme of the I/iplirinu' have a strikin;,;' 
 resemblance to lariie luunblc bees, and are usuallv observed 
 
 restin'": noon folia'-rc about the borders ol' bu'cst.- 
 
 All t 
 
 icir 
 
 food, which consists ^vholly of other insects, is caught upon 
 
 tl 
 
 le wiiii^f; their 
 
 Inckl 
 
 ess victims when once seized in 
 
 tl 
 
 leir 
 
 strouii: 
 
 fev't are ] 
 
 )OWerlcss to escape 
 
 Otl 
 
 ler 
 
 tl 
 
 H'S 
 
 am 
 
 Hymenojjteia arc usually their food, but Hyin^j licetlcs. es- 
 ])eeially the Cieindelida' ai'c often cauijjht and they arc kn<twn 
 to seize and (h'stroy larnc dra.i^on flies. In an instance that 
 the writer observed, a female seized a )»air of hei'own species, 
 and, thrustiui,' lier jiroboscis into the th(»vax of the male, cai-- 
 ried them botii (jff toLicther. 
 
 Tlie hirviu live (diiefly in rotten wood, under bark, or in soil 
 containing decomposing vegetable matter, under l(>avcs, etc. 
 and feed upon grubs and »ther larva'. The larva' arc cylin- 
 drical in sha})e, with parcnment-like skin, the al»doniinal seg- 
 ments st)nu'tinies girdled v.ith I'ounded tnbcr(des, or with 
 abdominal i)r()tuborances for locomotion. The pupie arc fi'cc, 
 with strong booklets at the ant<'rior end, and the alidomen is 
 provided with spiny girdles, mi.xcd with hairs al>ove and be- 
 low ; the last segment has two short divaricate booklets and 
 several smaller projections. 
 
 The young larva' sometimes bore their way completely 
 within the bodies of other lai'\ie, re)»'ainin'' there till their 
 
r,4 
 
 NOKTH AMKHICAN DIITKKA. 
 
 food is wholly fonsuiiuMl. Frequently the hirvie are i'ouiul 
 fr(M' in the earth, however, where their traiisforniation takes 
 place. The ej^j^s are laid about grass stems, or iu the crevices 
 ol' decay in*,' trees infested l)y larvij' of otlier insects. 
 
 TAHLH OK (JKNKUA. 
 
 1. Marjrin.'il cell of wiii^rs open. 
 
 .Miir<;iiial Cfll closed. ......... 
 
 '1. Tliinl joint of iuitcimii' with an ari.sta or ari.stiforni style; alxlonu'i 
 
 sit'ndrr; ])ulvilli wantinii. 
 
 I. E I'l o< i A sr K u iM i- i ji t'li . 
 
 Antttina'not with an arista; usuallv witli a thicki-ntd stvk-. 
 
 ;5. Antenna^ with a tiTniinal hristie. 
 Anti'iuia' not with a tiTniinal hristlc. 
 
 l).vsYro(if>N'iN.i;, 
 
 ASIMN.IC. 
 li.VrilKIX.K. 
 
 i)Asypo(;oNix.K 
 
 Front tihiu' not with a tcrniinai, ciaw-liiii' spur. 
 
 AlM.AlTl'S Loi'W, 
 
 1. Front tihi.i' with a terminal, daw-like spur. . . . . 2S 
 Front tihiu' not with a terminal, 
 
 2. I'ulvilli rudimentary or wanting 
 Pulvilli normal '•'> 
 
 ■5. Head narrow, about as high as broad ; face narrow above, broader and 
 swollen below, in large i)art covered with hair; large, elongate 
 
 species 4 
 
 Head very obviously broader than high (> 
 
 4. Antenna* with a terminal style o 
 
 Third joint of antenna- long, without style; fourth i)osterior cell closed 
 before the iiorder of the wing; black sj)eeies, with or without red on 
 
 the abdomen. 
 
 Osi'KiocKULS Loew. 
 
 5. Style about luilf the length of the third anteunal joint. 
 
 Sci.KROi'OGON Loew 
 Style about a sixth or an eighth of tlic length of the elongated third 
 
 ji)iiU. 
 
 STESOrOCiON Loew. 
 
 <). Fourth posterior cell closed before the border of the wing. . 7 
 
 Fourth i)osterior cell wide opi'ii, rarely nearly closed. . . . l-'J 
 
 7. Antenna' much elongate, appan'iitly com))osed of five joints. . 14 
 
 AiUenna' not longate, comjxised of three joints, without terminal 
 
 style. 
 
 H. Face bare, except on oral margin. 
 Face pilose or hairy, more convex. 
 
 10 
 
ASILID.K. 
 
 >>•> 
 
 0. Anterior iiitiTcaliirv vi'in cimtiiUKiiis or iirarlv so witli the t'oiirtli v 
 
 cm. 
 
 tile lust section of tlu- latter olilii|iie, cloriiiii- or niueli iiarrowini: tlie 
 
 liroail first posterior eili. 
 
 MnuosTYi.rM .Mae(|tiart. 
 
 Last section of tiii' fourtli vein eontiiuicuis witli the ])reei'(lino- section, 
 tile first i)()ster;or cell not closiii or narrowed (('intra! ami Soutli 
 
 America). 
 
 Ainiiii.i;sTK!s (Scliiiier) I.oe 
 
 10. AbilomcM cylindrical, not narrow at the tip, eloniratc ; near thi' ]iroxi- 
 mal mar<;in of the si'cond and thinl sei;:ments with a white-])ollin()se 
 
 i-maryinate cross-hand : winus dark. 
 
 I) 
 
 i/oNiAs Loew. 
 
 Alxlomen less elonj^ate, with five or six white-jiollinose (interriipti'd or 
 
 entire) cros.s-hands 
 
 U 
 
 11. Scutelluin with hristl 
 fourth posterior eel 
 
 veins at the outer ends of the discal and 
 
 j)aral 
 
 ( >|{Tii(»m:i ROM VIA Williston. 
 
 Scutellum without bristles ; veins at the ontiT ends of the iliscal and 
 
 fourth jxisterior cells not jtarallei 
 
 lli 
 
 \'2. l-'irst i)()sterior ctdl open, scarcely narrowed; face broad. 
 
 First jiosterior ctdl closed or much narrowed. 
 
 1-AIMIVSTIA LoiW. 
 
 Tkici-is Schiller. 
 
 l-'5. Antenna' elon,irate, composed (d' live joints; ni'arly bare sjn'cie 
 
 14 
 
 Antenna' less elon<i;ate or short, composeil of three joints with or with 
 
 out a short or sU'iidir stvie, 
 
 i; 
 
 II. First and second joints of tlu' antenna' (d' nearly i'(|ual len!.Mh, the third 
 elonsfate, the fourth short, fifth eloufjrate and densi'ly pubescent ; 
 
 third and fourth not lobed at ti|). 
 
 ('KUATiUfiis Wiedeinant 
 
 First joint about three times the leiiji'th of the si'cond, third elongate, 
 the fourth and fifth of nearly etiual K'Hirth; third anil fourth joints 
 at the tip with two lobes or processes, reachin;;- to about the middle 
 
 of tlie followinjr joint. 
 
 .Mvi; 
 
 .Ai'in s niuot. 
 
 1"). Style of antenna' short, thick, obtuse, not easily distinjrtiishable from 
 the third joint, or if so fornuii";- ajipareiit joints; antenna' more or 
 
 less elonjrate, 
 
 IC. 
 
 Terminal styli' small, more slendi-r than the joint, api)arent ; antei\na' 
 
 short 
 
 er. 
 
 IS 
 
 i:; 
 
 14 
 liinal 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1(5 Nearly bare s])ecies ; face flattened, bari', I'xcept below. Small or 
 rather small species, shininji or metallic black, with narrow or cylin- 
 
 drical abdomen and lar<re wii 
 
 ms. 
 
 1^ 
 
 II U- 
 
 Thickly ]»ilose species, the bristles )\'w and hair-like; antenna' s|»ri 
 'u\iX from a convexity, the facial ])ro(ile thence recediti;,'' to the facial 
 tubercle, which is situated ujion thi' lower i)art of the face; alxlo- 
 
 nu'ii short ; head narrow. 
 
 l)i( <>i,(»M s I,oew. 
 
r»() 
 
 NOUTII AMKinCAN DIP'l'KKA. 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 10. 
 
 All the tiliiii' iind tlif liiiid femora witli sliort, stroiii: seta-. 
 
 K<i iioiioi'A Loi'w. 
 Hind fi'iiiora witliont siicli sita'. Dumtkia Miiiitn. 
 
 Face ilistiiu'tly swdUcii in prolilc, jriMiosc 
 Faff tlattiMU'd or ycntlv convex. . 
 
 ■JO 
 
 20. 
 
 21 
 
 22. 
 
 2n. 
 
 24. 
 
 2o. 
 
 20. 
 27. 
 
 Tliickly i)ilo.>;e ^<pecies; tiie jiihhosity of tlie face readies to tlie base of 
 tlie antenna-; anal ceil nsually open. ('vitroi-ixioN Loew. 
 
 Thinly i)ilose, Jiiore jMillinose specii's, the convexity of the face eon- 
 fined to the lower \r.\vt ; anal cell usually closed. L.\sii>c()<i<)X Loew. 
 
 Ahdonien elonuute; front hroail anti-riorly, narrow hehiml. 
 
 I'l.KsioMMA Mac(iuart. 
 Front not narrowed liehind 21 
 
 Hind tibia' towaril the tipiind the hind metatarsi much thickened. 22 
 
 Hind tibia' not, or but slijihtly, thickened toward tiie tiji ; metatarsi not 
 
 thickened 2;; 
 
 Head much broader than high, transverse, "u^oirirle-like "; abdomen 
 short, win<is larjre. .... Hol» ch ei'IIai.a Jaennieke. 
 
 Head only moderately broader than hijih, not at all sjjectacle-like in 
 ap])earuiice. ....... Hoi.oi'ixiON Loew. 
 
 Abdomen with thick, recumbent jiile above; thickly ])ilose species*; 
 antenna' slender. ...... I'vcxoi'Ouon Loew. 
 
 Abdomen without such pile above 24 
 
 Slender, nearly bare sj)ecies ; face ])eri)endicular, straijrht or jiently 
 concave, narrowed above and bare, excej)! on oral nnirjiin. . '2o 
 
 Face fiently rounded, not jtrondnent below, in larj^e part hairy ami not 
 or but slijjflitly narrowed above. ...... 2(i 
 
 Thickly whitish pollinose; abdomen flattened, usually reflected up- 
 ward ; tidrd joint of antenna.' and the style both .slender. 
 
 SxicHOPOfiON Loew. 
 Less thickly pollinose; abdomen cylindrical, a little broatler at tlu' 
 base; third joint of antenna.' short and broad, the style minute. 
 
 See IlAiuioi'OGON himxeati'S AVill. 
 
 Larjre, elonjjate species, the style of antenna' short. Cam.inici :s Loew. 
 Moderately large, and not much elongate species. ... 27 
 
 Abdomen broailer at the base, dejiressed : thorax much convex above; 
 antenna' slender, the style long and slender (compare also sjjecies of 
 Cyrtojxjgon) HETEiun'OiiOX Loew. 
 
 Abdomen sliort. cylindrical; black, with bright golden opaque pollin- 
 ose markings on tiiorux and abdcmien. 
 
 See LArAKiTs i'ictitahsus Higot. 
 
Asir,ii).K. 
 
 • •i 
 
 '■i^^. V:icv hare with Kristlfs on tin- oral 
 
 •■avf, the oral iiiarj,nii most promiiuiit. 
 
 maryiri, in profile straiiilit 
 
 act' coiivi'X Ik-Iow, tli 
 iTi'd with hair, 
 
 I' oral iiiar-iin nut prominent, more or I 
 
 or con- 
 
 i'ss cov 
 
 20. Fourth posterior eell closed 
 of the wiiij,'. 
 
 ii consi(leral)le ilistance ln-|'ore tl 
 
 Fourth posterior cell open or closed in tl 
 
 ;!l). Hind i)ulvilli much shorter than tli 
 
 H' marj;in 
 
 oil 
 
 ic niarfi:in. S akai-cjov Lo,.w. 
 
 tnicted t<.war.l the hase (Central and South A 
 
 c ontratiMJ claws; ahdon 
 
 leii con- 
 
 nierica). 
 
 Hind pulvilli n(.t much sln.rterthan the claws; al.d 
 
 toward tlie l)a> 
 
 11. Third joint of tl 
 
 Hm:imiai!i;imi M Kondani. 
 omen not contracted 
 Dkko.mvia riiilippi. 
 
 he antenna- more or less dilated the stvl 
 
 'hird 
 
 joint of antennjo slender, el 
 
 e very short. 
 Lksto.mvia Willisto',. 
 
 oimate 
 
 Head broad and flat, the f 
 
 ICC not ''1111)0 
 
 loose 
 
 ice convex, .len.sely covered with hair; thickly pilose sp 
 
 tral and South Aineric 
 
 ."i.'J. Ahdomen tincdy i)unctiilate 
 
 Ahdomen smooth, not putictiilate. 
 ;'.4. Mind tibia, at the tip and their tarsi thickened. 
 
 •cies (Cen- 
 Lastai i<( s Loew. 
 
 Tahacticis Loew. 
 
 Hind tibia' at the tip and their t 
 cell wide open (Mexico). 
 
 irs 
 
 i not thickened; fourth posterioi 
 
 Coj'ni;i!A Osten Sack 
 
 !.'). Fourth posterior cell wide open; abd 
 
 en. 
 
 broader beyond the niiddl 
 
 omen flattened, in the 9 a littk 
 
 c ; in the $ near the tip, the last t 
 
 nents of which are consjiicuouslv silverv al 
 
 wo seg- 
 
 )ove 
 
 Fourth posterior cell 
 {lilacodis preoc.) 
 
 Nkoci.ks Jaennicke. 
 narrowed ; abdomen of male not silverv above 
 
 LoK 
 
 wiKLLA, nom. nov 
 
 1. Front tibiio with a t 
 
 Front tibiit' without claw lik 
 
 LAl'UKIX.E. 
 
 crminal claw-like sj)ur. 
 
 e s 
 
 pur. 
 
 Hind tibia; thickened, club-like at the e.xt 
 
 ened and eIon<rate 
 
 Hind tibia' not clubbed ; hind metatarsi of the usual 
 
 and South America) 
 
 mnity; hind metatarsi thick- 
 
 structure (Central 
 
 Mkgai'oda Macquart. 
 
 rhorax projecting prominently in front over the hea.l (Central and 
 
 South America) 
 
 Tliora: 
 
 FsEL'Doui s Walker. 
 
 not projoclinfT prominently in front (Central and S. America). 
 
 DoRvcM .s .)aennicke 
 
58 
 
 NOUTII AMKIJICAN DIITKK'A. 
 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 
 V('in,« at tlic distal cud of tin- discal and fourtli posterior cells parallel 
 or coritimious in the same strai^Mit line. .....'> 
 
 Veins at the distal end of the diseal and fourth posterior cells not jt.ir- 
 alU'l or (•ontinuous, .,..-.... s 
 
 Tliird joint of the antenna* with a terminal style, in len<,'th greater 
 than the first two t(!;,'etlier ; eyi's not or hut very slitihtly emar^rinate 
 on the sides of tlie front, the front miidi wider ahove ; scutiilum 
 without bristles, or with hair-like ones (West Indies and S.America.) 
 
 Atoma Williston. 
 
 Tliird joint of antennse witliout terminal style r» 
 
 Tliird joint of the antennjp at least three times as lonix as the first tw<» 
 tojjether; larj^e species (Central and South America). 
 
 AriiKSTi.v Schiner. 
 
 'I'hird antennal joint less than twice the leiifith of the first two to- 
 ^H'ther 7 
 
 First joint of the antenniK about as lonj; as the third ; front much 
 widened altove, the eyes disciform and with enlarj^ed facets in front ; 
 scutellum with weak bristles ; body jiunctulate. Ceuotaixia Schiner. 
 
 Third joint of the antennae lonj^er than the first two to<j;etlier; eyes on 
 the sides of the front emar^inate, the front not widened above; .scu- 
 tellum with bristles; first posterior cell usually narrowed; body 
 l)unctulate Ato.mosia Schiner. 
 
 First posterior cell narrowed or closed. ..... it 
 
 First jiostertor cell wide open. . 11 
 
 Three submarfjinal cells present, i. e. the upper branch of the third 
 vein is connected with the second vein by a cross- vein. 
 
 PoGoNo.soMA T{ondani. 
 Two submar^inal cells. . 10 
 
 Ilind femora of nearly equal thickness throughout; antennie with a 
 distinct terminal style; very larf^e, robust, thickly jiilose species. 
 
 IIvi'KKKCiiiA Schiner. 
 
 Ilind femora thickened toward the end; antcnnie with- "it terminal 
 style; more elonfj^ate, less pilose species. . . Nisa Walker. 
 
 Thorax and abdomen nearly or quite bare; hind femora with spinous 
 tubercles below. ...... Lami'kia Macquart. 
 
 Thorax and abdomen pilose; lar<rer species usually. ... 12 
 
 Densely pilose si)ecies; the abdomen short, broad, usually broader 
 
 beyon<l the middle; proboscis thick. . . Dasvlms Loew. 
 
 Less pilose, more eloufjate species ; jirobo.scis more elonfjate and slender. 
 
 liAiMiiiiA Meificn. 
 
ASII.ID.K, 
 
 r>\\ 
 
 I. Bristle of ant 
 
 asimnm:. 
 
 IJristl 
 
 t'luia' iilutiiosi-, 
 
 ».' not IlllllllDSl'. 
 
 1'. 'riu- veins closirijr tlie .liscal an. I fmirtli 
 
 "MMATM S Willi 
 
 eniann. 
 
 Tl 
 
 straiK)it line or parallel (Central. S, A 
 
 le V 
 
 I'iiis closin-r the discal ami foiirtl 
 
 posterinr cells in the sanu 
 nierica). Athactia .Mae(|nart. 
 
 Tl 
 
 1 l)i).'teri()r cells not jiarallel. 
 
 Tl 
 
 10 posterior branch of the third 
 
 iK'fore the tip of the \vinJ,^ 
 
 u- posterior branch of tlii' third 
 
 win"-. 
 
 veil curves forward to meet the /-ost; 
 
 4 
 
 vein terminates I.evond the tip of th. 
 
 4. Oviduct cylindrical, witl 
 
 1 a terminal circlet of spine 
 
 'I 
 
 iduct laterally flattened, without 
 
 I'lux TACANTiirs Macquart. 
 
 >. 1 \v(» suhmarfrina! cells (Asilus 
 
 circlet of spines. Kkax Mj, 
 
 c(|uart. 
 
 Tl 
 
 iree suhmaruinal cells 
 
 sens. lat). 
 
 ti. Ahdo 
 
 men shorter than the winj^s; ho,ly thickly ,,iIose. .laws ol 
 
 )tuse 
 
 Abdomen 
 
 lorifrer than the uinffs; body thinlv pilo.se. 1 
 
 MAi.t.oi-iioijA .Mac(|uart. 
 
 7. Oviduct laterally compres.sed. 
 Oviduct conical. 
 
 ><. Face without fiil)l)ositv. n 
 
 'UO.MACIHJS Ia'VW. 
 
 inysta.v composed of a few lon<r I 
 
 arrow throui^'hout, not at all 
 
 carinate, the 
 
 Face with ^nl)bositv, or not 
 
 lairs 
 
 Sti;noi'|{<)s<)i-ls I 
 
 oew 
 
 n. Fiid lamella> of the oviduct wedded 
 
 (•annate or unusual I v nam 
 
 )W 
 
 Knd lameihi' free, stvle-liki 
 
 in. 
 
 Ku 
 
 Toi.Mi s r.( 
 
 K'W. 
 
 10. 1 
 
 'osterior border of the last 
 
 10 
 
 wirlen 
 
 c'd 
 
 ventral set.rment in the $ more or ]> 
 
 Posterior border (^) not widened. 
 11. Lefrs prevailiufT shiniufr yellow in color. 
 
 I 
 
 e^'s prevailinjjT black, or lij,Hit and 
 12. Abdomen shinin-r black above and 1 
 
 ojiaque ctdored. 
 
 .Machimls L( ew. 
 11 
 Hemo.moximua Hifrot. 
 12 
 
 Abdomen not si 
 
 )elow, 
 
 liuiiij,'- above and below, 
 
 Stim'no(.astkr r. 
 
 oew, 
 
 l-'X Male jrenitalia club-likt 
 
 Mai 
 
 I- ^H'nitalia not club-like; the si.xth and seventl 
 I>art in the formation of the oviduct. 
 
 )e\v. 
 
 Nkoita.ml's L( 
 I Mi,Miients take no 
 
 14, Abdominal 
 
 se<,Mnents with l)ristles before tl 
 
 «)i..Mi;i{is. 
 
 K incisures. 
 
 Abd.miinal segments without bristles bef 
 
 I'liir.oDicrs L( 
 
 M'W, 
 
 1-'). Brifrlit colored large spt 
 Small, ash-gray spec.-iei 
 
 ore the incisure: 
 
 eies. 
 
 AsiLi s Linne 
 HiiAi>ii'i((;i s Loew. 
 
r.ii 
 
 Nnirrn amkkican dutkha. 
 
 IS. ArioCKKID.K. 
 
 Katlicr hir.^n-. cloiiiLjatc, clia'toplioroiis, tliijily pilosr tlifs. 
 Antcjiiiii' with a siniplt', .-"liort style l''i(»iit not cxcavattMl. 
 hroadcr ill tilt' I'l'iiialc. Ocelli im'sciit. Face short. Probos- 
 cis with jiscudo-traclicatc lalx'lla. Third loiii^itndiiial vein (»!' 
 the wing usually lurcatc; basal c»dls larijc : live jiostciior cells 
 present. Kiiijiodia wantin^r. Male forceps enlarLfed. 
 
 Less than a dozen species of this family are known throuj^li- 
 out the world, six of which have been described from North 
 America. The Hies have much the apix'arance of larLfe The- 
 revids or Asilids. from which thev will be at once distin-'uish- 
 ed by the anterior cnrvatun? of the outer veins of the win,^^s. 
 Tlu! larvie are wholly unknown. For a discussion of the rcda- 
 tionships of the family, as also a bibliograj)hical list, see 
 Kansas University (Quarterly i, 101. 
 
 TABLE OF GK\H1{A. 
 
 1. Piili*! t\v()-jointc(l, liirjie; the second vrin from the discal vein tcriiii- 
 
 imtes lu'vontl the tij) of the will},'. . Aimockua Westwooii. 
 
 Palpi oiic'-jointoi], siiiiill; tlic second vein from tiie diseal cell tiTiiiiiiatcs 
 
 before the tip of the wint^. ....... '2 
 
 2. Anal cell closed. 
 Anal cell open. 
 
 UiiAiMiOMiDAS Osten Sacketi. 
 Ai'oMiOAS ("oquilU'tt. 
 
 1<). NEMISTRINIIXE. 
 
 Species of moderate size, not elonjj;ate, thinly or densely 
 pilose. Xeuration eomj)licated, the fourth and fifth veins are 
 curved forward to terminate before the tip of tlie winij, the 
 anterior cross-vein is obsolete, that is the third and fourth 
 veins coalesce for a short distance ; basal (iells long. Antenna' 
 small, short; third joint simple, wnth a terminal, slender, 
 jointed style. I'roboscis sometimes elongate. Ovipositor of 
 the female elongate, often slender. Tibiie without spurs ; 
 
NKMISTIJINID.K. 
 
 ♦;i 
 
 ('mjiitdia dcvfldiMMl {(uhillitorui. l.iit. witlitlic iiiihilli ntti'U 
 minute. 
 
 'I'hfoii^flinut the world iiltout mie Imiitlrt'd s]»t'('ir'S (if this 
 t'aiiiily arc kiKiwn, tin* lari,'t'r part n\' whidi arc trum South 
 Aiiicrica and Australia. ()nly six sjiccics arc known Irnin 
 North America and two or thicc from all Kurojic. Sonic of 
 the .species have the win,>;s with numerous cross-veins, almost 
 r«'cticulate in api^'arancc. Miij'ixtnrliiinrhiis /i>/ii/ir<>sfn's from 
 Africa, though only about two-tliirds of an incii in lenuth has 
 a proboscis nearly three inches Ioult. The flies are Mower 
 flies. rcscmblin'-T in their hal)iis the Uombvliida". 
 
 lUit little is kn(»wn of the larva-. The fcmiilcs of // 
 
 inilnll- 
 
 I'lii'd ohsriii'ii have liecn obscrveil layinj^ tlicir cLj!L,fs deeply 
 within the burrows of Jiif/ia.ria. a wood-l»orin,i,' insect, in the 
 pine rails of t'enc»'s. The c^-^s were found in clusters and the 
 vouu"' larva' hatched Irom them differed verv sini,Mdarlv from 
 those of a nu)re mature sj^rowth. They are more slender, Itut 
 differ chiefly in haviu.i; each of the abdominal segments from 
 the sixth to tho twelfth juovidcd with a ])air (»f false legs 
 beariuir a siu'de elouLrate seta at the tin. the hooks iiointinir 
 
 backward; on the thirteenth segment there are two ]>airs of 
 similar seta', the hooks of which, however, point forwards, 
 thus enabling the larva to attaidi itself tirmlv and raise itself 
 
 erect. 
 
 Tl 
 
 u'se voun 
 
 «' larva' issued in ''reat innnbers from the 
 
 burrows in which they wt're hatidu'd and. {)lacing themselves 
 erect, were blown away by the wind. I fere for a time they 
 liave not been followed, but it is probable that they atta(di 
 themselves by the aid of the ventral hooks to the bodies of 
 large-sized beetles, by whicdi they are carried into the ground 
 when the female enters to deposit her eggs. This is probable 
 from the fact that hnndreds of pu[);t' and jmpa skins were 
 observi'd near the fence. On searching below these the larval 
 skins were found at a dejith of about two inches and still 
 dee})er were found the renuiins of the beetles, lihizotvoipis 
 xnUtlt'iiiliH, in some instances with the larva' vet within them. 
 
iVJ 
 
 «; 
 
 XOirni AMKKICAX DIITKHA. 
 
 TAIiLE OF GKNKKA. 
 
 1. Proboscis sliort, protniiliiij,' but little from tlic oral opcnini:; i-ycs bari' 
 or i)ilosi'; two or tliri'c subiiiar^iinal cells. HiUMONKiitA Meijieii. 
 
 Proboscis loiijf, directed backwards; aiiteiiiia- Itroadly separated; eyes 
 Imre ; ovipositor of the 9 L'omp**^*^'"' "' ^^^'* "^It'iider lamella'; three 
 sultmar^iiial cells present. KiiYNciiocKi'iiAi.rs Fischer. 
 
 20. mydaid.t:. 
 
 Rather lariic tf) vei-y large, tliinly elotlied or bare, elongate 
 tlies. Xouratiou eoniplieated, the basal cells long; tlie fourth 
 vein always terminating at or liefore the tij) of tlie wing. 
 Antennie elongate, the third joint flattened, witii a terminal 
 lamella. Front exeavated between the eyes, (h-elli wanting. 
 Proboscis short, with Heshy labella and without palpi (in otir 
 species). Empodia very little devidojted, not pulvilliform. 
 
 The family Mydaidje comprises only about one hundred 
 known species, but anujng them are the largest of the order, 
 a few measuring two inches in length and rivaled only by the 
 Acanthomeridie among the other families of diptera. Tlie 
 larvie of species of Mi/i/as live in decaying wood, and it is 
 probable that all the members of the family have similar 
 habits. They are known to be predaci'ous in some cases njjon 
 the larvje of beetles. The larvie of J/i fuJripes are nearly 
 two inches in lengtli, with swellings below the abdominal seg- 
 ments for locomotion ; the body is de]»ressed and somewhat 
 widened, with tlie posterior extremity broader and obtuse. 
 The ])upa of M. r/arofiis has as its anterior end two strong, 
 sharp, outwardly curved hooks ; the first abdominal segment 
 has, on its anterior border above, a row of very long, erect 
 spines curved backward at the tip. Another series of spines 
 is situated on t\w anterior border of the last segment, and, on 
 the same segment thei'c is a pair of hooks at the tip curved 
 downward. 
 
MVDAir .:. 
 
 »;;; 
 
 TA15LK OF GKNKUA. 
 
 1. Tcnninal si"<r„u.„t ..f tin- 9 alxloiMcn with a rircirt of spines. 2 
 Terminal sejjnu-nt witliont cirfie of spiius.* . Mvoas Fahricins^ 
 
 2. A small cross-vein runs into tl.e liin.l maruin of tlie win^r l.^ween tlie 
 
 unal eeil ami tlie tip; liimi til.ia' of 9 with spurs. 
 
 KcTvi'iii s Gerstaeeker. 
 No sueh small cross-vein; hind til.ia' of 9 without spurs at the tip. 
 
 Livi'TOMVDAs (lerstaeekir. 
 
 21. HOMKYLIIIXE. 
 
 Medium .sizod to small Hies; oi'tcii with almndiuit, hnv^, del- 
 icate pile. Head a.s broad or narrower than the tliorax,"oiteii 
 spherical in shape, (dosely apj.lied to the thorax. Eyes larov, 
 often eonti<(uous above in the $ and rarely also in the "9' 
 
 joint 
 isiinct and sometimes 
 
 Antennte porrect, usually of but moderate len.iL^tli ; third 
 simjde; style usually small and ind 
 Avholly wantiu!.;-. Ocelli present. ]*rol 
 ing from the oral eavitv. and slend 
 
 at other times short, with broad labella. Al)d 
 of from six to eight segments, slender in a fe 
 
 )0scis usually projeet- 
 er; sometimes elonirate: 
 
 .omen composed 
 
 w L'enera on 
 
 Legs mod(n-ately long, weak, witii s.iort, weak bristl 
 spines. Tulvilli scmietinu^s rudimentary, th 
 always so, the tarsi and claws small. Te<--ul 
 
 es or 
 
 often with dark markings; tw 
 fo 
 
 e empodia almost 
 
 ;e snuill. Wings 
 
 o or more sul)marginal, three or 
 
 ir posterior cells present; discal cell present in all our 
 genera; anal cell closed in or near tlie border of the wing, or 
 narrowly open. 
 
 The family Bombyliidje comprises about hiteen huiulred 
 
 known species. Afost of tl 
 
 lem are swi 
 
 ft ay 
 
 ing insects, often 
 
 * "Generis /'>/>,/,/,; proximum, ditTert: antennis ehmjratis, se^mento pe- 
 •Hiltimo eylin.lrieo, ultimo, 9, eireiter .luplo l.mKiore, eon.presso, hasi 
 parum dilatato, apiee ol.tuse acuminate 9,duplo l)reviore, ohtusiore. al.do- 
 ininis sejrmento ultimo inermi, cyathifonni, utrinciue, j.arum dilatato. 
 Louff. e-Jo mm. undiiiue iiiKer, ahdomine nitente, alls violaceo micanti- 
 hiis, extremoapice ali)idis— I', phylloeeriis, Kocky Mts." 
 
 I'm I.I.O.MIDAS Hiirot. 
 
(M 
 
 NOirril AMKKICAX 1)IITKI{A. 
 
 hdvcriiiiLj motionless in tli" air lor a tiiac and dartint; away 
 like a Hash. Tlu-y seek sunny places in woodland I'oads. 
 about blossoms oi- on rank ve^'etation. The Anthiacinu' ai'e 
 a L,M'ouj) esjK'cialiy characteristic of ai'id regions. Inj^'cneral 
 the members of tlie family are prettify and delicately markc .1, 
 and their life histories ai'e often very interestin<jf. In the 
 adult state they are Hower files, fetding ujxm the pollen and 
 iioiu'v deeit within the blossoms, extracted bv aid of their Ioiili- 
 ])roboscis. The larva' of species of AjilitilKiKtus and Si/sfirc/itts, 
 occurring in western America, are found in the egg-pods of 
 the locust, ('(i/i)/)f('iiiis spi'ctiis. ••Tlu' larva' begin to trans- 
 form themselves into tiie pupa state early in the summer, and 
 the ))Upa ])ushes itscdf half way out of the grouml in order to 
 dis(dose the tiy. 'iicy contimie to issue during tlie summer 
 months. As a rule but one year is n'([uired for full develoji- 
 nu'ut. Aplxebantus is first observed as a yellowish white 
 grub, about half an inch long when extended, it being usually 
 curved so that the head and tail nearlv nuH't. It is usually 
 fouiul in a case of locust eggs which it has devmired, pushing 
 the empty shells aside, and at last occupying the space whei-e 
 were twenty-one to thirty-six eggs. Often it is found in a 
 littler si)ace below a number of egg-cases, as though it had 
 feasted off the contents of several nests" (Kiley). The larva- 
 of Anthrax have been found parasitic upon Mi'f/oc/n'/r, Osniin, 
 (h/i/ni'i'iis, MtntH'sfni, Xnrttttt and ^li/mfis ; those of Aiyi/rti- 
 mirfxi upon Prlopaiis, Mft/fir/ii/c, CeiiionKS, Osiiiin and ('tt/lcn- 
 (/nuKf \ those of /loftiiti/Zlits \i\Hm AikIi'i'iki and ('ollctcs : those 
 of Toj-opJiDi'd u[)(»n /'Jiniii'iH's ; those of i'allostoiiKi in the egg- 
 cases of Ca/itjttniii.s Ifatird"^ those of Si/sfro/tus \\\Hn\ Liitia- 
 nx/rs, etc. 
 
 I'AHLH OK (iKNKIJA. 
 
 The bifurcation of the socorui ami tliinl vi'ins taki's place opposite or 
 m-ariy oit|)ositi' tlie anterior ero.ss-veiii, the tiistaiiee n(»t ixeee(nn}^ 
 the lenji'tli of tlie eross-vein; the second vi'in forms a knee at its 
 origin, the tliinl vi'iii in a straijiht line with the pret'iu'ca. . - 
 
r.OMP.YLIIDvE. 
 
 <;r> 
 
 The l.iriircniici. .f tlic s».c(.n.l aii.l tl.ir.l veins ti.kis |.l:icc at a -ivatir 
 
 (listaiici- t'nii i ilu- (.Toss-vciii. iisiiallv at an aciitf aimlc. . I;; 
 
 2. A.iU.ni.al style .hstinct. that is it is scparatvl fn.ni tlu' tliinl joint ..r 
 
 tn.in tin. styiilorni i)n.i()n,uati(.ii ..f ilie J,,int I.y ji .iisiinct suture. :! 
 
 Tlie thin! joint lu.t witli a .listii.et style separated I.y a suture, tlie stvie 
 
 when present very minute. ... " s 
 
 ■-'. Antenna! style with a pencil of iiairs at the tip; pul villi (H.^tinet ; front 
 tihiae with bristles. ..... i 
 
 Antennal style not terminating in a pencil of hairs; three or four suh- 
 martiinal cells jiresent. 
 
 \. Outer sul.mar-inal cell l,ise<.te.l I.y a (•ross-vein {S/,n.,„sl, , hun (UhiuU- 
 
 Ictt non .Macquart) t o-.. lu.Krn.v, nov. 
 
 Outer suhmar-inal cell not l.i.secte.l l,y a cross-vein, the anterior hranch 
 of tile third vein sometimes connected with tlu- second l.v a cross- 
 vein (ArKyramu'lm Schiner). . . vSi.o(;..siv,., m .Mac.iuart. 
 h. I'ulvilli distinct. . . \ r ■. ...<.... f n , 
 
 • • • • • i\M)KI(HI.V ( 0(JUllU'tt. 
 
 I'ulvilli rudimentarv or wantiri"- ,. 
 
 *• ^^ ••••... I) 
 
 <i. The outer sul.maruinal cell divided l.y a cross-vein, makin- four sul.- 
 
 , '""•■-'"'^' '^^^"'^ Hvi...;.<.vi.,.N,A IJondani. 
 
 Ihe outer suhmar-iinal cell not divided l.y a cross-vi^in. . 7 
 
 7. First posterior cell bisected near its middle l.y :i cr(..ss-vein. 
 
 I'-^oi'TAT.v ('o(|uillett. 
 I'lrst posterior cell not bisected ; i.o.sterior claws with a basal tooth. 
 
 K.\(»i-i!()S(.i"A .Mac(iuart. 
 
 K l\ves (.f male C(.nti.v:uous at the vi'rte.x; anal cell (dosed. 
 
 AsTKoi'iiANKs Osti'ii Saidvcn. 
 \vcs of nuile not contiiiuous at the vertex; anal cell open. . . •) 
 
 0. Ansil cell widest at its middle i() 
 
 Anal cell widest at the margin MANc.ACo.iuillett. 
 
 10. The .sec<.nd vein stn.njily contorte.I at the end in the shape (.f a recum- 
 
 bent letter S ; three submarfiinal cells j. resent. 
 
 Dii'Ai.TA Osteii r'ltki.n. 
 Ihe second vein not sironjily contorted at the eml. . . .11 
 
 11. Three submarginal cells normally iresent; proboscis eloti-ate. 
 
 f^roNv.x Osten Sacki'ti. 
 
 I wo siibmarjjinal cells normally j.resent i^' 
 
 1-'. The contact (.f the discal cell with the third i..,,teri(.r n..t much l-.n^er 
 tlian its contact with tlie fourth p(.^teri(.r; i.rob(.,scis Ion-' ; si.les ..f 
 the abdomen with fringe of .scales and not with hairs (.nly. 
 
 Lki'Ii.antiikax Osti'U Sacken. 
 
(k; 
 
 Noirril AMKHICAN DirTKUA. 
 
 Till' contact of tlic discal ci'll witli tlu> tliinl ]iostt'rior at least twice as 
 Iniif,' as its contact witli tlie fourth posterior, the hitter contact often 
 
 A.NTllUAX Scojioli. 
 
 merely jiunctilorni. ..... 
 
 l-"!. Wintrs with thri'c jiosterior cells. ..... 
 
 Willis with four posterior cells. ...... 
 
 14. Kirst posterior cell closed. ....... 
 
 First p()steri<tr cell open. ....... 
 
 1"). Three suhTuarjfinal cells ])reseiit. ..... 
 
 Two suhniarfrinal cells. ....... 
 
 ITi. Ileail hroailer than the thorax ; posteri)r orhits not excised. 
 
 II 
 
 rANTAiciii:s Ostiii Sackeii. 
 
 Mead narrower than the thorax ; posterior orhits iwcised. 
 
 Titii'i.A .IS Loe 
 
 L'l 
 
 17. First hasal cell lonjicr than the secMnd. ..... 
 
 First hasal cell not loii^icr than the second .... 
 
 IS. I'rohoscis very short, not jirotrndinn hi'voiid the oral iuar.Lrin ; anal ctll 
 
 usually closed ; lariic species (('en. America). Amsota.mia Macquart. 
 
 Frolmscis more or less eloDirate ; anal ci-ll open. . . . Ill 
 
 10. Fir.-t ])osteri()r cell closi'd at some distanci- from the Imrder of the 
 
 v.iim'. 
 
 L'(t 
 
 First posterior cell mirrowed, or closed in or near the maruin of the 
 
 the win^ ; snnill species (.V(> mm.) 
 
 'I'll 1,1 1'socASTKK Hondani. 
 
 20. Ili'ad com])aratively small ; the emarfiination of the occijia! orhits al- 
 
 most imiterceptihle, 
 
 lioMHvi.ii s Liiiiie 
 
 Head hroad ; emar^nnation of the occipital orhit.s distinct. 
 
 !1. Faci' thickly clothed with pile. 
 Face sparsely clothed with jiile 
 
 IIktkhostvi.u.m Mac(|uart. 
 
 Anastikciii s Osten Sackeii. 
 SvsT<i:<iirs Loew. 
 
 0'> 
 
 '):! 
 
 Two suhmariiinal cells present. . 
 
 three suhmarginal cells present. 
 
 15are s])ocies; tibiii' without hristies. 
 
 -More or. less pilose sjiecies; til)iii' with hristh'i 
 
 AMriiicosMis Cofiuilh'tt. 
 
 II. Antenna' as loiifi as till' he!i<(, the third Joint not lonticr than the first 
 two tof,^'ther. .......... 2'i 
 
 Antenna' shorter than the head, the third Joint twice as Ion;;- as the first 
 
 two tojjether 
 
 ;"». First antemial Joint not thickeiu'd. 
 
 'irst antennal Joint extraordinarily tliickeiu'il. 
 
 Fi.\i;i'A( Mil's ('(xjuillett. 
 I'l.oAS Latri'illc. 
 
 liti. "Scutellum deeply sulcate lon<;itudinally ". (iK.minakia Cotiuilh'tt. 
 
 Scutelliim convex, not sulcattv 
 
 LoiiDDTi s I.oew. 
 
RoMliVLIID.K. 
 
 r.: 
 
 -T. Anal vvl\ open. 
 
 Anal cell cliiscd. 
 28. l'r.)l)()Sfi>< sliort. 
 
 I'roli 
 
 osc'is I'lonyatt 
 
 < >Ntoi.<»rKi{A .Ma((|uart. 
 
 20. 'I'liinl joint of tilt' antiTiiia. with lotiy l.ii.stiv li 
 
 Third 
 
 lirs ; faci' with lonir hair. 
 \<i!K()Tui( HI s .Ma((|uart. 
 
 joint of till' antt-nnu" without or with .>.liort l.ri.stiv 1 
 ")arc' or .shortly pilose. 
 
 f!' c 1 
 
 !(>. Body clotlu'd with iii 
 
 lair.x a I 
 
 lltOV*' 
 
 I'lmiiun .M 
 
 fmcn. 
 
 first 
 
 ori' sfahs than hairs, urihi. 
 
 joint unusually lony. 
 
 <>si' ; antenna' lony;, the 
 
 Body elothed chieHv with h 
 
 I-i:i>!i>(>i'ii()i!.v Westwootl. 
 
 :iir, or else nearlv ha 
 
 re 
 
 !1. Rody more or le.s.s pilose; til.ia' usually 1 
 
 !1 
 
 Httdy hare; tihia' 1 
 
 iristiv, 
 
 tare or feehlv hri.^tlv 
 
 !2. Hoth hasal cells of etiual lermth 
 
 First hasal eell lonyer than ti 
 11 
 
 Si-.AKNoi'oin s I 
 
 oew. 
 
 le si'eoiKl 
 
 lird antennal joint l)ut little lonj-cr than the (1 
 male sonietinies rnuriaeate and the costa .leiitieulate. V 
 'I'hird joint of the antenna' more tli 
 
 rst ; niesonotum ui 
 <i.i.Mi s Loew, 
 
 >ous at the hase, 
 
 in twice the leiioth of the first, hul- 
 
 !t. Till' origin of the .second vein taki 
 
 A 
 
 the discal cell at 
 
 Th 
 
 an acute aiiule, 
 
 place hefore the proximal end of 
 
 origin (»f the secoml vein is Ixvoiid tl 
 
 ce 
 
 and 
 
 IS rectani>ular. 
 
 le pro.ximal end of the discal 
 
 l)i: 
 
 S.M.AT(»m;i |;a Willistoi 
 
 'I'll 
 
 Tl 
 
 in 
 
 1 antential joint scarcely lonucr than wide. I 
 
 !(). I 
 
 I'll 
 
 lird antennal joint much loiimr than wiih 
 K-e projectinj,'- in jtrofilo. 
 
 rcKssiA ('(Kiuillett. 
 
 ce retreatiim-. 
 
 Ocellar tuhercle situated near the hind (diiv of tl 
 cellar tuhercle situated near the middle of the f 
 
 () 
 
 Ant 
 
 Ki'ACMi sOsten Sacken 
 
 Al'll(i:i!AN Tl s J,oeW. 
 
 ic front. . . ;;,s 
 ront. 
 .Mi;ta( osMi .s ('o(|uil!ett. 
 
 en 
 
 iii'M'lonnate, third join! (lattened, the style flatt..ned and 
 
 posed (d' two distinct set-nieiits. 
 Antenna' not elonj-ated and with a distinct 1 
 
 con 
 
 l)i.sMAi<>\n lA U'illiston. 
 tisemiieiitateil stvle. 
 
 !!l Slender, elonuate sj 
 
 I 'a I! 
 
 AcosMis (>»teti Sack 
 
 )ecies. 
 
 Shorter, more thick-set 
 ■JO. Ki'Uiales holoptic like tl 
 
 en. 
 
 40 
 
 ^pecii's, the ahdomeii never cylindrical. \\ 
 
 le males; al.iloim.n ».nlarged at its c.viremitv. 
 
 S^sTU(.|■^■s Wieileinuiit 
 
 •enialcs dichoptic; abdomen cylindrical, not eiilari^ed at tl 
 
 le (■xtremity, 
 Doi.ii iioAn lA Wiiileniann. 
 
w 
 
 ^li 
 
 i 
 
 GS 
 
 NOirni AMEUICAX DIITEKA. 
 
 11. Tlini' sultni;ir<jinal cells. 
 Two suliiiiiir'Miial c"i'll.>;. 
 
 4-J 
 (Jkkon Mciijcn. 
 
 4"J. I5()(ly flotlicd with iiKirc scjiUs than hairs; aliiloiiicii (U-cimihcrit ; an- 
 
 ti'iiiui' loiij;:. To.xoi'iioKA -Nkijitii. 
 
 HdiIv cldtluMl cliiflly with hair; abiloiii'ii not (U'cunihcnt. 
 
 KllAI!I>01>Si;i,AI III .s I'iudt. 
 
 22. TIIEIlEVIIVi:. 
 
 Rather small or nuxlerate sized, eloni^ato, Ijristly, soiiietiiiies 
 ]»ilose, predaceoiis flies. Eyes of the male eoiiti.t,aious ; front 
 ill the female not excavated. Aiiteiiiiu' composed of three 
 joints, the third simple, with a terminal style, sometimes 
 wantiiiL;'. I'rohoscis ])rojectin,i;', the lahella bro;ul. Ocelli 
 I)resent. Abdomen elon^'ate ; genitalia moderately or hut lit- 
 tle prominent. Legs with bristles; emjjodia wanting. Third 
 longitnciinal vein of the wings furcate, the posterior braneh 
 terminating beyond the tip cf the wing; five posterior cells, 
 anal cell closed towarti the margin of the wing. 
 
 This family comj)rises only about two hundred known s])e- 
 cies, with but few genera broadly distributed over the world. 
 The flies resemble the Asiliche somewhat, and have habits 
 not dissimilar, though much less active. The proboscis has 
 fleshy labella, instead of the horny tij) of the Asilidte, and the 
 legs are less stout — in many species they are easily broken ofl' 
 when captured. Their food is chiefly other di})tera, for which 
 they lie in wait ui)on leaves and bushes, or upon the bare 
 ground. The larvte have a short, eyeless, nonretractile liead, 
 the anteniue small and short. The body is sleiuler and snake- 
 like, showing a])parently nineteen segments. Anterior spira- 
 cles situated at the end of the flrst segment behind the head ; 
 posterior s])iracles on the apparently seventeenth segment. 
 The larvie live in the earth and decom})osing wood, or in sand, 
 feeding upon other insects or upon vegetable matter, ordure, 
 etc. The pupie are free; they have in front laterally project- 
 ing siiinous j)oints. 
 
SC^KXOl'INID.i:. 
 
 (Ill 
 
 'I'AI5LK OF (JKNKKA. 
 
 1. First jiostiTior rvW I'litiri', not iiitiTSfcti'.l l.y a ((nxs-vciii. . . -2 
 '• First postiTiorci'll divido.l l.y a cross-Vfiii into two cells ; first antcnnal 
 
 joint unusually larj-v." . . . .MKr.vruitA.i.MA Cociuilli'tt. 
 
 2. Head much broader than lontr ;. 
 
 " Head not as broad as lon.u, vertical ilianieter ot" eyes e(|uaun,Lr their 
 
 horizontal diameter; first Joint ot' antenna- unusually larir,. and ]h>]- 
 
 '**''^'''" Ni:i!iMTLs ('(Miuillett. 
 
 ••;. 'I'hird joint of antenna' short, the first thickened. . TAitii.A Walker. 
 
 Third joint of antenna' as Um^r ,„• i„it little shorter than tlie usually 
 
 slender first joint "i 
 
 4. r ace bare or i)ubescent ]'sn.<)ci;|.,iAi.A Zetterstedt. 
 
 Face pilose. . . < 
 
 ' ■'••••.. 4 
 
 r.. Fourth posterior cell close.l Tmkukva Latrcille. 
 
 Fourth i)o,sterior cell oiK'U Diamnki ha Kondani. 
 
 2.S. SCENOl'IXnVE. 
 
 Flies of inotlerate or small size, black in color and bare. 
 Front not excavated; face bare, short and broad. Anteniue 
 approximated at the base, the iirst two joints short, tlie third 
 elongated, simple, without style or arista. Proboscis coneetd- 
 ed ; palpi cylindrical, bristly tit the tip. Ocelli present. Males 
 usually holoptic. Thorax nither lon<,', moderately convex, 
 
 ow position of the head, 
 spines or tubercles. Ab- 
 
 thou<.,di apparently nnich so from the 1 
 8cutellnm broad and short, without 
 
 domen fliittened, more or less elon«,Mtcd, composed of seven 
 segments. Teguhe small. Empoditi wanting. Third longi- 
 
 ong, the first 
 
 tudinal vein of the wing furcate ; basal cells 1 
 
 much longer than tlie second ; three posterior cells, the first 
 
 narrowed in, or closed before tl 
 
 le margin : anal cell closed. 
 
 ev 
 
 ai 
 
 The larvie resemble closely tiiose of the Therevida". Tli 
 e very long and slender, having apparently nineteen seg- 
 
 ments, due to each of the abdominal 
 
 being divided by a strong constrict 
 
 segments except the last 
 
 ion. The larva' liavt^ i)een 
 
70 
 
 xcnrni amkuicax DiiTKiiA. 
 
 found in decaying iungi and wood and under earpets or in 
 furniture, and are supposed to be carnivorous. The Hies are 
 not very activ(! in tlieir habits, and because of the fre(|ueney 
 with which they are observeil on winih>w-panes are usually 
 called window-tlies. 
 
 TAIJLK OF (JKNEIJA. 
 
 First postiTior ci'll iiiirrowi'd ; Icj^s nitliiT stout. Scknoimnis Latn-ilk . 
 
 First posterior cell ciosf,. lu'lon- the iiiar>;iii of the wiiij;-; ii-ifs sU'IkUt 
 
 (Mexico). ..... I'SKI DATKIrUIA Ostfll SiK'kcll. 
 
 24. A("K()('EK11),K. 
 
 Small to larin'c. nevei- elon|L!:ate. pilose or nearly bare Hies. 
 Head small or verv small. chieHv occupied bv the lar''e eves, 
 which are usually contiguous in both se.xes above (tr below, or 
 above and below the antenna'; two. three or no ocelli present; 
 antenna' composed of two or three joints, with or without a 
 terminal arista or style. Proboscis rudimentary or long, 
 sometinu's very long. Thorax large, sjiherical; teguhe very 
 large and iuHated; scutellum large, Abdonu'u closely united 
 to the thorax, large and iuHated. Legs rather stout ; the tarsi 
 with three membranous i)ads undt-r the claws. Neuration 
 variable, the veins sometimes weak and indistinct. 
 
 This family, the Acroceriche or Cyrtiihe, comprises a small 
 number of curious Hies with curious habits. They are easily 
 recognizable by their small head and large, iuHati'd t<'gula'. 
 No family characters can be drawn from the neuration, owing 
 to the great differences often existing between forms other- 
 wise related. In the lew forms in which the larva' are known 
 they are all parasitic ujion spiders or their cocoons. '• In 
 the spring of 1S.S7, while hunting for spiders, I found hanging 
 in cobwebs several soft white maggots and }»npa'. The webs 
 were generally old and out (d' repair, and a closer examinati(Ui 
 showed that tiuM-e no living sjjider was in them, but almost 
 
 every fine had an empty skin ol' a c( 
 
 nnnion sini 
 
 iler J 
 
 tn((iiv(th'nis 
 
AcnoCKHID.lv 
 
 71 
 
 ini- 
 
 s>/n-rs/ns. i.rurly full o,,,un. Tlu" skin ,.t tlu- ]v^^s mul tln.rax 
 wn. n,.t dran like u inoultrd skin. Imt dirtv an.I n,,a.,nc. as 
 tlxm-h cutrn (nit, and the skin ..r tli.. alxlcnm when pivsenl, 
 WHS torn and sl.riv.d.'d. From this I (.(,ncln<l..,l that the nia--- 
 Kots cam., ont ot tho sj.i,hM-s, an.I Ir.mi th.'ir si/.- mnst haN^- 
 iH'arly lilh.l them. The nia-.-ots vari.-d .•onsi,h.ral)lv in si/,- 
 th.. larg.^st h.dng a .inart.^r ..f an in.-h l.,n- whih- ..th.-rs w.mv 
 not mor.. tlian half as lar-.'. Th.' hin.h-r half .,f tlu- 1,.m1v was 
 tiiick.'r than th.' fr.mt half and n.-arly sph.M'i.'al. Thoy'lnm-r 
 lu'ad downwar.l, holdin- to th.- w.d, by th.dr jaws and w.mv 
 also partly snpp..rte.l l.y tlnvads nn.l.-r an.I an.nn.l th.nn "' 
 Tlu' auth.)r :)f the fore-oin- J. H. Emerton, reared fr.,ni ..th.M- 
 sp.'.-inuMis .d' these larva- a tiy l)el.,n.^M„>,. to the i,r,,nis Jrrormr 
 The larvje .,f Asf..,»r//a J/uHhlJi a.ror.lin- t.. F.ran.'r. are s.. 
 hulged in the alulomen of the spi.l.M- that th.. post.'ri.,r t.-r.... 
 nal stigmata are in relation with the Inn-.tnl.es .>f th.. spid,.,- 
 The .'ggs are said to be deposited .)n dri.'.l twi-s. 
 
 TAHLK OF GKNKUA. 
 
 1. Anti'MiiaMvitli a UTtiiiiial l.ri>*tlc 
 
 Aiitoiiiiiu without U-rniiiiiil hristli' or stvli'. . " . ' '., 
 
 2. Antfinne short, thinl joint roinui..,!, witli t.-rininal hristlv hairs '[\ 
 Anti'iuia' I'loiijiati' 
 
 n. Anti'iiriio inscrti'.l noar the nioiitli. 
 
 Antoniia. insortt-.l toward the viTtix. r 
 
 4. Wings with a stout .-..stal s,,ur near the tip of the auxiliary vin. 
 
 ,.r. . , I'tkijodontia (irav. 
 
 n nifrs without such spur; anal cell absiMit. 
 
 o. Proboscis rudinicntarv. . . (k-.^«,... i . n 
 
 ,,„, 1 • , ' ().N(oi)i;s Latrcillc. 
 
 1 rol.os,-,s cl.,n,uatc, .hrccti-d l,a<.kwanls ((',,,tral and South AMu.ri,.,,). 
 
 .. ,. .. , Piiii.oi'OTA Wii'dcniaiin. 
 «.. ^ cnat.on ..ompl.tc; ..yes pilose , ,,,„„,, (,„,,,, 
 
 \ cnatH.n n.orc .,r loss ohsolet..; oy..s hare. . . A.uockua .M..ioen. 
 .. I'rohoscis rudinientarv. 
 
 IVohoscis elonjiate ... ( 
 
 8. Eyes bare (Mexico). 
 
 Kyes pubescent, 
 n. Ocelli want 
 
 Ai'i'Ki.r.iA Hellardi. 
 
 O 
 
 .'n.i;a 
 
 Kri.l 
 
 iiiji'; lar<re flies. 
 Ocelli present ; moderately laruv fl 
 
 ison. 
 
 les. 
 
 . Lasia Wi.'deinann. 
 ;. i.oNciiA (iersta-cker. 
 
72 
 
 NORTH AMKIJIC'AX DIITKWA. 
 
 'jn. 
 
 LONCnol'TKKIJU-; 
 
 Small (2-4 iiiin.) slciidci', l)r(»\\iiisli oi- ycllowisli tlics. Aii- 
 tcima; short, porrcct ; third joint siiiiplc, circular in shajit'. 
 with a torniinal bristle. Ocelli present. Seiit"lluin with two 
 bristles, fjeifs long, lu'istly ; ))ulvilli very small: empoilia. 
 wanting. Wings lanci^t-like, pointed; the thi'e«' basal (^ells of 
 moderate size and of nearly erpial length ; fourth longitudinal 
 vein funtate and united with the fifth near the base ; first 
 longitudinal vein short, second and third not !'urcate ; the 
 anterior cross-vein lies near the base of the wing, in fi'ont of 
 the middle of the second basal cell and is oblicpie in })osition. 
 
 There is but one genus in this family, Loin'Inijifi'i'ii, the 
 members of which are found, often in abundance, in the grass 
 
 or 
 
 ^n 
 
 )on 
 
 stones alon<' the nuir<nns of shadv brooks. The lar- 
 
 vie are flat with long bristles on the iirst. second and last seg- 
 ments ; posterior sj)ira(des broadly separated on the last 
 segment, short and tubiUar. Head not differentiated, the 
 body comi»osed of ten segments, the last one api)arently com- 
 posed of two. I'upu^ enclosed in a i)uparium. orthorr!iai;h(ius. 
 
 20. EMPIDID.E. 
 
 Small to moderately large, (dongated. predaceous flies. 
 Head small, more or less SDherieal, not (doj.ely ajtjdied to the 
 thorax. Males hol()})tic or di(dio}tti(', the front never exca- 
 vated. Antennae porrect, approximated at the base, compose<l 
 of three simide joints, the iirst two of whi(di are often snudl : 
 third joint variable in sha}>e, with or without a terminal arista 
 or style. Face without mystax. Proboscis short or long, 
 projeeting forward, downward or backward, Octdli j)resent. 
 Abdomen composed of from five to seven segments, male gen- 
 italia prominent and of eom])lieated and variable structure ; 
 ovipositor projecting, pointed. Teguhe small. Legs oi'ten 
 with peculiar structural characters — the coxa' or femora elon- 
 gated, the femora thickened and with spines below, the meta- 
 
KMriDID.K 
 
 7.J 
 
 tars. tlartriu-I. ,4,..; pulvilli pn-s.-nt. tl,.- .Mni.o,li;, „su;.llv 
 J'K'inl.nina.MMMis aii.l lin.-ar. N.Mirati.m variaWIr: tlu- .liscal 
 •••■lls.mu-tiiiM.sal.s.-nt. tl,.. rliir.l l(.ii-it„,Ii„al v.-i„ tuivat.. ..,• 
 s.iii|,l,.; thuM' ..r iour ,„,st..ri..r .•.■lis pivs-nt : anal .tII ,,|trn 
 
 shorter than tl..' svmud l.asal .•.-11. .-l.-sr.! hri.-n- t hr niaruin .-f 
 
 tlic win.L,'*; s(jiiictiiii('s wholly wanting,'. 
 
 The fuiuily Kmi.i.li.la' is a h.i-v ui,,.. in.-Iu.lin- luaiiv '^mrr^t 
 
 and siM-ci,.s. Most Hirs lu-lon-in- h.Mv will lu- at ..n.'-c" 
 
 ni/i'd. l.ut tli.'rc arc some. csiuMMallv tl 
 
 Tachydromina', whicl 
 
 arc apt to lead the stndcnt asti 
 
 I'fCO'J'- 
 
 tl 
 
 )!■ anion-- tin- smaller Muscids. The tl 
 
 SI' of the suhlaniily 
 
 1 hiive snch pcculiai' nciiratioii that thev 
 
 ly : soiiit' may e\(Mi Ix- somdit 
 
 inu-li ohtainm- part of their I'oo.l at times fi 
 
 it's are all predaeeoiis. 
 
 Many sneeu'S. espeeiallv those of A 
 often fl 
 
 roiii flowers. 
 
 Ill 
 
 y in swarms, danein,^- up and down ov 
 
 />is and lUiiiiniiliDiiiii 
 
 III 
 
 rr ruiiniii'j' i)r( 
 
 in tlie shade of trees or ahoiit shrnl.hery. V.-ry raivlv d 
 speeies reatdi the len<,4li of ten mill 
 
 )OKS, 
 
 <» aiiv 
 
 more than three in leie'tli 
 
 mieters, and some are not 
 
 rhe larv;e are eylindri.-al. with small swellin^rs ,,n the under 
 
 side, from the niesotl 
 
 loraeic seunnents. for loeoiiiotioii. T 
 
 ire {)r()baltly carnivorous and live in th 
 
 lev 
 
 or othiM' deeavii 
 
 1'' earth, under leav 
 
 es 
 
 two pt)rreet points at the anteri 
 
 ig ve--etai)le matter. The pupa' are fn 
 
 with 
 
 or end 
 
 1. Anal cell closed In the \mx\\ 
 
 cllH'til'. 
 
 rAi'.M-: OF (;i;\Ki{.\. 
 
 cr or iiarrowlv (ipcii; hoilv witlioiit iiui 
 
 Anal ceil closed lu'forc the liordrr wl 
 Anal cell wantini^-; wlici 
 longer than their cox; 
 Anal ceil present; front t' 
 
 cro- 
 Hii.Ai;iMOi!i'iii\.i:. 
 
 uTi |)riscnt. 
 
 I present tlic front fcii 
 
 lora shorter or hut iitt 
 
 cniora much lon<:er than tlieir 
 
 .\<llVIH!OMI\.K. 
 
 coxii'. . ;; 
 
 * M.iifu 
 
 iii:il<',iy Jicnus of douhtful relationship, has the anal c. II 
 
 In //iiiirimiir/Ji(i it is closed in tl 
 
 other Knii)idid!L' in heiiiL;- d 
 
 le inarjiin. HotJi ocnera ah 
 
 lilTer 
 
 open. 
 tVoui 
 
 Schiller locate the latt 
 
 cstitute ot inacrocha'ta'. Osteii Sackeii and 
 
 •■<'I)teil, .\/,,f/n 
 
 cr fieniis ;iinoim- the Leptida-. if that 
 
 •iii/ZKi should prol»aI)l 
 
 view IS ac- 
 
 y accompany it. 
 
74 
 
 NOirni AMKHICAN DIITKIIA. 
 
 Posterior Imsal transverse vein, i. e. tlie vein wliicli limits tlie anal cell, 
 jiiinilk'l or nearly jiarallel witii the hind bonier of the winy. 
 
 Kmi'IKIn.i;. 
 Posterior hasal transverse vein not parallel with the himl bonier of the 
 
 winfi-. 
 
 I! VIIOTIN.1-:. 
 
 IIILAIMMOKl'HIN.K. 
 
 1. Secoml vein very short, terininatiii<f ii> tiie first; iliseal cell present. 
 
 .MvTilicoMViA C'oquillett. 
 The second vein terminates in the costa ; discal cell wantinj;. 
 
 IIii,AUiMoi:i>iiA Schiner. 
 
 HY]50TIX.i:. 
 
 1. Third lonyitiidinal vi'in furcate; first submarfxinal cell closed. 
 
 Iii.KriiAi!<>ri{ocn;si Loew. 
 Third lon{,ntudinal vein simple 2 
 
 2. Anal cell shorter than the second basal cell. ....*» 
 Anal cell as lonji or lonjier than the second basal cell. ... 4 
 
 o. Third antennal joint conical; l>ristle ternnnal. Lki'Toi'k/a Mac(iuart. 
 Third antennal joint ovate; bristle subdorsal. Ocvkuomia Mei<ien. 
 
 4. Orijiin of tlie second lonjjitudinal vein nearer the humeral than the an- 
 
 terior cross-vein ; wings usually spotted. . Svnkciies Walker. 
 Orifiin not nearer the humeral cross-vein ; winj^s not spotted. . o 
 
 5. Vein between the first and second basal cells indistinct. Svndvas Loew. 
 Vein between the first and second l)asul cells distinct. Hyi-.os I.teigeii. 
 
 KMPII)INM<: 
 
 1. Third longitudinal vein furcate, 
 Tliinl vein simjile. . 
 
 IJiiAMi'noMviA Meigen. 
 
 2. No discal cell. ..... 
 
 A discal cell present. .... 
 
 ;]. Proboscis distinctly longer than the head. 
 Proboscis not loimer than the head. 
 
 CvKTOMA Meigei 
 
 
 m 
 
 4. All the legs of nearly equal length; hind femora much thickened. 
 
 I'acuvmkkia Stephe 
 
 lis. 
 
 Hind legs longer than the others, their fi-moni but little or not at all 
 
 thickened 
 
 ''). Proboscis slender, directed backward or downward. 
 
 Kmi'IS Linne. 
 
 Proboscis tnoderatelv thickened, directed forward. 
 
 Itkai'iim.a Zetterstedt. 
 
KMI'IDII),!:. 
 
 I •» 
 
 <.. ^^'•''■■-v.'rvslM..^ apparently two-jointul,,IuMl.irW joint, .n.npr....,, 
 w..h a short. . hick. „,,ioi„,..l stvl... . Uou^.v... z.,LuU 
 A„„.n,.u. nut v.ry short. .listitK-tly ,h,w,ioi„,„.I ; th.nl join, avl or 
 I";>r .hapnl or s,,h..ri..al, with a tuo-joitm-l t.r.ninal Mvh- or 
 iirisiii'. . _ • 
 
 7. lTol.o..is as lon^ as th. h.a,!. v.-rti.-al ; anterior nutatarsi nsualiv thi.k- 
 iiumI 111 the 2 ■ ■ . .'""IK 
 
 u i>„ 1 • 1 lIlLAItA Alt'iifi'ii 
 
 S. 1 roUsns s orter t an the hea,l, horizontal; anterior n.etatar.i of the 
 6 not thiL'kfiied. . ,. .. 
 
 (ii.oMA Meiyen. 
 
 1. Tln'rd lon-ritiulinal vein f 
 
 clonuate. 
 
 TACllVDljd.MI.N.i;. 
 
 urcate; diseal cell jiresent; anterior 
 
 « oxa' niiieh 
 
 Third loiiiiitndinal 
 
 vein siini)Ie; diseal cell wantinjr. 
 
 Front femora iniudi thiekeiied 
 
 eell. 
 
 two posterior veins arise from the diseal 
 
 Front femora not mueli tliickeiied ; tl 
 
 Hkmkhodkomia .M 
 
 eitri'ii. 
 
 •lisea! eell. 
 
 ; three i)()sterior veins arise from tii 
 
 Anteii 
 
 na> witli a lonfj; terminal hristh 
 
 Antenna* with a short terminal 1 
 
 )ristie or stvle 
 
 Akim>i>tki£a Mae(|uart. 
 
 ■i. Sixth vein olisolete l.ef 
 
 •Sixth vein not obsolete bet 
 very sliort terminal stvk 
 
 )re reachin-i- the niart;iii. ( 
 
 •re reaehinfT the niarj,'in ; ant 
 
 r.i\(Ri:UA Mei' 
 
 ren. 
 
 o. Anal eell, or at least the posteri,.r basal 
 with a lon-r terminal l)ristle. 
 
 emia' with a 
 SVXAMPHOTERA Loew . 
 
 cross-vein, ftresent ; anteniiie 
 
 Anal cell wholly wantiiiff. 
 
 0. Front femora thickened. 
 Front femora not tliiekened. 
 
 <. Arista terminal. 
 Arista subdorsal. . 
 
 H- Arista terminal. 
 Arista dorsal. 
 
 T 
 
 Acin DKOMiA Mei 
 
 ucn. 
 
 TAcin I'KZA Meiyen. 
 
 I'ifONM TISCA Loew. 
 
 Dhai'Ktis Meitren. 
 
 ^. Proboscis short, 
 I'rolioscis slcnd 
 
 vertical; palpi broad. 
 
 er; 
 
 pal] 
 
 )i narrow, slender. 
 
 Srir.i'oN Loew. 
 
 I'llONKITISCA L 
 
 ()l\V 
 
1 1) 
 
 \(>]{TII AMKIMCAN DII'TKIJA. 
 
 l)OLI("I[()P()])II)J-: 
 
 IIV ritor. .1. M. AI.DKK II. 
 
 Small tlics. never excccdiii'^' 7 iinii. in Ifiij^tli. aliudsi always 
 <^n'(MMi in L;i'()un(l color, usnallv sliininj;'. more rarely dusted 
 with '^Viiy or hrown, soinetinies j)ure ycdlow cr almost. Itlack. 
 As a i'amilv tliev are distinijriiislied from their nearest allies 
 by the absence ol' the cross-vein between the discal and second 
 basal cells, these nniting to form a single cell. 
 
 Head about as with' as the thorax (iuu(di wider only in 
 rsilopinu'), usually a little wider than lii,L;h ; the face hare. 
 verv wide to verv narrow, or the eves ('(.nti'nious Ixdow tJie 
 antenna'; i'roiit i^'enerally widenin;^' rapiiUy above (in J>i(t- 
 plioi'Ks the eyes sometimes conti;-;"uous above), with bi'istles 
 
 on the vertex onlv 
 
 J 
 
 osterior orbit with a wi'll defined row 
 
 of shore, erect bi'istles (toward the mouth indistinct in llvdro 
 
 Heshv 
 
 J ' 
 
 short, 
 
 plioniue and some other i^cnera); jjrohoscis 
 
 retracted, rarely a little protruding-; antenna' thret^-join.ed, 
 
 inserted more or le 
 
 s al)ove 
 
 tl 
 
 u^ mu 
 
 Idle of the eves, the first 
 
 two joints never miudi elongated, the third commonly oval, 
 out in several genera lengthened; arista dorsal, subapical. or 
 completely ai)ical. Thorax higher and longer than wide, witii 
 regularly arranged bristles on the dorsum; in some genei-a a 
 well-marked flattened or concave area beb.re the scutellum. 
 Abdomen tapering, coidcal or a little compressed (i)i ////<//v/- 
 ji/ii>riis and Sci'llns sometimes pecidiarly small and retracte(l), 
 without iu)tict'al)le bristle.', in most genera ; the male hypo])y- 
 gium usually i)r()minent. varying greiitly in form, and in the 
 degree in whi(di it is concealed in the abdomen. Coxa' gen- 
 erally short, legs in most genera of medium length, sometiii.es 
 elongated, those of the male fretpiently developed into soi/" 
 ornanuMital structure; the front femora art' thickened in a lew 
 genera. Wings usnallv hvaline. vet often with dark mark- 
 ings, whi>'h may take the iV)rm of a deiinite patt;'rn. or may 
 folh.w tlie veins indistinetlv, oi' mav be evenlv dilVused; in 
 
Dnijciloi'nDiD.i:. 
 
 i < 
 
 soiiM- cases the inal.'s liave small siicw-wliin" spots iii tlu- tip 
 of the win- Anal crll always vrrv short. 
 
 This fainilv pcrhai-s surpasses any other natural -roup of 
 i'liinials in the variety of sexual oriiani.'nts possess.'.! l.v the 
 males. T.'-ese are para.l.-.l helor.- tlie females, as are similar 
 "n.aments in the ),eae.,ek ami turk.-y-.-o.'k. S.h' -Courtship 
 Amonn- the Flies". Am.'ri.-ai, Naturalist. .Jan. 'IM. p. ;;.->. 
 They may occur m alm..st any external j)ortion of the ho.lv. 
 In a careful examination of a lar-e numl.er of species. I have 
 iH'ver found any two in whi.-h they are i.l.Miti.-al. 1 am a.'- 
 (luainte.l with at least iifty diff.-rent iorms of tarsal m...lin.M- 
 tion al.)ne. everv oiu' of wl 
 
 N 
 
 Hch IS .iistllictive oi' it 
 
 s species. 
 
 evertiieless some sjK'cies seeui to off. 
 
 (liffereic-es Ix'vond t 
 
 le pres-nce oi th 
 
 '1' no tiotieealih' sexual 
 e liypopy-ium in the 
 
 male : even this is in s.iine (\i^, s hut little visilih 
 
 111 adult life all 
 
 are i)reda.'eous. eapturin- chieHv l! 
 
 minuter soft l.odied flies, which thev end 
 
 lalxdla. while extractinv tl 
 
 ose within their solt 
 
 ic jui.-es; the larv 
 
 known, feeders on decaxin- ve-.'tation 
 
 f are. as tar a> 
 
 The following- tahl 
 
 e IS (iesi-ue.l s(,lelv t 
 
 to determine the -enera .)i' tl 
 
 <) eiiaijh' he-inner: 
 
 fore indicat." anythin- al).)iit the natural ivj, 
 era to each other. It is based on mal 
 
 "'II' s] linens : it (h)es n.it. there- 
 
 d'ions of the -en- 
 
 otherwise it must hav.' included many ol 
 characters. 
 
 t' specimens only, since 
 scnre and dillicult 
 
 1. Foiirtli lonuitudiiml 
 
 TAHLK (»F (iKNMK'A. 
 
 vein with a wi.i.jy .liviTn-eiit t'lirk on the t'r.nit 
 
 i.'c wiijc, anil the f 
 
 er i( not, the hciiil wiiU-r tluiti tiie thorax, I' 
 ilcfpiy excavate.! (I'sijoiiiiue). 
 Fourth vein simple or iniTcly ]>rnkvu , front not excavated. 
 
 -III.'; 
 rout 
 
 Konrtli h)n<iitii(iina! 
 
 vein not forke.I. 
 
 Fourth h)nyitH(iinal vein t'.uki.i. 
 'I'eguhir cilia lihick. tliir.l l..imiiu.linal 
 
 scuti'lluni with lour larue 1; 
 
 Ai'ToiM 111 s Al.iri.li. 
 
 vein cni'vci ■>. iul\ iiai'k at tip, 
 
 nstif 
 
 'I'e.uular cilia |.ale, ihinl vein .listinclly ciu've.l forwar.i at tl 
 teliuni with two hirye an.i iisiiallv tw.. ^niall liristh 
 
 I'sii.oi'i "i Mcii 
 
 (11. 
 
 "I 
 
 I' IU>, »cu- 
 
7S 
 
 xoirni AMKiufwx diitkwa. 
 
 ■1. Faci' wide, front (Ifcjily cxcavatiMl. 
 Faci- narrow, front scari'olv I'xcavati'd. 
 
 (i.NA.Mi'Toi'sii.oi'i s Aldricli. 
 LKi'ToKiiEriir.M Aldricli. 
 
 r>. Koiirtli loniiituilinal vi-in bent forward, forniiiifi' an ajtii-al tros^ji-vciii : 
 l)()sttrior cTosfi-vi'in vitv obli(iiR', jiaralk'l to tin- niaryin of tlu' winu. 
 
 ri.AGioNKruus LofW. 
 I'osti'rior crossvi'in nearly transverse, usually no apical cross-vein. (I 
 
 (i. Hind metatarsi with lar^U' bristles above. ..... 7 
 
 Hind metatarsi without lar<;(' ])ristles above. ..... 8 
 
 7. Face in male reaching the lower corner of the eye. 
 
 1Iygi«»ci:i.i:utiii s Loew. 
 F^ice in the male not reachinii' the lower corner of the eye. 
 
 Doi.iciioiTs Latreille. 
 
 H. Ilypopyjriiim loiijj;, cxtendiiiL forward iiniler the ventiT. 
 IIypo<iy<,nnm short, n 
 
 9. Arista shortplumose, 
 
 <» 
 
 IIypo<iy<,nnm short, not extending forward under the venter. 
 
 Arista ]»ubesctiit or bare 
 
 U 
 
 10. Fourth veiti bi-yond the ])osterior cross-vein gradually convergent 
 
 toward the third. 
 
 l'i)Kcii.<»''vriii{i;s Mik. 
 
 Fourth vein shortly before the tip quite suddi'iiiy bi'iit toward the 
 
 third.* 
 
 n 
 
 11. IIyi)o])ygiuin pedunculate, slender, without long, braiu'hing appendages 
 
 I ' i; I, A s r< >N !•; i • u L' s I.c )e w . 
 IIyj)()pygiuni sessile, with long, Itranching ai)i)endages. 
 
 Mktapklastonkikus Aldrich. 
 
 12. Hefore the scutellum the posterior third of the thoracic dorsum is hol- 
 
 l:5 
 1(1 
 
 lowed out, or at least Hatteiied down to a jdane, 
 
 Before the scutellum convex a 
 
 s usual 
 
 l.">. Ilyixipygium ' ,.ig, jn-dunculated. 
 
 lIyi»oi)ygium short, sessile or nearly so. 
 
 14. Hristles of the thorax yelhtw. 
 Bristles black. 
 
 15. Color of bodv vellow, sometimes with a little black 
 
 14 
 
 ir, 
 
 \i'MANTOTi.Mi » Wheeler. 
 
 M KDKTKUi'S F'isdier. 
 
 Neiirkiona Rondani. 
 Color of liody chiefly metallic, sometimes dusted; legs very long. 
 
 Dactvi.omyia Aldricli. 
 
 * If witii a mar' ;m1 concavity toward the apex, see I'araclius, in wliicli 
 the jiubescence (n the arista is rather strong. 
 
l^OLICHOl'ODIDJ.:. 
 
 71 » 
 
 1»;. Til,, fac. .,f tlu. ,nal,. .xtci-Is hcUny tla- fv.s. hanuino- .l,nv„ IhT,.,-. tli. 
 
 iiioutli, aproii-liki'. I'.m vmi-,>,.v < i . c; i 
 
 , ' ■ • • ' <"-^ MKDON ( (stiri Sackcii. 
 
 llK" ian. <,f tlio male naclu.s as far .Icwii as tlu- Unsvr vib-v ,.f th," 
 
 eye. ..... '" _ 
 
 The face <.f tlR. niak. .Lu's net reael, s„ far as tlie lourr 'r.l-M.'ot tlu' 
 eve, 
 
 . IS 
 
 ]/. Tl.ini ai.tcnnal j..int cf tlir male r...li..u.nlarv, tlu- h.ntr arista with •, 
 
 ,f^"^^^^"'' ■ .MAr,.:..,.o.K,nsMik. 
 
 Antenna, of snnple strurl.nv. . . TArnvTKKcn, s Stanniws. 
 
 18. Thinl and fourth voins towar.I.s th.. tij. paraih'l or ncarlv so. 
 
 Third and fourth veins toward tlu- tii) d 
 
 10. First aiitennal joint l)are ahovc, th 
 
 J) distinctly convcr-icnt. 
 ird joint elon<;atf in tlu- niali 
 
 1!» 
 
 P'irst joint hairy above. 
 20. Till' last sefrnieiit of the foiirtl 
 
 ri;i.oi;<»ri;()i)Ks Wheeler. 
 
 iV.MNOl'TKIJM S I, 
 
 oi'W. 
 
 1 vein .uradnally ajjproaehiiij,' the third. 
 
 Last 
 
 Hi: II 
 
 seufinen 
 
 <'<>ST()Mi;s I 
 
 oew. 
 
 t near the ini<ldle abruptly eurvin.ur forward, then orad- 
 
 ually resuiniiiii- Its former course, iiiak 
 
 concavity outward.s, and eiidii 
 
 ini: a scLrmeiit of a circle, th 
 
 lii' near the third veil 
 
 M. Costal vein e.xten-lin-r to tip of tl 
 
 vein evanescent or partially so. 
 
 I'AitAci.iis Hiuot. 
 J) of third vc'in, the latter i)art of the fourth 
 
 Costal vein exfendiuK to the tip of the fourth vein, wl 
 
 \svMii:ii s L 
 
 usual stren<'tli. 
 
 lii'ii is of the 
 
 22. Si.xth vein wantinjr (minute species, not shinin-r, tl 
 
 on 
 Si.xtl 
 
 ly a fifth of the lenf^th of the winj-). 
 1 vein jiresent, at least for a short dist 
 2.I. First antennal joint hairy above. 
 First antennal joint bare above. 
 
 .'4. Second antennal joint with a thunib-lik 
 
 le first vein reachiiijr 
 
 A( ii.vi.ci s I 
 
 nice. 
 
 oew . 
 
 inner side of the thinl. 
 Second antennal joint without 
 
 ■'.. Fourth vein before the tip sharply curved toward tl 
 
 e jirojection fittiiit-' into th 
 
 .SVNroli.MON I 
 
 such proji'ction. 
 
 oew, 
 
 ::;) 
 
 reachintr it at the nia 
 
 r^in. 
 
 Fourth vein near the end parallel with the third 
 
 le tliird, nearly 
 .Mi;TAi>i;i..\sTuM,i;iiis Aldrich. 
 
 convei-jTent. 
 
 2(5. Arista dorsal, tliird antennal joint of usual 
 
 or only nioderatily 
 lit; 
 
 face wide, 
 Arista dorsal, i)alpi small, f 
 Arista nearly or quite at the end of tl 
 
 ^i/e, palpi of male hirue, 
 
 DiOSTI. .(IS I 
 
 oew. 
 
 ace very ii;irrow. 
 
 Anki'sii;s l.oe 
 
 e larye, pointed third joint. -'7 
 
'^pp 
 
 !»: 
 
 SO 
 
 XOKTII AMEinCAN DIlTKliA. 
 
 lliiul ('(txii' witwout iTi'C't liJiirs on tlic outer !<\t\v, tliird and fourtli vi'iii 
 
 wnr the tip eoiiverjicnt. 
 
 Ilvi'iK irAKAssrs Nick 
 
 Hind coxii' with one or more eri-et liairs, third and fourth veins i»arai 
 
 ltd. winirs wiih' 
 
 IjS 
 
 2H. Seuteliuin witli smaller hairs oi^ tlie ilisk besides the mar<jfinal hristles 
 
 J.ASIA l!(iVK,\ Mik 
 
 Scutellum hare, e.xcejjt for the bristle; 
 
 AuciYKA Maeiiuarl. 
 
 2!>. Posterior third of thoracic dorsum, l)efore ♦he scutcdlinii, concave or 
 
 at least distinctly flattened. . - .K) 
 
 Dorsum rounded as usual. ........ -".^ 
 
 ;!(!. Hristles of thorax veHow 
 
 Hristles l)lack, rarelv hrownis. . . 
 
 CiiKVSoriMrs Loe 
 
 :51. Fourth vein parallel with the third heyond the cross-vein, or nearly so. 
 
 Xaxtiiooii.oui s Tvoew. 
 Fourth vein conver^iny toward the third hev<(tid the crctss-vein, either 
 
 irraduallv or hv a double curve, 
 
 (io back to b 
 
 • ■ inji's elonjj;ate, the posterior cross-vei.; considerably beyond ihe mid- 
 dle, less than its length from the ajH'X of the fifth vein (Ilydrojjho- 
 rinie) ;!:> 
 
 \Vin,i>s not elon^rate, cross-vein scarcely beyond the ndddle, more than 
 its leniith from the end of the fifth vein (if less, the hind metatarsus 
 shorter than the foUowlnjf joint) '•)'> 
 
 Fore femora slender I.iancai,us I 
 
 Fore femora more or less incrassated, with spines l)elow. . 
 
 tOl'W. 
 
 '•'A. Sj)ines of fore femora very short, thoracic dorsum without well marked 
 
 ])()llin()so lines. 
 
 II vDHoi-noms Falle 
 
 S])inos of fore femora long, dorsuni with pollinose lines. Scki.ms I.oiw. 
 ''V>. < )utor appendajics of the hypopyjiium lony, filiform. 
 
 Nkmatophocti's TiOew 
 
 Outer ai)i)enda{res not loufj and filiform. 
 
 )»'. 
 
 ."•(!. Second antennal joint with a tinnnb-like })rojection alonjj the inner 
 
 side of the third (Synarthrus Loew). . . . Svntokmon. 
 
 Not with stu'h ])roIon,uation •"57 
 
 ;!7. Eyes contiguous or nearly so Ix'low the antemia>. . . , ;>>< 
 Eyes contiguous above thi' antenna'. . . Diaimiouis Meigeii. 
 Eyes closest together at the level of the antennio, divcging above ami 
 
 Cami'sknkmiis Walker. 
 
 below ; middle legs of male distorted. 
 Eyes not ap|)roximati'd. 
 
I)<)LK'li()i>(H)ii)j/ 
 
 SI 
 
 '''^. rulvilli of male fore t, 
 
 Pulvilli of iiiak- not 
 
 irsi coii^iiicuoiisly I'tilar^r,.,]. Ki tausts I. 
 
 . CiiiMsoTrs i)t. Mii'Ufii. 
 
 t'lilarytMl. 
 
 ocw. 
 
 JO. Tl 
 
 lorax l)riy:lit u 
 
 rcc'ii, alxloiin'ii vi'li 
 
 liii. 
 
 <>\v, witli a u'ood (li-il of i<il 
 
 Not 
 
 >i) niarkccl. 
 
 I. 
 
 VlTV pol- 
 
 i;i cosToi-A I. 
 
 40 
 
 40. Faci' l)r()a(I, tlio ])u\]n ]. 
 
 si)t'C'if.s, witli Vfllow aiiti'ii 
 
 ir<:c, ivposingon tlu' proboscis ; small, jk)!! 
 
 HIOSO 
 
 nav 
 
 Talj)! of onlinarv 
 
 T 
 
 iiiNOi'iiii.rs Wahllirri 
 
 prol 
 
 XtSC'lS. 
 
 sizt' or clso projwtin.iT lainellifonii, free from tli 
 
 41 
 
 41. The third lon.tritudiiial vein (in the male) k 
 
 near the tip of tlii' latter, tl 
 
 tiiinl and fourtl 
 
 1 V 
 
 ) keeps close to the second till 
 leri makes a wide curve hackward ; the 
 
 Winns of ord 
 
 ems farther apart than usual. I. 
 
 mary structure. 
 
 yiu»m;i K( s I. 
 
 oew, 
 
 42 
 
 42. Third 
 
 "■'•; .l""'t <.< antenna, in the nuile conspicuously lonj,. awl-shape.l not 
 
 wider at the base than the first joint, . . K„a,.,.,u.m M,.i.en 
 
 I'M-d jomt long, lancet-shaped, wider at the base than the first joint'. 
 
 rp, . ] . . , I'oiu'iiYnops .Meiyeii. 
 
 J hird jomt short, the tip sonietinus .Irawn out into a point. . 4;; 
 
 4:5. Arista nearly or quite aj.ical ; fore pulvilli of n.ale not enlarged. 
 
 » • . 1 , CiiKvsori ,s, pt. 
 
 Arista dorsal or subapical ; fore pulvilli of u.ale elon-ated. 
 
 A » 1 1 . DiAi'iicmi s, , t. 
 
 An.sta dorsal inserted quite near the base of the joint ; pulvilli plain ■ 
 ulMlomen of male slender, comi)ressed. 
 
 P 
 .SVMI'VCXIS Locw. 
 
 10 
 
S*J 
 
 XOirni AMFJIICAX DIITKUA. 
 
 te' 
 
 CYCLOllPJIAPITA. 
 
 us. SYUIMIID.K. 
 
 Siiiall to nitluT large Hies. Head l»eiiiisj)li(»ri('al. often elon- 
 gated or ])rodu(u^d in tlie lower })art; as broad or a little broader 
 than the thorax. Face moderately broad, bare or clothed witli 
 dust or short )»ile; excasated in j»roHle tinder the antennai 
 and projecting b(do\v. or with a distinct convexity near the 
 middle part, never witii longitudinal {Vrrows or lateral ridges, 
 usually convex transviM'sely, sonietiiMv'>i with a median ridge. 
 Oral opening large ; proboscis rarely mucli elongated. l''ront 
 never excavated. Anteniue usually porrect and approximated 
 at their base, tiiree-jointed. usually with a dorsal arista. 
 Eyes large, bare or pilose ; in the male usually contiguous 
 above. Ocudli always piTsent. Thoriix comparatively large 
 and robust, moderat<dy arched above. Teguhe of moderate 
 size. Abdomen composed of five or six visible segments, rarely 
 with only four, llypopygium usually not prominent. Legs 
 usually of moderate strength. .Macrocluetie rarely ])resent in 
 anv part of the bodv : the bodv generally thinly ])ilose or bare, 
 but sometim(\s clothed with thick pile. Wings comparatiyely 
 large; third longitudinal yein never forked; marginal cell 
 o])en or closed; the fourth yein terminates in the third at or 
 before the ti]> ; three ])osterior cells; basal cells large; anal 
 cell always (dosed before the border of the wing; between the 
 third and fourth 'oi.gitudinal yein and nearly ])arallel with 
 them, a false or s])urious vein, nearly always present and 
 rliarncteristtr of tlif fdiiill i/. 
 
 The family Syr])hidie is one of the most extensive in the 
 order. Xearly twenty-five hundred species are known through- 
 out the world and many new forms are constantly being added. 
 They contain among them many of the brightest-colored flics, 
 
SYlMMIID.i:. 
 
 s;; 
 
 111(1 
 
 iiuiiicrous speciiiu'iis aiv sure to aiiin-ar in aiiv 
 
 irt'iicra 
 
 colU'ctioii of iiist'cts. Nont' arc injurious in tlicir lial)its io 
 iiuiirs economy and many arc very licnciicial. In llicir adult, 
 liahits tiicy all show a ^-rcat unii'ormitv. Tiicv art' H 
 
 n 
 
 u's ai 
 
 suiisliim 
 
 id I't'cd upon lioncy and pollen, 1 
 
 ower 
 
 oviiiL;- the Itri^ht 
 
 The larva' are usuallv not, very eloii'^ate. with t 
 
 irm, some- 
 
 times tough skin,, the head-segments small and extensile, the 
 liead not distinctly differentiated. The external mouth-i)arts 
 are either wholly wanting, with only a soft fleshy oj)einng. or 
 
 tl 
 
 lere are two or four outwardly directed hooklets. Ant 
 short, small, one or two jointed and fleshv. liodv 
 
 smooth oi 
 
 cnna' 
 th 
 
 ])rovided with soft conical i)r()jections and bristles; below 
 usually with seven i)airs of abdominal feet. At tl 
 
 end the bodv terminat 
 
 le ])osterior 
 
 ?le or double, the stigmata. Tins tul 
 
 es m a more or less eloii-^Mte tube, sin- 
 
 )(' sometimes forms a 
 short, almost chitinized, tubercular i)rojection on the dorsal 
 l)art of the last segment; at other times it is very long, longer 
 than the body, slender and composed of two joints, the one 
 
 j; witliin the other, like the joints of a tel 
 
 escoi)( 
 
 slidin 
 
 changing to the pupal condition, the larval sk 
 
 form the pupal envelojje, and the body l)ecomes shorter, 
 
 oval and of a darker color, the el(Mi«rated 
 
 n 
 
 111 contracts to 
 
 more 
 
 res])iratorv tube, in 
 
 the ''rat-tailed " species, being curved over the back. Unlik< 
 all the other Cyclorrhaplia, except the l»ipunculidu', the fron- 
 tal lunule is not used in springing ofl' the cap to the pui»arium. 
 
 The habits of the larva' ai 
 
 e more varial)le than th 
 
 ose o 
 
 f th 
 
 adult flies. A large number live in decaying wood, or other 
 vegetation, or in ordure, or decomposin; 
 Some live in the stems of 
 larv 
 
 inimal remains, 
 various plants, some in fungi. The 
 
 e of many species of the Syrpliini are aphidoj)! 
 
 lairous. 
 
 crawling about on the st 
 
 nis of jilants frecpiented by ])lant- 
 
 lice and destroying them. Some live 
 
 be parasiti(^ ; otliers in the nests of iinnible I 
 
 On account of the large nnmlier of genera and the conse 
 
 in ant's nests and mav 
 
 lees. 
 
8'^ 
 
 S4 
 
 NOlJ'ill AMKinCAN DII'TF-KA. 
 
 (lut'iit l('ii.t,'tli M ^)h* tablt; of the North Aiiu'ricaii genera, I 
 liave introdueed at tlie close uii auxiliary tahle or ,nr(»ui»iiii;- of 
 a eoiisideralile nuiiiher of tlie genei'a which can be defined hy 
 deeisive characters. 
 
 •'^■ 
 
 TAULK (tK (IKNKKA. 
 
 1. Anti'iiiiii' witli a tiriniiiiil style 
 
 Aiiti'iiiiji' with !i (l()i>iil arista. ..... 
 
 2. Antciiiiii' fyliiulrical, tlu' first two joints i'loiij;atiMl {d rln). 
 
 SiMiv.\iMc)i;i'ii.v Ikoiidaiii. 
 
 ri;i,i:('<>('i:i!.v .Mciucii 
 
 (".M.I.ICKKA I' 
 
 First two Joints of tlio antcima' sliort. 
 
 i). Kyt's bare, small spi'cics. .... 
 
 Kyt'S i»ilosi', lariii-r spi-cii-s. .... 
 
 4. Mar},Mnal cell of tlit' wiiiu:s cIosimI and petioiati'. 
 
 Marginal ct'il o])C'n. ..-......•"> 
 
 o. Anterior eross-vein of the wiims distinetlv hefori' the niidille of the 
 
 iiiizer. 
 
 4K 
 
 discal cell, rectanjiular. 
 
 (') 
 
 Anterior cross-vi'in near or heyoiid the middle of the discal cell, ofli'ii 
 o))li(lue. ........... o'l 
 
 ('». Antenna' elotigatc 
 Antenna' short. 
 
 KJ 
 
 7. Dorsum of thorax with yellow lateral stripes; large species, the abdo- 
 
 men alwavs with distinct vellow hand:- 
 
 CiiKYSOToxr.M .Meigen. 
 
 Dorsum of thora.x without yellow lateral stripes or margins. . S 
 
 8. Face rounded, i)il()se, not tuherculato; oral margin not i)rojecting. t> 
 Face not evenly arched, tuherculate or the oral margin projecting. 14 
 
 *.). Moderately large to I irge species; scutellum flattened, usually with 
 spines or tubercles on its margin ; a stumj) of a vein in the first pos- 
 
 terior cell from the third longitudinal vein. 
 
 10 
 
 ^mall species; scutellum without s])ines or tubercles; no sucli stumj) 
 
 of a vein jjresent. 
 
 I'iPiZA Fallen. 
 
 10. Abdomen much narrowed near the base (Central and S. America). 11 
 
 Abdomen not or but little narrowed near tlii' base. 
 
 VI 
 
 11. Face swollen and i)rominent below. 
 Face not swollen and prominent below. 
 
 lIiioi'.xLosYui'iirs (iiglio-Tos. 
 MiXixi.vsTKit Macquart. 
 
 12. Second segment of the abdomen with tlu' lateral margins inflated. 
 
 Se<'ond segment of the abdomen normal. 
 
 ( )MK(iA>*Yi{i'iir.s (iiglio-'ros 
 i: 
 
SYI!I'|III),K 
 
 I-"., lliinl iiu-t;itarf;i imicli diliitt 
 
 lliiKi 
 
 iiictiitarsi not eonsiiiciioiislv dil.iti 
 
 t'mj 
 
 •ri:s Walker. 
 
 M 
 
 14. lioilv clotlud with 
 
 KKDixts .Mcimr) 
 
 «liai>f IdinciitiMi 
 
 witli .-^pinnn.s bristles lu'iow ((Vwitrai aixl 
 Iiidifs) 
 
 lioil 
 
 y not with thiftfinMl tDiiicnti 
 
 nil. 
 
 Face tuhcrculati- l.idow, jiartiy nr wholly veil 
 face and front not wrinkled. 
 
 tlie f( mora thickened and 
 
 South America ami West 
 
 I.i.i'ii.(»sr<n,.\ .Mik. 
 
 1.-) 
 
 ow ; epistouia receiliiiir; 
 
 Kjiist 
 
 oina projectinus front and face hlack. 
 
 I'AitAoi s Lat 
 
 ]<!. Face black ii 
 
 1 lifoimd-cojor. 
 
 ace more or K'ss yellow in f-roiind-co|or. 
 
 17. Abdomen with oidv f 
 
 temia,' very short, third 
 arista. 
 
 (tur visilde seotnents; first two joints of tl 
 
 reille. 
 -'1 
 
 •Jii 
 
 le an- 
 
 ar-e, siil„iuadrate, with a short, siibterminal 
 
 Ab 
 
 loniei) with more than four visibl 
 
 N 
 
 ALsioASTKi: Williston. 
 
 c seirnii Ills. 
 
 IS. Hind femora distinctiv thickened. 
 
 I! 
 
 ind femora but little or not at all thickened. 
 
 V.\ Scntelhim niiusiiallv h 
 
 
 iruc, nearly .scjiiare; males di(dioi)tic 
 
 Sctitelliim not miiisuallv I 
 
 ('IIAI.( OMVIA Willist 
 
 on. 
 
 )i()l 
 
 optic and with a facial tubcrck 
 
 iruc, considerably broader at the has 
 
 ISC ; male; 
 
 MVIOI.KI'TA N 
 
 cwinaii. 
 
 20. F 
 
 ace rounded, nut tubcrculatc, tl 
 
 K' oral margin not projcctii 
 
 lii'. 
 
 •"iicc tul)erciilate or the oral 
 
 I'lci/.A Fal 
 
 margin [irojec (im 
 
 n. Kjtistoma projoc 
 
 leii. 
 L'l 
 
 Face tubcrculatc, the oral 
 
 iinjj:; small, black specic^ 
 
 maroin not projectin> 
 
 2-2. Front in the female and usually tlio face in botl 
 
 wrinkles; vena spuria olisolete. 
 ■ ront and face not wrinkled ; face pilose and not tul 
 
 1 se.xcs with transver 
 ('iii{vs()<iAsrKi{ Meiycn 
 •erculate. 
 I'sii.KTA Meiiicn 
 
 se 
 
 '):l 
 
 Metallic <rrcen, nictall 
 
 ic <; 
 
 separated l)y ji .slender parallel 
 
 reen and black, or Idack species ; facial orbit> 
 
 Ulacdv with ii 
 
 liroi/ve. 
 
 lore or le 
 
 ss metallic <;reeii or blue, with veil 
 
 CiiiiosjA .Meiain. 
 
 eross-ljutids on the al)doineii ; face without parall 
 
 ow or vellowish 
 
 lei groove; 
 
 24. Winjir not Um^vr tlian the abd 
 
 (lei)ressed, lonfr-ellii)tical, somewhat 
 niarkiufrs ferruufirious or oraime vidlow. 
 
 omen; ocellar tubercle lar^e; alxh 
 
 24 
 
 )meii 
 
 arrowed toward the base, tl 
 
 le 
 
 Winys lonw'er than the abd( 
 
 I'VRC 
 
 >i'it.«\A Schiner. 
 
 y(dlow or shiiii 
 
 )men ; abdomen with veil 
 
 ny- metallic cross-band 
 
 ow or iiTeeiiish 
 s; u.sually elonuate sj)ecies. lio 
 
* 
 
 SC) 
 
 X<U{TII AMKKK'AX DII'TKIIA. 
 
 2'». Fnmt tihiu' distally iiiiil tarsi of the $ diluted, tlmsc of tlic fctiuilc 
 
 sliylitlv widi'iicd. 
 
 I'l.ATVciiiiti s St. Karmau and Sirv 
 
 Front tihiii' and tarsi sitiidrr in both scxi's. 
 
 .Mi:t,ANOS|(>M.\ ScililKT. 
 
 "J*'>. AlMlonu-n narrowi'ij toward tin- hasi-, in outline spatulale or eliii)- 
 sliaped. ........... "JT 
 
 Abdomen oval or slender, not elul)-sliaj)ed or sjKitiilate. mI 
 
 27. Third longitndinal vein deejdy eurved into the first posti'rior cell (Cen- 
 
 tral and South Anieriea). . . . S.M.iMMiOdASTKK Sehiner. 
 
 Tiiiril lon<;ituilinal vein straiylit or p-ntly eurved. . . . "JS 
 
 28. Ilind femora slender; front of female lon<r, nurroweil above. . L".t 
 Hind femora thickened; abdomen less elonuate; front not lonir and 
 
 narrow aliovi 
 
 1>a((;hina Williston, nov 
 
 2!>. Alulii' rudimentary or wantinjr. 
 
 Aluhe well developed. .... 
 
 ."•0. Kpistoma proihu'cd anteriorly, the face in profile dee])ly concave from 
 
 Hacciia Fabriciuf 
 
 anti-nnu' to tip; third Joint of the anteiinii* rounded. 
 
 Sl'HKlMNA 
 
 M 
 
 emin. 
 
 F^pistonni produced more downvard, in jirofili' jri.ntly t-oncave; third 
 
 joint of the antenme not rounded. 
 
 Ni:OAS( lA Williston 
 
 .'51. Front lonjf, much narrowed above in the female; clu'eks very narro\ 
 the eyes a|)i)roachiii<i' each other at the lower j)art of the head ; wii 
 
 lUS 
 
 usually with a dark jdcture; abdoTuen more or less elonuate 
 
 OcviTAMi s .Mac(iuart. 
 
 Spi'cie.s witliout the above cliaracters. 
 
 M2. Dorsum of the thorax with yellow lateral marjjins. . . .")'.> 
 
 Dorsum of thorax not with yellow lateral margins. . . . .'1;! 
 
 ;];). Abdomen with definite yidlow cross-bands. ..... o4 
 
 Abdonu'ii not with detiniti' yellow cross-bands. . ... 42 
 
 .">4. Ilind femora extraordinarily thickened. Svritta St. Farj>'. and Serv. 
 Ilind femora slender. .........:'>•"> 
 
 .'55. Sixth abdomimil seiimeiit in the $ as lon^f as the two ]»recedinji' to- 
 jrether, cylindrical ; fifth se<j'ment in the 9 oni'-half as lonjf as the 
 
 precedinfj. 
 
 El I'KODKS Oston Sackei 
 
 Sixth segment not peculiar, the fifth sej;nient of the 9 one-third oront' 
 
 fourth as l(»nj,' as the i»recediny: -"Si 
 
 '•'>(). Front very convex; eyes of $ with an area of enlar<;ed faci'ts above 
 
 k-n 
 
 ("atabo.mha Osteii Sack-n 
 
 Front not remarknblv convex. 
 
 .'57. Third lonjjitudimil vein with a distinct curvature into the first posterior 
 cell; third Joint of the antenmi' elongate oval. Dii>i;a Maciiuart. 
 Third lor.;.>itii<linal vein straight or gently curved ; epistonwi not pro- 
 duced (if produced snout-like, liliiiniid). .... .5^ 
 
SYIM'IIIDJ;. 
 
 s. 
 
 •X. .Mali.s iH.lnptic SvKn.rs Kal.riri.is. 
 
 MaU-sl.n.a.Ily.iiclM.ptic. .... CiMMouinn s Mik. 
 
 •".0. l).,rs,nn ,,{ tliurax witl. a i.ii-.lian ruwrvous Wuv. ...•dli u<.ially ivuH.t,. 
 
 .Mi:s<>(.i!\.\r.MA I.iifw. 
 
 f'niiii tlic vertex. 
 
 DorMiin i>{ tlnirax witliout .such line 
 
 Id 
 
 ■to. i;y(.s„f ^ witl. an area of cnlaruv,! facets al...ve: futirtl. semiiei.t ,.f 
 
 uw stripes and oiiliiine .side-sjiofs. 
 
 the abdomen with two Miediiiri veil 
 
 ICyes of $ not witli a 
 
 Ai,i.()<;ii.\i'iA (»sten Sa( i< 
 
 en. 
 
 n area of eniarsieil facets al 
 
 41. F 
 
 ina! sei;inent not so marked, 
 ■f projectin^r l)i-iow ; slender sp: 
 
 Face recedinn-; ahd 
 
 litove; fourth ahdon 
 
 n 
 
 Scii.KKoi'iioijiA Mac(|uart. 
 
 otneTi oval 
 
 X 
 
 AM M(>(i|tAMMA .Schiner. 
 
 '1-J. Thickly pilose species.- alidonien idiick. the hasal 
 
 )red. 
 
 portion Ii<rJit-col- 
 
 Thinl 
 
 Iil,l <(>/()NA Scl 
 
 y pdosi- spi'cies, not so marked. 
 
 4:'), Mind femora thickened. 
 
 Hind f 
 
 emora slendi-r. 
 
 liner. 
 4;; 
 
 44 
 
 44. Species wholly or chiefly reddish or lutescent. 
 
 IJIack species, sometimes with hit 
 
 antxles of the ahdom 
 
 en. 
 
 4.'t. Scutellum unusually larj-e, nearly .stiuare in oufl 
 
 Scuttdluiu oval; males holoptii 
 IC. Face carinate; ahdomen oval. 
 
 Face tuberculate. . 
 47. Kpist 
 
 4(1 
 e(.us spots on face, humeri, and basal 
 
 ine; males diidioptic. 
 on. 
 
 ClIAI.COMVIA Willist 
 
 n 
 
 Mvioi.KiTA Newman. 
 Hkaciivopa Mei^n'ii. 
 
 V.M.MKKS( HMIKTIA ScllUIIlinel. 
 
 {tistonia produced into a lonu porrected snout. 1 
 
 Kpistoma not produced. .... 
 
 {in.N(iiA Seopoli. 
 
 (iiii.xsiA .Mei< 
 
 yn. 
 
 48. Third longitudinal vein bent <leeply into the ti 
 
 'I'hin 
 
 rst posterior cell. 
 
 lonjritudinal vein not bent deeply into the first posterior cell 
 
 antenna' elongate 
 4i). Arista very densely plumose, apj 
 
 Arista feathery i>luinose. 
 
 00. Males dichoptic. . 
 Males lioloptic. 
 
 01. Hind femora witli a sliarit tooth lik 
 
 4H 
 
 learing as a solid mas.>i 
 
 ("oi'KSTVUM .Mac(iuart. 
 
 .".(» 
 
 Ml 
 
 end. • . . . 
 
 Hind femora without such tootli 
 
 (iA.MKTAI'ON (;ijr|io-'|'os, 
 
 \'ni.ici;i,F,A (ieolTroy. 
 
 ce projection below near the distal 
 
 Mii.KsiA Latreille, 
 
ss 
 
 Noirril AMKIJH'AN DII'TKKA. 
 
 0"J. Frontal triaiiirlt' i)t" $ stroii^iy jn'utuhiTaiit {/'iilinsi/r/i/nts liijidt, Central 
 
 and Sontli AnHrica). .... I'kiomkki s Macciuart. 
 
 Fntiital trianjili' not jtroinini'nt. ...... .').■; 
 
 oo. Kpistonia proiliici'ii into a lonj,^ porri-ctfil snout (Ci-ntral anil South 
 America). ..... Lv<'astkikiiyn< iia lii;fot. 
 
 Kpistoina not proiluceil. ........ .")4 
 
 o4. Thorax with distinct vellow inarkiii;_rs ; femora tiiickeneil ; hyi)o<iyiiium 
 
 i-nlar^ed (I'tcroiililo). .... Mekomacuis Kondani. 
 
 Thora.\ without distinct yellow markinjrs; hind femora somi'tinus 
 
 tiiickeneil; hypopyirium not j)romini'nt. . Kuistalls Latreille. 
 
 57. 
 08. 
 
 m. 
 m. 
 
 01. 
 (12. 
 
 Arista plumose. 
 
 Arista l)are or pubescent. 
 
 Antenna' elongated. 
 Antenna- short. 
 
 • >(> 
 OS 
 
 . riiAi.ACKOMYiA IJonilani. 
 
 i')7 
 
 Skkk OMYiA Meiiren. 
 AiicToi'iiii.A Schiner. 
 
 04. 
 Oo. 
 
 Thiidy pilose; aliilomen with yellow bands. 
 Thickly i)ilose; abdomen without yellow. 
 
 Third lon^ntudinal vein bent deej)ly into the first jiosterior cell; hind 
 femora thickened. ......... oD 
 
 Third vein only j^ently curved. ....... <i4 
 
 Face carinate; hind femora with an ansjrular protuberance l)elow near 
 tlic outer end. ...... Tiit)i'ii»iA Mei<;en. 
 
 Face tuberculatc or arched, not carinate <i<> 
 
 Abdomen much narrowed at the base (Central and South America). 
 
 Ceuiocastku Williston. 
 Abdomen not narrowed at tlie base 01 
 
 Antenna^ elongate (Mexico and Kurope). I'i.atyxoch.ktis Wiedemann. 
 Antenntu short 02 
 
 Thorax and scutellum densely pollinose above Pterallastks Loew. 
 Thorax and scutellum not densely pollinose above. . . . O:! 
 
 Third joint of the antenna? broad ; thorax not vittate. . . 07 
 
 Third joint of the antenuiu oval; thorax usually vittate. . . 04 
 
 AsKMOSYiu'urs Bigot. 
 IIkloi'iiilus Meigen. 
 
 riiickly pilose s])ecies. Mai.lota ^^eigen. 
 
 Thinly pilose. .......... <'><• 
 
 Ocelli remote from each other. 
 Ocelli not remote from eacli other 
 
SVniMIID.K 
 
 89 
 
 )il'>, 
 
 ()7 
 
 i)S. 
 
 (il>. 
 
 Iliii.l tiliii.' of till, male witli ,ui iiit.Tiial riHMliaii ^j.iir. (S... alsn M„l/ni„ 
 
 '"''■■' 'l'^:' 'iKx'NKMix Osttii Sai'kcTi. 
 
 Ilin.l til.ii." of $ not with such a sjnir. I'c.i.vi.ommm via Wiliistoii. 
 
 Hind fiMiK.ra thicl<ciuMl and with a l)itid simr l.t low ('\„rth AnuTica). 
 
 , Skmh.astkh Macciiiart. 
 
 Hind tcniora without sucli si»ur. ..... .j^ 
 
 Slt-ndiT spccii's: ahdonu'ii narrowed Itasally. (Sec -JH.) 
 
 Ahdoini'ti in no wise cIiilt-sliaiHMi. .... (JO 
 
 Thora.x with distiiirt yi-liow niarkin-s other than on fl:o humeri 7S 
 
 Tliora.x not with distinct yeihnv nwirkin-s of the jjn.und eoh.r <.ther 
 
 tlian rarely on the liunieri. 
 
 7(» 
 
 1*0. Face transv«'rsidv arched or 
 
 M 
 
 ahdonien more or less elonjrate ami nearlv l>a 
 
 irinati', not produci'd, not tuherculatt 
 
 re, 
 
 ore 
 
 or less thickly jdlose species, often 1 
 
 '1 
 
 ULfe 
 
 71. Hind femora e.xtraordinarilv thickened 
 
 lar. 
 Hind f 
 
 emora more or less thickened: 
 
 72. Face sharply carinate. 
 Faci' transversely arched. 
 
 7;]. Scutellum, martiin of the tl 
 
 anterior cross-vein rectani,Mi- 
 SviMTTA St. Far-r. and Serville. 
 cross-vein ol)li((Ue. . ~2 
 
 Tiioi'iDFA Meijren. 
 Xv I.OTA Meiiren. 
 
 lora.x and pleura- with hristlv 1 
 
 lairs. 
 
 Tl 
 
 lorax wholly without hristh 
 
 ('iii{VS(M'iii,AMvs K'ondi 
 
 (III. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 74. Face short, not produced, 
 himi femora thickened 
 Face produced, lonu'. 
 
 7'). Ahdomoii elongate. 
 
 concave from antenna' to tij), not tuherculati 
 
 Abd 
 
 oil) 
 
 vciivi'Ai.iMs .Mac(|iiart. 
 
 en very hroa<I ; thorax densely pilose; middle femora of the $ 
 
 with an inferior basal sjnir 
 "(i. Face produced forward, })o!nted, 
 
 F 
 
 tuberciilate; hind femora thickened 
 lice not evenly concave, but tuberculat 
 
 Hakhomvia Williston. 
 concave from antenna' to tij), not 
 
 CkioI'Iioha < »^tell Sack 
 
 en. 
 
 e or convex. 
 
 Th 
 
 Tl 
 
 ird Joint of the antennae produced above int 
 
 minatinjr in the thickened arista. 
 
 urd joint of the antennae obli(|wely oval; hin<l f 
 
 eneii 
 
 7^<. Hind femora witl 
 di.stal end. 
 
 o a conical ])rocess, ter- 
 .Mi:iiAiM<)ii>i s Hiii'ot. 
 emora rarely thick- 
 f'liioRMiNA Mac(iuart. 
 
 1 a conical, tooth-like jirotulnraiice Ixd 
 
 Hind femora without such ]>rotiil 
 
 ow near the 
 Si'ii.oMviA .Mei<reii. 
 
 •enince 
 
 11 
 
Qi 
 
 00 
 
 XOIJTH AMKlUf'AN DII'TKHA. 
 
 rO. Antcniiii' inscrtt'd low down, near the middle of the head in profile 
 
 faee not longer than the front. 
 
 Tkmnostoma St. Farg. and Serv. 
 
 Antenna* situated high up, on a conical process ; fro- short, face much 
 produced downward; antennie long or short. Simifxomvia Latreille. 
 
 AUXII.IAUY TAHLK 
 
 1. Marginal cell closed 
 (,'opcstylum, 4, 6 
 
 H. 
 
 Milesia, 2, 7. 
 Meromacrus, 2. 
 Lycastrirhyncha, 2, (5. 
 
 Megametapon, 4, o, 8, 10. 
 I'riomerus, 2, 8. 
 Eristalis,2, 5,8. 
 Volucella, 4, 5, 8. 
 
 Third vein hent deeply into the first posterior eel 
 
 Didea, 8. 
 Milesia, 1, 7. 
 Meromacrus, 1 . 
 Lycastrirhyiu'ha, 1, (!. 
 Ceriogaster, 1, 1*. 
 llelophilus, 10. 
 Mallota, 8, 10. 
 I'olydontoniyia, 7. 
 IMatynocha'tus, 4. 
 
 Salpingogaster, 0. 
 I'riomerus, 1, 5, 8. 
 Kristaiis, 1, T*. 8. 
 Tropidia, 7. 
 I'terallastes. 
 Asem()syr])hus, 10. 
 Teuchocnemis. 
 Senogaster, 7, 0. 
 
 O. First posterior cell with a stump of a vein from the third longitudinal 
 
 Mi.xogaster, 4, 9. 
 Klu)palosyrphus, 4, 0, 
 ritristes, 1(». 
 
 4. Antenna* elongate: 
 
 Si)hyxiniori)ha. 0. 
 I'ipiza, 8. 
 
 Onu'gasyrphus, 'A, 8. 
 Microdon, ;], 8. 
 I'hristes, .",, 10. 
 I'aragus, pt. 8. 
 .Megametajjon, T), 10. 
 I'latynocha'tus, 2. 
 Sphecomyia, i»t. 
 
 r». Arista plumose : 
 (.'hilosia, pt. 8. 
 Kristalis, pt. 1, 2, 8. 
 Arctophila. 
 Megametapon, 4, 10. 
 Copestylum, 1, 4, 8. 
 
 0. K])istoma produced into a long |)orrected snout; 
 
 Omegasyrphus, 4, 8. 
 Microdon, 4, 8. 
 
 riirysotoxum, 8. 
 
 Mi.xogaster, :'., 0. 
 Khoi)alo.><yrphus, .">, 9. 
 Lei)idost()la. 
 Chrysogaster, pv 
 Volucelhi, 1, ij, 8. 
 Spilomyia, i)t. 7. 
 CoiK'stylum, 1, 5, 8. 
 I'halacromvia, 0. 
 
 lirachyojia pt. 
 Sericomyia. 
 Volucella, 1, 4, 8. 
 I'halacromvia, 4. 
 
 n\ 
 
 imgia. 
 
 Lvcastrirhvncha, 1, 2. 
 
 
coxoi'IDj:. 
 
 ;n 
 
 7. Hind fomora w;:'.! a i)rojt'ctir»ii lu 
 SenopisttT, 2, 0. 
 Spiloinvia, 4. 
 l'f)l\<l()iit()iiiyia, 2, l(t. 
 
 ><. Kyi's ))u)ii'si't'nt : 
 Syrplnis, pt. 
 Microdon, pt. 4. 
 Mc'<.'aiin'taj)oii, 14. 
 Mallota, pt. 2, 10. 
 I'ipiza, 4. 
 Lt'ucozoria. 
 Kristalis, pt. 1,4. 
 rojR'.styluiii, 1, 4, 5. 
 ('Iirysochlaiiiy.x. 
 
 v. Alxloiiu'ii spatulatt' or naiTowLMl c 
 Spliyxiinorplia, 4. 
 Hli<)j)al().syrplius, :], 4. 
 Sfiiojra.stcr, 2, 7. 
 Hacclia. 
 Spejrjiia. 
 Ceria. 
 
 10. Males flklioptic: 
 IVIecoc'i'ra. 
 
 Hli()j)al()syrphus, :), 4, 0. 
 Mi.xouastt'r, ;!, 4, 0. 
 <)iiu'>>asyrplnis, ;J, 4. 
 ritristc's, .'5, 4. 
 Microdon, ;!, 4, 8. 
 Clialcomvia. 
 
 lou : 
 
 Tropidia, 2. 
 -MiU'sia, 1, 2. 
 
 Didca, j)t. 2. 
 Clnlo.sia, pt. ;"». 
 Clirysoto.xuni, 4. 
 I'silota. 
 I'aragus, 4. 
 Catalioinha. 
 Voliic'flla, pt. 1, 4, f). 
 I'riouierus, 2. I. 
 
 oiispiciioti.vly at the hnsv : 
 Mi-XoiiastiT, 4, ;;. 
 (A'riofrasttT, 1, 2. 
 Salpinffopister, 2. 
 Haccliina. 
 N('(»ascia. 
 
 M('Kiinu'taj»oii, 1, 4, o, 8. 
 Asiiiiosyopliiis, 2. 
 Ili'lopliiliis, 2. 
 Mallota, i)t. 2, H. 
 I'olydontoiiiyia, 2, 7. 
 riianio.>iyrpliiis. 
 
 2j). c()X()j>ii)j<:. 
 
 Thinly pil<)S(> or nearly bare, more or less elongated species. 
 Jiead broad; front broad in both sexes; ocelli present or 
 absent. Anteniue porreet, composed of three simple joints, 
 the third with a dorsal arista or terminal style. Oral opening 
 large; proboseis slender. Abdomen more or less elongated'^ 
 <.ft.Mi eonstrieted toward the base. Basal eells of wing nsnally 
 large, the third (anal) closed; three i)osteri(.r cells/ the first 
 closed or nnich narrowed; no spnrioiis vein. 
 
i\'J 
 
 NitKIFI A.MKIMCAN DII'TKIJA. 
 
 Al)()ut forty sjx'cics of this t'uniily art^ known from North 
 Aiiieri(;;i. They iin* all flower-flios, not very (]uick in flight. 
 Flics of .so;!i(' of the genera (Cotioj^s. Phi/sori'phdld and Tropah)- 
 iiii/iii) liave a carious resenibhmee to certain was])s, and yet 
 more to the sj)ccies of <\'i''ia among the Syrphidu*. Tiie genus 
 Sfi//(ifjasfi'r is remarkable for the very h)ng ovi[)Ositor of the 
 femah) and the elongate ])rol)oscis in both sexes. The four 
 known specic.s art' from Africa, Xorth and South America. 
 
 So far as known, the larvie of this family are ])arasitic u])on 
 adult hymeno[)tera (wa,s})S and humble-bees) and orthojttera. 
 The eggs of the female are laid directly u[)on the bodies of 
 the bees or wasps during flight. The yoinig larxie burrow 
 within the abdominal cavity of their host, and there remain, 
 the posterior end directed toward the base of the abdomen, 
 feedin!"- upon the non-vital '.lortions. until readv to transform 
 
 into the nuiture fly. when they escape from between the 
 abdominal rings of the insect. The larva' of Con(){)ida' 
 are oval or pear-shaped, with distinctly differentiated seg- 
 ments, which are cajjable of extension or contraction. The 
 antenna' are wart-like, with two chitinous, ocellus-like rings at 
 th(? extremity. The mouth-hooklets are strongly bent. On 
 the last segment there are two, large, round or kidney-sha])ed 
 stigmatic jtlates. arched like a watch crystal. The pu])arium 
 is oval, with button-like, slightly projecting anterior stignuita 
 and the posterior i)air as in the larva". They remain within 
 the body ol tlieii- host during the winter. 
 
 l^Mr: 
 
 TAIW.K OF GHNKKA. 
 
 1. Aiiti'iina' with a tcrniiiiiil styk'; prohoscis ilircctcd forward, without iiic- 
 
 ilian iiiiiui' ; alxioiiu'ii coiistricU'il toward the liasc. . . '_' 
 
 .AiitiMiiia' witli a dorsal or sulKh)rsal arista. ..... 4 
 
 '2. Fact' with a iiu'ilian riiliii', without ^t^-sliapcd yroovi's ((\'iitrai and Soutli 
 America.) ....... 'ritoi'ii«»MVi.\ Williston. 
 
 Face Willi a wcll-nuirked ,\-shai)e'il uroovc •"> 
 
 :1. Femora and tihia- not tliicki'ued or dihiti'd, or, if so, thi' tlii('l<t'?iin,n' rcu- 
 ular; small ci-oss-vi'in of the winjis nearly opposite tlu' tip of the 
 
 au.siliiirv vein, and near the middle of the diseal 
 
 ("ONOI'S I.ilUU' 
 
rii'r.\( rijD.K 
 
 
 Fon.ora imjrularly tl.ic-kn.r.l tuwar.l tlu- l.asf, tlu' til.i:,. witl. im-„i,r 
 "Ulliru.s ; small cro.ss-vrin of winus uvur thr oiitrr tl.inl nf .iiscarcH. 
 
 l'iiVsori,i-iiAi..\ Scliiiicr. 
 4. I'n.l.oscis .lin.c'tc'.l forward, not Iktu near tl.c luUUUv. /o,„„v Latrnll,. 
 Proboscis Lent near the- mi.ldlr, the distal part foldin- Lack. r, 
 
 A. Vertex with bristles; til.iu' spurred ; face carinate. not -roovi-l ■ ovipo<- 
 .tor of fen.aio very lonjr. . . Stv,.o..as, ,,k .Ma,..,„art 
 
 \ ertex and tibiie without bristles; face with A-slmiU'd -roove. . .i 
 a Anal cell short; ovipositor eh.n-ate and folded beneath the abdomen. 
 
 Halmanma h'obineau-Dc.svoidv 
 Anal ceil elonu;ate, acuti'. 
 
 7. Cheeks not as broad as the vertical diameter of tin. eye. 
 
 <'N< o.MViA Hobineau-Desvoidv. 
 ( heeks as broad or broader than the v.'rtical diameter of the eye. 
 
 .M voi'A Kabricius. 
 
 •50- IMrrXClLID.K. 
 
 SinalK tliii.ly ].ilos.' or lu'arly l.aiv tii.'.s. 11,m.1 n.-arlv sidi.-r- 
 H-al. broader tlian the tliorax, (•lii..Hy c(.i,iim.,s,mI „C th,. lai-v 
 eyes. Eyes in tl.e male coi.ti-uoii.s alM»ve. separate.! l,v the 
 "am.u- front in tl.e ieniah.. Fa,e narnnv. Anteiu.a' s'tuall. 
 sliori. three-jointed, the third i(.int oval 
 
 <h)rs;il arista, oft 
 
 cess o 
 
 n ti 
 
 en with a inorc or less el 
 
 <»r renifonn, with a 
 
 oiiL'^ate 
 
 le under side. Ocelli ). resent. Prol 
 
 j)oint 
 
 eoneealed. Abihtmen composed of 
 small, cylindrical; hyi)o|)y,-iiini thieken.-d 
 
 ed t)ro- 
 
 )oseis smal 
 
 sn 
 
 ;iped 
 
 ahd 
 
 si.\ or seven sennients. 
 niore or less eluh- 
 ovipositor usually elon-ate ;ind fc.hh'd under the 
 
 omen. Le^'s simple; m.-tatarsi tdon-ated. tarsi I 
 
 iroad 
 
 tibia' without s[)urs; pidvilli pres.-nt. Ti'-id 
 
 Win«rs miu'h longer than the abdomen; third 
 
 vein not furc;ite; basal e.'lls well .h.velop.MJ. the amd .•..!] 
 
 elongate, reaching to. or nejirlv to. tl 
 
 e rudimentary 
 longitudinal 
 
 cidl narrowed in the i 
 diseal c(dl present in t!ie 1 
 
 le margin ; iirst jMtstfrior 
 iiargin: three post-rior cells p'lesf-nt ; 
 
 Tiu' Hies of tl 
 ti 
 
 vuown Anu'rican sjieci 
 
 es. 
 
 lis small family are most eommoulv met 
 
 Wltil 
 
 on riowers or m sweenin! 
 
 and are readilv distinu'uished 1 
 
 i\- 
 
WF 
 
 'J4 
 
 Nnirni AMKIJICAN DU'l'KWA. 
 
 their larj,'f', splicrical heads. Th<\v are not active in Hi,!j;lit. 
 .uhI are easily captured. Tlie hirva' of tliis family are ]»ara- 
 sitic so far as is known, those of I'ijnnini/ns fuscijn's liaviii!.' 
 been observed by Fxiiienian in the alxlornen of Thdnniofffiir 
 (Clroddfa) riri'sn'tis. They are elli])tical, thick, depressed, 
 narrowed at either end, naked. al)out three millimeters in 
 length, and somewhat broader in tlie middle. The ])Uparia 
 are somewhat smaller, oval, obtuse at either end, shining, 
 pitchy black. 
 
 But a single genus, /'ijiinini/i/s Latreille. is known to in- 
 habit North America. 
 
 ni. l^LATYPEZID^K. 
 
 Small, thinly pilose or bare flies, espeidally (diai-acterized 
 by the ornamentation or enlargement of the liind tarsi. Head 
 hemispherical, as broad or broader than the thorax and (dosely 
 ap]»lied to it. Face usually short and broad. Eyes bar(^ con- 
 tiguous in the male, ami in some genera in the female also. 
 Ocelli present. Antenna^ ])orreot, the iirst two joints short, 
 the third somewhat elongate, circular, ])(\ir-shai)ed or conical, 
 with a terminal arista. Scutellum without bristles. Abdo- 
 men comi)aratively short, the male genitalia i)r()jecting in 
 ('<if/nmt/i(t only. Legs short and strong; hind legs more or 
 less thickened ami tiie hind metatarsi thickened or variously 
 ornamented, the following joints often partaking in the pecu- 
 liar structure. Wings rather large; third longitudinal vein 
 simple, the fourth sometimes furcate; basal cells small, the 
 anal usually reaching to the margin; discal c(dl sometimes 
 wanting. 
 
 The flies of this small family are olten fouiul dancing in 
 the air in small swarms or running about (Ui the leaves of 
 underbrusli. The most remarkable thing connected with 
 them is the extraordinary ornamentation sometimes seen in 
 the liiud tarsi of the males, which are always different in 
 structure from those of the females. The flies arc^ not often 
 
IMloiilD.i:. 
 
 m 
 
 met witli and may be entirely wantin- even in (M.nsi.lcn.l.le 
 f'olleetion.s of .liptera. Tl.e larva' liv in mushnu.n.s ( /,/.,./- 
 n>s, Lrplot.,). They are flat, oval, with ioint.'.l. threa.j'-likr 
 processes on the shies of the se-ni.-nts. The pnparia are not 
 very different from the larvte. 
 
 TAHLK OF (JKXKHA. 
 
 1. Disc'iil t'l'll j)rc'sfnt. 
 
 Disciil cull wjiiitiiifr; fourth lori.<ritii(lin;il vein fiircat(>. 
 
 I'l.ATVCNKMA ZftttTlStlMl t. 
 
 2. Fourth lotiKitiuliiial vfin sinii)l(.. . Cai i <.mv, . \i • 
 
 iourtii lorifjitudiual vein furcate. . I>r itv... y* \r • 
 
 I i-Ar>i'i-./A .»ii'i<>;»'ii. 
 
 .•>2. 
 
 PHORIIVK. 
 
 Small Ininehbaek-like, nearly bare speci.-s. Hea.l small 
 flattened; face very short, oral openin- lar-e. Front broad* 
 in ooth sexes; oeelli present. Ant.Mnue apparentlv one or 
 two-jomted, the terminal joint roiin.j. with a dorsal'or api<-al 
 bristle. Abdomen rather sliort. narrow<'<l posteriorly; ^inx\- 
 talia of the male often prominent, in the female pr«\iectin..' 
 
 (■oxie elomrate, the fe 
 
 mora more or less, the hind i)air oft 
 
 extraordinarily widened and flattened. \Mn<'s 1 
 
 en 
 
 anterior part with two strons 
 
 n-L'e; on the 
 
 yond the middle, from which thre.> to fi 
 ently arise and run obli(iuel 
 
 veins, reaehin,^: only ii little b 
 
 ve weak veins ni 
 
 The small Hies of thi 
 
 pieiy across tlic win<'' 
 
 )liar- 
 
 back 
 
 ai)j)earance 
 
 and 
 
 ■s small family have a iieculiar. hunch 
 
 leaves, windows, etc. The 1; 
 i'ront than behind, and live in ( 
 
 are observed runni 
 
 w^ about on fallen 
 
 rva' are cylindrical, thi 
 
 nner m 
 
 lead 
 
 1' 
 
 u 
 
 n,i4-i. veo'ctal)les. etc.. and possiblv in 1 
 
 snails. ins(M'ts. decavin 
 
 \y\\\<^ iiist'cts. 
 
 1. F 
 V 
 
 ront ciuircly without hri.stlc; 
 ront with loiiu- hristh 
 
 TAHLK OK (;i:nki{a. 
 
 <iVM\(H'I|(»|!A .Ma( 
 
 '(|uart. 
 
 Miildlc tibia- hcsct with hri.stlcs aloim- tl 
 
 Middle til 
 
 •ia' with few or no luistli 
 
 If OMIfrsidc. '{•lIINKIliA .Mtiocil. 
 
 Ill tl 
 
 (■outer side. I'jioifA l.atreill 
 
fl 
 
 <m; 
 
 NOirni AMKUTCAN DII'TKUA. 
 
 'M 
 
 ■:^l ! 
 
 M use I ]).K 
 
 ( 111 the widest sense). 
 
 Tliis very larL,'e jj^roui), ooiniiioiily known as the Museidti' 
 sens. lat. has been divided into numerous minor groups, wliieh 
 by many di^ttendogists liave been accredited with family rank. 
 The number and limits of these groujis are the subjects of 
 more or less difference of opinion among systematists. The 
 (H)nstant tendency, not only in dijiterology, but in all ento- 
 mology, is to raise the rank of minor divisions with the in- 
 crease of new forms, and most writers on diptera nowadays 
 give the family termination of idti'. to most of the groups 
 of this faniilv or sui)erfamilv. This tcndencv has, however, 
 been carried to an extreme by some recent wi'iters. Whether 
 or not they be (considered as families or subfamilies, matters 
 little so long as it is remembered that the distinctive charac- 
 ters have, in general, less morphological signiticance than 
 among the groups of the Orthorrhapha. 
 
 Brauer divides the group, which he calls Schizojdiora, after 
 lU'cher, into the Eumyiche and Schizometopa, which correspond 
 l»retty well to the old and well established Caly])tratie and 
 Acalyptratie, terms whicii should not, in my ojiinion be dis- 
 })laoed at the option of any systenuitist who (diooses to offer 
 new terms. Nor can I accept the name Schizophora, the well 
 established name of ^luscidas or ]Muscidea, if one wisucs a 
 distiiK^tive ending, is (jiiite as good and more ai)i)ropriate. 
 That the change of limitations in a higher group gives the 
 changer the right to change the names also, has no more force- 
 ful a])])lication here than among the lower grou])S. No one is 
 sustained in rejecting generic names because he modifies the 
 delinitioii of the genus, as must necessarily be the case with 
 nearly every added new sjiecies. 
 
 Tlie following characters will a])ply to the family or supcr- 
 familv ill its eiitiretv : 
 
-MISCIDKA. 
 
 97 
 
 .l/.,,svvVAv/.-^l'n.lH,s,.is fnnctim.al or nuli.n.'iitnrv. ii, th^ lor 
 ^'K'r easo usnully sl.ort and wit). p8eua<.tra..lH.at.." lah.lla l.ut 
 so,n,.tnn,.s Hnn^at.. an.l a-lapt.-d Inr piorM,.^ : pal,,i sonH.tinu-s 
 ■■-li.n.M.tarv, n.vcr jnint.d. Anr.nna. ahvavs thr-.-juint..] 
 tl.otlunl joint simple, roun.l, oval <.r .lon^at... ..nn.pn.ssc.i; 
 HiH always (,.x,.,.pt Cr-jptorhniun,. u-here it is rntin-lv ahsn.t) 
 with a iKuv. puhese.Mit or phnnos.. dorsal or sul.api.-jil arista 
 Auxiliary nviu sometimes nulim.-ntarv, oltcn more or l,>ss 
 coalescent with the tirst longitudinal vein, distinet in its entire 
 course; never more than one sul.mar,inal an.l three posterior 
 oolls present, the marginal and suhmarginal eells awavs open • 
 l.asaleells never large, the second hasal eell sonu-tinies eo- 
 aleseent with the diseal eelh the anal eell present <.r ahs.nt • 
 posterior cross-vein ra.vly absent. I'ulvilli ahvavs present' 
 empodm wanting; elaws of the mah- often large,, than those 
 ot the female. 
 
 Tlu> largest flies are f.mnd among ihe Calvptrata-. espeeiallv 
 the iaehmnUe and Sairoi-hagidu", hut the largest <lo not eoua'l 
 the largest of the Orthorrhapha. Commonlv tl... Hies l.-lon-.- 
 ingtothe Acalyptratie are of mo.h.rate sixe or small oft,'^, 
 indeed minute. The habits are ,.f course verv diverse, but bv 
 iar tne largest number live among rank vegetation/and an- 
 generally (;aught in sweepings. 
 
 The larvce in a few forms are hatchd from the ,..n,s in tlu> 
 body ot the parent fly; the ])U]..'e are al 
 
 contracted, hardened, larval skin, k 
 toj) of whi(di is s 
 
 Ivll 
 
 ways inclosed in the 
 own as the puparium. tlx" 
 
 pning off like a Ihl ]>y the aid of the nfll 
 
 an inflatable organ jmshed out through tl 
 
 />tiinnnii, 
 
 which is charaeteristii; of tl 
 u'ger part of those of the Calyptrat 
 
 II' frontal 
 
 >utur( 
 
 I 
 
 other insects, the (Estridi 
 Mi 
 
 'c group, in their habits, the 
 
 ic are parasitic upon 
 
 c upon warm-blooded animals. 
 
 my of the larva' of the Sarcophagi.la'. Mus.d.he and 
 
 thorny idu' live in d 
 
 or d 
 
 ccomposmg animal matter or in 1 
 
 ecom 
 
 Aoalyptiatie. 
 
 posing vegetable matter as do al 
 
 An- 
 
 iviiig 
 
 so nearly all of tin 
 
 12 
 
1)S 
 
 XOIM'H AMKKICAN DITTEUA. 
 
 In the iirraiigemc'iit of the families, it will be observed that 
 I liave ohaiif^ed the order, plaein,<; the Calyptratie last, an 
 arrangement which 1 believe coincides better with tlie degree 
 of specialization of the insects. 
 
 Very much remains to be done in the study of this wide 
 group, not only in America, but throughout the world. As 
 throughout the order, especial care should be taken in the 
 identihcation of East Indian, Australian and African genera 
 among the forms occurring in Central and South America and 
 the West Indies. In the study of the Calyptratu', esiiecially 
 the Tachinida^, there has been an extraordinary activity during 
 the past few years. I convss myself unable to straighten 
 out the maze in which they seem to be. Professor Townsend 
 has given to them the most and best study and is the best 
 i|uthority we have on their classification. 
 
 TABLE OK FAMILIES. 
 
 1. Toffiilii' larfff; first postt'rior cell narrowed or closed; front of male 
 
 always narrower than that of tlie female. . . . . '2 
 
 Flics without all the above characters. d 
 
 2. Mouth-parts rudimentary or wantinj;. 
 
 Mouth-parts functional 
 
 :>. Arista of antenna; bare or very slijjchtly pubescent. 
 Arista plumose or distinct!}' pubescent, 
 
 CJiSTRioj;. 
 
 Taciiinid.t:. 
 
 1 
 
 4. Arista bare on the distal part; dorsum of abdomen rarely bristly- on the 
 
 anterior part SAitcoiMiAGin.K. 
 
 Arista plumose or puliescent to the tip *") 
 
 T). Dorsum of abdomen bristly; third joint of antenna) usually not elon- 
 gated; legs usually lon^r. Dkxiid.i:. 
 
 Abdominal setfments without l)ristles, except more or less near the tij) ; 
 legs not elongated. Miscid.k sens. str. 
 
 0. Tegulit' large; thorax with a complete transverse suture; first posterior 
 cell*iu'ver narrowed ; front of male narrower than that of the female. 
 
 AxTnO.MYID.Ti. 
 
 *In Gasfro/i/u'lns (^/v.sVnVA/), the first posterior cell is not narrowed and the 
 teguliu are rather sn)all; the genus will be distinguished by the rudimen- 
 tary mouth-parts, 
 
 i!-#i 
 
MUSriDKA. 
 
 '.»!> 
 
 9. 
 
 10. 
 
 I(-uI:r small; eves of inalo not n,oR. approximate.! tliai. those of tlie 
 fc-male, or, if so the narrowing js ,]ue to the less wi.Itl. „f the me-lian 
 stripe, the honk-rs remainiiifr the same (MnsrI,!,, aruh/pirah, , //n/o>,n - 
 'n/Ki ]5raaer). ... 
 
 . Au.xiliary vein j.resent, .listinetly separate.! from the first l..m.Mtu.linal 
 vom, terminatinj; separately in the eosta ; the first I.,nKitiininal vein 
 usually terminates at or l)eyon.I the mi.l.lle of the wing. h 
 
 Auxiliary vein absent, rudimentary or i e.-mplete ; the tirlt lonKitu.iinal 
 vein usually terminates l)efore the mi.l.Ui. of the wiiiir. . . 22 
 
 A .lislinct bristle on either si.le of the face near the oral 
 
 maruin, i. e. 
 
 10 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 12. 
 
 i:}. 
 
 14. 
 
 oral vibrissiu i)resent. 
 No oral vibrissa.' 
 
 Front on tlie sides an.! the vertex with lonjr l)ristles. 
 Bristles confine.! to the vertex or the fr.)iit ))are. 
 
 The .hstanee between the anterior a.i.! posterior cross-veins (on the 
 fourth lonoitu.linal vein) very much less than from the latter to the 
 margin of the wing* i. e. the cross-veins approximated. 
 
 r, I1kT|;I{()NEIUII).«. 
 
 (ross-veins not approximated ^j 
 
 Tliorax flattened; hea.l small; cheeks broad and bristlv, the oral 
 vllirissaj in consequence not marke.liy .lilTerentiate.! ; l.ristly flies. 
 
 1 horax convex ; licad as broa.! or nearly as broa.! as the thorax ; cheeks 
 not markedly bristly ScATo.Mv/m.K 
 
 Ab.lomen elongate, narrowe.l at the base, usuallv cvlindrical an.! ,le- 
 curved posteriorly ; male genitalia usuallv prominent. Si-v^ivv 
 
 Abdomen comparatively short and broad; male genitalia but little or 
 not at all prominent; costa of tiie wings usually bristly. 
 
 IIki,omyzid/T.;. 
 
 Anteniue elongate and porrect; secon.l joint as long or longer than tlie 
 third, the latter usually with an angulated upi)er corner. H 
 
 Antennae not elongated, or, if so, not porrect, tlie secon.l joint alwav. 
 shorter than the tliird, tlie latter usually roun.led at tlie end. ]■, 
 
 Hoad in profile triangular, the face remarkably retreating; hind tibia' 
 with or without a preapical bristle. . . OKrviinr 
 
 Head not triangular in profile, the face ,erpen.!icular or but little re- 
 treating; front with two lateral orbital bristles; hind tibia' witli a 
 preapical bristle (rf^,;<omvW). .... SciOMvziDr 
 
 * The A;;rou,ii,ina- have the cross-vein approximate.!, but the auxiliary 
 vein IS wantinii. 
 
w 
 
 
 loo 
 
 NOirril AMHUICAN J)nTKUA. 
 
 IS 
 
 l'> 
 
 SAl'Ifd.MYZIH.K. 
 
 Scio.Mvzio.i:. 
 
 1'). Kciiiora tliifkciU'il ; liiiid tihiii' iisimlly iiiucli ililatcil jinil with tiilpcrclcs 
 
 oil outer side; hasal cells larf,'e ; first jiosterior cell narrowed; all 
 
 tile tibia' witli jireajiical bristle. . . . Riioi'Ai.omkimd.k. 
 
 Flies without the above characters Id 
 
 I'i. Front bristly on the sides and at tin- vertex 17 
 
 Front bristly at the viTtex only ; tiic auxiliary vein is not steejily in- 
 clined where it joins the costa. 
 
 17. Hind tibia', at least, with a iireajiical bristle. 
 Hind til)iiL' without jireapical bristle. . 
 
 IH. Basal cells of winjis small. ..... 
 
 IJasal cells of wiiijjs of moderate size ami ilistinct. 
 
 1!>. Tosterior basal cells of wiiiirs sniall, the anal eel! never i)rodiieed 
 acutely; a single bristle on each side of the front (/.unclni in<i). 
 
 Sai'uomvzid.i;. 
 
 I'osterior basal cells of wini,'s of moderate size, the third (anal) often 
 
 produced into an acute point. ..... 'I'kvi'ETID/K. 
 
 20. Le<is elon,u:ate, often vi'ry loni^ ; abdomen narrow and lonj:', often niueli 
 
 narrowed at the base. . lil 
 
 Lejjs not el()n<,^ated ; abdomen coniparativel\- short, or, if Ioiilt, not nar- 
 rowed at the base Oktai id.i;. 
 
 21. First ])osterior cell narrowed in the niaririn or closed. MicKOi'ioziD.r.. 
 F^irst posterior cell not narrowed in the marjiin, or but slightly so;* 
 
 jialpi rudimentary or wantinjj. ..... Ski'sid.k. 
 
 22. Eyes inserted at the tiji of lateral processes. . . . Dioi'sid.k. 
 Head not prolonj^'ed into lateral processes. ..... 2;J 
 
 2;5. Hind metatarsi shorter than the followinu' joint, incrassate. Boanoain.i:. 
 Hind metatarsi lonj^er than tlie following joint, not incrassate. . 24 
 
 24. Discal and second basal cells united, the separating cross-vein rudimen- 
 
 tary or wanting; jiosterior cross-vein present.! . . . 2.") 
 Discal cell separated from the second basal cell by a distinct cross- 
 vein, or, if not, the posterior cross-vein also wanting. . . 20 
 
 25, Legs long and slender; abdomen elongate and narrow. Mickopkzid.k. 
 Legs of moderate length, often strong; abdomen ovate or elongate 
 
 elliptical 2<> 
 
 2(1. F'ront bare, or, at the most, bristly at the vertex; third antennal joint 
 
 rounded, or, if elongate, the head triangular in profile. Oscimh.i;. 
 
 Front bristly at least as far as the middle; head never triangular in 
 
 profile - .... 27 
 
 * Compare here the I'sih'dd when there is doubt regarding the auxiliary 
 vein. t The jiosterior cross-vein is wanting in Antiiu {/Jroso/iliiliilc), 
 
 Ellipum-ura {Osrlnidn), J^/ii/lotm/za (Atinniit/ridd). 
 
MrsCIDKA— IJORP.OItlD.lv 
 
 III 
 
 !'S 
 
 •20. 
 
 Anal ..,.11 wholly wMutinj,; fac. u»,al!y hu-. an,l anlu,!. wi,|, „,, 
 
 niouth oixTiinj;- lar^ic. ... F . 
 
 Ff.cc' n„t arrlu.,1. a.i.l the ,M.,utl, ..,K.,nn^ iu.'vct ■vn,arl<al,iy'lar!rr"':!s 
 i\rista loosely and I()iii,r J, hill), )si.. 
 Arista riot jiliiiiiosc, or waiitintr. 
 
 l)|;u<.o|'ilII,I|..i; 
 A(ii;o.Mvzii).i: 
 
 S.-.iu.llmu .lon^.,t.., trian.uM.lar, with prof.h..nnH...s or spines on it. nnr- 
 
 J,^in; leiMora tliickc iici. ,, 
 
 i' lies Without Loth the alx.vc characters. 
 
 •10. Oral vibrissa,' present. 
 
 Oral vibrissa) want 
 
 in<r. 
 
 •"il. Front bare or liristly at tl 
 Front l)ristly at least as f; 
 
 •n 
 
 •Jo 
 
 le V( 
 
 ■rtl'X only {/';,./,/n'/i,i,, ). 
 
 'csterior cro> 
 
 -V( 
 
 (.•ross-vems !ij)i)ro.\iniateiI. 
 
 \r as the middle 
 
 in situated before the middle of tl 
 
 Ski'Siii.t: 
 
 le wiiiL'. 
 
 tl 
 
 U' two 
 
 Post 
 
 erior cross-veins situated 1 
 
 cross-veins not nuu-li ai)pro.\iniated. 
 
 cyoiid the middU' of tl 
 
 A(;i 
 
 <>M VZlD.i; 
 
 I'' win.i;-, the two 
 
 !•■'. Arista liare; body short ami bn.ad ( 
 Arista pubescent or j 
 
 •'^4. Arista witl 
 
 Milirhhiu). . .\i\\U 
 
 dumose, or, if bare, the alxlomen elon'^at 
 
 >Mv/ii»,i: 
 
 M 
 
 1 a few lomr hair 
 
 Arista tliicklv short 
 
 •s. mostly on the up{)ersi(!e. 1) 
 
 jdumose, i)ul>escent or bare 
 
 Posterior basal and the anal cell of consid 
 
 ItOSOI'llII.lD.K 
 
 (iiX).Mv/n).i; 
 
 I'oste 
 
 rior basal and the anal cell small and ind 
 
 crable size, distinct. 
 
 o(i. Front bristly on the sid( 
 
 Front bristly at the vertex only, or 1 
 •57. Silvery white or whitisl 
 
 istinct. 
 
 ItVI'KTrO.K. 
 
 )are 
 
 Psi 
 
 I.ID.K 
 
 1 ^Tay sjiecies, with 
 
 antennal joint usually an<rulated on th 
 
 unspotted wiii<;s; third 
 
 Ileddish veil 
 
 ow or l)rownish red species, oft 
 
 uj)i)er anjrie. Ac.uomvzid.k. 
 
 third antennal joint rounded at tl 
 
 en with spotted wi 
 
 le tij) 
 
 ( 
 
 mjfs 
 
 ii:OMV/II»,K 
 
 33. ]U)K]5()1MI\t:. 
 
 Moderately large to small, black, l.rowii or ol.soi.roly yel- 
 lowish flies, having a quick, short flight. Ifea.l heinisi.herieal • 
 face obtusely earinate in the middle; vibriss.-e present; front 
 broad, usually bristly. Antennte short; third j<,int rounded 
 the arista bare or ].ubeseent. Second segment of the abdomen 
 with a transverse depre.ssion: genitalia sometimes moderately 
 
Hrj 
 
 SOUTH AMKKICAN DII'THKA. 
 
 l>r()iiiiuL'iit. Willie's absent in Apti-rinn ; auxiliary vein al)S('nt ; 
 all throe i)asal cells ('oin})lete. Le.ijs iiuxleratt'ly long and 
 strong; liind metatarsi dilated and ablni'viated. 
 
 The flies of this family are almost invariably i'ound aliowl 
 decomposing oi-ganic matter. Those Ixdonging to the gen- 
 era Unr/ioriis and Sjiliiiriii'i'rn are observed often in ch mds 
 about dung and sewage, where their larva; live. The small 
 flies of the genus Llnujsinti are observed about marshy places 
 in company with P^phydrids. 
 
 The hirvie of J!orhonis are cvlindrical and conical, with 
 the skin roughened by erect, minute bristles; the antenme are 
 two-jointed, the mouth-hooklets developed. The posterior 
 end has (r nical processes near the anus, and smaller tubendes 
 about the spir.'icles ; in Lhtio.sina the hind stigmata are elon- 
 gated into a tube. The hirvie of Limosinu live in alga', fungi, 
 diseased ])otatoes, etc. 
 
 TABLE OF r.KNKllA. 
 
 1. Winploss species. 
 
 Wind's fully developed. 
 
 ArTEiMNA Macquart. 
 
 2. Fourth and fifth longitudinal veins incomplete heyond the discal cell, 
 
 not reaching the l)order Li.mosina Macquart. 
 
 F\)urth vein at least, fully developed o 
 
 ;}. Scutelluni with well-developed bristles; the fifth vein incomplete heyond 
 
 the discal cell li kuoki s Meigen. 
 
 Scutelluni without l)ristles ; fifth vein complete. Si'u.kkoceu.* Latreille. 
 
 34. AGROMYZID.E. 
 
 Front broad, with or without bristles. Antenna^ sh()rt. the 
 third joint usually rounded, sometimes moderately (don gate, 
 or subquadrate ; oral vibrissa; })resent, or absent. Arista 
 wholly wanting {Cvijptorhivtuvt) or, when present, bare or pu- 
 bescent; never distinctly plumose. Genitalia rarely promi- 
 nent. Wings broad; auxiliary vein rudimentar}' or indistinct. 
 never distinctly separated in its whole length from the first 
 
A(Jl{()MVZn)vK. 
 
 'o; 
 
 ■^"IDCtillK 
 
 •■s <'oii(lii»'iir with th 
 
 I'tii'^Mtu.liiial vein; (lisc;il (-(.11 
 
 .liscal ,...11 (rn,j.f„rh„fu,„. AularU/asfn'), l^.s^-rinr .niss- vriu 
 
 s<UlH.t,nu^s^^^uUiI.u•(/7.y.,y,_y;;,,); ;n,;n..,.n iuvs.nr: ,.rnss-vr 
 olt(.ii imi(.li ai.[.r<)xiiiiatc(i (A-n.iiiy/ina.). 
 
 Tl.is la. .lily .,f small or luinul." Hirs,. as hwv .Irtiur,]. in..lu.los 
 
 tli." A-n.i.iyzma., Mili.-lii,,;,- and O.-rhiphili,,;,. of Scliin..,- tl... 
 
 A:.n.inyzi.lu. aii.l I'hyt.miy/i.la' ,.1' \.ov^v. Tlu- ..roup is 
 
 suim.u-hat .litlicult to .iHin. i.. su.-l, u uav tl.at the ncvi... will 
 
 always U-A sun- of his d.-t.-nninatinns. Fnuu th.. Dn^sophi- 
 
 l><la'(<.ratl,.astt.lu' known American si-ccirs) it will h,. .Hs- 
 
 tin-„ish..,l In- the non-pluincs,. arista. From tlu- Kphylrid.. 
 
 Aulm-ijasf.'r-.xua Cn/ptorhui,,,,, will Ih- distin-uislnMl " hv tin' 
 
 pivscn,.,. of a distinct anal cell. Fn.m tlu- O..Mn,v/ida." it is 
 
 .limcult to di.stin^niish ,s,m... of th," o,.n..ra, csjKriallv of th.. 
 
 Mili(dnn;eand O.-hthiphilina'. The student wouhl hest eon 
 
 suit the table of that family in eas..s of douht. JUnmor.^. 
 
 Loew IS not included in the table: ] can not d.dine it. 
 
 The larvib of J'h>jf.n,>i/r:n are usually leaf miners. TJie hir- 
 
 »'i(ro 
 
 vtes of L 
 
 have been found in tl 
 of ./ 
 
 qiis feed upon plant-li 
 M' 1,'alls of Trlt 
 
 '/vow!/r:n are elliptical in slia])e, the liind sti 
 
 ; those of (h-l,t/,!j,/r,la 
 iri/w ri'jinis. The larva' 
 
 upon snuill, rounded plates on the under side of the 1 
 
 niata situated 
 
 ment : tl 
 
 le 
 
 foun 
 abdomen 
 
 8t.<' 
 
 bristles. The larvae of L 
 
 IS })rovided with false 1 
 
 (..us, 
 
 ist 
 
 witliout 
 
 euro 
 
 >pis are eylindrieal. thicker j 
 
 teriorly, the skin roughened with short hairs- 1 
 
 lOS- 
 
 ongate, tube-like and widely separated; th 
 
 like, or like the geometric! 1 
 
 nnd stigmata 
 •y creep leech- 
 
 irva' 
 
 TAIJLE OF GKXEKA 
 
 1. Posterior cross-vein absent; oral vibrissa^ j.rcscnt (/'Ayo,..:/..). 
 
 TV,.* • . PiiVTOMVZA Fallen 
 
 I osterior cross-vein present. 
 
 2. Posterior cross-vein situate.! before the n.i.ldle of the win.^, the two 
 cross-venis approximate.!. 
 Posterior cross-vein at or !.eyon,l the n.i.MIe .'.f the win.s the two'c.s,'.' 
 veins not approxiiiKite.l ; arista iiare. 
 
w 
 
 I 
 
 in 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 NC'jril AMERICAN DH'TKRA. 
 
 ':l-f 
 
 St'coiiil liiisiil ci'Il as loiiff or but littlu sliortiT tlum llu' first. 
 
 l*iiVT(»\iv/A Fallen 
 
 Sccoiid hasal cell distinctly sliorttT tliaii tln' first {A'/iyjimr-i"")- 
 
 \ 
 
 \. First i)oste'ri()r cell iiarrowoil at tlu' iiiarj:iii. 
 
 Li;i<iMv/.A .Mi'iuc: 
 
 F'irst posterior <'cil not narrowed at the inaiuin, tlie third and t'oiirth 
 longitudinal veins nearly parallel. ......'> 
 
 i"). Third antennal joint terniinatiiiu' in a spiny jioiiit. 
 
 Ckwatomvz.v Scliiiier. 
 Third antennal Joint does not ti'rniinate in a spiny point. . . li 
 
 '). Third anteinial joint roundeil, of moderate size.* Aouo.mv/.a F'allen. 
 Third antennal joint very larjxe, sulKpiadrate in shajie. 
 
 I'livi.i.oMV/.A Fallen. 
 
 7. Second basal cell united with tiu> discal cell s 
 
 Second basal cell sei)aratcd from the discal cell l)y a sm;>.!! t ross-vi'in. 1' 
 
 H. Arista wliollv wantiuLr. 
 
 CiiYi'iorii.KTi M Ronda 
 
 m. 
 
 Arista pri'sent, bare; cross-veins ri'mote, the antt'rior oiu' situated inai 
 
 the basi' of thi' w 
 
 iiu 
 
 Ari.ACKi.iSTKK .Mac(iuart. 
 
 0. Oral vibrissa' present; abdomen short and broad {MilirliiiKt). 
 
 1(1 
 
 Oral vibrissa' waiitinj;-; the abdomen elonfrate oval (< h-liiliiplillimi). 1: 
 
 10. Costa with a ileep ii' ision before the tip of the first ve 
 
 in. 
 
 Costa not with such an incisioi 
 
 Lonioi'TDKA Waldbera'. 
 11 
 
 1 1. Kyes round ; niesonotum witli bristles in the middle. Mii.ichia Meipeii. 
 Eyes oval; inesonotum with bristles on the sides only. 
 
 (^ACOXENtS Loi'W. 
 
 OciiTiiiriiii.A Meiiren. 
 Li-L'coiMs Meiifcn. 
 
 12. Front with lonix bristles on the sides. 
 F'n'iit witiiout bnstU's on the sides. 
 
 ;jr.. GKoMYznvE. 
 
 Ifoiul ronndod ; face usually with vihrissti'; front broad, 
 bristly bolow tho vertex. Antenna' sh- I't, the third joint 
 round or a little elongated, with a b;ire. ])iibes(!ent o)' j)lnniose 
 arist;i. Wings comparatively long; anxiliary vein nidinien- 
 ttiry ; ])osterior basal cell and tlu' anal cell present. 
 
 * 'I'hc penus J>i snnniichiiKi Loow has never bi'cn described, but will be 
 iiu'luded in Ai/r<iiiii/:(i ; I do not know it. 
 
(JKOMYZIIM:— OSCIXIDyTv 
 
 10") 
 
 1(1 
 
 Tliis-n.ui.. as Iht,. .iHi.u'.l, includes the (i.M„nv/i.la. an.l 
 OpoinyzKlH. an.l a j.art cf tlu' }[et,T..n,Miri,la. ..f L.hmv Tl,,. 
 ■nsrrts in,-lu,lr,l in it an- always small, and Mmu-tin.rs minut. 
 1 iH' larva' ni tlu.s,- r,.\\- sp.M-irs o. whicli t),,. hiilnts arc known 
 live ,n the sterns of various plants. Tlic Hn's are almost al- 
 ways canj^lit witli the heatin,-,' net. 
 
 TAHI.K OF (iKXKHA. 
 1. Orni viliriss;i> iircsciit. 
 
 < >ral x\hv\ss:v wniitii.^r ..r indistinctly (Jitrcn.ntii.tci from hairs. '. 7 
 
 ^. WiM^switl,..ris,K.sainn.tlK.n.sta: l.ristlcs of antcnm. plun.os. ; sc- 
 ond hasal cell confliu.nt with the iliscal ci'll. 
 
 ,M. , . <^'' "TONOTi M* Mac'duart 
 
 i' lies not iiavin^r thi- ahovc characters. . . .'. 
 
 ;;■ ('"stai vein contirn.ous al,o„t the win^s; winjis uith n.arkini^s ; posterior 
 ero.ss-y..,n very ohli.iue: arista puhes<.ent. IIktkko.mhoa S.^hiner 
 I'Ues not iiavinu- the above characters '. 
 
 4 
 
 4. Mesonotn.n l.ristly in the tniddle on the ,.osterior part oniv 
 
 -Mesonot.un hristly in the n.iddh. on the front; arista pe,.th,ate on the 
 upl)er .side. . . , ' ' 
 
 nAi.nn'Ti.K.v I.oew. 
 
 A. rnder side of the front femora with l.risth-iike.spines or str.mj, hristh.. • 
 
 arista pubescent 
 
 Front femora vvit:„M,t snch bristh^s ; 'front with onJ proHimUe ami onl! 
 -l.var.cate bristle ,m each si.le. . . . I),.,stata Meiod. 
 •!. Secotid lonoitadi.ial vein He.xuou.s. . . . Uvusumv,, Loew 
 
 SccoiHl lon.>tndinal vein not fle.xno,.,.. . . Av,„<>,,v/... Falle.K 
 
 7. Oeeiput flattened ;win.s spotted ( )..omv/.. Fallen 
 
 '''••••put ...nvcx; win.us not spotted. . S,.vP,M.:,,r.A I{. IVsvohlv.' 
 
 oO. OSCIXID^E. 
 
 Small, bare species. Head h,>mispherical. luce usually yrv- 
 |"-^1 ". profile; oral lumler usually without vihris.sa- ; 'fronf 
 ''■•<.a,.l. fl ,t, ,sometim,.s with l.risth-s at the vertr.x. Ant.^nn.- 
 usually short: thir.l joint usually round,«d. Ab.lon.en ovate 
 
 eratelv or verv 
 
 "1- Hliptical; genitalia hidden. Wim-s mod 
 
 This yeiiiis belont 
 
 more properly witli the Drosophilid! 
 1;] 
 
mt 
 
 w 
 
 106 
 
 NOKTII AMKUICAN DIITERA. 
 
 fit 
 
 sliort; no iiuxiliary vein ; third and t'ourtli lons^-itudinal voiiis 
 parallel or divei'i^ont; posterior basa' united with the diseal 
 eell ; anal cell wholly wanting or rudimentary. Legs short; 
 I'eniora sometimes thi(tkened ; tibiie without preapical bvi.tle. 
 This group of flies is always sure to be represented by nu- 
 nun-ous specimens and spe<'ies in any collection of diptera. 
 The tlies are very common and are collected in large numbers 
 by the sweei)-net, from rank growing grass and mead(jwlands. 
 Tlie larvt,e of several species of Osclnis have been bred from 
 wheat, barley, oats, rye and grass stems and FJinirj mites : 
 those of Osritits have similar habits; larvte of Sij)hon<;lln from 
 ('irniiini, etc. The larva' are thick, cylindrical, with stout 
 mouth-ho(jklets ; abdomen with fleshy protuberances for loco- 
 motion ; the anteiuue two-jointed. 
 
 TAHLE OF GENKKA. 
 
 1. Ili'iid protluci'd t'onicnlly in front, the aiiti'iiiia' I'lonfrato. 
 
 ECTKCEI'IIALA Miic(iuart. 
 Head not produced (!onically ; antt'nn,T not oloIl<,^'^to, ... 2 
 
 2. The co.stal vein roaclu'!* to the tip of tlic third lonixitiulinal vein. . :'. 
 'I'ho costal vein reaches to the tij) of tiie fourth h)nffitudinal vein. '» 
 
 ;i. No posterior cross-vein; first three lonjiitudinal veins recurved. 
 
 Ef.mi'Onki KA Loew. 
 Posterior cross-vein present. 4 
 
 4. Hind feujora niucli tliickened Mkhomv/a Mei^cn. 
 
 Hind femora not thickened; niesonotiun usually with stri;;; ;. 
 
 Ciii.oHoi'S Meitj;en. 
 
 T). Ovipositor liorny, suhulate Oi-ktioimkiua Loew. 
 
 Ovipositor not horny and suhulate 
 
 (i. Antenna' with a thickened, i)orrect. style like arista. 
 
 Ei.Acnn'TKHA .Macqunrt. 
 Antennit' with the usual hare, jjuhescent or rarely jduinose arista. 7 
 
 7. Oral niarfjin of the face i)roduci'd ; proboscis often elonifate and fohh'd 
 l)ack. ...... Sii'MONKM.A Maccjuart. 
 
 Oral marfrin not produced. ........ X 
 
 H, Third joint of the antenna' renifonn, with a subterniinal, short-])luMi()se 
 
 arista. , . Gai uax I,( ew. 
 
 Third antennal joint rounded or oval '.• 
 
DKOSOI'IIIIJD.K. 
 
 1«>7 
 
 !». Hind til.ia> with a?i clonuatrd, curved sdu 
 i^iitcd and folded Iiac'k. 
 Hind tihia' uitlidiit sjmr. 
 
 pur: i)r()l)i)scii5 sonictinics dnn- 
 
 Hii'PKi.vris Locw. 
 
 "-^•'iNis Latrcilk.. 
 
 10 
 1 
 
 .•57. ])I{()S()]>}riLIl).K. 
 
 Eyos not, prominent; Uwv vrrtiml in profil,-. witi, vihri.s-,. 
 at tho oral nnu-in, s.nn.'tinn.s uvak. Front with bristles ,t 
 the vertex, not reaching l.eyon.l the nmhlh.; nsuallv hu.- 
 linrd joint of the anteinnu oval or ronn.le.I. the arista „ln. 
 .nose or pectinated* Alxlouieii usn;,l]y short and hroa.l, the 
 
 l^'onitaha not prominent. Auxiliary vein riulini.'ntary ; first 
 on.^ntu.linal vein short, not reaching more than a third of the 
 
 length of the wing; posterior l.asal cell united or not with tl. 
 
 •liscal cell; anal cell usually present; posterior eross-veii 
 
 sometimes wanting. 
 
 The species in this family are invarial.lv small, of rather a 
 P nnip app.virance, giving a feeling of eohlmss to th.- hirers 
 when grasped; the bristles of th." head and legs are general] v 
 conspicuous, but the liies are without pile. The Hies are often 
 c^aughtin beating and some species are es„eciallv abundant 
 about decomposing, fermenting fruit, often observeil in clouds 
 iMdlowmg Scdiiner, I include in this family J,fria and AVy.^ 
 /o.sm, which are consider..! as representatives of a distii.ct 
 tamily by Loew. The student will sometimes have diJHculty 
 m deculmg whether his specimens .should be located \wvo or 
 among the Ephydrida. so closely do the two familic-s run 
 together, 
 
 TABLE OF (iMNKUA. 
 I. Discal and second hasal celts 
 Diseal and seeond basal eell^ 
 
 unite(l. 
 separated 
 
 \ 
 
 2. Posterior tr 
 
 Tost 
 
 iuisverse vein wantnitr, 
 
 eri( 
 
 )r transverse vein j.resent. 
 
 AsTr.iA .Miiuen 
 
 * The plumose or peetinated arista is eharaetcristir of the known Atnori- 
 <'an Ki'nera hut is not a farniiv <haraet,.r. 
 
w^ 
 
 1(»S 
 
 NOIM'II AMKinCAN DUTKKA. 
 
 ;J. Anal roll jtri'Sfiit. 
 Anal cell wanting. 
 
 Si(;.\i,()i:ss.\ Locw. 
 
 t. I'!v('s proininciit ; \vin.ifs strai,uht. .... riiouTicA SchiiuT. 
 
 I\vi's not jtntiiiini'nt ; wiiiys usually appearing; as tlHUiuli hrcikiii ami 
 
 bent (lownwanl ; larger si/,cil spi'cics. . Stkcana Mciuin. 
 
 ."). Costa ilistinctly hiistly ; aii.\iliary vi'in distinct in its jtro.xiinal i)art. 
 
 ('i;i;t()\<)Tim .Mactiuart. 
 Costa not l»ristiv . Diiusoi-iiii.A Kalkii. 
 
 I .'. 
 
 ;!s. KriivDiUD-i:. 
 
 Faco more or less, oi'ton ri'iiiark:il)lv coiivi^x. AiitciniiP 
 
 >hort 
 
 first joint sill 
 
 all 
 
 ai 
 
 iteiuial arista hare or ))iil)('S('eiit or 
 
 pectinated on the upper side. Oral eavity rounded, usually 
 large; cly])eus distinet, in some eases retraete(l into the or;il 
 cavity, in others prominent. Ahdonien of variahle Torm, com- 
 
 |)ose( 
 
 1 of 
 
 six segments in the males, seven in the females, 
 sexual organs usually retracted. Auxiliary vein coalescent 
 for tiie most part with the first longitudinal vein, distinct 
 only at its proximal end; second basal cell confluent with tlie 
 discal cell, the small vein separating them entirelv absent, or 
 scarcely visible ([)resent in ('(intnw Hal. only); anal (ell im- 
 perfect and small (distinct in Cnndccy^ aluhe snudl. 
 
 The Hies of this family are never large, often small or even 
 minute. The greater number of the species are itduibitants 
 of wet places, about marshy ground, meadows, etc. They are 
 always thinly pilose or i)are spi'cies, and never with bright 
 cudors. Tlie exceedingly large head and mouth of some spe- 
 cies are very ohtiracteristic, but in others this character is not 
 so apparent and there is sometimes difficulty in sejiarating the 
 genera from those of the I)roso])hilidie. The hirvie of many 
 forms are very peoidiar. resiunbling tlie rat-tailed larva' of the 
 Syrphida' in many cast's. Thi^ mouth, however, always lias 
 hooklets and the "tail" is i'orked at the end. The larvie of 
 species of Niitipliiht have been found in the stems of water 
 plants; those of lli/<h'i'H}<i in the saji u{ trees, in the jiaren- 
 
KriivDinD.K 
 
 I ( >!) 
 
 el 
 
 iviiia () 
 
 ftl 
 
 10 l( avt's () 
 
 1' Z 
 
 I'm II 
 
 of r>'/;„a, Piii'iiili'd and Enliiiil 
 
 'I. on .\Hs)H(i jildiifiiij,,, v\v.: tl 
 
 (ISC 
 
 t<>ivst arc the lialiits of the hirva' of 
 
 l>/ii/(lrii 111 water. Of especial iii- 
 
 f 
 
 various /'JjiJii/ilnr. as tli 
 
 oilow 
 
 iii,L,^ account related to the writci' hy Ti-of. AV. 11. 1 
 
 ^vill shdw : -The waters of Lake Moi 
 
 liave a nauseous taste, and when si ill th" lake 1 
 
 >rewer 
 
 lo ai-e clcai', 
 
 riri/ neavv 
 
 of oil and is not easilv disturlx-d. Tj 
 
 uis a 
 
 look 
 
 as 
 
 le water f<'el slippery to 
 
 the touch, and will wash -rease from the haiuls or from clo'tl 
 
 cold, 
 
 les 
 
 more rcadilv than comi 
 
 lion soap-suds will wlien hot. It 
 
 swarms with 
 
 IS said that no fish or reptile lives in it. hut it 
 countless millions of larva' that dev(dop int 
 upon the surface of tli 
 the immedicte shore. 
 
 p into flies which rest 
 
 e water, as well as cover evervtl 
 
 11 U'j' on 
 
 Th 
 
 le nuiiihers and (piantities of the 
 
 Hies and larva- are absolutely incredihle. They drif 
 la'aps alon- the shore and InuHlmls »f hiishrlsvinM 1 
 
 se 
 
 lectcd. Tliev onlv 
 
 t up in 
 
 )e col 
 
 then Indians come fi'iuii f; 
 
 ^row at certain seasons of the v 
 
 The 1 
 
 ear. and 
 r and near to i^'athei' them for food. 
 
 irva' o 
 
 r jaipa- are dried in the sun. the sludl ruhbed off 1 
 
 hand, when a ytdh-wish keriad (pupa) like a 
 grain of rice app-ars. This i-' oil 
 
 )V 
 
 unpleasant to the taste, and under tl 
 
 (so pronounced) forms a very important articdc of ln,,d. Th 
 
 small yellowish 
 
 y. very nutritious, and not 
 
 le name ol' Icoit-rJnih-livi' 
 
 India 
 
 lis -ave me some of it; it does not tast( 
 
 c oadlv. and. il 
 
 one were ignorant of its origin, it would nial 
 
 vc nice sou]i. ' 
 
 Another species, Eph,j,Jra hinns. is found in e(pially girat 
 quantities in Lake Texcoco, near the city of Mexico, and Pro- 
 less(u- Penafiel has given the writer the following not.'s con- 
 cerning them : 
 
 ^'It is of the eggs of this insect that the greater i)art <.f 
 what is known as Aliuatle is composed and which is now used 
 by the nativ.'s. who have preserved the customs of the anci-ut 
 Azt(>cs. Th(> eggs are (deaned and ground into Hour, and are 
 P'vpared i,y mixing with luurs eggs and fried with fat int., 
 small cakes. The larva' are also used for b.od under the 
 name of I'u.ri." 
 
no 
 
 XOirril AMEKICAN DirTERA. 
 
 Ml: 
 
 TAliLE OF GKNEHA. 
 Second joint of the antennic with a short spinous hristlo at the anterior 
 
 upper end . . . li 
 
 Second joint of antenna? without a s{»inous bristle at the anterior end. s 
 
 The costal vein reaches to the tip of the third lonuntudinal vein. 
 The costal vein reaches to tlie tip of the fourth lonffituilinal vein. 
 
 4 
 
 ;). Tip of the abdomen in the male with eIon<;ated bristles. 
 
 Dicii-KTA Mei^'^en. 
 Tip of the abdomen in the male without elonj^ated 1)ristles. 
 
 NoTiriiii.A Fallen. 
 
 4. Abdomen broad. ...... Discomy/a Mii^en. 
 
 Abdomen not l)road. .....,...;') 
 
 T). Face on the uijjter jtart tlat or trently convex, not carinate; third joint 
 of the antennie oval. ...... I'siLOfA Falhn. 
 
 Face distinctly carinated above. .......(! 
 
 (>. Cheeks ii;'.rrow ; eyes long. .... Cr.ASioi'.v Stenhanuner. 
 Cheeks broad, eyes round. ........ 7 
 
 7. Clypeus i)rominent. ..... Aktiivkogi.ossa Loew. 
 
 (^lypeus projectinjf but little beyond the oral marj^in. 
 
 Hkcamkdk Ilalliday. 
 
 8. Middle tibite with several long bristles e.xteriorlv. I'akammxa Loew. 
 Middle tibije without lon<f bristles I'Xteriorly. ....!) 
 
 0. Oral openinjr small; eyes usually pubescent (////</(7 ///»"). . . 10 
 Oral opening large {Kiihudrinn) - . . Id 
 
 10. J .'ont femora thickened .11 
 
 Front femora not thickened. 1:.' 
 
 11. Front femora much thickened; first posterior cell narrowed attlu' bor- 
 
 der of the wing. ...... 0( Tiii:uA Latreilh'. 
 
 Front femora moderately thickened; third and fourth veins j)aralK'l 
 (West Indies) Ociitiikkoidka Williston. 
 
 12. Eyes thickly but short pubescent. Hyduki-lia Desvoidy. 
 Eyes sparsely i)ul)escent or bare. ....... b") 
 
 1.'5. Sides of the face wholly without bristles. IIvadina Ilalliday. 
 Sides of the face with ])ristles It 
 
 14. Eyes wiiolly bare . . . lo 
 
 Eyes sjmrsel^ pubescent; clypeus hidden. rniLnvciUiA Stcnhammer. 
 
 15, Clyj)eus jn-ojecting; anterior i)art of mesonotum without l)ristles. 
 
 I'Ki.iNA Ilalliday. 
 Clypeus liidden; anterior part of the mesonotum with bristles. 
 
 1'ki.omyia Williston. 
 
4 
 
 111 
 
 17 
 IH 
 
 DIOI'SID.K—SKI'SID.K. 
 
 1'!. <"ly])(Mis jironiiiu'iit. 
 C'lypi'us liiddfti. 
 
 17. TlH- ostal vein r,,icl.,.s to fhr tl.ir.l I..n.t,ntu.Iinal wm. 
 
 ItH. costal vc.M r.a.hosto tl.c tip of tlu. fourth lon.uitu.Iinal v.i„. 
 
 I'AinnuA Sti'iiliaiimior. 
 IS. Claws almost straight ; p„lviiii i.ulisti.u.t. . . K,„,„„, ,.,„^,,, 
 
 Claws curvtMl ; pulvilli .iistiiict. . / 
 
 1!>. Oral hor.liT quite l.art'. ,.,. ,,,,., 
 
 n„„i II,,.. H.VTiiKA Hal ( av. 
 
 Oral l)or(kT with bristles. 
 
 -0. Arista puheseeiit. c 
 
 Arista iH'ctinateil. 
 
 ( .i:.\iA Desvoidv. 
 
 SPS 
 ) 
 
 .'51). i)r()]»sriKK. 
 
 Small spoo.ics. TTead pn.]„„n-o,l into two lateral pro.oss.. 
 l)eat.n.,.thooyos; frot.t bristly on tho uppor part onlv; nc 
 vibrissa" on the bor.Ier of the month. Front femora thiekene.l 
 Auxiliary vein much approximated to the first h.nmtu.linal 
 vein. 
 
 _I5ut a single species of this family, Sp/n/nnrjMa /^rrnror- 
 ms Say, ,s known from Xorth America, an.l it will be easily 
 onongh reeognized by the singular eve-stalks. The habits 
 whether of the adult or larval stage are not known, nor are 
 they known of any other memlnM- of the family, so far as I 
 am aware. 
 
 40. ,sp:psiix/1{ 
 
 littl 
 
 Head rounded; front bristly above- f 
 
 e retreating; border of tl 
 
 ; tiiee perpendienlar or 
 
 or without vibrissa- prol 
 usually short. Abd 
 
 )osei 
 
 prominent. Auxiliary vein present or al 
 
 le mouth more or less hairy, with 
 s short; antenme not porreet, 
 )ase; hypojiygiuni 
 
 omen narrow(Ml at the 1 
 
 cells distinct. Middle til 
 out preai)ical biisth 
 
 )ia' with 
 
 ).st'iit; all the basal 
 
 spurs; tibia' usuallv with 
 
 The flies Ix-h 
 
 'iiging to this family 
 
 ■■uv usually small, black 
 
112 
 
 Xnirni AMKIIICAN DIITEKA. 
 
 %■ 
 
 iuid t'longatcd, with tlic alxloiiicn narrowed at the l)as('. thick- 
 ened and curved downward tow.ird the cxtroniity ; with trans- 
 ]»arent, irrich'sccnt wing, \isually liyaline. Init oltcn with a s]iot 
 or sjtots toward tin* eiuh and are usually ohscrvcd about decay- 
 ing vegetabh'S, excrement, (dieese. ham. etc.. often in swarms. 
 The flies fur the greater part, run aliout activtdy and are (|uick 
 in fliglit. Tlie best known are the sixM-ies of I'lopJiUii. the 
 
 L 
 
 irva^ o 
 
 f wl 
 
 ncli are so wt 
 
 dl k 
 
 nown as ''(dieese-mites 
 
 Tl 
 
 lesc 
 
 larvte live in cliee.se, in ham or bacon, or in general in any 
 fatty material, and often do nuudi damage, being esjx'cially 
 troublesome in ))ork-packing establisliments. From the jiecu- 
 liar power of leaping possessed by the maggots they are often 
 called "ski2)pers"; the act is ])erformed by the larvie seizing 
 with its extended mouth-hooklets the edge of the i)osterior 
 truncature of tlie body and then suddenly releasing it while 
 pulling hard. The larva» are sonnnvhat conical. pointe(l 
 anteriorly, truncated behind, and about Ave millimeters in 
 length. They are shining and smooth ; the antenna- composed 
 of two equally long joints; the nu)uth booklets separated, 
 short and divergent; the anterior spiracles whitish, the ab- 
 dominal legs i'ou!>-iiened, the anal seirment with four fleshy 
 
 })rotTil 
 
 )erances. 
 
 r 
 
 u])arium e 
 
 llil)ti 
 
 c, ruijose. 
 
 TAHLK OF (iKNEHA. 
 
 1. Head (loprosscd ; antenna' elongate. 2 
 
 Head not dejjressed; aiUennap not reacliing bevond the oral inaruin. o 
 
 2, Second joint of anteniue elongate, third oval. I'rociivmza Walker. 
 
 Second joint short, third elongate. 
 
 Tvi.oMViA (iiglio-'I'os. 
 
 •"5. Auxiliary vein distinct; i)ali)i rudimentary (Nry.s/'/K'). . 
 Auxiliary vein indistinct or wanting (I'liijihiUntt). . 
 
 4. Front tVniora of the males with lultiTcles on the lowirside, 
 
 Front femora of male withoiU tuhiTc'es l»elo\ 
 
 Ski'sis Fallen 
 Nkmoi'od.v Desvoidv 
 
 Face elongate and truncate; ant-like in ai)i)earance. ("'kimiama Meigen. 
 Face not elongate and truncate, but rounded. .... 'I 
 
MICIIOI'KZID.K, 
 
 113 
 
 <!. Winjrs with a l.ln.-kish spot at tlu. tip; antenna, rcarlm,.- ,u,„Iv to tl)e 
 oral iiiaririii. . ,, ' " 
 
 Winn's whollv livalinc. 
 
 MVCKTAII.I S Lo(.\v. 
 
 .. rohoscis lonj: an.! .W;uUt, tl.. lahdla fol,!,.,] hack. Ma,„/v FalK... 
 Irohosc.is short. tl>e iah.lla not l-oi,!..! hackwanl; .Toss-vdt.s of .h. 
 "'""^■'''•'•'■"■^'""'""' I'M.n.u.v Kalh.n 
 
 41. MK'IIOI'KZIJLK. 
 
 Front br<.a<l, bristly „„ the upi.er j.art. Fa.-e retr.-atin<^ in 
 ])rolile. sometimes very much so. Ai.tenme sliort or elon-ate 
 porrect. Ab.lcmen elongate ; genitalia in the male somet^n.es 
 very large and comi.lieated. Wings large; auxiliary vein 
 present or not; anal eell always present: second bas^al eell 
 closed, exeei,t in Jl/n-oj.,,,,. Logs long; tibia- without nreaoi- 
 eal bristh>, ' 
 
 The larva- and their habits of this group are unkt.own. 
 ilu' llies are usually of eonsiderable size and slender or very 
 slendfM-. Avith very long legs. 
 
 'I'ABLK OK GI:NK1{A. 
 
 l.TI.inlan,! fourth v.ins parallel 'JVPANruA FaUcn. 
 
 i I'.n an.i fourth veins not parallel, th. first i.ostc-rior cdl narrowul or 
 
 I'losod. 
 
 '■i. Third antcnnal joint more or less elongated. 
 'I'liinl arui'unal joint rounded. 
 
 ■■:. AiUennal arista aj.ieal and hare (West In. lies, ( 
 
 Ant 
 
 I'lmal arista dorsal and jdiiniose (CVn 
 
 •i- Anxiiiarv 
 
 «'ntral and S. Aineriea). 
 Xi;i:iis Sehiner. 
 tral and South America). 
 ('aim)I.\< KpiiALA Mac«niart. 
 
 ven. wantin-; second hasal cell and tlie «liscal cell united. 
 
 Au.xil 
 
 lary ve^u jires.nt ; second hasal eell 
 
 Mi<'i;<>i'i;/A Mei 
 
 tren. 
 
 complete 
 
 rit 
 
 lit 
 
 inuUe atul penultimate sections of the fourtl 
 li'ii,t;th; aiuil cell larye. . 
 
 muite section of the fourtl 
 M'ction; anal cell smal 
 
 1 ein of nearly e(|ual 
 Caloiiata Meiireti. 
 
 1 vein twice the len.ytli of the penultimate 
 
 'I"anvi'i:/a Fallen. 
 14 
 
w 
 
 i 
 
 14 
 
 Noinil AMKIMCAN DIl'IKi; A. 
 
 41'. i'silidj:. 
 
 Front bristly on tlic iii)i»('r [tart ; broad, l-'acc jtrriii'iKtica- 
 lar or sonu'what retreatini.,' in profile, witliont vibrissa'. An- 
 tenna' niodcratt'lv or verv lon.u;'. dccunibcnt. Abdonit-n rather 
 slender; male i;'enitalia bnt little jironiinent, the oviduct 
 usually elonti-ate. \\'in,!^s hn\Lj«' : iiuxiliary vein alisent; third 
 and iourth lonL,dtudinal veins ])arall(d : all three basal etdls 
 distinct. Lej^'s »doni;ate ; no i)r<'ai)ical bristle on tln' tibia'. 
 
 The Hies of this fainilv are ol' moderate si/e and eloniiate. 
 Tile larva' in those few sjiecdes in which they are known live 
 in the roots or tj^alls of different ])lants. The larva* of J'sihi 
 are slender, cylindrical, pale yellow, l)are ; the ])osterior stig- 
 mata are small, ronnded or button-like i)roeesses of a black 
 
 COlOl 
 
 TAIU.K OF (iKNKUA. 
 
 1. Aiitcniiii' imicli i-loiiffiiti'd, tlie tliinl Joint sU'iiiler. Loxoceua Mi'iireii. 
 AntcMinse shorter tliaii tlie I'aci", the tliird joint oval or rounili<i. . i' 
 
 2. Face nearly peri)en(]icular in profile ; anal cell noticeably shorter than 
 
 the seeonii l»a.<al ce 
 
 ("iivi.iZA Fallen. 
 
 Face retreating' in profile: anal cell as lonu; or lonjier than the seeoml 
 
 l.asal cell. 
 
 I'sii.A Meiiiii 
 
 4;]. OllTALIlhE. 
 
 Jlather small to moderately large flies. Front broad in both 
 sexes, jiever with lower fronto-orbital bristles. Vibrissa' want- 
 ing. Olypeus distinet. usually well developed; ])r()boscis 
 more or less stout; pa.l])i broad, seldom narrow. Abdomen 
 with five segnuMits in the male, six in the female, the first two 
 in both sexes more or less coalescent; male with a rolled-u]), 
 long ])enis; female witli a three-jointed, horny ovijiositor. 
 Legs usuallv stout and short, never verv slender. Venation 
 of wings complete; auxiliary vein completely separated irom 
 tht^ first longitudinal ve'in, though often much approximated 
 to it : it runs into the costa at a more or less acute angle, with- 
 out becoming indistinct at its eml : ])osterior basal and anal 
 
<>n'i".\i,ii),K, 
 
 115 
 
 evil ot oonsulemhl. si/., th. h.tt.-r ..x..,.ptinn:,llv indistinct 
 3Ii.I(ll(. til.ia. alone pn.vi.lcl with s,,nrs: n,.nr ..I tlir til.i p 
 with an erect l.ristle l)efoiv tlie tip exteriorly. 
 
 The present laniily ineludes ;. hu-e nuiuh.-r <>[ species „f 
 Hies that are sure to he represents in evcrv col]ecti<,n of ,iip- 
 teni Many of the species hn^, the win,,-s prettilv marked. 
 Ih.. ianiily by many entonudo-ists is divi.h-.l into several 
 i"<l''l.endent .^n-oups. as the Doryceri.la- or I'vr.^otina-. the 
 JMatystomidas Ulidiida-, etc The Hies are usnallv found 
 ahout mea.lows or among luxuriantly .^rowin.g ^rass. T! e 
 larva' are liut j)oorly known. 
 
 TAHLK OK (iKNKRA. 
 
 I!V I'liOr-. W. A. SNOW. 
 
 1. First lon-it.i.linal vimm W^vt vvitli small J.ristles. 
 
 I'lrst loiijritudiiial vein J.arc. . . . , ' ' ' Z 
 
 2. Ovipositor f1attciu-(l; (.colli j)r(.soiit. ... ., 
 Hvipositornot flattc'iifd; no ocelli. . , [ I'vi-< ,r ■ ' 
 
 ••'■ Thin! antennal joint round or short ovate; ends of auxiliarV ami 'fir^t 
 longitudinal veins widely separated. . . Vn^unru. ,v k 
 
 I lurd antennal .|oint not round or short ovate.* " j 
 
 4. Neither pro-pleural or sterno-pleural l.ristles j.resent: third ant..,M,al 
 .JOMit elonJ,^•lte. . , ., 
 
 A sternopleural l.ut no propleural l.ristle j.resent. ' 'vHrnxnlst 
 
 o. Posterior angle of anal cell drawn out into a loh., or at least, n.ore or 
 
 less acute; teniora never aimed i- 
 
 Posterior angle of anal cell ohtuse, rounded or retracted ; iVmon;' armed 
 
 m most of the genera. „ ''■""" 
 
 lUCIlAHMllV.i:. 
 
 rvuriOTT.v.K. 
 Front strongly projecting; face retreating; oral opcung small • prol.os- 
 
 pi:.;:: hHrTM'-'""c'" "^'^ "^■^■^''"'-'= oceinahsent; : :. 
 
 I'lcuoil hnstle; hrst long.tu.Iinal vein hairy; ovipositornot flattened. 
 
 I'viif.oTA \\'iederii;inii. 
 I'LArvsToMix.i;. 
 Oral opernng very large; clypeus generally v.-rv n.u,d> develope.l .,nd 
 thc.prol..sc. pn,portionateh-^n.tMhinl an.ennal joint elongate) me;o! 
 
 * Tetropismenus Loew has the third '.iu^^^^^^i^^^^^'^^ 
 stigma or subcostal cell locates it 
 
 among the Ortalin; 
 
11(5 
 
 N'ninil AMKIMCAN DII'TKK'A. 
 
 notuiii bristly on tlir liiii<l j»iirt only; proplciiral atid stiTiKjpKiiral ltri>tl(>^ 
 ahscrit ; ffinalc ahdomi'ii witli tiv«' siuiiunts: (tvijxtsitnr Hattfiii'tl ; first 
 longitudinal vi-in liristly. 
 
 1. 'I'lu' i)ictiire of the* win<rs consist ciiiifly of a dark bordiT alonjr tlic cdsIii. 
 from thi- basi- of tin- stitMua to tlif tip of tlic winir. with the first 
 basal ctdl and tlu- posterior cross-vein (doudeii ; anterior cross-vein 
 oiiliiiue. .......... i'l 
 
 Flies not liiivin<; the altove characters. ...... )i 
 
 ■_'. I'osterior an^le of the anal cell ilrawn our into a sharj) point (Mexico). 
 
 ( )sritAC<»<<Ki.iA (iiijlio-'ro--, 
 I'osterior an^le of the anal cell routuh'd. .....'■', 
 
 .'J. Picture of the winj^s dark, varied with transparent spots and bars. I 
 
 Winjrs not so marked. .........'» 
 
 4. Scutellum larifc, flat ; occiput but little swollen ; veins of winjis straiuiil 
 
 and markedly diveriii'iit. .... Amimiicnki'iiks Lot \v. 
 
 Scutelhiin ,?maller, not flattened; occiput much smaller: epistimia 
 
 stronj^ly projectin;.s third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly 
 
 parallel, sinuous (Mexico and South America*. I'i.atvstoma Meinen. 
 
 •">. 'I'he picture of the winjis consists of four blackish v^ross-bands, of which 
 th :'un\ is nearly peri)endicular, an<l the fourth lies alon<i the costa 
 at the ajiex of the winjf ; scutellum with four bristles. 
 
 IviVKi.LiA Desvoidy. 
 \Vinjr.<< withotit bainls; scutellum with two bristles; ant-like flies. 
 
 MviiMKCOMViA Desvoidy, 
 
 <■». I'osterior cross-vein ]iroloiH^ed beyond the fourth vein (Cuba). 
 
 Ui.MKiior.ss A Loew. 
 I'osterior cross-vein not ])rol()n.ii'ed. ...... 7 
 
 7. Fifth lonjjitudinal vein bristly (Mexii-o). 
 Fifth lotmitudinal vein not bristlv.* 
 
 HkK IMKI.I.A (iiulio- Tos. 
 Stknoi'tkhina Mac(|uari. 
 
 ti^l 
 
 ( Ki'll.VbllN K. 
 <>ral opcninji very larjic; clypi'us and proboscis <:reatly devtdoped; pio- 
 plcural bristle absent ; "ternojjleural bristle j)resent ; sixth seuineiit of tin- 
 abdomen in the female distitu-tly devtdoped ; ovipositor tlatteiu'd ; tir»l 
 loiifiitudinal vein bristly. 
 
 1. Slender. Sepsis-like flies, resembling' Myrmecomyia, with win<:s ;ilniosi 
 hyaline, except for a small infuscation at the stijiina ami at tlii' tip. 
 
 ( "kcmai.ia Meiticn. 
 Winii's with a consi)icii()us picture. ■ - 
 
 * 1 can not see wherein /In'ciimin Walker, to which ni^lio-Tos refers a 
 Mexican species, differs from .'<h im/iti riim. 
 
"iriAI.ID.K 
 
 117 
 
 •-'. Wiiijr,^ (lark, with tlirt-t' ol 
 
 t' ol)li(nit', inon. (ir [ 
 
 «'ss iirciiiitcil. hviilii 
 
 ic r|'(i« 
 
 l.an.is; first l.a.al cHl .xp.Mi.lr.i iH.tor.. its .,„|, T.nn.x v I.n..w' 
 
 »\ iiiiis not with such iiiarkiinrs. 
 
 ::. Wii.Ks l,n.a.i. with a mark.,! ..xnsi.,„ o„ tlu- ....sta n.ar ,h.. .,ni of th- 
 auxiliary vein; src.,,,.! vn,, sinu-us. Ca v..t..nk, „ v .Ma...,nar, 
 
 Mii's IK t havm<r such wiiiys. 
 
 4 
 
 •1. Posterior au-j.. of the anal (vll rctractcl. |„^^.^ , „,,^^. 
 
 I'..sti-rior an-le of tlic anal cHl .Jniw., out int., a loi.ir loh,.. 
 
 I>| v< iin \ (icr^ta'ckrr, 
 <»i;rAM.\.i:. 
 TlK. Ortaiina. .iillVr fron, the I'latysto.nina. a.„i ( VphailitKc in the sn,all 
 oral opemn.r. the less .levelope.i elypeus. tnore slen.ler pn.hosei. an,l >n,aller 
 palp. I he n.esonotun. is son.etinies l.ri>tly in the n.i.i.iie anteriorlv the 
 P'-'.pl.ural an.l n.esopleural bristles l.oth j.resent. Ken.ale alnion.en with 
 SIX sejxiiients. 
 
 1. Face sharply earinate. ... 
 
 Face not shari)ly tarinate. ~ 
 
 2. Thinl antennal joint ciiruiar: hairy spe.-ies. Tktko.-.smkm s i.ocw' 
 I li>'-.l antennal joint en.iin.y- in a sharp point ; pollinose Hies. 
 
 ri;i'iii«»NorA I.oew 
 ->. Mesonotuml.ri.stlyinthen.i.hlleinfront: thinl antenna! joint ex,.iM.,I 
 
 ulxive and with a pointid tip. ('.-....vi \i 
 
 ., , . ' ■ ■ , » i-.ii<»\^ » .\lac(|uarl. 
 
 Mesonotuni not hristly in the nii.hlle in front. . . . , 
 
 4. Thinl antennal joint .iistinetly exc-ise.l ahove. pointcl at the tip ; fourth 
 l..njr,tu.linal vein with a niarke.i anterior curvature on its distal 
 
 ,p, . , . Anai'ami'T V I,oew 
 
 Ihinl antennal joint not excise,! above: fourth vein no, >„ curve.! • 
 body n.Nirly destitute of bristles ..r hairs. Ti-rvv.o.s K..1I....' 
 
 VNoi's l-allen. 
 
 I'TKI.'oc.M.i.ix.i.; 
 
 I 
 
 rypeta-like: color! 
 
 ii.ii- noiinietallic: head rather bn. id. Imh low. uiih 
 
 i-ather pn.tuberant eyes: face short, perpendieii! 
 die: elyjieus l)ut little develojied ; thin! a. 
 mesonotuni bristly upon the post 
 
 sir. excavated in tl 
 
 le nmi 
 
 leiinal joint round or short oval 
 
 airy: tip of the first loiiyitiidinal 
 
 erior part only: thinl lonyitudin 
 
 il vein 
 
 ea(di otiier: jiosterior an^de of tl 
 
 vein and auxiliary vein remote fmiii 
 anal cell usually .Irawn out into a Ion--' 
 
 1. I'osterior aiiule of anal c.dl drawi 
 
 vein verv ol 
 
 I'osi 
 
 olilKjiie, 
 
 1 out into a lolly- lobe : posterior en 
 
 t'rior anixle ,,f ana! cell not ^.n-eatl 
 
 y produced. 
 
IIP 
 
 \m 
 
 lis 
 
 NOiri'II AMKKICAN DIl'IKF} A. 
 
 Wings very narrow in {)r(>p<irti((n to their Icngtii, of o<}nal widtli, Ix'oaii- 
 
 ly r )un(k'(l at basi- and tij). 
 
 rrKKocAi.LA IJondani. 
 
 Wing.- witii an unusually convi'x jjostcrior margin, ("ai.i.oi'istkia L( 
 
 )l'\V. 
 
 Anterior and posterior cross-veins very oldiiiue, not a})proxiinatf(l 
 
 (Mexico). 
 
 M VKNMS l)l'>V(dllv 
 
 l»()ste 
 
 nor eross-vein rectangular or nearlv so. 
 
 4 
 
 4. Second longitudinal vein straight or ni-arly so, anterior cross- vein not 
 ol(li(lue. ............'» 
 
 Second longitudinal vein markedly siniKMis ; cross-veins ap[troxiMiated 
 and tlie anterior one very ohlifjue.* I'AUAcioiiciori.s (Jiglio-Tos. 
 
 •"). Cheeks rather liroad; jjosterior angle of anal cell acute. 
 
 SiKTOCKi'iiAi.A Loew. 
 Cheeks and face extremely short; eyes transversely oval; posterior 
 
 single of anal cell rectangular (New Mi'xico). I'sAiitorrKitA I. 
 
 oew. 
 
 ■^'■Ji 
 
 I'LIDIIX.K. 
 Head large, hemisplierical ; proljoscis stout, with brojul labella ; front 
 broad; anteniue short; mesonotum bristly in the middle behind only; first 
 and tliird longitudinal veins of the wings bare, tlie third and fourth con- 
 vergent distally ; posterior Jingle of the anal cell acute, sometimes drawn 
 out into a long lobe. 
 
 1. Head c')nspicuous!y large : front unusually l»road and the antenna' very 
 '• idely separated. ......... 2 
 
 Head iu)t conspicuously large, the antenna' more a])proximate(l at their 
 
 r<»ot. 
 
 (Kkoi'a Loe 
 
 2. Third ar'ennal Joint round; front punctulate. 
 
 'I'hird ai.teimal Joint elongate; upper i)art of front rugose. 
 
 K I u \v K I'll A LA Ku'der. 
 
 ;'». Posterior angit' of aiiiil cell acute, but scarcely i)rolonged lobe-like. S 
 Posterior angle <d" anal ccdl distiiu'tly drawn out into a lobe. . 4 
 
 4. Front ])m!Ctati' or scrobiculate. ......."> 
 
 Front smooth. ........... 7 
 
 •"). Scutellum flat, with sharp edges; fourth longitudinal vein stronuly 
 
 curve 1 forward at its end ; front coarselv rugose. 
 
 Scutellum ccnvex, roundeil on its eilges. 
 
 (». Stigma not unusually elongate. 
 
 Stignm elongate, about as long as the <'ostal c^ 
 
 ^'oTO(:KA.^!^. . liOew, 
 
 ll.H lA Meigeti. 
 AciiosTicTA I.oew. 
 
 * This genus is lociited here as deflnitidy as the characters given will 
 permit. 
 
OK rALiD.i:. 
 
 I 1!) 
 
 
 
 Si:<'i-i i:i;a I\iiliv 
 
 :. Fa.v,listiiHily,,n.J,.rtii,i,r hdow: third ai.trnnal joint n.,,,,,!..! at tlu- 
 
 I'lKi. ' j,.|. . .^., 
 
 I'.'uv ivtivatin-; thini aritennal J,.ii,t witli a sharp a.itmur an-lc. 
 
 < 'ii.i;t(ii-sis I,(hu. 
 S. I5()(ly cxtrrmcly sinuicr. 
 
 I'otiy not sifiKiiT; t'acc rariiiatc 
 
 !»■ '•''•o'lt ..niy sli-htiy i.rojvctin-in profil,.; face oh!i,|ii,.. 
 
 ^ti;n().\!\ ia I.ocw. 
 
 .'•ront ve.ry n.urh i.rojrctin,.:, so tiiat the head is (■o.,icai an.l tiir ftre" 
 
 lu-arly horizontal. . k, „,,. . m 
 
 '•' MI. ioi«iA M;i((|iiart. 
 
 1M( Il.\K'I)|[N-.l.:. 
 
 M.sonotMn, witi, hristk. in tlu- .niddl. posteriorly oniv; funora often 
 =.nnc.,lan, uK.rassate; first h,nj.itu.iinai vein l,are ; postenor ant^h- of the 
 anal eell ol.twse; eostal v..in nsnally hn-ken Just iK.fore the tern>ination of 
 theau.x.hary ven,; au.xiliary and first lon.uitndinal veins .loselv approx- 
 iiiiatcd. their tijis near together, " 
 
 1. Ffinora all armed with spines. 
 
 Femora unarmed 
 
 1'. Ilea,! shaped like a lon.u', .somewhat Mattened eone. ("nN„.K,.s L,„.w" 
 
 Head not so shaped. 
 
 ■'• ^'''f y '""'■ ''-velop.d ; anal ..ell wanting. Sn.y^uKr,^, LuJ 
 
 Anal cell i)resent. . , j.- , , ., , i 
 
 1. Sniteilum with two l,ris:les: third and fourth lon:,itndinal veins ne^Hv 
 parallel 
 
 S'utellum with four l.ristles: oeelli remote fnim the venex; last ...tion 
 of the fourth vein cMu.verneni toward the third (West Indi.s ,,nd 
 
 ^"""' '^""■'•'■^■"> (^..:....M..To,.,A .Mae.iua-, 
 
 ••• <»c.eIl,moreapproxi,natedto the verfx : front not narrowed anteriorlv 
 
 ,, .^7^ '";'7,> • ■ • • NKon.K.TV..A..srenSa.keM. 
 
 ''••■Il> ahout halt way between the vertex and the antenna.; front sonu- 
 
 whaf narrowed anteriorly (West Indies). . . .s, knmma. i; v. 
 
 II- TKVl'KTIDJ.:. 
 
 Hou.l lieiiii.splu'rical; la,-., m-.u-lv iHTpcinliciil; 
 
 <»!• simicwhat ivtivatiiio-, witli.ait 
 
 l»r<'a<l. hri.stly on tlic sides. 1.1 
 
 1' in jifdiilc 
 ilisfiiict vilirissa'. I^diit 
 
 sittiati'd eldsc f.i )1|,. luirdcf of tl 
 
 K' lower li'oiito-oihital hrisr 
 
 es 
 
 IC ('V<'S, 
 
 .\llt, 
 
 t'liiiii' (IceiUlilMMif. 
 
w 
 
 1L'(> 
 
 NOirril AMKIMCAX DIl'TKUA, 
 
 ^ ■ -4 
 
 siiort, rarely elongated. Abdomen composed of four or ii\c 
 segments; genitalia of the male.s but little exjxjsed; the ovi- 
 positor jointed, more or less prt)jecting. AVings rather large : 
 auxiliary vein present, ending steeply and obsenndy in oi- 
 near the border; ])Osterior basal eidl and the anal ctdl distinct, 
 tlie latter often drawn out into an acute, often prolonged, 
 point. Wings usually with dark markings. T^egs r.ioderately 
 long; tibia' without ])reapical bi-istle. I'roboscis moderately 
 long, usuali}' with broad laUdla. sometiities long, and the n;ir- 
 row labella folding backwards. 
 
 This family comprises a hirg(! number of rather small flies 
 usually with ])rettilv marked win<j:s. Tlu^ larvu' are not (don- 
 gate, conical and round; the ])osterior stigmata lie free in tw(t 
 sejjarated snuill, chitinous ])latidets, forming three radiating 
 de}>ressions ; antennte short, two-jointed; mouth booklets 
 separated, thick and strong; anal end somewhat im})ressed, 
 often in the middle with six, sn^all. fleshy p'unts. l'u])aria 
 (dliptical. the anterior stigmata projecting sonu'what button- 
 like. The larva' ol' Cfratifi^ live in tlie flesh of oranges ami 
 lemons, those of Ariiirt; have been found at the l»ase of the 
 flower stems of riilomis. those of A<i<l(i mining in the leaves 
 of Ikiiiiif.i-, those of Spiloi/rtijilKi mining in the leaves of 
 Sri/rrli). or Ari'f/'inii or bred frou) the berries of So/aiii/m 
 c(i I'oli iK'iisis, ill the fruit of I'nunis and Lnnicrra. etc.; tlu'Se 
 of /'J/isii/n, in the blossoms (d' Sr/ir/nfs: those ot Ti'jih i'it is 
 in the blossoms and galls o[ the stems or roots of various coiii- 
 ])osita'; those of ('nr/ilKit riflm in the galls and roots ol' 
 Arhilhii, the flo\>'ers of 11 Icrni'} ii in . etc. those (d' Triijichi in 
 tlie heads of ('!rshii/i. < 'riitnurcn . etc.. and in steuis of plants. 
 
 lAIil.K OF (JKNKliA. 
 
 1. ()vi|tri>it()r (if t'ciiialt' rciiinrkiilily cloti^iatcii urnl curviMl; sccoinl Icmui- 
 
 tudinal vein usuallv witli nil aiitiiinr luiiiicli. 'I'oxotkvi-ana (iri>l. 
 
 ( )vip()Mtnr tidi ri'iiiarkahly fl(iii|i!iti'il and curvi'd. .... 2 
 
 '2. KiMiiit nil cacli >iilf\viili a Inisllc liaviiiii a tcriiiiiial, leaf like ai)]U'lida;iV, 
 
 ('M!ATrii> .Macli'a.v, 
 Front witliiuil «.iicli liri^llcs. ........'•'< 
 
'rin-i'KTin.K 
 
 121 
 
 5. Winys with colon'il markiii<_rs not rot 
 
 W 
 
 iciilntc. 
 
 iii<;s hy.'iiiiie or with the iiiark 
 
 4. Scutiliiim with six l)ristlcs. 
 Scuti'lhim not with six hristit 
 
 ni.ixs rcticuhitc or spotti'd. 
 
 IS 
 
 IIkxacii.kta L 
 
 •"). Fourth hjii-iitiidiiial 
 
 voiii C(.iisi)icuoiislv curved forward at its t 
 
 ip. 
 
 Fourth h)riuitiidiiial 
 
 AcitOTOXA I.IH' 
 
 vi'in not conspicuously curved forward at 
 
 <!. Distal ])ortion of tl 
 
 Its tip. (! 
 
 a curved or arclied 1 
 
 It' win^ with two iiyaline indent 
 
 band 
 
 irown jn-ojection frotu the 1 
 
 itioiis, separatee! i)\- 
 
 iro 
 
 or 
 
 «pot lietr)re it, tlie anterior indent; 
 
 wn ohii(|Me cro 
 
 Iiostenor one (in the second i)osterior cell, 
 vein) tnort' trianjridar in shaiie.*- 
 iiiU's not so marked. - 
 
 ition more slender, tl 
 
 crossing- or not the fourth 
 
 W 
 
 7. i]o<ly elonj,:ate; alxl 
 
 10 
 
 omen narrowi^r than the thor 
 
 IX. 
 
 B 
 
 ody short; abdomen as broad as tl 
 
 SriiAissiA Desvoidv. 
 
 ic thorax. 
 
 ^i. Horizontal diameter of tli 
 
 11 
 
 on/ 
 
 I' eyi's remarkably short. Stknoi'a I. 
 
 ""tal .hameter of the eyes not shorter than usual. 
 
 oew. 
 
 !l Anti'penultiniai 
 
 iVnt 
 
 c section of the fourth v 
 
 cpetiultimate section (d' tl 
 
 em straii;ht. Acidia I, 
 
 oew. 
 
 le fourih Vein curved. !• 
 
 1^!. Colorintr of t!ie hod 
 
 i''>< iii;oA Lo 
 
 y .uvnerally liuht, never black. 
 
 1 two cross-band> 
 
 converLiinu- toward the 
 
 i;; 
 
 Coloriiii;- of the Ixxly Ithick 
 
 11 Winys lu'ar the middle witi 
 posterior margin. 
 Wiuus not with such cross- bands. 
 
 1-'. The third l.moitu.linal vein is o,..,tly curve.l l,a,d<ward toward the tip 
 head not swollen. . v. .. , 
 
 r,,, . , I ,..,., . ■ • • • M'M.()lil!AI>IIA Loew, 
 
 """' '""^"'""'""1 vnn strain-h, ,o the tip: h..ad distin.'tly swollen. 
 
 <Kin('Ai!i:\A Loew. 
 1^!. Win^. with four very obli,|ue cross-bands ; cross-veins verv oblinue 
 (Toss-ba.,ds nearly trausverse. or dissolved into spots; cross-veins 1, 
 little obli((Ue. . . ., ,, . 
 
 ' I UVI'I.TA .Memcn. 
 
 II. •'^•'iitellum tumid, biiubi.rculate. . . I',,...vvv,. i 
 
 V . . 11 .. , • • I i.i.'ON^ .MA Loew. 
 
 ■^.utellum .,( the usual structure, not swollen, thouuh convex. 
 
 I'i.A<.i(ir(i.MA Loew. 
 
 * In sou.e varieties of ,</,.„..;„ /o.,//,,.,,;,. ,|,e distal hvaline indent 
 tiolls are ohsolete. 
 
 II 
 lit 
 
IP 
 
 19<> 
 
 NOHTII AMKinCAX DIITKIfA. 
 
 Cross-veins conspicuously iijiproxiiniitcfi. . 
 Cross-veins not iijiproxiinatcd. 
 
 in 
 
 17 
 
 l!il . 
 
 
 1("). 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 
 in. 
 
 20. 
 
 21. 
 
 2 J. 
 
 25. 
 
 VVinffs with hyaline indentations and a suhapicai, arcuate, hyaline 
 cross-hand; seutelluni l)lack. . I'olvmoui'iiom via Snow. 
 
 Winffs with .hree hrown liands or projections, connected anteriorly, 
 the distal one t'ollowinii' the costa, the middle one l)eyoiid the niiddle 
 of th< winji, the proximal one toward the hase. (KoAfU'is I.oew. 
 
 Seutelluni with lour hristles, yellow ; wini;s with hlaek cross-hands. 
 
 KiiAr.or.ETis Lotw. 
 
 Scutellum with two l)ristles, l)lack; winas with hyaline indentations 
 
 along the marjjin . A( ii ua Desvoidy. 
 
 Fifth vein stroniily hristly ; scutellum with six bristles. 
 
 ni.Ki'ii.r Kovi-MHA Loew. 
 Fifth vein not hristly ; scutellum with four or two hri.vtii's. . IH 
 
 Winirs handed on the apex. .... Acuot.knia Loew. 
 
 Winjrs not handed on the apex. . . . . . . 2tl 
 
 Face spotted • . 21 
 
 Face not spotted. 22 
 
 Winers very miich dilated; pattern of picture not radiatint,'. 
 
 K- TijKTA Loew. 
 Win^-s not dilated ; with radiatintj markinj^s alonj: the margin. 
 
 CAuriioritK'iiA Loew. 
 
 Front very liroad. ......... 2.1 
 
 Front not very broad. ......... 2.") 
 
 Third antennal joint elouLjate, with a sharj) anterior anjile; ovipositor 
 tlatti'Ued. ........ AciixxiONA Loew. 
 
 Third antennal joint short 21 
 
 Winiis with numerous small spots and laru'crones alonj,'' thedist.al mar- 
 tiin ; ovipositor conical. ..... LriiisfA Loew. 
 
 Wings with large, irregular, brown spots and iiyaline sj)aces. 
 
 .Xknocu.kta Snow. 
 
 Wings without markings, or, on the ai>ical half only with a reticulation 
 
 dissolved into cross-bands. . Nko.vsimi.oia < 'sten Sackiii. 
 
 Flies not having the above cli.'iraeters. ..... 2<i 
 
 Wings of an evenly broad shape, and with an unusually blunt apex. 
 
 k'TKRiCA Loew. 
 Wings of the usual shajx-, or dilati'd 27 
 
 Labella very much i)rolonged Fi.vsiNA Desvoidy. 
 
 Laliella not or Init little elonuated 2H 
 
SArnoMVZIDvE. 
 
 10 
 17 
 
 ■21 
 
 L'-) 
 
 )iil\' 
 
 •'S 
 
 2H. W i II <r- markings railiatirii;-. 
 
 Winj,-,Markinj:s not raciiati,.^. .'.'.'. TKPMK.ns LatrHIl!!! 
 
 2!». TlK. whole- or nearly (h. uhui.. surfa.-c nC the win,. . itl, uniruiorous 
 rctu'iilatioii. . ,. 
 
 A .tar-,.ha,K.d black pir.ur.at tl,. apex n( th. wi„o, ,|„ r,„„i„i„., ,„,. 
 
 tacc.n,m.a,-ulatr,„ruitl, a v.ry U■^y ,s,,o,s, or at thr most with an 
 
 "'""'^•'^' •■"'"'•"'""••" l-.M.:,.,.,A I)..svoi.ly. 
 
 4.-,. SAPHoMVZlJXi:. 
 
 Small .s].('("i(.s. seldom uu>vv than 7 millim. in h-ii-th. H.-ad 
 as broad (,r a little broader than the thorax; front with one 
 or two bristles (m each side ant.'riorly to those of the vertex 
 Antenna' usnally short t.nd jnu-n-et. s.mietinies tlu- thir<l joint 
 elongated. Face without vibrissa- on the oral mar-in. Ab<lo- 
 men short-ovate. Legs never elongate. Aiixiliarv vein .d" 
 the wings j.resent; eross-veii.s iM'v,-r approximated ; basal 
 eells small, l)iit eomplete. 
 
 I iiHdmle in this iamily tlu- S;.pr„n.v/ida" a.i.l L.meha-i.la' 
 of Loew. tlH.ugh the ehara.-ters ;uv perhaps sufHeient to jus- 
 tify their separatiom Th<" larva- .d' S;,promv/a live in .leeav- 
 ii.g vegetable nr tter; they are slend.-r. with two distini-t 
 mouth booklets, the entire body, except the anterior seo-n.ents 
 roughened by very small bristles. The segments are distinctly 
 ooli ;trieted, the penultimate segment with four eonmal jiro- 
 wsses in a transverse row, the terminal segment with two 
 three jointed processes, between which is the cvlindrical. sti'- 
 iiiatie tube. In Lonr/nra there are no conical processes <m tin- 
 I)enultimate segment, and the stigmatie tubes or processes are 
 small and wart-like. 
 
 TAHI.K OF (iKNKKA. 
 1. Tihia^ without proapical In-istle; Iro.u -vith a si„oi.. fronto-orl.ital hri.- 
 tie; ovijiosuor Hattciici and horny {/j,„r/nnnn ). . ., 
 
 Til.ia> with a .listii.ct prcai.ical hristle; two fronto-orhita' hristles"; ovi" 
 IXKsitor not horny, cndinj: tiihc-like {S„pr,>,u^/zina 
 
 ■)■ 
 
 * f 'III! torn 11(1 (i 
 
 iinal ctl! nidinicntarv 
 
 li" Tos (Mexico) has tlircc I' 
 
 i«M,;,:(irhifal tiristlcs, th 
 
 ansta imlxscciit, the face si 
 
 I'lrl, (lai and vertical. 
 
124 
 
 NOirni AMEHIPAX DII'TKUA, 
 
 2. Mt'tallic black six'cii's ; front narrow. . 
 Yellow or yt'Uowisli si)t't'ic's; front broail. 
 
 L()NCII.T.A Killlcll. 
 
 rAi.i.orTiciiA Kaiifti. 
 
 .'5. Arista with a short, ('amsi' pluinosity ; face with a stroiij:' <ril)bosity in 
 
 the middle I'aciivckuina Mac(iuar',. 
 
 Arista slender, bare, jnilxscent or pliiinosc, not havinj;- an appearance 
 of solidity. .......... 4 
 
 4. Face very l)road, in i)rofile stronyly convex l)elow. 
 
 I'livsoGDNiA Mac(|nart. 
 Face receding,', flattened or ireiitly arched. .....•"> 
 
 5. First posterior cell much narrowed in the niarjiin (Central and South 
 
 America) (iitii'iioNKi i;a Schiner. 
 
 First posterior cell not or but sliirhtly narrowed in the margin. . ti 
 
 n. Shininfj black species; third joint of antenna' inori' or less eion<fate. 
 
 Lai XAMA Fallen. 
 
 More or less yellow s))ecies ; third joint of antenna' not more than three 
 
 times as lontj as wide. . . . . • Sai'kom vza KalUri. 
 
 4(). KHOPALO^IEKIILK. 
 
 Front broad, oxoavated, with or without sliort liristh's. 
 AnteniUL' short, tiiinl joint rounded or oval, the arista hare or 
 ])hiinose. Faeo brotid, carinatc. tubercidate or the oral inari.,dn 
 prominent; cheeks l)road; elypeus projectin<:f ; vibrissa' want- 
 ing; ])roboscis short ; {)al[)i slender or dilati'd. Thorax elon- 
 gate, arched, niesonotuni nearly bare; sciitcdliun ol'teii ])ronii- 
 nent and grooved. Abdomen sliorter than the wings, flattened; 
 ovipositor projecting, t(deseoi)ic; hy])opygiuni largely con- 
 cealed. Femora thickened, the hind ti'oiie t)l'ten dilated. 
 Auxiliary vein i)resent or ai)sent; basal cells widl developed. 
 
 This group comprises a small number of files Irom six 
 to twelve millimeters in length, of ])eculiar asjx'ct. iiaving a 
 general resemblance to some of the Ejthytii'ida' or Ort.ilida'. 
 I know nothing of their lii'.bits. wln^ther in tiie adult or imma- 
 ture stages, though 1 sus]icct tiiat they are deni/.ens of wet or 
 
 No mention is made of tibial bristh's, and the a\ithor is in some doulit 
 whetiier or not it siiould lie located willi the Tiiiinliilii . 
 
KHOl'ALOMKHID.K-IIKLOMYZID.K 
 
 1 LT) 
 
 (laini) plaf'os. Tlic known species 
 South America. 
 
 are confiniMl to (Vntral and 
 
 Tl 
 
 >o -roup is ovi.lently sharply .livi,I,>(I ijito tw 
 
 groups, l»y the presence or 
 
 o minor 
 
 tiie h-ni,'t!i oi the Hrst lon-itudinal 
 
 ibsence of the auxiliary v 
 
 em and 
 
 vein. 
 
 1. Auxiliarv v 
 
 cm 
 
 cell of the w 
 
 TABLK OF (iKNKIiA. 
 
 waiitin-r, the first loii^itudinal vfin sliort; fi 
 in.u-s not narrowed; jialiu slender (/.'A 
 
 All 
 
 and South America) 
 
 xiiiary \\.\u wtdl-di'Vilopci, the first 
 
 Jiosterior cell much narrowed in tl 
 
 oiiuriiKi ). 
 2. ScutelluiM oval 
 
 rst posterior 
 
 iiii<fiiii)/ti , Cintral 
 
 KiiiNOTOKA Schiller. 
 
 lenuitudinal vein lonp-r; ^T'-st 
 
 le maruin; palj.i dilated (/^/„>,„i/- 
 
 irista ))lumose 
 
 Scutellum pyramidal, directed ol 
 
 arc (Central and South America). . I 
 
 'li(!iielv uj)wanl; arista jdur 
 
 nose or 
 
 ii<>1'ai,<)mi;i;a Wirdci 
 
 Front witli hristles; {. 
 
 nann. 
 
 (Central and South America) 
 
 "■•' '•■•irinate; hind tibi:e dihitcl an.l with tul.erck 
 
 ront without hr 
 
 W 
 
 O.MSTONIKI.I.A .Mik. 
 
 istles; face tuherculatc ; hind til.Ja' slen.h.r (S. An.er.) 
 
 Ai'ocii(>i{iiVN( III s Will 
 
 iston. 
 
 47. IIELOMVZIIU:. 
 Face msually nearly perpendicular, with vibrissa' • front 
 hnstly (m the posterior h:,lf only; antenna, short. .M.domen 
 rather broad and Ion- m.,re or less Hatt.'ued. c(mipo,sed .d' si.x 
 segments; male Genitalia .somewhat pr.uninent: c.ista of the 
 wings bristly; first longitmlinal vein bare. Win.^s compara- 
 tively hirge; all the basal cells distinct. Tibia-' with spurs 
 and a ])reai)ieal bristle. 
 
 The larvm of Lrn. hav been bred from bat and rabbit 
 <un,- those of //r/u,n/,a from truitles, decavino- wnc.d. etc 
 llu'yare cylindrical, obtuse behind, more pointed inlVont- 
 the antenme situated upon hm,-. conical pro.vsses ; numth 
 i.ooklets la.-e tu.d pointed; the s,-ven abdominal s.-^^menls 
 «•" each side m front widened, beh.w with bristlv pseudopods 
 ^Many of the species ,d' this family live in caves or burrows 
 
igrw 
 
 ■9 
 
 12(; 
 
 XOirni AMERICAN DN'TKUA. 
 
 TAI}I>1': OF (iKNKRA. 
 
 I- \ 
 
 1. A luini'Tiil hristk' present. 
 No liuiiitTJil bristle jireseiit. 
 
 Hki-omyza Fallen. 
 
 Am.oi'Iiyi.a Loew. 
 
 2. No bristle above the l)ase of the front eo.\;e. . 
 
 A bristle above the front coxa- i)resent. ......:'> 
 
 ;>. Spurs of the middle tibia* ctirveil ; hair of the l)ody eoinparatively lont,' 
 and soft. ....... Scoi.iockntka Loew, 
 
 Spurs of the middle tii)iiu strai^dit ; liair neither lonjr nor soft. . 4 
 
 4. Anterior oral border obliterated. . . Anouostoma Loew. 
 Anterior oral border distinetly developed. ..... o 
 
 5. Eyes remarkably small. ..... (Ecotiika Loew. 
 
 Eyes not remarkably small. ........ b 
 
 0. Four bristles in the median dorsal thoraeic rows. .... 7 
 J5ut three bristles in the median dorsal rows. . 'rKiMiKociihAMVs Loew. 
 
 7. Costal border of the wiiifr very noticeably bristly ; front broad. 
 
 Lehia R. Desvoidy. 
 Costal border with extremely small bristles; front narrow. 
 
 11i:ti.U(),mv/,a Fallen. 
 
 r^. 
 
 4S. IlF/rER()NEUini).1C. 
 
 Tload lai'<j^o, litMiii,s})lHn'ic'al. Face short, nearly ptM-pendic- 
 ular. Vibrissal bristles ])reseiit. Front broad, bristly to the 
 root of the antennae. Antenna^ porri'ct, short. Abdomen 
 elongate, narrow, sonnnvhat eoni[)r(\ssed ; g'enitalia but little 
 j)roniinent. Wint^s broad and rather haig; all three basal 
 cells distinct; cross-veins much approxin-ated. L'■l,^s lon,u'; 
 til)iai with or without a j)reapical bristle. 
 
 Larvte of this iamily have been found in dpcayin;;- wood, 
 under bark of trees, etc. They are slender, cylindi ical. sli,u-ht- 
 ly thickened posteriorly, white in color. The morth booklets 
 are very small, the body segments not distinctly separated ; 
 abdominal segments with a transverse swelling for locomotion. 
 The larva; have the ])ower of lea})ing, as do those of 
 riopliilti. The act is j)erl'ormed by fixing the month booklets 
 in the two (diitinous, straight or curved booklets on tlu' upper 
 
SnOMYZID.K 
 
 11'7 
 
 Icn. 
 
 ow. 
 
 
 side of tlie last so.frnieiit and tl 
 
 Tl 
 
 icn siiddenlv rt'le 
 
 le 
 
 puparia are yellowish, ellipsoidal and with two 1 
 
 tsinj; theni. 
 
 the last se<niient 
 
 1. A 1( 
 
 as in the hirva'. 
 
 TAHLK OF (iEXEKA. 
 
 lorns on 
 
 'Iijj: prcapR-iil hristk- on the liiiul til 
 
 No such itniipiciil l)ristk' on tlic liiiiil til 
 
 )iii> 
 
 )ii«> 
 
 Hi;tki!o\i:i KA Fal 
 
 Icn. 
 
 Cm siA Halliilav 
 
 c\v. 
 
 c\v. 
 
 I'W. 
 
 Iv, 
 
 en. 
 
 icn 
 
 41). SCroMVZIIXE: 
 
 Head rounded,* short, as l)r(.ad or l.roader than the tl 
 face more or less retreatin-; mouth without vil 
 horder, sharp. Abdomen composed (»f 
 long and narrow. Win^-s Ion 
 
 lorax 
 
 trissa' at its 
 
 si.\ segments, rather 
 
 ^^er than the ai>(h)me 
 
 vein 
 
 n ; auxihai'v 
 
 present, distinctly separat.'d from the first longitudinal 
 
 le anal cell complete. Le 
 
 veiTi; i)osterior basal cell and tl 
 ratluu- long ; preapical tibi;il l)ristl 
 
 il( 
 
 Th,' members of this familv ar 
 
 e j)resent. 
 e usually found in meadows. 
 Hong the l)anks (,f small streams, etc., wherever it is moist. 
 
 yellow in 
 
 Tl 
 
 lev are 
 
 <»wn or browiMsl 
 
 for the most j)art, br 
 f(dor, oftentimes with pictured 
 their habits. The larvae are slen.h-r, cvlind 
 
 win ITS. 
 
 Iv, the last 
 
 T 
 
 I'K 
 
 ley are slow in 
 
 ■al, tl 
 
 Tl 
 
 segment with six or ei-ht 
 
 im anterior- 
 
 ci 
 
 lev ai'e 
 
 aquatic. 
 
 )nical, fleshy tubercle; 
 
 1. Antcnnfp sliort. 
 
 TAHI.K OF (iKXKKA. 
 
 Aiu 
 
 ciin. 
 
 loiiyatc. 
 
 Face excavated, tlio oral 
 
 F 
 
 iiiarain in-otiiherant. 
 
 ace retrcat!iif>' m iirofile, l.iu litti 
 not at all prominent. 
 
 e or not at ail excavateil: 
 
 oral inarj 
 
 ScioMvzA Fallen 
 
 Tl 
 
 10 .ucnns '/'rif/onomfto/iiis Mac(|uart, lias 1 
 
 //" l)y Scliiner, to tlie //>t 
 
 )cen assiirncd to the /' 
 
 laniily by the student, and I heli 
 
 ■tinniritrniii liy Locw. It \vij| I 
 
 :r//iiti. 
 
 ve that it rightfully 1 
 
 he recognize.! I.y its cnicMliy projecting head, and Jtrongl 
 u row of well developed bristles sMuat.^l 
 
 )(' sought for in this 
 •elongs here. It will 
 
 Tlu' checks hav 
 
 scenduig troni the front near ti 
 
 y receding face 
 on a ridue de- 
 
 le eye and extending hack to tl 
 
 tlie third antennal joint is roun.led or a little elonga'ted 
 
 le occiput 
 
12S 
 
 NOirni AMKinCAN DirTKUA. 
 
 ;!. riu'cks broiiilcT tlinii tlic loiiu' diaiiiftcT of tJic I'ves ; oral Ijonlcr moil- 
 
 (.Tiiti'ly ])r()tuliiTiuit ; cdstu soiiu'wliat spiiioso. . Actoka Mii^icii. 
 
 Clu'i'ks not hroailcr than llic loiij; diaiiR'tcr of tlit- I'vcs ; oral itiarLriii 
 
 very proininciit ; costa hare. .... Duvomv/a rallcii. 
 
 4. Iliml f'ciiiora lonir : .second aiiti'iinal Joint nnudi clonffati-d, loiimr tliaii 
 tlu' third. ..........."> 
 
 Hind femora only moderately eloiif^ated an<l but little thickened ; si'coiul 
 antennal joint a,< lonj: or a little shorter than the third. 
 
 'rKTANOCEKA Latri'illc. 
 
 T). Hind femora thickened; face not produced downward. 
 
 Si:i'i;ii()N Latreille. 
 
 Hind femora not thickene«l; face nuudi iiroiluced downward (Central i 
 
 and South America). ..... 'i iieiomvia Terty. 
 
 ;-)(). l?HVCOl)llO.Mri)/lv 
 
 I'lpiint', soutclluni and abdomen flat. Front bristly ; clicoks 
 and face bristly, tlie vibrissas indistinctly diU'erentiatcd. Le^Lis 
 stont. all the til)iaf spurred and with ;i ]irea])ieal bristle on the 
 outer side; nn^tatarsi not aV)breviated ; terminal joint of all 
 the tarsi incrassate and without claws. Neuration of wings 
 (!om{)lete; auxiliary vein distinct in its entire course; costa 
 without bristles ; basal cells not small. 
 
 V>\\\j a single genns of this family is known to occur in 
 North Jmerica, CnU^ni Meigcn. Members of it arc found in 
 great abundance among sea-weed and other alga' thrown up 
 bv the wavt^s along the sea-shore. 
 
 51. SCATOMYZlJUv 
 
 Tegula' small, the upper one concealing the lower one. 
 Plead rounded, eyes round, bare, broadly separated by the 
 front in both sexes. Wings large; auxiliary vein always ])res- 
 ent, the (H)sta never with bristles at its termination, three 
 basal cells always jiresent; first posterior cell never narrowed 
 or closed. Abdomeit with more than four segments. 
 
 The Hies of this group are easily coitfotmded with the 
 
srATOMVZID.K 
 
 1L".> 
 
 Aiitlioiiiviila', hut the el 
 oas.'s render the diffeivntiati^ 
 
 lanicters almv 
 
 <' M'i'^<'ii \vii 
 
 III liidst 
 
 Still, it i 
 
 s evident that the two t 
 
 '" :• iiiattfi' <d" little dilticult 
 
 and the student 
 
 iiiiilii's run closfdv touvthei' 
 
 will sonietmicy Iw ii 
 
 lere aeeepted is that of 1 
 
 I ilouht. 
 
 Th 
 
 annlv as 
 
 exl 
 
 x'cKci'. Who Jia.- 
 
 laustivc study to the l' 
 
 rcccntlv L;i\- 
 
 a considerable number of 
 
 urop.au to)'ins. II, ■ h;,s rst; 
 
 en an 
 
 iltlishcd 
 
 new 
 
 douhtedlv be found t 
 
 jeiicra. nuiny of which will 
 
 un- 
 
 <> ('ccui' in North A 
 
 reason, I have thou-lit it best t. 
 
 tables of tlie genera, with butsli-ht luo.Iilirat 
 tions 
 Th 
 
 '"'■'I'ifa. For that 
 
 ive a translation of Ins 
 "US or abl)i't'\ia- 
 
 (' geiu^ra so far rceo'^r,,,;;,,.,] j,, v,,ith A 
 
 J'/"';/", ////// 
 their wider set 
 
 /■'>/////,-.■/■/, 
 
 A' 
 
 nu'riea are ,SVv//, 
 
 /•'■///)/. Ciii'iliil iii'ii and CI 
 
 IS 
 
 Tl 
 
 e. Fiirrllhi, r.ec) 
 
 ri'/iisf r<i in 
 
 \i 
 
 le s 
 
 ])eeies of Snif,,j,/, 
 
 rrclers to the A, tl 
 
 lOIUV 
 
 brown in eolor, the males of 
 
 ",'/" are for the most part v.dlowish 
 
 ten wit 
 
 are frequently found about 
 
 I wool\- hair, 
 
 'Y 
 
 11 
 
 It's 
 
 otl 
 CI 
 
 excrement. ])ut theva 
 
 so Iced upon 
 
 ler inse..ts. which they capture. Species of ('nr<h,h.ra and 
 'if/dstra are mostly slender and cvl 
 
 erately large size. Tl 
 other moist places. The 1 
 tl 
 
 ley ar- usuallv 
 
 iiidrical. and of mod- 
 l'<»iind in meadows or 
 
 arva_' are cylindrical, thin-sl 
 
 le mouth liooklets short and thi(dv, tl 
 irge. projecting, reniform in shaj.e, tli 
 
 Kinne<-| 
 
 situated on rounded 
 
 It' anterior stigmata 
 e i)osterior stigmata 
 
 eminences. The larva- of Xnn'JI 
 
 ninna have been found in the stems of h 
 Cordi/Jnra conniJhirhr in the stems of (' 
 species of riru/astn, in stems of h 
 and irom the hirvje of Xorf 
 Xiijiluir. 
 
 I 'I sjii II I- 
 
 i II m ex 
 
 tl 
 nnuill ,'ln : tl 
 
 lose ot 
 
 lose ol 
 
 iiniir.r, from swine-duie"- 
 
 IK/ 
 
 tl 
 
 lose of //,/t/ 
 
 i/f/rottif/ryr li'oiu 
 
 1. I'rotlioracic .■ind st 
 
 TABLE OF (JKXKIfA. 
 
 iymatic liristli's want 
 
 III"' 
 
 cut, .SDiiu'tiiiifs wantiiiir. Tl 
 
 a stiTiioplcural hristlc iirc; 
 
 \t fewer, tlie i)alj)i hroaii. Scutell 
 
 lorax with five dors. .central l.ristles or 
 
 W 
 
 iiiiis usually l.mu'. 
 
 mil with at least four l.rist 
 
 I'S. 
 
^- 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 Li 128 
 
 us 
 
 m 
 
 I.I 
 
 ■ 2.2 
 
 U£ 1 2.0 
 
 m mu 11.6 
 
 '^ in^ 11^ 
 
 % 
 
 ij. 
 
 4% 
 
 :/. 
 
 % 
 
 « 
 
 ^■1 
 
 V] 
 
 
 A> 
 
 ^W x1 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WMSTIR.N.Y. M5S0 
 
 (716) a;3-4S09 
 
 |\ 
 
 iV 
 
 4 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 6^ 
 
-> 4L^ 
 
 
 6^ 
 
ii 
 
 5'i 
 
 \?A) 
 
 XOirni AMERICAN DirTEHA. 
 
 I'rothorjicic and sti<jMi.'itii' bristles usually prosoiit; whi'ii \vantin<f tiic 
 thorax nearly bristleless. One to three sternojtieura! l>ristles i)resent. 
 Thorax with one to five dorsocentral bristles; the scutellum with 
 two to four. Win<;s usually short '■) 
 
 2. Ileadbroad; palj)i sj)oon-sliai)ed or leaf-like. . II vi>u<»Mv/.i\.i:. 
 
 Head round not especially broad; jtalpi linear or rarely ribbon-liki- 
 
 ScATOI'IIAdA. 
 
 {.Scnlo/)/iii(/w(i). ....... 
 
 Front femora on the inner side with a double row of bristle 
 
 XOKKI.I.IN.i;. 
 
 Front femora and tibiic at the most with a single row of bristles. 4 
 
 4. Face short ; palpi small, linear, never with lonj^ hairs or bristles. An- 
 tennjK short ; the arista bare or i)ubescent. . Ci.KniAsriiiN.K. 
 
 Face lonj; ; })alpi linear, sometimes flattened, with or without long, ter- 
 minal bristles. Antenna' variable; arista bare or plumose. Species 
 
 usually l)ristlv 
 
 CoitDVI.IlMN.K 
 
 CORDYLUKIN^": 
 
 1. I'alpi small, linear 2 
 
 I'alpi lonjj;, widened leaf-like. ....... 14 
 
 2. I'alpi with a lonu: terminal bristle; Ji single sterno-pleural brist'e pres- 
 
 ent ;! 
 
 Palpi without long tertninal bristle; one to three sterno-pleural bristles 
 present. <» 
 
 .']. Third antennal joint short; second more or less projecting over the 
 
 third. 4 
 
 Third antennal joint long, as long as the face, the second joint not i)ro- 
 jecting; arista long, plumose; shining black species. 
 
 IMiKosiA \\. Desvoidy. 
 
 4. Arista plumose in the mifldle or pubescent; costa hairy or eiliate; third 
 
 longitudinal vein straight or gently curved o 
 
 Arista bare; costa but slightly hairy; third longitudinal vein curved 
 
 S-shaped. 
 
 Scoi.iAi'iii.Krs Meeker 
 
 O. Arista thickened at the base, plumose to its miildle; femora and tibia< 
 with strong bristles; thorax with five dorsoceiitral bristles; lace 
 narrowed at the antenna*; usually shining black species. 
 
 ("ounvMiKA Fallen. 
 Arista scarcely thieken'jtl at the base, i)lumose; femora andtibia' slen- 
 der and long but little bristly; one to three dorsocentral bristles 
 present; face and front of e(|ual width; yellow and black sitecii's, 
 
 rAi{Ai.i.Ki.oM.MA llecker. 
 
SCATOMVZID.K. 
 
 '». Oiic storn()i)k'ural liristlc. 
 
 Two stcnioplcural liristli's. 
 
 Three .sterri()i)Ieuriil bristles 
 7. Ev 
 
 
 Kyc^nearlytw,ceaslHj:I.asIo„.: front e,.nv..x ; antenna- slu.rt, situ- 
 ate.l low -lown: pale yellow .p,.H..s. . ,,,,,,,,, Zetterste.lt. 
 
 I-cshut httle iH.her than Ion,; ant..nna. as Ion. as the laee; oral 
 l>')r(ler with a sin-le, anteriorly directed l.ristle. . ,s 
 
 H. TlMHl antennal joint l.roa.l ; front eonvex; arista disth.ctlv plun.o.e- 
 five .iorsoeentral l.ristles present; .Moderate sixed, shinin,. vellou' 
 
 species. 
 Thin 
 
 spec 
 (io.VATMKiMs Hoiidani. 
 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 ,■..', ■ • ■ ■ -Ml •■oi-nriiAi.MA Heckt'i-. 
 
 ■> antennal jo.nt Ion,, and slender, arista naked ; four dorsoeentral 
 
 l.n.tles; shunn. hlaek speeies. . . M.euoes,.:,,..,-,,.. Heeker 
 
 •I Antenna, a. Ion,- as the faee, third joint roundc.!. stron,rlv pnheseen, • 
 
 our dorsoeentrai, two seutellar l.ristles; hin.I tihia. with two pairs 
 
 of extenor hnstles; shinin, l.h.ek. . I.K.XAM.TorKu.v I>.e< ker 
 
 Antenna. Ion, as the face, third jo.nt with a sharp upper corn.. ; arista 
 
 l^l'mcu ate .n both sexes; tive dorsoeentrai, tour seutellar bristles; 
 
 l'"..l t.bia. w,th three pairs of bristles ; sn.all. ,.rayish duste.l species. 
 
 10. Male arista distinctb ueniculate. 
 Arista geniculate in neither sex. 
 
 11. Thin! antennal joint lonj: and br<..d, with an acute upper nn,le; arista 
 
 «I.ort, bare; four .seutellar bristle^ ; dark ,ray-dusted, bristly species. 
 rp, . , ... ("ONAKCTici s Heckir 
 
 ll.^rd antennal jonu h.n-r and narrow with roun.Ied upperan.le; arista 
 finely plun.ose; two seutellar bristles; shinin, black, bristly specie.. 
 ,., . . ,. Cnkmoi'cm.un K'ondani. 
 
 1- Anstad.sttnctly hairy; four ..cutellar bristles; hind tibia, with three 
 .a.r.s of extertor bristles. .... („,,„Aen.K,. Hecker 
 A.Kst. bare, antenna, ion,^ third joint usually an,ulated above; two 
 ^ seutellar, two pairs of tibial bristles. . A.m.x.uosoma Becker 
 I- Kves circular; .M.Uenna. Ion,., roun.le.i at tip; palpi of usual len,th 
 soM.c.whut broadened distaliy ; abdon.en very short. 
 
 T.'.„ , , , ."^i-ATHii'iivLMs Hecker. 
 
 L^ s .nnewhat e on^ate; antenna. Ion,, an.ulate.l at tip; palpi much 
 'lilated Its whole len,th ; ab.lonien not remarkably short. 
 
 rHKi.Al.|i(.i'iiii,A Becker. 
 iivdkomvzinm;. 
 I. Kyes and head round ; thor.ax with five dorsoeentrai bristle. 
 
 Kvcs ami hea.l oval, hi,lier than Ion,; one dorsoeentrai bristle- an"' 
 t^'>'»a. short ; abdomen Hat ; third and fourth longitudinal veins con- 
 vergent; lar,e, bare ^r^yhh dusted .species. IIv...u,mv/a Fallen 
 

 I 
 
 tr" 
 
 ^:vJ 
 
 Noinii AM:;i{:rAN DirriciJA. 
 
 Olio sternopU'ural bristle ; \viii<.'s witliout sjxits. ....:'. 
 No sttTMoplLMiral hristli'; wiiij^s with round, brown sjtots. 
 
 Krxonkiu.v Bi'ckcr. 
 
 Front tibije with .1 torniinul, short roctantjiihiriy si)inc (in addition to 
 
 tlitM)rdinary ' •itics). .... Acaxtiikcnkma l»ici<ir. 
 
 Front tibiiu without .**u(.ii spini>. ....... t 
 
 Ilypojn'jriuni with h)nu; tufts of hairs. . 
 llypopy^Muni without h)n<i tufts of hairs. 
 
 S 
 
 Tliird unti'inial joint somewhat idoni^ati", aniruhiti'd at tlio tip; oral 
 border with nutnerous, closely placed bristles. ...('• 
 
 Third antennal joint short, rounded at tij); oral border with two remote 
 bristles. Ii«)sTKUi!<)i'V(iA liecker. 
 
 Wintjs with two sujternumerary cross-vi-ins. IVxiONinA Zetterstedt. 
 Winfi;s not with supernumerary cross-veins. Okkma Zetterstedt. 
 
 First posterior (til closed Lasiksckhs Becker. 
 
 First p().sterior cell oi)en or but little narrowed ^( 
 
 Much clonj^ated species. . 
 
 Short or but little elonj^ated species 10 
 
 Middle and hind femora of the male stromrlv thickcJied. 
 
 All the femora slender. 
 
 St.kckkia Kondani. 
 CosMKToiMS liecker. 
 
 10. Third antennal joint rounded distally. . Mickoi'keski'a Becker 
 Third antennal joint an<;ulated distally 
 
 11. Mesonotum and lejrs thickly hairy. . . Si-atiikumioka Uondani 
 Mesonotuin and legs thinly and not lontr hairy 1l 
 
 12. Anter.nif small, abuulated at tip; arista thickened at base; small, short 
 
 11 
 
 {jray species. 
 
 TmcorAi.rLs Kondani. 
 
 Antenna' larjje, broad, rounded at tip; arista tMckencd to near the tip. 
 
 AciMtorNKMA Becker. 
 
 CLKIOASTIJIX-I'; 
 
 1. Five dorsocentral, tw(» scutellar, one posthiimeral bristles; black 
 
 species Ci.KKiASi ha Macciiiart. 
 
 Two or three dorsoci'iitral, front scutellar and two post-hunu'ral bris- 
 tles; honey-yellow species. . . Gimxomhua liondani. 
 
 noukllix.t:. 
 
 1. Front femora with two rows of stronfj; bristles, the outer ones lonj; and 
 
 stronji', the inner ones short. 
 
 Noi{i:i,i,iA H. Desvoidv 
 
 Front femora with four spines, bristles on the outer side only, 
 
 AciiANTiKtLKNA Hoiidaiii. 
 
 I 
 
AXTIlo.MVlDJ.; 
 
 ."il?. 
 
 AXTII(>M\|J),i:. 
 
 Si.Killt.. ni(..l.'r:itvly lai-v Hirs. ,,ltrn ivs.-inLlin- tlu- .■•ui,- 
 "lOH li(ms,.-Hy. usually uoii-nictalli,. in ruh>v. AntfUiial arista 
 pluuH.s... i.ulH.s.MM.tcrl^aiv; ..yrs l,airy or l,;nv: nialrs ..tt.n 
 lioloptic. sonu'tiiu.'s hn.a.lly .li.-hopti,.. tlu' tVuialcs always 
 <li<-li<)I.ti('; abdomen coiuiM.scd ..f i,,nr or iivr sr-.,„.nts ; tiic 
 male -..nitalia oftrn with sul.anal api.en.la-es ; first ,,osteri,u' 
 (Vll of win-s broadly <,,„.»; l,ody olten without bristles; te- 
 ula' usually of considerable size. 
 
 The above detinition wilL in in<.st eases, distinguish the 
 inen.l,ers of this lai-o family of in.-onspi.MH.uslv colored Hies 
 Itshmits, however, are not sharp; with the .rue muscids it 
 IS connected by J/o/r///<, and allied foruis. with the Scato 
 pl.aoi.la- by F.r./h'a, etc. When cu.e has becon.e tolerai>lv 
 well acquaint.',! witli the allied lan,ilies, he will s.ddom be 
 much m doubt as to the proper loeation of his speein.ens hen> 
 The 0(mtiguity <.f the mule eyes, to-ether with the open first 
 po..terior cell, is always decisive. Not a few of the species 
 are common about houses, out-buildin-s. etc.. and some of 
 them are amon- the worst enemies to garder. vgetables that 
 the agriculturist has to contend against. 
 
 In tlie larval stage, the great majority of the speci(>s are 
 vegetable feeders, either in living or d,>caving material The 
 larvae of species of Sj>i/n;/asfn; ll,,d,;,t,rn, ll,,le,n,h, an.l 
 Civmsni have been found in dung or manure; those of //y,/ro- 
 Uva, (>t/li!m>,A„fho„nj;a, lfo,„alo,>, ,,;<,, etc., in (h-cavin- v^-- 
 otable material; those of Jh,ir,„!,h,, AHtlunn,,h,, lhn„oll,n,h,, 
 etc., mthe nests of various hymen<.ptera; those of M,',,hvn 
 from SpermophUa and Minn.s. Larva> of various spVcies 
 or Phnrbia are very .lestructive to growing radishes, onions, 
 cabbage, etc., feeding upon the roots. The larva, are either 
 slender and .-ylindrical, or Hat and (,val, with four rows 
 of tlr 'ad-like processes on the segments. ]5(,th types are 
 n'nphipneustic, an.l an- always provided with two chitinous 
 
 It! 
 
it 1 
 
 VM 
 
 NOIM'U AMKIJK'AN DIl'TKKA. 
 
 inoiitli-liooklcts. TIh' i)uj)iu'iuiii is oviil in tlic siuootli ('\ liii- 
 dri(!al forms, or fattened in tlu* otliers. 
 
 The Hies have received but little attention in tliis eount"v 
 and not a j^'reat deal elsewhere. The t'ollowiii!^' table has been 
 mostly compiled from Meade. Sehnabl. Ivondaiu and Sehiner, 
 with the aid of the table <dven l)v Townsend. 
 
 Tegula and antite^jula are the terms [)roposed by Osten 
 Saeken to indicate resjx'ctively the lower and nj»per scales. 
 
 If- 
 
 I ' 
 
 TABLK OF (JKNKHA. 
 
 1. Front in hotli scxi's wiilc, iiicludinu: iit loiu . onc-tliini of tlio width of 
 
 tilt' lu'iid of till- niiiie. . 1(» 
 
 Front narrow in tlie niiiio, iiL'vcr more than ono-tiftii of tiio width of 
 the head, often hoioptie or suh-holoi)tic. ..... 2 
 
 2. Tejiula h.r<jer tlian the antitejiula. ......■'! 
 
 'I'effuhi an<l antiteijfuia of nearly equal size, neitlu'r iiir<ii'. . . 14 
 
 .'». Front femora of the males with tuber. U'.* or emarjrinations helow, or 
 otherwise peculiarly constructed ; front tibia' often with emartjfina- 
 tlons; hind femora often arcuate; middle and hind tibi:i> sometimes 
 with tufts of hairs; arista always somewhat pubescent, sometimes 
 distinctly i)luinose; eyes bare (if hairy (hlinitoutha liond.); abdo- 
 men without maerocha'ta' ; species black or blue-black in color, 
 
 sometimes pollinose Hydrot.ka Desvoidy, 
 
 Front femora simple in the male 4 
 
 4. Proboscis projectinjr, horny, the labella slender and pointed, turned 
 
 backward, hook-like; antenna* short, arista pubescent, eyes bare; 
 
 moderate-si/ed, blackish {jray species. . Dkymkia Meigen. 
 
 Proboscis not horny and hook-like , . 5 
 
 6. Eyes hairy, more so in the male; arista plumose; abdomen not spotted, 
 
 Hyktodksia Uondani. 
 Kyes bare (5 
 
 <). Abdomen distinctly spotted 
 Abtloinen not spotted. . 
 
 9 
 
 7. Arista plumose; hypopygium small; blackish pray, yellowish gray or 
 
 reddish yellow sjH'cies. Si'iM)(iAs;!;u Macquart. 
 
 Arista bare H 
 
 K. First posterior cell not coarctate. . Limx«)puora Desvoidy. 
 
 First posterior cell coarctate in the margin Li;reoMi;i.iNA Mac(|uart. 
 
antiiomviim;. 
 
 ]:',:, 
 
 "•*. Arista plumose 
 Arista hari*. . 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 10. Sixth voiti of tlK. winjrs ,.rolon.r(.,l to tlio lu-sti-rior mar-in of tl.e 
 
 \vil|<r ,, 
 
 .,.,'"". lIVhKOI'IIOKIA Disvoidv 
 
 Sixth vcMM not prolonjre.1 .Mv...ka iHsvoi.iy. 
 
 11. Sixth vein of tlK- winos very short, with the axillarv vein n.rv...! 
 
 towards it at the tip " ,., 
 
 Sixth vein elongated. ... ,~ 
 
 ]■> 
 
 12. AlMlon.en .lepressed. nearly hare; hea.l hemispherieal. eon.posed al- 
 
 most wnolly of the eyes; antenna- shorter than the face, the third 
 J.nnt often elon-ate.I ; le-s nio.ierately Ion- the middle pair in the 
 male often with j.eculiar struetures ; Maek or -rav sj.eeh's some of 
 them eon>m.m in .hveliino: honse.s. . . II<,mai.<,.mv,a Houehe 
 Ah.i<,men narrow, sul.,-yli„drieal ; tnales velvety hiaek with spotted 
 
 ahdomer. . \ i» . , 
 A/i;i.iA Desvoidy. 
 
 r.]. Dark metallic black or l.iue-l.lack species; hind tihia. often arcuate- 
 
 alidomen oval. . . . (>,.,,».. . n • i ' 
 
 . ••-..( )vu\ KA Desvoidv. 
 
 Spec.es otherwise coIore<l than shinin- black or metallic blue- hind 
 
 tibi-.c not arcuate (/in,r/n/o,Jufn, Giglio-Tos). Anthomv.a Meigen. 
 
 14. Arista plunuKse; moderate .sized to small, ehm.-ate species, of -ray or 
 
 blackish color; eyes bare; abdomen usuailv with siib-'anal'appen- 
 
 (liXfTva in the male. . . itvi ■ «v.. i^ • i 
 
 . . • ■ • . in i.i.Mi lA Desvoidv. 
 
 Arista bare or slightly pubescent. • . . . i -, 
 
 lo. Kyos hairy; black species with theabd..men sometimes reddish yellow. 
 
 .... Lasioi s .Meiiren. 
 
 Lyes bare (inclusive of Pn/oin/ia am] PhurJ,;.,). Viunnovmux Kondani. 
 
 10. I'alpi dilated spoon.sha,.ed j^,,,,, Unrvilh. 
 
 I alju slender, not dilated. . i- 
 
 17. Arista plumose. . . r^.i,.^,. i^ -i 
 
 . . ' I AIMCDA Desvoidv. 
 
 Arista pubescent or bare. . . ,"u 
 
 1 c 
 
 IH. Tegula larger than the antitegula, both of mocUTate size. 
 
 ,p , , . , „ C.KNOsiA Meigen. 
 
 Icguhi and antitegula of equal size, both small.* 
 
 SciKKNoMv/A Ilalidav. 
 
 * I he genus Fucel/ia Desvoidy is relegated to the Anthomvi.he bv Ik-cki-r 
 The known American species (/..furornm) lives ahmg the seash.lre It is 
 rather thickly bristly and the hind femora in the male have a ron.M.icuous 
 tuft of short black bristles near their ba.se. 
 
t\1 
 
 i.'u; 
 
 NOKTII AMKKirAN DIITKRA. 
 
 ^j» 
 
 'f- IS 
 
 [i ■•<.'■: 
 
 (h-.^ 
 
 53. (KSTKID.E. 
 
 Flios of moderate to rather lari,'(' si/o, tliick-sct, usually 
 more or less pilose. Head large, the lower jiart more or less 
 swollen. Aiiteniue short, three-jointed. (ie('nml.H'nt, and more 
 or less sunken in the facial groove or grooves ; arista bare or 
 plumose. Mouth opening small, the moutli-fiarts sometimes 
 rudimentary, never large. Front broad in both sexes, in the 
 male broader in front. Eyes comparatively small, bare. 
 Ocelli present. Thorax robust, with a ilistinct transv*'rse 
 suture. Abdomen short, conical or but little elongated ; gen- 
 italia of the male hidden, the ovipositor sometimes elongated. 
 Legs moderately long, the hind pair sometimes elongated. 
 Tegulie usually large ; sonu^times small. Xeuration of the 
 wings Muscid-like, in most cases the tirst jiosterior cell nar- 
 rowed or closed; anal cell small, usually indistinct; discal 
 cell sometimes absent. 
 
 This family, though of small size comparatively, is of the 
 greatest interest by reason of the habits of the larvie, all of 
 which that are known are parasitic upon mammals. The adult 
 flies often have rudimentary mouth-i)arts, and devote the 
 whole of their brief existence to the labors of i)roereation. 
 Only about seventy species are known, and they are generally 
 called bot-flies, though the name is frequently api)lied es- 
 pecially to the bot-fly of the horse. Parasitism occurs in three 
 principal ways, in the stomach and digestive tubes, in tumors 
 formed by the larva* under the skin, and in the pharyngeal and 
 nasal cavities. With but few exce{)tions each species is con 
 flned to a single species of nmmmal, and each genus or each 
 group of allied species is parasitic in the same way upon sim- 
 ilar animals. Seven species of Gastro^jJiilits are found in the 
 stomach and intestines of the horse and ass. Thirteen species 
 of Jft/podermti. are known to live under the skin of the horse, 
 the ox, the buffalo, the sheep, the goat, four species of an- 
 telope, and the musk deer. Two species of (Enfronn/ia like- 
 wise infest the skin of Lfu/omt/s and Ifiipmhritn. (Eihnooijtnta 
 
(i:STl{Il).K 
 
 i;!7 
 
 tnmmri is parasitic in -reat mniibors in tl.c skin of the roin- 
 (leor in botlv Siberia and bonsai America. Four ..r tive sjuM-i.-s 
 of (Ksfn,, live in the nasal sitnis.'s of slH-ep. antelope, an.l 
 horse {h'hhnr.trus). One species of Cri^hnhn,, ./h, lives in the 
 nasal cavities and throat of the camel and buffah. Six or 
 seven species of i>i>h,'nn„,,h, have been found parasitic, in 
 the pharyngeal cavities of vari,.ns Cervids, while various spe- 
 cies of Cnti'i'hm and h'n,jrniinf,ra have been bred from the 
 skm or scrotum of different rodents, and oi.ossums Two 
 species of Jhnnatohh,, from the skin of doj,rs, cattle, eats, 
 deer, and i)robal)ly apes aiul man. 
 
 TABLE OF GI-XKHA. 
 
 IMAOIXKS. 
 
 1. Moutli-parts very small or nidinu.ntarv; arista hare o 
 Proboscis fronic-ulato, insortcMl i„ a .i.-l-pslit; fo.nak. without oxtri.ato 
 
 ov.posuor; first posterior crll narn-wc-.l or closc-,1 ; arista I.aro or 
 plumose. ... 
 
 
 
 2. Face witli a metlian f^roove 
 
 Face witi. a broa.l, jreutly arehe.l slm.i.l'shape.l surface; firit posterior 
 cell narrowed or closed; tc^M.he iar^c.; f.male with elongated ovi- 
 positor; larva) iiypodermatic. 
 
 - Tl.e fourth lonoitudinal vein runs straij^^ht to the margin of the win- 
 te^ula. small; female ovipositor elongate; larva- in ston.ach an.l 
 
 mtestmal canal (J..stho..„,u;s Leach. 
 
 J.rs posterior cell narrowed or closed; te.uula. lar^e; ovipositor not 
 olonfiate; larva'in nasal and pharyn.ireal cavities. ... 4 
 
 4. First posterior cell closed and petiolate; body nearly bare. 
 
 / 1 ' • T ' 
 
 First posterior cell narrowly o,,en ; bo.ly pilose. Ceciknomvu rli^Hcl 
 
 5. Palpi wantinir. . n , 
 
 Palpi present. Ivookhma Latroille. 
 
 <Li)AM.\GKNA Latreille. 
 
 <>. Arista plumo.se on tlie upper side. 
 
 Arista bare short and stout; te^ula, larfre;'winf;s wiihout" stump at 
 angle of fourth vein (Mexico) jj^,,,,, ^^J^^,^ 
 
 7. TarsM^oad. flattened CxioKKnH. Clark. 
 
 larsi slender. . Ti , 
 
 l>i:HMAT<)mA Hrauer. 
 
% 
 
 l.'is 
 
 NniMMI AMERICAN DIITKKA. 
 
 :\W 
 
 i 
 
 LAUV-K. 
 1. Last ahilominal sciinient free, bmadly attaclicil. .... -J 
 Last alxloininal scjiriu-nt (twdftli) ritractih' within tlic pn-ci'diiif:, small 
 and distinctly coiistricti-d. . 7 
 
 '2. LarviP with two jtair.s of chitinizcd jaws, tliat is witii two outer nioiith- 
 hooklets, and two iniiur, strai>;lit, trianuular jjoints (Ilorst's). 
 
 (lASTKorniu s. 
 Larva* with two or no mouth liooklots . ;) 
 
 ."». Larvic on the median se^fnients with tlorsal, spindie-shaj)i'd tuhcrcics ; 
 one pair of moutli-liookiets present. ...... 4 
 
 Larvse without such tultercles ; one i)air or no inoutli-iiooklets ])risent. ''» 
 
 4. Antennii' broadly separated; body oval, stroiifjly coi.vex aJtove, flat l)e- 
 
 h)w (Sheej*) (Kstki s. 
 
 Antenna! approximated or contifiuous; Ixxly elonj.'ated, somewhat 
 l)r()ader in front tlian behind (Deer). . CicriiicxoMYiA. 
 
 5. No moutii-hooklets. 
 
 Two snuiU inoutli-hooklets present (Rodents). 
 
 0. Bristly coverinj; alike above and below (Reindeer), 
 liristles stronj^er below than above (Ox, etc;.) . 
 
 7. Larvie oval (Rodents, Marsujtials) 
 
 fi 
 
 (KSTKOMVIA. 
 . (P]l»AMA(iKNA. 
 
 IIyi'odku.ma. 
 
 ClTKHEHKA. 
 
 Larviu club-shaped, more slender jjosteriorly (Articnlactyls, Carnivora, 
 
 Primates). 
 
 DKItMAToniA, 
 
 k^ 
 
 .*. 
 
 Usually thick-set, inoilerately large to ratlior small flios. 
 Front in both sexes broad, thoiit^h usually somewhat narrower 
 in the male. Arista of the antennae plumose to the middle or 
 a little beyond, the distal ])()rtion bare ; this last character 
 a^one is the ultimate distinctive one of the group. Abdomen 
 composed of four visil:le segments, with the macroclueta' 
 usually conKned to the distal portion, though sometimes occur- 
 ring on the n)argin of the second and following segments and 
 very rarely on the disk ; male hypopygium often prominent. 
 First posterior cell of the wings always much narrowed or 
 closed. 
 
 This family of flesh-fli(>s. as thev are often called, though 
 
SAlJCOlMlAdlDJv 
 
 i.;<) 
 
 »'<'ini.nsn-lMit(w.i.arativ,.l,vrr\vuvu.n,J,as;, .4T^at.■,•,MllulM.,• 
 ot sprrirs and in.iivi.Iiials. K„r th,. „M.st [.art tl... spr.-irs aiv 
 tolrral.ly uniform in (•(.](. rati.,,,, an,! at ti,-st si-l.t s,-.-,., scaivc- 
 ly .Iisv,i„-„i,sl,al,l(., i.a,vin-a-,-avst,'ii.,.,l tli.>,-ax an.l n,ain,n,Mt.. 
 :il..l(.n,n,. T!..en,oro metallic (•„l(Mv,ls,u.,-i..s of rv,,.,,,./;,,;,„.l 
 (>nrs,n aiv cxc-i.tions. Tl... Hi.'s a,v tn,„„l evM-vwhriv". ahoul, 
 <l<'<'ay„,,- v.-..tati(.n, (vsprrially In.it. ..x,-,vn„M,t. .i.M.u„.p,.sin- 
 furcasscs, etc. 
 
 TIm' larva- arc ix.lyj.ha-n.is in liahit. I..,'.li„i,r ,ip„„ ,l,.,.avi„..- 
 animal or xe^^vUMv mattr,-. or livinj,^ pa,-asiticallv in tli." Hrsh 
 ot dmm>ntanin,als. in tl.,- „asal cavitirs of man an.l other 
 unimals, ,n ulcei-s, ..tc. Tl,.- larva* of Cynn,,,.,;., liv,- in ^nvat 
 numhc-s in tl,. (le..<),ni.osin- carcasses of vcflnate animals. 
 ihc larva' of Sarmphn,/,,. wliich ai-c oitcn extruded by the 
 l)arent Hy alive, jiave been found und,.r the skin of turtli's in 
 the stomad, of f ^-s ; and most of th.- cas.-s of mviasis tliat 
 have been reported, other than those due to the larva- of 
 Coinpsomifia and Calllj,hnrn, have been caused bv the nia-<rots 
 of thesi,ecie.s of this -enus and those of Sn,'ru,,hUn. '^The 
 larvce of several species have be.-n found i„ snails, in beetles, 
 the jmp* of moths, etc. 
 
 The Sareophagid hirva^ are roundel, thinner anteriorly and 
 aniphipneustic. Ti,e antennae are short, thick, cylin.irical, 
 divergent, wart-like tubercles, each with two ocellus-like chit- 
 inous rings at the ti]). The mouth-hooklets are distinct, 
 strongly curved, and separated from each other. The abdo- 
 minal segments are distinctly differentiated by transverse 
 svvellings, and are each provide.l with a girdle of spines. The 
 hind stigma-plate is situated in a deep cavity, which is formed 
 by the last segment alone. The anal swelling is two-pointed. 
 The pu])arium is oval. 
 
 TAIJLK OK (iKNIOKA. 
 
 1. First posttTior cell closo.l or very .auch nam.WiMl in the 
 First posterior cell open. 
 
 Miarj^in 
 

 I n> 
 
 NOKI'II A.MKUICAN DII'l'Kli A 
 
 //if i 
 
 c\>l':. 
 
 Aliildiiini witli Ixitli ilisral ami iiiar'^iriiil inaci'd'.'liicta' dm tlic >c'('i)tiil ami 
 folIowiiiLi' fciiriK'nts. ..... 1' vi;.vmim'II<> Wiilii. 
 
 Alxloiiiiiiiil .»i"^fiiiciits with iliscal iiiacniclia'ta', ....;; 
 
 Ki^^«t l(>iij.ntu(liiial vi'iii liri.-<lly. .Ioiinsunma ('i)(|iiillct!. 
 
 l-'irst l(>ii<i;itu(liiial vein not liristly. SAi:(,"<>i'mi.(»i)i> Hraucr ami IiiTtr. 
 Aliiloiiu'ii Idack or iiirtallic, uiiicoloroiis ami Imt sliirhtly pruiiiosc. ."> 
 Ahiloiiu'ii ,1,'ray, i'Iiktous or partly ofliract'ons, witli liiack ri'llcctiii^' 
 spot."*. ........... 7 
 
 lly]iopyiiiiiiii vi-ry jiromiiu'iit ; .I'jis more or Ii'S.>* hairy. . (1 
 
 llypopyyiuiii coiu'i-alci! : Ic^s not hairy; ahiioiiR'n iiu'tallic; curvaturi' 
 of t'oiirth vein with an olituse aiigk' and without stutnp. 
 
 (►nksia Di'svoidy. 
 
 Alxloini'ti tisuiilly l>hu'k ; tiliiii* (k-nsfly liairy. I'miussoi'oha Macquart. 
 Abdomen inctallic; tiliiii' witli short hair. C'vnomvia Desvoidy. 
 
 All the tihite on the outer side witli a eoinlt-like row of lonj;, .itout 
 hri.stle.>*. ........ TiiKiiiA Disvoidy. 
 
 Til)ia> without bristle.* or with irrejrularly jilaeed ones. . . . H 
 
 Apical cross-vein more oblique than the posterior one. . . . (• 
 
 Apical and posterior cross-veins in nearly the same line; two orbital 
 
 bristles in the 9. "'••'t' i" the $. SaK( (H'iiA(iA Meifjen. 
 
 '.). Two orbital bristles in each sex. 
 Two orbital iiristles in the 9(^0 
 
 SAH('oriiA(iUi.A Wulp. 
 Helicohia Coquillett. 
 
 Tu). .^[usc^).'E. 
 
 Ratlior small to ino(l«M'ately large, never elon,i,'ate, thinly 
 hairy or bare Hies. Antennal arista plumose to the tip; some- 
 times above only, and rarely bare, in which cases the absence 
 of bristles on the abdomen, except at the tip, together with 
 the distinctly narrowed tirst jiosterior cell, characters distinc- 
 tive of the group, will distinguish the Hies ' elonging here 
 from its allies. Eyes of the male approximated or contigu- 
 ous: front of female broad. Eves bare or hairv. Alulomen 
 composed of four visible segments. Genitalia not prominent. 
 
 Like the Sarcophagida", the species and individuals of this 
 family are common everywhere. The coiiunon hous(^-tiy, the 
 tyjie of the group, has a cosmoi)olitan distribution wherever 
 man exists. Other species, which ;ire scar(*ely less common 
 and widelv distributed, are the common lilue-bottle and blow- 
 
MlSclDj;. 
 
 11 
 
 ni;-s nH.n.l.Ts ..f ,1... .,,,„,,, /^,,.;/., ^,„,, , ,,//^^^^,^^.,,_ ^^ 
 wnl.-lykn,.nn :nv ,1... stal.l.-tlv or ..nti.-Hv. -V,.....,.. ,\,i 
 
 tlU- honi-fiy. H,l„nttnlu,,. 
 
 '"•""^•""■'••'"'tu-illthriv.. in alinost.nv kind. .r tilth. I 1,,,;: 
 •van.l rluMn tnuu tlu- .Irrayin,' n.wtvri,.! in tl,.. hnUnnis' of 
 sinttonns mini with tohan.o. Tin. ^..n.a^.lavsal,nnton..hMn- 
 .ln.. and t,ty ....sMvhiH. hat..h in on., or two ,l:.vs, an.nnln.^ 
 o tlu- w..atiH.r. Th,. larva, attain th.-irlnll ,l..;-..h>,,n,..n, in 
 
 ^■■•••'' <iv,. to s..v,.n .lays, an.l th..n. ..raw!in,Mnt., s,,nn. s..,.lu.i...l 
 
 l'l:u-<'. tnu^.t.n-mint., ,mpa^t■r..n> whn-htlH.v,.n,..r,v inal t 
 
 ■s.x .lays as n.atu.v ins^.ts. tho... <,r th.- autnn.n l.roo.ls 
 
 .v.uainn,,M.y..rwint..rasi.u,.an:.. In ,,artiallv sn-lmlnl snots 
 
 lu. nuttuiv fly will sonu-tinn-s surviv tin- winfr. Th.- .'ins- 
 
 t.'r-Hy, P..l/r>na no/Is. is yt n.o,v n.n.arkahl,. in this last 
 
 aspect <>;t.nin.arlys,nn,. ,,,.. .v..n. luring nul.l. la vs.,,' 
 the w.nt..r they n.ay h. ohs.M-v.-.l ....awlin. ahout ov.-r tin- m.ow 
 >" "un. hers. Th,.y are stnpi.l an.l slow an.l hav.- .v.-eiv..,! the 
 name oi eluster-^es U.nn tlu-ir hahit of e.,n.„.j,atin. in elus- 
 ers a K>ut .hvellings. They n-sen.l.l,. a hlow-Hv s.^n.^vhat. 
 l»Ut u-i 11 be d.stn.,uish..,l i>v the p.vsenee oi sUoH, depresse.l 
 sparse h;,ht colored hairs on th.- thorax. Tin- larva- of speeies 
 
 f "^/7>;^--< especially ..f C. //.,/.. are better known, 
 
 perhai>s than those of any other ins..,. Th.-y ar.. the ..onuno,; 
 
 Uow-Hv niaggots of fresh an.l .h-.-aying meats an.l ve,.,abl..s 
 
 Ihe cookn,^ of ..orned be.-f or turnips .,r ,-abba.vs .lurin-^ 
 
 warm weath.-r is sure to attract nnn.bers of thJse insect^ 
 
 winch are quite noticeable for their loud hununin,: an.l hea.b 
 
 long flight. In the ari.l regions oi northern Wvomin.^ the 
 
 writer luus seen them in extraor.linarv numbers, '^mny 
 
 miles from the nearest human habitation." Either their ..o.; 
 
 or the newly hatched larva- are .h-posite.l upon meats, an.l 
 
 "Iv a day or two is sutib-i.-nt to transb.rm the mass into a 
 
 < seeping mass ol disgusting maggots. The larva- of spc .-i.-s of 
 
142 
 
 NOirni AMEinCAN diitkua. 
 
 !-|fl 
 
 m 
 
 Kir- 
 
 t-i: ; 
 
 this genus sometiinos have liahits siiiiihir to those of Cowpso- 
 iiiifhi. The blue-bottle and green-bottle flies have habits 
 identieal -with those of CnUlplinra, but tlieyare not so common. 
 The screw-worm fly. an insect common over nearly all of 
 North and South America, is a bright shining green or golden 
 green in color, but will be distinguished from the blue-bottles 
 by the presence of blackish stripes on tlie thorax. It depos- 
 its eggs, whicii liatch almost immediately, in decomposing 
 matter, as do other members of the familv, but it will also lav 
 them in the ulcers of cattle, or wounds, or at the orifice of the 
 hunuin nose, especially when attracted thereto by a fetid breath. 
 The larva' in these cases (piickly j)enetrate within the nasal 
 and frontal sinuses, sometimes to the number of a hundred or 
 more, quickly producing fever, extended ulceration and in fre- 
 (pient cases, death. These cases of jVh'iasis, as the affection 
 is called, are not very frequent in North America, but have 
 been not seldom recorded from South America. Sorrophila 
 Wolilfdhrti, a European species, has similar habits. 
 
 The group of Stomoxyime includes the common stable or 
 cattle-fl}', the liorn-fly and the famous tsetze fly of Africa and 
 Australia, all of which lay their eggs in fresh dung. The 
 horn-fly is a recent introduction from Europe, and has now 
 extended ovrr nearly all of the United States. An allied spe- 
 cies, Hd'tudtohlit aids Snow, lives among tlie moose of the 
 northern woods. The tsetze fly is ])erhaps the most famous 
 of the group. Its bite is so poisonous that the regions which 
 it inhabits are reiulered impassable for horses and dogs, 
 though it is less troublesome to other animals. 
 
 The larvie of Muscina liave been found in decaying veg- 
 etables, dung, fungi and the larvie of various lej)idoptera. 
 The larvfij of (irnphomif'm and Mesonhn'iKt have been found 
 in cow and horse dung. 
 
 The following table is that of v. d. "Wulp (l)iol. Centr. 
 Amer. Dipt, ii, 291) with the addition of those genera Udt yet 
 known from Central America. 
 
MrsciDj.:. 
 
 It;; 
 
 TAHLK OF (;KXKI{a. 
 
 2. Palpi nearly as lon<r as tlu. ,.rol,„s,.is. . i| , mat.„u. n • . ' 
 
 J'alpi shorter than the prohuseis. . Sto . .v " 
 
 .5. Arista pluMJOse on l)otli sides. 
 
 Arista hare or plumose al)oveonlv • • • • . o 
 
 ' ' ' ■ ■ -4 
 
 <>. Curvature of fourtli vein auirular. 
 
 Curvature oi fourth vein roun.le.l or areuat(^ .' ' ' 
 0. Eyos pilose. . 
 
 Kyesbare. .'■.■■■■ ' ^■'<'-*^^'" ^ v. ,1. Wu],,. 
 
 7. Mi,|.llenhhe.ithout bristles on the inner ^i.le (hlaekish speeies .,th 
 e>..„H.nnH.re or less yellow, hut always witlunan^^^ 
 
 12 
 
 oration). 
 
 • Mi-scA Linne 
 
 11 
 10 
 
 Mi.idle tihi>. with one or n.ore hristh." ,>n the inner M.leTff I 
 
 n,etaine coloration on the ah.onK.n ..r other ;;:;::;;t !;;r;^-'^ 
 «. 1 horacic dorsum usually blaekish. 
 
 Thorax, scutellum and abdomen bri.aht'ly metallic. 
 1'. Dorso-central bristles present. 
 
 Dorso-contral bristles absent; no bristles above the vibriss^e. 
 
 in 'PI . , , CULOKOI-HOC TA V. (1. Wulp. 
 
 10. 1 horax and abdomen with depressed hairs amon. the bristles espeei- 1 
 \y noticeable near the root of the winf^s. I'o, r knu I'w . . 
 
 No such liairs present n '•''''^'* Dcsvoi.Iy. 
 
 11 -P, . , • ■ . . ( Ai.Mi.fioHA Desvoidv. 
 
 H. 1 horacic .lorsum with rather .listin..t black and whitish stripes 
 
 '"'z::: ■::;:;-'"- "-- -=~;, 
 
 io \\M II ,,. ' ■ ■ l-ii't ii.iA Desvoidv. 
 
 IJ. \V holly metallic species. „ 
 
 l:!. Apic,m.r„», vol,, ,Ii,,i,K.t, I„„s,.r ,l,„„ ,1,,^ ,..r„',i„„l' ,,o,-,i,„. „, ,','' 
 
 ''™r..;r::;;i;' "•"■■"';"";;"•"-■ '■■■""" v,.i„ .,.„.„ „„„,„i» ,„ it 
 
 < Mn rnil.i „„ly ; „,„i,,l ,,,,|| „i,|„ „,,,„ ,„ ,i|, „,. „,.,^^, j^. 
 
0: 
 
 144 
 
 NoKTiI AMKHICAN DirTKUA. 
 
 ' P lit 
 
 '];■ 
 K 
 
 14. Aiitcniiii' a' ' asc sliulitly sopanitcd by a c-arina (Ixxly jiri-y or partly 
 
 rufous ivitli a wi-U-ik'tincd black pattern). (JuvriioMViA Disvoidy. 
 Antfiiiia' not st-paratid by a carina lo 
 
 15. Mitldb- tiliiiL' with a bristlt' on inner side; apical cell widely opened. 
 
 MicSKMiiiuNA .vlacijuart. 
 Mkskmukimci.i.v (ii}>lio-Tos. 
 Middle tibia> without bristles on inner-side; ai)ical cell somewhat nar- 
 rowly opened {<'i/rl(niii(ni pt. i>reoc.) Mouki.i-IA Desvoidy. 
 
 10. Eyes ])i!ose. 
 Eves bare. 
 
 Myiosi'Ii.a Desvoidy. 
 . 17 
 
 17. The first vein terminates at tip of costa ; fourth vein witii a distinct 
 curvature near tip of wiriff (Ci/rlunciini pt. j)reoc.) 
 
 MrsciNA Desvoidy. 
 
 The first vein terminates before the middle of the eosta ; fourth vein 
 
 scarcely curveil forward at its distal eml. (^i,iN(ti'KUA v. d. Wulp 
 
 ? 
 
 ;■ i. tj 
 
 I : 
 
 ■ t\ i 
 
 no. TACHINU).^. 57. DEXIIJKE. 
 
 Katlior small to rather large, bristly files, thinly or not at all 
 pilose, usually thick-set. Eyes of the male contiguous or more 
 approximated than in the female, pubescent or bare. Front 
 with a row of bristles on each ude, descending to the anteniue, 
 with or without orbital bristles. First joint of anteniue 
 sliort; second joint usually shorter than the third; third joint 
 usually nu;re or less elongate, sometimes d'lated or fissured; 
 decumbent; arista bare (Tachinidie), pubescent or ])lumose 
 (Dexiidie), sometimes conspicuously jointed. Face always 
 with a well-marked nuMliun depression, which sonu'times has 
 a carina in its middle. Proboscis sometinu^s elongate, but 
 usually short ami with broad labella; palpi never with nu)re 
 than one articulated jjint, whicli is sometimes rudinuMitary. 
 Ocelli present. Abdouuni comjjosed of four or five visible seg- 
 ments ; with marginal and lateral and usually with dis- 
 cal bristles; sometimes nearly covered with strong, erect spini's. 
 Legs usually rather stout; sonu^times elongate and slender 
 (J)exii(he); always bristly. All the veins of the wings simi)le; 
 basal cells large; three posterior c. 'lis present, t'lie first of whicli 
 
 W 
 
TACIIlMDJi—DKviii).!;. 
 
 11, 
 
 is ahvays .kutow,.,! or cl<.se,I(s:,v. i,. thus.- nnvras.-s in wl.i..]. 
 the (iKstal section of tl... tnu.th is ohlit.-ratrd): anxiliarv v.-in 
 distinct 111 its whole ]en-;li. i\ ^-uiae lar-v 
 
 Xo other ^roup of Hies has pn^ente.l so manv <liniculties 
 to the student of systematic dipteruh-uT as has'the present 
 one. In Its entirety, with Init few exceptions, it is easilv 
 onou.^h dUferentiated. Flies in which the arista is bare tlu. 
 tegulae are well developed, an.l the Hrst posterior cell is nar- 
 rowed or closed, inayl,e unhesitatinj^ly referrd to the Tachin- 
 ida". Ihe Dexiida. gradually merge into that familv. and 
 it IS not always easy to positively distinguish them' The 
 presence however, of aristal j.lunu.sity with the other charac- 
 ters ot the more typical Ta.-hinids, that is. those in whi.-h the 
 dorsum of the abdomen is distinctly bristlv, will remove 
 doubt ot the correct location of any species possessing such 
 characters. L^nfortunately the .lifferentiation of the "..enert 
 and specues is vastly more diflicult, and will require nuu-h pa- 
 t.en and exhaustive study bebue a satisfac-tory .solution is 
 reached About two hundred and sevent^•-fiv"e genera, or 
 one-hfth of all the dipterological fauna, havi^alreadv been ac- 
 credited to North America. Some of tin- names ^.opo.se^l 
 vv.l unquestionably be re-hiced t. synonyms, but not manv 
 as the diaraeters used for generic distim-tions are often ex.-eed; 
 ingly slight. So inconspicuous are the <-haracters in many 
 spccies t.at only the practice.! eye will det.rt them 
 
 I Iiave not attempted to define or tabulate tlie gem^ra To 
 
 do 
 
 so, even imperfectly, would re.piiiv f 
 
 at my command. The best that I 
 
 \y complete list of the 
 
 ir more time than it 
 catKionow is to give a fair. 
 
 with their bibl 
 
 ,'enera said to occur in North A 
 
 student 
 the 
 
 lograpical ref'erenc 
 
 merica. 
 
 IS referred to th 
 
 e works t)f I 
 
 es. For further studv, tl 
 
 le 
 
 >rauer and I5ergenstamii 
 
 various j.apers of Townsend and Coquillett, an.l the vol 
 
 nine of the IJiologia Ceiitrali-A 
 The liabits of the mature Hv 
 membe 
 
 rs of the group. Th.-y will be found 
 
 luericaua by van der Wulp. 
 e similar for nearly all th 
 
 on vegetation, on 
 
ItC) 
 
 NORTH AMEinCAN DIITKIJA. 
 
 :i: 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 
 loaves or flo'.vcrs, in such places ii'j are frecpieiited hy tlie hosts 
 whicli they parasitize. Not a few will be eaiight with the 
 beating net. 
 
 Tiie larvje of the more typical Tachinida^ are thickeneil, 
 cylindrical and flattened below, the segments indistiiictly 
 differentiated, with transverse and lateral swellings, bare or 
 provided with tine, short spines. They are amphipneustic, 
 the anterior si)iraoles small and j)oint-like or multii)artite, the 
 posterior stigmatie {)lates large, strongly chitinized, and eaeli 
 with three, internally convergent grooves. The antennte are 
 wart-like, with two. ocellus-like, chitiiu)us rings, one lying 
 below the other. There but two mouth-lu.oklets. porrect and 
 but little curved. The puparia are oval, with the segments 
 slightly differentiated ; the skin is finely wrinkled, and boti' 
 ends are rounded. 
 
 In Orijptrra and Gi/mnnsoma, and probably in allied forms, 
 the larvje have a chitinous. anal stigmatie tube ; and the pu- 
 paria have six or two, similar processes. The larvie of Ifi/<il- 
 nniijin are translucent, smooth and metapneustic, the mouth- 
 hooklets very large; there are two, short, divergent, anal tubes. 
 
 The larvie of this group are all parasitic in habit, so far as 
 is known, and the parasitism is ])rol)ably confined to the early 
 stages of other insects. Their usefulness in kee])ing injurious 
 insects in check is immeasurable. 
 
 By far the largest number of species are parasitic upon 
 Lepidoptera, of which lujt less than four hundred have been 
 recorded. About seventy species are known to be parasitic 
 upon Hymenoptera, less than forty upon Coh^optera, eigiiteen 
 upon Orthoptera, live U[)on llemiptera. and as inany ui)on 
 other Diptera. 
 
 More particularly the observed parasitism of some of the 
 North Amei!can genera is as follows: 
 
 AriIAKTONKi;U.\, Ctiloittt'llliS, I)tili(t!s, Cif/n'roilUt, /hlftOKI, 
 Pi'ixft'fiid, Sp/iitiJ\ I'ttiK'ssa, Atilsoftf, .Ihtrifs, C/isioranipd, 
 Ift'/iofis, /'ri)f/(>/ii(i,ffi\: .Vuovuoi'iivr.AX : I'^in'litttrx. Srli'ir:- 
 
 :(■. 
 
TACHI\IIU:_l)i.:xill).K 14- 
 
 T;J-;'r' '')/":'^''^' nn,,;!.....,: „,:ssKr.v: I,.,,,...,,..: 
 
 «. (...KXO.V..: A, J,.,;.. ^,,^^^^, ,,,^ ^ J^^_ 
 
 m,..«, Sp/un.r; CTKXoP„OKorKK.v: r...... I)KX„i,Ks: J.--..., • 
 
 I^KA: /.,..,,;..,., LATHKr.u... J./..... r/./...;., /.,,.^,,,; . 
 
 KKA. J.VV./..../.., /.....,/,, 1>.,uakkont,.va: A>/. /..,.. I>.vn,.x 
 OKrsTA:7A./..., ,^,,,..,,,,, Vnouuu....: ,W.;,/ • i^ I I " 
 
 ^^....;Si^ixai.ta:P//o;...; Thk.a.ua: /'^./.V/ ',. T, k ^ 
 
 Tockka: y^..../.; Tkichopoda: Jnasa, I>iss.su;ra. 
 
 LIST OF (JKNKHA. 
 
 1 Aciiulona Wulp, 7, 4. 
 
 2 Aceiiiyia Hond., Pnid. 
 •5 Achanorieuru IJ. B., Ji, ;j-j4 
 
 IS Atroi.hopalpus Town., 18. 
 II' AtropliojK.da Town., ;!4, III 
 
 4 A( 
 
 rooantlia Wulp, 
 
 20 Hi 
 
 iiunilijinoria Mj-n, Svst. W 
 
 241 Arrof/lossa AVill., 9. 
 
 5 Adniontia B. li:, I, 104. 
 
 G AIoi)liora IM)., >.yo(l. 
 
 7 Arnetloria B. B., I, I0(j, 
 
 S Aniniohia IM)., xMyod. 
 
 1' An^iorhina B. B./i, ir.g 
 10 A 
 
 261. 
 21 Bath.vd 
 
 t'S .vii. 
 
 I'Xia 
 
 Wulp, 
 
 •)•» 
 
 nisia Wulp, 7, 18<; 
 
 11 Anthraconiyia Hiid., I'rod. 
 
 12 Aphria IM)., Myod 
 
 13 Araha IM)., Mvod. 
 
 14 A 
 
 raonopiis B. B., i, ;l(li. 
 
 1") Arc'liytas .); 
 
 Id A 
 
 oiin. N. Ex.Dipt., ;]02. 24 i 
 
 22 Ik'lvosia IM).. Mvod., 10^ 
 2;J Hi'.skia B. B., i, m_ 
 24 BivsK-ria IM)., Myod, 
 
 26 Blcpliiiridfa Und., Trod. 
 20 Hlt-pharipoza Maeq., D.E 
 
 27 Boloniyia B. B., II, ;}47. 
 
 28 noinbylioniyia B. B., I, l.'Jl. 
 
 2!> Hracliyconia Kiid. Prod, iii, i>o;i 
 
 ■!OCalodf.\ia Wulp, 7. 267 
 !1 (' 
 
 ii,;5,;)41. 
 
 iiiiarona Wuij), 7, 247 
 
 r^yrapliylaA- B. B., I, ]0;j 
 
 > latiirld C 
 
 "q., Ins. Life, ii.26.' 
 
 17 Atac'ta Sci 
 
 117 Alnijiliiinuld 'I 
 
 liiHT, Nov. KxikmI; 
 
 '52 CVrotnosia Bond. I'rodi 
 
 'wn., .•i4, III, HI2. 
 
 •' ( tiatonivit'Ila 'i'o 
 
 wn. 
 
 !4, III. 
 
Mi 
 
 ' ,1. 
 
 US 
 
 NOKTH AMKHI('A:n Dll'TKlJA. 
 
 "'be 
 
 • ■;)*!;:; 
 
 ;14 Cestonia Hoi"' Dipt. I'r. 74 Kuantlia Wuli), Tijd. Knt. xxvii. 
 
 ",'j {^liac'tottat'dia H. H., 1, II, •>>('). 75 Kiu'iuj.lialia Towns., :!4,1(;(!. 
 ;5(J Cliattoj.d()ssa Town.. ;i4, III, ll'o. 7(i Kudtxia H. H. 1, I, V2U. 
 
 o7 Cliai'to!y<,'a Hoiul., Dipt. I'r. 
 :!8 ("haetoiia Wiiii), 7, -J'):). 
 ;!»Cliai't()piaoiaCo(i., ;)l>, '."S. 
 
 40 t:iiat'topiiU'ps ('()(!., ;n, 51. 
 
 41 Cholonivia l^iJ.^, 4'J, xxxvii. 
 
 42 Chrv-sotachina B. B., 1, I, KU. 
 
 77 Kuinacronycliia Town., .■54,111,100 
 7H Kiiiasiona Towns., :!4, I!I. 10(». 
 7U Kutachina B. 1}.. 1, I, US. 
 
 50 Kuiilianoptcryx Towns. ,.'54. 1 11,121. 
 
 51 Knphoroc'cra Town.s., ;14, III, l|-_'. 
 
 52 Kiiryct'idin.via 'i"()wns.,;!4. Ill, II'). 
 
 43 Cisto.i-astiT Latr., An. Hcj,'., v,'2n s:} Kiiscopidia Towns., 34, 111, 12;;. 
 
 44 Clausiffiia Uond., Dipt. Br. .S4 Kutiicra Loi-w, Ci'nt. vii, S.'), ISCiC. 
 
 45 Cliiiojrii'^tir Will]), '•>, IHU. S5 Kutliyprosopa Towns., .')4, III, lot!, 
 4(i (Tinonc'ura B. B., 1, I, 110 SO Kxorista Mci,u-.,Iili<;vr's .Ma,!--. ISO:!. 
 
 47 Clista .Mlm-t., S.vst. Bcs., vii, 20S. S7 Kaltriria H.-l)., Myod. 1830. 
 
 48 Clistoniorplia Town., ^H, 170. SS Krontina Mi.'i<;-., 
 40Clytiomyia Uond.. Dipt. B". iv,0. 80 tiii'diophana B. IJ., iii, li:'.. 
 40 C/j/tia R.-D., Myod. 1S:50. 00 (iacdiopsis B. B., 1, I, ;l:;ti. 
 
 50 Coonosonia Wulp, 7, KUi. 01 Ginjiliinyia Town. 34, III, 118. 
 
 131 Com'/ops B. B , 1. I, 358. 02 (ionia Moi^., 111. Maj--. ii. 
 
 61 CordylojiastiT Mac'([.,I).E.,ii,3,60. 03 Goniacliaeta Town., 34, II, 251. 
 
 52 Cnc-phalia K.-D., Myc.d. 1S:10. 04 (Jyinnocliacta H.-D., Myod. 
 
 53 Cryi)t()nKMj>i'nia B. IJ., 1, II, 311. 05 Gynniotdytia B. U. 1. Ill, 157. 
 
 54 Cryptopalpus I\ond.. Dipt. I'r. 0(1 Gynniodi'xia B. P>. II.3(i4. 
 
 55 Cyithoccra .Mao(i,,Ann. Soc. Knt. 07 (iyinnoinina Wulp, 7,38. 
 
 ii, 2, 2(57, 1845. 08 Ciynmopanda B. IJ., 1, I, 103. 
 
 50 Ctonophoroci'ra B. B., 1, II, 330. •)!> (iynnioprosopa T'd., 34, III, 108. 
 
 57 Cyrtoplik'bia Bond., I)i])t. Br. 100 Gyinnoi)liania B. B., 1, I, 143 
 
 58 Dat'ocliiic'ta Totvn., 34, III, 07. 101 (iyninosonia Mt'i<r., 111. Ma};., ii. 
 50 I)fg(H'riaMoi'i-.,Syst.Bi's.vii,240. 102 Gynniostylia B. B., 1, I, 128. 
 OODi-xiaMi-iiT., Syst. Biscdir., v,33. 103 Ik'niitl'rixion B. B., 1, I, 114. 
 (11 Dt'xodc's B. B., 1, I, 87. 104 lU-ininiasicHia B. B., 1, f , 87. 
 
 02 Doxiosonia Bond., Dipt. I'r. i, 85 105 Ilrniyda K.-D., Myod. 22t). 
 
 03 Diclioccra Will.. 57. lOd llesporoniyia B. B., 1, I, 114. 
 
 04 Didyina Wulj*, 7, 15(). 107 lliniantostonia Lw, Gent, iv, 87 
 
 05 Distichona Wulp, 7. 40. 108 llonuxk'xia Bij;'., 44. 
 
 00 Dri'panofrlossaTown., 34, 11,377. 100 llyaloniyia IJ.-D., Myod. 208. 
 
 07 Ecliinoniyia Dunu'ril, 1708. 110 Hypantroplia;j:a Town., 7, 258. 
 
 08 Klacliipalpus Bond. Ill llyj)c'rtro]»liocira Towi. ., 34, II, 
 
 on Knvoiniuii Towns., 34, 371. 
 
 Ji) I- 
 
 U( 
 
 i\i r.pii.pus uond. 
 
 71 KpijiToniyia Town.s. ,.34, II, 375. 
 
 72 Krij-ont' K.-D., Myod. ls:Jo. 
 
 73 Ervia K.-D., .Mvod., 1830. 
 
 300. 
 
 112 Ilypostcna Meig., Syst. Besclir. 
 
 vii, 280. 
 
 113 Ilyria K.-D., .Myod. 
 
 Ill Ilystricia Macci-, I). E., ii, 3, 4;'.. 
 
TACIIIXID.K-DHXiiD.K. 
 
 ii:> 
 
 Zool. I.0O : ; -^ .■-•'I';'lpu.M,u-,,,H.N.,,ii.H,, 
 
 .ie la Nonl .1. France, 10!. i,;i Mvio,,l,a.Ma H. H., H ;!,;- 
 .. Laccoprosopa lown., :J4, II. .K^. m M viol.ia IM).. M v-.i' -.r 
 
 124 Las.ona Wul„, 7, 127. I<i4 .M, i..,ni,Ma H. H. f 00, 
 
 l-I^>t^.on.ura (;o,,.,J. X. y. ,.„,. ],;■> Mvi,.,,,,an,s R H i Kil 
 
 !>()C. 111. 50. uw \i ■ . • • ' "• 
 
 l->« Leskionuma H. B.. 1, „. 872. 170 XenH.ra.a IM).. Mv. 1 70 
 
 12!) Lt'ucostola Mon, m. y^.^^^ jj 
 ];J0 Lispidia Coq. :il,ol. 
 l;U Lotnvia K<rjrer. V. Z.-B. G. 
 lo2 Macquartia H.-D., Myod. 204 
 V-i-l Macrocliactiiia Wiilp, 7, 240. 
 l-'U Macroineigcriia B. I}., I, i]]i_ 
 l'»o Macrf)rii(.'t()})a li. H.. I. 117. 
 l'>») Macronycliia Hond. Dipt. iv. 
 
 I'l '^'I'l 'ilia Kond.. I'pod. 
 
 172 Xiotrattoci'ia Town., ;{4, III, loj 
 17;; ()('yi>tiTa Latr. II. X. Cr. xiv. 
 174 OcypnTula IMi, I'rod. 
 
 2.". Ofi//it,nisi/>/iii Town. 
 
 oO (Jts/ro/i/iiisid H. i}.^ ] I i]r^- 
 170 Ok'nocliaUa Town., 84, III, 1 ir,. 
 1~7 Ojjsidia ('(xj., ;!2, 102. 
 
 .11. 
 
 .;- Macropros.,paMacq.I).K.ii,:{,H:;. ,7s l^udiyopl.tlLlnni; H. H I 
 ■>H - optei^x Town. 18, 170. 17., I'a,a.i.,i..ania M. H. ,,1 I47 
 
 i-i!' Aiasifcra Mac.i. II \ l) i; ns iwo i> i- > . •■. '^.. 
 
 140 \f.. ,„ T, . ± ^ "• '^^- ^^^^ I'«'-a''Hlv,na H. H., H, 404. 
 
 140 .Masip.).Ia IJ. H. I, 102 
 
 141 Masi;)hya IJ. B., II, li.r). 
 
 142 Mofraprosopus Macq. 
 
 14;] Mi-jri-rli.., H..]).^ ^ly^^^l 2(U], 
 144 .Mojjaparia Wulp, 7, 240. 
 14o Meitronia H.-I),, Myo.l. 
 140 MtdanoplDi-a Mgn, III. Ma.t. 
 
 147 Mi-Ianoj)lirys Will., 48, ;JO.j. 
 
 148 Mi'laliMjca Wulp, 7, 247. 
 
 149 iMidanodexia Will., 07. 
 ir/) MosocluL'ta li. IJ., II, ;}4i 
 1''>1 Mt'taclni'ta C.)q., ;J2, 08 
 1')2 Mi'taplauia Coq., ;i2. 102. 
 
 1«1 I'arafrontina B. B., II!, 11"). 
 1.^2 rarahypoclu.'ta B. B., II, ;);{7. 
 If^-"! I'araiiKM)(lia.ta B. B., II, :i4i. 
 1^'4 I'araplioidfiTa B. B., I, <;o. 
 1^<-''rarapla,uia B. B., ll,;}r)4. 
 180 l'ari'.\oi-ista B. B., I, 87, 
 ii l^^T rartlicnia IM)., Mvod,, ;!22, 
 1«H IVk'teria IM)., Myo.l. ' 
 18!» IVntl..)sa Wulp, Tijd. voor Ent. 
 
 xxxiv, 08, 1802, 
 1!H) I'hania IM)., My.,d. 2:;;|. 
 lin l*lia^io(_'li!<ta Town., II.;;0!l. 
 I!»2 l'iiasi..pt..iy\ B, B, I, UO. 
 
1^1 
 
 lilO 
 
 NOUTII AMKIilCAN DIITKKA. 
 
 Nil 
 
 i 
 
 l(t;j I'horiiiitlia IMi, Trodr. 
 1!>4 I'lioricliuitii IMi, I'rodr. 
 ]!».') IMiorostotiui HI)., .Myod., ;L'(!. 
 1!K) IMiyto R-1)., 21>^. 
 
 in: I'lioroctTii iM)., i;n. 
 
 lOH riatria Mjrn, S. H. vii, 2!>1. 
 
 l!ll> IMaj:i(.prosi)liory.saT.I,:;4.ii, li:5 
 
 2(K) I'oilotafliina H. B., ii, 'Aoi). 
 
 201 Pol idea Maccj. Ann. Soc. Knt. 
 
 K., ii,(;,!l2, 184S. 
 
 202 Polyirastcr Wiiip, 7, 1:50. 
 20:5 Proriiynidiops P.. li., ii, :](;4. 
 
 204 Prosfna St. F. & S., Knc. Mi-th. 
 
 205 Projicnoidi's 15. B., ii, :;70. 
 20(! Pr.).s()])ii'a IMi. 
 
 207 Prosopodos! B. B., i, 00. 
 
 208 IV'udoclia'ta ("«)(i., 3:5, 000. 
 200 PsLMidoL'onia Town., 10. 
 
 •10 r 
 
 ro.^ipluTysa 
 
 Will] 
 
 >, I 
 
 117. 
 
 211 PscndojuTiiiaria, B. B. ii, or>2. 
 
 212 Pst'udoliystricia li. B., i, i:]2. 
 2i;] Psc'iidoniorinia Wulp, 7. 200. 
 214 Psc'udon)yiotIiyria'ro\vn.,iii,l')l, 
 21o Pst'udotractociTa Town., iii, 107. 
 21() Ptilocera IM)., 220. 
 
 217 Ptilodc'xia B. B. i, 110. 
 221 Rli(nnplil)u')i(i Bijf. 45. 
 
 218 Pyrliosia IMi. 
 
 210 Hiiinophora IM)., 258. 
 
 220 Khonihotliyria Wulp, 7, 250. 
 
 221 liliyncdiodi'xia Biji'., 45. 
 
 222 llilcya B. B. (pruoc.) 
 
 22;) Sarooi.-Hsta Town:, ;M, iii, 122. 
 
 224 Sarc'odi'xia Town., 52. 
 
 225 Sart'oinacTonycliia Td, iii. 100. 
 22(5 Sarcotac'liini'lla Town. ,."i4, iii, 110 
 
 227 Sardioc't'ra B. B.. i, 110. 
 
 228 SaundiTsia Sell., Nov. Ex. :]:',?,. 
 220 Scdiizotachina Walk., 1). Saund. 
 2;iOSc'opolia 1M).,2(;8. 
 
 281 Scotiptora Macii., D.K., ii, 8, 0.')7 
 2:52 Scnotainia Mai-ci., 1. c , Snji. i, Ki 
 
 2:5:5 Sericoccra Macci., II. N. 1). 11,105. 
 2:54 Slphot'lyta Town., :54, ill, 115. 
 2:55 Siphoc'lytis Town., :54 ill, 127. 
 2:50 Sipliona Mffn. 111. -Ma<,'. 11. 
 2:57 Sijdioplajiia Town., :54, 1, :550. 
 2:58 Sipliopliyto Town. 
 2:50 Sl.syropa B. B., 1, 10:5. 
 
 240 Soniok'ia IMi. 
 
 241 Spallan/ania, IMi. 
 
 242 SpluiTina \Vulj», 7, 205. 
 24:5 Spliixapata IMi. 
 
 244 Stt'iiodt'xia Wulp, 7, 24(1. 
 
 245 Stevonla IM)., 220. 
 
 24(; Stoniatodcxla B. B., i, 125. 
 
 247 Syiitlicsloniylii (Si'o Muscida'.) 
 
 248 Tuchina M<in, 111. Ma,ir. 
 240 Tachlnodfs B. B., i, 1:5:5. 
 
 250 Tacliliiomyla Town., :^4, iii, 00. 
 
 251 Tacdilnopliyto Town., :54, iii, 1:50. 
 
 252 Telotliyrla Wulp, 7, 107. 
 25:5 Ti'trajrrapha B. B., ii, 051. 
 
 254 Thclaira IM)., Myod. 214. 
 
 255 Tiii'lairodL'S Wulj*, 7, 254. 
 25(5 TlKTC'sia B.-D., Myod., :525. 
 
 257 Tlioniodt^ia Hnd., 1). Pr., i, 87. 
 
 258 Tliryptoccra Macq., II. N.I). 11,87. 
 250 Thysanoniyia B. B., II, :540. 
 200 Trlcoi)h()ra Mac(i. I). IC. S. 2, 02. 
 261 Tricolytia Bud. 1). Pr. 
 
 2(52 Tru'ht)j)oda Cuv. \li.'<x. An. v. 
 2(i:5 Trlxa M^ni, Syst. Bcs., iv, 222. 
 2(54 Trixocllsta Town., :54, III, 102. 
 2()5 Tryi)lit.'ra Mun. Syst. Bos. 
 20(5 I'l-ainyia K.-I)., Myod., 215. 
 2(57 Vlviana Bnd., I). Pr. 
 
 10 \',n„l,rinili,i,i Town., -U, II, 081. 
 2(58 WahlbiTfria Zi-tt. I). Scand.. 
 2(10 Willistonia B. B., I, 07. 
 
 10 W,i/i>i(i B. B.. 44. 
 
 270 Xantliodi'xia Wulp, 7, 250. 
 
 271 Xanthonu'lana Wulj), ;5, 187. 
 272Z('lla B.-I)., Myod., i:U. 
 
 
Hii'i'onosciD.i:. 
 
 \r,i 
 
 •'^- Hii'i'oiioscil) F 
 
 Hra.l Hattciiod. usually attadu-d l.. n," '.' 
 
 "'• '|"i"---'- '-a.- tiH. .i..,.„,„,„,„„ :'""■''"' '■"■^ 
 
 •!?""-'•-'■•'■ "■•"- .-. t,.,. ;;;'t: '■;■'' 
 
 ^'i-™t. Thonxrt.tt,. .,u,.„M,„,--i,; '"■'■"■"""• 
 
 «l.ort; daws usuallv st.oi,, J„, J ,,; " ■^''•'■;:"'- '-- 
 
 Xut 
 
 kno 
 
 vt'i'v inauy .s])..cios of tj 
 
 \vu. 
 
 Tl 
 
 or niaiuuials. The L 
 
 't\V aiv all i)arasitic in t 
 
 "•^ •^iii-ulai- fainilv of H 
 
 K's ai'o 
 
 wliole of this ,st, 
 
 ii'va' arc 
 
 UdUlt Stanv |,|„„, l^jj 
 
 extruded wl 
 
 tgc within the al 
 
 |'U])i-..r,)us. hut pass i 
 
 ■ds 
 
 icarlv the 
 
 But 
 
 a siu!j-le 
 
 leu nearly ready to transl 
 
 "'"'"on (;r the j.an.nt. 1 
 
 M'lnij- 
 
 size. The Hies ha 
 
 inipariuni is extrudt 
 
 "J'!ii into the uiaturc tlv. 
 
 one often encounters tl 
 ^.specially the raptorial I 
 
 ve a i)eru]iar. lousr-li]. 
 
 " at a time and i 
 
 s o 
 
 aPLic 
 
 ke 
 
 il'!'"'ai'iin('e. and 
 
 »e eo 
 
 seekin- the beard or hair <,f tl 
 
 niii nimbly, tryino- to hid.'. In A 
 i-ently lost soon after tl 
 
 ;;'"/" _'';""llin- rr.vntly killr.l bird 
 ave a quirk, short fli<rl,i, 
 
 •ii'fls. They 1 
 
 'llect 
 
 <'!•. within which tl 
 
 il><>l>t(')iii the wii 
 
 I 1 
 
 laye 
 
 ie insect find 
 
 li^'s are ai 
 
 icy 
 ipa- 
 
 o 
 
 united Sfrrhin and its all 
 
 •"^ a permanent livin-' place 
 
 tl 
 
 pinion shared by I'njf 
 
 'essor T 
 
 les with this faniib 
 
 an 
 
 '^'■'1 iis a .subfamily. J i„.ii,.,,. ^] 
 closer here than with the .\ 
 
 "\viiscnd. but 1 
 
 lavc srp:ii-atcd 
 
 yctcribiida 
 
 i;it their ndationshi] 
 
 IS arc 
 
 1. Antonna-fiiijill or iiid 
 
 TAHLK OF (JKXIOKA. 
 
 nix; \vii)us 1,.,^ 
 
 ■''tiiict; lu.;„I not sunk 
 
 M^'. wuh 
 
 Anti 
 
 crotis-vciiis; claws ,sl 
 
 ''"•"'nt. paralirl v 
 
 I'll into the criiiiryiniitc tli 
 
 IlIl.T USUllllv 111 
 
 !."i"t. Sillljlji. 
 
 I'iii."' and distinct on 
 
 s'i'I^n-au-d. lu,;,,] 
 
 ore eloiiyate and tl 
 
 Siiji 
 
 ^iink 
 
 '<■ .joini.s inoi-r. or less dist 
 
 '''■^p.v;.m;;u,;;:'^,;-;;•i"'■;;:l■■»;!-^•:'"fu,,,l,,,„;«:■'■^ 
 
 ter 
 
 inctiv 
 
 1 -■-■■>•• 11 lllini J 
 
 t le stroiii-' costal vein. 
 
 •^iK'i-t, and approximated 
 tate or tridcntate. 
 
 viins, the weak 
 .* outwards and l,a<kward 
 
 in us 
 veins runninii t'rmii 
 
 to tile lascof tl 
 
 ll 
 
 K' cro,- 
 
 "■ "aij;-; claws la 
 
 IS 
 
 I! 
 
 l"j:e, hidei 
 
 -Veins 
 
 ii'i'()ii<)S('i\,i: 
 
152 
 
 Noirril AMKUICAN DIPTKrA. 
 
 STKKIJLIN.K. 
 1. Kyi's small, situated on the po.sterior aii}j;k's of tlie head. 
 
 Sthkhla Wiedemann. 
 Kyes situated near the mi<ldie of toe liead (Mexico). 
 
 TuH nonius Townsend. 
 
 iiiproBoscix.K. 
 
 1. Claws tridentate 2 
 
 Claws hidentate :! 
 
 2. Wings rudimentary ; ocelli wanting. Buachyptkkomyia Williston. 
 Wings large, functional; ocelli present. Ounitiiomvia Latreille. 
 
 3. Wings wanting or rudimentary, in the males at least. ... 4 
 Wings present, functional o 
 
 4. Eyes very narrow and situated on the sides of the head ; no ocelli. 
 
 MEM)PiiA(iUS Latreille. 
 Eyes larger, oval; ocelli present, but sometimes indistinct; wings ca- 
 ducous in one or both sexes. . - Lipoi'tena Nitsch. 
 
 5. Antennjc short, tuberculiform. 
 
 Antenna? elongate, clothed with hair distally. 
 
 Hii'PonoscA Linne. 
 Oi.PKUSiA Leach. 
 
 4^1 
 
 mi 
 
 59. NYCTEKTBIID.^. 
 
 Head small, capable of being turned backward into a groove 
 on the dorsum of the thorax. Antennte fhort, indistinctly 
 jointed, the terminal joint oval, with short hairs. Eyes and 
 ocelli indistinct or wanting. Legs long, the femora and tibiae 
 flattened. Tarsi arcuate. No wings. 
 
 Tliese peculiar flies, like tliose of the ^oregoing family, are 
 pu])iparous. They live exclusively on bats. But little is 
 known of their early stages. (See Osten Sacken.) The flies 
 have a peculiar, spider-like appearance, which is heightened 
 by the habit they have of throwing their legs up over their 
 back when at rest. But two or three species are known from 
 North America, and they a^'e rare. I have never seen them. 
 
 TABLE OF GEXEHA. 
 
 1. Metatarsi eloniiate. ..... XYrTKUiniA Westwood. 
 
 Metatarsi short. ...... Mi:(iisTopoi)A Maequart. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 During the printing,' of this Wdrk thorp have hoon a imiuix'r 
 of genera added to the fauna of the region incdiuU'd within its 
 limits. I give them as they shouhl he intovcahated in the 
 tables, together with some that liave been omitted or over- 
 looked, tlumgli i)reviously known. The student is recpiested 
 to make marginal references wlierever tliey sh(>uld bo inter- 
 calated. 
 
 LKPTINM-;, J). 44. 
 
 2. Front tihise with a sirifjle spur. .)r^ 
 
 Front tibiae witli two spurs, KC-. . . Tkiptotr.ciia Loow. 
 
 2a. Anti'iinal style jointed ; fourth posterior cell closed (Central America 
 
 and West Indies) I'nKM:. s Walker. 
 
 Antennal style not jointed; fourth posterior cell open, orwantinjr 
 
 DiAi.Ysm V. alker. 
 STRATI OMV I N.K, ]). 4S. 
 
 0. Antenna^ much elonjjated, 
 
 Third antennal joint oval, with a terminal arista. Xo-thomvia Loew. 
 
 7. Face produced conically downward, . Mv ..)sar<;i-.s Hrauer. 
 Face not produced conically downward. ^ 
 
 8. Third joint of the antenna, composed of six closely united annuii, with- 
 
 out style or arista; win-s expanded distallv" (Cent.-al and Soutli 
 
 „,, /V"''"""''''^ ANALCOCKRI.sLoeW. 
 
 liurd antennal joint composed of seven closely united annuii, without 
 
 style or arista; wings not expande.l distally (Central America and 
 
 East Indies). . . / . . Ca.mpkpro.soi.a Macquart. 
 
 These last two genera belong among the Sargina^ but have no terminal 
 
 arista. 
 
 PACHY fASTRI.X.I-:, ]>. 48. 
 
 1 Antenna? situated near the orjil margin 2 
 
 Antenna; situated near the middle of the head in profile. . la 
 
 la. Arista with a short, dense plumosity (Central America and Polynesian 
 
 . f*'*"'^'') LoiMioTKLEs Loew. 
 
 Arista bare. 
 
1^ 
 
 154 
 
 NOKTII AMKK'ICAX DITTKUA. 
 
 |).\SYl'<Mi(»MN.i:. p. at 
 
 2. rulvilli ruiliimntiiry or waiiliii^'. 
 I'ulvilli noriiiiil. 
 
 L'.l 
 
 lii. Claws vrry I()nj.\ with an cloii^ratiMl tootli at tin- base of cacli ; larjri' 
 
 sjK'cit'S (Central ami South America). 
 Claws normal. 
 
 Dll'UAM S !,()l\V, 
 
 Ami.m ri s Loiw. 
 
 21). Antenna- with a lonJ,^ terminal arista (Cen. America and K.ist Indies). 
 
 Damams Wiedemann. 
 Antenna' not with a terminal arista 2c 
 
 2c. ( hd y four i)ostt'ri(»r ceils j)resent; front very broad ahove; very small 
 
 siK'ck'S (Mexico). 
 ¥ivv jiosterior cells present as usual. 
 
 TOWXSKXDIA Willistt 
 
 )n. 
 
 Asilinm;, i». ny. 
 4. Oviduct cylindrical, with a terminal circlet of spines. 
 Oviduct laterally flattened, etc. . . . . 
 
 4a. Abdomen shorter than the winf^s. . 
 Abdomen longer than the wings. 
 
 7. Oviduct laterally comjjressed. . 
 
 Oviduct conical. ..... 
 
 7a. Third antennal joint unusually hairy. 
 Third antennal joint not unusually hairy, 
 
 4a 
 Kkax Macquart. 
 
 Ki'CKirosiA Schinir. 
 PuocTACANTins Mat.quart. 
 
 7a 
 
 \l 
 
 Anakmostls Loew. 
 
 
 Nkoim-asta Cot|uillett. Proc. Nat. Mus. 180;'), ;]{),", (June, 180(5. Same as 
 
 ffemerixliDniia, but the discal and second basal cells united and the 
 
 second posterior cell sessile. 
 Emi'IMORPma Coquillett. 1. c. ;J08. "Same as Emjiis, excei)t that the face 
 
 is covered with long bristly hairs." 
 Nkoc«)TA Cociuillett, 1. c. 4."j4. " Same as Jk/i(iiii/i/i<>wi/i(i, v\tv])t that the 
 
 face is thickly covered with long ])ile." 
 Mi(;koi>hokis Macfjuart, Dipt, du Nord, etc. 1827. Sejiarated from I.tplo- 
 
 fiezd and On/tlrnmiii of the table by the third antennal joint being 
 
 elongate, with a terminal style. 
 MEOiiYi'Kurs Loew, Stett. Knt. Zeit. 18.")0, oO:J. Se])arated from IIiilios 
 
 and Si/»(/i/iis of the table by the fourth longitudinal vein being 
 
 furcate. 
 rARAiiYDRoi'iioKiis Wlieelcr, Kntom. News, 18!>(;, 185. "Closely allied to 
 
 Sci/his and I/i/ilro/iliorKS, the $ distinguishable from the $ I/i/dro- 
 
 /i/ionis by the deep notch in the fore fi'inora. the jiromineiit si)ur on 
 
 the hind trochanter, and the structure of the liypupvgium. 
 
 ■I> 
 
i iS^ J ) i: .\ . 
 
 Those ,i;cMiera added to the X..rth Aiueri.-an laui.a si.iee th.- 
 I.u])lieation oi OsWu Saeken's ratah-^ue in 1S7S aiv lolh.we.l 
 by Ifoniaii and Arahie nunil.er.s referrin- to th.- authors and 
 papers of the bibliography -ivm in the Introduetion and 
 below. The genera <.t the Taehini.ia. and Dexiida- are not 
 included; they will be found on page 147. 
 
 U I%„t, I, Uc-v. c-t M-,ir, z„„l, iSo!.; o, ^nM„ns. Arc-. Kntouu ii. mH 
 
 LII. Mavq^um, I. I)ip,or.s i:x<.t. i, IS.lN; 2. i.i. ii, 1, 184(1; :;, id. ii ■' KSJl • 
 
 4 i.i. 11, ;], 1842; .-i. Suppi. i. 1844; .), Suppl. 2. 1840 ; 7. S„p,,l. ;;' 
 
 S4-; 8 S,.ppl.4,184!); <.., Suppi. .3, l8.-,0; 10, Dipt. -iu Xonl. .1. la 
 traiK'c, 182(). 
 
 LIII. Loc-w, Hdtr. iv, 18A0; 2, V.rli. Z.m.1. Hot. V.r. }s:.r,- :J, Diptf. Su.laf- 
 
 rika., 18.,(); Stett. Ent. Z.it. 1844; o. IUtI. K.it. Zoit. 1858- <; H,- 
 
 nuTk. uclKT .iic. Kani. Asii. 184!) ; 7, NV.ir Hcitr. ii. l8o.-. 
 LIV. Homiani, 1, Stu.li K.ito.n. 1848; 2, Holl. Sue. Knt. Ital. 187.V :5 Arcli 
 
 per la Z.x.l. I8(i:]; 4, E^an.i .ii var. sp. Ins. Hra.s. 1848; o, Dip't. Itul' 
 
 1 rodr. l8o(i, I8(;i ; C, Ann. Soc-. Knt. Kr. ii, I8r,() 
 LV. Walkor, 1, Trans. Lon.I. K.it. S„e. v, ls.-,7;'-, Dipt. Saun.i. 18.34; :; 
 
 III!*. Brit. Dipt, iii, ISoO. 
 LVI. I'anzcr, Fauna Gerinanica, civ, 18(1(1. 
 I.VII. Schinor, I, Wic-n. Knt. M.,natsclir. iv, 1800; 2, i,] vi 180->. n Wrli 
 
 Zool. H.,t. Ges. 1807 ; 4, \ivi,v .Ivr Xuvaia, Dipt. 1808; 3, Wicn. Knt' 
 
 Monatsclir. v, 1801. 
 LVIIL Ilaii.lay, 1, Ann. Majr. Nat. Hist, ii, l8;)o; 2 i.i, iii, 18:J0; ;), Linn 
 
 Knt. VIII, 18r);{; 4, Ins. Hrit. Dipt, f, 1851. 
 LIX. Winnortz, 1, Linn. Knt. viii, 186^5; 2, v.rii. Z....1. Hot. (Jes. xiii, 18(;:!. 
 
 T x^ Tn':. '"■ ^'''^- '■"• ^^^"' ^' ^'^""- ^^'"'^- ^'"f- Ili-'^t. iii, U-]{». 
 
 L\. I liilippi, Verli. Zool. Hot. Gt'.s. 180.-). 
 
 lA'I Jionnic-ke. Ne„o Kxot. Dipt. Al.lian.il. Sc-nckenLorf, Gcs. 1807 
 LX Kobineau IXvsvoi.ly, Ks.^ai sur l.s Mvodaircs, 18;;o. 
 i.Xin. Gt"rsta'ckor,Stc-tt. Knt. Zcit. 1808. 
 LXIV. Sc'liuniniel, Okcn's. Isis, 18;]4. 
 
 LXV. Wostwood, Trans. Lon.I. Knt. Soc. 1881. 
 
1 .")(; 
 
 NOUTII AMERICAN DTPTERA. 
 
 LXVI. .Mi'i^ri'ii, Illi^rer's Majj. 180:5. 
 LXV'II. Latrcilk', Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. xiv, 1804. 
 LXVIII. Fraucnfeltl, VtT. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1807. 
 LXIX. Walilherfr, Oofv. k. Akad. Focrd. 1844. 
 LXX. WiiMlemaiin, 1, Auss. Zweifl. Ins. i, 1828; 2, id, ii, 18:10. 
 LXXI. Mik, Dipt. Untrr.suchun^en, Jahrosb. k. k. Akad. Gynin. zu Wien, 
 1>I». 1-24, 187S. 
 
 Alilditliiliis, s(>i' Abli'utus, 04 
 Aliiaiitus, •')4 
 Acanthina, 48-lx>;, 2 
 Acanthoinera, 49 
 
 AC.V.STHOMKISID.K, 4i> 
 
 Aclialcus, 71> 
 Acidia, 121 
 Acidojrona, 122 
 Aciura, 122 
 Acnemia, 18 
 Acrcotrichus, t57-lii, 
 AiTocora, 71 
 
 ACKOCEUID.K, 70 
 
 Aoroclici'ta, 4ti 
 Aerostifa, 118 
 Aorotsenia, 122 
 AcTotoxa, 121 
 Actora, 128 
 Aodt's, 22 
 
 Agatiion, 20-xxxvii, 12 
 A(/>i(it(iiiii/i(i, si'i' Dialysis, 44 
 Agroinyza, 104 
 A(;i{OMV/ii).K, 102 
 Aldric'liia, (i;")-xii. :'.(! 
 Allodia, 1!) 
 
 AUoiinosta, 40-xxNiv, 1 
 All()j>ra]>ta, ^7 
 Allophyla, 12<! 
 Anial()i)is. .'••") 
 Aini>liic'i)snnis, OO-xii, 20 
 Ampiiic'iu'plu's, 1 1.") 
 Anataini)ta, 1 17 
 AnalcociTUs, I'l.'i-liii, 2 
 Anarniostus, liKVliii, ."> 
 
 Anarostonia, 12() 
 Anasta'C'hus, 00 
 Aiiilreiiosuinii, sec Niisa, 08 
 Ani'i)sius, 79 
 Anisoniora, ;55 
 
 A>ilso/>()(/i)ii, see llcteropojjon, 50 
 Anisotaniia, ()0 
 Anopheles, 22-lii, 2 
 Anthoniyia, 1:55 
 
 AXTIlOMYID.i;, loll 
 
 Anthoniyza, 105 
 
 Antho/ihi/ina, see Anthoinyza, 105 
 
 Anthrax, (50 
 
 Antocha, 'V-\ 
 
 Aoehletus, 48-xxiv, 27 
 
 Apatolestes, 51-xlviii, ."5 
 
 Apliantotinnis, 78-xlvi, 1 
 
 A])hestia, 58. 
 
 Aphu'bantus, ('>7. 
 
 Apioeera, 00. 
 
 Ai'iocKUin.K 00 
 
 Aponiidas, 00-xii, 12 
 
 Ai)oj)horhynehus, 125-xlviii, 14 
 
 Api)eleia, 71 
 
 Apterina, 102-lii, 8 
 
 Ai)torthus, 77-i, 5 
 
 Archilestris, 55 
 
 Arctojihila, 88 
 
 Arnyra, 80-lii, 8 
 
 Ardoptera, 75 
 
 Ari/i/rdinii Iki, see Spot^ostylnni, 05 
 
 Arthoceras, 44-xliii, 4 
 
 Arthropeas, 4;! 
 
 Arlhrdsti/linn, sie I'heiieus, 15:1 
 
 Artiivroalossa. 1 10 
 
 § 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 1 T^ 
 
 Axriii^ sec N't'oascia, S(i 
 Asc'm()syri)liiKs, NS-vi, 40 
 
 ASIF.ID.K, ')-l 
 
 A si 1 us, 59 
 Asindulmu, 17 
 Asphondylia, 12 
 Aspistfs, ;J^ 
 Asyiiai)ta, 12-liii, 1 
 Asyiidi'tiis, Til 
 Asteia, 107 
 
 AstrophaiU's, (!o-.\.\xiv, 27 
 Atarha, ;);! 
 Atoniosia, i^^ 
 Atonia, Gi'f-xlviii, 11 
 Atlierix, 44 
 Atractia, oO-lii, ;] 
 A ty lot us, -66^ irv 
 Aulaciyastcr, 104 
 Azt'lia, l;5o 
 
 B 
 
 IJaccha, W. 
 
 Uaccliina, 80 
 
 BalioptiTa, 105 
 
 Beris, 40 
 
 Berisniyia, 4(;-xviii, ;j 
 
 Bibio, 38 
 
 Bibiocephala, 20 
 BmioNiixi;, ;{7 
 Bittacomorplia, 30 
 Jilai'odes, soc Locwiolla, 57 
 lilux, st'o Lot'wic'Ua, 57 
 Bicpharocora, 20 
 Bi.KPirAKcx i.;i{ii>/K, \\\ 
 Blepharoprocta, 74 
 Blopliaropiuni, 57-liv, 1 
 Biepharoni'ura. 122 
 BojriTia, i;!()-ii, 2 
 Bolotina, 18 
 Boletophila, 10 
 
 BOMHVLIID.K, 08 
 Botuhylius, 00 
 Boimiouiim;, 101 
 
 lU 
 
 Borhorus, 102 
 
 Brat'hydcMitra, 111 
 
 Bracliyopa, 87 
 
 Hracl.yopliyra, i:;5-xvii, 8 
 Brac'liypalpus, 8!» 
 Rrachypritiuia, .'JO-xxxiv, 
 HrachypttToniyia, 152 
 liriciriia, llO-i.v 
 Briciniclla, 110-xvii, 
 
 Cacoxcnus, 104 
 
 Cauiia, 111 
 
 Ca'nosia, 135 
 
 Callicfra, 84-\lvi 
 
 f'allinicus, 5(! 
 
 Callii)li()ra, 14.5 
 
 Calloniyia, {)5 
 
 Callopistria, 118 
 
 ('<i//i,h,rs„,svt' riatypcza, i)5 
 
 Calolmta, 113 
 
 ('<i>n>nnii„,si'i> Volucolla, 87 
 ('ainpt'prosopa, 15.")-lii, 
 ('anipsicru nius, 80 
 Caniptocladius, 25 
 Cainptonc'ura, 117 
 (\inipyiornyza, 13 
 Cardiac'cpliala, 113-!;i, 4 
 Carit't'a, 135 
 rarphotricha, 122 
 Catahornha, 8(; 
 Catocha, 13 
 Ct'cido^'ona, 13 
 Cct'idoinyia, 12 
 
 rKCIlJO.MVlli^.;, 7 
 
 tVphalia, 112, 110 
 fVplicnornyia, I3f! 
 CVratitis, 120 
 (Vratoiiiyza, l«M-lvii, 2 
 r'cratopo^ron, 24 
 ri'raturjrus, 55 
 f''n,i, si'c Sphyxiinorpha, 84 
 

 lo8 
 
 XOUTII AMERICAN DIPTEUA. 
 
 ' ,-t 
 
 reriiJjrastiT, HH-xlviii, 00 
 rei')tJiinia, 58 
 Coroplatus, 17 
 Coroxys, 117 
 Chit'toctrlia, l;^.'»-xvii, 
 Chit'topsis, llfl 
 Clialconiyia, Ho-xlviii, 1 
 Clianiosyrpliiis, 87-xxiii, 10 
 Chasniatonotus, 25 
 CIkihiki, si'i' Nocoliauna, 48 
 Cliilosia, 85 
 Chionca, -W 
 Cliiroiiiyzu, 4(5 
 
 ClllR<»SOMII).K.4S- XT- 
 
 Chiron()nius,4»r 2* 
 
 Chloroprocta, 143 
 
 Chlorops, 10<; 
 
 Chordonota, 47 
 
 Cliortopliila, 1^5 
 
 Chrysochlaiiiys, 89 
 
 Chrysochlora, 48 
 
 Clirysoc'hroina, 47 
 
 Chrysogastor, 85 
 
 Clirysoiiiyia, 1415 
 
 Cfiri/sonotns, s»ei' Clirysoc'lironia, 4^ 
 
 Chrysopila, 44 
 
 Chrysops, 61 
 
 riirysotimus, 80 
 
 Chrysotoxum, 84 
 
 Clirysotus, 81 
 
 Chyliza, 114 
 
 Cladura, ;5:J 
 
 Clasiopa, 110 
 
 Cliinitor, st'i' FiOstoniyia, 57 
 
 Cli'igastra, 120 
 
 Clinocora, 75 
 
 Clinopera, 14.'> 
 
 Clinorliynolia, 12 
 
 Clitellaria, 48 
 
 Clunio, 25 
 
 Clusia, 127 
 
 Cailoiiu'topia, 110 
 
 ru'l<)i)a, 128 
 
 (Vnoiiivia, 4;> 
 
 Cii'iiosia, l."!5 
 
 Colpotlia, 12 
 
 CoiiKistes, sec Ilctcrostyliini, 00 
 
 Coinpsoniyia, 14.'5 
 
 Coniccps, 110 
 
 Conops, 02 
 
 COXOI'ID.K, 01 
 
 Copc'stylum, 87 
 
 Copl'iira, 57-xxxiv, 28 
 
 Coquilk'ttia, 05 
 
 Coretlira, 22 
 
 Conlylura, 20 i ^ c 
 
 Corizonciira, set' I'angonia, 51 
 
 Corynoneura, 25 
 
 Cnissisctfi, see Ehuiliiptcra, 100 
 
 Crii:otoi)us, 25 
 
 Crioprora, 80 
 
 Criorhina, 80 
 
 Cryptocliiutum, 104-liv, 2 
 
 Cryptolabis, 'Mi 
 
 rtenophora, -iO 
 
 Culex, 22 
 
 C|-MCII>-K, 20 
 
 Ciirtonotuni, 105, 108-lii, ;} 
 
 Cuterebra, loO 
 
 CyliiKlrotorna, ;^5 
 
 Cynipimorpha, 48-vii, 4 
 
 Cynomyia, 140 
 
 Cyphoinyia, 47 
 
 Cyrtid.k, see Acrocerida?, 70 
 
 Cyrtonia, 74 
 
 Cffrtoneitrit, see Morellia, 14-'i 
 
 ryrtopofjoM, 50 
 
 Dactyloinyia, 78-i, 
 Daliiiannia, O.". 
 Daiiialis, 154-lxxx, 1 
 Dasyllis, 58 
 Dasyiieura, 12 
 
 lhnil()i>()ij(tn, .see Lasiopopon, 50 
 Deromyia, 57-lx 
 Derinatobia, 1<'>0 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 loy 
 
 I^c'smatoiiivia, (IT-xlviii, 'S.', 
 
 Dt'smatoiicura, (i7-.\Iviii, j:', 
 
 Di'siiioiuotojia, 104 
 
 Diaclilonis, ij2 
 
 Diacrita, 117 
 
 l>ialiii(.'iira, ^(l 
 
 I)ial_\ sis, 44 
 
 l>iaiiic'sa, 2.j 
 
 l>iapli()riis, ,vO 
 
 l>iiistata, l()."i 
 
 /'io/omiNcur,,, sec Pangoiiia, .j| 
 
 i)iclia_>ta, 110 
 
 Dichelacera, 02-111, 1 
 
 Diclisa, ol-hii, ;1 
 
 IMcIonus, uo 
 
 Dicraiioniyia, .'{2 
 
 Dicranota, ;>.') 
 
 l)icrarioi)tvflia, ;{;J 
 
 Dicranus, 1;j4 
 
 Didca, 8(j 
 
 Diloplius, ;]H 
 
 Dioctria, o(l 
 
 DioijmlU's, see Doroniyia, 57 
 
 I^ioiiiyza, 12 
 
 Dioi'sii)^:, 111 
 
 Diostrcfus, 70 
 
 Diotropha, 33 
 
 Dipalta, Go 
 
 D!,>lucentm, see Curtonotuin, 108 
 
 J>iplnsls, 12 
 
 Dirliiza, 12 
 
 JJisrorrrinu, see Clasiopa, 110 
 
 Disconiyza, 110 
 
 Ditornyia, 17 
 
 Dixa, 28 
 
 DixiD.K, 28 
 
 Dizonias, 55 
 
 Hocosia, 18 
 
 Dol idiom via, 07 
 Doliehopeza, ;{() 
 DoMc'iioi-oDii)^, 7r» 
 Dolichopus, 78 
 I*«llox;,r,,hus, see Prioiiu.rus, 88 
 
 Diirycliis. 57-lxi 
 l>rapeti>, 7.") 
 I>ros()pliila, 108 
 l>r()s(tj)liili(l;e, 107 
 Dryintia, l.;4 
 l>n()ii)yza, 12« 
 
 Kecritosia, 154 
 
 Kciiiiiiis, 07-liii, 4 
 
 Kctecepiiala, 100 
 
 Kc'thrxiopa, 5(1 
 I'^ftyphus, 04-ixii; 
 J'-Jl'ild, see Krax, 50 
 Klachiptera, 100-iii, 
 KU'pliantoniyia, .'5:! 
 Kllipoiieura, Hki 
 Kliiptera, .•]:) 
 Knipe<ia, ;!4 
 Kmimdid.k, 72 
 
 Kinpiiiiorpha, 154 
 Etiii)is, 74 
 Knsina, 122 
 Kpacrims, ()7-xxiv, 27 
 yi/'i/xius, see Kcliiims, 07 
 KpJi.vdra, 111 
 l''i'iivi)uii»^, 108 
 Kpieyj)ta, 18 
 Kpidapus, 17-lviii, 4 
 Kpidosia, 12-liii, 1 
 Kpiphrajrina, -'4 
 Kpiplatea, 110 
 Kpochroa, 121 
 Krax, 50 
 Krioeera, ;J5 
 Krioptera, 34 
 Kristaiis, 88 
 
 Krishilomum, xvv Kristaiis, 88 
 Kiiaresta, 123 
 Kucessia, 07-xii, 8 
 Kudierana, 18 
 
 ^' "•/''"'" "'//'■". see llamniersehniidtia. HI 
 Kuhyhus, 154 
 
 •>?*f.f-3'.-'J|. »?»,•<,•.»;., 
 
1()0 
 
 NOIMMI AMKKICAN DIITKUA 
 
 I'll. 
 
 Kuloiiclius. 71 
 Kiiiiiat(>itia, 1 11' 
 Kui»arliyj»!>-is. 4H 
 Kupt'oiU's, 1(! 
 Kurosta, \-22 
 
 Kuryci'pliala, llS-xxvii, l:J 
 KuryciK'inus, "io 
 Kurytu'ura, 4S 
 Kutai>\is, HI 
 KutoliiHis, ;")<» 
 Eutri'ta, 1-Jl' 
 Kuxesta, 110 
 Exi'chia, l!»-lix, 2 
 Kxc'pacMius, (i(i-xii, •'!(• 
 I^x()pr()S()j)a, H') 
 Exoptata, (io-xii, 
 
 Fuci'llia, 120, i;5o 
 
 Q 
 
 (iastropliilus, l;i(> 
 Gaurax, 10(5 
 {leniinuria, Ofi-xii, .".(i 
 fii:<)MV7.ii>^:, 104 
 Geranomyia, ."/J 
 Goron, (»8 
 Gloiiui, 75 
 Glutops, 44 
 
 Giiamptopsilopns, 78-i, "> 
 (inophomyia, ;'>4 
 Gnorista, 18 
 Goniops, ">l-i, 1 
 Goiioiiiyia, :>4 
 Graplioinyia, 144 
 Griplionciira, 1'24-lvii, 4 
 Gyinnopliora, !);j 
 (lyimioptiTims, 70 
 
 H 
 
 nal»r«)])<)f;()n, o(» 
 Iladnmiyia, 80-xlviii, 20 
 llatlnis, 51 
 lla>inatol)ia, 14;! 
 
 il;riiiat{)pi)ta, 52-lxii 
 IlatiiiiKTsclimidtia. 87-lxiv 
 Ih'caiiK'di', 1 Ki-lviii. 2 
 IIi'lic()l)ia. 14()-xii. ••!:} 
 il('li,iimnin.'iira, 5!i-li, 2 
 Ik'loinyza, 12<I 
 Hklomyzik.k. 125 
 
 ss 
 
 Ik'lopliilui- 
 lU'iiiLTodroiiiia. 75 
 Ik'iiiitdilora, 14:5 
 
 //, 
 
 (■mijifntlies 
 
 'V Aiiihrax, OCi 
 
 IIcMTOstoauis, 7!> 
 Ik'riiK'tia, 4(! 
 Ik'sporimis, ;]8 
 Ik'ttTacaiitiia, 4(')-lii, 7 
 Ik'torocliroa, 105-lvii, 4 
 J/i/t'romi/id, SCO Ccratopojjon, 24 
 Ik'ttTomyza, 12(i 
 Ik'teroiR'ura, 127 
 
 llETKKOXKlKID.i:, 12(i 
 
 Ik'teropt'za, 12-lix, -l 
 Ik'ttToiJOjron, 5(1 
 Hi'tcrostyiuiii, (Kt-lii, (*» 
 Ik'xachit'ta, 121 
 Ilyc'Iotiiyia, lo5-lxii 
 Ililara, 75 
 
 Hilariniorplia, ~i], 84-lvii, 1 
 IliintToiissa, 116 
 llippelati's, 107 
 IIil)p()l)()st'a, 152 
 
 IIlI'l'()BOS( ID.K, 151 
 
 IlirmoiU'ura, 02 
 Ilistiodrdina, 47-1 vH, 4 
 Ik)lcM)c'i'pliala, 50 
 Ilolopojion, 50 
 II 
 
 oloriisia, ;>6 
 
 lloinaloinyia, i:>5 
 IIoriiioiiiN ia, 12-liii, 1 
 Ik)rni()i)t'za, 75 
 llyadiiia, 110 
 llybos, 74 
 II\drc'llia. 110 
 IlydrobaMius, 25 
 llydroplioria, l;!5 
 
Ilydntjjlionis, so 
 llv(lri)t;i'a, LM 
 Ilvftodfsiii, 1-Ji') 
 Hvirroc'cliMitlius, 78 
 IlypiTaloiiia, (;.',-!! V, ;| 
 Hypcn'diia, oS-lvii, ;J 
 
 nypocliarassiis.NO-xxxlii, I 
 IlypoiiiTina, l.id 
 
 It'tcTica, ]-JJ 
 Maria, 117 
 Mioplasta, .T) 
 Ilythi.a, 111-lviii, 2 
 Ischnoiiiyia, lOo 
 Jsoprnl'irs, see Anthrax, 0»> 
 Itcapliila, 74 
 
 Johnsonia, UO-xii, ;);i 
 
 I^anipria, [)8 
 Laparus, ;")({ 
 I.-apliria, GH 
 Laphystia, 6;', 
 Lasia, 71 
 
 I.asiarjjyra, 80 
 Lasiopojron^ .-,<; 
 
 I.asiops, I'jo 
 
 Lasioptora, 12 
 
 Lasiosoina, 18 
 
 Lastaurus, 57-Iiii, fl 
 
 Lauxaiiia, 124 
 
 Leia, 18 
 Lcioinyia, 104 
 
 Lcpidantlirax, fl')-xxxiv, 2(5 
 y^c/>H/omj/ia, see Lepidostola, 85 
 LL'j)id()pJ,()ra, 07 
 Li'pidostola, 8">-xxxiii, 4 
 L(pi(/osc/a;/„, set' Iladrus, 51 
 Lr,>m>H>,ia, svv Lopidostola, 85 
 I^KI'TIIm;, 41 
 
 JNDKX. 
 
 I-<'[itir>, 44 
 
 /.i/it„r/n7i,s. SCI' Kpacrmis, i>7 
 lA|it()<,--a.«iti'r, 54 
 ^tptdiiiyrlas, i\:\ 
 lA-pt()j)('za, 74 
 lA'i>t()rlu-tlMiin, 78-i, 5 
 Li-ria, I2(t-Ixii 
 LL'stoiiiyia, ■)7-xlviii, 40 
 l.ist<>i,l,„nns, ,s<c' ('npt.M'lia'tum, KM 
 lA-.stri'iilia, ].'!-Iii, lo 
 Leucoiriilina, I.'i4-lii 
 lA'U('of»is, 104 
 
 L«'uc()st(»Ia, 81 
 I-oiicDzona, 87 
 Liaiu aliis, 80 
 Liiiiriohia, ;J2 
 Liiimoi)hila. .14 
 Linm()j)liora, l.'i 
 Liruosina, 102-lii, 
 I^i()j,niia, ;>5 
 Lipoiu-ura, 20-liii, 4 
 
 LlPONEUlUD.K, 10 
 
 I^ipopti'tia, 152 
 Li spa, i;J5 
 Lohioptcra, 104 
 La'wiella, 57 
 Loncluoa, 124 
 Lonchoptt-ra, 172 
 
 Lo\t'||()I.||;l{I|,,K, 172 
 
 LoDgiirio, ;!0 
 Lophotfk'is, ]5;Miii, 5 
 Lordottis, 00-1, 1 
 LoxociTa, 114 
 Lucilia, 144 
 
 Lycastrirliyricha, 88 
 Lyronourus, 81 
 
 M 
 
 Macc'lloc'orus, 70-lxxi 
 Machirmis, 50 
 iMaoroct-ra, If! 
 
 Morrnrrnnn,/s, sot' Xyloniyia, 43 
 Macropi'za, 25 
 
 161 
 
11 
 
 162 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN DITTEIIA 
 
 
 HicRopezinc 
 
 Macrosiir^iis, 47-vi, Ci 
 Mtitlizii, ll:{ 
 .Nfalloplioni, A9 
 Miillotii, SS 
 Miiiiciii, (i'j-xii, S 
 .Miintii»t'Zii, ir)4 
 Medi'tonis, ~H 
 .Mi'<;aj)()(li>, i>~ 
 -Meifiiiiu'tapnii, >^7-xvii, .'! 
 .Mi'uarrhimis, '2'2 
 Meffliyprrus, 154 
 Moyistoc'cra, .")(i-l.\x, 1 
 McjiistoiJoda, 1-V2 
 Melaiiostoiiia, W> 
 Melophaiiiis, 102 
 M( rapioidus, W»-vl, r!2 
 Mcroniacrus, ><7-liv, 4 
 Mcromyza, 10(i 
 Mcrnsar,uus, tT-liii, 2 
 Mosi'iubriiia, 144 
 Mc'sc'inbriiU'Ua, 144 
 Mestyniiita, sec Mc'So<framnia, H7 
 Mesogramnia, 87 
 Mt'tacosimis, 07-xii, 2(> 
 Mc'tapelastonourus, 78, 70-1, 
 Mctapliragiiia, ()0-xii, 20 
 Metriocnoinus, 25 
 Miastor, 12 
 Microchrysa, 47 
 Microdon, 85 
 MicTonivia, lo 
 ^licTopcza, IKj „^ 
 MicT()i)liorus, 154 
 MicTostylmn, 55 
 Mili'sia, 87 
 Milichia, 104 
 MixojiastiT, 84 
 
 J/(((7/f//('/«.s,sc'i' Ih'li<^moiicura, 50 
 Molophilus, .{4 
 Moiigoma, :>4-lxv 
 Morc'llia, 144 
 Mvcc'taulus, 112 
 MycL'tobia, 17 
 Myt'i'topliila, 18 
 
 Mix'KToi'iiii.iK.i;, 1;> 
 Mycotliira, 10 
 Myda-a, Kio-lxii 
 Mydaid.k, (i2 
 Mydas, n:] 
 
 Myc'laplius, 55-vi, ;J8 
 Myeniiis, 118 
 Myiolc'pta, 85 
 AIy()l)a, 0:i 
 ^IyrIm'C•()myia, llti 
 Myosjjila, 144 
 Mythicoiiiyia, 7."!, 74-xii, .'18 
 Myx()sar!,Mis, 48-vii, 4 
 Musca, 14:5 
 Musciim:, 0(i, 140 
 Miiscina, 14;i 
 
 N 
 Naiisifiastcr, 85-xlviii, 4(! 
 Ncbritus, GO-xii, 20 
 Nfinatoproctus, 80 
 
 NKMISTlUNIDi*;, (>0 
 
 Neinopoda, 112 
 
 Neoclasta, 154 
 
 Neinott'lus, 48 
 
 Ncoscia, 80-xlviii, 00 
 
 Neoaspilota, 122 
 
 Ni'ochauna, 48 
 
 Ni'oeinphoria, 18 
 
 Nc'oexaireta, 40 
 
 Nooylapliyroptora, 10 
 
 Ni'oidiotypa, 110 
 
 Xeoitainus, 50 
 
 AVo//ior//(f'/»,s,soe Ilclifjiiioneura, 59 
 
 Noorondaiua, 47 
 
 Nerius, U-i 
 
 Nourifiona, 78-liv, 5 
 
 Nicocles, 57 
 
 Norollia, 120-l\x 
 
 Nothoniyia, 148 
 
 Notiphila, 110 
 
 Notojfraiiiiiia, 118 
 
 Nusa, 58-1 V, 2 
 
 Nvi'tiTibla. 152 
 
 [ fi3 
 
INDKX. 
 
 u;:; 
 
 o 
 
 Octht-ra, 110 
 
 OctlicToidi'ji, 110 
 
 Octliiphila, .104 
 
 Ociia'u, 71 
 
 < >cy(lr()rnia, 71 
 
 Ocyptainus, M(l 
 
 Oilintucrti, SCO CV'ratuniyza, 
 
 Oiloiitoniyia, 47 
 
 Oc'cac'ta, 2;") 
 
 Occothi'a, 121) 
 
 Ofdaiiiagi'iia, i;](» 
 < >e(Iasi)is, 122 
 Oedicarona, 121 
 Oodopa, IIH 
 Oestkiim;, 1,'{(J 
 Oi'strus, l;]6 
 
 ')ll)ioyaster, 41-xxxiv, 20 
 Olfersia, lo2 
 
 Omegasyrplius, 84-xvii, 5 
 Ominatius, r>0 
 Oiicodes, 71 
 Oncodocera, 07 
 Onconiyia, 03 
 Onesia, 140-Ixx 
 Opetiophora, 100 
 Ophyra, KJu 
 Oponiyza, 105 
 Opschius, 71 
 Orniia, liVJ 
 Ornithoniyia, 152 
 Orphnopliila, 20 
 
 OKI'lINKl'niMD.K, 20 
 
 Ortalid.k, 114 
 Orthocladius, 25 
 Orthoneura, see Chrysogaster, Hi 
 (Mhuneuromiiia (Psilocurus) 55 
 
 <)8CINII)/K, 105 
 
 Oscinis, 107 
 < )spriocerus, 54 
 Ostracocoelia, 110-xvii, 48 
 Oxycera, 48 
 
 I'acliyccriiia, 124 
 I'acliy^rastiT, ih 
 I'acliyiiicria, 74 
 1'acliyrliiria, ."iO 
 ralloptera, 124 
 I'altojiloriia, 20-lvii, ;) 
 104 Pariiioiiia, 51 
 I'aiitarhes, 0(1 
 raraeliiis, 7'.» 
 I'aracosinufi, 07 
 I'arauorgopis, llJ<-xvii, 8 
 I'arafius, 85 
 I'araliydrophorus, 154 
 I'araliinna, 110 
 I'araiiiiiitlio, 14(>-1, 27 
 Taratropesa, ;>5-lvii, 4 
 I'arydra, 111 
 I'edic'ia, .'15 
 IH'oiiiyia, i;J5-lxiii 
 Pelastoneurus, 78 
 Pek'cocera, 84 
 IVIagoinyia, 48 
 Pelina, liO 
 
 IVIoinyia, llO-xlviii, (i7 
 Poleropeodes, 79-xlvi, 1 
 IViitlioptera, 85 
 Pericuma, 27-1 v, \i 
 Peronyma, 121 
 Phalacromyia, 88 
 PlialocTocera, o5 
 Plieiieus, 15;) 
 IMiilonic'Us, 50 
 Pliilopota, 71 
 Pliil}iyf.ria, 110 
 J Plioneutisca, 75 
 Phora, 05 
 Phorbia, i;55-lxii 
 
 PlIOHID.K, 05 
 
 IMiortica, lo:] 
 J'lirissopoda, 140 
 Phthinia, 18 
 
 PlIVCODROMID.i;, 128 
 
 ■ 'ff-t'.^- ,,'i-. 
 
1(54 
 
 xnirni amkiiican diptkha 
 
 m^, 
 
 ■ ]. 
 
 *i 
 
 I-.; 
 
 ■f 
 
 'If 
 
 " i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 riiyil()liii)is, ;;4 
 
 IMiyllomitlas, r>;!-vi, olJ 
 
 IMitliiri.'i, f!7 
 
 IMiyloniv/a, 104 
 
 riiysoi'i'pliala, J>:)-lvii, (i 
 
 I'liys()<;i'nna, 121-lii, t> 
 
 rhytoinyza, lO.'J 
 
 l*i()i)liila, li:] 
 
 rioi'iiii.iD.K, sec Scpsifhn 111 
 
 Pipiza, Ho 
 
 PiiM'Nrri,ii)/K, (>;5 
 
 Pil)unc»ilus, H4 
 
 J'/titflitri'i-d, si'i' Mcroniacnis, 07 
 
 IMajjioiK'iirus, 78 
 
 Plajxiotoni.i, 121 
 
 Platychinis, m 
 
 Platycnenia, 05 
 
 I'latynocluetus, HH-lxx, 2 
 
 Platypoza, 05 
 
 Platypezid/I':, 04 
 
 Platystoma, 115 
 
 Platyura, 17 
 
 PU'cia, m 
 
 Plcctromyia, ■% 
 
 IMc'siastina, 17 
 
 Plesionuua, 5(> 
 
 Ploas, <}6 
 
 Pocota, see Hadroniyia, 80 
 
 Pcpeilobotlirus, 7H-lxxi 
 
 Poffonosoiua, 58 
 
 Pollenia, 144 
 
 Pulifdonta, see Polydontornyia, 80 
 
 ISairoptcra, I IS 
 i'scmiatricliia. 7(t 
 Psciiiiorus, ")7 
 Psila, 114 
 
 I'SIMI..!., 114 
 
 Psiloccpliala. (50 
 
 Psiiocunis {Ortliniii iin>mi/ifi) 55 
 
 Psih.pa, 110 
 
 Psilojuii^, 77 
 
 Psyeliotla, 27 
 
 PsYciionini:, 20 
 
 Psilota, 85 
 
 Pteeticus, -?7 
 
 Pterallasti's, 88 
 
 Pterooalia, 118 
 
 Pterodontia, 71 
 
 Plenifillhi, see Meromacrus, 88 
 
 Ptioiiiia, 44 
 
 l*tyeli«)i)tera, :{fl 
 
 Pycnopoj,M)n, 5<! 
 
 Pyrjrota, 115 
 
 Pyreliia, 144 
 
 Pyroplia'na,"H«^ >i' 
 
 Kivellia, 110 
 
 lilial)d()psela])hus, 08-vi, 40 
 Ithaehicerus, 415 
 Kliadiurfrus, 50 
 Hhaiiiphoniyia, 74 
 Khaniphidia, •')•> 
 
 I'oiydontoiiiyia, 80 
 
 Hiiajdiiocera, 40-lii, 
 
 Polylepta, 18 
 
 Hhai)lii()riiyn('hus, 40-lxx 
 
 Polymedoii, 70 
 
 Uhai)iiioiniilas, 00 
 
 Polymera, 31, JM 
 
 Hhapliiuin, 81 
 
 Polymorphninyia, 122-xli, 2 
 
 Khiciioessa, 10;> 
 
 Porpliyrops, HI 
 
 Kliiiiflia, 87 
 
 Prionierus, 87-lii, 
 
 Khiiiotora, PJiJ-lvii, 4 
 
 Proc'hyliza, 112 
 
 Khiphidia. :52 
 
 Proctacantlius, 50 
 
 UlIOPAI.OMKKlD.K, 124 
 
 Proniacluis, 50 
 
 /»'/////«//"/«///(/, see Willistoniella,125 
 
 Prothccus, see Pipunciilus, 04 
 
 i{ii()i)al()syrplius, 84 
 
I-iliyiiKisi;!, l!» 
 Kliviicli()ci'i)lialiis, (!2 
 KiivniiD.i;. 40 
 l{liy})liol()plnis, ;;;; 
 JJliyplius. 41 
 
 SaIpiiij-(ii:ii>ttT, MC, 
 Sai)r()myzii, |-J4 
 
 SaIMJOMV/.ID.i;, \S', 
 
 Sarapoiioii, 07 
 Sarc'oplia.CT, 140 
 SAKCoi'iiACiiD.i;, 1;17 
 Sarcopliafriila, 140-1, 7 
 Sarc()i»liilo(Ifs, 140 
 Sarins, 47 
 Scatella, 111 
 
 SCATOMVZID.K 12,S 
 
 Scat()i)liai,'-a, 12!) 
 Scat()i).sc', :]H 
 Scc'llus, HO 
 
 SCKNOI'IMD.K, no 
 
 Sccnopinus, 70 
 Hciara, 17 
 Sciomyza, 127 
 
 SC!()MV/ID,i;, 127 
 
 Sciophila, 17 
 SL-huiiioniyza, loo 
 ScicTopojron, 54 
 
 Scoliocentra, 12(1 
 
 Sc'oiiopc'lta, 4(i, 48-.\lviii, 2 
 
 Scyplit'lla, lOo 
 
 Sc-noffastcT, 80-lii, 
 
 Scoptora, 110 
 
 S('j)0(l()M, 128 
 
 Ski'sid.k, 11] 
 
 Sepsis, 112 
 Scricoiiiyia, 88 
 Sijfjiloivssa, 108 
 Siumatoiiicra, i]i] 
 Silviiis, 'A 
 SiMUMiD.K, ;J8 
 Siiniiiium, 40 
 
 IN')i;.\ 
 
 ^il>liiiiiflla, IOC. 
 SoiiKiiiiyia, 114 
 Spiiiiia, 41 
 ^|»aiii()(Hra, l2-iix, I 
 Spariiopoliiis, 07 
 Sl)lia.i;H'iis 
 
 SpIiaToccra. 102-I.\vii 
 Sjihawoplioria. S7 
 Splu'coMiyia, 00 
 
 Spll(.ni,|.,_ SO 
 
 !^pliyracci)liala, 114 
 
 Sphyxiiiioriilia-liv, 
 
 SjiilouastiT, l.",4 
 
 i^pilo^raplia, 121 
 
 i^pilotiiyia, HO 
 
 f**pn,uostyliuii, (i.Vlii, 2 
 
 Sta-jTCTia, Ls 
 
 Stt\«aiia, 108 
 
 Stt'iKTc'tiiia, 110 
 
 StciioirastiT, sec Sonofrjistpr, 89 
 
 St"i)()iiia(Ta, 110 
 
 Stcnoriiyia, 1 !!> 
 
 f^tcnopa, 121 
 
 Stl'IlOpOjroll, ,04 
 
 Sti'n()pr()S(){)us, oO-lij^ j 
 Stenoptcrina.lK; 
 Stibasoriia, o2-lvii, :> 
 Sticliopofron^ ;-)() 
 
 Stic't()cq)liala, 118 
 Stiljuiogastcr, OO-liii, 
 Stilp()n,7r) 
 
 'Storiioxys, 14;] 
 Stonyx, ((') 
 Stratiomyia, 47 
 Stuatiomvidj.;, 44 
 Straussia, 121 
 Stri'hia, 102 
 StyI()<rjistor, 0;J 
 Styucropus, •}(; 
 
 'V"/"/A/, soc Xylomyia (Krrata) 
 i^yinpk'ota, ;!4 
 •\viiiplioroniyia, 44-lxviii 
 Syiiipycmjs, 8] 
 
 k;;. 
 
If* 
 
 ific. 
 
 NORTH AMKRirAX DIITKUA. 
 
 
 SviiaiiiphotiTii, 7o 
 Syiidviis, 74 
 SyiU'C'hi'S, 74 
 Syntt'iiina, IH 
 Syntlu'siomyia, 14:! 
 SyntorMKtn, HO 
 Syritta, W» 
 Svui'iiiiM-:, S2 
 Syrphus, H7 
 Systtrcliijs, (!('» 
 Systropus, (57 
 
 Tahanus, i)2 
 TAnAXiD.t:, 49 
 TabiKla, GO 
 Tachyilromyia, 75 
 Tac'liypt'za, 7;") 
 Tnehytrechus, 79 
 Tanypoza, US 
 Tanyprennia, :>0 
 Tanypus, 2") 
 Tanytarsus, 2'» 
 Taracticus, ^>~ 
 
 Temnocn-a, see Voluoella, 87 
 Temnostoiiia, 90 
 Tephritis, 128 
 Tephrochlaniys, 120 
 Tephronota, ll* 
 Tetanocera, iiJfr \1.% 
 Tetanops, 117 
 Tetanura, 11:! 
 Tetragoneura, 17 
 Tetropisnienus, 117 
 Tersethes, 24-lxiv, 9 
 Teucholabis, ;>3 
 Tt uchocneinis, 89 
 7'A«/«M«,8ee Diotrepha, oC 
 Tliecoiiiyia, 128 
 Thereva, 69 
 
 TllEKKVID.K, (58 
 
 Tlieria. 140-L\ii 
 Theriopleetes, 52 
 
 'J'/it-rfiiiini/id, si'c Ki'liniiis, (57 
 
 Thin()*)liilus, 81-lxix 
 
 Tlilipsogastcr Oti 
 
 'I'ipula, :!<■» 
 
 'I'li'ci.iD.i:. 29 
 
 'rolnuTUs, ;')!• 
 
 Townsi'iiilia, 104 
 
 Toxojtliorn, (is 
 
 Toxorrhiiia, .'..J 
 
 Toxotrypana, 120 
 
 Tri(M>])ius, 1")2 
 
 Tric'liot'era, ;!4 
 
 Trichonta, 19 
 
 Tricliosia, 17 
 
 Trlclis, iWliii, (5 
 
 Trigonoiiu'topus, 127, 128 
 
 Triinicra, ;54 
 
 Trineura, 95 
 
 Triotiites, see Apliu'hantus, (57 
 
 Triudottfii, see Polydontoniyia, 89 
 
 Triogina, ."5") 
 
 Triplaslus, (5()-liii, 7 
 
 Triptotricha, 44 
 
 Tritoxa. 117 
 
 Tritozyga, V>1 
 
 Trocliobola, 32 
 
 Tropidia, 88 
 
 Tropidomyia, 92-xlviii, 34 
 
 Trypeta, 121 
 
 Trypktio.*;, 119 
 
 Tylomyia, 112-xvii, 9 
 
 Tyreomiua, 143 
 
 u 
 
 rbristes, 85 
 Ula, 35 
 
 Uiamorpha, 34 
 riidia, 118 
 Urellia, 123 
 
 Volueella, 87 
 
 Velocia, see llyperalonia, 04 
 
 
INDKX. 
 
 107 
 
 W 
 
 WillistoiiifllH, iLVj-xxxiii, 10 
 WiniiiTtzia, ]-J 
 
 \v|oj,liaj,'iKs t;! 
 Xvloiiiyia, 4;]-liv, 5 ('«J1) 
 Xvlota, W) 
 
 Xarithoc'lilonis 
 Xaiithoyraimiia, b7 
 Xi'noc'liii'ta, 122-xli, 2 
 X<'sloi,ii/za, see Thereva, 00 
 Xiphura, :J(i 
 
 XVM»I'|IA<iU)/K, 41 
 
 Yitix/isiti, see Ilyetodesia, ].'}4 
 
 Zoiiion, 0.'} 
 Zyuoiiiyia, 18 
 Zytjoneura, 17