> v>^ ^ / V Ss /A Photographic Sciences Corporation i3 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 (A ^■^■iiililliip"'"^^ 84^ THE HISTORY OF^ but they retired about three miles from the city, and po'^ted themselTes adyantageously. :^- Memorable Events Recorded in this Chapter, The expedition against Ticonderoga, A. D. 1775 George Washington, Esq. Elected Commander- in-Chief of the Continental forces, - - do. The battle of Bunker's hill, - - - do. Georgia accedes to the Union, - - d(^. The Thirteen Colonies United, - - do. The Asia man of war fires upon New- York, do. Col. Arnold's Expedition into Canada. - do. Falmouth destroyed, and on what account, do. Col. Allen taken prisoner, and put in irons, do. Geu. Montgomery appears before Quebec, and falls in an attack upon it, - - - do^ XCRTH AI^m€4(r 9^ It CHAPTER V. XiET us now return to Boston, and it^ envi^ ronS) and see what was transacting there. On the 1 5th of February, 1776, the strength of the ice hav- ing been tried in one place, and the frost continuing^ Gen. Washington was desirous of embracing the sea- son for passing over it from Cambridge side into Boston. He laid before the council of war, the fol- lowing question : — ^'' A stroke well aimed at this crit- ical juncture, may put a final period to the war, and restore peace and tranquility, so much to be wished for ; and therefore, whether part of Cambridge and Roxbury bays being frozen over, a general assault ' should not be made on Boston ?" General Ward opposed the idea, saying, ^* the at- tack must \^ made with a view of bringing on an en*' gagement, or of driving the enemy out of Boston, and either end will be answered much better by pos- #, mmmm 'mmmmm 9* THE HISTORY OF sessing Dorchester heights." When the votes were called for, the majority were against the attack. ^ was, however, determined to possess themselves of Dorchester heights, which was accordingly afterwards accomplished. On ihfe 5th of March, the British admiral informed Gen. Howe, that if the Americans possessed those heights, he could not keep one of his majesty's skips in the harbor. Every design of Gen. Howe to force the American works on the hill being frustrated, a council of war was called, when it was agreed to evacuate the town as soon as possible. The time that had been gained by the Americans for strength- ening their works, took away all hopes of any suc- cessful attempts to be made on them by the British forces. The Americans had provided a great num- ber ^of barrels, filled with .stones^ gravel, and sand, which were placed round the works, ready to be rolled down, with a view to break the lines of any bofitile advancing troops, when ascending the hills. On the 7th of March, there was a general hurry and confusion in Boston, every one in the royal in- terest, being busy in preparing to quit the town, and NORTH AMERICA. ^ io carry oflf every thing that was valuable. A flag ivas sent out from the selectmen acquainting Gen. ^Washington with the intention of the troops, and that Oeneral Howe was disposed to leave the town stand- ing, provided he could retire uninterrupted. Geo. »Washington bound himself under no obligation, but expressed himself in words, which admitted of a fa- vorable construction ; «nd intimated his good wishes for the preservation of Boston. At 4 o'clock, in the morning of the 1 7th, the embarkation was complete «cl, '&',^ before ten the whole fleet was under sail, and the provincials soon after took possession of the town. Let us now talte a view of what was doing in Vir- ginia. Towards the close of 1775, the Liverpool frigate arrived at Norfolk, from Great- Britain. Soon after, the Captain sent a flag of truce, and demamled to be informed whether bis majesly's ship of war would be supplied from shore with provisions. The reply was in the negative ; and the ships in the har- bor being continually annoyed by the riflemen from behind the buildings and warehiipBes on the wharves, it was determined to dislodge them by destroying the town. wm nppm ^ THE HISTORY OF Preyions notice was giren, that the Women, chii- -dren, and other innocent persons might remove from the danger. The entrance of the new year was sig- nalized at four oVlock in the morning, by a violent •cannonade from the Liverpool, two sloops of war, and the governor's armed ship the Dunmore, second- ed by parties of sailors and marines, who landed and fired the houses near the water. Where build- ings, instead of being covered with tile, slate, or lead, are covered with shingles ; (thin light pieces of fir or cedar, half a yard in length, -and about six in- ches broad) let Che wind be ever so mbdenate, they will, upon being fired, foe likely to communicate the tsenflagration io a distance, should the weather be dry, by the burning shingles being driven by the force of the flames to the tops of other houses. Thus the whole town was reduced to ashes, that the Americans might have no shelter, should they be inclinefd to establish a post on the spot. A few mfen were killed and wounded at the burning of Norfolk, the most populous and considerable town for com- merce of any in lUlpnia. It contained about 6000 inhabitants, /and maoy in aMuent cjtcurastances. The whole loss was estimated at more than three hun- dred thousand pounds sterling. However urgent *■•.'"■■ ' •30IITH tiMERICA. W ^e necessity, it was an odious f.ight to see Lord Dumnore, a principal actor in burning and destroy- ing the best town in his government. The horrid tlistrces brought upon numbers of innocent persons, t>y these opperations, must wound the feelings of aB Who are not hardened by a party spirit. c/ .While matters were thus transacting in America, 41^ ministry at home gare into great expenses, to iBupply the army at Boston with fresh provisions ami ^Bth^r articles. Sir Pet!mc On the 14th of March, a fresh r' tempt was made In the house of loitls, to prevent a continuance of hostilities, which so far succeeded, that in the May following, letters patefl^ h^ ^ia majesty's orders pas* sedunda- the great^ssl, «^^H(ing l^d Howe and General Howe, to be bis majesty's commissioners fof restoring peace to the colonies in North Americiii and for granting pardon to such of his majesty's sub* % M THE HISTORY OF jects there, then in rebellion, as should deserve ihe royal mercy. The same month Commodore Hotham, with all the transports, having the first, division of Hessians on board, sailed from St. He- len's for North America. But let us return to Cana- da, and attend to what was going forward in thai ter. The blockade of Quebec was continued ; but the fears of the Americans were great, as they had no more than 400 men to do duty, while there were upwards Qf three times the number in the city ; they wei^indaijly expectation that the besieged would sally out upon them. At length a small reinforce- ment arrived, which enabled them to take a little iaore rest, tliough the army was again soon reduced by the sraaH pox that broke out among theiiti. Towards the end of May, several regiments arciv ed froir England, and the British forces in Candida were estimated at about 13|0pp men. Tlie rgeneral rendezvoys was appointed to be at Thrfte Rivej-Sy half way between Quebec and Montreal. The Aniericans now formed a plan to surprize the British trobps, and for that purpose marched under cover of the night, on tlie 8th of June, injorder to atiack t^i^ni VORTB AMERICA. «# A fittle before day-break. General Thompson, Tr1i6 commanded in ^is expedition, had procured a Cana- dian guide, who was either ignorant or unfaiihful ; for, a little before sunrise, he found his forces were out of the proper road. They returned, but losing their way by the side of the river, they were soon in view of some of the enemy's boats, between which and the flanking party several balls were ex- chained. They then quickciied their pace, and continued advancing in sight of the shipping, witti ibuniB beating and fifes playing, as they knew they Were discovered. The General judging there was no possibility of passing the ships, without being expos- ed ta an their fire, and yet determining to persist In the expedition, filed oflT at a right angle from the river. He meant to take a circuitous route, and enter the town on the backside. A bad morasst intervened, the 'trbt|i8^ entered It, and the men were Kimost mired. About nine o'clock they came to a cleared spot, formed, and got into some order about ten. They advanced, but before the rear had got off the place of formation, the front received a heavy fire from the enemy, which struck them with terror. The fire was instanty repeated, and though the balls t^ Hi (oa THE HISTORY OJT flew over the heads of tlie troops without dorqi^^jiiij^ material execution, they ga?« way, and crowdeil^ back, in th^ ^,t"^^^ Qoofu^ion, which left them withr| out a leader, so that every one did as he please^.— r! They turned their faces up the river, ^d hostelled through the swamps as fast as possible. About eleven they began to collect, and soon learned from the Canadians, that the enemy had sent a detach- ment, with several field pieces by land, to cut off^ their retreat, and a party by water to seize their boats. About four they were told that the enemy had secured the bridge before them, which it was,, supposed they must pass. They were also convinc- ed that a large body were closely in their rear. — ^ il. Maxwell ordered all who were collected togeth- ^. to halt, called the officers to him and said, " What shall we do ? Shall we fight those in the IVont or in the rear ? Shall we tamely submit 1 or shall we turn off into the woods, and each man shift for himself ?'' The last proposal was preferred, but the enemy was so near, tjiat the rear of the Americans was exposed to another tremendous fire, while going down the hill into (he woods, but the halls flew over theiii witlw^t injuring any. The person, who was intrusted with tlie care of the boats, had removed them in NORTH AMERICA. lOi time to a secure place ; so that the loss of the Americans which otherwise must have been much greater, amounted only to about two hundred pris- oners. , "... The troops that escaped began to collect about ten the next day, and by noon were considerably numerous. They got along by degrees, and by sunset the day following arrived opposite Sorel.— Gen. Thompson' and Colonel Irwin, the second in command, with some Other officers were laken — The killed and wounded of the king's tsoops were trifling. *<^ The king's forces having joined at Three Rivers, proceeded by land and water to Sorel, off which the fleet arrived in the evening, a few hours after the rear of the Americans had left it. A considerable body was landed and the command given to General Burgoyne, with instructions to pursue the continental army up the river to St. John's, but without hazard*- ing any thing till another coliimii on his right shoiritt be able to co operate with him; — Sir Guy Carleton's e:&traordinary precaution to put nothing to hazard, when not absolutely necessary, gave the Amerieans the opportunity of escaping. Had Burgoyne bcea la #■ ''f'j I ^'-jsdatunu^-i rm THE HISTORY OF iostructed (o press on with the utmost expc(litioii» great numbers of the provincials must have been made prisoners, and but few would have crossed T^ke Champlain. Thus ended the expedition against Quebec. ^*rf Jur* fttiij To return to Boston. The British Commodore, Banks, omitting to leave cruisers in the bay, afforded ah opportunity to the American privateers of taking a number of Highlanders. Three days after his qnit^ ting it, the George and Annabella transports entered, after a passage of seven weeks from Scotland, dur- ing the course of w hich they had not an opportunity of speaking with a single vessel that could give them the smallest information of the British troops having evacuated Boston. They were attacked in the mor- ning by four privateers, with whom they engaged tilf the- eveninj];, when the privateers bore away, and the trans- ports pushed for Boston harbor, not doubting but they should there receive protection, either from a Fort or ship of force stationed for the security of British ves- sels. They stood up. for Nantasket road, when an American battery opened apon them, which wias the first serious proof they had of the situation of affairs at the port to which they were destined. The}ti|«£^ i» ^v^II ^« ~^w~ n*" -7^ (WSf^Vr* ^ NORTH AMERICiL l«S too Cir embayed to retreat, as the wiimI had cKed away, ami 'be tide was half expended. The privateers with which they had been ek:gaged, joined by two othersv made towards them. They prepared for a^ tion ; but, by some misfortune the Annabella got aground so far astern of the George, that the latter expected but a feeble support from her musketry. About eleTen at night, the prrvi>ieers anchored close byp and hailed them to strike the British flag. Tb^ mate of the Cteorge, and every sailor or board, the Captain excepted, refused to fight any longer ; but the papers and privates of the 7 1st regiment stppd ta their quarters till all their ammuniton was expended^ ^hen they were forced to yield. They had eight privates and a major killed besides 17 wounded. Tb& * ■ . -i -,♦*.■ •' . ♦ > number of Highlanders taken were 2&7 privates, 48 officers besides Lieut. Col. Campbell. On the 25th of June, General Howe arrived at Sandy Hook in the Greyhound frigat<' He soon re- ceived from Governor Tryon a full account of the state and disposition of tlie province, as well as of the strength of the Americans. General Washington'^ aimy was small, rather below 90i0 fit for duty. Of this little army it was said at least 2000 were whoUj^ ■A 1 1 ■ft:^ wmmmmm liiipp 1«4 THE HISTORY t)F destitute or arms, and nearly as luany with arms ifi ^such a condition as to be rather calculated to discour* age than animate the user. On the 2d of July, Gen* eral Howe's troops took possession of Stateoy Island. •« • ^m Onthelstrof July, Congress resolved itseff into fli Committee of the whole, upon the subject of Inde- pendence; but neither colonies nor members being unanimous, it was postponed tiU the next day. On the 4th, they had it under further consideration, when the Declaration of Independence was' to and adopted. — The title of it was, i^~ H ■4: ** A Declahatton by the Representativj^s bi THii United States of America, im CoNGREtia, ASbEMBLED. » -.#■ The preamble follows in these wor<|s : — " When in the course of human eyents, it becomes necessary £or one people to dissolve the political bands which bare connecited ^beni with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station, to which the laws of nature and of na- ture's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that tbey shoultf de- # NORTH AMERICA; Wi^ dare tbe causes which imp^ 1 them to (he separa^ tion* ** We hoTd these truths to be self-erident, that alf men are created equal — ^that they are endowed by* their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among tfaei!/^ are life, Uberty, and tbe pui^uit of hap- pinessw — That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers, from the consent of the governed — that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and org&nizicg ii»< pipwers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence,, indeed, will dictate, that governments long establish- ed, should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more dispost d to suffer, while evils are suflerable, than to right themselves by abolish* ing tbe forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of ^uses and usurpations, pursuing invariably i^je same object, evinces a design to re- duce them under absolute despotism, it is their righ%^ it iis^^ their dc/ty, to- throw off ^acb goverDment, Midt# • iiii.. the expense of blood, it was found ne- cessary to burn several of the smaller and least valua- ble vessels, to prevent their falling into thtt hands of ^e Americans, and to send the remainder with the exiled friends of the British government, to seek itieffer in Florida, Bermuda, and the West-Indies. \ Lord Howe arrived off Halifax tolvards the end of June, and from thence proceeded to New-York, and reached Staten Island by the 12th of July. From ^hence he sent on shore by a flag to Amboy, a eircu- larietter, together with a declaration to several df the late governors of the colonies, acquainting them with his powers, and desiring them to -publish the same as generally as possible, for the information of - the people. But it was* now too late to bring Ihem back to the oljediedce of the mother country. ' 4m ,IJil^|Pl|l;J,^!|!l|^PPi^P^llJI,ffk«l*:*IW*PJ|IWiP^i^ im THE HISTORY W 4' •ince the Declaration of Independence had Been ^very where solemnly read. In the month of August, Genersil Howe finding liimself sufficiently strong to attempt something, re- solved on making a decent on Long- Island. The ?iieces8ary measures being taken by the fleet for cov- ering the descent, the army was landed without op- position, between two small towns, 0tretcht and *Gravesend, not far from the narrows, on the nearest -shore to Staten-Island. *■■■ • On this Island are several passes through the mountains, or hills, which are easily defensible, be- ing very narrow, and the lands high and mountain- ous on each side. These were the only roads tliat «ouId be passed from the south side of the hills to the American lines, except a road leading round the eastern end of the hills to Jamaica. An early atten- tion had been given to the importance of these passesk To the second of them the small American parties, -patrolling on the coasts, retired upon the approach -of the British boats with the troops. Lord Comwallis pushed on immediately with the reserve and some other forcofi; but finding the Americans in posses^ NORTH AIVIERICA. 1T)9 ^lon of the pass, in compliance with orders Tie risked DO attack. The Americans had on each of the three passes or roads, a guard of 800 men ; and to the east of them m the wood, Colonel Miles was placed with his battallion to guard the road from the south of the bills to Jamaica, and to vfsXch the motion of the enemy on that side, with orders to keep a party con- stantly reconnoiteriog to and across the Jamaica road. The sentinels were so placed sa^o keep a continual communication between the three guards on the three roads. * On the 26fh of August, General Howe, having fully settled the plan of surprise. General de Heister wiih I lis Hessians took post at Flatbush in the eve- ning, and composed the centre. About nine o'clock the same night, the pricipal army, containing much the greater part of the British forces, under the com- mand of General Clinton, £arl Piercy, and lord ComwaHis, marched in order to gain the road lead- ing round the easterly end of the hills to Jamaica, *-i so to turn the left of the Americans. Colonel Miles, whose duty it was to guard this road, suffered the British to march not less that six miles, till the^ 110 THE HISTORY OF were near two miles in the rear of the guards, before he discovered and gave notice of their ap- proach. The next day, before day-break, General Clinton arrived within half a mile of the road, when he halt- ed, and settled his disposition for attack. One of his patrols fell in with a patrol of American officers, on horseback, who were trepanned and made pri- soners. General Sullivan, though in expectation that they would brlioig him intelligence, neglected sending out a fresh patrol on finding -limself disappointed. Clinton, learning from the captured officers, that the Americans had not occupied the road, detached a battallion of light infantry to secure it, and advan- cing with his troops upon the first appearance of day, possessed himself of the heights that commanded the road. About midnight, the guard, consisting all of New^ Yorkers and Pennsylvanians, perceiving there was danger at band, fled without firing a gun, and carried to Geneal Parsons, who commanded them, the ac- count of the enemy's advancing in great numbers by tliat road.. Gen. Grant's movements were to divert tlie attention of the Americans from the left, where ■■:>>f^amim^-'''''''''^immm>>^i- FfORTtt AMERICA. Ill ^:: the main attack was to be made by GeDeral Clinton. By day light, CTeneral Parsons perceived, that the British were got through the wood, and were (le- scending on the north side.^-He took twenty of his fugitiTe guard, being all he could collect, and post* ed thera on a height in front of the British, about half a mile distant, which halted their column, and gave time for lord Stirling to come up with hi9 forces, amoantiDg to about 1606; who possessed himself of a hill libout two miles from (be camp. The engagement began soon oiler day-breatc, by the Hessians from Flatbush under General Heisfer, and by General Grant on the coast ; and a warinr cannonade, with a brisk lire of smalt arms, were eagerly supported on both sides for a considerable time. The Americans opposing General Heister were the first who were apprised of the mardi of the British troops under General Clinton. They accordingly retreated in large bodies, and in tolera- ble order, to recover their camp ; but they were socni interrupted by the right wing under General Clinton, who, having halted and refreshed his forces after pas- sing the heights, continued his march, and getting into the rear of the left of the Americans, about half past eight o'clock, attacked them witb his light 'm^^^ ji^4'^{M^to|t»--.t-iLitaittjj-aMJfaji ^■/^l^'W^''^*^^ " J ' ^ WP*,^^)' Jf '^1 >" 112 THE HISTORY OP infantry and light dragoons, while quitting the heights to return to their lines. They were driven back, and again met the Hessians, and thus were they al- ternately chased and intercepted. In these desper- ate circumstances, some of their regiments, over- powered and outnumbered as they were, forced their way to the camps through all the dangers with which Ihey were pressed. The Amei'icans under lord Stirling, who were en- gaged with General Grant, behaved with great brave- ry and resolution ; but were so late in their know- ledge of what passed elsewhere, that their retreat was intercepted by some of the British troops, who be- sides turning the hills and the American left, had traversed the whole extent of country in their rear. Several broke through the enemy's lines and got into the woods. General Parsons, with a small party, escaped by doing the same ; numbers threw themselves into the marsh at Gorvan's cove, some were drowned, and others perished in the mud. However a considerable body escaped to the lines. The nature of the country and the variety of the ground) occasioned a cpntinuance and extension of small engagements, pursuits, and slaughter, whleh last- ed for many hours before the scene closed. *m NORTH AMERICA. 113 The BriHsh troops displayed great Talor aiid ac- thrity oh' this occasion. So impettibus was their ah]or, that it wias with dimciitty they could be je- igtrained, by General Hope's otders, from attacking' the Amerit*an lines. They wiDiild probably have Entered th^m, had not the works been completed th^ liight befote the action, hf closing an opening on the right, aiid placing afi abbattis before it. The Americans were mbst completely surprised and eflTectually entrapped. Colonel Smallwood^s Mary* IkUd refgini^h't sufiTered extremely, and was almost cut to pices, losing 259 men. The loss was much regretted, on account of their being young men of the best families in the country. All who were engaged in the actions of this day did not display the same courage^ nor wa^ it to bV ex- peoted from such raw troops. Many escaped from the want of discipline; for they broke at the sight of danger and saved themselves b^ f^^, wheVeas oth^ erwisfe they musthkv^ been killed oir taken. — ^Large' bodies however were captured. General Sulli* van, lord Stirling, and Getifal IJdell,' besides three Colonels, thr^e Majors, eighteen captains, for- ty three lieutenants, eleven ensigns, an adjutant, three surgeons, and iwo volunteers, were made pris- K 2 114i THE HISTORY OP oners, together with 1006 priyates ; in all 1097. As among the prisoners the wounded were included, an allowance of between (bur and five hundred for killed, drowned, perished in the woods, the mud and the like, may be reckoned about the mark. — ^The loss of the British, in killed and wounded, did not exceed three hundred and eighteen, of whom only sixty-one were killed. After the battle, the Ameri- cans retreated to New- York, to which place they crossed over under favor of a fog, taking with thenv all their military stores, and leaving nothing behind* ihem but a few pieces of cannon and ^some trifling matters. Memorable Events Recorded- in this Chapter, General Howe evacuates Boston, - A. D. 177& Norfolk in Virginia burnt, - -, - do. 8ir Peter Parker and Earl Cornwallis sail for . America, - - . , " , " , - dp. The blockade of Quebec continued - do» The Americans raise ihe blockade, and. retreat^ do. NORTH AMERICA. 11^ A number of Highlanders taken in Boston ^ Bay, - - - - - - HTft Declaration of American Independence! - do. Gen. Howe lands the royal army on Long-Isl- and, and drives the Americans off it, - dow V !. v.v: "■ mmmmm l^^^fi^^^r^- ir» TtfB Bft^Olff (W CHAPTER VI. u »^s. After the affair of Long-Island, endeavors were used by the Americans to keep up the spiri^ of the people, by puffing accounts of the extraordi- nary bravery of their troops, and the destruction they' made of the enemy. But tliat matters were not rery promising, appears from a letter of General Mercer, who commanded the flying camp, dated September 4th, wherein be writes : *< Gen. Wash- ington has not, so far as I hbve seen,' five thousand men to be depended on, for the service of a cam- paign y and I have net one thcgusand. Both our armies are composed of raw militia, perpetually fluctuating between the camp and their farms, poorly armed, and still worse disciplined. These are not^ a match for, were their numbers equal to, veteran troops, well fitted, and urged on by able officers. Numbers and discipline must at last prevail. Giv- ^1 ■t . NORTH AMERICA. nr Mig soldiers, or even the lower orders of mankind^ the choice of officers, will for ever mar the discV* pline of armies/* Oen. Howe, having fully prepared for a descent on New- York Island, embarked a strong division of the army, under the command of General Clinton, and others, in boats at the head of Newtown inlet, and at another place higher up, where they could not be observed by the Americans who expected the attack would be made on the side^next the East river, and had therefore thrown up lines and works to de« fend themselves. On the 15th of September, about eleven o'clock^ General Howe's troops landed, under the cover of JBve ships of war, in two divisions, the Hessians in one place, and the British in another. As soon as General Washington heard the firing of the men of war he rode with all dispatch towards the lines ; but to his great mortification, found the troops posted io ^lem retreating with the utmost precipitation — and those ordered to support them, Parson's and Fel' low's brigade, flying in every direction, and in the greatest confusion. His attempts tp stop them were "1^ LiA.iAfc.^.a.jiJ^j^,^^-]i'A%(p():i3ij-"a fcijMiiii.vsiiSiii^ ■•'ir:*rT'j-'«lS^(6!'" jaJli&Ma^k'ulE^ *'-';ff.-%m^P" fit ' tlffim^TORt Ot fniiitefifr, though he drew his sword, threatened t6 rtm them through, tod cocked and snapped his pistols. On the appearance of a small party of the enemy,, not IftOrfe than sixty or seventy, their dii^order was^ encreased, and (hey ran off without finng a single shot, leaving the General in a hazardous situation, ^o that his attendants to extricate him oiit of it,^ caught the bridle of his horse, and gave him & dilSer* ^&t direction. Three large shi| s were stationed in the North river, opposite to those on the East river, and both kept up a constant cannonading with grape shot, and flmgrage, quite across the idlaAd. The llesi^ians, upon th^ir landing, seized lind sectirr<§d, in 81 neigh- boring building, as enemies, some persotis who had beej|y)Iaced there to &erve as guides, ^hich for i white, subjected them to a difficulty. When the regulars were completely landed, they advanced towards the Kingsbridge road. The American brigatles, which had fled on the enemy's approaching the lii»-)8, did not stop until they were met by Colonel Glover's and five other brigades, who were hastening down to them. As soon as they Joined, the whole marched forward^ and took t!g.„ -.. r-r NORTH AMEI^ICA. tm ^ost on some heights, when suddenly eig^t thousand^^ of the enemy appeared on the next height, and halt- ed, general Washington at first consented that his troops should give them battle; but, onasecondcoQr. eideration, J^e gave countre orders, as he could not have any ' dependence on the militia and the flying camp, which composed half the number then pres- ent. When the Americans retired and no prospect of an action remained, the English took possession of New-York. €leneral Washington, while moving the army from New- York Into the country, was cureful to march and form the troops so as to make a front towards the enemy, from East-Chester almost to White Plains, on the east side of the highway, thereby to secure the march of those who were behind on their right, and to defend ttie removal of the sick, cannon, and other matters of consequence ; but the want of many necessary articles, considerably retarded their march. Githe 25(11 of October, the royal army moved in two columns, and took a position they thought the most edvantageous. On the 28th an action took jjlace between the contending forces, at White Plains, 'H %. ^0 THE HISTORY OP Sft'i i Und though not a general engagement, both parties | met with considerable loes. The Americans sus- tained the various attacks made on their lines with ^^''* becoming firmness. On the last day of October, ^neral Howe, being joined by the troops from Lord Piercy, made dispo- sitions for attacking the American lines early the next morning ; but an extreme wet night and morning pre- "Vented the execution at the time appointed, and it was not attempted afterwards, though the day proved iair. Gen. Washington gained intelligence of his danger from a deserter, when he drew off most of his troops at night, totally evacuated his camp early in the morning of the first of T^Tovemb^r, and took high- er ground towards the North Castle district ; leaving a strong rear guard on the heights and in the woods of White Plains. Orders were given by Gen. Howe to attack this corps ; but the execution of it was pre- vented by a violent rain. Though the affair at White Plains made so much ■noise at the time in Which it happened, the Ameri- cans soon ^fter retreated, leaving the English ia possession of New- York and the Jerseys. Gen. Lee was talken prisoner, and carried to New-York. j^ Wj^kjn NORTH AMERICA. 121 'December 26tb, Gen. Washington made a descent on Jersey, and at Trenton, suprised and took prison- ers twenty tliree Hessian officers, and eight hundred and eighty six .men. In tlie evening he repassed the * pelaware with his jirisoners. From this period to the mont^ of June, 1777, nothing passed Jn Tersey hut one continued scene of blood and slaughter among detached parties, without any decisive advantages being gained by either side. On the 30th of June, at ten o'clock in the morning, the English began to cross over to Staten-Island, and the rear guard passed at two in the afternoon, with' eut the least appearance of an enemy. Thus they evacuated the Jerseys, to enter upon new conquests, in hopes of reducing the United States to uncondi- tional submission. Let us now turn to the British operations in the North, which were taken out of the hands of Sir Guy Carieton, and committed to tlie charge of Gen, Biirgoyne. The forces allotted to them, consisting of British and German troops, amounted to more than 7000 men, exclusive of the artillery corps. A powerful train of brass artillery was furnished, prob- }p the (inest, and the most excellently supplied, as ff Jllppiilpliliiipp 1122 THE HISTORY OP v^l to officers and private men, that had ever been des- tined to second the operations of an army not ex- ceeding the present number. The army was, in every respect, in the best condition; ^e troops were in the highest spirits ; admirably disciplikied, and un- eommonly faealtl^. The main body under "Oen.Burgoyne, proceeded] up lake Champlain, landed and encamped at no great distance from Crown- Point, where he met the Indians in Congress, 'and afterwards, in compliance ^th their customs, gave them a war feast. He made a speach to them, calculated to excite their ardor io the common cause, and at the same time to repress their barbarity. He conjured them to kill those only who opposed them in arms ; that old men, wo- men, children, and prisoners, should be held sacred from the knife, or hatchet, even in the heat of actual conflict : that they should scalp those only whom they had slain in fair opposition ; but that under no pretence should they scalp the wounded, or even dy- ing, much less kill persons in that condition : they were promised a compensation for prisoners, but informed that they should be called to account for acalps. lisititmtmmxmiiiimimiiM 'MiiA^M^^- •''--'^ '■'-■ ^ 'dM^j^ii «»?J((!*sn>T- ;,-"»>?««■■■ ' '•'• ^'gfjr.'-^T'^'^y^''-' NORTH AMERICA. 129f On the near approach of the right wingnof the royal army on the Ticonderoga side, the Americans abandoned their works towards Lake George, and left Gen. Phillips to possess the advantageous post [[of Mount Hope, without making way resistance, which would have been ineffectual, and could hare answered m good purpose. That apparent supine- ness and want of vigor, with which they were charge- able, was not occasioned by cowardice, but actual imbecitity. Gen. Burgoyne^s troop9 proceeded with murh expedition, in the construetion of their works, the bringing up of artillery, stores, and provisions ; but what gave the greatest alarm, was, the rapid progress they made in clearing a road, and getting artillery on Sugar- Hill. When once thejfhad ereeted a battery on this height, only a few hours more would have been required to have invested the Americans ou all sid^ Gen. St. Clair having received iRlelligence by spies, that in twenty-four hours the investure would be completed, when he should be cut off from all possibility of succor. Gen. Schuyler, not having force sufficient at Pert Edward to relieve him, he ■«fl i* '2* , THE HrSTORr bp- tjw*ir««tai)iiiiitr "■i1ltriiiiitiil|i j^55»!»f ^-'^!W,«wr''•'«"■' ^^h0iY.l NORTH AMERICA. K^ money, besides many articles of platej and other liungs. • After various motions of the royal amiy, on the' 26th of September, General Howe made his trium- phal entry into Philadelphia, with a small part of his* army, where he was most cordially received by the generality of the Quakers, and a few other royalists. The bulk of his troops were left iii and about Ger- mantown, a village forming one continued street" for near two miles. General Washington's army was encampml near Shippach-Creek, about eighteen miles from thence. The Congress, on the loss of Philadelphia, removed to York-Town. To return to the Northern Army, under the com^ mand of General Bufgoyne. Several actions took place, between the Americans and regulars, in the intended march of the British towards Albany. — In these different skirmishes, the regulars suffered very considerably, as well as the Indians in their interest. The principal action happened at Benningtdn, in ^ which the Americans took from the English four brass field pieces, twelve drums, two hundred and fifty dragoon swords, four ammunition waggons, and .Ji;S mummm ipiipiipipn^pp. iiii|»t eve- ry thmg in readiness for attacking the royal army, This done he took out his watch, the time agreed for fighting be*"^ coise. He then sent Colonel G?f a- ton en horseback to Burgoyne with a mesB^ i^- quiring the Genera! to sign, and allowed him no more than ten minutes to go and return. He was back it; lime, the treaty was signeJ, All hostile appearances ceased, and the Americans marched into the British Knes to the tune of Yankee doodle. They wewj kept there until the royal army had mar<*.hed out of their lines, and deposited their arms at the place ap* pointed by the treaty. The delicacy with which this bus'iuess was con- ducted reflects the highest honor upon the American General. It intimated that he was ensible of the NOWTH AMERICA, m morfifleiltioii attending a rcreree of fortime, and IhaJ he was unwilling to aggravate the painful feelings of the royal troops, by admitting the American soldiers to be eye witiMisea to the degrading spectacle of piling thair^ arms. When ihe arnnia were deposited Agreeable to treaty, the royal troops were served with bread by the Americans, as they bad not any left, or flour to make it. They had only one day's suit meat remaiaiog. « The treaty was styled, " A convention between Lieutenant- Gleneral fiurgoyne, and Major General jpates." Among other articles ift%ae 6li|iulated, <( Tb^t the troops under Lieutenant-General Bur- goyne shall march out of their eamp with the honors? .^f war, and the artillery of the enlrcuchments, to ttie verge of the river, where the arms an'l artilleQr are to be left. The arms to be piled by word of conjt- iHiapd from their .own o£|cers. A free passage to be grai^ted to the royal army to Great-Britain, upon con- ilUion of not serving again in America during I he o^.*sent contest ; and the port of Boston to be assign- ed for the entry of transports to receive iu^, (rw»p«i, whe; /er General Howe shall so order. The offi- cers' baggage not to be molested or searched. Du- ring tlie stay of the troops in the Massachusetts bay, 156 THE HISTORY OP the officers are to be admited on parole, and to b* allowed to wear their eidearmB.'' -^ The return signed by General Burgoyne, at the lime of the conrention, made the British army in- cluding Germans, amount to 6791, ^vhich was very «hort of the number they had on setting out from . Canada. The train of brass artillery, con&ting of * 42 pieces, was a fine acquisition to the Americans, ^rhere were also 4Gi7 muskets, 6000 dozen of ca^ tridges, besides shot, carcases, shells, &.c. Hat * "(m advanced in time, Burgoyne would jfiaye been ^a^ld ; but the troops he dispatched un- der General Yaughan amused themselres with burn- ing Esopus, a fine Tillage on the North river below Catskill. General Yaughaii with a flood tide, might have reached Albany, in four hours, aff there wa^no force to hinder him. Had he proceeded thither, and burnt the strores. Gates, as he himself afterwards di^clared, must have retreated into New-England. ^ m'" NORTH AMERICA. 137 MemoroMe Events Recorded in this Chapter. Wretched state of the armies under the Gen- erals Washington and Gates, - A. D. 1776. Kew York taken by the royal forces, - do. The ba|tle of the White Plains, - - ^do. A body of Hessians defeated at Trenton, -, do^. General Howe embarks his army from Staten Island, A. D. 1777. General Burgoyne proceeds to Crown Point, - do. l^conderoga and Mount IndepetidenAievacu- " atea, ------ do. Flag of the United States described, - - do. Battle at the Brandy wine, - - - do. Account of Miss M'Rea's death - - do. Americans engage the British under General ^%tfrgoyne, - - - - - ' do. Dtifres^ and calamity of th* royal army, - do. General Bvir^^e baffte.: in all his designs, - do. Signs a convention for the surrender of his army, - :'^^:"^^^^^ '^pppp^wlilpllllplpllil^ t'.W I^S Ttt^ HISTORY f» CHAPTER Vlh L OWARDS the end of October, 1777, the royal army under the cpnamand of Sir William Howe, removed to Philadelphia. Measwes being concerted b^een the General and admiral for clearing the Delaware of its obstructions, tiie former ordered batteries to be erected on the western or PeDnsylvania shore, to assist in dislodging the Amer« leans from Mud Island. He |||8o detached a strong body of Hessians across the riyer, who were to re- duce the Fort at Redbait, while the i^ips and oittte- rteson the other side-wei^ to i^taek Mud^Islandk Count Dcjopj in the service of the English, was intrusted with the expedition against Redbank, but he &iled in the attempt. He was mortally wounded and taken prisoner, several of his best officers were^UK edor disabled, and the Hessians, aftef a despeiirfis e^ gagemeut, were repulsed. The secondin command fcK NORTH AMERICA. 19* being also dangerously wounded, the detachment waff brought off by Lieutenant-Coloilet Linsing. It is said that the royal detachment lost, on this occasion, be- tween four and five hundred mem The expedition against Mud-Island met with- better success, the Americans being driven from thence, and forced to retire to Redbank. On the night of the 1 8th of November, Lord Cora* wallis marched with a considerable force, and the next day crossed the Delaware, in bis way to Red^ bank, which the Americans s^andoned^ leaving be- hind them the artillery and a consi^rable quantity of cannon ball; The English Generals confessed, that the long and unexpected opposition they receiv- ed from Redbank and Mud-Islaud, broke in upon, their plans for the remainder of the campaign. Sunday, May third,, 1778, Mr. Simeon Deane^ Hirother to Silas Deane, arrived express from France, ^^.witkvery important dispatches. The Congress was Immediately couvened, and the dispatches opened* '^d read, among which to theic inexpressible joy, ' j|rere a treaty of commerce, and a treaty of alliance^ ^ f eluded bettveen his most CJbnstian Majesty i^ \ W \ V \ 8SPP''PWf!^a!ISpWf^?P5J^-''' 140 THE HISTORY OF king of France and the United States of America. The treaties the next day were duly weighed and considered separately, and upon each it was unan- imously resolved; ^^' That the same be and is hereby ratiSed." The next resolution was, " That this Con- gress entertain the highest sense of the magnanimity and wisdom of his most Christian majesty, so strong- Vhy exemplified in the treaty of amity and commerce, and the treaty of alliance ; and the commissioners representing these states, at the court of France, are directed to present the grateful acknowledgements of this Congress to his most Christian majesty, for h& truly magianimous conduct respecting these states, in the said generous and disinterested treaties, and to assure his majesty, on the part of thi8"tJon- gress, it is sincerely wished, that the friendship, so happily commenced between France and these VpXt- ed States may be perpetual/' The Congress, after receiving the treaties, had a stronger feeling of their own importance than before, aad resolved, " That the commissioners appointed foi the courts of Spain, Tuscany, Vienna, and Ber^ Hn, should live in such style and manner at their rei^ pective courts, as they may fkid suitable and necifs- tary to support the digjai ty of their public character.'*^ .^■~i,-.'~iK:-' }.'■: ^<,'y-:ji:..-i,:- NORTH AMERICA. 14» On the fifth of May, they agreed to a draught of ** An Address to the inhabitants of the United State« of America." In this publication, when they come to the French treat}', they say, " You have iUiil to expect one severe conflict. Your foreign alliincee though they secure your Independence, cannot se- cure your country from desoltttion, yonr inhabitant^ipr from plunder, your wives from rnsolt or violation, nor your children from butchery. Foiled in the principal design, you must expect to feei the rage of disappointed ambition. Arise, then, to yoar tents, and gird you for battle ! It is time to turn the bead- long current of vengeance upon the head of the des- troyer. They have filled up the measure of their abominations, and like ripe fruit, must soon drop fi^nof. the tree. Although much is done, yet much remains to do. Expect nof peace, while any comer of America is in the possession of your foes. You iiQUst drive them away from this land of Promise, a land flowing, indeed, with milk and honey. You? brethren at the extremities of the contine;.; already implore your friendship and protection. It is your duty to grant their request. They hunger and thirat after liberty. Be it yours to dispense Jto them the heaV sniy igifl. And what is there now to prevent it V V:''m gi'- 142 THE HISTORY OF In the mcnth of May, the American frigate ftan- dolph, of 36 gnoe^ and 305 men, sailed on a cruise, from Charlestowti. The Yarmouth of 64 guns, dii*- eovered her and fire other vessels, and came up with her in the erening. Captain Vincent hailed the Randolph to hoist her colours, or he would fire ll^Mito her; on which she hoisted American, and ini' mediately gave the Yarmouth her broadside, which was returned, and in about a quarter of an hour she blew up. Four men saved themselves upon a piece of her wreck, and subsisted for five days upon no- thing more than raia water, which they sucked from .a piece of blanket they had picked up. On the fifth, the Yarmouth being in chase of a ship, happ'ilf discovered them waving. The Captain humanely suspended the chase, hauled up to the wreck, got a boat out and brought them on board. On die 7th of May^ the second battalUon of Brtt- 1^ light infantry^ in fiat boats, attendee' by three galfies and other armed boafs^ proceeded up the Delaware, in ordeif to destroy all the American ships and vessels lying in the river between Philadelphia and Trenton. They landiBd the next morning, ad- vanced toil^^ds Bardentown, drove the Americans Ib^t opposed them, entered the town jind burnt fuiir ^ NORTH AMXmCA. ViM aiore houses contaifiing provisions, tobacco, soine military stores, and camp equipage. The /Cpuntry being alarmed and a strong body collected, the bat- tallion crossed to the Pennsylvania shore. The next day they resumed their iterations, and at sun- set embarked and returned to PhiJadelphia. While v upon the expedition, they burnt two frigates, one of Thirty-Two, the other of Thirty Eight guns ; nine large ships ; three Privateer Sloops, of Sixteen guns each ; three of ten guns ; twenty-three Brigs, with a number of Sloops and Schooners. Two of the Ships were loaded with Tobacco, Rum, and military stores. General Howe was succeeded in the command of the army by sir Henry Clinton, who arrived at Philadelphia on the eighth of May. On the sixth of February the treaties between France and the United States were signed. The al- liance between these two powers was known to the British ministry soon aftei they were signed. 'VLr. Fox, in a debate in the house of commons five days afterwards, asserted, that the number of men lost to the army, in killed, disabled, deserted, and from va- rious other eauseS) from the commencement of hos- ■^Pr |ii<-!,.y.*ft'ai'iii'liiliiiiMfir>j'iti!r1Bi^ 144 OiaK HISTORY OP lilities with America to that period, amounted to «tK)ye twentj thousAnd. On the 1 7tb, i^ord North introduced his concilia- tory propoeitions. His plan was to enable the crown to appoint commissioners to treat with the colonists concerning the means of putting an end to those* Ijijl unhappy contests; for which five persons were in- rested with ample powers. His lordship said in his Speech, that General Howe had, in the late actions, and in the whole course of the campaign, not only in goodness of troops, and in all manner of supplies, but also in point of numbers, been much superior to the American army that opposed him in the field ; that General Bargoyne had, until the afTair at Ben- Dikigton, been in numbers, nearly twice as stroD' \ that of the American army, that he promised a grirac army should be sent out, and that a great army had aisoordingly been sent out, to the amount of sixtj^ thousand men and upwards. The speech was long, able, and eloquent, andT kept him up two full hours. It was heard with pro- found attention, but without a single mark of appro- bation. A dull melancholy silence for some time succeeded. Astonishment, dejection, and fear, oyer- NORTH AMEUrCA. U5 <^Ioudeil the whole esseuibly. It was conjectured (hat some powerful motive had induced the ministry i6 adopt such an alteration of meascres. This idea was confirmed by the positive assertion of Mr. Fox, that a treaty had been signed at Paris between the Colonies and Ffance, by which she recognized their independence. On the 13th of March, the French ambassador ■s. T When intelligence of Sir Heniy Clintoti's having evacuated Philadelphia reached the American head* quarters, Gvmeral Washington took his measures accordingly, f'everal skirmishes hiqipened betweew the Americans and the regulars with various successy till on the 30th of June the royal aj.my arrived ih the neighborhood of Sandy-Hook. During tlie course of the march from Philadelphia, the royal army was much reduced ; upwards of 800 having « deserted, a gre^t number of whom were Hessians. On the 5th of July, the army passed over a bridgri of boats across a narrow channel to Sandy Hook and were afterwards carried up to New* York. On the "i th Lord Howe received advice, that the squad- 'V. ron from Toulon had arrived at Vu*ginia. Count d'Estaing anchored on the 8th at night at th<^ f;ittsnce of the Delaware. The next morning he weired and sailed towards the Hook, and on the evening of the nth anchored witfaotit it. Had not bad weatUtr and unexpected impedimeiifi |Hr«vented, Uie Count must have surprised Howe's fleet in the Delaware^ as the latter would not have had time to escape aflter being apprised of his danger. The deetruclion of the fleet must have been the consequence of such a syrpri^aly and thalmitst mave oeeaeioned the inevifa- mpppplip^if 148 THE HISTORY OF I .' tie loss of the royid army, which would have hetn fio encloi^cl by the French squadron on the one side and the American forces or the oth«r, tliat the Sara- toga Catastrophe must havo been repeated. Lord Howe's fleet consisted only of six sixty-four gun jBhips, three of fifty, and two of forty, with some frigates and sloops. Count d'Estasng had twelve ships ef the line, some of which were of great ibree and weight. On the 22d of July, the Count sailed from Sandys Hook, when about twenty swl of vessels bound to New-York fell into his possessicm. They were chiefly ppzes taken from the Americans: ; but had he stayed a few days longer, Admiral Byron'^ fleet must have fallen a defenceless prey into their handd. That squadron had met with unusual bad weatiier, and being separated in difierent storms, and lingering through a tedious passage, arrived scattered, broken, sickly, dismasted, or otherwise damaged in various degrees of distress, upon different and remote parts of the American coast. 'Between the departure of d'Estaing and the 30th July, the Renown of 50 gun» from the West-Indies, the Raisonable and Centurion of 64 and the Cornwall of 74 guns, all arrived singly at Sandy-Hook. By d'Estsii^'s-siieedy departure, KORTH AMERICA. U9 » number of provision siiips from Cork escaped also, ' together with their convoy. They went up the Del- aware within fifty miles of Philadelphia after Lord Bowe bad quitted the river, sol having obtained any Information of what had happened. The British ministry had neglected countermanding their desti- nation, though orders fbr the evacuation of Philadel- phia had been sent off so early, as to have admitted of their receiving, before sailing, fresh instructiona where to have steered. Great rejoicing? were made at New York, upon their safe arrival, especially as provisions were much wanted both by the fleet and army. « Let us now quit the military operations, for the present, and take a view of the pendmg negocia* (ions. Governor Johnstone meaning to avail \nn^ Self of former connexions, ei ed to commence or renew a private Correspoiii ^ ^th several members of Congress, aiMl other person^ of cont.i- eration. In his letters to them he used a freedom with the authority under which he acted, not custom- ary with those intrusted Witii delegated power, an?' afforded such a degree of approbation to the Au .t, cans in the past resistance they had made, as is se^ ents and amiable qualities of Gov. Johnstone, and added, that in seyeral conversations with her, he had expressed the most favorable sentiments of Mr. Reed ; that it was particularly wished to engage bia interest to promote the object of the British com- m :;sioners, viz. a re-union of the two countries, if consistent with his principles and judgment; and that in such a case itvcould not be deemed unbecoming or improper in the British government to take a far Torafole notice of such conduct; and that, in this in- stance, Mr. Reed might have ten thous&nd pounds sterling, and any office in the colonies, in his Majes- ty's gift. Mr. Reed finding an answer was expeeted, replied,. '^ I am not worth purchasing ; but such as I am, the king of Great-Britain is pot rich enough to do it.^ However right the principles might be, on wl.ich this insinuating scheme ol' conciliation was adopted, its effects were inimical. On the 9th of July, Congress ordered, « That all ktters received by members of Congress from anjf %" im THE HISTORY OP 4 of the British commissioners^ or their agents, or from any subject of the king of Great- Britain, of a pubtie nature, be laid before Congress." The preceding letters being communicated, and Mr. Reed maldng a declaration of Tvhat had passed within his know- ledge, Congress resolved,^ That the same cannot be considered but as direct attempts to corrupt and bribe the 'Congress ; that as Congress fee), so they ought to demonstrate, the highest and most pointed indig« nation against such daring and atrocious attempts to eorrupt their integrity; and that it is incompatible with the honor of Congress to hold any manner of correspondence or intercourse with the said George Johnstone, Esq. especially to negociate with him upon affairs, in which the cause of liberty is concern- €d.»' The proceelliifB in this business were expressed hk fhe form of a de^bration, a copy of which was o^ dered to be signed by the President, and sent by a flag to the commissioners at New- York. These proceedings produced a very angry and ipiolent declaration from GU)vemor Johnstone, in which the immediate operations of pjassion and dis^ i^pointment were too eonspicoous. The language iiiiiyff ff4.^i«^^ai^^ NORTH AMERICA, 163 of his publication but poorly agreed with the high ftDd flftttering compliments he had 80 lately la? ished on the Americans in those very letters, which were the subjects of the present contest. It was dated the 26th of August, and transmitted to Congress, to- gether with the declaration of the same date from Lord Carlisle, Sir Henry CKnton, and Mr. £den« which went to .a solemn and total disayowal, so far as related to the present subject,^ of their having had any knowledge, durectly, or indirectly, of those mat- ters specified by Congress^ Thus were all hopes of fiirther negoeiations wit&' Congress atanvnd. Had Lord Noith, and the rest of the ministr> then in being,, adopted khese corrupt- ing measures in the more early part of the American disputes, it is possible he might have succeeded ; bttt to attempt it at a time, whea the spirits of the Amer* fcans were raised to the highest pitch, by their new '^ance with France, was Biurely Utile sliort of folly and madn^s. On the 6tb of August, tte honorable Sieur Gerard was introduced to the Congress, in quality of minis- ter plenipotentiary^ who produced a letter from his master, the king oC Fitnce, to his very dear great ii iiigtyrti-iD i rinii frt THI5 HISTORT 0^ Iriendf and^allies ; and the cotnpHmcDta Mens. (le> rard MceiTed on tb|s occuion, were very diffeventr from those Bentiments the Americans lately ente?^ lamed of their now faithful allies ! On the 14th of September, Congress proceeded fb the election of a minister plenipotentiary to the tSourt of France, vvhen Dr. Benjamin Franklin wa» elected by ballot. His instructions were dated the 26tb of bctober, and by them he was directed to ob* tain, if possibit, the French king's consent to ex< punge two of the articles of the treaty of commerce. The Doctor was to inculcate the certamty of ruining the British fishery on the banks of NeW-Fonndland^ and consequently the Brtisb marine, by reducing ffalifax and Quebec. Mimorahk Motnt$ SMBrded ^n this 'S^hapltr, fount DoBOp replieil in the tttaek upon Red- bank, - • " - - A. D. 1777. Mud-Island reduced, . - - - • do. The Randolph Americim Frigate blown up, 1778* flur Henry Clinton succeeda General Howe, in - - - - - - .^t NORTH AMERICA; lii6 4o. Tiie treaties between France and the tJmled 8tates signed, - * A. D. 1778. Lord North's conciliatory propositionf , - dfl^* Messrs. Franklin, Deane, and Lee, have a public audience at the French court, Congress receive the treaties concluded be- tween France and the United titatesi which they unanimously ratify, 'The British army evacuates Philadel^iia, - do. Skirmishes between the English and Amer- icans, ------ ^Q^ -The British forces arrive at Sandy-Hook, - do. Ctovemo^ Johnstone attempts to corrupt certain ' Members of Congress, • - ^. Dr. Franklin appointed Minister Plenipotentiary at the court of France % ^o ..MK^'St ^M- mm m iwiii i ii i iiwiii i ii i y mgi^ wiiiiiiiii m ITfiE BISTORT OF • .. ♦ y Ok' * cHAPrnsR vm. um^ X HJ^ampAign in the nor^ern iBtates haying ^produced, nothing advantageoiis to the British, ahd the winter being the proper season for southern ex- peditions, sir Henry Clinton concluded upon turning liip arms against Georgia. He might propose to himself the reduction of all the southern states, aniji hestronglyjnclined to it, by reason that these elates produced the most valuable articles of commerce for the Enropetiil market, and carried on a conHider- able export trade, which appeared no othierwiae a^ fected by the war, than its it suffered from the Brit- ish cruisers. The rice was devoted to the service of its enemies, while it was wanted for the sapport of the royal fleet and army in America. A plan of operations were concerted with General Prevost, who commanded in East-Florida -, and it was iiiteBd* I'l^'^UIP'flfPf ^ HM VORTH AMeftI0il[. IS/ tdj that Georgia should be invaded both on (he north and south sides at the same time. This expedition was committed to Colonel Camp- Mi, and the forces appointed to act under him, amounted to full twenty- five hundred, which sailed from Sandy-Hook, on the 27th of Ntrvember, being Inicorted by a small squmdron under Commodore Hyde Parker. The fleet arrived at the Isle of Tibee near the mouth of the Savannah, and on the 29th of December the troops effected a landing. They were no sooner landed, than they were led to at- tack the Fort, which the Britisli persisted in with so much spirit and rapidity, that the Americans retreat- ed with precipitation and disorder. No victory was ever more complete — thirty-eight oflRcers, and four liundred and 1i^^een non commissioned officers and privates, forty eight ])ieces of cannon^wenty -three mortars, the Fort with its ammunon, and stores, the shipping in the river, a large quantity of provi- sions, with the capital of Georgia, were all within the space of a few hours, in the possession of the British troops. The 50th of December w^ appointed as a d^y of thanksgiving, by order of Congress, The aOUfS Of O rra THE HldTORT Of the United States were at this period in a most distrf|»- ed, deplorable, and niinous condition. Idtenessi disti- pation, and extravagance, seemed to tiave engrossed the attention of the generality of the Ameriican bqq« I of fiberiy ; and self interest, speculatioBi and tm Insatiable thirst for riches appeared to have got the better of eveiy other consideration, and almost of every order of men. Plarty disputes and personal 4iuarre]8 were too much the general object, while (he momentous concerns of the empire, a vast accu- mulated debt, ruined finances, depreciated money, •nd want of credit, which naturally brings on. th« want of every thing, were but secondary consider;^- tions, and postponed by Congress from time to time, ms if their affairs were in the most flourishing situation. The paper currency in Philadelphia was daily sink- ing, and at length even so low as fifty per cent, yet an assembly, a concert, a dinner, or supper, which cost two or three hundred pounds, did not only take men off from acting, but even from thinking of what ought to have been nearest thei" hearts. Some of -the most disinterested and patriotic Americans felt 4iaore distress fropi this review of things, than they ■*> ■ ■ ■,? Iiad done at any other time, from the disappointments Imd losses in the course of the war. 9CMTH AMERICAt f^ ' 'In the mean time, Mons. Qerard, the Freneh am^t laasador, maoifested a desire, that the war might not ■be prolonged by too high and unreisonable demands^ %nd that the United States would reduce tlieir ulti- fnatum aa low as possible. He skongly recommend" ed moderation, as the fate of war was uncertain ; an4 he hinted, that a decisive naval engagement in favor of the British, might give a great turn to their affairs. The South'CaroHna delegates, rather with a view to cooqtiest, than from any special apprehension of danger to their own or neighboring states, from the troops under GeneralCKnton, requested the Congress "t^ appoint General Lincoln, on whose character they Justly reposed great confidence, to the command of 'all the fiMTes to the southward. Accordingly they madd the appointment on the 35th of September, and ordered him immediately to repair to Charles- ton. ^ On the 2d of March, the American officer of the day, at the post at 6ria^Creek, in Georgia, reported that reconnoitring parties of the enemy's horse an^ foot had been seen within their piquet the night pre- ceding. Gen. Ashe, who had crossed (he Sayamiab, y ■^rf:xmi/i^t)rfi^i!K^j^,.v;7:fr'f'i '',;» '"v .■.^-■.".i"'fl«;»rf«;:T^ l^ THE HISTORY OP Tvitb about 1200 troops, besides, 200 light horse, r<«^ turned on the evening of the same day to his camp. Ke made no preparations to impede the march of the British, and, soon after their appearance, he and .his troops fled with precipitatioDi without firing. a gun. In the isiondi of May, Sfr Henry Clinton dispatch- eil Sir George Collier and General Matthews, with about two thcMsand soldiers and £00 marines, t» • make a descent upc:a Virginia. Tbey sailed for Portsmouth in that pro vi ace, and upon their arrival landed their troops and took immediate possession of the town, which wa& defenceless. The remains of Norfolk, on the opposite side of the river, fell of course into (heir hands. On the approrch of the fieet and army, the Americans burnt some of their ^|| vessels, several however fell into the hands of the • JBrluch. The guards were pushed forward eighteen miles by eight to Suffolk, where they arrived by «^4y-Iight and proceeded to destroy a magazine of , provisions, together with the vessels and naval stores llfound there. A similar destruction was earned on at other places in %at quarter, nor wer*? the fri- gates and armed vessels less active or Eneeesafol m nto service. i I I IPiJIi," i'i|ll|i||iP^P^..'J<"l!PJil!i||!!^ on ^ NORTH AMERICA. ^t Witiun the fortnight that the fleet and army eon- tinuedi upon the coast, the loss of the Americans was prodigious. Above 130 vessels of all sorts, inchid^ ing some privateers, and ships of force, were destroy- ed or taken by them ; seventeen prizes were brought away, besides three thousaud hogsheads of tobaccoj; whicii fell into their possession at Portsmouth. Ex- cept the house of a widow and the church, they burnt every house in Suffolk, and all the principat ,koUses of gentlemen in their routo shared the same fate. On the 30th of May, these troops were joined to others going up the North river to attack the postsf of Stoney-Poiut, and Verplank, where the Americauff had begun to construct strong works, for keeping the lower communication open between the eastern and southern states — Gieueral Vaughan lauded with tlie greater part on the east side, while the remainder,, accompanied by Sir Henry Clinton, advanced furthet up, landed on the west side, and took possession of Stoney-Point without opposition. Directly oppo- site, the Americans had completely iiuished a stroi^ .,Fort, which was defended byrfour pieces of artillery, , and a garrison of about seventy men. But it was commanded by Sfoney Point ; to the summit o£ liiUiijfi ■ >^^i.te»~-'- w 102 THE HISTORY OF wliick cannon and mortars were dragged up during the night. By five in the morning, a battery was^y opened, which poured a storm of fire on the Fort^^ while Vaughan with his division made a long circuits by the sides of the hills, arrived and closely investedo it by land. The garrison, finding themselves totally overpowered, surrendered themselT^es prisoners ot war. By the loss of these posfs, the Jersey people were obliged to make a circuit of about ninety miles under the mountains, to communicate with ihestate», east of Hudson's river. ' After the French had taken Grenada,^ and d'Es^ iaing was lying with his fleet at Cape Francois, h^ received letters from Governor Rutledge, GeneraV Lincoln, the French Consul at Charleston, and others, urging him to visit the American coast, and propos* ing an attack upon Savannah. The General engage cd to join him with a thousal^d men certain, and promised that every exertion should be made to in>- erease the number. The application coincided with the king's instructions, to act in concert with the fbp* Cfs'of the United States, whenever an occasion pre^ senled itself: he sailed for the American contincnl., . wtthin a few days after it was rec€ive(^. '!>••• f I iy.pp|ijii!i|[|jij!!jyi ^f^m^m^^mmw^' NORTH AMERICA. H3 #n the 1st of September, count d^Estaing arrived with a fleet of twenty sail of the line, two of fifty gunsj and eleven frigates. The a[)pearance of the French fleet on the coasts of South-Carolina ahff Georgia was so unexpected by the British that the* Experiment man of war, of fifty guns, SirJamei^ Wallace commander, and three frigates were eaptur* ed. No sooner was it known at Charleston, that the* count was on the coast, than Lincoln marched with all iexpedition for Savannah, with the troops imder his command ; and orders were also given for the South-Carolina and Georgia militia to rendezvous K immediately near the same place. The British were equally dilligent in nreparing for their defence. The French and Americans after having spent some time in making regular approaches^ at last der t^ermined to take the place by storm. Accordingly the morning of the 9th of October was fixed for the attack, and neither the French nor the Americans hadi the least doubt of success. Two feints were made with the country militia,, and a real attack a little before day light on the- Spring-hill battery, T\ith 3500 French troops, 60ft continentals, and 3^0 of the Charleston militia hiad- •*^,' 1^% Tttfi HISTORY W ed by eoimt d^Estaiiig and General Lmcolii.— Tbey marched up to the lines with great boldness ; but a heavy and well-directed fire from the batteries, and ^ cross fire from the galties thi'ew the front of the eolumn into confusion. Two standards however^ one an American, were planted on the British re- doubts. Count Palaskl at the head of 200 horse- men, was mtail gallop, riding into town between the redoubts, with an intent of charging in the rear, when be received a mortal wound. A general retreat oC the assailants took place, after they had stood the enemy's fire fior fifty-five minutes. D'Estaing receiv- ed two slight wounds ; 637 of his troops, and 234 of the continentals were killed or wounded. Of the 350 CharIei:ton militia, wha were in the hottest of the fire, only six wer/; wound«sd, and a captain killed. Gen. Prevost and Major Moncrief deservedly acquir- ed great reputation by their successful defence. There were not ten guns niounted on the lines when , the enemy first appeared, and in a few days the number exceeded eighty. The garrison was be- tween two and three thousand, including 1 50 mili- tia. — The damage it sustained was trifling as the mcif fired under caver and few of the assailants fir«4 •taUU • ' . I j|i|f||i,j|iiii), ;()"■ "*»!?'«(s*);»t:^-w""f*',^ UU NORTH AMEKIC^i. m Let us now see what the northern army was 6&^ mg. In the middle of December, a part of GenerU Washington's army was without bread : and for ih^ rl^st be had not, either on the spot or within reach, a supply sufficient for four days. Both officers sni. men were almost perishing through want for a for^ night. The deficiency proceeded from the absolute iSmptines^ of the American magazines in every place^ and the total want of money and credit to replenbh them. So that the General was obhged to call upon the magistrates of the Jersey state, to express his 8it»> nation to them, and to declare in plain temis, that he und his army were reduced to the alternatjiye of di» banding or catering lor tKemgelves, unless the inhab* Jtants would afiford them aid. He allotted to each- county a certain proportion of flour or grain, and a 'certain number of cattle to be delivered on certain '^ys. — To the honor of the magistrates, and the good dispositions of the people, be it added, that 'these requisitions were punctually complied wit^, r and in many counties exceeded. But to return to the southern armies. On the 20th of March, 1780, Admiral Arl^uthuot, with ft small fleet crossed the bar, in front of rebellionjoai), and aochoredinFiTeFattiom hole. The Anerieiun '*'«.«;'-* mmm'm^'^mmmm^^ -f f i^ *^ OTB BISTORT dfer fleet retreated to Charleston, and the erewi and gufa Wall the vessels, except the Ranger, were put ok shore to rehiforce the batteries. Before the Ameri- cans had taken this step, they should have considers 'J kd, whether the ships were able to defend the ba^, and should have sent them of, when they found it iaij practicable. On the 12th of April,, the British opened their ba^ ieries against Charleston, and a constant fire was kept up between both parties until the 20tb. On tlie 18th of April, Sir Henry Clinton received a rein* ibrcement of three thousand men from New- York; and on the 72th of filay, Cteneral LTncoln, after hav- ing made the most vigorous disfence be was capablja •^ was ob%ed to capitij^ate. It was stipulated that l|ie contaental troops and sailors should remain prif- #lkers of war until exchanged, and be provided wit|i good and wholesome provisions, in such quantities as fiere served out to the British troops. The militia were to return home as prisoners on parole, which as long as they observed, was to secure them from be- ing molested in their property by the British troops. The oC^er^ of me army and navy were to keep their B9rQ^,|fistohi aad baggage, which last was not tp be ppmiil, .ii|]i.|R i,iiipii^i|||y JNlfJMf^mjWI be NeitTH AMEltlOA. I§7 #Mr*lied ; but their faocses were not to go out of ^wn, but might be disposed of by any person left for Ibe purpose. The garrison, at an hour appointed^ was to march out of the town to the ground betwees ib^ works of the place and the canal, where thef were to deposit their arms. The drums were not td beat a British march, nor the colors to be uncased* AU civil officers and citizens, who had borne arms, '«(uiing the siege, were to be prisoners on punole ; and 'With respect to their property in the city, they w^re -to have the same terms as the militia ; and all other persons in the town, not described in any article^ w^re/iotwithstanding to be prisoners upon parole. The capital having surrendered, the next object d the British was to secure the general submission oC tlie inhabitants. With this view they posted garri- 'i^ons in different parts of the coui^^, and marched a 'large body of troops over the Santee, towards the eK~ tremity of the state which borders on the most pop- ' ulous parts of North-Carolina. This occasioned the retreat of somci American parties, who had advanced into the upper part of South Carolina, in expectation ^f relieviog Charleston. Among tlmcorps which had come forward with that view, tliere^fts one consist*- I^g of about a(JD continentals, Che rear of (ho vl%iiira ifiw^^f-v^j rn!»^ TffJP^ T^Wy^ ^m'i..::.-,s..-^^i^^S^^8itton as only to kill seven wkI woand tweiTe of the British. Lord CornwaRis bestowed ami recomioended him in a special manner to royalfeiror and ^trooage. i *'The expected succours at length arrived from France, on the evening of the 10th ofJuiy, at Rhode- Inland. The Chevalier de Ternaycoifimanded the fleet, which consisted of two ships of eighty guns, one of 74) four of 6^, a bomb vessel, and 32 trans- ports. The land forces consisted of four old re^ ments besides thefe^on deLauzun, and abat(»lIioa of artillery, amounting to about 6000 men under the command of Lieut. Gen. Count de Rochambeau. About the time that Charleston surrendered, Sir R. Clinton received intelhgence that a large number of forces and a French fleet commanded by Mons. Ternay, might soon be expected on the American coast. This induced him to re-embark for New- York, leaving Lord Cornwaliis with about four thou- s^md men, which vfcre deemed fully sufficient for his purposes. On the 4th of September was signed the plan of a ^ treaty of commerce between the states of HdQtttid m '«<*■ ^t-m^ ' "" J70 THE HISTORY OP «nd the Uoited States of America. Mons. de Keufville, being properly authorised by the regen- cy of Amsterdam, engaged, that as long as America should not act contrary to the interest of the states of Holland, the city of Amsterdam would rrever adopt any measure that might tend to oppose the in- terests of America ; hut would on the contrary, use all its influence upon the states of the Seven United Provinces of Holland, to effect the desu'ed connexion. This business was conducted by Mr. Joim Adams on the part of America. " Lord Comwallis went on successfully in South- Car- olina. On tlie 16th of August he engaged the for- ces under General Gu s, and completely routed them after a long and obstinate contest.- General Gates was borne off the field by a torrent of dis- mayed militia. They constituted so great a part of his army, that when he saw them break and run with such precipitation, he lost every hope of victory ; and his only care was, if possible,^ jbo rally a suffi- cient number to cover the retreat of the other troops. Ue retired with General Caswell to Clermont, in ^ope of halting them in their late encampment ; but the further they fled, the more they dispersed, and ■^i!- . : . Ji^s. . -^.f^lJU^ — -i. .— J/.l -,-^'i»t^r-'^-y"f' NORM AMERICA. 171 the General! giving up all as lost, retired M^iUi a £e\f attendants to Charlotte. The Americans lost eiglit field pieces, the whole of their ardllery, with all their ammunition waggons, besides one hundred and fifty others, and a conuder- able quantity of military stores, and the greatwrjlatt of their baggage. The number slain cannot be precisely ascertained, no returns of the militia being, made after the action ; but it is supposed, that the Americans lost about seven hundred on this occa- sion. Though Cornwallis* victory was complete, yet from the account the British gave of the action^ it may be inferred, that it was dearly bought, up- wards of five hundred of their own troops being kill- ed or wounded. A minute representation ofthe retreat of the Amer- icans from Charlotte to SaHsbury, would be the imago of complicated wretchedness. Care, anxiety, paio, humiliation, dejection,' poverty, hurry, and confu- sion, promiscuously marked the shocking scene. Painful objects presented themselves to view, several men without an arm, some with but one, and many standing in need of the most kind and powerful assistance. |^#v, h .•1T2 '^^■^msT' THE HISTORY OP tij' NORTH AMERICA. H3 ion, tliat tlie Commissioners had allowetl mere than th« General had a right to expect or demand. This provoked him to outrageous expressions and proceedings. Disgusted at the treatment he had met with, embarrassed in his circumstances, and hav- ing a growing expensive family, he turned his thoughts towards bettering his circumstances by new mean?. In 1779, a correspondence commenced between General Arnold and Major Andre, Adjutant- General to the British army, a rising young officer of great hope and merit. For the speedy completion of the negociation that was carrying on between Major Andre and Gen- eral Arnold, the Vulture sloop of war was stationed in the North river, at such a distance from the AmeC' ican posts, as, without exciting suspicion, would ser^ e for the necessary communication. Before tliis, a written correspondence through other channels had been mzuntained between Arnold and Andre, at New- York, under the names of Gustavus and Anderson. On the 2]8tof September, the necessary arrange- ments being made, a boat was sent at night from the shore to the Vulture, to fetch Major Andre, which brought him to the beach without the posts of either P 2 2* ^ t '^ -<• jl|PWJWi!*||.J!pi^*W5l|||P!?|P?w;.'' .>174 THE HISTORY OF .^^ army, where he met Arcold. The Major continued with him during the day ibllowing, and at night, the boatman refuging to conduct him back to the Vul- ture, which had shifted her position, as she ley expoflh ed to the fire of a cannon sent to annoy her, be was obliged to concert his escape by land. He quilted bis uniform, which lie had hifherto worn under his surtout, for a common coat. He was furnished with a horse, and, under the name of John Anderson, with a passport from Arnold to go through the lines at White Plains, or lower if he thought proper, on ' public business. He pursue his jourpey alone towards York paj- sed all the guards and posts on the road without suu- pii'ion, and was much elated. The next day he travelled without any alarm, and began to consider himself out of danger ; but unhappily for him, three of the N. York miiilia were with others on a scouting jj^ party between the out poets of the two armies. One of them sprung from his covert and seized Andre's ^orse by the bridle. The Mujor instead of instantly producing his pn^s, asked the man where he belonged, \t}|o answered, " to below." Andre suspecting po diiccit, said " so do 1." Then declared himself a Brit- hh otficer, nnd:§ressed that he might not be detained, mmmm NORTH AlffiRICA. 115 (iX tk&t lie vrm upon urgiettt buainess. Upon ibe other two eomiiig up, and joining their couirode be discovered bis raisttake. The confusion that follow- ed was apparent, and they proceeded to search him tUl they found bk papera. He offered the captors a considerable purse of gold, and a very valuable watch, to let him pass ; but they nobly disdained the temptation, besides the facinatiug offers of permanent provision, and even of fi '..te promotion, on condi* tlon of tlieir conveying and accompanying hiBi (o New- York. They conducted him to Lieutenant- Colonel Jameson, the continental uSicev who had the command of the scouting parties, amounting to 800 men, chiefly militia. — Arnold's conduct with regard Co this body of men, and in other regpects, had excit- ed auch suspicions in the breast of the Lieutenant-Co- lonel, and the rest of the officers, that they had de- termined upon seizing the General at all eventf^jbail )ie come down and ordered them nearer the enemy .^^ Jameson, notwithstanding his strong jealousy of Ar-^ pold, was in the issue tiie means of his escaue. .^tll Major Andre, in order to give Arnold time toi»- cape, requested that a line migiit be sent to acqunint rhim of the det.t?ntion of Anderson, the name Andre liad ;iS«umed, which Jameson, through an ill Jndgeil • l-i^ PHP^WiWP ■•^T^'i^rrm-^ 176 THEfflSTORYOP delicacy, granted. The papers which were found la the Major's boots, were in Arnold's hand writing, and contained exact returns of the state of the force?, ordnance and defences at West-Point and its depen- dencies, with the artillery orders, critical remarks on the works, an estimate of the number of men that were ordinarily on duty to man them, and the copy of a state of matters tliat had been laid before a coun- cil of war by the Commander in-Chief. These pa- pers were enclosed in a packet to General Washing- ton, accompanied with a letter from the prisoner, avowipg himself to be Major Andre, Adjutant Gen< eral to the British army, relating the manner of his capture, and endeayoriog to show, that he did not come under the description of a Spy. — These pa- pers were forwarded by Jameson. No sooner had Arnold received the Major's let- ter, than he hastened on board the Vulture, which lay some miles below Sloney-Point ; he had not been long gone, when Washington arrived at his '|||uar(ers from the eastward. Had the plot succeed- ed, the consequences must have been ruinous to the Americans. The forces under Arnold's ccnmand mn^t have either laid down their arms, or have been cut to pieces, Tiieir loss, and the immediate «."v?^v,.|?i',M^ww-,i Ml,ipi«||U.|,i|pp|^pi ^ ^^^PP1P^*'''™''^P NORTH AummcA. in poggession of West-Point, and all its ne^hboring clependenciefl, must have exposed the remainder of AVafihington's nrmy to the joint exertion of the Bi'Uiflh forcesi by land and watcri and Dotliing but ruin could have been the result with respect tothe On the 29th of September, General Washington appointed a board of fourteen genera! officers, with the assistance of the Judge- Advocate General, to examine Major Andre's case, and to determine fa what light it ought to be considered. Andre, dis- daining all subterfuge and evasion, and studying only to place his character in so fair a light, as might prevent its being shaded by present circumstances, voluntarily confessed more than he was asked, and sought not to paliate any thing relating to himself, while he concealed, with (he most guarded andiiolti- pulous nicety, whatever might involve othei(9.,r- The board shewed him every possible mark of in- dulgence, and sufitciently witnessed how much they felt for his situation. However, public justice oblig4 ed them to declare, " That Major Andre ought to be considered as a Spy from the enemy ; and that a^eealde to the law and uMge of nations, it is their opimon, he ought to suffer deeth." s3^. % M'l) '. -it':..,,-» '.'",»(^;_i4K'.y,»! ■^ll^Wf?" 178 THE HYSTORY OF m Several letters passed between the Gener jtis Clla^ ton and Wasliington, relative to this unhapf^y affair; but nothing was capable of saving the unfortunate Major. On the 2d of October, the tragedy wa« jBlosed. The Major was superior to the terrors of death; but the disgraceful mode of dying, which the usage of war had annexed to his unhappy situation, was infinitely dreadful to him. He was desirous of being indulged with a professional death, and had accordingly written, the day before, a pathetic letter, fraught with all the feelings of a man of sentiment and honor, in which he requested of General Wash- ington, that he might not die on a gibbet. The Gen- eral consulted his officers on ibe subject. Pity and esteem wrought so powerfully, that they were alLfor shooting him, till Greene insisted on it, that his crime was tliat of a common Spy ; tliat the public good re- ^.iired his being hanged ; and that, were he shot, the generality would think there were favorable circum- stances entitleing him to notice and lenity. His ob- servations convinced them that there would be an impropriety in granting the Major*s request, while tenderness prevented its being divulged. When Major Andre was led out to the place of execution, as be went along he bowed himself ftunil- vien. # . -3 . lTLiw ■:^M''J:^V' ■■*^- ^xTP^nl^'- NORTH AMERICA. 179 iafly to all those with whom he had been acquainted in his confinement. A smile of complacency ex- pressed the serene fortitude of his mind. Upon see- ing the preparations at the fatal spot, he asked with emotion, " Must I die in this manner V* He was told it was unavoidable. He replied, " I am recon- ciled to my fate, but not to the mode." — Soon after, recollecting himself, he added, " It will be but a mo- mentary pang ;" and spriHging upon the cart, he per- formed the last oiTiccs to himself with a composure tliat excited the admiration, and melted the hearts of itll the spectators. Being told the final moment was at hand, and asked if he had any thing to say, he an- sw/ered, ** Nothing but to request you will witness to the world, that I die like a brave man." He died universally esteemed and regretted. Memorable Events Recorded in ikis Chapter. ti I The British operations against Georgia, A. D. 1778 The affairs of the United ^States in a deplorable condition, - - . do. Gen. Lincoln sent to So a(h Carolina, • do. (ien. A-she surprised and defeated, - - 1779 180 THE EISTOBY OP Sir Hemy Ctioton takes Stoney-point, - 177t Count d'EstauDg sails from the WeBt'Iiidies for the American coast, • » do. ^he Americans and French repulsed at Sa- Tannah, - - • • - do* Waslungton^s army in distress for want of bread, do. Charleston taken by the British forces, - do. Gen. Tarleton defeats Col. Buford, - 1780 A French fleet with troops arrive at Newport, do. TreiUy signed between Holland and America, do. ,£arl Cornwaliis deieats General Gates, • do. Major Andre taken and executed as a Spy, do. Qen. Arnold makes hb escape on board the , British sloop of war Vulture) - - ^. - m Jw .■•-1 I ■* goedB^ and subjects^ of the States General. * On the 1 2th of January, I7ffl, General Greene's '^frodps consisted of about eleven hundred. Tbe ''ftest day, Colonel Lee's partizan legion arrii ;d from the northward, xonsisting of Jtbout one hundred lorgemen, and one hundred and twenty infantry ; wd on the 18tb the legion was detached on a secret ,r0xpedition. They pushed on for Georgetov^ wWe they surprised several officers, and took them pria- .jOners. Major Irvln, and many more of the garrison ,.^ere l^illedj but th^ principaljMirt fled to tl|(|S|V)rt, which Lee was not in a condition, to besiege, wliile $ iybis enterprise was carrying on, the «i|emy aimed #* % ,|rfow at Mor|g^, who wa^ advised by Greene not to n. fibk too much. General Leslie, in compliance, with his orders lefV -yirginia, and arrived at Charleston, and joined lord Cprnwallis who wished to drive General Morgan ..«£» * 1«4 'fBE HISTOUT 69 fironihiB statloQ and to deter the IshabitaBtB frOttr joitdBg him. The enecution of this btuiness wm entnn^ to LieuteBant-Colonel Tarieton, who wa# detached witti about eleren hundred men for that purpose. On the 17th of January, Tarleton came up with Morgan, when an action commenced« which terminated in the almost total defeat of Tarietoii« ^Far^eton was vtrf much censnred for his conduct in this battle; which he was supposed to have lost by his liu officcrilke impetuosity. Lord Comwallis, with the expectations of regaining the prisoners, and^ demolishing Morgan's corps, instantly concluded oi» a pursuit, wliich Morgan was aware of, and took his measures accordingly* ■,m$m: On the 31st of January, Greene succeeded Mo|^ {^n lAiic command of the Southern army, when a' jkicd of inilitary race began between the pursuing British and the fleeing Americans ; but Greene got Off before Comwallis could overtake him. Lord Comwallis, being afterwards eonTineed lirom Greene's moyements, that he Intended to ven- ture an engagement, on the 1 4th of May sent off his baggage under a proper escort, and the aezt momlbg; . ' .J!^fea^rf«il^ia^iii.L-*^-t..^^Wiji**Xj'ji!i,^«fi ■^sw.ii-iifitieafa^-w^'^fcfe*"*!* m ^^■■^;»w>tin*Mj '•' NORTH AMERICA. M at daj-break, marched with the remainder of bia army, amouDtingto about twenty four hundred men, chiefly troops grown veteran in victory, elUier to meet Greene on the way, or attack him in his en^ Campment. '' The battle took place near Guilford Coort- House ; (ind after a hard struggle of near two hours, the Americans retreated in good order to the Reedy Fork, and crossed the river, about three miles from the field of action. Greene kist his artillery, and two ammunition waggons, the greatest part of the horses being kilted before the retreat began. ; In the month of February, reprisals having been ebmmenced against the Dutch, Rodney and Vangban^ received instructions from Great-BpiSin to direct < their views to the reduction of tha Dutch island of Bt Eustatla. The British fleet andf May qilpred. tlyere, and surrounded it with a great force^ Rodney ap^vVaughan sent a p^iremptory summons to the^ Governor, to surrender the ishmd and its depend^n- . cies witliin an hour, accompanied with a threat, that if any resistance was made, he must abide the con- sequences. Mons. de Praaff, totally ignorant of the m^lnr? between Great- Britain and BoIIaod^'eould Q2' •• ' ■# I "iu ^> .Oc* >^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O 1.0 ^1^ lil I.I 1.25 •s l£i lu 2.2 u U4 ^ It 1^ 111112.0 1.8 U ill 1.6 V] <^ /a m ^l '^ ^> /A W^''^/ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 2: .'KT MAIN 5V«ET V/e3STER,N.Y. 14'SSO (716) 872-4503 iV V ^^ \\ -c^N^ ^\ W^ ^^^ --^"^ %^.. # ^ ) C/j $ 6^ laa THE HISTORY OP ' scarcely believe tHe ofiBcer who detivered the suja- mons, to be serious. — l^e returned for answer, that being utterly incapable of making any defence, he must of necessity surrender, only recommending the ^ town and inhabitants to the clemency of the Britisli commanders. The wealth of the place excited the rstonis?iment of the conquerors ; the whole island seemed to be one great magazine. The store houses ^ wiere filled with various, commodities, and the very ^ beach was covered with hogsheads of sugar andand five smaller. The neighboring smali^ isles of St. Martin and Seba were reduced hat the same mmn^t\ '"^ Rodney being informed, that a fleet of about 3^ _ large ships, all richly laden, with sugar and othet West-India commodities, had sailed from Eustatia for llolland just before his arrival, under convoy of a iiag ship of sixty guns, he dispatched the Monarch, and Panther, witih the Sybel frigate in pursuit of them, These soon overtook the convoy, when th,e kat he :b& isk^ the ind iseSiS " cry' end. ibly 3y a s of [deiii ring Id \xk 36 >their tatia ■»?'. of iarch lit oF th,e KOR'FH AMERICA. l«t Hutch Admiral refusing to strike his colors^ and all remonstrances proving inefectual, a short engage^ ment took place, between his ship, the Mars and the Monarch. He died in defence of his sliip, when she instantly struck, and the whole convoy was taken. The keeping of Dutch colors flying at Eustatia^ rendered it for some time a decoy to French, Putch,^ and £\merican ressels, a considerable number of which fell accordingly into the hands of the conquer^ •rs without trouble. Preparations began to be made, on the 21st of June, for the army under General Washington Uh. take the field. The Americans marched towards White Plains, where they were joined by the French^ ^oops under Rochambeatu Sir George Rodney in eonsec^uenee of informal tion concerning \he French fleet under the Oonnt de»' Grasse, detached the Admirals Sir Samuel Hood and) Drake, with seventeen sail of the Kne, to cruise off Fort Royal for the purpose of intercepting him. Oir the 28th of April, some of sir Samuefs headmost ships returned hastily in sight, and with signate an* sounced the appearance of & superior fleet, and & oumeroos convoy, to the windward of Pomt SaUnea^ i^ •Mi'" ^ \ fstr THE HISTORY ©P The admiral made a signal for a general chase t^j, wind ward, and at night it was deteruiioed by the admirals to continue the line ahead, so that getting aa ^ much as possible to windward, they might close in with Fort Royal at day light, and cut olf the enem^ from the harbor. In the morning the French appeared, their con^ ▼oy keeping close in with the land, while Count de^ Grasse drew up his fleet in a Use of battle for their ^ protection. Admiral Hood used every manoeuvre t(K bring him to action ; but he being to windward, and^^ so having the choice, preff rrsd a long shot distance^ A partial engagement ensued. The van and 4^^ nearest ships in the centre of the British, were expos»-y ed to a long and heavy weight of fire, in their strug^i^ gles to close the 'reucb, and get to the windward ^^ luit suffered principally in their masts, hulls, and rigr ^ ging. The action lasted about three bours^ j^lieiin Admiral Hood perceiving, that not one shot in fen reached the French, and that his attempts to gain the; wind were fruitless, ceased firing and the Britis]^ ^9^k^ bore away for Antigua. ,. Let us now return to the transactions under Lord^ Corawallis. One great object of Uie British force > ^M^^iM^Mi^^'li^.tiSmii^ 'r^:.:r'-spsrS!^'g^(*T"T^^^^^^ f^mij&^a-LM. - - "f^'t^^ik wm. wmm NORTH AMERKTA. 199 was the establishment of a strong post and pUee of arms, and such as might render them perfectly maif- ters of Chesapeake Bay, and therefore they repaired to York-Town and Gloucester. The American and French armies continued their: march from the northward, till they arrived at the head of Elk ; and within an hour after, they received im express from Count de Grasse, with the joyful account of bis arrival and situatfon. By the 15th of September, all the troops were arrived and landed at Wiiiiamsburgh, and preparations were immediate- ly made with all possible«dispatch for putting the army in a situation to move down towards Yorji:- Town. ' On the 50th of September, lord Cornwallis wa» closely invested in York-Town. The trenches were opened by the combined armies on the 6th ot October, at sixty yards distance from Cornwallis* works. On the 9th they opened their batteries, and continued firing all night, without intermission. — The next morning the French opened their batteries en the left, and a tremendous roar of cannon and mortars was coutinued for six or eight hvma, without ceasiikg. 'SiPPPiiiPipiiPfP wpiiiJM iiijypm 1 td§ IPHE HISfORT OF- ' The French and Americans cODtiuiied to eKitf ^M ttic siege with great sueeest. ^ On the 16th their several batteries were covered Y^ith near one hundred pieces of heavy ordnance ; While th« British works weraeo destroyed that thtey ^uld BOftre^ly show a single gnn. Thus was lord Cornwallis reduced to the necessity of preparing for k lurreuder, or of attempting an escape. He detei** toiiied u[)on the latter. BbttU were prepared under different pretences, for the reception of the troops by ten o'clock at night, in oinler to pass them over ta d^Ioucester- Point. The .arrangements were made with the utmost secrecy. The intention was to abandon the baggage, and to leave a diBtachmeiif behind to capitulate for the town's people^ and foi tlie sick and wounded, bis lordsbip having already prepared a letter on the subject, to be delivered i» Creneral Washisigton, after his departure. The first embarkation had arrived at Gloucester- Pointy, anc( the greater part 'of the troops were already landed^ when tbe weather, which was before moderate and ealm^ instantly changed into a most violent atorm of wind and raiai The boats with the remaining Iroopt were all driven down the river, and the design of p?!ssing over was not only entirely frustrated, but the '■ij^mMmi. ^ibgsnce of the boats rendered it impossible to bring back the troops from Gloucest^r.-rTbiis weakenecl and divided, the army was in no small danger.--* HoweTer, the boats returned, and the troops were brought back in the course of the forenoon, with rer]^ little loss, ^ . Things were now hastening to a period, which could be no longer protracted ; for the British works were sinking und^r the weight of the French and American artillery. AH hopes of relief froiu New- York were over, and the strength and spirits of the royal army were broken down and exhausted by their constant and unremitting fatigoe. — Mattcnr being in this situation, on the 17th of October, lord ^^rnwaUis sent out a flag with a letter to Generai ^Washington, requesting a cessation of arms, fof ^enty-four hours, and that commissioners might be' appointed for digesting the terms of capitulation.' Commissioners were accordingly appointed ; and on the side of the allies, were Viscount de Noailles, and Lieutenant- Colonel Laurens, whose father was in close confinement in the Tower of London, while the son was drawing up articles, by which an English nobleman and a British army became pri- aohers. tass* ip OSRE filBTORT OF On (he 19th of October, the posts of York-Towfl find Gloucester were sarrendered. The honor of viarching out with colors flying, which had been de- Mied to General Lincoln, was now refused to lord Comwallis, and Lincoln was appointed to receive the submission of the royal army at York-Town, precisely in the same way his own had been con- ducted about eighteen months before. The troops that surrendered prisoners exceeded seven thour sand ; but so great was the number of sick ani3 wounded, that there were only three" thousand and eight hundred capable of doing duty. The officers and soldiers x^tained their baggage and effects. Fifteen hundred seamen shared the same fate as the garrison. The Guadaloupe Frigate of 44 guns, and a number of transports, were surrendered to the con- querors. — ^About twenty transports had been sunk or burnt during the siege. The land forces became prisoners to i.he Americans ; but the seamen and Sfhips were assigned to the French Admiral. The Americans obtained a fine train of artillery, con- sisting of seventy- five pieces of brass ordnance,, and suty-nine iron cannon, howitzers, and mortars. On the 244h of October, a fleet destined for the re- fi^o"loMl Comwallis arrived off the Chesapeake; ■k '-*■ * m wmssm NORTH AMERICA. 1»3 %ut on receiving the news of his surrender, they re- lurned to Nf York. The fleet consisted of twenty^ five ships of the line, two fifties, and eight frigates. — When they appeared off the Chesapeake, the French;" nude no manner of movement, though they had 36 ships of the line, being perhaps satisfied ^ with their present success. Every argument and persuasion, was used with tlte Count de Grasse to induce him to aid the combined army in an operation against ' Cli&fleston; but the advanced reason, the orders of his court, ^nd his own engagements to ^:yi IPiiiiiniiPiPiipmiii^^ 19C THE HISTORY OP and efiectaal resistance with which thej supported all the efforts of the enemy's superiority, was to the highuJt degree glorious. — At length the leading ships of the centre were enabled to eome up to their as- ' 'distance. These were soon followed by Sir George Rodney in the Formidable, with his seconds the Namur and the Duke, all of ninety guns ; they made and supported a most trenoendous fire. De Grasse now changed the nature of the action, and kept at Euch a distance during the remainder of the engage- ment, as might prevent any thing decisive happen- ing.— rThe rest of the English fleet coming up, de Grasse withdrew his ships from the action, and evad- ed all the efforts of the English commanders fof its renewal. Two of the French ships, were so dai»»> aged that they were obliged to quit the fleet, and put into Guadaloupe. On the side of the Elnglish the Royal Oak and the Montague suffered extremely , but they were capable of being repaired at sea, so as BOt to be under the necessity of quitting the fleet. On the 11th the French fleet weathered Guada- loupe, and gained such a distance, that ^e body of their fleet could only be descried from the mast-heads of the British centre, and all hopes ef Sir George Rodney's coming up with them seemed to be at «»» iS'-/'t*'.a--. NORTH AMERICA. 19ir end. In this critical situation, one of the Frendr ships, which hhd suffered in the action, was perceiv- ed about noon, to fall off considerably from the rest of the fieet to leeward. This produced signals from the English admiral for a general chase, which was 80 vigorous that the Agamemnon, and some others of the headmost of the English line, were coming up so fast with this ship that she would assuredly have been cut off before evening had not her signals and inmiinent danger induced de Grasse to bear down with his whole fleet to her assistance. This move- ,, ment put it out of the power of the French to avoid , fighting. The pursuing English fell back into their ^{ation, and a close line was formed. The French also' prepared ipr battle with the greatest resolution, anci^ . the night passed in '^'' About seven o'clock in the morning, of the I2i\t ' ^ of April, the battle commenced, and was continued? with unremitting fury until near the same hour in the evening. As the English came up, they ranged slowly along the French line, and ck>se under the« lee. Being so near every shot took effect, and the FreMii ships being so full of men, the carnage ia«. ^> them was prodigious. The Formidable^ Admiral Rodney's ship, fired near eighty broadsides, and il tiam QP both sides. b4I «w THE HISTORY OP raty be supposed the rest were not idle. The French •tood and returned tbie dreadful fire with the ut- most firmness, each side fighting, as if the honor amV fiite of their country were that day to be diecided. Sir George Rodney in the Formidable, with his seconds the Namur and the Duke, and immediate- ly supported by tlie Canada, between twelve add one o'clock, hove directly and with full sail athwart the French line and successfully broke ^ro\ ^boiit three ships short of the centre, where Count du Grasse commanded in the Ville de Paris of 1 10 guns. Being followed and supported by the remainder of his division, and wearing round close about the en-* «my, he eflFectually separated their line. This bold adventure proved decisive. The battle lasted t^J sunset, for the French fought with the greatest bra? ¥€ry.. ^ ' The British fleet having now gained the wind of ttie French, their general confireion was completed. Hood's division bad been long becalmed and kept out of action ; but his head ships and part of his cen- tre, as far at least as the Barfieur, which he himself - «ommanded, came up at this juncture, and contribut- ed, tp render the victory more decisive. The Ceesari^ JftSji'*. NORTH AMERICA. 201 Crforieux, anil Hector, sood struck their colors^ but Bot till after they had* made the most noble dc^ i^Dce. Count de Grasste was nobfy supported even aft^r' the line was broken ;< and the Diadem, a 74, went down by a single broadside, in a general exertion to ' sate him. The YiHe de Paris was almost reduced to a wreck, but d^ Qrasae still held out. At length ' Hood in the Barfleur apj^acbed hira just at sunset,, and poured in a noost destructiTe fire. The Villa de Paris supported all these shocks for a quarter ef an hour after, when she struck to Sir Samuel Hoo^. It was said, that at the time she struck, there were but three men left alire and unhurt on the upper deck, and that the Count was one of them. The Cassar was unfortunately set on fire, and blew up in the night of the action. A lieutenant and fift|^ English seamen perished, with about four hun* ^^d prisoners. The nimiber of the French slain in this en^gement, and that of the 9th, was computed at three thousand, and near double that number <;frouDded. The small superiority of British ships, in point of numbers, contributed nothing to the success •f the day, as more of Hood's diTision than that dBI- jHi2 THJE HISTORY OP ference amounted' tOf were preyented coming into- action^ through the want of wind. 'She whole los» of the English, in killed and wounded in the two actions, was stated only at one thousand and fifty, of which tvro hundred and fifty- three were lulled (^n the spot. ^ In t))9 ViRe ^e Parl» were found thlrty-six ohesta of money, destined to pay die suheistence of the troops in the designed' attack on Jamaica, ^r Samue^ Hood being sent In pursuit of the scattered enen^, en the 19th he came up and took the Jason and^ -Canton, of Sixty-Four guns each, and two FrigatesJ Thus the French lost eight ships of the line : six- were in possession of the English^ one had been sunk, and the Cassar blew up after her capture.--^ 'She English haying joined off* Cape Tiberoon, and the French having no force to the windward, Sir George Rodney proceeded- with the disabled ships «nd prises to Jamaica, as well for their repair, as the ■f^realer security of the Island, should the combined 'fleet still venture upon the prosecution of their form- er design. 6ir Samuel Hood was left with about twenty-fire ships of the line, to keep the sea, and wati^h the motions of the enenr^. NORTH MIEWCA. 363 ^t 118 now return to North America, wkere aU parties seemed to be heartHy ti^ed of the war. On theSthofM^y, Sir Guy Carleton arrived at New- Yoik, And on the 7th he wrote to General Washmg- tdn, and sent him some public papers, that his Ex^ ecllency might learn from them, the disposition that prevailed in the government and people of Great- Britain, relative to the uutiuog of a peace with America., The Brit^h administration having resolved upon abandoning all offensive operations in America, the scheme of evacuating all the weakest posts in the United States was adopted. Accordingly, on the 11th of July, Savannah was evacuated, and the Americans immediately took possession of it, tha' wo|*ks and town being left perfect. On the 14th of December, General t^eslie, who commanded at Charleston, completed the embarka- iion of his troops md quitted that town. GenersA Wayne with the legion and light infantry, had been before their works for several days, by order of General Greene. It was hinted to him from General XesEe, through a certain medium, that if they were i.^ m I m... yf^iappwppw" 204 THE HISTOOT OP '#. permitted to embark without interruption, every care sbould be taken for the preservation of the town. Wayne was directed to accede, to the propo- sal, the British also agreeing not to fire on the town; after getting on board. The conditions being fuHf understood by iioth parties, Charleston was evacuated and possessed without the least confusion, Mie Amen-^ can advance following close on Qie British rear.«> ,, The €k>vemor was conducted into his capital the , same day ; th*^ civil police established , the day fol- lowing, and on the third, the town was l^ened for business. On the 17th (he British crossed the bar, and went lo sea. y Every thing now seemed to announce tt}p aa-. proach of peace. The American Commi^sion^j;^ ^ Texpedited the negociation with tbie utmost assidiMti-^^ -and on the 30th of November, provisional articles were agreed upon and signed, to take effect wheih -ever terms of peace should be finally settled with the court of France. The business was finished so privately and unexpectedly that the ministers i^ni|,. ambassadors, as well as others in and about tibfi court or Versailles, were surprised upon hearing the .:3'-j^.' '?>. NOftTH AM£klCA> Mt ciaust not here avoid inentionhig an unrorto^ nate event, which happened at the close of the still more unfortunate American war. Ten men of war^ ^eluding Covnt de ixraase^s ships, with a large fleet of merchantmen from Jamaica, suffered exceedingly. hy a tremendous gale of wind off Newfoundland, on the nth of September. Hie Ville de Paris and the Glorieux foundered, and only one man of the com^. plementof both ships escaped to tell the melancholy tale. — ^Tbe Hector also sunk i but being descriet) in time by a snow that made towards them, the crew was saved. — ^Tlie Ramilies went down, but hi^r peo- ple were sav^d by the merchantmen in company.. The Centaur was likewise lost, and all her company except twelve, with Uie captain, who got into the ol^ . ly remainiBg boat. They traversed a space of near eight hundred miles on the Atlantic ocean, wllhoAt compass or quadrant, and with a blanket for a sail. They had only two biscuitB divided among them every twenty- four hours ; and as much water during that space to every man as the neck of a wine bottle broken off would hold. At the expiration of sixteen days when the last division of biscuit and water bad been made, to their inexpressible joy, they discover- ed the Portuguese Island of Faj^al, where tliey safely S IPP mm» uiiiijjiiiipiiiiiiippii ^ ) m tec THJe HISTORY OP «rri?ecl at ni^ht, and received every assistance theijr melEDchoIy eitoation demanded. <.««i On the Sd of September, 1783, the definitive trea- ties between Great^'Britain, France, and Spain, were iligned at Versailles, by the respective plenipotenliih ries authorised for that purpose. On the same day, the definitive treaty with Great-Britain and the Unit- ed States of America was illso signed at Paris, by David Hartley, Esq. "the British plenipotentiary, and John Adams, Benjamin Frankfin, and ^ybn Jay, the plenipotentiaries of the said states. ,By the articles of this treaty, bis Britannic ma- jesty acknowledge the Independence of (he Thirteen XTnited States of America, to wit. New- Hampshire, Massachusetts, RhodeJsland, Contiecticut, New York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir- H^inia^ North-Carolina, Sonth-Oarolina, and Georgia. He also relinquished all claims to the Government of, tbe said States, and consented to treat ,with them as a free and Independent iieople. Their boundaries were also settled, and they were allowed the liberty of fishing and drying fish as naaLoa the bajEJt&pf Kewfoundtand. R! * ^> ■^**''**«'t1P"*^W^V^7^ NORTH AMERICA. 2«b- JXhe parfttcatan of die treaty between Great Bri<> tain, France, and Spam, wiH be found in our history of England, to which it more properly belong^. Thus ended the unhappy American war, which idded to the national debt of the mother country; one hundred and twenty million pounds sterling, be*' aides the loss of many thousands of our officers, sol- diers and seamen, to the disgrace and infamy of Ihose ministers, who adyised and carried it on, con- ^ry to the general voice of the people of Great- Britain f , ?'*i}<: Memorabte Events Recorded in ihis Chaptet; '■^i Afr. Laurens discharged from-hiseopfinement iti the Tower of LondoHj - - A. D. 1781 The fleets of Sir George Rodney and Count de Grasse meet in the West Indies, A. D. 1782 They engage, and Count de Grasse is defeat- ed and taken, - - - - - d«. JiUiTaimab eTacuated by the British forties, 4o. ■iV'p ^^w^ $19% 'mB nisTOKf or, k». And afknrardft Charlettooa In Souih-Caro" Una, - •-.;.- li^ ProTiskmal artfclev of peaee sSgtied betv^eert the Bi'i'.Uh and Atnerican commlMiofierti ^. The definitire treaties betwetn Great Bii> tain, France, lEIpain, and America tign- w • 4. * .JVi-?^-^' ■;?rw»?; fvAii^. r- •^f?t . . ) APPENDIX CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES. WEy The People tf the United StiUes, in order to firm a more perfect Unions establish Juaticef insure Donies^ tic TranquiUtyfpromdefirdhexommon DefincCfpro^ mote the general welfare, and seeurC' the Blessings ef Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, DO Or^ dain and BstahHsh this (^NSTITUTION fir the UNITED STATES^ OF^JiMERWd. ARTICLE I; Section 1. ilLLL^legislatiTe powers herein grants ed shall be vested in a Congref s of the United Stalesf. ^ich shall consist of a Benate and House of Repi'Cfc- saDtatives* »2- 'i\9 CONBTITUneN OF SeciioH 2. The House of RepresentatiTes sfialTt be compoeed of members cboseii e^ery second: year by the people of the several' states ; and tb«>r elector^ in each state shall have the qualifications^, requisite for electors oC the moat Aumeraus braucli of the state legislature. . , ^ ■ ^k No person shall be a ReprestotatiTe who shall not haye attained t» the age of twenty- five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of tha^ state in whfeh he shall be clKMen. :r« ReyreseBtatkeff) and direct taxes>,sbaU be appor- tioned among, the secveral sOates which may be iuclud*Cj* ed within this umon, according to their cespeciivet' ^ numbers, which sbaB be deternlitted by adding to^ the whole number of tote persons^ inolndiog thpse^^ bound to service for a term of years, and excluc^iiig^^ Indians not taxed, three fifths of alloiher persons.^^ . The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years^ in such manner as they shaU by law direct. The number Off Repriesentatlves shall not exceed one fisi" every tMrty tiacssiid, bn! tach state gliall have ■.. ;,!<■■ Tr»7^^; THE UNITED BTATEST. tn •tlelKf ont RqiresentattT* ; and antil such #DB»e(^ iitiMi shaK be made, the itale of New Hampsbir* ttmh be eotMed to choose three ; Massachiwettf^ eight; iUMde-bland and fhiyidence Plantatloo^ •Be f ConneeliGttt) ftyv; New^Yoilc, six ; NewJer* tej, four; Pennsylvanlay eighty Delaware, one; Maryland, six ; Vir^nif^ ten; North- Carolina, fi?«f Sottth-Carolina, five; and Cteorgia, three. When vaGaneiei) happen' in the representation froii*« •ny state, the executWe- authority thereof shall issiM writs of election. to fill such vactuicies* The House of RiBpresenffttires shall chodse 'ttieff' speaker and othnr ofiloefs^ and sbaii have the sole- power of impeachment;. Sedum 3. The Senate of the United States shall- be composedof two disnators from each state, chosen* by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and eachi Sen&tor shall have one rote. Immediately al%er they shall be assembled, in eoil'>^ sequence of the first election, they shall be dirided- as equally aa may be into three classes. The seak^ ef the Senators^ o( the first class shall ^ vacated at. the expiratioa of the second year,, of the second c!ms< at die expiraiioB of the fourth year^ and of tbe thkdi •'»"i imm:> w mmmm liipiiilililiiiiPWilllPPnPlliPNi^ "mpw iiU fONSTITUTION OF •Uutt at Che expiration of the sixth year, to that one third may be chosen every second ysar : and if vacancies liappen by resignation, or otherwise, du- ring the i^cess of the lc>gislatiire of any state, the executiye thereof may make temporary appointmentii until the next meting of the tegislatare, which shall then fill such racanciea. No person shall be a Senator who shall not haye attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shaQ 'not, when eleisied, be mt inhabitant of tiiat state for ^whieh he shfdi be chosen;. The Vice-President of the United Str.tes shaBh be President of the Senate, but shall have no rote unless they be equally divided. ,; The Senate shall' ehoose their other officers and jalso a president pra. tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when be shall exercise the office . of President of the United Statea. The Senate shall have the sole power to t?y all im* peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmationi When the President •f the Uaited States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside : And no person shall be convicted without iito €«leiRT«iice of imo ihhAB mi Ibe nrtmbeft . Judgment in eaaei of impeachmmit^ tball not elt- IKfttdlbfCiMrthtikto rwMmA from o0lot, aad dit- fpHdidiBfttioB to botd anil mjasf anf ol&ce of bomNV tfUit, or pioflt^ ander the UnlM £tt«ti»i ^but tiiit mf^r fy convicted shaU neyertheloM be liable and subject tj;>< indictment, tiial^ jpdgpient,. and punisbment ac*- Qording to lair. -^ Beciion 4^ Tbe times, placeB,nnd manner, of boldly isg electione tbr Senatois and Repre^enta^Tcs, sbatt. be pseBcnbedin.efteb state bf the LegiilatiRe fbereof ^ but tbe Googv!e9» may at any time by \im nakt 0». alter such regulations, except as to the pk«cs 9C ehoosing Sev^atorft, Tbe Congress shall assemble at least once in every 3ref^) and such meeting sbail be on the first Mondajr in Decembc Tjr afdesa they shall by Imv appoint a difr lerent day. SkdCm Hf. ¥^mh Hitniee ehall be tbe jodge ct tbm eitctioffs, DeUmmy and ifnalifieafioos of ttn own menv' ben, and> n majority o£ each shall conttttnle a qui"* tea to do bvainen ; but a smaller nmnber may ad-^ )rani),&oH»day^tedft|'> aiidm«^ b# ambeiisedt^ 1 PPiPiiipPilPiWlliPIPiPW^ •»♦ CONSTITirnON OF ■^?r •ompel the atteadtnce of abftent members, i» tu^ manner, and mider tach penaities as each Hooil may provide. , ^ Each House may determine the rules of its pr#> bleedings, punish its members for disorderly bebar- iour, aiid with the cooourrenee of tffp t^)^ei|iel|i member. ^a Each House Shan keeji a-jonmal of its proceed^* «2ig8, and from time to time, publish the same, ei^ o^pting such parts as may in their judgment require eeereey : and the yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any question, shaH, at the desire s^ one Mih of tboi^ preistenty^bo entered opthf 'Journal. - ».,,. ' Neither House, during the session of Congresi, riiall, nvithout the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor ta^ any other place thao: tiiat in which the two Houses* shall be sitting. Section 6r. The Senators and Representatires shall neceiTC a compensatfon for their services, to be as- eertaioed by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States , They shall in all case^, except trea;' mn, felony^ and breach of the peace, be priviledged* llK>m:iurreR during their attendance at the BessioiiDf m^m^, "VliPiipp«miPiiiliiPi| TJ!B WNITBD STAWS. tlM fiKir fttpective Houses, and in going to or returning from the ^nme ; and for any speech or debate ia either House, they shall not be questioned in aiyr 4tberfi]ace. ^"^ No Senator or Representalire shall, during the iteifne for which he was elected, be appointed to anf oiril office ^nder the authority of the United State*, which shall have been created, or the emolumente whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of eftheir House durii^ his continuance in office. '* ' Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall origt»* ate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as oa other bills. Every bill which shall hate passed the House ci Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it ht^ come a law, be presented to the Pre'^^^dent of the .United States — if be approve he shall sign it, but if ^ot he shall return it, with his ofa^ctions, to that fixMiseiin which it shall have originated, who JshaU eijK f:re6ented to Uie President of 4he United States ^ and before -^e same tshall take idfect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapprov-^ 'ed by him, shall be Te-)rassed by two thirds of the •"Senate and House of Represestatives, according to the ndcs and UmitaUow preficribed in the Mtso of «^ « ' TUB UNIl^D STATES. m \ of a Sedim 8. The Congress shall have power. To lay fuid collect taxes, duties, imposts, attd ex* • cises ; to pay the debts, and provide for ,th& com* mon : defence and general welfare of the Uaitedt Btat«s ; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall^ be uniforin throngihout the. United States : ' To borrow money on the credit of the Uhited States: * .^^"^o regulate commerce with foreign nations, and ^ i^ng the several states, and ^ith the Indian tribes : To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcife through- out the United States : , ' To coin money^ regulate the value thereof, and ' of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and iheasures : . < ■ ■ - * ■ Wo provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post offices and post roads ; ■>•.'■■ ■ • '' To promote the progress of science and tiseful arts, by securing for limited times to.authors and in« ventcirs the exclusive right to their respective wriW * ings and discoveries : ^ T '^^oiMick^ m^^^"^^^ .- To coDBtUttte tribuBHilB u»feniQ]r to th?, Buptfisie €ionrt: * ' To define and piuilB|» piraeies and felonies com- nitted on the high seas, and offences agunst tlie law of nations: To declare war, grant letters of marque and repri- se, and make rules conceriiung captures on land and water : "^ * / To raise and support armies, but no appropria^ Hon of money to that use shall be for a longer term t|i§i| two yefus : * To provide and maintain a navy : To make rules for the government and regula« tlon of the land and naval forces : ' To provide for calling forth the militia to execute ifae4aws of the union/ suppress insurrection, and re- pel invasions : To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplin- ing the miKtia^ and for governing such part of them fB maybe employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectivfily, the ap- ,^)intin^t of ^e p^^is, and the authority oftr9in^ 4- * - ^InS (be milUift iccord^^ to the cliicipliM pt«scribeA ky Cofigrftn : ' To exeretie exc1ust?e'l^lati(m fn'all cases wImlC- iM>eter, over ifttch dtstri<^ (Hdt exeeediiig ten miles square) as may, by cesston of particular stated, arid the acceptance of Congress become the seat of tbe . jQoyernmeiit of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the coli- sent of the legislature of the state in which the samo shall be, for the erection of forts, mag^izines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings : . - , \ And, to make all laws Which shall be neeeasaiy and proper for carrying into execution the fot^egoiag powers, and all other powers vested by (Ids constitu- tion in the government of the United l^tes, or in any department or officer thereof, Action 9. The migration or importation of 'suth< persons as any of the states now existing shali think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 1^ the Con- gress prior to the year one thousand eigjht > hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on sui^h importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each per- son. f •.- m "sm-.' M w sao cwsTiTtrTioN cap The privilege of the writ oi habeas eorpw shall not be suspended, unless when, hi cases of rebelHon or iuvasion, ik^ public safety may require it. No bill of attainder, or ex jioj^^/acifo law, shall be pasJt'd. Na capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or enumeratioa i^rein before directed to be takeo. ' No tax or duty shaH be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to, or froipa, one state, be obliged to enter, tle^f W pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury^, biit Pi consequence of appropriations made by law ; — !>ftQd a regular statement and account of receipts and Expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no person holding any office of prdfif ^r trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolpmeiit, offl<^e, T&fe UNlHSD STAtlSs. ^tti or tiUe of any kind tvlultetet, from any king, prince, or foreigfi state. ^ Section lO. I^p state shall etiter into my tretttj, iJHKii^e, or confederation , gratit letters of marque aiid reprisal ; coin inonejr ; emit bills of credit ; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in ^aj^i^ent of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post fado law, or law Impairing the obligatioii oif ' coin* tracts, or grant any title of ndbillty. : ' No stat6 shAll^ without the feonmnt of \ke Congftessf, lay any impostir or duties on iiojbrfo or ejtpbirts, ex- cept what may be absolutely n^c^ssary for executing sits inspection laws, and the hett produce 6f all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, Shan be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all 8|^ Jaws shall J^e,j||ibjeet to th« revision and controul of the Coi^ess. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in iime of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign, power, or et«gage in wur^ unless actually invaded, or . in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ■;f , 222/ CONSTITUTION OP ARTICIJB II. Sec/ton 1. The Executive power shall be vested iki a President of the United States of America. He Qhall hold his office during the term of fonr years, «nd/together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding »a offiee of trustor profit, under the United States^ shall be appointed an Elector. The Electors shall meet in their respective statea| and vote hy ballot for two personsj-of whom onel&t least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. Aiid they shall tnake a list of all the persons voted for and of (he number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United^tates, directed to the President x){ the Se- nate : the President of the Senate shall^ in the pre- sence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the ^ertifieates; aad the voies shall then be j^iW PJ_JPPI»IIII"«'/- THE UNITED STATES. mU counted. The ptrson baring the^greatest number ofToteeehaU be the Pretident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electprs appointed^ and if there be more than one who haye such major^- tjr« and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives sbatt immediately choose by baHot one of them fqr President ; and if no pe«« son have a majority, then from the five highest on the list, the said House shall in like manner choose ^the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by states, the representation IVom each state having one vote ^ sT quorum for this purpose shall. consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every cate, after the choice of the President, the person haying the greatest^ number of votes of the electors, shall be the Vice-President. — ^But if there shall remain Jtwo or more who have iequal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice- President. [See amendments.] The Congfess may determine the time of ehoos- ing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same through* out the United States. ipipiiii PHI 911 ^mfftfmfm «y ' No i^efBOtt, *tCept k Mfural bom cKiascn, or a ciV xtti of thfe United Btatea, at thte tttne of tlie adoij. tio»of tWa CoiwtitBtloiij .Ml be eligibte to the Offle^ of President; ndffifif i*ifi 1%* j^crson be eligible 'to that olBce who ftbkll not hwre attalH^d ia ih# ifee of thirty-fi?e years, an^ be«to fourtoeu yoaw, « tesi- dettt wiftfn the UDketf Strttes. *' : fvi - In case of fhe removal of tlie President troixiot fice, or of his death, resignation, or rfi^lbiiity' to di5^ charge the powers and duties of the SAid olfic6, !B'e same shall devolTe on the Vice-Presidetif, and the Congress may by law provide for Che case of reittov- al, death, resignation, or inability, both of the' Pre&f* dent and Vice-President, declaring what officer sh'atl then act as President, and such o^cer sliall act ac- cordingly, until the disability be remoyed. Of a PrcS"- ident shall be elected. The President shall^ at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been ejected, and he shall not receivfe witbin that period any other etnoUiment froin the United States, o? any of Uiem *-v^*i... ppl.lil II ■ I .ll'tllliilpiipppl'i, ' ."lll'l 1"' THE U??npBO STATUS. «2S Befbre he tiiiter on the executioo of hU ottice, he ehi^l take the foUowuig oath| or affirmatiop. <* I do soicmnly Rwear (or affirm) that I niU (kith- ^' fuHjr execute the ofllce of President of the United ** States, and will, to the best of my ability, preseryey *^ protect, and defend the Gonstitation of the Unite4 « States." ^ SeeiUm. 2. The President shall be Comma5lder•il^ Chief of the army and navy of ttie United States^ atid of thekmilitia of the seyeral states, when called io^'the actual service of the United Btate& ; he may requre the opinion, in vmttng, of the principal o^l^r 'to. each of the executive departments, upon any sub- ject relating to the duties of their respective pfficeSi and he shall have power to grant reprie^^ and psf- dons for offences against the United States, except in eases of impeachment. ^ Be shall have power, by and. with the advice and consent -of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and cob:^ sei^ of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the suia-eme co«^ and all other officers of the United States, r IM m: *1 1/ : J^OmTITCfTIQN OP , 4 wbpf«]l^jK3»lDtineniti are not herein otherwise '{iro- vided fof^ iSMl li^iiclt iMl Iw MtaPlfthed 1^ l«v^. But the CongreM mty bj law veit the eppofaitment ofBUohiiircTsor officen as they think proper in the President alone, in the oourts of law, or ib the headi of departments. The President shall haye power to fill up aRnltOiuiii- cies that may happen daring th? recess of the ^en- a^^hy grantiiig ^soramissions whica .^hafi taqjiure it the end of their next sessioB. ~:'^Bitiim Sv .^e ihkll frbili^e to Gn^e UMbWO^ -IDb^gres^ lybmtaliOn of the state 6f the tTnion, and reeomtnc^d to ttieir conside^i^n such measufes Hb hb shall judge necessary ai^d el)^^dteil ; he itxA^'tln %ilri(M aft- eers of the United States. SetHoH 4. The President, Vice-Presideni, and all citit b^cers of fhe tTniied B^tates shall be relttoved '■^B^ ^pppippPf^UMiWPINIIil TffiK^ TOTITED STATJ0S. Sam oflSeO: on impe&dbmeaitrfor, and coii:^ictioao^^ •ir«asoii,btsfe^i7^0£ other hi|ii crimeft snd m^sde*^ ARTICLE UI. Seci/Um 1. Thejufdieial ppi^«r of tlie Umted States^ slu# lie Tested in oMiMifxr^we^ courts asid in sneli. inff^Qi: couitts, jap the^ Congrcffs oMty fiom time tok tivi^. Of ^^9,^ :e»^liiill. Tbe jadge9, boUi of tli*^ supreme and inferiQi; courfe, shall hold their ofikies du||tt| good b^hayiour, aiid shall, at stated times, re-, cefire for their services, a.contpenBatloDi.which ehall Dot be diminished duriig their contiiiiiiiiiQe in office. , Seciign ^. The judicial power shall extend i\) all cases, in law anc}eqMity» aiijsitiK under this Cknistitii^ tion, the iaws of the United States, and treaties made, or v> hich shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public minis-, tersand consuls; to all cases of admiralty and mar-, itime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies be» t\ieen two or more states, between a state and citi- zens of another state, betweeit citizens of different state^ietv^een citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states^ and between a r :; 'H:' •■■~J,J^f^^iftdi,'-M.*LiA.,ii im.H>:rm»^'mr'^m»imii^ 'A "li\ 28« tJONsrrrtnlTOiriw stete^ w the eitrt«li84bWeof, nid fpreign stilis, «iU- zeir. or fvbjeets. {See aiii€cdin«iit», Ai*. 3ll.] , ' In all cases atfecting amhassadon, other public ministers, and consuls, and these in which a , state vhall be a party, the supreme court sfaaSl hare origiti* al jurisdicfion. In all other cases before mentioned^ tiie supreme court shaH have appellate jnrisdicfiotty' both as to law and facty wl(h such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Ck>ngres8 shall make* The trial of all ciimes, except in cases of ini|>eaeh- ment/^hall be oy jury ; and such trial shall be 'iWfk'' inth'd state where the said crimes shall have Lo^^i:. committed; but whsc; not committed within any state, ^e trial shall be at such place or places as ifae Congress may by law haY<^ directed. Secium 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in ad- hering to their enemies, giving them aid and com* fort — ^No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. , The Congress shall have power to declare the puuisbment of treason, but no attpi ier ofti^eason %?''v' i- . " oblic state ftgjn- oned) 9, aoA pake* peatli- e Lk.'M'i n any as ihe is, shall inad- 1 com- I unless e overt . •:*..--* ifc the !0n [Ug«< '*». MiE UNITED STA*ft:S. ^2^ »hali work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except^ during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. Section 1 . Full faith and credit shall be given v^ leach state to the public acts, records, and^ judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress " may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which SQch acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, nod the efiect thereof. ^ec/uMt 2^. The citizens of each state sliall be en- to all^privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A p^Mon charged in any state witjb treason, fel« ony, 9r other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall on demand o/ the executive authority of the state from whicTi he fled ' be delivered up, to be renaoved to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one staie, 1 adsr the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be disch ed from such service or labor; but shall be* delivf^ed up on claina of the party io whom such . service or labor may be due. * U m V.^i^!Tr5p P'; ^': ; r g3C> . ^ ClONSTITUnON OP Seicitan 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this union ; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any oth- er state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the Gofisent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as '^iell as of the Congress. '' * The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations, respecting the U *'T^or other property, belojpging to the XJnit- ed State and nothing in this Constitution shallop AO construed, as to prejudice any claims of the Unit- ed States, or of any particular state. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to cverf state in this union, a repubucan form of goir- ernnient ; and shall protect each of them against in- vasion — and on application of the Legislature, or of the executive (when the Legislature connot be con- vened) against domestic violence. ' ^ ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Housas $hall deem it qecessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of t^ Le- ^latures of two thirds of the several states, shalloall THE UNITED STATES. jESJf a convetition for proposing amendments, Tvhich in either case, shall be vaiid, to all intents and purpose- es, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress ; provided that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand' eight hundred and eight,, shall in any manner affect the fitst and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first ar* IjcJe; and thi^ no state, withput its consent^ shall b^, Ipriyed of its equal sufixage in the Senate. ARTICLE VL An debts contracted and engagements entered in- t^ before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Cor; stitution, as under the confederation. ^ This Constitution, and the laws of the United iStates which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, uAder the authority of the United States, shall be the su- preme law of the land ;^ and the judges iaei^^ stat^ shsH be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or b W8 of a&y state to the contrary uotvilhstanding. -m ^'yumwWHV^ S32 CONSTITUTION OP The Senators and RepFesentatives before mention* ed, and the memfaei^ of the several state Legislfi' tures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support tl is Const!* tiition ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States* iWfiTiCLB rii. The ratification 6f the. conventions of nine statei shall be sufficient for the establishment ofthisCqjflp stituiion betvveed the states 6d raitifying the same. Done in cometHi&n^ byjh^ wnonifnous consent of the Stales present^ the seventeenth day qfSeptembetf in the year of our Lord one thousand seDen hundred and dghiy-sevenf and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof me have hereunto subscribed our names, aO: WASHINGTON, Prestdmf, and Deputy frmn Virginia^ ^enhHttmpskire-^fAin Langdon, Nicholas Gflman. Massachusetis — ^-Nathaniel Gorham, Bufus King. Connecticut — ^Wm. Sam'lJohnaon, Roger 8berm||^ m -t-^pp,tfTOJl THE UNITED STATES. 833. Delaware — Geo. ftead, Gunning Bedford, jun. John Piekinson, Richard Bafijptt, Jacob Broom. Mary- ^ondr-James M'Henry, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer, Dan. €arroU, New-York — Alexander Hamilton. New-Jersey — Wm. livingston, David Bre8rle]r« Wm. Paterson, Jona. Dayton. Pennsylvania — ^B. Franklin, Thomas MifiOin, Bob. Morris, Geo. Cly- mer, Thos. Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wit* son, Oouv'. Mor^s. Virginia — John Blair, James Madison, jun. North-Carolina — Wm. Blount, RM'd Dobbs Spaight, Hiigh Williamson. Sotdh- CariMna — J. RuOedge, Charier Cotes. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butfer. Georgia — Wif- liam Few, Abm. Baldwin; :il Attest. William Jackson, Secretary. In Conventimi,Mondayf Sept, 17, I7ff7. •r Present — ^The States ot New-Hampshire, Massa- chusetts, Connecticut/ Mi*. Hamilton, from New- York, New- Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary- land, Virginia, North-Carolina, South- Carolina,, and Georgia. r m f CONSTITUTlOIf OP * ' . ■ ■ TE¥r^rflW> iir€^i*dlng«^ be foid befom the tJMted ^States in €do^re9s afis^mbled) and fhxrt it Is the 6])lhion of this conVehtiofi, that it should aftei^ \tktda bfe sobihiiltt^a to a iiOnvention of delegates ililiosen in each elate bjr the people ther^^of, tinder t tbe recommendation ot ifd leoslature, for 'their as- sesi and ratification ; and that each conrentioiA as- senting to and ratifying the same, should give notice thereof to tbe United States in Dongress assembled. Bmoivedf That it is the opinioii «f this conTen- tioo, that as:poon as the cQi}¥f ntioifs of sine states shall have ratified this constitutiosi the United States in Congress assembled should fix a day on which electors should be appointed by the states ;«iiicli shall have ratified the same, and a diay on which the electors should assemble to^ rote for the Presi- dent, and the time and place ibr commencing pro- ceedings under this constitut(on.-^That after such publication the electors should l>e appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected : That^the elec- tors should meet on the day fixed for the election of the President, an^ should transmit their votes cer- tified, signed, sealed, and directed, as the eonsOtu- i^ TflS 0NITTO STAINS. U§ Hon r0qVH«»j to 'ti)« ^oereUry vf Ifae Umted 8t«iet inCoiigceg8««gefli^le4; 4biU Mif^W^^ws and R^epre? * liwiitatifes «)iau^ eofK^w^e at Ui« ttppe aod pifiee af^ signed ; that the Senators abpuld appamt c piesi; dent of the Senate, ibr the sole purpose of receiT; uig> opening and counting the votes for President ; and, that after he shall be chosen, the Congress, to-~ gether with the President, should without delay, pro- ceed to execute this constitution. By the mt^nfimom mder <^ihe Cpfoipmiianf ^lhh^M jAfCMi^fm^ ^cpetmy. *; ■^ ' ' X ' " S;.tai^- «i* #t *.* v# In Convenlimif SepL 17, 17S7. Sia, ^ W£liave now the honor to submit to tho consid- eration of tl.3 United States in Coingress asseipbled, that constitution which has appeared to uf. the most advisable. " " Tl- ■■.?»^;V ^ The friends of our country have lon^ seen and desired, that the power of making war, peace, and '/eatits, that of levying money ana regulating com- merce, and the correspondent executive andjudt- .# if.- tS$ CONSTITUTION OF ^ ftial authorities should be fully and effectually Vest- ed in the general government of the union ; but the impropriety of delegating such extensive trust fo one body of men is evidient. Hence results the ne- cessity of a different orgamsatioB. it is obviously impracticable, in the federal gof^ ^ emment of these||tat6s^ to secure all ri^ts of inde- pendient sovereignty to each^ and yet provide for the interest and safety of all : indlvidnefo entering into society, must give up a share of liberty to pre- serve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must depend as well on situation and circumstance as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with predaion the line be- tween those rights which must be surrendered, and those which may be reserved ; and on the present occasion this difficulty was increased by a differ- ence among the several states as to their situation, extent, habits, and particular interests. In all our deliberations on this subject we kept steadily in our view, that which appears to us the grelitest interest of every true American, thecontjoli- dation of our union, in which is involved our pros- perity, felicity, safety, perhaps our uational existence. 0.' m wmmm THE UNITED STATES. m This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the con- vention to be less rigid oin points of inferior magni- tude, than might have been otherwise expected ; and thus the constitution, which we now present, is th^ result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual defer- ence and concession which the peculiarity of ctk political situation rendered Indispensible. That it will meet the full and entire approbation of erery state is not perhaps- ttf be expected ; but each will doubtless consider, that had her interest alone been consulted, the consequences inight hare been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others i that it is liable to as f<6W exceptions as could reason- ably^ have been ex it JQOAy promote the ■■■4' dear to us all, and secure her freedom and hi^piness, is our most ardent wish. With great respect, we hoBe the honor to he^ Siir, Your Excellency's most obedt^t and humble servants, Ga: WAl^HmClTON, President, \ Bjf mumitnom order of the Conventioit. His ExceUeney the President of Con^nsi, [^ wt hope and beliere ; that A<,h- .* ^j ^^ eottHtry so' m .'V* '>| w-^ xas CONSTITUTION OP - .;;f. AMENDMENTS'. 1 ARTICLE L I Congress iball make do law respec^g an «8tablishineiit of relig^iit or prohibitiDg the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speecb or of the press f or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petitkui the gOTernment for ft fcdress of grieyances^ / ■rjrn^ n. A well reguMed militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear amis shaH not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner,' nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. m= ^ THE UNITED STATES. tS9 ARTICLE IV. - The right of ike peo|iIe to be seourc in their pt r- eons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasona- ble searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particulafl^ describing the place to be^ searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Article v. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, ufiless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except incases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the alitia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger : Nor shall any person be subject for the same offencO^to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be witness against himself ; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law : nor shall pri- vate property be taken for public use, without just compensation. / I: i >^ CW CDNftTITUTION OF la all enminal prosectftionB, the Accused sk«II en- joy the right to a speedy and pnbiic tpA\,hy an im- partial juiy af HiesUte and district wherein the crime sLaO baye b^en ^omoritted ; which district shall have h^m preiriously i^sceiiained by kw, and to be in- S^MbJ <^ tLc laUire and cause of the accusation ; to foe confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in liisfaTor; and to have 4iie nSfiSstance ofcouncOfor bis defence. . ARTICLE VII. Inj|i;^t8«^t common law^iiiiMiM^li^ in xoih ^irersy shall exceed tw«oty Mkrs, the fights trial by jfjry shaUMEie preseryed : and no fact tried l»y ft jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIIL Excessive bail shall not be required ; nor exces- sive fines imposed ; nor cruel and unusual punish- ments inflicted. * •»f ien- have jein- a; to n; to isc)8 in cttfor teoBr ghtltf t tried in any to the exces- punish- THE UNraro BTAXfiS. 841 ARTICLE IX. TThe ^umeratioii, in the constitution, of certain ri^tB shall not he construed to deny or disparage others, retained hy th<; people. ■ ■ ^ ARTICLE X. Th« powers m)t delegated to Che Umted States hy the constitution, nor prohibited hy it to 'the states, are reserred to the states respectively, or to the peojde. AVCnClM XL ■ The jiidieiBi power ef the United States diaH not l>e construed to emtend to any suit in law or e^p^^ cosoBienced or prostscuted against one of the United. States by citizens of another state, or by dtixens or subjects of any foreign st»te. ARTICLE XIL [This article ii subatUtded " in Heu of the IJardpara- W •* &^^P^ of the first section of the sf^umd article of " the ConsijMion."] The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an uahabitant of W >.y! mm^ # -24i CliNSTITUnON OP t m the same state with themselves.: they shall name in iheir ballote the person voted for -as PresideBt,^nd ^ distiftot ballots Ihe pers'i!f 'W!NW"Wwpiwf|ff5ppiin|pP iNDEFENBENOE. MT saolur the have cise; the danger ofinvMioiifcoiii witlioiit,aiide tioB of all ages, sexes, and conditions. >;•! mm iiMPIiiiiiPili ppupp'^ Wi DBGLARA^ieN OF ll::'-:- ¥:■'■' ^ lit every, stage of these oppressions^ we have pe- ttUoned for redress in the most humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered onJy Ji)y re* peated injury. A. prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, ia unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts made by their legislature to ez« fetiCt an ' unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.-^We Ijaire reminded them of the circumstances of oinr- 'emigratioo and? settlement here. We have appeal* ed to their n&^ve justice and magnanimity^ and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which woulil inevitab^ interrupt our connection and correspoqd- ence. They, too, have bee|i deaf to the voice of justice ajBud of consangHinity. We must therefore, a^^ttiesoe in the necessity which denounces our separation and hold them as we hold the rest of pankiud — enemies in war i in peace friends. . WE, ihecelorex the {tepreseetatives of the United^ States of America, in Oeneral Congress assembled, appealing to thlj Sljapre^^e Judge of the world, for ■'•^Ty.F*^^^^^; (he rteetitade of our intentions, DO, in the hAnie,«iiJd hy the authority of the good People of these OoiCH nies, solemnly publish and declare, Thlit these Unit* ed Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FRfifl AND INDEPENDENT STATES ; that they are absOfved from all allegiance to the British crown^ and that all political connection between them and the state of Great- Britain is, and ought to be totally dissolved ; and that as Free and Independent States, they have fuU power to levy war, conclude peaces contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration^ with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK, President. New-Hampshire — Josiah Bartlett, Wm. Whipple, Matthew Thornton. Massadiusetfs-Bay — Samuel Ad- ams, John Adams, Rob. T. Paine, Elbridge Gerry. Rhode-Island — Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. Conneclicui — Roger Sherman, Saml. Huntington, Wm. WilUams, Oliver, Wolcott. A'ew-ForA:— Wil- liam Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. New-Jersei^ — Rich. Stocltton, J. Wither- 12$£ DECLARATION OF, Sec ipooD, Fr. Hopkinson, J. Hart, Ab. Clark. Penn- sylvania — ^Robert Morris, Beojamin Rush, Benja- min Franklin, Jolin Morton, George Clymer, James Bmith, George Taylor, Jamee Wilson, George Ross. Dekuvare-^Ctani Rodney, George Read. Man^ tand^SMn, Cliase, Wm. Paca, Tho. Stone, Charles Carroll, -of CarrolUon. Virginia— ^Qeo. Wythe, Rich. H. Xiee, Th. Jefferson, Benjamin Harrisoi^ Thomas Nelson, junior, Francis-Lightfoot Lee, Car* tcr Braxton.- North-Carolina — ^WiUiam Hooper, Jo- seph Hewes, John Penn. SoutftrCarolina — EdvK. Kutledge, Th. Heyward, jun. Th. Lynch, jiin. Ar. -Middleton. Qeorgia — Button Qmsmtii^ Lyman fiall, George Walton. PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. -4«- TG THE»J?E0PU5 OV THE UNITED STATES. Vntnds and Fellom-Cilizens^ JL HE period for a new election of a citizenj to administer tfae Executive Goyemment of the Unit- ed States, being not far distant, and the time actual- ly arrived when your thoughts must be employed io designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, espe- cially as it may conduce to a more distinct expres- sion of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline be- ing considered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made. -#" iy 2« PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S iii>%- :':.\--'-^'.- I 'jeg you, at the same time, to do me the jastice to be assured, that this resolution has not been taken, mthout a strict regard t^ all the consideirations ap[>er- taiaiog to lue relation, which binds a dutiful citizen to his country ; and that, in withdk {^.wing the tender ^f service v/hich silence in my situation might ini|)1^, I &m mflusnced by eg diminution of zeal for y6uv future interest ; no defficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness ; but am supported by a full con- Tiction that the step is compatible with both. The acceptance of, and conttnuuice hitherto in, the office to which your suffrages hare twice called on an occasion like the present,, to offer to your solemn contemplation^ and to re- commend to your frequent review, some sentiment? which are the result of much reflection,, of no incon- siderable observation, and which appear to me all- important to the permanency of your felicity as ai^ people. These v^ill be offered to you with thct' more freedom, as you can only feel in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who caq. X 2 vr 256 PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S possibly have no personal motive to bias his coii»- sel«. Nor can I forget as an encouragement to it,- your indulgent reception of my sentiments, on a for- mer and not dissimilar occasion. Interwoven as is the love of liberty with e^rf ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment. ' The unity of government which constitutes you 6ne people, is also dear to you. It is justly so ; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real inde^ pendence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your, pros- perity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize. Bz^t as it is easy to foresee that from different caus^si^ahd from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth ; as this h the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidlQusly) directed, it' is of infinite monaent that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union, to your collective and inr (dividual happiness : that you should cherish a ifotr -uwrsF" ^^'^lliP!iP^^ipP«P^'^''^P^ m FAREWELL ADDftESS. 257 dial, habitual, and immoTeable attachment to it ; kt^ Austoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of *the palladium of your political safety and prospert- iy ; watching for its preservation with jealous anxie- ty ; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a .suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned ; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our coun- try from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred tie» which now fink together the various parts. For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens by birth or choice, of a com- mon country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of Am EaicAN, which be^ long9 to you, in your national capacity, must ak ways exalt the just pride of patriotism more thaa any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principleffv You have in a common cause, fought and triumph^ ed together ; the independence and liberty yo;' pos^ sess are the work of joint counsels, and joint ei^ IbBts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes. ,?rv^- ■i d ||lliPip.WWi.WWJ^ilPpJlll,44^ii m^^ flSt PRESIDENT WAaWNGTGtVB But these codsiderations, however powerfully they address themselTes to your sensibility, are greatly ^tweighed by those which apply more immediatiy to your interest. Here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefiil^ guarding ami preserving the union of the whole. ^he Norikin an unrestrained intercourse with the Soutkj protected by the equal laws cf a common government^ finds in the productions of the latter^ great additional fesources of mai^ime and. commer- cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufa6tur- iflg industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefitting: by the agency of the North, Heks \h agri- culture grow and its commerce expand. — Taming partly into Its own channels the seamen of the Norih, it finds fs particular navigation invigorated; and while it contributes in difierent ways^to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation it look? 'brward to the protection of a maritime strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, in a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior eonununications, by lend and water, will more aad more find a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home. ■&t^i.-.«iut>£^.i jj^tJ^^^j JW;- r "('Pipplpp'pipiflipippfp Hie West AeriveB from the £aeannotX)ul to find in the united mas»^ oCmeans And ell^rts greater strength, greater resource,, proportionably greater security firom external dan- ger,, a less frequent ioterrupttoa of their peace by ibreign nations.; and what is^ of most Inestimable, value! they must derive from union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequency aiSict neighboring countries not tied together by the same government : wliich their own rival-ships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which opposite ibreign alliances, attachments, and |i||lfi^illUJI|JiWiiililipiJlfiUili|!l{|,(i|p^^ Zeo PRE^IDEKT WASHINGTON'S intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence likewise they will avoid the necessity of those over- ^it)Wn military establishments whicb wider any form of govemmenC are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Re- publican liberty. In this sense it is that your union cught to be considered as a main p 'op of your liber- ty, and that the lore of the one, ought to endear to you the preservation of the other* These considieratioDs speak a persuasive iangua^^ to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibft the continuance of the Union as a primary object of .patriotic desire. Is there a. doubt whether a com- mon government can embrace so large a sphere ? ■Let experience solve it. To listen to mere specu- lation in such a case, were criminal. We are au- thorised to hope that a proper organization of the whole, with the auxiiary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the experiment. 'Tis well worth a ft'ir and full experiment. With such powerful and obvious mo- tives to union, affecting all parts of our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its iiDpracitcabiJUy, there will always be reason to dis- Id*- ., liUrAJu^ i.-ss^li iiiiiiiAii4iiiiTii'i 'vfur^. FAREWELL ADDRESS. itl imst the patriotism of those who in any quc^fter may endeavor to weaken its bands. ^'^ In contemplating the causes wbicli may disturb QiUr union, it occurs as matter of serious concern, that any ground should have been furnished for characterising parties by ^eo^op/ttca/ discriminations — NorOien and SoiUhem — Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that tbei« is a real difference of local interests and views. One of these expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts, is to mis- represent the opinions and aims of other districts. Tou cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings which spring from those misrepresentations ; they tend to render alien to each other those, who ought to be bound together by fraternal affettion. The inhabitants of our west- ern cotintry have lately bad a useful lesson on this head : they have seen in the negoclation by the ex- i^utiV^, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the univer- sal satisfaction at that event throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among tbem, of a policy in the general government, and in the Atlantic V 11' .*■■ w PRBSmENT WA8fflN6TON'S IBtates, unfHendly to4heir ioterests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been witnesses to the formal tion of two treaties, that with Great-Britain, and that with Spain, which sectire to them every thing they isould desire, in respect to our foreign relations, tow- ^di confirming theur prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely, for the preservation of these advantages on the Union l>y which they were pro- cured ? Will they not henceforth be ileaf to those «dvilers, if such there are, who would sever them ^'from their^ brethren, and connect them with aliens ? To the efficacy and permanency of your union, « government for the v^ ole is indispensable. No alliances, however strict, between the parts can be 0Xi. adequate substitute ; they must tnevitaUy expe- rience the infractions and ioterraptions which all •aUiances in all times have experienced. Sensible of thi^ momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay by the adoption of a constitution of government better calculated than your former, for an intimate union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. — This government, the offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and un? awed, adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completed free in its principles, in the FAREWELL ADDRESS. 2e^" dfslribution of its powers, uniting security with eiier^ gy, and containing within^ itfeiclf a provision for its ajinendment, has a just dalm to your confi^nce andT ybur support. — Respect fbr its authority, cbmpliance ' wkh its laws, acquiescence in its measures, r;e du« ties enjoined by the fundamental maxirois of inie liberty, Tlie basis of our political system is, the right of the jxeople to make and to alter their consti* ' tution of govemnaent. Bi't, the constitution vifiich a^any time exists^ tiH changed by an explicit and ayMientic act, 0£ the whole people, is secredfy obK* - gfttory i]p«D«Ali; :The very idea of the power and tln^'right of the people to- establish government, pre- siipposes the duty ofe^ery ipdividnal h obey the ' established government. -^ All obstructions to the execution of the laws, lAl combinations and Jtssociations, under whatever plau' sible character, witE the X'ekl design to direct, con^'" trol, v^outiteract, ortaib the regular deliberation and action of the constihited authorities, are destructive of this fundamentai ^nciplc, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organi^se faction j to give it an arti- ficial and extraordinary force ; to putnin the place of the delegated will of the nation, the will of a par- ty, often a small, but artful and enterprising minori- Y 4.' *'3 -sfV:;- f^^^ 864 PRESIDENT WABHINOTONTS ij of the community ; and, according to the alter- nate triumphs of different parties, to make the pub- lic Administration the mirror of tbeill-concerted and incongruous projects of taction, rather than the or- gan of consistent and wholesome plans, digested by common council, and modified by mutual interestg. • Howerer combinatiom or associations of the above description may now and then answer popu- lar ends, they are likely, in the course of time and tilings, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subyert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reigns of government ; destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion. towards the preservation of our government, tnd the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discounte- nance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged au- thority, but also, that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its principles, however specious the pretexts. One method of assault may be to effect in the forms of the constitution, alterations which will impair the energy of the system, and thus l2£^»:iifi4uiliij£«^^>uiu Ai^A •li^^SR^P i:iix25^ii^*^ FAREWELL ADDRESS. t^5 to nndermine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes to which you may be invited, Wmember that time and habit are at least as neces- sary to fix the true character of government as of other human institutions ; that experience is the surest standard by which to rest the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country, that facili- ty in changes upon the credit of mere hypothesis And opinion, exposes to perpetual change, from the endlesa variety of hypothesis and opinion ; and re- member, especially, that for the efficient manage- ment of your common interests, in a country so ex- tensive as ours, a goverment of as much vigor as -is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is in- dispensable. Liberty itself will find in such a gov- erment with powers properly distributed and adjuster ed, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a nanike where the government is too feeble to withstand the enterprizes of faction, to confine each member of the society within the limits prescribed Jby the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and pror perty. I have already intimated to yon the danger of partiea in the State^ with peculiar reference to the 4 2^ PRESIDENT. WASHINGTON'S founding of ^m on geographicai dtscrioiiBaCions. het me now take amore coivpreheiieiTe view, ami Ti ant yoi^ i^ taa moat solemn manner, against the -Itaneful ejects of the spirit of par^y, generally^ This spirit, onfortunaieV, fs msepamblc from ow nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists mider different shapes in ail gov domination of oae faction arer -- j •- . . ' . , . ■ - another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension, which in different ages and coun- triss has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, ik ilself a (H^htftit despotism : but this leads at length. '^ a more formal and permanent despotism. Th» disorders and miseries Which result, gradnally induie the minds of men to seek security and repose in tlio absolute power of an individual ; and sooner or later ibS chief of some prevailing faction, more able, or fen ore fortunate than his v:ompetifors, turns this dis- pos tion to the purposes of his own elevatiOM, on the riiinB«ofr public^ liberty. • • , . i iJi±s^iS^^^i ;:^..., iA'i^l FAREWELL ADDRESS. 267 Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind, (which, Devertheless, ought not to be entirely out of sight) the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party, are sufficient to' make it the inter- est and duly of a wise, peopte to discourage and re- strain it. It serves always to distract the public councils, and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with iilfoufiu^d jealousies and false alarms— kindles the animosity of one party against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passion. Thus Ihe policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. There is an opinion that parties in fref" coUntrie& are useful checks upon the administration of the government, and serve to keep alive the spirit qf liberty, lliis within certain limits is probably true, and in governments of a monarchical cast, patriot- ism may look with iudufgence, if not with favor, up- 0.1 the spirit of party. But in those of the popular character, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit: ^v: I '. ppiHr^iniiippv mPW^ 269 PRI^SIDENT WASHINGTqK'S not to he encouraged.^ ^From their natural 4te- dency it ii ccriaini thei^ "^ always bi^^a^f g)i oC that spirit f%. «y«i|r;s;, «ajl|it$ry (mqiose.^ Amilhcre being opmtant d^iv^ of excess, the effort ought to be^ by force of public opinion, to mitigate an4 assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame^ lest instead of warming it should consume. V It is important likewise that the habits of thinking in a free country shouk! inspire caution, in those ior trusted wUh its administration, to confine themselves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoic^ ing in the exercise of the powers of one department to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroach- ment tends to consolidate the (K)wer8 of all depari* ments in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, and proneness to abuse it, which predominates in tlie human heart, is »u^cient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. The necessl- ty of reciprocal checks in the exercise of the poli- tical power ; by dividing and distributing it in differ- ent deposi^i^es;^ and constituting each the jiardian of the public weal against invasions by the others, has been evinced by experiments ancient aud mo- lyt^l^T iniiiMUi >A uif iniPip^ FAfiEWELL ADDRESS; im dem; so^ ^f them ia our eoiu^jQ^ pad Mii^mr ot^^ own e|[es.. To pceserne ^ic||| |pu8t be as nec^sMiy as to im^tute Uie^. ^ U; ixh^ apinioa of^ Ui^ |M(^' pie, the diatiibBtlon or jnodificiyiQfi «£ Um conatitu* iJQDal powers be m aay paitteidar ^ wrongs let U be .eorreeted by aa ^amendmettt in; the way 'whicb tbe eonstitutioB designates. — ^But let there bti no ebangp by usurpation ; for though this, in one instance, ciay be the instrument of good, it is the customary weap- on by which free governments are dfistroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance in per> manent evil any partial or transient benefit wbichl'lhe use can at any time yield. Of all the dispostions and habita which lead to political prosperify, Reli^on and MoraUty are indis- pensible supports^ In vain woidd that man claim^ the tribute of patriotism, who would labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness,^ these firmest prop» of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politidan ei|ually with the pious man, ought to res- pect and cherish them — a volume could, not trace all their connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, where is tlie secority for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of relfr gious obligation desert the oaths which are the in- m ' I «W PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S struments of icTeBtigatioit in Courts of Justice ? and let us with caution indulge the supposition, that mo- rality can be maintained without reli^on. Whatever may be conceded to the iniTuence of refined educsh lion on minds of pecid^ar structure ; reason and ex- t»erience both forbid us to expect that national mo- rality can prerail in exclusion of religious principle. It is substantially true tliat virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular g;0Ternment. The rule indeed extends with mo^eor less force to every spe- cies of free government. I^o that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the frabh!s t Promote, then^ as au object of prfmary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened^ As a very important source of strength and secw- fity^ cherish public credit. One method of presep- viog it is to use it as sparingly as possible ; avoid- ing occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements ta pre- pare for danger, frequently prevent much greater dis- ru mi #^. vrpuHiiippffHfiiipii'iN'i"-^'- >" mw'i '•''.J ( FAR£W£LIf ABDHJBSQ. t i^ i>iiF8€m(i|it9> to repel it f ftyoiding like^p^ise-tiieflyi^oii- mulation of debt^ qot only -by fihunniDg occasions gf expense, but by vigprous exestioiis in time of peaee to discharge the tiebts which *iinircoidabie wars may huve occasioned, not ungeatKHMily throwing upo^i posterity the burthen which we ourselyes ovipht to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to your Representatives, but it i» necessary that pul^- lie opinion should co-operate. To facililafe to them Uie. performance of t^ieir duf^i it is essential th^t jQU should praejtic|iUyl)ear in waffs^^ that towards th^ paypient of debt^ th^re must b^ reTemie ', that \^ have rerenue there n^t be ta^es ; that no . taxes can be devised which are not more or less inconreii- lehi ' and implefasant ; that the intrinsic embarrass* meiit insi§paj>able from thie* selection of the proper bbjcfcis (which is always A choice of iflfiicutti^fl} ought to ^ a decisive motive for a candid constrffc- tlon of the conduct of the govenmient in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescenee io the measures for obtaining revenue, which the public exigencies may at aufy time di^^tate. Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and iiannony with til ; re^gion aad moraHty enjoin this conduct : and can it be toi ^ yM ^'^ ^ S7a PRESroENT XrASHINaTO?rS good policy does not equaHy enjoin it T Tt win he worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant pe* riod, a great nation, to give to mankind the magna- nimioHS and too noTei example of a people always guided by air exalled^tice and beneyolence. Who can doubt that in the course of time and thhigs, the fruits of such a plan' would richly repay afiy tempo- Fary advantages which might be lost by a steady adherance to it 7 Can it be, that Plx>vklenee has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation with Tirtue ? The experiment at least, is reconmiended hy every sentiment which ennobles human nature. AHw ! it is rendered impossible by their vices. ' In Che execution of such a phin, nothing its ikire essential than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachr ments for others, should be excluded ; and that in iilace of them just and amicable feelings towards ail ahonld be cultivated. The nation which indulges towards another habitual liatred, or an habitual fond- ness, is in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity, or to its affection, either of which is suffi- cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against another disposes #a6h more readily to oiler Insult and injury, to'Iieiy . ippp FABEWELL ADDRESS. 2JS bold of slight causes of umbrage^ and to be haugh- ty and untractable, when accidental or trifling occa- sions of dispute occur. — Hence frequent colUsionSi obstinate, envenomed, and bloody contests . The na- tion, prompted by iS-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the govemment contrary to the best calculations of policy. The goy«mment sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts throu^ passion what reason .would reject ; at other times, it makes the. animosity of the nation subser* vient to projects of hostility instigated by pride, am- bition, and^ other sinister and pernicious motives. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty oi' nations, has been the victim. So likewise, a passionate attachment of one na- tion for another, produces a variety of v«vils. Sym- patby for the favorite nation, facilitating this illusion of an imaginary common interest, ki ca.«c<» where no real common in^rest exists, and infusing into o^e the interests of the other, betrays the former in- to a participation in the quarrels and wars of the lat- ter, without adequate inducf>ment or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of |)rivileges denied to others, which is apt doubSy to injure the nation making the concessions ; by unne^ A^ cissw^^ M- tnuMtitWwji^m^o^'a ♦ •^ effasflrH^ pitrf' g wlfli whit' ought to hare hoto re* ttixM ; aad^bj^ exciting jealimsy^, il^Wflf, kndfa Uts* poflitibii t6 ^etkUate^SAtHe (laHfei AbiH^Vihavn e^uit inMlegMafto witlfheld: And it (^¥e# C6 ambHiottI, ' eMrupted, or ' dehiiid ^ fMsent (wiio d€TOt(0 ftera- fi^v^ 1^ fl^ le deference for publio* opidioii, o^kic8, or the ordiiiary comhiiui* tk)i)9 ftod collbions of her frieodshipe or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and en- MeB us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people, under an efllcien! government, the p^ fiod is not far off, when we may defy material in- yttrf from e^cternal annoyance ; when we may tnk'e such an attitude im wHI cause the neutrality^ we may at any Ume resolve upon, to he scrupulously resr l>ectcd ; when belligerent nations, undcfr the impos- eibillty of making acijuisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocations ; when we iBay.f boose peace or war, as oar interest, gui. i>> ^n^ n'\ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) r whatever it mfff accept under that character ; that by such acceptance, it may place itself in the Gondl- tiott of having giren equivalents for nominal favors^ and yet of being reproached with ingratftude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than ^ to expect, or calculate, upon real favors from na* tion to nation. It is an illusion which experknce must cure, which a just pride ou^t to discard. In offering to you, my countrymen, these coim* seUi of an old and a£EectiQuate iriend, I dare Qot hope they will make the strong and lasting impress sion I could wisli, that they will controul the usual current of tlie passtons, or prevent our nation from runnkiK the (^ourse which baa liitberto marked- the df stif))^ of natiotta : — But if I may even flatter myself, that ihfiy may be productive of some partial benelit, some occasional good — ^tliat they may now and theb r«cur to mederate the fury of party spirit, to ^vam agahist the mischiefs of foreign iiitngue, lo guard^ ^ gaiaet the impostures of pretended patriotism, this ^ %S , -* ■i-<^ i- FAREWELL ADDRESS. 281 tiope wni be a fiill recompence for the eolicUude for your welfare, by which they have been dictated. How far in the discharge of my official duties, I have been guided by the principles which have been delineated, the public records and other evidences of my conduct must witness to you, and to the world. iTo myseli^ the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least believed myself to be guided by ^ihem. / In relation to the first subsistuig war in Europe, my Proclajmation of the 22d of April, 1793, is tk;e in- dex to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving tvoice, and :by that of your liepresentatives in both ^Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me ; uninfluenced by any at- tempts to deter or divert me from it. I After deliberate examination with the aid of the best b'ghts I could obtain, I was well satisfied that ^ur country, under all the circumstances of the casei had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, .1 determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it with moderation, persererance, and fins- jiessu m ~ . .,-.,. 4^h ' .^^iAkitaA^.' «8i PRSmOENT WASH1NOT0N^3 'Fhe considerations whick respect the rtgM 4o hoki ihis eonduet, % is not ncicessafy on liliis occaeioB i.o detail. I wiH only obserre, that according to my uoderstanding of ^ matter, that right, so Car Icoot l»eiBg denied by njeiy of the l^eBigerenf powm*^ ^ been Tirtaally admjttled by jSJl f The d«ty of bolding a neuti'itf cen^tiet may %e ifl- Cen>ed, iia^oiit an^^ thing more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation in cases in which it Is free to act, to maintain in- violate the celatiojQ^ of pe^ce juid Qimity towards oUt^- or i^aliQiis. ^ . . ; > ^p '$he Inducements of Interest !for obsenring' that (Umdoct will tie best referred to yonr refleetkniB and experience. WiSi mc, a predotniiiBiit motive has been to endearor io-^am iin^ to ^r country, iofiet- tt^ and mature its yet recenjt institutions, and to piogress without inturruption^ io that degree q( strength ^d QpBsistency, which ^s necesisary to g^ve it, humaoly ^pealjLiog, the cammaiid of its own latf^ <«; Vhoa^ in«e¥iewmg tiie incidents of my admiRr ia^tion, I am unfii^oious ^ uiientional £rror;; ^I aio iie?erthe)ess too sensible of my defects aoi tp vr- FAREWELL ADDRESS. 28S think it probable that I may have committed maDjr eirors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my coimliy wJiliu^er eeas^ 4o vi«w them with indulgence; and that after forty rfive years of my life dedicated to its service, with an upright zeal, the fktitte of incompetent abifiGes will be consigned lo obHvion, as myself nmst jboqq b^ to tke man- sions ttf xest nelying on its mndness in this 9» in «tber tbifigs, ani actuated by that ietivftnt love toi(!v«MlB it, wHieb is s« natund to a man who views im it^ tiativ« soil of himself and progenitors for several generations ; I anticipate wi& pieasing expectation that retreat, in which I promise viyself to realise, without alloy the sweet enjoyment oT partaking Ij the midst of my i«Uow*x»tiaen9, the b«n|gpi influence of good laws under a. free government — the ever favorite object ^ my heart, and the happy leneard, as i baut) ol" our mutual cares, labors, and dangers. ^ GO : WASmNGTCW, '■S' UmTjjD Bi^ATus, Wk Sf^ewlber, 1X9^^, -. \:'X I'i- m mm -,; T ■■•-fi^'^' ,1 DECLAEATION OF WAR, BY Amcbiga, Juse 18, 1812. .'J f 'f ■ in the selection qffadsy respecting aw present con- test, itmch liberty has been taken to extract and '■ use the language of others^ We have endeavored to give our readers the principal Land awi Naval Engagements, jn their order (^ dates as they oc- curred— we shall commence with the surrender of ' Detroit, though no opinion wilt be offered — iht ' public are left to decide, mithout cotmnent. SmnEJ^BEB OFBETBOIT. GENERAL ORDERS. Head-Quaeters at Deteoit, > August 16, 1812. 5 1 1* XT is with pain and anxiety that Brtgadier Oeneral Hull, announces to the North Western Ar- my^ that he has been compelled from a sense of duty to agree to the followi^t Ailiiks of Capitii- lation. Camp DcTMnT, August 16, 1812. Capitidation of surreDdering Fort Detroit, enter- ed into between Major-General Brock cominAnd- ing his Britannic Mft|f6ty's forces of the one part, and Brigadier^eneiilliull commanding file North Western Army of the United States, of the oOiw part. , -"■.■j4^'i."l*?d" jKi*^' SURRENDER OP DETROIT. SS5 con- and ored t ot- -iht - >■■• /* ■■■' h idier 1 Ar- se of )itu- u. 2. Dter- part, iTortti part. ' ^firHcle 1st. Port Detroit wi'.h alt th« troops, Regulars, d" well as Mithia, ivill te immediately sur* rendered to the' British forces under the command of Major General Brock, and will be considered pri- soners of war, with the' exception of such of the Mi- litia, of the Michigan Territory, who have not join- ed the army. Article 2d. All public stores, arms, and public documents, including every thing else of a public nature, will be immediately given up. Article 3d. Private persons and private proper- ty of every description will be respected. Article 4th. His Excellency Brigadier General Hull hating expressed a desire that a Detachment from the State of Ohio on its way to join his army, as well a^ one sent from Fort Detroit under the command of Col. M^ Arthur, should be induced ia the above stipulation, it is accordingly agreed to.-^ Itr is lK)wever to be understood th«t such parts of the Ohio Militia as have not joined the army, will be permitted to return home on condition that they will Eiot serve during the war—- their arms however will be delivered up if belonging to the public. Ariick S^h, The Garrison will march out at the hour of 12 o.'c!ock this day, and the Britisli forces w ill take immediate possession of the Port. J. M'DowL, Lt. Col. Militia ^. A. D. C. . , l(^. Bi Qik&GQf Major A. D. C. rWiLLUM HuiiL, Bttg. Gen. Commanc&ig the N ♦ W. Army. JaM£S Miller, Lt. Col. 5th U. S. Infantry. S. Brush, CqI. 1st Reg. Michigan Militia. Approv£», ' Isaac Brock, Maj. Geih . ,. 'M *. tj; iif.. ai aae BURRENDER OP DETROIT. The army at 12 o'clock this daf wHI march out of the east Gate, where they will stack their arms, and will be then subject to the articles of Capittila* tion. WM. HULL, Brig. Gen. Commanding N. W. Army. Memorandum af the Jlmu, Atmnunitiony SfC. in De- • 'iroU, August 16, 1812, the day of the surrender of that place to the BrUiah farces hu Brig. Gen. Wm, Bull. 2600 Muskets and accoutrementa stacked on thetiv esplanade. '[^ 450 Moskets and accoutrements brought in after fim surrender, by Colonels M' Arthur and CasSySlack- ^ on the esplanade. 7dO Muskets in the hands of the Militia of the Bfichigan territory} brought in and stacked on the esplanade. ', N. B. The number in the Arsenal not known. 9 24^ pounders mounted. ' 27 Iron and brass pieces from 12 to S pounders^ 4 or 5 of which not mounted. ^ 2 Hov\'itaers. I M'Ttar. 480 itounds of t%e(k a9ii|iipHioii tot. the 24- ponoders. 600 Rounds of fined ammunition for the 6bpoundir crs. — For the oti-sr ordnance not ascertained^ 206 Cartridges of grape shot for the 24 pounders. 200 Cartridges of grape shot for the Opdunders. 200 Tons oT cannon ball of difTereot sizes. The shells prepared and fixed, not aBC^r^ec^ but the number was considerably. 60 Barrels g^A powcler* 4'^ CAPTURE OF THE GUERRIERE. 2ftT ' 75,000 Musket cartridges made up. 2<^ Rounds of cartrklgee in possession of each man.. 150 Tons of lead 25 Days provisiolis on hand, besides 100 pack horse loads of dour, hnd 400 bead of cattle, at Riv- er Raisin, under the escort of Gapt. Brush and 300 men from Chilicothe. The River Raisin is 36 miles from Detroit. And under the same escort 120 bbls. of flour. 2600 Men under arms ih t)etroit, besides the dt- tachmeot of 450 men under < M'Arthur and Cass, who had been sent to meet Gapt. Bnish at River Raisin, but for want of provisions had returned on the 15lh, and encamped that i^ight within 6 mites of Detroit, — #■ -«* CAPTURE OF THE GUEKRIERE, BT THE UNITED STATES FRIGATE * CONSTITUTION, COMMODORE ISAAC HULL, COMMANDER. ^ XN latitude 41 , 42, N. longitade 55, S3, W. Thursday, August 19, 1812, fresh breeze from N. W. and cIou% ; at 2 o'clock, P. M, discovered a vessel to the southward, made all sail In chase ;' at 3, perceived the chase to be a ship on the starboard tack, close hauled to the wind ; haukcl S. S. W. : at .J,n CAPTURE OF THE GUBRJRIBRE. half past 3, made out the chas»^ to lie a Frfgate ; it 4, CDiiiiiig up with the chase very fast ; at a quarter bel'ure 5, the chase laid her maia-iopsaii to the mast; "took iti bur lap gallant sails, stey-sails, himI flying jib; (ocik a second reei in the to|i!f>ail8, iiauled the courses up ; Beoi the royal yatnis down, and got all clear fer .aistioD ; beat to quarters, on which the crew gat? e three cheers : at 5, the ehase hoisted three English ensigns ; at five minutes past 5, tiie enemy com- menced firing ; M 20 mmutes pagt 6,«et our colours, tme at each roast head, and one at the tnlzen peak, ^nd began firing on the enemy, and continued to fire ^occasionally, he wearing very often, and we mi^noeu- Trein^to close witl| him, am! avoid being raked ; at 6, set the main topgallant saiJ, the enemy having bore up ; at five minqtes past 6, brought the enemy to close action, standing before the wind ; at fifteen minutes past 6, the eneiiiy's misen mast fell over on the starboard side ; at twenty minutes past 6, finding we were drawing ahead of the enemy, luffed short I »und his bow, to rake him -, attwvxnty five^ninutes last 6, the enemy fell on board of us, his bowsprit Dul of our mmen rigging. We prepared to board, but immediately after, his fore and mainmast went by the board, and it was deemed unnecessay. . Our cabin ha(I taken fire from his guns, but was soon ex- tinguished without material icjury ; at tbtrty .^minulee past 6, shot abead of the enemy, when tie firing j^ased on both sides, he making i he signal of sub- "n^ssioh by firing a gun to leewai^ ; .set fore and main-sail, and hauled to the eastward to repair dam- agi^s ; all our brilces and much of our stalling and running r^^ng and some of„ our spars .being shot away. At 7, lyore ship, awl stood uedj^c the lee df the prize— ^eni our boat on board, :whicb iteturned til eigh^,' with Caplaui DacveSylute of his majesty'* ship Gusniere^ mounting Forty-Nine csMrriage guns, ami n^ausiQed witli tiire^. JauiMir^d aiui two me»: got our m M fmmm CAPTTRE Of THE GOTftRFERE. 283 bonis onf, and kept them employed in removing (he prisoners and baggage from the prise to our own ship. Sent a Surgeon's mate to assist in attending the wounded, wearing ship occasionally to keep in the best position to receive the boats. At twenty minutes before 2, A. M. the 20th, discovered a sai! off the larboard beam, standing to the south ; saw all clear for another action ; at Sy the sail stood off again ; at day-light was hailed by the Lieutenant on board (he urize, who informed he had four feet of wfXer ia the iiold, and that she was in a sinking condition ; all hands employed in removing the prisoners, and repairing our own damage through the remainder of the day. Friday the 21st commenced with light breeKes from the nor .Iiward, and pleasant ; our bouts and crew still employed as before. At 3, P. M* made the signal of recall for our tioats, (having re- ceived all the prisoners,) they immediately lett her on fire, and a quarter past three, she blew up. Our loss in the action was seven kilted, and seven ^FPOunded ; among the former was Lieut. Bushjofma.' rines, and among the latter, Lieut. Marriiy severely ;9 find Mr. AybviUy the master, slightly. On the part of the enemy, fifteen men were killed^ Bnd sixty-four wounded. Among the former, was the second Lieut. Ready ; and among the latter were Capt. DaereSy and the first Lieut. Kent ; Mr. Scolif master, and master's mate. The CONSTrrUTlON arrived in Boston harbor^ August 31st, where she received a federal salute from the ordnance of the Washington Artillery at Fort- Hill, and three times three huzzas froin the citizens QB the wharves, and in the vessels. '*The prisoners were removed, and thirty two of the wounded was carried to the Town's Hospital, at Rainsford's Island. # Since fce recoiiered Jrom his wounds, nas been «y»- pointedtocoiiHnund ifie, FrigeUe Adams, of ^2 Qtans, A a * 6, W and lat. 37, N. the track of ves- sels passing from Bermuda to Halifax, when on Saturday the 17th of October, about 11 o'clock, in a clear moon-light evening, %lie found herself near tive strange sail, steering eastward. As some of them seemed to be ships of war, it was thought bet- ter to get farther from them. The Wasp, therefore, hauleil her wind, and haying reached a few miles to windward, so as to escape or fight as the occasion Itiight require, followed the strange sail through the night. At day break on Sunday mornings Capt. Jones found that they were six large merchant ships, iwder convoy of a sloop of war, which proved to hp the Frolic, Capt. Whinyatcs, from Honduras to England, with a convoy, strongly armtd and man- bed, havifig all forty or fifty men, aiul two of them mounting sixteen guns each. He determined, hovv- tver, to attack them, and as there was a heavy swdf of (he Isea, and the wetither boisterous, ^ot :'^K:;i,r. ,..■-- ^to..^^, ,.,. k%abi. m^ •"W* CAPTURE OP THE FROUC. 20t down his topgallant yards, close reefed the topi^ ^ sails, and prepared for action. About 1 1 o'clock the Frolic Phewcd Spanish colors ; and the Wasp iniinedialc;/ displayed the American ensign atut pendant. At 32 minutes past II, the Wasp came down to winctward, on her larboard side, within about sixty yards and hailed. The enemy hauled down the Spanish colore hoisted the British en- sign and opened a fire of cannon and musketry — this the Wasp instantly refurned ; and, coming near ^ to the enemy, the action became close and without intermission. In four or five minutes the maintop inast of the Wasp, was shot away, and felling down with the maintop sail yard across the larboard fore and foretop sail braces, rendered* her head yards unmanageable during the rest oi" the a.-^ion. In two or three minutes more her gaft and mizentop-gallanfe mast were shot away. Btilf she continued a close and constant .fire. The sea was so rough that the muzzles of the Wasp's guns were frequently in the .water. The Americans) thcFcfore, fired as the ship's side was going'down^) so that their shot went , either on the enemy's dfeck or below it, while the . TIngTfeh - fir e d a » the-r«^st»l roee-, and^hUS her "balls chiefly touched the rigging, or were thrown away. The Wasp now shot ahaad of the Frolic, raked her and then resumed her position on her larboard bow. Her fire was now obviously attended with such sue- cess, and that of the Frolic so slackened, that Capt-. Jones did not wish* to board her, lest the roughness of the sea might endanger both vessels ; but, in the course ^^ a few minutes more-, eveiy brace of th^ Wasp was shot avvay^ and her rigging so much torB to pieces, tliat he was afraid that his masts, being unsupported, would go by the board, and ih^ Fi oUc be able to escape. Re thought, therefore, tb0 best chance of securing her was to board, and de- cide the coatest at once. With this view he wart j^iii^^M^ m CAPTURE OF THEt I^OLIC. ^p, and niDQing down upon the enemy, the Tea- sels struck each other ; the Wasp^s side rubbing along the Frolic's bow, so that her jib boom came in between x^e main and mizen rigging of the Wasp, direct*^ over the heads of Captain Jones and the ^ret lieutenant, Mr, Biddle, who were, at that momen^ standing together near the capstan. The Frolic lajr so fair for Faking that they decided not to boar<^ until they had giren a closing broadside. Whilst fhey were loading for this, so near were the two^ Tesscis, that the rammers of the Wasp were pushed against the Frplic's sides, and two of her guns went through the bow ports of the Frolic and swept the whole length of her deck. At this moment John Lang,« a seaman of the Wasp, a gallant fellow, who had been once impressed by a British man of wai^" Jumped on a gun with his cutlass, and was springing^ on board the Frolic ; Captain Jones wishing to fire tgtxia before boarding, called him down ; but his iiiipetuosity could not be restrained, and he was al* ready on the bowsprit of the Frolic ; when, seeing tlie ardor and enthusiasm of the Wasp's crew, lieut; J^iddle mounted on the hammock cloth to boards At4y*«go*l (lie crew followed, but lieut BiddhrS feet got entangled in the rigging of the enemy's bowaprif, and midshipman Baker, in his ardor tp pit on buard, laying hold of his coat, he ftell back oji the Wa«p'i» dedc. He sprang up, as the next .s)vell of tiie sea brought the Frolic nearer, be got on iiie bowsprit, where Lnng and an other seaman were already. He passed them on the forecastle, asd was surprised at seeing not a singl^it^Qpn alire * Jolm Lan^ <> particularly was crowded with the dead, wounded; And dying ; there being but a small portion of the Frolic's crew who had escaped. ' Captain Jones in- stantly sent on board his surgeon's mats, and all the. blankets of the Frolic were brought from her slop room for the comfort of the wounded. To incre; ^a this confusion, both the Frolic's masts soon {c\\\ fcovering tile dead and every tiling on deck ; and «he lay a complete wreck. ^4 It ncwv appeared that the Frolic mounted sixteen thirty-two pound carronades, four tweh^c pctindcrs on the main deck, and two t\velvc pound carro- nades She was, tlierefore, superior to the Wasp, \yy exactly four twefve pounders. The number of men on board, as stated by ihe officers of the Frolii*, was oDM^Iiyiai^lrcd and ten— the ni7mber of sc^a^ men orn^rd the Wasp was one hundred anf iwo ; i)Ut ii, could n»t be ascertained whether in thi<^ one liundrjd and ten, were included marines anil Qtlf- r the Wa.

d tv»';) .iiv^c^, OiT».!«'r9 F.r^ f^^'-'.r,^ ^.,..'.* .. r '.i'^;^,.^^L'i:^, • ]L>itJtUi^kii..^iai.M >'iir^^^^ aj^ CAPTURE OP THE PROLICv What is howeyer decisive, ib to their eompfOMfB- force, is, that the ofiicers of the Frolic acknowledged that thef had as many men as they knew what to do with, and in fact the Wasp could have spared fifteen men. There was therefore on the most fa«< -vorabte view, at least an equality of men, and an. inequality of fpur guns. The disparity of loss was much greater. — ^Tbe exact number of kiUed and wounded on board the Frolic could not be precteely determined ; but from the observations of our oi&* eers, and the declarations of those of (he Frolic, the tuimber could not hare been less than about thirty kifled, including two officers, and of the wounded between forty ^ and fifty ; the Captain and second lieutenant being of the number. The Wasp hrd live men kitled and five slightly wounded. AH hands were now employed in clearing the Beck, burying the dead, and taking care of the 'wounded, when Captain Jones sent orders to lient Biddle to proceed to Charleston, or any southern I^Qrt of the United States ; and as there was a sus- picious sail to windward, the Wasp would continue fcer cruise. The ships then parted; The suspicious sail was now coming down very fast. At first it was supposed that she was one of the convoy, who had all fled during the engagement, and the ship cleared for action ; but the enemy, as she ad** Vaneed, proved to be a Seventy-Four — the PoiatieriB^ Captain Beresford. 8fae fired a shot over the Frolic^ passed her ; overtook the Wasp, ^he disabled state of whose rigging prevented her fr^ escap- ing ; and then returned to the Frohe, l^ro could, of course, midte no resistance. The Wasp and frolic were carried into Bermuda. ' It Is not the least pnjm due to Captato Jonefl| &at hb account of this gaUaot action Is perfectly modtst and unostentatious. OK his own ihare i ibR esptore^ U ^ wmeoessivy tp add mif tl^^v CAPTURE OP THE PROUC. 2fl^ < ^Tke courage and exertions of the oCBcers and crew,'' he obBerves, ** fully answer my expectationa and wishes. £ieut. Biddie's actiye conduct contrir bnted much to our success^ by the exact attentios paid to ereiy department during the engagement, and the animating example he afforded the crew by his intrepidity. Lieuts. Rodgers and Booth, and Mr. Rapp, showed by the incessant fire from their divisions, that they were not to b^ surpassed in re* solution or skill. Mr. Kni^t^ and every other offi- cer, acted with a courage and promptitude highly honorable. Lieut. Cfaixton, who was confined by sickness, left his bed a little previous to the en* gagement ; and though too weak to be at his divi* sion, remamed upon deck, and showed by his comv posed manner of noting its incidents, that we ha<) lost 1^ his illness, the services of a brave officfT;'' IS- \- % r" ftyn CAPTURE OF THIS . MACEDONIAN. i\a5 (-e (. ••• •[ i^4m^ i ite^^S^. CAPTURE OP THE HIAODDONIAN. fm^ 9 The enthusiasm of every officer, seamen, and n»- / rine on board this ship, on discoverinj^ the enemy ^^their steady conduct in battle, and precision ojT their fire, could not be surpassed. — ^Where all met iny fullest expectations, it would be unjust in me to discriminate. Permit me however, to recommend to your particular notice, my first Lieutenant, Wm. H. Allen. He has served with me upwards of five years, and to his unremitted exertions in discipik)- ing the crew. It is to be imputed the obvious supe* riorify of our gunnery exhibited in the result of this contest. Subjoined is a list of the killed and wounded on both sides. Our loss compared with that of the enemy will appear small. Amongst our wound* «d, you will observe the name of Lieutenant Fnnk, who died a few hours after the action — tie was an officer of great gallantry and promise, and the ser- vice has sustained. a severe loss in bis death. The Macedonian lost her mizen-mast fore and main- top- masts and main-yard and was much cut in her hull. The damage sustained by this^ip w<8 not such as to render her return into port necessa- ry, and had I not deemed it important that we should see our prize in, should have continued our cruise. With the highest consideration and respect, I am> sir, your obedient humble servant. Signed STEPHEN DECATUR. List of killed and wounded on boa&d thb V»st TjKp States. TlTomas Bro'rvn, New- York, Seaman Henry lohepherd, Philadelphia, do. — Wm. Murray, Boston^ a boy — Michael O'Donnel, New-York^ private msr l^e — John Robetis, do, do. — KUkd. « John Mercer Funk, Philadelphia, Lieut.~^4f John Ardliibsdd; N«w-York, citrp^enters crew-^Chrialim 11 ^^^r .■^ n^ CAPTURE OF THE JAVA. Clark, do. seaifieh— George Christopher, do. ordi'^ naiy seaman — George Mahar, do. do. — Wm. Jame«(^ «Jo. dd.-^ohn Laton, do. private marine^ — Wounded. Ofl board the Macedonian there were thirty six killed, and sixty- eight wounded. Among the. for- mer were the Boatswain, one Masters Mate and the School Master, and of the latter were tho first and third Lieutenants, one Blaster's Mate and two Mid- shipmeo. • * ^ince deadi —^ W ■ . : ' CAPTCEE OF THE 3JLYA. BY THE UNITED STJtTES FRIGATE 1 a* A*. CONSTITUTION^ COM WM. BAINBRIDGE, COMMANDER: '^ t.i ^f .v.- rmnodore Bainhridge to me Sdcreiaryofthe Navff. J k. r . .. .,>* «IB, tJ. Q. Frigate Constitution, St. Salvador, Jan. 3, 1813 n:; -■- HAVE the honor to inform you, that on the 29th ultimo, at 2 o'clock, P. M in south latitude 13, 6, and west longitude 3^, about ten leagues dis" tance from the coast of Brazils, I fell in with and cap"* lured his Britannic majesty's Frigate Java, of Forty- Mod Gunsyiuid uj^wardsof four hundred meO; conr- ^t( jr. w v^ JAPTCflE OF THE JAVA.^ 899 manded by Captain Lambept, a veiy distinguished officer. The actioq lasted one hour and fifty- tiv« minutes, in which time the enemy ^as cainpletely dismasted, not having a spar of any kin^X left standing, i^he loss on board the Constitution, was nine killed, and twenty-live wounded. The enemy' had sixty killed, and 100 and one wounded, certainly, (among the latter is Oapt. Lam- bert, mortally,) but by the enclosed letter, written on board the ship, by one of the officers of the Java, and accidentally found, it is evident that the enemy's wounded must have been much greater than as above stated, and who must have died of their wounds pre- vious to their being removed. The letter slates sixty killed, and one hundred and seventy wounded. For further details of the action, I beg leave to re- fer you to the inclosed extracts from my journal. — The Java had in addition to h«r own Crew^ upwards of one hundred supernumerary officers and seamen, lo join the British ships of war in the East-^Indies ; a,lso Lieutenant General Hislop, appointed to the com-^ mand of Bombay. Major Walker, and Capt. Wood, of his statf, and Captain Margin II, n:ja.isjjer and com- mander in the British navy, going to the East Indies to take command of a sloop of war there. . Should I attempt to do justice, by reprepentation, to the brave and good conduct of all my officers and ^ crew, during Ibe action, I should fail iu the atfempt ; . therefore suffice it to say, that the whole of their con- duct was such as to merit my highest erct miums. 1 beg leave to recommend the officers, particularly, to the notice of government, as also the unfortunate seamen who 'vere wounded, and the families of those brave mm who fel! in the action. . The great distance from our own coast, and the pcrfcct wreck we mad^ the ememj's Ffigate, forbid t very idea of attempting to take her to the UhitefV** S'tatts, and not cocsideili^g* it prudeut to tj:tistjh - It { ^ '^:Sat ^^"*''5«^¥fTf*' SRT «APTtm OF! TflE JAVA. into a port of Bmsihi, partieukirij St. Salvador, as you will perceive by the ^ncIoB^d letters, No. 1 . 2. akidS. I had DO alternative but Jniming her, which I did on the 4l8t ult. after receiving all the prisoners and their baggage, which was very tedious work, only having one boat left (out of eight) and* not one toft on board the Java. On blowing up the frigate Java, I proceeded to th!^ place, where! have landed all the prisoners on their parole, to return to England, and there remain until regularly exchanged, and not serve in their profes- sional capacities In any place or in any manner whatever against the United States of America, un(^ lllte exchange sliall be efifected. ]\ I have the honor to be. Sir, With the greatest respect, {Signed) W. BAINBRID6B. The Hon. P. Hamilton. BtITIIACT FROH CoMMODORE SUmBRIDOE^S JoURNAL, KEPr ON BOARD TB£ UiSHTJUl StAT£S FaiOAT£| CoNSTITU-riON. --^^v^^-- ..<^^-. .j^:;v^^--^^ ■r.>.w.i.;^i-'f'4:^*=JJ:: .•l! « Tuesday, l>ec. 20; 1812. *" At 9 o'clock, A. M. discovered two stran sails on the weather bow. At 10, discovered the strange sails to be ships ; one of them stood in for the land and the other stood off shore, in a direction towards us. At 10, 45, m. we tacked $hip to the northward and westward and stood for the sail stand- ing towards us ; and at 11, tacked to the southward and eastward, hauled up the mainsail and took in the royals. At 1 1 , 30 m. made the private signal for thfe day, which was not answ^ed, and Uien sat tlie mainsail and royals to draw the strange sail oififfrom «^ neutral coast mi Bepai|fite her from lijn^ sail in iKunany. *- ;eAPTURE OF THE JAVAr 301 .r, ^^' Wednesday^ flOlh Dec, (natiHcQl lime J^ln lat. 13, 6, S. long.'iJB, \V. tea leagues from the ^oast of Bra- zil, cumiueiic^s uiUi. clear weather anU modeiate bieezes from £. N. £. hoibfcd our cnsigo and penc^ aBt. At 1^ minutes past meridiao, tim. ship hoisted her colors^an English eneign, having a signal Hy- ing at her tpain. '' Ai 1, 26 m. P. M. being sufficiently from (he Ian*!, and finding the ship to be an English Fi:igate, took in (he mainsail and royals, tacked ship, and stood 1^ the enemy. At 1, 50 niin. the enemy bore down with an inteption of raking. us, which we avoi<^ed by wearing. ^ At 2 o'clock, the enemy being within half a mile of us,- and to windwardv.and haying hauled down his colors except the union jack at the mi- zenma4 head, induced me to give orders to the ofti- cerbf the 3d division to fire a gun ahead of the enemy, to make him show his colors, wliich being done, brought on a fire from us of the whole broadside, on which the eneniy hoisted hia colors, and immedi- ately returned pur fire. A general action, wjth round and grape, then commenced ; the enemy keeping at a much greater distance than I wished ; but could not bring him to a closer aclioa, wiihout exposing oui^- ^^elves to several rakes. Considerable manoeuvres wera made by both vessels to rake and avoid being raked. The following minutes were taken during the action ; — " At 2,. 10 minutes,, P., M. cdmmenced the action within good grape and canister distance, the enepay to windward, (hut much farther than I wished ) " At ^, 30 m. our wheel was shot entirely away. . ** Ai 2, 40 m. detei mined |o close with Iheeoemyi motwithstanding his raking. Bet the fore and uaiaiiM , Sail, and luffed up cbee tp bim. ^ . , " At $^^6 m. Uie enemy's jib boom, got foul of our mizen rigging. Bb ^ ??yW" ''ff^Bffv 'r^i^mf^W'S .,. * \'i!y 99i CAPTURE OF THE JAVA. ** At 3, the head of the enemy's bowsprit and jib- boom shot away by us. ** At 3, 6 m. shot away the enemy's foremast by the board. ** At 3, 15 BL shot away his main tomp-mast jast above the cap. *VAt. ii, 40 m. shot away the gaft and spanker boom. "At 3, 55 m. shot away his mizen-mast Bearl;^ by *he board. " At 4, 5 m. having silenced the fire of the ene- my completely, and Ms colors in main rigging being down^ supposed he Imd struck, then hauled down (he courses to shoot ahead to repair our rigging, which was extremely cut j leaving the enemy a complete wreck ; soon after discovered that the enemy's flag was stili flying. Hove too to repair some of our damage. " At 20 m. past 4, the enemies main- mast went nearly by the board. . " At 50 m. past 4, wore ship and stood for the enemy. . " At 25 m. past 5, got very close to the enemy id a very effectual raking position, athwart his bows ''"' and was at the very instance of raki^.^ him, when Ihe most prudently struck his flag ; — for had h** suf- ;&red the broadside to have raked him, his addition- « ai loss must have been extremely great ; as he lay an unmanageable wreck upon the water. After the enemy had strackj wore ship and reefed the .topsails ; then hoisted out one of the only two re- jmaifiing lioats we had left out of eight, and sent Lieut Parker, first of the Constitution, totakepos- e€?8ion of the enemy, whidi proved i&b(d Ills B.1II. Frigate Java, rated 38, but carrying 49 gons, and mapned with upwards of 400 men, obiiiailand^ t>y Cxapt. Lambert, a very distinguished oHm?' who was mortally ' wounded. The action cOi^t^MM from #coini2iencctR€Bt to the end/Of the fire, I hour and asaiii OAPTURB OF THB JAVA. 909 vm 65 minutes. iTbe ConiUtution bad killed and 2A wounded. The enemy had 60 killed, and 101 cer- ^bly woimded, but by a letter, written on board the Constitution by one of the oflScen of tke JaTS, aad accidentty found, it to erident the enemy^e wounded must hare been coniiderably greater than at akioTe stated, and who must have died of their wounds preTious to being removed. The letter states 60 kitted and 170 wounded. The Jmra had her own complement of men complete and upwards of iOO supernumeraries, going to join tlie British ^liips of war in tlie East- Indies ; atoo several oil- cers, paeeengers, going out on pfomotion. The Ibrce of the enemy in number of meo at the coi iQdencemeht of the action is no doubt considerat greater than we have been able to ascertain ; wh^ is upwards of 400 men. The officers were tremely cautious In discovering the number. , her quarter liill, she had one man more statkttlet^ t^ each gun tttan we had. The Constitution was very mudi cat in her satfs and rigging and many of her spars iio^ared. At 7 p. M. the boat returned with Lieut. Chads, the Ist liieut of the enemy's Frioite, and Lieut. Cren. Hislop, (appointed Qpv. of Bombay) Ml^or Walker and Capt Wood. ^ l_ Captain Lambert was too dimgeronsly w^wndea to be removed immediately. 7%e cutter returned on board the prize for the prisoners, and brou^t Captain Marshal, master and commander of 3ie British Navy, who was passenger on board, i^so several other naval officers. ^ ^. The Java was an important ship, fitted out in ih«*. completest manner tp carry Lieutenant* General fltis- lop and staff to Bom^y. List of killed and w^^iHsded on board the United States Frifste Constit^bn, under tbie command' of ponunom^ Wm. BAiiibiooc, in il action with nppiNPppm^'^fWH^w?? V CAl'TURE OF THE JAVA. ft. B. M. Frigate Jsva, Hrnry Lambert, Esq. com- iinnder, Dertfiiih^r 89, 1312. Kilftd.'^onM jgrahi, seaman ; Joseph Adams,' do. Patrick Conner, do. John Cheeves, da. Barney- Hart, do. Mirk Snow, do. Juhn D. Allen, do. Wil- liam Cooper, do. lliomaa Hanson, private marine. H'ounded. — William Bainbridge, Esq. command- er, severely, John C. Ay I win, Lieut, do. CImrlcs P. Waldo, mdster'ei mate, do. Peter Woodbury, quar-^ fer master, do. John Clements, seamen, do. Joseph P. Cheeves, do. i\o. Nicholas Vintram, do. allghtly ; Wllliara Long. ^o. dangerously ,• Stephen Webb, do. do. Reaben Laadaa, do. do. Joseph Ward do. severely ; Williftm Weaden, do. Blightly ; Enoa Baleman, do. dangerousljr ; James D. Hammond, do slightly ; Peter VenUB, do. severely j 8tepheu Shepherd, do. slightly ; Abijah Eddy, do. do. Phi- lip Cook, do. do. Philip Brimblecom, do. severe- ly ; Samuel Brown, ord. do. do. Daniel Hogan, do. ^lo. Tliomas Williams, Sd. do. slightly ; John Voyie, tir). Bevepoly ; Anthony River, private marine, ^tightly; John Erwell, do. dO". i (Signed) Amos A. Evans, Surgeon. R. C. LuDLiiW, Purser. WM. BAINBRtDaE. t^ nil iniiiii II .III I jMiji.iii^nipan«pMiHaiBBpMPi|IIPII|PIII| OArnmB or THE PEACOCK, BY THK UNITED BTATUa SLOOP 09 WAR THE HORNET. CAPTw JAMES LAWRfiHCB, COMMANDER- V. Staitt Sloo^ of War Hormt, \ OffSwrimm, Feb. 25, 1813. > .T half past three, P. M. discoTered ft strange sail bearing down fot tM— at 4, 20 ittiDUte*^ she hoisted Endifih eolors — at 4,30 m. beat to quar- ters and cleared shtfi for action, and baiileil close by th« wind in order to §^t the weather gimge of her — ftt 5, IObl hoisted American colors, tackfod ao4 stood for the enemy — at 5, 35 m. in passing each other, eachaoged broadsides within pistol shot — th« •neniy then wore and gave us their starboard broad- side — bore up close on her starboard ooarter, and kept up such a heavy and well directed ftre, that iri less than 15 minutes she made the signal of submis- sion, being cut to pieces — in five minutes after h&r maitimsst went by the boardr—sent our first Lieuten- ant on beard returned with her first lieutenant, who reported her to je his Britannic Majesty's brig? Feaco^ mounting 19 guns and 134 men — (hat her Coffiiiuittdir, Cspt. Peake, was killed in the action— Bb2 m 306 CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK. a great number of her men killed or wounded, and that she was sinking fast — dispatched the boats ini' mediately to take out the wounded and the rest of the prisoners, and brougth both vessels to anchor — but notwithstanding every exertion was made to save the crew, she unfortunately sunk, carrying down 19 of her crew, and 3 of my brave lellows. Lieut. Conner, Midshipman Cooper, and the re- mainder of our men employed in getting out the prisoners, with difficulty saved themselves by jump- ing into one of her boats stowed on the bcoms — four men were taken from (he foretop by our boats. We had one man I 'led, and two slightly wound- ed, I'he enemy bad eight killed, and twentyseve|i wounded. CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK, THE CAPITAL OP THE PROV^INCE OF UPPER CANADA. ♦ Cdpies of Letters from Major-General Dearborn, to the Secretary at War. H. QluarterSf York^ CapUal of Upper Canadaj ) SIR, April mh, 1813. WE are in full possession of this place, after « fsharp co]ii!i<>t, in which we lost some brnre oiO^Oers uml soldiei'S. ■ 4 .4ni^{;ilXJ»j.jfci-Ji]*jSfyisJi CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK. 30T General Sheaffe commanded Oie British troops, militia, and Indians, in per80D.^lift'l We stiall be prepared to sail for the next object of the expedition the first farorable wind. ' I have to lament the loss of the brare and active BrigadierGieneral Pike. I am with the highest respect, &c. H. DEARBORJf. The Hon. Gen. John Armstaono, '''^- Secretary of Wary Washington, >. - . • ■ ■ ■ - » H. Qtuxrters, York, Capital of Upper Canada, > h JprillSth, 1813. J SIR — After a detention of some days by adyerse: winds, we arrived at this place yesterday morning,- and at eight o'clock commenced landing the troops, about three miles westward from the town, and one and a half from the enemy's works. The wind was high and in an unfavorable direction for the boats, which prevented the landing of the troops at a clear. Qeld, the scite of the ancient French Fort Tarcnto. It prevented also many of the armed vessels from^ taking positions, which would have most eflfectually covered our landing — ^but every thing that could be done was effected. The riHemen under Major Forsyth first landed^? under ahfa^v fire fr^m thejudians anil other troops. Gen. SheriJI'b commanded in person. Jle had col- lected his vtrk)}e force in the woods near the point vvh^re the wiinl compelled our troops to land. Ris force consisted fif seven hundred regulars and miii- Ua, and one hundred Indians. Major Forsyth was supported as promjitly as possible ; but the contest was snarp and severe for near half an hour, and th^ enemy were rejmlsed by a number far inferior ta theirs. As soon as Gen. Pike landed wltii seven or. eight hundred men, and the remainder of the troops were pusMiig fur the shore the enemy retrcatudjlo 4KSk ip ^mmm^ 90i CAjnWBSSi OF UTIUB YOtK. tbck wbritti Our trbio^ mew sow YoroiMi on the g;round origiiiaUy intoiid«4 for tkeir landlni^, mark- ed tbfoai^a thiok trood, and ftfler Mrryieg one battery by assiMiit, w«re motvSng in colWDBS^towardft Hn mata Vfotk ; whe& wMb^ shct^ rodd of this a tremenduous explosion took place robi a magasine preriously prepared, afid n^ikeh tbrew out meh im- mense ^oantitfee of stone as most seriously to in- jure our troo|ia. I hme not yet been able to col- lect the returns of the hilled and woimded ; but our loss will I fear exceed one hundred ; and among these I^ave to lament the losa of thai brateand excellent officer, Brig. Gen. Pike, who receiyed a (Rmtiision (Vom a lai^ stone, whtdh terminated his valuable life within a few houid. His Um will b#' seycrely felt. Previously to this explOsiOB the enemy had re^' tired Into the town, eicepting a party or regulars,; to the iMBiber of forty, who &d not escape ttie ef- ibets of the shock, and were destroyed. • Gen. ShealTe moved off with the r^gshr troops^ and left direction with the eoraBiandlng officer ol the miiitice to General Lewis of our approaeti. I have the honor to be, sir, Uc. H.DEARBORN. The {fan. Gen. John Armstrongs jSecretdry of War^ Washington. P^SiPWi^iiipp $tik OAfT^lBLE OF LITTLB TORK. Extras from Commodore baae Chaimujft L^ikf^ t» theSeerekuryofiheNavifire^peding&eCap^^ IMle York. IN censeqiience of the fall of General Pike, the, oommand of the troops deTolved, for a time^ upon CoLEieroey who soob after took possession of the t^wn. At about 2 o'clock) P. M. the American flag, was substituted for the Br itbib, and at 3» our tAK>p8> were iu quiet possession of the town.. . As soon as General Dearborn learnt the situation of Gen, Pice,/ he landed and assumed the commaDd. I have the honor of inclosing « copy of the GapitiiMoii whlofr was entered into^ and approved by Gen. ]pte|uii(|ra- a^d myself. The enemy set fire to some of the Hmncipal stores,. Qontahiing large quantities of Nftral and Military atofeS) as well as a large ship upon the stoelemearly^ ISMshed — the only vessel fouod here is the Dake ofi ^ktucester, undergoing repairs. The Prince Regent^ lel]t iMf on the 2Mh for Kmgston^ W« have not yel: Jiftd a returub made of the Naval and Afilitary aleiee^' oonsequently can form no correct idea of tins quand^ ty^ but have made arrangements to have all ti^non. htfpard tliat we can receive, the rest Will^ be dertroyedi IJuive to regret the deaith of Midshipmen Thomp^^. SOB and Hatl^ld^ and several seamen— 4he exact? number I do not know^ as the retairos from &e difb ffreat vessels have not yet been r^eived. From the judicioas arrangements made by General^ Dearborn, I presume that the public stores mil be disp^tiid e^ 90 that 4tie troops will be ready to re-em^ i bai^ to-morrow, and proceed to exettlte-oCAeFaiC^eiieb.^ of the expiidition the first fair wind. ^ u I cannot speak in too much praise of the coolinf^ trepidity of ^ officers and men gene rally, underm^f • . f /m CAFTimE GP LITTLE TORI. 511 Command, and t feel myself particniarlj indebted tQ tile officers comniandiDg tessels for their zeal in se« oonding all my views. 1 have the honor to be, ^ Very respectfially, Sir, '■^ l^our most obedient servant, ! ISAAC CHAUNCEY. ^^ Hon. WijLii.iAM Jones, t^ Secretary of the Navy^ Washington, f -I Hefms of CapUukdion entered into on the 27 th day of ^ ^fjrUj 1813, fir the awrrendtr of the town of York^ '^ in Upper Canada^ to th6 Army and Navy of the United SfateSf under the coinnumd of Major-Qen, * Vearbom and Commodore Chmmcey : That the troops, regular and militia, at ^s poa^ and the naval officers and seamen, shall be surreiF dered prisoners of war. The troops, regular and mi<- litia, to ground their arms immediately on parade^ and the Naval officers and seamen be immi^ateiy surrendered. That all public stores, Naval and Military, shall be immediately given up to the commanding officers of the Army aud Navy of the United States, and that all private property shall t>e guaranteed to the citizens of the town of York. That aH papers belonging to the civil officers ahaU be retained by (hem — that such surgeons as may be procured to attend the wounded of the British regiir iars.and Canackan miHtia, sbaU nothe considered w prisoners of 'war. That one Lieutenant-Colonel, one Majoc, thirteen CaptaiDS, nine Lieutenants, eleven- EnsigNS, one ^llarte^nIaster, and one Deputy- Adjutant Gekieral of the mitttia, namely. : Lieut. Col. Chewitt ; Major Allen ; Captains John Wiiion, John Button, Peter Robinson, Reuben Rich- 312 CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK. jirdson, John' Arnold, James Fentvick,^ James Mus- lard, Duncan OaniierQn, David Thorasou, John Rob- inson, Bami^ei Rtdoubt) Thomas Hamilton, John Burn,.Wm. Jarvie ; * ^ . Quarter Master Charles Baynes ; liicuts. John H. Shuitz, George Mustard, Baniet Vebderburch, Robert Stanton, George Hidoubt, Wm. Jarvis, Edward M'Mahoo, John Wilson, JUy Playter;, it Ensigns Andrew Thonr>pso*n, Alfred penally, Don- ald IVr Arthur, Wm Smith, Andrew Mercer, Jameis ' €he\Titt, George Kink, Edward Thompson, Cjiarles Denisbn, George Denison, Darcey Buulton ; Nineteen Serjeants, four corporals, and two h4in4* red and four rank and tile. i Of the Field Traii^ Department, W. Dunbar. >t . Of the Provinchil Navy, Capt F. Govereaux. »^ * Midshipmen John Ridont, and Louis Baupre. Lieut. Green ; Jas. Langsdon, clerk ; one boat* swain ; t5fteen naval artificers ; * Of his majesty's regular troops, Lieut. De Koa- Ten ; one Serjeant-Major ; » And of the royal artillery ; one bombadier and three gunners ; • * y Shall be surrendered as prisoners of war and ac- countei 1 for in the exchange of pHsoners between the United States and Great Britain. f (Signed) ,^ G. S MITCHELC, tt€ol.3dA.'U: SAMUEL S. CONNER, Maj. and A. D. C. to Maj Qen. Dearborn. WfLLLAM Kir^G, Maj. 15th U. S. Infantry, JESSE D ELLIOT, Lieut U. S. PTavy. ^ W. miEWrrr, Lieut. Col. comd'«. 3d fteg. York Militia. .« .. W. - ALLEN/ Mftjor 3d Reg. York Militia. G GAURREAU, Lieut. M. Dpt. CA'PtURB OP FeRT GfEORCnS. 313 ' After the battle of York, the goremmeiit buihl- iogs, barracks, ^t. were destroy ed — all the public stores which could not be brou^t away, shared tlie same fate — and the town entirety evacuated on the lat of May, the militia prisoners parulM and the troops embarked — ^but owmg to contrary winds, the fleet, consisting of 16 or 17 sail, did not leave IJttle York, until the 8th. In the afternoon of that day, they arrived at Four Mile Greek, below Fort Niagara, and landed the troops and public property. 'On Sunday evening, two Schooners under com- mand of Lieut. Petegrue, having on board J 00 pick- ed men under Capt. Willoughby Morgan, of the 12tfa Regt. SftHed for the head t)f Lake Ontario, for the purpose of seizing a quantity of public stores. On their arrival they found the public stores guard* cd by about 80 regulars ; the guard retreated before our men landed ; the stores were brought away, and thie public buildings burned. — The eiipedition rie~ turned witfaiu a few days, without loss. CAf TUEE OF FORT GEORGE, Cojms of letters from Major QcnertU Dearborn to th^ Secretary qf War. % Fort Ga^orge, Upper Canada, > '. May 27, 1813. \ SIR— The fight troops under the command of Colonel Scott and Major Fosyihe, landed this morn- ing at 9 o'clock. Major-General Lewis's division wifh Col. Porter's command of light arUIIery, sup- ported them. Gen Boyd's brigade landed imme- meaiately after the light troops,' and Gens. Winder Cc .■>■:■ ^i 3J4 CAPTURE Q¥ FORT OfiORGE. and Chandler followed in quick succession. The landing was warmly and obstinately disputed by the British forces ; but the coolness and intrepidity of » our troops soOn compelled them to give ground in ^ every direction. Gen. Chandler with the reserve, (composed of his brigade and Col. Macomb';^ ar- ^ tillery) covered the whole. Com. Chauncey had » the most judicious arrangements for silencing the ^ enemy's batteries near the point of landing. The ^ army is under the greatest obligations to that able ■. naval commander for his co- operation in all its im- , portant movements, and especially in its operationsk i this day. Our batteries succeeded in rendering . Fort George untena1)Ie ; and when the enemy had ' been beaten from his positions, and found it neces- sary to re-enter it, after firing a few guns and set- ; ting fire to the magazines, which soon exploded, he » moved ofif rapidly by different routes. Our light troops pursued them several miles. The troops : having been hnder arms from 1 o'clock in the morn- ing, were too much exhausted* for any further pur- suit. We are now in possession of Port George and its immediate dependencies' — to-morrow we shall . proceed finder on. - The behaviour of our troops, both officers and men, entitles them to the highest jpraise : and the difference in our loss with tliat of tiie enemy, when we consider the advantages his positiois^ afforded him, is astonishing. We had 17 kilted and 45 wounded. The enemy had 90 killed.^, Hthi 160 wounded of the regular troops. We have tuken 160 prisoners, exclusive of the wounded. — Ool. Meyers, of the 49th, was wounded and taken prisoner. Of ours only one' commissioned officer ^ wtts killed, Lieut. Hobart of the light artillery.— ^n- -j closed is the report of Major General Lewis. I have the honor to be, sir, with great, considera- tioii and respect, jmt most obedient servant. H. DEARBOIr^^. Hon. Gen. ^nnstrongy Sccretarif at H^qr, Ira- CAPTURE OP F*ORT 6E0R0E. ^6 On the field 1 o'chck, 27th May. BisAR Sir — ^Fort George and its dependencies are ours. The enemy, beaten on all points has blown up his magazines and retired. It is impossible at this moment to say any thing of individaal gallant- ry ; there WBS.no man who uid not perform his duty, in a manner which did honor to himself and poun* try. Scott*s and Forsyth's commands, supported by Boyd's and Winder's brigades, sustained the bnmt of the action. Our loss is trifling, perhaps not more than 10 killed, and twice that number wound- ed. T'he eneoiy has left in the hospital 124, and I sent seyeral on ^board the fleet. — ^We have also made i^bout 100 prisoners of the regular forces. I ain, dear sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant. . ' BK)RGAN LEWIS. Major Genera! De^r^orn, Com. m (hSkt of the Northern Arn^. * jRi^^um <^ihe h^ 9f^h^ Army of the V- Slaiea in |ftc ^_ actimoftb£%7thqfMay, 1813. : . ' [^ The light troops im^ (ike coiitmrn^ J^ Ideut, Cok Seo/^Q^pt. Roach of the 234 infantry, pounded ; ^ lit. Sweariogen, do. ; 23 noo-ceiinmipsiondd oflicers ^luid priTates, killed ; 64 djo. WQunded-^total S9. Oeh. 1>wm' JD*vtium---l8t, or febydV brigade, Ct. ypt. A. Hobart, killed ; rank and file, l wounded. ^ 6th Regt. Iitft. Capt. Aifowsmitb, wounded ; rat^k ; and file, Skilled, 16 wounded. * 15th Regt. Inft. Mak>r fcngj trounded ; rank and (^1 kfl|sd, 6 wounded. IStli Eegt. Inft. Capt. Stf^el, wounded ; rank and IHe, 8 killed and 9 wounded. N. Y. Volunteers, rank and file, 4 wounded. Mor Winders' brigade, rank and file, 6 wounded: Bdj orChemdier^ hngade — Kone. Of ffie wounded, but 61 have been sent to thje hospital* The wounds of the otjtiers are very slight. '^1 ate. w^- AN ATTkBK Om UMurn of Oie loss of the enemy in killed, woundetf, and taken^ in the action of the H3th May, 1 8 W. Killed, 108, ' . ,,. Prifoners-^Wounded, 1 Colonel, 3 subAlterns^T jcrjeanto and I A2 rank and file, 163. ^fot mounded, 1 Capt I subaUern 1 surgeon, 8 teijeanti and 102 rank and filc-^13. Total loss of the enem j 3SA Mllitta pait)Ie4 607 n- <..-. 8»3 Ac»'t Adj't General. — « — AH ATTACK ON .» * SACKET'S HABBOB. \M Extract of a letter from Brigadier-Oenerai JaeoB ti>^.BrQnm, to Hk. Excellency Oovcmofi ToiUfi/dMi dat- ed *^Sackot'9 Harbor^ May 20, 1843. 5>5VE were attacked at the dawn of this day, by al^Hish re|;iilar force, of at least niqe hundred men., most prehahiy 1200. They nia4e go^d their land- Jn$ jit Uorse- Island. The eneniy's fleet consisted of iwo ships and. four achre. and tbiHy large open -ItiiQat^.' , We ate completely Ticlorioiis. 'The enemy |o^t> coDsiderahiq number of kiU^d and wounded — on the' field, among the nUinber, several officers ^ oC (^stinfttkm^^^After haFinf^ rQ-embarke4 they aent mc a flag, ^lesiring to have their killed and wouniitetl aUeaded to. I uuide Uiem satisfied os that sn^^ect. Jinericam iviil bei distinguished ^ hu^namt^ ^anil himm^y, Oor loss i$ not numor6u6y but t^ilOus, . from the great ^orth of those who have falM;^ »€^- V)Q^1 Mi Its was shot dead at the iym^»msaamX'^ SACKBTS HARBOR, 317 the action ; and 061. Backur, of the first regimeDt fight dragoons, nobly felt at the head of his i;egi« ment, as Tictory was declaring, for as. I will not presume* to praise this regiment ; their galEuit Hon' daet on this dleiy merits mach more than praise. The new ship, and Couk Chauncey's prise, the Duke of Gloucester, is yet safe in Saciiet's Hait>or. Sir George Provost landed and comnumded in per- son. Sir James Yeo, commanded the enemy's tktt. In haste, yours, &tc. JACOB BROWN. Repwfqflhe killed, wounded, and ^nissingyin the ac- Hon of the i9(h May, 1813, at SackeVs Harbw. Killed-^iO privates, regulars, and I volunteer. Woimded^h hi. Col. 3nd Lieutenants, 1 em sign, 7 non-commissioned officers, 1 musician and 68 privates, regulars, and 1 musician and 2 privates volunteers. ^ ^ , . Missing-—^ noh - tupe.^ The enemy report the loss of Mr. Watt, their t^ Lieut, 'i- the purser; the eaptain's derk, and SSB If': ilfS^.. '<'*-*mnqipp||inii n ii|||imnif>riTCni seamen killed; and Captain Broke, a nudsbipmaiT; And 56 fieamen woun<]ed The Shannon had, in addilion to her ''ill comple* went, an officer and 16 men belonging to the Belle Ppale, and » part of the «rew belongiog to the Ten- €|Io8. I hate the honor to be, with Tery great respect, ^c> , GEORGE BUD1>. • jt!he Hbn. William Jones, . '' Secretary of the Navf, WaBhingtoOh. Liil of kiUed and rmtnded severefy^ f and near 100 seai^ men woundedr '--. ■•' ' '■ , ' ^ ^ H Tus late actfon bretween the CJwtccpeake and i^nnony may justly be considered as a victory on the part of the Americans. While it was conducted upon fair and honorable principles the advantage was evidently on (he side of the Cliesapcake. That bet. £re was much more vivid and effectual is nroved by. the faet of its having carried away the jib-ltoom and Ibre and mizen rayU .aiasts of the enerny, irHilst \L: does not appear thai the Chesapeake io^ a aingto spar. When the Frigates closed, the Shannon ttireit,|^ on b^oard the Ciiesapeako an immense body of «a»fv hmtihks and infiantmable matter (like an m^siWsMt MACutNe of'new and horrible CQHtii ruction) wbt^ #OTe loped the Cb&;>t.^cak« io a Toluine of Same t^ ■7fA, LOSS OF TE(fi CHlBSAPfiAKE. JSKt rery tops ! Of the ^estraction and confusion whieH must have ensued, it is not probable that any one who was not preMnt can fomi> an adequate idea. Immediately after the ei^losioo, the Shannon board- ed; and fit>mrig8, one schooner aiid one slooP) have this moment surreudered to tiie ffxee under my command) aft<)r •} sharp conjQict I have the honor to be, Sir, very respectftilly. Your obedient seryant, O. H. PERRY. The Hon. William Jones, Sectetary of the Navy, Wmhington, . €opy of a letter from Commodore PcaaT^ to the Becretary of the Navy. U, S, Schooner Ariel^ Put-in-Bay^ > SepL 13, 1»13. y — Iw my last, I informed you that we had cap* the enemy's fleet on this lake. " have now honor to give you the mest importi.nt pariicn- liira of the miction. On the morning of the 1 0th iusrt. at sun risoi they were discovered from Put-iu-Bsy, • ifU uU(^dK«L2d^4^ni^Hh^&'fil '''t.~jAJt^ J PEKRY^S NAVAL VrCTORY. 5«3 when I lay at anchor with the scfuadrork under my command. We got under weigh, the wind hght at S W. and stood forjthem. At 10, A. M. the wind hauled to S. E. and brought us to windward : form- ed the line and bore up. At 15 minutes before twelve, the enemy conuneaced firing ; at 5 minutes before twelve the action commeiaced on our part. Finding their fire very destructive, owing to. their long guns, and its being mc *)tly directed at the Law- rence, I made sail, and directed the other vessels to follow for the purpose of closing with the enemy. E^ery brace and bowline being soon shot away she became iinmac;:geable, notwithstanding the great exertions of the sailing master. In this situation she sustained the action upwards of two hours within canister distance, until every gun was rendered use< less, and the greater part of her crew eiUier killed or wounded. Finding she could no longer annoy the enemy, I left her in charge of Lieut. Yamnll, who, I was convinced from the bravery already displaced by him, would do what would comport with the honor of the flag At half past two, thf wind sp-Jng- ing up, Captain Elliott was enabled to being his ves- sel, the Niagara, gallantly into close action ; I imme- diately went on board of her, when he anticipated my wish by volunteering to bring the schooners which had been kept astern by the lightness of the wind) into close action. It was with unsjieakable ^mn that I saw, soon after I got on board the Niai^ara, ^isw ^£% of the Lawrence come down, although 1 was '^3^ '^^'t^y sensible tb^t&he had been defended to the ki' ^ ..if that to have continued to make a show of resis^«i ^e would have been a wanton sacrifice of the remains of her brave crew. But the enemy was net able to id\'^ possession of her, and circumstances soon permiUed her tlag again to be hoisted. At 45 minutes past two the signal was made for " cloao action." The Niagara being very little injured, X fctermined to pass through the enemy's line, bore :.£££ 38f4 PfiRRrS NAVAL VWTmCT. up and passed ahe&d of their two ^ps and a brig, giving a raking fire to them from the starboard guns, aAd to a large schr. and sloop, from the larboard side at half pistol shot distance. The smaller ves- sels at this time having got within grape and canister distance, under the direction of Capt. Elliott, and keeping up a well directed fire, the two ships, a brig, and a schr. ^arcendered, a schr. and a sloop making a f^ain attempt to escape. 'Those officers and men who were immediately under my observation evinced the greatest gallant* ry, and i have no doubt that all others conducted themselves as became American Officers and Sea- men. Lieut. Yarnall, first of the Lawrence, although several ti^iaes wounded, refused to quit the deck. Midshipn. r 'P' ^rrest (doing duty as Lt.) auds«iling master Ta> were of great assistance to me. I have great pam in stating to you the death ot Lieut. Brook of the marines, and Midshipman Laub, both ^t>f the Lawrence, and Midshipman lohn Clarke, of "the Scorpion : they were valuable and promi»ng officers. Mr. Hainbleton, purser, who volunteered iijs services on deck, was severely wounded late in the action. Midshipman Claxton and Swartwout of the Lawrence, were severely wounded. On board of the Niagara, Lt. Smith and Edwards, and Mid* shtpman Webster (doing duty as sailing master) behaved in a very handsome manner. €apt. Bre- voort of the army, who acted as a volunteer in the capacity of a marine officer, on board that vessel., is an excellent and brave officer, and with his mus- Uetry did great execution. Lt. Turner, command- ing the Cah donia, brought that vessel into action in the most able manner, and is an officer that in all fiittiatiaQS may be relied on The Ariel, Lt. Packet, ftnd Scorpion, saUiiig master Chan»ptiir, were CBa- bled to get early into action, and were of great service Capt. Elliott speaks in the highest terms of Mr. Magmth, purser, who had been dispalcbed ■iT. m ■i^,.^^Jt.jM.:^iiL. t.X-u:. 1#IR#S I^AVAL VlO^bftV. ^ 5ii V bdirf (Wl'^^ice previous to my getting' od tioard the Niagara ; and, being a seaman, since the aetioD has rendered essential' service in taltidg '•charge of one of the prizes. Of Capt.^fliottj a^- "ready bo weM known to the government," it would be almost superfluous to sp^ab. tn this acfibn he '#^iic ' his characteristic bravery and ju%mentf 'and, binC0 the dose of the actiori, has giv^ me Ihd most able and essential assistance. ^^ ■ I have the honor to enciose you a return of the liiltecf and wounded, together tvith a htaiemM ofthc relative fohse of the squadrons. The* Capt. and first Lfeut. o^ the Queen C^Hotte, Itod flr&t Lieuf. V)f the Detroit ^ere killed— Capt. Biii-clay, senioir officer, and' the commander of tfte 'Lady Prey^ost, ■^eterely wounded . The K^mmiindW of the l^^uriter and €hippeway slightly wbulSded; 'their loss in kilted and wounded, I have not fei been at>Ie to as- j^;ertain, it must however been v«y great. Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, siiii ^our obedient servant. Q, ]H. PERRXj, The Hon. William Jones, See^i^iiisr oftijer" Perry. Iriely Put-in-Bat/j > er 13fA, 1813. ( *' Extract of a Letter from'I^Jfttomoi U. S. St^ooner^'' ' ' SIR— r liave .cause^ ^||^risuners tajk^ b ob th^ ^0 instant, to be landed at Randusky, and have re- quested Gen.. Harrison to have the mi marched to Chillicothe, and there t^ait until you^ pleasure $h^U bf known respecting them - 1^ The Law|-ence haf been ii^ entirely cut np^ltis absolutely necessaiy sfafBltliOuld go into ^ safe har- bor, £ have therefore nirecfed Lieut, Yamall to pro- (geed tQ Eriejn her, with the wounded, of the jfeet, aiid. dismaritle and get her Qi^er l^e bar, as soon -at possible. Tbe two ships in A heavy sea this day fjt anchfli* lost tlieir masts, being much injured ia the acr If In ft p ik>ii. I shall haul ttiem into the Miner baf at this ||ta«e and mo&ir them for the present. The Detroit is A «erae kabte line ship, sails well, and is very strongly jbtiilt| . The Queen Charlotte i&a much «apei^Qr resmm to what has been represented. The lAdy i*ce¥3g*'^ « ^' H. PERRY. TOe Hoh.^lTj^* M»ii?% Becrctary of the Navy. United States Squadron* gons do. 4^^. (1 burst early inaction.) ' 54 goids— 2 swivels. i , The exact mMier of the enemy's force nai^ ijot been ascertained, but Ihave good reason to beKeve tlmt it ^K«|*ded euts by nearer oae fciiiidred iaciii StaUment of Vie, Brig Lawrence Niagara Cal^onia 3chr. Arid. .,>«Scorpion stoop Trippe Bcbr. Tigress ^. .l^-*^ PERRIT'S NAVAL VIOTOW. *2t TasI of ihe icUkd find wounded on board the U, % Squadront under the eomtnand of O. H. Perr^, ' Esq. in ike action of the lOth Sept. 1813, rt^. Kilkd. Wounded.^ On board the Lawrencei 22 6t . On board the Niagara, Z ^5 '' On board the Calcftoiiia^ ^ "^6^ 3 On board the Somers^ 6> 2 On board tiie Ariel, f S On boai^ the Trtppe, «r IK " On board the Porcopine,. ^ ft' On board the Scorpioiv 2 Onboard the Tigi^ 9 27 96 Total, 1^ e. SHAMBLETON, Purser; O. H. PERRY, Captain, and Senior Officer. t. Statefher^oftheforceofthe British Squadron. 6hip Detroit 19 guns — 1 on a pivot and Z howitzers. Queen Cbarlottie ITclb'. » do. Schr. Lady Prevost ladOk I do»^ .Brig. Hunter It) do.. Sloop Little Belt Sito. » '' /, Schr. Chippeway I do. and' 2 switefe. 66 guns-— 4 howitzers— -2 swivels.— Total, 72. ^ote-r-The Detroit is ft new ship, very stron^fy built, and monnts long^^ is's and l^'s. V. S, B. Ntagarayoffthe Western Sfttf<^, head of \ Lake Erk, Sept. 10, IS\3: 5 WE have met the enemy and fl^ey, fire durst Two Ships, tWo.Brigs, one Schooner^ and one. SJTodp. Yours, With great iresjfiect, &lc. H. PERfe ^ajor-Gemrm Harrison. _^. aaa> -flARRisoN'S victory. ^;. * September nihym^r\. 0£AR Sm» ^ . W'e kiRTe a great Bumber of prisoners, which I wish to hmd : Will you be so good as to order a guard to receivre; ami inform me the place? considerable numbers hiive been killed and. wounded on both sides. From the best information, we have more prisoners than, we have nien on board our Tessela. ; , In gre%t haste, yonr's* very truly. ' ) .-".;:: €/.. H. P£RRz * General Harrison. « r-2X.- W W m 9?' IMterfiom Cpm. Perry to ilU Secretary ^ihe Nqvj;, U. S. Schooner Ahucl, off Portaaje River, ) .. September 20) 1813. J JBlR — Shice t I«st did myself the honor of writing you^ the vessels under my command have been em- ployed in moving the army from the camps at Port- age river and Fi^rt Meigs to Put in Bay. A consid- erable body of troops have already arrived at that place. ; Vi&ry respectfully, I have the honor to bc^ &.c. !? OH" PERRT. Captuiub ti» THE British and Inoiai^ fosces .. y. Shel-^ by's i^olimteers as were fit for a rapid march, the wholl amounting to about 9500 men. To GlenlM* Arthur, with iibout 700 efiectives, the protecting of this place and the sick were committed. Oen. Cass's brigade and the corps of Lieut. Col. Ball, wet^ left at Sandwich, with orders to follow me as soon as the men received their knapsacks, and bhinkets, which had been left on an island in Lake Erie. The unavoidable dela;f at Sandwich was attended with no disadvantage to us. Gen. Proctor had posted himself at Dalson^s, on the right bahk bf the l^ames, (or Trench) 56 miles from tiiis place^ where, I was in* tbrmed, he intended to fortify^and wait to receive me. He must have believed^ however, that I had no ^posi- tion to follow him, or that he had secured my continu- ance here, by the reports that were circulated, that the Indians would attack and destroy this place, upon th^ advance of the army-^as be neglected to commence the breaking np the bridgea,uhfil the night of t&e 2d inst. On that night our army reached the river, which is 25 miles from Sandwich, and is one of four streams cross- ing our route, over all of which are bridges, and being deep and muddy, are unfordable for a considerable dis- tance into the countrjr. The bridge here was found entire, and in tt^ morning I proceeded with Johnson's regiment to save if possibte the others. At the second bridge, rni8iioD of our advance. The bridge having been :ni- Ij^fectly destroyed, was soon repaired, and tlwft army encamped at Drake's farm, 4 miles below Dalson's. « T^eTlwimes, along the banks of which our route lay, is a Sue deep stream, navigable for vessels of consider- Dd2 am HARRISON'S ViCTaRT a)Ue< burthen, after the paeeaga of the bar at its mouth ovef which there is six and a half feet water. The baggage of the army waa brought front Detroit io boats, protected by S Oun Boats, which Com. Perry- had fiirnuihed for the purpose, as well as to Go?er the passage of the army over the Thames itself, or the moiith of its tributary streams; the banks being low and Uie country generally open, (Prairies) as high as Dalson'g, these vessels were weH caleulated for that purpose. Above Dalson's, however, the character of ^e river and adjacent country is considerably changed.; The former, though still deep, is very narrow and ita hanks high and woody. The Commodore and myself,, therefore, agreed upon the propriety of leaving the boata under a guard of 1 50 infantry, and I determined to trust to fortune and the bravery of my troops to effect the passage of the river. Below a place called Chatham^ and four miles above Dalson's is the third unfordable branch of the Thames : the bridge over its mouth had been taken up by the Indians, as weH as that at McGre- gor's Mills, one mile above ; several hmidred of the In-; dians iHBmained to dispute our passage, and upon the arrival of tlie advanced guard, commenced a heavy fire from the opposite bank of the creek as well as that of 4he liver. Believing that the whole force of the en- emy was there, I halted the «rmy, formed in order of battle, and brought up our two six pounders to cover the party that was ordered to repair the bri^^ ; a few shot from those pieces soon drov« ^ the ind^ns, ar 1 ena- bled ds iio two hours to repair the bridge, and cross the troops.. . CoL Johnson's Mounted Regiment being upon the right of the army, had seized upon the remains of the bridge at the Mills under a heavy fire from the iiTh dians. Oar loss on this Qoeasion, was two killed and' three or four wounded. — ^That of the enemy was ascer*^ tain«d to be much greater.-*^ hotise near the bri^e conraininf a very , considerable number of muskets, ha^> been set on fire^ Init was extis^ished by our trjdep^ and fte aims firved.' ■ .. . ^.^-.-.ii *l^ HARRIBON'S TICTaRf. 33£ ips, At the first farm abovii the bridge, we found one o^ the enemy's vessels on fire, loaded wKb arms and ord- nance stores, and learned that tbt|r wer« afew miles* aheaiil of us, still on the right bank ef the rirer with Ihe* l^re&t body of the Indians. At Bowles'a (arm, 4 mile9« &om the bridge, we halted for tiie nigbtr found twoCli-: er vessels and a large distillery filled with ordnance aad other Faluable stores to an immense amount in flameA — it was impossible to put out the fire — 2 24kpoundetfy, with (heir carriages were taken and a large, quantity of balls and shells oi Tarious sizes. '^ The army was put; in motion early on the morning of the fifth, I pushed on^ in advance with the Monnted Regiment and requested^. Got. Shelby to follow as expeditiously as possible with, the infantry ; the Governor's zeal and that of his menr enabled them to keep up With, the cavalry, and by nine o'clock, we were at Arnold's Mills, having taken in tbe^ course of the morning two Gun boatSy and aeireral bat-^ teaux loaded with provisions and ammunition. A rapid at the river at Arnold's Mills afibrds the oii% ly fording to be met with for a very considerable dis-^ lance, but upon examination, it was found too deepj for the tnfentry. Having, howevejr, fortunately taken two "or three boats and some Jbdian canoes on tiie spot^ and obliging the horsemen to take a footman behind; each, the whole were safely crossed by 12 o'cIock«r- Eight miles from the crossing we passed a farm,.- where a part of the British troops bad encamped the night be- fore, under the command of Col Warburton. The de«r tachment with Gen. Proctor had arrived the day before*, at the Moravian towns, 4 miles higher up. Being now.^: certainly near the en^my, I directed the advance of. Johnson's regiment to accelerate their march for the^ purpose o^ procuring intelligence. The officer corny manding it, in a short time, sent to inform me, that 1^^ progress was stopped by the enemy, who were formeilt across our line of march. One of the eiiflmi^^ wq^% goners being also taken prisoner, frOm the inliMrmatiqi|[r^^ received from him, and mj own ohservatiQii^ assiste^^r ■f sn ■^ HARRISON'S VlGTORr. hytdthe of mf oAeertf soon aseerttinetl ctfotigfiLor Chfiir posUioii and order of battle, to determine thaf, wbtoh it was propet for me to adopt. I hare the honor herewith to enclose yen my general order of the 27th ult. prescribing the order of march, itnd of battk wlien the whole army should act together. Botas the ntmiberaud description of the troops hadbeeo' ^MentiaHy changed, since the issuing of the order, it be- came naeessary to make a correspoodhig alteration in their disposition. From the place where our army was hat baited, to the Moravian towns a distance of about three md a half miles, the road passes through a beach Ibrest without any clearing, and for the first two mile» Hear to the bank of the riTer. At from two to 309 gratds from the river, a swamp extends parallel to ft, througihout the whole distaaee. The intermediate ground is dry, and although the trees are tolerably Biick, H is in many places clear of underbush. Across this strip of land, its left uqqwyed upon the river, sup-' ftorted by artiUery placed in the wood, their right in (he swamp covered by the whole of the Indian force Uie Britiflh troops were drawn up. The troops at my disposal consisted of about 120 i^golars of the 27th regt. five brigades of Ken- lucky volunteer milkia infantry, under his Excellency Gov. Shelby, averaging less than 600 men, and, col. Johnson's Regiment of Mounted Infantry, making in the whole an aggregate somethitig about 3000. No disposition of an army opposed to an Indian force can 1^ safe unless it is secured on the ilauks and in th6 rear. I had therefore no difficulty in arranging the Infantr^ confocjnably to my geheraiordet of battle. Gen. Trot*- ter's brigade of 500 men, fonned the frontline, his right upon the road and his left upon the' Swamp. Gen'i King^ brigade as a second line, 1 60 yards In the rear of Trotter's and Chiles' brigade as a corps of reserve uitili^ rear of it. These three brigades formed the comniaTid of Major General Henry; the whole of Gen. Ddsha'a' division, consiftling of two brigades, were (atuie^eii^ ,poknce upon tht^^eft of Trotter. tout.. HARR18WS VfOTOWft ^ Whilst I was engaged kk^ormim^H^ ykatfy, I hii^ directed Col, Joh»i to take ground to tiie left, and formkig upon that flank to endeaTor to tmn the right of thu IndJans. A moments reflecti convinced that it would succeed. The Ameritan bacii woodsmen ride better in the woods than any other peo< pie. A musket or rifle is no impediment to them^ be«4 ing accustomed to them from their earliest youth. If^ was persuaded, too, that the enemy would be quite mt\ prepared for the shock, and that they cc id not resist it j.<> Conformable to this ide% I directed the regiment to ho ' drawn up in c^se column, with its right at the dbtanco of 50 yards from the road, (that it migtit be, hi sobHk me^surct protected by the trees fmm the artf Uery;^ t(»> left upon the swamp, and to charge at full speed as soon as the enemy bad delivered their ,6re. The few regu<( lai; troops of th^ 27th regiment, under Ck}l. Paul, oocu« pied in a column of sections of fovr, the small space foe* tweenthe road ^and the river, for the purpose di seizing the enemy's artilleiy) and some ten or twelve friendiy Indian)^ to move under the bank. The Crotchet ibrmed by the /ront jliae ^d (jfenDesha's division was an iHH portant point At ^Ipiaee tho venerablie Govembri^ Kenimfky wii9e|iosted« who at the age of Sticty-Six|»ie- ser?e».4Ml tht^gpr of youth, 4he ardent zeal which dis-^ tinguished hli^ .in the revolutionary war, imd tho un^t dauAM brfiTQlsf^ which he manifested at King^sMoum tout. ^WMh m^r aids. de camp, the acting assistiEaitadyt geoeml, wC^t fihitler, my ^Blta|i|j&iend Com. Pcriit^ 1) ' '1 'i .op9 were; vroimdedln uufrchar^— Upon the left*, heweTei;^ file content was moresevere wVih the IndiaoSi. Colos^ ^ohnRon, who €<^ii^»i|idN|eii' that flank of his re^men^^ xe<;?eiv|Kd|i mosU^I^al fire fr^si tbeoi^ which was retufi|<- friwithi;|refit^ct. !Fhe Indians stiU furtinef lo the li^ luilvafiGed and fell in with our ftoBt line of iGfimtiyv neurit ^ijlic^oa with BeshaV^ivifioB, and for a moment mad^ Kn cinpression uftm it. His Bxcelleucy GoTemor PN^Ihy, However, brought up a regiment to its support, and the ei^emy receiving a severe fire in Irpnt, and a pai| of Johnson's regiment having gained their rear, retreated with preeipkatioa. I^ir loss wa& v^vy considerable is ^e action, end many were killed m their retreat. ^^ i can give no satisfactory mfbrmatron of tiie number of Indian* that were in the action, but they nrast have S^eei eoBSid^^y Hpwards^ of one thousand- , Frofl» ^ dociiiiitci^ in my posseskna, (Cf^ Froetor's o^cial UiietSt aliji^ which were taken) am! frc^ Hh^ iof^rnift* tlon <>rre8pectalile inhs^itauts of this ^iritory, %e Ifi- dians kep^ in pay by the British were liMph n^cn^ i!iii^ |ueroi|ji tnan haa been generally suppose^. In a letter to General de P^M^nburgby of the 27th uU, Oeneral Froctcf Jipi^ of fal^his pr^taii^d Qp(H| 32ili]^a£lhe h- '*'"*9«* , -»"_ '•W # '■•IC HAmiSp^'S "?!... 4iM)6 to accoiripw lum.;^ €i thiMe |t j^ (^E!i4^ fifty or sixty TZyaijldt watriors ftbailidoiiel iHjp^* ^e Dumber df #ir tf^ope werecertein^ gr< ^^n that of th(^«nera7, bat when if it recollected, 1h?y had taken a pofiition that effectnaHy seipured tn^^r flai!k, which it wa& Impbfisible for us to tprn, Ifnd Hhtt w

r my troops the palm of superidl" bravery. ^ In comiiaunicatmgto the President throu^yoii, 8#, my opinion of theeonductof the ofllcM* who senred imdermy command, I am at a loss howto nMotion tha{ of Governor Shelby, being convinced that no ^iiJogintn of mine can reach his merits. The Governor, of an in-, dependent state, greatly my superior in years, experi- ence, and in military character, he placed himself under my command, and was not more remarkable for his 9eal and acUvity:, than for the promptitude and cheerfol- i|es8 with which he oneyed my orders. The Major-€}eif-> erals Henry and Desha, and the Brigadiers Alien, Cald- weH, Kmg, Chiles aiid Trotter, all of the Kentucky Volunteers, manifested great zeal and activity. C^ Ciov. Shelby's staff, his Adji. Gen. Col. M'Dow^, n»^4 his quarter master CSen. Col. Walker, rendered g/eat service, as did his aids de carnp Gen. Adak, and^Majois Barry and Chittenden. The miUtary skill Of the &aim^ was of great senice to us, and the activity of the two latter gentlemen could not bt) surpassed. Illness de- prived me of (he talents of my Adjt. Gen. Col. Gia&i^* who was left at Sandwich. His duties were however ably performed by (he acting asilistant A■ i mM.-^ '** r^ t3£:.^*:* m' '^W^" ■}\ \ ■f^ ^. ^^.j6]^ift ^^^i^ active, iml^taorfi fotlSamie, l^^P^|topshad halted, and ijwlii^«i^j^i^i>ers. ' -- . .•. = .- ^-^"f^lift ^rarifty befo^ ap official return of the|>tfed# ^/oir'tyt ^the l^i^l^id^ fmwaded, inf:^ mac^ oiit. h. JM^Mijmeyer ascertaiiRed that ti^e former amounts' to ik)^ reguliOrs, ineitidiDg 25 officers. Our loss Is TfeUted vsnAS^fl ^B^tUMM. 5 of which have ajnce died. - Of th« ^rifish i^la^S, and 22 wounded^^ The Indians di^r^' ^|8^^^^/ Ihtia^liaDsajBg fa^Bu fiikbd^npon the ' 1|? th<|Bekaied Q» the retr«irti / t>f tht action, six ^eces of brass artiUvia r Davkl Lucas Micajah,J^urnh|Mli ipi|aUiiin;JPu^U > JobnSeely John Wf^Uviuqi^.; 6enjaD94D Hph^rl^BefijaniiaOvil fif^vaL Beokiiiik^i ^. lm% ^miUi i J Mj^ron Osborn i^it«^,JliH*,, John H, QolU«i9,. ^IhrisilCiaght, S Clark. H4i^2yOllD,Tr.Thb8. Pay . ll-IUliaoinl John Steele Wm.. Jameft < , . Wm Slepheoson,;. iBeorge Burkitt Russ^lBki^m^r.^, 1^ (G^^^nl)ioB ' f. David C Daoiela ThonijBfA.^liiFe;, . Lewis> R4^ibftas€Ki»JI« Joseph Puller j;^.! ^^ijjBii ^9i;»fajws John W j^Mmphregr Aron Heath jphnjt^llapd ; Pfaipps Denning Catherine Board- Ja8(»ijBitMfice.v,i, Isabel Bo\7^^ ^ psian Reurjf}a«£|M?t JC Josejih Kelsey John May HEBRON -^Wimm^vLBii^W TORRINGTOS.-F Reed ^ m% Tini. EgglesoBt S fi Hitchcock »; Christopher !Jfea8?> IBaml Beach '; Elisha^^^wia,; i\f Noah NorUi • ; ^ i()i«arge Bissell ;; Myron jL^acUu • Alex. Gillet R^ifusley Birge €0RNWALI^^6 Thompson Joel Wncht Lot Hart Oliver Ford James Bunce^ Swift RQS^venspn :^x1>eniel Evciesi»jr /£{n » iJ cl 8aml. P J(^n60iif , Oliver 4i0t^i69 l§mh >1. David Je>Yett . HezekiahGt^d, < Porter HokoA.ib Joseph 3>coyel , . I^leazer .Cross ,. Samuel Sterling ^i^<>|"y.Pr<^\vn JFam^s F J^^ifbrd Lory Johnson S.IL/SfiaR3f^, ^H G Non i A^ 2^t Hlorace Tuj)per John. i^is6vi Peck Isaac Lyman Wifliain Dobson Agustus Ei^erett Theodore Darmefi^ Gamaliel EtereU Eti Alltes Amos Sandfard John Serville Calvin Pease ^Mioitos Deane - K B Thompson /lliadciis Munsoil Henry Stephen* ! %.n Alfred Northnip John Xatware P Ctarlfc €!ias TORR!NQF0RD.^^-John Cooke, jr.* Is»a<5 Goodwin Guy Wolcott'^*' Gotham Itcs Joseph Palmer Amo9 Austin Jeremiah P Milfe ' Raosley Birge Lewis Auslia * "i C M Cheffee CJN«£.IN ii-^Hiram Bcebfe Reuben^ Hunt ' ' " Lynum Mix Jwiob Brown' ; "Barnes Browli Bii la B uckley Jesse Cuinp Barid Wamci' HaHow Ferfn WOODS^OeK.^EdwbfA Cairjpb^ll John Turner Saml. M Andrews HeUry Smi*h N R Cahdce ' John G Mlller^A^* ^e^£te LockwoSo^ Berijatnin P Davi^ ^Christopher WalSs Robert Campbell • Isaac Tompkins John I^lstead Isaac Dfmond tV^illiam Risley Heman Stone MP Van Gas Peck Isaac Lott C'L/NTON, (N Y)— Cornelius Van Vlict JB/j/fe^,— Sawiiel t?oHins Stockbridgel(\Mass)—J(^6eph \f Marsh Sau^rHus,'^5hin^s 'Wegregcr Jacob Winkhoop Hartmitm ^Franklin Dewey ■ ' Julius Alfred S^heldonljanford*^*^' Edward Woodruff Jim/olr*^>^^ally Barnes ' Li7— PLCauleton ' S^njahiin Bradley Phinea? B' Taylor Anson Broth Phiheas Baldwi a ERsha Muiiger''- \ Hdsea Blinn Mary B Bald w in ^ James PierpoAt James Woodruff ^Hufas Hmith ' Kathatiiel Croodwin ^ Medad (Jibba^ jViariin Curiis Joseph Mason ' Klisha Mason Dan Rbbeiria Ellsha Harrison Jos. BasMfett J E Cartfp Omn;i^r,'(N.Y.)^-W Guild, W A Race, C HMhain. ;f»7a/i/^^ Jo^hiili Van-BuiBetrolen /a/i5«/«m.^— ^i^etebbm G Jewelt WoiM^gtdn-^^ Allen, EHalght, E*on'Sch^m«rbom. Kcrwim.- *^Wtlltam J Denison lijah Grant jtfa*i^lfeW^.---Dltrw» Dexter Horatio Palmer Alphew Cbii»ibeii«ln Ira SpaflTofd Nathaiiiel \VaIe» Abagad Peck' P R Bmmoiis Joseph t^rnuA John F^mum NK2lim:iel Kidder ^obfiFsmen Roger Clurlcy .^Mybrrf. -Epliraiilti Bay Coventry, — Jeremtoh £iiswinft» David Pausk John Fitch *« ». • ,, . , ■; SCHODUCK.^CooB Rodface^ ^^ ' ' SAND L,1KE."'C Clark J Weukg Chester Tatkti Lyman Cady Erastus SnydiA > t < IsMc-Peeli ^ ^ BURUNGTON'-J PhelK - L Ganger £3tiUman John Rg rers Amervin 5liilman CHESTJik.^lru Day «> o ^ - - . WjiSHINGTOK [Mw»[li^neoiKA\n Hagenton Wj3TERT0trX.'*-€h«r\96 Mortimer Wm. J Punderson Joseph Edwairdd Eli Wakemaii B^RKHJMS^M.-- J Bumphr^y SiMeliKiii -i^ Jesse Oriacd t^Use 'Ashbel Moses ^ .»ilii;*4'AV »«'»i/I SHEf^FlELiy^Wm Athley day Shaw W W Day Ira A Brown BlmeoiiSage^o'i. 6L/FF/£LD.^Edwin Spears ^BTlJtLEJIf^Leir I Thbinpeon i JOSH/jWTOJW-^Dotha W^dhH^ l»liab Clark EInathan Mitchel W K Fowl^ ' Cyrtis W Grey Avin Brown Noble Day ' E l^homlioson KENT.-^hevi Stone ' T»^ Ebene»er Byeti% Birdly BeariUy Ephraim B^mait S Wallia 7r^RR£lV;i>^amUel Gilbert ^ Russei Carter Judan Eldred Rufus Swift ^VrV r Jbdeph Bennett NJSir-^RfeSTONl-^Neheniiah Patterson ^;W£JV7.f .-^Francis Knapp Giforge W Heaftr Milo Wnichester t W P Aaeiton lf7NCHE5fT£R.~TheciAlfib Andrew^ Alva Leech Oi^bbals MHati^ 19-^d^€f(« Wm. Chamberlain COLmROOK.^4^ Fo f-^Sm roftA: ~A Wheeler ELL/NGTON— Jonathan I'orter Chester Dart, 2. « GIUNBF.-^oseph A Oortlil • Milo mioses ItoF^e ttolfed&tf: l^Jriy Holccmib J CImrch SS^b^OBi Burr, jr. Axon 'flo!oom!»' -a^iOliver Oireo m «'. dk Mt^m : ■ i "Ik • a; ^ "-^H i^'' F i r H ^ fi ew liar ffbrd. — Jessee Steel, jir., fHtMUitti Vt'at&on ^yivH 'Dyh9' tOtesier l^hmkhfo^iaii^ Richaid Lainb No<*j3tee* r Da#id Beujainiwa Jastph Wdls lii^eAfliEftt Pi^ne. Brt&ey Lee: /Gaylu^ B l^ijiUer AMthHmk Mititlwell Ho^Ls A$h«T Alei rilis Pitts CSkMxltv in Tfa«d(l(N« Mff^rills Oliester Douglass Nor/bM:.~(}gltiirLlilr Jh^lHumphrej Rockvi/le.-rMfa^B Oxford Nw/^/clr/.-.-Carlotte kedvrell West-Hartford.— -iohn Steele fM'fifb'^^^^jQhii Ki&dedjr JohO Neff Co/tcf^'tf>-rAslbelH«at . ii »^in^87id «oVe^ CaiffnlHibatrd Catdebitry. — Peter Prak^' ;Ww. Foster Brooklyn. — Eben Shepard Abel Price W Foster J(>6eplt;^^|»ler,- Jr. ,■ ' 3dt|jattiin Dresser TAom/wo}}.--- Robert >W I;iiBefJohA-Willtinan Bavy(^rM«elrhiti|« Botlomon OoroeHiis ^/: I JiCt//tffg%oi-^BeDJamtii J Dext^t Alfe^and^r ThompsoB Nancy Franklin ^a¥id Bas^ett Abel Adams, j/tu^*, Ltllis Bray - 3hubeL'A|daiiis Daniet Austfai^vl Fo9/^t^-f*tetliftn T^ade 'Eoifiry Hopkins A/ ^/ Gloucester —David Field Bavid Uouqd r ^ ' Humphrey Wood Wfl|. Tflfner A^ph Smith. Sci7u4 Smt//»^e»/WcW> ,SM^l\l^pridg .«iliH6tBbhins Gre«»ftiwrf/'-r.Natiiajiifel*Tttiiikina- Stephe^^^^ i 8/?5ifcer,<^tDlHaie| Whitmore .--./uix ' • }Vilbra}Mm.^'-John B Stebbins , * ' / Canton.->i-NQ$h Barber Ashier Clridley A^^l Coil ,; Torftngiford,'' tBiainftrd White nci-- .-^ «???! eg^g^lv^ h: ■m if ■ % ■ m-' m #■ .^: