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 ON THE 
 
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 rAILEDONIA GOLI> MINKS, 
 
 AT 
 
 OLDHAM, NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 iJv Cha-KLKs ItoiJis. Vlsif.. Mi\iN<; Kn<;inkku. 
 
 ANL» 
 
 John Campukll, Esq., Pra< tical (Jk<»l<>(ji?it. 
 
 HALIFAX, N. S. 
 PRINTED B-Y JAMKS BOWES & SONS, BEDFORD ROW, 
 
 1881. 
 
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 C A I. KI )( )N I A G( )LD M I NES 
 
 AT 
 
 OLDHAM. NOVA SCOTIA, 
 
 !m; St. KitAN( vis Xaviru. Montrkal. 
 
 lath August. 1807. 
 Ml!. KoiiT. (;. Fi;a>i:i;. H:ilif;ix 
 
 l>('in- Sir. — Ihiviiifr JvcH'iitly visited niul iiispeeted tin* 
 (loM .Miiiiiiii' inoiu'ilv in Xovji Seotiii in which vou arc 
 iiitiTostod. — I l)('t>' ill coinpliaiK'O with your request, to hiy 
 before yoti the rollowiii<r Re[)ort. e!iibo(lviii<2; tlie results of 
 my ()l»serv!itiou mikI the opinion 1 was le<l to form regardinii, 
 its vahie. 
 
 Tiiis property wliieii has l)een worked to a limited extent, 
 and is designated the CakMlonia Mine, is denoted by the 
 icm] tint on the aecompanying map of the district. It 
 consists of twenty mining areas, each iaO feet long by lo<> 
 feet broad. c(nnprising in all 1 7| areas of mining territory, 
 besides a mill site of corresponding dimensions adjoining 
 the tract, and on whicli a good crushing mill has been 
 I'l'ected : a grant of '240 acres of land lying between the 
 mill and reservoir; and a lease of a tract of land for 
 additional reservoir accommodation, if found necessary. 
 
 The property is situated about the centre of the Oldham 
 gold mining district wiiich has always been esteemed, and 
 is proved by the official returns to be one of the most 
 important and i)roductive in the I'rovince. It is accessible 
 by a very good road, only three miles in length to the 
 ICnfield Station of the Nova Scotia Kailway, distant about 
 thirty miles from Halifax. From its elevated position and 
 other toi)ograplilcal features, this district possesses unusual 
 facilities for mining and drainajie. 
 
 As respects the geological position, the property in 
 (|ncstion exhibits a combination of favorable features of 
 rare occurrence : and v.hich must render it, when fully 
 develojied, of extraordinary value. These peculiarities 
 iiave lieen set forth in detail in a Report by Mr. John 
 Campbell of Halifax, which I have studied, and verified 
 the statements therein made by actual observation upon 
 the ground. It is unhappy, therefore, to recapitulate them 
 here, and I have only to add my testimony to the high 
 character and qualification of Mr. Campbell, whom I have 
 enjoyed frequent opportunities of meeting, and who is well 
 
known in tlic I'lovincc :i< ;i pi'Mdicnl ( irolniiist of lii^li 
 stjindinij,' : jukI wIid li:ts on two sever;!! occMsions been 
 fonunissioncfl liy the (lovernnient to repoit on f lie pionress 
 ()('(iol(l (liscoverie-. ;inil tlie mineraloiiiciil conilition nnMer 
 wliicli it oecnis, 
 
 I'lie Lioi'l liearinu <jM.'irt/. lodes wliicli rnn with the rork'> 
 of the coiniti'v. have fi oonrse nearly Aiu- east an<I wt n| . in 
 which ilii'eetion yoiu' pioperty extends nearly l')(M> fee!, 
 lyinu" dii'i'ctly njton the axis of n|)hea\al. a>> state<| i)V Ml". 
 ( 'ani|)l)('ll. In its breadth it cinbfaees a lireal ninnber oC 
 ti'old bearinu' loiles. some of which lia\e been pi'f)\(M| to in' 
 ivinnrkiil)ly rich, liesidcs the hiuli proltaliility of tindin^- 
 others. (Mpially or more powerfnl or produeiixc. which do 
 not appear at the snrta<'e. In this district the lodes art' 
 for tlic most part thin, licnerally \ai'yine' fi-om two to ten 
 inches; )>nt they are nsoi'e highly ••harued with n'old than 
 in districrts where the\ obtain a ^■reat thickness: and in 
 many notable instances they have shewn not only a 
 roninrkaitle jn'odnctivenc'^^. l»nt a wonderful impro\i'nieni 
 both in richness and size (>n sinking'. In the Kepoit ol' 
 the Chief Comniissionei" of Mines Ibr \X{\\ it is stated. 
 '•one small lot of (piarf/ crn-iicd in Oldham last S[)rini:'. 
 U'ave the laruest maxinunn yield that has yet been olttaineU 
 ill Nova Scotia, beinir Jit the rate of not less than 10.") 
 onnces 11 dwt. per ton ofi|nartz " 
 
 The mininiLi: operations which have been carried on upon 
 this proi)erly. have been t-hietly of a preliminary and 
 e\plorr.tin<^ character. A shaft has been snnk t(» the 
 depth of al'ont (Wl fe(>t on Areti No. 10(!. near the western 
 extremity of the propeity. and a consiih'rable amonnt <»f 
 driftinu" and sloping' done in coimection therewith. In 
 these works three veins <>{' o()]d beai'ii.u' (piartz are devel- 
 oped in a width of three feet six inches, the first ltein<j; 
 only one inch thick, the middle \-ein seven inches, and the 
 last twelve inches ; the two former are vei'v rich in li'old, 
 bnt the last contains an aver.airc of only two or three 
 pennyweights to the ton ; the intervening" slate r<»ck is 
 also, as •i'eiierally in this district, snfliciently rich iji gold 
 to pay for stampinu' and amalLi;imatin_L>;. 
 
 The results of ci-iishini^ and s;'paratim^ on the entire 
 material excavated from these veins are gi\('n from a 
 perfectly reliable sonrce in the .accompanying return, 
 shewing .an a\('r:iti"e of a little over one oimce to the ton ; 
 which will i)ay considerably over ilonble the cost of 
 production. 
 
 Another shal't '2') feet deep has l)een >unk (piite near the 
 mill, on a separate set of leads ol" great [)ower :ind promise : 
 
 f 
 
4 
 
 t\ 
 
 liiit owiiiii til the iiiilii\ (if w.'itcr (liciiiii ucMr tlic tniiis- 
 \»'r>(' ilisldcnt iiiii ill Ilic -tr;it;i. Mini cln^c t<i llic lii'imk) thi-, 
 WMi'k \v;is (ii->cniitiiiiiii| jii-i ;!-. Ilic |ir(ii|iii'ti\ f |i;ir! ul" tlif 
 \ciii \v;i> ic-iclicd. Ii slidiiM 111' H'iii;irk('(! t!i;it tlic U'lik- 
 i;iU-< ill tlii-^ iwi'^lilMiiiriiiMid nrr mmu-u li;il 1 ruiiliic^diiu' rimii 
 ilic ;iliM\c cMil*;*' : Imt willi iiroiirr ;i|iiiri:iiicr-;. Inr wliicli 
 ;iliiiii'l;iiit iMUcr (• mill lie <lt'ii\ cil iVniiitln' mill, the sJimI'I -. 
 <';iii 111' (':i>ily ilrniiicd : .•iiid ihr Inuli [H'llinliility in :iii 
 iiiiTi';i-("l yii'lij u\ Llulil. line t" llic f;iiisi's wiiifli li:i\i' |ir«>- 
 ilii'-cd tilt' ()|u'ii clKirnctci' of ill,' vein-.. >liiiiild. ii; my 
 ii|)iiiiiiii. miii-li III III' llnii <m;i!iI('I i>;d'iiii'i' :iii\ :iddit ii hkiI 
 iiiconv.'iii'.'iu'i' iir cxii'ir-.' Ii rn llii^ (•.•iii-.r. Willi :i \i'iy 
 tiifliii'^' ('\|ii'ii--(' Mil ;iiidit c.iiild li!' cut t r.iiis\cixcly to tlic 
 \ciii^ licic. wliicli woiild dr.-iin liiciii to ;i dc|itli ol" ."ii> or Ci'i 
 Ici't IV'iiii il:c >iii I'.ic,' ; ;iiil ;il llic "-iiii' tiiiic dc\ cli i() t lie 
 <'li;n';i'-tcf of mmi i'oii-< \( ills. >. uni' i >!' wliicli will not Miiiic'ir 
 :it tin- -iirliicc. 
 
 The mill \- \i>\\ liii ■(! will; m\m imltcrics m' ci^iit lic;id> 
 (d' ."•'^i' |:i. st;i;ii[i-. (•;i;>:ilil" o! cni~liii!;j, ;i!miiiI ten tons nf 
 (|il:irt/ :illd >l:i!c in "J I lioiii--; IimI the I'llildillLl. wliii'li i- 
 slroiiH ;iiii s;ilist;inti:d. (;i-; -H'e .'ill til' work^ ;il>oiil tlic 
 |ii;l'-'.) i- :i !:i]i''j I I'l;' ;i kcj,- c,i]i|cil\. \\)r wliicli ;il<o 
 ;iliiiiid;iii1 ■.v;iicr-|i iwc)' ein ''c |irii\iiiel. I'lie sii|i,'rioi' 
 :i<l\ .•llit.i'i'' of ii;;\ iic.^ w jitci -|i 'Wci' n ', ;iil:i 1 ile I'ortlli^ wiilk. 
 iii>tc;id (if -Ic:!;!!. i.^ \ci\ iflaioi-.. Mild iieeil not lie iii--i~!- 
 cd (>n 
 
 'I'lic iiiisiiic-,-, of ;2()ld minium; i;i No\:i .•coii;! i> n(,\v 
 i'->i;ilili--licd ii;i in .-I -iii)>i;ii!'(i-d .'ui I [i 'riiiMneiit li;i>i-: iiiid 
 wlicii <Mindilctcd with o!'diii:i:\ prudence ;ind ccoiininy. -d- 
 doiii I'liil- in |ir( diiciiiu' ih • mo-i sn; i-lactory rcsnlts. ^ oiir 
 j)r.)i»i'rty |rissr--.".^ iindo;io!r lly ■>;i|)erior I'jtcilitic-, iiid 
 .•idv;iiit;i'jc^ to ,,i:in\ which icc, I'lriii tln' li;isi«i ol" snccess- 
 !iil o|)ci;ition^> ;ind jiiiy l;ii'j,(' di\idciids to the >li:neholdcis. 
 
 r»y the cNpendiliire ol' ;i \rv\ moder:ite Minniuit of c.'ipit.'il 
 to |iiit the mill into thoroiiiiii uood condition, sink ;i i\'\< 
 ;iddition;il slnd'ts ;ind provide elliciciit means of (IrMinniii'- 
 it is my opinion 'hut the piiipcrty wonld he pu' into snc!i 
 <'oiiditioii.s as to yield very handsome retniiis. and such .'is 
 prohalily would Ik' cNceeded hy lew in the l*io\ince. 
 
 I ha\t' the honor to lie. 
 Dear Sir. 
 ^'oui s m.i^t respect fully. 
 
 ( IIARLKs KOi'.i;. 
 
 Ml II I iKI I'j iXjl II' I /•. 
 
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 TT'samm^yftm n ^ n 
 
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 ■«|»iii;»i n ,,|i Hi J i j-ll 
 
 ':U:^::f^ 
 
DAHTMOl'TII. Jri.v 20. isCT. 
 .Mi{. HoiiT. <i. Ki:a-i.k. ( licinist : 
 
 Ijiitr Sir. — III :u-(.'or<l.'iiict' with _v<Mii' iiistniction^, I li.-ivt- 
 oxiiiijIp.'mI flic u:>1<1 miiiiii<^ inopcrty at Oldliain, known as 
 tlic Cal(Ml(>iiia |»iu|K'rt\ . mainly witli a view to niakin^i <nit 
 its strati;ji:i|»li!f;il stnictiiit'. and tlnis l)rin<>; more iiromin- 
 t'litly to noti<T points tliat have a very impoitaiit relation 
 to its value a^ a iif»M ininint! property. 
 
 Tiie location of this property directly on the axis of the 
 ureal foltl which .-it Oldham Ininiis the <j;old hcariiiu' rocks 
 to the surface, will Ite found to l)e a fortimat*' circumstance 
 when sh:ift> for exploriuu' purposes are put down in the 
 crown of the .•ticli. when no doul»t a hrue nuinher of ^old 
 Itearinjr lodfs or beds will l»e reached that are not to !te 
 found any wh«-re i-roppin^ out at the surface of tin* rock. 
 
 Nor is it at .-ill unlikely that these dee|) lyin<>" lodes will 
 l»e found to l>e richer in uoM than any found crop|)inu' out 
 at the surface, for as a lii'i'eral rule the quantity of <if)ld in 
 the rocks of this I'rovince is found to increase lari>ely with 
 the increasing depth from which it is mined. Tiiis is a 
 fact now admitted Ity :dl who had any experience in mininji, 
 f<»r q:oM in the Province. 
 
 It is prol»al»le that tla- iiuml>er of lodes that will he 
 found on thi> .•tiea will lie limited only hy the de|)tli t(; 
 which sh:ift> will he put down. tiiiTil a depth of tlirt-e or 
 four thousand fci't is attained. 
 
 To a ^liieat extt'iit the value of the area depends on this 
 fact, for if an unlimited number (jf quartz lodes exist on it 
 at a depth accessible to miniiiu; ojieratioiis, and they con- 
 tain more or less goM. there can no loiipjer be any doul)t 
 as to the value ^>^ a property so situated, beinji; nnicli 
 ureatei' than areas on either si(ie of the axis of npheavel. 
 
 Indei)endently of deep lyinii lodes, accessible only in 
 areas located on the anticlinal ridijes, your i)roperty li>< a 
 large number of gold-bearing; k»(les, which crop out at the 
 surface of the rock, three or four of which have been 
 [>roved to some depth, and found to yield a fair average of 
 gold to the ton : sudicient I .should sup[)ose to sati.sfy those 
 who know anything about gold mines, that operations on 
 >nch mining pro|)erties judiciously conducted cannot fail to 
 prove highly satisfactory. 
 
 rmmm 
 
L 
 
 I <1<» not (h'ciii it in'ci'?^.s:iiy tli;it :i (U'tMilctl dt'scriptioil 
 sIkhiM lie tiivcii <»(' (lie lodes on wliicli \(mi Ii;i\«' tlic •^IimHs 
 slink ; it is siilliciciit to Uiiow tli:»t tiicv yicM from on«' to 
 two :ini| M liiiir ounces ofiiolil to tlic ton, :iiiil tli;it tlicy tnv 
 ciisy Worked. Iteiiiii kiru'e eiioiiuii to iill'oid iVoni three to 
 lour :iiiil live feet oC sp-iee Itetwt-eii tlie foot w;dl and roof. 
 Soft iMJcose slate intei'stratilied with (|iiMrt/, l»ed». t'orm tiie 
 material eomposiim the lodes. 'I'liest- matelials ide fouml 
 ill all our ji'old fields, assoeijited together in l>auds or l»eds. 
 from :i lew iiielu's to many fee; iii thickness. ;ind form our 
 most \;diial)le uold lieariuu lodes. So calleil uimieroiis 
 hamls of this descii|)tioii are to I'c seen at the smface in 
 natural exposures or e\|)ose(l liy trenches on the Caletloiiia 
 property, and a lar^e miml>er of them coiilaiiiiuu' more or 
 U's- Mold ; much of the surface of the area remains yet 
 unexplored, hilt enoiiLih can 'u' seen to show th.al it is a 
 vei \ ^alual)l(! proi)ert\'. and that uold miniiiu mav lie 
 
 lit' -^ :^ » 
 
 pioiitalily prosecuted on it. if such indicatitms ;is ;ire usually 
 relic«| on can he trusted in this c;ise. The si(.'e|» aiiiirle at 
 wliifli the strata dip on either side of the ridu'c or :inticlinal 
 is \cry favoural)le to inininu' opi-rations. :ind will also yield 
 a much larucr (juantity of quart/, from such Kcds ;is saddle 
 ov»'r within your area, indeed it may almost lie considered 
 as doiihle the surface extent of t lie ;iroiind ( which is twelve 
 hiimlred feet in length l)y live hundred feet wide, not 
 inchidin;.i the outlying' area- nmnlierecl on the map •i'.i.'i. 
 •J94. ami half of -J-i'J. nor the mill lot.) I>iit this is ;i point 
 to which you may attach iait little importance until a rich 
 gold hearing lode is disct»vert'(| saddling over the axis line 
 which runs through the centre of the area, when you will 
 see .at once that so far as the value of that particular lode 
 can contrilMite to the aggregate value of tlu' propt'rty. it 
 must do so to the extent (A' at least one hundred per cent : 
 therefore, the value of a property located as that Caledonia 
 property is, should l)e worth much moi't> th.an lots on eithei' 
 sidt! of the axial line of curving; in the strata near the 
 eastern end of the area, and clo.se to where yniir mill stands, 
 you Inive within your bounds the oldest rocks that have 
 l)een l)ronglit to the surface of Oldham goM lielils. 'J'hese 
 rocks were brought u[) along a transvers<>. or north and 
 south line of fracture, and upheaval; in the neighhorh(jod 
 of which the continuity of the east and west strike of the 
 beds may be somewhat disturbed, and slips and contortions 
 of the strata largely mixed with quartz and gold will be 
 met with, and probably prove of greater value llian if the 
 rocks had not been disturbed. 
 
 On the mining claims known as Britannia, the western 
 
 E-,.X 
 
s 
 
 '^ilU' (>r this iioitli Jiiid south hue ol" iioiilth- wiis iCMchn 
 ;iii<l it' I h;i\(' Mot hrcii iiii.sinlniiin'il. the hiiut>l minm-ts :. 
 wi'll :is the liiiiicsi i^ciu'ial vicM ofiii)!'! was oltiaiiu'tl wliil 
 iiiiiiiii<i' hi th»' mo^t disliiiln'il part ol' the mine — that rUtf 
 lo th(> line of (hstin-liaiuv to whicli i alhnU'il 
 
 rh»' advaiitaut's arisini^ tiomthc iavoiifalili- iL!,('ouraj>hi<'j 
 |»o>itioii <»!' th»' Oldham liold field r^ccnis to \>v imi<h ovci 
 iookcil. iiidci'd tlic saint' tliiiiii imiv he sal'' of all oiii" noh 
 lirlds, 'I'housaiKJs ni>li to distant ('(MiMtrics as -ooii a 
 tlu'V ln'ai' t'Vcii ninioiN ol ^o|d haviiiu, lifcii di^covcrrd 
 IJH'V lorcjLio all lh»' roinforts and xMMiiity lor lih- atlnidfi 
 at home, and after all in \ei\ lew instances ohiain nioii 
 lavorahle lesiills than nii^hi have lieen oht lined nea 
 home, ill the licli. e\tt'll■^i\ f. Itlit a^ yet little eX|)lor' 
 U'old regions of No\a Scotia. 
 
 Tlu' value of the ;jold field- here is hut little imdefstoot 
 even l»y <»urs«'lve>. wlio oimht t(i Iviiow mo>t ahoiil them 
 you and thost' who ar«' a-»oeiated with \oii. for installer 
 lu'ld that properlN at nidhani loi- >oiiie time without d(»in'j 
 much work on it. although lait few areas of e(|ual extent 
 are to I>e found an\wheie likely to surpass it in value. 
 
 Hesp(.\ '■•■(illy Milaiiif.ted l>y 
 
 \i.'\v ol»e(|ient s(M'vant, 
 
 ,101 IN (AMriJKLI.. 
 
 l^rarficul (Jenloj/isl. 
 
 In the Urilannia ( oinpany claims, from the Itriton lode, 
 on the surface the (|uart/. was 10 inches and yielded .k 
 ounce <>old to the t(jii : I>':t at a di-pth of 75 I'eet the loile 
 increasotl in size to 27 inches, and jL»ave nearly four ounces 
 to the ton. This is in the disturhed ground referred to 
 l»y Mr. Campbell in his leport. 
 
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