«AJ ^%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) *■<•* ^ />, ^^^ ^■c!'/ 1.0 I.I 11.25 1^ 11^ 12.2 1^ 1: 1^ 112.0 11= U 111.6 vQ vQ V o //. / \ V 4^ Li>^ iN^ '^-\ ^ TV k ^9> i ) CIHM/iCMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couvertures de couleur L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lul a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Certains d^fauts susceptibles de nuire 6 la quality de la reproduction sont not6s ci-dessous. 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The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^(meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la der- nidre Image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the l 4' "f/j*' Honore Mercier. •i '■■ ■ ■€.■ ^-y ovv o .» 1 :V- -THE- WEALTH OF CANADA -— ♦0<<^P^S©oQ>^-^ '4^ m edoration. • >v -# ^t./ BY T. E. EWEN, M.A. " To a Patriot the interests of his country are supreme," PRINTED AT THE " DAILY ONTARIO " STEAM PRINTING HOUSE, BELLEVILLE, 1893. ■■ ■'■: '■'''^' :-.. '..■:''•■,'=••■■■ '.' ■' ■■ [ V':'v .■■'":■''''■■'■"', i .•' '' ' i! * ■ i*" ' ' ■ ,' -■f-;|!'';„ ''**■ ^^'. ■.■■■'■^.• ■'" A , ■ ■-.■,■'',...(' ■ ^ <► i ''?93 .^ : ■' •' *' . . * . ..'■•" ''■'■".' .''V 1 j 1 » ■ . .'v;,'' ',■' ■ ■"■ ' *■'''■■-,■■, Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year A. D. 1893. by T. E. EWEN. at the Department 1 >*■ ^ o£ Agriculture. i ' ;: . . -J, - / '.■ I , ;■ ' . ; .■■ /' ' '. . ':■■ . , • / .'■■■> '""W^' ,'':■;' ■ ~ -■'■■'■ '''.' ' '■ ' ' . , ' "'■',-•' ■.", • * in i f^ ■A ^;' INTRODUCTION. Only indisputable facts, conjoinetl with the most conclusive arguments, could have the power to chauo-c the political pro- clivities of a descendant of the Canadian pioneers, who fought against the United States in 1S12, and tlie Canadian Rebels in in 1837-8. The expatriation of my kindred first caused me to dare to think. Ten years ago the writer received a sudden summons to attend the funeral of his favorite uncle, the last of his gen- eration. He left a widow smd six stalwart sons. Tliese sons were prosperous American citizens, scattered from Florida t') Montana. I stood at his grave, the only male representative of our numerous race, born in Canada. Standing there I determined to ascertain the cause of the expatriation of my kin, and to do my utmost to apply the remedy. Rare opportunities for investigation were afforded me. I travelled from Newfoun, and especvdly to the descendants of our Pioneers, I dedicate this little ivork. r" ' i THE HOMES OF CANADA. Many Canadians adopt iis their motto : " Man was made to mourn," unreforo the one that will he, from a financial standpoint, the most beneficial to Canada. Continental Union is the policy that will provide the most money therefrom, conse(|uently it is the be^t for us to advocate if wo dcsin^ to increase the financial prosperity of our homes. .' r.v, {■:'. '> ■ ■■■ \- ;''.v'.^ — 8- L— MINERALS. i^' -?v-''^ Canada contains every rnineral except tin. The Canadiin iron ore, containing less phospliorus than the American pri)- duction, is the best on the .continent ; yet the United States' out-pUt is $50,000,000, and the Canadian ont-piit only the one- sixth of a million. One reason that the ratio of our ore is as 300 to 1 is,that the Canadian market, besides beincr too limited, has its centres of population so far apart that the cost of trans- portation exceeds the profits. Other causes are, th« American duty on Canadian ore, and the proposed Canadian ex^jort duty on some minerals. The American duties on iron ore and bituminous and lignite coal are 75 cents a ton, and ^ cent per lb. on the co}:<|f)er contained in its ore. Capitalists, whether British, American or Canadian, are thorough citizens of the world, and would not long be capitalists if they did not regard business matters solely from their financial standpoints. Hen e, they wisely refuse to operate Canadian mines in preference to American, when the mines and the markets would be in difi'dr- ent countries ; and their heavy immovable investments would be subject to the poverty, cupidity, caprice o.r anatgonisui of either government. In nickel and copper, Sudbury and Lake Superior districts are unrivalled. There is only one other nickel mine in the world, known to, and utilized by, modern science for commer- cial purposes. Look at our undeveloped mineral wealth. T!ie ridges of copper at Sudbury are actually miles long. In Cana- da, only four miles from Lake Superior there is one mountain nugget of pure copper one thousand feet thick, which if it were situated only a few miles to the south, in the United States,, would be worth fifteen million dollars. The amount of visible copper in that region is incalculable, but situated where it i", it is all utterly valueless. We know the reason. Britain does not want it, for her ocean vessels can load at the equally unexh austible copper mines of Newfoundland. The United States does n ot want it, for they have copper inside their ring of nations, and outside cf that ring they never unnecessar- ily go for F applies of raw material. Let us form an idea of what ought to be in Canada, from what is transpiring in the immediate vicinity, but unfortunately across the line. Let us ascertain the profits of just two mines, on the American side of Lake Superior. During the last 30 years they have paid to their owners an annual profit above all N -9— n 'i expenses of coasklombly above $1,03 ),03D. PI:!ture wliat hives of imliistry would be creabel around all those luineral treasur- ies of ours, by Coutiiiental Union supplyin;; ^^^ needed enter- prise, capital and markets. And then estimate, if you can, the immensity of the direct beneiits that would result to our peo- ple ; and the prosperity and happiness that would consetjUent- ly permeate our homes. Canada, my country ! why continue self-imposed, to enact the part of Tantalus, and the unattain- Able life-sustaininjj ilrauijht ? The role is neither wise nor heroic, and certainly is both cruel and unjust to those whose welfare is sacredly entruste3r capita consumption of iron orj. The amount of • the out-put of its mines is not necessarily identical with its in- ternal consumption. The nation whose per capita use of iron is the greatest in the world is the United states. Although it '- contains only 5 per cent, of the earth's popu'ation, yet it con- sumes annually one-third of the world's iron, steel, lead, and cop- per, two-tifths of its coal, and one-half of its tin. Therefore, right next door is the best mineral market on this globe. In 1892 our total mineral exports were only about !if5,000,000, of which, notwithstanding the duties, the United States took 80 per cent. The American capitalist, having plenty of minerals in his own country, does not work foreign mines under adverse laws, when it is also necessary to pay a duty to get the miner- als into the American markets. Hei\ce, the Bruce Tuines are un- worked; while almost invvi thsight,in the United States, 7 million to »8 of iron and copper ores were takea out in 1889, worth at tue mines $25,O00,()U0, and at the point of delivery $35,000,000, liaving paid S10,000,oOO for lake freights. It has been admitted by Governor Andrews, of Mass., that as a state of the American Union, Nova Scotia, having now the requisites of iron, coal, and flux in proximity, would, with the extra advantages of the aljacent markets of New England, soon rival, if not excel, Pennsylvania in great ir)n industries. The youth of Quebec are fleein.^ from the banks of our biautiful St. Lawrence as if its shores were plague stricken. The factories of thi Eastern States welcome them as the ma- terial out of which to form the best of operatives. In future our co-patriots would find congenial employment, without being expatriated. As a free American state, Nova Scotia would also ship immense quantities of coal from her inexhaustable mines Mfe. ■W' I >■■■ .• . . »■ *'- ;.-,:■ —10— * to the bordorinf; New FiHgland States which are destitute of coal. In Nova Scotia, seven hun(h-e(l I'eet under ground, tlie writer saw mines work ei^ht liours for (10 cents. Miners would then receive niciu's wages for men's work. Here is a staitline an act of tlie niost consum- mate tolly on the part ofc' the United States to enter into a connnercial ti'eaty with Canada, which would he solely to the injury of their country. The Auiericans, most assuredly, will not extend the advantages tiiey {)ossess within their Uinon to aliens, who do not desi/'e to l»enetit their countiy, who do not assist in building it up or maintaining its laws, and whose otdy object is selfish aggrandizement at its expense. This is not li-kely to be the course pursued by a nation whose Hrst and only interests are tiie welfare of its own people. Consecjuently, the only method by which Canada can ^obtain an e(|ua1 share Avith the States of the wealth to be derived from her minerals is by complete unity of interests. This means Continental Union. Our present food exports to Great Britain, of wlieat, cheese and beef, would not be sufficient to feed the two million ad- ditional inhabitants that the opening of the American markets for our minerals would give us. ' . II.— FISHERIES. •A* ! The Sea Fisheries of Canada arc among the richest and most important in the world, while tiie Fresh Water Fislieries of the Great Lakes are nowhei'e to be surpassed, the total Value of which, in 1801, was about ^20,000,000. Here again, the Unitetl States i.s our best market. 1'he duty, liowever, being ^ cent per lb, the fisheunen, wherever possible unfurled their flails and hastened to the American flag and have their liomes on American soil, in order to enter their fish free of duty. This is exemplified liy the fact that out of the total annual Lake Erie catch of $^^,500,000, Canadian vessels captured less than 3500,000. Continental Union is the only policy that will induce the fishermen to permantly locat their homes convenient to the best fishing grounds, which are gen- erally nearer the Canadian shores. Continental Union would forever abolish the American duty on fish when caught by Canadians. These duties at present hive the fishermen on the American shores. Political Union would cause the homes of the fishermen of Lake Erie to be equally and permanently distributed along both the Can.adian and American shores ; therefore, in all probability they would both catch equal quantities of fish, which would be $1 ''),000 each. :',! ffWt,*-' V'-"- ! 7 —12- Thi.s would he three times the present Lake Erie cntch of the Canaflijin iinherinen. If we apply tin's rule to the catch of all Oiitaiio, it would increase the annual catch of fish cau«jht hy those living on Canadian shoi-es and sailinf^ vessels Imilt in Ca- nada by $0,000,000. If, in oider to be certain to be within tht. hounds of reasonable probability, we only assert tliat Continent- al Union will increase the catch of the fish of all Canada to the extent that it would probably bc^netit one province, we have still an annual hnancial increase to our wealth of ^6,000,000. i'; i 1- A 'V' i^ 'ft III.— SHIP BUILDING AND LAKE FREIGHTS. Canada, besides thousands of miles of .sea coast, has the largest and most important system of inland navigation in the world, as illustrated hy Port Arthur and Liverpool being almo^j e(iuidistant from our Atlantic ports. Canada having timber which is in requisition the world wide for ship building, wo M'ould naturally expect that the American Clyde would be in Canada. But it is at Cleveland, where, in 1891, new vessels were built hiving a tonnage of 71,000, which was 17,000 more tonnage than built in all Cana- da. On the Great La'ces during 18^2 th"re were building on the American side 50 steel steamers of 2,000 to 8,000 tons each, and on the Canadian side, ordy two steamers of 200 tons. Only one per cent, of the first-class shipping o."i the Great Lakes is Canadian In 1892 the the total tonnage that pa.ssed through the Canadian Welland Canal was less than one njillion, a gieat part'of which was Ameiican through freight from Duluth and Chicago to American Lake Ontario ports. Whereas the freight that passed through the American Sault Ste Marie Canal was over ten million tons, and that which passed by I'etroit was 25 million tons, only one per cent, of which was carried in Cana- dian bottoms. No comments are necessary. .v ' • The principal reasons for this deplorable condition are as follows : — The United states do not allow Canadian vessels to carry freights from one American p(>rt to another. The American doties do nt)t permit of a large trade in heavy freights from Canada to the Unsted States. The only piesent outlet from our North West is by means of the Canadian Pacific; and this raih'oad takes good caie that no freights entrusted to it, leave its line, so as to proceed fiom Port Arthur, by the other- wise cheaper lake routes. Continental Union is thi only policy IS- vvlii( It w ill fil (>]i^li cvory one ot* tliCRe serious niu] unjust disad- vrtut.'ifros t(» tlio iiiuriitf inteiosts of (jinuda. Tl).' uiMJoj ity of our youu^' (Jnnadians, as '^("J^VI^^^'^y ^'*'~ come experienced seainci', move to the United Stafi^and Ik- c»me Ameiiean citizens beeouHe only American citizens are per- niitteont $45,000,' 00. When this ^45,000, 000 is ajuiuall}' paid out, (-r-iuula is conspicuous by receiving less than S.'i,0( 10,000. Osdy I'olitical Union will enable her to td.»tain lu^r just share ol" it The inliabited poition of Eastern Canada possesses accoi-d • ing to its area, more n»iles of navigable watei' than any part of the Anuirican ('(tntment, — in fact it is tli<; Britain of America. The Metliterranean aneen hivish with us, yet, on jtceonnt of our foolish isolation, our shores are comparative!}- sl»i[»less. On the Ameiiean 8ld(^ of the ()r<'at i^akes prosperity and enterpri.se have gone hand in hand. They have enlarged the cjinals on tie upper lakes at g)'oat expense, but their wealthy Republic felt it tu) burden. The con.stiuctif the Me«Htoj'- ranoun would he. small in coinpari.son with that of our CJreut Lakes. IV.— LUMBER. The aiiuujtjt of tiinher annually cut in Canada is immense. This fact may 1m^ realized from the ^io-antic H^fures necessary to use when speakin art of the production of onr forests which we export. In 1K90, amojj^ the Exports were L500,000;'0*» f(;et of sawed lorrs, .5,500,000 cubic feet of square timber, and 1,000,' 00 railroad ties. Besides these there were exportests, teletj^raph poles, etc. The United States, having less timber per c«(pl.tathAn even Germany, is our fjreat market The duty, however, varies from Sl.OO to $2.50 pnr LOOO feet. This duty caused the Canadians to contribute to the revenue of the (ireat Republic between 1S65 and 1890 $20,000,000 in onler ^hat access mi<,d>t hepiined for our luml)er to the markets of tl's continent. The result, from- the American duty and the ^vant cost to send the lumber to any other country, is that it only renmnerates us to saw into lumber for export the choicest, logs out of <^aeh tree that is cub down. C »nse [uently, nd lions of dollars worth of inferior lo^s are annually left to rot in ourtimlier limits, as the writer's eyes have seen. Basing our calculations upon the above giant figures, and rememV)ering that our exports of .$23,(i83,(i7o annually, only re- present that part of the felled timber which is renmnerative under existing circumstances, we cannot place the unnecessary yearly waste of our inferior lumber at less than S2,000,000 an- nually. Continental Union is the only policy that will per- manently give Canada all the adjacent markets of this Continent free of duty. This will enable lier to obtain remunerative prices for her inferior grades of pine and hartl-wood lumber •MiH tinjber, now not worth paying the duty on and exporting. This wjiste and loss would then cease, and we would effect an annual saving of at least $2,000,000 worth of the products of (jur forests, now allowed to rot on account of the duty debarring them from free admission to the near markets af the Unite*! States. A perusal of the tra 1 5,9130, ol' vvliich $400,000 were from our lisUeneis, $iS75,f these tot»il exports of thirty rnillions (^f (Ir)llars, tiic Unitetl States, riotwitl'-stundinrj tlie retstrlctioiis inip'seG upon tnule bou<^^ht IHk million flollani worth, iiud Britain with the j^reat advantage of free trade market" only 11.^ mdlion dtjilars worth, whieh ivS 58 per cent to the United States and only 38 per cent, to Britain^ Tlifise tigures revive our faith in the accuracy of the faded mop of Upper Canada that hung on the walls of the old school- house of our boyhood. The Pi-ovince of Ontario was there depicted, not as a part of Fi'.rope, but as being snugly wedged in betweii the states of New York and Michigan, and with them fonmng the center of the Eastern half of the Continent of North America. But to resume, the United States bought all the lumber exported by Ontario, and this lumber formed one-half of the total exports of this province to the Republic. This i-itanding timber was not the product of the labor and .skill of man, neither ooes nature produce it rapidly. Canadians little know how quickly and recklessly our grand forests nre being annihilated. The government, satisfied with collecting tlues from the choicest timber, allows the rest to rot or to be burnt together with the very .soil which could, if preserved only in generations hereafter, reproduce it No generation is now en-, titled to more of this tindoer than nature pro'Ur piovincial loi^^i.'ihitures to (luph(!at<; thjir forest utethod upon ou'- mineral \v(vilth. by nu3an!^ of I'oyal' ties and export duties, with th ; rrsult, that tfiese inl'mt indus- tries w« '/e nipped in the bud, ami aU capitali.rits Wf;r(3thu.s ni idc cojn;nii'. it of the existence of the above facts, i.nd tht; re-sultaut dar^.'rio taxable investments in Ontario. The consequence is, that no capitalist feels safe in invest- ing an}' large amount of money in Working mines in Ontario under our existing Provincial (Joverrnrjent. Besides the waste of our timber, there is another ^reat Io.sh in our lumber business on account of continental isolation. The United States nead our timber, but at the sanje time desire to obtain all the employment po.ssible for their citizcnn. Conse- quently, they allow logs to enter their country free of duty, — but they put a duty of $1.00 per 1,000 feet on roughly )>awn boards, and a higher duty of S2.50 per 1,000 on ail Ijoards that are plained and groved, and still a higher duty on all lumbei* that is more highly finished. The result is, that Canada is ti hewer of wood, and the United StateH saw, plane and linish. Tt prove this, the Spanish River district furtiished 14(»,000,(K)0 feet of unsawn logs to the United States : and three quarters of the logs that were sawed hist year at the extensive mills at Bay City and Saginaw, Michigan, were from Canada. Where it is impossible to export it altogether free of duty i)\ the crudi; shape of logs, it is sawn in Canaoi' is cheaper in Canada, and our water powers are more numer- ous and more conveniently situated fort'. is work. Consequent- ly, if there were no duties between us and our An»eriean nmrk- ets, almost all the lumVjer would l)e sawn and finislied in Cana- da. As the result of this now demand for lalx)r, it has been carefully estimated by ai> Ottawa lumber king, that, when con- tinental union is consummated, the population of his city will immediately increase one-half. What would l«^ true of Ottawn. would also be true of many of our other towns ami hamlets. e ni fii ti "T rtror" . -• ,'1 /, 'I'hifi would ^Mcatly incrousc our pro-^jK-'i-it}', rtud also fuinish tinploynient to many tliouHaiuls who ^rt.' now uunuully coui- }>cllu(i t(» leave their Caumliati honitJH. Our luirily and skilliu! siiantvinri) ami river-di"ivoi"H are univcrsallv acknowlodiit^J 1»\- all extensive travellers to be ' .u; Ixvst nion in the wm-ld at their occupations. These fearless sons of toil 'vijuld fclien ol)t!i.in con- . |:;enial eniploynient in our numerous mills and fjictories v.heii ciipple■ Politicians, who asjiire to the dignity of C-ina^llan state;^- •. hien, will do well to solve this [)roblem. Whether is it better to H,dvocate a policy that will furnisii employment for Canadians at home in Canada, ami liavc other natioris pay us for the lin- ishod products of our lab(U" 't Or to I'emain as vvc are — mere- ly the [turveyors of raw material, the hewers of wood for for- eign countne.s ? i V— CANADIAN EXILES. ^ ■.; :: Remember t.he fate of Spain I Drained of hei' young blood, she lost her vig( i-, and fron\ a Hrst-class power fell to a third. / Britain's emigrants arc chiefly in families, therefore emigration ' is not injurious to iier. Our emigrants ai"(; ]U!ncii)ally young men. 'JMiese men, intellectually oi- physically, no nation can cfjual or replace. A nation, whose policy annually' expatriates' li'jr most vigorous young men, must eventually deterioi'ate both mentally and physically, because the powerful leave, and tlu weaker elements of its population renmin. The effects of a policy oi this nature are more detrimental to a country than a pestil- ence or a famine, for these carry off princi[»ally the weak and tlie aged. This being the ca.se, it is the solemn duty of every patriot to put aside all mhior and ba.ser motives and consult in a friendly spirit with his, brother Canadians, how best the strides of an evil, more injurious to his country than pestilence or famine, nuiy be stopped. This e.vodus of our 3'outh is a fatal blow at the vit^ility of o\ir nation; therefore, we must remember .that sometimes desperate diseases require desperate remedies, and that any efficacious remedy is bet tei* than the couHequences of a fatal disease. Let us be patriots to our beloved Cmiada, and look atthe facts squarely and imflinchingly, and innnedia- tely apply the remedy that our reason tella us will be the ino«t :)•'■■ X '.•^ '' ^',!i ''■'<'""'"tir^'Tf ''■*"*■" -18- certain and permane:it. It i» both wronpf and foolish for us to allow the ci)heineral politics of tho hour, or preJndiccH concerning the distant or tho pist. to militate against tliu pro-*ont wultarc of our honiCH and Canada. Those wiio do not wish to recognize the dui)reHHion existing in Canada, as the cause of the prcMont exodus, "ay that there has always been a di'ift of population from the coldei- to the milder climates ; and that as 8(»on as the Middle ■'"'^itas are till- ed, tliere will be a reflux of emigration to CaTiuda. This is true to only the most limited extent. Our young men are the sons of hardy sires. These sires, in search of homes and fortune, left the milder climate of Britain to come to what was then considered a frozen wilderness. Our young men, like their forefathers, seeing little hope of success at home go where fortune favors. If tho brightest prospects of success on this continent were 200 miles north of their Canadian houies, there they would go. Success they are determined to achieve; difficulties, even dangers, are only an incentive to action. If the chances of success in Canada and the States were equal, they would prefer to reside in Canada. Converse with the next ten Canmlian emigrants you meet, and be convinced that eifieminfwy is not a characteristic of our countrymen. To further pirove this, our youth settle in parts of tho United States that are on an average as cold as their Canadian homes ; and this, too, •when Florida and Southern California would welcome them as readily as %lichigan or Dakota. The emigration from Canada to the States is about three hundred daily- This includes both those born in Canada and in foreign countries. The population of the three counties adjoining the county in which the writer's home is situated, have decreased 12 per cent, during the last ten years. Then contrast this fact: — The three states bordering on his provin< e have increased in popula- tion during the same time as follows: — New York, threo-«juai*- ters of a million ; Ohio and Michigan half a million each. Chicago, during the same time, increased moie in wealth and population than all Canada, and to-day contains more Ca- nadians than any city in the Dominion, west of Montreal, with the single exception perhaps of Toronto. Detroit has a popn latiou of 260,000. Windsor, with equal shipping facilities,and with four railroads entering it, has only 10,000. Seventeen years ago Manitoba and Dakota started even, with 14,000 whites each ; to-day Dakota contains more people than the Douiinion can /■'■■■ ' —19- l»o»ist of Ix'twoon Ottawa and tlio Pacific Ocean. In many countifH of Dakota tlie fir-Nt (|uostion that one naturally asks a Htrannror is, " Well, what part of Canada did you come from r Isolate any one of the States of the American Union from iho Jest of thi.s Continent, and its fate will ho similar to that of Cana' w:'Tl*f;'" --«0- f 'H:': &.. ;<'*' .,;V i;v; nu"l !^('!Mi(]iMa\liui nniii'rant., uImmi l«'nviii;j )ils liomc mH"! fatluM'- laml. ]u\H a iinn intention to rc\isit tlionit, hut In; fit-sires t«) \>o alile Ui rtitnrtj from Aincricn, without tlw^ IV-ur of li<'ii)£» jm- )»i»*ss(|iu!ntly, the Kijio])can wisely «Mnij,M*at('S to •the AiiH'iirati Krpnhlio, ami not h> a part of the l^.ritish ICtn- plro. I'herd i.y also on tlu* Coiitiru-nt (»f Kurope, anuaifj the MOO.OOO iinnn- ^Tants that she has imported from Knrope dnrif)ic the hust t<) and 84,000,000. The )irnni;^rards have, nocepted the ussist^'d passa^^es ofllerod l»y (^laiiada to nid them to reaeh the (Jnited States. Hence, i-aeh immi;,ri';viit that (Vnada retaineil Cd^t hei" nearly $200 whieli was jjjst ^l!)!).9f) uiorff than some of them were worth to any country. The [Tnited States iinnii«;;iatiou was, at the close of the American war, 7:;0,0()0 annually. Duiiu;^' the last few years , the K(;j)ul)lie has rejt.'Cte I tlie undesirahle applicants for ndniis- - sion to her country ,and thus j-estricted tht^ immi^rmtionto 500,000 a y«.'ar. Unlike Canada, it did not desij'e to inipoit mental ' moral an<] })liysical contaminations from the slums of the cities of Britiiin or tln^ Continent, even if they paid their own pass- ages. The States have now only a small <|uani,ity of tii'st-class '. land to ofFer to settlors whicli does not re(|uiro expensive irrieation. f t^ vv ' Canada poHRpRes ^roat undeveloped minenil wealth and larj^e areas of unoccupied and fertile laud ; therefore, under (Continental Unioji, she will be the pai-t of the n(!W confederacy that will he specially l>oomed. M my of the present inhabit- ants of the Unite,e 65,000,0('0 (U> not live in Canada. This is true, but the nujjoi ity of them live nearer Canada than the Provinces arc tc each other. Theii- pe<'ple are also more similar to the Canadians who reside in the contiornons Provinces, than th« populations of the distant purta of Canada are *'" aach other. New York State is nearer to Ontario than Prince i:^ ward Island, and the people are also more similar. The inhabitants <»F Mani- toba and Dakota are almost identical, and only a road 8e})aratfcS them; — But British Columbia'and Quebec are far asunder in the characteristics of their people, as they are di.stant in terri- tory. Carefuliy consider whether it irf better to accept our relatives the United States of Britons, about whojn we know the best and the worst ; or to take 65 million imnii^'rants from Europe to our bosom, about whom we know little, and that little often in their disfavor ? VII— DUTIES. We pay $6,000,000 annually in (iuties to the United States in order to get our products to their markets. Only Continen- tal Union will entirely and permanently remove this barrier to commerce, and payment of tribute to the revenues of the United States without any correspond ingf benetit to Canada. VIII-CUSTOM HOUSES AND DOMINION GOVERN- MENT. The great extent of the dividing line between Canada and the United States, a patrol of 4,000 miles, and the ample facili- ties thus afforded for smuggling, necessitates both governments maintaining an army of custom officials. It ia stated by the Government of the United States, regarding her custom houses lx)rdering on Canada, that the cost of collection, compared to the amount collected, is disproportionately large, in comparison with any other part of her revenue. This is also true in Can- ada. Continental Union will dismiss the majority of tke offi- cers now belonging to the Canadian custom houses bordering on the United States, and allow them to add by useful labor to the wealth of their respective provinces. The internal government of our provinces will not be per- ceptibly changed by Continental Union. The Provincial gov- ernments will remain almost unchanged, and, in addition to their present legislation, they will perform a great part of that now done at Ottawa. The Dominion Government, with its useful, ornamental and expensive adjuncts, now numbers over 3.50 salaried members and officials, either employed or lounging —23— around the PaiTianient buildings at Ottawa. Continental Union will promote about 40 of these to a hit^her and larger sphere of action, and permit over 300 to retire to private life, aer capita siiareof the total debts of the new nation. Th'is $200,000,000, although now $52 per capita to our Canadian population, will be, under Continental Union, less than $4 per capita to the new confederacy of 70 million people. The present United States debt is $10 per capita which, added to the $4 as above, will give $14 as the debt per capita to the new Confederacy. Then the debt, to 5 million Canadians at $14 per capita,yf\\\ be a total of $70,0 0,000, instejul of our present $260,000,000. This would represent a saving of $190,000,000 to Canada. Nothing but Continental Union will cancel this large amount of our indebt- edness. This debt, if it annually increases as in the past, will . •ventuaily crush us. X— REAL ESTATE. The total value of the real estate of the Canadian people is not in the Canadian year book, but the wealth of all Canada is stateraes the industry of agricul- ttirg. Out of our population of 4,829,411 — 56 per cent, of 2,704,470, derive their living from our farms. This gives Canada considerably over half a million farmers, A comparison of the market reports of the similarly .situated Canadian and Ameri- can markets, reveals the deplorable fact, that our farmers only receive two-thirds of the price obtained by the American farv ers, for the two-thirds of our a^icultural products, for wl I our continent is the natural, and consequently the best marke./^ Farmers, take your pencils and figure each for himself the amount you lose each year on swcount of being deprived of your rightful share of the markets of this continent. Recollect you not only lose on what you send to the States, but also on the same classes erf your products when you sell them in Canada, We are saie in stating that ^2.03 per acra each year is a very moderate figure at which to average this loss. The number of acres under actual cultivation is on an average 50 acres to each Canadian farmer, making a total of 25 million acres. A> •loss of $2.00 per acre means a loss to Canada each year of $50,- 000,000 on the products of agriculture. Only Continental Union will permanently prevemt this. loss. Is not a Canadian farmer as much of » man as an American ? Do not his labors* deserve equal remuneration ? ••"O- Tt li!ivin;j been proved that Continental Union will increase the Ixappiness and prosperity of our homes, more tiian an}- other political policy, let Canadians, by all constitutional and peaceful means, promote its adoption ; hut only upon equal and lionorah'e terms, and with the consent of Great Britain. Let us advocate it kind y but firndy and persistently. SUCCESS IS INEVITABLE. -•itr^ ■1..:. ,^' '..;•■ ■ ". ,''V' :''■■ '"l"-f 'v ''■■ .'t. ,;,l/^: Continental Union, -o- Canadian realer, >«ben C9nsiderlnve of the rncc i' V frceflo'n, and Whs rigorous with her transAtlantic offspring. The colonies, loving t'l-eedoni as well us the parent, threw oft' the restrwining hand. Tlie spirit of Unity still guid- ing our race pi*on)pttd the thirteen colonies to unite in one people — the United States of Britons. Since thca the rapidit}' and vastness of their pmsperity has amazed the world. The motherland has not since attempted to infringe upon the liber- ties of her children. Britain, had also other colonies transplanted world wide, on whom the spirit of unity so prevailed, that they have re- tained their allegiance to her even when to their financial in- jury. Six colonies of Britons dotted the coast of the continent of Australia;the spirit of unity breathed upon them, and they arc consolidating themselves into one Commonwealth— a name singu- larly appropriate. Seven smal' isolated provinces were scat* tered along 4,000 miles across A ^rica ; in answer to the same call they became one Dominir- The history of our race is a lecord of amalgamations. We have seen they have been mule upon every possible occasion from the dawn of old Anglo* Suxon history to the uiiion of our Dominion. What do all these unions declare? Remember history re- peats itself. We are the descendants in the characteristics of nund as well as in tluxse of Ixwly, of the men who in times past consolidated weak clans and hostile tribes into a great na- tion, at whose warlike array Europe trembled. It is therefore apparent to the student of history, that unless prevented, a great Zollvei-ein of the Anglo-Saxons of the world will be form- ed, with Britain, the old motherland in the center ; — clustering around her will be her children, — the free British nations of the earth, — the greatest of which will be United North Auierica. Now, British patriot, in the interests of our race heed the spirit of unity, who.se promptings liave been the cause of our power and prosperity. This dominan' family has only two divisions ; Britain with her colonies, ana the United States of Britons. The connecting link is Canada. Upon Canada rests the responsibility of creating between them constant discord or perpetual peace. Under existing circumstances constajit dis* cord is declared by history to be inevitable. History is given '■T' f: -28— US for entertainmont, in-^truction, and espociully for wnrniTipf. In all its aofOH and ail its lanmianfes it roitcrate.s the rlanijor of man making two nations out of what tho Ahnighty created to be one. One nation slionld include all those wlio live witliin the same groat natural houndries of mountains or oceans, who speak the «no language, have the same faith, obey the same laws and are oF the one blootj. Canada and the United States were formerly one people, and are yet identical in all the re- quisites to be again one nation ; even their laws are upon the common basis of the English laws; hence, in remaining apart they are la'eaking one of nature's laws. Penalties are invaria- bly and wisely attached to the infraction of any of His great laws of natuie. The penalty attached to the lirea'ting of this law is jealousy with all its resultant evds. This is proverl by every divitled nation in ^ivery age. Let us confine ourselves to our own race and watch the effects. The history of the clans of Scotland and the heptarchy of England is written in bloofl. Unions brought internal peace. On their consolidation into separate kingdoms, Englanrt no sooner wage.ftSit»>'',*>*'«ii* -.10- never nip^ards with their money. Only Cimtinentfil Utiion, by increasing our numbers and purehrtiinj( power, can enable ua to financially benefit Britain. This cm only be done by an increase of legitimate trade, flowing; in natural, not in forced, channels. The benefits the motherland obtains from Canareign tyrants. The de- sire for the absorption of blacks and their landed piopertv has been the direct or indirect cause (»f the modern wai*8 of Bri- tain. Canada, a civilized agricultuial country, existing in a thoughtful age, and far removed fn)m the arenas of strife, must have an adequate and worthy motive, before she will arm her citizen soldiers to face death on foreign battle fields. Our Can- ada neither needs nor desires HK)re blacks or their territory ; therefore whether we be a colony, an independent nation, or afiiliated with the Anglo-Saxons on this Continent, we will not as a nation, aid Britain in her foreign wara for territory. But Continental Union being consummated, if ever Britain, diiven from her outposts, was receding with her troops across our Continent to defend her heart, we, the hardy sons of the North, would, to a man, spring to arms, and carrying the great Anglo-Saxon Confederacy with us, together pour out our b ood and treasure like water, to defend our ecrmmon mother, — dear old England. The Anglo-Saxons united are unconquerable and irresistible. Only internecine war can ever break their power. The United States is now, and will be for centuries, the most powerful military nation on land in the world. Because, in addition to the splendid fighting material to be drawn from her immense population, she is also virtually in c'immand of half of the warriors of Europe, Time, the wonder worker, will cause the pension list to fade away, but the centuries, as they rull by, will still proclaim the uitparalled generosity of our Re- ]»ublican relatives to the armed citizens, who freed their fellow- mon and saved their country. Europe is an armewer. and by Canada's increased prosperity redound to her glory, as the mother, not of palid dwarfs, but of great, prosperous and filial nations. II— HATER OF AMERICANS. ^ Perhaps you are more in favor of Continental Union thau either the British or Canadian patriot. For, tell it not loudly, this is a policy of Spoliation. How else than by wresiing from America men and money, and diverting them to Canwda do we propose to benefit our Canadian homes ? % Come, be practical in your hatred. If you have a neigh- bor you hate, and who entices away your sons, and you mutter vapid curses against him, you merely irritate yourself, without injuring your enemy. But, if by forming a partnership with / } "-as— hull, you can sell liiin Htones, viluloss to you. foi* cfO/l inonf^y ; jiniuopiiiite his boitts iind fish ; ^ot him to \niy yo 'r cniHljinMf ik'htN, retiiin your Motis; sell hiu> coru(;r lots at l)i<( prices; unur old hoinostoad,— ' the pruvinciul t'jirm; you would vveUroiiio the f)Hrtno)".ship, he- causu you would bjiujfit yourself at 1m8 cxpensu. III.— CAN ADIAN I'ATRIOTISM. ,t;'i ' i: Canadian patriot, with rclieF wo turn to you. True atriotiHrn, is loVe for thu laud in whioli wo oarn our bread ; ov<5 for tho land of whicli our l>odieH form a part; lovo for our homes and those tlieroin sheltered ; and actions that will ensure to our homCvS of the present, and the future, happiness, peace und plenty. Canadians, actuated solely hy tiiese motives, let us he satisKed with no half measures, only with the full, im- mediate and permanent advantages offered by Continental Union. Having thi' courage of our conyioti|ons, let us speak out our minds manfully. Canadian patriots, you are tho decenry and transient. The mn-joritv in the britiHh FCmpire are hlacks, the ratio hpin;» ah )ut six olacks to otie white. All men, hoth lilack and white, have equal political rightH. That this is true h»ts heen demonstrated beyon« jury to both Britain and Canada. Tho connnorciiil policy of the Canadian FederaliKts has i»een «Jeclaiemmoi'ce oi the world. 'J'he world's goods enter England free of tluty. Consequently she is the world's store he se, ai)il the universal market l»oth for hying and selling, and her ships have tli » carriage of the goo Is of the globe. CircumscriV»e her free trade, and her greatness vanishes. The people of Britain know this policy would increase the price of tlieir food and cause great suttoring among the million of her poor, who are now only a few nieals from st>irvation. Brearl ! Bread ! has been the constant deniand of the poor from the time of the Roman jtancK, and the Fre!»ch Revolution, tt> the present day. Britain, powerful an8e between being totally bebarred from Europe or America, and it Were left soie; ly to her monetary interests to decide, the verdict would be in favor of having America as a free market, because the addition* al population that free trade with the United States would eiur ploy in our mines, forests and lakes, would consume more than our present exports to Britain. But the time for this decision will never come. Canada does not intend to enter into political union with the United States without the consent of Britain. Under Continental Union, Cana» ^". > • 3/9,893 1891 613,390 '. 969,134 y In comparing the yield of wheat for 1891, with that of any previous yeiar, we must recollect that in this year, many thous- an«l acres of virgin prairie in Manitoba and the North-west Territories, were for the fii'st time sown with wheat. Almost all of tlie wheat exported in 1891 from Canada to Britain was grown in the North West. This remark also appliea to the wheat of the years that succt^ed 1891. ^.•;;a,. ■ ■-■■■„* ■ .-If -■I M m 42 ••.sV .<:(;<: 00r..(> ■ ' '. . ■• The farmers of Manitoba desire to obtain a large immigra- tion immediataly, and not after all the present generation is dead. An increased population means to tliem, better road«and bridges; larger home marketb; more schools, churches and town^; and all this with a reduced taxation. They also desire to ])ur- chase their machinery and other manufactures of iroji at the prices* paid in the States which are from 25 to 50 per cent cheaper. They especially wish a reduction on the present high freight on wheat. The map of North America furnishes the solution of the question : " How to send the Manitoba wheat to Europe at the lowest possible freiglit rates." The wheat should ' ' be sent by rail only as far as the head of navagation,and the water highways should be opene^l up, so that the ocean steamers could load at Port Arthur,and sail without breaking bulk direct to Brit- ain. Continental Union will furnish Maiiitoba witii the immigra- tion and lower the prices of freight and machinery ,and no other ()olicy will do this. Canada cannot afford to open up the water lighway and the Republic wil not do it, when it does not own tlie St. Lawrence. But union will cause the great and wealthy confederacy for the sake of all the north half of this continent to develop to the fullest extent, the water highways of the great lakes ancf the St. Lawrence river and thus transform all the ports of the great lakes into ocean porta. Th§ aortionof the wheat money which was exported in 18*9 to the UnitedStates. Then seperately add together all the barlej'' money of 189l,ind thiit p«)rtion of the wheat money M'hich was export- ed in 1891 to the United States, which was the soft wheat of On- tario. Subtract the total of 1891 from that of 1889 and over $■^,000,000 is before j'^ou. This loss to the Ontario farmers on the total of their barley and wheat of S*%000,000 was cau.sed hy this bill closing? the door through which*trade passes between Canada and the States, a little tipfhter. Will you then estimate how much they would gain on the total receipts from the ex- ports of their barley and wheat, if Continental Union took this commerce excluding door off its hinges, and broke it up, so that it could never be rehung. Would it not be at least $5,000,- 000 annually? -ti> Get a Canadian year-book from your Dominion member of Parliament, and .see for yourself that these startling figures are correct.: ' v*> , .^V''-! f^-' '••kJa.:;^ ■ '^■•;:i-^' :».;■ .•! ••■•'.,; Jiii j.i:.;;- WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD, 1891. ^ri^ ntm United States . . B-JJ'^'H . , •/V^^i i'V. /:\ . U;'^ ;612 million bushels British India! .V'i'7i'V;^),'l;^^\'i^'/C.'VV^.V;'i'^265-^'--''^^'^' •[«••'-•», Canada, .'•j^i"':!. :'V.1,'-.\ . I'T' ; ?'' '^*.. .■iv'i''';^'*'''''W* .'>!'i«;*!o/>u. itovii Ai-gentine RepubHc^U'^'Tl'.V/V.^t^^i^ i^'i-^S^^ ..W-otjW '. .it Great Britain bought in 1891 from 'Ti)lr> Unit'Kl States, .''.'i-i tVl^.V. ;'iV,Vv;'iV'.*iy.'i- .62| miliiott bu.shel)i Rnvm'ft. ••■' f' fin 'jd^ ''♦'■^' iiv'bi«')r{ Miff 'Sfii'- ■ * •- f-.**- '' British Ihdi&^kV.'Al'i^vh'}^. M,.l':l\'U ::W'^ ^.. i«^^ -u-d muii "^»::?V.t' u —44— Australia 6 Argentine Republic 5 " " Canada 4J Germany 4 " " Austria 3A " " Did yon think Romania sold Britain twice ma much wheat as Canada ? CHEESE. But some say, if the Americans sell Britain 14 bushels of wheat for Canada's one, Canada sells Britain 106 million ibs, of cheese, while the States only peW her 87 million lbs., and the average Canadian cheese is superior to the American. True ■ Here is the reason : No cheese made after Sept. 1 5th each year is sent out of the United States. The fall cheese, which are the best, are eaten in the Republic, and only t!ie spring and summer chee«e are sent to England. Besides, the majority of the fac- tories in some of the Western States never sent a pound of cheese to Britain ; their cheese is sent to the South'.a*n and South Eastern States. Canada, as a nation, .sells her cheese. In it because her children can not afford to eat it ? Tlie people of the United States are numerous and wealthy enough to eat the l)ulk of their clieese. Only a small proportion of the American cheese is sent across the ocean ; the best remains in the States, because the Americans pay far iKitter prices for choice fall cheese than the British. Thus, Canada looses heavily on her cheese, through being deprived of her share of the markets of her con- tinent. The loss to the Canadian farmers on their cheese, on account of not being able to .sell them in the United States, is over a million ilollars annually. In fact, continuing to imagine that Canada is a part of Europe, and not of America, costs each Canadian farmer yearly on an average $300,00. He gains nothing, absolutely nothi.f^-, in recompense. His allegiance to Britain does not gain for him even favorable consideration. When he visits Britain, to his astonishment, he realizes that an Americiin citizen is more liighly esteemed there than a Canadian. A Canadian they con- sider is only a colonist, living in a dependent colony that holds onto England's apron. Whereas an American is a free citizen of one of the greatest nations of the world, and they know that be may seme day be the President of the great Republic and thus the equal of the Queen of England herself. On the con- tinent of Europe the respect for an American citizen is greater yet. A wealthy American, on registering at a hotel in Ger- -45— many as " John I. Kin^, of Chica^, ^^. S. A.," was addressefl by the olwecjuious landlord as " Your Majesty, John the First, Kin^ of Chicago." CATTLE. The farmers in Canada, east of Toronto, lose on both thei'' stock and fat cattle, on account of not having free access toth® markets of the neighboring Suites. Beef and stock cattle &v^ always higlier in ihe eastern part of New York Stiite than in the adjiicent parts of Ontario. Quel>ec and the Eastern Pro- vinces lose largely on their cattle by being excluded from the dense manufacturing district,s of the adjacent New England States. Therefore, the eastern part of Canada suffers serious financial injury in the cattle trade by continental isolation. Tins exclusion from the markets of our continent, results from our political connection with Brilaiu. Cattle, sheep and liorse dealers try to ship when the mar- ket is on the rise, Britain being distant, the price there has time in which to fall before the stock arrives. Consequently, very few Cana^lian dealers,who continuously shipped to England, have eventually realized much, if anything, from their business. Wherea«? the dealers can place their stock upon the American market8,in nearly as many hours as it takes daj^s to go to Eng- land ; consequently, the markets there are surer, and more of the shippers to the States have accumulated wealth. An American farmer has the choice of markets. He can sell, without paying duty, either to the 65 millions at home or to the 40 millions in Britain — a total of about 105 millions. The Canadian farmer has his 5 millions in Canada and the 40 mil- lions in Britain — a total of about 45 millions. Therefore, the market of the Canadian farmer is not half as large, as that of the farmer in the States. The Canadian lives in hopes of having a- larger population in Canada to supply. This generation will never see 65 millions living in Canada. Why not accept the immediate opportunity, of supplying the 65 millions at iiomc next door, on our contin- ent ? For many products the American market is better than the British, because an American, when he is thoroughly satisfi- ed with an article, will pay a higher price than a man of any other nationality. To come to facta, a sensible farmer likes to sell where he can sell the best. His own prosperity is of more importance to him, than either or both of the political parties of the day ; and it does not put any money in or out of his pocket, whether the head man in the country, is' called the president, or the ■ ^ iii*»».'HW&*'»W»«*w™..' ■■■46 ■' Oovernor-Geneml, und that is about all the real «1ifference there iy between the Canadian and American Oovorninanta. SHEEP. In 1802, the United States benight from Canada, 290,000 »heep and lambsi, whereas Britain purchased only 32,000 from us. The American duty on sheep i& l$1.50, and on lambs 75 cents each. Figurt for yourself, how many more sheep and lambs Canada would raise, and how much more money she would receive for them, if political union took down forever the American tariff sheep barriers. Canada has immense areas of unoccupied land, specially adapted for sheep culture. Near and profitable mancelis would , cause these hills to be covered with flocks, tended by experienc- ed shepherds. Sheep nusing would develop into one of our great and most profitable industries, and ve would count our annual export of sheep and latnbs, not by thousands but by millions. The mutton of the Scottish slip 3p is more finely flavored than the English. The same is true as regards Canadian mut- ton, when compared with the American. Our Ai»erican neigh- bors earn and spend more money than any European nation, and willingly pay a good price for a savory dish, to tempt their epicurean tastes. Therefore, the Canadian mutton will always command ready sales at highly remunerative prices, in the United States. Canadians, it will pay j'^ou well to take down and grind to powder, the Atneric*n tariff walls and sheep bar- riers. HORSES. Since Confedenition, Canada has exported 340,000 horses, of that number the United States botight 325,000. The Can- adian farmers made the wealthy Republic a present of S7,000,- 000 in duties, for the privilege of selling these horses, in what the above figures conclusively prove to be our best and most natural horse market. No matter what the politicians may say, the farmer doesjiot relish the duty of $30 on a common horse that is imposed by the McKinley Bill. For that matter, he does not relish any duty on a.iy product of his farm. By merely observing his own common-sense actions in his stable, any in- telligent farmer can learn how to avoid having the price of his farm produce reduced, by an American tariff When he per- ceives one of his horses is about to kick, if he cannot get out of the reach of injury altogether, he simply springs so close to the horse that no ill effects can result. Cfontinental union will bring the Canadian farmer so close to the United States that it I -47- ' * will be impoiwible for any American tariff to hurt liiiu. Horse hense ih in favor of Continental Union, It i» to your interest to vote for the union of Canada and the States. Many farmers have wondered, why the British Govern- ment did not purchase Canadian horses for the army, when they are suitable for many army purposiis, and we are willing to well them so cheap, Here is the real reason : — The English hoi'se breeders objected so vehemently, that the British Govern- ment dared not buy them. You can M.scertain this to be an in- disputable fact, Vjy reading page 2J)7 of the Canadian year- b(X)k for 1891. In the item ot horses alone, so called loyalty to a European power has cost the farmers of Canada $7,000,()()0, and this large sum did liot come out of the official class, who are loyal t^ their fat salaries:, Vjut it was wrung from the toil of the hard working farmers — the tax payers of this country, not the tax eaters. And yet, when the opportunity offered, they were debarred fiom selling their horses to the Government for which they had sacrificed 87,000,000 on this very product of their farms. This proves that when the interests of the British farmer, clash with those of the Canadian farmer, the colonist has to go to the wall every time. This also shows that the far- mers of Canada are less loyal to themselves, than the farmers of Britain, who pi'actise one of the first principles of business, which is to specially regard their own interests. The British farmei"S tell the Canadian farmers, by acst which speak far louder than words, to look out for their own interests, lor they are determined to look out for theirs. It is high time for the farmers of Canada to enquire and figure for themselves, which policy will best serve their own in- terests, and the interests of those dependent upon thera. The majority of the votere in Canada are farmers, therefore, when each farmer advocates the policy that he knows will enrich himself personally, he is also promoting the prosperity of his country. EGGS. Exported by Canada to United States. ^ Britain. 1889 $2,156,725 $ 18 1890 1,793,104 820 1891 1,074,247 .'. 83,589 1892 494,409 , . . 692,218 You will observe that Canada received twice as much rn6ney for her export of eggs in 1889 as she did in either 1891 or 1892. This Joss was caused by the Americans refusing to al- f, M >i '■mi -4«- low the CanaJian es^^ t<) come into the United States froi of duty. How dependent CaiUMJa w upon the ^'ood will of tho United StatcH for a market for lialf of her farm pro luce ! British allegiance does not bestow upon ns a single favor in the British mat'kots ; her markets are as open and as favorable to Japan as to Canada. The egg st»itisticH show that I^ritain stopped short half way, and did not come fully to the rescue of even our hens.wlien the McKinley hawk frightened them. Dritisli allegiance co.r tlie lif»y that is sent to Eti;{lathl. This pays tliem h>\v wages for their w.jrk. ami iiotliiM;; fur their liay. Stran^eiM it may HoUtul to Canadians, evon our Wst timothy Imy is not a favorite in En<(lau(l. Their climate, iiietho I of cultivation and variety of seed are all different, con* jseijuently the hay in ditferent, they appreciate their own article the most, and will not pay full prices fur our hay. Whereas, tiiere being no appreciable ditFerence between the hay grown in Canada and tiie Northern Htates, our hay, when of gootl (|uality, commands good prices in New York City. Fifty car loads of pressed hay, bought at $6.00 a ton, were vshipped during Nov. and Dec, 1892, from Napanoe station to NeA' Vork city, where the price wa.s then from $17.00 to $20.00, Hccording to quality. The duty wa.s $1.00, the freight was $3.50 per ton, giving a protit to the dealer of from $koO to $t).50 a ton. Uiuier Continental Union the farnierfl wouhl have re- ceive 1 the present price $6.00 plus the ■'•t.A'^-.i. ~50— settlement, character of settlors, and quality of soil. The poH- ticians do not do this, but compare some new Western State peopled with raw foreign settlers, with an old part of Canada; purposely forgetting that our pioneei"s also had to struggle up from the Vx)ttom of the ladder! Canadians are generally better workers than Yankees, and tbe soil in the inhabited parts of Canada is 20 per cent more pro«Iuctive than that in the States, so we ought to be far richer than any State m America, but we are not. The States have neu.rly paid off their national mortg- age ; ours is growing yearly. Goisequently we appear I'icher than wo really are; they poorer. When our national debt has to be paid, and that time will s(X)n come, the heaviest part of the burden will.as usual, fall upon ths farmers. Only Continent- al Union will enable them to evade this payment, for the union would cause our heavj' Dominion and Provincial debts to be assumed by the whole of the new confederacy, and Canada would only have to pay one fourteenth of it.instead of the $300,- 000,000 we are now in debt. The wealth of the United States has increased four lokl since 1860. Has the community in the pjirt of Canada in which you resiile increased in wealth four-fold in the same time? The average price of the ordinary nece.ssities of life are 25 per cent cheaper in the United States than in Canada. The reduc- tion of the United States debt since March 188J), is $259 mil- lions, which is just the amount of the Canadian Dominion debt. Now for some Government stiitistics, which compare the prosperity of the States with that of Britain, France and Can- ada : — Total wealth of the United States .$62,610 millions '• Britain 48,036 Yeai'ly outputof all ti.e factoriesof United States 5,500 " Britain.. 4,500 American production of the world's iron, 1892 33 per cent, liritish " " " " " " . . , . 28 per cent. Eainingr K the American people, 1887 $ 1,060 millions " " British " " 770 " " " French " " 700 Bank circulation per family in Canada 1891 $ 50.00 " United States. . 125,00 U. S. all agricultural exports 1892 $794 millions Canada all " " 1892 50 Total rail-road mileage of all Canada 14,000 •' just one State (Illinois) 14,000 i "-hi- Canadian fanners, the remeily for the (Hsadvantafjfes un«1er which you labor is in your haivls to apply or not as you see tit. No man win be more dilisfent or exercise more shrevv(lness and common sense in his private and local affairs than the Can- adian agriculturist. This is shown by his comparative pros- perity, even when ecanse if they had lived in the States instead of in Canada, they would have heen, before now, imprisoned on account of booecause the consent of Brit- ain will first be obtained before it will be adopted by Canada. Only lawful, con.stitutional and peaceful means will be made use of by its advocates to influence the Canadian voters. The voters of Canada when convinced of its l)enefit8, will elect mem- bers of Parliament who favor it. When its advr>cate8 are in the majority in our Parliaments, Canada will request the Queon and —fis- her Parliaments to sanction the reunion of the Anjjlo-Saxons of North America. When it receives tiieir consent, the man will be disloyal who opposes Continental Union by any unconstitu- ti(mal means. Ah the advocates of this policy will from tirat to last act constitutionally, they can never be disloyal. Neither will its adoption cause Canada to receive one dollar less for her trans- Atlantic exports. The products of all the world now command the same prices in the British markets. When Canae a few Federal judges \n addition.appointed by the House of Representative8,to decide upon disagreements ari«ing out of Foreign treaties, disputes between states, etc. These we would very rarely come in con- tact with. In short, each province or state would remain as it is at present, as regards all the essentials of its internal manage- ment, the only difference wouI<] he the increased independence and legislative and executive powers of our iocal provincial —67- pirtliaments. Each state or province ia suppjiel to look out lor itself in all matters pertainitit^ to itsown business. Tiie United States is a confederacy of nuTierous, separate and independent nations, joined together for the public good of its citi;:ens. A.\though the provinces would remain undisturbed, the chunges at Ottawa would be startling. The Governor-General and attendent nobility, the Commander-in-Chief, the High Commissioner in London, the Canadian House of Lords .ill as the Senate, the Premier and his Cabinet, all the Dominion members of Parliament and all the numerous salaried officials at Ottawa, would be dismissed. These, number over 350 ; their yearly salaries vary from S50,000 each, down to the comfort- able pittance of $1,000, and mileage, for a few months attend- ance. This would effect an immense saving to Canada. The most of the real work they now do would be transferred to and performed by the provincial or state legislatures. The suia'l amount of legislation remaining to be performed would only require 25 representatives, who would be elected to the House of Rv'^presentatives of the great Confederacy. This Confeder- acy a!so has i Senate to which the parliament of each province or state would elect two members. By this procedure, we would retain all our characteristics and advantages, and abolish the cumbersome, useless and expensive part of our legislative machinery. Our business as a nation would be conducted up- on a business basis. The electorate would select as our public servants the ablest of our citizens. They would be paid only in accordance with the work done, and there would be no fat sinecures for titled incapables. (All rights reserved. / 14, 28. 29. 30, 42, 43, 44 K It ERRATA. Introduction line 28 treatise instead of treaties. Page 8, line 3.3, inexhaustable " •' unexhauatalde. ■ •' 9, " 28, within sight •• II, •' 32, locate " 12, " 36, duties 12, " 37, United 9, saw 36, fulfillment 14, decide 18, exports .S8, paid 13, separately 6, Rouinania C( C( it <(