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Honore Mercier.

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-THE-

WEALTH OF CANADA

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edoration.

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BY T. E. EWEN, M.A.

" To a Patriot the interests of his country are supreme,"

PRINTED AT THE " DAILY ONTARIO " STEAM PRINTING HOUSE,

BELLEVILLE,

1893.

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Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada,

in the year A. D. 1893. by T. E. EWEN. at the Department

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o£ Agriculture.

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INTRODUCTION.

Only indisputable facts, conjoinetl with the most conclusive
arguments, could have the power to chauo-c the political pro-
clivities of a descendant of the Canadian pioneers, who fought
against the United States in 1S12, and tlie Canadian Rebels in
in 1837-8.

The expatriation of my kindred first caused me to dare to
think. Ten years ago the writer received a sudden summons
to attend the funeral of his favorite uncle, the last of his gen-
eration. He left a widow smd six stalwart sons. Tliese sons
were prosperous American citizens, scattered from Florida t')
Montana. I stood at his grave, the only male representative of our
numerous race, born in Canada. Standing there I determined
to ascertain the cause of the expatriation of my kin, and to do
my utmost to apply the remedy.

Rare opportunities for investigation were afforded me. I
travelled from Newfoun<lIand to our North West, visiting every
city and. almost every hamlet in our Dominion.

Many of our mines revealed to me their wealth. I travelled
thousands of miles in our lumber forests, and assisted in dravv-
inor in seines on all our m-eat lakes. The langua^'e of our farms
is to me a mother tongue. I know and love Canada.

After years of study, the conclusion unwillingly arrived at
was: — The exile of my countrymen is cau.setl by Continentdl
Isolation. The remedy followed as a logical sequence.

I believe this little treatise only embodies in words the un-
spoken thoughts of many of my cautious, })atient and unobtrusive
fellow-citi;cens; men tenacious of oltl ideas; slow to move, but once
convinced impossible to change or intimidate. This treaties is
a partial summary of my observations and conclusions. It
is small ; but doubtless some wish it were smaller; disjointed,
having been written in time spared from business : incomplete,
dozens of volumes would leave the subject unexhausted ; but
such a.s it is, kindly extend to it your perusal and consideration.

Belleville, Jan., 1898.

T. E. EWEN.

To all Canadian Patriotf>, and especvdly to the descendants of
our Pioneers, I dedicate this little ivork. r" '

THE HOMES OF CANADA.

Many Canadians adopt iis their motto : " Man was made to
mourn," un<l sit with t'oKled hands andsliakin^ heads, lamenting
over the existing; depression. Others prefer the manly utter-
luioe of Carlyie : — " Man was made to work," and enerfjetically
advocate which ever political policy they believe will be the
most beneficial to the homes of Canada.

Canadians are essentially a race of energetic workers. This
(juality we have inherited from our forefathers, who in search
of ftu'tune, bid farewell to their trans-Atlantic homes, and
crossed the ocean to live in Canada, then considered a frozen
wilderness Canada has a parentage of which she has every
reason to be proud. Our forefathers, the pioneers of our coun-
try received their rugged but kindly land direct from the hands
of the Great Aichitect of the Universe. These stalwart men
faced danger with courage, cheerfully endured privations and
isolatio!! ; hewed their homes out of solitudes, and out of a wil-
dernes.s — a no man's land — made their Canada. They made Ca-
nada. Canada was their.s. To their n)emorv we first and fore-
nrost owe our allegiance. We, their descendants, inherited our
Canada from them. Our dangers have been few, but we met
them with couijige. Our commercial privations, caused by con-
tinental is<jlation, have been many and great, Vmt we have l)onie
them hopefully. We cheerfully obey our lawsbecau.se they are
of ouj" own making, having been enacted by legislators elected
only by ourselves. We appoint our judges, hence our courts cf
justice are of our own creation. We are developing t'ie resources
of one of the fairest gifts to man, and supporting our Govern-
ments- -not our government^ us. Therefore Canada is solely
ours, and if we are Canadian patriots, her welfare and interests
are to us of f)aramount importance.

Individually we are toiling to support our homes. Home,
with its hallowed and endeuring associations, means more to the
Anglo-Saxon and his kin than to the man of any other race.
iSo language contains the equivalent of our word " Home." If
it is morally right to benefit our homes, whose good is the chief
object of our desires, and great incentive to our labors, then
the political policy that will confer the greatest happiness an<l
j)ro8perity upon our homes is the one to inanfully advocate.
For, in the words of Burke, — " That which is morally right can-
not be politically wrong."

Christmas witnesses re-united familie.s, but in Canada at

many a Christmas (linnoj* the Hon of the hoil.se Was ahsunt — an
exile in a foreign hind. How the (h.^ar old mother's eye.s would
have bright<;ned I how tlic fathtiv's hand would have ejiis[)ed
Ids! and iiow th(; chiUlren would have clusteievl around him if
tlie absent one had unexpectedly steppei I in I Can the policy
l»e wrong which would give this great joy to this family/ (Jon-
tinental IJniim, by distributing the great attracting mercuntiio
and manufacturing industries etpially overall this Continent.
will recall many of the absent sons and daufjhters of Can ida an«l
prevent their departure in the future. This would cause in-
creased happiness in our homes ; hence, it must be not only
right, but our <luty to thoroughly investigate this polic}', using
the love of our houjes as a lump to lijjhteu and guide our f(jot-
steps.

FINANCIAL PROSPERITY.

Which political policy will confer the greatest financial
prosperity upon our Canadian hoTues ?

The reader will please bear in iinnd thwt the writer is not
to be reprehended on account of the following facts being in ex-
istence; —

Britain acts honestly towards Canada, and as generously as
consistent with her own interests — nothing more. Wheat,
cheese and beef are our clnef exports to Great Britain. But
wheat, cheese and beef, of the same (juality from Russia, tlie
United States or Canada always have, and always will com-
mand, the same prices in the British markets. Therefoi-e, as
regards the amount of money we obtain fj-om our transatlantic
exports, it is financially immaterial whether Canada is a pait
of Russia, the United States or the British Empire. England,
a workshop containing forty odd millions, does not, and dare
not, discriminate in favor even of her own foofl producers, much
less of curs. There fore our allegiance to Great Britain neither has,
nor will, financially benefit us on our exports to Europe. As
for buying cheaply from Britain, that is not the question.
Show us the policy that will provide us with more money, and
we will, like England, buy in the cheapest markets, or manu'
facture the goods ourselves, free of duty on the American Con-
tinent. '.■■■-•'■-■,,. /■.:;•:■.*,. ■'";vr :

Therefore, as British allegiance is of no money value to
Canada, on our export 'o Britain, any political connection that
will furnish us with mo money from our exports elsewhere is

-7—

ut' inoro tinmu'ijil heiu-flt to our homes. Our exports elsewhere
consiHt principiilly of pio.hicts sent to the inurkets oC the Unite.l
States, the chief of which are minerals, fish, himher and Farm
produce. The policy which will ohtain for lus the most money
.from thjj.'^e sources of oir wealth is th(>reforo the one that will
he, from a financial standpoint, the most beneficial to Canada.
Continental Union is the policy that will provide the most
money therefrom, conse(|uently it is the be^t for us to advocate
if wo dcsin^ to increase the financial prosperity of our homes.

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— 8-

L— MINERALS.

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Canada contains every rnineral except tin. The Canadiin
iron ore, containing less phospliorus than the American pri)-
duction, is the best on the .continent ; yet the United States'
out-pUt is $50,000,000, and the Canadian ont-piit only the one-
sixth of a million. One reason that the ratio of our ore is as
300 to 1 is,that the Canadian market, besides beincr too limited,
has its centres of population so far apart that the cost of trans-
portation exceeds the profits. Other causes are, th« American
duty on Canadian ore, and the proposed Canadian ex^jort duty
on some minerals. The American duties on iron ore and
bituminous and lignite coal are 75 cents a ton, and ^ cent per
lb. on the co}:<|f)er contained in its ore. Capitalists, whether
British, American or Canadian, are thorough citizens of the
world, and would not long be capitalists if they did not regard
business matters solely from their financial standpoints. Hen e,
they wisely refuse to operate Canadian mines in preference to
American, when the mines and the markets would be in difi'dr-
ent countries ; and their heavy immovable investments would
be subject to the poverty, cupidity, caprice o.r anatgonisui of
either government.

In nickel and copper, Sudbury and Lake Superior districts
are unrivalled. There is only one other nickel mine in the
world, known to, and utilized by, modern science for commer-
cial purposes. Look at our undeveloped mineral wealth. T!ie
ridges of copper at Sudbury are actually miles long. In Cana-
da, only four miles from Lake Superior there is one mountain
nugget of pure copper one thousand feet thick, which if it were
situated only a few miles to the south, in the United States,,
would be worth fifteen million dollars. The amount of visible
copper in that region is incalculable, but situated where it i", it
is all utterly valueless. We know the reason. Britain does
not want it, for her ocean vessels can load at the equally
unexh austible copper mines of Newfoundland. The United
States does n ot want it, for they have copper inside their ring
of nations, and outside cf that ring they never unnecessar-
ily go for F applies of raw material.

Let us form an idea of what ought to be in Canada, from
what is transpiring in the immediate vicinity, but unfortunately
across the line. Let us ascertain the profits of just two mines,
on the American side of Lake Superior. During the last 30
years they have paid to their owners an annual profit above all

-9—

expenses of coasklombly above $1,03 ),03D. PI:!ture wliat hives
of imliistry would be creabel around all those luineral treasur-
ies of ours, by Coutiiiental Union supplyin;; ^^^ needed enter-
prise, capital and markets. And then estimate, if you can, the
immensity of the direct beneiits that would result to our peo-
ple ; and the prosperity and happiness that would consetjUent-
ly permeate our homes. Canada, my country ! why continue
self-imposed, to enact the part of Tantalus, and the unattain-
Able life-sustaininjj ilrauijht ? The role is neither wise nor
heroic, and certainly is both cruel and unjust to those whose
welfare is sacredly entruste<i to your care.

The practical criterion of the mechanical yidvancement and
civilization of a nation is not its yearly crop of politicians, but *'
its annual />3r capita consumption of iron orj. The amount of •
the out-put of its mines is not necessarily identical with its in-
ternal consumption. The nation whose per capita use of iron
is the greatest in the world is the United states. Although it '-
contains only 5 per cent, of the earth's popu'ation, yet it con-
sumes annually one-third of the world's iron, steel, lead, and cop-
per, two-tifths of its coal, and one-half of its tin. Therefore,
right next door is the best mineral market on this globe. In
1892 our total mineral exports were only about !if5,000,000, of
which, notwithstanding the duties, the United States took 80
per cent. The American capitalist, having plenty of minerals
in his own country, does not work foreign mines under adverse
laws, when it is also necessary to pay a duty to get the miner-
als into the American markets. Hei\ce, the Bruce Tuines are un-
worked; while almost invvi thsight,in the United States, 7 million
to »8 of iron and copper ores were takea out in 1889, worth at
tue mines $25,O00,()U0, and at the point of delivery $35,000,000,
liaving paid S10,000,oOO for lake freights.

It has been admitted by Governor Andrews, of Mass., that
as a state of the American Union, Nova Scotia, having now the
requisites of iron, coal, and flux in proximity, would, with the
extra advantages of the aljacent markets of New England,
soon rival, if not excel, Pennsylvania in great ir)n industries.
The youth of Quebec are fleein.^ from the banks of our
biautiful St. Lawrence as if its shores were plague stricken.
The factories of thi Eastern States welcome them as the ma-
terial out of which to form the best of operatives. In future
our co-patriots would find congenial employment, without being
expatriated. As a free American state, Nova Scotia would also
ship immense quantities of coal from her inexhaustable mines

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to the bordorinf; New FiHgland States which are destitute of
coal. In Nova Scotia, seven hun(h-e(l I'eet under ground, tlie
writer saw mines work ei^ht liours for (10 cents. Miners would
then receive niciu's wages for men's work.

Here is a staitlin<f fact :— ;In the North West territories
and British Cohimhia the deposits of lignite and bituminous
cojil are larger than all England, and only Continental Union
will furnish, as an abundant and a.ssuredly permanent market,
the whole of the American Pacific coast.

Basing our calculations upon the well-known fact that
Wisconsin and Michigan employ one-fourth of a million miners,
Canada, with Continental Uni(m, will have in ten years at least
one-fourth of a million additional miners, and another one-
eighth of a million men employed in iron and copper manufac-
tories— -equal to an ad<litional population of nejirly two millions.
If we supj)Ose that under Continental Uniim the increase of our
mineral exports for all Canada will onl}^ equal the out-put of 2
states of the Union, Michigan and Wisconsin, we will have a
yearl}' increased out-put of $25,000,000. If we add to this our
present exports, it will g ve a total of S?80,0l'0,( 00 annually.
Our present export of !!r5,000,000 is comparatively an nonenti-
ty. No countrj- in the world is richer in minerals, and the in-
gigniiicance of our present mineral exports is solely caused by
our suicidal Continental isolation. Continental Union will give
us freely, fully and perpetually, the nearest and best mineral
market in the woild.

Two men wdl not enter into a contract to exchange com -
. modities unless each considers he is receiving in return goods of
equal value. Conunercial treaties between nations are also
<-ontracts of exchange to their mutual advantage, on the.
basis of giving and receiving equal benetitfi ; otherwise the
treaties will not be satisfactory or permanent. It must be re-
membered that the American Government is composed of pa-
triotic business men who desire every commercial treaty to be
to the advantage of their country. Con.sequeutly,they M'ill make
no treaty with Canada when the advantage is altogether in our
favor. Our iron being free from phosphorus is far superior to
theirs for the manufacture of the higher grades of iron and steel.
If our minerals were permanently admitttd free of duty, the
consequences would be that many of their mines would cease
operations, and thousands of men and millions of money would
be transferred to Canada. In fact, almost every dollar we
would derive from our minerals or from their manufactures

Would be Htloll.'U' taken frotii the United States. Therefore, an
regards our minerals, it wo\ild l>e an act of tlie niost consum-
mate tolly on the part ofc' the United States to enter into a
connnercial ti'eaty with Canada, which would he solely to the
injury of their country. The Auiericans, most assuredly, will
not extend the advantages tiiey {)ossess within their Uinon to
aliens, who do not desi/'e to l»enetit their countiy, who do not
assist in building it up or maintaining its laws, and whose otdy
object is selfish aggrandizement at its expense. This is not
li-kely to be the course pursued by a nation whose Hrst and only
interests are tiie welfare of its own people. Consecjuently, the
only method by which Canada can ^obtain an e(|ua1 share
Avith the States of the wealth to be derived from her minerals
is by complete unity of interests. This means Continental
Union.

Our present food exports to Great Britain, of wlieat, cheese
and beef, would not be sufficient to feed the two million ad-
ditional inhabitants that the opening of the American markets
for our minerals would give us.

' . II.— FISHERIES.

•A* !

The Sea Fisheries of Canada arc among the richest and
most important in the world, while tiie Fresh Water Fislieries
of the Great Lakes are nowhei'e to be surpassed, the total
Value of which, in 1801, was about ^20,000,000. Here again,
the Unitetl States i.s our best market. 1'he duty, liowever, being
^ cent per lb, the fisheunen, wherever possible unfurled their
flails and hastened to the American flag and have their liomes
on American soil, in order to enter their fish free of duty. This
is exemplified liy the fact that out of the total annual Lake
Erie catch of $^^,500,000, Canadian vessels captured less than
3500,000. Continental Union is the only policy that
will induce the fishermen to permantly locat their homes
convenient to the best fishing grounds, which are gen-
erally nearer the Canadian shores. Continental Union
would forever abolish the American duty on fish when
caught by Canadians. These duties at present hive the
fishermen on the American shores. Political Union would
cause the homes of the fishermen of Lake Erie to be equally
and permanently distributed along both the Can.adian and
American shores ; therefore, in all probability they would both
catch equal quantities of fish, which would be $1 ''),000 each.

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Thi.s would he three times the present Lake Erie cntch of the
Canaflijin iinherinen. If we apply tin's rule to the catch of all
Oiitaiio, it would increase the annual catch of fish cau«jht hy
those living on Canadian shoi-es and sailinf^ vessels Imilt in Ca-
nada by $0,000,000. If, in oider to be certain to be within tht.
hounds of reasonable probability, we only assert tliat Continent-
al Union will increase the catch of the fish of all Canada to the
extent that it would probably bc^netit one province, we have
still an annual hnancial increase to our wealth of ^6,000,000.

i';

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III.— SHIP BUILDING AND LAKE FREIGHTS.

Canada, besides thousands of miles of .sea coast, has the
largest and most important system of inland navigation in the
world, as illustrated hy Port Arthur and Liverpool being almo^j
e(iuidistant from our Atlantic ports.

Canada having timber which is in requisition the world
wide for ship building, wo M'ould naturally expect that the
American Clyde would be in Canada. But it is at Cleveland,
where, in 1891, new vessels were built hiving a tonnage of
71,000, which was 17,000 more tonnage than built in all Cana-
da. On the Great La'ces during 18^2 th"re were building on
the American side 50 steel steamers of 2,000 to 8,000 tons each,
and on the Canadian side, ordy two steamers of 200 tons. Only
one per cent, of the first-class shipping o."i the Great Lakes is
Canadian In 1892 the the total tonnage that pa.ssed through
the Canadian Welland Canal was less than one njillion, a gieat
part'of which was Ameiican through freight from Duluth and
Chicago to American Lake Ontario ports. Whereas the freight
that passed through the American Sault Ste Marie Canal was
over ten million tons, and that which passed by I'etroit was 25
million tons, only one per cent, of which was carried in Cana-
dian bottoms. No comments are necessary. .v ' •

The principal reasons for this deplorable condition are as
follows : —

The United states do not allow Canadian vessels to carry
freights from one American p(>rt to another. The American
doties do nt)t permit of a large trade in heavy freights from
Canada to the Unsted States. The only piesent outlet
from our North West is by means of the Canadian Pacific; and
this raih'oad takes good caie that no freights entrusted to it,
leave its line, so as to proceed fiom Port Arthur, by the other-
wise cheaper lake routes. Continental Union is thi only policy

IS-

vvlii( It w ill fil (>]i^li cvory one ot* tliCRe serious niu] unjust disad-
vrtut.'ifros t(» tlio iiiuriitf inteiosts of (jinuda.

Tl).' uiMJoj ity of our youu^' (Jnnadians, as '^("J^VI^^^'^y ^'*'~

come experienced seainci', move to the United Stafi^and Ik-
c»me Ameiiean citizens beeouHe only American citizens are per-
niitte<i U) sail in Ameiicaji vessels. It is to their interest to do
this, because the Americans pa}' far better V/ages. An able
seaman oldain.s froju 25 to J{5 per cent, and an ofl'icer frovn 20 to
;iO per ceiit hi^lier salaiy than he would receive if he sailed in
a CVvuadian Vessel.

The total annual value of the Creat Lakes' freight and
ship-building is now al>ont $45,000,' 00. When this ^45,000,
000 is ajuiuall}' paid out, (-r-iuula is conspicuous by receiving
less than S.'i,0( 10,000. Osdy I'olitical Union will enable her to
td.»tain lu^r just share ol" it

The inliabited poition of Eastern Canada possesses accoi-d •
ing to its area, more n»iles of navigable watei' than any part of
the Anuirican ('(tntment, — in fact it is tli<; Britain of America.
The Metliterranean an<l the (libi-altar of this C(jntine.it belong
to us, and the ocean outlet of the CJi'eat Lakes is ours. Though
natun has l>een hivish with us, yet, on jtceonnt of our foolish
isolation, our shores are comparative!}- sl»i[»less.

On the Ameiiean 8ld(^ of the ()r<'at i^akes prosperity and
enterpri.se have gone hand in hand. They have enlarged the
cjinals on tie upper lakes at g)'oat expense, but their wealthy
Republic felt it tu) burden. The con.stiucti<ai of the Sault Ste
Marie Canal letlects credit upon the Ainericiin nation, and its
eoinmerce exceetls that of the outlet of the Me<literfaneau to In-
«lia, the gi cut 8uez Canal. The leason the Kepublic ha* not, at
similar expense, improv<?d the navigation of tlie lower lakes is
because they do not possess the St. Lawience River, the outlet
to tlm ocean.

Continental Union would tiansform our shores, for the
American (lovernment has even now in conteruplation that, if
our dchtinies were united, the}' would deepen ami widen all the
<;anals .so that the hugest ocean vessels couKl sail direct fronj
Chicttgo and Port Arthur t(» London and LiverptA)!. 'Jhis would
make all (wv lake an«l river ports, in teality, oee«n port.s. 'I'htj
traffic would be innnenst*, for much of the Koil in the neighbor-
luKKi of our Orrat Lake? i« unsm passed i!i the world for fertili-
ty:; the mineral wealth is unecjualled; and the prairies of the far
west poui' out their jjo'den giain in ndlliiius of bushels. The
;^reut iniiMufu4L;turing and Hteix'antilo centres of the earth would

—14—

ha iilorior our inliitnl wate^, ami the coimiierco f>f the Me«Htoj'-
ranoun would he. small in coinpari.son with that of our CJreut
Lakes.

IV.— LUMBER.

The aiiuujtjt of tiinher annually cut in Canada is immense.
This fact may 1m^ realized from the ^io-antic H^fures necessary to
use when speakin<T ojf even that ]> art of the production of onr
forests which we export. In 1K90, amojj^ the Exports were
L500,000;'0*» f(;et of sawed lorrs, .5,500,000 cubic feet of square
timber, and 1,000,' 00 railroad ties. Besides these there were
exporte<l immense (piantities of har<l-w<X)d lumber, cord-woo<l,
pulp-W(X)d, tan-bjirk, shin<xles, fM;>sts, teletj^raph poles, etc.

The United States, having less timber per c«(pl.tathAn even
Germany, is our fjreat market The duty, however, varies from
Sl.OO to $2.50 pnr LOOO feet. This duty caused the Canadians
to contribute to the revenue of the (ireat Republic between
1S65 and 1890 $20,000,000 in onler ^hat access mi<,d>t hepiined
for our luml)er to the markets of tl's continent. The result,
from- the American duty and the ^vant cost to send the lumber
to any other country, is that it only renmnerates us to saw into
lumber for export the choicest, logs out of <^aeh tree that is cub
down. C »nse [uently, nd lions of dollars worth of inferior
lo^s are annually left to rot in ourtimlier limits, as the writer's
eyes have seen.

Basing our calculations upon the above giant figures, and
rememV)ering that our exports of .$23,(i83,(i7o annually, only re-
present that part of the felled timber which is renmnerative
under existing circumstances, we cannot place the unnecessary
yearly waste of our inferior lumber at less than S2,000,000 an-
nually. Continental Union is the only policy that will per-
manently give Canada all the adjacent markets of this Continent
free of duty. This will enable lier to obtain remunerative
prices for her inferior grades of pine and hartl-wood lumber
•MiH tinjber, now not worth paying the duty on and exporting.
This wjiste and loss would then cease, and we would effect an
annual saving of at least $2,000,000 worth of the products of
(jur forests, now allowed to rot on account of the duty debarring
them from free admission to the near markets af the Unite*!
States.

A perusal of the tra<le and navigation report ftxr 1892, re-
veals the followiufif facts, well worthy of the attention of tho
inhabitants of the Province of Ontario : —

-15-

The value of tlio fcotul exports, tlic pro'livjts of this Province,
were in i8f)2 ls?29,!> 1 5,9130, ol' vvliich $400,000 were from our
lisUeneis, $iS75,<iOO from our mines, ^»S,332,000 from our forests,
J515,800,000 from our ftiruis, and only §8,404',O()0 from our f ic-"
tories,

C>f these tot»il exports of thirty rnillions (^f (Ir)llars, tiic
Unitetl States, riotwitl'-stundinrj tlie retstrlctioiis inip'seG upon
tnule bou<^^ht IHk million flollani worth, iiud Britain with the
j^reat advantage of free trade market" only 11.^ mdlion dtjilars
worth, whieh ivS 58 per cent to the United States and only 38
per cent, to Britain^

Tlifise tigures revive our faith in the accuracy of the faded
mop of Upper Canada that hung on the walls of the old school-
house of our boyhood.

The Pi-ovince of Ontario was there depicted, not as a part of
Fi'.rope, but as being snugly wedged in betweii the states of
New York and Michigan, and with them fonmng the center of
the Eastern half of the Continent of North America.

But to resume, the United States bought all the lumber
exported by Ontario, and this lumber formed one-half of the
total exports of this province to the Republic.

This i-itanding timber was not the product of the labor and
.skill of man, neither ooes nature produce it rapidly. Canadians
little know how quickly and recklessly our grand forests nre
being annihilated. The government, satisfied with collecting
tlues from the choicest timber, allows the rest to rot or to be
burnt together with the very .soil which could, if preserved only
in generations hereafter, reproduce it No generation is now en-,
titled to more of this tindoer than nature pro<luces during the
life-time of that generation, and any infringment upon this rule
is a violation of the rights of our descendants, and an over-
drawn! upon the capital entrusted to our province.

Some of the legislators of Ontario pose as paragons of po-
litical rectitude and economy. . 1

Would you consider the trustee who recklessly used up
both the interest and the capital of a valuable estate, belonging
to infant heirs to be either honest, economical or truthful when
he said : — " Admire me for I have managed the estate well. We
are not in debt" How the minors of that estate would at their
majority curse that trustee.

The Ontario governments have connived at and Miared in
the profits derived from the wholesale and reckless destruction
of the forest heritage of the future generations of Canadians.

-18-

fir

They have Hvod upon the capital of our Proviuct^ au«l not Upon
it i lef^itiiuate iucoine. The grout Hourco of thoir iticoirie, th*'
forcMt part of our CH})ital will hoou h(; fro\u\ — and what tlion ?

Foreseeinf:f this npproachirif^ ilt:Hci(nu:y in thr rcvci^ufj, an
attempt was m.uU' by >'Ur piovincial loi^^i.'ihitures to (luph(!at<;
thjir forest utethod upon ou'- mineral \v(vilth. by nu3an!^ of I'oyal'
ties and export duties, with th ; rrsult, that tfiese inl'mt indus-
tries w« '/e nipped in the bud, ami aU capitali.rits Wf;r(3thu.s ni idc
cojn;nii'. it of the existence of the above facts, i.nd tht; re-sultaut
dar^.'rio taxable investments in Ontario.

The consequence is, that no capitalist feels safe in invest-
ing an}' large amount of money in Working mines in Ontario
under our existing Provincial (Joverrnrjent.

Besides the waste of our timber, there is another ^reat Io.sh
in our lumber business on account of continental isolation. The
United States nead our timber, but at the sanje time desire to
obtain all the employment po.ssible for their citizcnn. Conse-
quently, they allow logs to enter their country free of duty, —
but they put a duty of $1.00 per 1,000 feet on roughly )>awn
boards, and a higher duty of S2.50 per 1,000 on ail Ijoards that
are plained and groved, and still a higher duty on all lumbei*
that is more highly finished. The result is, that Canada is ti
hewer of wood, and the United StateH saw, plane and linish. Tt
prove this, the Spanish River district furtiished 14(»,000,(K)0 feet
of unsawn logs to the United States : and three quarters of the
logs that were sawed hist year at the extensive mills at Bay
City and Saginaw, Michigan, were from Canada. Where it is
impossible to export it altogether free of duty i)\ the crudi;
shape of logs, it is sawn in Cana<hi into rough boar<ls, and these
are sent to the United States at the lowest possible duty.
These rough boards are then planed and tinished in the United
States by thousands upon thousands of American workmen.

Continental Union would chancje all this. 'J'hc lndk and
freight is far less when the lumber is sawn and finished. Ld>oi'
is cheaper in Canada, and our water powers are more numer-
ous and more conveniently situated fort'. is work. Consequent-
ly, if there were no duties between us and our An»eriean nmrk-
ets, almost all the lumVjer would l)e sawn and finislied in Cana-
da. As the result of this now demand for lalx)r, it has been
carefully estimated by ai> Ottawa lumber king, that, when con-
tinental union is consummated, the population of his city will
immediately increase one-half. What would l«^ true of Ottawn.
would also be true of many of our other towns ami hamlets.

fii

"T rtror"

. -• ,'1

'I'hifi would ^Mcatly incrousc our pro-^jK-'i-it}', rtud also fuinish
tinploynient to many tliouHaiuls who ^rt.' now uunuully coui-
}>cllu(i t(» leave their Caumliati honitJH. Our luirily and skilliu!
siiantvinri) ami river-di"ivoi"H are univcrsallv acknowlodiit^J 1»\-
all extensive travellers to be ' .u; Ixvst nion in the wm-ld at their
occupations. These fearless sons of toil 'vijuld fclien ol)t!i.in con- .
|:;enial eniploynient in our numerous mills and fjictories v.heii
ciipple<l by accident, rlieumatism or old a^e. Only political
union will induce nhe United Stat(!S to take the duty ott" the
finished lumber, and thus reliufjuish this ^reat source of wealth
to Canada — who w mid then be their sister. : . .•. :»>■

Politicians, who asjiire to the dignity of C-ina^llan state;^- •.
hien, will do well to solve this [)roblem. Whether is it better to
H,dvocate a policy that will furnisii employment for Canadians
at home in Canada, ami liavc other natioris pay us for the lin-
ishod products of our lab(U" 't Or to I'emain as vvc are — mere-
ly the [turveyors of raw material, the hewers of wood for for-
eign countne.s ?

i V— CANADIAN EXILES. ^ ■.; ::

Remember t.he fate of Spain I Drained of hei' young blood,
she lost her vig( i-, and fron\ a Hrst-class power fell to a third. /
Britain's emigrants arc chiefly in families, therefore emigration '
is not injurious to iier. Our emigrants ai"(; ]U!ncii)ally young
men. 'JMiese men, intellectually oi- physically, no nation can
cfjual or replace. A nation, whose policy annually' expatriates'
li'jr most vigorous young men, must eventually deterioi'ate both
mentally and physically, because the powerful leave, and tlu
weaker elements of its population renmin. The effects of a policy
oi this nature are more detrimental to a country than a pestil-
ence or a famine, for these carry off princi[»ally the weak and
tlie aged. This being the ca.se, it is the solemn duty of every
patriot to put aside all mhior and ba.ser motives and consult in
a friendly spirit with his, brother Canadians, how best the
strides of an evil, more injurious to his country than pestilence
or famine, nuiy be stopped. This e.vodus of our 3'outh is a fatal
blow at the vit^ility of o\ir nation; therefore, we must remember
.that sometimes desperate diseases require desperate remedies,
and that any efficacious remedy is bet tei* than the couHequences
of a fatal disease. Let us be patriots to our beloved Cmiada,
and look atthe facts squarely and imflinchingly, and innnedia-
tely apply the remedy that our reason tella us will be the ino«t

:)•'■■ X

'.•^

'' ^',!i ''■'<'""'"tir^'Tf ''■*"*■"

-18-

certain and permane:it. It i» both wronpf and foolish for us to
allow the ci)heineral politics of tho hour, or preJndiccH concerning
the distant or tho pist. to militate against tliu pro-*ont wultarc
of our honiCH and Canada.

Those wiio do not wish to recognize the dui)reHHion existing
in Canada, as the cause of the prcMont exodus, "ay that there
has always been a di'ift of population from the coldei- to the
milder climates ; and that as 8(»on as the Middle ■'"'^itas are till-
ed, tliere will be a reflux of emigration to CaTiuda. This is true
to only the most limited extent. Our young men are the sons
of hardy sires. These sires, in search of homes and fortune,
left the milder climate of Britain to come to what was then
considered a frozen wilderness. Our young men, like their
forefathers, seeing little hope of success at home go where
fortune favors. If tho brightest prospects of success on
this continent were 200 miles north of their Canadian houies,
there they would go. Success they are determined to achieve;
difficulties, even dangers, are only an incentive to action. If
the chances of success in Canada and the States were equal,
they would prefer to reside in Canada. Converse with the
next ten Canmlian emigrants you meet, and be convinced that
eifieminfwy is not a characteristic of our countrymen. To further
pirove this, our youth settle in parts of tho United States that are
on an average as cold as their Canadian homes ; and this, too,
•when Florida and Southern California would welcome them as
readily as %lichigan or Dakota.

The emigration from Canada to the States is about three
hundred daily- This includes both those born in Canada and
in foreign countries.

The population of the three counties adjoining the county
in which the writer's home is situated, have decreased 12 per
cent, during the last ten years. Then contrast this fact: — The
three states bordering on his provin< e have increased in popula-
tion during the same time as follows: — New York, threo-«juai*-
ters of a million ; Ohio and Michigan half a million each.

Chicago, during the same time, increased moie in wealth
and population than all Canada, and to-day contains more Ca-
nadians than any city in the Dominion, west of Montreal, with
the single exception perhaps of Toronto. Detroit has a popn latiou
of 260,000. Windsor, with equal shipping facilities,and with four
railroads entering it, has only 10,000. Seventeen years ago
Manitoba and Dakota started even, with 14,000 whites each ;
to-day Dakota contains more people than the Douiinion can

/■'■■■

—19-

l»o»ist of Ix'twoon Ottawa and tlio Pacific Ocean. In many
countifH of Dakota tlie fir-Nt (|uostion that one naturally asks a
Htrannror is, " Well, what part of Canada did you come
from r

Isolate any one of the States of the American Union from
iho Jest of thi.s Continent, and its fate will ho similar to that of
Cana<la.

Continental Union, by distrihuting tlu; attrjicting factories
and morcjuitile enterprises e(jually over this Continent, opening
up our niiruis, and ^ivin^ us our rightful nun»V»er of tishermen,
ship-lniilders and sailors, will increase the population of Canada
several millions. We would retain at least HO,00()n)en out of the
many thousand more who annually leave us to assist in Vmild-
ing up the <j[reat country to the south. A man on an averafje
pays into the revenue of his country $1,000 during his life-time
in diject and indirect ta.xation. Thirty thousand Caujulians re-
tain each year hereafter, at $1,000 per capita, is $30,0o0,0()0
annually. If w;e confine our attention to the an)ount of rev-
enue the Unitsd States obtains by means of taxes alone, from
these 30,000 Canadians, it declares that Cinaila makes the
United State?5 a yearly ^ft, eijuivalent to $30,000,00). No
wonder Canada is poor when she has thus been aiding; the
United States to rapi<lly pay off their national debt. If we
capitalize this $30,000,000 at four per cent, per annum, it is
e<piivalent to a capital of $750,000,000. In other words, if Ca-
nada wished to depo.sit a sum of money so that the n;terest
thereof, at four per cent, per annum, would be equivalent to the
value of this annual e.\o<lus, she would re<iuire to deposit
$750,000,000.

VI— IMMIGRATION. ^ +

The enr'^rant from Europe is generally & man dissatisified
with kingly nde ; consequently, i'40t desirous of becoming again
a suhjtct, even of her most Gracious Majesty, but wishes to he
the monarch of himself. Even of the total British emiofration
of 18')0, the United States got 80 per cent.

Being a part of an Empire, is the principal reason that the
emigrant from the Continent of Europe avoids CiinjwJa. Bo-
cause, all kingdoms ami empires, Britain included, for their own
j-^alous interests, have mutually enacted, that taking the oath
wf allegiatico to a foreitjn potentate, does not free any man from
military servitude to the laud of his nativity. The German

•T-f'-f/t"*? f'-T, './*>' w:'Tl*f;'"

--«0-

'H:':

&..

;<'*'

.,;V

i;v;

nu"l !^('!Mi(]iMa\liui nniii'rant., uImmi l«'nviii;j )ils liomc mH"! fatluM'-
laml. ]u\H a iinn intention to rc\isit tlionit, hut In; fit-sires t«) \>o
alile Ui rtitnrtj from Aincricn, without tlw^ IV-ur of li<'ii)£» jm-
)»i»*ss<mI into a KmopoHn nr-iny. Me knows tlmt th« foi*(M'f»n-
i)ovn Aincviran <'iti;'(;n is ulniost the ttnly ninn, who om valk
th»i Mtn-titM of his iinti\*' Euiopcan town witho»it the dread of
(•()tiscription. ( Jons»>(|iu!ntly, the Kijio])can wisely «Mnij,M*at('S to
•the AiiH'iirati Krpnhlio, ami not h> a part of the l^.ritish ICtn-
plro. I'herd i.y also on tlu* Coiitiru-nt (»f Kurope, anuaifj the
<lennans mi.' Scamlinavians, tlu- saMw jculous Mvcrsiorj against
all things ICn<;li,sli, that some Cajwulians have ag;uinst thf
AniericaiiK. » ,. *

Canada has only retained 10,000 r.nt of th(> MOO.OOO iinnn-
^Tants that she has imported from Knrope dnrif)ic the hust t<Mi
years, at a cosf to Ikm-, of h.-tween S,'i,O0(),0(><) and 84,000,000.
The )irnni;^rards have, nocepted the ussist^'d passa^^es ofllerod
l»y (^laiiada to nid them to reaeh the (Jnited States. Hence,
i-aeh immi;,ri';viit that (Vnada retaineil Cd^t hei" nearly $200
whieli was jjjst ^l!)!).9f) uiorff than some of them were worth to
any country.

The [Tnited States iinnii«;;iatiou was, at the close of the
American war, 7:;0,0()0 annually. Duiiu;^' the last few years
, the K(;j)ul)lie has rejt.'Cte I tlie undesirahle applicants for ndniis-
- sion to her country ,and thus j-estricted tht^ immi^rmtionto 500,000
a y«.'ar. Unlike Canada, it did not desij'e to inipoit mental
' moral an<] })liysical contaminations from the slums of the cities
of Britiiin or tln^ Continent, even if they paid their own pass-
ages. The States have now only a small <|uani,ity of tii'st-class
'. land to ofFer to settlors whicli does not re(|uiro expensive
irrieation. f t^ vv '

Canada poHRpRes ^roat undeveloped minenil wealth and
larj^e areas of unoccupied and fertile laud ; therefore, under
(Continental Unioji, she will be the pai-t of the n(!W confederacy
that will he specially l>oomed. M my of the present inhabit-
ants of the Unite<l States will then immigrate to Kastern Can-
ada, an<l develop our ndnes.and find *!mploymeiit in new nianu-
faeturi.ipi' industries. There will also be a lar^e influx from the
Western States to the ^nuierous paviirios of our North West. In
addition, (^anada wdll obtain a great part, if not the ^reat<'r
pait, of the large immigration that naturally temds from north
vvn Europe to America. Continental Union is the only powei-
thatwiJ] cause the eH'ective American itn migration agencj'to booin
Cainula, to fill up our North West, to rcaliise tho di'ouui of 20

t'MimfAsimii^miii:

-21-

millions in our l)onlers, »uul to fiiui Incnvtivn employtncnt f < r
tlunii nil. If wo limit tin's tinnunl streiitn of innni^mtion to
40,000 mon, AmcricunH, Miitons, ScamliimviariH and normanH, it
yet moans an enorn)(»u« luldition to Cunajln's vi*Mltli. Slio
would tloiive fron» each of tliwn on nn nv( rapo !?1,G()0 <lu»-
\u^ his life-time Ity nuuns of (lii(-:ct and indirect taxation.
Forty thousand iunni^'rmitH yearly at Sl.Oi'Oeach in 340,000,000
annually.

The Canadi.m (l(»veri»mentfl must consider immigration to le
desiralde, for they httveH\)ent mnny uiillions of dollars upon this
((hjeet. The advocates of Continental llrdon have an immigra-
tion j^ ^liey toHuliuwt to the the approval of the voters of Can-
ada, ') is one of the most jwlvantaijeous an<l ^if^antic that
lifts fnc IX un offered to the consideration of any country in the
Nvorld. If our present ^overnmt-nt could induce the entire
population of France to settle in Canaila, and brin^ all their
sunny tieUis with thean, tiny would neither, in population or
territory, equal the ad\antaffes offered hy this policy If the
jj^overnniont aKso induced the whole population of Norway,
Sweden, Holland and Delginm to endgrate to Canada and brin^j
all thoii- mountains and fertile vales with them, all these would
not yet counterbalance. If in despair, our government com-
pelled Switzerland, Portugal, Turkey-in-Europe and Greece,
with all their territories and populations, to also move to C'un-
ada, these millions belonging to i.-any nationalities, would now
oidy equal the population that Continental Union offers
to Canada. But this supposed innnigration would possess a
glaring and ""reparable defect. The j)opulatiou would not bo
sinnlar to our own, and we would never be able to assimilate
these diverse millions, for we cannot even assimilate the pros-
ejit population of Canada.

The inimediate imndgration that Contine»ital Union offers
to Canada is (J5,OGO,<100, not of foreigners, but of our own
biethren already at home in our own continent. Many genera-
tions will puHs away, before Europe will offer to Canada a simi-
lar number of immigrantfi.

The population of the United States cousumep more /^cr
capita of botli the necessities and luxuries of life, than any
country in Europe, and the Republic possetjses morp men who
can read and write than any trans-Atlantic nati<'n. But somo
nay the!>,e 65,000,0('0 (U> not live in Canada. This is true, but
the nujjoi ity of them live nearer Canada than the Provinces
arc tc each other. Theii- pe<'ple are also more similar to the

Canadians who reside in the contiornons Provinces, than th«
populations of the distant purta of Canada are *'" aach other.
New York State is nearer to Ontario than Prince i:^ ward Island,
and the people are also more similar. The inhabitants <»F Mani-
toba and Dakota are almost identical, and only a road 8e})aratfcS
them; — But British Columbia'and Quebec are far asunder in
the characteristics of their people, as they are di.stant in terri-
tory. Carefuliy consider whether it irf better to accept our
relatives the United States of Britons, about whojn we know
the best and the worst ; or to take 65 million imnii^'rants from
Europe to our bosom, about whom we know little, and that little
often in their disfavor ?

VII— DUTIES.

We pay $6,000,000 annually in (iuties to the United States
in order to get our products to their markets. Only Continen-
tal Union will entirely and permanently remove this barrier to
commerce, and payment of tribute to the revenues of the United
States without any correspond ingf benetit to Canada.

VIII-CUSTOM HOUSES AND DOMINION GOVERN-
MENT.

The great extent of the dividing line between Canada and
the United States, a patrol of 4,000 miles, and the ample facili-
ties thus afforded for smuggling, necessitates both governments
maintaining an army of custom officials. It ia stated by the
Government of the United States, regarding her custom houses
lx)rdering on Canada, that the cost of collection, compared to
the amount collected, is disproportionately large, in comparison
with any other part of her revenue. This is also true in Can-
ada. Continental Union will dismiss the majority of tke offi-
cers now belonging to the Canadian custom houses bordering
on the United States, and allow them to add by useful labor
to the wealth of their respective provinces.

The internal government of our provinces will not be per-
ceptibly changed by Continental Union. The Provincial gov-
ernments will remain almost unchanged, and, in addition to
their present legislation, they will perform a great part of that
now done at Ottawa. The Dominion Government, with its useful,
ornamental and expensive adjuncts, now numbers over 3.50
salaried members and officials, either employed or lounging

—23—

around the PaiTianient buildings at Ottawa. Continental
Union will promote about 40 of these to a hit^her and larger
sphere of action, and permit over 300 to retire to private life,
a<iding thereby to their own and the nation's wealth.

The saving thii(t will be effected by Continental Union in
tlie Dupartinent of CuHtoins and the Dominion Government will
exceed $1,000,000 annually. This saving can only be effected
by Continental Union, for the most vivid imagination cannot
conceive of the Governor General, Higli Ciniimissioner, Senate,
— in xhort, of HOO of the membirs ami silaried officials at Otta-
wa, disbanding themselves just for the goo<l of Canada;
still less of them, dismissing the majority of their umfnl
lieutenants in the Customs Depai'tment, to earn honest bread
Many of those persons who would be dismissed are estimable
as private indiviiluals. hut, in their present positions they are
a great an<l useless expense — a tax and restriction upon couj-
merce; consequently an injury to us and to the prcj^perity of
Canada.

IX— CANADIAN DEBT.

The Don ^'»Mon and Provincial debts, amounting now to at
least $260,000,000, will be assumed under Continental Union
by the new C/onfederacy. Canada then will pay her />er capita
siiareof the total debts of the new nation. Th'is $200,000,000,
although now $52 per capita to our Canadian population, will
be, under Continental Union, less than $4 per capita to the new
confederacy of 70 million people. The present United States
debt is $10 per capita which, added to the $4 as above, will
give $14 as the debt per capita to the new Confederacy. Then
the debt, to 5 million Canadians at $14 per capita,yf\\\ be a total
of $70,0 0,000, instejul of our present $260,000,000. This would
represent a saving of $190,000,000 to Canada. Nothing but
Continental Union will cancel this large amount of our indebt-
edness. This debt, if it annually increases as in the past, will .
•ventuaily crush us.

X— REAL ESTATE.

The total value of the real estate of the Canadian people is
not in the Canadian year book, but the wealth of all
Canada is state<l to be $4,765,000,000. Hence, the probable value
of the real estate is at least $3,200,000,000.

Tax sales, vacant houses, and deserted farms speak of a

-Si-
lack of population hi Canada. Ouv unworked mines and sliip.
loss shores tell of a lack of markets for heavy freights undui'
oxisbing circumstances. The comparison of quotations for
urjiicultural products here and in the adjoining States pro-*
claims continental isolation. Tiiese are the chief causes of the
depreciation in the values of real estate, too keenly folt to re-
(juire comment.

Continental Union, by incrcAfliug the population, volume
of trade, a id wealth from mine, sea, Held and forest, will cause
the ralue of real estate to advanci'^ at least 25 percent, through-
out the Dciminion. This will effect a gain to Canada of $800, -
000,000 in rCcd estate values- During the boom you would
doubtless unload a few choice corner lots.

XI- AGRICULTURE.

Last, but greatest of all cr>raes the industry of agricul-
ttirg. Out of our population of 4,829,411 — 56 per cent, of
2,704,470, derive their living from our farms. This gives Canada
considerably over half a million farmers, A comparison of the
market reports of the similarly .situated Canadian and Ameri-
can markets, reveals the deplorable fact, that our farmers only
receive two-thirds of the price obtained by the American farv
ers, for the two-thirds of our a^icultural products, for wl I
our continent is the natural, and consequently the best marke./^
Farmers, take your pencils and figure each for himself the
amount you lose each year on swcount of being deprived of your
rightful share of the markets of this continent. Recollect
you not only lose on what you send to the States, but also on the
same classes erf your products when you sell them in Canada,
We are saie in stating that ^2.03 per acra each year is a very
moderate figure at which to average this loss. The number of
acres under actual cultivation is on an average 50 acres to each
Canadian farmer, making a total of 25 million acres. A>
•loss of $2.00 per acre means a loss to Canada each year of $50,-
000,000 on the products of agriculture. Only Continental
Union will permanently prevemt this. loss. Is not a Canadian
farmer as much of » man as an American ? Do not his labors*
deserve equal remuneration ?

••"O-

Tt li!ivin;j been proved that Continental Union will increase
the Ixappiness and prosperity of our homes, more tiian an}-
other political policy, let Canadians, by all constitutional and
peaceful means, promote its adoption ; hut only upon equal and
lionorah'e terms, and with the consent of Great Britain. Let
us advocate it kind y but firndy and persistently.

SUCCESS IS INEVITABLE.

-•itr^

■1..:. ,^' '..;•■ ■

". ,''V' :''■■

'"l"-f 'v

''■■ .'t.

,;,l/^:

Continental Union,

-o-

Canadian realer, >«ben C9nsiderln<r thi^ subject your mind
is parainouuUy influenced by one of tiiree sentiments:

BRITISH PATRIOTISM ;

HATRED OF THE UNITED STATE-?, or
' CANADIAN PATRIOTISM.

Please carefully classify yourself before proceeding.

-o-

A ZOLLVEREIN OP THK BRmSH NaTIOXS 18 DECLARED BY

History to be Inkvitable.

A love of Unity and Freedom is elianicteristic of the
BritiKh race.

Of all the nations of the world Eiiglanc? has aTwij's leil in
the van of freedom. Scotland, wh(/»e heath a conqueror never
trod, united with England, Ireland and Wales in forming tho
united kingdom of Great Britain and Irelan<l. On the union
«)f the races the islo8 prospered as no other European nation

^27-.

[(Id

in
er
ho
on
on

ever Ims. The people tnultiplied, until t))e latid cdu1«1 not coh»
tjiin their millions, then the restless and daring among
them bid farewell to their homes and crossed tiie Atlantic,
fiiitain, kind and generoup, forgot for a moment the h>ve of the
rncc i' V frceflo'n, and Whs rigorous with her transAtlantic
offspring. The colonies, loving t'l-eedoni as well us the parent,
threw oft' the restrwining hand. Tlie spirit of Unity still guid-
ing our race pi*on)pttd the thirteen colonies to unite in one
people — the United States of Britons. Since thca the rapidit}'
and vastness of their pmsperity has amazed the world. The
motherland has not since attempted to infringe upon the liber-
ties of her children.

Britain, had also other colonies transplanted world wide,
on whom the spirit of unity so prevailed, that they have re-
tained their allegiance to her even when to their financial in-
jury. Six colonies of Britons dotted the coast of the continent
of Australia;the spirit of unity breathed upon them, and they arc
consolidating themselves into one Commonwealth— a name singu-
larly appropriate. Seven smal' isolated provinces were scat*
tered along 4,000 miles across A ^rica ; in answer to the same
call they became one Dominir- The history of our race is a
lecord of amalgamations. We have seen they have been mule
upon every possible occasion from the dawn of old Anglo*
Suxon history to the uiiion of our Dominion.

What do all these unions declare? Remember history re-
peats itself. We are the descendants in the characteristics of
nund as well as in tluxse of Ixwly, of the men who in times
past consolidated weak clans and hostile tribes into a great na-
tion, at whose warlike array Europe trembled. It is therefore
apparent to the student of history, that unless prevented, a
great Zollvei-ein of the Anglo-Saxons of the world will be form-
ed, with Britain, the old motherland in the center ; — clustering
around her will be her children, — the free British nations of
the earth, — the greatest of which will be United North
Auierica.

Now, British patriot, in the interests of our race heed the
spirit of unity, who.se promptings liave been the cause of our
power and prosperity. This dominan' family has only two
divisions ; Britain with her colonies, ana the United States of
Britons. The connecting link is Canada. Upon Canada rests
the responsibility of creating between them constant discord or
perpetual peace. Under existing circumstances constajit dis*
cord is declared by history to be inevitable. History is given

'■T'

-28—

US for entertainmont, in-^truction, and espociully for wnrniTipf.
In all its aofOH and ail its lanmianfes it roitcrate.s the rlanijor of
man making two nations out of what tho Ahnighty created to
be one. One nation slionld include all those wlio live witliin
the same groat natural houndries of mountains or oceans, who
speak the «no language, have the same faith, obey the same
laws and are oF the one blootj. Canada and the United States
were formerly one people, and are yet identical in all the re-
quisites to be again one nation ; even their laws are upon the
common basis of the English laws; hence, in remaining apart
they are la'eaking one of nature's laws. Penalties are invaria-
bly and wisely attached to the infraction of any of His great
laws of natuie. The penalty attached to the lirea'ting of this
law is jealousy with all its resultant evds. This is proverl by
every divitled nation in ^ivery age. Let us confine ourselves to
our own race and watch the effects. The history of the clans
of Scotland and the heptarchy of England is written in bloofl.
Unions brought internal peace. On their consolidation into
separate kingdoms, Englanrt no sooner wage<l war on the con-
tinent than Scotland crossed tlie boi'ders. Pillage and blood-
shed pointed out tlie track of her raiders. Tiien, EngUiml re-
turning in her might devastated the lowlands of Scotland.
Union conferred peace, good fellowship and prosperity. The
war ot 1812 was model e I upon the former history of our race.
Jiritain was again at war in Europe, and the United States
vainly attempted to w)"est Canada from her. To-day jealousy
resorts to war between the divided nation in America, — a war
of taritt's, the next to bloodshed, and oft:;n culminating in blood-
shed. Union will confer peace and plenty as in the past. Who-
ever aids in maintai lintr or fosterinif the jealousies betv^een
Canatla and our relatives to the South, is guilty of attempting
to injure botli Canada and Britain ; therefoie he is not a patriot
either to Canada, Old England, or his race, but a traitor to
them all. This union of the Anglo-Saxon, fir.it of America, and
then, of th(i world is inevitable, because it is in acconhmco with
the noblest characteristics of our race, and a fulfilment of one
of His laws of nature.

Canada will soon attain her majority, and not remain un-
der the guardianship of England, but become an independent
nation. This will cause her to attain more of the distinctions
of a separate nation, whereas now she is in a plastic condition.
Our prosperity will in the meantime be retarded, consequent-
ly the union will be upon Jess advantageous terms anti Larder

-29—

"onofe/lferc/eR,

of accomplish I runt. Tliu union will not then furnish refisons
for frrat'tude toxvard Biituirj on the part of either nation.
Whereas now, if the union he etfeeted, Canada will feel grateful
to the UiOther who, to benefit lier daughter, sanctioned hei'
union with her prosperous relative. The United States will
also feel grateful to the motherland foi- the further gift of Caa-
ada. The friendship lietween the Anglo-Saxons, whose shores
are laved by the Atlantic, will then endure until time is no
more.

British patriots, the a<lvocates of Continental Union are in
your rankft, and will a<lvocate no policy that will not beneHt
England, Canada, and our race at large. The consideration of
this policy will be laid at the foot of the British throne. Our
beloved Queen and httr wise councillors will deside upon it.
When it receives their sanction and that of the parliaments of
Canada and ihitain and the Congress of America, then ifc must
be loyal to adopt it. That it will be sanctioned is certain, for
all the events of the past point in this direction. Why else did
britain in 1815 cede to the United States domain enough for
nn empire, — a strip 800 miles wide across America from ocean
to ocean ? Why else than to aid her child in her financial
trouble did she gives lier $] 5,o00,0(.0 at the close of the American
war? Why has she in every treaty favored the United States,
— except that, she considers the prosperous Republic as her
well-beloved first-born, and that in benefiting her she, is en-
trusting to the hands of a wise guardian the heritage of the
I'iice in America, includiuir that of (iiuada ?

FINANCIAL BENEFITS TO BRITAIN.

The majority of our Canadian families are more nearly
allied to the iidiabitants of the United States than to those of
Great Britain, yet Britain is the land we love best after Canada,
though we pay nothing to her revenues, — the only bond of
unity being andty and trade. Our purchases from the British
Islands are so'^e ^40,00<',000 annually, with a profit to Britons,
personally unknov^n to us, of $4,000,000, just a fe7t cent jnece
profit to each one of Britain's 40,000,000 inhabitants. British
patriot, in tliis piactical age be practical, and not a dreamer of
antiquated phantasies, that are utterly devoid of anj' pecuniarj^
value. Realize that only in propoition as a political policy en-
riches Canada, will it be in the power uf Canada by her in-
creased trade to tii.aitcially benefit England. Canadians arc

rin>.ftSit»>'',*>*'«ii*

-.10-

never nip^ards with their money. Only Cimtinentfil Utiion,
by increasing our numbers and purehrtiinj( power, can enable
ua to financially benefit Britain. This cm only be done by an
increase of legitimate trade, flowing; in natural, not in forced,
channels. The benefits the motherland obtains from Cana<la
are solely derived from the profits whe realizes on our purchases
from her.

We cannot buy from Britain without money. But, some
Hay, we send England cheese for example, and she does not pay
us in money, but in manufactured goods. This is nonsense.
Every president of a cheese factory knows that the cheese buy-
er never yet said : — " I will not buy your cheese unless you
take dress goods in pay.' No, he gave him a check on the
Bank.

But to resume ; Canada derives her money from 'vhat she
sells; in other words, from the amount of cash she receives from
the sale of her experts to Britain and America. Therefore, the
increti.se of our trade with Britain depends upon adopting apolicy
that will cause us to obtain an increased amount of money f ro u
the total of our European and American exports, and which
will also increase the number of our population, and Britain's
customers. Continental Union will leave Canada upon the
bame footing as before, as regards the amount of mone\ she
will receive for her tran.s-Atlantic exports ; and it will enable
her to obtain a far larger amount of money from that half of
her exports for which this continent is the best market. Con-
sequently, British patriot,if you really desire to financially bene-
fit Britain, advocate the political union of Canada an I th j
United States, for this policy will, more than any othar, increase
our population and Bntain's customers, and furnish all of them
with more money with which to purchase British uixnut'astures.

MILITARY ADVANTAGES TO BRITAIN.

Canada, by uniting her destiny with the United States,
will abolish the many small, but none-tho-lews irritating causes*
of friction and war between Britain and America. It is an in-
disputable fact that these hare in the past often caused serious
alarm, and that in the event of war, Canada would be again
the battle ground.

In the event of Continental Union, Britain, wise in naval
affairs and powerful on the sea, will retain an island on the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts for naval stations. To this America.

-41-

will not object, for Britnin is our parent. Wlio is afraid of un-
provoked injury fioni his mother ? Then, by allowing Hri-
tuin th«! privilege of sending Jicross our continent, men an<l
frtiglit, other than arms and munition, she will retain all her
present military udvantagea

The inventigation of tlie causes of modei^n warfare is un-
speakably sad, yet intensely interesting. Fear has been the
piincipal cause of the recent wai-s on the Continent of Europe.
Tyranny, afraid of the brave anil the thinkers, has incited and
compelled them to slaughter. Britain, reclining securely be-
hind her ramparts of freemen, who beheaded and (jut-lawe<l her
despots, need not aid the projects of ft>reign tyrants. The de-
sire for the absorption of blacks and their landed piopertv has
been the direct or indirect cause (»f the modern wai*8 of Bri-
tain.

Canada, a civilized agricultuial country, existing in a
thoughtful age, and far removed fn)m the arenas of strife, must
have an adequate and worthy motive, before she will arm her
citizen soldiers to face death on foreign battle fields. Our Can-
ada neither needs nor desires HK)re blacks or their territory ;
therefore whether we be a colony, an independent nation, or
afiiliated with the Anglo-Saxons on this Continent, we will
not as a nation, aid Britain in her foreign wara for territory.
But Continental Union being consummated, if ever Britain,
diiven from her outposts, was receding with her troops across
our Continent to defend her heart, we, the hardy sons of the
North, would, to a man, spring to arms, and carrying the great
Anglo-Saxon Confederacy with us, together pour out our b ood
and treasure like water, to defend our ecrmmon mother, — dear
old England. The Anglo-Saxons united are unconquerable and
irresistible. Only internecine war can ever break their power.

The United States is now, and will be for centuries, the
most powerful military nation on land in the world. Because,
in addition to the splendid fighting material to be drawn from
her immense population, she is also virtually in c'immand of
half of the warriors of Europe, Time, the wonder worker, will
cause the pension list to fade away, but the centuries, as they
rull by, will still proclaim the uitparalled generosity of our Re-
]»ublican relatives to the armed citizens, who freed their fellow-
mon and saved their country. Europe is an arme<l camp filled
with men whose trade is war, and whose highest ambition is
military glory. The first tap of the war-drum on American
soil will be answered by a million warriors in Europe. The re-

verliorakions of the firKt cnnnon will not Imve pussod away bo-,
foi'e these men will he hastoiiing to tlioStuto.s. Thoy know, that
upon outering the army tlioy will be presented wi»ih an overflow-
ing purse, which a lifetime ol' labor in Kiiropo wouUl not refill
While in the army, they will bu sure of liberal treatment and
deserved promotion. When disbanded, they will live a lift! of
ease atnid a grateful people. If they meet a soldier's fate, and
fall with their f?ices to the foe, they will bo wrapped in a man-
tle of glory, by an adiniring nation ; and their loved ones will
treasured in homes, to them, of luxury. This generosity t^f the
Uniied States, unparalleled in the history of the world, has also
been in act of the deepest policy and niost profound statesman-
whip, for it has made the warriors of the world their own, and
the world knows it.

Fellow-citizens will you compare population statistics, and
then you will realize that the Gi eater Britain is, even to-day,
not in Europe, but in Aniericn. It is your duty as well as in-
terest to proujote the unity of feeling of the two great divisions
oi tiio Anglo-Saxon family, — Great Britain in Europe and
the Greater Britain in America.

Continental Union, is the first great and only practicable
advance, towards forming an offensive and defensive alliance of
this dominant race of the globe, whose moral and military pow-
er will guarantee perpetual peace to the world-wide, free na-
tions of Britons. Therefore, British patriots, from a financial
and military standpoint, advocate Continental Union ; for, with-
out lessening Britain'.^ advantages, it will dii.iinish the causes
and probability of fratricidal war, guarantee the perpetuity of
Britain's jx>wer. and by Canada's increased prosperity redound
to her glory, as the mother, not of palid dwarfs, but of great,
prosperous and filial nations.

II— HATER OF AMERICANS.

Perhaps you are more in favor of Continental Union thau
either the British or Canadian patriot. For, tell it not loudly,
this is a policy of Spoliation. How else than by wresiing from
America men and money, and diverting them to Canwda do
we propose to benefit our Canadian homes ? %

Come, be practical in your hatred. If you have a neigh-
bor you hate, and who entices away your sons, and you mutter
vapid curses against him, you merely irritate yourself, without
injuring your enemy. But, if by forming a partnership with

}

"-as—

hull, you can sell liiin Htones, viluloss to you. foi* cfO/l inonf^y ;
jiniuopiiiite his boitts iind fish ; ^ot him to \niy yo 'r cniHljinMf
ik'htN, retiiin your Motis; sell hiu> coru(;r lots at l)i<( prices; un<l
iimke him H<^roe not to iutermi!(]<lle withy<>ur old hoinostoad,— '
the pruvinciul t'jirm; you would vveUroiiio the f)Hrtno)".ship, he-
causu you would bjiujfit yourself at 1m8 cxpensu.

III.— CAN ADIAN I'ATRIOTISM.

,t;'i

' i:

Canadian patriot, with rclieF wo turn to you. True
atriotiHrn, is loVe for thu laud in whioli wo oarn our bread ;
ov<5 for tho land of whicli our l>odieH form a part; lovo for our
homes and those tlieroin sheltered ; and actions that will ensure
to our homCvS of the present, and the future, happiness, peace
und plenty. Canadians, actuated solely hy tiiese motives, let
us he satisKed with no half measures, only with the full, im-
mediate and permanent advantages offered by Continental
Union. Having thi' courage of our conyioti|ons, let us speak out
our minds manfully.

Canadian patriots, you are tho decen<lants, mentally and
physically, of the old Gallic heroes, invincible Celts, indomitable
Arlglo-Saxons and fearless Norse Vikings, who in the, olden
times deified the atti'ibute of couj'age. You are the off-spring
of the n)en, who in later times, defending the right, faced heavy
odds on many hard fought battle-fields. Knowing that you
aie the off-shoots of heroes, you will not permit yourselves to
be the trembling slaves of cowardice, but will intrepidly utter
your honest convictions in favor of tho policy that will lie the
salvation of your Canada. Reason sanctions, and the love of your
Canadian homes urges you to speak out the truth boldly. Like
your pioneer forefathers you will hew to the line of rectitude
and let the chips fall where they may. The off-shoots of
heroes should not be slaves to cowartlice.

Individually, to succeed in your private business, you ex-
ercise and are governed by hard practical common sense, and
call a spade a spade. Only the same course of action will en-
sure prosperity to a nation. If you desire your country to take
her rightful positiorj among the free nations of this Continent,
you must conduct the business of your nation on a thoroughly
I lusiness basis, not striving against the inevitable, but seizing
quickly passing advantfiges.

Many believe that if our " Chieftain " were with us, he
would shrc.dly scan the political horizon, seize the right mo-

-.14-

rnent, and, bowing; ;»T»irr;fully to the iuevitiiMo, convoy his floefc
with flyinj? colors intoi)i«; Imrhor of natV'ty niul plenty.

Continentui uiii<»n hnn^ nconiplislMMl, our fcnliii^ of aniity
towunis Hrit4iin will bt? incieawcd, for (/aniuia will fe«l p'ate-
ful t(i the mother who, to henoHt her dau^Miter, .sanctioned her
her union with her hi^ and proHperoUH relative. And this feel-
ing of uniity, which will always _xist in (yana(la,and has alMavH
exist-ed in the JSouthern States, will perniente the whole of the
(jreat Confederacy. Then America, the (Ireater Britain, hold-
ing out the ri'^ht hand i)f friendship to tlie Anglo-Saxons in
Kiirope, and stretching out the left hand to those in Australia,
will Qjai'cli forwiU'd in the van of peace and civilisation,

Mvmi^u fi;dhration

IMPERIAL PAllLIAMENT AND ITS FOREKiN POLICY.

. • ' '',■

)i '■; ;■ , .'

..' :'l,

Imperial Federation i» the military con.solidation oV Great
Britain and her Colonies into one empire. .-;.

Canada now possesaes every right and cliftracteristiC of a
separate nation, except the untrammeled power to make foreign
treaties. Therefore, she co#l<l gain no new power or liberty
through federation. The people of Canada now compliain of
being too expensively governed. Federation would add to the
the rulers and the expen.ses. The tendency now is to centralize
the power and money in the higher governments, instead of
allowing ach province to exercise full Legislative and Execu-
tive powers over its internal affairs, and tf) receivu and expend
the bulk of the funiis contributed by its inhabitants. The
tendency of Federation would be to increa.se centrnlizution.

In proportion to the variation from the universal bw-is of re-
presentation, according to population in the Imperial Farlia-

-35-

niftnl, w) ihe ^verninent would he more or less <\u oli;<»ircljy. All
oli^;irehius are from their vory coiistrtiotioti unjust, — corise-
«|Uontly uiiMutisfjict >ry and transient. The mn-joritv in the
britiHh FCmpire are hlacks, the ratio hpin;» ah )ut six olacks to
otie white. All men, hoth lilack and white, have equal political
rightH. That this is true h»ts heen demonstrated beyon<l all
c»)ntroverHy. In the United States ic cost, however, one million
lives and nine thousand ini'lions of money to provy it. Canada
}\as no desire to invest in this prohlein. Conse(juently, either
the fundamental principle of Imperial federation i.s unjust, or
the whites, being out numbered six to one, will be the political
wlavea of the blacks. Free Canada doe.s not wish to be affiliated
with an empire the great majority of which are blacks, and
consequently retroga<le in the hiatorj' of this crmtinent, either
by politically ens aving black.s, or being enslaved by them.
Neither has Canada any interest in Britain's foreign policy.
Wo have more t^^rritory than we can utilize and have no need or
desire to ac<|uire more, conseciuently in no event will we aid
Britain with men and money in her wars, for the purpose of
absorbing more blacks and their territory, into the Empire.
These wars would shed no glory upon Canada, and be of no
appreciable financial benefit to her. One citizen of the neigh-
boring republic buys more than a dozen Asiatics and Africans.
If it be whites with whom we wish to denl, there are more in
the United States than in all the British Empire. Considering
the relative populations of blacks and whites in the British Em-
pire and the United States, the ratio is 40 blacks in the Empire
to one black in the vStates.

Do you, my reader, the child of a white mother, prefer be-
ing a part of an empire, essentially black ? If you do, then b^'
uU means, advocate Imperial Federation.

The Imperial Federalists propose that the expenses of the
wars of Britain and the support, in men and money, of the
British army and navy be borne pro rata by all -the nations of
the Confederation. They propose to minimize the repre.senta-
tion of the blacks in the imperial Parliament. Consequently; the
representatives of the British Isles, being the majority, would
be able to declare war whenever it suited the sole interests of
Englaml. Canada would have the silent privilege of paying
her share of Britain's foreign war expenses.

As Canada would demur against this the Canadian Feder-
alists offer as a compensation to her the commercial advantages
of their policy, which however, are, in reality, only a great in-

mn.'«NaniMM>«

jury to both Britain and Canada.

Tho connnorciiil policy of the Canadian FederaliKts has
i»een «Jeclaie<l to he impiacticahle Viy the Federalists ol' Britain
and Australia, and is not sanctioned hy them, Howev jr, we

will investigate it.

RESULTS TO BRITAIN.

,,!.

5 5!.:.

■.«'■'■
;('■

v;, ■ ,

»s. I- ■

The Imperial Federal in^s of Canada propose that there be
no duty on goods .i^oino- from one component part of the Em-
pire to another, but duties aijainst all outsiders.

Britain could not afjroe to this. This policy would strike
at tho root of her gr2atnesH, which consists in being mistress of
the sea — the carrier an<l trader of the cf>mmoi'ce oi the world.
'J'he world's goods enter England free of tluty. Consequently she
is the world's store he se, ai)il the universal market l»oth for
hying and selling, and her ships have tli » carriage of the goo Is
of the globe. CircumscriV»e her free trade, and her greatness
vanishes.

The people of Britain know this policy would increase the
price of tlieir food and cause great suttoring among the million
of her poor, who are now only a few nieals from st>irvation.
Brearl ! Bread ! has been the constant deniand of the poor from
the time of the Roman jtancK, and the Fre!»ch Revolution, tt>
the present day. Britain, powerful an<l wealthy though she
he, knows full well she dare not arouse this cry of despair.

The factories ot' England, employing 2.'] per cent, of her
population, hold the balance of power in their hands and, through
iheir Unions, virtually govern Bi-itain. Bread is a constituent of
the cost of manufacturing. Therefore increasing tho cost of
food would cause an incii-ase in tlie cost of nmnufacturing.
'I'his would injure Britain in the keen competition she luis to
meet in the markets of the world. This would injure Britain
more than her cohmies^ benetit her. The people of England,
j'ather than agree to pay more for their tVxxl and Ite obliged to
charge more for their goods, would let the colonies go. They
now state they will not pamper the colonies in order to retain
their allegiance.

Judging the future from the past, this commercial policy
will never be a(lo]jted. The CORN-LaWS were passed onco
and for all time in the history of Britain. She cannot retrograde.
England has not since, and dare not now disciimiiaate in her
taritls in favor of even her own food producei-s, — much khs iu

-37-

favor of oura.

RESULTS TO CANADA.

Even if the proposed policy of the Canadian Imperial
Fodeialistp were carried into effect, it would not result in any.
appreciable advantage to Canadians on the exports to Britain
]f the duties were so arranged in favor of Canadian food ex-
ports that we realized an advance of 10 per cent on the $20,000,-
000 woith of food we send to Britain, it would amount to $2,-
000,000. Just an increased profit of fifty cents a piece to
Canadians.This famine tiiinted half-dollar would be blood money,
carrying a cur«e with it. What Canadian would desire to
C)V)tain his solitary half-dollar, wrung from the hunger of the
children of the poor in Britain ?

The policy of the Canadian Imperial Federalist, instead of
being a financial benefit to Canada, would be a serions injury"^
Granted that we obtain 10 p. c. advance on our exports to
Britain, we would have to pa}'^ 10 per cent, advance on the price
of our English injports. On account of the extra price of food '
it would be necessary fc: the English manufacturers, in order to
recoup themselves,to charge 10 percent, advance on formerprices.
As British goods would pay no duties on entering Canada.Engli.sh
manufactuiers could and would charge us within a trifle of the
price that other foreign goods, which paid (\uty, cost laid down
in Ciinada, and yet be able to retain our custom. Therefore,
British goods would cost us in our stores nearly the same prices
afi before Federation.

The loss will now appear. The money obtained from the
present duties furnishes a large part of our revenue. Under
Federation the duties on British imports would be cut off. An
increased revenue, in the event of Federation, would require to
be raised, for in addition to our present expenditure, there
would be oui' proportion of the expenditure of the Empire.
Hen' e, we would be compelled to raise by direct taxation or
other moans, a larger amount than our piesent duty on imports
from Great Britain, in order to make good this deticiencj ^'n the
revenue. So our loss by this policy would be an amount
equal to the present duty on British imports, plus our propor-
tion of the Imperial expenditure. All Uie present numerous
custom houses would be retained, a;Ri the expanses of many
would exceed the duties collected.

The consequences to Canada of this policy would be as dis
astrous as to Great Britain. Allo\vir»g British goods to enter
Canada free of duty would increase snniggling all along the 4,-
* 000 n)ik-s of the American border '^ne. The bitterest of feelings
would ensue between the Canadian and American Govern mentis.
Tlie United States, possessing the pioducts of every elinie, docfi
not require any Canadian piotUicts. The American Government
would enforce a double prthibitory tarifi— both import and ex-

i.MpmieiM.." (HintrtT' ouri-f .

port. Canada along 4,000 miles would be boycotted. Onr two
great R. R's. have both their head and feet on American soil.
These would be amputated. Our population now deserts us at
the rate of 300 daily. Food would be dearer in Cauada than in
the United States. The exodus would increa<o to a 1000 daily..
The few who remained would supplicate for Annexation upor^
any terms. Rancor would exact an unconditional surrender., ^

Away with such a policy as Imperial Federation. Canadit
wants none of it. We desire no policy that will injure oifchori
ourselves or Great Britain. C madians can make mpncy with-;
out being under coinplitnents to any nation. We will
not make it, by extracting it from the hungry of our kin in
Eurdpe. r!;!i

All we ask is a fair field and no favore. A fair field we never
have had. Our hands have l^een tied to Europe and by Kur-,
ope, 80 that we have not had free interchange with the greati
nations, our relatives in North America. Let us onco be fre"»
handed and inside the ring of free nations on our continent and
they will have to look to their laurels. We will equal if not
surpass the best •f them. Physically we pre their superiors.
Mentally, more enduring. Ask the employers of brain and
muscle in the Wesi.3rn states if they do not select their em-,
ployees in accordance with this proven fact i

Let Canadians, while their country is yet solvent, proposei
union upon equal terms with the other free nations of the great
American Confederacy. Their commerce stands now upon tivj
same footing in Europe as ours. Therefore, by Continental
Union, Canada will not lose any advantage in the European
markets, but gain those of America, which are of more import*
ance to her. America is the only market for many of our proi*
ducts.

If it were necessary for Canada to ch«x>8e between being
totally bebarred from Europe or America, and it Were left soie;
ly to her monetary interests to decide, the verdict would be in
favor of having America as a free market, because the addition*
al population that free trade with the United States would eiur
ploy in our mines, forests and lakes, would consume more than
our present exports to Britain. But the time for this decision
will never come. Canada does not intend to enter into political
union with the United States without the consent of Britain.

Under Continental Union, Cana<la will still be as loyal to
Britain as ever. If remaining at home, where he was no assist-
ance, caused a son to be poor in blood and pocket,would the son
love the father less, because he allowed him to jwjcept aremun-^
erative, healthful and honorable position with his relatives ?
Canadians, in the interests of Britain, of Camifla, and of our
-.-X!©, advocate the policy that injures none and benefits all-7
CoDtineotal Union.

-39—

FACTS AND FIGURES CONCERNING AGRICULTURE THAT ARE
WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION.

The farmers of Canada deserve equal chances for properity
with those in the States. Tkese they have never Jiad.

In order to illustrate this, permit it to be supposed, kind
reader, that the writer and yourself are two farmers who live
on opposite sides of the same town line. You are the Canadian
farmer and live on the north side of the town line, in a town-
; ship called Can'^da. I am the American farmer and live on
^ south side ^n another township called the States. Personally,
you and I are good friends, but the two township councils, for
their own selfish private interests, are often unfriendly. You
and I send our wheat and cattle to a distant market called
Britain, where there is great competition. There we both get
the same prices, neither of us having to pay any market dues.
Let us then suppose, that the best place at which to sell our
barley and lambs is at a market in my township called the
AmericHn market. I can oell there at full price without paying
any market dues. But, when you drive on the At i jrican mar-
ket your barley and lambs, are charged market dues that conie
to a third of their value. Your produce is charged these dues
Ijecauseyou live on the north side of the town line. The buyers
come, pay the market due8,and give you two-thirds of tha price
I obtjiined.

!o -J ! These being the circumstances, would you consider, Can-
adian farmer, that you realize as much for your labor as I, the
American farmer, do for mine ? Could you make as much
money from your faiin as I ? Do not these market dues benefit
' the American township at your expense ? Would a reduction
in Mie market dues satisfy you ? Would you not be afraid that
the next quarrel between the two township councils would re-
sult in the market dues being raised liigher than ever ? The
union of the townships would cause you and I to stapd on the
same footing in the markets of both Britain and America,
neither one of us paying maiket dues in either place. Would
anything else than this union satisify you ? Would not the

rtJi.VSi'.W,

iiMW-VJiB}

|!^.'^^f*t"'T*'

-r-40—

ratepayers in your township elect councillors wlic woul 1 Ivivor
this union oF the townships ? If this is the wisest c mr.se to
adopt in townsliip affurs, it is also in national ati'iir.s. Gjutiii-
ental Union will give the Cana«lian farmer e<ia il alvatitagjs
with the American. It would be the duty of the ratopayers of
a township to advocate a poMtical policy which would benefit
their township alone. If the same policy would bjnofit all the
thousand townships of a country, its benefits are a thous iiid-
fold. Therefore, the duty of the patriots of that country, to
advocate this policy ,is a thousand tim^s greater than the similar
obligation resting upon the ratepayers, of a single township,
which would be benefited by a local policy.
r The Cantwiian farmer may prove to his satisfacbiori that he
18 the loser on account of, and to just the amount of the Amari-
can duty on his produce that goes to the States. The method
to pursue would be as follows: — Let him find out the place
at which his produce enters the States, or tha na iie of the place
in the States the nearest to his residence where the sarn^ class
of produce is raised. Then, get a newspaper from there, that
contains the prices that are obtained by th3 American fararjr
in that locality. Let the Canadian faiuier then compare prices,
and he will know that he has paid the freight and duty. The
freight he ought to pay, but he has been defrauded out of tlie
duty by continental isolation, perpetuateil by selfish politicians.
Continental Union is the only logical and permanent remedy
ivor continental isohition.

Now, for some hard reliable facts, regarding the prolu3ts
of our farms. The following statistics are taken from the Sta-
tistical year books of Canada for 18S ), 18)0 and 1831, publish-
ed by the Department of Agriculture, and printed by the Gjv*-
ernment Printing Bureau 'at Ottawa. Tliese books are the
highept official documents of statistics that are published by our
Dominion, and they are especially intend -^d for the guidance of
our Parliaments : ' :"^ -."■■.^.■"^^■S-'-X

,,, BARLEY.

Exported from Canada to
United States Britain.

1889 $ 6,454,603 $ 3,838

1890 4,582,563 12,017

1891 2,849,269 = . . 75,225

Statistics prove that the greater part of this barley was the

product of Ontario. The farmers of this province will observe
with sorrow, that the difference, between the total amounts for

—41-

the exports of barley in 1891 and 18S0, was $3,50'),00^. This
was chiefly owinn; to the MeKinley Bill, which caused less bar-
ley to be sown, and a far lower price to be obtained for it.
Therefore, takiurj oft the duty entirely, would cause more bar-
ley to be raised, and the price to be far hifjjher.

Belleville is the principal aarket for barley, in the Bay of
Qainte district. The averii,fe price there, was in 1SS9, 75 cents
— in 1892, 4:) cents. But a sailing vessel would in a few hours
cross the lake to Oswego, where the price was in 1892, 75
cents. Therefore, continental isolation prevents the Canadian
^ fanner from obtaining the same price for his barle}', that is re-

ceived by the farmer in N. Y. State for barley, which is on tht»
average inferior. Is it not strange that this is true at the close
of the nineteenth century, when all men consider they are free
and equal, and are entitled to equal remuneration for similar
labor ?

In 1891, notwithstanding the American duty of 30 cents
on the bushel, the greater poi-tion of our barley was bought by
the United States. Tliis proves that tiie unspeakably detestable
" Yankee" is yet willing to pay us 30 cents more a bushel for
Canadian barley, than the malster or stockman of " Dear old
England." It seems that business is devoid of sentiment, and
knows no friendships.

When Canadian farmers could get 30 cents a bushel more
for their barley, and do not use the means to obtain it, does it
not prove that they are more loyal to strangers in Britain,
than they are to the loved ones sheltered vvi'Jhin their own
homes ?

Neither British nor Anjerican farmers would thus al-
low themselves to be enslaved by prejudice and robbed by poli-
ticians. ■ :--::". . ':■.■„:■'"., )■:,-,- . '", ' ^

"WHEAT.
. ^ Exported by Canada to

United States. Britain

1889 § 20,591 ,. . . .$ 439,863

1890 u,ooJ , »;».»«,. . «';».»>» ^". > • 3/9,893

1891 613,390 '. 969,134

y In comparing the yield of wheat for 1891, with that of any

previous yeiar, we must recollect that in this year, many thous-
an«l acres of virgin prairie in Manitoba and the North-west
Territories, were for the fii'st time sown with wheat. Almost
all of tlie wheat exported in 1891 from Canada to Britain was
grown in the North West. This remark also appliea to the
wheat of the years that succt^ed 1891.

^.•;;a,.

■ ■-■■■„*
■ .-If

-■I

••.sV .<:(;<: 00r..(> ■ ' '. . ■•

The farmers of Manitoba desire to obtain a large immigra-
tion immediataly, and not after all the present generation is
dead. An increased population means to tliem, better road«and
bridges; larger home marketb; more schools, churches and town^;
and all this with a reduced taxation. They also desire to ])ur-
chase their machinery and other manufactures of iroji at the
prices* paid in the States which are from 25 to 50 per cent
cheaper. They especially wish a reduction on the present high
freight on wheat. The map of North America furnishes the
solution of the question : " How to send the Manitoba wheat to
Europe at the lowest possible freiglit rates." The wheat should ' '

be sent by rail only as far as the head of navagation,and the water
highways should be opene^l up, so that the ocean steamers could
load at Port Arthur,and sail without breaking bulk direct to Brit-
ain. Continental Union will furnish Maiiitoba witii the immigra-
tion and lower the prices of freight and machinery ,and no other
()olicy will do this. Canada cannot afford to open up the water
lighway and the Republic wil not do it, when it does not own
tlie St. Lawrence. But union will cause the great and wealthy
confederacy for the sake of all the north half of this continent
to develop to the fullest extent, the water highways of the great
lakes ancf the St. Lawrence river and thus transform all the
ports of the great lakes into ocean porta. Th§ a<iVi*tt^gea to
be derived from this are incalculable. • ..c •, ? = f ; -; ;» •; v ~
,: . When the Ontario farmer heard that the McKinley Bill
would lower the price of his l)arley, he sowed less barley and
more wheat, believing that Britain would purchase his wheat,
and so enable him to realize as much as ever from his farm.
But in this he was woefully mistaken. For it will be observed
with surprise, that while the exports of wheat to the United
States were in 1890 only $6,000, they were in 1891 two- thirds
of a million dollars, which means about one million bushels of
wheat. This was principally the wheat grown by the unfor-
tunate Ontario farmer, which Britain had jibsolutely refused to
buy, unless she could purchase it for cattle and hog feed, at the
same price she had payed for his barley. The consequence was f*

that the Ontario farmer was obliged to sell it to the Americans,
at run! nous iy low prices. This was because continental isola-
tion imposed a duty of 25 cents a bushel on his wheat, before
it could have access to the markets of its own continent. The
greater part of this Ontario wheat was ground with American
Western wheat in the Eastern States, and consumed the»iB,chief-
ly by exiles from the Province of Quebec, who were now oper-

■v
/ —43— .. ■ '-. . , .

at\ves in the factories of the New England States. This s^ovrv
us how inseparable are our business connections wifib the L'.nt-
ed States, and how our American cousins extricate us out of a
difficulty, when our unfounded faith iu the markets of Britain

has misled us. ■** «••►.!.%»* i.<,* v !.■■«.» ii»T ««• . - . . , .''^uiiiit i"j»i'

Lot us now ascerttifn the total loss on barie} and wheat t<S-
{^[ether, tbat thfi McKinley Bill caused to the Ontario farmers in
1891 compared with 1889. You nicollect thoy expected the in-
creased amount of money they would receive from their wheat
would compensate them for the loss on the barley. Take your
pencil ^nd add ton^ether all the barley money of 1889, and that
j>ortionof the wheat money which was exported in 18*9 to the
UnitedStates. Then seperately add together all the barlej'' money
of 189l,ind thiit p«)rtion of the wheat money M'hich was export-
ed in 1891 to the United States, which was the soft wheat of On-
tario. Subtract the total of 1891 from that of 1889 and over
$■^,000,000 is before j'^ou. This loss to the Ontario farmers on
the total of their barley and wheat of S*%000,000 was cau.sed hy
this bill closing? the door through which*trade passes between
Canada and the States, a little tipfhter. Will you then estimate
how much they would gain on the total receipts from the ex-
ports of their barley and wheat, if Continental Union took
this commerce excluding door off its hinges, and broke it up, so
that it could never be rehung. Would it not be at least $5,000,-
000 annually?

-ti> Get a Canadian year-book from your Dominion member of
Parliament, and .see for yourself that these startling figures are

correct.: ' v*> , .^V''-! f^-' '••kJa.:;^ ■ '^■•;:i-^' :».;■ .•! ••■•'.,; Jiii j.i:.;;-

WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD, 1891. ^ri^ ntm

United States . . B-JJ'^'H . , •/V^^i i'V. /:\ . U;'^ ;612 million bushels

British India! .V'i'7i'V;^),'l;^^\'i^'/C.'VV^.V;'i'^265-^'--''^^'^' •[«••'-•»,

Canada, .'•j^i"':!. :'V.1,'-.\ . I'T' ; ?'' '^*.. .■iv'i''';^'*'''''W* .'>!'i«;*!o/>u. itovii
Ai-gentine RepubHc^U'^'Tl'.V/V.^t^^i^ i^'i-^S^^ ..W-otjW <J(«vj^,<

Australia ..:....: ■ . . . .':.'' -;'\ i^.'J^'Ji I'j'^fe^'-^i^ofci x^)\xti
But, compare, with surprise :— ' ' " ''" -^ ■"■"' " V^^''' "* »'^'"'*
fh»mif.> '. .it Great Britain bought in 1891 from 'Ti)lr><if3 v.*ij*>

Unit'Kl States, .''.'i-i tVl^.V. ;'iV,Vv;'iV'.*iy.'i- .62| miliiott bu.shel)i

Rnvm'ft. ••■' f' fin 'jd^ ''♦'■^' iiv'bi«')r{ Miff 'Sfii'- ■ * •- f-.**- ''
British Ihdi&^kV.'Al'i^vh'}^. M,.l':l\'U ::W'^ ^.. i«^^ -u-d muii

"^»::?V.t'

—44—

Australia 6

Argentine Republic 5 " "

Canada 4J

Germany 4 " "

Austria 3A " "

Did yon think Romania sold Britain twice ma much wheat
as Canada ?

CHEESE.

But some say, if the Americans sell Britain 14 bushels of
wheat for Canada's one, Canada sells Britain 106 million ibs, of
cheese, while the States only peW her 87 million lbs., and the
average Canadian cheese is superior to the American. True ■
Here is the reason : No cheese made after Sept. 1 5th each year
is sent out of the United States. The fall cheese, which are the
best, are eaten in the Republic, and only t!ie spring and summer
chee«e are sent to England. Besides, the majority of the fac-
tories in some of the Western States never sent a pound of
cheese to Britain ; their cheese is sent to the South'.a*n and
South Eastern States. Canada, as a nation, .sells her cheese. In
it because her children can not afford to eat it ? Tlie people of
the United States are numerous and wealthy enough to eat the
l)ulk of their clieese. Only a small proportion of the American
cheese is sent across the ocean ; the best remains in the States,
because the Americans pay far iKitter prices for choice fall cheese
than the British. Thus, Canada looses heavily on her cheese,
through being deprived of her share of the markets of her con-
tinent. The loss to the Canadian farmers on their cheese, on
account of not being able to .sell them in the United States, is
over a million ilollars annually.

In fact, continuing to imagine that Canada is a part of
Europe, and not of America, costs each Canadian farmer yearly
on an average $300,00. He gains nothing, absolutely nothi.f^-,
in recompense. His allegiance to Britain does not gain for him
even favorable consideration. When he visits Britain, to his
astonishment, he realizes that an Americiin citizen is more
liighly esteemed there than a Canadian. A Canadian they con-
sider is only a colonist, living in a dependent colony that holds
onto England's apron. Whereas an American is a free citizen
of one of the greatest nations of the world, and they know that
be may seme day be the President of the great Republic and
thus the equal of the Queen of England herself. On the con-
tinent of Europe the respect for an American citizen is greater
yet. A wealthy American, on registering at a hotel in Ger-

-45—

many as " John I. Kin^, of Chica^, ^^. S. A.," was addressefl by
the olwecjuious landlord as " Your Majesty, John the First, Kin^
of Chicago."

CATTLE.

The farmers in Canada, east of Toronto, lose on both thei''
stock and fat cattle, on account of not having free access toth®
markets of the neighboring Suites. Beef and stock cattle &v^
always higlier in ihe eastern part of New York Stiite than in
the adjiicent parts of Ontario. Quel>ec and the Eastern Pro-
vinces lose largely on their cattle by being excluded from the
dense manufacturing district,s of the adjacent New England
States. Therefore, the eastern part of Canada suffers serious
financial injury in the cattle trade by continental isolation. Tins
exclusion from the markets of our continent, results from our
political connection with Brilaiu.

Cattle, sheep and liorse dealers try to ship when the mar-
ket is on the rise, Britain being distant, the price there has
time in which to fall before the stock arrives. Consequently,
very few Cana^lian dealers,who continuously shipped to England,
have eventually realized much, if anything, from their business.
Wherea«? the dealers can place their stock upon the American
market8,in nearly as many hours as it takes daj^s to go to Eng-
land ; consequently, the markets there are surer, and more of
the shippers to the States have accumulated wealth.

An American farmer has the choice of markets. He can
sell, without paying duty, either to the 65 millions at home or
to the 40 millions in Britain — a total of about 105 millions. The
Canadian farmer has his 5 millions in Canada and the 40 mil-
lions in Britain — a total of about 45 millions. Therefore, the
market of the Canadian farmer is not half as large, as that of
the farmer in the States.

The Canadian lives in hopes of having a- larger population
in Canada to supply. This generation will never see 65 millions
living in Canada. Why not accept the immediate opportunity,
of supplying the 65 millions at iiomc next door, on our contin-
ent ? For many products the American market is better than
the British, because an American, when he is thoroughly satisfi-
ed with an article, will pay a higher price than a man of any
other nationality.

To come to facta, a sensible farmer likes to sell where he
can sell the best. His own prosperity is of more importance
to him, than either or both of the political parties of the day ;
and it does not put any money in or out of his pocket, whether
the head man in the country, is' called the president, or the

■ ^ iii*»».'HW&*'»W»«*w™..'

■■■46 ■'

Oovernor-Geneml, und that is about all the real «1ifference there
iy between the Canadian and American Oovorninanta.

SHEEP.

In 1802, the United States benight from Canada, 290,000
»heep and lambsi, whereas Britain purchased only 32,000 from
us. The American duty on sheep i& l$1.50, and on lambs 75
cents each. Figurt for yourself, how many more sheep and
lambs Canada would raise, and how much more money she
would receive for them, if political union took down forever the
American tariff sheep barriers.

Canada has immense areas of unoccupied land, specially
adapted for sheep culture. Near and profitable mancelis would ,
cause these hills to be covered with flocks, tended by experienc-
ed shepherds. Sheep nusing would develop into one of our
great and most profitable industries, and ve would count our
annual export of sheep and latnbs, not by thousands but by
millions.

The mutton of the Scottish slip 3p is more finely flavored
than the English. The same is true as regards Canadian mut-
ton, when compared with the American. Our Ai»erican neigh-
bors earn and spend more money than any European nation,
and willingly pay a good price for a savory dish, to tempt their
epicurean tastes. Therefore, the Canadian mutton will always
command ready sales at highly remunerative prices, in the
United States. Canadians, it will pay j'^ou well to take down
and grind to powder, the Atneric*n tariff walls and sheep bar-
riers.

HORSES.

Since Confedenition, Canada has exported 340,000 horses,
of that number the United States botight 325,000. The Can-
adian farmers made the wealthy Republic a present of S7,000,-
000 in duties, for the privilege of selling these horses, in what
the above figures conclusively prove to be our best and most
natural horse market. No matter what the politicians may say,
the farmer doesjiot relish the duty of $30 on a common horse
that is imposed by the McKinley Bill. For that matter, he
does not relish any duty on a.iy product of his farm. By merely
observing his own common-sense actions in his stable, any in-
telligent farmer can learn how to avoid having the price of his
farm produce reduced, by an American tariff When he per-
ceives one of his horses is about to kick, if he cannot get out of
the reach of injury altogether, he simply springs so close to the
horse that no ill effects can result. Cfontinental union will
bring the Canadian farmer so close to the United States that it

-47- ' *

will be impoiwible for any American tariff to hurt liiiu. Horse
hense ih in favor of Continental Union, It i» to your interest
to vote for the union of Canada and the States.

Many farmers have wondered, why the British Govern-
ment did not purchase Canadian horses for the army, when
they are suitable for many army purposiis, and we are willing
to well them so cheap, Here is the real reason : — The English
hoi'se breeders objected so vehemently, that the British Govern-
ment dared not buy them. You can M.scertain this to be an in-
disputable fact, Vjy reading page 2J)7 of the Canadian year-
b(X)k for 1891. In the item ot horses alone, so called loyalty to
a European power has cost the farmers of Canada $7,000,()()0,
and this large sum did liot come out of the official class, who
are loyal t^ their fat salaries:, Vjut it was wrung from the toil of
the hard working farmers — the tax payers of this country, not
the tax eaters. And yet, when the opportunity offered, they
were debarred fiom selling their horses to the Government for
which they had sacrificed 87,000,000 on this very product of
their farms. This proves that when the interests of the British
farmer, clash with those of the Canadian farmer, the colonist
has to go to the wall every time. This also shows that the far-
mers of Canada are less loyal to themselves, than the farmers of
Britain, who pi'actise one of the first principles of business,
which is to specially regard their own interests. The British
farmei"S tell the Canadian farmers, by acst which speak far
louder than words, to look out for their own interests, lor they
are determined to look out for theirs.

It is high time for the farmers of Canada to enquire and
figure for themselves, which policy will best serve their own in-
terests, and the interests of those dependent upon thera. The
majority of the votere in Canada are farmers, therefore, when
each farmer advocates the policy that he knows will enrich
himself personally, he is also promoting the prosperity of his
country.

EGGS.

Exported by Canada to
United States. ^ Britain.

1889 $2,156,725 $ 18

1890 1,793,104 820

1891 1,074,247 .'. 83,589

1892 494,409 , . . 692,218

You will observe that Canada received twice as much

rn6ney for her export of eggs in 1889 as she did in either 1891 or
1892. This Joss was caused by the Americans refusing to al-

'■mi

-4«-

low the CanaJian es^^ t<) come into the United States froi of
duty. How dependent CaiUMJa w upon the ^'ood will of tho
United StatcH for a market for lialf of her farm pro luce !
British allegiance does not bestow upon ns a single favor in the
British mat'kots ; her markets are as open and as favorable to
Japan as to Canada.

The egg st»itisticH show that I^ritain stopped short half
way, and did not come fully to the rescue of even our hens.wlien
the McKinley hawk frightened them. Dritisli allegiance co.<t
the women of Canada in lx»th IH91 and 1892 one million dol-
lars each year on their egg money, for the McKinley Bill did
not charge a duty of 5 cents a dozen on the price of eggs la^'ed
by American hens in the United States. The American hens
pay l)est. Ladies.you had better change the breed of your hens,
and then you will get twice as much money for your eggs. TIim
oi dy way to get this extra pocket money, is by advising your
husbands to vote for the union of Canada and the States.

HAY.

' Exported by Canada to , ri,.

United States, , Britain.

1889 S822,381 . . . . . : /^ :. . ........ . '. . .......... 'Ji . .$ 84,010

1890 922,797 109,034

1891 375,813 150,297

1892 598.567 167,00i

When the McKinley Bill was passed the politicians faith-
fully promised that Britain would come to tho ai<l of Canaila,
and buy all our hay. " Never mind the Americans," they said,
"Britain will take all our hay and pay us good prices." This
was impossible— any school boy could give the reason. Alor»g
one half of our boundary line, he could throw a stone front
Canada into the States. Whereas 3,000 miles of the expanse of
the Atlmtic intervene between Canada and Britain.

It is impossible to ship our cheap and bulky farm pro-
ducts to thf "*'Mh markets, and be able to realize a remuner-
ative prir*^ se the heavy ocean freights cut.the Canadian
price f' ilmost nothing. Therefore, Canadians prefered to
pay t ^eseive American <luty, and ship the bulk of their
hay to -1© tvdjftcent markets of our continent, as is proven by
the above statistics. The freight across our grt^t lakes aver-
ages one dollar a ton for pressed hay, and the price of hay has
often been $5.00 higher on the American side of the lakes, and
rarely ever less than $3.00 higher. The prices for Canadian
hay at Lew York and Liverpool do not generally differ very
much. The freight from Canada to Liverpool is stated, by the

•■'«

7;:T3*<':''i,'r**'--'':

-49-

Wookly Mail uf Fob. 2w\, 1833, i,o be $1:^.50 per t'i.i for pronmA
hay. Wlulo from Ontario aritl Quebec to New York it in froiii
%\ to SI a toil. Ou;- Quebec farmers receive about $1.00 a ton
ft>r tlie lif»y that is sent to Eti;{lathl. This pays tliem h>\v wages
for their w.jrk. ami iiotliiM;; fur their liay.

Stran^eiM it may HoUtul to Canadians, evon our Wst
timothy Imy is not a favorite in En<(lau(l. Their climate,
iiietho I of cultivation and variety of seed are all different, con*
jseijuently the hay in ditferent, they appreciate their own article
the most, and will not pay full prices fur our hay. Whereas,
tiiere being no appreciable ditFerence between the hay grown in
Canada and tiie Northern Htates, our hay, when of gootl (|uality,
commands good prices in New York City.

Fifty car loads of pressed hay, bought at $6.00 a ton, were
vshipped during Nov. and Dec, 1892, from Napanoe station to
NeA' Vork city, where the price wa.s then from $17.00 to $20.00,
Hccording to quality. The duty wa.s $1.00, the freight was $3.50
per ton, giving a protit to the dealer of from $koO to $t).50 a
ton. Uiuier Continental Union the farnierfl wouhl have re-
ceive 1 the present price $6.00 plus the <luty $1.00, which equals
$10.00, and it pays no farmer to Hell a ton of hay for less. Only
il're necessity compilled tlie industrious Napanee farmers to
Hccept $6.00 for hay that was wonh at lea.st $10.00 to them to
t'ciid up on their farms. Agriculturists, tulvocate the policy that
pays $10.00 instead of $6.00 for farm produce.

COMMON-SENSE AUG UMENTS.

We depeyd upon the American market for the sale of th«3«o
of our prtj^lucts that Britain does not need, or Ciin buy more
cheaply elsewhere, Canada has never been under any com-
pliments to Britain. Seeming compliments invariably coincided
with her selHsh interests, and if her interests had so dictated,
would have been granted as readily to Madagascar as to Can-
ada. Anything and everything of equal value sentfi-om lluHsia,
Canada or the United States, command exactly the same prices
in the British markets. Continental Union would leave our
exports to Britain up<m exactly the same footing as before, and
would open up freely, fully and permanently the American
tnaikets, which are by far the best for some of our agricultural
products.

The politicians tell the Canadians that the farmers in the
States are not as well otf as those in Canada ; therefore, they
hay that political union will not benefit Canadians. We need to
JeeoUoct that in order to make fair comparisons it is necessary
to coinpaie parts of each country, that are equal in date « f

-I'^f^il.v;*- fajV'-f. ■,:'«»> ■'•t.A'^-.i.

~50—

settlement, character of settlors, and quality of soil. The poH-
ticians do not do this, but compare some new Western State
peopled with raw foreign settlers, with an old part of Canada;
purposely forgetting that our pioneei"s also had to struggle up
from the Vx)ttom of the ladder! Canadians are generally better
workers than Yankees, and tbe soil in the inhabited parts of
Canada is 20 per cent more pro«Iuctive than that in the States,
so we ought to be far richer than any State m America, but we
are not. The States have neu.rly paid off their national mortg-
age ; ours is growing yearly. Goisequently we appear I'icher
than wo really are; they poorer. When our national debt has
to be paid, and that time will s(X)n come, the heaviest part of
the burden will.as usual, fall upon ths farmers. Only Continent-
al Union will enable them to evade this payment, for the
union would cause our heavj' Dominion and Provincial debts to
be assumed by the whole of the new confederacy, and Canada
would only have to pay one fourteenth of it.instead of the $300,-
000,000 we are now in debt.

The wealth of the United States has increased four lokl
since 1860. Has the community in the pjirt of Canada in
which you resiile increased in wealth four-fold in the same time?
The average price of the ordinary nece.ssities of life are 25 per
cent cheaper in the United States than in Canada. The reduc-
tion of the United States debt since March 188J), is $259 mil-
lions, which is just the amount of the Canadian Dominion
debt.

Now for some Government stiitistics, which compare the
prosperity of the States with that of Britain, France and Can-
ada : —

Total wealth of the United States .$62,610 millions

'• Britain 48,036

Yeai'ly outputof all ti.e factoriesof United States 5,500 "

Britain.. 4,500

American production of the world's iron, 1892 33 per cent,

liritish " " " " " " . . , . 28 per cent.

Eainingr K the American people, 1887 $ 1,060 millions

" " British " " 770 "

" " French " " 700

Bank circulation per family in Canada 1891 $ 50.00

" United States. . 125,00

U. S. all agricultural exports 1892 $794 millions

Canada all " " 1892 50

Total rail-road mileage of all Canada 14,000

•' just one State (Illinois) 14,000

"-hi-

Canadian fanners, the remeily for the (Hsadvantafjfes un«1er
which you labor is in your haivls to apply or not as you see tit.

No man win be more dilisfent or exercise more shrevv(lness
and common sense in his private and local affairs than the Can-
adian agriculturist. This is shown by his comparative pros-
perity, even when <leprived of a free market for the American
half of his farm produce, an<l by the decided al)ility displayed
by farmers iu the mana<(oment of the business of our county
councils. The great majority of the noted men of our contin-
ent, including all the ablest pi-esidents of colleges, railroads, and
of the great Republic, have been the sons of farmers.

The majority of the voters of (Janada are engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits. This being the case, the majority of the mem-
bei-s of our parlianients ought to be farmers— men who would
exyrcise the same diligence ami common-sense in the interests
of aofriculturo in the Provincial and Domi-d«tn Halls that thev
do in private and local affairs. Canada has to-day among her
farmers, patriotic men who are intelligent, well informed, and
possessed of great practicable ability. Farmers possessing these
qualities have, in all ages of the world, been the men who con-
ferred the greatest betketiis upon their countries. Who was
John Hampden, the great champion of English liberty, the
ablest man of his age ? He was an intelligent farmer. H^ar
the words of another farmer, tilso of English extraction, !vho,
when resigning the position of Commander-in-chief of his nation,
said : — " I commend the interests of our dearest country to the
protection of Almighty God,and those who have the superinten-
dence of them, to His hoi}' keeping." Those were the words of
Wa.shington, who was first a farmer, then a great general, then
the greatest statesman the British nation has produced,and then
Hgain a farmer. Would not farmers like these manage the
business of our nation as well us those glib speakers we send
to the legislative halls ?

The fanners of Canada have sent men to Parliament who
from their callings in life were not in sympathy with the great
industry of Canada — agriculture. These men have usurped
authority, and have become the rulers,instead of the serv^^nts of
oiir country, and forced policies upon us that have tissif;ted in
producing the present financial depression. Htm the time not
come when the farmers— the back-bone of Canada- -will send
men to Parliament who will^not attempt to rule their fellow
citizens, but to faithfully represent them an<i their interests /
Farmers, the destiny of Canada, for weal or woe, is in your
imndj!(,'

Some object to a tiniun with the States on the ground of*
morality. Many of tliese ol)jectoi*s have valid reasons, t>ecanse
if they had lived in the States instead of in Canada, they would
have heen, before now, imprisoned on account of boo<lling an<l
jGjencral rascality. Othei-s, who are really f^ocx] people, shuttin^j
their eyes to the crimes committed in Canada, point with horror
t«) those committed m the States, and object to the union. This
class have never made a study of States riglit law, for if they
ha<l, they wftuld know that each State legislators its own crimin-
al and marriage laws, commands tlie executive power to en force
r»bedience to them and to punish the criminals who violate
them. This wouhl place greater power than ever in the hands
of eac' pn)vince to further the interests of morality. Canada
W' uld cease to be a dumping ground for the immoral refuse of
Britain, and would naturally attract the thrifty and moral im-
migrants of Britain and Northern Europe. Morality is greatly
a question of clinjatf*, therefore Canada will always be, as re-
gards momlity, the Britain and Scandinavia of America.

The respected clergy of Canada must a<lnn*t that Continent-
al Union would give an immense impetus to the cause of re-
ligion. The wealthier portion of every one of our Chri.stian
denominati<ms is in the Republic. This policy will also enrich
the Canadian churches. Christianity in Canada needs this
wealth, l»ecause, it is the comparatively heavy direct and in-
direct taxation of our churches, that is chiefly causing them to
rapidly lose their grasp upon the mas^jes. The best theological
colleges, the ablest teacliers, and the most brilliant and profound
thinkers, of all these denominations, are in the States. There-
fore, the complete union, which would be caused by political
union, of the weaker portions of these denominations in Canada,
with the abler and stronger in the United State8,mean8 increas-
ed strength to the cause of religion in Canada. We need this
wealth, this infusion of new blood, and this union of the Chris-
tians of this continent, in order to oppose the common eneniy,
infidelity, who now preaches to the half a million in Canada
who are »it the present time practically outside the churches.

No well grounded arguments can be advanced against Con-
tinental Union. It is not disloyal ; l>ecause the consent of Brit-
ain will first be obtained before it will be adopted by Canada.
Only lawful, con.stitutional and peaceful means will be made
use of by its advocates to influence the Canadian voters. The
voters of Canada when convinced of its l)enefit8, will elect mem-
bers of Parliament who favor it. When its advr>cate8 are in the
majority in our Parliaments, Canada will request the Queon and

—fis-

her Parliaments to sanction the reunion of the Anjjlo-Saxons of
North America. When it receives tiieir consent, the man will
be disloyal who opposes Continental Union by any unconstitu-
ti(mal means. Ah the advocates of this policy will from tirat to
last act constitutionally, they can never be disloyal.

Neither will its adoption cause Canada to receive one dollar
less for her trans- Atlantic exports. The products of all the
world now command the same prices in the British markets.
When Cana<la receives the consent of Britain to her alliance
with the other Britons of this continent, our products will still
command the same prices in the British markets as those of the
rest of the world. As regards the advantages of this policy to
our great industry of agriculture, no farmer needs to be inform-'
ed,who has lambs or barley to sell — or cotton,coal 'or machin-
ery to buy. The pro;<rcri\;y of Canada depends aimost solely
upon the prosperity of thd agricultural population. Hence each
individual farmer by advocating a policy which he knows will
benefit himself, is also aiding his country. Every intelligent
farmer knows that free access ^-.o all the markets of this con-
tinent will benetit him. Continental Union will bestow this
boon freely and perpetually and no other policy will do this.

This policy will also effect an immense saving in the ex-
penses of running our governnients. Over one half of our
membei*s of Parliament and custom officials will be dismissed.
We may therefore expect that some of these parties will be op-
posed to this policj'. it is amusing to notice that the violence of
theiroppositionisgenerally inexact proportion to the fatnessof their
salaries. By first ascertaining thu amount of the silary or per-
([uisites of any of these gentlemen, we can easily estitnate the
strength of his opposition to political union,without the trouble
of perusing his speech.

Some Canadian politicians, about election time, promise
that if they are elected, they will give the farmers free trade
with the United States. Do not believe them. They cannot
fulfill this promise, and they know it. Canadian farmers change
places with an American statesujan. Imagine yourself an
American patriot, honestly desiring to benetit the United Stat es
and having no desire to benefit any other country in the worUl.
Consider yourself as feeling responsible for the prosperity
of 65 millions of your fellow citizens with all their eyes upon
your jictions. Picture the Great Republic, containing every
natural wealth and the product of every clime, thus forming
within itself an independent world — independent alike of Can-
ada with its 5 milliotui on the north, and Mexico with its 10

: s ■
•V

-M—

i;S'.ri

millions on the south-west. Would you, as an American patriot,
extend to alien Canada, often disagroable Canada, an}'^ advant-
age at the expense of the United States ? Now hear the truth :
The power to grant or refuse reciprocity is vested solely in the
statesmen of the great Republic. Their actions in this matter will
be entirely governed by tlie interests of the United Stfl*es, with-
out any reference whatever to those of Canada. This ' common-
sense.

Come, let us go to little children and learn the policy of the
United States towards Canada, Fourteen little children lived
isolated in a new settlement called America. Thirteen little ones
built a playhouse and merrily gathered their toothsome morsels
within it. One peevish child, with covet<5us eyes, had stood
aloof throughout. " Give me," said she, " a share of your trea-
sures, and I will run away with them and enjoy them all by
myself." Those who are inside desire their cousin to join then).
Now, what will they say ? Will it not be in substance this : —
" If we did not wish you to come in, we might out of good
nature give you a part. But we know if we share with you
while you stand outside, you will have gained all that enticts
you to enter, so you will not come into otu' playhouse. There-
fore, you will get no favors from us until you join us, and then
we will generously share equally with you." Credit the Ameri-
cans with knowing as much as a child six years old.

They desire us to coine into their union. We desire the
financial benefits to be dei'ived from free access to their markets.
This is the bait with wiiich to allure Canada to join them and
they know it. They also know that if they give us their mar-
kets, free of duty, we will have acquired from them all we de-
sire ; consequently we will not join their union. They withhold
these benefits from us, retaining them for their own people.who
are the only ones justly entitled to them. When we join them,
they will share with us but not before.

But some, not yet convinced, say : — Canada once had reci-
procity with the United States, therefore, she will be able to get
it again. To this special p irt of the subject the writer has given
great attention, and he has good rcfxsons for making the follow-
ing statement : — The principal statesmen of the United States
have no sincere intention to hereafter negotiate any i-eciprocity
treaty with Canada that will be appreciably beneficial to he)-.
Their chief reason is simply this ; — They know from the expei i-
ence of the past that kindness on the part of the Republic will
not induce Canada to join their union.

Once before in the history of Canada, tnule was stagnant,
money was withdrawn from commerce, the best of the popula-

—hP~

tion were leaving, and nsal estrtte soM for little more tlinn one*
halt* its former value. The consequeiico wjin, that many Can-
mlians desired a political alliance with the United States. The
Republic pjranfeed us reciprocity, foolinh'y thinkincr that kind-
n'dsH would win over the Canadians who yet dissented. What
were the results to Canada ? Prosperity immediately ensued
on account of our trade with the United States increasing from
»20,000,0(iO to $80,000,(»()0, and Canada remained loyal not to
her own interests but to Europe. The Americans in the mean-
time ascertained that the terms which benefited Canada, did it
iit their expense, and that their kindness to Canada hul *,he
effeet of causint^ her to withdraw from political union with them.
So the Republic abrogated the treaty and has never renewed ifc,
though often solicited.

The present financial depression is again causing Canadians
to think most seriously, but unfortunately for us the Americans
have learnt their lesson from the •xperience of the past, and
they never require to be taught the same lesson a second time.
They know that kindness on their part will never cause Canada
to join them, therefore,as long as w<» remain a part of the British
Empire, they will treat us, not unkindly, but merely with utter
indifference — ^_ju8t the same as Biitain does. They will act to-
wards us the same as they do toward \\.ny nation who exports
the same products, and give us no advantage whatever on ac-
count of our rehitionship — which is again just the same as Brit-
ain does. This conduct on the part of the United States will
not be from any ill-feeling toward us, but from a knowledge
that the pursuance of this course of action will be certain to
promote their interests — both in the present from the duties they
derive from our exports and from the immigration of our
youth — and also in the future by making certain our union
with them. They will defer the revelation of their kindly feel-
ings for their neighboring northein cousins until we unite with
them. The Amtricans are well aware of the fact that nothing
but the desire to promote our selfish interests will ever cause
Canada to agree to political union ; conseciuently they will so
ivgulnte their policy that it will be to our interests to desire
this union. • • \ ' ' .

In order to benefit ourselves, let us join with our American
cousins on fqual terms, and build up a mighty nation,extending
from the Gulf of Mexico to the Artie circle, and from the shores
of the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, in which all farmers will
have the same free markets and enjoy the same priviie^tss.
Your interests are identical with the interests of Cunad;<, to in
advowiting political union, you both benefit your homes and act

■.'is

—56—

the part of patriots. Let this policy bo ably repreRcnted in our
Je^iHlutive h' Let the Parliament of Great Britain and the

Congress of Ainerlca Hanction it. Then the English hpeakinj^j
people of America will be one nation, the jrreutest, riciiest, and
most intellijjent that the world has tiver seen; and the two ^reat
families of An<i^lo-!Saxon8 will join hands across the Atlantic in
a clasp of eternal fiiendship.

THE PROVINCES AS STATES.

'■ Under Continental LTtiion e»vch Province would retain itn
name, orjjanize its own internal ^overinnent, and make an I en-
force all its own civil and criminal laws. Our villaffe, town,
cit}', township and county councils, havincr been borrowed from
the States and not from Britain, would remain as the}' are at
present. It is probable, however, that we would of our own
accord ^rafhially reduce the numl)er of the member's of these
councils iti accordance with more business-like ideas. The ma-
jor ty of till' custom houses between Canada and the United
States would be abolished. We could, and likely would, retain
our present educational system. Our Provincial parliaments
have since Confederation been in all the essentials, HepuVjlican
and not Monarchal, therefore as State parliaments the}' could
remain unchanged. We are in fact in all our Provincial matters
now Anirtricans and not British, otdy we do not know it. We
would obey the same Provincial laws as we do now. In addi-
tion, howevei", to the present legislative and executive powers of
our Provincial or State Parliaments.they would have full power
over the criminal laws and some others. We, and not the Pre-
mier, would probably, though not necessarily, elect the mem-
bers of the Provincial or State Cabinet. In the Republic a
State Cabinet consists only of a Secretary of State, a State
Tretisurer and an Attorney-General, though we could have a
dozen in the cabinet if we wished. Our present Provincial
Lieutenant-Governor would be elected by the people; and V»e
called the (Jovernor of Ontario, Quebec, etc. Each province or
state could have its own judges, appointed as at present, decid-
ing the same cases b}' the sanje laws and with the same juries.
It is not compulsoiy upon any .state to adopt the elective sys-
tem {)f appointing judges. There would V>e a few Federal judges
\n addition.appointed by the House of Representative8,to decide
upon disagreements ari«ing out of Foreign treaties, disputes
between states, etc. These we would very rarely come in con-
tact with. In short, each province or state would remain as it
is at present, as regards all the essentials of its internal manage-
ment, the only difference wouI<] he the increased independence
and legislative and executive powers of our iocal provincial

—67-

pirtliaments. Each state or province ia suppjiel to look out
lor itself in all matters pertainitit^ to itsown business. Tiie United
States is a confederacy of nuTierous, separate and independent
nations, joined together for the public good of its citi;:ens.

A.\though the provinces would remain undisturbed, the
chunges at Ottawa would be startling. The Governor-General
and attendent nobility, the Commander-in-Chief, the High
Commissioner in London, the Canadian House of Lords .ill as
the Senate, the Premier and his Cabinet, all the Dominion
members of Parliament and all the numerous salaried officials at
Ottawa, would be dismissed. These, number over 350 ; their
yearly salaries vary from S50,000 each, down to the comfort-
able pittance of $1,000, and mileage, for a few months attend-
ance. This would effect an immense saving to Canada. The
most of the real work they now do would be transferred to and
performed by the provincial or state legislatures. The suia'l
amount of legislation remaining to be performed would only
require 25 representatives, who would be elected to the House
of Rv'^presentatives of the great Confederacy. This Confeder-
acy a!so has i Senate to which the parliament of each province
or state would elect two members. By this procedure, we
would retain all our characteristics and advantages, and abolish
the cumbersome, useless and expensive part of our legislative
machinery. Our business as a nation would be conducted up-
on a business basis. The electorate would select as our public
servants the ablest of our citizens. They would be paid only
in accordance with the work done, and there would be no fat
sinecures for titled incapables.

14,
28.
29.
30,
42,

43,
44

K It

ERRATA.

Introduction line 28 treatise instead of treaties.
Page 8, line 3.3, inexhaustable " •' unexhauatalde.
■ •' 9, " 28, within sight
•• II, •' 32, locate
" 12, " 36, duties
12, " 37, United
9, saw
36, fulfillment
14, decide
18, exports
.S8, paid
13, separately
6, Rouinania

C( C(

it <(
<l <<

inwi thsight
locat.
' ' doties
Unsted.
sawed,
fulfiltnent.
deside.
experts,
payed,
separately.
Ro^nania.

Xti ,fi<;ti'-'w-iag

■ \

Deak Sir ; —

•'To Ji Patriot i\\v Interests of his Country are
Supreme " is tlie ruling sentiment of tliis little work. Beliov-
that you urc a Canadian I*atriot 1 especially desire you to
read and weigh the facts and arguments herein contained.

Vou are at perfect liy)erty to publish any extracts you
desire from ''HOW TO DOUBLE THE WEALTH OF

This book is sold by the Tnvrjntn News Co., and all book-
sellers at 15cts. with a handsome repp cover and bronze type.

Yours tiulv,

T. E. EWEN.

'«^