CIHM 
 Microfiche 
 Series 
 (i\/ionographs) 
 
 ICMH 
 
 Collection de 
 microfiches 
 (monographies) 
 
 m 
 
 Canadian Instltuta for Historical Mlcroraprodtictiont / Institut Canadian da microraproductions liiatoriqua* 
 
 1995 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes technique et bibllographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original 
 copy available for filming. Features of this copy which 
 may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of 
 the images in the reproduction, or which may 
 significantly change the usual method of filming are 
 checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers / 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged / 
 
 ' — ' Couverture endommagee 
 
 I I Covers restored and/or laminated / 
 
 — ' Couverture restaur^ et/ou pelliculee 
 
 I I Cover title missing / Le litre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur 
 
 I I Coloured inl< (i.e. other than blue or tjlack) / 
 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations / 
 
 ' — ' Planches efou Illustrations en couleur 
 
 I I Bound with other material / 
 
 — ' Reli6 avec d'aulres documents 
 
 Only edition available / 
 Seule edition disponible 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin / La reliure serree peut 
 causer de I'ombre ou de la distoision le long de 
 la marge int^rieure. 
 
 Blank leaves added during restorations may appear 
 within the text. Whenever possible, these have 
 been omitted from filming / II s? peut que certaines 
 pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration 
 appaiaissent dans le texte, mais, kxsque cela etait 
 possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6te fUm^es. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur examplaire qu'il lui a 
 ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- 
 plaire qui sont peut-Stre uniques du point de vue bibli- 
 ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, 
 ou qui peuvent exiger une modifications dans la melh- 
 ode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ Pages endommag*es 
 
 I I Pages restored and/or laminated / 
 ' — ' Pages restaurtes et/ou pelleuldes 
 
 rT' Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / 
 Pages dicoiorSes, tachetees ou piquees 
 
 rn Pages detached/ Pages d^achees 
 
 r^ Showlhrough / Transparence 
 
 I I Quality of print varies / 
 
 ' — I Qualite inigale de I'impression 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material / 
 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 I I Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image / Les pages 
 totalement ou partieltement obscurcies par un 
 feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont ete lilmips 
 a nouveau de fa(on ^ obtenir la meilleure 
 image possible. 
 
 I I Opposing pages with varying colouration or 
 ' — ' discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the 
 best possible image / Les pages s'opposant 
 ayant des colorations variables ou des dteol- 
 orations sont filmtes deux fuis afin d'obtenir la 
 meilleur image possible. 
 
 
 
 Addtonal comments / 
 CommentaiiBs supplimentaiiBs: 
 
 Various paglngs. 
 
 Thit inm is filmid at th« rtduction ratio ehadnd ImIow/ 
 
 Ct docwmnt ist f iimi au tau> d* rMuction indiqui ci-dosoin. 
 
 'OX 14X 18X 
 
 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 24X 
 
 D 
 
Tha copy fllmad h«r* hu b««n raproducad Ihanki 
 to tha ganarotity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 L'axamplaira filmi tut raproduit grica i la 
 gintroiiti da: 
 
 Blbllotheque natlonale du Canada 
 
 Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality 
 poaaibia eonaidaring tha condition and lagibiliiv 
 of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tha 
 filming conttact apacificationa. 
 
 Laa imagat auivantaa ont *t* raproduitas avac la 
 plua grand loin, compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattati da raiampiaira film*, at an 
 conformlta avae laa eonditiona du contrat da 
 filmaga. 
 
 Original eopiaa in printad papar covara ara fllmad 
 baginnihg with ttia front eovar and anding on 
 thr laat paga with a printad or llluatratad impraa- 
 aion. or tha back eovar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original eopiaa ara filmad boginning on tlio 
 firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- 
 aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad 
 or illuatratad impraaaion. 
 
 Tha laat racordad frame on each microfieha 
 ahaii conuin tha symbol —»■ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol y Imeening "END"), 
 whichever appiiaa. 
 
 Maps, plates, cherts, etc., mey be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too lerge to be 
 entirely included in one esposure ara filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames es 
 required. The following diegrems illustrate tha 
 method: 
 
 Lee exempleirea originaux dont la couvarture an 
 papier eat imprimAo sont filmto en commencant 
 par la premier plat at en terminent soit par la 
 darnitra paga qui eompona une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'iltustration. soit par la second 
 plat, selon le ees. Tous les autras axemplairas 
 origineux sont filmta an eammen9ant par la 
 pramKra pege qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impreosion ou d'illuetration at an terminent par 
 la darnitra paga qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un dee symbolea suivants spparettre sur la 
 darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon la 
 ces: le symboie — *■ signifie "A SUIVRE". le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itre 
 filmes i dee taux de reduction difftrenis. 
 Lorsque le document eet trop grand pour itra 
 roproduit en un seul clichi. il est film* 1 partir 
 da Tangle suptrieur gauche, de gauch* * droits, 
 at de heut en bes, en prenant la nombra 
 d'imagea nAcasseire. Les diagrammea suivants 
 illustrant la mtthoda. 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
MaOCOPV RISOIUTION TIST CHART 
 
 (ANSI end ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
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 I.I l^ 1^ 
 
 1.3 
 
 .25 
 
 1.6 
 
 A APPLIED IM/1EE In, 
 
 1653 Eo!t Mam Sl.»« 
 
 
 Boc-.Bjter, N.- .□.>, 
 
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 (716) 288-5989 -F, 
 
 
TIIK 
 
 PRACTICE IN CIUMINAL CASES 
 
 IM 
 
 CERTiOKARI, HABEAS COKPLS, 
 APPEALS, 
 
 ANl. PRI)CEKi.IN<i» ID.lnUE 
 
 MAOISTRATES AM) .II STlcE-S OF THK I'KUK. 
 
 WITH COFms. 
 
 AX ALl'IIAHETICAL SVXol'SIs OF OKKEXCKS. 
 
 WITK tOKMS OP ( IIAKCKS. KTC. 
 
 OHARLKS SKAGKR, 
 
 DP OSIHIIIDE HALL BARRJSTER-aT- LAW, 
 A POLICE MAGISTRATE, ETC. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 CANADA LAW BOOK COMPINY, 
 
 Law Book Pcblisiiers, 
 
 '•i'2 Toronto Street. 
 

 l.NT.„u, „e,.„r,„ ,„ to . „ A„t of P.rl,an„,„ „, (■„,„j., ,„ „„ 
 
 » ou,. I.or.l one IhouMnd „i„e l,u„dred a.,,1 one, .,y Char, " 
 "'^■'^'^ theonieeot ti.e .Minister ot A„,icultu,.e 
 
 CANADA LAW BOOK COMPANV, LAW PEIXTEIlS, ToKOXTC. 
 
 6J0 
 
TAHLE OF CASKS. 
 
 AU-rilme v. Hiimmett 
 
 Alirnimm V. The tjiu-un 
 
 AflK* V. .I,il.»„, 
 
 V. Stewjirl 
 All Lee. He 
 Ali'liivi.ii V. Miiiiii 
 Al.leiicI, V. Huiiii.li™,- 
 
 Allen V. Wc.nliv 
 
 AlliHoii V, (ieii.Vouiicii 
 
 Anclei,oii, Re 
 
 *". U'tlson 
 
 V. N'linMtoiie, Re 
 Aiiiieslev V. Aiij;l«!tett 
 
 AllKII " 
 
 Aniistioiijf, Ex p 
 
 Arii»tt V. Bniillev, 
 Ar.".(7iitl V. LiUv 
 A^lilev V. Ilimllus 
 AtkyiiN V. Kiniieiir 
 Atty.-lieii. of CHiiiwIit V. A ii 
 
 Atlj-.-deii. V, Beilraiid 
 
 V. Bnutit 
 
 V. Davison 
 
 V. Kwok-u-Sing 
 
 V, Lotrkwood 
 V. MeLeon 
 
 Atithnrs, Re 
 
 Ave^on v. Keiinaii^ Z........... .. 
 
 .: Ilu' 
 
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 141 
 
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 1113 
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 Baker v. Triwiiseml - x , . ».. 
 
 Bank of Montreal v. (iiiehrist « T"u"^-i~ 
 
 B.„kofN-.s.W.v.Vi;,S. »1I TP? -« 
 
 Bar of .Montreal v. Hclnan OR„o R 'w 
 
 Barliare, Ex. i. /;';; "t"' "^ 
 
 Barton v! Brietin:: 1 QB ^pf" 
 
 Barnarfin v, I)„|,eri„ Ml S CR il 
 
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 Bartholomew v. WiMman:":.""." .W .1 P 4-if ' 
 
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 Beaufort v. Cla.shav , Y.":";.*"' ■ "; 
 
 2NI 
 
 I.-1.1 
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 29, 30 
 
 01 
 
 :«. 37, 41 
 
 3«, 41 
 
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 Beg^ins, Ex p.. ..]!"' 
 
 . R. I C.P. 
 . I,' K. II S.C. .141 
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 * B. * c, 1.16 
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 41 
 44 
 271 
 
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 TAIII.K UK t'ASKS. 
 
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 H«w<«)l V W ilntin 
 HCMiett, Ku 
 Bi|;Biiiy C'HHt Kl' 
 Hint V. iJdtieN 
 Birch, He 
 Biiiliitp, Ks II. 
 BUko V H««-h 
 Botifl V. ( oniiiMi 
 Bottiwflll % BurtiHide 
 Botolph V Whitechujiel 
 
 Boucher, Re 
 
 Bowdlor'ft Cum 
 
 Buwmtui, Kl |t 
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 Bnidiihaw v. I)iitr> 
 Broham v. ,Toyce 
 
 Bnim V. V.S 
 
 Braxill V, Johns, Ke 
 Breedon v. Copp 
 Brenan'a Case.. 
 Breton v. Landry 
 Brighton ( Map. 1, Ke 
 Brighton S«werN Ai t. Re 
 BriBhoiH V. The (^ueen 
 Broad v. PerkinN 
 
 V. Pitt.. 
 Bruce, Re ... 
 Bryant, Ex p .. 
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 n.'minit V. Cliiik ., IJ AlU'ii .X.ll. I 111! 
 
 Hi't«!lihiir;r V. liniiiil .rum-. Ilv 1 ,v||,.|i (M„„, ,.-,.*>" 
 
 K..rl»-« V. Mi.li. IVri. I!.i J-.' 1 1. II. .-.M ' 
 
 V. Miiiifli 11, |.;^,.[, ;|; 
 
 Kurrt^ttT V. Clurkti III'. I Ml. I.ll 
 
 FimUT V. Toniiitn K.v ;i| U.K. I 
 
 V. rriilurwiNMl :i y\x II 3 
 
 [oiillc.-.. F.% |. I.-, m; «-. 111.' 
 
 riiiiiiiiir V. U'MiiiitiKiiy i^.|{ m* >»||.> 
 
 j;...w V. h,|„t. ;r.' „r 
 
 li-iiHt.-i- V. XlL'Kfii/.n! ■_>>* r .,;, -J.Vi 
 
 FiiH-iimil V. liwiierul. Hi-., C.i ,, ' 1N!I|| ;» (^,f(, :imj» * ' 
 
 
 
 7.T 
 l(H> 
 
 cm 
 
 11HI 
 147 
 
 \tn 
 
 i:a 
 
 4(1 
 
 (iamtltiiry v, K\iip 
 OuUaiit V. ViiriiiK 
 (lullagher, K\ jt 
 (tiinlntT V. IrMiii 
 *lurri«!r v. Colinuiii 
 (turnet v, Fiirniiiil 
 <<emmiU V. liiLilantl 
 '■ilMun V. PtM ]>)r 
 liinlleHtfinu v. \1|h|) 
 t Hover V. Bwali 
 <ioo()nmii V. Rt!(fitm 
 *>ooId V. HoiK) 
 
 (lortlon V. Deiiison 
 
 tlormaii. Ex \> 
 
 'Jdvenior, etc. \ IiMtiettu . . 
 
 iJrainjfer v. Children's Aid Societv 
 
 Kin)fHtoii 
 lirahiim v. MrArtlmr 
 V. S|K..tti)fue 
 • iray v. Conimrn of Ciistom'* 
 *ireen v. PeiiMtii(f> 
 tlregory Anne, Re 
 (iritfin v, Coleman 
 'Juerin, Ro , 
 <luy V. (;. T. Ry Co , Re 
 
 14 1 1' Kill 
 
 
 
 IM 
 
 II 1 1 1 ji; 
 
 
 
 141 
 
 HI 1 1 n: 
 
 
 
 Ul 
 
 4 l-x 11 III 
 
 
 
 \m 
 
 I'M !• im, 
 
 
 
 I7D 
 
 ll II *l llll 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 IJII l< I4J 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 . Hiiii IS ^ 1 ■«■) 
 
 
 
 J.1II 
 
 1 H * 1 III 
 
 
 
 no 
 
 11 r r \i( J7I1 
 
 
 
 tu 
 
 111 li IN 
 
 
 
 217 
 
 .11 \ H M7 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 1 J4I) It -1711 1W1 IIIM 
 
 i' . 
 
 
 .Kn 
 
 1 J-.' i It II-, 1.'^ 
 
 rjii4 
 
 .If 
 
 .'III 
 
 mil 171 
 
 
 
 14.' 
 
 Al S.l.U. 41.-. 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 •JN ( 1 R -14.1 
 
 
 
 31'2 
 
 i-i L ( R 478 
 
 
 
 1114 
 
 1-2 A K .>ltl 
 
 
 
 IS7 
 
 411 .1 1' .14.-) .im. 
 
 •JIM, 
 
 as 
 
 :»3 
 
 ■.►J I P 7.'7 
 
 
 
 116 
 
 4 Riiir imi 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 4 H Jk N JII.-I 
 
 
 
 204 
 
 l«('cix, ( 1- .-,96 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 ill 1' H 37'i 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 I 
 
viii 
 
 TABLE OK CASFS. 
 
 Namit or C.isE. Where Reivktid. 
 
 Hakewell, Re 12 C.B 223 
 
 H"!'. K« 8 A.R. 135 
 
 Hallock, Re 15 0.lt. II 
 
 Httmelyn V. White 6 p.R. 143 
 
 Humiltoii V. MiMBie "'J8 6.R S8.^ 
 
 V. Walker [1892] 2 u B 2.1 
 
 Hamlyn v. Betterly 6Q.B.1) j.1 
 
 Haiidcock v. Humniers 28 1.^.1 M C 19tl 
 
 Hanej- v. Meail, Re ...."..'.Z...'.. 34 C.L J 330 
 
 Hannum v. .McRae 18 P.R 18.'^ 
 
 Hanway v, Boulthee 1 M. ft Rob IJS 
 
 Hai'dwick. Re 12Q.B1> 148 
 
 Hordj'RCp* 24 St. Ti 19(1,733 
 
 Har^icavea v. DjddamEi L.R. 10 g B 582 
 
 Harper, Re 23 O.R 03 
 
 >•• Carr 7 T.R. 270 
 
 Harrington V. Ramsay 8 Eich 879 
 
 Harrison, Ex p. 2 Sm. 408 
 
 V. Smith 9B. 4t 243 
 
 Hastings V. St. James L.R. 1 g K 43 
 
 Hawke, Ex p .'. 10 T.L R 677 
 
 Hawkins. Re 3 p.R. 239 
 
 Heiith V. Weaverham (Overseen^) [18941 2 Q B 114 
 
 Henderson V. Preston 21 Q.B 1) 362 
 
 Hennessy v. Wright .5-L.J.QB ,')94 
 
 Henry Coxon, The 3 p.D. iflQ 
 
 Hereford's Case 2 Ld. Raj 766 
 
 Herrell, Ex p. ' '2 Man. R 522 1 
 
 ,, ,^ ., I 3 Can Cr Ca« li I 
 
 Heywood v. Wait 18 W.R 2a-. 
 
 Hibbitt V. Schilbroth 18 O.R .399 
 
 Hickson and Wilson, Re 17 C.L.T 303 
 
 Hills V. Hunt IS C.B. 1 
 
 Hobbs V. Dance L.R. 9C P 30 
 
 Hodgson V. Little 16 C.B.N S 202 
 
 Hoffman v. Crerar 17 P R. 404 
 
 Holland, Re '~~~Z:S!1 u'.C.R. 214 27, 
 
 Hoover v. Craig 12 A.R. 72 
 
 iTope V. Evered 17 Q.B.1) .138 
 
 Hopkins, Re Daisy 66 J.P. 263 
 
 Hopwood, Ex p. 19 L.J.\1 C 197 
 
 Ex p 15 Q.B. 121 
 
 Home V. Bentinek 2 B. t B 130, 162 
 
 Hottentot Venus Case 3 East, 19"> 
 
 Houghton, Re ' "1 B.C.R 89 
 
 Houard, Ex p 32N.B R 2.37 
 
 Howarth V. Sutcbffe [1895] 2 g B 3J8 
 
 Hudson's Bay Co. V. .loanette 23S.C.R 415 
 
 Humphrey v. Archibald ;....21 O.R. 5,13 
 
 Hunt V. Shaver 22 A.R 202 
 
 Huntley v. Luscombe 2 B. 4 P ."i30 
 
 Hunter v. Oilkinson 7 Q.R. 735 
 
 Hurd V. Moring 1 C. ft I' 372 
 
 Hutton V. Fowke 1 Rep. 648 
 
 Paoi. 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 39, 44 
 
 126 
 
 1.V), 204 
 
 231 
 
 184 
 
 139 
 
 3.>, 144 
 
 127 
 
 197 
 
 53 
 
 111 
 
 135, 136 
 
 SO 
 
 44 
 
 147 
 92 
 83 
 37 
 152 
 275 
 111 
 119 
 141 
 
 112 
 
 178 
 75 
 .->4, 55 
 90 
 85 
 92 
 
 126 
 I, 64, 261 
 
 188 
 62 
 
 205 
 
 258 
 20,209 
 
 111 
 36 
 29 
 
 268 
 
 156 
 54 
 
 111 
 
 289 
 37 
 47 
 
 127 
 141 
 
TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Namk mk Cask. Whkuk RKi-oKTKn. 
 
 Irving V. Askew, Re 2S L.T. 'J4 
 
 Jackson V. Clurke, Re 
 
 .1. 
 
 «l LJ Ii8 
 
 60,01 
 
 tlacunibe V. Dod^^son 
 
 JT I P 8» 
 
 I4H 
 
 Johnson, Kx p 
 
 t B * S 947 
 
 91 
 
 Johnston V. Colam 
 
 I. K 10 Q B liU 
 
 I6S 181 2411 
 
 Jones, Ex p 
 
 1 L M 4 P M7 
 
 209 
 
 V. Edwards 
 
 -> lor -.1!) 
 
 134 
 
 V, Uerman 
 
 lisgTll QB 374 
 
 187 188 
 
 V, Orace 
 
 17 R t«ll 
 
 70 
 
 V. James, Re... . 
 
 I't L I Q B 237 
 
 56 18J 
 
 V. Julian, Re 
 
 m R hoi 
 
 181 
 
 V. Owen .. . . 
 
 ->i> III im 
 
 18! 
 
 V. Williams 
 
 m L T MK 
 
 28 29 30 
 
 .Tud^e of Div. Conrt. Toronto, Re . 
 
 -Ml ( R 6 
 
 179 
 
 Jud^ of ElEin. Re 
 
 iO L (. R ->88 
 
 60 
 
 Julius V. Oxford (Bishop) 
 
 1 R ■) \ (, JU 
 
 00 
 
 Kuj, Re 
 
 tl»97]2Ch. 519 
 
 74 
 
 Keating v. Oraham 
 
 M O.R. 361 
 
 
 Kenyon v. Eaatwood 
 
 ^7 L.J.Q.B. 434 
 
 178 
 
 Keohan v. Cook 
 
 N W.T.R. 54 
 
 70 
 
 King V. Poe .. 
 
 n L.T. 37 
 
 200 
 
 Kingston v. Kingston 
 
 (28 O.R. 399 1 
 123 A.R. 482 J 
 
 64 
 
 Kirkpatriek, Ex p 
 
 32 N' B R 187 
 
 43 
 
 Knight, Re 
 
 1 Exch 802 
 
 136 
 
 V. Halliwell 
 
 L R 9 Q B 412 
 
 148 
 
 V. Medora, Re... . 
 
 14 4 R 11> 
 
 136, 167 
 
 Knowles v. Holden 
 
 24 L J Ex 223 
 
 183 
 
 Koksduh Quarry Co. v. The Queen 
 
 3 B L R mo 
 
 71 
 
 Kmus, Ex p 
 
 1 B * C 2.38 
 
 42 
 
 Kumis V. (inivea 
 
 -.7 L T .-)83 
 
 140, 263 
 
 Kyle, Exp 
 
 .12 X B R 212 
 
 4 
 
 Laconilio V, .St. Marie 
 
 15 L.C. Jour. 276 
 
 233 
 
 Lamh V. .Monster 
 
 IOQ.B.D. 110 
 
 log 
 
 Lanca.ster v. Heaton 
 
 8 E. 4 B. 9.)2 
 
 
 Langwith v. Dawson 
 
 30C.P. 37,-i 
 
 1.37, 1.39 
 
 
 
 
 
 r29.S.C.R. 630 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 130 O.R. 419 
 
 114 
 
 Lea V. Charmington 
 
 23 Q B I). 45, 272 
 
 62 
 
 
 at) LJ M.C 209 
 
 136 
 
 Lecowrs v. Hurtubise 
 
 2 Can Ci. Co». 621.. 
 
 98 
 
 Lee, Re 
 
 3 R .-i97 
 
 
 V. Cohen... . 
 
 71 L T 824 
 
 183 
 
 Lee, Ex p 
 
 Kl R 4 E. 828 
 
 33 
 
 and Judge of Carleton, Re 
 
 24 t 1' 214 
 
 178. 179 
 
» TAIILE OK CASES. 
 
 Name hi- Cask. Wiikkk Rki'ohted. 
 
 Leeaon v. Me<l. Council 42 Ch. 1>. 384 
 
 Leet V. I^rcloe 30 I..J,M.C. loi( 
 
 Leete v Hart 37 L.J.C.P. 187 
 
 Lepjre, hx p 27 N.B.R. 292 
 
 Leicetiter v. Htiwett 37 j p 344 
 
 J-eigh V. CoIb ;;o Coi, C.C. 320 
 
 Uvesque, Ex p 30 n,b.R. 174 
 
 Uvj; V. Mojlon 10 c.B. 180 
 
 Lew,,, Exp.. 2, QB„ ,j, 
 
 Iradsay '■ Leigh ,, q,b. 4,-,4,.. 
 
 Linford V. Fitzroj- 13 Q.B. 240 
 
 Liver|iool v. Everton L.R. C."p 414 
 
 Livingaton, Re 6 P R 17 * 
 
 uAyer v. Ferryman:::;!::::::: i:::: 2 App! cai: sio 
 
 U,„„n V Worloy 11894] 2 Q.B. 828 
 
 London (.Mayor) V. Cox L.R. 2H.L. 239 ' ' 
 
 London Co. Council v. Westham ,. [1892] 2 O B 380 
 
 Long Ex p _ 2-N.B.r:495.. 
 
 I»ng Point Co. V. Anderson, Re 18 A R 401 
 
 Lon-Kail^ng, Ex p ] Can. Or. cia lao' ' 
 
 l.«vell v.Beiiuolmmp [1894] A.C. 607 
 
 Low V. Routledge I,.R. j h.L. 100 
 
 Luton L. B. V. Itovis o K. g^ y.. Kl» 
 
 ''""• ■'-" I' i 27 N..S.R. 491 
 
 . 143 
 
 \r<i 
 
 197 
 20 
 88 
 
 204 
 30 
 
 178 
 , 62 
 
 26.? 
 
 139 
 
 148 
 
 M 
 »P, 288 
 165 
 175 
 91 
 195 
 
 .M. 
 
 McBiide V. Hamilton p. 4 l. Co. 29 O.R. 1(11 
 
 McCoy, Ex p.. , u,n. Cr. C«». 4i>0 . 
 
 McItenguU V. Piitcraon 11 C B 753 
 
 Mcjiee V. The Queen ., Can. Exch. R 304 
 
 Mcf.mw V. Wilhnms .llCrattan (Vir.) Sio:.: : :: 
 
 -MdininMs V. Dafoe (27 O.R. 117) ,„..,« 
 
 Molnstty V. Tanner 9 .Johns (.V 1 ) m 
 
 Mclnt<)ah v. The i^ueen 23 S C R 189 
 
 Mclsaoo >% McNeil 2, jj.S.R 442 
 
 McKeen, Ex p .,2 N.B.R 81 
 
 .McKenzie v. liibson 8 U.C.R 100 
 
 ,. T J '■ Newborn ::.:.:: 6 O.'s.' 480 
 
 McLeod V. Atty,.(ien [1891] A f 4>5 
 
 ,r ,. , *'■ £■"'"'' 12 PR. W) 
 
 McMnhon, Ex p 48J.P70 
 
 McNe. 1 V. Hawe. 1., p.R. ),-, 
 
 .McNeills V. ((artshore.. . 2CP 464 
 
 Macdonald, Ex p :..:.::::: 27 kc.R 683 
 
 Mackie V. Atty..(ien |is94] A C 57 
 
 Muddeii Re .„ U.C.R 1M 
 
 MainviUe Ex p , c„„. Cr U 
 
 Maltby, Re... 7g.B.I) 18 
 
 -Mayor of London V. Cox L.R. 2 H L 219 
 
 Mn.Vor of Rochester v. The Queen.. 27 L..LQ B 414 
 
 Margate V. Hannem 3 B. & Aid 266 
 
 Markham, Ex p 2I L.T. 748 
 
 Marks, Re 3 East, .17 
 
 ,. , ^-Bsy'"" 25 Q.B.I) 494 
 
 .Marsden, Re 26 Ch. t) 784 
 
 •)2S 
 
 12 
 142 
 
 .60, 61 
 127 
 1.37 
 
 21", 2.'i2 
 
 137 
 
 '17 m 
 
 7 9 
 
 20 
 
 198 
 178 
 175 
 
 T« 
 
 63 
 158 
 188 
 11 
 92 
 SO 
 44 135 
 
 :ij- ill 
 ■S4 
 ii 
 
 115 
 86 
 48 
 111 
 184 
 
TAIII.E UK i;asE«. 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 MarHh v. Lewis 
 
 V. Loader.. 
 Murterand (iravenhtirat, Ke , 
 
 WllEKK Rki-uktkh. 
 
 17 Jor. :mS 
 
 14 C.B.N.S. o:W 
 
 . ISO.R. L'43.. 
 
 Murtin v, MuckonoL-liitj . ;j (^. B. I>. ~'Aii. . 
 
 . Pridgeon.. 
 
 MurtinH, Ex p ., 
 
 Matttiewij, Re 
 
 Matton V. Tlio Queen 
 
 Muasey v. Allen 
 
 Maxsie v. Morris 
 
 Meehium v. Home 
 Merehants Bank v. Vui 
 
 ,1 Kl. ft Kl. 
 
 ..!) I><)wl. P.C. 194 
 
 12 Ii-. C.L.R. -^41 
 
 , ."> Kx. C.R. 401 
 
 i;iCh. 1>. .W8 
 
 11>*!)4|3Q.B. 412 
 
 . i*<M).R. 2ti7 
 
 II Allen HH'.R. 348 
 
 "'"'»'■■'• -^^ l!g;^K-.!i?| 
 
 Migotti V. Colville 4 C.P.I). 233 
 
 Miller v. Lea ! f.;''-^*'^. ; > l.", 
 
 I J Cull. L'r. C«8. 2(12 J 
 
 Mineau, Re 4", Fed. Re|i. 188 
 
 Millet V. Morgiin L.R. «('h. 3t)l 
 
 Mitchell V. Brown 1 E. ft E. 267 
 
 Moberly v. CoUhi^uchhI, Ke 2."> il.R. &2H 
 
 Monkhouse V. (i. T. R HA.H. (1.^7 
 
 Mofitlioy V. Collier 1 K. & B. ((.Sll..... 
 
 Montreal (Bur) v. Hoiinll (^.R. s (.I.E. 2li7..... ...... 
 
 Moore v. (Jalngee 2."i (^.B.l). 244 
 
 V. Smith 23 J. V. 133 
 
 Moran v. The Queen Is 8.C.R. 407 
 
 Morgan v. Brown 4 A. 4 E. 51.5 
 
 MouHetv. Cole L.R. 8 Ex. 32 
 
 Mould V. Williams ."» g.B. 4Hy 
 
 MuUiiiH V. Collins L.R. 9 g.B 2'!* 
 
 Murphy, Re 28 N.iS.R. 1041 
 
 [■.Hit. 
 
 I.'ill 
 163 
 
 . 54 
 . XM 
 .. 41 
 . 42 
 til 
 
 IIU 
 .. lUO 
 
 273 
 . 183 
 
 142 
 
 . 273 
 
 . 126 
 268 
 1,15 
 103 
 l,~>6 
 
 1113 
 114 
 161 
 411 
 
 Niipier Fx |i 
 
 Nash, Fx p 
 
 Nash's Last 
 
 Newhy \ I olt 
 
 Newman v lones 
 
 Newport lie 
 
 Newton Ke 
 
 Neville \ Fine Vrts Assooiatloii 
 
 Nohro, h X ] I 
 
 Northeole \ Brunker 
 
 Nugent I* \ J) 
 
 Nunn, Re 
 
 18 y B 611 1 
 I I <j B <l > 
 I) \ 4 1- 29.1 
 I R 7 (J B 21)1 
 1.1 I T 327 
 211 I I M L -13 
 16 I B »; 
 (181171 AC ON 
 1 B * C 26- 
 14 V R 384 
 1 ( an { r ( Ls I2li 
 ..2 Can. Cr. Cas. 429 .. 
 
 il) 
 lO 60 
 42 
 2i8 
 161 
 60 
 Vi 
 2,, 
 
 i 
 
 70 
 
 2(1 24 
 
 .1411, 234 
 
 .131 
 
 251 
 
 133 
 
 O. 
 
 O'Brien v. BraVmer 49 J.P. 221 
 
 O'Neilv. Attv.-lieu 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 303 
 
 O'Reilly v. Allen 11 U.C.R. 5(26 
 
 O'Shea v. O'Shea 15 P.I). 59 53 
 
 V. Wooil ri891]P.286 128 
 
 Osliom V. London Dock Co 10 Ex. 698 101* 
 
 Oxford Tram. Co. v. Sankey 54 J.P. 52, 564 250, '234 
 
zii 
 
 TABLE OK CASES. 
 
 I'. 
 Xame III C.vst. WiiEKE Reiorted. 
 
 Painter v. Lu-er|»ol ;| A. k E. 433 
 
 Pap, Exp 1 B. 4 Aid SIM 
 
 Faquette. Re 11 P. R 483 
 
 Parko, Re I 31) O R 498 ( 
 
 „ , „ 1 3 Can Cr La« lit ) 
 
 Parker, Re S M. » W 32 
 
 _ . . >■ S«" , , 1 Ld. Rav IM 
 
 t^arkins V. Hawksliaw 2 Stark J3fl 
 
 Parry v. Croydon I 11 C B N S 179 1 
 
 Partington, Ex p a Q.B. (156 
 
 Paton, Re 4 (jp_ i^- 
 
 T"iyne V, Uxhridgeijus.) 43 J.'p S27 
 
 1 eacock. Re R. j R j;, 
 
 Pearse V. Sootcher » Q.B.I) 16J 
 
 Pearson v. (ila7.ebrook L.R. 3 Ex J7 
 
 V. Me<io<vran 3 B. 4 C TOU 
 
 1 Bck V. De Rutzen 40J.P. il3 
 
 /""' Peterliorough(Cor.) " !"!"34 U.C R 129 
 
 I eebles* v. OMwaldtwistle [1897] 1 Q B 623 
 
 Pedgrift V. Chevalier 8 C.B.N S >4(1 
 
 Penny V. Hanson ! 18 Q.B I) 478 
 
 Perhuin, Re^. , h. * V 30 
 
 Perkins V. Huxtable 23 J P 197 
 
 Perriiu V. Bellamy .■. " [1899] U h 800 
 
 rharmaceutioal Socy. v. London, etc.. 
 
 Supply Assn s Q.B.D. 319 
 
 Plating Co. V. Farquharaon L.R. 17 Ch. 49 
 
 Plunkett, Re * 3 B.C.R. 484...~.' Vsl 
 
 \ 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 885/ 
 
 Poloniv. dray f 12Ch.D. 411 1 
 
 „ „ J V 1 5 App. Caa. 823 / 
 
 Pomero.v V. Baddele, Ry. * .\T. 430 
 
 Porter, E.x p. 5 b. j g. am 
 
 Portman v. Patterson 21 U.C.R. 237 
 
 Procter v. Parker ' '^ ^I""- R- 328 V 
 
 \ 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 374.. ( 
 
 Paiie. 
 130 
 
 48 
 177 
 
 «3 
 
 3i, 42 
 138 
 12 
 
 20 
 37 
 98 
 114 
 136 
 60 11!6 
 
 92 
 419 
 249 
 88 
 74 
 
 21» 
 
 179 
 
 4, 18, 25, 
 29,48,236 
 119 
 
 179 
 178 
 136 
 
 (Indexed under Regina v.) 
 
 Radcliffe V. Bartholomew [1802] I Q B 161 
 
 Railway Slee[>ers Sup Co , Re 2<) Ch 204 
 
 Ratt V. Parkinson -id [, .j ji e 208 
 
 Rayworth, Ex p. .. .> f,,,, (_> f-,„ .,^ 
 
 Reeoe v. Miller 3 Q B D 620 
 
 n«™ \; '"'"" 24 () B T) 689 
 
 Reid, Ex p 411 .1 |. 00,, 
 
 V. Langlois | j|„x & o 627 
 
 V. Maybee 31 C.P. 34S 
 
 , 148, 283 
 
 206 
 
 265 
 
 288 
 
 136, 182 
 
 l.'il. 132 
 
 63 
 
 127 
 
 198 
 
TAllLE Of CASES. 
 
 Namkof Cask. 
 
 WiiKHl: RKrokTKO. 
 
 P.v;k. 
 
 Reynolds, Ex ii. 
 
 f SJur. in-i 
 
 47 
 
 
 \'20('h P 'JW 
 
 109 "2*" 
 
 Rice Jones, Ex p 
 
 1 L M i F liT 
 
 200 
 
 Richardson v. Runsonw 
 
 10 R 3117 
 
 113 
 
 Riel V. The Queen 
 
 1 R 1(1 \ C 07) 
 
 D7 
 
 Robinson v. Emerson 
 
 4 H * (. »J 
 
 208 
 
 V. Moskes 
 
 > M * Rob Vl 
 
 71 
 
 Robson V, Kemp 
 
 4 !•.[. ij 
 
 
 Rochester (Mayor) v. The Queen 
 
 .'7 1 1 U H 414 
 
 50 
 
 Rochon, Re 
 
 II K IJ-J 
 
 ■rti 
 
 Rodgers v. Richards 
 
 IISU-JI 1 Q B 35.> 
 
 184 250 
 
 Rogers v. Uuvunagb 
 
 .'7( !■ ill 
 
 76 
 
 V. Hawken 
 
 31 r L 174 
 
 110 
 
 Ross, Ex p. . ... 
 
 Kan Cr Cas l"..) 
 
 22 
 
 Re 
 
 II'R 101 
 
 42 
 
 Ruddv. Prank 
 
 17 <) R 7W 
 
 127 
 
 Ryer and Plows. Re 
 
 40 L C R JOO 
 
 71 
 
 R. V. Aberdeen : 
 
 14 g B HM 1, 78, 
 
 144 184 206 
 
 V. Abergele 
 
 '> A ft E 7I« 
 
 14 
 
 V. Adams 
 
 I* P R 462 
 
 12 
 
 V. Adamson 
 
 1 Q B D 201 
 
 02 111 
 
 V. Adey 
 
 1 M ft R 94 
 
 lull 
 
 V. Ahliin 
 
 J B I R JOT 
 
 7, 10 
 
 V. Alexander 
 
 17 O R 4W 
 
 204 
 
 V. Allen 
 
 1 1 Den ( ( VU 
 
 11.4 
 
 
 \ 10 ( ox 40.-I 
 
 17". 
 
 V. Alwaid 
 
 ->.. R .'il'l 
 
 2-KI 
 
 V. Anderson 
 
 LR ICC 161 
 
 174 
 
 V. Andrews 
 
 IJOR 1*4 
 
 111 
 
 V. Archibald 
 
 lLnTeix>rted) 
 
 283 
 
 V. Arscott 
 
 II R -►11 
 
 10 
 
 V. Ashburn 
 
 » C t P 50 
 
 64 
 
 V. Ashcroft 
 
 J Can tr Cas 183 
 
 8 9 2t. 
 
 V. Ashplant 
 
 ,■)-> I P 474 
 
 2(li 
 
 V. Ashton 
 
 J Lewm 147 
 
 111 118 
 
 V. Askew 
 
 4 Burr 2I8H 
 
 49 
 
 V. Askwith 
 
 II R ISO 
 
 107 
 
 V. Attwood 
 
 JO R )74 
 
 124, \V) 
 
 V. Aves . 
 
 J4 LT 04 
 
 2611 
 
 V. Badger 
 
 4QB 4«S 
 
 217 
 
 V. Baillfls 
 
 1 B *t Sti 
 
 6(1 
 
 V. Boker 
 
 2 M ft R 63 
 
 110 
 
 V. Baldry 
 
 2 Den (. L 442 
 
 120 
 
 V.Banks 
 
 1 ( an ( r ( OS 370 
 
 17 112 
 
 V. Barker 
 
 1 l-ast 1)16 
 
 28 
 
 
 ( 24 Q B I) 2m 
 
 1(1 41 44 
 
 V. Barnanlo 
 
 21Q BD 10> JO 
 
 41 43 44 -.1 
 
 
 1 IIUMI AC 120 
 
 16, 41 41 
 
 V. Barnett 
 
 1 r R 040 
 
 81, 166 
 
 
 1 1 ( * P 600 
 
 201 
 
 V. Barret 
 
 1 Salk IKI 
 
 110 
 
 V. Barton 
 
 1 1 g B 3811 
 
 2TJ 
 
 V. Basingstoke 
 
 10 1, ; \I C 28 
 
 14 
 
 V. Bass 
 
 2C SK Xli 
 
 201 
 
 V. Butoheldor 
 
 1 P ft D '.16 
 
 4.1 
 
 V. Bate 
 
 1 IC ox 686 
 
 121 231 
 
 V. Bother ~''"^~!!!.!^ 
 
 42 1. T J12 
 
 (.2 
 
*" T.IIILE Of CASES. 
 
 NjMBOKfWt. W,„,«, It,, ,,TM 
 
 V. B«ckwith SCI* 2" 
 
 V. Beden J. o R ISO 
 
 V. Beflfuril ,1 L , oT,i 
 
 >. Been.«r |,ou j,^ 
 
 >. Bell,.!,., _,„ jn -J. 
 
 V. Beliii J .pu |„j, 
 
 V. Bciinttt n O.K 44o 
 
 V Bent„n > '"*■'* ■^• 
 
 ;. Bmmnlotti „ ^■J, ^,g 
 
 • »""■"»»■> «Cox, 1SH 
 
 ■ KffP', 8 Cos 121 
 
 ;.' H; ^'l .'. Mel 1» 
 
 ;.• ™'""" (UiireiMirtral) 
 
 .■ S^i"'' mm! A C -MO 
 
 ; S''7 "Man. K 17J 
 
 ■ !?:*"<"", , r. L.T. (»).■. 
 
 \. H.rmiiiglmm 3 g g, 21I 
 
 V. Bishop f a9 L J (i B 2J 
 
 viBiSr'*?*"' tK"»' 
 
 ;.■ S""'!" 9 Cox, 403 
 
 .■ ST'" 3C.n. tr l,is 4ft.' 
 
 '■ g"'""' 1 g.B. 72 
 
 ;■■ S'™ 16 fox 43- 
 
 .• K™'*'' 4 Cox, 2-2 
 
 '• »"te''« 4B, *h Ojl) 
 
 ;■ «""fl'ei- 8P.R, 2() 
 
 '■ "»"""" 12 Cox, »^ 
 
 '■"■™"'"' 3C,m (r („, 410 
 
 V H„v,i Uiaosj ig B 6m 
 
 .- 5';;' 10 L.,i.M I 141 
 
 .-r-'r IB. *s 111 
 
 ;.■ 5''-''? , 4 p.R. 2o« 
 
 >. Brackenburv... 17 Cox, 628 
 
 V. Bra(lfo,Tl(,Tus.) 4« j.p.' ,4, 
 
 ;:■ 5™'""' 3 Q.B.I) M7 
 
 .•S™''-V 12 0.R. 1o« 
 
 '■ B™"'l™ 3 L.T. 550 
 
 '• H""'""" 6 Cox, .381 
 
 ~-'''™"'"' (Ont. U„re,x>,l«l) 
 
 -«-w«" ifnr,!,r 
 
 ;'B''«ii' i'^"2:; 
 
 ^. Brimlow- pQ ^p ^^ 
 
 V. Bromptoii (.Judge) '.'., '.■.■."" [1893] a'g B iq, 
 
 Paiik. 
 
 2 6 12 
 
 80 
 
 113 
 
 124 
 
 136 
 
 116 
 
 2 12 139 
 
 224 >2/i 
 
 ISO 
 
 1)0 
 
 1T2 2H) 
 
 20 2>2 
 
 143 
 
 llo 116 
 
 2 11 
 
 TO 
 10 
 00 
 
 l->4 
 S 27 29 
 
 261 
 
 2,16 
 60 
 
 1110 
 
 It 
 
 00 77 
 
 I'le 
 
 167 160 
 
 126 
 
 68 95 
 
 21) 
 
 162 
 
 116 
 
 163 
 
 63 
 
 283 
 
 203 
 
 -6 201 
 
 81 
 
 62 
 
 2ti 
 
 109 
 
 44 134 
 
 12.1 
 
 03 
 
 210 
 
 29 30 II 
 
 SO 
 
 86 
 
 2i1 
 
 84 
 
 2-6 
 ll>4 
 
R. V. Hinwii 
 
 V. Bii.ldeii 
 
 V. Bull 
 
 V. BuUe.v 
 
 V, BiirjreHs 
 
 V. Biinlett 
 
 V. Burke,... 
 
 V. Biirlpv 
 
 V, Burton 
 
 V, Burti-eH>i 
 
 V. Bush 
 
 V. Bvrile.. 
 
 V. r'air-tor 
 
 V <'iUIll.|irll.'<? (K.'t I 
 
 V. ('iiiiiliriilgti 
 
 V. Cuiiil)ri(lf,'eshirt!i luH ) 
 
 V. Cameroii 
 
 V. Ciuhniy 
 
 V. Canlen 
 
 V. C'lirey , 
 
 V. Cur)icuter 
 
 V. Carr 
 
 V. Carter 
 
 V. Casbolt 
 
 V. Cuvulier 
 
 V, Cuvuniiyh 
 
 V. Cent. Cr, Court 
 
 V. CliuiKller 
 
 V. Clmiitreit 
 
 V. Chiipman 
 
 V. Clw.rriMiI 
 
 V. Charities Commi<tNioiien 
 V. Chelteiihnm (Jus ) 
 
 V, Chijtnuui 
 
 V. Ciurlo 
 
 V. Cinnue Ports ( Jnn ) 
 V. Clark 
 
 V. Cliirke 
 
 V. Cleary 
 
 V. Clemens 
 
 V. Clewes 
 
 V. Cloete 
 
 V. Cloutier 
 
 V. CKift' 
 
 V. Coekhurn 
 
 V. ('tK-kshutt , 
 
 V. Coleman 
 
 K l-A.SES. 
 
 
 
 XV 
 
 WllKKK KKI'DhTKK. 
 
 
 1 
 
 M 1 
 
 1 ilX.S.K. Jl 
 
 
 
 24-. 
 
 .11 X.S.H. 4U1 , 
 
 
 
 240 
 
 : IIKI.R. 41 
 
 3) 
 
 I4-. 
 
 2118 
 
 7 K. * B. T'lT 
 
 
 
 1.4 
 
 ■I1NI1.-.II g.B. 111)..., 
 
 
 
 211, 
 
 iBi.I.R ie« 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 . IJ C.s. .11 
 
 
 
 221 
 
 4 H. * .\lcl. 179 
 
 
 lull 
 
 1 7 C. & P. 4HH 
 
 
 
 211) 
 
 1 KilJ.B.l). 141 
 
 
 
 281 
 
 IB. *,V1,I. 717 
 
 
 100 
 
 11,7 
 
 1 1 Inn. eV. Caa 
 
 
 
 r. 
 
 1 ll'nre|iortea) 
 
 
 108 
 
 1117 
 
 . .1 liilsH. 4r4."iHi 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 I1S1I7I il).a. 41)8 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 ...1 Can. Cr. Vm. .130 
 
 JOII 
 
 284 
 
 288 
 
 .. I.". (J.K WIS 
 
 
 
 112 
 
 ..lilll...I..M.C'. ill 
 
 
 
 01 
 
 311 IMMi. -.'47 
 
 
 
 2112 
 
 .1 K. * K. Ii:l7 
 
 
 
 119 
 
 •-■7 I...I.M.1'. 160 
 
 
 144 
 
 184 
 
 44.1.1'. IIM 
 
 
 
 2.M 
 
 1 (.nn. Cr. Cum. 109.... 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 , 14yuf. I..R. -"a... 
 
 
 
 ISO 
 
 , .li;.B.l). 1 
 
 
 
 ,03 
 
 2H 
 
 ..14(-'ux,.114 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 ...■JCiJ!c,±>!l . 
 
 
 
 211 
 
 .. lOg.B.l). 70 .. 
 
 
 
 1-4 
 
 1 .1 0. R. .1117 
 
 
 118 
 
 24, 
 
 '|-.'4 L..J.M.C. 7a 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 . 1 1 Cox, riH-i 
 
 
 
 1411 
 
 11 Mn.i. K. 333 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 ..i Clin. Cr. Ciis. 317 . . 
 
 
 
 187 
 
 lug.B.l). 314 
 
 
 12 
 
 287 
 
 .14 East, 287 
 
 -'4 
 
 I'll 
 
 2-,0 
 
 i-R. luy.B. .im 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 n O.R. Ml 
 
 
 
 141 
 
 \ 1-2 Cox, 4 .... 
 
 
 
 I'I4 
 
 34C.L..I. 210 . 
 
 
 121 
 
 122 
 
 ...I1S9711 Q.B. 407 
 
 
 
 VI 
 
 1 (;. B. 407 
 
 
 
 144 
 
 . 1 Can. Cr. Cos. SI 
 
 119 
 
 100, 
 
 248 
 
 .1 Cun. Cr. CiM. 137 
 
 
 
 IW 
 
 17 Q.B.U. 191 
 
 
 
 >-i2 
 
 .1.-. O.R. 40 
 
 
 
 nil 
 
 r20O.R.042 23,140 
 
 181 
 
 i-|2 
 
 2->1 
 
 1 1 Burr. lilKi 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 3 Burr. 1.102 
 
 
 4. 
 
 4< 
 
 IC«W|». 6UI, 
 
 
 
 271 
 
 ..2 F. & F. 8.-1O . . 
 
 
 11-1 
 
 110 
 
 ..[ISIW] 1 Q.B. ,'i60 
 
 
 n> 
 
 1 .0 
 
 .4 C. t P. 221 
 
 
 
 12) 
 
 04 L.T. 90 
 
 
 
 0) 
 
 .2 Can. Cr. Cai.. 43 
 
 
 
 1118 
 
 .40 U.C.R. ,-*-! 
 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 Iteira * B. 203 
 
 
 
 221 
 
 II.SHHI 1 <).B. 382.. 
 
 
 
 284 
 
 ,311 (I.R. 113 
 
 
 % 
 
 217 
 
XVI 
 
 TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Name or Cahil VVhih. RiroHTHD. 
 
 "• *■• t;°|«y 10 coi, rae 
 
 V. Col ey M » M 32» 
 
 '• };°" »" « M.ii K 131 
 
 V. Conlin 29 O.R 'in 
 
 »■ tonnell} sB OR ISI 
 
 v.conii<.uy aao.R aao 
 
 »■ Conollj I c,, Cr ( u 2.511 
 
 V. Look. I F » F 64 
 
 »• i-,™"'" I. R 4 P C SM 
 
 •• S"'*" 2 ( an Cr Cm 4I» 
 
 V. Compm .. ( a„ , r (;„ ,„, 
 
 V. Lotham [ICBNl 1 y B 1102 
 
 V. Coulnon 5 .!4 IJ K J48 
 
 1 27 OR TO 
 
 T. Courwy ( "« O R «M 1 
 
 r. .. \-J7 0R 181/ 
 
 V. Coutt. .?()R 644 
 
 "■ Co«lo J Burr KM 
 
 V. Cox f ISO R 22» 
 
 „ ,, I14y H I) I.'i3 
 
 V. Cr.bl« ,, u(. K 447 
 
 "■ ^"'B; 21 U (■ B .IW 
 
 V. Cmndull ^ 27 O R 83 
 
 V. Cnninton 12 M,„ r j;] 
 
 V. Creelmai, .^i N a r 4,^ 
 
 V. Cridland 7 E 4 B N.T8 
 
 V. Cntchlow JB ^v R „„| 
 
 " i;'™"" .ICan. Ci (.a» l.-,.> 
 
 V. Crotliers n >|„„ r, ng- 
 
 V. Croucli a, L- c R 4;« 
 
 *• ';""' „ 1 c L..I ma 
 
 V. Cro.ell 2Cati. Cr Ca, 14 
 
 V. Cumb Olid (,Iu». ) 4 A 4 E HIM 
 
 V. Cunerty / 2« O R fll 
 
 „ . I2(aii Cr Cum Sfi 
 
 V. tuBhing 28 \ R 24(1 2 HI. 
 
 '•'.yr TCLT 117 
 
 '■'■ ""'" -* L' L.J 1JS7 
 
 "■ "■"" 1 Moo C C 424 
 
 '• Dai""" 12 Man R dW 
 
 V. Davidnon ( 4S f C R 81 
 
 11 Can Or tiis lill 
 
 V. Davia ( 1 Burr «:<Hn 
 
 i 14 Cox, StU 
 
 V. Davy /27 A R SOU 
 
 T. 14 Can Cr Caw 2H 
 
 '■ I?"y 20 O.R 209 
 
 '■ S^>°)S .- ' >=■ & B 072 
 
 V. Iteal (Mayor) 4.-, i, ]. 439 
 
 '■■■ "S".^ 11 Cox. 227 
 
 "■ K! rV- 25 O.K 64o 
 
 V. Iterbyshire {.Ills. ) 70 B I9.S 
 
 V. 1)0 Rutam ;;;;;, qrj) ■„ 
 
 V, Deswti. g L,jj 3g. 
 
 >■• !J!"K " 1 Leach .104 
 
 '■■ j;!'«'».v 1 C. i K 6.17 
 
 "• Dixon 29 jj.S R 402 
 
 Pahi. 
 121 
 IHO 
 2«4 
 2)13 
 129 
 
 112, 64 130 
 114 
 168 
 129 
 280 
 .11 
 1. 03 
 
 17 21, 249 
 21 
 
 .M, I OS 
 
 17 
 
 33 
 
 241, 263 
 
 126 
 
 m 
 
 215 
 
 18. 23 
 
 283 
 
 2 
 
 272 
 
 IA6 
 
 284 
 
 2 
 
 .'62 
 
 274 
 
 200, 286 
 
 02 
 
 .12 W. fi4 
 . 28<j, 288 
 
 me 
 1.11 
 2 
 n.-., i.')7 
 ii.t 
 34 
 101 
 
 l.'>8, 1S9 
 22 
 12.1. 126 
 63 
 142 
 102 
 IS 
 71 
 02 
 
 tat 
 
 116 223 
 121 
 !I2 
 
TABLE OK (ASEH. 
 
 Nauk iirC*<tE 
 
 - Ihttierty 
 
 V. IHironur 
 V. I>uii(rlaH 
 
 V. IhlllfflnNM 
 
 V. ihi'vliiijf 
 V. [low-ljty 
 
 V. Ihi^le 
 V. Drew 
 V. Dniinmonil 
 V. Dnirv 
 V. Duldiii 
 V. Ifuj^gan 
 
 V. DllDIl 
 
 V. Diiiiiiing 
 
 V. Ihirtmm (Jul) 
 
 V. Eogaii ... / II Miiii K IJ4 1 
 
 „ V ., \l Can Cr Cu 112 / 
 
 V. Eapclley ^uj,]. ^,, 
 
 V. Kiitoii Co., Ltd aiO.R 'lOl 
 
 WllJKI KEItlKTKll. 
 
 , SJ N K R JM 
 l.t(i;X, .M 
 I.I ( .,v '.'4 
 l3(iMi ( r Cu* DOB 
 I4C„| 41X1 
 ( I I nil ( r t'lin. iai 
 
 1 1 \I>||> K 4V1 
 I [IMhJ ItjB MU 
 IJI..IgB 49 
 17 R 111)8 
 I'lO R UJi 
 I IJ O H .147 
 I J {'nil ( r Ciu 335 
 "I t !• 141) 
 
 I Kii.t. I' (• 3.13 
 IX I. I MC 189 
 I. R .' 1- .-,.■7 
 -III r. T •« 
 
 I I * 1' 141 
 14 (> K iJ 58 
 1!)L r 
 
 XVll 
 
 I'AlilL 
 i» 
 Idl 
 
 1:21 
 
 •Jiu 
 
 127 
 
 108, IJU, I3<) 
 
 IIW 
 
 143 
 
 44 
 
 27 
 
 28, 112 
 
 188 
 
 249 
 
 120 
 
 117 
 
 131 
 
 142, 14.1 
 
 140,248 
 
 1J2 
 
 20 W 11 
 
 113 
 
 68 es 
 
 V. Edwards . 
 
 f 19 A K 706 
 
 .. I as O R 411 
 
 I4W.R 2'>7 
 
 %. Eder«ha„ ., (.. * 1- KM 
 
 V. t dmlgo R. 4 R 44,1 
 
 ^- '•■' 13A.R 120 2 
 
 „„. (12 OR i24 
 
 "■ Elliott J 3, o.R 14 
 
 I 3 fun ( r Cm. 93 
 V. EUin (25 U( R 324 
 
 _, . _ l|1899|iyB 230 
 
 V. tjlnnKton i r j ^ „s, 
 
 V. l-^noch .ICAI '»19 
 
 V. Erdheim [|„,|,n o y r jjo 
 
 '• ^^^ ■;■, 2 Eu»t, PC 112.1 
 
 i.„. '•'"'•• [I»!W] I y B 18 
 
 '■ Ettinger .1C«„. Cr ( a» 187 
 
 '• f™"" «2 L.T. (i70 
 
 '■ |«Ml' 20 O.R. «U 
 
 ''■ fy™ L.R. 3 B 487 
 
 V. Fadorman 1 I>eii. ( f Ml 
 
 V. Fagent 7 (j. ft p jih 
 
 %. (amlKirougli „ [189.->|2 g B 484 
 
 V. tarrnnt oq y.Bl) iN 
 
 "■ ™™11 1,.R. 2C C lie 
 
 V. Fawcett / I" LT 198 
 
 _ I II (oj 303 
 
 V. tearman j._. o R 410 
 
 V. Fee (10 R. 107 
 
 I 13 O R 500 
 19 C r R 4S 
 y B I). 14' 
 
 V. Fellows. 
 V. Fennell. 
 
 V. Ferguso] 
 
 '" 20 .N'.Si.R 154 
 
 117 
 
 192 249 
 
 103 104 
 
 149 
 
 1 iS 
 
 104 
 
 119 
 
 32 12 54, 217 
 
 24 31 26« 
 
 I2.S 
 
 12.1 
 
 4 
 
 167 169 
 
 111 
 
 122 121 
 
 111) 
 
 107 
 
 12 147 245 213 
 
 264 
 
 136 266 
 
 238 
 
 116 117 
 119 
 141 144 145 
 221 
 62 
 61 
 116 
 116 
 107 
 \l\ 
 12(1 121 
 
XVIII 
 
 Kami or Caii. 
 a V. Field 
 V. Finkia 
 V. Fltigvrald 
 r. FIann«Kkn 
 V. FlemiiiK 
 v. Fletcher 
 V. FHnUhire (Jufe ) 
 V. FIj tin 
 V. Forbes 
 
 V. Forreeter 
 
 r. Foeter 
 
 V. Fowell (Mayor) 
 
 V. Fowler 
 
 TABLE or CAHEH. 
 
 V. Franco 
 
 V. Fruer 
 V. Frawley 
 V. French 
 V. Froet 
 V. Uaisford 
 
 V, flallagber 
 
 V. Galvin 
 V. Oarbetl 
 V. Uardner 
 V. Garland 
 V. (larneau 
 V. Garitiw 
 
 r. Oavlll 
 
 V, Gay 
 V. Gibbon 
 
 V. Gibbona 
 
 V, QibaOQ... 
 
 . Gilei 
 
 . Gilham .. 
 
 V. Gillespie 
 
 V. Gilliard 
 V. GiUi^ 
 V. (iirdwood 
 V. Gluflter 
 V. Oljdo 
 
 V. Goddard 
 
 V, Goodericb... 
 V. Goodman . .. 
 
 V. Gordon 
 
 V. Goucrh 
 
 V. Grady 
 
 Wh>k> Ripoanii. Pina. 
 
 leC.P. M UH, J*i 
 
 ISCP. 4U I'a 
 
 WO.K. :M9 1», M 
 
 ICan. Cr. Caa. 5IJ 146 
 
 mo.B. las 1», iti 
 
 lao.B.l). 47 w 
 
 VL.R. ICC. 990 aw 
 
 llJur. ins t* 
 
 aoo.R. 8311 ai 
 
 (locox, aaa no 
 
 1 1 Holt, N.r. 800 ass 
 
 10 Cox. 471 in 
 
 7 C. * p. 49S i»a 
 
 SB. (tC. MO 01 
 
 .. I Balk. 29S,3»0 40 
 
 ( 1 Can. Cr. Caa. 321 90S 
 
 i 9 M. & R. 907 2M 
 
 22 N.S.R. a09 14 
 
 4BU.C.R. 231 11 
 
 13 O.R. 80 !»9, 964 
 
 »C. »P. 19» 203 
 
 [1802] lU.R. 381 143 
 
 / 13 Cox, 61 ion 
 
 lis Cox. 291 US 
 
 10 Cox, 108 994 
 
 1 Den. C.C. 236 199 
 
 1 Uen.C.C. S29 190, 192 
 
 L.R. B Q.B. 269 S« 
 
 4 Can. Ur. Caa. 60 131 
 
 5 B.C.R. 61 88 
 
 f IS Jur. 329 43, 44 
 
 ...J 16 Cox, 086 128 
 
 I 1 Can. Cr. Caa. 89 871 
 
 7 C. » P. 230 117, 118 
 
 8 Q.B.D. 16S 148 
 
 (IC. JtP. 991 193 
 
 J 12 Man. R. 184 88 
 
 I I Can. Cr. Uaa. 340 88 
 
 f 18 O.R. 704 88 
 
 i 20 O.R. 600 19, 24, .18 
 
 1 3 Can. Cr. Can. 481, 46S ...137, 938 
 
 6 C.P. 84 114 
 
 . 1 Mood. C.C. 186 124. 128 
 
 f 1 Can. Cr. Caa. 881 40, 187, 198 
 
 ) 2 Can. Cr. Caa. 309 187 
 
 [ 18 P.R. 163 74, 76 
 
 12 Q.B. iS27 162 
 
 11 Cox, 89 120, 194 
 
 2 East, P.C. 1120 167 
 
 18 Cox, 471 116 
 
 L.R. 1 C.C. 139 182 
 
 f 15 Cox, 7 116 
 
 \16J.P. 491 126 
 
 19 L.J.Q.B. 413 63 
 
 9 O.R. 468 33 
 
 I B. t Aid. 872 48 
 
 22N.S.R. 616 264 
 
 ... 7 0.t P. 680 228 
 
TAIILE l)K lAHEM. jIj 
 
 Na»i or C*.!. vv„„,r. Rj„„t,„. |,„„ 
 
 «■'■'"•'- (is:;;^.'^^^^. "•'"■*' 
 
 V. (Irmnt I IH C) K 119 j^j 
 
 V. (i. W. Ry. Co tl> I I II u *»i 
 
 *■;»")'. 21 OR 21. ,2 
 
 v.H.ii«=k i^iHt",' «J 
 
 V. ifumilton t H an Ir Liu 3W Jxa i2a 
 
 I 7 ( » P 44H Jit 
 
 V. Hammond .. 1-11 I) K 311 T^ 
 
 1. .. ( » L T 423 ill 
 
 '■{{-^•'•y HiB*l,'3i!f IS 
 
 f-& «Tr*RM"?,7 'S 
 
 v' hIS^ K * M 33H 2^ 
 
 ■ S", 4' I C R 1 ^ 
 
 vKX -■ f»<)R«i asi.sS 
 
 '• 5""" 37 <■ LJ la Sj 
 
 V. H.,,,l,r.l,rtt 2.1 OR. 478 'M, 188, ^ 
 
 V. Hereford (Com ) / ,T 4 fSJ^* "!« 
 
 '""""IS-oil U„*^;C^.10 ^.1«, 4I 
 
 v'SST" ?A*"r': 4^"- " ,g 
 
 V. Hertford 1 P * n hk '^ 
 
 V. Hertford,!,.™ (Jus ) o qb 783 ,S 
 
 V. Hewett p * *t «■»< '* 
 
 '■»i'"»« Lh7c.C184 !P 
 
 V. Hijfgini f 18 O.R. 148 "3,'; 
 
 V. Hodgen, |^, g ^ 3^. ^37 
 
TAIILE l>r (ANEK. 
 
 Namk. orCAlB. W'HklHK HKrtwTKl). 
 
 B. y. Mn.lg« \ : A. K. il« 
 
 V. H.vxuth W O.K. •' 
 
 V Hulim. la Cox, MS 
 
 V. HM|>kll» M.I.I'. aiM 
 
 V. Hortoil S Cttii. Cr. CV". M 
 
 V. Hciiiae J M»i>. K- W 
 
 V. Howiml « •■,LT. .1*. 
 
 V. How.rth I .M"«<1. I'.C. *i: 
 
 V. HiiUpuJ 1* •.■■)», MW 
 
 „ ^ /«) L..l..\H'. iJn 
 
 V. llugiftnl - - 
 
 . Hu){heri .. 
 
 t IIKUn] IIVH. M3 
 
 ( Ju O.K. !■» 
 
 4 1J.B.I). «U 
 I INS, 'JM, 
 
 V. Huntington (JlM.) ■• V-B.U. .WJ 
 
 V. Hurlburt 2« S.H R 113 
 
 V, Hutclilnxm i B. H, WW 
 
 V. Ingluun m».B 3BII 
 
 . • (a Can ( r I •• 
 
 V. .Iwkion |g i.,„ ,v.i, 
 
 V. Janwi I C. t r Sii 
 
 V. .Irmouaki ! 10 Co«, «W 
 
 V. tlftrvii L.R. 1 C( BO 
 
 V. Jeffrey! '** L.T "•* 
 
 V. Jenklni L.B. 1 CC 1117 
 
 . Jolinston 
 
 l-iC *K IVt 
 
 I ao C t R 
 
 .^ 443 
 
 (sal'L R M» 
 
 ». Joint Stock Co.'» Regr 21 <J.B 1) 1.11 
 
 ■ 3 F » F JtW 
 la C jk P 343 
 
 V. Jone. 12 Camli 131 
 
 13 ( <n, S41 
 H18S41 2 UB 3112 
 , _, IOC »P im 
 
 V. Jordan -^ja « k .vm, 7b7 
 
 Y. JomMn 10 Cox, 74 
 
 V. Jukei "T.R Mi 
 
 V. Kab 17T.LR 67 
 
 ". Kem|>;i 31 O.R «31 
 
 V. K.i.n«ly 11 M.n B 3a» 
 
 f 44 J P 2DII 
 
 V. Kent ( JuR. ) .. 
 
 Kent 
 
 ',317 
 B 3IIS 
 gHI) IHI 
 fJUUP .'14 
 
 Keiteven (JuB.) 3 y.l nil 
 
 Kiddy 4 1>. k R -J4 
 
 /4 
 
 \8Jut 271 
 lU Kiut,3r 
 
 ..4l.r II y I 
 |24g H 1) 
 
 r2UQ B1I 4,1 
 { ISO K M6 
 
 I [i»' 1 1 g B 
 
 f 20 Q B II 4,10 
 
 .. KinKey 7 C. * T 
 
 V. Klamp 10 O R 143 
 
 V. UWe "P.H 230 
 
 V. Unjffold 15 O K 5? 
 
 B 214 
 
 Paok, 
 
 ISO, 140 
 
 32 
 
 2M 
 IIW 
 2«3 
 2tMl 
 . 211. 4I< 
 2I> 
 IIM 
 
 lis 
 
 IM 
 
 142, 144 
 
 22 
 
 240, 2»2, 2.U 
 
 142. 143 
 
 1« 
 
 I in 
 
 112 M 
 
 123 
 
 im 
 Jim, 213 
 
 124 
 
 nil, 123 
 
 34« 
 
 ll.V lis 
 
 1111,223, 22S 
 
 17 
 SO 
 221 
 203 
 
 ia« 
 
 1211 
 41) 
 1(4 
 
 UH 
 1711 
 
 2lt 
 
 221 
 
 2H2, 301 
 
 47 
 144 
 
 47 
 
 11 
 
 70 
 
 M 
 
 10(1 
 
 120 
 
 04 
 
 •H5 
 
 02,07 
 
 193 
 
 1S2 
 
 20.1, 'i04 
 
 142, 144 
 
 24,29 
 
 : 141 lei 
 
TAMU: iiK 
 
 ■Aj*E:1 
 
 N'lHKnr Cakk. 
 K. V, lA|)i«m 
 >. LAiiglitor 
 
 V. iMVilt 
 
 y, I^Mnnoflt 
 
 V, htm 
 
 V. I<fli-Mt«r 
 V. I,vfnt} 
 
 v. I^vetx|ite 
 V. Lpviiitfvr 
 
 V. Little 
 
 V. Little* hild 
 
 V. Litlleilttlu 
 
 V. Lliim>lniihir(9 (.li.dye: 
 
 V. LivvriNMl Rj. t'u. ,., 
 
 V. Lloy.l 
 
 V. Lofol Ciov. Bd 
 
 V. London 
 
 V. I^iidun (Cily, 6iit!i 
 V, I^ndoii tiui Co. 
 V. I^nduii (Mayor) 
 
 ' London (Jni.) 
 
 - LiK kliiint 
 '. I vii<h 
 '■ I \ ons 
 
 \fLMl.m 
 . \io Vnn 
 . McAulsy 
 
 . MtBernv 
 
 . McHridb 
 . .Mr( iirtfiy 
 . M(.i>earniid 
 
 V. McIMiiftld 
 
 . -MeParlane .. 
 . McfJoveni ... 
 
 ■ MtKiregor 
 
 ..1 
 
 WiriHC KlI'OKTKJ.. 
 
 I fun. ^'t. ftt*. (1,1 
 
 '''I * K ta 
 
 ll'I'R. (Hi 
 
 " IM.R. IIM 
 
 ■-"SN.H.R. W 
 
 : ►'. t r. (H 
 
 I l>l^H.I> .1IM 
 1.1I1.R .tvi 
 
 ' iriitt. (>. ca*. -jiia 
 |l"l"l| -.'i^K. 11,' J 
 
 I..K, 1 IIM. 1S4 
 •Jl'i.n. (V. Ci.. SlKt 
 *l I'.CK. Ml 
 ■-'.'ll.R till 
 
 HH.r R il 
 
 I.R II i/H an 
 I. R IJ U. 101 
 J"i/R.ri. m; 
 ■Ji i.i.g.B, jiii 
 I lllll.R. ».v.> 
 M <•. » I'. SM 
 
 '«•'.* r. -.w 
 loi/B.ii. :m 
 
 HTl-R. 17.1 
 
 lii <-.r..T. 71 
 
 •J K. * K. WW 
 
 «» 1. T. 7ai 
 
 p:i. H. 1 E. .vii) 
 
 i» |^R. 4ai 
 
 •-•■"■ IJ.B.1>.,*K) 
 
 |l«"l 1 VB JU 
 lil(o« "7 
 'i-l ■« X 
 ^K I T -IIS 
 
 III I Ml 14 
 
 I' I) R l-J 
 
 -' I ■111 I r I ,n JI8 
 
 4 > I I K 4IU 
 
 4 HI R 3h 4 
 
 14 I) R 641 1117 
 
 -> li 32 nj 
 ( .1) N >i R W 
 11 < un ( r en. IM 
 'I I) R HTO 
 1 1 I ) K 11 ,- 
 I'll IT -aa 
 . I'l \ 1 K -un 
 Ijll \ s R 4(W 
 .11 N S R 31 
 r> Q H 1> 123 
 J Can Pp Cus J21 
 3.'C L.J 7»1 
 3 Can. I r I ua jii7 
 .33 C.L.J m 
 . .1 Cox. .UK) 
 . -'8 O.R. in 
 
 Mil. 4111 
 IJ-J 
 
 *1 
 ■Jx 
 
 •Jii 
 
 1(3 
 
 \:u. I. Ill 
 
 i.«. iVI 
 
 .w 
 
 I7T 
 
 x.1. W 
 
 I. 1 1. IM 
 
 'J, iM 
 
 m 
 
 17, la 
 
 271 
 
 m 
 
 ill 
 
 Kl 
 
 lie 
 
 124 
 
 34 
 
 143 
 ll« 
 
 aim 
 
 .14 
 
 2117 
 
 14.1 
 .TJ, H'l, IW. I /I I 
 III 114 
 HI 
 JTH 
 HU 
 
 IIJ 
 
 IJ2 
 
 22 26 <r 
 
 1411 
 
 2 4 » 14 
 
 II IS 21111 
 
 192 240 2>H 
 111 264 
 2.11 
 114 
 211.1 
 42 
 2ll 
 2» 
 
 1111 
 121 
 I2> 
 247 
 112 
 •232 
 21 
 
XZll 
 
 TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Name Of Case. Where Reported. 
 
 ( 17 C.L.T. 407 
 
 R. V. Mcintosh \>28 O.K. 603 
 
 .. Mclntyr. •'[ N-S-R- 422 
 
 -""•^y 'ofe'i^s 
 
 V. McKensie \23 N.S.R «, 19 6i» 
 
 V. McLean ? C»n. Cr. Ca. 3^ 
 
 V. McLeod 1 ^,''"- Lr C«» 1» 
 
 V McLinehv 2 Can. Cr Ca» 416 
 
 ;:J1SJ::::;:::::: j«o.r.j«2 
 
 V. McNamara 20 O.R. 4H» 
 
 V. MoNichol " J^'*r.''"^ ,«A 
 
 -McNutt %"'5:c?kS» '" 
 
 V. McRae ■ \ 28 O.R. .'>69 
 
 „ Mahee " OR. 194 
 
 ^- ""^ 1 3 Can. Cr ( a<. 287 
 
 V. Macdonald '(ISO.R. 3«3 
 
 V. Macgregor 2 Can Cr Ca« 410 
 
 V. Mactalield 2 L T 352 
 
 V. Madden , b^„'*Sp a-i 
 
 v.Mainwann, "^VN-tRsi* 
 
 V. Major . ,33 c L J 162 
 
 V. Manchester (Ju« ) j [iKlw], 1 Q B J571 
 
 V. Mann f •' •' ,"" 
 
 V Marks ' ^"- "' 
 
 v' MaSS 17 T L R 1«4 
 
 ': mS '^W,.'* J" 
 
 V. Martin I-SViw 
 
 V. Mayor of Deal 4.i L T M9 
 
 V. Mayor of Fowell n wr*^ O B 49 
 
 V. Mayor of Ha..ting, [189. 1' Q B 49 
 
 V. Mayor of London 69^L ^^"^^,^ 
 
 -»-> {^ni-'is>"° 
 
 ,. Menary 19 O.R. 23. 691. 696 
 
 ;:^:;Sn:::;::=:..:: ^f^-^^^ 
 
 V. Meyer \\\ p.R 477 
 
 /9 A. & E .M6 
 111 Jur. 434 
 
 V. Middlesex (Jus.) "^2 W.R 4.^9 
 
 12Q.B.I) .'>I6 
 ,. Vil« 24Q.B.1) 423 
 
 V Mi forf 20 O.R. 3m 
 
 .■ Sid 22 L.J.M (• 108 
 
 • M Se 4Q.B.D.B2 
 
 '■ »""«^K« f 4 Cox, 166 
 
 V. Miller \ 18 Cox, 54 
 
 V. Milloy 6 l^K- Ne»». ^ 
 
 Paoe. 
 
 65 
 
 . .77, 79, 89 
 80 
 116 
 28, 31 
 27, 2K 1(10 
 140,285 
 17 
 108 
 115 
 311, S."!; 
 112 
 2,13 
 285 
 140,246 
 !14, 2.W 
 247 
 l.'i9 
 2«2 
 lol 
 88 
 I'M 
 67, 150 
 27, 111 
 1)1 
 158, 159 
 126 
 125 
 73 
 1 
 117 
 49 
 197 
 221 
 5 
 159 
 142 
 61 
 59 
 64 
 63 
 63 
 116 
 2.1, 28, 29, X3 
 130 
 14,3,146 
 233 
 61 
 147 
 146 
 62 
 151 
 tl5 
 263 
 143 
 
TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Name of Case. 
 
 R. V. Mines 
 
 V. Mitchell 
 
 Where Reported. 
 
 Paiu 
 
 
 V. Monaghao 
 
 V. Monmouthshire (Jua ) 
 
 V. Moore 
 
 V. Morffan 
 V. Morley 
 V, Moms 
 V. Morue 
 V. Morton 
 V. Moaely 
 V. Moeier 
 V, Munier 
 V. Monro 
 V. Munlock 
 V. Murphy 
 
 V. Murray 
 
 V. Murton 
 
 V. Mussett 
 V. Nelson 
 V. New Glasgow 
 V. Newknd 
 V. Newton 
 V. Nichol 
 V. Nichols 
 V. Nixon 
 V. Noakes 
 
 V. N.R. Yorkshire (Jus.) .. 
 T. Nunn 
 V. Nurse 
 V. Nutt 
 V. O'Brien 
 
 V, O'Connor 
 
 V. O'Donneli 
 
 V. O'Grady 
 
 V. OUis 
 
 V. Osborne 
 
 V. Osmaii 
 
 V. Owen 
 
 V. Oxford (Bishop) 
 
 V. Pah ma guy 
 
 V. PsAiuin 
 
 V. Parker 
 
 V. Paterson 
 
 V. Payne 
 
 V. Paynter 
 
 V. Peacock 
 
 V. Pearson... . 
 
 V. Peel 
 
 V. Peraberton... 
 
 . I Can. Cr. Gas. 217 '205, '2S3 
 
 ( 17 Cox, S03 lis, 117, 221 
 
 ■ 1 17 C.L.T. 3S2 204 
 
 ( J Can. Cr. Gas. 468 9, 28 
 
 1 14 C.L.J. M 87, 250 
 
 4 B. 4 C. 844 .. 
 
 •263 
 
 I 2 Den. »-22 122, 123 
 
 \(>1 LJ.M.C. 80 226 
 
 14 Cox, 3.17 115, 116 
 
 2 Burr. 1040 26 
 
 1. R. 1 G.C. 90 152 
 
 11 C.L.T. 342 264 
 
 10 C.P. '26 ;.. 2S4 
 
 1 Mood. 97 lia 
 
 4 PR. 64 45 
 
 LR. 2 Q.B. 415 113 
 
 24 U.C.R. 44 2,46 
 
 4 ( an. Cr. Cos. 82 23, 31 
 
 8 C:. & P. 297 179 
 
 I 2K O.R. SiS 147 
 
 \ 1 Can. Cr. Cos. 456 35, 85 
 
 3 F. & P. 492 117 
 
 26 L.T. 429 158 
 
 1 O.R. 500 '221', 22-2 
 
 30N.S.R. 107 1 
 
 2 Leach, 721 '282 
 
 1 F. * F. 641 116, '223 
 
 40 U.C.R. 76 70 
 
 24N.S.R. 151 4, 14 
 
 (Unreported) 95 
 
 5C. 4 P. 3'26 114 
 
 (2B. tC.291 62 
 
 (7 Q.B. 164 70 
 
 10 P.R. 395 9, 50, 112 
 
 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 57 107 
 
 3 Can. Cr. Gas. 184 184 
 
 / 7 St. Tr. N.S. 1 Ill 
 
 IL.B. 201r. 300 203 
 
 4St. Tr. N.a. 935.. Ill 
 
 7 C. 4 P. 138 203, 204 
 
 7 Cox, '247 144 
 
 [1900] 2 Q.B. 168 162 
 
 8C. 4P. 113 226 
 
 15 Cox, 1 115 116 
 
 4 C. 4 P. 236 163, 164 
 
 4 Q.B.D. 653 60, 61. 77 
 
 '20 U.G.R. 195 226 
 
 (QR. 7 Q.B. 310 86, 88, 96 
 
 ■■\2Can. O. Cos. 134 
 
 f30L.J.M.G. 114 122 
 
 ■ \ L.R. 1 C.G. 226 225 
 
 ...26 O.R. 656 237 
 
 6 A. 4 E. 399 61 
 
 .7 A. 4 E. 327 63 
 
 ...12 Cox, 21 224 
 
 ...L.R. 5 Q.B. 237 167, 168 
 
 2 F. 4 P. 21 115 
 
 . L.R. 2 G.C. 119 169 
 
TABLE OK CASES. 
 
 Name or Cash. Whkkk Rehokted. 
 
 , V. Perkins » C. & P 1tl5 
 
 V. Perley 25 N.B R 43 
 
 V. Pescnro 2 B.C.R lU 
 
 ^. Peterborough 44 L.J Q B IB 
 
 V. Peterman.. 23 UX B 31« 
 
 „ . . (1 N.W TR ) 
 
 "■ P""e t20O R 117 
 
 V, Pettelman 9 L.T. «»t 
 
 V. PhilliiB 8 C. k P ■•» 
 
 V. PhiiiiB II W.R 710 
 
 V. Pierce 13 0.R iH< 
 
 V. Pilie 3 C. * 1' ™« 
 
 V. Pikeslev OC. k V 124 
 
 V. Pilkington I3L.JMC 04 
 
 V. Plowman 25 O.R OV) 
 
 V. Plows 26 O.R a- 
 
 V. Plowrijfht 3 Mod. 9^ 
 
 V. Plvmouth 37 W.R 314 
 
 V. Po"irier 19C.LT17H 
 
 V. Pollard 14 L.T i99 
 
 V. Pontyixiol 71 UT 17 
 
 V. Porter 20 N.S R 352 
 
 V. Pountney 7 C. t P 30!J 
 
 V, l>reatoQ 5 Cox 390 
 
 V. Prince LR. 2CC 154 
 
 V. Pruntey 16 Con 144 
 
 V. Quigley 18 L.T ill 
 
 V. Quin 3 C. * K 101 
 
 ( 28 O R 224 
 
 y-Q"!"" l2Can Cr Ovi li 
 
 V. Racine 3 Can. 1 1 ( as 446 
 
 V. Rue 13 Cox 209 
 
 V. Ramsay 16 W.R 191 
 
 V. Rand 35 L.J M C 157 
 
 V. Randolph 32 O.R 212 
 
 V. Riinstord 13 Cox 9 
 
 V. Reniler 1 Str. 'ill 
 
 V, Raney Dears ft B 111 
 
 V. Reason 12 Cox 221 
 
 V. Reeve I..R. 1 t ( 362 
 
 V. Reid 28 A.R ISl 
 
 V. Ueno 4P.R 281 
 
 V. Rice 20 N.S R 437 
 
 (•4F. *t HW) 
 V. Richards -! 20 L I Q B 352 
 
 UQ.B 926 
 
 f 3 F. & 1 693 
 V. Richardson -! 17 O R 729 
 
 I 20 O B il4 
 
 V. Riley 12 P.R US 
 
 V. Roljert Simi»on Co ..28 O.R 231 
 
 V. Roterts 2F. t F 2-2 
 
 V. Robideaux 2 Can (r (a« 19 
 
 V. Robinet 16 P.R 49 
 
 V. Robinson 1 Can Cr (as 28 
 
 „ . (1 Leach 12 1 
 
 *'• I*'"™ \32() R 20 
 
 V. Roddam Cowp 672 
 
 Paok. 
 
 117 
 
 29 205 
 
 221 
 
 W 
 
 2 4 
 
 9 
 
 146 
 
 142 
 
 164 
 
 Jl 46 
 
 175 
 
 117 
 
 212 
 
 86 
 
 1" 
 
 245 
 
 26 
 
 58 
 
 70 
 
 N5 
 
 (15 
 
 2 14 
 
 1J2 
 
 162 
 
 160, 161 162 
 
 222 
 
 220 
 
 226 
 
 264 
 
 I 215 
 
 08 il5 
 
 1 !1 
 
 117 
 
 141 144 1 l.'i 
 
 19, 23 24 283 
 
 III) 
 
 14 
 
 llo lis 
 
 l!6 
 
 1>3 
 
 12 
 
 41 Ui 
 IS 
 
 2-!5 
 62 
 
 42 IS 
 111 
 
 9 
 
 29 30 142 
 
 139 
 
 98, 103 
 
 42 43 
 
 271 
 
 7, 8 
 
 85 
 
 151 
 
 18 2(18 
 
 .39 
 
TAIII.E I IK f-ASES. 
 
 i 
 
 Xame or Cask, 
 „ V. Roe 
 V, Kunii 
 
 IliO It I 
 17 K W 
 
 1.11 
 
 V- Ko|«!r 1 II 41 R. loO 
 
 V. Ro*, -i'OR 111. 
 
 i<!7 1 ly B am 
 
 >■• Roie R 4. R 111 
 
 V. Rjcroft II Cox, 76 
 
 V. Ryland i Russ. M 
 
 V. St. Ckir •.'7A.R. *M Kun (r Ck ill 
 
 Ji, :<4, 3e, 39, 41, 4a, no, i*2 
 
 208 
 
 l.>l 
 IJ1 
 
 J 14 
 
 . St. Denis 8 I'.R. II) 
 
 . St. .lohii -.1 Jur, 41) 
 
 . Satfroii Watdreii 9 y.B. 77 
 
 . Sanilorson |.-, o.R. liin 
 
 . Salop (.Ills.) ■> F.. * E, 38U 
 
 . SansoTBe lu L.J.M.C. 143 
 
 ■ Saiuie 1 B. * P. nil 
 
 . Saunders '- '-"'"'. -*^ 2.37 
 
 U189!>JI IJ.B. 4»0 97, 11(1 
 
 . .Scnite ) ' M- * R"!'- Ml IIU 
 
 V. Scott... 
 
 \ 17 y.B. iiS ..r.'iii; 224 
 
 274 
 21) 
 36 
 113 
 ll.'i 
 226 
 17."i 
 123 
 
 12 CL..!. .323. 
 
 i 10 I'.R. 1117 . 
 
 .-. Schnever 2 Bun-. 765 
 
 '■ Seddona |6 C.R 3»9 
 
 '■ Selleni Car. Sup. ii. 23.3 
 
 '■ g"™ 2 C. t K. r,3 
 
 ■ Severg i,.R. i c.C. 264 
 
 • Sexton .HR.c. t M. 462 
 
 ■• Shammn ||S9S] i y.B. ,-,78 1 62 
 
 '■^]'"P r, I'.R. 13.i , . 174 
 
 ■ Shai-iie lieure. 415 nji, 
 
 ■ s™" 10 Cox, 66 252, 2.13 
 
 ■■ Shepiiard 7 (■. i^ p. ,-,79 |.,.) 
 
 •. Shiel <*« J-I'. lis 64 
 
 „, I M L.T. 590 85 
 
 ■ Shumer 17 y.B.I). 323 220 
 
 ■. Simmonds M Cox, 190 2.1-> 
 
 ■ Simmons 6 C. S P. 541) \-]a 
 
 .Simmon (li2.I.P. 825 "... 117 
 
 „. „ ,". U Mood. C.C. 41 128 
 
 ■ Simpson Co. Ltd -JS O.R. 231 98 
 
 ■ Skipworth 12 Cox, ,371.. 177 
 
 ■ f .lnuglltor 4 c. & P. 544 122 
 
 ■ =»"" 21 C.L.T. 54 162 
 
 • S eeman Den,,, .249 , i23 124 
 
 ■ »'""" 18 A. R. 482 188 
 
 i 
 
xxvi 
 
 TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 117 
 'OH 
 
 Name of Case. Where Reported. Paoe. 
 
 3H.ftN, 227 1»1 
 
 1 Cox, 280 168 
 
 1 Sark N P 242 232 
 
 1 L. A C 607 
 
 L.B. 1 C U 68 
 
 24U.t R 480 
 
 34 U.t R Mi 
 . V. Smith , 46 U.C R 442 2» 
 
 L.R. lOQB 004 M, IBl, 
 
 190.K 714 
 
 16 Cox, 170 
 
 IN Cox, 470 117, 
 
 1 N.H TR 1 
 
 31 N.S R 6«7 
 
 31 O.R 224 
 
 V. Solomons 1 T.R. a\ 
 
 V. Somern 24 O.R. 244 
 
 V. Southampton 1 B. & S A 
 
 V. Soathwick 21 O.R. 674 
 
 V. Spain 18 O.R. 385 
 
 V. Spitaburg 7 C. t P 187 
 
 V. Spooner 32 O.R 4.'il 24, 
 
 V. gproule : 14 O.R. 175 64 141, 145, 
 
 V. StoffbrdshlreCJus.) S N. * M 94 
 
 V. Stannbary 4 T.R. 4o6 
 
 V. Stant<m 5 Cox, 324 
 
 V. SUpylton 8 Cox, 69 
 
 V. Starkey 8 Man. R 588 
 
 . Steele .. 
 
 7 Man R 
 3,',\',2» 
 
 f 12 Cox, 188 118, 
 
 \26 O.R. 640 141, 
 
 V. Stephens L.R. 1 Q.B. 702 
 
 V. Stephenson 31 L..I.M.C. 147 
 
 V. Stevens 31 N.S.R. 125 
 
 V. Stewart [1898] 1 Q.B. 303 
 
 V. Stimpson 4 B. & S. 301 
 
 „, / 1 Bast, 639 
 
 '■ »""' \23 O.R. 46 145, 148, 
 
 V. Strauss 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 103, 108 
 
 V. Strington 1 B. t S. 688 
 
 V. Stubbs 7 Cox. 48 
 
 V. Suddis lEast, 30t> 
 
 V, Si- folk (Jus.) iSQ.B. 416 
 
 V. Surrey (Jnuge) 13Q.B.T) 983 
 
 M4Q.R 684 
 V. Surrey(JuB.) \ IJur N S 1138 
 
 U1892J2g R 
 
 V. 8utoli«Fe 4 Cox. 270 
 
 V. Tamblyn 25 O.R 645 
 
 rSC. 4 P 733 
 7 D. * R t) iZ 
 _ , . 1 3 Cox 84 
 
 "■ Tayl" -^s U.C R 257 
 
 59J.P .393 
 U3Cox 77 
 
 V. The "Troop" 29S.C.R 673 
 
 V. The T. Eaton Co. 29 O.R 591 
 
 V. The B. Simpson Co. 28 O.R. 231 
 
 721 
 
 , 29 250 
 
 209,258 
 
 162 
 
 116 
 
 118, 125 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 25, 112 
 
 250 
 
 17 
 
 67 
 
 29 
 
 M9 
 
 118, 123 
 
 138, 302 
 
 148,261 
 
 252 
 
 140 
 
 151 
 
 264 
 
 489 
 
 I, 28, 184 
 118, 125 
 14U, 144 
 
 249 
 
 221 
 
 5, 20 
 
 69 
 
 166 
 
 252 
 
 247, 253 
 
 112 
 
 161 
 
 113, 114 
 
 42 
 
 144 
 
 177 
 
 64 
 
 144 
 
 77 
 
 119 
 
 38 
 
 122 
 
 38 48 
 
 115 
 
 155 167 
 
 J04 
 
 230 
 
 27,61 
 
 192, 249 
 
TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Name or Cask. VViiekr Rewirtsd. P 
 
 V. Thompw.: [Imi9| >U B li lH), 
 
 •'■'^^ jlc"l^H.7 
 
 V. Tbomuin 1 Mood 27 
 
 V. Thurbnrn 1 Den 187 
 
 V. TiDckler t Eust PC W4 IIH 
 
 V. Tobnd ii O K va i 
 
 V. ToUey 3 pjwr 467 
 
 V, Tolson Jly B 1) 118 
 
 V. Tooke .)_> W , R 7M 
 
 I sn O R iU 1»2 24» J/» 
 V, Toronto Ry. Co '^ f « «l^ ^^ 
 
 I 11 C L J 4 » 
 V. Toronto P 8 Bd 11 O R 4'i7 
 
 ■. Townsend 1{ L T 184 
 
 V. Tranter Font Jtti 
 
 t. Troop 2 ( an < r ( aa 22 
 
 K. Trowler 1 f ast PC 1M 
 
 f. Tmelote ') y B 1) )3() 
 
 r. Turlington 8 Burr 1115 
 
 r 1 I . * P lis 
 "■ Tyler J 8 C. * P BIB 
 
 ( [18911 ig B 988 
 
 ^. Union Colliery Co 3 Can Or (as o23 Jl t L.T 
 
 1211' 37 ( LJ ISD 192, 
 IT. United K E. Tel. Co 2 B & S B47 
 
 ^. Upohurch 1 M(k«1 (^ C 465 
 
 f. Vachon 3 Can ( r Caw VS8 
 
 I. Vahej •> ('.111. < r ta!< 258 
 
 ^. Vamplew 3 F &. F 520 
 
 f. Vandercomlie 2 Leach, 708 
 
 /. VorUt ,1 Camp 432 
 
 , Vmral f IB P R 444, 17 P R 61 
 
 '■ "^"^ 1 18 O R 117 
 
 '• Viau g R 7 Q B 162 
 
 '. Vrooman 3 Man R .Vrt» 182, 183, 205, 
 
 '• Wait [isftij .>Q B 600 
 
 1 Walker / 13 () R 83 
 
 • ""'" i 2 M * R 448 151, 
 
 i 1 Eaftt, P t 127 
 '.Wallace {40.R 127 21 
 
 1 19 N S W B 155 
 ■.Walsh (29NMB V21 
 
 ^ 1 2 O R 206 30, 31, 
 
 ■. Walters 12 Cox, 300 
 
 '. Warringham 2 Den 447 120, 
 
 ■.Warwick 24 L.T 211 
 
 ■. Washington 46 U.( B 221 64, 73, 74, 
 
 ■. VVason 17 A.R 21 2, 
 
 ■.Webb •ft,°;*'",',f 
 
 111 tox, in 
 
 . Wehhin 46 U.( R 396 
 
 . Wellings 3Q.BD 426 
 
 ■ Wells 28 N.8 R '>47 
 
 ■ Weltje 2 Camp 142 
 
 ■. Welton 9 Cox 296 
 
 •West [1898] 1 Q.B. 174... 
 
 124 
 116 
 228 
 126 
 162 
 117 
 288 
 183 
 
 lai 
 
 145 
 256 
 103 
 2S6 
 ^56 
 
 98 
 218 
 117 
 130 
 117 
 249 
 
 42 
 123 
 IM 
 256 
 
 256 
 256 
 
 160 
 114 
 
 13 
 133 
 136 
 217 
 249 
 i'!5 
 253 
 164 
 188 
 112 
 
 26 
 , 26 
 117 
 
 234 
 l'i3 
 114 
 2B1 
 103 
 212 
 106 
 
 9 
 222 
 
 5 
 U7 
 2'il 
 149 
 
XXVlll 
 
 TABLE OF CASES. 
 
 Namk op Cask. 
 R. V. WeMtuate 
 V. W«Htlake 
 V. \Ve(!tl()\e 
 
 V. VV. n \ orkshire ( Jui ) 
 V. Whitbrewl 
 V. White 
 
 V. Whitmarsh 
 V. \Vhittjikt;r 
 V. Whitworth 
 V VViddiip 
 V. Wiifnn 
 V. Wild 
 V. Willace 
 
 V. Williuma 
 
 . Wintoii .. 
 
 . VVirlh 
 
 . Wixoii ... 
 
 , Wood 
 
 . W<jodcock 
 
 . Woods 
 
 . Woodstock E L Co 
 
 . Worcester (Jua ) 
 
 . Wright 
 
 . Wyse 
 
 . Yurmouth (Jus ) 
 
 . Yeomuns .... 
 
 . York 
 
 . Yorkshire, W.R. (Jus.),.. 
 
 , Yorkshire, N.R. (Jus.).. 
 
 . Y'oung 
 
 '. Kickrick... 
 
 WllKKK REPORTKU. 
 
 21 O.R. 0-21 
 
 1\ O.R nil* 
 ■i D. & Ry 414 
 II Q.B 1) 41' 
 J Doug 1 13 
 (4T. k I IM 
 \ 21 C 1" 3.'' 
 62 J.P. -11 
 24 O.R 417 
 I F. * > «2 
 L.R. 3 ( t 1 
 I App. (as »22 
 1 Mood ( L 4.U 
 
 iEu.«t, r( mo 
 
 ,-.17 U.C R ^40 
 
 I 28 O. R 6> 
 ■ 13 Can Cr ( as It 
 
 UIHB3I 1 y B 120 
 
 (iiy.B I> 2» 
 ■■■■\» Cox 4jJ 
 .....'■. T.R. Its 
 ...3 B.C.R 114 
 ...8 L.J.y B IJ» 
 
 f.1 Jur 22j 
 
 J ,1 E. * B 40 
 
 I 3 Cox 4 i1 
 I Leach MH 
 
 I I B C R 38.. 
 
 |2 tan (r Las IW 
 4 (ail Li (us 107 
 1 F i B 477 
 f Buir. 1099 
 ILaii (I Cas 6 
 
 I U B 1> yiS 
 24 T r 149 
 
 IILox 181 
 1 Post. 70 
 
 III Q.B 1) 417 
 ■ ■ 1 2 O. B 'iO.> 
 
 f2B.*l 2')l 
 |7Q.B Ii4 
 
 (.n3LT 728 
 
 5 O.R. 184 < 
 
 12 Man R 4)0 
 
 02 04 
 
 >[ 
 
 liia 
 
 II! 
 
 il« IK 
 
 II 
 
 I 3 lie 
 
 23! 
 
 ^9 
 
 121 
 
 140 
 
 2.>0 231 
 
 128 
 
 07 
 lilt 
 IIM 
 221 
 41 41 
 
 bS 
 
 43 
 193 
 112 
 102 
 l|-> 117 
 
 92 
 
 117 
 
 1 
 
 iVI 
 02 
 42 
 114 
 144 
 83 
 102 
 103 
 02 
 04 
 02 
 ■0 
 01 04 
 
 2.1 2r« 
 
 I") M 
 
 St. James' s: St. Mary's '29 L.J M C -20 
 
 Sams aud Toronto. Re 9 U.C R In' 
 
 Scaite, Re 5B.C.R 133 
 
 Schofield, Ex p [1891] 2 Q B 429 
 
 School Trustees v. Noil 28 Or. 408 
 
 Scott V. Baring 18 Cox C (' l'28 
 
 Scottstown V. Beuuchesne Q.R. 3 Q B .V>4 
 
 Seaman v. Burley [1890] 2 g B :144 
 
 Selwood V. Mount 9 C. & I' 73 
 
 Sim|)Son V. Ready 12 M. 4 W 730 
 
 Sindeii V. Brown 17 A.R 173 
 
 Shepherd V. Eoltond 49 J.r 105 
 
 90 
 
 . '200, '203 
 
 177 
 
 ,32 
 
 130 
 
 1.35 
 
 98, '234 
 
 ,32 
 
 28. 02 
 
 112 
 
 '272, '279 
 
 94 
 
TABLE OK CASES, 
 
 N'amk of Case. 
 Shcrra^ \ IteKutzen 
 Hherwoofl % ( line 
 Mliields \ I'eiili 
 Shurlu \ i reel la 
 8Liii8;le,\ \ Siirri<l{fe 
 Hleet!h > Mtirllmt 
 SmuII V. ^\ uuf^li 
 
 .Smith, Lx [) 
 
 V. Blukelv 
 
 V. Hnmii 
 
 V, ( h()r]e\ 
 
 V. Beilford 
 Soder V. C lav 
 Homeraet % Hart 
 1 Uaili 
 Sonyer, Fx |i 
 
 Houthey V Niutli 
 South[Kirt \ Berkilale 
 Houtherit It Ke 
 Soutliern ( ountieH Bank \ 
 8outh Dublin V lon««( 
 South Norfolk % Warren 
 Southwiik V Hart 
 S[)eer8 v. Speers 
 Spellinan v, Siiellman 
 
 Sproule Re 
 
 Sfiuire v, Wiltton 
 Stacey v. Ohilworth 
 ■Stainwn v. Browning 
 Stamford, Ex p.. 
 Stamfurth v. Richmond 
 Stanho)>e v. Thorsbj 
 
 Sute V, Wall 
 
 Staverton v. Ashburton 
 
 Still V, Walls 
 
 Stoness V. Lake 
 Superior v, Montreal 
 Sweetman v. Guest 
 Symoiids V, Curtz 
 
 Boaler 
 
 Whkkr Rf.I-iiHTKI). 
 
 [IWl'i] I V B »IH 
 170 R TCI 
 
 h s ( R ■>:» 
 
 t \pp ( us IIJJ 
 
 11 M k\\ rm 
 
 J tun I r (us im 
 47 I 1' Jci 
 I 1 H t \ JJ7 
 I -'7 I. I M ( IH6 
 I III I I' 1114 
 I- R Hi tt <M 
 J M Jt » K->| 
 [1M17J 1 il h 01' 
 IJ l.i IIU 
 7 I T N H 3i>4 
 IJ t) B 1> Wl 
 IIWI4I1 i) B .'i7t) 
 J< ail ( r ( as l,il 
 
 12 I' R -in 
 7 ( * I' bM 
 78 I. T IIH 
 Jl R t)7cl 
 
 11 TLR TtW 
 -> I R Ir 118 
 
 12 ( I, T 312 
 '4 O R ')2N 
 
 28 O.R 188 
 
 If I I T 21) 
 
 12 S( R 140 
 
 nt P 284 
 
 17 ( ox M 
 
 12 lur 2tl2 
 
 1" (^ B 1) 2-i!l 
 
 I 1 \\ R -24 
 
 I R 1 C !• 421 
 
 I 40 I, R A 148 1 
 
 1 21 ( L.T 21 ; 
 4 I- 4 B -.20 
 7 hast IK) 
 40 I I R 120 
 
 M an ( r ( nA. 179 
 L R .1 (i B 2(12 
 IOC IX -20 
 
 I6'2 
 
 M 
 
 17» 
 
 IIA 
 
 139 
 
 199 
 
 161 
 
 37 
 
 «3 
 
 191 
 
 119 
 
 183 
 
 69 
 
 136 
 
 3M 
 
 101 
 
 KKI 3M 
 
 183, 233 
 
 183 
 
 179 
 
 S3 
 
 143 
 
 73 
 
 94 
 
 136 
 
 1116 
 
 136 
 
 318 
 
 v. 1» 31 
 
 134 
 
 23.1,216 
 
 94 
 
 70 
 
 183 
 
 200 
 252 
 
 81 88 
 194 
 
 J 
 
 Taurner, Re 
 
 Taylor v. Best .. 
 
 V. l)avey. Re 
 
 V. Forrester 
 
 V. I*hili[)8 
 
 V, Scott... 
 Tessier v, DesnoA » rs 
 Therrien v, Mcliachi en 
 
 Thomas, Ex p 
 
 Thompson, Re 
 
 V. l>et.no\ers 
 Timson, Re 
 
 Ill 4\l c 140 
 4 (. B 487 
 
 I I' R 14() 
 21 4 l> 193 
 f tan I'm 
 to O R 475 
 
 (^ R 12 S C I. 
 4 Rev de lur 87 
 
 II IF 201 
 
 to L T \I ( 19 
 Man (r (.us 68 
 L R Sit 2.,7 
 
 183 
 2 
 
 127 
 
 147 182 
 
 17 TO 
 
 143 
 
 264 
 
 61 
 
 16 
 
 61 147 
 
 47 49 
 
XXX 
 
 TABLE OK CAHEN. 
 
 Namk ur Cahk. 
 Tomkinit v. JotiM 
 Tomlinson v. (loatl«y 
 Toronto l>iv. Ct Juago, Ra 
 Townseiid v. Read 
 Trsinor V. Holcombe 
 Tre|ianiar, Ke.. 
 Tri^rson v. Cobourg 
 Trimble v. Milter 
 Truax v. Dixon 
 Tupper V. Mur^^y 
 
 Turner, Re 
 
 V. P.M (>eneriU 
 Turtle V. Euphemia 
 
 Vaughan, Ex p 
 
 Venubles v. Hardman... 
 Viau V. The Queen 
 
 Wakefield v West 
 Wallace \ Allen 
 Walsh V, Tlie Queen 
 Ward V, \ ance 
 WtMon, Ex i> 
 WatkinP v Major 
 Watson's Case 
 Watt V. I-iRortwood 
 Wedneaburj \ Stephenson 
 Weirv. Smith 
 Weiser v Heintzman 
 
 Welsh, Ex p 
 WemysB \ HoiiLins 
 Westmore v Pa^ne 
 Whiffin \ Bligh 
 White V Feuot 
 
 V. Fox 
 
 V <ialbraith, Ke 
 Wickham ^ Lee 
 Wilcox V Smith 
 WilliamH, Re 
 
 V Quebroda Ry 
 Wilson (Carufj), Re 
 Wilson ' <Jniybiel 
 
 \ . Ra«tall 
 
 A Stewart 
 
 Wiltsie V. Ward 
 
 Woodside v. Wagg 
 
 Worthin(rton v. Jeffries 
 
 Wright V. Court 
 
 WlIKKR RtcrnRTlu. 
 
 Vknw. 
 
 2s g B I) sm 
 
 167 
 
 L R. 1 C V ai 
 
 74,75 
 
 2S U C R 6 
 
 179 
 
 4 UT 447 
 
 *2 
 
 7 U.C R Md 
 
 go, 16« 
 
 I2 8CR. 113 
 
 21, 61 
 
 «0.8 40S 
 
 279 
 
 i« R noo 
 
 04 
 
 17 R 37» 
 
 70 
 
 3H.H, IN 8) 173 
 
 27 
 
 [18B71 1 ch saa 
 
 74 
 
 41 L.I M C 10 
 
 183 
 
 31 R 404 
 
 138 
 
 Q.R. 2 Q.B. 114 
 
 114 
 
 1 E. ft E. 79 
 
 94 
 
 an 8.C.R. 90 
 
 97 
 
 I. R 1 Q.B. 84. 
 
 .144, 146, 184 
 
 LR. 10 U. P. 607 
 
 56, 5« 
 
 16COI, 43« 
 
 94 
 
 3 I- R. 130 
 
 70 
 
 L R. 4 Q.B »73 
 
 63,238 
 
 LR. lOC.P 662 
 
 15^ 1IV2 
 
 » A & E. 731 
 
 4.!, 4.i 
 
 L R. 2 H.L 381 
 
 178 
 
 L T. 731.. 
 
 94 
 
 19 A.R. 433 
 
 133, 134 
 
 1.1 P.R. 238 
 
 100 
 
 f4R«v,deJur 437 
 
 48 
 
 12 Can. Cr. Cm. 33 
 
 236 
 
 LR. 10Q.B..17H 
 
 161, 162, 164 
 
 11S91] 1 g.B 482 
 
 84 
 
 JP 375 
 
 76 
 
 LR. 7 Q.B. 3S3 
 
 22, 157, 150 
 
 49 L.J.M.C 60 
 
 168 
 
 12 PR. 313 
 
 61 
 
 12 Q B. 921 
 
 155 
 
 5\Venii(N.Y ) 231 
 
 136 
 
 21 LJ.M.C 4« 
 
 209 
 
 ri89B]2Ch 751 
 7QB. 116 
 
 127 
 178 
 
 .-. U CR. 227 
 
 28 
 
 4 T R. 753. 
 
 127, 128 
 
 2 B ft S. 913 
 
 161 
 
 9 P R. 216 . 
 
 56 
 
 «1 Me. 207 .. , 
 
 137 
 
 LR. IOC. P. 379 
 
 55 
 
 .4 B. ft C. 596 
 
 204 
 
 Young, Ex p 
 
 Young V. Saylor... 
 
 ...32N.B.R. 181 
 
 f23 0.R. 513 \ 
 
 ■•■'1.20A.R. 645 ; 
 
 .176, 177, 178 
 
ERRATA AND ADDENDA. 
 
 Errora in citations of case have t>eon corrected in the Table of Cases. 
 Pag© 24. On the subject of Amendment of Convictions by the Court, 
 and 
 
 Page 30. On the subject of Justice returning Amended Convictions : 
 add R. V. Flynn. 20 O.R. B38 ; R. v. McCav. '23 O.R. 442 : The Queen v. 
 Whirtin, 4 Can. Cr. Cm. 141. 
 
 Page?). As to whom recognizance on appeal is to he given: The 
 Queen v. Joseph, 4 Can. Cr. Cua. 126 : The Queen v. King. 4 Can Cr 
 Cas. 128. 
 
 Page 71. On the subject of Right to Jury on Appeal ; add The Queen 
 V. Malloy, 4 Can. Cr. Caa. 116, per McDougall, Co. J. 
 
 „ , P*ge **S- On the subject of the Justice as a Witness : see Ex u. 
 Hebert (S.C.N.B.), 4 Can. Cr. Cas. 153. ^ 
 
 Page 364. Insert " Disorderly House " before " Code 198 " ; and add 
 at page 353 on the same subject, R. v. Rice. L.R. 1 C.C.R. 21, and notes in 
 4 Can. Cr. Caa. p. 216. 
 
PRACTICE 
 
 MA(JISTUATKS' 
 
 CRIMINAL CASES. 
 
 t'HAPTKK I. 
 Certiorari, and Motkins ki Q\mh Convictidnh. 
 
 Ciirtioraii iH a writ iiwiied Com « »u|)iTior court to an 
 infeiior tnlmiml [■xtrciwiiK winiiMury jiKlici,,! juri«liction by 
 which »i.ch tribunal i» r..i|uir,..l t., return and trannniit iu. 
 judicial procuedinpt to th.' Nuprrior court, in order that the 
 latter may review the Maine l,y virtue of its preroijative 
 authority. 
 
 If any proceeding by a inoKistrote or .justice is in excesa 
 of his jurisdiction, or is for any reason invalid, the superior 
 courts of criminal Jurisdiction of th.. diHcront provinces will 
 in the exercise of their inherent autliority, cause such pro-' 
 ceediiiijs to be brought up by certiorari for ilispe'ction, and to 
 be either amended or ipiasheil. 
 
 The expression " suiwrior courts of criminal jurisdiction " 
 IS dehiied, and the courts in the ilitfercnt provinces indicated 
 "y »• •» (y). in the Cruninal Code Amendment Act 1900 
 
 .<->rt>orari only lies to inferior tribunals, exercising 
 judicial and not merely ministerial functions: R. v Sh. nnan 
 (18.)8) 1 Q.B. 578; K. v. Manchester (Jus.), (1899) 1 QB 
 571; R. y. ^ew Glasgow. 30 X.S.R. 107; 1 Can. Cr. Caa. 22- 
 R. V totham (1898), 1 y.B. 802; and not to bodies exercis- 
 ing legislative functions, such as a town council passing an 
 Illegal resolution, or one hm-ond its powers: R v New 
 Wasgow, »upm; R. v. Aberdare Canal Co, 14 A. & K NS 
 853. 
 
 The sup. ■■or courts of criminal jurisdiction ir the 
 provinces ai. authorized to make rules 'regulating the prac- 
 
2 CEKTIORAHI. 
 
 tice aiKl procwluri' in criiiiiiial inutluii.. iiwImliiiK oTtioniri, 
 iimiKlaiimi., luiU'ttK corp"". pr"''''"''"". »'"' ™"'" "''"'"' ""'''''' 
 (;,»1,. (MM): t;r. 1'<kIi., m. »:«I »i>"1 3 (y); «■>• K. v. ('••••.■himu, 
 45 N.S.K. 40+; Hi Vict., c. 40 (f.). 
 
 By lh« Criminal CixIb Aiiiimliiiohl Act, IKOO.a Kub-K^lKm 
 (3) iH aJJiti to ». .1:13, veBtiiiK tliat powir, a.', to Ontari.i, iii 
 • Tlic Siiprciuu Ciiiirt of Judicature " fcir Ontario. 
 
 No nil. » hav." Ikcii yt iwwhmI in Dniiirio undBrlli.' iitiov.- 
 nieiiti." d authority; but *»■ i»/"> under luiidinK " Rtoi({mix- 
 anc. Till- ruli-M of court niailc undiir Klatut.-H of tlic pronncial 
 l,-.-mlalurc» do not apply to criminal prococilinKs tor offcncfn 
 iiiminut Dominion SUitut.*; and tl... provincml IcKmlatiircH 
 have, mncc Contt.d»rati<.n. no authority to deal with priKjedur,. 
 in criminal ca«'« under Dominion law»: Re Boucher 4 A. K. 
 at r l»3; R V. McAgley. 14 O.K. nt p 1157; K. v. Hueiiier, 
 1.5 () K 2(i« aiO; K. v. Beule. 1 1 Man. K. 44H; K. v. t rtitherB. 
 1 1 Man. K. 5(17; K. v. 'Poland, 22 O.K. 50.5; K. v. U.viiiKer. 
 22 OK nitO; R. V. Wawm, 17 A.K. 221. The Ontario Judi- 
 catun^ Act and the Consolidated RuleH under it. do not apply 
 to any proccediiiK foranoHence aKaiuHt Dominion laws: K. v 
 McAulay. 14 O.K. «4:i; R. v. Eli, l:t A.H .52ii. Co.. >ule :1 
 (Out); R..H.O. c. 51, s. 11)1; nor aKainst Ontario statutes; 
 R. V. Gushing, 20 A.K. 248. , „ ■ ■ , 
 
 By Coile 754 the practice and piwediire in all criniiiml 
 eases in the High Court of Justice for Ontario, when not 
 otherwise provided for by the tJrimiiml C.«le, is the same 
 as thot which prevailed before the pasHinj; of the Criminal 
 
 As to ,|ua«i-criminal proceediuj;.^ see K. v. Dapas, 12 Man. 
 
 R. 653. . , , , ,■ p 
 
 By 13 Ueo. II., c. 18 (Imp.) s. 5, six clear days notice ol 
 application for certiorari must l>e given to the .justice, or to 
 two of the justices it more than ime sat on the case, lliis 
 section ot tiie Act is in force in Ontario: R. v. Petermnn. i.i 
 II CR 51<i; R- V. Mnnro, 24 U.C.R. 44; R. v. McAllaii. 4.) 
 I'CR. 402; also in British Columbia: Be Plunkett, =' "^t- R- 
 1S4 It is also in force in Manitolm and the Nortli-\ye»t 
 Territories: hut in R. v. Porter, 20 N.S.B. 352, it was hel.l 
 not to Ix! in force in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Section 5 is given in full in 1 Can. Cr (as. .)(>7. 
 This notice should sixwify the obj.'etions to the conviction: 
 see 13 (iea II., c. 1«, «. 5; also, R.S.B.C. c. 42, s. 2^ But it 
 
 would seen, the notice is goo.1 without stating the objections : 
 
 Ue Tavlor v. Davey, 1 PR. 346. 
 
■ KHTIOHAHI. 
 
 i 
 
 fonH or Hix Day.' NoTrrr, to M »<ii«tiiat«. 
 
 « JiihIIpm of th* I'tMcl for 
 
 In lb* Hiffb Cnurt of Jiipitli't. 
 
 Th> KlDf •olml A.H. 
 To CD , Kiqulra, 
 
 PoMm M«(litr>t> ("r ou of Ilia M»l»>|>'. 
 rU« of , ' 
 
 WhoKU you did no the d»y of \ II ID at t|,o 
 
 >L d.; if "" ''°"Ti,"'t,. ■ r"''" '*■"• '"''"'■• "" ■'^ on 
 
 111" da; of . A.f). ID ,»liif of III tho Mid 
 
 And wlit>n»ai the nulil ronvlftion in invuHil in tbat It .l.^». i.ni -i...- 
 
 itiol;Vf"l'l.„"'r'' °,?rr .""• '-•™n.u,.d"';'i.Li„'».'. '.'.' Zr Tj;' ," 
 
 dli'tlon of you, llio aald (Ml., aa kiii'Ii I'olji... MuoUlrata (or l,i.>l..> „. 
 of 1 1, ponallr aiitliorl.,,! by la, f„, t|„ .aid „»«,«,; („r '. «,,,»««. 
 
 Wherefort tlie .aid AH., b.l„« ,^„|ved to .....k a roniedy for lb. 
 injU'y Ic b.i '•"•ived and .o.taln.d by r,,».„„ of tbe .aid ,!„ovlr Ion 1 
 do h.r.by on b«ha f of th, .\,l,. «;,> yo„ „„il,.o tbal ,°. olio" ill 
 
 !:i;.,:?tro;t;i^ri!^^:i;i,;^,'t;Lr,i;-'^-r';z: 
 
 II. .b. forenoon or .„ .o„„ tberoa-ft/r .. „., tio-J.j ' J , J ,'- °,^ ^^ 
 ord.r for a writ of c.rtlorarl to i.m,.. out of th- MiKh Co, rl of lu.tl™ 
 to 1„ dirocd 'o you and to th- Clerk of ,bo ivl fo"' b. Coun" 
 
 ^rpo.. o; i ;;:: r-::;:;; zi;a-;;;i;;'j,;i;r.- ;-: -i^j-; -j 
 
 the groundi berelnliefore .tated. ui"onnri(eu upon 
 
 Ilated at this day of , a. II. ID 
 
 K. F. 
 "' N'i>. Rtroet, 
 
 in the County of 
 "olloltor for the aald A.b! 
 
 A imtic.. timt tlio writ i» to lit. ,lir,.<.t„l Ui the \mlm. 
 alon,. aft.r he l,a» w„t the ,mic<.e.lii,j.r» to »,i„,e other officer 
 i» not s.iHici.nt: R. v. .Starkey. li Man. R. .588; 7 Man R 4.3 
 
 nu. notlc,. liiust be «.rv«l on the .(„»tice or Ma>;istrate to 
 
 :l^ri'r;lnt:'n!a'^;;;:'r ■"•'"" ""-'■"pi-tion for 
 
 The t.otice »houl,i h1»„ Ix; served on the imisecutor if 
 C08ti,areto be aslied ,.gtti.i«t him; „nd s.ioh service may Ih> 
 made on Ins solicitor : .si.e R. v. Ferguson, 2(i N.,S.R. 1,54 
 
 Form or Akkiijavit oi- Service. 
 
 In the HlRb Court of Justice 
 The King v. A.B. 
 I- of the of 
 
 "mpalioH), make oath and say: 
 I . That I did on the day of 
 
 , in the County of 
 
 i/lll in 
 
 O.II 
 
 mat I did on the day of All lo «^. i. 
 
 the Police M.,i,tr.,. (^,°'ju..ice of-'-th. 'p'.acir'.^Z'd'^ir,';: 
 
4 CERTIORARI. 
 
 notice now shewn to me marked Kxhibit A, with n true oopy of the said 
 "otiee bv Jelivering to w.d le.vinK with him, the said CD personally, 
 at the of in the County of , "u the said day a true 
 
 oopv of the said notice. . , , n , 
 
 ■' That I was present at the trial and onviction of the said A.B. toi 
 the'oirenco mentioned in the .aid notice, and I personally know the 
 nersonm served by me as aforesaid to be the said C.U Police Magis- 
 frate 0." Justice) by whom the said conviction was made (or ,,., Il„- m« 
 
 Hworu, etc. 
 Tlic service of the notice is the first ste]i to bo taken; anil 
 it is nnnccessiirv tliut tlie athdavits to be used on tlie appli- 
 cation shonld lie sworn or tiled before Kivmg it : K. v. W arkey, 
 ti JIan K 5«8. The notice must be given althoufih the con- 
 viction has been affirmed on appeal to the Sessions, and the 
 iustices of the Sessions nuist also be served in that case: K. 
 v Kills 2.') n.C.R. :!24; K. v. Petennan, 23U.C.K. .iUi ; see K. 
 V JIcAiin 4 B C K. .")87. The notice is a condition precedent to 
 the application, and the court has ■><> .it'™<l'<'<i'»' t° S™"' 
 certiorari unless it has teen given : R. v. JL^Allan, 4.> \ .t .K. 
 40" and it was held tliat service on the justice ot a rule nisi 
 for'certiorari returnable six clear days or more after service 
 was not a >'0od substitute for the notice : Ke Plunkett, A 
 BC R 4S4 ; 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 3ti.5 : R. v. .McAUan, »n,mi. 
 
 \ notice "iven of a jirevious unsuccessrul application does 
 not enure to "the bencHt of the defendant on a second appli- 
 cation, but a fresh notice must be jfiven : //». 
 
 Application for Certlorarl.-By 13 Geo. II., c. 18, s. 5, 
 the certiorari must be applied for withm six calendi.r months 
 after the conviction: see also R.S.B.C. c. 4.3, s. 1. 
 
 Great delay has been held, in New Bninswick and Nova 
 Scotia (where the Imperial Statute is not "' t'"f™>' ^ «' '' 
 around for refusal of the application : Ex p. kyle, .!2 N.B.R 
 212; unle.s.s the delay is accounted for: bx p. Long, il 
 N.B.R. 40.5 ; see also R. v. Nichols, 24 N.S.R. 151. 
 
 AHldavlts for CertloraH.-The application must be 
 supported by affidavits shewing the grounds of it: see 
 
 1 Can. Cr. Ca.s. 1 .'>6. , , . , r. c t 
 
 The affidavits must lie entitled in the Cour. : E.x parte 
 Nohro 1 B & C. 2(i7 ; and need not be otherwise entitled ; but 
 arc unobiectionable if headed " In the matter," etc. 
 
 A copy of the proceedings must be produced and verified 
 bv affidavit : or the affidavit must .shew positively that a copy 
 <!Ould not be obtained, and must disclose what the proceedings 
 
'.■EKTi.,l:/,::, 5 
 
 wure; otherwiw i nplii„(i „, ,vfll !„ refuswl : jix parte 
 
 KiiuTwm (X.B.), 1 <;n. ' ■>■ . Sis. ir,(i, awl iii.t™ tlicvto: 3S 
 .N.B.K. 425; sou R. v. WVIIk, I'f, X.s.R. .-,47. Tl.e atfiilavitu 
 for curtlorail or liak'as corpus cuiiiiot lie swoni U^Un■,^ the 
 pnisecutor or hi.s solicitor: K. v. llarsii, ■>-, X.RK. ;t7l). 
 Tlie statutory reciuirenieiits must hv strictlv coni],liivl witli, 
 and wln'ru a Iwai statute re,|uirecl tlait on tl'ie application foi- 
 certiorari to remove a conxielion uniler a provincial law an 
 affidavit of the defendant sh„„id lie tiled, the want of Mieh 
 athdavit was held fatal to the apiilieation, when the matter 
 was witinn the ju.stice's .jurisdieti.in : R v. Stevens, :tl 
 .\..S.R. lir,; R. V. Bi^rchnv, SI .\.S,R. 4*i and cases cited. 
 
 Arnn.iviTs run Certiokaki. 
 
 Veri/iiing i>rnncilht<fn. 
 
 In the High Court of .tustice. 
 Tlie King v. A. 11. 
 I , of the of 
 
 nYnpnlion], niftkt oatli and say; 
 1. Thnl the hereto annexed several i 
 ' exhibits A., h. and C, to tlii 
 
 in tlie County of 
 
 i paper writings, niarited respec- 
 
 , ,, . . , ■ , . - aiy alliitavit. were copied hv me 
 
 ha°[ds o? ''"^ A°l.l'"^'l,f!^.\':'"'.\ I>;"i;»'t to be copies now i 
 
 the 
 
 ., >. f'"1"ifi'. Police MaRislrate (or .Instioe o( tlie Peace etc 
 or now on tile in the office of the Clerk of the Peace for the County of 
 
 ,„i,l orl„-„".i '".'■ """<"""J P"Pe' writings are trne copies of the 
 
 Saul originals respectively. 
 
 1 "; '''5°5 ■!""'« examined the warrant of commitment now in the 
 hands of the Keeper of the common Raol for the county of 
 01- II.. Ike case ill,,;, l,e), upon which tlie said A.I), is now held in cuatodv 
 in the said gaol (or u.» Ihe cam maij be). custody 
 
 thli'mJllffiW,''"'"". ""'■"* '""■"'"' "'"""""l. ""Asd exhibit D., to 
 
 upon which the said A.B. therein named is held for trial lor is com- 
 mitted under the said conviction). 
 
 4. 1 have carefully compared the said copy of the saii warrant of 
 thT^a .Tk"' """*"1 ",- "'"' ""' »»''• »"«■»»! thereof „ l.Tli nS, °l 
 war4°,;?„'?cSirenf """ °°'' " " '""' """^ " «» '»" °"^'"»' 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 If copies of the proceedings before the justice cam •,• h » 
 procured, it should be stated in clear and positive „ern.8 
 what efforts have been made to procure them and the reason 
 why they cannot be obtained, setting out what the proceed- 
 ings were as fully as possible. 
 
^ CEKTIOKARI. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT BY DEFENDANT. 
 
 Uame lieading as above. 
 I, A.B., of. etc. 
 
 1 I am the above named defendant, A.B. 
 
 ■> IKI„lc Ihe fails «liim«g«<l,<, the mnHclUm or mm,mlment«mUrar„mt 
 are'imil awl farming the ,jra,Ml, for the appticatwn to ,»»»»). 
 
 Appllcatlon-To Whom Made.-Tl.e application for ctr- 
 tioran i» ...mle in Ontario, to a judge of the Higl. Court m 
 Clian.bers ; in Manitoba it must be made to tlie full Court 
 and by Kule Nisi : 11. v, Beale, 11 Man. R. 448. 
 
 UitDEB FOR Certiorari. 
 
 Tuesday, the 
 day of 
 
 , A.D. 19 
 
 In the High Court of Justice. 
 The Honourable The Chief Justice 
 or The Honourable Mr. Justice 
 
 In Chambers. ' 
 
 The King against A.B. ,. ,, . . . 
 
 1 Upon the api»r.ention of lie said A.B, upon reading the aix days 
 T.ntin(» served herein, and the alli.iavit of service thereof, upon 
 notice served h^erem.^a^^^ Police MaRistrate (or Justice of the Peace) 
 
 therein named and upon reading the affidavit of v ?' i» „f 
 
 S:T"h!Su1i.e°etn deferred to*! a>,d the other P«f;« «"^,°» j^^^^^f ^°^ 
 the said A.B. upon this motion, and upon hearinB »hat «aB allegea uy 
 the so icitor („r counsel! for the said A.B. and for tlie prosecutor K t ., 
 and alio for the oonvieting ar committinB M.Ri.trate („» the casejayhc) 
 
 2. It is ordered that a writ of certiorari do issue out of th.» L»„rt 
 directed to C.I)., Esq., Police Magistrate (,..■ one of "'| "a est, s 
 Justices) for the County of , and also to • /■,S ™e) Z 
 
 So^:Vn''d%l™!n;oti ^rralland .ingn,aiThl^;7o™^^^^^^^^^^ 
 CMS deDosiMons, evidence, minute of adjudication, conviction and all 
 
 SS™si;.^f^&'55.^^e=S^^ 
 
 unon the information of , for that the said A.B at the 
 
 of , ill the County of , on the of 
 
 19 . did unlawfully (here set out the charge) . 
 
 Clerk in Chambers. 
 
 Recognlzanoe.-By Code s. 892 the Court is authorized 
 to make a rule requiring the defendant to enter into a recog- 
 nizance or to deposit money as security, as a condition 
 precedent to a motion to quash a conviction or any proceed- 
 ing brought up on certiorari. No such rule has been made 
 in Ontario since the Criminal Code was ptssed, b"' ™der the 
 Dominion Statute, 49 Vict., c. 49 (now E.S.C. c. 178, s. 90), 
 which on the passing of the Criminal Code was re-enacted 
 as s. 892, the High Court passed a general order on 17m 
 November, 1886, aa follows;— 
 
 I 
 
CEHTIOH.IRI. 
 
 i- 
 
 " Xo motion Hhall Ijc entertiiiiied bj- this Court or by any 
 Division of tlie name, or by nny Juilge of a Division sittinj; 
 for the Court, or in ClmmberH. to c|ua8li a conviction, order or 
 other proccedinf;, wliich has lieen njade by or before a Justice 
 of the Peace (as defined by tlie said Act), and brouglit before 
 tlie Court by a certiorari, unK^ss tlie defendant is slievvn to 
 liave entereil into a recognizance nitli one or more sureties in 
 tlie sum of *IOO before a Justice or Justices of the County 
 or place within which such conviction or order has been made, 
 or before a Judge of the County Court of the .said County, or 
 before the Judge of a Superior Court, and which recognizance 
 with an affidavit of the due execution thereof shall he filed 
 with the Registrar of the Court in which such motion is made, 
 or is pending, or unless the difendant is shewn to have made 
 u deposit of the like sum ol !<1()0 with the Registrar of the 
 Court in which such motion is made, with or upon the 
 condition that he will pro.seeutc such certiorari at his own 
 cost and charges, and without any wilful or affected delay, 
 and that he will pay the person in whose favour the 
 conviction, orrler or other proceeding is affirmed, his full costs 
 and charges to be taxed according to the course of the Court, 
 in case the conviction, order or proceeding is affirmed." 
 
 This rule remains in force under the Crinnnal Code 
 without being re-pa.ssed: R.S.C. c. l,s. 7 (50); R. v. Robinet, 
 Hi P.R. 49: and a .similar rule wa." adopted by the Supreme 
 Court of British Columbia, -JTth April, 1889: see R. v. 
 Ah Gin, 2 B.C.R. 207: and .so in Xova Scotia: see Mclsaac 
 V. JlcXeil, 28 X.S.R. 442. And there is a similar rule in the 
 X.W.T., dated 8th June, 1889. but reciuiring a recoi-nizance 
 in ».300, or 8200 deposit. 
 
 Form of Kf.coonizance. 
 Id the High Court of .Tugtlce. 
 The Kingv. A.B. 
 
 Be it remembered that on the day ot , A D 19 
 
 1°*' ... >'«»' ""he reign of our Sovereign' Lord, Edward' Vli of the 
 I nited kingdom ot Ureat Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the 
 f aith, peraonally came before me, E.F. , one of Hi« Majesty's Justices ot 
 ace m andfor the County of (or Police .Magistrate in and 
 
 , in said County of ), A.B. (rfe/ciirfo»(). 
 
 , in the County of ,(ocr«;w7fioB), G.H., of 
 
 n the County of , (occtipalioti) , and K.L 
 
 acknowledged tj.en,«elve« To ^o'Je STuf S^verei^n't^rSftl^e .''J'^ 
 
 ^LV ^ 'r'"' """"^y "' ' ^"'^^'^ *<* ^^ '«^'«<* "P"" their goods, chatteir 
 lands and tenements to His Majesty's use, upon eondition that if tL; 
 
 the 
 
 tor thf of 
 
 of the of 
 
 the of 
 
 of the of 
 
g CERTIORARI. 
 
 aforesoid A.B. {,lefi,„la«l) ihall ppo>ecut« with elTe.'t without ni,)»-iltul 
 or affected delay at hi. own proper eo.t« and charses. a wr.t ot certiotapi 
 i„„ed out of the Hi|{h Court of Jusli.: for O.itun,. to remove into the 
 iai.. eourt all and aiuRular the record, of eonviotion and of whr soever 
 treepasses and contempt- against the toriu of the eta ute known n» the 
 Criminal Code ot Cauuda, ». (or h„erl «■/,«(«•"■ 1 .r Kalulc ma,j '"■. «»'^; 
 which the ,lef,«,t,ml ira» ro„r,>tol), «"d particularly the offence whereof 
 the said A.B. was convicted before CD.. Enquire, Police Magistrate (o. 
 one of Hi» Majesty'. .luslices of the Peace) in and for the 01 
 
 a. afore«iid (»»l uul Ihe eh,mic). and .hall pay a. and when 
 the same may be ordered bv the Court to the person or person, in whose 
 favour the .aid conviction may be aftirmed, all his or their full co.ts and 
 charges to be ta%ed according to the course of the said ( ourt in case the 
 said conviction is aftirmed. 
 
 Then this recognizance to be void; otherwise to remain in full force 
 and virtue. , „ . .v 
 
 Taken and acknowledged the day and year ] A.B- J'™)- 
 ffrst above mentioned at the' '';■[■ ":„1' 
 
 of aforesaid, before me, 1 '•■"• i.eai;. 
 
 K.S. (seal).) 
 
 A .lustice of the Peace in and for the 
 County of 
 Witne.s to the execution by the 
 parties and .lustice above named. 
 
 This recoRniV!;,'nce may be taken before a .lustice ».' •''O P"", »! 
 Magistrate, or before a Judge tor the County or place "itl'i" "!■ f,'' «''/ 
 conviction ha. been made, pursuant to the rule above ment.n..cd, or 
 before a .ludge of the Superior Court. 
 
 One surety is sufficient it he can .lualify in the amount mentioned. 
 
 TluH recognizance may now 1» enforoeil in the manner 
 prescribi'd by Code 893. 
 
 In unaloi'y to the general [.racticc in the High Court, tlie 
 sureties must, in Ontaiio ease.s, justify i.i S<100 over aiid 
 above what thoy are otlierwixc aurctie.s for (nojrativinj; the 
 fact that tliev are sureties in any other matter, if mch IxttUe 
 eme or .i« Ihe ("se miy he), and also over and above their 
 other liabilities: R. v. Kobinet, l(i P.R. 4il; but see R. v 
 Asherott (N.W.T.), 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 38.5, in which it was held 
 that in the N.W.T. it is not nocessniy to negative the sureties 
 being security in any other matter. 
 
 The security or deposit must be given before the motion 
 to iiuash tlie conviction is made, and cannot be put in pend- 
 ing such motion; but it is not re,|,Mred before certnran :s 
 acDlicd for It may be delivered to the justice and iiled 
 S his return to certiorari: R v. Clutt', 46 U.C.R. 56.5, ni 
 which case the practice and procedure are fully stated: .sec, 
 also, R. v. Robinet, 1(> P.R. 49; R. v. Ashcroft, 2 Can.Cr. Cas. 
 
 The recognizance or deposit is only required in the case 
 
^1 
 
 ■'I 
 
 <> 
 
 M 
 
 of a motion to ihuinIi a conviction or prwec-iinf; " brou^jtit 
 before tlie court by certiorari:" Code H'M: so tiiat, if tlie 
 conviction or proceeclin}; is iilreiidy liefore the court, if 
 rtj^iliirly broU!;'it tliere (but not otherwise): R. v, McAllnn, 
 45 r.C'.R. M'2: us, for instance, on a former motion for 
 habeas corpu--, no certiorari is neces,sary in aid of the motion 
 to c|uasli tlie conviction. And in sucli case no recognizance 
 or deiiosit is re(|uilwl: R. w Weldan, 4.5 V.C.K 3!to. K. v. 
 l«:vecc|ue. :!() IT.C.R. .50!), .listinjjuislied; R. v. Xumi, 1(» I'.R. 
 ;i'.)'y. R, V. Aslicroft, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. SN.'i; and in the Xortli-West 
 Territories when tlie conviction has lieen tiled, under Code HO i 
 or HHS, in the Supreme Court, a motion to ipiash it may 
 be made without certiorari, and so the notice under 13 (ieo, 
 II.. and the recognizance, are not reipiisite: Re Jloiiafjlian 
 ( N.W.T. ), 2 Can. Cr. Cas. UK 
 
 An atHdavii of justiHcation by the surety or sureties is 
 necessary: R. v. Richardson. 17 O.R. 'i 2!) : R. v. Petrie. 
 X.W.T.K. vol. 1, p*. 2, p. 3. The rule nisi to .luash the con- 
 viction was quashed in these cases for want of a suHieient 
 reeo^rnizance or deposit ; but fresh security havin<; been put 
 in pendiiii; the proceeding's, leave was jriven to issue another 
 rule nisi. In R. v. Abercjele, .'> A. Is E. 795, an adjournment 
 was made to perfect the secilritv : see also R. v. lIcAllan 45 
 II.C.R. 402. 
 
 In the following case, however, it was held that the 
 reciuirements of the rule as to Hlini; affidavits of justification 
 are imperative, and where they arc not complied with the 
 judge is bound to give effect to the objection and dismiss the 
 application : and tliat leave to file the affidavit pending the 
 motion to c|uusli cannot Vk' grmited: Mclsaae v. McNeil 2H 
 N.S.R. 424. 
 
 Form op Affiimvit of Justification by Scrett. 
 In the High Court of .Justice. 
 The King v. A.B. 
 I, E. F., of the of iu the County of 
 
 (o«'ii/Ki/(«w) make oath ar;l say : 
 
 1. That I am the suroty (r.r one of the sureties, as the case may be) 
 proposed and named for the i.bove named A.B. =»• the recopnizance in 
 this matte, hereunto annexed. 
 
 2. That 1 am a freeholder (oj- 'lonseholder) residing at No. St. 
 
 in of in the Kaid County of 
 
 J. That I am worth prop.'.-tv to the amount of one n.;ndred dollars 
 /ver and above what - ill pay all my debts and liabilities r.nd every other 
 sum .or whieh I am now liable, or for which 1 am bail, or surety in 
 any other matter. 
 
 I 
 
10 
 
 CEBTIOKABl. 
 
 4 TliBt I am not bail op surety tor any pepaon except In this matter 
 and except (.Ia(i»s in ichal matter iml for liuir murli 1/ ant/). 
 
 5 Tliat my said property to tlie amount ot Hie said sum ot »10« 
 con St. ot household turnitupe {or '•'?. stock, .mplement. money 
 Sencited in banlt or banli stock or land (, r»<T.I»..fir .(, »r trh«teur ,1 
 
 ' . . -, ._ Ai_. ...,i f „).n..t dollars. 
 
 E. V. 
 
 ) 
 
 eoiinistK of] , to the value of about 
 Sworn before me at tho 
 
 of in the 
 
 Coui.ly of on the 
 
 day of A.D. 10 
 
 Signed: O. P., 
 
 A Coroniissioner. etc, 
 
 ir there are two sureties, a »econ<l nffidavit similar to the 
 foregoilii! will lie made, and in that case each may justify in 
 S.'jo'sii as to make up the »100 required. 
 
 It has not l>een decided whether there must be a do.serip- 
 tion or statement of the property on which the surety quali- 
 fies hut it is submitted that it is not required : see llrtrt s 
 Prac "*■' aOT ; Short and Melton, fiB2. The Crown may 
 question the sufficiency ot the sureties by affidavits m 
 answer, though there is no rijfht to cross-examine the surety 
 on this point. 
 
 Form of Affidavit of Kxei-ution. 
 
 In the Iliffh Court of Justice. 
 
 The King v. A.B. , „ . , 
 
 I, M. N., of the ot in the County of 
 
 (o«Tri()fl/ioM) make oath and say: 
 
 1. That I wa. personally present and did see the '■"«°"">„''°"»"? 
 
 tte said CoSnty of'"" ' ' before whom the same was taken and 
 acknowledged. , 
 
 " That tho said recognizance was 50 executed, taken and acknow- 
 ledged at the ot in the said County of 
 
 3. That I know the said parties and the said Justice. 
 
 4. That I am a subscribing witness. 
 
 Sworn before me at the ] 
 
 ot in the County [ 
 
 of ,_ this day ot ) 
 
 M. N. 
 
 A.D. 19 
 
 T. U., 
 
 A Commissioner, etc. 
 
 The Rule ot Court, (see tlttU page 7) requires an 
 affidavit ot the execution" of the recognizance, and the Court 
 will not entertain an application to quash a conviction 
 without such affidavit : R. v. Ah Gin, 2 B.C.R. 207. 
 
< EllTKIIlAlll. 
 
 u 
 
 Writ of Certiorari. — If tin- I'Dnvietion huH \)*ivn retunit'<l 
 to the ck-rk of the ])cai-c, iiiiili-v IVxIc HOI ur HUH. tliu writ 
 of ciMtiorari iietil only In. cliniai.i| to tlii' Inttur : it in 
 properly arldrrased to tlii> nttic.r liaviiij; the cimtoily of tlie 
 papers : R. v. Frawley. ir, V.V.R. at ],. 2.'il: and where there 
 lias Ix-eii an up|>t'ul to the Cinuity Judge. an<l the papers are 
 in his hanils, it seems tliat the wiit should \iv directed to liilii 
 also: K. \ McAmi 4 B.C.li. r,H7. 
 
 The writ is issued oi>jir:iriji,' hy the Registrar of the High 
 Court on profluction of the order therefor. 
 
 The ipiestion of tlie validity of the eonvietion or conilnit- 
 niunt is sometimes argued on the application for certiorari, 
 and if the proceedings are held to !«■ valid certiorari will be 
 refu8€'d. This was done in R. \ . Cuneity. 2 Can. Cr. Cas. S'i.i. 
 
 FUHM OK Kf.TIRN- to A WllIT HC I'EllTloR.lKr. 
 
 Fliidorse ou tlie hack of the writ tih fuUowH: "The answer of CM., 
 the .liiMtice of the Peace withiu mentioned. 
 
 The execution of this writ appears in the Schednle hereunto annexed. 
 
 ■lustice of the Peace. 
 
 1, C.I)., one of the Justices of the Pence of our Sovereign Lord, the 
 King, assigned to Iteep the pence vithin the said (Jounty of , and 
 
 to hear and determine divers offences committed in the said county, by 
 virtue of this writ of certiorari to me delivered, do iiereby certify unto 
 His Majesty in Ilis High f'ourt of .lustice for the Province of Ontario, 
 the record of conviction with the informiition, summons {or warrant to 
 apprehend) and the depositions and evidence and minute of adjudication 
 and ali proceedings fallen before me, of which mention is made in the 
 said writ. 
 
 In witness whereof I the said CD. have to these presents set mv seal. 
 A u"]T "' "" °' "'" '*">■ °' 
 
 J. P. [Seal]. 
 The conviction and other papers are to be aiine.\ed, with 
 the above scliedule, to the writ of certiorari and returned 
 along witli it and the recognizance above mentioned, to the 
 Registrar of the High Court of Jusuce, Osgoode Hall, 
 Toronto. 
 
 If the conviction has been returned by the justice to the 
 Clerk of the Peace, the alwve return will lie made bv the 
 latter. 
 
 Upon Ijcing served with the writ of certiorari the justice 
 of the peace or magistrate must make a return to the writ, 
 even if the papers have been tiled with the clerk of the 
 
JJ c KIlllliB.Mll. 
 
 peace, ii. wl.icl. co»f tlie lullnwinK fo'>., of .vturn nmy be 
 
 used : — 
 
 The answer of 
 within inentioneil. 
 
 Tile execution of thi 
 
 , the Justice of the Peace (or Police Magistnte 
 I writ appears hi the 
 
 Winnlnr,E. 
 
 ■hedule hereunto annexed. 
 Justice of the Peiiee 
 (or Police MaKistrate). 
 
 I , Justice of the Pia.^e (..r Polic- MiiBistrate) . to ( ur 
 
 s'overeiBn The Kiuf. Jo certify that I.efore the comiiiB of the writ of Our 
 said I onl the Kinc, to me din^cted and to this schedule annexed, to w. 
 T.,\, diivof ,,\.l). Ill . an lutornialion was laid oi 
 
 oi thhv ak-ainst A.B. clmrKln,. hini with l,MI,lh,: rl,or,/r), and 
 
 Ui7.Jd charge was'laid before nie a. such .lu.tlce (.";; J"" '-^ ,»P;, ;\'-, ,; 
 and Iho matter of tlio complaint was en.|iiired into l.y me. iiiid Ilio 
 depositions of witnesses were taken. 
 
 The t-rown was repre.etited by . , K'Vyr d'ounty Crown 
 
 Attorney, or o.. Ilir ra»<- man lie), and the prisoner by his counsel. 
 . Ksquire (or aa the rifsr itifi'i be). 
 At the close of the examination, and upon liearinB '•''"°"- '?'''• 
 (•rown and counsel for the prisoner or „. ,h,- ™..r ""'/' '■', • ' f '''„,''j^> 
 convict tlie said A.B. and prepare and sign a record of '•?";'«''™ "' "''^ 
 said \ B (or I did bv warrant in due form of law) conmill the »»ui A.B 
 "the -common gaol it the Oounty of , ^^'"'^'''f.^l^l '^^^ £" 
 
 should be thence delivered liv due course ol law (or o.i "if "" ""•» •"< 
 Z «i I " I ;.roccr,(i,,„» (olci'i ) . The said warrant wa, sent to ■» gaole 
 wTt the said prisoner (-/ ...W, he ll,e .^1). ''"« 'I'' '"'"V""''"" V.'V.y 
 deposition, were afterwards and before the receipt of the ?»"1 »"' ''^ 
 mo Vent and delivered to the Clerk of the Peace of the said ( oiinty of 
 me sent '"d .ten e ^_^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^ ^^ „,^ ^^^^. f j^ j 
 
 writ by me 1 had ^ot. nor have I now. any of the said information, 
 JeposWoiis, evidence, commitment or proceediiig. .foresaid remaining 
 in my custody, control or keeping whatsoever. 
 
 19 
 
 And this is my return to the said writ this 
 
 day of 
 
 , A.U. 
 
 [Seal] 
 Justice of the Peace 
 \or Police Magistrate) . 
 
 Motion to quash.-The motion to quash a coi.victioi. or 
 coimnitmei.t biou<;lit up under certiorari must be made to the 
 full court: R. v. McAulay. U O.K. P- 0.5(i ; K. y. Beeiner 15 
 OR 266- R. V. Beale, 11 Man. R. WS; R. v. hmith, N.W.l.K. 
 vol 1 pt 2. p. 1. Tlie motion for Rule Nisi should be set 
 dowii'with the registrar of the Hiyh Court the day before 
 the application is to be made, and the following motion paper 
 is to be filed ; 
 
 Motion Paper on Application for Kule Nisi 
 In the Hi;5h Court of Justice. 
 Before the Court 1 Monday the 
 
 day of 
 A.D. 19 . 
 
 The King against A.B. 
 
 Motion on behalf of the above named A.B. upon reading the writ of 
 
 ■-3 
 
 J 
 
l:) 
 
 certlornri ([ranted liereiti on Die 
 and tliH )>H|>^ri4 flleil i?- Clinitil rs im tht- 
 to tlio Biild writ anil l.m )>ii)ifrH tlicri'to 
 itlflD flitd for an oriltr * Jlii y ii[><iii r.li 
 (or I'olii-e MBKmtntte), tor the 
 inJrrmiiHt), ii|Hin notice to them of hii 
 rtiHpectively, to r'hew vaiiH» why thf coiiv 
 inforuiutiiiii of thu Kiiid K.F. for tliat lit 
 4'viiri^-lioii), xhould liot be (jimBhed with < 
 other prouuds: {Slate Ihr ytoHinh.} 
 
 day of A.I). 10 
 
 ii)i[>lic-ation therefor, the return 
 uttiic'hed, niid the rcco(;iil/iinoe 
 .. Krtiiiilre, .riiutifi' of tlie IVftoe 
 of niid K.F. {thf 
 
 ■h onler to he (.'iveii to them 
 ii'tioti of the NJiid A.U., upon tite 
 did {"'■/ ..III Ihv eimriif lis iii the 
 <'ostH Upon the fuI]owiii>;, amuiif; 
 
 t>f CouiiHel for the Hiiid A.B. 
 
 Kl'lf. Xiwi TO {^r 
 
 III the Ilich Court of Justlee. 
 
 The Honourable Chief \ 
 JuHtiee I 
 
 The Hohoiirable Mr. 
 JuHtice 
 
 The Honourable Mr. 
 Justice 
 
 The King v. A.B. 
 for the 
 
 <)iiy. tho day 
 
 of A.I). 19 . 
 
 I'pon Ihf npplicHtion of tlie snid A.B. 
 upon reiidjiiK the writ of eertiornri insued on 
 the diiy of A.I>. 10 , and 
 
 the papers hied in ''Jianibera on tiie npplica- 
 tion therefor, tiie return of CD., KiMiuire, 
 Justice of the I'ence [vr Police Ma(?ifltrate), 
 oi , or the Clerk of the Peace for tlie Connty of 
 
 (as Ihe cane maij he), to the said writ and the papers tliereto 
 attached, and also the recuj,'ni/,anc.> entered into bv the said A.B., witli 
 a surety (or sureties) also liied, and upon hearing* Connsel for the said 
 
 It is ordered that (M>., Ksquire, Justice of the Peace (or Police 
 MftffiatnUe), for the of and K.K.. the pro«ecutor. upon 
 
 notice to Ihera of tills onb r, to be given to them respectively, shall, on 
 the day of A.I). 19 , at o'clock, in the 
 
 forenoon, or so soon thereafter as f'ounael can be heard before this 
 Court at Osgoode Hall, Toronto, shew cause whv a certain conviction 
 made by the said C.I)., Justice of the Peace {or Police Maniatrate). on 
 the information of the said E.K., whereby the said A.B. was convicted 
 for that (set out the charge as in the conviction), and which said 
 conviction has been removed into this Court under certiorari should not 
 be quashed with costs, on the foliowing grounds, amongst others: (Sel 
 out the y rounds,) 
 
 On motion of Mr. , of Counsel for the said A.B. 
 
 By the Court. 
 
 liegistrar. 
 
 The objection to the want of the nix days' notice or other 
 ol^jection to the proceedinj,'s to quaHh a conviction may Ix- 
 raiHed by tin; prosecutor ur nuijji.strate by a suljstantive 
 application to supersede tite certiorari: Imt tliat course is not 
 essential : and the objection may be raised on the return of 
 the motion to quash the conviction. Defects of form or of a 
 triflinir nature uiay, however, not be allowed to be broujjht 
 up on the ir.'jtion to (juash a conviction : ami a substantive 
 motion will be necessary, so as to ^nve an opportunity for 
 ordering an amendment, if proper, and upon proper tei s. 
 
 I 
 
14 I'tRTIOKAHI. 
 
 But if tho Ji'ftwt in ft fiinilaiiu'iitttl oiio. it in not too latf to 
 brintt it up "" ''»' >i">ti"" f"i' i"'"' »'»"''"»'' '" 'l"""'' ''"^ 
 conviction: R. v. McAllnn, «"/>ir', .li«tin((iii»liinK, K. v. 
 U'veque, 3 IT.C.K. »»«. . . 
 
 The nam" rule iipplieM to objection to the certiorari on 
 the urounil tliat the »ecurity iei|uiii(l in defective or liaH not 
 been properly Kiven : K. v. t'luff, M U.C.R. 5US, and «>e Ke 
 BiHhnp l>yke, 20 NSR- 2(i:t; H. v. I'orter, ib. 352. 
 
 Cure niUHt lie taken, not to ilo BiiythiiiK which would lie 
 held to be a waiver of an ohjection, (for ill«tanee, of the 
 cilijection of want of notice) ; and either a sulMtantive motion 
 Mh'ollld 1h' made to «ui)er»i!de the certiorari, or the jimtice 
 or pi-o«*iitor Mliould cause notice to lie si'rved tliat lie will 
 take the olijf sion of want of six days' previous notice, (jii 
 the return of I.e motion to i|nash the conviction. .Should 
 he not do this he may, liy acquiescence in the motion or by 
 delay, (such as allowing an adjournment to In' ordeivd 
 without raisinjj the objection), lie held to have waived it; R. 
 V. Whittaker. 24 O.R. 437; following R. v, Basingstoke, l!l 
 LJ.M.C;. 2«; and ilistinKuishinj; on this [»int R. v. McAllan. 
 45 U.C.R. 402. In the case of R. v. McAllan, it was stated 
 that the six days' notice to the justice was a condition prr-- 
 cedentand its want "a most substantial defect;" and that if 
 the objection were only to the rtiCOKni^ance required by the 
 High Court rule, it nii(;ht tx^ got over, as was done in R. v. 
 Abergele, 5 A. & E. 705, by allowing a new recognizonce to be 
 given, and enlarging the application for that purjiose ; but the 
 want of the notice could in no way lie cured. 
 
 But in the more recent case of R. v. Whittaker, mpi-ii, it 
 wan distinctly held, (but without discussing the question ob to 
 its being a condition precedent under the statute), tliot it might 
 be waived. 
 
 Qiuere, whether the truth or falsity of a return to 
 certiorari can be enquired into by a motion to qiiivsh it ; R. 
 V. Nichols, 24 N.S.R. 151. 
 
 Under the provisions of I he Crown Rules, Nova Scotia, 
 1889, a motion to rescind an order for certiorari must be 
 made by way of appeal : R. v. FrascT, 22 N.S.R. 502. 
 Form or Notick that on the Motion to Qcash, as Objection will 
 
 BE TAKEN TO THE CERTIORARI. 
 
 In the Hiffh Court of Justice. 
 TlieKinBT. A.B. 
 
 Talie notice that upon the motion to quash the eonTiction ot you, the 
 above named A.B., objeetion «m be talien on behalf ot C.U., the 
 
t'ERTttlRAKr. 
 
 IS 
 
 s 
 
 ^r^l ['.'".' _., ,, ■ "i»«"nviotlnKMiiglftr.l.or Jurtlc), 
 IDMttiii writ of osrilorarl henjiii mul lljn relurn lliertlu ar« Invalid on 
 tba (round thai III olaar dnya |i»viou> notli'r »■> nol ilvin to tbi> uld 
 ooniriftlnil Mairlitrato (or Jmtlce. or two ot thr coiivlrling Juitleai, al 
 111. cau nay be), orilie aiipllcatlon for tb« nald canlorarl or that lb« 
 rMognlianM (llad la Inmigioloiil, for Ibr rolloirlng r™»on«: latatlnilha 
 obj-olion. or Mating any otbi>r ground, on whieb It la eontandad tbat 
 tb« oartlorarl la invalid). 
 
 Dated, etc. 
 Totbeaald A.B. 
 
 K. r.. 
 
 .Solicitor for the anld (Ml., (iroacciitor, 
 («|- (I.H., tbe .MiitrlMtriite or .luatlec above named). 
 If a iiu!ntanllve motion to aiip«r.edc Ibc certloriirl ia made, tbeb 
 iiittcad of tbe next preceding notice tbe following forma muy be uied:- 
 
 Arrn.»viT in Sihport or M..t|(,s to Mii.er»ei.b Cfktioraiii. 
 
 in tbe High Court of Juatlce. 
 Tbe Klngv. A.H. 
 
 I , of tbe of , |„ ,|„ !•(,„„,„ „, 
 
 , make oath and say 
 
 1. Thai I am the proaecutor (or the Mngiatrate or .liiatlce ai the caae 
 may bo) named In tbe writ of oertlomri laaued berain, a true copy of 
 which i» now abewn to me marked Kxhlbit A. 
 
 2. [If theobjecllon la thai the notice waa aerved on the ninglatrate leaa 
 than aix clear day», atate tbe fuct« clearly, and «bew when it wan aerved 
 and negi, ivlng aervice for aix clear dnya aa rciiulred by tbe la Ueo II 
 If no notice waa aerved at all m tbe maglatrate, atate tbe fact. Htbe 
 copy of notice aerved . a claimed to be In.ufficlent in form, the copy of 
 notice abould be verWed and marked aa an Kxbibit. If the objection la 
 to the aullleienoy of tbe recogiiliancB, or of the allldavll of execution or 
 JuallHcatlon, or in form or auhatance or manner of execution, atate any 
 tact, neceaaary to .hew tbia. If tbe objection l« to tbe aufflclency of the 
 auretiea abew tbia, and atate fully tbe mean) ot knowledge ot tbe deponent., 
 m.d."Sr.h """'I" property, i' «ny, i, worth. If tbe application U 
 made on the ground of delay In pro.eciiting tbe writ of certiorari and 
 
 ;h.2;'i;°,*h '."..'""■t' "1.'° ■?' ?"• "■» proceeding, taken and the t«,t. 
 abewlng that there baa been lacbe, and undue delay.] 
 
 NoTici; op Motion- to Sipkbskhe Certiorari. 
 
 Ill the High Court of Juatice. 
 
 Tbe King V. A.B, 
 
 Take notice that a motion will be made on behalf of E.F., the con- 
 victing Ju.tice (or .Maglatrate), or on behalf of C.I)., tbe prosecutor 
 H n ■• '»'''ro..""i P«'""ii"K -'"dgs of , hi. Court in Chambera, at Oagoode 
 Hall, in tbe city ot Toronto, on the day ot AU lu at 
 
 ten o'clocl -n the forenoon, or ao ,oon thereafter aa the' motion can be 
 made for an ^ -der .uperaeding or <,ua.hing the writ of certiorari iaaued 
 herein and aucceeding tbe order therefor, and for the return of tbe 
 conviction and other proceeding, and papera to the aald convicting 
 Juatice (or Magistrate), or to the f:ierk of the Peace for the County ot 
 .1. .1. A °"u , ^"T' "■"' "» "O'ice "" given to the aaid maglatrate 
 ax clear daya before the application for tbe .aid writ, a. required by the 
 Matute in that behalf ! or that the notice wa, inauBcient in tbia 
 ™o,.l».j k la ," °".' '" ''"''"'I: "'■ a"' no recognizance waa bled a, 
 required by tbe rule of Court: or that tbe recognizance la in.ulllcient. 
 
 I 
 
Hi 
 
 rKBTIllBABI. 
 
 linn .ivfr mill nl^ov* » ■»> ''"X »'' Vf ,','"', h.iVk 4IM ; "f tor «»iit ot 
 
 ,.r,ii-i'<nlliiK« ciiiil PHI*" lieroiii. 
 
 l>„te,ltl,i. 'Kvof A.I). HI . 
 
 Hollnll.ir tor ll'» ""W liroiecntor 
 (or i-oiivictiiiK Mngi«lr«l" or Ju.lU'e). 
 
 To tlio "Rirt *'."■ I'"' 
 K.F.. tiin ■oUfitor. 
 
 ,a,,,lir,,ti.n, (or tl,.- rul.' al,»<,lut.. i» to 1»- nm.l.'. 
 
 Motion for rule. Tl..' '■■>«• i"'>»t '»• "''' ''""" ''■',"' , '* 
 L^or.. tl... ti.n.. ti^.^ for tl,.. urKu.n..nt, ... ...mlow t" UK. 
 
 with tl,c. a.,ri«t,«,-. (Til,. .....Iiu„ pupor will »■ -."..lar... for... 
 
 to that tiltd »i. applicntio.. for the rule' ...w.) 
 
 Tl.,. court will not hear a .„ot\>.. to ,|uaHh a >■,■ um to 
 eert' ari ,«..n,li.,.' ,«. rppeal fro.,, the or,l,.r .rra..!,..), ccrt.orar. : 
 R. V. Hurlburt, 2<i N.S.K. 123. 2 Ca... Cr. ta». .i.tl, 
 
 RiaK ABBOiuxr. QUAai„Na Cosvicmos. 
 In the HiRh Co„rt ot JuBti«e. 
 
 Monday, the 
 day of 
 A.U., 10 ■ 
 
 The King against A. B. 
 
 The Honourable 
 Chief JnBtice 
 The Honourable 
 Mr. Justice 
 The Honourable 
 Mr. •luatice 
 
 .. upon the application o, A:|.upon^^J^>-il;:i;'o? I^JJii™";^.^" 
 the day of . •^■"■" ' day ot , A.U. 10 , 
 
 ot, the »rlt ot certiorari, ,^ated the ^'g^^^^„ ,tt„ched, and the 
 tto return ot the said «rlt ''f,;''L';"„^;;',,,o, the prosecutor, E. F., 
 „oogni.,;nce filed, and upon '"'•';°,«c ;,""^^°;„, jj.tic.. of thepeace 
 t„"r%'oTicrn."a';i:;X'),'VofnoM'°appearin. Z the said E. F. or CD., 
 
 •"rft'ford'etalhat the o„n.,c.i„u of th. .,id A. B, by C. D.. 
 
C'KIITIIIHAHI. 
 
 17 
 
 ami K. v., oi'fltlipr or Hipm, 
 Oil motion of Mr. 
 
 K..|iilr.. Jii.hr. of Hi., pmc, i„r polirr iiimtlilrnl.') for llii- of 
 
 oil liiforrii.l .11. uf tl„ .1,1,1 K. K. for thai, t.rl „ul Ik, rharae) 
 b. .11,1 till •urn. 1.1 li,r«l,.v ,|„i,i,l„.l („„,, ,, „„,, „„ „„l„r,l) .It). ™.l. 
 lo I,, i.aid by th» ul.1 lo Ibf ,n\(\ ,\, 11. 
 
 :i .\i.,nt li (iirtii^r or.l.ri.,1 that Hi 1 A. 11. I.. anU li- la lipr>l>r 
 
 Jl.oli.r|,«l from oiutoily iii,U,.r tl... »„,„„„ „t ,o„„„i,„„„, |„,„j „.,„; 
 
 .!..■'« 'V'"* I'j." f","!'" "'''"■•'I 'I"" II" "iiHi ,i..tioi, a> !• lirofldail for li. 
 
 <w° , !' :l "'.", "' ' I'""''", mill by tl„. lfcvl.,,1 siitiii,, of 
 
 Ontario. oha;.l«r KH, ....11,,,. ||, .|,„i| ,„. |,„,„„,„ „^,|„„ ,,,, ,„|j ,. „ 
 
 r any iivntoii wlionifloevor. 
 
 of '.oini.,-! for .aiij A. H. 
 
 Hy tlio Co„rt, 
 
 Ue^istrar. 
 
 Costs.— Till. |.iiui-t |„„ ,i,itl„,i-i(v iiri.l,.,' it., jjincral iiowers 
 
 to uwai-il l„»t» to th,. «UL.«.»sfnl party „|tl,o,|;;l, tin.,.,. WM no 
 
 mo^r,,,,..,,,.,.: K. V. Stark..y, 7 .M„„.|{. 2(i2 l)„t c-o»U arc 
 not aHai-.(,..| ii;;ainst tl„. ii.„»,.,.,ii,„- „r justice, f.xcL.tit on the 
 tjro,iniJ of iiiisconiliict : 1{. v. .loliiislon, Its I'CR 54!)' fi>l- 
 
 I';u"''.1T \'' ^""'"'*' '* "•"• -** ■ " '!»" R- *• t^'o"tt». 5 
 
 ,. ".'t'*- ?;/ ""''™' ='•'' '*" =•"'■ " '■■ L'oul«.n, 24 O.K. 
 241, ; K. V. Htstlak,., 21 O.K. CIH ; K. v. Hanks (N WT 1 1 
 Uw. Cr. tW .370: R. v. IJttl... .i B.C.K. 21 . In R. v. Ungtord, 
 1.) I).K. o2, tl„. court i-,.fuseil to awati] costs aL'ainst the 
 .justice altlioiiKh lie liail act,.,! improperly tl.rou.rl, i^hh 
 iKMoruMce, but not with an intentional violation of kiVown 
 aws. On appeal from an onl.r for costs aRninst the maiHs- 
 trat,. ,111,1 inforniant, the court refuseil to interfere with the 
 UiKietion ol the ju.lKc in tl„. matti-r. espwially as the inams- 
 trate and prosecutor might have avoi,l.-cl liuliility for costs by 
 not opposing the application : R. v. Smith, 31 N.S.R, (i07. 
 
 The ,|uestion of costs was diseussed in the alsive cases 
 
 anri also in R. v. Banks (N.VV.T), 1 Dan. Cr. Cas. p. ,372 R 
 
 Cas 405 ' *"'""■ ^'' ^'"'' '"■ " '■ "••"''«•". 1 Can. Cr! 
 
 But the costs may W recovered i, a civil action, it no 
 
 ord.-r iMrrint; »"ch action is nm.l,. : R. v. Somers, «„/,,•„. 
 
 If the conviction is affirmed without amendment the 
 
 pX™th i:-i"37a"' '" '"" """^ "' "p''"™'« *''« -o""- 
 
 l„n„or',i"'''"'i .?"■' P™'" ' " "J"""'' "■"*' Ju.'tiHed when 
 
 launched, and the co- •, „ amended and affirmed, costs 
 
 are not siven ajrain..- t,.,. ,.„da„t : R. v. Highan, 7 E. & 
 
]j) CEKTIOBARI. 
 
 B. 557, Re Plunkett, 3 B.C.R. 484; «. v^ Little, (i B.C.R. 
 321- R. V. McAnn, 3 Can. Cr. Cm- p. 120. The prmc.ple 
 upon which the question of co«ts is dealt w.th .» discussed 
 in the case of R. v. Crandall, 27 OR. 63; and see Re Rice, 
 20 N S R. 437 ; R. v. Roche, 32 O.R. 20. 
 
 An application by way of certiorari to -^t^ide^ con- 
 viction is not an appeal within the meaning of Code 897 and 
 S98; and the proceedings, therein provided for the recovery 
 of the costs do not apply. Any costs should be ordered to be 
 paid to the opposite party, and not to the clerk of the peace 
 and can only be recovered by estreating the recognisance 
 under Code 892, or by proces. of the High Court : see R. %. 
 Graham (Divl. Ct., Ont), 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 405. 
 
 Notice 01 AppllcaUon Iop Costs.-It w;a» suggested 
 in R V Westgate 21 O.R. 621, that if, with the notice of 
 application for certiorari, a notice was served stating that 
 unless the prosecution was forthwith abandoned, he costs of 
 further necessary proceedings to obtain relief would be asked, 
 such notice would be a ground for asking costs, when the 
 conviction is manifestly bad, and when it appears clearly 
 unjust or unfair t« put the defendant to such further costs. 
 
 Form op such Notice. 
 To {the infi>rmant) . 
 
 of the o' i° ^^^ county of 
 
 Tskenotitflthat hereto annexed and »er»ed on you herewith le a true 
 copy of anoto .e'rved on C. D , E.,uirc police m.gi.trat. (or one of 
 HUM.ie,ty>iu.tice.o thepe.«e or the __^o.^_^.^ ^,^^^^ 
 
 Dated thin day of A.D. 1 9 ■ 
 
 Solicitor for aaid A.B. 
 
 Proceedings on Refusal to Quash.-Upon an order 
 being made refusing to quash the conviction, the ^g'^t™'- °f 
 the court is forthwith to return it with the order to the 
 
CEKTIORARI. 
 
 19 
 
 justice, who is to proceed to enforce the conviction ; and it is 
 not necessary to issue a writ of procedendo : Code H!)5. But 
 if the conviction is quashed, even on the jjfround that the 
 summons was not duly served, the justice is functus o^io, 
 and cannot issue a fresh summons on the same information, 
 and the papers should remain on tile in the High Court, and 
 as the justice can only proceed when procedendo would 
 have been ordered, pr()hibition was ordered restraining him 
 from proceeding: R. v. Zickrick. 11 Man. R, 450. 
 
 Death Ol PPOSecUtOP, — The death of the prosecutor (who 
 is also the informant) after conviction and before service of 
 proceedings, does not prevent the High Court from dealing 
 with the matter: R. v. Fitzgerald, 19 O.R. 203. 
 
 Jurisdiction and Powers ol Court. — The clauses of the 
 Criminal Code relating to the removal of cases to the 
 High Court and the proceedings thereon and providing 
 that certiorari is not to be granted in certain cases, do not 
 apply to prosecutions under Ontario laws : R. v. Bethan 
 (unreported). 
 
 But the prerogative of the Sovereign to review and keep 
 within their jurisdiction the proceedings of inferior legal 
 tribunals, and which prerogative is vested in and delegated 
 to the High Court, is not dependent upon statutory provi- 
 sions. It applies, therefore, to all convictions and proceed- 
 ings by justices and magistrates acting under tlie authority 
 of a Royal Commission, and whether executing the laws of 
 the Dominion or of a Province : R. v. Cushing, 26 A.R. p. 248. 
 
 By the provisions of Code HOH none of the clauses in part 
 58 of the Ciiininal Code (ss. 8:10-901)) apply in any way to 
 convictions or orders made by magistrates under part 55 
 (ss. 872, etc.); but by Code 800, such convictions are not to 
 be quashed for want of form : and a warrant of commitment 
 by a magistrate is not to be held void for any defect what- 
 ever, if it is alleged therein that the defendant was convicted, 
 and it appears that there is a valid conviction to sustain it. 
 In such cases, if the conviction itself is also bad, a defective 
 commitment is not cured by the statute : R. v. Oibson, 20 
 O.R. 660, and cannot be aniended by tlie court, the sections 
 as to amendment (Code 885 and 889) not applying to 
 sunnnary trials before magistrates : R. v. Randolph. 32 O.R. 
 212. 
 
20 CERTIORARI. 
 
 Upon certiorari and motion to nuasli a conviction, the 
 Court cannot sit in appeal from tlie justice's or magis- 
 trate's decision, and, therefore, cannot ([uash an adjudication, 
 otherwise valid, upon an objection that the justice erroneonsly 
 found a matter either of fact or of law which he was com- 
 petent to try : Colonial Bank v. Willan, L.B. 5 P.O. p. 443 ; 
 R V. Orainger, 46 U.C.R. 382; R. v. Green, 12 P.R. 373; R. 
 V. Walsh, 29 N.S.R. 521 ; reversing R. v. McDonald, 19 
 N.S.R. 336; R. v. Stevens, 31 N.S.R. 124. 
 
 The court has no power to review the decision of the 
 justice upon the evidence, in a matter within his jurisdiction, 
 as that is a matter of appeal, and this is so even if an 
 affirmative finding was essential to jurisdiction; R. v. 
 Cunerty, 26 O.R 51 ; 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 325 ; Ex p. Nugent, 
 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 126. 
 
 And tlie court refused to interfere by certiorari, when the 
 magistrate was alleged to have made a conviction on the 
 evidence of a witness precluded by statute, the proper 
 remedy being by appeal: R. v. Walsh, 29 N.S.R. 521; 
 followed in R. v. Stevens, 31 N.S.R. 124; or to review an 
 erroneous ruling as to the admission of evidence: R. v. 
 Geo. McDonald, 29 N.S.R. 33, citing R. v. Dunning, 14 O.K. 
 5S ■ R. V. Brown, 16 O.R. 45 ; Ex p. Armstrong, 31 N.B.R. 
 411; Ex p. Hopwood, 15 Q.B. 121; Colonial Bank v. 
 Willan, L.R. 5 P.C. p. 443. 
 
 But the refusal of the magistrate to allow the defendant 
 to give evidence is a matter going to the jurisdiction : Ex p. 
 Legere, 27 N.B.R. 292. 
 
 The court will not interfere in a case in which the 
 magistrate has jurisdiction over the subject matter ; even if 
 it would have come to a different conclusion upon the 
 evidence: Ex p. Levesque, 32 N.B.R. 174; Ex p. McKeen, 
 32 N.B.R. 85. 
 
 In R. V. Bolton, 1 Q.B. p. 72, Deiiman, C.J., said that if 
 the conviction is valid the court cannot go into the evidence 
 at all to consider whether or not the justice's decision was 
 supported by the eviil.nce ; that is for himself or the 
 appellate court ; and this is so, even if the evidence leads to 
 the irresistible conclusion that the offence was not committed, 
 and so, in one sense, was not within the justice's jurisdiction. 
 In Ex p. Partington,6 Q.B. 656,thc same eminent judge said : 
 " We are not authorized to review his (the justice's) decision. It 
 
CERTIOKARI. 
 
 21 
 
 may be that there may be no court competent to review it 
 . . . It 18 clear only that we have not that power." See 
 also the review of the numerous lU'ciwionH to the same effect 
 and the opinion of the Supreme Court on the same point, in 
 Re Trepanier, 12 S.C.R. at p. ll:l. 
 
 In R. V. Wallace, 4 O.R. 127, a conviction liad been made 
 upon evidence whicli manifestly did not prove any offence, 
 and in that case, Wilson, C. J., sai*! that the provision for 
 referring to the evidence made by 41 Viet., c. 1(>, s. 117, (the 
 same as Code 889.) " would seem to waiu-aut an exan '■lation 
 of the merits ; but it is probably only so when a conviction is 
 substantially defective on its face, to allow it to be supported 
 by the evidence proving the oHeiic-e." In the same case. 
 Hagarty, C. J., said: "If the justice refused to hear any 
 evidence or decided witliout lieariiig evidence, or if tliere was 
 a clear dereliction of duty or iinproi>er conduct on his part, 
 the court would probably have authority to interfere, but not 
 if there has been any decisitm of the justice arrived at by 
 him, on the merits, however erroneous ; and tlie court has to 
 see that the justice 'acted within his authority, duly heard 
 the case, and gave his decision upon the evidence as laid 
 before him'." Cameron, CI., in the same case said, that 
 when tlie evidence is taken, but it does not shew any offence, 
 the justice has no jurisdiction, and the court may issue 
 certiorari to quash the conviction. 
 
 The above were not appealable eases. 
 
 In R. V. Coulson, (No. I), 24 O.R. 246; 1 Can. Cr. Can. 
 114, it was held by the judges of the Queen's Bench Division, 
 following the above case of R. v. Wallace, 4 O.R. 127, that, 
 if the conviction is valid on its face, the court cannot, on a 
 motion to quash, look at the evidence to see whether an offence 
 was established or not, as that was a matter for the justice 
 and the appellate court, if any. But this was not followed in 
 the subsequent case of R. v. Coulson (No. 2), 27 O.R. 59, 
 before the judges of the Common Pleas Division, in whicli 
 it was held that, even in an appealable case, and even if the 
 conviction is apparently a valid one, the depositions should 
 be looked at for the purpose of ascertaining whether there 
 was any evidence which would have l)een Kutficient to go to 
 ^ jwry; and if not, the conviction should be quashed, as being 
 made without jurisdiction. 
 
 In R. V. St. Clair, 27 A.R. :J11. (which was the case of a 
 conviction by a magistrate under part 55 of the Crin.inal 
 
22 
 
 CEBTIOBARl. 
 
 Code and ho there wa« no appeal upon th'' "'^jjf >^,2^|^\'-;/^;: 
 said- "I£ tl.eie wan evidence upon which the p>aK>«t™<« 
 mVht have convicted, he wa« the judge of the weight to be 
 r ta^hed to it, and it i» not for ub U, r-hear *« case or ». n 
 appeal f™" it." And in K. v, Hughes, 29 O.K. 179, Boyd, C J., 
 Jiid- " It may be that when a conviction is good on :t» face, 
 and there is an appeal to the Sessions, the coi.rt, on certiorari, 
 will not go into the facts; but it is a serious thing, and a 
 doub"ful tiling, to say that the court will not do so, even 
 .riough the conviction is good on its face, when there is no 
 F" a appeal." * . , . . 
 
 The present result of the cases seems to be that ... cases 
 where there is no appeal, even if the conviction is valid o.. its 
 Tace the court will without weighing the evidence, see that 
 there s„...e evidence, such as would justi y a case going o 
 a iury. and upon which the conclusion of gu.lt may fairly 
 L drawn; and in any case, a conviction not ba.sed upon any 
 p^opTr pr^of of guilt whatever, is void as against natural 
 ^g^Id in exce'ss of jurisdiction^ and will be quashed ev.^n 
 i£ it is valid on its face. See Wlute v. Feast, L. K. 7 Q. B. 
 
 IJalley, 27 N.B.K. 129: Ex p. Coulson, 33 N.B.K. 341, 1 Oan 
 Cr. Cas. 31. 
 
 The <n-anting of certiorari i. discretionary in any case , 
 and if i? appears that the grounds of objection are more 
 Tmperly theTubjectof appeal a..d an appeal hes the cm. t 
 ^iirrefusecertioruri unless special grou.ids are shew. ^ R ^. 
 Whitbread, 2 Doug. .553; Ex p Ross, 1 Can. ( .. tas. l.M. 
 Ex P Young, 32 N.B.R. 181. And after a conv.ct.o,. has 
 tee..'afliri. J'on appeal, eertiorari will not ^e g™.. ted ^ <^ode 
 886 ■ except for excess of jurisdiction ; R. y Lynch, II U.K. 
 3?2' R V. H.rrell (No. 2), 3 Can. t r. Cas. 15; and .n 
 appe'alable cases certiorari will be refused, unless s^cal 
 cir«imstances are shewn therefor: Ex p. Ross (S.C.^.B.), 1 
 Can. Cr. Cas. 153. , . • u 
 
 The court, i.i its discretion, refused eertiorari when 
 defendant pleaded guilty, and there was an appeal: Ex p. 
 Barbaric, 31 N.B.R 368. . 
 
 But in non-appealable eases the court will go into both 
 
 tacts and law ■ R v. Hughes, 29 OR. 179 ; 2 Can Cr. Cas. 5. 
 
 ft appears from the evidence that the defcdant was 
 
 auilty and^properly convicted, the court will not quash the 
 
CEBTIOBABI. 
 
 23 
 
 conviction, however invalid it may be on its face : R. v. 
 Menary, 19 O.K. 691. 
 
 But in »ucli case, the court must be satistied from the 
 depositions that, if tryinjj tlie defendant in the first instance, 
 it woulil have convicted him : R. v. Herrell, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 
 510. 
 
 If lilt' conviction is invalid on its face, it is the duty of 
 the court to examine the evidence ; and if satisfied that an 
 offence of the nature de.scrilx"d has been committed, over 
 which tlie justice luid jurisdiction, and tliut the punishment 
 is not in excess of the justice's jurisdiction, tlie conviction or 
 warrant is not to be held iiivjilid l't)r any defect or insuffi- 
 ciency : Code 889. 
 
 And by the same section, even if the punishment is in 
 excess of what may lawfully be awarded, the court shall have 
 the like power.s, to deal with thi; ease us seems just, as are by 
 Code 8X3 conferred in Ontario upon the General Sessions, 
 and in the other Provinces ujjon the courts named on an 
 appeal under Co<le 879. 
 
 By these sections, the court is jjiven express p'-wer, on an 
 application to (|Uash a defective conviction, to re.'er to the 
 evidence, and to modify or amend the conviction, or to make 
 such other conviction as the court thinks just, and to deal 
 with the case as the justice ought to have done : Code 883. 
 
 And this applies whether the punishment is in excess of 
 the justice's jurisdiction or not : Code 889 ; R. v. Crandall, 
 27 O.K. 63; Ex p. Conway, 31 X.B.R. 405. 
 
 The powers conferred by Code 889 were acted upon by 
 the court and approved on appeal in the recent case of R. v. 
 Murdock, 4 Can. Cr. Cas. 82, and it was held in the same 
 case that this might also be done on application for halieas 
 corpus. There is a further provision made by Code 752, 
 authorizing the court, on application for certiorari and habeas 
 corpus, in cases of indictable offences, to make an order 
 detaining the accused and directing the judge or justice, under 
 whose warrant he is in custo<ly, or any other judge or justice, 
 to take further evidence, or such further proceedings as the 
 court deems will best further the ends of justice. But this 
 will only be done in exceptional cases : R. v. Randolph, 32 
 O.K. 212. 
 
 As already stated, .sections 883 and 889 (Cr. Code) only 
 apply to summary convictions, under Part ZH, and in cases 
 
24 CERTIORARI. 
 
 under Part 55, relating to HUininary trials by iiiagistrates, 
 the court cannot amend : R. v. Kandolpli, ntipra ; R. v. Gib- 
 son, 29 O.R. 660. 
 
 But where exceasive iinpriHonment Imd been awaixled in 
 a conviction, in a case which the magiHtrate was competent to 
 try, either a« a magistrate, or as an ex' oj^cio justice, and 
 there was nothing to preclude the court from assuming that 
 lie was trying it in the latter capacity, the court so assumed ; 
 and in view of the fact that the defendant had pleaded guilty, 
 and that the ends of justice would be better served by 
 amendiug the conviction, under Code HH9, the court amended 
 it, so as to impose the proper punishment : R. v. Spooner (not 
 yet reported), 27 Dec, 1900, per Falconbridge, C.J. and 
 Street, J. In this case the court ordered the defendant to 
 be brought up on habeas corpus to receive the new sentence. 
 
 In Ex p. Nugent (S.C.N.B.), 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 126, the 
 difficulty in amending a conviction, in which the quantum of 
 punishment is in the justice's discretion, is discus.sed : and it 
 was argued that the court would by such amendment make 
 the justice appear to have exeraised a discretion which he had 
 not exercised, and would inflict a punishment which had not 
 been inflicted by the justice: see also R. v. Lake. 7 PR., p. 
 230. 
 
 But Code 889, as already stated, gives the widest ijowers 
 and confei-s upon the court itself, on examining the evidence, 
 the like powers to deal with the case (and even, if necessary, 
 to make a new conviction^ as are conferred by Code 883 upon 
 the General Sessions on an appeal. 
 
 In the case of Ex p. Nugent, it was decided that when 
 the penalty is a fixed sura, specified in the particular statute, 
 and the justice has, in error, awarded 'in additional punish- 
 ment, the court may amend on the a.ssumption that it was 
 manifest that the justice added the unauthorized punishment 
 by inadvertence or through ignorance. And in that case the 
 Supreme Court of New Brunswick ordered that the conviction, 
 on being returned under the certiorari, should be antemled by 
 striking out the unauthorized clause. 
 
 Where the conviction did not shew that the ott'eftce was 
 committed within the justice', jurisdiction, it was held to be 
 invalid: R. v. Chandler, 14 East, 267. 
 
 But the court may amend it in such case if the evidence 
 shews that the case was in fact within the justice's juris- 
 diction : R. v. Elliot, 12 OR. 524. 
 
CEHTKillAHI. 25 
 
 But when neither the conviction nor tile evidence shewed 
 that the place mentioned was within tlie juHtice's jurisdiction 
 the conviction was quashed : K. v. \ oung, 5 O.R. I84a. 
 
 Ill a case of a similar defect, the evidence was looked at ; 
 and it appearing from the caption that the charge, as 
 laid, was read to the defenduiit, the court referred to the 
 charge stated in warrant to iip|.ii.|iend, which was riturned 
 with the certiorari ; and the wiirrant .thewing that the oH'ence 
 was one which arose within tlii' justice's jurisdiction, the 
 conviction was amended, the i-ourt lieing thereby satisfied, 
 in accordance with Code «S11, tlmt an oHenco of the nature 
 describe<l in the conviction, and over which tiie justice had 
 jurisdiction, had bt»n committed : H. v. JlcOni'or Uhit ) 2 
 Can. Cr. Ca.s. 410; 26 O.K. 11,';. 
 
 A conviction which is invalid as not negativing an 
 exception in the statute, will he aminded if the evidence 
 negatives the exception : K. v. Smith, .Jl O.R. 224. 
 
 Code 890 (as amended liy the Act of 1000, c. 4(i), and 
 Code 846, provide that none of tlie defects therein enumer- 
 ated shall invalidate a conviction or other proceeding. 
 
 There are many other d.fects which are within the 
 saving provision of Code 88!1. Knr instance, if the adjudica- 
 tion and conviction omit to fix the amount of costs payable 
 or a provision for distress liefore imprisonment : R. v. Flynn 
 20 O.R. 638 ; R. v. Clarke, 20 O.K. 642. 
 
 A manifestly clerical error will lie amended : Ex. p 
 Kavanagh (S.C.N.B.), 2 Can. Cr. Ca.s. 267. 
 
 And, generally, a proceeding to quash a conviction or to 
 discharge the defendant must lie based upon some .substantial 
 defect in the justice or legality of the proceeding, and not 
 a mere informality : R. v. Barker, 1 East, 186. The rules 
 and provisions of the Criminal Code above cited apply also 
 to warrants of commitment, ami all other warrants to enforce 
 convictions: Re Plunkett, :i li.C.R. 384. 
 
 When Certiorari taken away.— By Code 896, if the 
 defendant appeared before the justice, and the ca.se was tried 
 on its merits, and the defenclant has not appealed in an 
 appealable case, or if he appealed and the conviction was 
 sustained, it is not afterwards to be vacated for defect of 
 form, but the construction is to be such a fair and liberal one 
 as is agreeable to justice. 
 
26 CEHTIORARI. 
 
 Code 886 pruvides that no conviction or order, afBrmed 
 on appeal, shall be (|ua8hed tor want of form, or removed by 
 certiorari; and no w^'rrant of commitment shall be held void 
 by reason of any dei.'Ct, provided it is therein alle)^d that 
 the defendant was convicted, and there is a good and valid 
 conviction to sustain it. And by Code 887 no certiorari is 
 to be allowed to remove a conviction or order if the defend- 
 ant appealed ; nor is the order or conviction made on api>eal 
 to be so removed. 
 
 Giving notice of appeal is "appealing" within this section 
 of the Code: R v. Howard, 6 C.L.T. 52(i; K. v. Lynch, 12 
 O.K. p. 378. 
 
 But the giving of notice, and filing a recognizance tor an 
 appeal, <loe8 not take away the right to certiorari on the 
 ground of excessive jurisdiction : R. v. Ashcroft, 2 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 38.5. 
 
 See also, R v. Wallace, 1 East, P.C. 186 ; R v. Johnston, 
 .30 U.C.R. 423 : R. v. Levecque, 30 U.C.K. .5011 ; R v. Scott, 
 10 P.R 517 ; R v. Starkey, 7 Man. R 43. 
 
 The right to certiorari is also declared to be taken away 
 by certain statutes in particular cases. It will, however, be 
 held not to be taken away by implication, nor otherwise than 
 by express wonls, and not by a statute authorizing an appeal 
 to the Sessions which was empowered to " hear and jinally 
 determine" the matter: R v. Jukes, 8 T.R. 542. 
 
 Nor by a statute which provides that no other court than 
 the one appealed to should intermeddle, but that it should be 
 finally determined by the Sessions only : R. v. Morley, 2 
 Burr. 1040. 
 
 Unless the word " certiorari " is used and barred, such 
 statutes will be construed as only referring to matters of 
 fact, tried by the justice : R v. Plowright, 3 Mod. 95 ; 2 
 Hawkins, P.C. 6th ed., c. 27, s. 23; and see notes 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 
 p. 155. 
 
 In pursuance of Code 887, the court will not order a con- 
 viction to be returned by certiorari for the purpose of review, 
 or on ary ground, other than excess of jurisdiction, after an 
 appeal under Code 879, et eeq., or after any appeal authorized 
 by law: R v. Lynch, 12 O.R 372; citing R. v. Wallace, 4 O.R. 
 127. 
 
 But whenever the right to certiorari is expressly taken 
 o-oay, whether by the clauses of the Cr. Code (such as clause 
 
CERTIOItAlll. 27 
 
 887), or by tlic particular Htntiiii. ivlatiiig to the otfenco, a 
 party haH, neverthulesH, alwavM tlii> iij;lit to certiorari on tim 
 KTouml of want of juriwiiction ol' ihe justice to do what in 
 complained of. 
 
 Certiorari Ih. as already nuiiticim'd, a prerogative right : 
 R. V. Lynch, 12 O.lt. p. 372; nwl it ciinm.t lie taken away 
 by any legiBlatiou in any caw in which the justice has acted 
 without or in excens of jurisrlicliun ; anil (he evidence may 
 be looked at upon that question : Kx. p. Bradlaugh, 3 Q.B.D. 
 511 ; K. V. Uowling, 17 O.K. (iiis ; sii- also Tupjier v. Murphy, 
 3 R. & U. (Nova Scotia) 173 ; K. v. McKcnzic, 23 N.S.R 620 ; 
 R. v. Major, 29 N.S.R. 373 : K. v. liigelow, 31 N.S.R. 430, 
 and cases therein cited. 
 
 And the statute purporting to take away the right to 
 certiorari will be construed as on); ,l,jing so in so far as 
 relates to the High Court reviiwing the proceedings m to 
 their regularity or validity, otherwise than upon the iiuestion 
 of jurisdiction; and the authority of the High Court in the 
 latt jr respect, cannot Ijc taken awuv hy statute : Re Holland 
 37 U.C.R 214. 
 
 "It is settled in cases where no restraint is placed by the 
 legislature upon review hy certiorari that an adjudication by 
 a tribunal having jurisdiction over the subject matter is, if 
 no defects appear on the face of it, to be taken as conclusive 
 of the facts therein stated ; and the court will not on certi- 
 orari quash an adjudication upon the ground that the fact, 
 however essential, has been erroneously found. And even 
 when the right (of certiorari ) is taken away by statute, it is 
 to be deemed as still existing in cases tif want or excess of 
 jurisdiction or fraud:" per King, J., The Queen v. "The 
 Troop," 29 S.C.R p. 673. Referring to Colonial Bank v, 
 Willan, L.R. 5 PC. 417 he adds : " There is a distinction 
 between the merits of the case, and ]ioints collateral to the 
 merits upon which the limit of jurisdiction depends. In the 
 former, whenever by statute the adjudication is final, no mere 
 error of the tribunal, whether as to law or fact involved can 
 make the adjudication open to review on certiorari." 
 
 But as also decided in Re Holland, 37 U.C.R. 214, the 
 adjudication may, notwithstanding, be removed to the High 
 Court, not for review as to its regularity or validity, or the 
 sufficiency of the evidence, if there is any evidence at all to 
 support it, but on the sole question of jurisdiction. But the 
 
28 
 
 conviction in nnch caHe will not be r|uaHhe<l except ui>on the 
 j^round of clear excefut ur want of juriniliction, or upon the 
 ground of fraud ; Colonial Bank v. Willan, L.R. 5 V.C. 417. 
 
 An appeal in no obstacle to certiorari based upon an excvaa 
 of juriBdiction : R v. McAnn. 4 B.CB 5«7, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 110; 
 R. V. Starkey, « Man. R. 5H8, 7 Man. R. 43; K. v. McKenzie, 
 23 N.S.R. W. 
 
 The queHtion of the powera of the court on application 
 for certiorari, in cascH where it has Ijeen taken away, is 
 reviewed in R. v. Clmntrel. LR. 10 Q.B. p. 5K9. 
 
 When a i|ueHtion aH tu the validity of a conviction has 
 been decided by tlie court, on a case Htated, the matter is i-ea 
 jiulieuta, and certiorari will not be jfranted on the same 
 ground: R. v. Monaghan (X.W.T.). 2 Can, Cr. Ciw. 488. 
 
 A conviction for breach of a by-law was quashed when 
 proof of the by-law required by tlie Ontario Evidence Act, oh 
 amended, had not been properly given: R. v. Dowslay, 19 
 O.R. U22. 
 
 Returning Amended Convlotlon.— If a certiorari ia 
 obtained upon a defective nieuioranduni of adjudication, and 
 Iwifore any formal conviction is made out, the justice in not 
 precluded from making out and returning a formal convic- 
 tion remedying the defect in the adjudication : R. v. Smith, 
 46 U.C.R. 442; R. v. Menary, 19 O.R. 091 ; Jones v. Wil- 
 liam», 3fi LT. 559 ; Paley, 6th ed. 271 and 424. 
 
 In his return to certiorari, the justice may make out and 
 return an amended conviction, if the first one made out, and 
 on which the certiorari was obtained, was defective : R. v. 
 Hartley, 20 O.R. 481 "ollowcd by R. v. McAnn, 4 B.C.R. 587. 
 
 And such amendbu conviction may be made out and 
 returned to the court under certiorari, even after a previous 
 formal conviction has been returned to the clerk of the peace; 
 provided such new conviction is according to the truth, and 
 is supported by the facts of the case, as proved before the 
 justice: R. v. Barker, 1 Elast, 186: Selwood v. Mount, 9 C. 
 & P. 75: Wilson v. Graybiel, 5 U.C.R. 227: but see B. v. 
 McKenzie, 23 N.S.R. 6; R. v. Learmont, ih. 24. And he may 
 do so even after a writ of certiorari has been served: R. v. 
 McKenzie, 6 O.R. 165 ; and after the first formal conviction 
 has been returned to the court unde ' it ; and, in fact, at any 
 time before the conviction has been actually quashed, or the 
 defendant released: R. v. I.Awrenco, 43 IT.C.R. p. 168; R. v. 
 
r'KHTInllvHi 211 
 
 Lakf, 7 P.K. i>. 2!(S; K. v. lluill,,. io OH. 481 ; K. v. Ben- 
 nett. 3 O.K. 45; Clianey v. I'm ih. I y.B. 712: Clmrtcr v. 
 Oraenie, 13 g.B. 210; R. v. Hon*. 2 Man. K. S8 ; R. v. 
 Sinitli, 4« U.C.R. 442 ; H. v. Rii:l„i„|w,n, 20 OR. S14; Jone» 
 V. WillianiH, 3« LT. 557; H. v. McUniuW. 2« X.S.R. 404; R. v, 
 Bixelow, 31 N..S.R. 438. -S. will, iv);iiiil to »n invulid war- 
 rant of conunitniiMit. If a ;,'(»»! wiirmnt W rctiirn.jd, Dw 
 court will not eniiuire into llii' Milidity of a prfviouH ilocu- 
 niwit umier which the defendant was committed : Palev, «th 
 ed. 348: Re Hlunket, 1 Can. Vi: Van. 3(i5; 3 B.C'.R. 48*4. 
 
 If there in a good conviction rviinni.l with a bad coniniit- 
 nient, the court will adjourn thc> niw to enable an Hiuended 
 commitment to hv tiled in confoirnity with the conviction: 
 R V. Lavin, 12 P. R. «42. 
 
 But the justice cannot make out and return a conviction, 
 or amended conviction, Hub»t«ntially dirt'ering from IiIk 
 memorandum of adjudication, giving eHcct to a change of 
 intention, as regard.! the adjudioation of guilt or puninhnient: 
 R. V. McAnn, 3 Can. Cr. Caa 110. \ juMice cannot convict a 
 man of one offence, and on certiorari, inform the court that he 
 convicted him of another: Re Houghton. 1 B.C.R. p. 8i». Nor 
 can he award puninhment of one sort, and return a conviction 
 awarding another. 
 
 But it is otherwise n« regard.1 the consequences, which 
 follow the default of payn'ent of the tine : and any error or 
 excess in that respect may be remedied by making out a new 
 conviction without amending the minute of adjudication: 
 R. v. Menary, 19 O. R. p. «!)(i; li. v. Hartley, 20 O. R. 481 ; 
 R. v. McAnn, supra ; R. v. Dolierty. 32 X. S. R. 236. But 
 see R V. Perley, 25 N.B.R. 43. 
 
 When the justice has exerci»e<l his judgment in the case, 
 and has nominated the tine „nd ti.veci the term of imprison- 
 ment, the formal conviction must lie in accordance with the 
 fact ; and the fact is shewn by the minute of adjudication ; 
 and in order to change the latter there would have to be a 
 new judgment, which could only be done in presence of the 
 defendant, as suggested by Wilson, C. J., in R. v. Brady, 12 
 O.R p. 363. But where the excess was in awarding measures 
 in default of payment, (as where defendant was illegaly 
 ordered to be committed to the stocks. Barton v. Breckwell. 
 13 Q.B. 393 ; or where distress was illegally ordered, R. v. 
 Menary, 19 O.R. 691 ; and R. v. Hartley, 20 O.R. 481, fol- 
 lowed on this point in R. v. Southwick, 21 OR. p. 674 : see also 
 
30 
 
 H. V. WaUh, 2 O.K. 20(1), tlii' TOiiviction may l»' aniomled by 
 makini; out « new oii«, nmittinft tli« fxcviia, evi'ii after the 
 formal conviction containing; tlie defect ban been returned 
 and attacked upon certiorari : K. v. Mc Ann, :i Can. Cr. Caa. 110: 
 4 B.C.R. 587. 
 
 The leading cane of K. v. Hartley. 20 O.K. 481, was fol- 
 lowefl on the above |K)int by R. v. Kicbanlxon, 20 (). K. 314. 
 iinil over-ruled the decisionR to the contrary on thiH [joint in 
 K. V. Brady, 12 O.B. 388. and R. v. HIkk'"". •** '*" '■*'* 
 
 An alteration which wo\ild be more onerouM to the defen- 
 dant cannot be made in bin abBence. ami can only Ix' miule 
 by aniendinj; the dijudication in bin preMeiiee : R. v. Hmiidon. 
 3 L.T. 5S0 ; and nee JoneH v. Williamii. 3(1 IT. Ml. 
 
 A conviction which ini{>oni-M Ichh tliun the niiiiimuin 
 punishment provitled for the offence \h not invalid : Code 
 890 (fc), 88!) ; nor one which omits to ne),'ative circumstances, 
 the existenei! of which would make the act lawful wluther 
 stated ill the section imder which the offence is laiil or under 
 another section : Code 8!»0 (r). 
 
 If the original adjudication imposih); measures for enforc- 
 in)» the penalty bos been acted u|X)n (us where ban) lalxjur 
 was added improperly to imprisonment in defaidt i>f payment 
 aT>d the defendant has Ijei^n imprisoned at hanl lalviur under 
 it) the defect cannot be corrected by an amended conviction 
 omitting the improper provision ; K. v. McAnn. 4 H.C.R. 587 ; 
 3 Can. Cr. Can p. 121 ; Barton v. Bricknell, 13 (^.B. 303. 
 
 A commitment imposing unauthorized conditions of dis- 
 charge (such as a provision that the defendant be imprisoned 
 until the costs of conveying him to gaol are paid, in cases 
 where that is not provided for) and which has been acted on, 
 is bad in whole and must be quashed : Ex p. Lou Kai Long, 
 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 120. 
 
 That part of an adjudication improperly awarding 
 imprisonment, in ilefault of a payment of a tine, may be 
 quashed, without iina.«*hing the rest of the conviction : R. v. 
 Dunning, 14 O.R. .52. 
 
 There is a distinction between making out a conviction 
 containing more than the adjudication (and thus creating a 
 variance between them), and one which omits something 
 which was improiwrly included in the adjudication. The 
 above-mentioned case of R. v. Hartley, decides that the con- 
 
'■rRTIl.llAHl 
 
 HI 
 
 viction in k,kh1 ill til,. l«tt..r»l.ii,.„r f«,t., while in the roniuT 
 It m not. 
 
 If til.. «.yii.lic«tion iK ,ri„n.„,i», „r the i>iiiiishiii..|,t 
 »wimlo<l m not in iicconl,,,,.... «i,h i„«., the justice i» not 
 
 ^»m(«, ,,(/,,.,„, „ven after h- ha „h. out .ml n'turimU 
 
 foriiiBl convietloii ; but he nmy still hrin^ the pilrtie- before 
 hiiii ttn.l allien,! the minute .,f ,i.|j,i.|i,,,tioii in their h(«rin,{ 
 •iid return n new conviction, .v.m i.fier certiorari haH I).™ 
 
 p. 121, i RCR. 5K7; R. v. Duiinin.', U O.B p SX K v 
 Brady, 12 OR. 3.(3, p..r \Vil»,i,, CI. ^ ' 
 
 An unnealed conviction i« l«i,| un.l cannot be aniendwl by 
 the court: but an aiiieiid«l c•oN^iel,„.l with neaU may 1« 
 ...ade out an, hle,l Ufore the Hr,t on,. i„ acted on: Boii,| v 
 Coniiiee, ll> A.R. 3im; H. v. Phi|,|«. II W.R. 7,30. 
 
 A conviction ap,in«t a |,,|«„i by wroii^ name in not 
 defective if objection w,w not t,ikei, l-fore the juntic... when 
 be could have ameiide<l the i,r,«v,..|i„ys : R. v. CorriKan 2 
 Can. ( r. Ciis. 391. " ' 
 
 It u,e uoiiviction i» uniler u |«irtie„lar statute, which d,x..« 
 not provide bow the pt.nalty is to U, enforced, the ailjuilica- 
 tion and conviction are not def,.ctiv,. for not provi,liii,; for 
 It; and Code 872 aupplies the nu.a«UTO to be taken R v 
 McKenzie, 6 O.R. p. 108. 
 
 If other coHts than tb,«.. in tl„. tarirtare ordered, a» wIltc 
 a conviction contained an or,ler to i„iy co»t», ineludin,' «l 
 which bad been pai,l tor the iw,. of tb,. ball where the trial 
 waH held. It i« 111 excesH of the jiistic.s Jurisdiction and the 
 conviction ih bad. The court has no power to ani(.|i,l bv 
 oniittini; that item, for that wouW ci-eat.. a variance lietween 
 tie adjudication and tb,. conviction, cominj; within R v 
 Wals^i, 2 OR. 20«; aii.l tl„. ,.„„rt bavinjr no power to 
 interfere with an adju.lication the ..onviction will be quashed ■ 
 R. v. fclliott, 12 O.R. 524 ; but «,.e R. v. Murrlock 4 Can Cr 
 tas. 882, ante p. 23. ' 
 
 \judgnunt of the Oeiieial .Si-ssioiis cannot lie ieiiiove,l 
 by certiorari, it being a Court of Record, an,l the jud<niient 
 beiiiK by a court of comp,.teut jurisilictioii the matter is 
 reM udjwdicata. But an older of (ieneral Sessions issuwl in 
 excess of authonty may, as a judicial act of an inferior 
 tribunal, be so removed; tor instance, an order directing the 
 sheriff, under a judgment of the Oeneral .Sessions, to abate a 
 
 *fffl 
 
32 
 
 CERTIORARI. 
 
 nuiHance, was removed by certiorari and quashed, the Sessions 
 having no authority to substitute such order for the writ de 
 wycumento aniovendo which ought to liave been issued : B. v. 
 Grover, 23 O.K. 92. 
 
 As to removal by eei-tiorari on proceedings on indictable 
 offences, where there is reason to apprehend that the accused 
 may not be fairly tried : see R. v. Hart, 45 U.C.R 1 ; R. v. 
 Adams, 8 P.B. 4«2. 
 
 Appeals.— An appeal lies to the High Court from an 
 order for certiorari granted by a judge, but not from a judge 
 in clianibers to another judge in court : R. v. Graham, 1 
 Can. Cr. Cas. 405. 
 
 There is no appeal to the Court of Appeal from the High 
 Court on an application for certiorari ; nor from an order made 
 on an application to quanh a conviction under a Dominion law; 
 nor is there any such appeal in cases under Ontario statutes, 
 except upon a certificate of the Attorney-General for Ontario, 
 that the decision involves a question of the construction of the 
 B.N.A. Act: See RS.O. c. 91, a. 3; and in a case where such 
 certificate had been obtained, but it plainly appeared to the 
 Court of Appeal that the decision did not in fact involve any 
 such question, and that the certificate had been granted inad- 
 vertently, the court quashed the appeal : R. v. Reid, 26 
 A.R. 181. 
 
 An appeal was allowed by R.S.O. c. 245, s. 121, to the 
 Court of Appeal, under the Ontario Liquor License Act : R. 
 v. Hodge, 7 A.R. 240 ; but unless there is a special provi- 
 sion in the statute relating to tli§ particular ofience, for an 
 appeal from the High Court to the Court of Appeal, no such 
 appeal lies : either in cases under Dominion laws : R. v. Eli, 
 13 A.R. 52*' ; R. v. McAuley, 14 OR 643 ; or under Ontario 
 statutes, the Judicature Act and the rules under it, not 
 applying in either case : R. v. Gushing, 26 A.R. 248 ; and there 
 being no general provision for appeals to the Court of Appeal 
 in penal matters. There is no ap^ieal in any case except it is 
 specially provided by statute : R v. London (Jus.), 25 Q.B.D. 
 p. 360 ; Ellis v. The Queen, 22 S.C.R p. 11. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 Habeas Corpus. 
 
 shall consXZZJtC'"' ^uf^rr '"«, "^V""' 
 ■2 Swans. I ; R. v. Cowie, 2 Burr «S5 ' ""^''^ ' ^'^• 
 
 ancient „rigi„TR':*tJ;t6QV«'rb„t ft h^'l:' ^"^ 
 
 prov^^s t'Te Sg' r;He'«::irin^:;i- ^"^ ^H " ^' 
 person is committed or rfpt.,,1^ ? ™*'" "''"« » 
 
 felony or t„C„p,Lltp;;tjh,r """"' 1?™"?' *°' 
 a. plication of the pe.Z Sll or ^""r' »P°n «»« 
 It applies only to c^s of^ * .■ "^ ?"'' '" '"» '«''»«• 
 ■cri^FnalorsCXrimfnattH-nc™.'?' -.pnaonment for 
 The Ontario Habeas Corpus Act RSO „ sq c l- , 
 the Habe^, Corpus Act, ISlJ^^Sfi Get. ni.^e."'lOo'is saTdt 
 be the prototype, extends the provisions of he Act of Tharle^ 
 
 liberty* h:rse1hrnr"""""1 "' ^''''™'-'' "^ '"!' 
 n.at..^, ex:;r,X>™ imTrZ'l^.lr'dCbrr'" 
 o?a crurHft'^Tn'^ ''''j"''«™™» ""-'""^^^^^^^ 
 
:U 
 
 IIAIIKAS rilBIMS. 
 
 I; 
 
 Scope Ot the Act.— I'lio «eveiiil pidviNionsof the Ontiiiio 
 Act ure i-xtendcil to "all writs of habeus c-oipus nwaidtil in 
 puraualicn of the said Act pasHed in Kiifjland in tin: thirty- 
 first year of the veiff\ ot Kinj; t'harlcn the Second, or 
 otherwise, in as ample and tieneticial a munlKM- as if such 
 writs, and the said cases arising thereon, luul been therein before 
 specially nameil and provided for respectively :" R.S.O. e. HS, 
 8 7 ; R. V. St. Clair, 27 A.R. 31(). 
 
 The Imperial statute, 31 Car. 2, as well as the Knglish 
 common law, are in force in Canada, having liecn introduced 
 at the time ot the adoption of its first constitution. The 
 Ontario statute and the Halieas Corpus Acts of the other 
 provinces ot Canada are also valid, the Colonial Validities 
 Act, 28 & 29 Vict., c. B3, providing that a Colonial statute 
 is oidy invalid as against Imperial statutes, in so tar as the 
 provisions of the former may be repugnant to the latter: see 
 also, B.S.N.S. c. 117; R.S.LC. !I5 : R.S.N.B. c. 41: R. v. 
 Cameron, 1 Can. Cr. Cos. 169. 
 
 The Ontario Hab'jas Corpus Act is taken from the statute 
 of the late Province of Canada, iil & 30 Vict., e. 45 (which 
 applied only to Upper Canada), and as the latter statute has 
 not been repealed, and having !)een passed liefore Confeilera- 
 tion, it is in force in Ontario regarding matters ot criminal 
 law over which the Dominion Parliament now has jurisdiction, 
 without regard to the tact that it -vas included in the 
 subse<iuent revision of the Ontario statutes, or to any 
 changes made by the latter statute, and except in so tar as 
 impliedly repealed by the Criminal Code of Canada : 1 Can. 
 Cr Cos. 213. The R.S.O. c. 83 applies.howevcr.toconvictions, 
 etc., tor offences against provincial laws : see 2 Can. Cr. t'as. 
 p. 306 (notes). 
 
 Restraint Ol Liberty.— Habeas Corpus may be applied 
 for whenever the person has lieen in any manner restrained 
 of his liberty to any degree whatever. It is not necessary 
 that he should lie actually incarcerated, but he may apply 
 whenever he is deprived of the privilege of going when and 
 where he pleases ; so he may apply immediately upon lieing 
 arrested, and while in the custody of a constable : 2 Just. 
 5K9 : Be Cloutier, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 43. 
 
 But a merely moral restraint is not sufficient: R. v. 
 I)ovis, 1 Burr. 638 (ii): Hui-d, 201. 
 
:!.-> 
 
 ■ /«W " Kxeciltioii of 
 
 As to wimt coiiBtitiites un anvst 
 Warrant." 
 
 Every restraint u,«n a n,an» UUrty is, in the eye „r the 
 law an „„p,-,«,„„,ent, whatever may l« the place, or what 
 
 I Kent, ().U : 2 JuhI. 482, JN!) : Hunl, 201. 
 
 Persons diHchargert on Imil will not be considered as 
 restrmned of Uu.ir lilK-rty, so as to he entitled to a wr o 
 habeas corpus directed to their Iwil : Hur,I, 201 ; but there is 
 
 Exceptions.- The statute :il ('ar. II., c. 2 s 2 exccDts 
 person., connnttted tor felony or treason, plainly exp;:e3in 
 he warrant, a« we I ,us ,«rsons convicted or in execut^by 
 %'al pr,«e.^. And the statute of Ontario excepts p^Ln^ 
 mpnsoned for debt or by process is.,ued in any actionTby 
 the judgment, conviction or or.ler of a Court ofVord, OyTr 
 
 Such ^Z"' "" ^:r'i *'''°' "'""■'■>■ "^ ««"«™' Se^sio^ns. 
 Such persons are. therefore, not entitled to the writ : R.8.(). 
 
 A County .ln,lge,s Criminal Court is a Court of Kecor<l 
 and .ts process w.tlnn the alx-ve exception: R. v. St. De"n ! 
 « KK. Ifi R, V. Burke (X.S.), | Can. Cr. Cas. .539 • R v 
 Murray ,( „t., , Can. Cr. Ca.s. 4.52 ; Ke Sproule, 12 S C R 
 140 R. V. (Wlnmn, 2 OR. 4(i8; Re KerguLn. 24 N.S R lOd 
 hevnni*'/ -"^ ?'".';' "'";"''' '■'"-■'■'»"' '^ crinnnal prosecution 
 accused will be released on habeas corpus, as not bein<r in 
 ust^y under any valid legal pr,«e<ling: Re SprouUr ,2 
 .■>.C.K. p. 205 : and see notes 1 Can. Cr. (^as. 546. 
 
 Where the party is in custody in execution, after eonvic- 
 
 tLT^e'l"'"""'' '^ f ™'"' '"""'« ""•™™' .iurisdicr of 
 the case, for a crmunal oH-ence. the .statute does not apply : 
 Gx p. Lees, El. Bl. & El. 82S : Re Newton, IB CB !)7 Ex 
 p. Dunn, 5 D. & L. 345 R. v. Crabl,., 11 tl.C R 447' r! 
 ■Spronle, 12 S_C,R. 140; R. v Burke, I Can. Cr Cas p .54^ 
 
 An oi-der to commit, in a civil suit In the County Court is 
 of the statute: Re Andei-son v. Vanstone, 16 PR. 243. 
 
S6 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. 
 
 The remedy of habeas corpus, and certiorari in aid of the 
 same, applies not only to the case of a conviction and warrant 
 rf commUment by a justice of the peace but also to those by 
 a police magistrate under ss. 783, 784 of the Cnm.nal Cod^ 
 Although 8 798 provides that a conviction in the latter case 
 shall hfve the «.L effect as a conviction upon an mdictment 
 by a Court of Record, yet it is not the mme toff and the 
 Xistrates court is «o/a Court of Record, ^S^^-^^^^-% 
 ra^t of which habeas colics does not lie: R. v Gibson J» 
 OR 660 ■ R V. St. Clair, 27 A.R. 308, and cases tnere cited , 
 see also O'Reilly v. Allen, U U.C.R. 526. 
 
 Application lor Wrlt.-The application may be.>n»de by 
 
 the P-- ''™-^-o'r98r^°D rer^F tS\ 
 Cobbett V. Hudson, 15 Q.B. 988, Be L>aiey, i r. ot i- . 
 S^ Thompson, 30 LJ.M.C. 19; Kurd, 203 ; Anne Gregorys 
 Case, 4 Burr. 1991 ; R v. Clarke, 1 Burr. 606. 
 
 It is not necessary that any legal '«'»«™*.p should east 
 between the applicant and the prisoner : The Hottentot Venus 
 Case 3 East, 195; but it cannot be made by a mere stranger, 
 wl^'shel^ no authority wha. ,ver on behalf of the person 
 detained, and no right to represent himj Ex p. l-h>!"l. " 
 C B 238 But express authority from the prisoner is not 
 necessary; it is sufficient if it apg.-ars that th^ P"«^»;--^ » 
 suffering involuntary and wrongful restraint: Hurd, -<)*, 
 see Re Carmichael, 1 C.L.J. 243. 
 
 The writ will be granted to aliens as well ^ to British 
 Hnbjtcte: Hottentot fenus Case, 3 £-'■ 1«5 ; R- v^Be^e . 
 6 OB. 481 ; but not to an alien prisoner of war ; R. v bchiever 
 2 Burr 765 It has been held that the wnt may be applied 
 for by'an officer holding a warrant fo-Llhe Fi'""^'^ »"•='* 
 in another proceeding: Re Mineau, 45 Fed. Rep. 188. 
 
 The fact that, at the time of the application, the person 
 against whom the writ is a.,ked, has not in ''■« ""^'-J^y "^ 
 power the pe«on said to be detained, is no ground forjetusing 
 
 L writ, if it appears that the f^" ''^ '"^^^''y ^ar^o 
 with such custody: R. v. Barnardo 24 Q.Bl). f^ Baruardo 
 V Ford (1892), AC. 326; Barnardo v. McHugh, 61 L.J.y.B. 
 721 disapproving, R. v. Barnardo, 23 Q.Bl). 305. 
 
 •■ When the detention has ceased the writ is inapphcable, 
 but when a counterfeited release has taken place and a pre- 
 to dldlgnorance of the place of custody, or of the identity of 
 the preLt custodian, is insisted on, the court ought to 
 
HABEAS <()R|>r.S. 
 
 :*7 
 
 deposition o the pernon detaiiuHl, it is entitled to use S^e 
 
 rZ L°^ "'f '"" *? '^^^ "'o '^"'l- "f «'« 'negations and 
 to require a return to be mad. to it : per Herschell, L.,I., sc 
 
 » l^B T.""''i°!^"''^J* '"*^" " anytime: R.S.O. c. «3, 
 a. 1 , Re Paton, 4 Gr. 147 ; Te Hawkiiw, 3 P.R. 239. 
 
 withT'"'"T^°" J'*!**' ■"''P"" ""• <=»«■•» ™n only deal 
 and has no power to quash the conviction or warrant The 
 rule passed under Code 892 (see ante p. 7) requirine 
 security to be given does not. therefore, apply to these Z^ 
 ceedings, and no security is necessary. ^ 
 
 tl>, *™^'"' '".Support o! Applloatlon.-An affidavit by 
 the person imprisoned, disclosing groumls upon which the 
 HherthaTh"" "■' ''■™-*io" NS-t be m^de ; unless i 
 affidavlT- R V ^' u '^"'fj^ 'o •« "nable to make an 
 M & W SI- R. R^^'Tp^ t^ Aid. 420; Re Parker, 5 
 Car 11 c 2,' s^.' '' ^" ^ ■*" ^■'^■^- '■ »3' "■ ' ■ =» 
 
 A copy of the warrant under which the person is detainerf 
 
 besh ,,,»,^-";-.-j;^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ZleT hLti? •? ?■ ^'-f/""*"-) >""«t te served on the 
 gaoler himself, if he is there, and not <m the turnkey 
 Huntley v. Luscombe, 2 B. & P. 530. '-"■■■"e^ . 
 
 When a warrant of arrest was issued in Quebec and 
 endorsed iii Ontario, where the defendant was arrested and 
 
 nirZHTr"-'"" "":■" "'•'■'■ ■•' «- '.eM that The 
 "reus t" '""' "" J»™>><--'»". "" application for habeas 
 coipus, to try on affidavits under s. 4 of RSO c 83 the 
 
 hinith, 3 H. & N. 227), nor to make an order under s. .5, the,"^ 
 
s» 
 
 HAIIEAM CORI'IS. 
 
 section:- not applying wlien no prcliininttiy iiuiuny lm» taken 
 Dlaee ; and tliat an eni|uiiy could not be made, in the manner 
 providetl for in Code 752, as to the question of the legality of 
 the arrest, as tliat aection only applies when the habeas corpus 
 is issued in the same province where the warnmt of arrest 
 was issiie<l. the court in Ontario having no authority over a 
 magistrate in QueU^e : H. v. Defries, 25 OR. 0.45. A court 
 or judge in Ontario has no authority over a justice in Quebec 
 to compel him to take any proceedings or hear «-id«ice in a 
 proseention under Can. Cr. Code : K. v. Tamblyn, 25 O.K. (.45. 
 Notice Ol Application.— In criminal cases, notice of 
 aui.licotion for habeas corj.us must he given to the Attorney- 
 General . K. V. Taylor, 7 D, & R. 022, Hurd, 227. the 
 apnlication is by notice of motion to a judge m chambers, and 
 not bv rule nisi, and such rule if made will !«• discharge.1 : 
 R. V. Smith, 24 U.C.R. 4»0. 
 
 The following form of notice may \k used : 
 
 NoTicF. OF Motion roR Writ or Habeas t'oRi-is. 
 
 Id the High Court of Justice. 
 The King, on the inlormation of E.F. sgaiust A.B. 
 Take notice that a motion will be made on behalf of the above-named 
 A B before the presiding Judge in Chamber, at Oagoode Hall, Toronto 
 A.ij. oeiore V F ' ^^j „{ A.D. 19 , at ten o'olock In 
 
 the forenoon, or «o soon thereafter a< the motion ean be heard, whereon 
 you ar? to shew cauae why a Writ of Habea. Corpu. should not i..ue to 
 the keeper of the common gaol of the County of „,.Jr„^. "S 
 
 mK im9 be) directing him to have before a Judge of the High Court of 
 .kSice for Ontario the body of the said A.B., a prl«.»er detained in hi. 
 i,"stody, that the court may cause to be done thereupon what of right 
 and Mcirdlng to law the Court shall see fit to be done, and for a Writ of 
 Certiorari in lid thereof, tor the following among other reaK.ns: 
 
 l-(Slale the .M»o»» and |/ioiin(i» nf appliealion) A«i take notice 
 that in support of such application will be read the affldav.l. of 
 died, and the exhibit, therein referred to. 
 Dated this day of A.I). I'J • 
 
 To the Attorney-General for the 
 Province of Ontario and to E.F., 
 the prosecutor, and to (.'.D., the 
 convicting Magistrate {ttr Justice) . 
 
 Form ol Affidavit.— The form of affidavit for certiorari at 
 p. fi. ,i,ili; may be used, adding the following clause:— 
 
 ■•That the paper writing now shewn to me marked exhibit A to 
 this mv nffidavllt \, a true copy of the warrant of """"■''"''h' ("' '° 
 nporehend) under which I am now confined m «">« «"»'«''? .f'''"' 
 K; in the county gaol of the county of , under 'he s.,d war- 
 
 JSt " (or »» Ike CM ««» b,') and I am not in such custody as n prisoner 
 
 Solicitors for the 
 said A.B. 
 
HAIIEAS cnitlTS. 
 
 3» 
 
 in HBiil gttol under any other warrimt, or otlier tiiithority, or for any 
 otlier cnuie ov matter. 
 
 If tin* wttirant, on its face, <loes not discloHe any ground 
 for thf ilett'iition of the priMoner. nn affidavit in tlu* following 
 form will Iw Hutficient: — 
 
 in the county of 
 
 111 the HikK ('ourt nt .ItiHtice. 
 
 Thi- King ftgahifit A. H. 
 
 I. A. B. of the of 
 
 {oiriiiMttioH) make oath and say:— 
 
 I. I am the above named defendant. 
 
 '2. That tlie paper writing itbewn to me marked e.\hibit " A '' to thifl 
 my uffidavit is a true copy of the warrant of commitment produued to 
 me by the gaoler of the Common Gaol of the County of (nr by the 
 
 wanleii of the Central Prisoo in the city of Toronto, orm il-' ease mag Itf) 
 !iH that under which I am now lield in close custody in Maid gaol ior 
 Central Prison) namely, on the day of A.l>. 19 
 
 ;(. That I am not gnilty ofjthe offence therein mentioned. 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 Tin- affidavit niUHt be entitled as in tlie case of an affidavit 
 for certiorari : See <ivtp, p. 4. 
 
 If the affidavits Hatinfy the court that tliu conimitnient 
 wan clearly without jurisdiction, the prisoner may Ije at once 
 diHcharged on the application for the writ : Re Anthers, 22 
 Q.B.I). 845: sie 15 L.J. Q.B. 235. 
 
 Requisites of Writ. — 'I'he writ must Ije marked in the 
 
 margin, "Pt'V statufum tiuresimo prima Caiii Seciindi 
 Heit'i'*" and nmst be signed (usually in the margin) by the 
 judge wlio grants it. and if not so signed no one is bound to 
 obey it (see 1 and 2 Phil. & M. c. 13, s. 7): 31 Car. II., c. 2, 
 .s. 3 : K. V. Ro<ldam. Cowp. 672 ; R. v. St. Clair, 27 A.B. 308; 
 see also R. v. Arscott, i) O.R. 541; Arscott v. Lilly, 11 O.R. 
 153: Re Hallock, p^r Meredith, C.J., 15 C.L.T. 9; and it 
 must Ih' sealed with the seal of the court: R.S.O. c. 83, s. 2. 
 
 The writ is good without being marked "/«>• stattifum," 
 etc., if it can be supported at common law, which was held 
 not to btf abi-ogated by the statute; Wilson's Case, 7 A. & E., 
 N.S. 9H4: but, f/twfr^, whether the Ontario statute has not so 
 limited the i.s.suance of the writ that it cannot now be issued 
 Jit common law: Re Sproule, 12 S.C.R. 140. 
 
 The person to l)e produced may be designated by his name. 
 
 if known, or if it is unknown or uncertain, bvanv do 
 
 Mon. so as to muk' 
 
 ke kn 
 
 vim i 
 
 n tended. 
 
 icrip- 
 
40 
 
 HABEA8 COBrUH. 
 
 OiiDEii roH Habiai CORI-Da. 
 
 Id thfc High Court of Juittee. * 
 
 Boforo tho Honounblo ) Toeida;, the 
 Ur. JoitiM \ dA; °< 
 
 In Chtmben ) A.D. 19 . 
 
 The King AgAlmt A.B. 
 
 Upon the applieetion of the above named A.B., upon reading the 
 affidavit of the laid A.B. Hied, and a copy of the warrant of commllment 
 marked "A." thereto and upon hearing eonnael for the defendant. 
 
 1. It ia ordered that a writ of Rabeaa Corpui do liaue out of the High 
 Court of Juatlee directed to the keeper of the Common Gaol for the 
 oountj of (or the warden of the Central Priion for the Province 
 
 of Ontario, in the City of Toronto, or an Ikt eant mat **). directing him 
 to have before me (or before a Judite of the High Court of Jnatleo for 
 OnUrio) prealding In Chambers at OeROode Hall, Toronto, forthwith on 
 the receipt of the eaid writ the body of A.B. a prieoner detained In the 
 custody of the eaid keeper of the >ald common gaol (or warden on (»f 
 eaae may be), and that there may be caused to be done thereupon what 
 of right and aecording to law it aball be seen fit to be done. 
 
 Clerk in Chambere. 
 
 To Whom Writ Directed.— The writ must be directed 
 
 to the person in whose custody or povirer the party confined 
 
 or restrained is: R.S.O. c. 83, s. 1. In criminal matters to 
 
 the gaoler, and not to the sheriff, when the prisoner is in gaol : 
 
 Bac. Abr. tit. Hab. Cor. s. 6 ; it should not be directed in the 
 
 disjunctive, e. g., to the sheriff or the gaoler : ill. ; — K. v. 
 
 Fowler, 1 Salk. 293, 350 ; Ld. Raym. 58(i. 
 
 Issue ol Writ. — The writ is issued from the office of the 
 
 registrar of the High Court on pnecipe, which may be endorsed 
 
 on the order as follows: — 
 
 " Required a Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to the within order. 
 
 Dated, etc. ... j . » 
 
 Solicitor for the within named A.B. 
 
 Servioe OJ Writ.— The original writ must be served: 
 R. V. Rowe, 71 L T. 578 ; by delivering it to the person 
 having the custody of the prisoner and to whom it is 
 directed, cr by leav!: g it with a servant or agent of such 
 person at the place where the prisoner is in custody: R.S.O. 
 c. 83, 8. 2. 
 
 Return The officer or person to whom the writ in directed 
 
 mu8t,when service has been made on him.makeareturn: R.S.O. 
 c. 83 ; and the body of the prisoner must be produced with 
 the return, "upon payment or tender of the charges of bring- 
 ing the prisoner, to be ascertained by the judge, and endorsed 
 on the writ, not exceeding 12 pence per mile," and upon 
 
HABEAS CORPl'H. 
 
 41 
 
 ncurity bcin({ ({ivon by the prinoner in hin own bond, for 
 payment of the chargoa of conveyinj; him back to j;aol, if he 
 shall be remanded, and that he will not make any escape by 
 the way: 31 Car. 11., c. 2, 8. 1. A return stating that the 
 prisoner is not produced for want of means is not a good 
 return: R. v. Reno, 4 P.R. 281; »ee Ex p. Martins, Itowl. 
 P.C. 1114. 
 
 The court could, on consent of the prisoner, dispense with 
 his attendance on the argument of a writ of error: Richards 
 V. The Queen (18»7), 1 Q.B. 874; and the court may now, 
 and usually does, dispense with his attendance on habeas 
 corpus, on the consent of his solicitor, endorsed on the writ, 
 as follows: — 
 
 *' I hsraby diipense with prodaetiOD of the body of tbe within Dsmed 
 A.B., In pnrausnoe of tho within writ. 
 
 Ostwl, oto. 
 
 E.F., 
 Solleitor for tho Mid A.B." 
 
 FoBM OF Kecoonizance to Gaoler. 
 Know all men by then presenti that I, A.B., of tho of 
 
 in the County of (oampatim) em held end 
 
 Urmly bound onto , keeper of 
 
 the Common OmI of the Connty of , In tbe anm 
 
 *•' for which sum 
 
 to be well and truly paid I bind myieif, my beire. exeeutore and admtnle* 
 tratort, by tbeie preaenti. 
 
 Sealed with my seal and dated this day of 
 
 A.D. ig . 
 
 Whereas I am now eonfined as a prisoner in the Common Gaol of tbe 
 County of and a Writ of Habeas Corpus has been 
 
 issued by the High Court of Justiee for Ontario to inquire into tbe cause 
 of my detention directed to the said gaoler. 
 
 Now tbe condition of this obligation Is such that if I shall well and 
 truly pay or cause to be paid to the said gaoler, upon demand, the charges 
 of carrying me haolc to said gaol, if I shall be remanded on the said 
 Habeas Corpus, and if I shall not escape by tbe way either in going to or 
 returning from the place where 1 am to be produced under the said 
 Habeas Corpus, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise the same is 
 to remain in full force and virtue. 
 
 (8d.) 
 
 [Seal.] 
 
 The return must be in writing, signed by the party to whom 
 the writ is directed, stating the time and cause of the caption 
 and detention of the prisoner : R. v. St. Clair, 27 A.R. 308 ; 
 and his production before the court, or, if the prisoner be not 
 produced, then the reasons for not producing him : Hurd, 
 235; see Bamardo v. Fnnl (1892), A.C. 326; Bamardo v. 
 McHugh, 61 L.J.Q.B. 721 : l.i Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law 19.5. 
 
42 
 
 HAHEAS UOKPt'S. 
 
 Till- orii^iittl warrant under whicli tliti prinunur in detained 
 aliould Ik attaclic'il Ui tlie return : a copy in not HuHicient : Ke 
 Cannicha.'!, 10 C.LJ. 326 ; Re Roan, U PH. 301, not followed. 
 
 The law rei{uirefl certainty in the HtatcnientH of the facta: 
 Wataon'M caw. !• A. ii K. 731 ; nee l)ouden'« c».«, ib. 2»4: 
 Naah'i. caw ih. 21(5 ; Be Parker, 5 M. <i W. 32. A return 
 which on itn face in auibitruoUH In latl ; R. v. Holx-rta, 2 F. 
 It V. 272. As to the form of return, we R. v. McDearniid, lit 
 (• I-.T. 3211. 
 
 If the iwmon CDntined w too weak, or too much derant;eil 
 to l)e l>roU);ht into court, it is a (food n'tuni : R. v. \V..){ht, 
 2 Bnrr. 101)11; R. v. Turlinjfton, N Burn 111.5: or il danger- 
 ouxly Mick : Hurd, 2411. In »uch caacn an order may be made 
 gi\ inj; accew to the prisoner detained ; hut only to jwraims 
 who have some pretentions to tieuiand it : R. v. Clark", 3 
 Burr. 1302. 
 
 AtfidavitH by pliyaicianN or other witiHfactory proofs 
 should lie produced to satisfy the court of the correctneaa of a 
 return that a prisoner is too sick to be producwl ; Hurd, 24(t. 
 
 The consequences of an evasive return are fully exempli- 
 Hed in the leading ease of Buller v. Winton, 5 T.R. 89 ; see 
 also R. V. fSuddis, 1 East, 300 ; Ex p. Krans, 1 B. & C. 258 ; 
 Re Parker, 5 M. «i W. 32 ; Wotson's ctt.se, !) A. & E. 731 ; 
 R. V. Richards, 6 Q.B. 026 ; Ex p. Bcssett, Q.B. 481 ; R. v. 
 Roberts, 2 F. & F. 272 ; Be Mathews, 12 Ir. R.C.L. 241 ; 
 R. v. Jivckson (1801), 1 Q.B. 671. The return need not be 
 veritied bv affidavit : Watson's case, 9 A. & E. 731. 
 
 Form or Keturm to Habus Cobpui, 
 
 By virtue of the withiD Order, I, G.H., Keeper of the Common Oaol 
 Rt in Rnd for the County of do hereby return to the 
 
 Honourable Hr. .luatice (or, to the High Court of Justice for 
 
 OntRrio: or at (he fFrit directs) that A. B. ia a prisoner in the County Oaol 
 at aforesaid under and by virtue of a Warrant of Commitment 
 
 which is hereto annexed, and that the said A.B. was committed to the 
 said Common Gaol under and by virtue of the said WarrRnt on the 
 dRy of A.D. 19 , and the said A.B. is now detained in the said 
 
 Common Gaol by virtue of the said Warrant and for no other cause or 
 reason whatsoever (or (M the cane may fie, tet"ng out any other tcarranta of 
 tielention). 
 
 Itated Rt 
 
 this 
 
 day of 
 
 A.I>. 19 . 
 
 (Signed) G H , 
 
 Keeper of the sRid Common GroI. 
 
 Note. — When the production of the Ixxly of the prisoner 
 has not iM'cn dispensed with by an endorsement on the 
 
HAHEAH rOKI'f.H, 
 
 *H 
 
 In tliat I'ttect liy tlie Nolicitor fur ilii. prinonur, a 
 til .V ndilwl to tliu .ilmvi' f.inii Hlatiiij; Hint 
 
 writ 
 i-Ihii> 
 
 thf l»j<ly of th.' priMoiifi- in pireliiii . I . in- if, for any BiitHcirnt 
 ri'iumii. till' prinoiicr rnimot or hIioiiM not In' priHlucod. «Ute 
 that fai't. niiij gh,- fully ami [larlii'iilarly tlio russoiw for the 
 «aiii.', an, foi' iimtaiicc, that the prinoiiiTM cam' coinw witliin 
 till- ixiTpti.m in ulausc 1 of R.S.O. ,-. S3. A return iiiunt be 
 iiinili' in'ii if till' iHjrnoii lian Ih'i'm ii'li-aMwl from ciistoilv l>y 
 th.- |»iNi.ii ilotaiiiiii^ liiiii : R. v. (iaviii, I'l .Inr :12!I ; ami the 
 iiuiKiKMiliility of proiluciiij; th. party in olniliciicf to the writ 
 iti a sutficiiiil return, the writ iKiil); remeilial ami not puna- 
 tive: see Barniirdo v, Koiil (lH!ii>i, A.C. :)i(i, over-rulinu 
 K V llarimnlo, 21) i^.H.\>. ;)()5. 
 
 Hut the return in »ucli ea» nt ntate ilistimtly anil 
 
 uiie.|uivocally why it is not oUyed with the facts shewing 
 the reason therefor: R, v. Wimon, 3 TR, Hi). 
 
 The return ne«l not lie verified hy atfidu\ it ; hut may lie 
 BO fortilied if defwtive, or the facts lire iMsutficiiiitlv stated ■ 
 R. V. Rolierts. 2 F. & F. 272. 
 
 When Return to be Made.— The return must Ih- made 
 niiinediatcly : R,S.(>. c. 83, s. 1. By 31 Car. II ,c. 2, s. 2, tlie 
 time for making the return is limited acconling U) the 
 distance, not excceiling twenty day.s. 
 
 Delay may be allowed if for gooil eausi- shewn K v 
 Clarke, 3 Burr. 1302. 
 
 It is not indisjuiisablc that the person niakiii); the return 
 should himself atteiirl with the prisoner: Re Hakewoll 22 
 Eng. L. and E(|. 3il5 ; 1 2 C B. 223. 
 
 To Whom Hade.— As to whom the return is to be made, 
 see R.S.O. c S3 s. 1, inite [1. 33. 
 
 Amending: Return.— Before the retmn is tiled, any 
 defect may be amended, at the peril of the officer: Anon. 1 
 Mod. 103: but after the return is tiled, it becomes a record 
 of the lourt, and cainiot lie amended : .sec 1 Mod. 102 : with- 
 out leave of the court: Re Clarke, 2 A. & E. X. S. (il9: 
 2 I^.B. (ilfl; R. V. Batcheldor, 1 K & 1). SKi : Watson's ease 
 9 A. \- K. 731 : R. v. Wixon. « LJ.y.B. 12(». 
 
 Return — How Enforced.— Any person who wilfully 
 neglects or refusi's Ui make u return or jiay obedience to the 
 writ is deen:ed guilty of contempt of court, and the court or 
 judge, upon prixif by affidavit of wilful disobedience, may 
 
44 
 
 HAktAK iimn'M. 
 
 iiune a wirranl for apprvhenilinK anil briii|{in){ betori! tin- 
 court or jud)^. the pnmnn no diM))it-yiiig, to tli« eiid that he 
 may bo bouiitl ovur in two iiurvtiea to appear in court at a 
 (lay mentioned to answer the contempt : K.M.( }. c. N.I, m. 2. 
 
 If he refuflea or nij^Iecta tu become bound, he may be 
 couimitteil to j(aol until he becomeH bound or in diiicharK«d : 
 R.S.O. c. N3, a. ». 
 
 ProOMdlnff tor Contampt. An application tucniiimit 
 will not be entertaitifl except on notice to the ])arty, infonn- 
 mg him of the couHequenceH nf failure to oljey : R. v. Hal- 
 loclc, 16 C.LT. ». 
 
 On motion to commit, an aHidavit of wrvice of the writ 
 Ih rei|uired, and of xearch in the proper ufHco, and that no 
 return lioa been tiled : or if an innumcient return has been 
 made, an affidavit ahewiu); that fact and vorifyin); a copy of 
 the return: Ex. p. Harrimn, 2 8ni. 408; K. v. Winton, H 
 T.R H« ; B. V. Oavin, 1.5 Jur. 329 ; R. v. Banianlo, 23Q.B.U. 
 ■M!i: 24 Q.B.U 283. 
 
 Contradletlnr the Raturn.— Although the return in 
 good and HuHlcient in law, the court or a judge, before whom 
 the writ w returnable, may examine into the truth of the 
 facta set forth by affidavit or other evidence : R.S.(). c. 83, h. 
 4. And a judge in chamberH hoa power to refer the matter 
 to the court: R v. Reader, 1 Stra. 531; Re Taumer, 1.5 
 L. & M. c. 140. It may be aliewn on affidavit that the person, 
 or one of the peraona, who signed the warrant waa not a duly 
 qualified juatice of the peace : R v. Boyle, 4 P.R. 256 ; aee 
 post, "Appointment and Qualification of Justices"; and see 
 Ex p. Beeching, 4 B. & C. 136; Re Crawford, !:) Q.B. 813 ; 
 R v. Douglaaa, 12 L.J. Q.B. 4!) ; Ex p. Mainville. (Que.) I 
 t;an. Cr. Cos. 528. 
 
 Notlea of Applleatlon tor Dlsoharga. — I'pun aervipg 
 the writ of habeas corpus a notice of application for the dis- 
 charge of the prisoner must be aerved on the Attorney- 
 General in criminal matters. 
 
 NoTicK or Motion n)R Discharor. 
 
 In tbe Fligb Court of Juitice. 
 
 The King afirsinit A.B. 
 
 Take notice that ( if short notice of n*otio» is In be given , iuM, by special 
 leave of the Honourable Mr. Justice this day Kiven), an appli- 
 
 cation will be made before the preaidinf; Judge in Chambers at Oegoode 
 Hall, Toronto, on day, the day of A.D. Ill , or so 
 
HAHEAH roHI't'N. 
 
 4A 
 
 MMB tbaVMfUr M th« BOlloD «KD b» mad*, for tba diwlMrffa ol th* Mid 
 A.B. from lb* Commoo GkoI of tli» County of (or tin tkt eatt mm$ 
 
 hf) upon lh« ratnro of th« Writ of llatwnt Corpua tti< \»y iHUad 1b 
 imnusne* of tb* ordsr of Mr. •'uitlee , dirtc^ . -:.ft KMp«r of 
 
 tfa* OmmoD ilmoi (or tu fA« nu*: ma^ br) of tha Couni'< ' i to bavo 
 
 bafor* on* of tba Judgaii of tba Hi([b ('ourt of Juatku r. < OMtdH" ''" 
 bodj of tba aaid A.B. now in euatody under tba Wtr- U't i.i 'tnitniltM t.l 
 iaa.-ad In paniiane* of a «onv|p||on mad* \<y •'.(', t-'-ii-n. I'ltlea 
 Msvlitrata (or, a JuatioH of tba l>» for thf ft fur 'jit 
 
 tba »ld A.B. at tha of In tba ro> r .f <•„ it.# 
 
 day at A.l). ID , did unlawfully (in^rr' ■ • ,l,ur tr n^ if. H ,■,.- 
 
 rirUoH or itarra»l). And taka notlea that In i<ii(ii>'i.i r>f aiirti ippl, '.i» i 
 will ba raad tba aflldavlta of and and tl "< evuitiiH 'ht t.ii 
 
 rafarrad to and tba ratuni to tba tiald Wrii '>f llahivv t: .rpi.* .'J to 
 tba Writ of Cartlorarl Iiauad In aid ibarw>f. 
 
 Dated at 
 To 
 
 thia 
 
 day of 
 
 A.l'. irt 
 
 Tbt Attorney -Gone nil for 
 tba ProTiofla of Ontario. 
 
 Tba Proaaeutor. 
 
 Sidllcii It 'or lue 
 >nid \.B. 
 
 The HMtring. — On the return to habeoH corpun th« 
 prinoner'ti eouniwl moved that it Ite Hied, and that the prisoner 
 be brouf^ht into court and then procecdii with the application 
 for discharge. The court, although the return in good in law, 
 may proceed to examine the truth of the facta set forth in it by 
 affidavit or other evidence, and may order and determine 
 touching the discharging, bailing, or remanding the prisoner : 
 RS.O. c. 83. 8. 4. 
 
 Habeas corpus does not apply to mere irregularities or 
 errors. It is the proper remedy, only, when the proceeding is 
 void, and not merely voidable ; and in the latter case, the 
 remedy is by certiorari and motion to tjuash the proceeding. 
 
 The court will, under the Ontario statute, examine the 
 proceedings including the evidence to Hee if they authorize 
 the detention, and if insufficient, will discharge the prisoner: 
 Ex p. Beebe, 15 L.T. 235 ; and see 17 C.L.T. 18. So, if the 
 constable made an untrue return of no goods to a warrant of 
 distress the court will discharge the prisoner from custody 
 under a warrant issued on such return: Ex p. Kirkpatrick, 
 32 N.B.R. 187. The court will discliarge the prisoner if the 
 evidence taken on a preliminary emjuiry, and brought up on 
 certiorari, doew not appear sufficient to warrant his commit- 
 ment for trial : R. v. Mosier, 4 P.R. 04, in which cawe the 
 subject of jurisdiction on habeas corpus was fully discussed. 
 If there is any evidence u|>on which the magistrate may con- 
 vict, he is the judge of its weight, and the court will not 
 
46 
 
 HABEAS OOHITS. 
 
 rehear the case, or wit in appeal fmin hiH ileeisioii : R. v. St. 
 (Mair, 27 A.R. p. SIO; R. v. (Jille.spie. (Que.) 1 Can. Vr. fas.. 
 p. 561. See also tlie eases cited nnte p. 20, " Certiorari." 
 
 The court will not (luestion the Justice's decision on tlie 
 weight of the cvirlence, nor sustain objections to the justices 
 conduct of the case : R. v. Munm, 24 U.C.R. 44. 
 
 Atfidavits were received to shew that a pix'liniinary 
 inquiry took place on Sunday, and that I^ein^ shewn, and 
 such proceeiling being a judicial act and void (Re Cooper. 4 
 P.R. 256 ; and see pmt, "Sundays and Holidays ") the prisoner 
 was discharged: Rti Cavelier (Q.B. Man., Taylor, ('..(.). 16 
 C.L.T. 351). 
 
 By the provisions of tlie curative clauses of the t'liniinal 
 Code, many defects which formerly invalidat'cd convictions 
 and warrants of magistrates and justices will not now do 
 so; and powers of amendment are given to the courts 
 before which such proceetHngs are (juestioned : see Code, 
 800, 808, as to convictions and warrants oi. sunnnary 
 trials before magistrates; and Code 846, H^V) 889, 890 
 (amended by the Criminal Code Amendment Act, 1000, 65 
 Vict., c. 46) as to convictions and warrants by justices. 
 These, and the convictions under them, and as to the powers 
 of magistrates and justices to return amended convictions 
 and warrants, and of the courts as to amendments, under 
 Code 88J), are fully discussed in the previous pages tin the 
 subject of certiorari and motions to quash proceedings, tnil>\ 
 p. 19 et tteq., and what is there stated applies in these 
 respects to proceedings on habeas corpus; see also R. v. 
 Phipps, 11 W.R. 730: Ex p. Dauncey, H Jur. 829: Kx p. 
 Welsh, 4 Rev. de Jur. 437; R. v. Reno, 4 P.R. 281 : Ex p. Cross. 
 2 H. & N. 354. 
 
 The prisoner will not be discharged in the case of a 
 defective warrant of commitment, if a conviction is reciU;d. 
 the court assuming it to be a valid one : R. v. Roper, 1 I). & R. 
 156 ; R. V. Taylor, 7 D. & R. 622; but the warrant must refer 
 to a conviction, so as to give notice of it to those concerned : 
 then both will be read together, and if the conviction justifies 
 the warrant, it is sufficient: Daniel v. Phillips, 5 Tyr. 293: 
 but if both are defective the prisoner will be discharged, 
 unless the evidence sustains the conviction: see Code 889. 
 
 If the commitment is bad the prosecutor is the party to 
 produce the conviction and evidence, with a view to amentl- 
 
lUHEAS ((HM'I'S. 
 
 47 
 
 imiit: !iy,K. »-2,m,U-. „n.l this li,. ™n .lo by applyii,.' in 
 time to bniiK them into court « iivii tlu- prisoner is broi7i;ht 
 up : HOC />o«(, p. M). It is for thow who allege the conviction 
 to be (Jiflerent from the recital of it. in the commitment to 
 hnnRit into court. I'rinui fiinr it is as so recite^.!: Kx p 
 Keynolds. « Jur. lt»2; Arscott v. Lillv. 11 OH 1.5:) 14 \K 
 
 207; HeTims.m, L.K. 5 Kxch. 257. ' 
 
 The comniitnient must state a eoiivietiim over which the 
 magistrate had juri.s<liction, ami it will not Ik- presumed ■ see 
 Arscott V. Lilly, u O.K. 1.53; K. v. Kent, H Jur '71 R 
 V. Kennedy, 1 1 Man. R. 3;)8. 
 
 Effect of Discharge.— By «. li of ;il Car. II., no pei-son 
 discharsed on l,al)eas corpus shall he af;ain imprisoned or 
 committed for the same offence, other than by lc.ral pr,«.ss 
 or onler of the court wherein he is Unml by recognizance lo 
 appt'ar, or other court liavinj; jurisdiction of the caase This 
 section has no application to a case in which the |)ers<,n wa.s 
 confined uniler a warrant in execution : Hunt.r v. (iilkinson 
 7 O.K. (35; nor to the ease of a person dLscdmi-ijed from a 
 commitment for trial, for defects in the procwdiiifp. ; but only 
 to prevent a prisoner, who has l)een committeil for trial and 
 bailed under habeas cor])UH, from l),iii}r ic-arrested for the 
 same offence, except by process or onler of llu- c(Mirt wherein 
 he was bound under such bail to ajip-^ar : Attornev-fieneral 
 v. Kwok-a-Sing, L.R. 5 P.C. 17i). 
 
 The court, on habea.s corpus pioeeedingK, nuu- make mi 
 order in any caw for the further iletention of the aceuse-d 
 and direct the .justice to take any proceedings, hear such 
 evidence and do such further act, as in the opinion of the 
 court, may best further the ends of .justice: Co<lo 752. 
 
 Under this section the accused may be sent back for 
 further evidence to be taken before the .justice, or to be dealt 
 with by a fresh warrant of commitment or otherwi.se. 
 
 In Ai-scott V. Ijlly, U OR. 1.53, Wilson, C.J., decided 
 that when a prisoner had siTved a ixirtion of the imprison- 
 ment under conviction, and had lieen relea.scd on bail pending 
 appeal, and was afterwards discharged on habeas corpus for 
 invalidity of the warrant; and a second warrant having 
 been issueil for the full period originally awarded, without 
 deducting the time previously served in gaol, the warrant 
 was valid, as the time so served might iv endorsed upon the 
 warrant or otherwise provided for. 
 
48 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. 
 
 If the return to habeas corpus shews a valid commitment, 
 the court will not inquire when it was lodged with the 
 gaoler, or whether there was a previous invalid commitment. 
 So a valid commitment may be lodged with the gaolor, in 
 place of an invalid one, even after Habeas corpus has been 
 served, and thus defeat the writ : Charter v. Qraenie, 13 Q.B. 
 216 ; Chaney v. Payne, 1 Q.B. 712 ; Re Plunkett, 1 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 365 ; R v. House, 2 Man. R. 58 ; see also Ex p. Cross, 
 2 H. & N. 354; Re Fell, 15 LJ.M.C. 25 ; Re Marks, 3 East, 
 57 ; Re Anderson, 20 U.C.R. 162 ; Ex p. Pap, 1 B. & Aid. 
 568; R. v. Gordon, 1 B. & Aid. 572. 
 
 In R. V. Richards, 5 Q.B. 926, Denman, C.J., said : " It is 
 impossible not to see that there is a good warrant under 
 which the party may lawfully be detained." 
 
 Obder Discharqimo Pbisoner on Habeas Corpus. 
 
 I" the High Court of Justice. \ 
 
 The Honourable I 
 
 Mr. Justice [ 
 
 In Chambers, j 
 
 or (if the application is to the Court) 
 
 The Honourable t day, the day 
 
 The Chief Justice of , A.U. 19 . 
 
 The Honourable I 
 
 Mr. Justice f 
 
 The Honourable 1 
 
 Mr. Justice / 
 
 The KiDg t. A.B. 
 
 1. Upon the application of the above-named A.B., upon reading 
 the Writ of Habeas Corpus issued herein or the day of 
 
 A.D. iS , and the return made thereto by , Keeper 
 
 of the Common Gaol for the County of (or, as the case may be,) 
 
 the Writ of Certiorari, issued on the said last •mentioned day, in aid of the 
 said Writ of Habeas Corpus. Upon reading the information, conviction 
 and proceedings returned by , Esquire, Police Magistrate (or 
 
 Justice of 'the Peace) for the of , in compliance with 
 
 the said Writ of Certiorari upon reading the affidavits of and 
 
 the exhibits therein referred to, and upon hearing counsel for the Crown 
 (and for the private prosecutor) and for the said A.B. 
 
 2. It is ordered that the said A.B. be, and he is hereby discharged, 
 out of the custody of the said , the Keeper of the said Common 
 Goal, {or, as the ease may be,) as to his commitment made by the said 
 
 , Esquire, Police Magistrate (or Justice of the Pence), afore- 
 said, on the information of for that (sel out the rharge, as in the 
 eommitment,) in so far as the said A.B. is held under the said warrant, 
 and that this order be sufficient authority to the said Keeper of the said 
 Common Oaol for the discharge of the said A.B. 
 
 ( Seal of 1 
 \ Court, f 
 
 Clerk in Chumbera. 
 Kej^istrar. 
 
iiAriEA.s (diir.i-s. 
 
 40 
 
 Costs.— CoBte iiiay be orderwl ,,„ ,• • 
 
 liabeaa corpuH, but thJ Km„ V " "PP"'™''"'" lor 
 
 exercised in ext,4„ ca.s^ if " T""' •='""^- ^''^W ""Iv be 
 
 2Q.B. 173; R. v;Lld^";'T; .,' I'J r/on?; ''r'' 
 Jones, (1894) 2 OH 'iRo' v ' ' *' ' 'i-B- 453: R. v. 
 
 (1««4) 2 Q.B. 380: Re Fisher mm, ';-.,""'™'' "''■ L"- 
 
 Nova Scotia, were made under th^' '"^ * ™"'» K"le», 
 Superior Courts ot crin ,",a, uri T?"' "■"^"""'^ "" "'« 
 provinces, by the Don^'sra"":', /"nire 40" ,C ',t ™™"" 
 
 oro',!S''i?'?h?'rrS'?''"''--^^'''-''''''''«'''i'y. 
 validity or invalidit^ S t " " a.™;; T* '''■'""'' "P"" "'« 
 conviction or the sutLienc o " , * "* "'"" *'"" "' ""^ 
 it will be necessaryla 1;^ ';;?"*"'"':"=•'''* ""' '■"''"«■•'=■ 
 proof lies, to brin,^ up .use ni^"" ,"'""" "'" '"'"'"> "< 
 
 certiorari n«y be ohtaiL;r;\C;'naruri''"H " ""' °' 
 as provided by R .S O e j,/ ""1""^ Party for that purpose, 
 
 writ of habeas corpus mav be' l^r T'"™" in aid of the 
 
 tl- latter writ: orT, Z^ t XfJ"' "' "'^' '^""- ^ - 
 
 i« then heard upon tl" hahel? ""' '""^^•"•"' ""^^ "ise 
 
 brought up on ZioZi^'^^T)^^^ the proceedings 
 .Strange,!)]] note ] ■ H v \l \ .% ' ^^'' 1-". 'i!'-' 2 
 
 corp„.C-p;oce«;C a;.l\;^';tn a^'l- "'■ " ""■■ ''"^^-^ 
 •nent. it will be neces«,rv for T •"'™"' "' '■•'"'""it- 
 
 eertiorari, in suffi "rti ne o ba'^'.T"''™', '" ""^^""•■P"- ''-V 
 tion brought into court when t ' "■":'™'^<' ""^ '^"■"ic- 
 
 thewritof habeasc"rpul lor he''"™*"'"" " '"""«'" "P "" 
 application for the prilonel-s dii) „r ".'Y ""' "''J™'"' ''"■ 
 on the suggestion that th« " '"* *" , "'"' ''"'"" '"■"' "' f-'""'. 
 son. L.H. 5 Ex. 257 ' " "°°'' ""viction : Re Tin,- 
 
 m the High Court of .Justice 
 
 The King on the iutormation of C. I), again,! A B 
 
 B. "b„le^°n°a™e°d"?StV";;<;;'e'„;;i'r r^"'r'"'''»- "«-•) <- Of A 
 Oaol Of the County of '""l""'' '" "'!"■> ""sl-dy in ii,e Comn,,?,; 
 
 of Habeas Corpus having been issii.rt .„ i ■ '°' """ il»y filed, and a Writ 
 helore a .Tudge ot this Court ° ■"'"« ""■ "»''? »' thi ,aid A B 
 
 -|»^i^o"pJ::io-:-'j's^Si-^---. 
 
50 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS. 
 
 H the certiorari ia applied for at the same time aa the 
 writ of habeas corpus, botli may be inserted in one order. 
 
 No notice under the statute of Geo. II., nor any recogniz- 
 ance is required on issuing certiorari in aid of habeas corpus : 
 B V Nunn, 10 P.R. 395. 
 
 Custody Pending Argument- The writ of habeas 
 corpus supersedes all other processes under which the party may 
 be detained, conseiiuently, on the return of the writ, and pro- 
 duction of the body of the person detained, he is in the custody 
 of and subject to the order of the court to which the return 
 is made, and he may be bailed de die in diem, or remanded to 
 any gaol under the control of the court. He may be brought 
 before the court, from time to time, by its order until the 
 matter is finally disposed of : R. v. Bethel, 5 Mod. 19. 
 
 Appeal.^A person who has been brought before the 
 court or a judge on habeas corpus, and is remanded to 
 custody, upon the original warrant of commitment or by 
 virtue of any warrant, order or rule of such court or judge, 
 may appeal from the judgment to the Court of Appeal. The 
 writ, the return thereto, the affidavits, depositions, evidence, 
 conviction, and other proceedings, are thei certified by the 
 proper officer (the Registrar or Clerk in cha- ibers), under the 
 seal of the court, to the Court of Appeal, which is required to 
 hear and determine the matter without formal pleadings: 
 R.S.O. c. 83, s. 6. 
 
 If the Court of Appeal determines that the restraint is 
 illegal, the fact must be certified by such court under seal to 
 the" person having the custody or charge of the person con- 
 fined or restrained, and order his immediate discharge, and he 
 shall be discharged accordingly : ili. 
 
 The right of appeal must be exercised in the manner 
 provided by the statute, and therefore an appeal from a judge 
 in chambers must lie to the Court of Appeal ; Re Harper, 23 
 O.R. 03 ; Taylor v. Scott, 30 O.R. 475. 
 
 Tlie statute 29-30 Vict., c. 45, substituted the right of 
 appeal, in habeas corpus cases, for successive applications from 
 court to court : Re Hall, 8 A.R. 135. 
 
 Supreme Court.— The Supreme Court of Canada has, as 
 regards habeas corpus in criminal matters, only concurrent 
 jurisdiction with the judges of the Superior C'ourts of the 
 various provinces and not an appellate jurisdiction ; aud tlieri^ 
 
HABEAS COHIMS. 
 
 SI 
 
 12 S.C.R. 111; Re U.i;r,2TsCR GSO R , -nT"''"' 
 «,i,662; Ex p. Maedonald 27 S C K 683 R. >^ ^"^''.' 
 
 , An application to quash a writ of l,aJ».<, „„ 
 
 cou:^"^:^p^^^ i^.^,r ^^'"^ '" "- «"p-- 
 .™iS^ifS:i;:S"ofi<^i:t^ :t^ ^'-^-^-^ ^°-' ^» 
 
 dpcisiona p;fh„r 1 J^ ^ "PP"*' f™'" magistrates' 
 
 Tr^l^nl'X;''^ ™^- °f ''^■■""™" o' •-•«- eo^us : Re 
 
ss 
 
 HABEAS COBPUS. 
 
 Appeals to Privy Counon.-Co<le 751 prohibits any 
 appeal in any criminal proceeding from any court in Lanada 
 to the Privy Council. 
 
 It wa» said in Falkland I« Co. v. The Queen (1 Moo. 
 PC' N S 312), that " it ^uay h,. Bwiuined that the Queen has 
 authority by virtue of her preroijative, to review the decisiuns 
 of all colonial couits, whether the proceedings Ih' of a civ.l or 
 criminal character, unless Her Majesty has paitid with sucl. 
 autliority." , 
 
 It may well be (|uerttiolied, therefore, whether th' ode 
 751 is not iiltm rim of the Ciniadiiiii parliament. 
 
 In the same case it was further stated, " that the incon- 
 venience of entertaining such appeals, in cases of a strict y 
 criminal nature, is so great, the obstruction which it W" iia 
 offer to the administration of jUMtice is s<j obvious, that it is 
 very rarely that applications to this Board have been atten.leil 
 by success." 
 
 It this siKition of the Criminal Code should lie held to be 
 ultra vim. the Privy Council will not grant leave to appea 
 in criminal cases, unle.ss it is shewn that by a disregari ol 
 the forms of legal pn^ess, or by some violation ot lie 
 principles of natural justice, or otlierwise s.,„r. ™ «'"'";'' 
 and grave injustice has lieeii done ■. see tx p. Ihllet, L.K, 
 !■) AC 450 in which leave to appeal was nhowe.! . 
 re'-atfirnied in Ex p. Carew, (1897) A.C. 719, in which it was 
 refuaevl. 
 
 Rules o! C0Urt.-The High Court is authorized to ...ak,. 
 rules: ll.S.O. e. «3, s. «; (see s. 533 Cr. Code). No rues 
 have been made under this section. The rules made under 
 the Ontario Judicature Act do not affect procedun- m 
 criminal matters: Con. R. 4 ; see also s. 191 of the Act. 
 RSO c. 51 : R. V. Eli, 13 A.R. 526; R. v. ( ushing, it> A.K. 
 •248 As to what are "criminal matters," the t*st under the 
 section of the English Act, which is almost identical witli the 
 fthove s 101, was held to be whether it is a matter m tin' 
 result oi which the party may be fined or imprisoned: .Va- 
 nian v. Burlev, (1896) 2 Q.B. 344; R. v. Fletcher, 2 Q.B.I) 
 at p 47 In" the latter case the term," criminal proeeeciing 
 was held to include prcKeedings in the High Court in respect 
 of matters before justices and nmgistrates : «''; " "' ^ \, 
 t\ntral Cr. Court. 18 Q.B.D. 314 ; E.v p. hchotield, (18!'l I 1 
 Q.B. 428; E.\ p Bowman, 22 L.R Ir. 334. 
 
HABEAS conn's. 
 
 S3 
 
 And an application by a party to u civil suit against a 
 
 '"' S C R ? r :■' " "^'""i " •:,'* •'■' ■■ ^"'' - The Queen, 
 .- h-t R. 7 ,lwtingui8lun^. R. v. Bainarrjo, r.iQ.b.D. 305 thj 
 
 t!rto™w''^'''f "' ""• '''"""■'" ™- the proceeii'.^ 
 «,,.re to onforce obe.|u.„c,, to an onl,.,- „„„i.. a^ain^t tl>e mrU 
 tottc.v,l«nt; wh.le i„ tl,e case „f Eliis v Tl.o Ouee.f „e 
 ongn,aI p.-oceeding ,va» for a "pnnitiv,. purpose^ A p™ 
 •ee,l„.g to recover a pe.nalty for tl.e infraetio.roF a staf«7e 
 isa mnnnal matter: (Southport v. Hi.rk.lalu, 7.i LT 318 
 O KU 'ii«"'p """S "," "r """"•" '""■'"■ "ee Ke Hardwick, 12 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 Prohibition will - granted by the High Court, »s a 
 matter of prerogati . at any time and in any cane, to restrain 
 an inferior judicial oliicer from exercising a junsdiction which 
 he does not po«e88 : Re Chapman and London, 19 O.R .« . 
 and that is the proper remedy; Mayor of Undo-, v. I ox, 
 L.R. 2 H.L. 239. 
 
 It is, however, an extreme measure, and is only granted 
 in a very plain case of excess of jurisdiction : R». B'rch. '» 
 C.B. 743; Re Cumniings and County of CarU-ton, ib li.B. 
 607 ; 26 ().R. 1. 
 
 It will be granted where the justice's proceedings are a 
 denial or pervei-sion of right, which is always an excess of 
 jurisdiction; Trimble v. Miller, 22 ().R_ 500; GooU v^Hope, 
 20 A.R. 347 ; R. v. Local Oovi. Board. 10 Q.RD. -121 Re 
 Hickson and Wilson, 17 CLT. 303. 
 
 ''or instance, a defendant having bwn servwl with sum 
 mo,, '-lost immediately beton. the trial, and the ,ustice 
 havint ..iused to adjourn, the piwceding was held to be ni 
 denial of right and contrary to natural .i""'"'''- ■""• .f . '" 
 excess of jurisdiction; R. v. Eli. 10 O.K 727 ; R. v. Mabce 
 17 O.R. 194; R. v. Smith, LR. 10 Q.B. 604. 
 
 Prohibition will not be granted as a means of review or 
 appeal, but only to keep the inferior court within the limits 
 of ito jurisdiction, from which it has departed, or >8 abo"' *» 
 depart; Hudson's Bay Company, etc. v. Jo»ette. 23 &.C.K. 
 415. , 
 
 It will not be granted to remedy an illegahty m procedure 
 merelv, unless it amounts to an excess of junsdKtion ; K. v 
 Mayo;- of London, 69 L.T. 721 ; or violates some fundamental 
 principle of justice, per Lush, J., in Martin v. Mackonaehie, 
 3 Q.B.D. p. 739. 
 
 So it will not be granted for refusal to hear a witneas. an 
 adequate remedy existing by appeal, or certiorari and mouon 
 to na».h proceedings improperly taken ; and it there is no 
 such appeal, then there is no remedy: Mayor o* Lo""!™' ^ 
 Cox, ffitpr* . Breton v. Landrey, QR. 13 S.C. 31. 
 
PBOHIBITIOS. 
 
 55 
 
 , '' '■'! "?' ^ eP^*^ 'o «<:tify a decision upon a n.Mtor 
 of fact^ within the junsdiction of the justice, however errone- 
 ous : Bar of Montreal v. Houan, Q.R. 8 Q.B. 2() ; R« Field v 
 Wee, 20 O.R 300 ; R. v. Cuneity, 2« (XR. 51 ; S^aupt v 
 Desnoyers, Q.R. U 8.C. 541 ; R. v. Mcintosh, 17 C.LT 107 
 nor the mis-construction of a statute; if tl,e ju.Htice does not 
 ™"»y """K'y 8>" Wniself juriwliction : Elston v. Rose, 
 UK. 4t|J.B. 4; R. V. .ludgcof Lincolnshiii., 20O.B,l) 167 Re 
 S?°?. B°'°„»V"°- '■ A",'!'''-"""' IS A.R 401 ; Re Vr v. Evans, 
 JO O.R. «,J7: nor fo. he erroneous .leteniiination of a 
 MUestionof law or fact within the ofliccrs jurisdiction: Re 
 thisholm and Dakville, 12 A.R. 225. 
 
 If the officer has jurisdiction over the subject matter 
 proh.hitwn does not lie upon the ^ixjund that he may have 
 
 in«<V a mistake in the manner of exercisinir it K v I 1 K..ni 
 «4 Q.B.D. 181. * ■»>•>. J. rum, 
 
 But a justice's decision, not only on a matter of law but 
 on a matter of fact also, is reviewable on application for 
 prohibition, if ,uch decision is on a matter es.„.ntinl to juris- 
 
 i'» ?;- d'.?.'^ "PO" "t""-*? Ki'ound., : Liver,«x,l v. Everton, 
 lj.K. o t .r. 414. 
 
 After a conviction has been quashed on the ground that 
 the summons was not properly served, a justice has no iuris- 
 duaon to issue another summons on the same infornmtion 
 and rie will be prahibited from doing so: R v Zickrick 11 
 Man. R. 452. ' 
 
 , .'^."^'I*'"™ *'"" ^ granted against the unlawful ewrcise 
 01 judicial functions : but not against merely ministcnaj acts 
 such as improperly issuing a distri'sa warrmnt, if the convic- 
 tion ri valid on Its face, and within the justice ., jurisdiction- 
 R. V. Coursey, 27 O.R. 181. 
 
 ". wiU.'f, granted against any officer attempting to 
 enerciw) judicial (but not ministerial) functions over a person 
 not before him: Re Hickson and Wilson, 17 C.L.T. 308. 
 
 Prohibition lies to a coroner : R. v Hertford 3 E & B 
 115 ; Re Haney v. Mead, 34 C.L.J. 330 
 
 Prohibition will be granted upon the application of a 
 stranger to the proceedings when a justice is clearly exceed- 
 ing his jurisdiction, ae such is a contempt of the Crown ■ 
 Worthington v. Jeffries, L.R. 10 ' 'P. 379 ; Chambers v Oreen' 
 .,; ;, " '^l- *^^' ^'^ Haber v. Portugal, 17 Q.B. n 171 
 Wallace V. Allan LR. 10 C.P fl07. '^ 
 
fit) PROHIHITIIIN. 
 
 It mu8t bu ({raiitod an a matter of rij|[lit, if the total want 
 of jurimiiction appeani on the face of the [jrocfeduigB ; and in 
 tliiit cano no consent or waiver will deprive the applicant of 
 it : FarquharHoii v. Moripin. (1804) 1 QB. S52. But if the 
 want of juriddiction is not apparent, it is discretionary with 
 the court to grant or refuse prohibition ; and it may then 
 be refused if the (frounds of want of jurisdiction were not 
 brought by the applicant before the attention of the justice : 
 Broad v. Perkins, 21 Q.B.I). 533. It, however, the grounds 
 of want of jurisdiction wore brought to the justice's notice, it 
 is the same as if the defect was apparent on the proceedings : 
 Sherwood V. Cline, 17 O.B. 30. 
 
 Taking a step in the procee<Jings is a waiver : Re Jones 
 V. James, 19 LJ. QB. 257. But it i.s not necessary that the 
 applicant should have made pei-sonal objection, and had it 
 over-ruleil: De Habcr v. Portugal, 17 Q.B. 171. 
 
 If any justice who is interested in the subject matter sits 
 on the case, prohibition will be issued against the proceeding; 
 see poKt " Dis<|ualifying Interest. " 
 
 The application for prohibition may be made at the out- 
 set of the proceedings, or at the latest stage if the want of 
 jurisdiction is apparent and there remains anything to 
 prohibit r Re Brazill v. Johns, 24 O.R. 209. 
 
 An appeal is no bar to prohibition : Harrington v. Ram- 
 say, 8 Ench. 879; Re Rochon, 31 O.R. 122; but pending an 
 appeal, prohibition will not be allowed: Wiltsc v. Ward, 
 9 P.R. 218. 
 
 Costa will be allowed to the successful party : McLeod v. 
 Emigh (2), 12 P.R. 503 ; Wallace v. Allan, L.R. 10 C.P. 007 ; 
 R. V. J. J. London nS04), 1 Q.B. 453. 
 
 The application is made to a judge of the High Court in 
 chambers, and nmy ijc appealed to the court, or it may be 
 made to the court in the tirst insUnce, but there is no appeal 
 to the Court of Appeal : B. v. Gushing, 20 A.R. 248. 
 Form or Notice of Motion for Pbohibitios. 
 
 la the High Court of Jnitice. 
 
 In the matter otan information (ni-oomplaiist) before E.P., Esquire, a 
 Jaetiee of the Peace in and for the County of , by A.B. against 
 
 CD., for (««( out the charge). 
 
 Talce notice that a motion will be made on behalf of the above named 
 CD. before the presiding Judge in Chambers at Osgoode Hell, in the 
 City of Toronto, on , the day of , 19 (« ■'>"'!l« 
 
 «(,» on Monrlags and Fridans) , at the hour of 
 
 o'cioclc in the fore- 
 
PROHIBIT II IX, 
 
 ST 
 
 lli.rHn referred to. ' ' "''* °'*" "J"'''""»), "nd tbe .ibibit. 
 
 I>ated thli 
 
 day of 
 
 To lb. .aid A.B., and to 
 t-i; Etquire, tbe lald JuelI.e, 
 
 . A, I), 10 . 
 
 (Signed) 0. H.. 
 
 Nollellor for tlin aaldCI). 
 
 Fork or ArriDAviT ron Proii.bitii>m, 
 
 , in the County of 
 
 . A,I>. 10 , ,„ ia,„,. 
 , > tme .op; ol ubich ii now 
 
 , I wa» nr%'ed with the copy 
 
 In the High Court of Juitloe 
 
 ;■ . • "' "■» of 
 
 (merebant), make oath and aay: — 
 
 1. That I am the above namt^d CM). 
 
 2. That on or about the day of 
 
 ."^n^rt:e'•:trJL'i^b•i'^■i:•A°•■"''^■»■■ 
 
 Ibat tbe "Id matter came on for trial before E.F., of the 
 .be ..id Con':.; aidT L°.^upo„ th;or./r,V',5 °' "■' ''"••■■' »"« "" 
 
 bare been committed ^ ' "'' "" "'"' """■■• "•' «".lt«l ti 
 
 tb.r.''d'!r jJU''r.ir?bi'';iV.''rud'°ti!'i~ro .r-id'^ !?■- •>»■"" 
 
 •ad .bat I bad reatn.^ /rri°d'. ,'or"Xi§ otr" °' i"'"^'"-"). 
 PO,edIo'?^'c"„V,n'l?tJd'"l^ Kl-S^XfriJ,""""" ""-" "' '"P" 
 miUed'^w'^'cuU'ln'rf^m Z'n'l." "W .uppoeed tre.pa,. w„. com- 
 
 claimed .nd-*«lll ctm "be "o" or ftJeboTd „7 t rii°.''T/""'' f'" 
 '•aae may be) hv TiFti.« «/ = -!. "«enoiil of he said land (or as the 
 
 b,ret.^/re f'^ t'o't' b°/„'n;rHTd°:?e The"' '*' ""'drof*" "^ " 
 
 parfoJ^S'e "n/'o cty.v'e°d'K? ,1° ^T' '"»■■'"■'"■"«' °>">" '" ' 
 tba. the eald A.B. In-JhTS tc.'eitSg'^Ji^jV.-'.^i t?"a"jt- I? 
 
MICROCOrV HSOLUTION TIST CHAIT 
 
 (ANSI or>d ISO TES'' CHART No. 2) 
 
 I.I 
 
 '1^ 1^ 
 'li£ |2.2 
 
 [^ 1^ i '-6 
 
 ^ /(PPLIED IIVHGE 
 
58 PROHIBITION. 
 
 to me, and contenda, as I believe, that it beloiigs to him, which. I bat, 
 is not the vaaa. 
 
 9. That the said Justice (ar Maffistrate), notwithstanding my &nt 
 objection, and notwithstandinfr mj said offer to prove my said claim of 
 title, and that I had reasonable grounds therefor, did proceed, and is 
 preceednig, to hear and' determine the said matter. 
 
 Sworn, etc. \ 
 
 J 
 
 The above affidavit may be so framed, and set forth sucli 
 facts, as are necessary to meet the particular ca.se. 
 
 The affidavits are usually intitled in the Court merely, 
 and not in any cause: R. v. Plymouth. 37 W.R. 334; but it 
 is no objection that they are intitled in the names of the 
 parties, as in the above form : Breeden v. Capp, 9 Jur. 781. 
 
 FoBM or Order for Prohibition. 
 
 In the High Court of Justice. 
 The Honourable Mr. Justice 
 
 In Chambers. 
 
 Monday, the 
 day of 
 A.D. 19 . 
 
 In the matter of an information laid before E.F., Esquire, a Justice 
 
 of the Peace {or Police Magistrate), for the of 
 
 by A. B. against C. D. for {set out the charge) . 
 
 Upon the application of the above named C. D. ar"" upon reading his 
 affidavit filed, and upon hearing the Solictors {or Counsel) foi said A.B. 
 and CD. respectively, and it appearing that the said E.F., Esquire, as 
 Buch Justice of the Peace {or Magistrate) has no jurisdiction to bear 
 and determine the said matter, by reason that {state facts shemng waul 
 of jurisdiction) , it is ordered that the said E.F., Esquire, as such Justice 
 {or Magistrate), be and he is hereby prohibited from further proceeding 
 in the matter of the said information, and that a Writ of Prohibition do 
 issue accordingly ; and it is further ordered, that the costs of this 
 application be paid by the said A.B. to the said CD. 
 
CHAPTER I\. 
 
 Maxdash's. 
 
 Tlie High Court is imested with tlie |mMi)j;ativo iii;lil to 
 compel, by mandamus, inferior tribunals- such as jusiiies 
 and niajfistrates— to exercise tlie jurisdiction whicii they 
 possess, and to perform any specific act which it is their 
 legal duty to perform : 8ee Sliortt on Intormations 223. 
 
 By K.S.O c. 88, s. «, special iirovision is made for an 
 order by tlie High Court, or a county Jud-c, for the countv 
 m which the justice resides, to compel liim to do any act 
 relating to duties of his office. 
 
 If there is some other specific remedy, ecpially convenient 
 and adequate, such as an appeal from the justice, the reimclv 
 by mandamus will not be adopted : R. v. Askew, ■! Burr, p 
 2188; R. V. Joint Stock Co.'s Registrar, 21 QBD 131 Ke 
 Marter and Oravenhurst, 18 O.R. 24S; R. v. Charities Com- 
 
 Zm"rQ.^.tv "'■'■ *''-' ^ '■ ^""^■"- "' "«»"•"*■- 
 
 But even if there is another remedy, mandamus will lie 
 granted, if the former is not ei|ually advantageous- R v 
 Stewart, (1896) 1 Q.B. 303; R. v. Leicester, (18!1!1) 2 
 Q.B. 632: or, if the alternate remedy is doubtful or if 
 granting it will work an injustice: K. v. Garland, LR. ,5 
 Q.B. 269. 
 
 And the court will be vigilant to apply the remedy by 
 mandamus where it is reasonably applicable: Mayor o'f 
 Rochester v. The Queen, 27 L.J.Q.B. 434. 
 
 The remedy by mandamus is discretionary, and will be 
 granted or refused as the circumstances of each particular 
 case in the excercise of a judicial discretion are deemed to 
 require: R. v. Garland, L.B, 5 Q.B. 269; R. v. Wigan, 1 Ann 
 Cas. 622. ^ 
 
 It is only granted to compel the performance of a duty 
 and not to undo what has been done: Ex p. Nash, 15 Q.B. 
 P- 95, 
 
 The applicant must have the legal right to the perform- 
 ance of the act required to be done : Ex p. Napier, 18 Q.B. 
 
p. (i!ir>: K V. HLTtfoiil, ;) (^.H.l). p. 701; K. v. Littlo.lale, L.R. 
 12 Ir. |i 101; U. V. Li'wishani, ( INH") 1 QB. VM: I'liehlos v. 
 <J»walilt\vi»tk', (1N(I7) 1 Q.B. iiia: R. v. IVtuilmioujjli, 14 
 L..I.(J.B. S3. 
 
 And it will not be jjrantuil on application of a pel-son wlio 
 has no interest in the performance of a duty, or who is not 
 appealing Iiuihi fide: K. v. Liverpool Ry. Co., 21 L.J.ti.B. 2S-t. 
 
 The ajiplication nnist be for the performance of an act 
 wliieli it is the legal dutv of tlie officer to perform: Ex p. 
 Xa.sh, 13 (J.B. p i)3; R. v. O.W.R Co., 02 LJ.y.B. 572; R. 
 V. Bexley, (IXOX) A.C. 210. 
 
 And tile officer's jurisdiction nnist be clear: Pearson v. 
 (ilazcbrook, L.R. 3 Ex. 27; Trainor v. Holeoml)e, 7 U.t'.R. 
 34K; Re Jackson v. Clarke, 36 C.LJ. OH. 
 
 Discretionary Powers. — If the justice is interested in 
 tlie subject matter (see /lo«^ " Uisqualifyini; Interest ") he ia 
 right in refusing to take the case, and the court will not 
 compel him to act : Re Co. Judge of Elgin, 20 U.CIR. 5S8. 
 
 The obligation to perform the act must be imperative ; 
 anil a mandamus will not be ordered to enforce a mere 
 discretionary power, not. amounting to an absolute duty : 
 R. V. Mayor of Westlove, 5 Dowl. & Ry. 414; R. v. Bishop of 
 Oxford, 4 Q.B.D. 553. 
 
 The word "may" in statutes is construed as iiermissive or 
 optional, and the word "shall" as imperative: R.S.O. c. 1, 
 s. (8); R.S.C. c. 1, s. 7 (4). 
 
 Such is the general principle of statutory construction ; 
 and the word " may," or " it shall be lawful," or " if he deems 
 it advisable," are in themselves merely permissive, and do not 
 import a duty. But notwitliHtanding the above general rule 
 of interpretation, if the subject matter shews that it must 
 have been intended that the exercise of the power should be 
 imperative, it will be so : per Crompton J., Re Newport, 29 
 L.J.M.C. 33; Julius v. Oxford, L.R. 5 A.C. 214; Paley, 6th 
 ed. p. 37 (x); R. v. BailifTs, 1 B. & C. 86; Girdlestone v. 
 Allen, 1 B. & C. 61. 
 
 ' May" was held compulsory in McDougall v. Paterson, 
 11 C.B. 755; and dinctory in R. v. Bishop, 29 L.J.Q.B. 23. 
 
 So, when the statute by any of the above mentioned, 
 words confers authority upon a judicial officer to do an act, 
 V iiether judicial or ministerial, a duty is imposed to perform 
 
MAXIUMIH. 
 
 til 
 
 , "i"l it is u|i|)li,,l |„|. 
 '• mill it is iiiiix'iHtivi. : 
 
 the act when tl„. occasion for it aris, 
 
 by a person entit to l.ave it d , 
 
 Ca,„oron V. Wait, .-l A.K. p i.,:) 
 
 authority to cou>I,Cl^' ,^^""^ ^''^^ ^ '"'^ -'■"•'•'- 
 to exercise. As, for instane ,„ '"'' "-,"«"-'■ i- '-nnd 
 
 eon.pel a justice ,o i^^^^T^^^^Z^^'"": "" '"' '"■''"'•'■'' '" 
 
 .nv„ivin.adut,^vi„>h njtil io;;;:';r'''':7 " .'""•-■ "•"' 
 
 oont,„j;eney eallinjj for its eNe rei V," ""^' "'-i"'"*-' "f tl.o 
 
 -'!«: Cana.ron v, Wait 11 , T •^''"^""'1 "» •Statute.,, 
 
 (;B. 7.5.x Crake v. P^J ' • F v ^1'' ^- ''•"-"-""■ H 
 
 'Hvyerv. Port Art ,ur'( ,--,';'"■ '" •^''l* •""^'■ 
 5 K.v. C.H. 401. ■"• ■'■'• -^'"""n v. The (,.„een, 
 
 "f public interest, is rive ,o' b v ' ' "'' .'" "'l^-""-u...nt 
 R. V. Bishop of ().xford, 4 QJIU 7'":S"'' "'"' '" " "■"""^""1 ■ 
 
 Jlandannis will lie orrI,.i-..^ », " , , 
 •iudieial as well as u,::,°^^X""'':lf''\ '"' "'""" °'' 
 "■"■t-ly n.inisterial, its perf r Z e . w' ," '"'■ '■'■ '^"'y i^ 
 'natter of course: R v Uuv Tp' , "' """l"'' «» " 
 
 A justice will not be coniDelle,! 1„. . i 
 ^™ut of dist,.ss or eon,rC:, t'i 'T'fcr'JTT,;' 
 ^^R.^Delaney v. MeJJab. 21 C.P. 3,« f ' E^;:t;.:L•'^; 
 
 be ^':.f:s;;wL:';;t:'b:er™f'';" "^*~ -" 
 
 has been improperly pe 1 e f ' ri "''' "'"' ""' '''"■"■ » 
 
 ^u:V^T^;ir-"--'-- 
 
 court ^r " *::^;- ;::^,;n ^ ™.»..inate tribunal the 
 V. Garden, • do 1 ??'";"''" J^urse to be adopte.1 : I! 
 
 'ion by tlic riCil, is "^X^* "iT'"' "' ''^ ■"-- 
 V. "falbraith, 12 P R .,|. . '^°"'P'''t« .lu»t.hcat.on : Re White 
 
 Ex p. Cook.'a Can Cr. t-a^ 7^"'ZV- V"'''' ''" ^'^••'- "'^^ 
 re,,uned by the law to extreist'l • "!",."'";••<-■ tbe justice is 
 »ot at liberty to arbit™^;;^^ ■■;--- ^;^-<;.... 
 
(JO MAXDAMIS. 
 
 tii)ii .)!■ t() irfusi- to coii«ick-i- tlif luatter : ami if he does ho, 
 „r if he hy wi-onftly deeidiiiK « preliiiiinmy ixiint of law or 
 uiwii extraneous conwdeintions or ,>ther«ise, (upon a mistaken 
 view of the law,) iiaproiM^^rly refuses to hear a case, or to do 
 what the law nroviiles that it is his iluty to do, the court will 
 order a iiiandaiuus. But if h,- really and l«na tide consi.lers 
 the mattei' and exercises his discretion, his decision however 
 erron«nis, wUl not U- interfered with hy n.andanius ; but it 
 is a .'round of appeal from his .judgment : K. v hichards, 20 
 L.IOB ;i.V2; R. v. •!. J. North ludin;;, 2 B. & I. 2»1; B. 
 v.' Worcester (Jus.), a E. & B. +77 ; R. v West Rid. (Jus^), U 
 OBI) 417; I'hurehward v. Coleman, L.K. 2 y.B '«■ «• 
 ^^ J.,J. Middlesex, 2 Q.B.I). .510; R. v- »" RuUen 1 Q.B I). 
 .5,5 R v Kin.', 20 Q.B.I). 4:tO; R. v. ConoUy, 22 OR. 220, 
 R. V, Bowman, (1W)8> 1 Q.B. ti«3 ; R. v. Slmmian, (1898) 1 
 Q B. 578. 
 
 The justice's discretion must be exercised bm,u fide and 
 not arbitrarily : R. v. Cun,l«rlai,d (Jus. 4 A. k b «!)5 ; R. 
 V. Fawcett, 19 L.T 39(i ; R. v. Adanison, 1 Q.B.I) 201. 
 
 Mandamus will 1« ordered to compel a justice to receive 
 an information, which is a ministerial duty : t. Je 558 84J , 
 R. V. Kent (Jus), 14 East. 317 : R. v. Richards. 20 L.J.Q.B. 
 352 ; Re Monmouth, L.R. 5 Q.B. 251. 
 
 On receiviiiK an information a justice is required by Code 
 55:» to hear and consider (personally, so that he may P™pefly 
 form his judsment: Dixon v. Wells, 25 Q.B.D. 249) he 
 allecation.s of the complainant, and determme whether further 
 pnj^eedinKs are warranted or not. This is a, judicia act : K. 
 V. Ettinger, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 387 ; Hope v. hyered, 17 Q.B.1 . 
 338- Ex p. Lewis, 21 Q.B.D. 191 ; Lea v. Charnnj,'ton, 2.1 Q.B.D. 
 45 •>72- and the iustice cannot in mere caprice refuse to issue 
 a process. He must hear the matter and adjudicate, either 
 that a p'-lmafMU case is stated, or that even assuming the 
 prosecutor's statement to be true, it is clear that no offence 
 within the i^ ice's cognizance is shewn ; or that it is ot too 
 frivolous r.'eh-aracter to justify legal proceedmgs; Selwood v. 
 Mount, C. 4c P. 73; R. v. Bather. 42 LT. 532; R. v. Huggins. 
 (iO L.J.M.C. 139 ; R. v. Ingham. 14 Q.B. 396. 
 
 If the justice should act from mere caprice, or opinion as 
 to what the law ought to be. instead of administering the law 
 as it is ; or it he refuses to proceed upon an erroneous ruling 
 in reirard to a point of law. the court will compel him to hear 
 and determine the matter, free from such erroneous view: 
 
M.lNDAMrs. 
 
 li.'l 
 
 or.,!^^:l«l;L;r;i^rrt:™::!;'™;!::;j:;;:;-'~ 
 .".I- the ei,.u,„.t^,r :»• ' ':;,;™r '." if" '"■"'""'^' 
 
 Uesnoyes, 3 fa,,. Cr. Cas (is ^ ' J''"'"P«"" "■ 
 
 Rv,. Sanderson, 15 O.R. 106; R. v. Ton nolly 22 O R Ijo : 
 
 462: (1«!)S» I O H i in .' '*■ ^- "'"''• ^^ I-l 
 
 prov , ons „f th , » ■■ T" ^""i'l^ations outside the 
 
 -14. 010, R. V. Gotham, (1808) 1 Q.B so" ' 
 
 entilLd-'r'"" "■.f"»''V ""■'"" P'«™"' til"- prosecutor is not 
 
 .5-3 "■ ''"' "'''■■ "^^^ P- ^^'o-™". LR. 4 g.B. 
 
 If a, justice refuses to hear a ,vitne.,s for tlie defenee on 
 
64 
 
 MASDAMIS. 
 
 tliu croiind tlmt it is not so provided l)y Htnlutc. lie will In- 
 compelled l)y inandaiuiis to do so, for it i« a clear iniscarnuKe 
 of iuHtiee, and the refusal to hear one side la the same n» it 
 the case had not bien heard at all ; Re Holland 37 I XK. 
 214i K. V. WasliiiiKton, 4(i TCR. 221 ; K. v. Sproule, 14 OR. 
 375, .-(84. 
 
 But & justice's mlji'dication as to the reception or rejec- 
 tion of evidence is not oix-n to review on a motion for 
 mandamus: K. v. Yorkshire (Jus). 53 LT. 72S; R. y.Conno ly. 
 •'2 OR 220- nor upon a ciuestion of tact uikjii winch lie luis 
 adjudicated : R. v. Sliiel, 49 J.P. 68; see Re Brighton Sewers 
 Act, !> Q.B.i). 723. 
 
 Mandamus will be Rranted to the (ieneral Sessions u),<)ii 
 a point of practice or law, hut not upon a matter of tact ; K. 
 V. Kestevan (Jus.), 3 Q.B. .SU; R. v. Flintshire (Jus.l, 11 
 Jur. 185. 
 
 Mandamus will be granted at any stage of the proceed- 
 ings if the iustice illegally declines to proceed : R. v. Brown, 
 7 E. & B. 757. 
 
 The application must be made promptly; R. v. West 
 Riding (Jus.), 2 Q.B. 505,— twelve months being held to be 
 too late : Cook v. Jones, 4 L.T. 306 ; but there is no spi-citic 
 time limited. 
 
 The court will not compel a justice to proceed with o 
 criminal case arising out of a pendiiu' civil prcweeding except 
 s(, far as is neces.sary to hold the parly to bail ; or unless the 
 judge in the civil proceeding so orders : R. v. Ashburn, 8 f. 
 & P. 50: R. V. Ingham, 14 Q.B- 390. 
 
 Costs.— The costs of the application are in the discretion 
 of the jiidge, and are usually granted to the 8ucces.sful 
 party: R. v. Surrey (Jus.), 14 Q.B. (184; R. v. Harding, 
 B T.LR. 53, 157 ; R. v. London (Jus.), (1894) 1 Q.B. 453. 
 
 The order is applied for to a judge in chambers, an I may 
 be appealed from to the High Court. There is no ap eal to 
 the Court of Appeal : see R. v. Cushing, 2(i A.R. 248. 
 
 A justice doing anything pursuant to a mandamus from 
 the High Court is exempt from all liability therefor, even 
 if what he does turns out to be really in excess of his jurisdic- 
 tion, and he would otherwise have been liable : R.S.t). c. 88, 
 as. 2, 6, 23. A prerogative mandamus cannot l)e obtained by 
 action, but only by motion: Kingston v. Kingston, 28 O.R. 
 
MANDAMI'S. 
 
 do 
 
 399: 23 A.R. m, f„ll,™i„,, ,s„,u,, , ^^^|,„^,^.^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ 
 
 K"„M or JJOTIC. „,. MoT,o» ,.„„ M«D*H„ 
 In tlie High Court of Ju.tlce. 
 
 (or (..« „„, ,«, ,,,„,,,) '^H- »B«in"t CD, 
 
 ■*-l'- '9 , at the Lour of „■ , , .''''"'' 
 
 MOD tl.»reafter a. the motion o«„ be mad. ?n '" "" /"onoon. or .o 
 
 the said E.K„ E.q„l,e, „ ,uch ",i,LT (.'/i , ' °'»"'l"niii. re,|uiri„e 
 
 ant upon the .aid information and t„dete™1„ ,"'.,"" •""' "»n>Pl»ln- 
 made out to i„ue a .ummou, or warm.f. ,T- "."u'''''*' ' '•»■■ I'a. been 
 «uch other order «. may be pr°pe7 '*'"'■" "" '"'•> L'U-J or for 
 
 And.a..e uo.iee that upon .u.h motion wi„ „e re,.d the aadan. of 
 referred to. • "'"' '"rem, and the exhibit, therein 
 
 Oated thi. 
 
 To the .aid CD. 
 and to the .aid E.K, 
 
 day of 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 , A.D, 10 . 
 B.H., Soiicitor for .aid A.B. 
 
 Affidavit tor Ma)Id.vmt:s, 
 In the High Court of .lu.tiee 
 
 lotcapalioa) malte oath and .ay— '° "" '^'"""y "' 
 =: Th^orthr""™'" '""r;°oV" "" -""'-— tioned. 
 
 information o°^ oa.h before 'iX^^^", j„.., ,^^^"7 Im t 
 for the said county of require, a Ju.tice of the Peace in and 
 
 now .hewn to me. marlied exhibit '"A "^o^JK °' "«'.'' 'n'ormation i. 
 
 J. That on the j , "^ affidavit, 
 
 matter eame on to be heard at the'aid '^■"- '" • t'e aaid 
 
 ^-nfS'iifn-r-red'ty-b^jrp-lt.-"'-"! ^- -• -«? 
 
 «ma\Ver-hTvL"r^t'-d;\?hSr""-"-"-°^"^^^^ 
 jn.,ce di.mi..ed the cfarge"an'd"Lt'rged*: .S'c'^i,''- " ^"'^ 
 
 p™eeittVvrb\iiri;iCrca^"£-''«r«-^'--'-'^ 
 
 mdictment before the Court at wh"eh the ..id C n ' Proseoute .uoh ai 
 ■f the sa.d ju.tiee had committed him /i.,, ?' ''°"'"' ''»''« """n tried 
 offered to enter into the rTc^gnLance reou re^b'"" '.•""'° "-' ">"« 
 Criminal Code of Canada. '^"''°'^""'<' reQuired by .ootion 595 of the 
 
 m 
 
ee MANDAHl'lt. 
 
 not bind m. ovi, or l.k. .ny turth.r i.ep In tl.. -J "'»""' "i'l™,'" 
 
 tben .nd tbepe r.tu.ed .i.d >llll r.fuii.. to .ccede 10 or oomply with my 
 
 ..Id r»qa..t, .nd to bind m« over to pr.f.r and proiMUt. .n Indlot- 
 
 ni.nt u bereinbafor. stated. 
 Swomt «to. 
 Tho affidavit inunt iihew a demonil and a rofunal ; and 
 
 roiwt statu distinctly what wa« demanded; I'ow tho dei"»nd 
 was made, and liow anHWere<l ; Ke Bruce, 11 C.P. S7B ; Ke 
 Peck i Peterborough, 3-1 U.C.R. 129 ; Ke Irving v Askew, 
 2K LT. «4; K. V. Pontyiiool 71 LT. 17. But > hen the 
 officer's affidavits in answer to the motion shewed that lie had 
 refused to act, and it appeared tlie demand if made would 
 have been refused, this removed all objection to the want of 
 proof of demand : Re Davidson & Miller, 24 U.C.R. 66. 
 
 Order for Mahdamcb 
 
 day of 
 
 of mand.mu. do l»»u., direoted to 'J^''"}^f,^'ZdJ^lrM 
 
 Ike dHln 10 It performea, or (*« lAiri!; I» be ilooe, a> emmedor "^""j . 
 and th. afBdavit of wryico thereof, npon ™?'"lf '''?, •"f"'fj 
 , and upon hearing the ooun.el(<ir .olloltor.) for the ..Id 
 
 ;.D. (a. IKe ea,e »«» '«). «»d it appe.rmjr that (J". ."."; 
 
 In the High Court of Justice. 
 
 The Honourable Mr. Ju.tico ) '^" 
 
 In Chambers, i 
 In the m.tter of, etc. (m in Ihe ahoie/orm ofmliee of motion.) 
 l-pon the application of the above named A.B. (or o. ';«™»« '"'■»'! I 
 
 lUtiff the --" ' *'"" '""""' '">'•'" t"*k *n order ror a wni 
 
 of mandamus do i 
 dut^ to be per 
 and the affidavit 
 of 
 
 Zce„„nj M»eeuenie «..< arcrme.»), it 1. ordered that a -rit of 
 mandamus do issue out of this Court directed to the said . 
 
 "tJ^ieto this Court at Osgoode Hall, Toronto forthwith ^ter^th. 
 service thereof, commanding the said that he do {her, inMrl 
 
 tkt dul) 10 bt ptrformed, or Mng W lie done, aa onleretl) . 
 
 Clerk in Chambers. 
 
 Writ or Mandamus. 
 
 Edward the Seventh, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
 Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith. 
 To of . Greeting. 
 
 Whereas (»«■« recile Jet of Parliament if Ihe aet required to b, done is 
 founded o» on Act of Parlimenl) . ..,.,„ j 
 
 And whereas We have been given to understand and are mlormed, 
 in ^urrngSc^urto? Justice, £tore Us, that {ineert necenary induee- 
 menta and mermente): And you, the said 
 
 were then ^"^'^^fJl^^\^^^,^L^, ^^Vd^g yVlir duty 
 in that behalf, IhM anrtherrwho^iy neglected and. refused to (i».^< 
 refuml), nor have you or any of you at any t'"" »"■«« '■; 
 
 contempt of Us, and to the great damage and grievance of as 
 
MAxnAMrs, 
 
 r» Ar imlnr/ieti. 
 
 Hv order of th« Corirt (or 
 Mr. JtiHlIce 
 ;^t the instance of 
 "hia ttrit iru Utued br 
 etc. ' 
 
 Ketirs to Wh.t ,.,• .M«-.,AMl« 
 
 IT*., ,„„„„„, „„ tt, ,„„. „^ ,j^ , 
 
 Tbe answer of on. nf hi. \t ■ . 
 
 m.ii«™t.) ,or°Z°' '"" ""J"'J-' ■'°»""- "' »■«• feaco (.,r poli,. 
 directed do most humbly oertifr .nj r„t„,„ . '° "■'""" "■'" "'it h 
 K.ng, .t the lime .„d plae. In th?, wri 2, ,° ""'^ >^'''<""g'' Lord the 
 
 the aaid writ I am commanded "'^ ""■ /«""■'• "■"»' I ■ As by 
 
 [Seal.] 
 Justice of the Peace (or 
 ir/ ri, olice Maffistrate 
 
 «™ "erMYa'.T.^Z °" " '"""•'"' •-*'•"«" '»^»- o„ ,*. „„,™, „i, „r 
 The return of „_-, -, , , 
 
 m the schedule hereunto anneied'' "«'»'"'" »' 'W. »rit) appiarS 
 The aaawer of 
 
 [Seal.] 
 Justice of the Peace {or 
 
 rohfe Magistrate.) 
 
CHAI'TKR V 
 
 Al'I'KAl. ASH Ca' Statki> 
 Thu Rlrht of Aopeal in auv fonn .siHts mily »l"ii it i" 
 
 H .low,.-. - K. V. I., m .Ins.. :!4 .M'.l.. M.H. ; .,u,.nn, 
 
 V. Jlditmil, St'aii. Cr. fiis. :!(!•. 
 
 nf till' t'liniinnl 
 I'll., iiml for in"! 
 
 ProvUlont ol Criminal Code. I "■ t )« > 
 
 C0.I0 ,)iovi.le» loroppHil-. li.v ».ct.on» »,'■> <l 
 
 stated, bv wctioiis 900 ft »«/■ 
 
 The»i provisions art. lin.itwl in their npplicnt.on to pio- 
 
 *c„ io.,- Ltore jnsticH or nrnKi-traas or otl.or .puLna 
 
 toS aricH when acting in their «...n.M,.ry jmH.hct,on 
 " de Zt 3« "t the rri,ninal (VMe. in regard to offences and 
 
 It .-s under Dominion laws-. CV«le «4<. („UM: a.ui tlu. 
 
 do not apply to app^^als tron. conv.et.cms on snnnna.j trmls 
 
 iKfore nmgistrates under I'art 5o : see t o.le NON. 
 
 The latter appial lies only l.y way of case stated under s 
 742 7^.,.: Code 80» ; K. v. Raeine, » tW tV I as. WC . 
 R V. EkIu, 1 1 Man, U. 1 24 ; 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 112 ; K. v. Bokuk.. 
 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 492. 
 
 Code 7H2, as aniended by 58-39 V.ct., c. 40. K.ves a-uho- 
 vity to two justices sitting together to tO' »'"»•"'•■:• y" 
 offences n.en ioned in Co.le 7S:i CO and (./); and in such 
 :1" n appeal lies in the s.une way as an appeal from a 
 sunnnary comietion by a single ,,,et,ce, under ,mn ;^«- An 
 such ap^al lies fron. two just ces ,,,r a "■''K-f '«'"»' ;.'; 
 
 Columbia, Prince Edw«r,l ^-^']'^-. '^'^'j '^l.^^'^^Z.Z 
 Territories) on a sunnnary conviction lor thelt nndir e 
 va^ulot SIO, notwithstanding Code 7S4 as amended by he 
 Criminal Code An.endment Act _900 (a 46) makes the.r 
 iurisdiction absolute: R. v. Wirth, o B.L.K. 114. 
 
 The provisions of the Criminol C«le as to appi^als do no 
 apply to penal case, which arise from and are governed 
 exclusively by provincial legislation: Superior v. Montreal. 
 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 379, at p. 382. 
 
A1M-KAI.H rXDKH l«.J||N|„x ,.,,«.^ „„ 
 
 1 A,.,.KU.S AM, .ASKS UkhKKVK,. , V„kh IK.M.N.oS La«» 
 
 ""•"^"■"'•':;:';;r';v;::::;7::;;: '-"■•'■' 
 
 pLihrnn.. «; ,u.|l u, ll,/ If™, , i ''"'■'■',''"'• ''''•"'"■ 
 ."tin. (i,.,H.n.| S,.,,i,,, ..;,'; ;'-^- "I'l"'"' """""••i.. 
 
 i- "PI 1 .o 1«. l,ul,l iCi::, m;,'. "'"'■""'■ " ""•'• " ^"""^ 
 
 In Other Provlnoai. -In i;i„.|„.c tl.o ,u ,,,i i, ,„ i 
 
 .--: in i'.i.K.,. H:,i ;..,,'', ''::■:;,,'''• ■•",""■«'";" 
 V. .r„, ,„. ~n,,.S,;;i";!:;-;.'.';!r,: """"' '•■ 
 
 N.N.X. CoJe IWO, 
 
 ^ NoT.c. or ArP.*, AnA,N«T a Cosv,ct,os or 0«d.„. 
 
 fs-n^^;:s^s; ;S?£S'-4--- 
 Esquire, a Ju.tioe of tl,« Peace in and f„V^H "1 "»''« ^y (jou) J. s., 
 -he.., I, ... ,aia A. B., :^Z:;;i^l^^ l^Z iLr.,^ .i 
 
70 
 
 APPEALS UNDER DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 „„ Ihm Blale in oirence m i» Ihe co«rKHiw, or Hi" amotml 
 
 Sdjed 10 be i»iicl, mm Ike order, m mrreelln an ,mnble) . 
 
 Dated »t , tlli» day o( , one thousand nine hundred 
 
 and A. B. 
 
 Reoulsites oi Notlce.-It was hold in Canadian S.P.C. A. 
 V Uuzon, 5 Rev. d. Juf. SSi), tl.at the omission of the words 
 "for the respondent " fron. the notice, if it was served on the 
 iustiee and not on the vespondent, was fatal : but see contra, 
 Ex p Doherty 25 N'B.R. 38 ; and it was also held that a 
 notice addressed to the justice alone and "O* '» "'Vf P°": 
 dent is not sufficient: Keohan v. Cook, ^.\\^TK 54. and 
 in Canadian S.P.C.A. v. Lauzon, supra, it was held that if the 
 prosecution was taken by an agent of the Society the appeal 
 should be taken by the agent himself and not by the hociety. 
 The statute does not expressly rei|uire the notice to be 
 sismed by any person, but the form indicates that it is to be 
 sited by the appellant. Code i»S2 provides that the forms 
 Jen or " forms to the like effect," are sufficient, and a sub- 
 stantial compliance with the form is ''■">»g''; »^'--, '«".™;; ;;; 
 Garland, 12 O.K. p. 142 ; Jones v. Grace^ 17 O.K. 081 , Truax 
 V Dickson, 17 O.K. 375 ; Xorthcote v. Brunker, 14 A.K. db4 , 
 Ex p Stamford, 17 Q.B.D. 259. A notice sipied on the 
 appellant's behalf, by his solicitor, is a sufficient compliance 
 with the s.atute ; see R. v. Nichol, 40 D.C.R. 76 ; K. v. Kent 
 (Jus.), LR. 8 Q.B. 305. 
 
 Service o! Notice— Personal service of the notice of 
 appeal is not required in express terms by the Act, and where 
 not so required personal service is not imperatively demanded 
 in any case unless the purpose is to charge the party with 
 
 contempt for not performing «'™» ''/t/«'l"'''^„'^p';[ ' 'o 
 document served : Ward v. Vance, 9 C.L.J. 214 , 3 P.R. 130. 
 
 Service by leaving the notice at the place of residence 
 with some grown up person residing there is sufficient : see 
 R V X R. of Yorkshire (Jus.), 7 Q.B. 154. See the exhaus- 
 tive collection of cases on the subject of s^'-^Jfe ""-if f ""''"' 
 statutory provisions in Bicknell & Seagers D.C. Act, 1 )8. 
 
 Whe ^ Notice to be Served.— The ten days within whicli 
 the notice must l». served under Code 880 ('.), ate computed 
 from the dav on which the justice announced his decisum an. 
 imvle the minute of adjudication re,|uired by Cotle HM and 
 not fi-om the time of making out the formal recor.1 of con- 
 
APPEALS IXDER DOMINION LAW.S, 71 
 
 viction which may be done afterwards, (see the same section), 
 and wliich may be transmitted to the court appealed to 
 at any time before the appeal is to be heard : Code HHH : ISee 
 R. V. Derbyshire (Jus.), 7 Q.B. 193 : Ex p. Johnson, 3 B. & S. 
 il47. The time for appealing from a judgment liegins to run 
 when the decree or order for judgment is put into intellii'ible 
 shape, so that the parties may clearly understand what they 
 have to appeal from (such as the minute of adjudication must 
 be, see po»^ "Summary Convictions,") and not from the 
 entry of formal judgment : Koksilah Quarry Co. v The 
 Queen, 5 B.C.R. 600. 
 
 The day next following that on which the decision was 
 announced will be the first day counted ; and the day of 
 serving the notice will be excluded: Kadelirt'e v. Bartholomew 
 (1892) 1 Q.B. 161. If the last day tor service falls on a 
 holiday the notice may be served on the ne.^t following day 
 which is not a holiday : R.S.C. c. 1, s. 7 (27 i. 
 
 To What Sitting". — It the conviction or order is made 
 more than fourteen days before the .sitting of the court to 
 whicli the appeal is given, it is to he to the then next 
 sitting of that court ; but if less than fourteen days, then 
 to the second sitting after such conviction or order: Cmle 
 880 (a). 
 
 Fourteen clear days is meant, .so that an appeal from a 
 conviction made on or before, say, 28th Jlay, would have to he 
 to the sitting beginning on, say, 12th June ; but if the con- 
 viction was after the 28th May, and the next sitting began 
 on 12th June, the appeal must be to the .second sitting, c.y. in 
 Ontario to the December general sessions. 
 
 The general .sessions in Ontario arc held on the second 
 Tuesday in June and December, B.S.O. c. 36, s. 4 : except in the 
 County of York, where they are held on the first Tuesday in 
 March and December, and the seconil Tuesday in May and 
 September : s. 4 (2). 
 
 Recogrnizance. — If the app<'al is from a conviction adjudg- 
 nig imprisonment for the oHence, the appellant must either 
 " remain in custody until the holiling of the court to which 
 the appeal is given," or enter into a recognizance before any 
 jiMtice with two .sufticient sureties conditioned personally ti> 
 appear at the court and try the appeal, and abide bv' tli.- 
 judgment on appeal, and pay such costs as may be awar<ied 
 by the court : Code 880 (e). 
 
72 
 
 APPEALS UNDER nOMlNlON LAWS. 
 
 It ihe appeal is from a conviction or order awarding only 
 ,1 penalty or sum of money to be paid, the appellant (although 
 the order directs imprisonment in default of payment), may, 
 instead of remaining in custody, or giving the recognizance 
 above mentioned, deposit with the justice such sum as the 
 latter thinks sufficient to cover the penalty, and the costs ot 
 the conviction or order, and the costs of the appeal ; and upon 
 giving such recognizance, or making such deposit, the appel- 
 lant, if in custody, is to be liberated by the justice; Code 
 880 «•). 
 
 The costs usually taxed on an appeal amount to about 
 830 besides witness fees, and the justice in lixing the 
 amount of the recognizance or deposit is to include these 
 costs and the probable witness fees. 
 
 Form O.O.O., Code eso M. 
 
 Form of Recoonizasck on Appeal. 
 
 Canada. 1 
 
 Province of r 
 
 County of f 
 
 Bo it romemborod that on the day of A.D. 19 , 
 
 ^■S"-:f the "' of ' '" ""' '°:^>Si county oi"™'""""'"' 
 
 if 11,^ Peace in and for the said County of , and severally 
 
 aJknowledeed ZmmUe> to owe to onr Sovereign the King the several 
 .nn,. following, that U.„__.ay, the ea.d A;B.^.he^«"m,;.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^. 
 the saw -.1 .^^ ^^^^^^ ju^^ .^ ^^^^,|j ^ j^^^,^ jbj „„„„„t of any 
 money penalty, and the costs awarfed by the conviction and the probable 
 fosts of the appeal) , of good and lawful money of Canada to be levied on 
 ?hl r severa" goods and chattels, lands and- tenements respective y, to 
 Mie Le or;..r*'said Sovereign the King hi. heir, and successors, it the 
 said A.B. fails in the condition hereunder written. 
 
 Talsen 
 the 
 
 1 and acknowledged the dav and year first above mentioned at 
 „t , in the County of , before me. 
 
 (Signed) •"'•"■A . . 
 
 J. P., County of 
 
 Tlie condition of the above written recognizance is such that i_t the 
 said A.B. personally appears at the (next) General Sessions of he 
 Peace (it n Ontario; or if in another province name the Court to which 
 Jhe appeal is made according to Code 879) to be holden at the 
 of . ill the County of , on the day of 
 
 AD. 19 ,in and for the said County of , «»d '"f « «° 
 
 appeal against a certain conviction bearing date the daj ol 
 
 " "ad 19 , and made by me, the said Justice (or by , 
 
 a Justice of the Peace for the County of , "» "'« ™« "'«!' ^> 
 
 whereby he, the said A.B., was convicted for that (set out the ^B'"'^'^ 
 "tated in the conviction) and also abides by the judgment of the Court 
 
APPEALN UNIJEB DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 73 
 
 upon auch appeal, and pays anch eosta aa are by the Court awarded, then 
 the said recognizance to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and 
 virtue. 
 
 (Signed) O. JJ., 
 
 J. P. 
 
 Notice of tlio recognizance in tlie form appended to Form 
 O.O.CJ. in the Criminal Code xliould be glve;i by the justice 
 to the parties bound by the recognizance. The omission to 
 do so, however, will in no way aflect the appeal; the notice, 
 being merely a matter of procedure, is directory to the 
 magistrate, and does not artect the proceeding. 
 
 In case of an appeal by a corporation, it was said in the 
 case of .Southern Co Bank v. Boaler, 11 T.L.R. o(iS, that it is 
 the practice to accept the recognizance of some ineinbiT of 
 the corporation — usually a director: and see R. v. Jlanches- 
 t.M- (,Ju.s.), 7 E. & B. 453. 
 
 The sureties must be siifiicirnl (see Code H80 (.■)), and 
 they inay lie required to justify either by affidavit (.see Form 
 antf, p. 9) or by being sworn and examined Ijetore the 
 justice as to their property, etc., and if the recognizance is 
 suflicient, the justice hM.s no authority to refuse to act upon it, 
 on the ground of the insufficiency of the notice of anneal • 
 R. V. Carter, 24. LJ.II.C. 72. 
 
 Transmission of ConTlction to Court.— The justice is 
 ref|uired to transmit the conviction or order appealed from, 
 with the deposit, if any, to the court to which an appeal is 
 given (in Ontario to die Clerk (if the Peace), before the time 
 the appeal is to be heai-d, there t" be kept among the records 
 of the court : Code 888. 
 
 In Re Rycr & Plows, 4(i U.C.R. 200, it was held that the 
 conviction might be received and proved before the court 
 appealed to at any time, or, in the discretion of the chairman, 
 even pending an adjournment for judgment by him. But 
 where he had in liis discretion refused to receive it and to 
 act on a minute of adjudication not under seal, previously 
 returned, the court refused to issue mandamus as it was a 
 matter in the discretion of the chairman of the sessions which 
 could not be reviewed. 
 
 Hearings the Appeal.— (Jn the trial before the court 
 appealed to there is no right to a jury : see 37 C.L.J. p. 10. 
 On this point see R. v. Washington, 4() U.C.R. 221. 
 
 On an appeal to the General .Sessions, under Code 879 et 
 leq., it is competent for a judge of the High Court of Justice 
 
 :M 
 
74 
 
 APPEALS UNDER DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 for Ontario or of a County Court to order that a subjxtna be 
 issued under the provisi'^ns of Code 584, 689 and 843, to 
 witnesses in another province to compel their attendance to 
 give evidence on the appeal: R. v. Gillespie, 16 P. R. 153; 
 and by 8.-8. 2 added to s. 679 by the Criminal Code Amend- 
 ment Act, 1900, c. 48, the courts of the various provinces 
 and the judged tnereof are to be auxiliary to eiich otlier for 
 the purposes of the Criminal Code, and any judgment, decree 
 or order made by the court issuing a subpirna against a 
 witness for contempt of court, or otherwise, may be enforced 
 or acted upon by any court in the province in which the 
 witness resides, in the same manner and as validly as if such 
 judgment, etc., had been made by such last mentioned court : 
 see notes to this section in 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 581. 
 
 When the appeal has been lodged in due form in com- 
 pliance with the requirements of tlie statute, the court 
 appealed to is required to try, and is to be the absolute judge as 
 well of the facts as of the law, in respect, to the conviction or 
 decision: Code 881. 
 
 Any of the parties may call witnesses and adduce evi- 
 dence either as to credibility of witnesses or any other 
 material fact, whether such witnesses were called or evidence 
 was adduced at the hearing before the justice or not : Code 
 881 ; see R. v. Washington, 46 U.C.R. 221 ; and any evidence 
 taken before the justice at the hearing, signed by the witness 
 »nd certified by the justice, may be read on the appeal, and 
 .shall have the same effect as if the witness was there 
 examined, provided the court is satisfied by affidavit or other- 
 wise, that the personal attendance of the witness cannot be 
 obtained by any reasonable efforts : Cixie 881. As to what 
 efforts will be held to have been reasonable, depends 
 upon the circumstances of each particular case : see Tomlin- 
 son V. Goatley, L.R. 1 C.P. 231 ; Re Turner (.d97), 1 Ch. 
 536; Re Kav (1897), 2 Ch. at p. 519; Perrins v. Bellamy 
 (1899), 1 Cli. 800. 
 
 Form of Affidavit to let in Depositions as Evidence on Appeal 
 rNDER Code 881. 
 In the Court of General Sessions of the Teace for the County of 
 
 In the matter of 
 
 I of the of in the County of 
 
 {ifCupatiOH), malie oath and say: 
 
 I. That on the day of , A.I>. 10 , 1 was direeted 
 
 on behalf of (Ihf proseculor or ihfewinnt) to serve a 8ubp<pna or 
 
APPEALS UNDER DOMINION LAWH. 7j 
 
 sammoDS then delivered to me for that purpose upou one, of 
 
 "■" ,"' . ill the County of (oeciiiial,,,',,). 
 
 who WM one of the iritneaiea, and who Rave evidence at the heurinit of 
 the laid charge before , Esquire, the convicting JuMioe. 
 
 in order to obtain the personal attendance of the Bald us a 
 
 witnesD at the present sitting of this Court on the bearing of the npneiii 
 herein now pending In said Court. 
 
 2. That on tlie day of , A.D. li) , I accord - 
 ingiy, called at the place of residence of the said . iit the said 
 
 for the purpose of serving him with the said subpopna and eiiouirinc 
 there for the said , I wa« informed by the wite of the said 
 
 (or 08 the case may he, shexiHg tite iiemtti tii be a qyowu int 
 iiauleiil of the place meiilinHal) , who informed me that the said 
 was not then at home. I then stated to the said wife of the said 
 
 (or oilier iieraon spokrii lo) the nature of my huslneis, and told 
 her (or lim) that I would call again for the purpose of serving the said 
 subpoena at [mmmg lie do, niul hour al tehicli IHi- call iraa 
 
 10 be morfe) and that I accordingly {Here slate lelialecer calla trrrr maile 
 and other attempts to rffec serriee, ami if the irltnessluis a place of hiisiutag 
 sheic ttkat efforts icere mad. o serre him there; also, slate lehat the uersou's 
 seen at the icilness' residence a,ul placeof business said iareplii to Iheolieslioiis 
 asked about the mtness, giving the i/nestions and nii»ir«r».' // the iritiiess 
 has gone abromi, sheit if possible lehcre he is alleged lo hare gone lo, and 
 state such fads and eircumslanees as tconld satisfy the Conrt that all re.ison- 
 able efforts hare been maile to obtain the personal alleHdance or the icilness 
 to give erulence. What the officer said: and the ansieers lo his questions 
 should be distinctly stated: Dubois r. Lmether, 4 C.B, J$S; Fisher r IIishI- 
 Km, ^ C. rf- J. 34; Tomlinson v. Goatley, L.S. I V.P. 230). 
 
 3. That I have made all reasonable efforts and used all due means in 
 my power to serve the said with the said subpoena, and lo procure 
 hie personal attendance at the hearing of the said appeal, and I have not 
 been able to do so. 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 As to what will be deemed reasonable eftbrts see, R. v 
 Wilson, 1 O.R. 500 ; Tomlinson v. (ioatley, L.R. 1 C.P. 2:tt; ; 
 Stroud's Die. 653 ; Re Hibbitt and Schilbroth, 18 O.R. 'i'.H) ': 
 Channington v. Willoughby, 23 Sol. J. 230. 
 
 If the personal attendance of the witness cannot be 
 obtained in consequence of his illness or death this should be 
 proved : see post " Evidence." The inability of the witness . 
 to attend must be proved by a witness who knows the fact 
 otherwise than by hearsay: Robinson v. Ma.skes, 2 31. i: 
 Rob. 375. Sickness must be such as to preclude the hope of 
 the witness attending the trial within a rea.sonabIe time ■ 
 Beaufort v. Craw.shay, LR. 1 C.P. 099; Davis v. Lowndis 7 
 Dowl. 101. 
 
 A similar fonn to the abo\e may be used cm an api.fal 
 from a conviction under an Ontario law, the proof ier|uiivd 
 bemg that witness is "dead, or so ill as not to h- able to 
 attend and give evidence, or is absent from Ontario," or after 
 
 1 i 
 
78 
 
 APPEALS UNDEH DOMINION LAWH. 
 
 dilijjent inquiry cannot be found to be 8ul>p<fned : B.f).0. 
 c. !»0, ». 10. 
 
 On an appeal to the general sessions a .iud^e ot the High 
 Court or County Court may issue a subpiena to a witness in 
 anotlier province under Code H'i), HHl : R. v. Oillespie, 16 
 PR. 155. 
 
 No objection is to be allowed to any information or pro- 
 cess for any defect therein in .substance or in form, or for 
 any variance between tlie information or process and the evi- 
 dence adduced at the hearing before the justice, unless it is 
 proved Iwfore the court hearing the appeal that such objection 
 was taken before the justice, and that notwitlistanding it was 
 shewn to the justice that by such variance the defendant was 
 deceived or misled, the justice refused to adjourn the cose to 
 some further day: Code S82. 
 
 It was held under the Summary Convictions Act of 
 British Columbia, which contains similar provisions to Cofle 
 882, that the objection that a by-law under which the defen- 
 dant was convicted was ultra vires, could not be taken on 
 appeal, if the defendant pleaded g\ulty and did not raise the 
 objection before the justice ; even if lie was not then aware 
 of the invalidity ot the by-law : R. v. Bowman, 2 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 89 : see Rogers v. Cavanagh, 27 C.P. 537 ; and see B. v. 
 Poiricr, 1!) C.L.T. 378. And on an appeal from a conviction 
 upon a plea of guiltj the case will not be re-opened to revise 
 the punishment imposed, it the justice has not acted oppres- 
 sively: R. v. Bowman, Sitpnt. 
 
 TI.e court has authority to adjourn the hearing of the 
 appeal from one sittings to another or others ot the court : 
 Code 880 (/). 
 
 Upon the hearing ot the appeal, it is for the appellant to 
 prove that the appeal has been properly brought, by proof of 
 the notice and recognizance. The conviction or order is 
 presumed not to have been appealed against until the con- 
 trary is shewn : Code 888. 
 
 It is, then, tor the respondent lo begin, and to produce 
 evidence to sustain the charge agahist the accused; and unless 
 he does so the court must quash the conviction : WhifBn v. 
 Bligh, 56 J.P. 375. 
 
 The court appealed to is to hear ar 1 determine the appeal 
 and make such order, with or withou.. costs to either party. 
 
APPEALS UNDER imMIXION LAWS. 77 
 
 including tlie costs in the justice's court, as to the court mM.m 
 
 This includes solicitors and counsel fees and witness fees: 
 R. V Mcintosh, 28 OR. (iOS. If ,1,,. app,a| was by the 
 defendant and .t ,s d.sn.issed, a,„l the conviction or order is 
 affirme.1 the court must onler and adjudge the apHlant to 
 be p.,nmhed accor-hng to the justices conviction or to nay 
 the amount adjudged by the justices order, and to pay s'uch 
 costs as the court may award : Ccxie UNO {n 
 
 It was held in K. v. .Surrey (Ju.,.), (lSi)2) 2 Q.B. 721, that 
 he court has nojunsdiction to modify the punislnnent awa.-de.i 
 
 880 IV««.;"'V .. f." "r,"'"''^'' ""'"'■"■ provisions to sections 
 S80 (.), 883 of the Cr. Co.le, the provision in the latter, which 
 
 would seem to empower the court to ,Kjify the decision of 
 
 the justice or "make such other conviction or order in the 
 wh eh'th! V«'..'=™--t.tl"nk" .just," and exercise any power 
 which the justice might have exercise,!, applies only when 
 the justices conviction is invalid or the puniihment imposed, 
 or the order made, was ,n excess of the justices jurisdiction 
 Otherwise the measure of punishment is for the justice and 
 not for the court appealed to. 
 
 The court may order the money adjudgrf, with the costs 
 of the appeal and the costs of the conviction or order to 
 be paid out of the money, if any. de|>osited on the app;.al, 
 and that any residue be repaid to the appellant : Code 870 (^) 
 The court has no authority to refuse to so apply the 
 money deposited; the word "may' imports a duty which 
 must be pcrfoi-med at the request of the party entitle,! to 
 require it. The power to do an act which the rights of an 
 interested party demands is imperative and notdiscretionarv 
 P™^"y,^«^'', Westminister (B.C.), 2 Can. Cr. Cas. ,52' 
 R. V. BLshop of Oxford, 4 Q.B.D. 525; 5 A.C 'U ""S ■ 
 Camerom v. Wait, 3 A.R. p. 194, and see chapter on ' jlirid- 
 amus, ante p. 60. 
 
 In cither result of the appeal the court may, if nece.s.sary 
 issue Its own process for enforcing its judgment against 
 either party according to the result : Code 880 (f) ■ or "f the 
 appeal against a conviction or order is decided in favour of 
 the respondent, the justice who made the conviction or order 
 or any other justice for the same "territorial division," (for 
 definition see Code 839 (<■)), may i.,.,ue the warrant of distre.ss 
 or commitment as if no appeal had been brought : Co,Ie 885 
 
78 
 
 APPEALS UNDER DOMINION LAWH. 
 
 n tlie conviction or order is quanhed on the appeal, the 
 deposit is to be ordered to be repaid to the appellant : Code 
 880 (e), and the clerk of the peace or other officer of the 
 court appealed to is to forthwith endorse on the conviction or 
 order a memorandum to that effect : Code 880 (g). 
 
 By Code 883 the court, notwithstanding any defect in the 
 conviction or order, or that the punishment was in excess of 
 the justice's jurisdiction is, on the appeal ; to hear and 
 determine the charge or complaint upon the merits, and may 
 confirm, revise or modify the justice's decision, or make such 
 other conviction or order as the court thinks just ; and may 
 by its order exercise any power which the justice might have 
 exercised, and any such conviction or order shall have the 
 same effect, and be enforced in the same manner, as it it had 
 been made by the justice ; and any conviction or order made 
 by the court on appeal, may also be enforced by process of 
 the court itself: Code 883 (2). 
 
 Abandonment of Appeal.— The appellant may at any 
 time abandon the appeal, by giving to the opposite party six 
 clear days' notice in wrting before the sitting of the court 
 appealed to : Code 899. The six days are to be reckoned 
 exclusively of both first and last days: R. v. Aberdare, 14 
 Q.B. 854 ; Re Sams and Toronto, 9 U.C.R. 181. 
 
 Form of Noticb of Abandonment of Appeal. 
 
 In the Coart of Oeneral Setliona of the Pbboo for tbo Connly 
 of 
 
 In the matter of an Information (or complaint) laid before 
 
 , Esquire, a ,1081100 of the Peace in and for the County 
 of , by A.B. agalnet CD. for that {set out the charge). 
 
 Take notice that I do hereby abandon my appeal to this Court against 
 the conviction of me, the said CD., for the alleged offence above 
 mentioned. 
 
 Dated this day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 C.D.i 
 by E.F., his Holioitor. 
 
 This notice must be served six clear days before the first 
 day of the general sessions, the six days to be exclusive of 
 the day of giving the notice and the first day of the session : 
 Code 899. 
 
 A similar notice may be given on abandonment of an 
 appeal under an Ontario law: R.S.O. c. 90, s. 11. 
 
 Costs. — Upon this notice being given, the justice is to 
 add the costs of the appeal so far incurred to the amount 
 
APPEALK INDIR DOMINION LAWH. 7|, 
 
 28 O.R. 803 ; Code 897 ' ' ' ^- *■ Macintosh, 
 
 as no authority is eiven to H,» l..t. i . .u • V"' ™'"'' 
 
 .— ."ir:i,lri"'h.''X" fit,': 'r^"" 
 
 Code 880 (.) or 883 (2) ^' *' "' "" P™"'^'^'' >>>■ 
 
 be paid over bv him f„»r "^'' °' "i" "^^ "PP^^'-^d *<>. *<> 
 
 itzi s,-vr r =" - "- ^ 
 
80 
 
 APFEAUI ITNDER DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 liound by recogiiizanCB to p«y the coiitii. the clerk of tlie 
 ix.ace w to ho certify :--Foriii P.P.P. to the Cr. Code ;— on 
 application of tlie penwn entitled to the costs and on pay- 
 ment of the officer's fee ; and on production of the certitl- 
 cate» to any justice of the county, he may enforce payment 
 of such costs by warrant of distress : Form Q.Q.Q. to the 
 Cr. CW- ■ and in ilefault of distress, by warrant of connnit- 
 ment: torm R.K.R. to the Cr. Code; for not more than one 
 month, unless the same and the costs of distress and eommit- 
 ment and of conveying the party to prison, (if the convietmn 
 justice so orders), are sooner paiil : Code Wm. The amount 
 of these costs is to bo stated in the commitment. 
 
 Where an appeal to the sessions is dismissi'd, without being 
 heanl on the merits, there is no power to impose costs : Ke 
 Madden, 31 U.C.B. 333, followed in R. v. Becker, 20 O.K. Ii76. 
 
 FoRH or CcaTiricATB u»der Code, 898. 
 
 Offioe of the Clerk ol the Peioe tot the County of 
 
 I hereby certify thet tt > Court of Oeneril Meiiione of the Pe«ee (or, 
 the name of sny other Court to which the eppeal w«i made, aithe ca»e 
 may l«), holdeii at , In and tor the lald county, on 
 
 laet pait; an .ipeal by A. B. axalnat a eonviction (or order) of J. »., 
 Eequlre, a Ju.uv8 of the Peace In and tor the .aid county, »•■!.« on to 
 lie tried, and waa there heard and determined, and the «ald Court of 
 General Seieion. (or o(/ier Court, a. (*i- <-<ut man !.«) thereupon ordered 
 that the lald conTlction (or order) ahould be confirmed (or quaahedl, ana 
 that the aald la,meUa»l) ahould pay to the »old {rtiimdenl)the »om ot 
 , for hlaooatB Incurred by hlni In the aald appeal, andwhlchaum wai 
 thereby ordered to be paid to the Clerk of the Peace for the aald county 
 on or before the dayof (iMlonl), tobe by him handed 
 
 OTor to the .aid (r..po«dn.(J, and I further certify that the ""J »"'" 
 for coat! hai not, nor haa any part thereof, been paid In obedience to the 
 aald order. . 
 
 Dated at , thla day of , one thou.and 
 
 nine hundred and 
 
 ' Ct'^k of Iht Peace. 
 
 Q.Q.q.— (Srcttan 808.) 
 
 WABRiNT or DlBTRMB POR CoSTB Of All APPEAL AOAINST A COSVICTIOS 
 
 OB Order. 
 Canada, 1 
 
 Province of , f 
 
 County of . ) i. -a 
 
 To all or any of the conitable. and other peace offlcer. In the .aid 
 
 """wherea. A.B. of the of in the county of 
 
 (octipolioi.) wa. on the dayof A.D. 19 ; J"'/ °°°- 
 
 Yicted before , a .'u.tic» of the Peace in and tor the County 
 
 of , for that (Ml o«( (»« offente a> slated i« tte mtirirlioti ) (or if 
 
 the appeal waa from an order for the paymentot money the followlnj will 
 be .ubstituted for the above reoital-.ee Form E E.E. to the Cr.Code.- 
 " Whereas on the dayol , A.D. 19 , a complaint wa. 
 
AI'HEAlJi i;XDtR IM>.M|N|„N LAWS. HI 
 
 l|>. tb. .urn or (or'hl. CO. i Un"*, I'"? ,'°, ""J ^ "" "W 
 
 th. ..Id A.B, .pp..l,d l„ ,h. w ,'; ?''■■', 'r''» 'J. And wl,«„„ 
 
 «« fAr rojte mov ft*), for ttie uLl «« „ i . ^ ""•«"'" Sfiauttm, 
 
 "'d.r. lu «i.ich .pp«i s,"„i;°,"7' •«• r" "" ,:•''' •<""i«'i»» oi 
 
 <M). (orJ.H., K.qSi"tb.Ju.,c,„r,Jl ''''!l'l''''"':'' ""' "" »''' 
 
 before Ihe ' d.v of "f '"' "" ""''' """"ty. »■■ or 
 
 , to b. b, l,|„'l.. ,d.d „»„ io°?h. .'.°l'd cl) "'"'"'"''''•I ■"<! 
 
 I.rk of th. Pom, of th, ..Id oooMy ",. o"th« ^ ' '"f "',"""" "■* 
 
 iTrrL'';;Lrr.o't',:iii„"d'fof-^ 'i-V '■■'' .■'"• ^•° -'<■■ 
 :i;K>trJ:rrr °''^5SSf MA"s:!'rii; 
 
 fr;rh^r^''fh:ci;'r/°o^i:SfH" ?7 - — ^^ 
 
 ^^^O.v,„ „„d., „, h.„d .nd «.l ,h,. ,.^ „, 
 
 • " .1" ""• county .foroMid. 
 
 OK., [i,.|.] 
 
 J. P., (yame o/couHl)) . 
 
 COXSTABLf, R„U«X TO A WaR«A.W OF D,8T»™. 
 
 1, J.K., Con«.bl,, of th, „» , ^ . 
 
 l,o,intyof ,h,r,by„rtUyto . I? and to, th. 
 
 the P,iMe for the Coonty of ,1.., w . . Ewiuiro, . Ju.Uc, „f 
 
 h.ve m.de diligent .,.rch for th. ™^ 7, ","'"' °' "■'" "•""it I 
 n.ined A.B..ndth.t I o.n find notSfffi'^,'"'!. """"'■ "' "'« "'""I" 
 A.B, wheroon .0 le,y t,r.nr r,n'?ltl''r;?.'ui„'rr'^^^^^ 
 
 Witness my hand, this 
 
 day of 
 (Signed) 
 
 , A.D. 19 
 
JJ2 AI-PKAIJ* l'NI»KH lMmiNlt>N I.AWH. 
 
 H.K.K.-(aw««Ml»f.) 
 Wahramt or roHNiTJirxT nm want ok IM-thk" in tiu ia-t . ..e. 
 
 iTovltiP" of < r 
 
 Couuty of • ' 
 
 To .11 o. .nr «f '"• •»»"•>'>•• •■"• »'"•' •"— °"'"'" '° ""■ • 
 
 Ih. «M A.B., 1.1.1 tl,.t »""""•'•':', ''lf'jr.".„"', lt»r., lo'comin.n.1 
 i.iiin.l>ove m»i.tloii«<l could b. r.iuna. "'•"*7' ",',,, .1,', „ia a.B., 
 you, th. ..Id P.«. Offl..™, or ..y ou. ot you, to Uk- 'J* «^ -J „; 
 •»" "I" '%' '"'"""^ "^'.^.-d °.nd"°b.rd.nv:J'..l« .0 .U.'l.ld 
 
 k..p1„m.. l,.ril.bour) 'o'«k.t.rmo |.„j',S;'ri"","l„u™S 
 
 .od.ll .o.t..nd •J""''"' 'S to fh..iw "ommo. K.0I .mouotlng to 
 
 s.%"s'.r'o."- "'" ^.»-77;fv.;;:.^ '■''"•'■' "■'""" 
 
 .Kd for >o doing thl. .lull b. your .ufllol.nt w.rrmt. 
 
 „ "'".? r" "" '"ot"* -' 'in'tb. County"'.Vor.'..ld. 
 J. P., CouDty of 
 
 A.I). 
 
 c 
 
 abandoned hiB right to appeal under Code 879. flna11> and 
 conclusively. 
 
 Appeal Irom Order lor Restoration otlilned "eMj"-- 
 The previBions of part 58 of the Cnm.nal ^''^-^^."^J 
 «.,) relating to appeals from suinmaiy convict .nn by ,)U« ices 
 Tre by Code 571 (2), made applicable to an order „.«.. by 
 a ji.tice under Code 571 for the restoration ot in.ne.l nu.tals. 
 
 On such an appeal the appellant is to give »ec.n ,ty b^ 
 recog..ii»nce to the value of '^e P™perty to pmsec t,- ns 
 appeal at the ■ next" sittingB of the court and to ,-a> such 
 costs as are awarded against bini : Code 880 (<i). 
 
<'»ss HT^rr.u i vi,em ik.«ix,„.v ,.,*». 
 
 N.-l 
 
 » ('), ,w ii„..,i.l«i I.V h. V, T'l' "'■*'""•' ''.> '••"I" 
 IIKX), .-. Mi to JL . "' '" '*""■" " •^-•' 
 
 n«.....i. i.. tf;/:.v™'p^ ;,,::::;";'- ;''':■'''''•• ':."■"- - 
 
 ni™t .,f .i.y cHirtor mU ' ■ ■' "", '*""'"■' "■■ .i'"lK- 
 
 u.- "H,..r p™ r ™ x;;'".:' """rv"""' ' ■•"!" 
 
 >«• taken. ;„.y, „„ .1.0,1",^'' "'''"" ''"•■' " i""''^' '^ 
 
 c--.' under C,;i„ „^""'""« "'"•'• ''I'l-«l. r,.«..,v.. ,.„.| s,„,..„ 
 
 con.liti„„, ,„ thorn, .p urtlZl , ,""•";'"• " ':'"■• "'" ""'»- 
 
 order, det«nnin,tio„ or „th..r T^ .• ''"""J""' " ™'" -''""• 
 P.rt 88 of the l"cX o , h / ^"^■"T "' ' J™"-" •""l"'- 
 point of l»w, ori.u''c^lT""- f'"^ '' '" «"^"->'» i" 
 »uch justice t^Htae-lnl * Jonx-Jiftion, may apply to 
 
 tioned, and if the iu..,V.« J ,■ "'" P"»««linj{ Ih qu™- 
 
 .ppiy to nhe c„uV"tr .'nix t° "'*•" "■" ^^-^ '■"•^ 
 stated : Code 900 (2). ■•«luinnK a ca-e to i„ 
 
 ■ ,'5'"?"t»l0Il.— The temi 'the -,>,«■■ • .1 ■ 
 18 deflneifby ita first nRr.„~ k . "^ •" ""» "«=tion 
 
 superior court of I'^f^P^. '" """"' """l ""=lude, "any 
 which the prM»L"'"''r"ta'^''^"°" f°' "■« P^vince ^^ 
 on": «ndtr^3n r"^ •" ? ^""^^ 900 are carried 
 diction," is inter^f^^ bv P^ '^"'"' ^"""^ "^ ^'"""""l J'"i«- 
 the High Court oTSustL^^n !-"■.<■''>•.««• >>«'"«. i" O-.tario, 
 of Queens B«,ct in Not t ^"W'" '^'^' "'" '""»'' 
 
 Court: and in M;.ltee^^'^:t^-r;r 
 
K4 
 
 CASE STATED UNDER DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 The riijlit o£ appeal, under Code 879, is barred by a pro- 
 ceeding by way of ease stated : Code «0() (U) i see ante p. 82. 
 
 When the riglit of appeal is taken away by any special 
 Act, there can be no appeal by case stated : Code 900 (15). 
 
 When Application to be Made. — Application to the 
 
 iustice to state a case shall be made within such tune and m 
 such manner as is from time to time directed by rules or 
 orders to be made under Code 533 : Code 900 (3). No rules 
 or orders have yet been passed under this provision, and there 
 is no other provision limiting the time within which the 
 application must be made. 
 
 The application for the case, need not be made in writing: 
 see R V. Bridge, 24 Q.B.D. 609. If more than one justice sits 
 on the case application must bo made to all of them : West- 
 more V. Payne (1891), 1 Q.B. 482; and the minority of such 
 justices have no power to state a case : ih. 
 
 The Application to the Justice.— If the justice is of 
 
 opinion that the application is merely frivolous, but not other- 
 wise he may refuse to state a case ; and shall, on the recjuest 
 of the applicant, sign and deliver to him a certificate of such 
 refusal ; provided that the justice shall not refuse to state a 
 case where the application is made to him by or on behalf of 
 the Attorney-General of Canada, or of any province : Code 
 900 (5). 
 
 Form or Cektificate op Eepcsal to State a Case under Code 900. 
 
 I a juBtioe of the peace in and for the county of 
 
 doce'rtifyatthereqneatofC. D., whowaaonthe .«»y»f *•"; 
 19 summarily oonvicted before me on the information of A. B. for 
 (slaetlie charge) that after the said conviction was made, namely, on 
 the day of A.U. 19 , the said C. 1). des.rmg to question the 
 
 said oonTiction on the ground that it is erroneous in point of larf in that 
 (MIC the gromd of objeclion), or that the same is m ejcesB of my juris- 
 diction as such justice for m the case may Ik), applied to me as such 
 j^ilslice to state Lid sign a case setting forth the facts »' *•='»« «»/, 
 the grounds on which the said conviction is questioned. And 1 ;"""" 
 certify that the said application being in my opinion merely f"'oloU8 
 (,„■ iflhc ,,mm,m raud i, ,mc of fad a»,ln,,l „poH "/":"'"/'"" 
 j«rMic(io,n,. slale: sec R. v. Bndge. J< .1.1: CJ!).) 1 did thereupon 
 refuse to state a case thereon ; and this certificate thereof is "P""! »°» 
 delivered by me to the said C. D. at his request pursuant to section 900, 
 sub-section 5, of the Criminal Code of Canada. 
 
 (liven under mj hand at the 
 lliis day of A.D. 19 
 
 n the county of 
 
 Tile justice of the peace above named. 
 
IA»E STATED LSDEK ,K..«,X,ON LAIV.S. S5 
 
 juriH.licti„„, etc., s ". sf J p V. -™u '"" "". » P"'"' "f l"w ">■ 
 Tile certiHcate after shewim/fl ' "'*-"' ^* •'''■ «2!). 
 
 the justice «h„„M L tT«l,o rt V tr'™''"'" "' ■i""'''<'''»"»" "f 
 
 ?"-ive,l at, as being elToneous ,T nnl, . "'" '^''"'""" 
 
 jurisdiction of tl,e justice wTl f " '""• °'' """ t'"' 
 
 was made for a case ,ftated t^j^f '"' ."• "'f *''« application 
 1.C refused to state a ca* on if ""■■'"""■'; "'""'I'l certify that 
 that tl,e ..ppliea.io„\vrn™ ;i™:: :";'.^ ',7 '; «/ oP"-" 
 on a point of law or juriwliction »nd •'!" " "'"* ""' 
 
 «ifr"i-d by tbe.iustice. *""'""• ""'l "'c certiHcate is to be 
 
 to i"•;r.:;i^",L!:rL'*JJ,,*=ricrt''^?'«*''.''• ''■'-■■■"-■*•"" 
 
 R. V. Ciibson, l.i OR 704- R V R '^^^' ''l^^ "" ">'' '""I ■ 
 not one arising before tit' tria V- «"""«'' ^", «*'' ^ -'' 
 <-tts. at p. 436; Jloran v The V\ '■ '""■■'•ay, 1 t^an. Cr. 
 
 Fadern,an,n)en.CC 5«3 Hrit°™' .m •'^■''■'*- •»<»' ^ «• v. 
 421.. A case cannot b 'stated nri:',';^ '^'"■■": '^ •^■^''*- 
 .lustlce merely frivolous- C«le on /a p T"'"" "' '''« 
 
 fact, but only upon anucstion of k«- "■• T? " 'l'"^^^""" "f 
 decision is in excess <Ti?.V •."''''■"■''''''""•■ '''^ justices 
 
 Lctang. 2 Can Tr C,,-""o5'.T^ '^^'"/•*'" '^'^ «' - 
 Hobb.s V. Dance, LR !K'p''io-R 'v'^*""'' ''" ^'J' •'"<»■ 
 J;^^.Po,,ard.H^.^^5„«:^:i,l.^— ^^.^H.. 
 
 ^uc.f;r';be';.S:;;''::?eE'C'f r ^^''■f ' -^ "■"-"••■ 
 
 provide neccssiries for bis ^ Je vou d ( bLh/t " ''""'"'"' '" 
 •njure lier bealtb, cannot K. made T [• -^ ',° P'^"''a"'>ntlv 
 R- V. Mclntvre, .•)! Xs R 49" t/''" ?^';? "' "^-""e "tated: 
 
 Bowman, ,X.S., ., (a'.. (v'f-a;'4 'o*'.'r Vr'',' '''■ "'^° « ^ 
 tan. l.V. Ca.s. 28. **■ '' Ro'Mnson (Ont.), I 
 
 -'"Su°^r;^tri;:'r"" -" "^^-^^-^ -'- 
 
 "Utted ,0 the court, and the « „ r,' ™'*''' 1' '° '"■ -"l'- 
 anytln-n« but whethVr tl e itsti did rf.r '"'"'""'^- '<> -J' 
 part.cuhlr case, and answer' he o , est "«'" °''.'"''"'"'« >" "'e 
 Rotolpb V. Wbitecbapcl. 2 LT 07 Z R^ T:"'''- ■^'''' •^'• 
 'l"™t,„n, whether tb^e is tuffide.a ■^T^iZ.^'r' '' 
 
 il!l 
 
 Til, 
 ■'<upport a 
 
86 
 
 CASE STATED t'NDEU DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 criniiiml charge, in atjuestion of fact, but a question, whether 
 tliuit' is any evid^^nce, is one of law: R. v. Lloyd, 19 O.R. 
 352: (liven v. Pensance, 22 J. P. 727. A case may be stated 
 u|)oii the question, whether tlie facts stated warrant the find- 
 in;f : K. v. Pilkington, I'i L.J.M.C. 64. A t|uestion may be 
 Mtivtefl lis to the meaning of a statute : R. v. Bridge, 59 
 L.J.M.(_'. 49. And even where the statute contains a clause 
 declaring that the justice's decision should be final: Leicester 
 V. Hewitt. 57 J.P. 344: Sweatman v. Uuest, L.R. 3 Q.B. 262. 
 As to what are (|ue8tions of law iiiton which a case may be 
 stated, see K. v. Gari-ow, 5 B.C.R. 61. 
 
 The proper course is, to submit a point or points of law 
 and not to seek the opinion of the court upon the evidence 
 generally as to its sufficiency to support the conviction : R. v. 
 Brennaii. 6 C'ox, C.C. 381. 
 
 The ijiiestion, what threats are sucli a menace as consti- 
 tutes a crime under Code 404, is a (juestion of law : R. v. 
 lJibb<Mis. 12 Man. R. 154, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 340. 
 
 A resei-ve case should not be granted when the magistrate 
 has no <loubt, whatever, on the question of law raised ; but the 
 party may then apply to the Court of Appeal for leave : R. v. 
 Ijftang. 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 505. 
 
 Question of Jurisdiction of Justice.— The question 
 whether the justice acted in a case in which he had no 
 iurisciictinn mav be submitted : R. v. Paquin, Q.R. 7 Q.B. 
 319. 
 
 The question, whether the justice had authority, when 
 hearing several charges against the same defendant at one 
 time, to |M)atpone the adjudication of the first until he has 
 heard the others, is a question of jurisdiction, and it was 
 helil that he must adjudicate upon each case at its conclusion, 
 or if necessary to take time to consider the first one, he must 
 adj<iui-n tiie others and adjudicate on the first one tried before 
 prweerling with the othei-s : R. v. McBerny, 29 X.S.R. 3*27. 
 
 Till' rule is tliat a case is not to be stated upon a point 
 which WHS not raised on the trial before the justice : Perkins 
 V, HuekstabU-. 23 J.P. 197. 
 
 But on an obvious |)oint going to the root of the whole 
 matter, and of which the justice .should himself have taken 
 cognizance, a case may be stated, even if it has not l)een 
 raised on the trial : Ex. p. Markham, 21 L.T. 748. 
 

 '■A»K STATE,, vsnm ,«,,„.V,ON ,.A«s. „ 
 
 K > M„„u.l„„,, lu C.LJ 5," ''"'"''' ""^ ™"vietio„ : 
 
 '"'" '->• 'li- .i>-<tic-t., the „1X., f "','"'. "■'•^ Slivered to 
 JUHtice ,.x. isi,,,, n, " . ". """'' .lustice or any other 
 
 -■•■ty or suh;;^',:', "r.c.r""''""""' ^■"' »'• ^^ 
 
 '""■t, conditioned o p o.ecu e LZ "", T """ J"""^^ »«■■"" 
 O'H ■(.■lay, and to subndt to th7 l,T' '^ ^■•^"'"ted «-ith- 
 P"y «.c-h eoMt, us „e awarded Ltf*""'™' "^ "" »"«• ""d 
 »«nH- tin,... pay ,„ ,l,e jusde . 2l •" '""'" ^ ""'^ "''"'l. "' the 
 
 tli- r,.eof:„i^„ce « „I f 1 ^' '''"' ** "'en h'berated, upon 
 before the «un>e o^uel, oS';„™,''''''"''"' /°'- '- "PP^arare 
 ten duvH af,..r the judgmemo f "' T ^'''" "'""'g' "itl".. 
 
 asa.nst i„ reversed: Code »00 (4) ' ' ■'"^'■"™°" W'"'"' 
 
 Form or HKrawNijAvcF mi- 
 
 Province o( Ontario ' h. ■. 
 
 Coiinty of 'j '"""■en'lMred that on the 
 
 nl,.,.. 1 °' i"tliei.ountyof "^"r' '" • <^- D. of the 
 
 place (oera;.o(,„„) >nd .1 K Hi ,Z l."<-'-iipalim), Q H of th« ..». 
 
 .rcf f: ■"',•'"■" ■■"^"''A re^r,?? 'r''°''^»' ^•■-" " 
 
 ledfte themi^.r'' .'"' ""» "aid county of M.)««y'» Jn.lioe, of 
 
 the King. Er, Seir. .T'"" '"sP'^livelv, to lie use of ^ RO'df and 
 -"nlieion^W'Ve'„n'dT„»?,1e?r"'"°™' " '»: "'''•^^c':\>°X^,tT. 
 rake,, ami .oknowledged the day and year Br,, .h 
 
 •" ,0 the eonnty J, """yJ^i^'X "„"°" "-entioned „, 
 
 vr ? , [Seal.] 
 
 ■^•''- "•'"""'""■»';«»«»■ i" and for the 
 
 ""■ H„„ r„,„, „>l,s;„;:»-,„f« the opinion Of ,„"„t ,„e .-o,,;,! J!';."; 
 
 day of 
 
88 
 
 CASE STATED UNHEK IM)MINION LAWS. 
 
 The condition of tbe above written bond or oblitfatiOD is such tbiit if 
 the Baid ('.I), shali prosecute liie appeal without delay and flubmit to the 
 judgment of the said High Court of .lutttice («s the case may be) and pay 
 such coflta as .thaii be awarded by tbe same ; and further, if the said 
 CD. shall appear before the said the same justice by whom he 
 
 was convicted as aforesaid or luoii other justice as is then sitting, 
 within ten days after the judr^ient of the said court has been given, to 
 abide sucli judgment, unlefia the judgmen: appealed against is reversed, 
 then the recognizance to be void, otlierwise to stand in full force and 
 virtue. 
 
 Ab*r.— The appellant must also pay the justice's fees before he is 
 entitled to have the case delivered to him: Code 900. 
 
 The recojfiiizanco need not l)e entered into at tlie time of 
 the application to the justice, hnt must lie entered into before 
 the case is made up and delivered to him : Chapman v. 
 Robinson, 1 E. & E. 25 ; .Stanhopi! v. Thorsby, L.R 1 CI'. 
 423. 
 
 Tlie recopiizance may l;e estreated as provided by Co<le 
 878- Code !»00 (Ki). 
 
 The fees payable to the justice are 25 cents for taking 
 the recognizance: Tariff under Code 871, item 7; and 5 
 cents per folio for copies of the evidence and papers. 
 
 Application to Court for order for case stated.— Where 
 
 the justice refu.ses to state a case tlie appellant may apply to 
 the court, upon an affidavit of the facts, for a rule calling 
 upon the justice, and also upon the respondent, to shew cause 
 why such case .should not be stated; and the court may make 
 a rule absolute or discharge the application, with or without 
 payment of costs, as to the court seen, meet; and the justice, 
 upon being servi:d with such rule absolute, shall state a ease 
 accordingly, upon the appellant entering into the recognizance, 
 as provided by Code 900 (4): tVlc 900 (fi). 
 
 Where the objection raised was that the justices had 
 improperly received evidence, a rule ordering them to .state a 
 case was refused. It must appear that the decision was 
 wrong in point o' law : R. v. Maclesfield, 2 L.T. 352 ; see 
 Chri.stie v. St. Luke, Chelsea, 8 E. & B. 902. All the require- 
 ments of the statute must Iw complied with Ijefove the justice 
 will be deemed to have refused to state a case. 
 
 A case may be reserved at any time, however remote from 
 the judgment, if it is possible that some material benefit may 
 accrue to the <lefeiidant therefrom : K. v. Pa(|uin, Que. R. 7 
 Q.B. 19. 
 
CANE STATED l-.V„E„ ,««„x,on uh,,. 
 Form OF. AmoAviT (Code 900), 
 
 N!l 
 
 In ihe High Court of Juitice 
 Mke oath and say;- m the tou„ty „f ,(,«.„,«,„„) 
 
 a .ru»^o;j,^o, „h.„h . „o„ «hei t^'".r,;?„r/L"a".';^;;'?-»'i-. 
 
 Esquire, Hie Justice o? the Peace nt^'n'" '■ "PI'oared before E.K 
 
 said Justice. -" "P"" "'» "id hearing as taken do»n by the 
 
 JnsLJ'.'h1t".rs!;!'d%'„"l'!,5t?of^a'srrS "'" "^'^"'■''" "^'"^ "- -"- 
 in excess of hi, jnrisdiction uDor?ht '"'I.' '" P""" "' 1'" (»'■ 'is 
 «""'•»«'»/'««■ »r>™rf;S;S,/,''« Brouad, foilowing („„, i,^;,X 
 
 opii?„VtLi?crru°pa:''.r ';„■•'.'' ••"»""• •» «»'« « -- for „. 
 
 ca'te'^o? ""'K""'°d thStlhe same TrfrreTv?""!' """ ""^ "■'"«'" ° 
 isate of such refusal was tlieii .™?., j t ^ ''■"''''°'": and a ceitifl- 
 eer.„ic.,e is „„„ shewn to''m'e'Z£d"S,i'.;i't 'Y, ^'l ' ' ' 
 
 ii-tiee, nliich 
 
 _ """'"" ""arKea Exhibit "I) •' ' """" 
 
 -.■..IVct-SaSr"'"-" ""■' '' «-«'■* '" »'«« '*« .*, ,„„,„„„ 
 
 'n the High Court of Justice. 
 The Honourable Chief Justice , 
 
 The Honourable Mr. Justice dav the 1 , 
 
 The Honourable Mr. Justice [ A 1. is"'' 
 
 In the matter of the Kins upon the information of A .. • 
 
 °«Vi. at the re,ue;t°'of-r'S t ,f » ~ Se^'°S T^ 
 vahd,ty of a ce'rtain eonVictfo:' ma5e' on" 7"^ •"" ""«'"'"» »' <l- 
 "•orge) npon the Krou1,d"tha° ti;e''LmY ■""' ''''""' ">' "«t (»" oi^lf. 
 
 It IS ordered that the said P p ■■ 'ne said C.I). : 
 - e. Of this order to b^ 'l^^^'^ ^^^^-■^'^'i^ 
 
1)0 CASE STATED UNDER DOMINION LAWS. 
 
 ja.li»e, .hould not h. ordered to .t.to .nd .ign . cm. for the opinion ot 
 thi» court upon the tollowing quertloni: 
 
 errmnlt. or («f '/""'"o" <"■ '» (*e J««C"'» J«"»'('c""»-I 
 
 On motion ot Mr. ot coun..l tor the ,.id CD. 
 
 By the court. 
 
 Registrar. 
 
 Rule ABBOLi-Ti TO State * Case Under Coue 9WI. 
 
 In the High Court ot .luetice. 
 
 The Honourable Chief Justice 
 The Honourable Mr. .luBtlce 
 The Honourable Mr. Justice 
 
 day the day of 
 
 A.U. 19 . 
 
 In the matter of, etc., (o. i« "'c alMeform of rule «m). 
 
 upon the appilcation of the above named CD JP^J -f'-S.^^neS 
 
 SSSrVsif- - ss^^i-Mr '"^ '"- °° °- 
 
 following quentiona : 
 
 {!) (Sef out thequeHtions to be siibmiftetl). 
 
 taxation thereof. 
 
 On motion of Mr. 
 
 of eounael for the said CD 
 By the Court, 
 
 Befristrar. 
 
 SUtement of Case-I" draw,„K up the case stated care 
 should be taken that it contains everj' question ^ be sub 
 mitted tor the opiniou of the court as the court w 11 not 
 diide upon anv question not raised by the justice for its 
 oXion: St. James, Westminster v. St. Mary Battersea, 29 
 S.C. 26; see Hills v. Hunt, 1.5 C.B. 1, where the court 
 refused an amendment of a case stated. 
 
 The dutv of the court on a case stated is silnply to answer 
 a question of law put to them by the .justice : Buckmaster v. 
 Reynolds, 13 C.B.N.S. (12, 
 
 " Form of Case.-Thc case should be stated in a complete 
 form. It should be sijjned by the justice. 
 
*ANK .sTATEI» L'NJ.EK |«jm,m„n- m^,^ ,„ 
 
 Im. f I.. II- 1 ,, (IVlIlK WW.) 
 
 Inihc HitfJi Court of Jd.tlee. 
 
 a.d"c.','r (T/IX'o'" '''"^ •"•■'" "" '"'°™»"«» of A.B. ,*,,,„„„„„„ 
 
 t'ftsc Htat«d by E F i>nt> nt u: \* ■ , . 
 for tbf coun.y if'"' ' "" ''l''^?ry'--''^'"°'' "' "" P"" >•' a..d 
 Criminal Code of Canada. Provi.ion. of .ection MO of th. 
 
 I . On the (jay „» 
 
 jr^. ^J.r „a.,. ,^„,, „, "^^X-te? '^■«" '°'="^" :S 
 
 tbeir «oli«ll„r, (,„ oounBelJ I fo„3 h. Mm ?."!? '*'*• ""> t^"- »"* 
 offence and convicted llim thereof but « -h ""■ «"'"'■ <" "'« «»ld 
 oounKl) for the >.id CD. I .t™te -he f^ U V"""" °' "" ">""''*<" ('»• 
 thi. Honorable Court;- ' following case for the opinion of 
 
 w,.,'; 7*'";,tr„>,t'T„-,s; "■" <*"' '" -" ""■ "•""-o' •>/ /-- ,.,,„ 
 :fP^";i!^i.!^:^SlJz:^;;iS^^;/-}'- «» .-.tion th. 
 ^ei:r;; ;i;i^'&;;ibirs£[S'--'=s:^'^^'^^ 
 
 'BK'*.?, <M/,>r fHsla»ce). ^^'''^^ ^'"■'■'' "'^'^ '*« questions sub- 
 
 _ I. Whether the Munici'oftI Ant k u i\ l . 
 
 -. «°"»tit..tionally validS binding UDonlh''''" ""^r """'"" ^' «>. 
 reaaon of the above mentioned ?actaLt I ''If 'I""'' " '• >"• ^, 
 thereof („,„,«, r„,„„j,j^j°"«'> '■»'»• "ot bound by the proTi.ioni, 
 
 p«rtl?""?,,'e''%^;,7:!;:%-r' — i» '•- o„.. of ti,e 
 
 -rvet.otieeol-a'^reXlacet.lly?'' T'"' ™"' «'"' 
 copy of tlie cast. Imvin i^ T ™' ."^"'"'S "'« »«>ne, with a 
 tl-ep..,pj„;. ^""^•'■"^'"K hrst obtamed a,, appoint.nont for 
 
 FuhM Of NoTicK. 
 In the Hiffh Court of .histiee. 
 
 The Kmg on th. iuformation of A.B. against CM) 
 
 Take notiee that E F Pan,,t-= ... 
 
 A „ ,., .' ',"" Wointfd""'"' " ""'Z''' "- P-- ">' ti^e county 
 A-I>. Ill . at the hour of J!\l ^ . ., ''^y «' 
 
 ," , , • in tl.0 of '' '" ',''^ "oon 
 
 to be submitted by bin, herein, a cop- of which i.' . "fl''"^ "'" '"»« 
 
 Oated this ,..„ 1, "^^ ""''' '* '^^od herewith. 
 
 T^ " " • A.l). 19 . 
 
 Solicitor for the anid C.I). (,.,■ A.B. 1 f""c'",'' '"'' ""> •■''"'™ <">"i"> A.B. 
 Respondent. J ' 
 
 111 
 
I»2 
 
 CASE STATEIl UNDER DOMINION I.AWM. 
 
 NivrirK or Heariwi Cam: Htated. 
 
 iHeatting ami ati/tf ofeante as in above.) 
 Tnke notice that on application will b« made before thi. Court at 
 ,'HROode Hall, Toronto, 
 
 , tlie day of 
 
 A 1> 10 , at o'clock In the forenoon, or ao soon thereaftar aa 
 
 the . npUcatlon can be made, tor the hearin, and i""™'"'"" .^^ 'i* 
 ■■>naot lawarlaingon thocaaeKtatedby K.I'., fcaqulTO, 
 
 . In this matter. 
 
 Court if the queatloof o 
 
 a .lubtit of the Peace for the County of 
 
 Dated "ila day of , A.l). 19 . 
 
 To the above named A.B., and I .,,,,. 
 
 to E.F., t le .luitlce of the [ Solicitor for the said ( .U. 
 I'eace abo%e named. J 
 
 The Hearing. -The court to which the cane i« transmitted 
 shall hear and dcterniine the i|ueHtionsof law arising thereon, 
 and affirm, reverse or modify the conviction, order or 
 determination, or remit the matter to the justice with the 
 opinion of the court, and may make such other order in 
 relation to the matter, and as to costs, as the court sees ft 
 such oiilers are ftnal and conclusive upon all parties : Oooe 
 900 (7 ). 
 
 The court has no authority on a case stated to reduce the 
 penalty awarded by the justice : Evens v. Hemingway, 52 
 J.P. 134. 
 
 The court will not affirm a conviction when material evi- 
 dence was improperly received, even if there was sufficient 
 good evidence to support the conviction : R. v. Dixon, 29 
 N S R. 462 ■ and see R. v. Woods, 5 B.C.R. 585. distinguish- 
 ing Mackie V. Attorney-Cieneral (1894), A.U . 57. If the 
 point has been previously dcided it is m jmhnitn wati 
 will not be again entertained on case stoted : R. v. St. John. 
 2 Jur. 46 ; Hastings v. St. James. L.R. 1 QB. 43. 
 
 Amendment.— If the court thinks tit, it may order the 
 case to be sent back to the justice for amendment, and the 
 case may be amended accordingly, and judgment shall be 
 given after amendment : Code 900 (8). 
 
 The application to amend may be made before the day of 
 argument : Yorkshire Tire Co. v. Rotherham L.B., 4 C.B.N.S. 
 362 • but there must be some snbstontial insufficiency : 
 Townsend v. Read, 4 L.T. 447 ; Pedgrift v. Chevalier, H 
 C.B.N.S. 240 ; Hodgson v. Little, 16 C.B.N.S. 202. 
 
 Who May Hear The authority and jurisdiction v.sstfid 
 
 in th( court by Code 900, for the opinion of which a rawc is 
 
OASE STATEI, ,X„E„ ,„M,N„,v la«x g., 
 
 chambcn,: Code 900 (9) ^ •* *'^ °' ""^'' •^""'^ »'""■« in 
 
 L.J.MC 18« r., pTi V ,"""''■*'■■ *^'' !>■ «"nith 27 
 «0,C.O.R (188«1 It i. ^, "" f"'"'' l>iviNioii under rule 
 
 cation for lV'ut*,hou,ttrfo 'r 'rrr"?''" "P--''- 
 judge in clmnibers. ™""" »'"' ""t to a 
 
 FoBM or 0«Di». 
 
 t.on. for .h, „pi„i„„ „, ,y, &,'h.'°f ,"'.l;'l"? "■» '"""-l-g <."«■ 
 1. C^l mil Ike quuUoM nilmillKl.) 
 
 ^^^BS^^''--^^^^^^ "■' ■"- -• - 
 
 On motion of Mr. „• 
 
 of eounBel for the aald 
 
 By the Court 
 
 juat^e' wl-^tleeTtdtH^r '^ "^""^ '=°""' "'>' -^ 
 Code, shall not « ^Ible o "v "T'" P""'™''™^ "^ '^e 
 reason of such appeal C^de BOoi;?) '" '""'^"' *" "^ "^ 
 
 the "2ourt,td"' '.^3"^^ '"W' f^' °f "- -e by 
 b>"« V. Robert" ir2CP29'|""'f.'''"'r"'- ''"''-- 
 C.B.NS, 242. Cock v. MontT^'l^R. r'^st,'- '"^'- '' 
 
 the ^^^ZZfrJ^^y -fr? to «tate a cane, 
 justice: U. V. BradLrZfry.rnf -ta against the 
 
114 
 
 CASE KTATEI) INIIEK I»IMINICIV LAWS. 
 
 Thf aviilinuit in t;ciifmlly I'lititli'il In Iiih <i».t« nii a 
 
 ilfcinioh ill lii» tn\tmr . .•veil it tli.' iv»i Itnt •l.»» not 
 
 upptw Ui wipixirt till' .jimticfn clici«iiiii : Sliipliiiil v. Kcillttiicl. 
 4!lJ. I'. KiS ; WtMliicBUrry v. Stqilii'iwoii. !• LT. 7:tl, 
 
 On .iimsliintt i> coiivictiiiii. riwts hit ^ivi'ii iij!iiin«l tli"' 
 nrowcutor : Venabli's v. Hiinlimii. 1 K. «; K. 7!l ; and iiiuy Iw 
 alldWfil iiL'aiiwt an officT of llie irmvn wIh) i» pi.iwiMi- 
 U,r: M<M)rv v. Sniitli. iH .I.H. 1!«; WaWi v Thr i;ii..n. Hi 
 ('i)X ('.('. 4:»3. 
 
 On alMiiiioninuiit, or wllun^ tlif appeal by caw Btat.'l was 
 ilnippeil, ciistH wuie oiiluml aRailiMt apiwllant : Ciiiwtii.r v. 
 Boult, 13 Q.B.I). I!H0, and so, i^voii if no notici> of tin' liiaiing 
 of thf appeal is given : and ho, umler tlie Enjjlisli practiw' the 
 appeal could not be lieanl, costs were K'ven ajjainst appel- 
 lant : South Dublin v. Jones, 12 L.R. Ir. H.'JN. 
 
 Where the decision of the justice was i-evei'seil on a i»iiiit 
 not rpisod before him cost« were refused : Stailis<in v. Hrown- 
 iiiK, 12 Jur. 282. 
 
 The justice is not entitled to the costs of obtoiuiiiK leg*' 
 assistance in prepariii); a case state<l : Luton, LB. v. Davis, 2 
 E. & E. 67«. 
 
 But the coste of the successful party may include cluir;;es 
 tor preparing and amending the case stated : Olover v. ftsith, 
 31 L.J.M C. 270. 
 
 Death of Respondent.— The death of the respondent does 
 not prevent the court from dealing with the matter : • lains- 
 bury V. Byne, 34 J.P. 810 ; R. v. Fitzgerald, 20 O.K. 203. 
 
 After Decision Justice may Issue Warrant.— After the 
 
 decision of the court, in relation to the case stated, the same 
 or any other justice exercising the same jurisdiction, shall 
 have the s- le authority to enforce any conviction, onler or 
 determination affirmed, amended or made by the court, as the 
 justice who originally decided the case would have had. if it 
 had not been appealed against, and no action or proceeding 
 shall be taken againbt a Justice for enforcing it by reason of 
 any defect in it: Code 900 (10). 
 
 It the justice refuses to act in accordance with the 
 judgment of the court upon a case stated, he may be com- 
 pelled by mandamus to do so : B. v. Hadeii Corser, S T.LR. 
 5fi3. 
 
c AUK STATKIl IINIIKK DDMIKrilX I.AWH. !)S 
 
 Court may entorM Its own Order.- If it .Ihmmk it 
 iiffuwuiiy or oxpiMliciit tin- cmrt may iiifoiTe niiv cml.T liy 
 il» own proccHN : Code 1)00 (II). 
 
 Certiorari not neoeuary. X,, crtiomri oi- (.th.i wiit 
 "Imll l»' miunvd ill ai<l of this iiiiK-i..iiiin; : Vmh 000 ( 12|. 
 
 t'rimittiil i'lnlf. 
 
 „l,r l;,rl . 
 
 On Summary Trial.-By tluir ,.x|,iv», t,.ini« ,„.iil„.i- tl,.. 
 
 cliiuwH ot th,. ( nininiil f,»l.. ivliuiin: to ,.pi».„|« Iron, , 
 
 MctloliM by jiisticH uii.l,.r part r,H (r.-li; 7!l ^1 «,,/.», nor ll,<. 
 tlau«.N relating to tlu- pHxv..,liiie l,v "cko stotod " l,y 
 .|.iHtici.H (Colli. !)0() ,/ ,„,,,, apply to convi,.tioiw or „r,l,.rK 
 modi, under the clauwK relatiiiK to Huniniarv trials l>v 
 iiiaKlHtrates oxereisniK special suiiiniary jurisilictioii imdJr 
 |>art 55 of the C riimnal I'ode. foil,. 80N expressly exeludes 
 the provisions of part 5N from applying to iiiamst rates' 
 piiJceedinKs under part 55: see It. v. K^an, 1 Can, Cr. (as. 
 Ml; K. V. Boffuie, :i Can. Cr. I'as. p. 4i)2. 
 
 By the Dominion .Statute, I8!)5, c. 40, an app..i I is 
 allowed from a conviction made by two justices under CikIc 
 7».J, i-fls. («) and (/), in the same way as an appeal lies from 
 an ordinary summary conviction by a justice, described 
 ante p. 69; but that statute does not apply to niagi-trates; 
 and there 18 no such appeal from a conviction by a niai;isliate 
 
 Lode 78.^, The only appeal from a magistrate (except when 
 acting 08 an ex o^cio justice) is under Code 742-751 • R v 
 Racine, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 446; R. v. Nixon, by Fei<u8on, .1., 
 24th Sept., 1890. < . • 
 
 „. T¥ *^,°'"'' °f Criminal Appeal in Ontario was fomierk -^ 
 divisional Court, the words "Court of Apiwal," in Code 742 
 being interpreted by Code 3, par. (<■), sub-par. (i), as enacted 
 in the Act of 1895, c. 40, to be "aiiv division of the High 
 Court of Justice." But now, by the Cnmiiial Coile Amend- 
 nient Act, 1900, this sub-par. (e) is repealed, and a new one 
 IS substituted, constituting the Court of Appeal for Ontario 
 the Court of Criminal Appeal in Ontario. 
 
 In Quebec, ^,, Court of Criminal Appeal is the Court of 
 Queens Bench, Appeal side; in Prince Edward I.sland. the 
 Supreme Court of Judicature: in Manitoba, the Court of 
 
Hti CAME XCATtl} tlSDKB r>i)MINir>S I.AWK. 
 
 (juiwii'x Ik'iicli: ami in tlif otli.T proviiicu" and the Nortli- 
 Wintt 'IViritiirii'B, th» .Siipiciiii' I'imrt in Imnc : ^lof ('o.|f H («). 
 Tlif court iH'fori' wliicli any acruwil |HTHon ib triwl may, 
 ..ithiT .luriiiK iir aftor tlic trial, rfwrvi^ any c|u™tion of In * 
 ariiiinK fitlii'r on tlu' trial or on any of tlii> procfiilinipt |>n'- 
 liniinary. xulwuui'nt or invidiMital tlieruto or arininis out of 
 tlu> iliri'Ction of thi' jmlxu, for tin- opiniini of tlir "(.'imrt of 
 Approl" in nianm ' proviilfd by tliu «tatnto : ("oilf 743 (2). 
 
 Either till- iioMJCutoror thuaccuwl may, iluriii); the trial, 
 apply to till' 1 ourt to rtwrvu any hucIi i|«e»tion, ami tho court, 
 if it rofuws Ml to rcMcrvo it, nhall, neverthnlepw, take a not« of 
 Hucli objection : Code 743 (3). 
 
 After a i|Ue»tion Im reiierve<l the trial Hhall procmul aa in 
 other eaw'it: t'ole 743 (4). 
 
 If the renult in a conviction the court may poMtponc aeii- 
 tence or respite it« execution till the ipiciition haii been 
 deciileil, anil may conunit the \wnon convictiil to prixon or 
 admit him to hail, with one o- two Hufticicnt suretieB, in «uch 
 BuniB aB the court thinks tit, to surrender at such a time b» 
 the court directs: Code 743 (3). If the i|uestion i8 reserved 
 a ease shall \k stated for the opinion of the Court of Appeal; 
 Code 743 («). 
 
 If the application is refused the party applying may 
 apply to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal : Code 744 
 (1), (3), as amended by the Criminal Code Amendment Act, 
 1900. Formerly leave of the Attorney-General had to be 
 obtained for leave to apply to the Court of ' ppeal tor leave 
 to appeal by case reserved, but now, by the amended^ Act of 
 1000, the application may be ma<le direct to the Court of 
 Appeal. If leave is i^iven by the Court of Appeal a case is 
 to be stated for the opinion of the Court of Appeal, im if the 
 question had been ri'served : Code 744 (4). 
 
 A case may be reserved, under Co<le 743, at any time, 
 however remote from the judgment, if it is po-iiible that some 
 material benefit mav accrue to the defendant there<m : K. v. 
 Pe()uin, Que. 7 Q.B."l!) ; i Can. Cr. Cas. 134. 
 
 It is a i|Uostion whether the case is to 1k' settled by the 
 Court of Appeal or by the jud're or mafpatrate. Tn B. v. 
 Coleman, 30 O.K. !)3, t'he Court of Appeal niiide an order for 
 leave, which included in detail the form of the cose to be 
 stated, and a direction to the trial .jud;;e to state the case 
 so set forth : See iioti', i Can. Cr. ('a,s. !i'V.>. 
 
CAMIC MTATKr. fSlUR tK.KlNIC.N LAWX ft; 
 
 Bvldmet ft>r Court of Abbmi ir 
 
 "''S'.s^^^^j'eiw-::^' ,;:":;^ f .^ y 
 
 t.. I«. a.m.„,M or ro.«t«.,,| i',X7".V^ " """ """'''■ 
 
 Ax lo till' iiowiMK of the Court of Aon..,il i ■ 
 
 IKM-TOiiN nil. o ntlv conviift..,! tl, . " '"" '»'" 
 
 S«un.l..r„ ( IN!,!.,, I y B 4.m '"- " '"' '"'- "'" "I'l""!"' H v. 
 (•"nni„Kh„„,' f«„,.ll„ Dig ■ 2,^1 .,1 In- ' a'"', '"'"^ " '' 
 
 :^;::;r&t^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Krant...! by thVpouTof a1 ", ,!^'"'" " "'"^' "•"'' »■'"< 
 
 Kesriim, L.R. lOA.C. (i75 ''■ "• '""' «i"l > 
 
 '■-l- 742, i„ on.s,.» u„d"r Vk. 7N, " ""lS.">"'-'"c' un.l,-,- 
 
 f'Ki.. 7s«: R. V. Haw™ (4.?sx',i,rrL'.j .•.;;: '■""■" ""■''■'■ 
 
98 
 
 PKOVINCIAL APPEALS. 
 
 Appeals under Provincial Statutes. 
 
 The provisions of the Cr. Coile rehiting to appeals and 
 "case stated" do not apply to convictions or orders in^e 
 uX p^vincial statutes'; R.S.O. c. 90 expressly excludes 
 the provisions of the Cr. Code in regar,l to appeals, and the 
 Ontario Legislature has made provision for such appeals by 
 RSO c ! £ and by R.S.O. c. 90, s. 7. Code «40 expressly 
 Hr^tstlH. applicatiL of Part 58 of the Cr. Co,le to proceed- 
 ings under Dominion laws: R. v. R Simpson Co 2« O.R. 
 231 ; this applies likewise to proceedings under the legisla- 
 tion of other provinces ; Lecours v. Hurtub..se, 2 Can. t.r. Cas. 
 52! Scottstown V. Beauchesne, Que. R. 5 Q.B. 5.54 ; Superior 
 v. Montreal, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 379. 
 
 (A.) Appeals to the Count;/ JmUje. 
 
 Appeals from convictions and orders of .iiistices under 
 OntaHo laws may be made to the county judge, but only in 
 cases in which by any Ontario statute such appeal is 
 expres.sly allowed : R.S.O. c. 02, s. 2. , „ , 
 
 ISut if the particular statute relating to the offence does 
 not give an appeal to the county judge, an appeal will he to 
 the general se».sions under R.S.O. c. 90, s. 7. 
 
 There is no provision in either of the above Ontario 
 statutes similar to that in Co,le H79, for an appeal by the 
 prosecutor from an oi-der dismissing the case and in ca.ses 
 SX Ontario statutes an appeal lies only at the instance of 
 the person against whom a conviction or order has been 
 
 '""'it is a general principle of law that no appeal lies except 
 bv sta utef R. v. I.ondon (Jus.), 25 Q^B.D 300. ^o appeal 
 can therefore te made from an order dismissing the case : R_ 
 V Toronto P. S. Board, 31 O.R. 4.57 ; B. v. London (Jus.). 15 
 OBD 357; which was under an even stronfe'-..^ ""«> "' 
 tour of an appeal in the Imperial A^t 5 & 6 Will. IV., c. 
 50 s 105- Pavne v. Uxbndge (Jus.), 45 J.f. -m- 
 
 ' The toUow'ing are proceedings on an appeal to the county 
 ju.lge under R.S.O. c. 92, when such appeal is allowed by J.e 
 'statute relating to the offence. 
 
 If the appeal is against a conviction whereby only a 
 ,„oney IK-nalty is imposed, the pe,>,on convicted and desiring 
 o ap^il may deposit with the ustice the amount of the 
 
PROVJV 
 
 .:.\t. 
 
 ''^il.s. 
 
 99 
 
 penalty and costs, and a ,, „ 
 
 •nay enter into a reeogni.: , ;:'?■"'■■ '" '««<! of so doing he 
 
 pa,.t" °^ ■•--'»- is .^ve„1;-,L\^::e1--<"at 
 
 the con«ctmg justice directs 1, 1 ■•°"' "'"'''^ ">«" 8200 a.s 
 
 of ".e penalty and costs awa'rd' t", 1 ''''"'"'' "- -"ol 
 
 ". m iMllier of tl... i " '• 
 
 eu«to,iy and does .tt ".^k'eTr /'" ^''""' ~""eted is in 
 
 In case.s under h 'i ( \ti 
 pending tlie appeal;' bu il" ,7'"'T'j '""»' '•enmin in custodv 
 
 Upon tlie return of fl,., 
 - without hearing fu ,1 eVewr""' "" •*'"'«<'• '''"■er with 
 
100 
 
 PEOVINCIAL APPEALS. 
 
 Fdrh of Summons. 
 In the County Court ot the County of 
 Hi, Honour , Judge of the County 1 d»y the ''»>,"' 
 
 Courtot the County of in Chamber.. I A.D. 19 . 
 
 In the matter of the appeal between A.B., appellant, and t.l).. 
 respondent. 
 . iF^^S ™l:'de;o^mot."''orw^ne«::'"tal°ei''be,ore tfe^onvletin. 
 
 County l^""" Attorney for the county of attend belo ^^ 
 
 chambers in the court honae m the ^^ ^^, ^^^^^ ^ ^^ 
 
 . 5°^ L hv a justice of the peace in and for the county 
 
 court and n»je ^y „;„» ff/'Xeby the said appellant. A.B. „„, 
 
 ° nvlcted fir,hr(Lr,,,,M*. W,„U) the said C a bein. U^^^ 
 
 :s^r ^ j^;^ii;;.ss^ffl^J.';;:ri>.^f and .uashed 
 
 with costs on the grounds: 
 
 1 (Bereslale Ihe orounrfs oC oy.rtioi. 1" '*« '■"»'■'■'■"»"■'.. 
 and upon srounds disclosed In said affidavit, and papers filed. 
 
 .ludpe. 
 
 ORDER ON APPEAL TO CoiNTY .IfDOB. 
 
 day the 
 
 day of 
 A.I). Ill . 
 
 In the County Court of the County of 
 
 The Judgeol the County Court of the [ 
 County of in Chambers. J 
 
 In the matter of, etc. (as in abore mimmona) . 
 
 ^--"/TiT !'Se'=S;Si,^rC^ro? w!!;^sses. tl^i 
 viction htein ."nd'all other, '^e V^P- «n),^„t;'C,'^)"^^ ^ITd 
 '"' "- n?tCetir/.lSh'"du.'y'n"tmerL"h;. be'hali a. required 
 by law as by affidavit of service appears. 
 
 nrd^ and a^ud^^S^^SS""'^ ^^ ^^ ^r" J^^ 
 
 „, ow tU, .Imrge a. /« '*« "'"'V''""' '''^''1^ ^'^/..SS be and .he 
 and it was adjudged that 'l■^»»'f .'\;^: t^^ide w bout costs (.»■ with 
 = io tn:;iVbTr;aMTrto"rh^e'.1id'^B."orth„ith after ta.a- 
 lion (a» Ihe cue »"ip/ he). Jndge. 
 
PHOVINCUI, APPI 
 
 .•ete!l"':?''^-.^deraflir 
 
 101 
 
103 
 
 PROVINCIAL APPEALS. 
 
 judge 18 to certify -T' '■"" recognizance the hct oi Mich 
 default, and the recognizance i» to te sent to the clerk of the 
 peace to be estreated at the next General Sessions. 
 
 The justice is to retain the money deposited with hil.i .m 
 the appeal T-v six calendar months unleas judgiiHi.t is ».Hiner 
 given by the ju.lgc; an,l upon such .iudgment .,r on he 
 Expiration of six inonths from the date of the conviction, the 
 money is to 1« paid ov.r to the person endtled to .t nccoid- 
 ing tc the judgment, but if no judgment is given within s x 
 n.onths the conviction is to stand, and any justice tor the 
 county may issue the warrant of commitment for the unsen ,■ 
 portion of the imprisonment awarded by the conviction, and 
 the appeal falls to the ground: s. U. 
 
 (B) Apwnh to Gmeral Session" u.ivln- Dnlariu /,.'"■■■<. 
 {R.S.O. r. mi. 8. 7.) 
 When the statute under which a conviction is made does 
 not provide to the contmry. an appeal will lie trom ajust.ee 
 or laagistrate to the General Sessions from any convietiu 
 underpin Ontario law, K.S.O. c. i)0, s. 7 ; whether such .Mpea 
 is expressly allowed by the particular statute relating to th. 
 offence or not. , . -i , 
 
 The proceedings on such appeal are precisely similar to 
 those in an appeal under Co-le H7!) et «;,. except that there i.s 
 no appeal, by' the prosecutor on a 'l'""™™' °' » 7; ' ,„• 
 iustiie under an Ontario law ; see eases "o^d Pagc !m^ an 
 it is also provided that in appeals under an Ontario statute 
 either of the parties to the appeal n,ay call -""'^*-^ ""l 
 adduce evidence in addition to the witnes-ses called at the 
 hearing before the justice : R.S.O. c. !)0, s. ». 
 
 Where there is a conviction under the by-law set oi.t in 
 the Public Health Act, R.S.O. c. 205, as distinguisheil tiom 
 any of the provisions in the Act itself, an appeal will lie fe 
 sS conviction to the se^ion, notwithstanding - "2 «' ■« ' 
 has no application : R. v. Coursey, 26 O.R. 685, 27 O.K. 1»1. 
 Forms of Ppooeedlng:s.-The pi-ocecdings P™"J.»i hy 
 Code 880, 888, are made a.^plicable to such appeal, it being 
 t; express y declared in 8. 8 c. 90 ; and the steps to b.- taken 
 rndCns^t notice of appeal and other proceedings will >ie 
 the same as those stated at p. 69, et seq. 
 
 Sec 9 (1) (2) of the Ontario Act are the same as (^ode 
 880 (a) (6) as to the time when notice of appeal is to be given 
 and the sittings of the court at which it .8 to be heard. 
 
CAM! STATED UNDER PROVINCIAU I.AW.V lo:i 
 
 On an appeal under the Ontario .statute the rul,. as t„ 
 tat„ attend, or ,s absent fron, Ontario, or that , t?er 
 
 1, 'b;-:. na '''"'™" '"■ "'"""" '-^ '•"■•■"J '" •«■ -.■v«j Vith : 
 
 It nnwt also be prove,l that the de],o»iti„n.s were taken in 
 
 .oncitoi liad full opportunity to cross-examine an.l ih,. 
 
 deposmons nn,»t purport to be si., ,y , ,;:ti ,,' 
 
 before whon, they purport to have been taken ■' ' 
 
 !)o! s. « ''''"'■'■ ""■' ""•"■' "I'Poaled to : R..S.(). e. 
 
 „otiee'?';?"'i™. T' ''^"''"" ''" "P'""' ''>• "»■"'« «•'' 'l"Vs- 
 
 .i«^S:;r':aJ:;.J^':;;^^:';^-;,;;!;l;'-;n..;n^^ 
 
 njondent, addin. tbesanu. to the iri,,i,.« st , a" i pi d 
 on^he o„g,„al oonvietion or order, as if there' C, Co 
 
 (f.) Cm St.ded nmhr (hiUirio Lmi-s 
 
 S": i ''^ ^■■- f '"^'- ''° "'' "PPb' 'o " eh p-r.* tdin j'." r"' 
 Kobert Snnp,son Co., 2H () R i."!! Tl. „ . ■ i ? ' , ' 
 
 thecony.ct.on or order is made: R. v. Waso,. 17 AR V"l 
 K. V. Edwards, 19 A.R. 706; R.SO e )1 s 5 '" ' 
 
 to a' cite t"llr'r^ 'r '!■*' ir"""' *"<' ''°*» ■'°' »'"™j 
 
 A.1 . 637 , nor does ,t extend to a ,|uestion of the validity 
 
104 
 
 CASE STATED UNDER I'ROVISCIAl. LAWS. 
 
 of soii.f otLer statute sucli a» a utatuto regulatinK procedure 
 ,„• .viauncu, and which arises in the case : B. v. tjiwards, 1.) 
 A.R. "Oti. Tlie followiug are tlie proceedings provided by 
 R.S.(). 0. »1 : 
 
 Tlie case is to lx> stated to tlii; Court of Appeal; and tither 
 party may apply to a justice after he has announeeJ his 
 decision to state a c ise for the opinion of that court. A recog- 
 nizance is to be fntcre.1 into by the applicant before the 
 justice who heard the case, with or without sureties as the 
 'justice may set tit : R.S.O. c. 91, ss. 5, ii. 
 
 See ante [lujie H7. for form of recognizance. 
 If the appellant is in custody and desirous to lie liljcrated 
 the ivcomiizance is to be further conditioned that the accused 
 will iippe.ir before the same justice, or, if that is impracticable, 
 fefore some other justice within ten days after the judgment 
 of thi> Court of Appeal shall be given, to abide such judg- 
 ment unless the determination appealed from is levei-sort : 
 s. () (31. See ante p. 88 tor form. 
 
 The apisdlant is also to pay to the justice the fees 
 mentioned in Schedule A. to the statute, and any other fees 
 til wliich the justice is entitled by law ; s. 6 (2). 
 
 The fees are given in the schedule at the end of the 
 statute ■ K S O. p. a94. And the justice is also entitled, under 
 the (Jntario Tariff, R.S.O. c. 0.5, schedule 1, item 12, to 10 
 cents per folio of one hundred words, for copies of any 
 pajs'is re<iuired to be attached. 
 
 Upon entering into the above recognizance conditioned as 
 provided by .s. (i (1) (3), the appellant, if in custody, is to be 
 liberated • s. (J (3). If the recognizance is not conditioned as 
 re.iuire<l by s. 6 (3), but only under s. (i (1), the appellant, it 
 in r'ustody, is to so remain, pending the hearing of the case 
 stated by the Court of Appeal : s. 6 (3). 
 
 Xo security is required it the appeal is brought by or 
 under the directions of the Attorney-General tor Ontario: 
 s. (! (4); nor is the justice to refuse to state a case if reiiuired 
 by the Attorney-General or under his direction : s. 6 (5). 
 
 In other cases the justice may refuse to state a case if of 
 opinion that the application is merely frivolous ; and in that 
 event he is to grant a certiHcate of such refusal upon the 
 applicant's request : s. () (6). 
 
 Form of certificate is given (iiife p. 84. 
 
CASK ST.m, ™d.R p„ov,.Vcul UW.S. ,os 
 
 notice and an aflidi^.'^ of'"„^ '""f '^^ "■■ ^ "'« court 'np^n 
 'f ordered, the justice .m st Ite w ''• *"> f"""": ""d. 
 "•-»; r™«„iJ„„. heini'lredlr^Tm"^'^- "'"" '"« 
 
 .iuHtice'^:^L;;?w:^',s --";;"«?;"■- "-■«' "■» 
 
 >t» opinion, and „,ake aL c^^t a 7 ,7 ^'' '" ''"» »'"' 
 eosts:l,utnoco»t»«r,.tobcav,ml 1 "" '*""' """^ »» 'o 
 I'pon an order of the (■ , " """""'' 'he .justice: „, 7. 
 ;■"■■; '•- .i"-^tiee who Ird'teel •'''"'' •«"« P--"ted to 
 ''";■»'« the ,.an,e iuriXl i. ' '■"■ ""^ """'^ J««tiee 
 
 '•"force the convic/ion "l .;■„*''■". ■ """"•■ ""'"'"''^y "> 
 "« Court of Appeal, a,, Cttt^"";'''''"™"-)^'-! or n.adeby 
 case would have had i^.is I " i • " '"/'nifinally l,eard the 
 "■o- ■■ - ». Xo writ'o rtt'rr'il "' ""' '"^" pealed 
 proceeding's b..fore the Court " A " T™™'''*' '" "'"^ °' "•« 
 v.ct.on is affinned, and U^e reel.^'^''™' ' "' '"• " "'« <^o„- 
 cou,plied with, it i.s teVtZ TT? <""<"•<"' ""o i,s not 
 
 Herkofthepeacetol'^es^r" wftl'^ "'f-''"''^^ '» "- 
 hy the .j„,,tiee .stating i„ wh'!ttLl ," f^rtiKeate endorsed 
 Pl-ed with : 8. 12, '^■'•*''''' '^ ''*» not been com- 
 
 If^rtf"t"™"'"«'^'="'"*P«0 
 
 appca. ,ie.t ttc^u'LTJutfo^G -"M ^^ ^'"''^-^^ "" 
 ,iust>ce's decision: s, la'^ *^ "' ^"'""•''' Sessions from the 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Evidence. 
 
 Tlu- ordinary rules of evidence which apply to criminal 
 trials, ft« acted upon in courtu of justice, are also applicable 
 to proceedings before justices ; and these rules lire j^-nerally 
 the same in criminal lus well as in civil cases, except when 
 varied by statutes applicable to civil proceedings only: 
 Roscoes Cr. Ev„ 10th ed. 1 ; Paley, lith ed. 124; R. ^^ Bur- 
 dett, 3 B. & Aid. 717 ; and see R. v. White, 4 F. « I*. 3«4. 
 
 The Canada Evidence Act 1««3, an.l the amendment of 
 18()S and also the clauses of the Cr. Code relating to evidence 
 on trials before the High Court, will govern the taking of 
 evidence in summary trials and preliminary in(|uiries before 
 justices and magistrates under Dominion laws. But they 
 do not apply to trials under (Jntario laws, provision being 
 made tor the latU-r by tli.' Ontario Evidence Act, B.S.(). c. 7.V 
 Criminal procedure is within the exclusive cognizance of 
 the Dominion Parliament : B.N.A. Act, s. 91 (27). 
 
 Competence of Witnesses — No witness in any criminal 
 case is now incompetent through crime or interest : Can. Lv. 
 Act 18i)3, 8. 3 ; Out. Ev. Act, R.S.O. c. 73, ». 2. 
 
 But notwithstanding a similar provision in the English 
 Act « and 7 Vict., c. 85, s. 1, it was considered by the court, 
 in R v Webb, 11 Cox C.C. 133, that a prisoner under sen- 
 tence of death, being legally dead, was not a competent 
 witness. 
 
 The character or condition of n witne8.s, or his interest m 
 the subject matter, only affects the weight to be attached to 
 his evidence; and everyone is now a competent witnes-s, with 
 the possible exception above mentioned; and except idiots 
 and lu....dc8, the fonner (idiots) being totally incapable of 
 giving evidence, while the latter may give evidence during a 
 lucid interval : 3 Russell, 0th ed. 654. 
 
 A deaf-mute may give evidence if it clearly appears he 
 has a proper sense of the obligation he is undertaking, and is 
 able to communicate his testimony, lb. A person who is mute 
 may give his evidence in any way he can make it intelligible. 
 Can. Ev. Act 1893. s. 6. 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 107 
 
 Husband and Wlfe.-By ,. 4 of the Caii, Ev. Act IM(i:t 
 the «ccu»«i and the wife or huxband of the accused, is a 
 competent, but not a conipellaUe witnew: but the b„,b,.n,l 
 or wife cannot disclose ny CLniimnication made duiinir 
 marnaj,^. ■■.■■■■^ 
 
 So in any procecdinjf, whether it is a summary trial oi' a 
 preliminary examination umler any Dominion law, the 
 evidence of the accused, or the wife or husband, will i« 
 received only in case it is otTered by theliisi.Kes, and subieet 
 to the prohibition ,n regard to communications dui'nir 
 marriage. ""■■nj. 
 
 In trials for infractions of Ontario laws, however, tin- l,iw 
 Is 'Imerent. 
 
 The Ontario Legislature, by the (^nt. Kv. Act R S O e Ti 
 H. 4, has enacted that, although a witiies:, cannot be eonM,ell,.d 
 to answer incriminating questions (s. ,5), the accused (or the 
 wife or husband of the accused), is not onlv a competent 
 witness, but may be. called and compelled to give evidence for 
 the prosecution before any justice of the peace, mavor or 
 police magistrate on the trial of any pnjceeding, niaiter or 
 ■ lucstion cognizable by him: s. (t ; R. v. Nurse, % Can Cr 
 Cas. .57 : R. v. Fee, 13 O.R. 590 ; R. v. Askwith, 31 O.K. l.io. 
 
 Incriminating- Questions. -But it is submittd that (l„. 
 accused, upon a trial of any ,„atter under an Ontario law, 
 while compellable "to give evidence therein" under s !• at 
 the request of the prosecution, and must necessarily answer 
 any questions tending to incriminate himself in .he particular 
 case under trial ; yet by reason of s. 5, he cannot be iompelled 
 to give any answers to questions tending to incriminate him- 
 rQB"474 '"*"^''' ^'' ^^"""^^ "■■■ Merchant, (1!)00), 
 
 Section 9 of the Ontario statute applies, whether or not 
 XohZ^" "L"'. "■" "^"^ "^ infractions of Ontario laws, 
 which may be designated as •■crimes." The words "not 
 being a crime contained in R.S.O. 1887, e 61 s 9 are 
 Zf'S *1 TJ?'^-"' ?™':'««0'), from s. 9 of th; Revised 
 Statutes of 1897: It having been held that the Ontario 
 Legislature has jurisdiction to regulate the proceedings and 
 evidence in cases under its own laws, whether the offence 
 may be considered " a crime ' or not : R. v. Bittle, 21 O R 606 • 
 and also to impose punishments for infractions of laws which 
 they have power to enoct. B.N.A. Act, s. 92 (15); Attomey- 
 
 :i 
 
General of Canada v. Attorncy-Oeneral of Ontario. 23 S.C.K. 
 458 : ace also R. v. UouKlam, 1 Can. C'r. Can. 221 ; II Man. 
 R. 4U1. 
 
 Tlu' proviHion made by tlie Ontario Htatute «. 8 alxo 
 ditfeni from a somewhat similur proviMion contained in tlw 
 latter part of h. 4 of the Canada Evidence Act. 
 
 In the latter, the huMbamI or wife of the accused is 
 absolutely prohibited from dinclosintt comnmnications made 
 durinj; marriajfe; while under the Ontario statute, such nm- 
 umnications may be made voluntarily, but not compulsorily. 
 
 As to other witnesses ; in prosi-eutions under Ontario laws, 
 u witness is not bouml to answer any ((Uestion tending to 
 incriminate himself: Ontario Evidence Act, R.S.O. c. 7;i, s. .'5 ; 
 while in cases under Dominion laws, the witness is bound to 
 answer all questions, even if the evidence tends to incriminate 
 himself; but it he objects ",■ claims privilege when re(|uired 
 to give the evidence, ihi l.sclosure cannot be used against 
 him afterwards, except for jwrjury in giving it : Canada 
 Eviilence Act. 18'j:). e. 31, s. 5, as amended by Dominion 
 Statute 1898, c. .58, .s, 1. 
 
 Under the latter statute, a wituess who is not a party to 
 tl" particular case which is being tried is liable to be called 
 as a witness and cannot b« excused from answering, on the 
 gro\uid that he is himself also a defendant in a separate pro- 
 secution, in connection with the same transaction, and that 
 his answers would tend to incriminate himself : B. v. Mc- 
 Linehy (Que.). 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 416 ; R. v. Viau. Que. R. 7 Q.B. 
 302; sec also R. v. Jackson. 6 Cox. C.C. 525; B. v. Gallagher. 
 13 Cox, C.C. 61. 
 
 The privilege allowed, in Ontario cases. un>;er the Ontario 
 Evidence Act. of refusing to answer incriminating questions, 
 can only lie claimed by the witness himself; and he may 
 answer if he chooses, notwithstanding any of the parties 
 object to it. 
 
 It seems to be a <|Uestion for the justice or magistrate, and 
 not for the witness, to detennine from the nature of the 
 ((uestion and the cireumstances. as to whether the privilege 
 claimed is well founded or not : that is. whethur the answer 
 would really have the tendency to incriminate the witness ; 
 and a witness must pledge his oath to it. It must appear 
 that the dan^'er to be apprehended by the witness is real and 
 appreciable, and not of an unsubstantial character, having 
 
EVIDIME. 
 
 I0» 
 
 ""Kl't not to „t«t™ct "ho id, li "^"'i *>>■■ »"'' *'""'• 
 
 ■■""H cannot Ix. i.ruHc.cutod Tv , " ■*V'^'- " ""= »*'- 
 l«ned hy lu,«„ of h2? ,1 ''>^, "•'"«'» "' tin. nmtt«r U.in,- 
 I"'" lial.l- tTp..:.™" :; '''L;;:,''f"^''- '■"•"'• ■■"' t.nd tor..n,i..r 
 
 '";«iv™ if it",, ni^t^ioXlr'"' j;f''7;t''"''' ■■■""' 
 
 «lr,rf the party hud i,r,.vif,n»l. i ' """*■"• «'3 : «•"! "o 
 
 "• V. Boy™, 1 B iM oil ^f^r' '""■''"'""' f-'ftl-omnc: 
 tial degr«, huHu t™;tev ,o'";!r''?'' '"*''.'>■ ""•"'"»• 
 
 »tir, 10 QBI) 11(1 u- ■ ,, . " ' • I^""'' V. Mnn- 
 
 ''■^ovivvvoHd/n^KraH;."""'^'"'"'' '•' ^'« ^'■•^' 
 
 .•xt.^rirw*S-tio=r---'';''^' '^'•■■^^"■••- "-» - 
 '";■ -biect „,atte.. oVthrx ^.:nr7'' '^t-"'«"i- 
 
 '■Ht!ct hi.s character and r,.„„(,.t '' " "^' •evidence nniy 
 rxereise his discretion by -J ^llLlf'" """ '•""""■ "''""''' 
 :»« Htale niattern, not bear „ru^n^l "' ''""'"'"'"' ""«•'"'- 
 -f they are such 'as .ue " S ^t r tT^H'^ Tt '"^"'^'^ 
 "( the witness,, veracity am t ! J-, ""."'' ""^ 'f'-xtion 
 •".swer questions m to mat ers ot n »"" '" ""^ '""""' '" 
 •""I which relate to m t!!^ f Pfrtnient to the i»»„e, 
 character. But .uestion.Wri "" 'f ™" ""'> "''«■"""" 
 '"">al character, a 1 Zhtv 7-?" ""■,»"»-«'" P'--s.nt 
 profligate, must tx.. allowrf ^^'^ "' "'""""« '""' '" >». 
 
 Previous Written Statement. ti ,. 
 Vet provides that a wTneT maJT ' """"'" ^^"''^-C'' 
 previous statements made by f in wir"'"'"'"!'' "" '" 
 "■nting, without the . -itin," be ,h ^""'"S or reduced to 
 ■"tended to contradict twirl? '" '"'"• '^"t if it is 
 attention must, before ,„c cont Idict ^ "". '"""«■ '™ 
 b" called to the writing anTtluT.d'^' '""""' '^"" ''^' *-''^-". 
 ''..Hn« the trial, ...ui^trtJIlin^'^lfl.J'^LhlcJVi;- 
 
110 
 
 EVIDCNCE. 
 
 thiiikKHt; «. IT. 
 
 Ami iinilor tlicMnie .Ututo awitnew m«y becroM-exuimned 
 UH t., any iii.'on«i«tei.t »t«l.>n.«nt he may l.av ii.i«l.', ivluliv« to 
 tl,.. m.\.iict matter ; ai..l if I..' ilo.'. not .li.t.nctly adiiiit inakinK 
 then., pr<H.f may !».• Kiv"; I'Ut lu^ miwl Hr»t be a.Wf<l wlnthiT 
 (11- not lif made them: ». l*t. 
 
 Que»tlon»MtoPP«vlOUlConvlotlOM.-A witne«. may 
 aK. Ih. ttskfil wlii'tlHT lie httH IxHM. coiiviettHi of any crime ; 
 ami if lie .le.lies or refui«>K to say, the fttot may 1« pn.ve.l l.y 
 a eerliHeate from the clerk of the court having the r.Tor<i». 
 »M.l by proof of the identity of the witnem: n. Ml. 
 
 The «ame rule applieH in ca«e» under Dominion laws: 
 f„le 'I.") Except a« al»ive provided the aiiHWer of a witnena 
 ill er,»«examination u,»m ,|i>e»tioii8 irrelevant to the iHaue 
 must be accepted ax final, and cannot li- rebutted : 2 Taylor on 
 Kv.. !lth ed. »47 ; K. v. Iji|)ierre, 1 Can. Cr Can. -H-J. 
 
 Adverse Witness. --■Tlie Ontario statute al-.. provide-, 
 tlml a party cannot ilnpi^acb the credit «t his ow.i witne«., by 
 ueneral evidence of liad character, hut if the witness proves 
 adv,.rse, the party may h.. allowe,! to call ev„lence, to show 
 that such witiies« previously uia.le inc<insist.nt statements, but 
 the witness must first U- ask.'d it he made such statements-, 
 s 20 • see Bickuell and Sealer, 2iid ed. 247. In priicecilinp 
 umler the Summary Convictions Clauses of Uk Cr. Code, the 
 proseeutiou is not entitled to give evidence in re,.ly, ll the 
 defendant has adduced no evidence, except as to (jeneral 
 ehariuler : Code 8.5(i (3). 
 
 Depositions In Previous Cases.-By onsent of the 
 defendant, or his counsel, the evidence taken m another case, 
 either the same, or another defendant, may be read as evi- 
 dence in the case: R. v. St. Clair, 27 A.R. 308. 
 
 Sufficiency of Evidence — As to the sufficiency of the 
 evidence, see Paley on Convictions, (ith ed., p 124. 
 
 The I'eiieral rule is that the evidence must support the 
 char-e in every material fact, with specific date and place. 
 But "a variance as to time lietween the evidence and the 
 information, summons or warrant, on the summary trial, is 
 not material it the information was, in tact, laid within the 
 time limited by law : Co.le 847 (2); nor as to the place, if the 
 oH'ence was in tact committed within the justice s jurisdiction ; 
 Code 847 (3) ; nor any other variance : Cixle 847. 
 
rVIDENCt. . 
 
 .l.m tm.„ to „.«.t 11... ".w Sc - f ""<^^/",»fiv. ,1a. ,k,f..,.. 
 unJer <J„t.ri„ !«„,; R.slrc »S^ / """"""'>■ P"-*"-."!..,,, 
 
 Privllesred Offloiai Communio.tlon. ,■ 
 
 <)ov..„„„„,„ „,.„ ,,H,,-,, ,.,7 ' ' • ;;*^ml .nf«r,„a,io„ „r 
 
 public i„t„r.,Ht u.\l,^l.J:. i,., ,,,'")"' '" "^^ ."«"'""' ""• 
 without tl,,, fon«,,a „f th,. I, .', " ^'"y •■^mmt Ik. ,|i«.l,^,| 
 
 ArehiUKl. 21 OR 55a ^ ^ '"•• •*"•*■ Hu.„p|„,.y v. 
 
 tl.B (Jov„r.„„.„,, „, 1 a TtZ ,1 ;'""■ '" '" «''■••" '" for 
 not for the .jud«e or „,«"n«Irat!' ''' ''""•"^■■" •^onc.mo.l. «„,| 
 
 of h,, information, or u" Zl th" ll "y°^ "'« "°>"e" 
 
 rea^^'tll^tr:?— ;::;:• ;!-^|;'- »7 ^^ P-t. if, for a,„ 
 for the. answers «o,' Id , J, ^ rn.^v';;/"" ""' """-»'- 
 pro^e e,ther the guilt or inn,K.eno:":f'rh:":;Z;d" '"'">' '" 
 
 . ""^P^'ons and Conditions -Ah to .h u ■ 
 
 in e««e« of provi™..,, or exocntta„» f ' m" *""'''''" "f P'oof ' 
 particular law. (;o<lok52 pSes hi?. ''" ."P*-™""" "f a 
 negatives any exception, p ^vt or con'd ir" ""•' """■•■■"'tion 
 prosecution i, founded, i shaH L^h^ " "" "'"'<•'' "'« 
 
1J2 EVIDENCE. 
 
 of the omission to negative circumstances, the existence of 
 which would make the act lawful, whether they are stitwl 
 by way of proviso or exception, in the same or anotlier 
 section of the statute. 
 
 It an exception occurs in the description of the oHeiice ni 
 the statute, it nmst be negatived by the prosecution, otlu-r- 
 wise the defendant is not within the description ol tin- 
 offence- but it the e-xccption occurs by way of proviso, and 
 does not alter the offence, but merely states what pei-soiis are 
 allowed to take advantage of the proviso, then it is liir the 
 defendant to prove that he is within the exception : ^>j"P»"'' 
 V. Ready, 12 M. & W. 7;)(i; K. v. White, 21 (R 3o4; K. 
 V McNicol, 11 O.R. 659; see K. v. Xunn, 10 I'.R. 3! o, in 
 which it was held that a proviso allowing military bands 
 to play in the public streets, was not .in exception re.|Uinng 
 to be negatived by the prosecution or in a conviction tor play- 
 ing musical instruments contrary to a by-law. 
 
 But a conviction was held bud, notwithstanding sub-sec. 
 8.55 tor not negativing the exception in a by-law under s 
 583 of the Ontario Municipal Act prohibiting hawkers and 
 peddlers trading without license, but excepting from its 
 operation the manufacturer or his agent peddling g.HMls 
 inanufactured in Canada; R. v. McFarlane 33 C.L.J. ll.». 
 R V Smith, 31 O.R. 224; and see Ex p Heirell, ^o 2. 12 
 Man. R. 522; 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 15; R. v. Strauss (B.I.I. 1 
 Can. Cr. Cas. 103, 108. 
 
 Public Documents.— As to proof of public documents, 
 see Canada Evidence Act 1893, c. 31, s. 7 ; Ont. Evidence Act, 
 R.S.O. c. 73, N. 21. And as to proof of private documents 
 sec 3 Russell, 469. 
 
 Municipal by-laws are proved by producing the original 
 hv-law or a printed copy certified by the municipal clerk ; 
 Ontario Mmiicipal Act, B.S.O. c. 223, s. 334 ; and they, can 
 only be so proved : R. v. Dowsley, 19 O.R. 622 ; R. v. Bunks 
 (N.W.T.), 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 370. 
 
 Proclamations or orders of the Governor-General, or I.ieut - 
 C.ovemor-in-Council ; or rules, regulations or by-laws made 
 bv the Govemor-in-Council in pursuance of a statute, and 
 published in the Cimlda or Olifnrio Garrf^', do not re.iunv 
 l> be proved, but are judicially noticed : Code 894 ; Canada 
 Evidence Act, 1893, c. 31, s.s. 8 and 9; Ontario Evidence Act, 
 RSO. c. 73, s. 25. But a cutting from the OJ/icmJ (.nzetle 
 is not sufficient evidence : R. v. Lowe, 48 L.T. 768. 
 
EVIDENCE. ,lj 
 
 pen^T^llhe'^-pJr o/^^'^jP-ve^ the age of « >-„, 
 2«9, 270, 283, 284 and 934 r,A„ J i' n ■^'?' ^U. 216, 2H1, 
 i» prima fa.ie evidence ^^ ' ^''^ ^'^^- ""^ following 
 
 offiot,ratZg°LToio'foreJr„rt',r ^^^^^'^ - "» 
 
 absence, or LcorroSontm "'".^"""■"''d; or if, the 
 may infer the ^e m „ the vo^' ■"''' °^''«''' ''''' J™"<=« 
 Code ro, 0.) in th^Cri.„iLf^rA";:f„CrieSoT4V 
 
 and also .,eo 3 eL. of tt '^^'^ t^^,^ «-■'■ P- ««« : 
 
 re,ui"d'b,.x„tr"S:Vcrir°'"^''f^ "•'*■- "- 
 
 the oases of tJ'e offend! a ponv-jction can be made; as in 
 tl.e Act of 18 )5 c 40 "h° "f '" ^"^^ «***■ ""•""'M by 
 
 corroborative evidence- fn ,, """"" .'o convict without 
 evidence of an a^complik **"''' '" "'" ^^ of the 
 
 «>rroboration,isv~pTFelT "^n^'^f''' *'""">* ''■'y 
 by R. V. And.ew,, 2 Onilt'""!' L^'^'^- **"■ '""""'^^d 
 the trial usually advises the lur^l'i™^'' "^-^ J-^Ke »' 
 convict on the totallvl •'!P^ ""*' *■"*>■ ought not to 
 
 piice, still it": LCvTfh 'r^'-;""T °' "" — - 
 
 that he should do m T^. An^ "^"^ "* ""> -conviction 
 
 ■nay convict, notwitltandiLtch Jw::^^! ""'' '""^ ^'^ 
 of the truth of the accomn^f' ^ ' ^ "'^^ *'•' satisfied 
 C.P. 389. R. V. sfurCr'^'^rcc X"/- ^n'^-^°"''- '« 
 Cox 291; R. V. Beckwith, 8 CP 277' R. V'^'"«'l''i '' 
 QR 415 ; 3 Russell 63fi s„ '• J- ' , Mun>er, L.R. 2 
 for trial on simiirevidete •■ ' "'""'''' ^""'^ » ««'«' 
 
 of bo"th lud^^rd'^ju'^'*'':^-- the justice is in the place 
 credit due to the S^ss is evcln!^f ° "V^""^' "'"^ the 
 the justice who tries the ^e """'"^'^'y "" the judgment of 
 
 ofan":ctm|:?icrwiro:rLrLt*'f t"^^^'' '-«"-y 
 
 -e^the tru^h of l^'lZZ^Tr^ t'^Sd 
 
114 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 8„,nf tact deposed to, independently of the evidence of the 
 ^^^omplice, le^ing to the inference tliat *« «cu^d '» 
 iniDlicated in the offence : R. v. Stubte, 7 Cox, C.C. 48 see 
 Xtt Can. Cr. Cas. 261 ; and the "nconfirm^ ev.dence 
 of several accomplices is of no greater weight than that of 
 one K v. Noakea, 5 C. & P. 326. 
 
 Corroboration.- By Code 684, 68,5 no person is to bn 
 "conS" of any of the offences specially mentioned m tha 
 «,etion upon the unsupported testimony of one witness, but 
 U, IsectiS^. applies only to the iM of the case at which the 
 accused may be ,:oni:Med, and does not apply to a pre 
 Hmi. iry enquiry before a justice ; and the accused may W 
 committed for trial without any ^^^orative evidence^mg 
 „iv,.„ before the iuatice : Ke Lee, 5 O.R. p. 597 , Be lazier, 
 io R P «« -li also S.-S. 2 of a 525 of the Can. Evidence 
 A t l"»i. P>-ovide« that no case shall be d«i*</ upon the 
 ev?d, ice of"^^. child which has been taken under s. 25 w. l"^ut 
 oalh «nleH.s such evidence is corroborated : see also Code 685. 
 
 ■Ihe word -decided" refers '» ^^ " «™' '^^7°°504T 
 cmvictiou (see Imp. Diet.; Naas v. Backman, 2» ^•^■R f*>; 
 and it does not refer to the prehminary enquiry before the 
 Iti I ». an indictable offence; the result of the inquiry 
 It ting a "final decision," but only that there is a proper 
 case to lie sent to a higher court for decision. 
 
 The word "decided "in s. 25 (2) of the Can. Evidence 
 Act, it is submitted, is equivalent to the word " eonvicte.1 in 
 CiKle 684. , , . 
 
 If so the case may be sent for trial on the unsupported 
 and „:^orii stateme'nt of the child, "otwith^f^^f f.f.-^j,; 
 of H 95 above mentioned : see Re Lee, 5 O.R. at p. »»7 , ne 
 Caldwell 5 P.R. 217: Re Lazier. 30 O.R 419 ; R. v. Peacock. 
 R Tr 278 ; R V. Wood, 5 E. & B. 49 ; Ex p. Vaughan, Q.R. 
 2 g B 114 ; Mould v. Williams, 5 Q.B. 469. 
 
 But on the summary trial of a case ^-'r J J"«*;;" i;.^ 
 magistrate, such witness's «"".-'"™* Jf^'l'l'^Can Ev 
 corroborated before any conviction could be made. Can. 
 
 Act. 18!t3, ». 25 (2). « A s, 
 
 As to what is sufficient co"'''"™''^^" T Pan Cr Cas 
 Eni: Enc. of Uw, 7th ed p. 866 : K. v. Wyse, 1 Can. Cr^ Cas. 
 6 'r. v. Conolly, 1 Can. C. Cas. 468 R. v. C'le". " ^^^P^^^*^' 
 R V. Vahey, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 258, and notes; R. v. McBride. 
 2<> O.R. 639. 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 stances of, and as to X L "''"'■f; ""* ">" "i"""'- 
 
 Jeath, may b« Lved uL^T 7"?°""''''" f"-" the cause of 
 
 a justice or\„/oZ '™ ,™ Tl ''" '*"*"""" '»'"=" l-J- 
 S^-neral rule tlit only sworn 1,1 «' '.".*" 'i'^P'^P"™ '" "•' 
 b.,' received and it is nn M ■ "*' '""'^ evidence can 
 
 the dyiuK person! ^nsciotnS^Tf '" °T"''^^ ""^ """ 
 such a solemn characteTtZtit I „ "."P^'"'"'S de«th is of 
 of an oath, and cr«^teTa n ,r '"."'1'"™''^'" to the sanctity 
 '•■"posed by a posit veoltTan^*'''" r'""' "" """ '-'"'h " 
 Ashton, 2 Le^n 47 R v W "J^l ""' ** ™ °»th ^ K. v. 
 R. V. Bernardotti 11 Cox 31 ^°^"°',''' ' ^^^' C-^"- 500: 
 fas. 623. • ■"*'■ ^'»»'''> V. Freccia, 5 App. 
 
 Wen^reUtbl^orrth^R' ''"s",, '""■"^ ^-^'^ ^ — '<> >-'■ 
 J".kius, L.R. 1 CCR 187 """' ^'"■- ''*"fP 2.-)3: R. v. 
 
 ^.ee!!:^it^;: ;L:i:d Z:i^^ r -" -■ '- 
 
 deceased believed that his death w„l "^^- ™' "'*'''" ">'^ 
 
 I'ad not even the sl^ est hon, 17 ""Pendn.g a„d that he 
 ^"/"v. in which a statement bv^thlT-'""'^^ " ^- J™"^'™. 
 had-atpresent-nolZc^f 2 ^'"^ P*""*"' "'«' »he 
 
 the evidence. There m^t t » »7'7r '"'''^ '" i"™lidate 
 of death: R. v. S^^t.l/ .^t't^ W" -P^^tation 
 
 tox, aC 503 : and that aln ost immed'Ltelv R ^ ,f' ''"' '^ 
 Cox, C.C. 1 : See R v n«„;j """f'^ely. R. v. (Lsman, 1,5 
 
 which the statement by d^eS'Lth"- "^l ^''■'- ''''■ "' 
 and y..as " going fast/wal h^.f^ei 'n7'1:f "'• " ^''^'«?^>■ 
 of his inunediately impending d^ifK *"■ '* ""^ '»'i<''' 
 
 R. V. Whitworth, 1 fTf 382 r? "■*' J"" '*"'■" f™"d«l : 
 the evidence is admiss^bt and ^he TV^t "■"™'' °f P""'-^' 
 thought him likely to rc^v'er R %lT2FVv\rr'"' 
 Whitworth, sitpra ; or the fact th,f ^ \ ^ ^- 21 ; R. v. 
 tained a hope of I'ecoverv „ni . ^bsequently enter- 
 R. V. Davidson, 1 cZcr'^cZ\^f T^'"i' '"'' testin.ony .- 
 C.C. .56.5; R. ,:. Taybr.'Jc^tc'C ^f- " "•"""^''' '^ ^'^^ 
 
 the trhe^rar'tre dect?*^ "' !?'"<' °' ""^ ^^-'^d, at 
 wa.s,astohis^c„vtl t : r n""" ''''' '^'■''f "'« 
 
 R. V. Morgan. U Cox^C C 337 R ^^^P"'"''' ^ ^^.C. 1.51 ; 
 - .apse of time betw^e^' it^ i^i^nd^ tt^Llt 
 
 !l 
 
It ■;! Ji 
 
 116 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 I 
 
 * ^ol if it is clcarlv shewn that he believed himself to 
 The "iy dy'inf ttn he made the »— n^^,,«- 
 THnckler, 1 East, P.C. 354 ; R. v. Mosely, 1 Mood. C.C. 97 , K. 
 V Bonner. 5 C. & P. 385. 
 ' In R. V. Bernardotti, 11 Cox, C.C. 316, the declarat.™ wa« 
 received, although the deceased lived for three weok^ J"^ " 
 k. V. Reaney, I^ars & B.C.C. 1.51, ,u;«-«, he deceased sur- 
 vived eleven days after making the declaration. 
 
 Bnt it is prudent to have the statement made or rep.ated 
 at as late a period as possible. , . ., j „i„™ 
 
 The burden of proof of the facts -"i-mg he declara- 
 tioD -eceivable, is upon the prosecution : «/-.,''™'""*!\''„„ 
 1 cCTl87 . 20 LX 372; or on the accused,, "-evidence 
 is "'■■ .ed in his behalf, as it may be : R. v. Scaif., 1 M. & 
 
 ""■"see'Lther, R. v. Forrester, ,0 Cox C.C. 471 . R. v. God- 
 dard 15 Cox, C.C. 7 ; R. v. McKay, 11 Cox^ C.& 148 ,R. v 
 aaru, 1.^ , R. v. G oster, 16 Cox,C.C. 471 , K. 
 
 4 ^e 1^ Cox C C 170 i R. V. Whitmarsh, 62 J.P. 711 and 
 L'rcti 3 Russ''354 ; Archbold, 22nd ed. 294. 
 
 A sense of danger is not sufficient : R. v. Ihomas, 1 C ox, 
 
 ^'^If^ the belief is not of almost immediate death, ".y, not 
 on the tm^day, it will be insufficient : ^^J-^ [, 
 & P. 238 ; B. V. Whitworth, 1 F. & F. 38,2 , B. v- vjsiimii, 
 
 ^""it^stms that the deceased's b-.liet in impending death 
 will not ^presumed from the nature of the wound, and that 
 hmtt Known of his condition, ""!«- -o.npanied by 
 
 rarircr,trK"v"C;rFT'F.sVR. ^:b^^^ 
 
 n^p^.!^ n.d n. have e^^^^'^^ 
 immediate death, if it can oe cie ^ Uach, 504; 
 
 nrs,"B. 1 actT8t r. &o. . p. 38. 
 
 LloyFi C. & P. 233; R. v. Hutchison, 2 B & C. 608, R. v. 
 Newton, 1 F. & F. 641. 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 117 
 
 declaration of a child four vl^~„M ' "^"i^Wo; and the 
 3 C. & P. 598. ^ " "'"^ **« "^JWted: k, V. Pike, 
 
 death, the evfdence til 1"' ^fve'd ■ The Tr"' "?""^'''''' 
 ten years old was Reived: Kr^;^ VcTAsr'''" 
 
 they r:,td'.:thf lt:fo''/r ™-^ -eivedaltho>.gh 
 generally, and not to t\TuZ- , '^ Pn'Oner towards her 
 Murton, 3 F & F 492 '»'*"'"''"• ""^t of ill-treatment : R. v 
 
 ™icMe?Ci r::!|;"e^T„ °R^ T S?"? <^- ^^ '^ " case of 
 Drummond, I East PC 353 ^""=''''"'' ^ D™- V. 6; R v. 
 
 the]X:!vtt wc^is'^rf^t"^^ -"■"- '^ f» 
 
 weight is for the jurT R V i.ftl, Ts n"' S^"' '^"^ ""<' '^ 
 
 22nd ed. 294 ; so both are fn^ ' 5 '^°''' ^C- *70 ; Arch. 
 
 , so ooth are for the justice in a summarv trial 
 
 of d!ratiris"raTeria,'1:i«^ I>,ec.arat.o„._Th: for.n 
 the deceased might te "rail vn.^''^''^ ""*M »'*'™'= 'of 
 statement reduced to „rUn/an • "T." " ""bso-i^ent 
 wa.n tp,^ R. v^Trlnirte^B \^ """T*^ 
 
 K- V. Gay, 7 C. & P. 230- R v tJ^^ . , „""' '^'^ ^^tra 
 and .e R. v. Wallace (l"s98^9 Nr^X^t/l^, 3^« ^ 
 
 stat™iTi:':du"":dt::iS:i.';r '^rL''!'"'''''' ">*' ^^ «•« 
 
 of the deceased ; iTin arwe; V ! ** '" ">« actual words 
 answe.. must be p'ved R t &!?'•, r"p''"^'''°™ """^ 
 dmsentirg from R v, Mann 49 J P^Jf " " *?"^- C- C 503; 
 
 ■""t' *'%^p- ««o^ K- V. w^ik,'tlrhtc'5;2'''''"- 
 -^P-^i:;^;^!t^:^----^he. 
 
118 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 uned; first Uking down h« »t?«*™«".'" ^ '°„^,;'Se'li» 
 hi» .Ipath is impendine almost immediately, and that he lia» 
 no hot of rXery f and then taking down a ;■'»'<•»"'>" ° 
 theXlf W, inl^^ries, who inflicted them, and under what 
 
 circumstances. . , , 
 
 If nracticable, the declaration should be signed 1)> th. 
 per^n nS '» »« ^ell as by the justice. The declaration 
 L7L take/in the absence of the accused; -^r^l^ 
 
 weight to l« ?iven to the testimony. 
 
 1 statement made in the presence ot * - -^n o a 
 which cannot be received either as a dymg declaration .r as 
 
 reasonably done so it it were untrue and did -oi^^^^^^l 
 act dissent from it ; K. v. hm.th IH tox, 1.^. *'l • " ■ 
 receivable as an admission by the accimd : R. ^■ i^teele, 
 
 Editions arc fulKlled : R. v. Woodcock, 1 I-each. ( .C . oO. . 
 R, V.Woods (B.C.), 2 Can. Cr.t as. lo«. 
 
 I( a written declaration is lost secondary f'do"", ^'f 
 what it contained cannot be given : R. v. l,ay, 7 t . & r. -^ ' . 
 
 ""ITt'o'lhrvl^ue to be attached to a dying declai.tion . 
 «,eRv°Spilsbury,7C.^P.l«7.Rv.Asbton,-2Uw,i,, 
 
 CC 147 ; R. V. Reancy, Dears & B. 151. 
 
 ■ If the evidence ot the dying person can te taken on «..th 
 in the usual way under the CA. in the presence ol the 
 accused, it may be so taken. . 
 
 The opposite party may give evidence to explain, or 
 eont^die^'C othLwiL invalidate the dying dcclaiation : 
 Carver V. U.S., 17 S.C.U.S. 228. 
 
 r;;irlL^;:c:ndiU™s ILI indicated a.. con,p,ied 
 
EvrOENCE. 
 
 Il» 
 
 with ; and ought not to Hcrutinize it too closely or reject the 
 
 IS shewn that it was his duty not onlv t„ Lt\ .1 } 
 "■cord it, and that the reeo,-d Ja mal a .Li " "^ ^ 
 it is shewn that he Imd no inTet-.T , •- "'"' '' 
 
 facts: .Sn,ith V. Blake y LR /b '2fi'''Tr''";f '*'* 
 tWn 3 P.D. 156; IV^assey v X- n'ch I. -?7 
 
 And another instance is, in the case „f „,•: 1 
 statements made to any one bv a d L. !J evidence ol 
 state of health. This e^vWence i, ^^1™W '"'T "" '" '"" 
 nation of a charge relatin/rth: ^se f 'tl.Tdtih'oflhe 
 
 Any confession or sUtenient tending to .shew .niilf if if 
 was freely and voluntarily made is receivahle,, ^ '^^ 
 and if duly made and satifactorily ^r'ed U < i';::?t™a:d 
 
 or impli«l,^or W^^^.igi^ ^RSIXotre' .' 4?^''^ 
 ot the Laws of Eng., vol. 3, 147, 2(!.3. ^ ■■ ■*<'^ . r.nc. 
 
 The test is whether the words import cither a threat of 
 evil or a promise of good : R. v. Jarvis, L.R 1 C (■ R 96 
 
 Ihe onus ,s on the prosecution to satisfy the court unon 
 these points, beyond any doubt: and if ,f„t satlsfiedTie 
 
 
1*0 
 
 IVIDENCE. 
 
 court will reject the evidence: K. v. W»">ng|««"' * ''•"■ 
 C C 447 (note) ; R. v. Thompson (1893), 2 Q.B. 12. 
 
 The eround of exclusion is, not that there is any presump- 
 tion o! law that a confession, not given freely, .» false ; but 
 that it having been n.a,!. under a b.as, .t would not be sa.e 
 to receive a statement n.ade under any '"fl"""™ °! ^f ' ' q |- 
 V Gardner, 1 Den. C.C. 329; R v. Thompson (1«93), 2 «.B. 
 12 • K. v. Baldry, 2 Den. C.C. at p. 442. 
 
 And in the latter case it was pointed out, that the objec- 
 tion to telling a person charged with «•>»'?'?<=« '7' „■: 
 would be better foVhim to speak the truth .», tha' "«»« 
 words import that it would be better for h.m to say ^- 
 thino thus holding out a temptation to make a fa se state- 
 S into which the prisoner might fall under the .nfluence 
 of the emotions thus aroused, especially in a moment of 
 great distress. , , . , , • .1, 
 
 The principles above referred to and laid down in the 
 Warringham and Baldry cases, were affirmed in R- v. Ferni^ , 
 7 O B D 147, in which it was stated, that any sort of thrrat, 
 or violence, or improper inHuenee, direct or implied excludes 
 the evidence. And these cases were approved and followed 
 by the Court of Crown Cases Reserved in »■' ™P«'^»' 
 decision in the recent case of R. v. Thompson (1893), 2 Q.b. 
 12 ; and also in R. v. Romp, 17 O.K. 567. 
 
 In R V Thompson, it was said, " If these principles and 
 the reasons for them are, as it seems impossible t« doubt 
 correct, they afford to magistrates a simp e test. Is it proved 
 satisfactorily that the confession was free and voluntary . 
 that is, was it preceded by inducements to make a statement, 
 hetd out by a ^rson in authority > It so and the induce- 
 ment has not clearly been removed before the statement was 
 made evidence of it is inadmissible. 
 
 The inducemer'. w fear, to invalidate a confession, may be 
 by words or conduct, or both : R. v. Gillies, 11 Cox, 69, and 
 when the confession is obtained by words or conduct, which 
 Iturally must create hope or fear, although not made in express 
 terms, it will be excluded: Brani v. United States 18 
 Supreme Court (U.S.), 183 ; see also R. v. Partridge, 7 C. & 
 P 551 ; R. V. Drew, 8 C. & P. 140. 
 
 It 1 conression is obtained by an implied threat, or by 
 means of a false statement of fact, by a person in authority, 
 "is not receivable. As, where a person charged with steal- 
 
! i 
 
 EVIDINCE. J2, 
 
 be«n seen taking th" "ette™ H ^ M it'^T^'^ '>' ""^ ■** 
 Cm. 221 : 32 C LJ 7*^1 McDonald, 2 C.n. Crin,. 
 
 brotlier of the accused or .,, , confesHion, » made to a 
 
 eate it to tl e late^L l*? "■^' ^'^t "''«'>' '" con.nmni- 
 able AnH ft ■ ' . ™"fe««on 80 obtained is not receiv- 
 
 me, t wi or wl'?";""""' '" """'' '"«'■ ^h""- '"■«' ^a o- 
 
 n.ent:,ti°;:rtrrtM^rr,?d im "•'•' "° '""""- 
 
 "hew such a connection asthat i ' '''l'"'^'"""'*"''"' 
 
 Doherty 2) 13 Cox 2* - ^ "^^ * *' "* ''"°''' ^'*' "• '• 
 
 B rv . ' ■^*' "*» »'80 R. V. Gillia 11 ("nv Ofi- 
 
 R. V. Dmgley, 1 C. & K B37 ' ^""^ "* • 
 
 ta^f ^^7^^^^- --^^s^" 
 £;nr:^i-::s---r^n.^^ 
 
 evidence is receivabir 3 Ru^ll 40^ ""f "^r'^'' """ 
 ™te, 11 Lox, 686 cited, 1 Russell, p. 498 (w). 
 
Itt 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 But in R. V. FInkle, 15 C.P. 463, » confenHion hsving been 
 made under an inducement held out by the prosecutor ; and. 
 afterwards, the prinoner, aftiT having been duly warned ni 
 the usual way, by the magistrate, made a second confesMion ; 
 the second confession as well as the Hrst was rejected ; the 
 judge not being satisfied under the cfrcumstances ap|)eanng 
 in evidence, that the promise of favour had not continued to 
 act on the prisoner's mind. The warning in such a cuw 
 should, besides the usual caution, iiIho include the ilistinet 
 
 statement to the prisoner, that the tirst confession cm t Iw 
 
 used against him. 
 
 A confession made to a mere stranger to the matter and 
 not a " person in authority " is receivable, no matter wliat 
 statements the latter may have made, for no hope or fear 
 could properly, or would naturally, arise in the nnnd »l the 
 accused from statements by a jwrson having no autlu.rity : 
 K v. Taylor, 8 C. & P. 733 ; R. v. Moore, 2 Den. 52«. But a 
 confession may be invalidated by an inducement held out by 
 a peT-son not in any authority nor connected in any way with 
 the matter, in the presence of one who is in authority, and 
 who docs not dissent from what is said : R. v. Taylor, »M/^r.« : 
 R. V. Hewett. C. & Mar. 534 ; R. v. Gamer, 1 Den. 32!) , R v. 
 Luckhurst, 23 LJ.M.C. 18 ; R. v. Pountney, 7 C. & P. -102 ; 
 R V Dunn, 4 C. & P. •'SiS; R. v. Slaughter, i6. 544: K. v. 
 Laughter, 2 C. & K. 225 ; R v. Parker, 30 LJ.M.C. 144, 
 
 The persons in authority whose inducements will prevent 
 the reception of confessions, include all who are in any degree 
 engaged in the apprehension, detention, prosecution or exam- 
 ination of a prisoner, whether public officials or not. Ihese 
 are more fully designated in 3 Russell on Crimes, (itli ed. 501. 
 and are stateil to include " the prosecutor, his wife, or attor- 
 ney, or a constable or her officer, or some person assisting 
 the constable or the prosecutor in the apprehension or deten- 
 tion of the prisoner, or a magistrate acting in the business, or 
 anv other magistrate or magistrate's clerk, or a gaoler, or the 
 chaplain of a gaol ; or any person having authonty over the 
 prisoner, as the captain of a vessel to one of his crew, or a 
 master or mistress to a servant, or any person m presence ot 
 one in authority, with his assent, whether direct or implied. 
 
 An Indian agent under the Indian Act, R.S.C. ch. 43, is 
 such a "person in authority:" R. v. Charcoal (S.C.N. W.T.). 
 4 Can. Cr. Cas. 93. A private person left in temporary charge 
 of the accused by the constable is a person in authority : R. 
 
 H:i: 
 
KVIOENCE. I j,;j 
 
 prowrtTR ; t "r"""' « -rvant who h«,l hoIh, l,i, 
 
 3 Rusaell, page, 479-4!)3 '^"^ " »"'«>«•""» »"• 
 
 7 y;B.I). 147 : R, v. Jarvin, L k 1 CCR 4' H ^-'l'"'"' 
 (S.U.N S) 2 r»n P- /•„ i<n ',^ •"-■"■"«. K. V. Jackxim 
 
 7 C. & p. 579 "'""""^ "'« confcwtion ,„ R. v. Sheppanl, 
 
 oonfeHsinn ■ (,,■» ;» .,,7. "^""K. will not exclude the 
 
 to »end for a constable Lie. ^he acct^rd 'confest.s"wm 
 
 < t.l 
 
IM 
 
 IVIDEMCE. 
 
 exclude the confewion, but i promine to let the ««»«1 •» 
 hi» wife if he will confem, in not an inducement which will 
 exclude the confeeeion : R. v. Uoyd, V. tc V. 3»3. 
 
 The inducement niUHt Iw M to nome temporal benetll. anil 
 not euch aa i« referable only to a future ntate •. B. v. (lilliam. 
 1 Mo<»l. C.C. IH6; R V, Wild, I Moo.1. O.C. *M ; R. v. Slec- 
 man. IX-am, 249. If it plainly api>ear» that any threat or 
 proniiHe nia<le did not affect the pri»oner» mind in inalcinK 
 th.- confe»»ion, but that, notwitlwtHndiii({, it waH .•ntirely 
 voluntary, the confeHnion will Iw recfivinl in evidencr ; K. v. 
 Thompson (1H93), 2 Q.B. 12. 
 
 The Htatenieiit made by an intornier in expectation of 
 tiirninK Quoenn evidence in not admi«wble atterwaiiln on hin 
 refu»iti({ to proMWUte : H. v. (!illi», 1 1 l-'ox, C.C. 69. 
 
 Althouifh a confosnion may lie invalidated by an imluce- 
 nieiit or threat, yet the »uli«ei|uent act» of the accuM-l, or 
 anything (li»covere<l bm a. resmlt of the confewioii. may Ix' 
 irlveli in oviilence. For ilmtaiice, where the rtolen projierty 
 waM found in the priw)ner'n apttrtmentH in conm-quence of a 
 coiifeKsion improperly obtained, the fact of the fln.liiiK, but 
 not the confcsHion, was received in eviileiice. And w) iniieh 
 of the confea»ion an relates strictly to the fact or thniK 
 discovered, and what the prisoner says, at the time of domil 
 any act after the confession are receivable: 3 Kussell ail. 
 
 A letter referred to in the defendant's confession may be 
 rend as part of the subject matter of it : B. v. Attwoo.|, 20 
 O.B. 574. 
 
 Evidence of a statement by the prisoner's counsel at a 
 previous trial, made on behalf of the prisoner, was admitted 
 as evidence against him : R. v. Bedere, 21 O.B. 1S9. 
 
 What a person is overheard to say to another, or even to 
 himself, is evidence against him ; but must Ije accepted with 
 reserve as being very apt to bo misconstrued by the peraoii 
 who overheard it : B. v. Simons, 6 C. & P. 640. 
 
 A statement made by a third person in the prisoner's 
 presence and not denied by him, is some evidence against lum, 
 even if some inducement was held out to the third person to 
 make it; but such evidence is of very little weight: B. v. 
 Janouski, 10 Cox, C.C. 305, unless the conduct of the accused, 
 when such statements were made in his presence, clearly 
 indicated his assent to what was so stated. But before such 
 statements can be received, it must bo clearly shewn that the 
 
EvintNci:. 
 
 llii 
 
 TZ ^l . "PPOrtunUy to ,l..„y then, if h. ch«e to .|o 
 ~nd,M he H,,,»M.r«.l to .e.,u|..«.e i,. then..- K. v, H„,iti 'h 
 
 I'lK.., 1 ,,r,.|ii„i„«ry iii.|uiry, ..vi,|,.„c« of « ,.,.nf..«,i„M or 
 t.t.„„..„t hy.h„«™„„„Uho„l.l )^. „.„.i,„| hyt .TuHi.. 
 ■f there ,„ .„y „vi.lc„c.. ,.t all of ii« h«vin„ U^. „i™.rlv 
 
 StateinontH or foiifeKHioMM nrnil,. to ,H,li,,. „«„.«. wl„.th.r 
 Wore or »ft..r the ,a.c.u»,.,| l,a» !«,.„ J.,„t..,l .rehlrl v 
 t^Mvable a» evi.lence, altho.iKh -h.y w,.r'. ,S • 
 
 imeNtioiis nut hv the offie...- \. .r ""> iiiciii^fi oj 
 
 s.t:^rr:, Jr:;f :;.!:th:r^ t""-' -^-^ 
 =^r;i,r:hrw::f^r:t;;:;/,^"--i;-"-; 
 
 i.npn.rer,„eanH:R. V. Day, 20()K 20') ^ 
 
 iK.th'irp""!'*?' "",''> " *™'-K°"<''' of .ju.licial opinio., 
 hoh ... t..gla,„| and in Ontario upon the m.estion «,?, 
 .mlK^ refu«nK t" receive ,uch evi.leUe, an.l the praeiirof 
 «> obta>„,r.g eo.,fe«„,„,.„ has IxH,... strongly n.probate. and 
 an e„.,nent h„Kl,sh judge in a rece..t cl«., while .veeivW 
 the evdence ,» valid threatened to have th.; omeer wl o had 
 
 u"cJ:ci"'^T '"""''^ '""" "«'■'- «■ ^- "-''•-^-y 
 
 ...adl'lTth" ""P™^"™ ™'« «eludi.,g evidence of ad«.i,«ion8 
 made by the accused ... an -wer to .|Uestion» by a police officer 
 either after arrest or „, Mtiori) before arr/st. Adm^rns 
 
 The question of the admissibility of evidence so obtai.ied 
 must be detennined with reference t^ .U the di^ultates^f 
 
126 
 
 EVIDINCE. 
 
 each particular case: R. v. Miller, 18 Cox, C.C 5*. ^d a. 
 decided in R. v. Day, 20 O.R. 209, it is receivable ; but only 
 r?f it is clearly shewn to the entire satisfaction of the court 
 
 that the admission so made -» -'°''%'"^^y ^y.",t"Z 
 improper means: see notes in » Can. Cr_C»s^398 s«cateo 
 R V Uoddard, 16 J.P. 491, per Cave, J.; R. v. Coley, 10 Cox, 
 cJ 536 ; R V. Reason, 12 Cox, C.C. 228 ; R. ^ Bodkin. 
 9 Cox CC. 403; R v. Thornton, 1 Moo. C.C. 27: R. v. Kerr, 
 8 C & P 177 ■ R v. Jones, 12 Cox, C.C. 241 : R. v. Male, 
 17 Cox. CC. 689: R v. Hirst, 18 Cox, C.C. 374^ Where the 
 prisoner awaiting trial in prison was questioned by ». ™™t«W<-- 
 without being cautioned, and the court was of opinion that 
 the Muestions%-ere put with the object of en.t™PP>ng ■>"'. 
 the answers were held inadmissible: R. v. Histed, 19 Cox, 
 C.C. 1«. 
 
 Privileged Communlcations.-Thc rule that voluntary 
 statements made by the accused are admissible as evidence 
 against him is subject to the following exceptions: 
 
 1 Communications between a client and his solicitor or 
 counsel, bomi fide communicated in professional confidence^ 
 These are considered, as a matter of public policy, sacred and 
 inviolable ; and are not only absolutely privileged but the 
 solicitor is r-.ohibited from divulging them, not only during 
 the continuance of the relation of solicitor »nd 'c'^"*'*?*™'' 
 all time : Cleave v. Jones, 7 Exch. 421; R. v. Cox, 14 Q.B.I). 
 153 if they were professional and made in a professional 
 character: Hamelyn v. White, 6 RR. !«• P^^tong 1 
 Gardner v. Irvin, 4 Ex. D. 49; O'Shea v. Wood (1891), P- 
 286- and even if no legal proceedings were existing, or m 
 contemplation: Minet v. Morgan, L.R 8 Ch. App. 361 see 
 aC Hoffman v. Crerar, 17 P.R. 404; McBnde v. Hamilton 
 Prov., 29 O.R. 161. 
 
 This privilege is limited, however, to communications made 
 to counsel and solicitors, and it appears that no privilege ap- 
 pertains to communications m^e to a priest or clergyman: 
 Iro^ V. Pitt, 3 C. & P. 518 : R v. Griffin 6 Cox, C.C. 2W 
 R V Hav 2 F & F 4 ; R. v. Gilham, 1 Mood. C.C. 18b. But 
 the court will not compel a clergyman to disclose communi- 
 cations made to him i.. the confessional, >f l-e refuses to 
 divnl.'e, although the evidence will be receiv^ if the clergj - 
 man chooses to disclose it : Bmad v. Pitt, 3 C & P. 518: R. v. 
 Griffin, 6 Cox, C.C. 219 : R. v. Hay, 2 F. & F. 4. 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 127 
 
 (Parkins v. Hawkshaw 2 bWk MOl CI' * °^ *" '«""' 
 
 «on, and «,«y havrr^^TvlH *T "'"'™S''. '"^ '» one by profes- 
 
 nor to a conveyance?- 4 Atk W ''™A 'i ^'^''^ * '^■«- '^^^ 
 "la.le to the solicitor alow or « hi . •'""n-n.-nications not 
 
 'n- a wlicitor for his client is n„f ;„ j • ' •. , '""'''' «'""eu 
 privilege : K. V. iCn " U Cox ct'Z T "f ^r",'"'"' 
 ^•ver. to connnunications between "ie tl , "■'''"''"■ ''™- 
 
 "f the party : Keid v. J^^^CS^ ^^^^0 «2?' ^T'T 
 cjtor who puts his nan,. „ . 1 J "^^^- ^ ^- <>^'- A soh- 
 -lixcloseall that pZe^at .1 ■ ""," }^'"»=*'. >« t»un,l to 
 Hobson V. Ke::,pT4py" ','&„"'?"?? "^ ■'» --"""n : 
 1« Ch. D. 30- MeOee V Th n '^ . Crawcour v. Salter, 
 
 illesnl purpose as in the !^ f T '" ^"'■'''«™"'^« "f an 
 preTiou^oCofece tln^^ * ^'■"''o- being consulted 
 
 inforra \he authorities of 't^ "• ^ '" !°"°'' *" '"""ediately 
 'iivniged to hin bv a neln^ mtenfon to commit crime 
 Annesley V Clesea IT^H ''°:?f"'''nS him a.s a solicitor : 
 in --i Ru-cll 6th ed p. 5S7 '"^" ^'""' ^■•'■'''^- "39, cited 
 
 a"/abiolut?pr^r4e K ^S™ I^'m'"^? '*'"' ""' ^ive 
 1 "tge ne Uwight and Macklan, 15 O R 148 
 
 accJnn'; l^d whatTs 'nf "'Z I' ^^''^ '^ " ™'"°'"-» 
 Act, 53 \it c 3 ',ie r^ ^^t**^ °f ""' Banking 
 
 P.R. 1 85 . follow„,g the principle in Re Uwight and Sa,!! 
 
12g EVIDENCE. 
 
 A communication of a patient to his physician is not 
 privileged : Wilson v. Rastall, 4 T.R. 763. 
 
 Admissions In Depositions.— Analagous to evidence of 
 a confession, or voluntary statement above mentioned, is 
 that of a statement made by the accused in his depositions 
 on a prior examination ; e.g., before the coroner, or in any 
 previous proceeding, civil or criminal. And the sworn 
 depositions of a prisoner, made by him before a justice in a 
 prosecution against another party, in connection with the 
 same offence, are receivable as evidence against the former ; 
 the rule of law excluding the statement of a prisoner under 
 examination before a justice on a preliminary >"<|U"-y. 'J 
 sworn to, and ho not taken in the manner provided by ». .5.11 
 of the Cr. Code, only applies when the charge is against 
 himself: R. v. Field, Iri C.P. 08. 
 
 Prior to the Canada Evidence Act, IKiO. a witness could 
 not be compelled t/i answer questions which would tend to 
 ...criminate himself if he objected and claimed the privilege 
 or right not to answer on that ground. But, as already 
 mentioned, s. 5 of the Act referred to, provided that a witness 
 was not to be excused from answering questions on the 
 ground that the answer might tend to incriminate liiuiselt. 
 but that the evidence so given could not be used against the 
 witness afterwards, except in a prosecution for perjury m 
 giving it. And it was held that, under this section of the 
 Act the witness's statements were not afterwards admis.sable 
 against himself, even if he had i.ot objected or claimed 
 privilege; R. v. Williams, 28 O.R. «78, over-ruling R. v. 
 Hendershott, 26 O.R. 678, which decide<l to the contrary, but 
 which was afterwards followed (over-ruling R. v. Williams) 
 in R V Hammond, 29 O.R. 211. The statute of 1893, .s. •'). 
 was amende.1 in 1898 by 61 Vict., c. .53, «. 1. To settle the 
 above point a new section was substituted, providing that 
 the witness is not to be excused from answering incriminating 
 questions; bui that his evidence is not to he used against 
 him afterwards, it he objected and claimed privilege at the 
 time. 
 
 The Canada Evidence Act, 1893, s. 5, and amendment of 
 1898, apply only to cases brought under Dominion laws, and 
 proceedings over which the Parliament of Canada has 
 jurisdiction: 56 Vict, c. 31, s. 2 (Dom.); and they do not 
 apply to proceedings founded on statutes of the Ontario Legis- 
 lature, which, as pointed out at pages 106, 107 .-«<«, has the 
 
 dll ■': 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 IM 
 
 1X8 
 
 above alluded to, ;„d„„de^ita'^,:,'^.'''"'»°'' ■"" P""'='P''' 
 as provided in 8 9 ^rithrJ^rJTT' " *"»''»» («cept 
 wife^rhusbandUn^ttetZi'i ^, "'« defendant or the 
 tending to crin.inatchTm^MTe „bi /""""r -""^ '"'''«°" 
 on that ground. ' "''J"-"'' ■"■ "'""n" privilege 
 
 aeatlLr^„rhetntofa;r''''™''f'«™-^».<>f 
 
 criminal prosecution S hilelf ,""" ,"" "l''.''""'^ '"' » 
 witness did not cla.T privi We wl, .™'' '" ""'"^ *f «>« 
 evidence but answered vS,^L^t„ ^1 »j- f>ving his 
 agamst h,m is under ft„„i„ion or b ario lawTl ^^ -i'^K" 
 he previous y gave in anv m.,-* "'"*"". '»«'. tlie evidence 
 civ« or crim^inj w,V"„^otrhst:Ur;^;'V„TtK^<'->-- 
 hir-Seti.t^lS^^ete''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 1 Den. C.C. 2;Mi; K. v Madden r T L- „ ' ^farbett, 
 
 4 P.O. 599; 9 Mo^. P.C N S 463 Th ' ^^ "; ^"^^ ^R- 
 although the evidence previously givInbX ™'' ^'i" "^^'^ 
 a civil proceeding under a omv LSn ^ , •^emmd was in 
 given ^mpulsorily u^esT^r cJlt 7' ""'lol'^ough it was 
 received against lifm.. "H"v.'lV„g,rir™ ''"'■ '' ""' ** 
 
 evident.'^wthThel^^et^SoTciatS'' ^''^'^ «»- »'» 
 sitions will not be receivable^ I, T P"r''ege, the depo- 
 
 on a prosecution for 1^^ ^ ^Z^^S::'' '"^^' 
 
 tion^orhr^rntr Palr„'t Tn? ^"-7 ""' •'•"'»«^- 
 l»und to answer incriminauTn":*^ " "^i "**' "'"'™ " 
 claim ^nvilege.hiseviTnce llTf "''J"*!" he does not 
 hnn; but if fe object^'uLrf l^'Tut^'d' loused against 
 applies m regard to the recention „f T . ™« »me rule 
 evidence taken in proceedin^Wni ?. "^^l"^"^ made in 
 Canada : R. v. CoSy 'af O R Tsl *^^"''"'"" ^""' "' 
 
 of t^e"''^iTorCmr:X"ird"^^--H- 
 
 charge against himself; butonlv if ^e H„. ^^sequent 
 
 only pi.tecti„n the witness hai^i^VhTt ^HsXlrtecS 
 
 ' l| 
 
130 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 m <a 
 
 frnm the U80 o{ the evidence without the consent of the 
 House av. Connelly, 22 O.R, p. 220; .nd see R. v. Mer- 
 ceron, 2 Stark. N.P. 366. 
 
 The original depositions of the witness are the best evidence 
 of what his stateu\ent8 were, and must be produced Bu^ t 
 theXve been lost, or have not been so taken as ^ >« "T* '° 
 
 "t wL d™y takeVand is a verbatim record ; but not if the 
 document called a deposition contams mere notes of he 
 evidence and not what the witness has "'^ : K- v. C.«lo^ 
 1 Can Cr. Cas. 157 ; K. v. Graham, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 388, m to 
 th« sufficiency of the depositions in this respect see Code 683, 
 flSTT^amendS by Act of 1900, and Code 689; Jervis on 
 Cori^rsTm Depositions of a witness, speakmgm French 
 anTtal^down in E^ish^re "ot admi^ib e t„ co^trad.ct 
 him on a subsequent proceeding : K. v. Carlo, mpm. 
 
 A irrand juryman, or a constable who was in attendance 
 ,^nfhT.-^ind iurv may be called, at the instance of the 
 & ^'p'eSments made by a witness before such 
 u^r he privilege of secrecy being, in such a case a matter 
 wMch the Crown may waive, if in the public interest. 3 
 Russell, 595. . 
 
 Evidence must be given identifying the accused, a.s being 
 
 a!TcvcL 221 And in a prosecution for a second offence 
 f<^er conviction : R. v. Herrell, 1 Can. Ci. Cas. 51*. 
 
 of punishment, is expressly provided. 
 
EVIDENCE. 
 
 131 
 
 A prosecution under the above s 1 <is «f n,. /- /-. j . 
 an offence against a Provincial sJh.t h^'' ^'^*' '°'" 
 
 respecting which theXm^n ™ ^ ?■ ' '^°"" •« '» matter 
 to hgull the evidence^ Pan ^T'"""""' has jurisdiction 
 
 But if th7p ; , Evidence Act, 1893, s. 2. 
 
 pun^lltX'rtt^:i''7hl':,:.''T''^- •"•^o °' 
 
 accordance with it «ndth„~' ""*, Pf^^^ding must be in 
 ceed under ^e 13« °'"'* ^ "'' '-"""rity t" P™" 
 
 ...dtSkmillTtuJeTthl .''"'' ''r'-'i* Evidence Act. 
 the various lCwn«s .nnit tl • ^' ?' *"''™"='' '" f""" '" 
 them: see R v Gameau^^^A"''':"?'-?'™''"^'"^' '^l'*- i» 
 notes. "'" <*^ ^- "J"')' 4 Can. Cr. Cas. 69, and 
 
 Dom'rni™ 'L::'Z l^;°°-r "'■"'! P™^««°8» under 
 
 ^•^^^^^^--^'-oti/^t^fc^ 
 
' • i 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Justice ob Maoistbate. 
 
 AoDOtntment and QuaUfloatlon.-By the British North 
 Amfri^Act s 92, ».->. 14, the administration of justice, and 
 fh"stt«on, organization and man^enanee of p™v.nc,j. 
 
 ^e'r^s^e:^%^e:^^f^£5:Bti^ 
 fer^^oii^'^r^irrsM 
 
 h^'the Txelusive power "to V-^.f-'-^''^'"^'''^ZLtl 
 
 3r:s:t^SynioTXB."Bu^:"a^aK. 
 
 398 ■ R V. Lee, 15 O.K. 353. 
 
 K.!S.U. c. °'' " „, » ,„„■' 37 Just cea of the peace for 
 
 ^lice magistrate for part of a county .8 ex offip'O «£«'<«« '» 
 C whole%nty, and has the powers of -two just.ces JSXX 
 r«7 HS 27 and 30. He is, however, not obliged to act as a 
 •usJce oulidThis own territorial jurisdiction as police magis- 
 
 nhr^-Te^ery^-W- council, vi. the wa^e,. 
 
 TSol ^2^3 °-473), a'e.officio justices for the county. 
 SdalderTen in citii are justices of the peace for such cities: 
 RS.O. c. 223, s. 273. 
 
 Special Justlce8.-As to the magisterial powers of reeves 
 in municipalities or unorganized districts, see E.S.O. c. 225, 
 
 t 1 
 
THE JlJtfriCE OB MAGISTRATE. 133 
 
 30 (the c(x!i«fution of 52 Vict. (Ont.), c. 37 s 4)- see R v 
 McOowaii, 22 O.K. 41)7. >• ^- 01. b. *), see K \. 
 
 .Iso'Ltn"^ •*''"'"■ »'"''.''«■■ deputies, in elections, are 
 
 c 9 s^ I'l^lfn "i' '„" •.'^'' P"**"" Elections AH, R.S.O. 
 S„;- '*'-!*'';."'« Municipal Act, relating to «,„nicinal 
 electons and voting on by-laws: R.S.O, c. 223 ss. lo" m 
 and the Canada Temperance Act, R.S.O. c. lOG, s.^S 
 
 Provincial game wardens are empowered to try all offences 
 
 RSO c*26V^T^"«"'^'■■''«'""^ "'"^ ""^ or fire rangers : 
 K.S.U c. 287, 8. IC; fisheries overseers : R.S.O c 288 a 42 ■ 
 commissioners of nolice • RRC n isi . '■'-'■<-/■'">,». ti, 
 V7 t, ^av: I o'o ,.■,„ "• "**• ^- 1 Indian agents: 
 
 57 & »8 V,c e. 32, s. 8 (Dom.); Quarantine officers: R.S.C. 
 
 Canada and „f S' °^ "■"■ ''^'',r°"^^ """^ ^"'^'"'l"" Courts of 
 t-anada, and of the Superior Courts of Ontario R.S.O. c 86 
 8. I, are ex officio justices. ' 
 
 Officers Prohibited from Acting as Justloes.-Sherirt's 
 
 L7rtr."tef8i,:"tr -- '-"'''''^ '- "« 
 
 (2)) may practice as a barrister or solicitor in other than 
 cnminal matters, or those which may be brought before hTm 
 as a magistrate: R.S.O. c. 87. s. 38 f and he may^t as '^ 
 ex officio justice-: Richardson v. Ran^jme, 10 aR 3^7. 
 
 quir^rS^hJill^'"*- '?•-'""' ^"^''y qualification re- 
 Tstri.* „i '^y « JU't'ce (other than for an unorganised 
 
 ?ot sM'uTh'e'": "? ''™'"^^ qualification: R^ O. c 
 e^ui'taU^se": C aS' v^^'so ' c"'p' 63r <'^*^' °^ 
 
 otr^iiS;-: '"' '^ ^- I- •-' thetle'^f s 
 over and above encumbrances : R.S.O. e. 86, s. 9. 
 
 »1 200'rHf""''' i"'*"^'/" "■« --eal estate need not be worth 
 
 real pr<;o^rtv istffi °' ^r^ ^°'.2' y™™ '" "«" *™™"t of 
 w .'^ 2^ .^'x sufficient, even if such life estate or lease is 
 not worth that amount: Fraser v. MoKensie 28 UCrTss 
 
 
 
1S4 
 
 THE jnsncl OR MAGISTRATE. 
 
 
 Mr: 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 
 Upon the question of value, 
 ^uier V. Wilson, 15 C.P. 284. 
 
 Weir V. Smith, nipra ; 
 
 The property will be a sufficient qualification, even if it 
 was purchased with trust funds, under circumstances which 
 would make the justice liable in equity to be declared only a 
 trustee of the property : Jones v. Edwards, 2 Jor. 510. A 
 police magistrate is not required to possess any property 
 qualification: R.S.O. c. 87, s. 33; nor are ex officio justices, 
 as such ; K.S.O. c. 223, s. 475 ; but they cannot act as jus- 
 tices before taking the oath of the office by virtue of which 
 they are such justices : K. v. Boyle, 4 P.R. 256. 
 
 Oath*.— A justice must, within three months from the 
 date of the commission appointing him, take the oaths (or 
 affirmations: see R.S.O. c. 86. s. 12, and I)om. St., 1893, c. 
 31 s. 124), of property qualification, allegiance, and of olhce, 
 according to the form given in s. 10, R.S.O. c. 86 , the oath 
 of office in 8. 11 of the same statute ; and the following oath 
 of allegiance : R.S.C. c. 112, s. 1: 
 
 FoHM or Oath or allsoiamce. 
 
 I, A.B., do •In.er.ly promlM .nd .w.ar that I will b. faithful Md 
 baar true alleglau.e to Hi. Majeaty, KiuB Edward th. SevoDth (or rtj 
 r«g,ini, .cp^eign for the lime beii,g). aa lawful Sovereign of tj" U°ltod 
 Kiigdou. of Great BriUin and Ireland, and of thi. Dominion "'panada 
 dependent on and belonging to the .aid Kingdom, and that I """J''™* 
 Hta to the utmo.t of my power against all traitorou. con.piraeie. or 
 attempt, whatioever which .hall be made again.t Hi^pemon, Crown and 
 Diinity. and that I will do my utmost endeavour to duolce and maae 
 known to Hi. Majeety, hi. heir, or ..ioee.K>r., all ""■"•°,".''"'°"°" 
 eon.plra«ie. and attempt, which I .hall know to be ag'. »•««■"'.»' ■■'7 
 of them. And all this I do .wear without any equivocation, mental 
 evasion, or .eeret reservation. 
 
 So help me Ood. 
 
 Sworn and aubscrlbed by Mid A.B. 
 
 day of . A.D. 10 
 
 A.B. 
 
 before me at 
 
 this 
 
 C.D., a Ju.tice of the Peace, 
 for the County of , 
 
 or a Commisaioner, etc., 
 or a Clerk of the Peace, 
 
 for the County of , 
 
 Unless the justice takes these oaths within three iiionth8,hi8 
 commission is deemed absolutely revoked : R.S.O. c. 86, s. 1 2. 
 
 The above oaths or affirmations may be taken before a 
 judge, or another justice, or a commissioner for taking 
 
THE JISTICE OB MAdlsTHATE. 135 
 
 A justice who took the oaths under a fom.er comn.i»io., 
 
 whether Mt.ng under a new or old eonnnisgion, he must take 
 a new oath of qualification, if he has in any way paZj with 
 
 Rs.^'c 8«,". i'"'"'*^ "•"" *'■''''' ^^ f'^-'y'^.rutlifi,:^'; 
 
 nnl '*'""». "•8?«™tes.~ A police magistrate or deputy ii 
 (for^nTn':"^o^Rtn "'«,?"'"i <?' '"'"""tions, oTX 
 
 oatht'tolai"!'' «*■'" r ^'J"'"^^'" '" '*■'« »»"' of "«« 
 ^sth"'R.s:^°f zTsTts' '"" "'"'"'^ ""ake-y oath, 
 (fame wardens and commissioners are only reouired to 
 take the oath given in RS.O. c. 287, s. 22, (2 and srSfo™ 
 acting as justices. ■ \' »"" o;, oeiore 
 
 A justice who acts without taking the above oath of 
 property quahfication. is liable to a penflty of »Yoo f^Lh 
 t,me he so act« : RS.O. c. ■86, s. 16 fand may be pro^cut^ 
 by indictment : Margate v. Hannem, 3 B. & Ald^ 2bT 
 
 nr ilf!"** "? fMtO "«« De Jure—The failure of . justice 
 or police magistrate or deputy, to take the rciuired Cth, 
 does not necessarily invalidate his acts, and will'Lt do ™ if 
 
 he r T,?^ '• ""' °''J«"='* 'o 0" 'hat ground, at the";, e 
 he acts. This is on the ground that, although not an officer 
 deju,-. unless he has taken the oaths, still he is a defiZ 
 officer and unless his right to act is challenged at the Ume 
 his action ,s not void : Ex p. Mainville, 1 Caa Cr Cos 5M ■' 
 367^ <™"?,' ' ?"■ ^■■- "^"^ «32; R V. Hodgen, r2 OR 
 SCR 121 "' ^"°™^y-0<""'™l. 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 313; 26 
 
 .8 that the former has the lawful right and title to the office 
 and has done everything neco.s,.«iy to make himself a Zd 
 officer in point of law; while an officer de /«rfo is one who 
 has the possesion and performs the duties of' th^ office under 
 
 111 
 
 id 
 
 J 11 
 
136 
 
 THI JUtmCl OH MAOIITKATt. 
 
 ii 
 
 
 colour of right, by .ppointment, M.d hw '»•" P>''''"',,"P."^- 
 Sou of being the officr, without being «tu.lly <,u.litted by 
 Uw by « JSn of the omi«ion of «me precedent «!, .u«h » 
 theUkingof theo.th.,or »me defect in 1"" »Pf"'''"'"' • 
 R V Bedford. 6 EMt,35B ; P.rlcer v. Rett,, 1 Lor^ K.^ ASH. 
 19 \T E. Ency. 304; we .Ik Wilcox v. Smith, 5 Wend., 
 (NY.) 231. 
 
 The Ktion of a justice who hM not .uflicient property 
 oualiacstio.., or who h«a not taken the oath of quahficafon, 
 Md other oath, re-iuired, i. not, therefore, invalid : Margate 
 V. Hannem, 3 B. & Aid. '266. 
 
 The presumption of law in in favour of the right of the 
 Demon Mting; R. v. Jones, 2 Camp. 131 ; Gordons caae, 1 
 C mI? Berryman v. Wise S T.R 366; until such 
 presumption is rebutted: R. v. Ve«l»t. 3 C.n^. 432 R^ v. 
 Pearman 22 O.R. 486 ; R. v. Excell, 20 O.R. 633 , K. v. ree, 
 lorKiT; Smith V. Bedford, 12 Gr. 316; School Trustees 
 V. Neil, 28 Or. 408; R. v. Hodge, 23, OR. 450; cases cited 
 Taylor' on Evidence, 8th ed., p. 187. 
 
 If objected to at the time, the officer who has not 'l"»li«e'|' 
 (m.t being an officer de j^re, and his right bo>"K »»'»"3^ ' 
 he has no juri«liction, and his acts are void: Re Chapnian 
 and London, 19 O.R. 33 ; and the accused will be released o„ 
 habeas corpus, if taken into custody ""der^warmit issued 
 by such o&cer: Ex p. Curry, 1 Can Cr. Cm. 532 or the 
 pioceedings will be quashed on application to the High Court. 
 But the acts of a mere usurper or intruder who has no 
 colour of title, by election or appointment to the office, are 
 Storlyvoid: Jes above cited ; Fletchburg v. Grand Junc- 
 tion Ry., 1 Allen (Mass.) 552. 
 
 If an officer is one dt facto and not a mere intruder for 
 instance, an officer who continues to cxerc.se his functions 
 after his term has expired ; or an ofcer acting as deputy or 
 detgat to a delegate'; or one who has f'>"«J^'o;»''; -* ^ 
 office ; or if his appointment is invalid ; or if it turns out that 
 Se ha; not been appointed by the proper and '""f"' rt^or-'y, 
 and if he has some colour of right to the office, hi act«are 
 valid, unless objected to at the time, as regards »" P^T"' 
 other than the holder of the real legal title to the office. 
 O'Neill V. Atty.-Gen., 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 303 ; Turtle - E»phem.»' 
 per Meredith, J., 31 O.R 404 ; Speers v. Speers, 28 O.K. 188. 
 
THI JlmiCI OR MAril.sTRATE. 
 
 137 
 Uibaon, 
 
 MB. iu( , Ki- Ah. Lee.OSawver 1 .' SPr-XAin 1 Ic"^ 
 then. ciUHj «, to office ^^U /i^tE' an^d^K " "^ 
 
 io„ci..sive"K tC t=ta ZL'^!"'*«"'v="''" •*'"« 
 
 U.WK>n, 30 C.P. 375 '"• ^"Kwith v. 
 
11 
 
 3 
 
 IHAITEK VIII. 
 
 (lESEBAI, AlTHOKIXy UK JlHTK EH AND MaiHHTFATIH. 
 
 Tlic juriwlictioii of a jurtic or iiittKintraUi \» lU-rivwl from : 
 
 1 . '111.' Htatutun nuthoriiiiiK lii»Bppoiiitiiifiit and r«JKuUtin({ 
 liiH aulliority ; , ■ • 
 
 •2, TIh- tiTiiw of hi» coiiimiiwiuii, which cltflni'K lii« tern- 
 tiirial jiirimlictioii ; 
 
 ;) Thf varioUH »tatuto« of the IVniihiioii |«iliHincnt and 
 of the 1.1-ovii.cial leKi»laturi., a. well a-, the ntatuti. and eoin- 
 inou law of EiiKlai.d, which wan i.itr<»luce.l into Canada by 
 it» rtiHt Constitution ; and «ich In.perial HUtute» i»«e<l .mce 
 then, an are in force in Canadu, under h. S of the Cr. Code, 
 namely, those whii-h are expre«.ly nia.lo applicable to Canada. 
 StatuteHof the Doniinio", or provincial leKiHlat«re«, which 
 are repuKiiant to the provi»ion» of any linpenal -Utuie in 
 foi-ce in Caiuida, are void to the extent of kucI, repugnancy 
 only : 2«-2l) Vict. (Imp.) c. 03. 
 
 Miniicipalitie«, by B.S.(). c. •22», m. +76 ; Licen«e Coinimi.- 
 ,ioner», umlr RS.O. c. 245, ». 4 , Police <^'0-»""'«'""«f'' «»/«'• 
 RSO c -'-'a « 484 ; Boards of Health, under R.S.O., c. 248, 
 and' other hollies authori;«ed by »tatute, may pa«H by-laws or 
 reirulatioiiH, and impose i)enalties for the infraction of the same, 
 all of which come under the jurisdiction of justices. 
 
 The iuris<liction of justices is limited to that which is 
 exnressiv conferre<l by (R. v. Carter, 5 OR 5«7) or neces- 
 ™?lin"'plied (CuUen V. Trimble, L.R. 7 Q.B. 410) from some 
 
 statute. . „ 
 
 But where, by any law, authority is given to any oBicer to 
 do any act. all appropriate and necessary powers to enforce 
 such order are assumed to be also given, though not expressed : 
 RSC.c. l,». 7(37); B.S.O.C. 1,«. «(22). 
 
 The Cr Code does not supersede all previous provisions of 
 the Cr. law, whether statutory or at common law. Only 
 to* statutes are repealed by it which are referred to in Code 
 wl R V SpoonerHDivl. Ct., Out.) 27 Oec .1900. Those 
 not expressly repealed are given in the api^ndix to Cr. Code 
 Im3(3), and the latter do not include all of those unrepealed 
 by the Criminal Code. 
 
■.t»l!R.U A.TH..H.TV ..r jr„,.tH AN., >.*,.,STR.»TEH. 130 
 
 "K to bail: Unli)ni v. F ti!n>v I!) O H un , 
 
 »<nii, II r.K. ION; we u ao Harner v (Wr 7 r i> ^-, 
 Ham...,- V. Liverpool, 3 A & E 433 Sll,, 1 ■ ,' ' 
 
 .nywtre''"nV '*tT """."';'«"«1 -«•'" "'"'^l. n.«y be done 
 
 Kv"""'™. 1 KMt. 117; !)«»•» V He m U (• H I'il ■ ^ " 
 a^.l.»tre. «..„.„t or eo,.„„it..ie";:"k l' Kielin'^VT^oT 
 
 anvf^'Mr "" '° 'Pt'"^'"'- A .iu«tiec cannot act in 
 
 city, but not for it: R.SO c 87 s 27 i„^ ^, ,. 
 
 30 l-.P. p, 370: K. v Ki ev 1 2 P R ni . ^"«*;',','' I ""'*«"'' 
 *»■■ R. V. Lee, 1.5 O.R. 353.' ''■ "**' "■ ^' ^^'^^ '^ O.K. 
 
 anothe/ ,; era^; ™?^ "'""»:''"■• '°«"' f?"" ^^cl. there i. 
 FOMci, magistrate, an offence comn,itte<l in anotlier 
 
Sii 
 
 ill 
 
 140 OENEHAL AUTHOBITV OF JUSTICES AND MAGISTRATES. 
 
 part of the county: per MacDougall, Co. J.; R. V; McLean 3 
 Can Cr. Cas. 323, in which the cases are fully cited and dis- 
 cussed ; see also B. v. Gully, 21 O.K. 219. 
 
 When a justice acts for a police magistrate the fornier has 
 no L'reater power than a justice of the peace ; but two justices 
 acting toTOthcr at the magistrate's raiuest, have all his juris- 
 diction : R.S.O. c. 87, 8. 29. 
 
 A justice, or justices, acting for a police magistrate, mu.st 
 be designated in the proceedings as so acting, and at his 
 renuestror absence, or illness, otherwise the process will !»= 
 invalid ; and describing the justice merely as a . justice, or as 
 police magistrate, is not sufficient : R. v. Lyons, 2 Can. CrA.as. 
 fx»; but see R. v. Hodge, 23 O.R. 450; and see R. v. V^^g- 
 ean 21 C LT. 35, in which it was also held, per Macdougal , 
 Co J that where the conviction contained the proper recital, 
 it was ■I'^t necessary that the information should be sworn 
 before the magistrate who tried the case. 
 
 A justice cannot intervene in a case already in the hands 
 of another justice, without the latter's consent -. R. v. McKae 
 28 O R. 569 ; R v. Stansbury, 4 T.R. 45(i. But „' "lie request 
 of a summoning justice others may, either with him or 
 separately from him, hear the case. 
 
 All of the justices, who adjudicate up<m the ca.Hc must 
 have heard the whole of the evidence ; and if, after part ot it 
 lias been taken, before one or more justices, another inter- 
 venes, and all of them adjudicate, the conviction or commit- 
 ment will lie invalid, unless the case was begun de novoMor^ 
 them all : Re Guerin, 16 Cox C.C. 596 ; Re Nunn, 2 Can. Lr. 
 Cas. 429 (Sup. Ct. B.C.). 
 
 According to these decisions, ss. 586 and 588 and form P 
 to the Cr. Code, providing for the accused being brought up 
 on remand before the same or any other justice are to be con- 
 strued as providing only for the case of the hrst justice d> ng 
 or resigning, after a case has been begun before h.m, and not 
 Hnished ; and even in such case another justice, upon taking 
 up the matter, should take the evidence again. 
 
 Several justices may sit together, and in such an event the 
 justice who\»sued the summons, has no K'-™t«>'»""'°"'V„*r 
 the others, and the majority governs ; and when the Bench 
 is equally divide! there is no decision : Kumis v. Gra%e8, a< 
 LT. (Q.B.) 583. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 DlSQlALIHlCATION AND OUSTEB OF JlBl.SDlCTION. 
 
 ■ "'"'""''"eatlon by Interest. -The autl.oiity of a justice 
 « ousted If he .s a party to, or has „„y j^r.J„ry inS 
 whatever m the case direct or indirect, no, natter how small 
 
 ,.„tnr",^i*!5'f "!,"'."!' «!™"'"'t«"ces he would be l«th prose- 
 cutor (or defendant) and judge ; and it is contrary to nMural 
 justice that a justice of the peace, who is a proinoter of the 
 prosecution, or who has any interest in the nfatter o whot 
 Wd, should sit magisterially in it: K. v. Sprou e 14 OR 
 .«. R. V. Rand, 35 L.J.M.C. 157. R. v. Chapman, 1 O.R 
 582, Lceson v. Medical Council, 4:j Ch. D. 384, and he will be 
 restrained by prohibition if he attempts to do so : Hutton v 
 Fowke 1 Rep. e48; Anon. 1 .Salk. 396, and any prjeed^^;. 
 taken by Inn, may be quashe<I, and the court will even puS 
 h.i" by attachment: Hereford's case, 2 Ld. Raym 766.'^ 
 
 Relationship -Near relation.ship between the justice 
 and either party invalidates his authority ; such as one of the 
 parties being a daughter of the justice: R. v, Langford, 15 
 O.R 52, or his servant: Gallant v. Young, 11 CLT 217 
 or If the prosecutor who would be entitled to a share of the 
 hne IS the justice's father : R, v. Steele, 26 O.R. 540 
 
 The affinity of husbands of an aunt and niece, was held 
 to be such as to disqualify a judge from sitting in a casen 
 
 L.RA. 548 °19"c.It. 2"''"''^^ ^'"'^ " ^'"' <^'^>' *' 
 But the fact that the prosecutor (acting as a public official 
 and not entitled to any share in the fine) fnd the justice h,^ 
 "33Cri.762."^" not to disqualify the juitice: r"^ 
 In a case where a civil action was pending, at the suit of 
 du'ct Tn ht f«.""',5'''f™d-' «g--t the justice, for m^on 
 GX;her';"33"c.Lf54r^'" """ ■""' '''^•"""'^'' ^ ^^ P 
 
 di».i'i'«"rf '^''° '■' ' *'"-«''<>'<l<"- in « railway company is 
 disquahhed from convicting a person for travelling on the 
 
142 DISgUALIFICATION AND OUSTEE OF JURISDICTION. 
 
 railway without a ticket : R. v. Hammond, 9 LT. 423 ; and 
 justices who are membera o£ any limited class of pnvileged 
 persons cannot adjudicate on a prosecution for mfrmgement 
 of their exclusive rights: R. v. Huggins (1895), 1 QB- 563 i 
 see also cases cited in Leeson v. Medical Council, 43 Ch. D. 
 3(i6. 
 
 The fact that a justice was nominally an honorary 
 member of a society, to the funds of which he had contributed 
 a small sum, and that an officer of such society was the 
 prosecutor, was held not to disqualify the justice : R. v. Hemll, 
 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 510 ; nor the fai ■■ that the justice was k rate- 
 payer of a town into whose treat jry the fine would be pay- 
 able : Ex p. Gorman, 34 C.L.J. 175 ; nor the fact that the 
 justice was license inspector for an adjoining district : Ex p. 
 Michaud, 34 N.B.R. 123 ; 32 C.LJ. 479 ; nor that the justice 
 was a member of the town council, and, as such, had taken 
 part in passing the by-law which defendant was accused of 
 breaking : R. v. Huntington (Jus.), 4 Q.B.D. 522 ; see also B. 
 V. Klemp, 10 O.R. 143 in which the cases relating to dis- 
 qualification by reason of favour or interest are fully 
 discussed ; and also R. v. Dublin, L.R. 2 Ir. 527. 
 
 An ordinary member of a society which is prosecuting, but 
 who has no control over or responsibility tor any such prose- 
 cution, is not disqualified: Allison v. General Council (1894), 
 1 Q.B. 750 ; R. v. Burton (1897), 2 Q.B. 488 ; nor is the fact 
 that a county police magistrate is paid by fixed salary which is 
 payable out of a fund created by fines : Ex p. McCoy, 1 Can. 
 Cr. Cas. 450 : nor that he is a member of a local branch of a 
 humane society (the latter being prosecutor), but which 
 branch has nothing to do with the prosecution : R. v. Mayor ol 
 Deal, 45 L.T. 439 ; for other instances see R. v. Pettelman, 9 
 L.T. 683. The facts shewn in any of these cases would not 
 be a disqualification at common law, even in the absence of 
 special provision in the statute : R. v. Fleming, 27 OR. 122. 
 
 A justice who, as a druggist, fills medical prescriptions 
 containing alcohol, has not such an interest as disqualifies 
 him from sitting on a charge against a peraon for selling 
 liquor without a license : B. v. Richardson, 20 O.R. 514. 
 
 Bias or Likelihood of Bias.— By certain statutes the dis- 
 qualification is expressly removed in many ca.ses where the 
 justice, as oiie of a class, may be remotely interested^ Tims 
 a justice who is a member of a municipal council is declared 
 not disqualified to sit in prosecutions under by-laws of the 
 
msgUALIF.OATIOJ. AND OlOTER .,K ,„-R,sr„CTl„X 143 
 
 Oa„f„rd (1892,, 1 Q.B. 381 ; R. v, HenleV (lt92,, 1 Q i 504 
 has dlrti^^fh "'''° '" " """'*'■ "^ " "'"»'"P»I ™™cil which 
 noyes, y K. 12 S.C. 35; R. v, Handsley, 8 Q.BD 383 and a 
 just.ce who. as a member of a local board of health which vZ^l 
 a reso ut,on d.rect.ng the prosecution, and who wL p?',^ 
 wh» the --<ut.on was p d, „„, ,,„ ,„ ^ dis,ualiSTR 
 
 OBI) I7v' R ; ■2*^^°'' °"'" '"-"*■•<=«» »'"' R V. Meyer, 1 
 
 ^3^xs-him-d:,^r^El? 
 
 He.dtt^;;:^,--^r^;;7^:/7^;-- 
 i-^rt^r ; -r' :.T„To„™iVo^rtTQ.yt^ ^-^^'-^ - ^ 
 
 provrf°« the'°fic°t?'if'"'' " ™":'f' °" ''^""'' bi-^nee,! not he 
 26 OR W°^ "° T*'''''".« '"''""°"^- ■•" "'« <■-" ^ R V «tee 
 
 or o^^''^:zn^t:;tx^ ■;: -iT^;;-^ 
 
 quahfied by reason of bemg a niemfer of a municipal co-nlcil. 
 
 mm. 
 
144 DISQUALIFICATION AND OrsTER OK .IITBIHDICTION. 
 
 (the prosecutor), yet if he voted for the resolution authom- 
 i„B the prosecution he would be so: R. v. Huggins (1«95), 
 1 Q B. 503 ; K. v. Henley (1892), 1 Q.B. 504. 
 
 The question is fully discussed and the authonties noted 
 in K V Steele, «uj,ni, in which Meredith, C.J., deduces from 
 the authorities this principle: •' That if a state ot th,^ 
 exists whether arising from relationship, interest or any 
 Luse whatever, which would be likely t» create a bias or 
 which causes ,. reasonable apprehension of b.a«. even though 
 it be an unconscious one, and even if there existed no actual 
 bias in the magistrate in favour of either of the parties, he is 
 disqualiHed from acting it the party was not aware of 
 Z state of thin,., and so did not object: «- "jge 
 8 E & B. ((37 ; Wakefield v. West, L.K. 1 Q.B. 84 , or, it 
 knowing it, he objected at the time. But if the I»rty was 
 aware o^ it, and did not object until after the ca.,. iiad been 
 decided, or an opinion had been expressed in it by the justice, 
 the objection is waived and cannot aiterwards be raised : R. 
 V. Warwick (Sherifl-), 24 L.T. 211; R v. Cambridge, 27 L.J. 
 MC 160 : R. V. Alierdare, 14 Q.B. 8.54: R. v. K™t, 44 J. P. 
 298 But a mere possibility of bias, not amount; ig to a like- 
 lihood of it, is not sufficient to disqualify : R. v Farrant, 20 
 BD 58 : R. V. Rand, L.R. 1 Q.B. 230. Upon the principle 
 of the likelihood of bias, a physician who had attended a 
 person prior to his decease, was prohibited holding, as a 
 comner.^an inquest as to the cause of death, on the ground 
 that he would be a material witness and also a judge in the 
 case: Re Harvey v. Mead, 34 C.L.J. 330. 
 
 It is not necessary to specify the particular grounds on 
 which the probability of bias is contended for : it ^ sufficient 
 that objection is taken : R. v. Yarmouth (Jus.), 8 Q.B.U. 525. 
 If one disqualified justice sits with other justices, the 
 bench is disqualified; although the disqualified justice does 
 not in any way interfere in the case: the court being 
 improperly constituted by his presence, its proceedings are 
 invalid; even if the disqualified justice occupies a seat on the 
 Tne platform; he must entirely withdraw: R. v. Yarmouth 
 (Jus), 8 Q.B.D. 525 : R. v. Surrey (Jus.), 1 J">-- ^f ; "f* ' 
 R V Chettenham (Jus.), 1 Q.B. 467; R v. Hereford (Com.), 
 2D & L. 500 : R. v. Suffolk, 18 Q.B. 416 ; R. v. O Grady, - 
 Pnx C C 247 The subject is fully discussed in K. v. Klemp, 
 10 OR H3. See also R. v. Budden, 60 J.P. 166. decidmg 
 that an interested justice sitting near the bench, but taking 
 
msgUALIPICATION AND OUSTER OF .nK,sl,.,TIOX. U5 
 
 175; K.^"k^„^;'LR//-!i.B 230 ' "" " ^"''°"- ".LR. 
 
 an ,InZI fl""i ""^■''■'"'K J"«t«™ xitx at the Mormons on 
 
 do r R V T P'"r'^;°g' '^"""S tl- »an.e Sessions, will „of 
 >io so. K. V. London (Jus.), 18 QB 421 
 
 tt'e„ti:t!::':rs:iTn'er ^ '-"' ^™-^ "-' '— ^^ -' 
 ;™p.^.^t^!^^«rL:^:.ir;--^ 
 
 If the justice refuses to be sworn or to give evidence the 
 
m 
 
 146 I.IS(JIALIFICATION AND OUSTEH OF .IIBISDICTION. 
 
 But tlu,. conviction will not be quashed on the refusal of the 
 justice to be swoni as a witness, unless it is shown that the 
 request that he should testify was made bonu Jule ""I "'»' 
 the justice could have given .naterial evidence, and that the 
 defendant was prejudiced 1 . luch refusal : Lx p. t lannagan, 
 2 Can. Cr. Cas. .513. 
 
 In B V Petrie 20 O.K. 317, Armour, C.J, discussing the 
 question of the propnety of a justice resuming his si.at on 
 the beiicli after giving evidence, compared the position ol a 
 justice to that of a juror, an.l sai.l : " It the evidence giv>;n 
 bv a juror, calle.1 as a witness, is cmtradicted, is he to join in 
 determining whether his evidence or that in contradiction is 
 to prevail ^ If his credibility is attackeil, l» he to join in 
 detemiiuing thi> question of his own credibility ! 
 
 When the functions of a juror are united with thoMC of a 
 judge, as in the case of a justice trying a case, he cannot lie 
 both a witness in the case, and also sit in juilgnieiit upon it 
 In R v. Sproule, 14 O.R. 375, Cameron, C.J.said that the 
 defendant cannot be deprived of the iM-netit of the justic-es 
 evidence ; but that it would seem he ought not to take his 
 seat on the bench afterwards; and if he is the sole justice he 
 should adjourn the eas... for some other justice to hear it, it 
 his evidem-.. is of such a nature that it would be unseemly 
 for him tu try the case. , , . , 
 
 The justice is liound to testify if ealle.1 in g.»xl faith to 
 really give eMdenee of material facts which cannot 1« '«•"■■•• 
 wise proved ; and it would seem that be is not pro iibltHl 
 from going on the Is.lich again ; but if the c-ase can lie pro. 
 c^led with without the aid of the justice, it w.wld U- bettei 
 that be should not fuitl»-r act. an.l if his evidence wsj. u,s..i 
 some contested point he ought, by no • ,eans, to sit in judgmen, 
 
 upon it. ... 
 
 It how.ver th.- .■vidence given by the j»iticv is u]m.ii 
 .some 'uiie,>ntest.-l fact or t.-cliiiieal or formal matter, it wouW 
 seem that there eould Is' no objiK^tio.i U, his resuming his 
 seat on the Ih'HcIi 
 
 The objection that the justice is interest.-.l may W waive, . 
 See remains in chapter on -Waiver-: Waketield v. W es t, 
 LR. 1 QB. H+. R. V Clarke. 20 OR. ti42 ; R v Stone, 2.t 
 (J.R 4(i. 
 
 Sundays and Holidays. -Sunday is di.-no,, j»™/«'«*at 
 cmimon law ; .md ..^ ^i matter of public i«licy. no ju.lieyil 
 
tIMlTATlON r,K TIME. J47 
 
 540 Foster v. 'ffio ^tv ' ' ,^ O R ' ^T ' c'' T 
 11 Man R. 333 • 1 r'an (V c. 101 , ' '*■ * t-avsher 
 
 HUtutc 01 1900™ '^;'^tf/::fi°''";,V-i''l"y " -Wed by S^e 
 t^n on Sunday 'un^t^ ::f:X.^' ::^Z,^^'-^ 
 ■■IP are iK,t auth»riz,.d : R v rJ'];,' *'""'™' proceed- 
 
 1»«W in the .^„,e case that ^ . -i ' "''"'' '^■"' " »"" 
 before „ iu,y andlt r, t r '■^'' °"'^' "''P''"" '" 'ri«l« 
 majtistrate ^' ' '" prehnunary i„,,„irieH tefore a 
 
 •ludiciai notice will be taken tl,»f » • , 
 
 •■<undav : S.C. " "^"■'""n '^V "us 
 
 East. l.">o. 
 
 And u wanant to a ,pXn , „l f ™T"- * .^ "" ^''- *"'« «« 
 R- V. Kttinjfer (SCXS,- ,".""'/ •""''"«' Pr«*«<li..K : 
 
 «p.e,s a;..„„H^":^ .-^^ -7:^7' ™ j^;;;;;% under tl,e 
 /». -I. none on .^undav. Hnt n^c ITv ., pi ■ i .- 
 
 by a nmJtZ ?n ,hV ">«, ,,,d,c,al |m«eeHi„g» taken 
 
 OR. .549: 1 Can (V M d-.', K 'J"?/''"'" •*• ^ "'"•™v. 2H 
 V. Sn,i,h. 9 R ; , ,4"" *"'■ ••>■ "-«"''"». J Nee HarVi»on 
 
 - --"■•■ p.™.,^o:;:-i':„:;rr:^^er-^- 
 
148 DIsgUALiriCATION AND OUSTER OF JURISDICTION. 
 
 The time i» to be compuUnl fro... the day on wWeh 'he 
 illeml act was committed; unle«. the ottence wa» a con- 
 t^nSTng one, in which case the time .» computed fro... the 
 Lt d.^ on which it wa»co„.mitted: London v^ Worley 0894), 
 2 QB 826: Allen v, W ■ -v, L.B. 5 Q.B. Ifl.J , KniRht \. 
 Halliwell.LK. !)Q.B. 4" . 
 
 The time within ^ I 1. proceedings must be taken .» 
 «,meti,nes limited by : e particular sUtute "'■"'■"f '» h". 
 offe..ce If not, the two foUowh.g geneml prov.s.ons appl} 
 
 In the case of an offence, punishable on sum...ary convic- 
 tion by ustices or magistrates under part 58 of the Crm.ma 
 Code the infor,nation .nust be laid wth.n s.x .uontls from 
 the time the offence was co.nmitted, (i.e.. co...pleted, Jacomb 
 V Ci^n^T J.P. 68); unless it is otherw.se ,,«c.ally 
 providtS ; Code 841. 
 
 And for certain indictable offences the l.m.tat.o.. .s 
 provided by Code 551. 
 
 In eo..,puting the time, the day tollowi..g that o.. wh.ch 
 the offence'was Committed, will >h; the Hrst day «.unted^a.^d 
 the dav on which the information was laid will al»o h. 
 cou . -d as part of the time : Radcliffe v. Bartholomew (18»i\ 
 
 * % tl.'' ne expires on ■'m.y holiday" the information 
 may be laid on the next day tollow.i.g, which is not a 
 holiday; R.S.C. c. 1, s. 7 (27); B.S.O. c. 1, s. 8 (17V 
 
 The term "holiday" includes (in matters under l*^'".""'"" 
 Uws) Sunday, New Years day, the Ep.pW. he t-nu-H^^^^^^^^^^ 
 Good Friday, the Ascension, Corpus Christ., St_ 1 ete. ana 
 St Paul's day. All Saints' day, CoBception day. Easter 
 Monday Ash Wednesday, Christmas day, the Sovereigns 
 b rSrdTy or the day fixed tor its celebration by proela..,at.on 
 or&vernor-GLeral4n-CouncU,IV,mi..,onday.^an^^^^^^^ 
 day appointed by similar proclan.ation a« a fast or thanks 
 givingTR.S.C. c. 1, s. 7 (28); also Labour day. 
 
 Under Ontario laws the holidays are less in number, and 
 are provided by R.S.O. c. 1, s. 8 (16). 
 
 The law does ..ot, however, prohibit an information tan;.' 
 laid or a warrant being issued on any of these hol.days, nor 
 : Sundav ; an.l as already stated all proceedu.gs -• l^'-d^J- 
 other than Sundays have been held to be v..hd ; ».Hfc p. U6. 
 The term ' month " ...eans a calendar month : U.b.C. c. l, 
 s. 7 (25); K.S.O. c. 1. s. 8(1.5). 
 
LISIITATIDN W TIME. 
 
 14B 
 
 p»rt ss of the Criminal Code , Codu (S()« ' 
 
 clauR.,, part 58^ „?d it rt^« n„t ."""'"""•y juri«licliou 
 
 for a higher ofleno^ * ""> °" *" '»d'«tment 
 
 For i.«t»„«,, a conviction (or common assault on a trial 
 of an inihi'tment for raw, i» valid ,.v..>, ifT • 
 
 wa, b..„ght after the ^me wit'hiir^hi 1 'tt ''dr„".""? 
 oo«M have teen prosecuted summarily utre'a iust^^ fll 
 common assault (^odi. »4i h». „ i- . justice, tor 
 
 ™mnu.ry conviction befo«. a^sti. : R"v"'E7«!^r,,l9 
 
 could be convicted under an indictmen for raw th. A' 
 was afterwai^s indicted for the le«"off:^*^ ttT^^ 
 one for which he was committed for trial .Td Tw i , J 
 to be m time, although the indictml «! f^^ ."f" Th 
 expiry ,rf the time limited for the pro«e«^ionTr ,h ' 
 
 offence: R. v. West (1898), 1 Q.B nT^ '** "* ***«"■ 
 The principle on which the above case was decided i. ,i, . 
 a prosecution for the larger offence inl^ude" O^t^er a 'd 
 
 In all cases of summary convictions, lavine the infmnm 
 
 raley on Convictions, 6th ed., B I ■ R v fashnlf 1 1 n T.?,' 
 385; R. V. Willace, I East, PC 180 '"'''"'"■ '' ^ox, C.C 
 
 CodrTsTtrt t '"* '"•'':"'''" °*''"''' ""•■"""ned in 
 code 551, must be commenced within the various period" 
 
Sil i 
 
 160 niHgilAUKICATIOS AND O.THTIB <>K Jl'RIKDItTlOX. 
 
 provide.1 by that Code for proMiCUtionn for thi- offence, there 
 mentioned. , ,,, 
 
 The ■ eommencement of the pro«>c..t.on und" Code 661 
 i, the laying of the information; and the defendant n.ay 
 littrward. be convicted although the penod f '"»« ^J' 
 expired at the time of conviction: K-v, B«rr»t 1 ^» k. .m 
 R V Kerr, 28 CH. 214; and cai«!« cited there •»?/"*•»'" 
 K V, McKenzie, 23 NS.R. «; R. v. C.rbray, U Que, LR 
 
 223 
 
 But the particular statute relating to the "f™"' ■»»y 
 exp^»ly require the defendant to be "W'T''""'"' %,«?,• 
 vWed within the lin>ite.l time: «ee B^ v^ Mamwar,ng, hi. Bl. 
 & El 474; K. v. Bellamy, 2 D. & R. 727. 
 
 In addition to -». 841 and 551 of the Code "'« »t«t»^» 
 relaUnir to the particular offence «ou.etm.e» limit» a tune for 
 ^m encement S prosecution ; and where an offence n.ay be 
 Z "heTunder either of two »tatute»or section, of a »tatute, 
 frither at common law or by HUtute), then the prc«ecut.on 
 mav be brought under either of them: Code 9.W , see 
 Hamilton V Ma«.ie, 18 OB. 585; and the question of hm.ta- 
 tirdei:^nd» upon' which law the prosecution .s b««ed on. 
 
 The above provisions of the Criminal Code as to limita- 
 tion of time do not apply to prosecutons under Ontario law 
 in regard to which each particular statute usually lim ts the 
 tLX prosecution, under it. If that is not done there .s 
 nTtime limited. There is no limitation at common law, and 
 r„ the ablce of any statutory provision there •»»» ™^'*^'™ 
 of time for commencing criminal proceedings: 7 Encyclopedia 
 of the Laws of England 471. 
 
 'Cnfon »: rUri^^Ltu™^ a^te^ the time limited, if any, 
 has elapsed, no prosecuii-.n can be brought. 
 
 Actions against justices for anything done by them, as 
 such unTer afy Dominion law, must be begun in the coun y 
 wWe the act'complain«l of w-done and must be com- 
 menced within six ^calendar) months : Code 975. 
 
 Similar provi^ons in rejation ^ ^1 "^itamCt 
 l:r:r*;;v'Srft;L^^'^ron^'fr™ticesand magistrals. 
 
 Res .dtudloata.- It is a principle of the common law, as 
 well ~^ng e^^ly provided by' Code 933, that a person 
 
REH AIMI'IHIMTA. 
 
 ut 
 
 whether „„ . ,\,„„.,„,7^^ l"''. ' l'^'"" "' "■■ "»-""'• 
 An-Ujuoti,.,. ),„ n„air„'tvt" ?".''"•'"• '■^■f""" .i"'y 
 an offence, if the «cuZ| 31" ""'■■■'",'" "" ">!""'Mi,,„ 4 
 having co,„pete„l7.r ictL'^'" '''^';';''>■ ''■''■•' '-.v « tril.un.! 
 
 able or otherwiHe, upon the «,,.^ ,• • I'*'' *■'""■«'■• ""''»'■ 
 t C. 424; R. V. WaSr , 2 5";'-'r"1;„ "^ "•■"■■ ' Moo. 
 Cox, C.C. .■)24 ; Weniviw v Hn„? r u" ' " ' «ta»toi,, S 
 y«rv. Ferryman, 2 Ap" C.«?g,^""*' '*"• "' W « •'7'« : L.«k- 
 
 Uniler this cem.ral nrinrinl.. if .i 
 juriadiction of the justieeH th. ^ ", """"■• '" "'"'in tho 
 
 ".« ver>- point by aCrt of « n,', 7 ' "'"."' " ''«■"'"" -'» 
 rea«,„able ,„a„ wouW «.ink~rri'2i "'"'f'^""!' ^ "»'' - 
 maK. 'rate had ,Iecid..r el~K.i"iK "f '''"8 T*'!" ""' '"•■""■■• 
 of th,. aecuwd : Per CoIeK ;■ • I ''""'''"' '" 'avonr 
 25 Q.B.D. 357, in whicMt wif I i' '■".•* ''■ '*"''™ < J™ >. 
 mon law, and apart f™m llLv"' '"" "'^"« '"' •*' «"»- 
 an ac,„ittal b^a eo;";:t:„Tttbl.T" '"'''""■ "" "P"^"" '""" 
 
 eithlr'LnttS ~ltS[tr' ™" P-^"-"'" '"<•" '""» 
 even if the fonner «Zmo,XL7ZT"' "'''"""' '"^^l- 
 V. Hutchin«,„, cited in lllTccl^rf'?'"'"'^- ^ 
 R«he, 1 Leach, C.C. 125 • a^l ' Jn if "'°'*" <«'• " ^• 
 
 awanled on the fonner con;icti:.^™S. ^. Mlle^^tBT 4T3" 
 
 and^*^tr::.ts,r;^r ^" ">-" '^'-'•^'- 
 
 the pro^„to,. „„„ other r^l^'r/r "'•"-''.«"«'a..ce of 
 certificate i, otherwise illeeamT!^","? ''°"-»'"' ^ «■• » the 
 withdrawal of the case Wore h£?^" ^ '^' '' ""'■■<' »*« a 
 second prosecutio^^ v^JT"'W'' "'" » har to a 
 Green, Dean,. & B CC 113 R *^??' l ^- ^ ^ «««: R v. 
 V Nutt, 24 Q.B.D. 669.' "^ ' '*• ^' "achen, 14 Q.B 74 ; Reed 
 
 differerfLthe^fi!^, « itt bS"!*"'^ '", ""««»"'- 
 /a«^ it will be barred R v C^ ,'^"1^,"^^^ ""^ ""»' 
 even if the second charge is7n«T^' ^"'- "■•^- ^»9 ■ and 
 , V. EIrington, 1 B. & S "fs ft,^ T ^^'t '*'"' f"'''"^ «• 
 the same facta with additionafmate^f"^"'"-''?^ ^'^ "P«" 
 
 «.-»%«w^,a„dwhicrls^l/rn':;^t-^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
MICKKOrr •KOUITION IBI CH«>t 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CH»«T No. 2) 
 
 1.0 
 
 12.5 
 2.2 
 
 IZ8 
 
 If IJ5 "^ 
 IJ^ ill U III, ,.6 
 
 1^ i^ III 
 
 J _<jP PLED IIVMGE 
 
 16i3 Eoil Mgir> SI reel 
 ?ff?f''?.'' ''•■ '^''' 1*609 uS, 
 (716) *82 -C300 - Phone 
 (ne) 288- 5989 -fo. 
 
152 r>IM)lAl.lKICATII)N AND OISTER OK JURISDICTION. 
 
 ent character from the one previously decided, is not tiarred. 
 For instance, a conviction on a charge of assault is no bar to 
 a subsequent charge of manslaughter, the person assaulted 
 having died after the conviction for assault, and the death 
 making the case a substantially dirt'crent one : K. v. Friel, 17 
 Cox, C.C. 325 ; R. v. Morris, L.R. 1 C.C.B. «0. 
 
 A former decision docs not prevent the court from inquir- 
 ing into matters which have since arisen : Heath v. Weaver- 
 ham Overseers (1894), 2 Q.B. 114; but in a case in 1895 of 
 R. V. Hilton, 59 J. P. 778, Grantham, J., held that a convic- 
 tion for assault barred a prosecution for manslaughter, the 
 person assaulted having died after the prosecution for assault : 
 see R. v. Walker, 2 M. & R. 448. 
 
 But by the same unlawful acts a person may be guilty of 
 two separato offences, for both of which he may be convicted : 
 R. V. Smith, 19 O.R. 714 ; R. v. Handley, 5 C. & P. 5(i5. 
 
 But where the defendant may be convicted on the same 
 facts under two statutes or laws, for substantially the same 
 offence, a conviction under one law is a bar to a charge under 
 the other: the offender may be tried under either statute, 
 but cannot be tried twice : Code 933. Wemyss v. Hopkins, 
 L.R. 10 Q.B. 378. 
 
 In order to be a bar the issue in the second proceeding 
 must be identical with that in the Brat one, although the facts 
 may vary, and although the charges formulated may not bo 
 the same: R. v. King (1897), 1 Q.B. 214; see notes of cases 
 in 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 497. 
 
 An acquittal on a charge of committing an offence^ is a 
 bar to a charge of attempting to commit it : R. v. ByUnd, 
 2 Bu5.sell, 55, for he might have been convicted of the attempt 
 on the trial on the charge of connnitting it: Code 711, 712. 
 The adjudication on a previous trial by a justice in col- 
 lusion with the defendant will not be a bar, and will be 
 quashed : B. v. Gilliard, 12 Q.B. 527 ; and upon the trial of a 
 subsequent proceeding the court will inquire into the circum- 
 stances under which a certificate of acquittal of conviction 
 was made, and will recognize its futility, although the con- 
 viction has not been quashed : Reed v. Nutt, 24 Q.B.D. 669 
 (by Esher, M.R., Coleridge, C.J., doubting); Miller v. Lea, 2.1 
 A.R., p. 434. 
 
 A previous conviction which is void, as being beyond the 
 jurisdiction of the convicting justice, is no defence to a aecond 
 
RES AIUIDICATA. 
 
 153 
 
 Charge, even ,f the former ha« not bee,, ,|„,.,|,e,| ; R. v Lee 
 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 233; Keating v. (imha,,, "(i (Th 1.1' 
 Forbes v. Michigan Cen. R., 22 OK .m ' ^''' ' 
 
 codr':;^^:'"^,""^"'"^''''" p-^-- < ""■ f.- nai 
 
 the Mi!:^ h::r"p^:3;t;:'rv[:n:" """^::f''' 
 
 convicted on the same ehar^ CWe 6')1 i^ n,. T'"'""!, "■• 
 charge on which he n,igh1 havf b^'n *'o ;v:t: '^^P'Z 
 
 a,ao ^^o<le M.i. But it is no defence f !,e could nut l„,v„ 
 been so convicted: R, v. Vandereon.b, 2 Leae 70S a' a,^ 
 ac.,u,ttal on a trial for murder is not a bar ^o a suLouen 
 charge of assault on the same facts : R. v. Su.itlt ™4 u'c'R 
 
 When the charge is substantially the sa,i,e but adds 
 
 several articles at the sa.ne ti,„e, a convietion or aci itta 
 ed. p.1^''"™' "'""■«'' "P"" ""= <"•>»'■ ""i^'-^^ ^ 2 Russell, IS 
 
 The .same defences will be available urjon the preli,„i„arv 
 .nq,ury before tl,o justice ; for if the Co, vietion racZt.al 
 upon the previous ^.i„i is established, there is : propTca 
 to be sent for tnal a second time. ^ '^ 
 
 On a summary trial before a niagLstrate for an indictable 
 
 tr!rif h d" '■•''Lf''-''' ""^ Cri„,inal Code the ,,^" 
 trate, if he dismissed the case, is required to give the a^'cus^d 
 
 CViminalT:!^ ^""^ .?' ' ^orm ?^.C.C. in%cheSuir , 
 Onmina Code ; and the person obtaining such certiHcite of 
 dismissal, or who is convicted of the charge, is re" f' m 
 
 A certified copy of the certificate, or a copy proved to be 
 a true copy of the original, is sufficient proof of 1™ di,n fssal 
 or conviction: Code 802; and the certificate is siffiS 
 Ev^ltlC^r' "' ^'S""'— "-evidenc^M'r 
 
154 DiajlALlKICATlllN AXIJ DlSTEll (IF .ICKISIIJCTIOS. 
 
 A juHtice who tries a case ami diMiiiisHus it is rtii|uired to 
 jjive tiiu accusid a cititicate : Form C.C.C. at tlif end of tlii" 
 Criminal Code : and audi certificate, without proof, is a bar 
 to any subse(|Ui'iit information tor the same matter against 
 the same defendant : Code H()2. 
 
 In tile case of Juvenile otfenders, similar pi-ovision is made 
 by Code HI!) and 821 : Form of certificate T.T. in the 
 Criminal Code. On a charjje of assault or battery, pre- 
 ferred under Code S64 by or on Iwlialf of the persijn 
 aggrieved, if the justice dismisses the charge as not proved, 
 or if he finds the assault to have Iwen so trifling as not to 
 merit any punishment, anil so dismisses it, he is forthwith, on 
 request, "to nmke out and deliver to the person charged a 
 certificate of dismissal (Form C.C.C. to the Criminal Code), 
 and upon obtaining such certificate, or if he has been con- 
 victed, and undergoes the punishment awarded, he is relieved 
 from all further civil or criminal proceedings for the same 
 cause : Code 866. 
 
 A certificate of dismissal of a charge of assault tried 
 before a magistrate, is a bar to a .subseiiuent charge for an 
 aggravated assault on the same facts : Wemyss v. Hopkins, 
 L.R. 10 Q.B. 378 
 
 Code 865 and 866 apply only when the prosecution has 
 been brought by or on behalf of the party aggrieved. 
 
 If not so brought the certificate will be no bar to civil 
 proceedings, but criminal proceedings will be barred under the 
 general law. 
 
 The defendant must take the objection that there was a 
 previous trial and dismissal or conviction, before the justice 
 decides the case on the second trial, or it will be waived : R. 
 V. Bibby, 6 Man. R. 472; R. v. . Herrington, 13 W.R. 420. 
 See post " Waiver." 
 
 Title to Land or Claim of Higrht — It is a principle of law, 
 independent of any statutory enactment, that upon the sum- 
 mary trial of a criminal charge, the justice's jurisdiction 
 is ousted if any question as to title to land is raised 
 hoTin fide by the accused; or if there is an honestly 
 believed in claim of right to do the act complained 
 of. This is upon the ground that the accused is entitled 
 to have such claim of title or right tried by a judge 
 and jury in the civil courts; whereas the justice, by 
 convicting, would be settling a question of property conclu- 
 
CLAIM (If KIHHT nil iiti.e. 
 
 ily mid witliout 
 
 i-eiii«ly, if •,[„ ,|, 
 
 -•" • K. V, I),ivid«oii, 45 r.C.R. !)J 
 
 155 
 
 •ciHion lmp|),i,i-,l to I* 
 
 Tuylor, H IJ.C.K. 
 
 o^ H^:n!'^i;;:,triii£ -- ^^-^ ^'^ » c,„i.„ 
 
 whether „„eh right or tie'' r™?!? ""."'"'"■■>■ J-rix'liotion ; 
 honestly raised mtlival.Miev/l^ '''"';'" '"• "»'• '^ it ''h 
 of Findley, J., Watkhr» , Maior LR , * ■ .l''^' "''*^™''''»» 
 the t.t e «et up be only colXbt Vt , 1^^ "•^'- ^.v™ if 
 
 .nades,„eerely, the jurisdiction Ms' ^R,V„ ' '"°**1'""" "« 
 colour or shew of reason fori, ,, ""'';;'"' '""»' b« wme 
 
 « & S. 20fi; Wt V. B^ngX Cox'^rTl";' '"■"'"■•»■ '^ 
 
 "one 1::;.^^ n:%:z^'jt:^rh:^'- "- -t w. 
 
 «' the tiu,e by the ■Tecus^r If t ' ," " f,™''-^ ^"'^■■^"-'l 
 the case, without at all investiJatlL . ' T """" '^'■'""'« 
 claim. c-itigating the legal grounds of the 
 
 -oid.'^V'p.ti'es: his" SiEr'"'' '"' "■'■ p"i»* of 
 
 justice cannot decide as' to th^l^ it""l'f ?"'"'' '^'»' 
 the honesty of the defendant in „I1 ' '' '"" °"'y »" 
 
 apposed rights: R. v^Cleiuens (SI: 7 ^^Tt "' ""'" 
 
 againarth:jtLtnt,tHther:t„r ?" t'''™' "'"' '- 
 then there is no iam >rfVnuestion of "'""'"•''f "'7 evidence, 
 -n Will not be ousted^ ^^TZf."^,^^,^^^- 
 
 atto:^ ztJrJtt% Zseiw '-."-^"^ 
 
 >rQ.r • 't:^£r^^^^'^^^^^ 
 ^"e!- .^dZSjrtt:;;"'S:4:;^e>^^ 
 
 ■; see Bicknell & Sealer's DP ilT',^""""-' ' 
 
 The claim i 
 
 s D. C, Act, p. 76. 
 
 in law . Watkm. „ iir.:.,^ ^.R. lo C.P. 
 
 it were sus- 
 
 le facts, be good in law and n^ \- .""^ ™'- 
 
 law. Watkirt. mS. LR^n '??^"iyS'> '-'<! 
 
 662; Har- 
 
156 DlWjrALIKlCATION AND OUSTER OK JURISDICTION. 
 
 ereave!! v. Uiddains, UR. 10 Q.B. 582; Keecc v. Miller, 8 
 Q.B.U. ti2(); Pearec v. Hcotcher, il Q.B.I). 162; U-at v. Vine 
 30 L.J. M.C. 207. 
 
 If there is a real (luestion of title, the want of i;mxl faith 
 of the defendant or the weakness of the evidence is of no 
 consequence; and there is no jurisdiction : Marsh v. Lewis, 17 
 Jor. 5.58. 
 
 A question of the title to land ousts the juriBdiction, if it 
 is really, although only incidentally, in question : Trainor v. 
 Holcombe, 7 U.C.R. 548; but it is doubtful whether the 
 question being raised merely incidentally, and if the justice 
 Hnds the fact against the parly raising it, jurisdiction is 
 ousted : Portinan v. Patterson, 21 U.C.R. 237 ; Re Bushell v. 
 Moss, U P.R. 251 ; McNeill v. Haines, 13 P.R. 115; Muskoka 
 V. McDerinott, 21 A.R. 129. 
 
 See the following cases upon the point as to when the 
 question of title to land is held to be raised : R. v. Taylor, 8 
 U.C.R. 257 ; Fair V. McCrow, 31 U.C.R. 599 ; R. v. Harden, 2 E. 
 & B. 187 ; Pearson v. Olazebrook, L R. 3 Ex. 27 : Bassano v. 
 Bradley (189fi>, 1 Q.B. 645; Howorth v. Sutcliffe (1895), 2 
 Q.B. 358. 
 
 The question for the justice to •'.^cidc is wlietlier the 
 defendant's liability is contingent upon a decision as to a 
 title to land upon which there is a real dispute : South Nor- 
 folk V. Warren, 12 C.LT. 512. 
 
 As to the meaning of " land," see Irish Land Cum. v. 
 Grant, L.R. 10 App. Cas., p. 25. 
 
 The question as to the terms of a tenancy is not a ((Ucstion 
 as to title to land : Re English v. MulhoUand, 9 P.R. 145 ; Re 
 Knight, 1 Exch. 802. 
 
 But where the question is as to the expiry of the landlord's 
 title, and the defendant has become liable to another pei-son 
 tor mesne profits, it is a question of title to land : Montnoy v. 
 Collier, ) E. & B. 629 ; and the question whether a township 
 is forccc. ;o repair a highway on the ground that it is a 
 public road vssted in Her Majesty as a provincial work, is 
 not a question as to title to land : Re Knight v. Medora, 14 
 A.R. 112; nor whether a stream is navigable: Reece v. 
 Miller, 8 Q.B.D. 626. 
 
 The question whether rails forming a fence, put by mistake 
 on another person's land, were the property of the person who 
 
cr.AiM or RimiT im title, 157 
 
 n t 1,- riK.t to piwlurage, m not k ,|U,.,ti„n as t.i tl„. ,itL to 
 laml : (irnimm v. Spfttigui., 12 A.R. 2(il. 
 
 If the ,|ue»tion U. as to l,,,«.li«l,l lan.l it mMn tlw iuris- 
 claim of ri^lit to ol»tn.ct a Htrfft: R. v. Tavlor, H VC 
 
 t^'iL^^uolIm tP:::"""" " ■^■''™^ ^ ■^■"'" ^- ^'"-' 
 
 _ It was said by Coleridge. C. J., in R. v. Eardloy 49 J P 
 
 hfilwlv i" ''"t"" '" '"•■''■ ""■■ '•'«'" '° "'^" -elusive' „se of a 
 
 en*' of T " ''T""" °' ,"- ti"« ^o ''""i. bnt only a., to 
 
 till nse of the surface of the road, and does not oust the 
 
 Cr'caT' ""°"- ''"' "^ "'" ^'""■"•^» °f ^^■''"». ™ i» t'- 
 
 rostrietio'nm.delT"''';! "'° "'^Ki^''"'"-'' ''"» 'iualified the 
 rrat.ict on under the above connnou law rule, by enactinir in 
 etieet, that n, order to oust the justices iuri.sdict"on i"flh" 
 part.eukr ease there must not only be a LrCcIa m of 
 "Kht but also that the defendant n.ust gi ' ^dd t™ to 
 ^. t.sfy the justice that he had fair an.l reasonable .^mmd, to 
 
 s;ts^:i^^'j,1f';!iV-'---.^«^:'^' 
 
 to te dead. And m cases of wilful damage, under Code 511 
 
 XractTuL™"'''','^ " -^- f *">■ " ^' ■" ^htwn ollt'ti'; 
 St Anllhrp'i/T"'' '"«'/™«»"'ble supposition of 
 ri^ht. And the Petty Trespo-ss Act. R.S.O. c. 120 s 1 con- 
 tains a similar proviso. In a prosecution under »-yo 'these 
 statutes, mere honest belief or claim of right to do'^what I e 
 
 'hat'IZe''; r"' '° T?"' ""•■ '^"'^'^ ■■ ■- '"-t alio : ,ew 
 tthat^there really were fan- and rea.so„able ground, for such 
 
 •io.i. K. \, JMvidson, 45 U.C.R. 91. 
 
158 MlwjrAUKICATlON AND ornTER OF JIBIMDUTION. 
 
 It i» for till' ilefondaut in mucIi .-nw, to gWv fvi<U'iici' of 
 factn lliK)n wliicli he could rfHnonubly found u Wlicf tliot 1m- 
 hail thu liuhl to do the act in quoNtion : B. v. .Malcolm, 2 (IK. 
 511 ; K. V Davy, 27 A.K. SOS, 4 Can. Cr. Ca». 28; K. v. 
 Muiwett, 2(i LT. 420. 
 
 In aiwHilt ca.se», Co<le 842 (8) pnjvidos tliat tin- junticu is 
 not to tiv the caw if any Imin fiil<- i|UeHtion a» to the litlc to 
 land, or "hankruptcy, or the execution of any proce.s» of any 
 court arises. 
 
 In this section of the Co<ie there is no provision reiiuirin;; 
 l)roor of ri'asonable grounds for tlie defendant's Iwlicf in Ins 
 claim of title ; the requirement is, merely tliat there must be 
 a real question as to title, and that it is honestly raised ; if so. 
 the jurisdiction is ousted ; no assault case, however clearly 
 established, can be sinnmarily tried by a justice if a question 
 of the title to land is raised in it : R. v. Feai-son, LR. 5 Q.B. 
 2:17. 
 
 But if the assault was independent of the i|Uestloli ot 
 title, the fact that there was such a question, is no deteliee, 
 even if the luwoult arose out of a dispute between the (mrtlts 
 as to the title to land : R. v. Edwards, 4 W.R. 2.i7. 
 
 Ami in K. v. Clemens (1808), 1 Q.B. 55ti. (a wilful 
 damage case). Lord Russell, C.J., held, that though tli.' 
 defendants were acting upon supposed rights, yet if ' ly 
 exceeded what was necessary for the as.sertion or protetaoii 
 of these rights, and thus cumniitted damage, they weiv 
 responsible criminally tor such excess. Hut in R. v. Pears.)n, 
 LK. 5 Q.B. 2S7, it was held, that in assault cases a question 
 of right is a good defence, even if exce.s.sive force was used, 
 because the words ot the proviso in the statute are large 
 enough to exclude any cases of assault whatever, in which a 
 ([uestion of title arises. 
 
 The cpiestion ot title, to lie a defence in a.s.sault cases, must 
 be a question as to land; and not as to persoiif pi-operty: 
 Code 842 (8) ; White v. Fox, 49 L.J. M.C. 60. 
 
 Code 284 (2), makes it a good defence to a charge, under 
 that section, that the accused claimed in good faith a right to 
 po88es.sion of the child taken away. In that case the mere 
 Imia fi'li claim ot right is a sufficient defence, if the, j is any 
 colour ot right whatever. 
 
 The quest'ons ot tact as to whether or not the defendant 
 acted upon a Ijona Jule belief that he had the right to do the 
 
MENS HK,l. 
 
 15!) 
 
 "•■' CDiiiphiiii,.,! of; ami us tn >vii,.ll, . I i i 
 
 KioiiMils for Ills l».li,.f ■ ,., "'','"'■' '»• Imci iMw.imbl,! 
 
 5?'r;i^;- S^''"' "''■'■""- ''-^^^ 
 
 grant «..tiormi „or ,„1 '♦''■.""t the court would not 
 
 tic, of the ovi,,™™ t!;:^;^, tk:r h™; "•;?";;'; t'- - 
 
 case II which then. h.wl L . ', ' "nl"!!'" "as a 
 
 verdict hyriuTva™ ns , l"f "'','""' '° ""• '"•*''°"" "»'' » 
 
 to ,uas.i a convictio,,, ca.inot ^ te ■ larfe Tft" ?tT Tk""' 
 
 j3;:::»'!;:::ii:;r°"""" "■°'™' '« 'i-'..wiii ..li^Ttj^ 
 an.,w7t.f„?t' up ';r,iC"r'f'i '■■'''" ."■'•'"•'' "" '^^'f^-j-' - 
 
 victio,, ill criiiiina piCcJ ' «; '7 ^' "r'^T^- '" " "'"- 
 acted with .uilty k!3;:Til;em ■"■ """ ""■ '^'f""'""' 
 
 vietI!"ir:';L:::^:;i:t'7 <:: "-'.- p.«.. ca„n„t bocon. 
 
 shewntliat tWiv w 1, w„ '"".',""' ■""""■ ""'"■* <' i" 
 
 R. V. Fanitero i;if (?^i . ' $ b'*,;, ^'ri*^' '" "'' P' '"''^ 
 LR. !) C.l' 1 Abe-rla- ;■»'.,'*''"■'"'" '■ Fletclier, 
 1.1. Abei.laie V. Hainiiiett, L.R. 10 Q.B l(i-> 
 
 an a^TS;,^ r'tr™"^ "'^■•" "■ »■*■■ to eo^titute 
 doing the ver ' ut LhiW 71 -f-"' ■'™'* '"" >*■ *'»" »? 
 thing wroii^Vv C'i 8 0Bn';'/"'r*'' '" ■'" »"■"- 
 
 «tatute.to^whi:^t'aC™;^rrn:::;^;;-s- 
 
Iiii^ 
 
 iiij 
 
 ^ 
 
 160 DIWALIKUATIHN AND ol^STER UK Jl'BlsUlCTION. 
 
 the Htiitutf iiiti.nlictiiiK unliciimil privalf luimtic aKyluiiiH, 
 wliich HIT!' htlcl to incluilo not only ii pkcf for luniitic», but 
 alM> iiiiy platv wluru [HTwinti lire in any woy rcntraincd r)f 
 tln'ii- liixTtv on iimiunt of their nicntii! foiiilition. It in no 
 ilffenci' avnihible to a \KTmu cliartJi'il with li.fpinj,' mich a 
 phii'f, that lie lioiifstlv Ix'li.viil that the Intt.T elaiw of p»T- 
 H<m» was not incluvleil" in tlii' Htatute ; K. v. Bishop, 5 y.B.l). 
 25il. So, in a prosocution \inilfr tlie proviHions i>f a liquor 
 licfiiKi- law, prohihitint; the supply inj; of intoxicants to a prr- 
 80n vho is intoxicated, the fact that the prson who obtained 
 the lii|Uor was apparently sober, and tlmt tlare was no inten- 
 tion to contravene the statute, would \k no defence : Cundy 
 V. Lecoc(|, 13 Q.B.I). 207. And it if no defence to a charge of 
 assaulting a peace otticcr in the execution of his (h ty that the 
 defendant did not know he was such officer: K. v. Korl)es, 10 
 Cox, C.C. 362. So in offences against the Act prohibiting 
 the adulteration of food, etc.: Kitzpatrick v. Kelly, L.K. H 
 Q.B. 337. 
 
 In this class of ca.se8 the existence of a Imiki jule mistake 
 is no an.swer to a charge ; and only applies in mitigation of 
 penalty : Cundy v. Irfcocij, Kiipni. 
 
 And it the act is in itself an iuijiroper one, it is no defence 
 that the accused believed that he had the legal right to do it: 
 R V. Prince, L.R. 2 C.C. 154. 
 
 It is a (juestion of the intention of the statute relating to 
 the offence, whether in a particular case absence of wrong 
 intent is a good defence or not. " The result of the reported 
 cases is that it is necessary to look at the object of each statute 
 that is under consideration, to see whether, and how far, 
 knowledge is of the essence of the offence created:" per 
 Stephen, C.J., Cundy v. Lecocq, swpr«. 
 
 The legislature may enact, and in some cases has enacted 
 that, " a man may be punished for an offence although there 
 was no blanieworth condition of mind, but this is against the 
 general principle of law ; and it lies on those who assert it, to 
 make it out convincingly by the language of the statute. 
 And a blameworthy condition of mind of a servant cannot 
 be imputed to the master " : per Cave, J., Chisholm v. Doul- 
 ton 22 Q.B.D. at p. 74, approved in Somerset v. Wade (1894). 
 1 Q B p. 576 ; Masaie v. Morris (1894), 2 Q.B. 412 ; Bank of 
 N.S.W. V. Piper (1997), 66 L.J.P.C. p. 76; R v. Vachon, 3 
 Can Cr. Cas. 558. 
 
MENn 
 
 III! 
 
 But in nniiH' cmwh a nia»ter mm- 1.. i„n 
 
 y.D.u. .iHo, Srim v. Wauir i 47 II" on- u t i ; 
 
 H T.LR. 424; Core v. ZL 7 ,, Bl ' 1 J- °v " •-"""■ 
 
 111 the IcftdiiiK C'we of K. v. Tolsoii •':! o H inu i ■ i j 
 1..V the Court of Crown ca»o, Xser'v« ,1 • ' l''"'''''^ 
 wliich the ,,ue»tior wh,.tl,,.v^n n.strw.l the principl,. „|„,n 
 wrong inte. " i, "r s , " P""'™'""- ™<^. "'-"-.Ke of 
 
 ri«ht..; or to «hsoiutei;;'.„, Jb •'e,.,;;-',",!;;;;;:' p-'r'.'- 
 
 done or omitted ; the brcio), nf tl • ■ *- ""'" '*''•.' 
 
 SOa But on the other hand, and irre.snect ve of H ^ i- 
 
liiH' 
 
 162 U.W*UflCAT10N AN.. orxiER "K JtB.SI.CT.O!<. 
 
 ""'"'ir'alfc^e, in which Ihoru n.«,t 1« a «.,.- r.,-, in ..nlor 
 
 1 .. >i.u alm-nce of ni'ii" ml m not n«c<"™"'j' " i< 
 It. r™«,na\.l. «roun.l (or U. .^mrUo,. ' - »^^ 'i,^,«, 
 
 l^lr^,;B^s:R::'K^^ec:^c.e^«,;sh..- 
 
 act itself »•■" «"""P™1'"''™"'"V'",T L offenc.-: K. v 
 (1900), -2 QB. 158. 
 
CHAITEK X 
 
 PiHsoxN Under a Uisam.utv t., Commit Ckime. 
 
 of am^^loT^vI '1',"'' T"'" '"''"' J™'^ "''' ™» •- ~"^ict«l 
 ol Uli.\ ottiMicu, whi'tlipr l,y «« or oiii »,,„„ : C'.,.|i. (I iin.l .■■<.!. 
 ".tum.y ,„ « j„,ti«e,uio„ „r «c«».. for m...!. om.lt. : o"k 8 
 
 h; :!r^L::.::.:"r;;:r:iiTrry:f-;r::u- 
 
 H,^ I •,.,,!,■ • ■*■ *-*"""l'. 1 (ox. C. 200 R V 
 
 OHindem" ' ' " ' "™ '""" "•'•'venile 
 
 of alfnm.f °"!" ^ ""'? "•."''"• '■'J'^^'"-" »""»' l* oonvictod 
 M..,« tie nature and con-Mequeno... of l,i, conduct and to 
 appreciate that it was wrong : Co.le 10 
 
 tl.e '"atur?of"''hr" '" '^""1 " "'"''' •""'" '* '**» "°' ^now 
 re»ponHible but this presumption, in cose of a child over 7 
 may ^rebu ted by shewing that he did the act with Ztv 
 
 mitted together with his conduct in connection with it mav 
 ^hemselves afford P-^f thathe had guilty knowljge ; 2 E 
 r V 1. 'i. *'°' ^-^ ^^' ^ "■ Vamplow, 3 F. & F 520 R 
 V. -iork, Foster, 70; R. v. Owen, 4 C & P 236 
 
 u„deM4"'Rl!::?Tp''" "^ ""'"'■^ '^ '»''"'=' » 'WW 
 unuer 14 . Koscoe a Cr. Ev., p. 998 ; 1 Hale P C 27 
 
 knoltd!!"" "i*' ' "!'"'' "' °™'' ^ >•«»"• ""d having guilty 
 com^S: ";. t^''""'': «'■""»"«' tl-^ "ri-"" by commai;;! or 
 
 eompulsion .s by threats and «>tual fear of im™;J!ate death 
 
l| ■ 
 
 jl I* 
 
 It > 
 
 I 
 
 . I'.i 
 
 164 PERSONS UNDER A DISABILITY TO COMMIT CRIME. 
 
 or e.ievou8 bodily harm, from a pei-son actually present when 
 L offence w.u. committed. This is. by Code 12, n.ade a 
 defence "the case of a crime being committed by ar.y person. 
 and such defence is restricted to the degree ot con.puls.on 
 mentToned in Code 12, and does not extend to excuse murder 
 "any of the other offences specially mentioned „> that 
 section. K. V.Tyler, 8 C.& P. eie. 
 
 A boy under 14 is conclusively presumed by the common 
 law to te physically unable to comn.it any sexual ottence 
 whateve7^ well as being presumed, as above mentioned not 
 To'know ihe nature and quality of his acts :R. - l^de-haw, 
 3 C it P. 306 ; R. v. Hartlen (S.C.^.S.), 2 Can. Cr. Las. i-. 
 
 In other than cases ot sexual offences the presumption 
 mav be rebutted ; but it is conclusive in those cases and can- 
 Zth^ rebutted even by proof that the boy had in tact 
 a^ved at puberty : R. v^hiUips, S C. & P. 736 ; see note to 
 R V Hartlen, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 12, as to cases of indecent 
 assault. J 1 1 :„ 
 
 Code 266 (2) expressly provides that a boy under 1+ is 
 incapable of committing the crime of rape. 
 
 This section of the Code is declaratory of th^ =°;"";°" 
 law and by providing for the one class of cases, does not 
 impliedi; rl^al by exclusion, or make obsolete^ the common 
 Z prlncipirin regard to other offences : R. v. Hartlen, supra. 
 A bn- under 14 years, and over 7, cannot be convicted ot 
 an offence under cie 269, of having carnal knowledge of a 
 
 To^,f..f^tfnS; nor of rape nor assault «ith intent 
 to commit rape ; or any other sexual offence ; R. v. Briii ilo« , 
 ^C &" 366; R. v. Phillips, 8 C. & P 736 ; nor of sodomy: 
 R. V. Hartlen. 2 Can. Cr. Caa 12 ; but he may be co-ict.^d 
 of an indecent assault : R. v. Williams (1893 , 1 Q.B. 3-0. K^ 
 V Hartlen, supra: see Code 260; or of aiding and a tettn g 
 another to commit any ot the above offences: 1 Hale. P.C 
 
 *'^\ boy under 14 years cannot be convicted of an unnatural 
 offence: R. v. Hartlen, supra ^K v. Allan, 1 Den. o.C. M. 
 A lerson over 14 years old, is presumed to have capacity 
 t. cti^^ranycrime'and to be responsible for lus^ic ion, 
 unless the contrary is proved ; R. v. Owen, 4 C. & P. -3b 
 
PERSONS CXDER A DISABILITV TO COMMIT CRIME. 165 
 
 ■5-1. J^o\t.|l V. Beauchamp(lS94) AC ()07 ■<•"■"• 
 
 p...e„eedoesso„SrKn:tXi;r ""'' ""'"^""'^ 
 
 prow!w"b^ Cot"" :i' t"" H-'T"" °' ^'-P""-''- - "-' 
 "Aeeessoriei";^. •"■' '""''''* '*'"-> '""" P- 164; and aee 
 
 All the common law rti)i'»» nj* f.» i.io+;c i.- 
 by Code 7, except wl o.v v„.?J K n ™ "° Preserved 
 Cri,„i„al Code ""^ ''^' "'" P'-o^ions.of the 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Conditional Jurisdiction. 
 
 Prosecutions under the Criminal Code, ss. 7J. j8. 100. 
 131 363 370, 476, cannot be commenced without tlie leave 
 of the AW-General : see ss. 543 to 549 of the Cr Code. 
 
 The "Attomey-Oeneral" means in Ontario, the Attorney 
 General for that Province : Code 3 (b). 
 
 Prosecutions under Code 256 or 257 cannot be cominenced 
 withouTthe consent of the Minister of ^I^- "if J'*-;,V 
 Code 546, which is added to the Criminal Code by 50 \ ict, 
 
 ^"°Tht^' under the Seaman's Act, R.S.C. c. 74, if either party 
 is a forT«ner belonging to a foreign ship -J>* .-"neerned 
 in the proceedings, cannot be commenced unless bj the 
 consent It the pai^ies orof the consul or agent of the country 
 to which the ship belongs : K.S.C. c. 74, s. 129. 
 
 Consent to the prosecution must be obtained before the 
 
 preliminary proceedings before "'« '-gi"'™.";:™. "^i'^'lll 
 R V Barnett, 17 O.K. 649; except as provided in Code o4o 
 for the oLice therein mentioned, and except in the caseol 
 an offence committed on board ship, in which case the 
 Wrial statute. 41 & 42 Vict., c. 73, s. 3. expn>ssly provide 
 thaTit is not so re,uired. The consent must he g.v» by he 
 official named, and his authority cannot be delegated. 
 Abrahams v. The Queen, 6 S.C.R. 10. 
 
 A witness coming to Canada to give evidence under 
 privTle<.e from arrest cannot be prosecuted for any offence 
 p"evioSsly committed by him, but is not exempted tiom 
 ^ZciL for any offence he n.ay »->"■ -hik P^se n, m 
 Canadi to give evidence ; Ex p. Ewan, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. ii.i. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 General Jurisdiction. 
 
 Subject to the foregoing considerations a justice's juris- 
 diction to bring before him at any time, any person charged 
 with any offence, extends to the following cases : — 
 
 Offences Committed In the Justice's County.— ( l ). Any 
 
 indictable oftence whatever, charged as having been com- 
 mitted within the justice's county, no matter where the 
 accused may happen to be, and whether in any part of 
 Canada or elsewhere : Code 554 (6) ; R. v. Blythe, 1 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 284. Where goods have been obtained in Quebec by false 
 pretences made in Ontario the party procuring the goods 
 may be prosecuted in Quebec : R. v. Gillespie, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 
 551 ; R. v. Gillespie (No 2), 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 309. Where 
 goods were obtained in England under false pretencia made 
 in Scotland it was held that the offence consisted in obtaining 
 the goods, and not in making the false pretences, and the 
 party was liable for prosecution in England ; and so even if 
 the false pretences were made in a foreign country : R. v. 
 Ellis (1899), 1 Q.B. 230. 
 
 Cases under the justice's summary jurisdiction mu.st, 
 unless otherwise directed by the Act relating to the offence, 
 be brought before a justice for the territorial jurisdiction in 
 which the offence was committed, and may be so brought, no 
 matter where the accused may be : Code 842. 
 
 But any one who aids or abets in the commission of 
 such offence may be proceeded again.st before a justice either 
 for the county where the principal offender may be convicted, 
 or in that in which the aiding or abetting was committed : 
 Code 842 (2). 
 
 These provisions of Code 842 (2), apply also to summary 
 prosecution for offences against Ontario laws: R.S.O. c. 90, s. 2. 
 
 Writing or mailing a threatening letter in one county to 
 a person in another, is an offence in the latter county as well 
 as in the former county : R. v. Girdwood, 2 East, PC. 1120 ; 
 R. v. Burdett, 4 B. & Aid. 95 ; R. v. Essex, 2 East, P.C. 1125 ; 
 3 Russ. on Cr., 6th ed., 722 (p). 
 
 ii 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
168 
 
 OENEBAL JUBISD'.CTION. 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 <i;l 
 
 In cases of false pietences the crime is completed where 
 the .'oods are obtained: K. v. Cooke, 1 F. k F. 64; R. v. 
 Holmes, 15 Cox, C.C. "'43. 
 
 If Accused in the Justice's County-but Offence Com- 
 mitted Elsewhere (2). The justices jurisdiction extends 
 
 to i,tdMaUe offences (but not to cases under the summary 
 iurisdietio' clauses), committed or jmrtly committed any- 
 'where in the Province of Ontario (although outside the 
 justice's county), if the accused resides, or is found or appre- 
 hended or is in custody in the justice's county : Code 554 (a). 
 640. 
 
 The indictable offence must have been committed, or 
 partlv committed in the justice's province, and if the offence 
 was "committed wholly in another province, even it the 
 accused is in the justice's county, a justice in the latter has 
 no jurisdiction : Code 640. 
 
 The case of a proprietor, editor or publisher of a news- 
 paper cluir<,'ed with publishing a defamatory libel, may be 
 tried in the province in which he resides or in which the 
 newspaper is printed : Code 640 (2). 
 
 Such case would alo be within the provisions of Code 
 553 (b), having been begun within one magistrate's jurisdiction 
 and completed in another if within the same province. 
 
 In the case of an indictable offence committed in one 
 county, and the accused is proseeuced under the above sections 
 in another county in the some province, the justice in the lat- 
 ter may, if he sees fit, send the accused by warrant (form A 
 to the Cr. Code) to any justice tor the county m which the 
 offence was committed ; Code 557. But he is "Ot obliged to 
 do so: R. V. Burke, per Falconbridge, C.J., 7th July, 1900. 
 The constable in such case, is to take the depasitions and 
 papers, with the accused, to any justice for the county where 
 the offence was committed, and such justice ill continue the 
 case as if it had been begun before him : Code 557 (2). 
 
 A justice has no jurisdiction whatsoever over an indict- 
 able offence not committed in his county , unless the accused is 
 in the county ; (except in cases in unorganized distncts: Code 
 555, see pmt p. 170) ; and even if the accused should be 
 brought before such justice on a summons or warrant, he does 
 not thereby waive the objection so aa to come withm the 
 justice's jurisdiction: Paley, 6th ed 31 ; Johnatfln v. Colam, 
 L.R. 10 Q.B- 544. 
 
OEXEHAL JlKl.SDKTION. 
 
 169 
 
 ais„""S"to "f'""^'"«f;-;3)- The justices juri«iiction 
 T ,,, '° ™'"'" '" «'iich tlie accused is eliarir„I «-,n, 
 
 tuiij obtained withmthejuHtice's county: Code554(,)- and in 
 case, ,n winch the accused has in l.is [xiession in the iu^ce" 
 county pro,.,rty stolen either in Canada or a Zi in coultrv 
 theaccu,edn>avlM3bro„ghtlK.foresuch justice: C^els^'d;: 
 Offences Committed on Boundaries of Countles.-(4) 
 
 I., cases of „He.,ces connnitted on any boundary l"tw^.„ two 
 b t een two or more counties, or anywhere within 500 yards 
 
 C J oolr^aTi ■',/:"''" °' T'!T ''"""'y '"- J>"-isdic't?o 
 T. J ^ and (/,), as amended by the Act of 1000, c 46 
 
 a:,. ,"i- ^"i* y"^" i" n>«a.sured as the crow flies" or in a 
 
 a c I ■"■",^: ^""'7i '"■'' ■»' by -<i unless U ! i,! 
 
 -! T I e,tedp,«( ■■ Execution of Warrants." 
 
 in nmiher even ft"T„ ' r^"""; "' "'■"•' """'^y """^ """pleted 
 
 nnotlei, e\en t in different provinces, a iu.stice for either 
 
 county has .lurisdietion : (Jode 55.3 (4). J™™" '°f "'her 
 
 A person charged with an offence begun by mailinsr a 
 
 fraudulent statement in a county in Ontario to aT^oifi* 
 
 Pearson v, McGowran, 3 B. & C. 700. <^'^p. un, 
 
 Offences Regrardlngr the Hails op Travellers -re > 
 Offences rela ing to the mails, (see Post Ofli" Act RSC^' 
 3o.) or a mail carrier, or a letter, or anything .sentby nmiror 
 an ortence upon a person, or in respect of property in o™ 
 a vehicle, (public or private, R. v. Sharpi IW™ rr dF?^ 
 employed on a journey'or on a vessefemK o" - n-iible 
 mer, canal or any other inland navigation^ may be bVolirrl t 
 t^Z 7itTT. ' d "1' ™™'/ "'™"«'' which the sat 
 wb..eofr™c....„ or upon a vehicle : " see R^ !. Sharpl: 
 
 ccmZlA^"'°"\u'^'"^ °' »•»'«"? in one county an of^ince 
 ZTiZTtC'' P""".';''''^ ™ ^mmary^convSn 
 847(2^ * ■^ "" '" "'"'='' ^"'"y- Code 
 
 li 
 
170 OENEBAL JUW8DICTI0N. 
 
 OffanoM Commlttwl In OnorgtuiJied Dl.triots.-(8v A 
 nerson committing an offence in any unorganized district in 
 S^rio ""n any lalce or river not embraced in any organized 
 dS may be brought before a justice for any county n 
 "0,11 dealt with as if the offence was committed ,n the 
 iustice'a county : Code 555. 
 
 FuritlveOiren(JeW.-(9). If an offence is «™>n.itted m 
 any pS^^of His Majesty's Dominions, other han Canada and 
 thJoffenderis snsjicted of being i^'^''™'^ " °" ^ , 3 
 here any justice in Canada may take an information and 
 frue r^pmvisional waiTanf to bring the offender befoe 
 hTtor examination with a view to his surrender under .lie 
 Fugitive Offenders Act : R.S.C. c. 143, s, 6. 
 
 The justice on issuing such warrant is to report >t. w>th a 
 certifled''copy of the information, to the «ov«=™°'-C"^ '""' 
 thrS. tlVpartmentof the Minister of Justice) and the 
 wa™ may be executed in the county of the JU^f-^-^J " 
 ^sued it orin any other place in Canada, on its being 
 "Cked" if in another county, as described in the Chapter 
 on " Proceedings before Magistrates : s b. 
 
 The fugitive on being arrested is to be brought before tt 
 iustice who issued the warrant, or who "backed 't. o. ai } 
 other iustice whose duty is thereupon to remand the fugltl^e 
 wao fZ time totimlforareasonabletme,not excee^^^^^^^ 
 s^™i days on aw one remand, pending the arrival o the 
 wirrant (called an ■ endorsed warrant"), for the fugit es 
 TerisS in the county where the °f '----■"-" ^^ 
 and endorsed by the Govemor-General of Canada, omj 
 iud^e of any court in Canada, as described m s. 5 s 7 (4 . 
 'Form of'remand given in the Schedule 1 to the CrJ^oe 
 may be used, making necessary changes, or, "nsteaa 1 
 ^^manlg the fugitivt to gaol, the justice may take bud. 
 
 On the arrival and production to the justice of the " en- 
 dorsed wlrrlnt" above mentioned, the justice will proceed 
 Sh::rand take e^^ence as if the offence w^^^^^^^^^^ 
 •i.1 J ,„in.;i. the- iustice s lulisdiction, and tue proceeuing. 
 r'd fornix wUlt Sar to' those on a preliminary inc,u,i,- 
 
 " 'r;^iZlJ^»es a .. strong or Fobablepres^ipt™. ; 
 that the fugitive committed the c fence charged, and that 
 Lone of tifose referred to in s. o .h.: treason, piracy or an. 
 
OFFENCES COMMITTED AT SEA. 171 
 
 iftllr^.T'!,*'*™'' %'"''''' '" P'"'i''''»>'Ie in the place where 
 Canadian law, the justice « to commit the offender to gaol to 
 await h« surrender to the authorities of the country where 
 the offence was committed : «h. 3 and 7. 
 
 The justice is also to infonn the fugitive that he will not 
 be surrendered .11 after 15 days, and that he has the right to 
 apply for a wr. of habeas corpus, or other like proceeding : 
 nn * p .. ""* J^^V' " "'"" f°rt'>«'itb to send a certified 
 
 S'tstic;oti!i;a"°r™Sf ""*''■ """"«" "■" "'•»''-" 
 
 Any justice also has authority, on the •■ endorsed warrant" 
 
 being produced, to issue a search warrant for property stolen 
 
 or unlawfully taken or obtained : s. 12. i" i" > *'^"'"^" 
 
 see Iw-'r ""Z" P'^'^'dmgs in regard to search warrants, 
 see poitt : bearch Warrants. 
 
 The fugitive may be arrested upon an •• endorsed war- 
 rant, received from the place where the offence was committed, 
 without any provisional warrant " under s. 6, being issued 
 and the justice before whom the fugitive is taken will in .,„cli 
 case^t once proceed to take evidence and commit the fugitive 
 aa above indicated ; and any justice in Canada may act : s 14 
 The justice may take any depositions for the purpose 
 above mentioned, in the absence of the person accused : Tl6. 
 But this should only be done if it is unavoidable. As to the 
 authentication of warrants and other documents : see s. 18. 
 
 Offenees Committed at Sea—All persons of whatever 
 nationality, on board any ship, Britishor foreign, in any 
 Canadian port are amenable to Canadian laws, being on 
 Canadian territory. By virtne of Imperial statute, 41 I 42 
 Vict., c. 73, this 18 extended to the territorial waters of British 
 possessions; that is, within three marine miles of the coast, 
 measured from low water mark: .see s.,. 2 and 7 of that statute 
 fh„'^'" ^T""! "■" f"™™""- General must be obtained in 
 
 m tted w^hin the three-mile limit, before the accused is tried, 
 but not before he is apprehended, and committed for trial ^ 
 
 be obtained when the offender is not a British subject, before 
 any prosecution is begun for any offence committed within 
 tne Admiralty jurisdiction. 
 
 
172 
 
 OENEBAL Jt'BISDICTION. 
 
 The above Imperial Act expresHly applies to all Bntmh 
 uoHsemioiiH and is in force in Canada : Code 5, and o justice 
 will proceed in such case in the same way as it the particular 
 oHence was coiniiiitte<l within his ortlinary jurisdiction. 
 
 The Merchant Shipping Act, 1S»4, Imp. stat., .57 and 8» 
 Viet., c. (iO, gives extensive jurisdiction to courts in British 
 po.ssessions,iiicludinK Canada. Section 084 provides that every 
 oHeiico against that Act shall, for the purpose of giving juris- 
 diction, lie deemed to have been committed either m the place 
 where it was actually committ.!d, or in any place where the 
 offender may afterwards be found. 
 
 S4), anyone contravening anywhere, any provisions of that 
 statute, and aftewards being found in Canada, even if brought 
 here as a prisoner by force (R. v. Lopen, 27 LJ.M.C. 48), may 
 be dealt with here as if the offence had biien committed in 
 the county or place in Canada where the offender is so found. 
 Sec. 885 gives to courts, justices and magistrates, for any 
 district or place abutting on any lake, river or navigable 
 water, jurisdiction over any vessel being in or near such lake, 
 river or navigable water, and over all persons on board or 
 beloni'iiii' to such vessel, as if the vessel or persons were within 
 the liniits of the original jurisdiction of the court, justice or 
 magistrate. This applies to all offences whether triable sum- 
 marilv or indictable ; and any offence committed on such 
 vessel", or by any one on or belonging to her, which would, it 
 committed in Ontario, be an offence against the laws in force 
 there may be dealt with (as if it were committed in Untario) 
 by any justice for any district abutting on the lake, nvcr or 
 water on or near which the vessel was when the offence was 
 committed. 
 
 Sec 686 provides, that if a British subject commits an offence 
 on a British ship on the high sea, or in any foreign port or 
 harbour, or on board any foreign ship to which he does not 
 beloncr ■ or if any person who is not a British subject com- 
 mits Ml offence on board a British ship on the high sea ; and 
 such person is afterwards found in any British possession, the 
 courts there have jurisdiction to try the offence as il it had 
 been committed within the limits of their ordinary jurisdic- 
 tion. • ■ c A 
 So that a justice for the place where the accused is found, 
 may proceed in such case, as he would in the case of an ottence 
 coirmitted in his county. 
 
OFKEXCE COMMITTED AT SEA. 173 
 
 Sec. fi»7 turtlKT provi.ltN, that .ill ottencoH a™in»t property 
 
 Br t„h dnm.n.o„» by any .n.u,ter, ^Tvant or apprentice who 
 . then or wa» w,t!nn three n,„ntl» en,pl„ye.l on any British 
 8l.p (whether such person i, a Hriti»l', or fon^i^n «,l,ject) 
 
 ■able to the same punishment, and be en,|uired into an.l trie.l 
 m the «an>e manner, and by the san... courts, as if the oHence 
 E^lanl]'" "'" J""'*""'"" "f *•'« Adnmalty of 
 
 So that an oflence by such nia-ster, seaman or apprentice 
 conmnttcd out of British don.inions, n.ay be dealt"^ witi in 
 Ont^no, just as if the oHence had been coL.itted in the us" 
 tice 8 county m Ontario ; if the offender is found there 
 
 «l,»lf^ "'• t'T, P™^''^««' """ "ny ortinces under the Act 
 shall be pumshable m any British possession, by any court or 
 magistrate by whom an otTcnee of tl>c like character is o <H 
 nanly punishab e, or in such other manner as „,ay be dete^- 
 nnncKl by any local Act or l„w in such British %J^o>. 
 The local courts, and local laws, are applied. 
 
 By 8. 689 a British con.sular officer is empowere,l to send 
 any master, seaman or apprentice who is, or Tas within three 
 n>onth8, master, scan.an or apprentice on a British shpai^d 
 who commas an offence, at any place, afloat or ashor' ^u^of 
 H 8 Majesty s dominions, or any ma.ster, seaman or apprentice 
 
 the high sea, in custody to any British possession to be 
 
 A justice before whom such offender is broueht will mo 
 ceed as if the offence was committed in bis own county ^ 
 
 Section 712 makes all the provisions of the above statute 
 rom section 680 to section 712, applicable to all British ^J 
 sessions, unless otherwise provided ^ 
 
 ^f}°" 1*1^01^^^ all previous statutes on the subject 
 except 41-42 Vict., c. 73, above referred to, and 12-1:) Vict 
 
 By the provisions of a. 1 of the latter statute which is 
 
 Act of 1894, any offence committed upon the sea or within 
 the jurisdiction of the Admiralty, shall, in any Brftish colonv 
 where tne person is charged with the offence or brght there 
 
1. 
 
 m 
 
 \\\ 
 
 174 OINEKAL JUKWDICTION. 
 
 for trial bo .le»lt with iK if it had b««n committed within 
 he h t of the local juri-dictio,. of the court, of cnm.na 
 juriHdiction of .uch colony; and by -. 3 of the «'"« -"'"^' '■ 
 iny perwn die» in any colony in cou«=.,uenco of h'"'.^ been 
 fe.o„L.ly hurt or poi-onod upon the «>a or w'hm -" 
 limitH of the Adn.iralty. or at any pkce out of the colony 
 Z offence n.»y be dealt with in »uch colony a« if .t had 
 been wholly committed there. 
 
 The Great Uker-Tho K^eat hikes are witlnn the 
 Admiralty juriHdiction, beinK a place where Kreat "hipn tfo to 
 and fronf the hiRh sea, and anyone con.m. tn.g an otfence 
 atoard a British ship, whether within Canadian "rA.ner,can 
 praters, is amenable to Canadian law, and n.«y be tned .n 
 Canada : K. v. Sharp, 5 P.R. 135. 
 
 Canadian ships are British ships, and the atove Imperial 
 statutes opply to them : s.c. 
 
 A British ship is part of British toriitory and I'" l*™ 
 likened toa British floating island; and a tore^ier ,« wdUs 
 a British subject, committing an oftence on board »»"''»» 
 ship on tl,e high sea, or in any foreign haven, over or place, 
 "^;^r:groat slips go. eommf such otfence withmtl^jur,"- 
 diction of the Admiralty and ,s amenable '» J">1"^J7„"^ 
 and under the above statutes he may be tried b« o^^ '"y 
 court within whose territorial jurisdiction he may »? t"™^» 
 happen to be found, or brought : E. v. Lopez, 2J I-J»i?- *° ; 
 R.V Anderson, L.R 1 C.C. 161 ; B. v. Carr, 10 Q.B.D. 76, 
 Eussell on Crimes, 6th ed. 19. 
 
 By the above statutes power is given to Canadian courts 
 to try the offender, and the law applicable to the offence .s 
 that in force in Canada. 
 
 By section 580 of the Canadian Cr. Code, any i»^^<^J°J 
 the territorial division in which a P"""'"' =^"f «" ,' J^ 
 committing an offence within the jurisdiction of the Adm^l^ 
 of England is suspected to be, may >»"!» 7»7" ' h^^^^the 
 to the Cr. Code, and the offender may be de^t with in the 
 manner directed by the provisions of the Cr. Code m regard 
 topreliminary inquiries into indictable offences ; as to which 
 see infra. . ., 
 
 Such warrant may be " backed " and executed m another 
 
 county : see infra. j » u i,,. 
 
 Proof that the ship was a BritUh ship need not be by 
 
 producing the register, but it is sufficient to shew that the 
 
OFKENCEH OUT OK CANADA. 
 
 ITS 
 
 xhip Iwloiup '0 Britinli owm-nt. ami carrim the Briliuli flag • 
 R. V. Allan, 10 Cox, C.C. 40J ; K. v, Suvem, LR. I C.C. 2B4 ; 
 R. V. Jornncn, 10 Cox, C.C. 74. 
 
 Offaneat Commltttd out of CwitiU.— Th provi«i(,n« of 
 
 the Imperial Btatutes uljove referred lo (jive juriwlictiou to 
 the Canadian courts over the clam of oH'enceH above alluded 
 to, although they are coniuiitted out of Canada. 
 
 The general rule of law in that all crime in local, and the 
 juriwliction over crime generally l)elong» to the country 
 « Inn; the crime i» conunittMl, and except over British «ub- 
 jects His Majesty and the Imperial Legislature have no |K)wer 
 whatover. otherwise than by treaty, over persons not in 
 BritiHh dominions: and the Canadiaiil'arliament hasnojuris- 
 iliction, under the B.X.A. Act, to legislate, nor have Canadian 
 conrt.i any authority in regard to oflences committed wholly 
 out of Canada, by a permm who is not a British subject : 
 Shield.s V. Peak, H H.C.K .57!) : R. v. Pierce, 13 O.R. 22U ; R. 
 V. Plowman, 2.5 O.R. 8.56; McLeod v. Attorney-General 
 N.fS.W. (1891), A.C. 43,5; Low v. Routledge, L.R. 3 H.L. 100. 
 
 As to the offences (other than those above referred to, 
 namely, those committed at sea and by fugitives from justice 
 from other parts of His Majesty's dominions), committed 
 wholly out of Canada, by a British subject, resident in Can- 
 ada, it is still questionable whether the Dominion Parliament 
 has been given, by the B.N.A. Act, authority to legislate : 
 see Re Bigomy, 27 S.C.R. 461 ; and notes in 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 
 203. 
 
m 
 
 CHAPTER Xlll. 
 
 I'oWEiw OK JiisTirix ANi> Maihmtkatem Whiij; 
 
 HllLDINO CoIBT. 
 
 Contempt of Court. -Thf ttuthority ami p.)»-.n. uf 
 
 m«i«lraU." "ml ju-tieo. to regulate th. ,,r.x-..a...K» nn.l 
 Tforce order in their courts, «u.l to .leal w.th pr^n. pnlty 
 of di«rderly or i,wulti..K wor.l» or comluet or other con ™,,, 
 of court, i. fully de.crib«d in the am of \ouiiK v. S»ylor 2.J 
 ORMS, .ffirraed on appeal, 20 A.R. «4,5,«n.l the author.fe, 
 on the .ubject are cit«d and di«u»«..d in the oriKUial cane. 
 
 The Keneral effect of the decision in that case, and of the 
 authoritiea cited in it, may be sUted aa follown : 
 
 A JlwUeo'S Authority—Any judicial officer (which in- 
 cludes a juatice of the peace when trying a ca8e or perfon.nn): 
 other judicial act,, (but not while doing .nerely ■"•"■"'"•«' 
 «ct») ha« impliedly authority, without forn.al proce«^ ngs to 
 "der the removal and exclusion from the place where the 
 trial is being held, of all personH who interrupt or obstruct 
 the proceediViKH by any disorderly conduct, inKulting wor-K 
 or in any other way ; such authority being indispensable lor 
 the pro^r exercise of the officer's judicial functions. 
 
 But it has never been decided, and is very ,,uestionable. 
 whether a justice has power (not being a Court of Record, 
 and his authority being limited t". "-at expressly given by 
 statute, and no statute having given him 'h^' P°^«' " 
 summarily punish by tine or imprisonment a contempt, eviii 
 i™ is committed in/«ri. c^crUv. and he certain y cannot ,lo 
 so by a mere verbal order, without a fo-.-Mal henimg und 
 adjudication and warrant setting out the contempt. 
 
 ■ But the offender, or any one a».sisting him, may be 
 indicU'd for a breach of the peace, or for ob-iructing a peaiv 
 officer" (which includes a justice : Code 3 (»))m the exemse 
 of his duty, whether judicial or ministerial i Cwle 1 1-. (->. 
 
 A justice has no authority to deal with r.ny person lor 
 insultin-' wonls used behind the justices back, out of eo.iu . 
 but onlf for wor<ls or conduct in his presence, and by imon» 
 of which the proceedings and order are disturbed: R. ^ 
 
 
POWIRS (It roLICt MAIIIHTHATDI. 
 
 177 
 
 Ufroy, LR N Q.B. 134; R v, Wiltje, 1 Cm,.. U2 ; R, v. 
 
 Brompton Ju(l);<! (1H03), 2 Q.B. 108. 
 
 The juatice ahould ho careful tint the miMon.liict jiistiAp* 
 
 the order for exclunion ; and that he )um not by hi. own 
 
 wor.i» or conduct been to bUnie : mx CNanold v. Mmchell 25 
 
 U.C.R 80; 26 U.C.R 422. 
 
 For a pemon to lay of a jnntico in court in reference to 
 
 hi» judgment, "That ia a moat unjuat remarli," i, a wilful 
 
 inault and contempt: R. v. Jonlan, 36 W.R 88», 7(17 ; .ir t<i 
 reflect in any way on the honeaty or impartiality o' the 
 juatico: R v. Skipworth, 12 Cox, C.C. 371. 
 
 In caae a juatice ordeni, aa he haa the right to do, the 
 excluaion of a peraon acting in an improper manner, it would 
 be better to laauo a written order or a warr,int under aeal to 
 a conatable, authorizing auch excluaion and atating the 
 grounda and the particulara of the contempt or other 
 improper conduct. 
 
 Polle* Naffiitnta-t Authority—The authority of a 
 
 pohce, atipendiary, or diatrict niagiatrato while holding court 
 la very much more cxtenaive than that of a juatice. 
 
 By a. 90S of the Criminal Code, such magiatrate haa the 
 aame power and authority to preaervc order in cou *, and by 
 like waya and meana, aa may be excrciaed and uaed in like 
 caaea and for the like purpoaea. by any court in Canada, or 
 909 ■* ' ""*' '*'° '■"''"•"K "' "'" '»*"■' ■ we "'"o tiode 
 
 The power given includea punishment for contompU 
 committed "during the holding" of the court, but there i» no 
 power to proceed for conterapta committed out of court ■ Re 
 ?!f*'i''',.*.'^'^'* '*"• ^ P»ci|uette, 11 PR. 463; Re Elliot 
 4! Solicitoi-a' Journal, 625; fc v. Surrey Judge, 13 Q.B.I).' 
 903, and caaea mtpra. 
 
 A magiatrate haa power, not only to expel and exclude 
 by force, but also to commit a person guilty of contempt by 
 inaultin him, or otherwiae, when acting in hia judicial 
 capacity, but not when acting ministerially : 3 Burna' Justice, 
 JOth ed., p. 160; see also Young v. Saylor, 23 0.1! 513. As 
 to what are "judicial " and what " ministerial " acts see itnte 
 pp 61, 62, 147. 
 
 But a peraon who obatructa a magistrate or justice in the 
 exerciae of his duty, whether judicial or ministerial, may be 
 prosecuted under Code 144, «.-s. 2 (a). 
 
178 POWEBS OF JUSTICES AND MAGISTRATES. 
 
 A »i.iall room communicating with the court room is not 
 open court : Kenyon v. Eastwood, 57 L.J.Q.B. 454. 
 
 It i» not clear that a magistrate can punish tor contempt 
 committed while he is executing his duty in h,s own house, 
 and not proceeding iu any " court :" McKenzie v. Mewburn, 
 6 O.S 4«6; ami the same case decides that if a magistrate 
 commits a person for contempt, he must regularly convict; 
 that is, he Tust call upon the party to defend l\»n«elf and 
 shew cause why he should not be convicted; and should at 
 once enter an adjudication convicting the party and awarding 
 punishment; anil he should issue a forinal warrant of com- 
 mitment under his hand and seal, and setting out the contempt. 
 The nature of the insult need not be stated : Levy v. 
 Jlovlaii 10 C.B. 189; but upon such committal on a cluly 
 issued warrant setting; out the facts of the contempt, the High 
 Court while it Ims jurisdiction to intervene and prevent any 
 usuiTation of jurisdiction, by the magistrate f<"'t'ngj' » 
 contJmpt that which there is no reasonable ground for so 
 treatin.r, yet it has no jurisdiction to act as a court ot appeal 
 fr:m th/magistrate's^Hnding upon a --'t^^^-f ' ""[, ° 
 review the facts stated in the warrant; but on the other 
 hand, if there is no formal warrant issued, the magistrate 
 must establi-sh .such tacts as will justify his co";;^''. '*'' '^ 
 questioned : R. v. Jordan, 36 W.R. 589 ; Ex p. Porter, 5 B.&S. 
 299; Ex p. Lees and Judge of Carleton, 24 C.P. 214; Young 
 v. Saylor, 23 O.K. 513, and cases cited. 
 
 The committal should therefore be by warrant setting out 
 the facts constituting the contempt. 
 
 The committal must be for a dcHnite period : Ex p. Por- 
 ter, 3 B. & S. 299, and other cases above cited. 
 There is no power to award hard labour. 
 The exercise of the power of exclusion or punishment for 
 contempt should be done with great forbearance, and not 
 hastily or under feelings of exa.sperat.on, however natura . 
 b't with the sole view to the maintenance of prope o^^e 
 and decorum during the prosecution of the officers judicial 
 proceedings; Heywood v. Wait, 18 W.R. 205; Day v. Carr, 
 
 If the magistrate in the e^"™'? °' J"''. -'""iltHv'for 
 deHantly disolfeyed he may ^""i'*'. offender instantly for 
 contempt : Watt v. Ligcrtwood, LR. 2 H.L (b.O.) Jbl. 
 
POWERS or CORONERS. 
 
 179 
 
 Th« contempt may Iw shewn either by language or man- 
 ner, an.l even by hmguage which might not in itself be 
 oHensive if it is uttered oHensively : Carus Wilson's ca.se, 
 oi . D n ' P ^^^ "'"' ^"""'y Judge, Carleton, 24 C P 
 T,,.„ ' ''"''Se of the Division Court, Toronto, 23 
 
 A person indemnifying another against the consequences 
 of coutempt involves himself in the same : Plating Co v 
 tan|uharson, L.R. 17 Ch. 49. 
 
 A Coroner's Authority.-A coroners court is a Court of 
 Kecord and he may order a person guilty of contempt or inter- 
 ruption of the proceedings to be excluded by force after 
 retusal to depart: Garnet v. Ferrand, B. & C 611 ■ Garner 
 V. Coleman. 1!) C.P. 100: Agnew v. Stewart, 21 U.C.K. 396. 
 
 On a summary trial before a justice or magistrate, the 
 place is an open court, and all persons have the right of access 
 so tar as there is room : Code 794, 849, subject to removal 
 tor improper behaviour. 
 
 But on a, preliminary inquiry, the place is not an open 
 court : and the niagi.strate or justice may exclude all persons, 
 otlier tiian the parties and their coun.sel or solicitor if it 
 appears to him that the ends of justice will be best answered 
 by so doing: Code 586 (,?); and he may even exclude the 
 counsel or solicitor for gross contempt or impropriety by 
 which the hearing is obstructed : Colter v. Hicks 2 B 
 
 6 Aid. (iB.'i. 
 
 Ill such event it would be necessary to adjourn the ease 
 to attord the party an opportunity to obtain other counsel, to 
 wiucli he has the right under Code 850, 793, 580 ((0- 
 
 Juvenile Offenders—In trials of juvenile offenders under 
 II) years old, the Dominion statute, 1894, c. 58, s 1 provides 
 that such trials are to take place without publicity ; and by 
 Dominion statute, 1900, c. 46, s. 550 („), it is provided that 
 the magistrate or justice may order that the public be 
 excluded in any case, if it is in the interests of public morals. 
 
 Ordering: Witnesses out of Court.-A justice or magis- 
 trate may oriler all witnesses out of court, at the commence- 
 ment or at any time during the couise of the proceedings- 
 
 007 "Vf^u"'- ■^'"''' ^ ^'- ^ P- 632; R. V. Murphy, 8 0. & P. 
 -J7. I he attoniey for either party is not within the rule : 
 Pomeroy v. Baddeiey, Ry. & M. 430; but lie has no jurisdic- 
 
 I [I 
 
m 
 
 I m 
 
 I 
 
 It 
 
 180 POWERS OF JUSTICES AND MAGISTRATES. 
 
 tion to punish them for disobedience of the order, or to 
 forcibly exclude them ; nor to refuse to receive their evidence 
 if they do not go out when ordered, or if a witness should 
 afterwards come in to court after such order has been made ; 
 but that fact, and the fact that he may have heard the 
 evidence of another witness in the case, will be weighed by 
 the court in considering the credit to be given the testimony 
 of the witness who has thus disobeyed the order: Cobbett v. 
 Hudson, 1 E. & B. 11, at p. 14 ; -ee also K v. CoUey, M. & M. 
 329; R. V. Brown, 4 C.P. 588 v'O; Chandler v. Horn, 2 M. 
 & Rob. 423. 
 
 The following is a form of commitment :— 
 
 Warrant or Comhitment for Conteiipt. 
 
 Canadb, 1 
 
 ProTiDce of Ontario, > 
 
 *^°°To'.n or Ml, ot tho Con,t.ble. and other Pe^e Offl«er. in the Connt, 
 of , and to the Keeper ot the common gaol «t , in the said 
 
 County of . , 
 
 ,n .rS/oV'" .tl%.^., ^.tiSon'lhthe'fr me, E°^ , .he„; 
 and ve? a Pol°ce {or Stipend ary) Magiatrate in and for the of 
 
 and y" » ™7i,;<;.ij t.D. ,„ then charged before me, upon the 
 informatioSot one, A.B., that he, the .aid CD. («l out the charge) . 
 
 And whereae G.H.,malioiou!lyintendingand contriving to scandalize 
 and vuitym" the said E.F., as such Police (or .8tipei>d.'«7;) M«8'''"^ 
 aforesaid and to bring the administration ot J"'"" in ""is Province 
 
 SI SriJSt; It ^sii^.^Sng'ti^^i;;^iSof 
 
 the nresence and hearing of divers subjects of our lord, the King, did 
 
 SSo^"ss i;s:ri^^.rirzs i^'Z^^z 
 
 Jm'lnllratioT^iuiticeinth.Provin^e^ 
 
 SSS?iBHfi^ieK»°i^^otS^ 
 :HHt;t!^ti^^oKX'S^Hss 
 
 "hiving been^-d'niy Served with a summon, commanding him to be and 
 TZ Jo^^rrr/nswer JVi eo-em^'^n '.o\e de.it Hh 
 
POWERS or JUSTICES AND MAOISTBATtS 181 
 
 Constable, or Peace Om',„ l. .^JTi .""'' '"^"""i T"", Ike e.id 
 and him saWj. to"onVe7,7the rm„°„°„V.'„r«' '" '"" T f!''' OH- 
 afoFMaid, and there to deliver hlTSti-fS ., • '° "" """"ty 
 
 thi» precept; And I command von tj. .."/v""" ""f""' "'«"''" ""k 
 gaol, to receive the ,l°d T H !«„ '™' „','11h'?''^'L°' '?? '»''' '"'■°°«>-' 
 
 "™rc„t,rti;ri:i?'S' dr^'-^^^^^^^ 
 
 .^^ J, eooner ;.^TdS:;t.r''.rd"lf.1.i-!;:r,'L- ^„- S"c-!;»J 
 
 Given under my hand and Seal thia day of 
 
 *" ' " . in the County of . 
 
 , in the year 
 
 E.P. [Seal.] 
 Police Magistrate at 
 in the County of 
 
 m 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 JumsmcTiON i-v Consent or Waiver. 
 
 It is a coinnioii understanding, almost amounting to a 
 legal maxim, that in criminal cases, at least those of a more 
 serious character, (such as those formerly known a* felonies) 
 a prisoner can admit nothing. 
 
 " The object of a trial in a criminal case is the adminis- 
 tration of justice in a course as free from doubt or chance 
 of miscarriage as merely human understanding of it can be 
 —not the interests of either party " : Attorney-General v. 
 Bertrand, L.R. 1 PC. at p. 534 ; see also cases cited ni R. v. 
 St. Clair, 27 A.R. 308. But in cases formerly classified as 
 misdemeanors, admissions may be made : R. v. Foster, 7 C. & 
 P. -litS, Roscoe, 12th ed., 120. 
 
 It has, however, been provided by Code 690 that on the 
 iri<d for an indictable offence the accused or his counsel may 
 admit any facts, so as to dispense with proof; and this applies 
 to a trial of indictable offences before magistrates under sees. 
 782-791 of the Code : R. v. St. Clair, 27 A.B. 308. 
 
 In the case of Attorney-General v. Bertrand, mipm. it 
 was held that the consent of the accused to the mode of 
 taking the evidence on a second trial, by reading to the 
 witnesses the notes of their evidence taken on a former tiinl 
 instead of taking it again in the usual way, did not justify 
 such a course • which was one likeiy to cause a substantial 
 miscarriage of justice ; and that the trial so conducted was 
 invalid, notwithstanding such consent. 
 
 Nor is the absence of specific objection a waiver of objtc- 
 tion on the part of a person who, happening to be present. i» 
 unexpectedly, and without previous notice, called on to 
 answer a charge against himself; such a proceeding being 
 against natural justice and so an excess of jurisdiction : R. v. 
 Vrooman, 3 Man. R. 509. 
 
 And even independently of the Lord's Day Act, a justic 
 has no jurisdiction to take judicial proceedings on Sumlay. 
 even if both parties consent : Taylor v. Phillips, 3 East, 1 5j. 
 
JURISDICTION BY CONSENT OK WAIVER. 
 
 I. S3 
 
 Where there ij absolutely no jurisdiction over tlie suliject 
 matter, no consent or waiver can i;ive it: Jones v. Owen. 5 
 D. & L. fiUil; R. v. Tollej', 3 Kast, 4117 ; Buse v. Kopir. 41 
 LT. 4.57 ; Knowles v. Holdeii, 24 L..I. Ex. 223 ; Lee v. Cohen, 
 71 L.T. 824 ; Foster v. llnflerwooil, 3 Ex. f). 3 ; Far(|uhar8on 
 v. Morgan (1S!)4), 1 Q.B. 552; R. v. Essex (Jus.), (1H05) 1 
 Q.B. 38. 
 
 For instance a justice has no jurisdiction at all over a 
 defendant not found in his county, and who is charged with 
 an offence committed outside his county, even if the defendant 
 appears without objection, or even if he consents : Paley, 7th 
 ed. 109 ; Johnston v. Colam, LR. 10 Q.B. 544; R. v. Herbert 
 5 Q.R. 5 S.C. 424. 
 
 A consent to a trial before a person who has, by law, no 
 jurisdiction, will not give it, and the trial is invalid : .Smith 
 v. Brown, 2 M. & W. 851 ; Lawrence v. Wilccsk, 11 A. 4: E. 
 941. 
 
 If, however, there is jurisdiction over the subject matter, 
 defects or even contingencies affecting jurisdiction, may be 
 waivefl by taking a step in the matter without objection: 
 Taylor v. Best, IC C.B. 487; Forbids v. Smith, 10 E.x. 717; 
 Re Jones v. James, 19 L.J.Q.B. 257 : Stamforth v. Richmond, 
 13 W.R. 724: Moore v. Gamgee, 25 Q.B.D. 244: Lee v. 
 Cohen, 71 L.T. 824; Re Guy v. G.T.R., 10 P.R. 372; Re 
 Soules V. Little, 12 P.R. 533: and in order to prevent fruit- 
 less litigation and merely technical objections rr-garding mere 
 matters of procedure being raised after conviction, they must 
 be taken before the justice at the trial : Code 882. 
 
 So it defendant appears, he waives any defect in the 
 information and proceedings, and even the total absence of 
 any information or process — unless such was by the particular 
 statute relating to the offence nnde essential to the justice's 
 jurisdiction: R. v. Hughes, 4 t^.B.D. fil4; Dixon v. Wills, 
 25 Q.B.D. 249; Turner v. Postmaster-General, 41 L.J.M.C. 
 10 ; R. V. Clarke, 20 O.R. 642 ; Re Merchants Bank v. Van 
 Allen, 10 P.R. 348 ; Ex p. Sonier, (S.C.N.3.) 2 Can. Cr Cas 
 121. 
 
 The facts stated in R. v. Vrooman, 3 Man. R. 502 (cited 
 in 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 93) were held, I .wever, not to amount to 
 waiver of process. 
 
 The objection that two offences are included in one 
 information, is waived by not being taken before the justice : 
 
184 
 
 JURISDICTION »V CONSIST OK WAIVER. 
 
 R. V. Hazen, 20 A.R 633 ; Rodgers v, Richards (1892), 1 Q.B. 
 S55. 
 
 If an adjournment is made for more than eight days, 
 contrary to Code 586 and 857, it is waived if defendant con- 
 sented; or if he appears on the adjourned hearinir: R v 
 Hetfernan, 13 OR. p. 626. 
 
 The provision that the justice's adjudication .mat be 
 announced in open court in the presence of the parties may 
 be waived : Chase v. Sing. 6 B.C.R. 454 ; and if the trial is 
 conducted in an irregular, but not an improper manner, 
 without objection, the defendant waives it: Re Jones v 
 Julian, 28 O.R. 601. 
 
 The objection that the case is required to be tried by two 
 justices instead of one is waived by non-objection: R. v 
 Starkey, 7 Man. R. 489 ; Re Crow, 1 LJ.N.S. 302 ; Graham 
 v. McAnhur, 25 U.C.R. 478 ; or that the justice's jurisdiction 
 had been ousted : R. v. Salop (Jus.), 2 E. & E. 386 ; or that 
 the justice is disqualified by interest : Wakefield v. West R. 
 Ry. Co., LR. 1 Q.B. 84. Waiver must be an intentional act, 
 with knowledge : Damley v. L. C. & D. Ry., LR 2 H.L 43 ■ 
 Re Marsden, 26 Ch. D. 784. 
 
 For instance, the objection that the justice was disqualified 
 is not waived unless the party was aware of the disqualifica- 
 tion : Lancaster v. Heaton, 8 El. & B. 952 ; R. v. Cambridge 
 27 L.J.M.C. 166 ; R. v. Aberdare, 14 Q.B. 852. 
 
 A party who objects to the jurisdiction, does not waive it 
 by taking part in the proceedings subject to objection : Re 
 Brazill v. Johns, 24 O.R. 209 ; Blake v. Beech, 1 Ex. D. 320; 
 Emeris v. Woodward, 43 Ch. D. 185 ; Hamlyn v. Betterley 
 6 Q.B.D. 63; R. v. Nutt, (S.C.N.S.) 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 184; 8e3 
 Farquharson v. Morgan (1894), 1 Q.B. 552. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Pboceditbe Before the Jistice. 
 The niattem over win',.!, 
 outhoritj. are of two e it • "firM" °^ ■"*«-'«'« Lan 
 cl'arged with the duty of Sinf I nr - '" "''""'' '"> '« 
 » v|ew to the co»,„itL of Z a^ccuH f"" -'y '/'"^"'"y ^''^ 
 a higher court. accused for indictment l«foro 
 
 Second, tliose in wlnV), n, • .■ 
 suiinnarily convict th,- offender and" 'J'' '""gi'trate may 
 offence., are to be dealt w,",l, 1 ""^ punishment. All 
 ™hject.,of summary tria?^!^-"' ^ ''"'Rotable, or aa the 
 particular statute,?r du er^^-i^^^c "cl!^ "'"r"'^ "' ''' 
 "ffl^noes. "' '""^ l-"'- Code relating to such 
 
 I- Prelinnnary /„,„,,.^. ,„ ,„^^^^,^ 
 
 . Information—The '!«t c , v 
 
 ■» to prepare a written iXlX" On^'^" ^ *'"' J^'-'o^ 
 foi-ni C. at the end of the Cr P^ Code 558, according to 
 1S92, c. 29, '"* ^''- <-°d«; Dominion Statutes for 
 
 b>Mewffi"an'':&rS^ """ ?""»"» ^-><'- for 
 and which the law deSbTaT!^ »mmitted against the law 
 an information before a j^L^"",'"'^'"^,'"'^ °«fe»ce. may lay 
 
 P-niinary inquiry, asV^Xtrite^'^^^ 
 
 - /n%rtfo7SX°i:^ *- -.u- to be set 
 I'ereto. It is sufficient i tKLT 1"!^ " ""^ '^°™» 
 of the statute relating to it Cr cXa ^^^^ '" ""^ "ords 
 c- •16, s. 846 The i^f :■ "^ode Amendment Act Itinn 
 \ the comp,alI':n,t;reXrr ■" T"^ "-^'si^' 
 affirmed, if the compdr„h? . T™ '°- C'ode 558° or 
 conscientious »m,ple^s,T?o, aCrf Ih'"'" °° ^■"'* »" 
 2-* of the Can. Ev.'^Aci, 1893^ Se^^ct '^gf '«»'» "^^ in s. 
 
 and, by the same section, the aflirma. 
 
18G 
 
 IMlOCEniBE llEKOBE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 tion ia to have the Haniu toice ami iffect at. an oath. The 
 iuHtice will thon Hll in aii.l sitrii the .jurat at the foot of the 
 information, uaint; the word "Hworn" or "affirmed" accorJiiit; 
 to the fact. 
 
 Ah to the form of char|,'e for aiding the prineipal offender 
 ■itter the connnimion of an offence, it is to lie renuniljerid 
 ti ■vt such aiding does not make the aln'ttor liable to the 
 cha.''e of teing a prineiixit, as would lie the case if the 
 chargi was for aiding the principal l«'foi-f and iii the com- 
 mission of the offence: Co<le «1. In the case of the offence 
 of aiding' after such commission, he must be charged with 
 being an'accessory, under Code 63 : R. v. Graham, 2 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 388 ; see -jtoKt under the head of " Accessories. 
 
 Any numtjer of persons accused, who are jointly concerned 
 in committing an offence, whether as principal or os abettors 
 before or in its commission, or as accessories after the fact, 
 may be joined in one information: Code Gl ; Paley on Con- 
 victions, 6th ed., 78. But if thought advisable, separate 
 informations may be made out, and separate procei ..igs 
 taken against each offender : Paley, 78. 
 
 A justice has no autiiority to refuse to take an informa- 
 tion from a person offering to make oath or affirmation to 
 the commission of an indictable offence against the law, and 
 over which the justice has jurisdiction : see remarks m the 
 chapter on general jurisdiction, ante p. 167, and on " Manda- 
 mus," ante p. 62. 
 
 A justice cannot legally issue and will be liable in trespass 
 if he issues any process, or causes the arrest of any person, 
 without a sworn information being first duly laid before him 
 (except in cases in which he is authorized to convict "on view 
 or "on suspicion," as to which see infm and McGuincss v.Datoe. 
 27 O.R. 117, 23 A.R. 704; but by Code 577, when a person 
 accused of an indictable offence is liefore a justice, whether 
 voluntarily or on summons, or after being apprehended, with 
 or without warrant, or while in custody for the same or nny 
 other offence, the justice is required to proceed with a pre- 
 liminary inc|uiry into any offence with which such person is 
 then charged. So if a p-rson is before a magistrate on a 
 charge, which the latter may try with the consent of the 
 accused, but the accused does not consent, then tlie magis- 
 trate may proceed with the preliminary inquiry into tint 
 charge, or any other charge whatever, and the defendant iimy 
 be committed for any offence which the evidence discloses. 
 

 PRELIMINABV ENglJlRim. ,gj 
 
 Inr ™™f «, ^Sa-I'st the person (Code 209 to 274 and WH\ 
 tor which the offender may be arrested witKnnI ' 
 
 are the following : murder, attelnptrtflrf "ran,irrer' 
 
 •ane'^rT ™/'r'™>'«- P-^venting eseape from a wS 
 Itfl' "• »''f'Pt«<l --ap.', defiling children under 14 vt'ars 
 «b,luc on of a woman, robberyrassault with intent to r„K 
 
 =fi3,=s: .1 $<='= ^^,;sr^ ?* s 
 
188 
 
 pnoccouRt BEroBB THE jrifTict 
 
 liifn 
 
 chsrecd: McNflli. v.Oartehore, 2 C.P. 4U4; B. v. I)oylo. 12 
 OB 347 ; B. v. Walker, 13 OB. 88 ; B. v. Heffernan, 13 
 o!b. 018. 
 
 A nearch warrant tor stolen goodii may be irwued even if 
 the information does not exprerwly charKe a theft to have 
 been committed, if the fair intendment of the »i«tement» in 
 the infonnation is that there are re»»onable and probable 
 grounds for 8U«pectin({, and that the informant does «u«P«". 
 s theft to have been committed ; Jones v. German (1897), 1 
 Q.B. 374. And it is not necessary that the particular goods 
 should be set forth : same case. 
 
 In executing a search warrant the officer must take the 
 warrant with him : Codd v. Cabe, 1 Eich. D. 352 ; and must 
 make demand to open the door before breaking into a house. 
 He should explain that he is an officer and has a warrant to 
 search ; but he is not bound to give any prelimmaiy explana- 
 tion of the purpose of the search. A formal deniand of 
 admission by an officer is sufficient, before breaking m: B. v. 
 Sloan l,i A.B. 482. The warrant cannot be "backed, nor 
 can the goods be taken into another county; Hoover v. Craig 
 12 A K 72; but search warrants may be issued in several 
 counties where articles liable to be Bearche<l for are reason- 
 ably suspected to be. 
 
 As to the disposal to be made by the justice, of anything 
 seized and brought before him under a search warrant: see 
 Code .569, ss. 4-10. 
 
 Search warrants may be also issued upon an infomiUion 
 for mined minerals unlawfully deposited in any place : Code 
 571 ; or to search a house of ill fame for any woman or girl 
 who has, contrary to Code 185 (6), been enticed or inveigled 
 into such place : Code 574. In the latter case the information 
 must be sworn t», and must be laid by the parent, husband, 
 master or guardian, or if none, then by any person ; and the 
 warrant may > enforced by day or night, and after demand 
 entry may be made by force. The constable is to bring such 
 woman or girl and the person in whose custody she is, before 
 the justice, who will then proceed with a preliminary inquiry 
 into the charge. 
 
 Search warrants may also be issued to search gaming or 
 betting houses, or places where lotteries or the sale of lottery 
 tickets', (Code 205), is carried on ; Code 575, as amended by 
 the Act of 1894, c. 40, s. 1. A common gaming-house is 
 
PRELIMINARY EXm-IRIDI. 
 
 18» 
 
 deflned by Codo IflO, a. aii.end.d by tho IVmiinion Act IN9S 
 c. W; aiid a coininon l)cUin){ houiw In duHmxl by Valv II17' 
 wi amended by the name Htatutc : «.« aim CmIc 2i)l (;t) 
 
 dinorderiy piTwn., under Co.le 207 : mo Cxlo 576 .» to 
 vagrantn. '" 
 
 Search Without W»rr«nt.- A con»table or police otKcer 
 b« authority to «earch, without warrant, for public ZZ 
 which have been .tolen, if he i„ deputed to do «. by «„y 
 public department: Co.le 570; or for timber or lu,„l,r 
 f'^™K'> i"^'""] *iV'™' "■« knowledKe of the owner; 
 OodoS72al»o under Wreck and SalvaKe Act, R.S.C c HI 
 «. 41: under Fugitive OffenderH Act, R..S.C. c. U.l « ■la- 
 under the Act for the PreHervation of the Peace nca^ I'ublic 
 Works; forwe«poi«,-R..S,C,c. :51,a. 8; or for intoxicatinif 
 liquor,, same Act, » 10; under the Inland Water, Scame..^ 
 Act, for ™lor» unlawfully «,creted, R.S.C. c. 75, «,. 42 and 
 ?«« ino A l"^X "■'""'P*'-'"""' Act, RS.C. c. 10(1, «,. 
 lit' "*?i ""-l" "'" Ontario Liquor License Act, R. SO c 
 245, 8a 130 to 133; under the Anhnaln Contajiou Ks^^, 
 Act, R,S.C. c 69,,. 35; un.ler Code 514 respcining the 'm" 
 loadingof cattle, during a journey for food and rest: Co<le 515 
 .1. ^V^ ?' informations and warch warrants arc given in 
 
 ltd Fo^ ? f "" '^".""™' C<^«-F''"" J of information 
 e 46 warrant, as amended by the Act of 1900, 
 
 A justice has no authority to refuse to issue a search 
 warrant upon a proper information being laid, under Cooe 
 
 ...« ^^1 7«ving an infor„,ation for any indictable offence, 
 the next duty of a justice is "to hear and con,i,!er the 
 allegations of the complainant "; and if of opinion that a ca-e 
 
 wlrr^nt "^ '" ' """■ '"' """" '™"'' " ""'""O"" "'■ 
 
 The justice cannot arbitrarily and without reason refuse 
 to issue process. He must hear the complainant's statements 
 and adjudicate upon them, and a mandamus will li/to 
 compel hiin to do so if he declines : See ante p. 62. 
 
 In so adjudicating the justice should have reference to the 
 considerations deal* with in the preceding pages of this book 
 VIZ., amongst oth ;s, whether an offence a^inst the law has 
 been alleged, see p. 185, whether the matter is within W, 
 
100 
 
 I'RtK'tnullE HEKURI THl JUKTICI. 
 
 w.. 
 
 juriwiiction, MHi iip. 187, 17R, whether the time limited for the 
 proMicutiun to be conmieiice<l haM eli|>w<l, mm p. 147, •1*) 
 wlii'ther there ih «ny muho why lie »lioulil not Mt in the 
 particular CMo by rviuun of any interest he may hinuwif 
 have in the nubjeet matter, or the parties, «ee y. Ul, and the 
 other niattem which Imve licen referred to in Clmptei IX. 
 iiij'ni . iwe Code 15' I, 556, 5S7, S(iO and 5U1. 
 
 If the jUBti' ,■ decides to pruceeil with the ciwe, he lilUHt 
 iiwue a BUimnnim or warrant, to brin(( the accused Ixjforo him, 
 to answer the charKo : see Code 554, 559, .5«2 end 5«:). 
 
 Summont or Wwrrtnt— The questiou whether a sum- 
 nioim or a warrant to apprehend, the accuswl, should Is' 
 issued in the first instance, is a matter for the exercise of the 
 justice's discretion. He will of course bo guide<l upon that 
 'point, by the information and the facts alh'i.'ed, and the nature 
 of the offence, having in view that the object is to secure the 
 presenei' of the accused. For a triHing offence a warrant 
 shoulil not lie issued ; but if from the serious nature of it, '■■ 
 the siipiKised character of the accused, there is any reason to 
 suspect that the prosecution mi({ht be defeated by giving the 
 defendiint notice by serving him with a summons, a warrant 
 to appifhend ought to be issuetl : Paley, «th cil., «7. See 
 iii/,11 •■ .Suiiiinary Convictions." For a mere money penalty, 
 a summons and not a warrant should be issued in the first 
 instance, unless it oppcars that the accused will probably 
 abscond : Paley, 89. But upon a serious cli...„'e, ami gener- 
 ally for an indictable offence, especially of a heinous charac- 
 ter, a warrant must always be issued. 
 
 It a warrant is issued in the first instance, the proceedings 
 are provided by Code 563. The form is given at the end of 
 the Criminal Code— Form F. All blanks must be filled in 
 before it is i.ssued ; and it must be under the hand and seal 
 of the justice ; and may be directed to one or all of the 
 coiLstabies of the county : Code 663. 
 
 If a summons is issued, its form and contenta are provided 
 by Code 5B2— Form E at the end of the Criminal Code. The 
 place at which the ttccu.>«d is called upon to appear should be 
 a convenient place, reasonably near where he resides. But 
 the justice has jurisdiction over the whole county, and so 
 prohibition will not lie even if it is returnable at an incon- 
 venient distance : R. v. Chipman, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 81. 
 
PRELIMINARV KXIJIIKIEH. 
 
 1»1 
 
 «iv.l7":"S.^;T.r,:';y'r«or' " ^^'- 
 
 Aii.1 a wniinoiw iiM|uirin({ tli.^ il.f..ii,laiit tc, ,ii,i».«,. 
 l'«l.7. "Ith ...I., !)»■ a,„| »,, K. v;u„Kfur,l, 13 OH "o" 
 
 .>mJ^'::^'^;u" '"■ ""■'■'' '^ " '"""'"'''" "■• •"■"» 
 K. :. c]i:l;.:"i;E™«7'" ""'"' ""•' ••■" -' "•■'«-' ^ 
 
 oilKf?""** *" S'"n"OM.-TI„. «,..n„on» ,„„y 1,. s..,v.,l 
 
 Cocllooa'^.r"^'' °" ""•' """"''■ ''^ '''•"^■••"''K it t" I'i-'^'lf . 
 2()r it 1,0 ,,„„„„ e,>i,v,.„i..ntly I.. r„„„,|, it ,„,,,. , „ |„ft 
 /'" Inm at \m piwent place of alwi.-, with ,«,„„ i,„,,atc. 
 apimruiitly ovor 16 ytain olil. 
 
 n-Ti!,/' '"" '"""^'^'""•y «» pro-luce |K.»it,vc proof tlmt the 
 
 a \ cha;:ii:''',^r '"•■ ""•^■' """ "p-^^-''^- - ""»■"« ■ 
 
 •Some reasonable effort «houl.l b.. made to serve the 
 accu»«l pr,„„ally; a„,l where the „u„„„onH was I^^rved 
 
 an. et^o,t ha,l Ix-cn niade to serve the defendant personally 
 I'd *r BZn!'^ ^^to^' '"" "" ™"^'^''°" -^ - 
 
 a iritl^atf: tl!;ri;;r^n """' '"""' •■""'' -' ■"»'"■ *■'" 
 
 natJ^'oT';?'"'''' ''"""'' '?""" '" ""' P-^^"^" '"""d. »l'«t "-e 
 3« "p. 614 ™"""°"' '"• "'"' "■'■" " '" f"^ Ex p. Smith, 
 
 „n. nT'"'' °l* '"''" °' "'" summons is sufficient, and it is 
 
192 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE Jl'STICE. 
 
 Hii 
 
 A corporation may be indicted (R. v. Great Xorthern, 
 9 Q.B. 315), but cannot be the subject of a preliminary 
 inquiry before a justice for an indictable oH'ence under ss. 
 B35-639 of the Criminal Code. The proceedings against a 
 corporation for an indictable oft'ence must be by indictment, 
 by leave of the Attorney-General or the court: Re Chap- 
 man and London, 19 O.R. 33; R. v. The T. Eaton Co., 29 
 O.R. 591 ; R. v. Toronto Ry. Co., 30 OR. 214; R. v. City of 
 London, 21 C.L.T. 71. 
 
 Corporations as Defendants. — But a corporation may 
 be tried summarily and convicted before a justice for any 
 unlawful act done by its agents within the scope of their 
 authority ; and the summons in such case may be served on 
 the chief officer or secretary of the corporation : R. v. Toronto 
 Ry. Co., 8upni ; Commissioners v. Carlman, L.R. 1 Q.B. 663. 
 
 But a corporation cannot be charged with any crime the 
 essence of which is a inens reit (criminal intent, or neglect 
 amounting to wilfulness): R. v.G. W. Laundry Co., (Man. Q.B.), 
 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 514: see R. v. Union Colliery Co., (S.C.B.C.) 
 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 523; 21 C.L.T. 120. 
 
 As a corporation cannot be committed for trial, nor the 
 prosecutor bound over to prosecute, an indictment can only 
 be preferred against it on the conditions mentioned in Code 
 641. See further, post " Summary Convictions." 
 
 Procednre on Default.— If the accused, after due service 
 of the summons, does not attend ; or if the constable cannot 
 serve the summons in any of the tliree ways above indicated, 
 the constable may be sworn as a witness, and his evidence 
 is to Ix' taken down in writing and signed by the constable 
 and justice, shewing that the summons cannot be served, and 
 stating what efforts the constable has made and why he 
 cannot ettect service ; or an aiBdavit of the constable may be 
 drawn up and sworn to before a justice, or a commissioner 
 or notary public : Code 562 (3). 
 
 An affidavit that the constable served the defendont 
 (naming him) with the written summons by delivering a 
 copy of the same to and leaving the same with the wife f 
 the" defendant for him tho said (naming him) at their mo.it 
 usual place of abode, was held sufficient service and proof : 
 R. v. McAuley, 14 O.R. 643. 
 
 Upon proof of service of the summons, and the accused 
 not appearing, or if the affidavit or evidence of the constable 
 
PRELIM x.iltv EXl..i|lii£.s 
 
 193 
 
 shews that the summon.. w;,not W«.. t,.,l .1. • .■ • 
 -»»ue a warrant to arrest .'he ^'^^^^ j'^";"^^' '" "> 
 
 IS "fresh pursu t see d 197 'n,„ ,i; t c "' 
 
 .mmtioned is measure/'" as «,/! « - °' *"" "'"•'' 
 
 Mouflet V. Cole, LR 8 Ex 32 "17; "r"- uT T """"' '" 
 
 horiEontal plane, "see also Rv s «• ,?'&*" '"'" <"' "'" 
 p . «r J ^T "''""8° ». V. haftron Wtt dren 'I O R 7?- 
 
 Atkyns V. Kinnear, 4 Ex 776 •'•'"■■ .>.a. j/o , 
 
 ia«i.orl i.„ • ;■, (^""'V' '" "^lecutinir a warrant 
 ..ssued by a just.co who is acting as such unde' colour of 
 
1!)4 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 riirht although so acting erroneoualy, or without authority 
 iu the mrticulai- case : Code 19 ; see also ante p. 135. It a 
 constable, acting iu gooil faith and on reasonable and 
 probable grounds, arrests the wrong person, he is tree troin 
 criminal responsibility: Code 20; and anyone assisting the 
 officer, and who believes that the person he is assisting to 
 arrest, is the jierson against whom the warrant was issued ; 
 and every gaoler detaining such person is also protected: 
 Code 20 (2). And the same holds good iu the case of an 
 arrest made in good faith, if the officer believes the warrant 
 to be valid, although it bo invalid on its face: Code 21. 
 These provisions vary, to some extent, the common law rules 
 upon the subject. 
 
 A warrant can only Ik executed by the constable, or one 
 of a class of constables or peace officers, to whom it is 
 directed: Symonds v. Curtz, IB Cox, 72(i 
 
 A constable may execute a warrant on Sunday or any 
 other day: Code 5(i4 (S): and by night or day : 4 Russell 
 Oil Crimes, (ith ed., 110 ; and he may break open an outer or 
 inner door, (or l»th) of the place where the accused is 
 suspected to be. But before breaking in by force, he must 
 make a reasonable demand of admittance and explain who he 
 is and his business there. The breaking of an outer door 
 should only be resorted to in a case of necessity, when an 
 immediate arrest is reciuisitc : 1 Burns Justice, 276. 
 
 Mere words will not suffice to consummate an arrest ; the 
 constable must place his hand on the accused, or otherwise 
 restrain his liberty : 1 Burns' Justice, 275. 
 
 But this may be waived, and if the accused examines the 
 warrant and agrees to go with the constable, or if he so agrees 
 on liein" told bv the constable that he has a warrant tor his 
 arrest, it is complete without any physical restraint : Alderieh 
 V Humphrey, 2!) O.R. 427. A constable must have the 
 warrant with him, and produce it if required, on making the 
 arrest: Code 32 (1); K. v. Chapman, 12 Cox, C.C. 4; K. v. 
 Carey, 14 Cox, C.C. 314. 
 
 And he must also give notice, when practicable, of 
 the warrant and cause of arrest: Code 32 (2) For this 
 purpose the justice is t« funiish the constable with a 
 copy of the 'warrant, for service on the accused: Co<le 
 843 But this reiiuirement is only directory, being merely 
 a matter of procedure, and the omission of service ot a 
 
PKELIMINARV ENgi-lKIEN. jgj 
 
 -. neee«»., i„ .Meeting the a....; i'nr'^ 1 JZ :'^c?^^ 
 
 in th.^TOu"!.'"*^,,'. whTSl'';;:" "',' "'"■*•' ■*"'"" Ix-' found 
 
 Ca.iada, wl.en,. tl.i ae«„« i" II T .T"^^ "'' '"'''"<=t '" 
 warrant " backed " Tendo^.r^s'^lr'' '" ^' f"'' '"'^« ""^ 
 co„»table i8 to be ,worn b^ h ^-'"""^ ^"'^ ''fi^- The 
 n««al way, and hisTSne^ ^^I'bftlLr »,«•""-■,"' "- 
 was present and saw tl,e warrln st,^d h "J;""'!"*^ •""" '"^ 
 ..ssued it. Upon receiving ™"h eviZ ' . ^ "•" J™"'" »''° 
 county may uiake an endn,-.T. ^ ," J"""'"' '" another 
 
 Endoksejiest on Wahrant. 
 Canada. ) 
 
 Province of ' 
 
 County of | j 
 
 O.H., who br,«g, to me t|,i, warrant and ,11 „t'^ '"""'y '"thorize 
 "'''"»"' ™ originally. .rectsd, or by Shorn 1 ,i i""";""'" '" "''»'■■ 'l-i' 
 sal '?„" ' ''f"" ""'•"'•s of thiaaid o"unrv of ■ ' '""°"^ exefnted, 
 same within the said iaat mentioned count/ '" """"« th,; 
 
 ^ Given nnder my hand .hi, day of 
 
 01 in the county of 
 
 , in the year 19 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Justice of the Peace, 
 County of 
 
 »-ouniy of 
 
 back the warrant ifo^tl^^ir*/" "?" ""'"'^'•. •"■' "'Jst 
 '.andwriting of tL'^jntiL^ o*"™ ted "il '"^^ "'?* " "" 
 1 E...st, 117; Clark v. Woods 2 Ffx sgs '^ '■ «yna.ston, 
 
 conHbieXwr^hutti; ::' t *"■ -^t-' ">■ '-^ 
 
 the county where t.;;' «,'* ;!„'[: '^te^d TrTthr'!''"' "' 
 was so endorsed- Code 'ifi'i Ti. "'"""™«"'Or ot that where it 
 
 in Other counti s in anv'^n If^" "IT"? '""f *" --^P™""* 
 "upposed to be.- Cod^ ^t A, TrtsT Zd " "™^'? •'' 
 -nty than that in .hich it «tiS ^ tj^ * [ 
 
196 PROCEDURE BEKORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 i," backed" is unlawful, even If the «'«™'t ".*";''™^' 
 duly endors-d: Southwick v. Hare, 24 O.K. o28. Ihe 
 endorsement n.ust shew on its face tl.at the justice s signa- 
 ture was proved : Reid v. Maybee, 31 C.P. 34«. 
 
 Upon effecting an Krrest under a warrant, either in the 
 countrof the justice who issued it, "•• .'•■Isewhere it is he 
 dutv of the constable, as soon as practicable, to bring the 
 accused before the justice who iasued the warrant or some 
 othe. iustice of the same county: Code .oBS ; whether in the 
 province where the arrest took place, or anywhere else in 
 Canada: R. v. Gillespie, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. .5.ol. 
 
 But if the prosecutor or some 6f his witnesses are in the 
 cmintv where the arrest took place, an-i if the .justice who 
 backed the warrant directs that the accused be brought 
 before himself, or some other justice for the same ,:ounty, 
 and if the arrest and the offence both took place in the same 
 province, but not otherwise, the justice is authorized to make 
 such direction, and it will be the duty of the constable to 
 comply with if, and the justice who backed the warrant, or 
 any other justice for the same county, may then proceed with 
 the ease, as if the warrant had originally l>eeii issued by 
 himself ; Code 56(). 
 
 In any case in which a prisoner is brought before a justice 
 for an offence alleged to have been committed in another 
 county, such justice may, after hearing both parties, and at 
 any stage of the proceedings, either before or a ter helms 
 proceeded to hear the case, direct tliat the accused be taken 
 before a justice for the county where the offence was 
 committed: Code 557; and a warrant Form A to Jie l.r. 
 Code, will then be issued. Upon such warrant with th., 
 prisoner, and any depositions and papers b..ng taken be ore 
 the hxst mentioned justice, and upon proof of the handwriting 
 of the iustice who issued the wai-rant, the justice lietore wlioni 
 the accused is taken is to give the constable a receipt. Form 
 D. to the Cr. Code, and the latter justice •■: to proceed wit,, 
 the case : Code ,5.57 (2). 
 
 A iustic.. is not obliged under this section to send the 
 accused More the justice of the county where the offence 
 was committed. Under Code (iW, any Criminal Court m 
 (Janarla is competent to try (and so a justice may procc' 
 with a preliminary in.piiry upon) any offence cominite. 
 anywhere in the same province, if the accused i.s found oi 
 
PRELIMINARV EXyllKIES. 197 
 
 is apprehended, or iHi„cu8t<xiy within the territorial juris. 
 July lol™"'' """''■ ^- " '*'■"'■ P'^^ F-'eonbridge, C.j' "th 
 
 SB-)"* r/™"'"^ r^'r' """' ""' '« '»™''J i" blank: Code 
 S63, the naine of ti.e person arrested, or, if his „„„„ i„ 
 unkno«T,, a de.-«riptio„ by winch he n.ay b^ ide, tified m«'" 
 be inserted ,„ the warrant. As to the requisites of a wa^ant 
 see the provisions in Code .5(i;t. "arrant 
 
 Arrests Without a Warrant.-^An arrest may .«„„etiines 
 
 justice Of the |K;ace, In certain eases such arrests may U- 
 made by any private ndividual, while in others it cron y 
 be made by a constable or peace otKcer. ^ 
 
 1. Arresii- 
 
 I'll I'l-ivafe IniliruhtalH. 
 
 wlio'is'^fomffr'""T?-' '''"""" " "■"••■•'""■ '"•"■«»' ""Other 
 infhr,liff *!""'"'•"" ""^"f ""' offences emimorated 
 
 1 Vi '."• "°', "''<^'»"«">- that the person makin.r the arrest 
 mS. Ih^'y'"''^ 'r' "'" P*^^'"™ ""-'«' -ti ally cTn- 
 
 he^actSw nn • "'• '* "". "™."*"' ''"» **"" «<=™ committing 
 the act, by any person, and 19 imme.liately and continuously 
 
 anv n? ;h''"^' ""'"'*'■ °^ f*^™" may join in the pursuUand 
 any of them may capture and detain the offender. In such 
 
 ;f .sh pursuit" mS* iSLe p^j^ f::,n";^/sr:^ 
 
 om.n rZ'""";"' ""^P""^ °' -"^S'^'' commission of the 
 oHence, and continuously until the capture. 
 
 wen^'for •J.T"""'','''' ^"'^ T"*''^ '" Pc-'-o'-n'inK his dnty, 
 went fo, help, and returned in an hour and arrested tire 
 
 pursuit: «. V. Marsden, L.R. 1 C.c. 131 
 
 P.'.™it after a delay of tw,> hours is not fre. - mir.suit ■ 
 nowning V. Cape!, L R. 2 C.R 4(il : Uete v. Hart, S7 Z^V. 
 
 him'lenni'"''"r" "' "'«"-. an,l the partie., who saw 
 tl e culn t T v"^ <=ou>,tM.. who followed and arrested 
 t le culpi-.t a mde distan'. It was held a case of arrest on 
 flesh pursuit: Hanway v. Ko„|thee. 1 Mr»xl & Rob 15 
 
 'f 
 
 i ■ ii 
 
n. 
 
 198 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 A servant saw the deceased commit an otfence, and 
 immediately called his master, who came in a quarter c' an 
 hour and pursued and captured the ott'ender who had ffine 
 away ; held a case of arrest on fresh pursuit : R. v. Howarth, 
 1 Moo<l. C.C. 207. 
 
 (6) Code 552 (4) authorizes anyone to arrest, without a 
 warrant, a persor whom he believes to have committed any 
 offence, and to be escaping, and freshly pursued by those 
 whom he reasonably believes to have authority to arrest the 
 defendant. 
 
 (c) By Code 24 any person is justified (i.f., freed from 
 any civil or criminal liability, and therefore authorized, as 
 well as ju..ti«ed : R. v. Cloutier, 2 Can. Or. Cos. 43) in 
 arresting without a warrant anyone he tinds committing at 
 any time any offence for which the offender may be arrested 
 without a warrant, or for which he may be arrested when 
 •found committing" it. That is to say, a private person 
 may arrest anyone he finds committing any of the ottences 
 mentioned in the sub-s»>ctions of Code 552, as amended by 
 the Act of 1S95. And even if he did not himself find the 
 accused committing the offence, yet if any of the offences just 
 referred to has in fact been committed, anyone may arrest a 
 person whom he believes, on reasonable grounds, to have 
 been the perpetrator, whether such person turns out to be 
 the guilty one or not: Code 25. A private mdividual 
 cannot arrest on suspicion, or belief that an offence has l)een 
 committed, even if he has reasonable and probable grounds 
 for such suspicion or belief. He must shew that an otlimce 
 was actually committed by some person, and then he will be 
 justified, although the person arrested turns out not to be the 
 one who committed it: Ashley v. Dundas, 5 O.S. 7411 ; 
 McKenzie v. Gibson, 8 U.C.R. 100. 
 
 (rf) By Code 552 (s.-s. 3), amended by the Act of 1H95, 
 any person may arrest, without a warrant, any one tie findn 
 committing any criminal offence whatever by nwiht, (9 p.m. 
 to (i a.m.: Code 3 (,</)). The same provision is also made m 
 Code 28. 
 
 (e) By Code 23 everyone is justified in assisting a peace 
 officer in making any arrest which the latter may lawfully 
 make. 
 
 (/) And by Code 38 everyone who witnesses a breach ot 
 the peace may detain, for the purpose of handing over to « 
 
 lij "Will 
 
PRELIMINARY ENyfRIES. 
 
 199 
 
 peace officer, anyone coni.,iittinK or about to conniiit, join in 
 or renew the same. And the {wrson arrested i» to be taken 
 before a peace officer, who nee<I not Ix- tlie nearest juntice: 
 Forester v. Clark, 3 U.C.R. 1,51. 
 
 2. Armta hy Pmn Ufiirm Without „ Warmnt. 
 
 The term •■ [x^ac,. officer" is dehned bv C.xle 'A if) and 
 includes a justice or a constable. 
 
 % Code ,552 (2), amended by tlie Act of 18-).5, a peace 
 officer may arrest, witliout a warrant, in any of the cages 
 above mentioned, and lie may likewise arrest; 
 
 (11) Anyone who " has committed," or is " found eommit- 
 tiiiK any of the offences enumerated in the amended s.-ss. of 
 
 V^*" X J^"'\'^' '"' '"»>■ ■""»' '''">ei- on view of the 
 otlence by himself, or on beinfj immediatelv informed of the 
 culprit liaviiiK 'been found" committing inch ortence, if he 
 inimediately and continuously pursues aiul captures him, thus 
 taking liim on " fresh pursuit." 
 
 {!>) By Code 22 he is justified in arresting any person 
 whom he believes, on reasonable and probable grounds, to 
 have committed an offence for which the offender may law- 
 tvdly be arrested without a warrant ; that is, any of the 
 offences in Cmle 552 as amended. 
 
 He may arrest on reasonable suspicion, even if it turns 
 out that the person was innocent i and even if no offence has 
 been committeil at all by anyone. Under this section of the 
 Code a peace officer is justified in arresting " on view " or he 
 may arrest on reasonable suspicion, even if no ortence has 
 actually been committed. Sec. 22 was held to authorize a 
 constable to arrest, in Manitoba, a person who was alleged by 
 telegram from a credible source in Quebec, to have committed 
 one ot the offences mentioned in Code 552, and to detain him 
 for a reasonable time, although the offence was committed in 
 Quebec: Re Cloutier, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 43. 
 
 ('■) A peace officer may also arrest anyone he finds 
 committing any criminal offence at any time ■ Code 27 • 
 amended Code 552 (3) in the Act of 1K95. 
 
 The provision in Code 552 (2) is limited to the offences 
 mentioned m that section and its sub-sections while the 
 eases provided for by Code 552 (3) are any criminal ortences 
 whatever. In the former, a peace officer may arrest if the 
 liarty has actually committed one of the offences mentioned 
 
200 PROCEDUBF. BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 in Code 552, or it tlw-io i« nny roaHoiiable groun.l tor 
 believine lie has done »o; or it the offender lias been found 
 bv anyone in the act. and ix captured on fresh punnut ; while 
 in the casen under Uni (3), the officer i« authorized to make 
 the arrest it he himself «nd» the oHender committing any 
 offence. 
 
 (,/) Co<le 55-> (7) and 28 (2) authorize an arrest by a 
 peace officer of anyone Iciteiins; about durinK the iiiKht and 
 whom he has cause to su»i)ect of having committed, or being 
 about to commit, any indictable offence. The iwrson so 
 arrested mu.-t 1» taken liefore a justice tefore no<>n of the 
 "following day;" piotably meaning noon of the " following 
 daytime" after the preceding 'night" of the arrest (!) p.m. 
 to 6 a.m.: Coilc 3 (2)). 
 
 ((.) Code 3!) authorizes a peace officer to arrest anyone 
 whom he ffiids committing a breach of the peace at any time 
 by night or day. 
 
 The alxive sections of the Criminal Code relating to 
 arrests without a warrant are a codification and extension o 
 a part of the provisions of the common law, winch are not 
 abrogated, but are still ill force, except where changed or 
 replaced by these sections. 
 
 For a statement of the common law rules respecting the 
 authority to arrest without a justices warrant: see htil v. 
 Walls, 7 East, .53B ; King v. P«-, 15 L.T. 37; Roscoes Cr. 
 Ev p 28-2; 1 Burns' Justice, 28th ed., 270; see also the 
 judgment of Osier, J.A., McGuiness v. Dafoe, 23 A.R. 704. 
 
 A peace officer may arrest without a warrant a convict 
 who is out on license, under the circumstances mentioned m 
 s. 8 of Uoiii. Stat, 62-03 Vict. c. 49. 
 
 Effect of Arrest Without Warrant.— When a person has 
 been arrested without a warrant and brought before a justic.-, 
 no information is necessary: Cmle 577 ; the accused being 
 before a justice having iurisdiction over the subject ma ter, 
 the justice may procee.1 with any charge whatever which i» 
 then made against the prisoner, and all further proceedings 
 are valid, even if the arrest was unauthorized and invaim : 
 McUuiness v. Dafoe, 8"y"'" ; ^'^V "■■■ Commissioners of Cus- 
 toms, 4S .I.P. 343. 
 
 Duty of Constable After Arrest.— The constable having 
 
 made the arrest has the right to place the prisoner in any 
 lock-up, police cell or goal, until he can bring him betore ii 
 
PRELIMINAHr ENQI'IRIES. 
 
 201 
 
 .juiitice. A constabli- must briii^' the |)or8oii arr st«I Iwforo a 
 justice within a reasonable time: t'ode :,ti7. There is no 
 definite time proscril»..l, exc pt in tiie case of an arrest with- 
 out a warrant under ss. 2«,:)and .-.32(7); and except in 
 caw of an arrest l)y a private individual, wlien tlie prisoner 
 must J)e at once iianded over to a pi'ace oHicer ( justice or 
 constable) : see ( 'oile :18. 
 
 The Pawnbrokers' Act, K.S.C. <■, 174, as. ft-10, authorizes 
 a pawnbroker or his servants, to whom jrcxxls are offered to 
 be jiawneil, or to lie redeemed from pawn, under any of tlie 
 circumstances stated in these sections, to seize and rletain the 
 [lerson and the j,ixj.ls, and convey them into the custody of 
 a [iciiee oHicer or constable, who is to take such |)erson liefore 
 a Justice as .soon as {Hissible. 
 
 Coroner's Warrant.— In addition to other moiies of 
 brinjtillK a per.son ttecusi.d of an oHence liefore a justice by 
 summons or wari-unt above indicated, there is the ca.se I'lf a 
 person found upon a coroner's iiKpiiry to \k responsible for 
 the death of a human beinjr, and charp.able with the crime 
 of murder or manslaughter. In such case the coroner has 
 now no authority to commit such person tor trial but he is 
 by warrant under his hand, to cause the accascd person to U.- 
 arrested and taken before a ji lice for preliminary hearinif 
 or the coroner may take Imil for the ap:*arance of the 
 accused before a justice, for such hearinj; : Code 042. The 
 following is a form of such warrant : 
 
 Form op CoRosEa's Warrant. 
 
 Caiiaaa, \ 
 
 Province of , I 
 
 Comity of , j" 
 
 To wit. I 
 
 coimty"of°' °"''°' "" ''°"'"''''" °°'" »"'<■' Pe"« "fflters in ll>« snid 
 
 WhoreasA.B.of the of in tlie (.ountyot 
 
 [occuimlion) lias tills day, upon an inquisition taken before the under- 
 siljned, a Coroner in and (or the said countv of been ohapced 
 
 ml h the manslaugliter (»,■ murder) of CD! (,„■ „ m„„ „,. awoL^n ^a 
 male ,.,• female child u.ilinown) of the of („ the county 
 
 «lil, tl . ..■ I ■ J^"^ "l""'"" the said A.B. lias not already been chaiRed 
 Willi the said offence before a MsBistrate or .li.stice. These are therefore 
 to command you in He. Majesty's name forthwith to tolie the said A B 
 
 Ml°„i°.','. ? ■' "'!'' ??""•'■ '"'i'i'"' ''"' "''"' »" '•""venieDt speed before a 
 Mamstrate or .lustice m and for the said of to answer 
 
 nnto the said cliarge and to bo further dealt with according to law. 
 
 Uiven under my hand and seal this day of , A. II 19 
 
 at the of i'A .he county aforesaid. • ■ ■ i 
 
 [.Seal.) 
 G. H., 
 Coroner. County of 
 
202 
 
 PROC'EDl'HE BEFURE THE JUOTICE. 
 
 Tlie coroner i» to tranmnit the iluponitions which have 
 bec-n takoii bttore him, ami all papem in the case, to the 
 jiwtice, who will proceed an it the accuiied had been arronted 
 on the juNtice'N warrant ; Code 5tiH. 
 
 Force.— An officer lawfully executing any warrant or 
 proeeHK, or iiiakinK any arrest, and everyone lawfully awiiBt- 
 inK him. is justiKcd, or protected from criminal re»ponsi- 
 bility in usinjj such force an may Ixj necenaary to overcome 
 any force used in rematiiiK such execution or arrest, unless the 
 process or warrant can Iw executed or the arrest etTected hy 
 reasonable means in a less violent niaiuier : Code 31 . 
 
 Where his authority to arrest is resisted the officer may 
 repel force by force, and will b«' justitied-, even if death shoulil 
 be the conNei|Uence : yet he ■ . il' be responsible if he comes to 
 extremities without nccessit;, . 3 Russ., lith ed. 130; Arch., 
 22nd ed. 77S. And so an officer, or anyone assisting him. is 
 likewise justified, if the person takes to flijjht to avoid arrest, 
 in using such force as may be necessary to prevent an escape 
 by such flight, unless such escape can be prevented by 
 reasonable means in a less violent manner : Code 33. 
 
 Where a person guilty of a serious otfencc, such as would 
 formerly constitute a felony, flies from justice and is killed 
 by the officer in pursuit, the homicide is justifiable if the 
 offender could not be otherwise overtaken ; but not if the 
 offence was one which would have been formerly classified as 
 a misdemeanor: 3 Russ., 130 ; Arch., 779. 
 
 The provisions of Code 33 also apply to cases when the 
 arrest may lawfully be made without a warrant, oy a private 
 person, as to which, see ante : Provided that such force is 
 neither intended, nor likely, to cause death or grievous bodily 
 harm : Code 34 ; and Code 35 also extends the provisions of 
 Code 33, so as to include other persons than peace officers, 
 provideil that the necessary force which may be used is 
 neither intended, nor likely, to cause grievous bodily harm. 
 
 Everyone who has lawfully arrested a person for any 
 offence for which he may be arrested without a warrant, is 
 protected from criminal responsibility in using such force to 
 prevent his rescue or escape, as the person making the arrest 
 believes, upon rea.sonable grounds, to be necessary for that 
 purpose : Coile 30 ; and the same provisions are made appli- 
 cable, by Code 37, to cases of arrest under a warrant tor an 
 oflence other than that for which the offender may be arrested 
 
PWUMINARV ENylHRllB. {OS 
 
 Without a warrant : pr„vi,i...l the f„rei. u-kI to prev.nt tl... 
 
 :^z^:z'"''" '■'"™'^"' - ^■-^'^ 
 
 Kveryoi... inakiiiK »" iirr..»t. with „r without a warrant 
 arreM „K „„ )„ a warrant, nu.Ht hav,. it with hin, «n,l ,„-,.h.c,. 
 
 late tr r ?,"";'"■.■;:'",' ''<">'*.""'--"t«l, nor.lo^H it invali- 
 (late the arrest, hut will b... „ f«,.t„r in any ,|ue»tion which 
 
 a'rrvi:; r,'" *'"""T."r "•■■•'■"' ""«•" >-■' c: nat 
 
 a iciw violent manner: Coiht .'li. 
 
 Treatment of Priioner on Armt. r'.,„„ «• •• 
 am.t for „„ i„,,ietahle or'oti:': *rZ^c]:„ rth'. 'eo^^L"" 
 
 ami take fmn, |,„„ „„y weaponn an.) anythin.r which it 
 
 cliarKed But tlie prisoner« uioney or any other nrolH.rtv 
 
 not to K- unnece»anl.y taiieu away from him It mav h.. 
 very "np,,rta„t to hin, to have the mean^ of carry L of hU 
 defence: R, v. O'Donnell, 7 (' & P. |.-«; R, v. Kin Jy trfc • 
 447 ; K. V, Jones, 8 V. k P. .•143 : R. v. Bur.re«« 7 C & P MH '■ 
 
 Ba»8, 2 C. & K. 822. • "' — a.k. .118, J25 , R. v. 
 
 «rre8Lro".l''.'Tr" -T^r '^ » "'"""We to search a person 
 arreste.) on a trivial char«e: Be.»«l| v. Wilson, 17 J.P 52- 
 and t ere ,s no authority to search a witness arrested for' 
 non-attendance on a summons: (ioi-cjon v. Denison, JZ 
 
 It a constable improperly deprives a prisoner of his 
 property-, an application maybe made to the justice °or 
 
 rc«l™3er1rt °" '"'"™*^ "" ""' P""- ionce;„'X e 
 ^,„r h. 1 ^' " ""'*?™ •'•""■ " ""•■ P'-oP^rty is clearly 
 
 or o anr'f.""' °- "'"^"T- °f "'" "™«'° ^ investigated 
 or of any other crime, and is not such as it is unlawful for 
 the prisoner to have upon his pei.on on the pubic street, i 
 
 a"'^L:n'i?\'y^"«^:Tv.'kiLn^^^f— ^ 
 
204 
 
 PHOCEIHIIt HEriIHE THE jrHTICE. 
 
 Htndeuinng A niiHoncr nrrt'Htol for n trifliii); oHdiiob 
 
 ■hoiild not l».' Imiiilcutn-il, ••Hp.'ciiilly if lii' i» u known rowrtent 
 in till! coMiniiinity. And no (inc nlxnilil Ix- Imnitcutlwl, unlew 
 from the uaturi> of tlio olfi-nci'. «nil tlie nupiKjiwd flittriictiT of 
 Hi« priwniT, or for violi'nl ruHi«tiinc'i' to iirrcnt or atti'nipt to 
 <iM'a|it', or for Honii; other nulHcii'nt rfiiwiii, tlif coiiMtiilili' linn 
 ri'iiHonulili' uppri'liBniiion tliat llif prinoniT would otlicrwim' 
 (!ncu|>v, or tliat tlieri' in ilan^'i^r tliut lu> nii){lit do wi. Kxei'pt 
 on micli tflinindd, tliirf i« no juKtiHculion for liiinrUiliKn); ii 
 prisont'r. Tlu'ri' niiwt U' wjnit* rrnHon for tlmt drjjrt't' ol 
 vioU'nn' and nutraint : \Vri){lit v. I'onrt, 4 H. & ('. liDB ; 
 tlritKn V. C'olemun, 4 H. it S. iM ; Hamilton v. Maiwif, IH 
 O.K. 585; Addison on TortN, litiO; R. v. Tjiylor. 3!l .1.1". SfW. 
 
 Tin' accuni'l uliould !»• tiftttwl in ii nmnni'r conHwtfnt 
 with lliH p<wnilili' innoccni'i' : havin;; caritul ri'jjaitl, howrvi'r, 
 Ui what M ni'Pt'MHary for lii^- sjiff eustotly, and the ulueidation 
 of the charp' aKainst him. f'nni'CiHMnrily hu»tlin(( and 
 haliiiK any priwrn'r, ami csincially a ixxwihly innoo lit man, 
 alonjj the pulilie strfitw, as will as otlur unnecessarily harsh 
 treatnnnt, is a trespawt and an assault. The law h<^arinK 
 upon tlu^ HUhjeet of the treatment of a prisoner, is fully 
 discuMseil in the following outliorities : L<'ij;h v. Colo, ti Cox, 
 C.C. 3211; K. V. (jDonmll, 7 f. ii P. 13H; K. v. Kinsey, 7 
 V. & P. 447 ; tioi-don v. Dunison, 22 A.R. p. 326 ; Russell on 
 Crimes, vol. 3 (fith ed.) 320. 
 
 Except in the case of an anest elsewhere than in the 
 county in which the wamint was issued, anil of the accused 
 being taken Imtori' a .justici' wheiv such arrest is n.ade (Coile 
 5<i6), the constable mast take the prisoner Iwfore the justice 
 who issued the warrant, or some other justice of the same 
 county : I'cxle 5(>7. 
 
 Proceedings before Justices on the Arrest — ITpon a 
 
 [K'rson accused of an imlictalile ott'ence Wing brought before 
 a justice under arrest, whether with or without warrant, or 
 if he appears upon sunnnons, or even if he appeai-s voluntarily, 
 the justice is to proceed with the hearing in the manner 
 provided by t'«le 377, I'l lecj. 
 
 U the accused appears to !«■ not more than sixteen years 
 old, special provisions aie made for the manner in which the 
 case is to Ix' proceeded with, as descrital in the chapter on 
 "Juvenile Ott'enders," iiifn(. 
 
I'HEMSIINAKV EMJI'IHIEN. 
 
 205 
 
 Tl»' iiifonmitiiin l>'iii^> mcrfly to ^rui,!,. |„„| ^vi' nnthority 
 t<) tlie juHtict- ill iwtiiiiijf « niiiiiiiiuhx <ir warrant, ci'iiwh upon 
 till. HToiiwil l».iii({ linmnlit, iir U|i|n'iiriii),' Iwfor.. Iiiiii. to In. of 
 any iiiiportmwr. The iiironimtioii miil jiroivBM liavi> tlit'ii no 
 furtliiT Iwariiitf ii|)on tlii' law ; no tlmt any imKuliirity or 
 defect of nuliHtiince or form, in tlie iiiroriiial'ion, xiiiniiionii or 
 warrant, or any vaiianci' iK'twein the huiiiiiioim or warrant 
 and the cliar(p' laid in the infonimtioii, or the evichince 
 addiicwl, or .ven the eiitir.' «lw..iiee of any infoniiatinn or 
 procenH, or if tlie aiTllneil liun lieeii illegally Brr.'«tei| without 
 a warrant, will not alTeet ilie »nUi'i|uent procewliiiKx : Cixle 
 »78; R. V HuKlieH. 4 y.B.I). IIU: Ke Malthy, 7 (/H.l). 18; 
 MBc(iuiiieK» V. Dafo,., 2:t A.K. 7iU: mid tlie |ii»tiee may pm- 
 ceed, without aniendiiii; the information (if linv), to hear any 
 eliarj;e whatever, of an imlietahle otTeiice within tlie justicu'H 
 juriwlictioii, which may l». l.i-oii;-ht aifaiiwt the aecilwd, 
 whether it in the clmrj;e iiieiitioiie<l in the information or 
 any other cliar){i', and even u|h)Ii wholly ili;;:.rent factx • Vinin 
 S77; Rv.Bi-own (18(13), 1 g.B. Ill); (ir..y v, Coiiimi»,ionen. 
 of ( untoniN, 48 J.P, ;u;i. 
 
 The aecuNeil must lie infor I, however, of the iiatuii' of 
 
 the charife which in to \k- proceeileil with ; and if tluM differs 
 from that laid ajtaiimt him in the infoiiiiation and proco™, 
 alifl he hiiM liceii mis-led, or taken by surprise, or in any way- 
 prejudiced ; or if the charge as proVed is different from that 
 stated in tlic information or process, and the accused desires 
 further time, an adjourniiient must !«■ Kiante<l, the lu-cused 
 being remanded to jraol, or liail Is-iiij; taken, acconliii); to the 
 nature of the case: Code .-,7!l : Re Duisey Hopkins, .50 J.P. 
 2ti3 ; R. V. Vroonian, 3 Man. R. .iOll : R. v. Bowman, 2 Can Cr 
 Cas. p. 93. 
 
 Further particulars may also \k ordered to lie fiiinishe<i 
 at the request of the accused : R. v. France, 1 Can, Cr. Cas. 321. 
 
 But on an information for an indictable offence, the justice 
 cannot convict the acciiserl summarily of an offence within 
 the justices sumniary jurisdiction, even if the evidence proves 
 It. The new eliar<;e must lie formulated, and the accused 
 must U- distinctly informed of it and called up<iii to plead to 
 It, and the evidence must lie taken again, the regular pro- 
 ceedings lieiiig taken for a case of summary conviction : R v 
 -Mines, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 217 ; Re Doherty, 1 Can. Cr. Cos. 84; 
 -Miller V. r,ea. 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 282. 
 
iillit^' 
 
 II 
 
 206 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 Remands. — Upon a preliminary inquiry the justice may 
 adjourn the hearing, from time to time, as t)ie necessity of 
 the case requires : Code 585 (r) ; and the justice must either 
 issue a warrant remanding the accused to gaol : Form P. to 
 the Criminal Code ; or he uiay take bait in a bailable case : 
 Form Q. to the Criminal Code ; see Code 579, 58t) (o), 587. 
 
 Bail. — But in a case of murder or manslaughter, or any 
 of the offences mentioned in Code 603, bail cannot be taken. 
 For a trifling or minor offence the justice may allow the 
 accused to go at large on his own recognizance : Code 5(>7, 
 587 (a); (Form Q. to the Criminal Code); or he may verbally 
 remand him for not more than three clear days to the 
 custody of the constable, and in that event the constable may 
 place the accused in some fit and secure place (not in gaol) to 
 be selected by the constable : Code 586 (c). 
 
 If bail is taken, it should be sufficient, but must not be 
 excessive ; and the sureties may be examined on oath or 
 affirmation, in the usual manner, touching their property and 
 sufficiency ; and their evidence will be taken down in writing 
 by the justice and signed by the sureties and justice in the 
 usual manner of taking evidence. 
 
 Remands in Cases of Indictable Offences.— No i-emand 
 
 or adjournment in cases of indictable offences, can be made 
 for more than eight clear days, the day next after the 
 adjournment to be counted as the first day ; Code 586 (c). 
 The tenn "clear days," means that the time is to be reckoned 
 exclusive of both the first and the last days: Re Sams and 
 City of Toronto, 9 U.C.R. 181 ; R. v. Aberdare, 14 Q.B. 
 854. 
 
 Sunday is to be counted as one of tlie eight days : Re 
 Railway Sleepers Supply Co., 29 Ch. D. 204. 
 , A remand on the first day of the month for eight clear 
 days would mean tliat tlie prisoner is to be brought up again 
 on the tenth day of the month. But any number of adjourn- 
 ments may be made if the interests of justice so require: 
 Code 586 (v) : but there should be good ground shewn for 
 them : Connors v. Darling, 2.S U.C.R. 547. Applications for 
 remands by the crown officer in serious cases should generally 
 be granted. 
 
 But some evidence should be offered within a reasonable 
 time shewing facts justifying the prosecution : see further as 
 to remands at p. 235, post. The justice is not responsible for 
 
PRELIHINARV ENQUIRIES. 207 
 
 the prisoner's treatment by a constable on his remand : Craw- 
 ford V. Beattie, 39 U.C.R. 13. 
 
 The accused after being remanded until a stated day, may 
 be brought before the justice and the case may be piweedcd 
 with on an earlier day, if it is found expedient: and the 
 
 C^e 588""' ^'"^'""' """ '""""^ "" "'" J"'"''''^''' "'''^'''■• 
 FoR,M OF Order. 
 
 , keeper of the common gaol at 
 
 To 
 the County of 
 
 «tt%'o7iJe'&[Tori'n°tr' -"inyonreuatody 
 
 «™«1!»^ K . ***' **"' '** <^'*f"-ffe) upon which he was heretofore 
 
 remanded by me to your custody, to be dealt with according to law 
 
 Justice of the Peace in and for 
 the County of 
 
 • ''.""T n° *'}','"' °" "emond and Ball.-If the accused 
 .8 out on bail, and does not appear at the time and place fixed 
 for the hearing, a new warrant is to be issued : (Form F. to 
 the Cr. Code), which may be executed in the same manner as 
 the warrant issued in the first instance, as to whicli, see p 193 
 Proceedings to have the bail estreated may also be taken by anv 
 justice who was present at the time and place at which the 
 accused was bailed, and who was present at the time and place 
 fixed for the hearing. The justice is to endorse on the i-ecoe- 
 nizanee a certificate : Form R. to the Cr. Code, and the recof- 
 nizance is to be trausmitted, in Ontario, to the clerk of the 
 peace who will apply at the Genera! Sessions to estreat the 
 uaii : Lode 589, amended by the statute of 1900 c 46 The 
 amended Code 589, in the Act of 1900, however, pi^vides 
 that m British Columbia the recognizance is to be sent to the 
 clerk of the County Court, and in the other provinces to the 
 ofiicer to whom recognizances were accustomed to be .sent 
 before the passing of the Cr. Code Amendment Act, 1900, 
 
 The eHect of the amendment is to adopt the practice 
 under the summary conviction clauses : see Code 878 as 
 amended by statute of 1895. 
 
 The application to estreat the recognizance must be made 
 at the next sittings of the General Seasions, and mav be 
 enfoi-ced m the same way as fines imposed in that court ■ see 
 amended s. 589, the Act of 1900, c. 46. If not ctreated^t 
 
 ii 
 
208 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 i^illi 
 
 the next sittings o{ the General Sessions, tliere would appear 
 ta be no authority to do so at any subsequent sitting. 
 
 Procedure to Procure Attendance of Witnesses, etc. 
 
 Summons to Wltnesses.—The justice, upon the applica- 
 tion of either party, in a preliminary enquiry (Code 580), 
 may issue a summons for any material witness : Form K. to 
 the Code; see amended Form K. in the Statute of 1895, 
 c. 40. 
 
 The word "may" in this section implies a duty, and 
 means " must." if upon the facts stated it appears that the 
 witness is likely to give material evidence. It is a matter 
 for the exercise of judicial discretion, on good reasons, and 
 the summons cannot be refused arbitrarily. 
 
 But if the witness is clearly not material, or it is proposed 
 to summon an unnecessary number of witnesses upon any 
 point, the justice ought to use a proper discretion in consider- 
 ing whether any witness should unnecessarily be put to the 
 expense of attending, at his own cost, which he would be 
 bound to do, there being no power to allow witness fees : R. 
 V. James, 1 C. & P. 322. 
 
 The summons for a witness must be issued by the justice 
 before whom the information was laid ; another justice has 
 no authority to do so : Bryne v. Arnold, 24 N.B.R. 161. 
 
 It is not necessary that the materiality of the witness 
 should be made to appear on oath ; see amended fonn of 
 sunnnons in the Act of 1895, c. 40. 
 
 A summons for a witness nmst not be refused unless there 
 is a very clear case for doing so, on the ground that his 
 evidence would not be material or necessary. 
 
 The summons may contain a direction to the witness to 
 produce any documents in his possession ; or under his con- 
 trol or power even if not in his possession : Code 580 ; and 
 the following form of words may be inserted, " and that you, 
 " the said (mirtie of idtness), bring with you and produce 
 " at the said time and place all books, papers, writings and 
 "documents in your poMHcusion or power relating to the said 
 " matter, anc] particularly " {herf i>tn\tion any specifir hook 
 or pnper or other thing it in desireti to have produced). 
 
 Serving: Witnesses. — The summons must be served by a 
 constable or peace officer : Code 58 1 . 
 
PRELIMINAHY ENQUIRIES. 209 
 
 In the latter event, the constable should exolain th,. 
 nature of the summons: see R. v. Smith, L.R. 10 QTm 
 
 iLthel'Jir^l"'""^' ■ last ploee of abode" means the 
 
 1 LM & p;,4^ '"'" ""^^ '" ''«"• "">• ■■ Ex p. Rice Jones, 
 
 Some reasonable effort should be made to serve th. 
 
 w!tn::fo^r„''"t^' r' ^'"■'^ ""^ -™'t to":^s ": 
 
 witness for non-attendance is issued, it should be shewn that 
 
 atte^'TU'L"*'!?'' *""'»««'.-« the witness does not 
 attend, and no sufficient excuse is given, tlie justice m»v 
 
 tlTei-te'^^ortf' "^ " " "■"""'^ -d^akehislvir.;: asl^ 
 w^livin . f™"""™ °" ""■ «•""«»»; and the facts 
 « .11 be taken down in the same manner a.s any other evideree 
 
 waa «.rZ'^*^ T,'"'^™? ''■°""'<' ^'"'"- """ "'-^ ™n""ons 
 r„^.^l personally, or if not per.Honally, what efforts the 
 
 rtd ZfV° """l "- »•''"-. fat^ie could not «nd 
 h m and that an inmate (of at least sixteen years of a!?o> of 
 his house was serve,! thei-e, and also such other facTand 
 
 :~'or:h:t r, '" "'^^^ '^'" ""^ -itness Ltoid „' 
 
 Miowledgt hvidence of the constable, or some one else 
 eS;r'f 1 r'" ^'"''^^ ^•"'"''' ^ '"ken shew.n^Iat tere U 
 
 Form''s"tn''i'r''r™ '^''^.r'!' '« ""'!•'■• the usual heading: 
 constable and any other witness, and by the justice It 
 
 Sfo';ni;e'ti""-™"""°"^ "- "'-"' •^^'^ 
 
 211, J MC ^''.^J'"'"'»'"«l«»-«" to appear: Re Williams, 
 -1 i^J.M.t. +(.; Ex p. Hopwood, 1.5 Q.B. 121. 
 
 The jijstice may then issue his warrant : Form L .schedule 
 
 will h Z'""" ^°^''' '"^ "»■ »'■■•'■«' of the witnes who 
 II be accorduigly arrested and brought K.fore the jusUce 
 
 t^:::^t::^f^'^ '"' '"-« - -"'^^ "«> - -y 
 
 u-s. 
 
iir 
 
 210 
 
 PBOCEWRE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 )^ll('' 
 
 Tlie warrant may be executed by a constable, anywhere 
 in the county ; or if the witness is not in the county he may 
 execute it in any otl>er county in the Provmee ; but not out 
 of the Province: Code 582 (2), upon getting the warrant 
 " backed " in the same manner as a warrant for the arrest of 
 a person charged with erin.e may be endorsed under Code 
 5(i5, as to which see p. 195 : Code 282 (2). 
 
 Treatment of Witness when Arrested.-The conatahK 
 is to take the witness so arrested immtihiady before the 
 justice who issued tlie warrant, or some other justice for the 
 same territorial division who shall te then there, who may 
 order Ir.s 'etention by the constable before sucli justice, or 
 in the ccMOn gaol, or other place of confinement, or in the 
 custod ,1 the constable ; or the justice may order his 
 release' on his own recognizance, or with sureties, in order 
 to secure his presence as a witness at the time and p ace 
 fixed for the trial : Code 582 (3). The witness must not be 
 searched nor placed by the constable in the police cells. 
 
 The proper coui-se of proceeding in dealing with a 
 witness who does not attend on a summons, and the 
 principles and rules as to what justifies the issuing of a 
 warrant to arrest against such witness, and also as to the 
 treatment of the witness upon his arrest, are fully laid down 
 in the case of Gordon v. Denison, 22 A.R. 315, and the 
 iustice, as well as the constable, before acting m such a 
 matter should carefully examine and follow the rules laid 
 down in that decision. 
 
 The witness is not to be treated as a criminal, and the one 
 thin^ to be kept in view is to secure his attendance to give 
 evidence at the time and place appointed; and no harshness, 
 or «n««w*u-,i/ interference with the witnesss rights or 
 liberty should be allowed. 
 
 Proceedings Against Witness for Contempt.-Upon 
 the witness's arrest, the justice may also procee.1 summmily 
 to emiuire into the charge of contempt against the witness. 
 and, it he is found guilty, the justice may hne him not more 
 than «20.00, or impose imprisonment in gaol, iviflHwt hard 
 labour, not exceeding one month, or both fine and imprison- 
 ment ; and may also order the witness to pay the costs 
 inci.ient to the service and execution of the summons and 
 warrant, and of his detention in custody: Code 58^ (.1). 
 
 If the witness is to be proceeded against tor contempt, he 
 should L-e inforinetl of it, and evidence, both against him ami 
 
PRELIMINARY ENQUIRIES, 211 
 
 on his behalf, should be heard in his presence ; and ho should 
 
 be given the pnvdegu of counsel to examine witnesses and 
 
 address the court, and the proceedings up to and including 
 
 the adjudication and conviction, and the warrants and com 
 
 mitment, will be the same as those provided against a person 
 
 being tried on an offence under the summaiy convictions 
 
 clauses of the Code, section 842 et«eq,a^ to which see p. 204 H m/ 
 
 111 pi-oceediug against a witness for contempt for non- 
 
 attemlance on a s.i.n.nons, evidence must be taken shewing 
 
 whether such non-atteii.'nnce was wilful and i.itentional or 
 
 was unavoidable, or under ignorance or mistake, and the 
 
 witness Imnself, and his witnesses, on these points must be 
 
 heard. An appeal will lie from a conviction for contempt. 
 
 For forms see those to the Ci: Code, viz. : Foi-m H. of head- 
 
 ppp pVt;r-,'^°™' 1\P- of conviction for contempt : Forms 
 
 ll ^ ;•' , \ "^ ^■^■^- "^ »"'™>'t8 of coiniuitments 
 may be adapted with neces.sary changes. 
 
 Pi-octedings against a witness must be cautiously taken 
 and should only be resorted to in case of wilful disobedience' 
 or defaance, or in ca.se it appears probable from all the circum- 
 stances that the ends of justice will be defeated, unless the 
 liberty of the witness is restrained ; and the evidence must be 
 such as will satisfy the mind of the justice conclusively on 
 these pomts. I he above provisions for arresting a witness 
 do not apply to permit the arrest of a prosecutor in case of a 
 
 :'.""vllc*"3S u'cl'^s^" "'"' "■'"- '" ^'•-'-' -■"' ^ ^™'' 
 
 Wfr'nt Agralnst Witness in First Instance.-Provision 
 IS made by Code ,583 for issuing a warrant to a constable to 
 arrest a witne.s.s m the first instance and bring him to give 
 eVHience. This warrant may be i.,sued upon evidence bJing 
 taken in the usual way, ,n writing and on oath or affirmation 
 sMffilT' T. ■"Of!' /■"■"'■r^' "hewing facts and circumstances 
 sufficient to satisfy the justice that the wit„e.,s to be arrested 
 is likely to give material evidence and will not attend it 
 sm.mioned, or without being compelled by a warrant to do so 
 lliis e.vtreine course should not be resorted to. unless from 
 the f,,cts and eircum.stanc.s, it clearly appears to Ik., necessary 
 
 The character of the witness and his connection, if any 
 with the parties accused, the nature of the oftence, and all 
 the circumstances are to be carefully considered: and the 
 authority given to arrest a person who is a mere witness and 
 
 
212 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 not charged with crime, or strongly suupected of connection 
 with it, is to be used with caution. But where it appears that 
 owing to a witness being tnixed up in the atTair, or not having 
 any permanent residence, or from the character of the witness, 
 or other sufiieient reason, the ends of justice would be other- 
 wise defeated, and particularly where some serious crime has 
 been committed, whatever means are necessary to prevent the 
 loss of important testimony, must be taken. 
 
 A witness may only be arrested under Code 583, just 
 referred to, when he is within the pnwince. The form of 
 warrant is given in Schedule 1 to the Cr. Code, Form M,, 
 and the warrant must be "backed" insthe usual way: (see 
 p. 195) if it is to be executed out of the justice's county. 
 The warrant to arrest a witness in the firet instance may l)e 
 issued at the request either of the prosecution or of the 
 accused : Code 583. 
 
 In furtherance of the object to secure the attendance of a 
 witness at the hearing, provision is further made by Cfxle 
 598 (6) for the arrest of a witness who had been bound on 
 recognizance to appear before a justice, or any criminal 
 court, to give evidence, and who is about to abscond, or who 
 has absconded. 
 
 In such a ca.se any justice may take an information, in 
 writing and on oath, and evidence should be taken to shew 
 that the ends of justice will pi-obably be defeated if the 
 witness is not arrested. 
 
 In the case of a witness resident in Canada, but who is 
 not in the province, a justice's summons will be of no ettect ; 
 and a subptfna from a Superior Court, or a County Court, 
 must be issuefi. The Hubp*pna will be issued upon an oi-der 
 of a judge of sucli court, on the application of either party 
 (prosecution or accuse<l) or the Attorney-General. The 
 application nnist ha supported by an affidavit, shewing that 
 the witness is likely to give material evidence, anti is a 
 resident in Canada, but out of tlie province ; and the .sub- 
 p(ena may require the witness to produce documents : Code 
 584. 
 
 The following forms of affidavit and order may be used :— 
 
PHELIMINARl- ENQUIRIES. 
 
 213 
 
 Ar,iDAV,T ro, Sd,«»* to W,™.«, Olt or the P,ovm«. 
 (Code 584). 
 lu the High Court o( Justice, or 
 In tbe County Court ot the County of 
 
 I, A.B., of, etc., make ostb and lay: 
 
 1. I am the above named infonnant, A.B. 
 
 2. Tbat on the dav of ' 4 n tn . ^ 
 information before tbe above named I,..ti„. „; fi. i, ' ' """'^ '•'"• •° 
 which information i. now .b°..°:rm''e';'rri.°^txb';'b?t"^'.A' ^'"' °°'' °' 
 
 fork .p"Uben"i'o''n o;','L°e%°a!d'c''j'"°S 't'"^" """* ■"' '"™"' 
 in cuitody (or onball o, „^ ItJi: ' t°^ *"' '*'° •"••'•d and la . ow 
 
 Juatice. "^ ° ""' "''*'»' '• "»" ponding before the Mid 
 
 or con{rTclrtrl"„°m?„u'rrt!'ni foTo'l'^^- 1"" '° "'' >«"»"""" 
 
 =iStS'^bS£r"-^--^-^s^:. 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 Order for Subpoina to Witness ol-t op thb PRoviNfE. 
 (Code 584). 
 In tbe High Court of Jugtioe. 
 
 The Honourable ) 
 
 Mr. Justice i 
 
 Id Chambers, j 
 
 1 . '''y 
 
 ^ day of 
 i. J A.D. 19 
 
 day the 
 
 In tbe County Court, etc. 
 His Honour 
 
 Judge of the said Court 
 J In Chambers, j j 
 
 In the matter of, etc. (a, in above „ilMavU). 
 
 .pp«Tng*5b,:i':!^'°H".,°'re^i;^ni'.'i'.,i:'°™'"' ^T "°"'^' '.-"J' 
 i^ilwy "tolrv**"' ?'?',"■■' ^^"''■"'■'"i not berng in this P^l"Z' 
 
214 
 
 PROCEnrHE BEKORE THE JUNTICE. 
 
 I 
 
 ft 
 
 li«Te 111 hli MHnMlon or control certain docum.nU rolrtliiK to the mW 
 c'lw, .odp.rtloul.rly (.CI. ir»al ,l»..i.c»(. " " <i«"ml lo )^" 
 
 """"u"^ ordered th«t • Writ ot Hul.pojn., I» U.ued under the Se.l o( 
 thl. court «^lr", the ..Id O.H ;. •PP«" '"'°'"'" ''.he d.y 
 
 In the of , In the County ot , on the o.y 
 
 „. A II. 19 , to BiTe evidence renpoctlng the mid oh.rge, 
 
 .nd to brlM w th him, .nd produce ot the i.id time »nd plMc, .ny 
 document l5 W. po.-.'.lon, o? under hi. «<>°',',»'. ';'?"»«' ' 
 
 pMticul.rly the document, hereinbefore .peol.lly mentioned. 
 
 Th.- subwrna inu«t be served on the witness personally, 
 anil an affidavit, sworn before any justice of the peace, i.i 
 sufficient proof of service; Code 584 (2). 
 
 The following form of affidavit of service may he used;— 
 
 AFFlOiVlT or BEBVICE OF SCBIMIIA OCT OF THE PSOVISCE. 
 
 (Code 684). 
 In the High Court of Ju.tlce (or at the erne man !«)■ 
 In the m.tterof, etc. . „ . , 
 
 , of the of , in the County of 
 
 (o«i«lM(i<i»), m.ke o.th .nd s.y, a. follow.: 
 
 L -"- . aid, on th,^_^^ ^^^ , day^o,^ ^^^.„ .■nSei^dl-maVE-'i^, 
 
 That at the time of effecting .ucb .ervloe a. a ore..ld, I P'»duced 
 /■ ki-tj lAhB .iid the Mid original .ubpoen. her«o 
 
 "neti .n'd°th''.t "e'-aid ■« -erved by me 1. th. pemou 
 
 named In the i.id original .nbpiBna. 
 
 3. That in order to effect .och .ervlce I neccMarily travelled 
 
 mile.. 
 
 4. (Ifirilnaa'tfea arc paitt aM a claute (0 Ihal tffKl.) 
 Hfforn before me at the 
 
 of 
 In the County of 
 thi. day of 
 
 A.D. 19 . 
 
 CD. 
 A Justice of the Peace In and lOr 
 the County of 
 
 It the witness does not attend ou the subpi.-na, and no 
 just excuse is offered for his non-attetidance the justice upon 
 proof on oath ot the service, (that .s, on the hUng of t ,; 
 above affidavit, which by Code 584 (2) •« 'ieclared to be 
 st:fficient proof) may issue a warrat.t signed by the justice 
 holding the enquirv, for the arrest of the witness anywhere 
 in Canada, and to bring him before such justice, or a..y oU.er 
 justice, at a time and place to be mentioned tn «« «»™ f; 
 to give evidence; Code 584 (3); see warrant. Form N. to the 
 Criminal Code. 
 
PREUHINAKY ENIJLIKIEN. 
 
 »5 
 
 The warrant ia not to be directed to a constable of tlie 
 justice's county, but to any or all constables or peace 
 office™ in the county or place where the witness is : Code 
 584(3); and it may be executed there without being "baclte<l;" 
 but the warrant may he • backed " in the manner directed 
 by Code «65 (see p. 105) in any other county and be executed 
 there : Code 584 (4.) 
 
 There is no provision made for the payment of the wit- 
 ness's travelling expenses under s. 5H4, nor under ss. 581 and 
 582 of the Code : and a witness is bound to attend in 
 cnininal cases without being paid his expenses ; R. v James 
 1 C. & P. 322. 
 
 But »8 a warrant is not to be issued, in either case, if a 
 "just excuse" is oft'ered ; it appears that the absence of 
 payment of necessary expenses, especially if the witness has 
 to come a considerable distance, and if he is unable to pay his 
 own expenses, would constitute a "just excuse " and a war- 
 rant would be refused. 
 
 The power under this s. 584 is to bring a witness even 
 from one end of the Dominion to the other. 
 
 In consequence of the difficulty in enforcing in one 
 province, proceedings for contempt against a witness in 
 another province, a sub-section has been added to Code 679 
 by the Act of 1900, as follows: 
 
 The courts of the various provinces, and the judges of the 
 said courts respectively, shall bo auxiliary to one another for 
 the purposes of the Criminal Code ; and any judgment, decree 
 or order made by the murt issuing such subp<ena, upon any 
 proceeding against any witness for contempt, or otherwise, 
 niay be enforced or acted upon by any court in the province 
 in which such witness resides, in the same manner and as 
 validly and effectually as if such judgment, order or decree 
 had been made by the lost mentioned court. 
 
 Commission to Examine Witnesses Out of Canada.— 
 
 The evidence of a witness, on either side, who is out of 
 Canada may be taken under connnission, to be issued under 
 order of the judge of the High Court, or County Court • 
 Code 683. 
 
816 
 
 PROCIDfRI RCrOlE IHI JIWTICE. 
 
 ArriDATIT ion COMMIMlOll TO TilH EVIMKCI OlT or Ca»AD». 
 
 (CoDi 6as.) 
 
 lUtaUng ail Unit «/ "•«« •• l» —" imf^'l /«"•■ > 
 
 1. A.B., Ite., mill* oXh >Dd uji 
 
 I I Bm th« kbora nftmcd Informktit in this matter. 
 
 2. On ...taut th. d.rot ,„„•*;"■'?„• Vi;l^^"l 
 
 .n lnform.tlon >it>ln.t th. .bor. n.n.«l CD., tafor. K.K., f"J»'«. • 
 jualloe o( the pew. In and tor the county of . 'or in IndletebU 
 
 offence, nimely, thnt («' tmt Ihe ekarge) . 
 
 3. The proieootlon of the uld C.l>. for the leld offence !• now pond- 
 ing before the eaid juetlce of the ponce. 
 
 4. Th.t U.Il., n pereou who reilde. .t , ,°°' "'''"•"f', •™ 
 i, not now In C.nKi., ie, .■ I em Informed .nd rerlly ">elieTe, .bh. to 
 Klre m.teri.l inform.tlon relttlng to the enid offence, .uch Informn- 
 tlon beinit thnt (.lo(« In a gnml »o» l»« aiiltnct Ihe wilntu irill ttt: 
 w lu to rnfla/y (»« cmrl Ikal i( i» maltrlal. 
 
 5 Thnt .I.K., of {riaMenct n»ij o<T«;>ilH<>»), if, •• I "m informed nnd 
 belloTO, > flt nnd proper penwn to be appointed • oommlMloner to tnke 
 the eridence of the »id O.H. 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 If it is desired that the evidence should be Uken in sliort- 
 hand by a stenographer, as may be done (Code 590, s.-9. 7), 
 add a clause stating the facts, shewing the expediency ot so 
 doing, and naming a lit person to act as sucli. 
 
 Notice or Moriox roR Comiiimion to Take Evidisoe Oit or Cakada. 
 (CoaE683.) 
 
 In the High Court of Justice. 
 or 
 
 In the County Court of the County of Huron. 
 
 {Stylt of ax*»t an in ;irec«f*»ff formn) . 
 
 Tnke notice that an application on bobnlf of the above named A.B. 
 (or C.I)., a, <». «... »«» kc) will be made to the Honourable the preeid- 
 Ing Judgi In Chamber., of the High Court of Jo.tic. at Cgoode Hall, 
 Toronto* (or to Hi. Honour the Judge of the County Court of the County 
 „» in Chamber, at the Court House, in the county ot 
 
 „„ ' ,the day of , A.D. 19 , at ten o'clock 
 
 In the forenoon, or .o soon thereafter a. the application can bo made. 
 foranoVdcrTppointing. commlwi' er to "k? "•« .f""'"" "™ ''j;' 
 uDon OBtli or affirmation, of O.K., 'ItnM. who re.ide. out of Canada, 
 Si. able to give material inforni.iion relating to the charge ot and 
 indictable offence, tor which a proaecution Know pending upon the 
 ntormation of the aboT. named A.B., againrt tie .bore "•"•<' .t;-"-; 
 for that (-r=l. (/.. c»ara.). And take notice that the name and addre.. 
 of the commU.ioner proposed to be .o appointed la !■■"■• "''J',.,,,. . 
 . , in the State of , one of the Inlted State, of 
 
 America (or o, the case may he. adding the person', ""'"l^';"")- A"^ 
 further take notice that upon .uch application will be read the affidavit 
 of the said , this day filed, and the eihibits therein referred to. 
 
 Datod at the day of A.D. 18 . 
 
 The above named (CD. or A.B.), and to [ Solicitor for the 
 
 his Solicitor. ) said (A.B. or CD.) 
 
PREUmXARr INQVIRItH. 
 
 >1T 
 
 0>o» AfFOiKTiso ConHiMloxia TO Ta«. EviDKKn OlT or C»WD* 
 (Coor am). 
 IBKuMnt ami ilfit o/nuur m in in-rmlli^ formi ) 
 
 t:.r ,7srr.L' „°?r."ir5.5;..':i- "• -"id? :m 
 
 kr ihl,h".l,. ..M *""' fT'°°,' »""l"°' 'l"" ■"•II oroth.r fonnjmtn, 
 
 M"b'. iS'.b.".''.,°aT.T,",-i,?,^M?JS;,.'r,j;.''"'' ■-" •» '""° '^ ^« 
 
 Ant'^.Ts""^'"'''"!'*'"'*^'.? "" *^""'""'' ^"^^ Amendment 
 Act 1895, exprc«ly provide, that the practice and procedure 
 on the app<..ntnient of a coinnii«.ioner to take evidence out 
 of Canada i» to be an nearly a>. practicable, the «iH,e an in 
 like niatten. in civil causes. Ah to wch practice and pro- 
 cedure m Ontario, we Con. R. 499-51.5; Holniested v. Lan^- 
 
 If the evidence iH to be taken in shorthand by a stenoir- 
 rapher insert a clause in the or-ier and commission so 
 providiiiK; and provide for his being sworn: see Con. R. 
 oua-511. 
 
 The provisions of Code 683. as to taking evidence of 
 witnesses out of Canada, applies to preliminary proceedin.-s 
 before justices: R. v. Verrall, 10 P.R. 444; 17 RR. fll. 
 
 The form of comniission is furnished by the officer who 
 issues It, and the form of commissioner's oath, oath of witness 
 and return to the commission are eiidor8e<l on it, with direc- 
 tions as to the execution of the commission which must 
 be stnctly followed. 
 
 IVlV"'*""™" ■' "''*" *•>■ * "''"og'-apl'T the latter 
 aZ 590 (7)'*"™ ^ ^"^ f«ithfu..y report the evidence: 
 
 For form of stenographer's oath see in/ni. 
 
 T«kingr the Evidence of a Witness who Is In Prison - 
 
 » ^'t"^*! ■« "> any pri.son (.see Code ,3 („),) in Canada the 
 ustice holding a preliminary en,,uiry has no authority to 
 bnng such witness before him to give -vidence. Code 680 
 as amended by the Cr. Code Amendment Act, 1900 c 4fi' 
 appears to apply only to a witness at the trial before 'a court 
 
'm 
 
 2,S KR,K EDlKi: BEtoM TH« Jl«l« 
 
 „, cn..m«. i«H.«ctiu„ .,. inaict.,«..a .n.. no, to ,-r.K,e«.in«. 
 
 Wfore ja»tice». i,^„„l,t t,.tore tin- ju«tico un<l»r 
 
 Such witn..«c.„ only be brouglat., ^J^^ 
 
 order of the Sapenor ^"»^J,'^\'s ,,,,.„, 10 CUT. iO; 
 
 w.,o i- .l.«rr<"»'y '" •"tj,'.S.i»ion to,.ke it, but . 
 a justice- !.«« no power '"'»"' » '^''" „„ t,„ application of 
 Superior or ^^^x^y ^""'^.r^uHMe a eommi»ion to 
 citrer the pr?--""" "' ' "„ ^^t „.,„„ uken i-, in c«e 
 Ukc «uch I'V''"'^.''" ..^fy Zn connnittcKl for tri.l to h, 
 the «ccu«e,l h»- not '""^ror the .propr officer h»vn.K 
 
 rr^^{\w«tit.'p..^^^^^ 
 
 ICoD«l)lll,«»2)- 
 I. n .!«.) r I), before 
 
 o( 
 
 I, A.B.,ot the »' 
 
 ' ,.I.mth.l»to™.»tA.B..bov.-»...«l. ^^ .,j.„,„,„„.u„„ 
 
 ^tn.t Ih. •''""•°':?"'*;-r.™noi pending b"!"" "" •"''' i""'""- . 
 "^i ,1,. pn«e.<ilnK. U..""" •■■• "°- P«° f ,„, ,„„„„ „, ,. 
 
 "• r Ti:"ihi-..id O.K.. .-f '"f/:!,rr:tor:b«,.'.o m. -..rwej 
 
 » aaly llcenwJ "«>'="' rrV,?,fJ' which .m«Wbi. to ne b, th. ..kI 
 rJt irn-tHeio, h. P^cn^a^ ,^, , , . ., .„. 
 
 TTb, ..M C.«. ^Y-/,°„"f-V,rwS then».ic..ow.hewbto n.e 
 
 Bwoni, etc., 
 
rRELININARV ENtJiriRIEH. 
 
 t\» 
 
 Tliv upinioii uf ihu iiifdical prttctitioiitT nIhhiKI. if precti- 
 CHhk', lie )(iven iu an atHdavil by him. 
 
 Hw Coi\e iiHl aa to what in twcemary to U- Hht'Wii uit the 
 upplication, 
 
 Urdkn Ai'pointimu a (!i>hmimiionrb tu Kxamimic a Witkkm 
 ^hANiir.HiiraLV luu. 
 (Code 081, W2). 
 Ill tb< High ('ourt o( Juitiet. 
 
 Th* HonourmbU ) 
 
 Mr. Juitlec [ 
 
 lu Cbatubcra. ) 
 Or tn the County I'ourt, «te. 
 IIU IIoDour 
 
 Ju()|f« of th« Mid Court 
 
 Id ('hambari.. 
 
 TueidAjr, tb< 
 
 dr 
 
 fof 
 ). II 
 
 19 
 
 In 
 
 I the matter of, etc. {om in the abore affiitatit). 
 Upon the npplieBtlon of the ■bore-named A.B., upon reidiDft the 
 >ffldfevit« of , and Bled, ami it appuariD^ to my latlifac- 
 
 tlon that one ti.H., h peraon who in dniiK^rouily II and who, in the 
 opinion of a duly lioenaed medioal prartitioner, in not likely to recover 
 from auoh )lln*»s, ia able and wiUinK to givia material evideiioe relalinR 
 to the indictable oflenee above'raentlonvd. 
 
 1. It ia ordered that L.M., of , n Juatleeof the Feaee In and 
 for the oounty of , (or, nn the ra»e m:ti be), be and he la hereby 
 appointed a Commlaiiloiipr to take in writiiift the atatement on oath or 
 nlBrmatlon of tbe aatd O.Il., purauant to ittotlon 6H) of the Criminal 
 Code of Canada, the examination of the aald witneaa to be vira von. 
 
 2. And \\, .. 'r*^er ordered and directed that the keeper of the 
 aommoQ gaol for the oounty of , In wboae custody the above- 
 named CD. now la, do oonvey the ttaid <M) to the Town Hall, In the 
 Town of , on the day M , A.D. IU , at o'clock 
 In the noon, being the place mentioned In the notice served on the 
 aald CD. of an intention to take the said atatement, for the pnrpoae of 
 being present at the taking of the said statement. (.Sfe Cotie GUi), 
 
 The form of CoininisHioii in Hupplied hy the officer 
 iHHuiiij; it. 
 
 If the accused is in actual cuHtotly, the jud^ who makeH 
 the above order will, by an order in writing, direct the officer 
 having the prisoner in custody, to convey him to tlie plact! 
 where the evidence \n to lje taken, under the above h. W81, w> 
 that he may be preuent ; and the expense of mo doing ia to 
 be paid out of the county funds for prison maintenance: 
 Code 082. 
 
 This order may bo inserted in the order for commission 
 (see paragraph 2 in the alwve foriii)- 
 
 A notice of the time and place for taking the evidence 
 must be "sfrrftl" on the opposite party a reasonable time 
 before the evidenc*^ is taken : Code H82, (i8(i. 
 
Bf '"'■ i 
 
 220 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 This notice must be in writing, and it a written notice is 
 not served upon the accused, in the case of evidence bein); 
 taken on behalf of the prosecution, the evidence taken cannot 
 be used, even if tlie accused, being in custody, was taken to 
 the place where the evidence was given, and was present 
 throughout: R. v. Quigley, 18 L.T. 211 ; R. v. Shurn.er, 17 
 Q.B.D. 323. 
 
 At the time and place fixed, the commissioner will proceed 
 to take the evidence on oath, and the opposite party is 
 entitled to cross-examine. 
 
 The statement when completed is to be signed by the 
 commissioner, and it should also be signed by the witness if 
 practicable, although it is not expressly Required under this 
 section, (see also s. 686). 
 
 The commissioner is to add to the statement, a certificate, 
 shewing who were present when it was taken, and transmit 
 it back to the clerk of the peace for the county where the 
 prosecution is pending: Code 681. 
 
 NOTIOB OP iNTmnOS TO Take TIIB EVIDESCI of * WlTUESS WHO 13 
 
 Uanqerously 111. 
 ;OODE 6X2, 686.) 
 To CD. 
 
 Take notice that it « intended on the dayot ,}t'u„„: 
 
 at {nUtct «,h,rt etide<u:e to M taken) in the town o( ,._„•"' S O H 
 
 ot o'clocli in the noon, to take the statement ot G.H., 
 
 „, , on oath or afflrmation, nnder an order of a judge ot the 
 
 Hiih Court ot Justice {i>r ot the County Court ot the county of , 
 
 ^khTsSn.^it'£^"X".itt Of . ch.r^%rr-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 -c-rThrcSy-o?'"' - '"'rupTn^he^tsi^orni.uri^i.-B'tr 
 
 tbat (state the charge). 
 
 Dated, etc. Solicitors for the aaid A.B. 
 
 FoBM OP Dbpositions Takbn on Commission. 
 {To be attached and returned irith the commisnion.) 
 The depoBition of L.K., of the 
 
 ?™vtrc. ot [ oV """""'J' '^« """"•"'y -" 
 
 County ot ) (oc«ip«'"on). 
 
 Taken on oath (or afflrmation) before the undersigned E.P ,the commie- 
 
 sionor named in the commission hereto annexed, at the 
 
 , in the county ot , on this day of , 
 
 A.n. 19 , under the said commission, in the presence and liearing ol 
 CD. named in the said commission (or after notice to the said CD.) and 
 of A.B. (Idooromctor), aiso named therein (or after notice to him) . 
 
 The said deponent, L.K., upon his oath (or affirmation), says as 
 follows : — 
 
PRELIMINARY ENQUIRIES. 
 
 221 
 
 {Htre insert the iHtTieas'a statement in the teortls useii by him as nearly as 
 possible, and at its conelnsion hai-e the same siffncil at the foot by the Kiiness 
 and also by the mmmissioner. ) 
 
 The depositions of the above named L.K., written on the several 
 sheets of paper, to the last of which my signature is subscribed, were 
 taken In the presence and hearing of the above named A.B. and CD., 
 and signed by the said L.K. in their presence, and I further certify that 
 the solicitor or counsel for the said A.B. {or CD., naming the proseeMtor 
 or fle/endant as the case may be against whom the epidence is to be used) 
 had {or might or would have had if he bad chosen to be present, as the 
 ease may be) full opportunity of cross-examining {and did cross-examine 
 if it be one case) the said witness, L.K., upon his said examination before 
 me under the said commission. 
 
 Dated at 
 
 day of 
 
 A.D. 19 . 
 E.P. 
 Commissioner. 
 
 Code 687, as amended by i 'le Ciiiniiial Cotlo Amendment 
 Act, 1900, provides tliat the depositions of any witnesH taken 
 by a justice on a. preliminary or other irn •stigation ot any 
 charge may be read at the trial (not (jiily of the same 
 charge, but of any other charge against the same defendant : 
 Code 6«8), upon proof of facts from wliich it can reasonably 
 be inferred tliat the witness is dead, or so ill as not to be able 
 to travel, or is absent from Canada : and that the deposition 
 was taken in the presence of the accused, and that his 
 solicitor or counsel had full opportunity to cross-examine. 
 
 For instances of what is an " illness " within the meaning 
 of Code fi;'7 : see R. v. Marsella, 17 T.L.R. 104 ; R. v. Katz. 
 17 T L.R. 67 ; R. v. Jones, 3 F. & F. 28.5 ; R. v. Farrell, L.R. 
 2 ' a. 116; R. V. Stephenson, 31 L..J.M.C. 147; R. v. 
 Scaife, 17 Q.B. 238; R. v. Cockburn, Dears. & B. 203; R. v. 
 Wilson, 8 Co.x, C.C. 453. The illness should be proved by 
 medical testimony : R. v. Welton, Cox, C.C. 296 ; and such 
 evidence must shew the .state of health, up to the time of the 
 trial, or such a short time before as to involve the inference 
 that the witness is at the time of the trial unable to attend : 
 R. v. Bull, 12 Cox, C.C. 31. 
 
 When the witness was taken ill during cross-examination 
 by the prisoner's counsel, and before it was concluded, it was 
 held that the depositions were not receivable, as the defend- 
 ant had not full opportunity to cross-examine as required by 
 Code 686: R. v. Mitchell, 17 Cox, C.C. 503. 
 
 As t<) what is sufficient proof of the witness being out of 
 Canada so as to let in depositions under Code 687 : see K. v. 
 Nelson, 1 O.R. 500; R. v. Pescaro, 2 B.C.B. 114. 
 
222 
 
 PBOCEDUBE BEFOBE THE JfSTlCE. 
 
 The original Code 687 provided that the deposition might 
 be used agSnst the accused if he or his counsel or jhc.tor 
 had full opportunity to cross-exannne. B"* "n''^'- "^^ 
 amended section (the word " he being stl-uek out ^y )■'•'»: 
 opportunity to cross-exan.ine must be by counsel or solicitor. 
 aKe intention i. that if the accused has not been repre- 
 sented by counsel or solicitor the deposition cannot be used. 
 Se the ^remarks of the Minister of Justice in ''» '?;"''t; 
 Debates isnfl, p. 354. The evidence of a constable that he 
 could nV find the witness and was told the witness was out 
 rCanada, is not sufficient to let in the deposition a.s ev^encc 
 
 on that ground, it >«i"S '"^''^'y ''"»'^y«/„\. \vS<^ 
 O.R. 500 ; R. v. Graham, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 888 , R. % . « ellings, 
 
 3 Q.B.P. 42(>. , ,, , 
 
 A coroner is not a "justice " within the meaning of Code 
 687, and the depositions taken before ^TT' G^^^ 
 at the trial even if the witness is then dead: B. v. Oraham, 
 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 388. , r. i 
 
 And the unsworn evidence of a child, taken under Code 
 685 or the Canada Evidence Act. 1893 s. 25, are not 
 receivable as "depositions" under Code 687 . R. ^. l-runtej , 
 16 Cox, C.C. 344. 
 
 Depositions Taken on a Former Trial. -By a new 
 paragrapl. (2) in the amended Code 687, m the Act o 1900 
 L^depJition«." i»»l"''ing those taken on a f"""", '""' "^ 
 the accS upon the same charge (sue i ^ ;^'!>^J^ ^ 
 trial Win.' abortive by the disagreement of the jury), n.aj 
 tegiv^nln evidence. It was a doubtful point before this 
 amendment: see 35 C.L.J. 91, 212. j , , 
 
 The depositions taken before a justice, m order to be 
 adm^ible Z the trial, under Code 687, must have been 
 tarerin exact conformity, in all respects, with the require- 
 ments of that section. 
 
 Reouisltes of Deposltions.-The three requisi^tes there 
 mentrej!^:-(l) That it be proved that the deposUion 
 was taken in the presence of the opposite party , (2) that s 
 Xitor or .•ounsel had the opportunity to cross-ex«n.ne the 
 witoei: (3> and the deposition must "purport to be signed 
 bv the justice before whom it was taken. 
 
 The first two requisites may be proved by extrinsic 
 evide ce iHhey do not appear on the face of the deposition, 
 bu he third cannot b.- 'so proved, but must app.iar on the 
 
PREUHINARY EN'gUIKIEa. 
 
 228 
 
 deposition, and cannot be otherwiite supplied ; for no extrinsic 
 evidence will make the deposition "purport" to be signed 
 otherwise than it is: R. v. Miller, 4 Cox, C.C. 1()6; R. v, 
 Hamilton, 2 Can. Cr. CaS. pp. 399, 403, 409. But evidence 
 contra may be yiven to shew that the deposition was in fact 
 not so signed : Code (i87. 
 
 In order to constitute the evidence in any case a regularly 
 taken "deposition," Code (i87 evidently presupposes other 
 necessary formalities and re<]uisites, in addition to those 
 expressly mentioned in that section ; and it may well be held 
 that all the provisions of Code 390 (which regulates the 
 manner in which (le|X)8itions are to be taken on a preliminary 
 inquiry) arc necessary to constitute the writing a regularly 
 taken deposition : see Attorney-Cieiieral v. Davison, McClel. 
 & Y. 1«0 ; R. V. Woodcock, 1 Leach, C.C. ,500 ; R. v. Dingier, 
 1 Leach, C.C. 304. 
 
 There !!>.ust necessarily be a proper caption or heading; a 
 deposition withor* a caption is not receivable: R. v. Newton, 
 1 F. & F. 641 ; R. v. llilloy, 6 Legal News, 93, Q.B. 1883. 
 
 But one caption will suffice for the depositions of any 
 number of witnesses in the same case taken on the same 
 occasion : R. v. Johnston, 2 C. & K. 355 ; R. v. Hamilton, 2 
 Can. Cr. Cas. 390. 
 
 For form of caption and ending of depositions : see Form 
 S. in schedule I to the Criminal Code. 
 
 The caption, to be in accordance with Code 590, should 
 contain statements shewing the name, place of residence and 
 occupation of the witness, the date and place where the 
 deposition is taken, that it was taken under oath (or affirma- 
 tion), and before the undei-signed justice, describing him so as 
 to shew that he is a justice for the county in which the 
 deposition is being taken ; being a judicial act it nmst be done 
 within the justice's territorial jurisdiction. The charge nmst 
 be stated .shewing it to be one which he has authority to deal 
 with, and within his territorial jurisdiction. 
 
 Certiticate of Justice to Depositions.— A certificate 
 
 (Form S. to the Criminal Code) nmst be written at the toot 
 shewing that the deposition was taken in the presence of the 
 prosecutor and the accused, and that his or their counsel was 
 allowe<l full opportunity to cross-examine, and that the 
 deposition was read over to and signed by the witness, and 
 signed by the justice, in the presence of b-.-th jjarties, the 
 
224 
 
 PBOCEDUBE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 { * 
 
 Code 
 
 justice, witness and parties being all present together 
 590, 087. 
 
 When the evidence is taken before several justices, the 
 signature of one of them to the depositions is sufficient: 
 Roscoe's Cr. Ev., p. 7.5. 
 
 As to what is a sufficient signing by the witness and 
 justice, and the other requirements, see R. v. Hamilton, 2 
 Can. Cr. Can. 300. 
 
 The usual presumption in favour of the procee<iing8 of a 
 judicial officer being regular, will be made if, in other respects, 
 the depositions are in proper form : Roscoe's Cr. Ev. 72 ; and 
 it the prisoner was present the presumption is that he h«i 
 opportunity to cross-examine ; but thU may be rebutted : K. 
 v. Peacock, 12 Cox. C.C. 21. 
 
 Admissibility ol Depositions at Common Uw.— Even 
 if a deposition does not striHly comply with Code «H7, it is 
 prooable that it may still be admissible at common law and 
 apart from any statutory pr)vision, if it is a regularly taken 
 deposition before a justice duly holding a preliminary incjuiry 
 which is regulated by Code 590. 
 
 It was held prior to the English statute, 11 & 12 Vict., c_ 
 42 s 17 from which Code (iS7 is copied, that the taking of 
 a deposition before a justice on a preliminary hearing was a 
 judicial procewling, and that, without any statutory provision 
 it was receivable as evidence at the trial, as a judicial record 
 of the evidence; provided it was a properly taken deposition, 
 and if the witness was then dead : R. v. hcaife, 17 y.B. 
 23S ; R. V. Becston, Dears., C.C. 405. 
 
 The intention of 1 1 & 12 Vict.,c.42,s. 1 7 (and so of Co<lc l>»7) 
 was tj) extend, rather than to restrict, the operation of the com- 
 mon law So if the depositions are irregularly taken, and there- 
 fore cannot be used, parol evidence may lie given of what the 
 deceasefl witnes.s said ; and the depositions may be referred 
 to in .r.l.r to refresh the memory of the person proving it: 
 R. V. (iaivin, 10 Cox, C.C. 198; 3 Russell, p. 558. 
 
 The iustice in taking evidence on a preliminary ciic,uiry 
 should !«■ careful to observe all the requirements of both ss. 
 590 and (1H7 of the Code, so that it any witness should at the 
 time be dead or ill, or out of. Canada, there may he no 
 question as to the depositions so taken bi-ing then receivable 
 in evidence. 
 
rRELIMINARV ENgilRlES. 225 
 
 Duty of Justice In taking- Depositions-If wveral wit- 
 ne»«« are examine,! in tl,e ™„,e case on the wn.e occa«io„ 
 the ilepMition, may be written on several »heets of paper 
 fastened together in any manner, and the Justice need not shm 
 each witnesss deposition. It is sufficient if he sign one at 
 
 deposition has been held to be receivable under the Enelish 
 statute : R. v, Parker, L.R. 1 C.C.R. 22.5. 
 
 As to these and other requirements as to signing the 
 der«sjtions: see R. v. Osborne, 8 C. & P. 113: R. v. Quin, 3 
 U & K. 101 ; R. y. France, 2 M, k R 207 : R. v. I^e, 4 F. & 
 
 r.I'r''''r- L?"'""'^"' * F- & F. SCO; R. v. Hamilton, 2 
 v^an. Lr. Las. 300. 
 
 Presence of Accused. -The accused must be present 
 during the taking of the whole evidence: Code 590 ("^'rR 
 V. Jorbes, Holt, N.P. 599 (ft); 3 Russell, ath ed., 553. 
 
 If the accused is absent during ,. part of the time a 
 wi,ne«» 1 b„„ ,„,i d i, „i„ „^^^^^^P_^ ^^^^ the evidTnc: 
 taKen in his absence be read over and re-affirmed by the 
 a vWt'" r r"™"" • T'-.TP^i'" I"'rty i« entitled, with 
 „ h J. ?K !• "'"'""^ °' *"" "«'" "f eross-examination, 
 
 -o near the .juestions and answers, and to observe how the 
 answers are given : R. v. Beeston, IJears., C.C. 405 Rv 
 Johnston, 2 C. & K. 394. ^ -.v j , n. v. 
 
 Witnesses Must be Swom.-A witness when called to 
 C^^^m^Z'i P-."""7T enquiry must be «rst str^ " 
 
 1- .Li i_ ,. 7*^-^- ^- 1. M- /. It need not be administcrpH 
 directly by the justice. The justices clerk, or a"' Irs™ 
 by the d-rection of the justice, may administer it in th^ lat 
 ters presence : 3 Russell, 658 («). *' 
 
 nf nTn"""' "l.""*.' *?" *ffl™ations.-The following form 
 •nalZt''^^'"^" "'' T "' ^^- ■'"■"P'ai.mnt.fglrt 
 ,„!i;n/^'.r"- ■""''""■ """ "'" evidence you sliaU eive 
 lehing the m« ter in question, shall be the t™th, the whole 
 tiutl, and nothing but the truth, so help you ttol" The 
 usual orm of attestation is for the wit„e«s^J; ki,s. The Bile 
 Hut f the witness objects on account of conscient ,, is 
 -luples to take an oath, or if he is objected to a.:~t:„: 
 
I 
 
 226 
 
 PBOCEDl'RE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 to take ail oatli, liu may bo permitted to affirm : Can. Ev. Act, 
 1893, 8. 23. 
 
 Tlie form of atfiriiiatioii is <^ven in this statute as follows : 
 •■ I soloiiiiily aflinii that the evidence to be given by me shall 
 be the trutli, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." 
 
 Absence of Relitrious Belief.— If the witness lias no 
 belief in Ood, or a future state, his evidence cannot be rejected 
 on that ground, and he is to affirm in the form above given, 
 instead of being sworn : Can. Ev. Act, 1893, s. 23, It is 
 only a question as to tlie value to be placed upon such per- 
 son's evidence. 
 
 A witness cannot be cross-examined with a view of shew- 
 ing that he lias no religious belief if he states that he has : 
 R. v. Serva, 2 C. & K. 53 ; but the justice should ascertain 
 from the witness whotlier he objects to taking an oath because 
 he has no religious belief, or because taking it is contrary to 
 his religious belief; R. v. Moore, 61 L.J.M.C. 80. 
 
 As to the difl'erent forms of oaths, according to the wit- 
 ness's religious belief : see Roscoc's Nisi Prius Evidence, p. 121; 
 see also R. v. Palimagay, 20 U.C.R. 195; K.S.C. c. 43, s. 120. 
 
 A heathen witness may make an affirmation in similar 
 form to the above ; or, in any other words, and with such cere- 
 monies ivs may he in use in his tribe or country ; the object 
 being to take the evidence in such a way as will be most 
 binding on his conscience. 
 
 Deaf Mutes,— If a witness is mute, the oath or affirma- 
 tion is administered in the usual way, and he will give his 
 evidence by signs or by written answers to cjuestions, or in 
 any manner in which he can make it intelligible : Can. Ev. 
 Act, 1893, s. B ; and in the case of a deaf mute, an interpre- 
 ter to eonimuiiicate by signs may be sworn as in the case of 
 a witness who does not cpeak the English language, or the 
 witness may be examined by written questions and answers. 
 
 Intarpreters. — If the witness cannot speak English an 
 interpreter must be sworn as follows : " You shall well and 
 truly interpret the evidence to be given by the witness A.B., 
 so help you God." 
 
 The interpreter will afterwards communicate to the 
 witness the usual oath or affirmation given on page 225, by 
 repeating it to the witness under the directions of the 
 justice. 
 
PRELIMINARY EXyi-lBIEs. ffj 
 
 m the uHual way. But if he d«,„ nV. „nder«tad Km ■? 
 
 wn .n takmB an oath, he cannot be «worn ^however ^' ,: 
 
 u,t.ce ,« of op„„on that the child i, of sufficient SlL't 
 
 tojUHtify the reception of hi» evidence, and unde Ht^ f th^ 
 
 duty of speaking the truth, the justice nmy take the cl"ld' 
 
 ehild"inTl' nT "'",'"'"!"' "l"''"''" ^^» down the nan.e of the 
 child m Its proper place in the depositions, and statinir U,«t 
 the child was not sworn, givinjr thrreason hi t f h.7i *^ • t 
 opinion that the child is of „u.gc!™t S j»nce 1 ^ilr 
 stands the duty of speakinR the truth. Tlf c , id "uay the„ 
 be examined, and his statements are to be taken dowLi he 
 usual way and the dep«,ition will be signed by Zjulti'e 
 
 und^^^^'^rr^r^'^t:^;^7V;r--" 
 
 Form S. to the Criminal Code. In Hlling „„t this f^n », d 
 
 t':K.ry Z::^"-' ^"^ -"■■--- -^ ^^^ ^^ 
 
 .er^-:J^;^-;^3---^^ 
 
 down the evidence in the latters presence and thlrnftr 
 
 ue taken in the manner provided by Code 590 (7) 
 
 Oath of Stenogrrapher.-The stenographer must be tirs* 
 sworn (or may affinn) according to the following for, „t- 
 
 Form or Oath or Stenoorapher 
 
 KORM OF APriRMATION. 
 
 -idin^c/'tit ;tirilf.heZ«.'.V,"''! V""^'"" '»'""»"y ''port th. 
 <;.!),: „e Code So (7) """' °° ■"'°™>«<>» l«id by A.B. .Kam.t 
 
 Affidavit Of Stenogrrapher.-The evidence taken by a 
 stenographer need not be re,.d over to or signed by the 
 
228 i.B(H;EmBE hekore the jistke'. 
 
 witno«. but « full tr«n«ript of the evidence i» »ft«'«;*>'Jr J° 
 
 i„g affiJavit of tlie ttenop-apher annexed ■. Code 590 (7). 
 
 Affidavit of Stesoobaphbb. 
 Province of 1 1 
 
 I, E.F., of the "^ 
 
 {oempntion) make oath and say: EwiniTe, one of 
 
 HtenoRrapher at aforesaid. 
 
 Sworn, etc. . . t ^i 
 
 Tnkliwr the Evidence.— n the affidavit is oimtted. the 
 t J.%"«e':vide„ce eauuot be -1 - evidence, unie. 
 it is sinned by tlie witness : Code 687, 5B0 (7 )■ 
 
 The depiitions of a witness, whether taljen down by a 
 .en:aroHn,on,W.^ouM^.ta.e„d^^^^^^^ 
 or as nearly so as possible: Code wi , iv. v. 
 Cr. <^^^^f- c & P. 817, Parke, B., s.ud : " Magi-.- 
 
 ™ay t Td or done in his pre«.nee during the course of the 
 Luiry : R. v. Grady, 7 C. 'v P. 660. 
 
 ' Care must be taken to write the .lepos't.ons legibly, and 
 only on one side of the paper ■. Code 590 (6). 
 
 The evidence is to be «rst by questions put to the witness 
 
 wards by re-examination by the prosecutor, « ^ '» "" 7^^;*: 
 
PRELISIIN-AKV EXQI'IBIES, 
 
 229 
 
 MgnH tlie depoHitioiM. But the witnow is not eiititlwl undtT 
 thf pretence of correcting liin evidence, an token down to 
 chan(,'e and contradict tlie Htatcnient« he hon deliljcrately 
 made, but any Imuijiile nii»take or niiHunderstandinj; xhouM 
 be corrected. Anything eim lie wisheK to nay should, how- 
 ever, be received and added to his de|s>sition. 
 
 Any one present liefoi-e the nuijjistrate may lie called as 
 a witness, even if not suiiiiuoned : t'ode .5N.i, 
 
 If a witness refuses to be sworn, or to answer (juestious 
 or to pi-oduce documents when onlered by the justice; or if 
 he refuses to mg,, the ileposition, without ortering just excuse, 
 the justice may adjourn the case for not more than eight 
 clear days, and may by warrant— Koriii (). to the Criminal 
 Code—cmiimit the witness to gaol : Coile 5H.5. Before doing 
 «i, the justice should note his demand upon and the refusal 
 of the witness, ami what reason, if any, the latter gives for 
 such refusal : and the (|ueHtioii or ciuestions which the witness 
 refuses to answer, should be taken down with any statement 
 the witness makes ; and the justice should himself repeat the 
 question or make the demand upon the witness for his answer 
 or compliance ; and these facts should also be noted so as to 
 shew the grounds on which the justice's warrant to commit 
 the witness is is.sHe<I. The accuse<l will of course be remanded 
 to gaol or released on bail [lending the adjournment. If 
 before the eight days' remand has expired, the witness 
 signifies his consent to do what is required of him, the 
 parties should be notified and brought before the justice ; 
 and the witness's deposition will be proceeded with and 
 completed : Code 585. 
 
 But if the witness by the time the eight days has expired, 
 has not intimated to the justice his i-eadineas to do what ia 
 required, he is then to be brought before the justice, and the 
 demand is to be again made of him to do what is rraiuired ; 
 and upon iiis refusal the proceedings should be noted as 
 iiefore and the justice may again adjouni the case, and again 
 commit the witness as before, issuing another warrant, and 
 so on from time to time until the witness consents to do 
 what IS required : Co<lc ISS. 
 
 The justice may, however, proceed to take any other 
 evidence, and to dispose of the case without the evidence of 
 the witness who has been committed, if he sees fit: Code 
 5«5 (2); see further as to evidence, unte p. 106 et neq. 
 
230 
 
 PlllKIEDURE BEFORE THE JUHTKE. 
 
 If a witni'Wt ri-f usch to onnwer a i|ue«tion on the Kro'inii 
 that hin answer might tcml to criminate himself, his mere 
 statement to that i-tlect i» not nuflicient to excuse him. but 
 the justice must be satistied from the circumstances and the 
 nature (if the case that there is reasonable ({round to appri'- 
 hend some dan(rcr to him from his being compelled to answer; 
 but if it so ap[B'Br8, Kreiii latitude should be allowed the 
 witness in judging for himself as to any particular ([Uestion ; 
 Ex p. Keyiiolds, 20 Ch. D, 2»4; see iintf pp. 107-109. 
 
 A solicitor is not privileged from answering i|ue»tion8 as to 
 any fact which has come to his knowledge from other sources 
 than from hia client: Minet v. Morgan.'LK. 8 Ch. App. 301. 
 WamlniT to Accused When the evidence for the prose- 
 cution is completed, the justice will note that fact on the 
 proceedings ; and will then proceed in the manner (lirected 
 by Code 591 ; and is to read to the accused the question and 
 warning provided by s. .591 of the Code, viz. : — 
 
 " Having heard the evidence do you wish to say anything 
 in answer to the charge ? 
 
 " You are not bound to say anything ; but whatever you 
 do say will be taken down in writing, and may be given in 
 evidence against you at your trial. You must clearly under- 
 stand that you have nothing to hope for from any pijjmise 
 of favour, and nothing to fear from any threat, which may 
 have been held out to you to make any admission or confes- 
 sion of guilt ; but whatever you now say may be given in 
 evidence against you upon your trial, notwithstanding such 
 promise or threat." 
 
 Statement by Accused.— What the accused then says is 
 to be taken down in writing in Form T., contained in s. .'591, 
 Criminal Code, or to the like effect, ami is to be signed by 
 the justice. 
 
 The statement made by the accused, and so taken down, 
 if any, may be given in evidence at the trial against hini, 
 without further proof, unless it is shewn that the justice, 
 purporting to have signed it, did not in fact do so : Code 689. 
 Under this section of the Code the provisions of the law 
 reuuiring the prosecutor to prove that the accused was 
 cautioned, and that no inducement was held out before the 
 statement or confession to the justice was made, is sufficiently 
 supplied by the production of the statement signed by the 
 justice and returned with the depositions, " without further 
 
PRELIMINARr INQ.WBlICs 
 
 3»l 
 
 HI LJ.M.C, U»: mc K. v. Bale, 11 
 
 proof:" H. v. .Sannoiiic, 
 Cox. C.C. 6W. 
 
 The Htatenif lit cannot W: put in a» , viil.Mio.. on tlio 
 pn-oMws behalf; Kii»«ll, p. 54!) <.r); hut if a TOi.fe»,ion i. 
 put in a» evKli'iioi. for the prrwcution, oiiytliin(t <!oiitaine<i in 
 a in likewise evi.l.nce for the accu»«d R. v. Hiujfins, 3 V. & 
 
 It seeniH that if the prisoner makes a voluntary Htatement 
 bcfor.- the luslice without the warning nt«ve nientioned it 
 will nevei ihel.ss, h,- receivable as evidence of « voluntary 
 confesMon: R. v. .Saucie, 1 I'. & B. (X.B.I Oil. 
 
 The justice should leave it 'entirely to the accused 
 Whether he will make any stateineiit or not ; " and he ought 
 not to he disuaded from making a perlectiv voluntary 
 statement. A prisoner is not U, be enlrapped "into making 
 any statement, but if he is willing to do so, it is the duty of 
 the justice to receive it and take it down in writing. If the 
 Htoteiuent IS made in answer to a question by the justice, it 
 iH.nevertheles.s, receivable: but the latter ought only to put 
 ijuestions for the purpose of explaining anything the pris mer 
 has a ready said. Questions calculated to lead to answers 
 prejudicial to the prisoner should not be askeil : and the 
 power should be use<l with caution and discretion. State- 
 ments made by a prisoner in answer to ipiestions or cross- 
 examination by or before the justice will not he allowed to be 
 given in evidence, as the inHuencv.s necessarily pi-esent on 
 such an occasion are in the same category as those which (as 
 before •»«>tioned) would render a confession inadmissible: 
 •i Russell, ,o42: R, \. Berriman. 6 Cox, C.C. 388. 
 
 The statement of the accused before the justice must be 
 taken down in the actual words used ; and it must not be taken 
 on oath, or it will not be admissible at the trial: see ante 
 pp. 119, 128, "Confessions and Admissions." The statement 
 taken down should be read to the accused, and he should be 
 got to sign It if he will, but he cannot lie compelled to do so 
 and It >s not required in order to make the statement valid • 3 
 Kussell, 542. 
 
 If the statement is signed by the accused, it is receivable 
 ■ n evidence against him at common law, and therefore would 
 !*■ good evidence, even if not taken in conformity with s .591 
 
 ' 1 '"/.."Tilf' P^"' '""^ ^ ""' receivable as evidence 
 under Code 689 : R. v. Sansome, 19 LJ.M.C. 143. 
 
iM 
 
 rtuKKWHt, HeroKE THi jrHTtri:. 
 
 >nv.n of H-liat tlif hcciik...! Mid, uiil.« the viriliiiK h" "»" 
 Cri« t if uot Ukun in writinK, or if Ih.- wnln.jt .- lo|aj^|r 
 f taken in writlnit l)Ut not in pm^r forn.), tbo ju-ticen 
 war^nl n- prii.nc.r'» -tat.n>«nt, and the nmg.,tr.t«- 
 :i;:t:i?o U l prov«l ..y parol evi,U.,>ej., -• ' ■•;7*;7 
 will l« K00.1 at connnon law: B. v, Hoyd, '» V'' >'.,; MW 
 K V H.ar« C". k M. lOi); K. v, Mcdov.rn, 5 Cox, C,C. 506. 
 
 It nmv be provo.1 by the ju«tio..» clork, or tl»- jurticc or 
 by oUrLi-fLtory p^«t. ibat tbe ..vi.b;nco wa, not taken 
 down in writing: K. v. Harrw, K. & M. 3.W. 
 
 If it in proved that the common law re,,uiren.enla an to 
 the a-xn"^ te.W p.^viou»ly cautioned, wa» c.m>pl.« «.tb, 
 iTd S^o iXemeut or threat w»» held out, even althouKb 
 ^e Itio d"l not cm-pri... all the -Utement, ." '!» J^™ 
 provide,! by Code ,591. such evidence ,» receivable at common 
 taw and independently of the Cnminal Code. 
 
 So alHO if the priBoner'a »tatement before the justice ha« 
 
 he wrote : 3 Russell, 544. 
 
 & P 124 ; R. v. Smith, 1 Stark. N.P. 242. 
 
 But it the prisoner was sworn by mistake, and the depoai- 
 tion wis aftrS destroyed by the justice on ^-?ven^ of 
 the mistake and the prisoner was then warned and his state 
 menr:-^Uken again' without oath, the latter ,s admissible 
 ■R V Webb, 4 C. & P. 564. . , , 
 
 ^- The sU^ement may be impeached on behalf of the defence 
 in the various ways stated in 3 Russell, 545. 
 
PRCI.rXIXARY KMillHliX (33 
 
 [w may niiilo' <luriiiK the. pr»Kn.«« of i|„. rmio at anv urn- 
 Iwfoni tliii jimticc, hIioiiM Iw taki'ii dnwii in ih.. unx' i iiJi- 
 for aUliouKli I In- wilting roiitainiii« tl„. priwimrV. «.,i.l. is 
 not itwlf, in «ucli chm.', w..ivKl)lii in cviili^nit-, nut In nt puL 
 of the <li!|ioiiilion», nor of the primin.T' <tiiti'ni<'ii in.l, 1 I'l, 
 ■taluti', whii'li niny !«■ nwl ii);uinnt him. nmliT uhk ,„■ ,].u 
 of the IViniinai f cxle : It. v. ( 'iii|H.iit,.r, 2('iix,(M .f.s hijii 
 the pridon.TM (ilMcrviitinnM may U^ pnjv.1l ii..:,iii,t i,;,,, |,, 
 jMrol eviihwf l)y iiny witn.w. «hn hninl i"„ri. ».," 'm" 
 justico. or th.> juNticoi. cl.'ik. if cuII.kI u» «uei. .vitn.* r„,u' 
 refreHh hin memory by reference to the writing: .'I Ilii-«..l'' 
 5*17, 548. 
 
 But u Htutement made l)y a j>rinoiicr while erowi-e.xuM, i.i.i" 
 a witnew. Ijefore tlie.jiwtiee.and taken down in writinif fornm 
 a part of the .h.po«ition», and muHt Ik. pn.ved liy prwiuction 
 of the latter, itnil not hy parol : K. \. Taylor, 13 fox, (•(■. 77 
 
 EvldMM for Difono..- After takinK the prisoner- 
 utatement, if any under t'o-le 5!tl, the justice will procewl to 
 Mk the accused if he wishes to adduce any evidence; and if 
 «, the jllstlce will then take the evidence for the defence • 
 C0.I0 5(1.) ; includinK that of the accustil himself if he so 
 desires : Can. Ev. Act, 1«!(3, s, 3 : Out. Ev. Act, s. 4. 
 
 The evidence lor the defence is to Iw receiveil and taken 
 down in the same manner as that for the pnjsccution and 
 such evidence as to ■ any fact relevant to the casi. " must be 
 heard and taken down: Code .')!i:) (2); R. v. Meyer 11 PR 
 477 ; Lacoinbe v. St. Marie, 15 L.C'. Jur. 276. 
 
 It must be confined to what is •' relevant," that is to 
 what Koes to shew jtuilt or innocence, but it is not receivable 
 m a preliminary inquiry if it only Isam on initiation of 
 punishment: R. v. Carilen. 5 Q.B.D. I. 
 
 After completing the evidence for the defence, the pro«<.- 
 cutor may bnng forwapil evidence "in reply" to explain any 
 matter arising in the evidence for the accused: Code 596 («)■ 
 and if the justice sees tit to permit it, the prosecutor mav 
 also give <mi/ further evidence : Code 586 (fc). 
 
 The defendant, in the latter event, should lie allowed an 
 opportunity to give evidence in answer to any new matter 
 so brought in. 
 
 Certmcate of Justice.— When the evidence on both sides 
 IS completed, a certificate will be written at the foot of the 
 
234 
 
 PROCEDIBE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 depositioDH nnd signed by t\\< 
 Criininnl Code. 
 
 justice in Fonn S. to the 
 
 How Prooeedlngrs Regrulated.— Wlien the partien and 
 their witnejwes are Wfore the justice holdinjf a preliminary 
 in^juiry, the hearing and 8ub«ec|uent proceedings are regulated 
 by Code 577, 5«ii, 590, et aeq. 
 
 The justice who took the information and issued the 
 proct'SH, or any other justice who has jurisdiction over the 
 subject matter, is competent to proceed with the cose : Code 
 5()7. Hut another justice cannot intervene without the 
 consent of the justice who has the case ii^ hand : see p. 139. 
 
 If a case is heard before two or more justices, and they 
 disagree, there can be no committment, unless there is a 
 majority in favonr of it. If the justices are etjually divided, 
 the case may be adjourned, and other justices (either with or 
 without those who first heard it) may re-hear it, or a fresh 
 information may be laid before another justice. 
 
 A discharge on a preliminary inquiry does not pr»;v ^-nt 
 the accused being brought up before another justice upon a 
 fresh information for the same ottence: R. v. Morton, 19 
 C.P 20 : R. V. Watters. 12 Cox, C.C. 390. 
 
 If the charge is dismissed, and the prosecutor is dissati.'i- 
 tied with that result, he may apply to the justice to be bound 
 over to prosecute under Code 595 : or, if that has been 
 omitted, he may apply to the Attorney- General for a fiat to 
 present an indictment : Scottstown v. Beauchesne, Q.R. 5 
 Q.B. 554. 
 
 If a preliminary inquiry is begtin before one justice and 
 completed before two justices, it is irregular, and the pro- 
 ceedings will be void, unless both justices heard the whole of 
 the evidence ; Re Nunn, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 429. 
 
 The justice may in hia discretion regulate the course of 
 the inquiry in any way not inconsistent with the law : Code 
 586 (e). He may permit or refuse to allow the prosecutor or 
 his counsel to sum up the case ; but he cannot refuse the 
 accused, or his counsel, that right : Code 58(i (a). 
 
 The justice may change the place of hearing ; Code 58(i 
 (c) ; and he may exclude all persons except the prosecutor 
 and defendant and their counsel from the room or building, 
 if it appears to him that the ends of justice will be best 
 answered by so doing. The place of hearing on a preliminary 
 inquiry is not an open court to which the public have the 
 
PRELIMINARY lN<jriRIE8. 235 
 
 Uh^tr^Z "" ^^"^.^T '" ■•""""""■y '""'"^ Code 686 
 .100 . i« 7 ''"'^''- ^°:*'' *'<* <">■ "'""i by the Act of 
 
 publ c on the lieaniiK ot any case in which the iustice is of 
 op.n.on that .t will be in the intent, of public uraL 
 
 1 he accused may waive tlie pielii.iinary exaniinotion and 
 
 Remands After Evidence Taken.— The evidence havin,. 
 
 Ix.en taken and the parties fully heard, the justice may eih^ 
 determme the case at once, or he u.ay adjourn it forCher 
 consideration remanding the accused lo gaol-Forn, P to the 
 
 0"to'tt (^ "■-■P'",''"* •"" "^ before mention^_Fo™ 
 1^. to the tnnnual Cwle ; s. 58() (c). 
 
 The justice cannot adjourn the case sine die and after 
 
 Disposition of Case on Preliminary Enquiry -There 
 Z 'Z.^-'^y^ "■ -y ""« of which the jitice rafdeal wUh 
 1. By dismissal : Code 594, 
 
 r.Jv^^ ™nimittii.g the accused for trial : Code 598 War- 
 rant Form V, to the Criminal Code. 
 
 The riuestion for the justice is, whether or not the evi 
 dence js sufficient to put the accused upon his trial I up^„ 
 the who e evidence, for the prosecuti™ as well as for the 
 
 o Tot r/ """""". """ "° ""*«'''''"* -- ha-s b^en made 
 ojrt to put the accused upon trial, he will dismiss it : Code 
 
 The justice is not to try the ca.se, nor any controverted 
 
 Ct 'the trT',i: '■' ""' '" "■"'«'' '"e evidence, norde^^ 
 as to the truth between conflicting statements upon anv 
 nae„al pomt; nor is he to decide upon a preponSncerf 
 ■VHlence m favour of the accused, even though TtThould 
 appear to be strongly in his favour. It is for the jury o 
 
 triS JfTnon ,T P"'"*?'--?,- thejudge'sdirectfon a7th: 
 tnal. If upon the whole evidence, there is any substantial 
 
quefltion to be ti 
 functions of tlie 
 commit thu accuH 
 But if tliu e> 
 away the facta 
 ahcws that the a< 
 courHe no cane t 
 if any evidence i 
 tioii, tlie juHtice ?■ 
 be the apparent i 
 
 The justice 
 indictable otienc 
 of, even if it is 
 in the infonuati 
 not be amended. 
 Warrant of 
 menfc must surtic 
 menl for trial i 
 Ex p. Welsli. -2 < 
 
 An ottence 
 words of the wta 
 846 in tiie Crin 
 If tlie warra 
 after a writ of c 
 correct warrant 
 L.J.M.C. 201; I 
 After comm 
 Court may grar 
 3. If the ji 
 cient to put the 
 such a stront,' 
 committal to ^ 
 accused to bail 
 for trial : Co<li 
 Criminal Code. 
 Dominion Stati 
 warrant of deli 
 same Act. 
 
 Two justice 
 bail taken is fc 
 part of Code 
 • more than 5 y* 
 
PBOCinUBE BEKOBE THE JISTICE. 
 
 ion to be tried, the justice lias no right to assume tlie 
 ions of tlio judge and jury by trying it, and he should 
 lit tile accused for trial. 
 
 iut if the evidence for the defence conclusively explains 
 ' the facta on which the pi-osecution is founded, and 
 s that the accused is not guilty of the oH'eiice, there is ot 
 le no case to be sent for trial ; while on the other haiiii 
 y evidence is given which, if true, would justify convic- 
 the justice should coiinnit tor trial, no matter what may 
 le apparent cogency ot the evidence in contradiction. 
 riie justice may commit the accused for trial for any 
 ;table oH'elice which th.' evidence shews him to be guilty 
 ven it it is an altogether different offence from that laid 
 lie information ; and in such case the information need 
 be amended. See on this subject p 205, atite. 
 Warrant of Committment.— The warrant of cominit- 
 l must suHicieiitly descrilw an offence tor which conunll- 
 t tor trial may legally be made, otherwise it is invalid ; 
 p. Welsh, 2 (Jan. Cr. fas. 33. 
 
 An offence is now sufficiently described by using the 
 lis of the statute relating to it ; see the amended .section 
 
 in tlie Criminal Amendment Act, 1900. 
 If the warrant should be defective, the justice may, even 
 r a writ of certiorari lias been issued, make out a new and 
 ect wammt and return it with the writ ; Ex. p. Cross, 20 
 M.C. 201 ; Re Plunkett. 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 31)5. 
 After committal for trial, a judge of a Superior or County 
 irt may grant bail, but the justice cannot do so. 
 3 If the justice is of opinion that the evidence is suffi- 
 it to put the accused upon his trial, but does not furnish 
 h a strong presumption of his guilt as to warrant his 
 imittal to gaol to await trial, the justice may admit the 
 used to bail with one or more sureties tor his appearance 
 
 trial; Code 601; see recognizance. Form B.B. to the 
 minal Code. An amended form is given at the end ot the 
 minion Statute for 1900 ; and also an amended j"™ ol 
 rrant of deliverance. Form C.C, is given at the end ot the 
 
 *" ^"' • J 1 ii. 
 
 Two justices, or a police magistrate, are required when the 
 I taken is for one of the offences referred to in the hrst 
 rt of Code 601, viz., an indictable offence punishable by 
 ,re than 5 years' imprisonment (other than cases ot trea.son 
 
 1'nELI.MlNAnV KXi;nHlES. 
 
 237 
 
 or an offence punishable with death, in which latter co«es liail 
 cannot be taken, and section 001 rloes not apply). 
 
 If the orti-nce is oni> punishable by less than tive vears' 
 iniprisonment— that is, any indictable offence other than'those 
 above enumerated- -the justice who heard the case, or any 
 other jastice having jurisdietioii, Ix'tore whom the accused 
 appears, may alone take bail. In any of the above cases in 
 which bail is taken, the justice or justices may r(«]uire the 
 surety to justify, on oath or affirmation, as to his propertv 
 and sufficiency as bail : Code liOl : see form of affidavit of 
 justification ante in chapter on "Certiorari. " 
 
 The question is as to the property (|Ualification rather 
 than the character ond standing of the bail : R v Saunders 
 2 Cox, C.C. 249 ; R. v. Badger. 4 Q.B. 40«. 
 
 The recognizance may be conditioned for the appearance 
 of the accused for trial at the next General .Sessions, if the 
 Sessions has jurisdiction, even if the Assizes should intervene ■ 
 see added s.-s. 3 to Code 001, in the Criminal Co<ie Ainend- 
 iiient Act, 1900, c. 46. This amendment was intende<l to 
 prevent jietty cases from being sent to the Assizes The 
 cases over which the (ieneral Sessions has jurisdiction 
 include all indictable offences, except those specified in Code 
 a40, as amended by the statute of 1S94, c. .57 and 1900 
 c. 46. 
 
 If the accused do<>s not offer sufficient bail, the justice or 
 justices may commit the accused to gaol by warrant : Form 
 B.B. to the Criminal Code. The accused, althom-h not 
 "committed for trial," may be trie<l Ijefore the County 
 Judge s Criminal Court, if the justice has sent him to gaol 
 under the above provisions for default ot sureties, nr if the 
 sureties afterwanls render him to gaol under CVxIe 910 : .see 
 Amended Code 765 (2) in the statute ot 1900, c. 46. 
 
 When a person has been committed for trial under Code 
 596 : or if the prosecutor has been Ixiund over to prosecute 
 under Co<lc 595 : see p. 23« ; the accused may \k- tried tor 
 the offence charged, or for anv other offence whatever 
 lounded upon the same facts as disclosed in the depositions 
 taken before the justice: C«le 641 ; and this may be done 
 iilthough the venue has been changed to another county 
 (ode 0.51 12): Ooodman v. The (^ueen, 3 OR 18- R v 
 Coleman, 30 OR. 93: R. v. Paterson, 26 O.R. 050 
 
23« 
 
 I'RIKEDIUE BEtDKE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 But tl... accUBcl n,ay at any tin.e teforo the ,M.tit jury i» 
 Kworn apply t„ t\w court U, .|"»»l' t''" mdietlnent, ... tl.. 
 
 the trial it appears that any cou.it .» ..ot »o fou..de.l. a..a 
 
 ati..>stiec'i^ lik,lyto ..■ .Ion- "' ^'^l-r '.'^in 
 ,„ay .luash mich (•ou..t: see the an.e.ided Code Ml ... tl.t 
 statute of 1900. 
 
 By ».-». 2 (now .s.-s. 3 of the a...™ded h. Ml) ... the 
 „ri«i.;al statute, the Attomcy-(ie..eral, or a-'X""; '^ '" 
 writte,. consent, or that of a judge o any ^f "J "•-■ ^" 
 jurisdiction, ...ay prefer a.. .nd.ct.n*.t for an} ottencL 
 sneciHed i.. such consel.t. This .» .supple.nented bj tht 
 amended s-s 2 in the Act ot 1900: a,.d the crown cminsel at 
 a y ourt of crin.inal jurisdictic. also has -f '°"7 '« P^ " 
 a. bill of indictment for a..y offence fou..ded on the facts 
 Si^losed in the depositio>.s. and any person may do so by 
 oniur of the cou.t : a..iended s.-s. .1. 
 
 Save in one of the ways provided by the al«ve .. 6il ^ 
 so a.ne..ded,no bill of h.diet.nent can be prefer, id . a v 
 court- ame..ded Code (141, ».-s. 5. Objections to an .nd.U 
 men for wa..t of the consent of the Attor„ey-(5e.,eral, o 
 oXr ot the court, must be taken by motion to ,,ua»h t e 
 in,lict.,.ent before the j...y is swor.. ■. a,..ended s.-». 4. 1 he 
 consent of the Attorney-(ie,.e,-al. when requ.red, n.„»t ha^. 
 been given in the particular ca.se. 
 
 Dismissal of Case -Prosecutor may be Bo»"d--(*)^ ^[ 
 
 the justice disniisses the case, the accused m . nt.t ed to be at 
 once discharged ; but the prosecutor, it he des.res to carry the 
 Ze tefore the (i.a..d Jury, ,.,ay do so, and upo., h.s request, 
 the justice ...ust bi..d the prosecutor to P™™"''' f " "'f ■•=': 
 „,„„t agai..st the accused before the (ira..d Jury at the ..ext 
 court of co...petent jurisdiction : Code 59.5. 
 
 The justice cannot refuse, this re,,ue8t, but ...ust take the 
 prosecutor's recognisance to prosecute, if the .nformat on m 
 'evidence shews that an offence know.x to the aw .s c.a.g d . 
 R V Kvre LK. 3 Q.B. 487; R. v. London (Jus.), lb Cox, 
 CC' 77: but not otherwise. As tor insta.,ce .n ca«e " ■. 
 charge of conspiracy, and the particulars shew tha tl 
 charge was an impe.ssible one, the justice nsl'tb' -l«'"-d > 
 bind over the prosecutor : Ex p. Wason, LR 4 y«- J'' •* 
 For form ot recognizance see Form W. to the Cr,m..i«l Code 
 
PHEMMINAKV ENyiIHIE.S. 239 
 
 Witnesses' Recogrnizanoe to Appear at Trial.— if the 
 
 justice coimiiits tlie aecused f(ir trial, he slioiiW take the 
 witnewies' reco^niizance to ap|)ear ami (jive evideiiee • Code 
 MH ; Form Y. to the t;ri„n.ial C«le. If a witness refuses to 
 Ik twunil over, the justice nmv coiiiuiit hijii to L'aol ■ Form Z 
 to the Criminal Code ; till the trial, or until he consents to 
 he so bound over, in which latter event, any justice of the 
 county niay take the witness's recofjnizance : Form V above 
 referriHl to ; and may is.,ue an order for the witui'sss release 
 trom custody : I orm A. A. to the Criminal Code ; .see Code 590. 
 The justice who conmiits the accused may also bind o\er 
 the prosecutor to appear and prosecute, if he con.sents to do 
 so: Form W. to the Criminal Code ; and also to jfive evidence 
 It the prosecutor is also a witness, adding Form X to th- 
 „nnnnal Co<le: Code .lys. 
 
 AbSOOndlngr Witness.— If a witness who has been bound 
 over by recognizance to give evidence before a justice, or any 
 Criminal Court, is about to abscond, or has absconded any 
 .justice for the county may take an intorniation from any 
 persoii, in the form and in the .same manner as an infonnatioii 
 IS laid tor a criminal offence, as pointed out on p. 18.i ■ CmIc 
 •)I»S (()). The following may be u.sed as a Form to Ik tilled 
 in the intorniation : — . 
 
 iNrOKJTATIOS AciAlSST AB.SCONUISU WlTSES.'). 
 
 raiiadn. \ 
 
 Province of , . 
 
 fountyot . j 
 
 The informiition nnd eomplaint of A.B.. of l«e«maH) tnken 
 
 o„o,thth,8 d.yof ,i„tl,eve„r ''befori 
 
 the county of , who saith that C.I), wns l.tely charged before 
 
 E.F Esquire, a J,„l,c. of the Peace in and for the county of 
 
 *c .„(„«, km be.„ b,„n„l „c„), and upon the hearing of the laid ch.r~ 
 I 1 i. J,. . "as, on the day of AD III 
 
 •Inly bound by recoRnizance taken before the ^nid K.F. (or „,;,„• /„,"„; 
 1. appearand jci»e evidence at the trial (,„■ l„an„g) of the said charge 
 h. th. court (or before the justice ,.o»,i,„ A,,,,), by which (or Se 
 
 Tt't^V"' H-f- ? '" '"' °' ""»" "" *''•''■■ »"''"'»' the said cBS 
 ■il-out to abscond (or has absconded). 
 
 Sworn liefore me the day and year first above mentioned at 
 
 •I.H., 
 
 J. P. County of 
 
 tjpoii receiving such sworn information, a warrant may 
 be issued for the arrest of the witness : Coile .598 (l>). 
 
S40 
 
 PRlKEni'RE BEKOBE THE JIHTICE. 
 
 Warrant fOR Abstomdino Witnww. 
 Code 50B (0). 
 CHud* ) 
 
 ProTiiw* of , } 
 
 County of I 
 
 To an or «ny of tho conlUble. nnd oll.»r pe«oe olBoer. of th. county 
 
 "' Where.. C.I.. w» l.t.ly charged before K.F.,. J"*;"",' '''•';"')' 
 In .»d for the ,«.u oounty of ' m h^?™ f of 
 
 And where.., »pon th. be.rio. of the »id ^b.rge, .UL^of ^^ ^^ 
 
 r*i„« t.ke„ before the ..id E.F. (or o,»r,- J...llrr) l„ .ppe.r .od give 
 eiiden'e .t the tri.l {.,r kKring) of the ..id ch.rg. by the CoiM (»r 
 SIfo« the Ju.tice, ,«,<,)h,j hm) by -hieh (...■ hefm-. ,rl.am) th. ...d ( .1". 
 i. to be or eh.ll he tried. 
 
 iod »here.e inform.tion li.. been duly m.de in writing "nd on o.lh 
 before me '""'™"„ j„„i„, „, ,he PeMe in .nd for Ihe ..id Cooiity 
 
 before me ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^.,^^^^^, „ ,^„„, ,„ ,^„„„j ,„ 
 
 h.8 .bwonded . 
 
 The.e are therefore to commend you, Ihe ..id pe.ee officer., "''"O"'"" 
 o^ you, to t.ke ._he^..id O.H. .nd ."^bring^.nd h.ve him b,fo« m. on 
 
 S fountv rr" "" ''TbS ':ucro,he,'..u„ic.°or Ju..ic,. of '.i". 
 PeiwJ^ for" the wme County .. .h.li then he there, to .n.wer the ..id 
 matter, mid to be further de.it with Mcordilig to l.w. 
 
 Given under my b.nd .nd «e.i this dny of , A.D. 10 . 
 
 [S«.l.] 
 •i.P. County of 
 
 'I'lii- iirii-at iiinv lie umk in tlie HUlne way as arrestH ari^ 
 mack' tmilt'f an .irdinury warrant, anil the i.".tter will be 
 proceeded with in like manner: see p Wi: the warrant 
 Ling "hacked" as described at p. 1«5, if the witness is t« 
 be arrestcl in another county. The witness may be arrested 
 anywhere in t'anada ; and is to be brouKlit before the justice, 
 who will proceed to take t-vidcnce, and to hear all the parties 
 as liefoiv described in dealing with a criminal charge ; and if 
 from the evidence the justice is satisHed that the ends of 
 justice will lie otherwise defeated, he may commit the witness 
 to gaol until the trial, unless in the meantime the witness 
 produces sufficient sureties for his appearance : Code 3SW (6). 
 The warrant may be similar to Form Z. to the Criminal Coile, 
 making necessary changes to meet the facts ot the case. 
 
 The witness, upon being so arrested, is entitled to demand 
 and receive a copy of the information upon which the 
 warrant for his arrest has been issued: t^oile .598 (6). The 
 constable should therefore be furnished with a copy of the 
 information for that purpose. 
 
PKEUMINAKY EXPIRIES. |41 
 
 If the witrew. |,r<,.lud.N sureties f„r hi, .n,,„.u,aiir.. at the 
 
 smnlar to For,,, V. to th.. Crin.inal Co.!.., „uk,„« n^iar^- 
 chanKe,. and „„ oMer for his reh-a-o si„,il«r toVor.nTA 
 to the t nmmal Code, will he i».ued. The «itne».' sureti™ 
 may be « led on to justify „„,ler oath ,„ their .„mcircy in 
 the ftmii Kivcn. ante p. 0. "."iumy in 
 
 Copla. of pep08ltl0I18.-^A pe,-«„„ who has U.en coin- 
 
 bet re the ,„«1 „ ,,, copies of ,l,e de,K,Hi,in,„ a„,| of l,i„ 
 o«n st«t«»e„t, imm the justice, or oth m- otiicer who 1 «^ 
 
 PPoeaedtafs to be Sent to Crown Attorney. - The 
 
 mfon„HtK«,, dep„s,t,on, of witnes^.s. exhil.ils. the .'„,e„ e l 
 of the «^used (■ any,, ami ail re..op„i^a„ees, with an 
 depoH,tK>nH taken Wore a eoroner. are u, b.. transmittU b • 
 he j™t,ce to the county erown atton.er as soor ... „^ Z 
 after the aeensed has been con.milted : Code (iOO : R.JS.o/,! 
 
 • .?^— '^f"'"- t'"- coniniittal of the aeeuse-l for trial tlie 
 .|ust,«ha« no p„«-er to take bail, no n„t.er what the el ^r -e i" 
 
 .02-M)4. 1 hese sections do not authorize an or.ler for l«il 
 
 tat ™1 ^^fl"" "*•' "" '"'J™'-'"""" "f - P.-Ii"nnary en,,uirv 
 but only after commitment : R. x. Vox. l(i OR. -yoH. 
 
 Upon application teing „,«,le to a j„d(;e for hail the 
 
 ■•op es of all the papers to the clerk of Ih^ court to which the 
 
 DsKoode Hall. Toronto: ,w to the clerk of the CountN- Court 
 as the ca«e ,cay te. The p«.ket. seale,l and addressed ™": 
 
 ain ns such cop.es ,« to be delivered to the person apphin. 
 for them, for trans„„«,io„ : Code Ii04. For the peniltv f.^^ 
 neglect m this respect ,«.e Code (i(l4 (S). ' " 
 
 Ui>on a judges order for bail Ix-inj; brought before anv 
 
 wo,,ust.ces of the c-onnty where the actu^.l i' coIS^.^, th^ 
 r !r? T-' "•"* "f r *" ^ *■"•"' "P«" «'"■ prosecutor 
 ,Te nS,^*""""' "' "*" *■"' "»■ "'"■'^andaAires.sesof 
 
 e notE^f.™""'■'^/"''.''^''"' '"■"■ ""'^ Pl«ee stated in 
 the notice, the accused and his sureties are t.) b,- brought 
 
2+2 PBOCEIH-RE HEKOllE THI JIIMTirE. 
 
 bi-foro tlu. iurtie.--. who will take their recot!i.iw.i.CL. which 
 may Ik^ ill « turn. »ilnilftr t„ F.,rin B.B. to the Lrin.inal C.hIb. 
 Th.. ju»lic>.H may h..fore f.kiuK the nxivnimm,:, re(,uir« 
 tlu. ,.ro».««l mm.ti.« t-. be »v anJ •""''■'•.■>"'"." *■«''•" 
 
 of the pr.»HCUtor m to thei. ■ op.rty »>"1 liabllltl.H. ^.. 
 question can !»• put to th-n. pt a» to then- property and 
 
 u,e.n». The justices an- .lecide as to the «.ret.e, 
 
 sufficiency; and if ihey are not suHicnM.t, ..the,;8 n>u«t be 
 obtained, u..d the accused will nieantin.e re.ua.n ,n custody. 
 ITpou taking the recognizance of bail, the justices are to 
 i»,ue a warrant of deliverance Forn, f.C, to the ( n.n..»l 
 Code-see Cj-le «02 (2), and ti06, and tl« warrant o deliver- 
 ance, with the iu,lKes onier of bail .tt«ched--tode W)2 arc 
 to be delivere.; to the ffioler, who must forthwith release the 
 accused, unl.ss he is detained for some other offence: Code 
 tiO.5. 
 
 Surrender of Ball.— It,»tter the accused has been released 
 on bail, there is reason to believe that he is about to abscond, 
 one of the sureties, or some person by his authority, may 
 appear lie'-re any justice and lay an information m the 
 followiu); ■ — 
 
 Form or Inpormation, 
 
 Canada. 
 Proviuce of 
 County of 
 
 Th« infopmatiou of A.B., of the — 
 
 in the premises. (Sgd.) A.B. 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 (SBd.) K.L., 
 J. P., 
 
 County of 
 On hearing the facta alleged, the justice may issue a war- 
 rant for the re-arrest of the accuned : Code 606. 
 
 :l 
 
 of 
 
 in thi- 
 
HHELtMINARV ENQriKIES. 
 
 24a 
 
 CuwU. 
 
 Provlnee of 
 County of 
 
 WaKKAUT Tt) APMlEHKNIf. 
 
 rnder Codr imhj. 
 
 To all or nny o( llm lonitabloi nml l'e»ce omrera ot thii •uliI Coiuily 
 of 
 
 WlicrriiB A.b. mill t'.r>. w«rv on the day o( , A.U. II) 
 
 duly hound hy r«v>oin>ixnn<-e twfor. V., Kwjuirp, a .luBtice of tli« I'eace lii 
 and for the aald Connty ot , londilloncd for the oppoaranea of 
 
 O.H. (It the next ('..m-t of .■nmpcteiit juriadletiou {,«, im llir rtinr Mtiy br, 
 flillm-iHij iIk alnumn'y ,u llirab4»eiiifiirmnti<n\,<LBi tlien and there auf- 
 render hiniKlf into the .ii.tody ot the keeper ot the eommon gaol 
 at .in Ihv hnid l',,ui,ty, tuid pleHd to nueh indletnient as Nheuld 
 
 bo found ftjfain^t him by the K'«"d jnry, in reapeet of a eharxe upim 
 whleh he h*d theretofore been eotnmltted for trial, namely ! {ulaU the 
 charff >, and Htaiid lii« trial thereon, an<l not depart the maid Court with- 
 out l»a>e. And Wherena liirorniatlon h.\» been lbi> day laid before the 
 UBitersiKned K.I,., n .luBllee ot the Waee In and for "the aald County 
 »' • '■>■ ('"■. "" '"'"I'.f "fi the Raid A. 11. and C.l). (oi, o» Iht one 
 
 m/in I" I. Ihat there In rea»on to believe that the laid tl.H. i> about to 
 abscond for the purpoae nf evading jUHtlee in the premises. 
 
 •These are therefore to <>omniand vou the said Conatables, or other 
 JVjaee OIHeeri, or any of you, hi Ills Majesty's name, forthwith to appre- 
 hend the said tl.H., and to brinj him before me, or some other .luitlce 
 
 or .lustiees In mid for the siild County of 
 be further dealt with apeordiuR to law 
 
 tliven under my hand and Seal at thi 
 County u, , this day of 
 
 in order that he may 
 
 of in the said 
 
 , A.l>. 19 . 
 (S|{d.) E.F., 
 .I.P., 
 
 ("ouaty of 
 
 The waiTttut iimy \h- ii.xecutwl in the manlier dencriliwl at 
 p. l!i:t, tor the arrest cif the accuwii in the firat iimt4um 
 
 Tpon tlie acctiseil (and the priwicutdr, who sliould alno be 
 notified I lieing brouglit Iwfore tlie justice. •■vi<lelK;e will be 
 taken ill the usual way ; and if the evidenc. satistien the 
 justice that the ends of justice would otherwise bo defeated, 
 he may commit the accused to prison until his trial, or until 
 the accused pro<luces other sufficient surety or sureties in like 
 manner as befort' : Code Ii06. 
 
 Warrant or Cu.mmitmknt. 
 (Code mm). 
 Prorted an in (Ae nest prwMitifi ffirm down to the asterisk *. 
 And whereas I (or the said , naming the Justice who Isaued 
 
 tne abOTo warrant to apprehend) did Lliereunon isine my (w bia) 
 warrant to the Constables and all other Peace Ollleers for the said County 
 to apprehend the said O.H., ai, i brinn him before me (or the said 
 V J 1. °' J""* °"'" Ju«iee or Joatiee i in and tor the said County, to 
 be dealt with aoeording to law. 
 
241 
 
 PROCEDl'RE BEt-OBE THE JIMTICE. 
 
 And wh.r.M Ih. Mid <t.ll. hM •»•" ■'''"•^•"''.•''..T''" '„, Til. 
 w.rr.iil, ud l« now broiighl Mon me, tb. un.l.r.lgii«i. "n. ot III. 
 EiMtv'. Juntlce. of Ih. l' «o. In .nd tor th. .aid Cmnty of . jnd 
 
 l;idu..dd!E pr."n" ot .h. ..Id (1.11., th.t th. .nd. ot J».tlo. wo».d 
 otIi.rwiM b« d.t..t.d ; . , ■> 
 
 TbM. ira tb.r.tor- to comm.nd yon, th. ..Id '^""•'■';l«' °' '•"' 
 om.." In HI. Mni^ty. ...m,, torth.Ub to t.k. ""' •".•Jj,'°y„'.yt; 
 ••Id 0.11. to th. ..W pomiuon g.ol .t '., ,. ..j 1 l.-ih, 
 
 , .nd th.r. deliver lilm to tb- K~p.t lh.r~l; '""^ ' >"~^y 
 .omni.nd yon, Ih. ..Id K..p.r, to «^. v. th, ..jd '■»• l»'° '»»' 
 ciLtody In th. »ld common gwl, .nd bl.u, th.r. ••'•'' '° '"'',';"'," 
 hi. triil, or until h. produce, another .ulllol.nt .urety or .ur.ll». in 
 tbi. behiir. 
 
 Given, etc. 
 If other 8uretie» arc allowed to Ik Rivfii, and are pro.luce<l, 
 two jU8tice», without any further order, may taki^ a new 
 recognizance in the name manner a« U-fore, and iwiue another 
 warrant of deliverance : ncc ante p. 242. 
 
 2. Sumniari) ('onrUlioiiH hij Juatutt. 
 
 Under Dominion and Provincial Uw».-Suiuiuary trial*, 
 before juHtices of the peace, for offenceii aK»in«t the Crinnnal 
 Code or other Dominion laws, or under Imperial lawH in 
 force in Canada- a» to which »ee p. 34— are regulate.! by 
 H. 839, et »«;. of the Criminal Code. 
 
 Summary triala tor otfenceH against Ontario statutes, and 
 municipal by-laws, and other laws within the purview of the 
 Ontario legislature, are govenieil by R.S.O. c. !I0, ■ The 
 Ontario Summary IJonvictions Act." This Act provides that 
 the proceedings for recovering the jienalty, comp.'lling the 
 attendance of witnesses, herrii.g the case, the conduct of the 
 court, the taking and estreatirg of recognizances, and the 
 infliction of punishment, and otheiwis,. »» miieii of Wi 
 vnxeedintjH, arc to be the same as in cases under the Crinnnal 
 Code. So the practice and forms are to be the same, in 
 regard to the particular p.oceedings above specified, whether 
 the prosecution is under a Dominion or Ontario law. 
 
 Any amendments in this regard, to the Criminal C<)de, 
 passed subsequently to RS.O. c. »0, are also to be read into 
 the Ontario statute; but are not to come into force until 
 after the next ensuing session of the Ontario legislature, 
 after the passing of such amendmente : K.S.O. c. flO, s. 12. 
 In other respects than those above designated, the practice 
 in cases under Dominion law, and those under Ontario laws, 
 
HI'MMAKr I'llNVHTIllNK. 
 
 ■m 
 
 niK*r>l tri ciwtH, apppaU, witiivann) 
 
 ilitTor ; lui for iiiHtjinri', 
 and evjilt'iict-, etf. 
 
 Thv |)r<>otiiJiiiK« on n »iiminHiy trini In^fon. a jiKtiw are, 
 by C oili' KM, to !»• xiniilar us fai iw imic-ticalilu (ami iiccpt 
 OK van,.i| l,y ». 844, ,/ »•,,,) t„ th.»... |.n,viil.«l fur pivliminary 
 in<|iiirit'ii on inilictahlc ort'eim.H iuhIit m. M4. el «■</. 
 
 Kxcept ax iiolwl l»,|ow, tliu forH){i>in({ <lin«tionH, coin- 
 iiiiiicin)f at p. 1K5, ari' applicalili' to Kuniniury trialn in cawM 
 iiri<lrr Diiininioii laws, aH Wfll ax iimiIm- Ontario lawH. 
 
 •lurildletlOII — The sinnuiary jurisiliction of a juKticc ix 
 «(l„-ivfily Htatutoiy; ami ix lin.it«l to thox« nmt'tvn. over 
 wilted xiich jurixiJiction ix coiifi^rrn.] u|xmi liini, .■illii-r fxprcxxiy 
 or l,y II,.,.. xxary iniplit-atioi., in parti,.,ila!- nmtturx, liy xome 
 xtatute. K, iiout which h,. h«x no authority what<.v.-r to try 
 any niattiT xunniiarily, or to awani piniiahnicnt: K, v Carti.i- 
 .■5 O.K. (151 ; R. v. OaiK 21 I'.C.K. ri52. 
 
 Hut iiltliou((h th.' xtotut,., in a piutitulur ciixe. may n,it in 
 exprfxx tennx, givf tlic .juxtiw xuniniary .juriwiiction ; yut if 
 It provi,li-N n ln'nalty, ,)r punixhni.nt on xuniinory conviition 
 f,.r itx hruuoh, X, N4()(„),.r til,. Criminal CkIh ttppli,.x an,i 
 Kivfx a Juxti,-,. jurix-Iiction to il.ai will, th.. cax,. inuLr the 
 summary dauxex cjf tlir Criniinal C.li-: uikI hy R.S.O ,.. iio, 
 ■■<. 2. thi. xaniL' provixion ix upp|{,..| t.i ™x,.« umliT Ontari.^ 
 lawx: ('ull,.n v. Trimhli-, LK. 7 Q.R 4Hi, 
 
 In all coxex of xumiimry trialx. one jiixtice hax jurix,lit.ti,)n 
 unlexx the imrticular xtalut,. relating to the ortenc,. or iiitttt,.i' 
 l',.iHUri.H that it is to I*. Iiuanl Wfor,. two juxticex ■ ('„,!,. 84'' 
 (2); x,.t. R..S.C. ,-. 1, X. 7 (IW); R.SO. c. l'. x. 8 (22). When 
 two juxtiTOH are re,|uir>Ml, the whole of the trial unixt lake 
 place before them Iwtli, nctinj; t,ij{ether: Cxle 842 (») ((!)■ 
 K..S('. e. 1, X. 7 (.•).!); R„S.(). c, 1, x. 8 (22). ' 
 
 A conviction by one justice when a nuiKistrate or two 
 justices are ri'ijuired by law, ix invalid an,l will Ix. imuxhed ■ 
 R. V. Plows, 2« O.R. ;i:i9. 
 
 VVhere the •' prosecution" Ix reiiuireil to lie brought before 
 two justices, they must both Ik. prex,.nt when the -nfonnation 
 (Which IS the brinKiiiK or institution of the nroxecution) 
 IS laid : and they shoul,! both Iw named in it, and stated as 
 heinjt present together, but the information need only be 
 signed by one of them : R. v. Brown, 23 N.S.R p. 21 • R v 
 Wtinger, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 387. 
 
««C»OCOfY nsOlUTION IfSt CHMT 
 
 (ANSI <.r«l ISO TEST CMA«T No. 2] 
 
 1.0 \^t^ 1^ 
 
 ^ '" 88! 1.8 
 
 KiWJ^H^ 
 
 ^ /APPLIED IIVHGe In, 
 
 1651 Eon Uair. 
 
240 
 
 PBOCEDIRE llEFdKK THE JLSTICE. 
 
 •m 
 
 But if one jilsticu ucts iilonu in a case leqnirin}; two 
 justices, luul tile defendant Hppear« and defends without 
 olyection, it is waived : K. v. Starkey, 7 iMan. R. 4K!). 
 
 (Jenerally, one justice may receive tlie information and 
 issue tlie sunnnons (jr warrant, and issue the process for wit- 
 nesses, and do everythini; preliminary to tlie hearing, 
 although the statute retjuires the case to 1m; heard before two 
 justices : Code 842 (It), unless the pai-ticular statute relating 
 to the ottence otherwise directs. If two justices are required 
 to hear the case, and part of the evidence be taken K'fore 
 one of them, the second justice suUse()Uently attending, the 
 witness must be re-sworn and again jjive his evidence. 
 It is not sufficient that tlie evidence taken before the one 
 justice be read over in presence of the other justice; although 
 if that is done without objection the irrej;ularitv is waived : 
 R. V. Jeffreys, 22 L.T. Js'u ; Dixon v. Wells, 2.5 Q.Rl). 249, 
 distinguishing R. v. Hughes, 4 Q.B.I). (114. 
 
 Unless otherwise specially provided, by the statute relating 
 to the ort'euce, the justice who acts in the proceedings anterior 
 t« the hearing, need not be the justice or one of the justices 
 who try the case. Any justice may take the preliminary 
 proceedings, and the same or any other justice may hear the 
 case, and still another ju.stice may issue tlie process to enforce 
 conviction : Coiie 842 (.5) : R.S.O. c. 90, s. 2 ; see R. v. Duggan, 
 21 C.L.T. 3.5. 
 
 But the justices who act in any of the proceedings must 
 be justices for the territorial jurisdiction where the otience or 
 matter arose, unless otherwise provided by statute ; a justice 
 has no summary jurisdiction over an ofti?nee not committed 
 within his territorial jurisdiction : Code 842 (2). And juris- 
 diction is not conferred in such a case by the accused appear- 
 ing and defending without objection ; nor by waiver. 
 Jurisdiction over the subject-matter cannot be ccmterred by 
 waiver, or even by consent: Johnstone v. Colam, L.R. 10 
 Q.B. 544; see R. v. Brown, 31 N.S.R. 401 ; and p. 182, aiitr. 
 " Waiver and consent." 
 
 Any number of justices may hear the case, as all are of 
 co-oi-dinate jurisdiction ; but no justice is permitted to inter- 
 fere in a case of which another is seized, unless at the rec|uesl 
 of the latter: R. v. McRae, 28 O.R. 569; and see (iiite p. 140. 
 The alwve provisions of Cixle 842 (5), do not authori/.' 
 a justice to issue a sumUKms or warrant to apprehend, upon 
 
srSIMARV roxviCTrdN-s. 
 
 247 
 
 an i„f„,,„„ti„„ tukei, befor. „„„,1,,,. |„„tiee; „„,,„„. „.„,. 
 
 s der tlK. all....at,«„H of the oo,„,,lai„u,.t, a„.l ,l^i?L "h„the>- 
 Stmu., 23 OR. 4(i ' ' P' ^"^ ■ "«• "'»» R- v. 
 
 ie.T,„g upon justices the power to-order Vav.Mt nf 
 money demand; .such as the pavn.ent of wL''! °' " 
 
 to his employee: RSO c 157 s . *' " " """'''^'' 
 
 time as he has been absent: R.SO c ?.il sir "'^'''"°™' 
 
 unde/ oath : Code 845 2 1 , ' l"';',"'" '* "7"',""' '^" 
 
 stundi^ th/provi^ions of T^ *^«' 2 "'^.;: it;;r^:^- 
 
 form of warranter to tlie rrii„;„„i i j ""^ '«cital m the 
 mfor„,ation under oath hr.«' ctlU-TT """ *" 
 
 y.B. 8«»; R. V. MacDonald, 3 Cal; Cr. (C "w' ^'■""™'' ' 
 And ,f the particular statute on whicli tlie n«.. • 
 
 pen<on who charges another wtha„"Xce;o''n'/::i"' I'i^ 
 oath to the ,...,JUles of the charge, amrihrinf^rlilr^fo';..': 
 
248 
 
 I'lUK'FDlHE HEKOKE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 a matter of uxpudiency, hIiouM alwaytt bo under oatli or 
 affirmation. 
 
 For t'orniM of oath or afiirmatioii sec p. 225, tnite. 
 
 Tht' form of infortimtion or complaint i« provided in tlie 
 Mchudule to the Criminal Code; Form C, and the form oi 
 charge to Ije inserted, is j^r^ven under the several lieudM of 
 ort'ences iiifr". 
 
 By Whom Information may be Laid.— The information 
 need nvit U- laid by the prosecutor pei-sonally, Imt may be 
 hiid eitlicr by him, or his counsel or solicitor, or any other 
 person, by his authority : C'ode 845 (3). 
 
 As a jfeneral rule, any person may lay an information or 
 complaint ; but in cases of private injuiies, where compensa- 
 tion is w>u<;ht. the person injured must be the complainant, 
 or someone authorize*! by him : Paley, (ith ed., 73. 
 
 And where an act (as a trespass under the Petty Trespass 
 Act) must, to Ik' unlawful, be done aijainst the consent of the 
 owner of the property, the information must be laid on his 
 behalf, or at his instance : Ih. 
 
 A complaint ajjainst a tenant for fraudulent removal of 
 goods must be laid by the landlord, or someone authorized 
 by him : Paley 74 (<»)■ And in all cases where tlie particular 
 law expressly reijuiies it, the information must be laid by tiie 
 party acrgrieved. 
 
 Some otlencea can only be prcsecuted by or with the 
 leave of the Attorney-General or other functionary: see 
 <(nte p. l*j(i. 
 
 Any person may prosecute for an infraction of a municipal 
 by-law, and the prosecution need not be on behalf of tlie 
 municipality, even when the whole penalty goes to the 
 municipal corporation : K. v. Cliipnian, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 81. 
 
 Asrainst Whom Information to be Laid.— The informa- 
 tion must generally be laid against the person who actually 
 commits the act constituting the oft'ence. But in some cases 
 the charge must be laid against the employer and not against 
 the servant who is followit ■; his employer's instructions, or 
 who is acting within the scope of his authority, as in the case 
 of a street-car Iwing run without the proper guards, being 
 require'', by law : or. in the ca.se of dangerous goods being 
 sent by railway ; or locomotives being used on the highway 
 without the precautions re^juired by the law regulating them. 
 
SLMMARV COXVKTIDNS. 
 
 249 
 
 ■2^^ A.K. 55,f a'v' (^...il^^oTnr" """ ''" '■ '"•'■"""'■ 
 
 ™;^.™ V. ra..tn.„„ 0.%,, 1 Q.B. »i5 : u'^sl:!^^:^:^ 
 
 But if the uct eoii.plaiiH.,1 of was ,uel. tl„,f „ 
 «»»t.ntial, thu muster cmnot Ix. 1„.| Irel -k • "'" """ '" 
 the servants nmliee, ..rfor L fu ClW "'""T"^ '"'' 
 '» not responsible for death olusrfvH *-*""'; ^ '""■'''■■■■ 
 
 ir:i::.r»ri::;::t=^rF-i-- 
 
 p. l«l. "^^ ■^"' "P"" ""■■' ""''J'-'rt the ren,arks „„^; 
 
 .o^r.^tirsrii^sr:'^'^^^--,-- 
 
 Prior to the Dominion Act of limo c 4ti it «■„„ i i ■ ■ 
 ■"any eases that it was not sufficient fmth 'if '"''^ '" 
 
 conviction to Iw in tlie wnwl! f .i "'fomiation or 
 
 nature and OM.mtv of the „ "j ""'""'^^' '»" 'I'"* the 
 
 WiLson, 25 OR I- R ' ^"'l'''™''*"*''''^'^^ -^n'ie'-xon v. 
 .., -J u.iv. .11, K. V. Brad aw, :) Q H D (!07 • c »» n 
 V. Len.priere. 24 OBI) «'U R , , V "i^ W)7 . Cottenll 
 Rv.Npain,18 0R3«5 ' ^•^•^°"'™». ^'"^ OR. 248; 
 
 But by the >ct of 1900, c. 4« s «4fi-whi,.|, 
 force on 1st J v Hini if ;. r "*V7'*hich came nito 
 
 of any oHenc, the wnr;); " 'T^ """ "'" d™cription 
 
 ^ >"■ .«-o.-ds are sufficient: bu t i""di^s ^ ' T "7 
 
 Particulars slmuld b<. ordereil as nrnvi.l. I l r^ ., 
 ^»P«e.a.ly where the words descri^ O:^:^^-^^^: 
 
3S0 
 
 I'lidCEin-BF. HEFIIRK THE JCSTKE. 
 
 Jo iKit funiisli sufliciont infm- 
 
 ing Die woids ot Hie stntuti 
 iimtioii to the cK'teiidnnt. 
 
 Only One Offence to be Charjred. 'I'l'e intonuation i.i 
 
 complaint must K- for o.ie oHe.iee or matter °"^""'P'«!" 
 „,,,'. Code N4S(:i). All information or conviction winch 
 states a continuing ortence to have l«en eon.inltted on a 
 certain .lay and on other preyioUH d«y»^^ is f"' °'''y V"" 
 offence ; uiid is sufficiently d.tinite ; R. v. W illianm, 37 U.t.R. 
 540 
 
 But if more than one offence ir stated in the information, 
 n,.. ilefi-ct is one "in substance or in form withm the 
 Inlnrof "he curative sections ot the Co.le (847 and 8S;2,, 
 ami does not of itself invalidate an otherwise valid conviction 
 for only <me of the offences charged: K. v^ Bennett 1 O.K. 
 445 ■ R V. Hazen, 20 A.R. «3;) ; see Haley, 7tl. ed., 85. 
 
 IE however, the defendant objects on this ground, and 
 the justice nevertheless procecls to try l«th charges together 
 and' convicts on one of them, the conviction is invalid. 
 
 The justice should, on objection being taken, call upon the 
 prosecutor to elect which charge he «■"' F"j;,;\^, ^''^j. ^g 
 Hazen "0 A R. (133 ; Kodgim v. Richards (1892X 1 Q.B. Saa. 
 If however, several offences are stated in the injo-.mation, 
 and tiie justice proceeds and convicts uik>d one of them w-lth- 
 " t objection, the conviction is valid . it ;-■«•" ^-h;-'' 
 offence\lie conviction is for : K- v. CMndler 14 East 20 ■ 
 R. V. Hazen, «.'^.«, appi-oved and followed in R. ^. S'niitl,. 
 4(i IT.C.R. 442, and R. v. Hartley, 20 ().R. 481; see R^ v 
 Alward, 25 OR. 51!) ; R. v. Upiene, 1 Can tr. Las. 413. 
 But in a case where two offences were charged and a convic- 
 tion made, an,l one penalty was imposed but ,t did not appear 
 for which offence, the conviction was held to be ted, as i 
 could not be pleaded on a subsequent charge upon either ot 
 Z offences: R. v. Solomons, 1 T.R. 251 : R. v. Young, 5 OR. 
 
 But although two offences are charged, yet it it sufficiently 
 appeai-s tor whi '■ of them the penalty way"'l««"i. t'"^ ™"- 
 viction is valici R. v. IMiandler, 14 East, 2(.7 see R. ^. 
 Youn^ -"/'.v ■ but a conviction under the Indian Act or 
 givingand selling li.iuor to an Indian is not a conviction tor 
 to offences: R. v. Monaghan, 34 C,L.J. 55 ; nor a convic ion 
 ;or several acts on the same day tor practising as an apotla- 
 ;.ary without a certificate: Oxford Tram. Co. v. Sankey, 54 
 
.UK; IWthiih. 
 
 SIMMAUV IriNVII-rillXS. 
 
 .1.1'. .■)2, r)!^; s,T ul.„, |)„vis V. Limcli, .51 ,1.1'. 
 iiii'W V. WiHi'iimn, .51) ,1.1'. 4."),",. 
 
 If a lii'fi-nilmit is Ix'tiiie ii .jii.sticc nt iiiio tim.- for twcj 
 si'imnitc i.H'iMici-», till' jiLstiec must .li»|H)Hi. of tin- one Hi-»t 
 H-ii-d Ix'fure iiiteiiiiK upiHi the (itlii r, iis tliu il..ti-ii(lunt Iuih tlii' 
 n^lit u, liny Iji-iicHt wliieh iniKlit !.,■ ilfiiveil friiiii a iliHinixwil 
 of the first flmixi), and .■aeli t-ast- mu.-t stand unoii its own 
 niiiits : Hnniilton v. Walker, 2 i).li. 2."). 
 
 Anil this is »o, cvun if tin- cliai-jji's iii-e wimllv distinct 
 liom i-ach other, anil on sfpiiiati- infoiinations. Si'clion S,57 
 of thu t'riininiil Coili- iloi's not ailtliorizu an iidjiiiirninent of 
 one of thi- I'liBfs for adjuiliciition, and then |)iiweeilin^' with 
 anotliei- chai-j;e a^minst tlie .siiine pei-son W'fore such iTdJudi- 
 cation. If tlie justice rei|uin.s tiiiii. for consideration of the 
 Krst case lie nm.st adjourn the second one also, and not enter 
 H|xin the latter until he has dis|K)seil of the former ■ K v 
 McBerny (X.S.), 3 fan. t'r. Ciis :VM. 
 
 Section i)07 of the t'riminal Code piovides that no informa- 
 tion, summons, conviction or order, is to W- held to cliaiL'e 
 two offences, or to ]»■ uncertain by reason of the oHence beiii); 
 Bt,ited to have Ijeen committed in different modes or in 
 respect of one or other of .several articles conjunctively or 
 disjunctively : as for example, in chargin;; an oHl-nce umler 
 Code .508. the information may properly charge that the 
 defendant did cut, break, rixit up, or otherwise destroy a tree 
 ur sapling or shrub, without stating the offence more par- 
 ticularly: see K. v. Williams, :)7 TCR. .540. A ji-iti.e 
 cannot refuse to receive an information ; see imli- p. (ii In 
 this respect the provisions regarding prix-eedings for an 
 indictable oficncc apply. Upon receiving the information the 
 .lustice must hear and consider the comiilaimmt's statements 
 and adjudicate whether Here is or is not sufficient ground for 
 proceeding further with the case : see Code .5.59. which is 
 made applicable to summary trials by Code 843. If he finds 
 upon the facts stated that there is not a prima fur!,- ,ase he 
 should dismiss it without further piweedings. As to the duty 
 of the justice in this res])ect : see inilr p. IS!). 
 
 If the justice dismisses the case without further pixwced- 
 mgs, it is submitted that an appeal will lie from such 
 adjudication. If the justice decides to proceed with the case 
 he has then to consider whether a summons or warrant to 
 apprehend should be issued in the first instance ; as to which 
 see observations at p. HIO; and see O'Brien v. Brabner 4!t 
 
292 
 
 I'lKREDlKK HKKDUE THE JISTH K. 
 
 JP 221, dwiilinj! tluit .1 wuirant »l.ouM only U' .w.uhI n 
 ti,» flr»t in-tunc,. if « HUnnnons i» lik.ly to Um.." tn th.jl.f.ut 
 „r dday of justice ; sec also K. v. StuHonl-hiiv (.lus.), •) N. 4i 
 
 M. 04. , • I „ 
 
 A HUiuiMoim an.l not « warrant n.ust Ik, "«'>«' °"» 
 complaint tor payment of momy menly : P"l^'y. •'»" '^■" • '"'• 
 Process not to Issue without an Informatlon.-Tho 
 iustice has no authority to issue a warrant or sunnnons 
 without an information or complaint havn.K l«en hrs 
 properly lai.l before hin>, and he will be gudty ol grea 
 mi^onduet, and liable to an action for false napnsonn.ent, if 
 reTssTies a warrant without such informat.on : McGumess v. 
 Dafoe, -2- OR. 121, 23 A.R. 704. 
 
 Waiver. -If however, the information happens to be 
 detective, or even if there has been no information, 't w,ll be 
 waived by the defendant appeanuK and allowing the pro- 
 ceedings lo go on without objection : K. v. Clarke. 20 O^. 
 H42- K. V. Berry, 8 Cox, C.C. 121 ; K. v. Siminonds, « Lox, 
 Cx' 11)0 ; Eggmgton v. Pearl, 33 L.T^428 Paley, 7 h ed 
 ioo- K V sTmw 10 Cox, C.C. «6 ; R. v. Fletcher, L.R. 1 
 aC.'320 ; R V. Cimiue Ports (Jus.), 17 Q.B.D. 191 : Peck v. 
 lie Rutzen, 4(i J. P. 313. 
 
 •• If the defendant be present at the time of the proceed- 
 ing and heard all the evidence, and does not ask tor furthe 
 time to bring forwarc' his defence, this has at a tunes been 
 
 denied sufficient:" «■ - S'"-': ! ^-t; "'■>■ f° '^tr'^one 
 V Bennett 3 OR. 43, in which an mlormation for one 
 
 Offence was changed to another in the <l»f7^-'Xr"?e 
 and he was held to be rightly convicted of the latter see 
 also R. V. Smith, L.R. 1 C.C. 110; R. v. Crouch, 35 l.C.R. 
 433 ; R. V. Widdup. L.R. 2 C.C. 3 ; Stoness v. Lake, 40 U.C.R. 
 320 ; Dom. Coal Co. v. Kingswall, 30 N.S.R. 397. 
 
 Even if the summons or warrant is illegally issued and 
 void, as l»=ing issued without any intormation being laid, or 
 if the defendant appears without any proceedings, wdieth ' 
 voluntarily or under arrest without a warran (anj, 't is sa.d, 
 even it the defendant appeared by counsel, ™b j"^ J^^^ 
 
 l^Ln is before a ju: tiee who has jurisdiction over the 
 
Sl'MMARV CONVICTIONS. 25'i 
 
 vali.ltrialarl^I tir;,,,,. ' ""i^- ™"'l"™". essential to a 
 what „"«"„., o\'T "■ : '" "™""«''' '"' ""•"*'■ '>v 
 ..Henco Z: i! f • ■ •'""'"'"' . •"•'■"iict'oi. over the 
 
 ■lo «'th',he latt •„;;!; :;i'7 ■';■,'•-''' '"'- ""thin« to 
 
 Hon ,vin be valid, e4, if uii^.^" 2 •':^;;:;.''i,:r- 
 
 ■t« J.P. 343 R v'Z' rf,;,S»"";"«io"er»of Customs, 
 642; R. v Stone o..ro J" /'"■•* ^ li v. ('larke, 20 OR. 
 
 Can. Cr. Ca, 121 li v L, '^ JS' ^"y"'' <«C.\,R) 2 
 
 ia.s. ui . K. ,. tttn,t-er, :) Can. Cr. Cas. 3«7. 
 
 «nS^;::x:rt:xtr:;i:™':^::^;"^^-''-T'^-.>"- 
 
 .i-eice-s jurisdiction: see R, v .Mi, a ^'o'/jTA'™' '" "'? 
 required In- kw ■ an, f.'-' '""" "■• '" ""= """»ler 
 
 ".ieotson"h;\cl. Sri: t,r^o^d'f "^""'•''■^'r''^ 
 
 .■«o Blfke^^^J^^ec^'l Ex ^„' 32''o''ld «""' '"^- "^^ '"* \''^- 
 void if tiiere was no ,n,„J. ' j , "conviction will be 
 
 informed of trecharrirr ""1 "'" ''''''"'^''"' ^^ "<" 
 requested: R.,:Hopfm67»p"°^f™" ""^ '" '^'f-''' '' 
 
 Cr. Cas. 233; Miller v. Lea, 2 cL S Cal'2V- ' ' ''''"■ 
 
W4 
 
 IMlix KlllKK IIBtOKK TIIK .IISTHK 
 
 And h.. h«H ..n juriwlictioi. to ainet.;l >'y »;'>»'""'"'« » 
 third party in ll.« ...lumotw ; Oxford I ran.. Co. v..Sanke>. 
 34 J.l'. .V2, 564. ■ 1 „,, 
 
 Bv ('.»!.. S4fi, none of the <l.-focts tl|..r. n,cut.nn..( ar^ 
 v.li.l-ohiectin„H to any inlonnation or .■"";■• I'.™;-'""-; ™ 
 it th. iu»tic.. dc.t.n.» it n,.«,»snry to a fair tnul. I e ■"to order 
 l»rll.cr particulars an to the charK^.to W furnished to supplv 
 
 The principal upon which the .justice nhould act n. ord. r- 
 i„„ n,utieular» is, '• to «ive Mich information as ,s snihc. nt 
 ""erbbtho detendantNairly to defen.l hi.nselt : mt^ on -^he 
 
 :r/^'t:2:^^!"c:v'nrrKi'st:;:;i!;:;:^c:;i, 
 
 CC 69 ; K. V. Kycroft, 6 Cox. C.C. 76. 
 
 ■ (In an application for ,«.rticulars the defen.lant shou d 
 furnish an arthlavit denying knowledge of the accusation : K. 
 V. Stapylton, w('/*c«(. 
 
 Form of Affidavit kor Particclabs. 
 
 Canada. \ 
 
 Provinee of • f 
 
 'Tn'hl matte, ot .0 in.orm.tl.a b, A.B. «.in.t CD. for .««,, ,*. 
 
 IC.l..,ofth. «' , lath. County <.< 
 
 (o«i inoli.)»l, make oath •»! ••y:— 
 
 1 That I am the aboT. namod doteudant, CD., herem. 
 
 ffimation to e»ablen.e to meet the .a.d charge. 
 
 i.t.vi'rr^b"'' to °ii -''^^^^ '«•• «■ '• ^"'^'"'°' ' '"■ 
 
 C.C. 69.) 
 
 Sworn, etc. 
 
 Ill 
 
MIMMAIIV niNVHTIONW. 
 
 S58 
 
 Def jott In SubiUno. or In Form. - ,«k. w ,,rovi,K., 
 
 1. tin,,, when ho oHlmco „ „tato| t„ |,av„ !„.,.„ ,.„„„„itt,.,l 
 .f th. ,nf„r,„«t„,n «a« in r„c, l„i,| ,vi.l,i„ ,|,, ,i,, ,. iS, ' 
 
 thf .M 1,.,„. ,!,„«., that it wa« ii, f,.,., ,.„„„„itt,.,| „i,|,i, 
 
 .-uch that th,. ,k.f,.,„lam ,va.s ...inh.,). ,1„. iusi ,', 1 , ,, 
 
 i^onabi. ten.,,, adjour,. th. ca,„ „. ,„,„. f,^;;,;:',,;:':";^ji;: 
 
 By Co.J.. 882, .,„ up,M.„l is l„ |„ all,,,,.,.,' „„ a.n- ohi,.,.,i„„ 
 
 "' fonn, or any variance W-u,,,.,, \u..,» „„,! ,|„. , i i,' , 
 u" e« , , th,. objection wa, taken Ix.for,. Z u t <v I,' ' " 
 
 it wa.s shewn to the justic,. that the de,'. , t «a, l" eiv,' 
 
 ov m.,e,l; and (.1) the Justice retus.,! to acljo,, n t , c, , 
 ..ome future day. On toth the co„tin«enrie h> , u (o 
 the justice must adjourn the ca.>ie. I'lanut.) 
 
 Pro(!edure.-The provisions of ss .558 ,7 „.„ ,1, 
 Cr„„„,al tVxle rehUini to the issnin. a ,d servi '„,, , 
 .nouses (see „nlr p. I!,o, and e.Keemion of w,rrrnts „ 
 apprehend (n„le p. I(.;i), aud lon.peliinK tl„. a, ara ce 
 
 P -5) apply also in a case of summary trial ewnt a, 
 varied by s«, S44 ,■( ,«y.: fo-ie 84;i. "^ 
 
 And the same ss. 558 el ,«,., „,,, applied by R.SO c '10 
 . 2, to proceedings tor oHences under Ontario statutes' T e 
 
 •lelendant and warrants to arrest, a-d other forms are .nven 
 at the end of the Criminal Code, i\. ,s A to H an. K 1% 
 As to searcli warrants see ante p, 18 l^r.Wms^n tlfe 
 Criminal Code Amendment Act, 1(100. 
 
 procSTr""'""^ eorporation may he a defendant in a 
 
 CoTcC^^V R t"'^!"";"^'""'^ ■'^""■"•^- '■ t'l'i'worth, 17 
 box, L,C, 55 ; R. V. Toronto Ry,, 30 OR. 214 : 2 Can Cr Cas 
 m ; over-ruling R, v, Brennan, de.-ide,! in June I890 l^t 
 laoTst ' ""^ *«""g»-'"«S «e Chapman and Londo^! 
 
we 
 
 PRIXEIlURi: Bi:>»BK Tin; MHTIlE. 
 
 Sinif.' "f » will""""" "'■ « ""i-I"""''"" '"*>■ '*■ """''■ '.;" 
 
 ,1,.. ,„..vnr, or ci,i.f .,rti..,T of 11... ""•1'"™'"."' ;.;;' '"' iT 
 
 K V, •r.;,-...,t.. Kv. (•..., -"/.." Am.1 h...;^. «..•«<•.. w K-' »' 
 C01I.I..0.. I..W : N.«l'.v V. t'olt, 1- K. 7 g.B. ill.l. 
 
 Tl... .•.,iivi.ti..i. iiK.iii.»t « <H.ri».rnti..i. m" o"ly '»• '•>.«■.''■■■'■" 
 by .li«lr..BH wamiiit : R. v. Toronto Ky «o , «"/"•■' 
 
 Thf .,.i.»tioi. .»» t.i 1..IW tar ..1..I ii. Lat <."«•» " ".n""-'.'- 
 tion i, liUl. t,. U. ..l.»>«...lm.nim.ny uu« 1«..M. .n,o..rt«... 1. 
 
 r,.<-,>.t .«».■ of K. V. l-i.ioi. CoUu.ry l'<..(S..,>. ( t B.( . ,.t (an. 
 Cr 'us .-.i;! tl... .l.cwion i.. which h..« !»•. n «thrn>.sl hy th,- 
 
 ,h.ci.l«l tial a coriioration. whilu it cannot iHttiilty ol 
 , > hu. htc, ...ay )», in.lict«l un.lcr VoU' 252 for huviny 
 cm r« i,.vo,m iKHlily in.i»'y hy on.ittinK t.. n.an.tan. .n a 
 ^s^ , co,^Vtion, a hri,l«^, wi.icf, it was its ..„,y 'o- ■■-;;-;: 
 a„.l this, n«twith«lan.iinK that .Icath «.suc,l at^ o. cc t. u 
 ; rson HU-taininK the injury. TIjIk ca™. a. optK tl.; . hs 
 r.rn,«l«t,..l hy ThcsinKcr, L.I., in .''''*':"7,'=™,\'™ ,'7^,' ' , v 
 Um.loi, a>..l Hrov, Supply A«»oe.«t.on o ^i« l'„»\,; •';,'> 
 which to ,l.....nninc whether the tern. ' prson •'« '-l •;^^ 
 lent to tl... t..ri.. "one ' as ..Hwl in tl... Crin.ii.a t o.le), liabi, 
 o L c."victe,l of oH-e,.ce» un.ler the CMe, i"elu.los oor,K.r.j- 
 tioiiH. Tl.e».. rul™ are : That the lern, " p..r»on will inc.i.h 
 a ^rporation, (1. if that *-" i« e.pr..>«ly in erF..t«l^ - 
 incl.i.inu corporation-. ; or (2) if the context of the -.tatut, 
 c^tl ihewsThat they are ii.clu.le.1 : or (S) '^^l^ttt 
 Hcoi).. of the statute p,-..en.ptonly rciuiie thein to h. »o 
 rnXlcl .u„l the contJx. does not clearly negative a con- 
 struction to that effiH=t: se.. also |».n....™se " "W »' '^ J^P J' 
 Cas 8(i!l. Upon the subject of the crin.inal liability of coi 
 ..mti'ms see'i^hishohn v. IX-H"". 22,\? '>-^" ' ^^^1^ 
 V \V.ide (M»4), 1 Q.B. 574; Bank of N >• W. v Piper W. 
 h ,1 P f , 70 ; R. V. Birininghain, 3 Q.B. 231 ; Neville v. Fine 
 Arts Asilciation ,1«»7,, A.£. 68 ; R. v. Ureat fy^}^-^. 
 fo., » Q.B 314; R v. Unite.1 K. ^„,':=',<^- \''^tit orth. 
 R. V. London (ias Co., 2h. & h H04, »t»™y „ 
 
 17 Cox V.C. 5« ; R. V. Toronto Ry. U 30 OR. 214 , K. %. 
 n- r «,. I'n 'V, CLJ 422; R.V.Toronto Ry. Co., 21 
 Toronto Ky. Co., .1.) ^■l.i. f" t " „ ^ „ p 
 
 i- UT I'O R. V. Wooflstock Elec. Light Co. 4 Ca . Or. Cas. 
 107 R V (he,it West Laundry Co., (Q.B. Man.) 3 (an. (r. 
 (;as.'514; K. v. Tyler (1891), 2 Q.B. 588. 
 
SI MMAHV rnwic rilixs. 
 
 157 
 
 l".vi,.« ,|,.|„,,..,| .,|,,e«.l„.|-,. i, > „ V I, i'l, ' "■ ''.'■''•'I''"!" 
 
 :■:l:i:;;;;-c:^!;;I;■::::r^^^--•■C■:i:';; 
 
 th.ll I.. ,.v,.,.„t...l i., .1 '■ ' '■ "'" »"™»t MIUV 
 
 • "•11 i» ,.x,.,.|it<..| in tlic ciinitv « „.iv ■• l„,,.k,.,l " „,„i .i. 
 cinstalilf ■■,„■/„,„„,/„/*.',■ ,,,.,-, ,•■ I '"'"'''"'-I. 'O K 
 
 .■Nt,.,„iv,. ,„,„.„,, ,„ ,. „„i..,. .„ ,.,.,' - «^- 2;!:^ 
 
 uiiiv th.. ,iriv,t ot witiif»»i.,, .„,t .mlv i>. il.H l„Li:. ■ ^7 ' 
 
 ;- iin.vi,,,.,.. ,,„t „„j,„,..,... i„ ,-.„;i"' ,c::;;r:-;^ 
 
 l"-";''»;;n« the ,.vui..„c.. „f ,. ,vit„..,s wh,, i. ,,l Ti . '"""^^ 
 
 ""• ;:' "* "' <•»*•' "f p'-i .an- uii-i,.,^ ,„„„ , 2o; ■" 
 
 It, homner, th,. oocuse.l iloes not ..[,p,.«r prmmallv or In- 
 
 Ins «lH,.n(M., or i^^ue ,, warrant to arrest hini: tV»k. 833 
 
 «,.rvH,l' m!"'^"''" '^"'"^ "" 'l"-' "■''''■■"•^' "f "'^' constable, ttl.o 
 
 ■at tl;. i ';'';■"" '" ""^^ ■•«"i»faetion .if the justice 
 
 I tl, „mn.o„, wa«,lulj-serv.e,l inthetnanner re,|„i™l bj 
 
 i . Tr '""" ''■ '•'-• ■""' <-'»J" ««). a r.a.s.jnaWl. 
 
 nne ». ore that appointed for the hearing: Co<l,. «M As 
 >.■ what i.s miHieient proof: see „„„ p 192 What is a 
 
 In R V. Eli, 10 O.R. 727, the sunnnons was served almost 
 
 Xtdt ';,•"'''" "1 I""'*-'" "f "- court the jus": 
 rtlused to adjourn, and the court on application to quash 
 
268 PROCEDURE BEFORF THE JUSTICE. 
 
 the conviction, held that the proceedings were contrnry to 
 natural justice, and in excess of the justice s jurisdiction. 
 
 In R. V. Smith, L.R. 10 Q.B. 604, a siin.inons was served 
 on the defendant's wife on 10th March for trial on lAli 
 March, the defendant being at the time at »<■» ''^ .^sher . an 
 and only returned after the justice had conv-icted him, and i 
 wa. held that there was no evidence tlmt the summons ha 
 teen served a reasonable time under the circumstances and 
 S therefore, the justice had no J"'*^-''"" '° -"™J ";; 
 defendant. In this case it was said by Cockburn C J., n 
 mving iudgnient •■ To convict a person unheard isadangei- 
 ous esercist of power, there being the alternative « issuing 
 a warran to anLt. Justices ought t<, be very cautious how 
 thly proceed in the defendant's absence, unless they have 
 ' ery strong grounds for believing that the sumi.ions reached 
 him If tesummons is not served pei«.nally the nature o 
 it must be explained to the person with whom it is left. In 
 t he Xence o the defendant and of the clearest evidence to 
 satisfy the justice, not only that some one was duly served 
 to the defendant, but also of circumstances going to shew 
 hat he summons'has without doubt reached him, the justice 
 should adopt the alternative course of issuing a warvnnt to 
 arrest see R. v. Mabee, 17 O.R. 194 ; Ex p. Donovan, 3 Can 
 Cr Cas. 286 In B. v. McAuley, 14 O.R. 643, it was held 
 that service on the defendant's wife, and a conviction m Ins 
 ateence, and without the summons having been shewn to have 
 come to the knowledge of the defendant were under the 
 particular circumstances of the case valid; ""d -e R ^^ 
 Cambridgeshire (Jus.), 44 J.P. 168 ; Culverson v^ Melton, 4 
 P & D 445 ■ 12 Ad. & E. 753 ; Ex p. Hopwood, 19 L.J.M.e 
 197 in' which a summons was served in the afternoon, reuu-n- 
 able next morning. When defendant's solicitor appeared an.l 
 ^kedtn adjournment, which was refused, and the solicitor 
 £ saw he had no alternative but to submit to a convic ion ; 
 the justice then proceeded to hear the case, and the coumc 
 tion was sustained. . 
 
 In proceeding in the absence of defendant, the justice can 
 only dL with the case as laid in the information and .sum- 
 mons and no material amendment or change can be made in 
 them' or at least, not such as in any way alters the character of 
 the char™ ■ t ■ p. Doherty. 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 84 And, ni such 
 ase the%ice must take the evidence and priced with the 
 same foniality as if the defendant appeared, and cannot con- 
 
SI'MMARV COXVICTIO.VS. 
 
 259 
 
 Vict without sufficient evidence. The defendant , In,. . 
 confess the otfence by hi, default: Pal^y «th ed 103 "' 
 
 pr«,f of the service of the summons, issue a warrant" for his 
 arrest, and adjourn the case- Cod,. H'^'t ti ""'"■'"' "'» 
 and fom,, will'be similarrtholel:,::-^ at';. ?r^'*"«" 
 If the defendant appears, but the prosecutor after h,-,vin<r 
 due not.ce does not, the justice may ,lisnu.,s the cas^. wi, , r 
 without costs: Code 834 and «57(;j,: or n.ay X.n ' 
 
 miatr **" ''' ---t^^'-rul:!rs;;: 
 
 Form of Notice to Priiskci-tor. 
 (.J,° ,tn" °' '" '-""""»■>» '»« "y A.B. again,, CD. f„, ,a„, 
 
 not'::°hLMhtr.rr„roi zziti^^-^ "r""^"^ -""■"•• "■ '«■"' 
 
 Bigned, will take place at ° ab""n.e„t,o„ed, before Ite „„der- 
 
 County of , at the liour of ' „„ "' ,^ ■ '" «"> 
 
 0' ,A.D. 19 , ' ""' day 
 
 Dated this day of , a.D. 1!) 
 
 E.F. 
 JuHtice of the Peace, 
 County of 
 
 Notice is required by Code 8.H to be <dven to the 
 prosecutor, and should be in writin.r It ,„„«T i ■ 
 
 given, and duly proved to havrC^giv™, ? urtlmr^d 
 manner and form, before proceeding" i„ the c^pla tint's 
 al«ence, under this section of the Crfminal Code. As o the 
 meaning of the word "due," sec Gibson v. People 3 Hun 
 543 ; Anderson's Diet., 385. ' 
 
 If the prosecutor does not appear, not desiring to proceed 
 with the case, the justices may nevertheless pr,Ld wklHt 
 as If he were present; and if the prosecutor is a necel'arv 
 witness the case may be adjourned and the prosecutor 
 ummoned and compelled to attend by the same pr«esrs as 
 an ordinary witness would be: Ex p. Bryant, 27 J P 277 
 As to allowing cases to be compromised see i„/,'„ 
 
 as If they were both present: Code 857 (2): Palej. 6th ed 
 107, and may hear the evidence, if anv i.s offered and e ther 
 dismiss the case, with or without costs, or on" e he 
 

 260 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JCHTICE. 
 
 duteu.lant and award punishment, proceeding witli Die same 
 formality as if both parties were in attendance. 
 
 If lK)th parties appear, either personally or by counsel, 
 the iustice is to proceed to hear the case : Code Soo. 
 
 if the accused appears to be under sixteen years old, the 
 case is to be dealt with differently from one against an older 
 offender : ace " Juvenile Offenders." 
 
 At the hearing of the case the justice is, in the Brst place, 
 to state to the defendant or his counsel the substance ot 1 e 
 chav<'e -. and the defendant is to be then asked if he has any 
 cause to shew why he should not be convicted, or ,*^,y the 
 order asked for against him should not* be made, as the case 
 may be ; Code 856. , , -, .v„ 
 
 It the defendant, by himself or his counsel, admits the 
 
 charge, and shews u„ ™ffifi^"t ™"f »g»'"^' '""y'^'r '^ l); 
 iustice may convict or make the order: Code Ho6 (2). ih." 
 dTfendant^may plead guilty through his counsel m his 
 abstuce; but if counsel, who really has no authority to do 
 L pleads ™ilty on the defendant's behalf, the conviction is 
 invalid ; Rv. Aves, 24 L.T. 04. ^ , ,, u 
 
 If the defendant does not admit the ti-uth of the charge, 
 the iustice is required to proceed to take the evidence on 
 behaH of the prosecutor and the defendant, in the same 
 manner as in the case of taking evidence on a prel.m.naiy 
 nouirv : Code 856 (3). The proceedings and forms in p.o- 
 cuh "the attendance and taking the examination of witnesses 
 Z\ Taking evidence are to be the same as in prehm.narj 
 inimiries under Code 590, as described, ante p 204. 
 
 The hearing on a summary trial is to be an " open and 
 public court," and the general public have a right to be 
 present so tar as the place can conveniently contain them. 
 F;<^e H49 Subject, however, to the powers conferred on 
 hSices to preserve order by excluding anyone improperly 
 iea'"ig hhnself : Code 908. As to the powers of magis- 
 trates aSd justices in preserving order in court see p. 176. 
 
 Exclusion ol Publlo.-By the Dominion Statute of 1900 
 c 46, new s. 550 (a), the justice is empowered to ordei that 
 the public be excluded in any case in which the J»«'';« ' "* 
 ODinion that the same will be in the interests of public 
 mC°s The justice may, at the request of either party, 
 "der witnesses out ot court, as in preliminary inquiries : see 
 p. 179. 
 
SUMMARY CONVICTION'S. 
 
 261 
 
 be a I ^».,?,"*i."''f"'/";, '=''""**'— '^'"^ defendant um,t 
 
 tlie lullest opportunity to examine and cross-examine tl.e 
 witnesses by liw counsel : Code 850, 
 
 By 8 2 of Code 850, the right of both parties to have the 
 ease conducted by their counsel is expi^ssi; «iv™ hut 
 
 ?o t°;y na'rties^"' P™'"'' ""' ""'"'' '" «-™ ■-onable'dd: ■' 
 toi the parties to procure counsel, the justice is not bound to 
 adjourn the case for that purpose: R. t Bij;gi„,, 3 L 'J' m. 
 R. V. Cambridgeshire, 44 J.?. I G8. ^.^uoj. 
 
 Both parties are entitled to have the fullest latitude in 
 
 epilation, *'"'™"' ""^"'' "" '" '''^ -or- ot such cross- 
 Cross-Examlnation of Proseeutor.-A prosecutor who is 
 
 a witness is not bound to disclose on cross'^exai "na io. the 
 source of his information on which he laid the chin e f " 
 his answer does not tend either to prove or disprave t e 
 charge, and is irrelevant : R. v. Sproule, 14 O.R 375 
 
 He IS bound however, to answer ,,uestions touching the 
 alleged disquahheation of the justice by reason of interest 
 
 ailed r """/'"■ "' ?"^ V""'^ ">« J"'"^" himself n lie 
 called as a witness, and is bound to answer questions upo,° 
 tW any other relevant point in the case:\. v. S^ill" 
 
 As to the position of the justice in this regard, and as to 
 
 Witnesses for Defence. -Natural justice, as well as 
 orTdeflAoT'"""' n"* f -i'-ssesilhould'heexlii: 
 theaten/ f ''" ""'" *'• ^°' "'" P™««=''tion,«nd even in 
 the absence of any pi-ovision, such witnesses are admissible 
 and must be heard : Re Holland, 37 U.C.R 214 ■ R T wish 
 mgton, 46 U.C.R. 221 ; R. v. Grant, 18 O.R 169. 
 
 A refusal to hear a witness for the defence will invalidate 
 the conviction : R. v. Sproul, supra. 
 
 But the defendant is not to be deemed to have been 
 denied his right to make his full answer and defence, nere^ 
 
 evid^eTf f. ' J™""". '"'^^"*'' ^""'"^' """^ ''ear ng Z 
 evdenee for the prosecution, that the denial on oath by the 
 defendant, of the fact, already in evidence, would notdt^r 
 
262 
 
 1>R()CEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 ii r 
 
 his opinion of the defendant's guilt 
 Cr. Cas. 410. 
 
 R. V. MacGregor, 2 Can. 
 
 Taking Down the EvldenbO.-The evidence is to be taken 
 down in writing bv the justice, or someone in his presence, 
 and appointed by him ; and it must be taken in the pre«.nce 
 of both parties: Code 590 (2); Denault v. Kobida, Q.K. 10 
 S.C. 199. 
 
 The evidence need not be signed by the witness: Code 
 8.5G (3) ; and see Ex p. Doherty, 3 Can. Cr. Cas 310 
 (N B ) ■ but it aliould be signed by the justice, as in prehmin- 
 ai-y imiuiriea; but this is merely directory and if not done 
 its oniiUion will not affect the conviction : Ex p. Danaher, 27 
 N.B.R. 534. . . 
 
 If however, the depasitions are signed by the justice, 
 thev may be used on an appeal to the sessions, if the witness 
 is then dead, or out of the country, or too ill to attend : see 
 o.nte, " Appeals." And they may be referred to on a motion 
 to .luash the conviction, it properly taken: Code 889; K. v. 
 MacGregor, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 410. 
 
 The .vidence should be taken down fully and <:a'^«"l'y' 
 as in preliminary inquiries: sc3 as to this, arife p. 228. 
 Section 831 of the Code requires the evidence to be taken on 
 oath or affirmation. The expression "oath includes affir- 
 mation:" R.S.C. c. 1, 8. 7 (2); R.S.O. c. 1,8.8 (18): see 
 Canada Evidence Act, 1893, c. 31, s. 23. 
 
 After the evidence for the prosecution and defence has 
 been taken, the prosecutor has generally the right to give 
 evidence " in reply ;" but he has not that right it the defend- 
 ant has not adduced any evidence in defence, except as to his 
 previous good character : Code 850 (3). 
 
 Adlournment.— At any time before or during the hearing 
 the iustice may adjourn the case to a time and place to be 
 fixed and stated in the presence and hearing of t.. parties 
 (or their solicitor or agent: Proctor v. Parker, 12 Ma,n. K. 
 528) or in the absence of either, on their failure to attend : 
 but no adjournment can be made for more than eight days at 
 any stage of the proceedings, except when the justice adjourns 
 to consfder his judgment: Code 857; or except by consent 
 but if the defendant consents, he cannot afterwards object to 
 a longer adjournment: R. v. •fieffernan 13 O.R. p. 626 , R 
 V Hazen 20 A.R. 633, which over-rules R. v. French, 13 
 6 R 80 ■ and it the defendant appears on the adjourned 
 
SUMMAttV COXVICTIOXH. 
 
 ses 
 
 heanng he cannot object; but if he did not con,sent to an 
 adjomnment tor more than eight days, and doe« not apnea" 
 '^!-onnd;t '^' "" P™^""""*?" «"' ''>" toThe 
 
 The adjournments will be assumed to have been re.mlar 
 unless proved otherwise : Proctor v. Parker, 3 Can. Cr.Cas"m 
 
 rn,J'«%'^-i°""?f' ™ ," ™»""'"y trial, provided for by 
 Code 857, IS not for eight de„r days; and in this res,«ct 
 wlS Z:u"f ■°.P':'"f™y inqiirie«, under CodeTs 
 which may be for eight clear day.s: see p. 206. There wil 
 
 1st to the 0th of the month ; while eight clear days would 
 
 1 O b"i ," R '«""' lO'J'i K-d-^'ift^ V. Bartholorae,^ (SJ 
 1 y.b. 161 ; Re Sams and Toronto, 9 U.C.R. 181. 
 
 The time and place to whi.i- .he case is adjourned must 
 tje announced to the parties at the time. 
 
 „n, ^''^'*' "^T' '^'',' ■"" '* -™"""^ '° Jixcharge a defend- 
 ant from custody on the ground of unreasonable adjournment 
 and remands : K. v. Cox, 16 OR. 228. ""journment 
 
 Adjournments should be for good and sufficient reasons • a 
 .lusfce has no authority to direct a prisoner to be sTl^^k 
 j» prison merely to su t the justices convenience ; and he wili 
 
 wit rthe%aVr'"'T/'"".™ •^°'°-- "" ■"-' '■"'- P --" 
 with the ca,e himself, or direct the accused to be taken before 
 another justice : Grey v. Customs Commissioner, 48 J P 343 
 
 It is no objection to a conviction which is reimired to be 
 til, Lh .'"" J"'"-:^«<"' -hi^h case Code 842 (6)^7 
 WW o r r ™"'' '''/T™' "'""- *°««ther duringTe' 
 «ho of the hearing and determination of the case) that 
 during the proceedings a remand has been made byTn y le 
 oi them: R. v. Menary, 19 O.R. 691. ^ 
 
 The justice on adjourning the case may remand the 
 accused to gaol, or may take a recognizance of bail with or 
 without sureties; Code 857(4); ,ee%. 206, as to remands 
 
 oj the Act of 1895, provides the proceedings to be taken 1^ 
 estrea^the recognizance on defeifdanfs no^-appTarancron 
 
 At the conclusion of the evidence the justice must hear 
 Code 8o" """^ ""■ '''^"' ~"'"^' "' ">««■'<>' h^r to Ly • 
 
864 
 
 PROCEDURE IIEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 I; 
 
 After considering tlic wliole matter the justice is to pro- 
 ceed to determine tlle same and eitlicr dismiss the case or else 
 convict or make tl>e order against tlie defendant : Code «o8. 
 If a justice or magistrate tries more than one cliarge against 
 the defendant on the same occasion lie must adjudicate upon 
 the one first heard before proceeding with another, and can- 
 not reserve it till he lias heard the other case or cases : R. v. 
 McBemey, 29 N.S.B. 327 ; R. v. Evans, (12 L.T. oTO. 
 
 The justice may adjourn the matter to consider his judg- 
 ment : Code 857 ; but must in the presence an<l liearing of 
 both parties, or their counsel, fix a time and place to announce 
 his adjudication. He cannot adjourn the case siiic <lir. and 
 then give judgment in the absence of any of the parties, 
 without previous notice to theui ; and if he does so the con- 
 viction will be invalid : Therrieii v. McEachren, 4 Kev de 
 Jur. 87. The parties have the right to be present, in order 
 to protect their interests r R. v. Hall, 12 P.R. 1*2 ; K. v. 
 Morse, 11 C.L.T. 342 ; R. v. Mitcliell, 17 C.L.T. 352. But if 
 at the time and place fixed they do not attend, he may adju- 
 dicate in their absence : R, v. Quinn, 28 O.R. 224. 
 
 The adjournment to consider the judgment may b.' for 
 more than eight days at one time, if the justice sees fit, dirter- 
 ing in that respect from an adjournment during the progiesa 
 of the case : R. v. Hall, 12 PR. 142 ; R. v. Alexander, 17 U.R. 
 458 ; R. V French, 13 O.R. 80, distinguished. 
 
 Adludloation.— The justice must not only announce his 
 adjudication, but must « ake a memorandum of it on the 
 proceedings, before leaving the bench. The formal record of 
 conviction, or order of dismissal, may be drawn up at any 
 time afterward: Code 859. But if, instead of making a 
 memorandum of adjudication, the justice then and there fills 
 out and signs the formal conviction, or order, the latter sutfi- 
 ciently takes its place, and the memorandum need not be 
 made : Ex. p. Flannagan, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 513. 
 
 The defendant may waive the objection that the adjudi- 
 cation was not announced in open court : Chase v. Sing. 6 
 B.C.R. 454. 
 
 A justice cannot, after adjourning a case for the sole 
 purpose of considering his judgment, amend the information 
 in the absence of the defendant at the time and place 
 appointed to give judgment; and a conviction on such 
 omended information will be quashed; R. v. Gough. 22 
 N.S.R. 516 ; R. v. Grant, 30 N.S.R. 368. 
 
Sl'MMARV CONV[tTIC)NN. 
 
 2«5 
 
 defendant (if convicte, 1 iX ' '"""' "'""" ' "'« 
 
 however, will not invalidate 2 »„1 ' "'"""'"" '" ''° ""• 
 feing a matter of p™ dut , ^e "'"'nir'"' P™»«'"'«». it 
 <«i,udication»houldbema<leo r, f n '."'•'!""™"''""' "' 
 tion for the subsequent p«t:d„r''s'';rH' '" "'^f™"''"- 
 ■t, see R. V, Perlcy, 25 N B R 43*' "'" ^l""""'' °f 
 
 ".e^eedi„,tL"::^?irr:l,:rea,r':.i;:r'^- 
 
 cose wiVruirsiiTtrtr''.-".'''"'" "-"^ •'^■'«"-"'' "■« 
 
 fonnal convSn ?1 e LnSt H' u"' fV""'' "- 
 hand and seal • Code 859 h.f . ^ ""''" 'he justice's 
 
 issuing warrants rfdtt.L '""' ™' "^ """■« °"' ''ef„r.. 
 
 20 L.J.M.C. 208;'^Priey:'fer,; ", ^^4 *•'■'' «"" - '''"■ki-.n, 
 
 "mjorijrgo" "rClrth'T "r ™"'' ">" ''-'™" "f the 
 is no deSn and anotl ertfn^" ,'• " "'"''"^' ''■"<'''''■ ">"■--' 
 V. Gmves, 67 LT ?S B 5«-f h". ^^ """' ** '"'<' ^ ^unis 
 «dJournthe„.a^;^r<S^rarotCrttL^fTn:Lr'^^' ^» - 
 
 ..jTA-^^^L^jrord-iSt^--. 
 M^^^h^^BSSr— ^--^ 
 
 of tU'eS:*' '" ""' *'*■ "«""''' '"^ P"-->tor on disn.issal 
 (2) Code 867, against the defendant on eonvietion. 
 
 iaws'td nZ"it':fi^.sz'''"': '""" "°™-'"™ 
 
 Ontario laws nclud'in„ iT !• ""^"''^ '" <=»'"•'' ""<l<=r 
 MunieipalAe^^'fepTlXtr-aT'^'- "'^ ''""'™ 
 
266 
 
 PBOCEDUBK BEFOBE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 The tariff of co8ta for j..stice», constableB and witno«»», 
 i,. p^ecution under Iteminion ^--'' ;^^,.f"^^'^ '" ^'^'' 
 871 »» amended by the Uoni. Htat. of 1894 c 57. 
 
 The Ontario tariff i» provided by B;S.a . 06^ A i» 
 
 ""Is these tariffH differ, eare n.,«t be tak'-^,™ «^^? j^« 
 
 sifr^pi^/f^-Lrj^^^to^^nd".. 
 
 -"^hl:S'"^--Ontario,tariff^atte^« 
 , r . 1 ■ ai sn r<»r dnv in on« or more cases , wnile, 
 
 l^r'trrd^on/oJe tee caTte charged, which should ^ 
 l^?:;^uft^VLl conviction or o:.e. in Ontano as w 
 
 C:Vrtt aTar^r^^f u the a-Mudica^^^^^^^^^ 
 
SLMMARY CO.VVICTIOXs. 
 
 167 
 
 1 He tonus of warrant of (li»tress KK If .„j t 
 na.nt, L.L.L are given in the3,l\t' CHn,in,7c::;;'" 
 
 /tluei'r;™'"""" '°^ ^-"^"^ ""^ -"-"■« therCram:'-: 
 Hi.""vt^.''t^f :i"r:s'l°r:i:;tir rt? "«'"™' 
 
 "t the end of the Crin.inal C«le may JadaptH *'"'"'' 
 
 Imwl^'"?'^ *''"^.''' "'*""»"» <"■ When no Penalty 
 
 P.OV ded by R,.S.O., e. 90, ,, i'fZ 3'™ and 5 t/-' ""' '" 
 cost ir 3TrabYe'™;:T''A°: "" ^-^ - di-'i-d, the 
 
 .oodsof thrprr^tdtre'dtXa; r*™r' '''^""" '"•' 
 in.nS;:t'erMUTr;rf tT'"' """/-'--'i - the 
 t>.at^ on diLi:fthre:t'X".::z;t!it'l'''""'" 
 
 luanuer as a nenalfv ;„«i„j! n "^^'^'^'^«<' ■■> the same 
 
 i;S iti'Ja-srf,:-; r,if •„■■*• 4^ 
 
2im 
 
 I'llOtEllVBE IIEKOBE THE JISTHE. 
 
 tmdictory cl.iu«'» \n. tluit tlii'iv i» •»> iiutl.ority to i«wu- n 
 wttmiiit of cmimiitiiR.iit, m.twith»t»n.lii.»,' it ih m provi.li .1 iii 
 «.-« (3), wliich, uiidoubtwlly by an oviTsiKl.t, wa» not iiniin.kM 
 in tlint ri«|H'ct. 
 
 •■ Thu law which io latiT in <latu, a« wfll as lati-r in iKi»i- 
 tion in t; Htatute l«)ok, n.n»t, in ca«' of n.conHisliui y oi 
 repuKnancy, prevail aKain.t the earlier in '■"'^; «"'' I' »";,„; 
 Jv BoyJ.^^' i" R- ■>■ l^"*-' ■■'' "■•'• '"■"^ «■.' also Kol,n,.o 1 
 V. En>er«on. 4 H. & C. 352 ; Att«rney-(ie..e.;«l v. f^^k "■.,,. I_ 
 !l M & W. p. 301 ; Parry v. Croyilon, 11 C .B..N>. ■><■< ■ i' 
 C.B.N.S. 5«» ; Mitchell v. Brown, 1 E. k K. 2(17. 
 
 The lorn, of the (li»tre«. warrant K.K.K. ({ivon in the 
 SclKKlule to the Criminal Co.le may be useil to recover these 
 costs. . . 
 
 If a justice fixes an excessive miioinil of costs, it is ni;t a 
 
 groan,! of appeal, nor for ,iu«»l'i»K " ''"'"'T^TlVvT.^ 
 tosts is a miilisterial act: R. v. Brown, 1« 'OK-,-" • %V^ 
 Howard, 32 N.B.K. 237 ; Ex p. Bay worth, 2 Can. Cr, Cas. 2.!(). 
 But an or.!.- for payment of c.«ts which the justice 1ms 
 no authority to award will invalidate the conviction : Lx p 
 I^n Kai LoiiK, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 120 ; such as an onler for pa> - 
 ment of the costs of conveying the party to gaol, where the 
 imposition of such costs is not provided for, by the particular 
 statute relating to the offence. 
 
 If a justice takes excessive costs by mistake, he may he 
 cempelled to refund ; but if he does «> <li*™^"«'y. t'^'^^^^ 
 prosVcuted criminally : Ex p. Howard, 32 >.RR_ 23, . n' 
 an action will lie for 980 penalty against h.m for wilfull> 
 receiving excessive costs : R.S.O. c. 95, s. 3. 
 
 The costs awarded against a defendant on conviction must 
 be ordered to be paid to the informant and not to the justice^ 
 otherwise the conviction will be invalid; R. v. Koclu. ,}- 
 OR. 20. 
 
 Memorandum of A<«udlcatlon.--If the J""''^. "P<;" 
 hearing the cose on the merits, finds the defendant not guilt . 
 he must not only make out o memorandum of adjudication, 
 but also, if required by the defendant, an order d'™>»«;»K 
 the information: Code 858; the order :s to be in the Form 
 EBB. to the Criminal Code: see Code 862; and he must 
 also give the defendant a certificate of such dismissal, in the 
 Form C.CC. to the Criminal Code: see "Bes AJjwlimli'. 
 
NL'MMARr to.VVlrTloXH, 
 
 2tll> 
 
 law for the oftnce' (Zh^r ""^'' '"'''""•''"'' ''>■ ""« 
 
 ■<uch uv.nt, ,„a}- include ,,„„ cost I'LT f '™"'' '" 
 ■■my have propirly a.>d . XZilv ?!, > f"''^' "K*--^"'™! 
 «itne,ses, besides hi" own „^^ ■■■our red for counsel and 
 constable'. La "P"'"*'"' ""'' ""« J""""-'" and 
 
 HOl'^'ril'Tpi^^rriXl^hetT "'\°"'™'^"^' "■"'- Code 
 inclusive, or under part .S77the C,::!:^ '°' ''*' •»''" --"««• 
 
 such a., are witbiu^i su.'^; ju'LticTion"" ""'^"PP'^' '" 
 
 h Code On/as't"lXdVtirAct''"on9So''"'r^ '"^'^ 
 or stipendiary nZstratei 1 fu '"T""- °'" * '»"'"'■ -J'"*"'" 
 
 ^" oH^nder i a:^::';:f-^;,-^-:-p:^-o„v.^^ 
 
270 
 
 I'KIH'IDI'HE IIEIDBE THE Jl'llTICE. 
 
 h;!! 
 
 V. ir» iiiii.riNoniiiBiit. aiid if no nri'vimm ciiiivirtion i» pr..- .il. 
 iiino if it appeam that, ImviiiK «•!{»"• '" ''»' "«•'■ ••'""■"'•■ 
 tur ami antccwIeiitM of tli« accuiw.1, or of ttif trivial haluri' i.f 
 lilt) oHciicu. anil to any oxti'inialiiit! circiiiiwtaiu-.'>i, u i" 
 I'Siwiliciit that tliu offeniU-r hlioulil Ix' reliwcil on prolmtioii 
 iif Ko<«l foniliict, to onlor tliat lu' may (iiwload of l»iii« "I 
 oncf puniiihcil) Iw rilcBMtl, on fiitorinK into a ri^coKiiizani-.'. 
 with or without -urt'tifs, and for a tlx.il piiio«l. "» tl.f 
 nia);i»trrtf direct", to apiwar nml rmWn judtfiii.nt wli.n 
 called on, and nicniitinic to keep the (waee and Iw of ):.,.«1 
 liehaviour : «ee iii/zti B8 to the forms and proceedinj;* 
 for bindinjc [larty over to keep the [leace. 
 
 Whi'ii the offence in punishable wilh more than two jeai'. 
 inipriKonment. a jud^je or maciKtiate making a convielion lm» 
 the like powers, but only with the eoneuirence of the cimii>. I 
 iietiiiK f.ir the Crown ; Co<lc 071 (2). Th.> ju.lKit or nuiKistrale 
 lm» also the ]x)wer, it he thinks Ht, to <lirect that, in eitliei- 
 of such casts, the offender shall |)ay the costs of the proseeii- 
 tion, or w.rile jsirtion of tliein, within such [sTioil and by siieli 
 instalments as the .jud(;u or mnipstrate directs. 
 
 The offender can only Iw released under Code 971, if the 
 judge or nuigistrate is siitisHed that the offender lias a tixed 
 place of alHHle or rejfular occupation in the county or pluer 
 where he is likely to live during the period of prolation : 
 Co<le 072. It, at any time after the accused has b.111 
 released on protwtion, an infonnatio.i is laid on oath UfoiT 
 any justice of the iieace, stating that the offender has tailed 
 to observe the conditions of his recognizance, the justice miiy 
 issue a warrant for bis arrest : Code 97!t. 
 
 The offender upon being arrested may be brought bctor. 
 any justice for the territorial jurisdiction in which he was 
 originally convicteil, and the justice may either r "laiid luni 
 to gaol until the time when he was to appear tor judgiii.cil 
 in the original prosecution, or may admit him to bail with " 
 sufficient surety to appear before the judge or ina;. strate ti.i 
 judgment on the original conviction : Code 703 (3). 
 
 The offender may be so remanded to the prison, either U 
 tho county in which the justice who is,"ucd the warrnnt Im- 
 jurisdictio:., or for that in which the offender is touml tc 
 appear for judgment, and the warrant of remand is to orlev 
 that he be brought before the judge or magistrate betoiv 
 whom he w.is bound to appear for .sentence, or to answer t.ir 
 his conduct since his release ; Code 973 (3), 
 
NUMHIRT COWVICnoNK. 
 
 n\ 
 
 • in ilrict 
 
 .»w"i'""'"'"V';"' """"'""•■'I l>y« iii«i<v,it miixt 1. 
 
 •«or.l«„«, w,t. th«t ,,r„vi,l..,r hv th.. »Ut. t S., if ,.,„ 
 
 R.s.o."."T». r,i«". " """"''" '""""' '■ "■**'- ' '• " ^ •-'•": 
 
 If till' Kttttulu proviilcB nuiiislii t \,v l.,ii, u , 
 
 ■'"" P...H»1»..1 „„dc.r ..i.lK..- .„. ,u,y .,.• ll,..,„; lU';i^.:l " 
 
 If tlio piirtic-ulur stnlul,. ivlutin« t„ tli.. .Mmcc .!,».« ,.„. 
 
 »50.0() or .inpri>.„„„„.„t with or H-ithout ,«r,| iHln.nr iJ.l,^ 
 
 more than ,ix .,„mthH, or lK,th ■ C^h. '|-,| ■' , f 
 
 1^ ml,l,.,l eithfr to (in,, or ini,,ri«o„„a,„, „r (.„|, ,.|,i„ '•,, 
 not H|M.cmlly provid«l : i,\»|,. n(j7. "ithoiiKh 
 
 Any niin,l|,.r of .Iffemlnnts .nny Ik. ioi„,,.| in on,- infnrri 
 
 ™K.^r„K ..\M,,r„ t,,o oHlnc i, i„ i,„ uaturM h Jl „ ll 
 cannot b. «.v.,r«l, th.n the ,H.nal.v. h1,«I1 o , T' nX 
 
 01 It. It Ntiil constitut.» but ono oHl.ncT. Hut nher,. thu 
 olfenee ,m ,„ .t, nature several, and where every J^lo con 
 cerned may 1h. separately ^nilty of i,, tl,e„ eaeVoSe"t 
 separately liable to the whole [^.nalty ; b.c«„." he erime ,^f 
 
 ™J^^ill!^-ei;-:i:;aiz,r;&i^ 
 
 nothing to do with the otfenee ehargt,! agai^t ," oTht^ 
 IS scNeral . R. v. Littlech.hl. LR. 8 Q.B. 2!»;!; in which sev,-™! 
 
 lecmed that it wa,, m the discretion of the justice., to join 
 a^l he defendants ,„ one infonnation and ti trv the ci e" 
 tfZ Ex'T""'-^' Z\r'"' ""' »"P"™'^ convict™,: 
 
272 
 
 I'KOCEDl-RE llEFOKE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 All a»aault by two persons upon the same party may be 
 chaijied and punished as separate ott'ences : Re Brighton 
 (Mag), I) T.L.R. 322. 
 
 Unless the ott'ence is a .joint one, if two or more persons 
 are joined in the one proceeding, separate convictions should 
 be made out, and each defendant must only be made liable 
 for his own tine and co.sts, and distress or commitment must 
 be only for the amount for which he alone is in default: 
 Morgan v. Brown, 4 A. & E. 515 ; R. v. Cridland, 7 E. & B. 853. 
 Compensation.— In addition to fine or imprisonment for 
 the offence itself, or instead of thera,^there is authority, in 
 ca-ses where the statute relating to the oHenee so provides, to 
 award, upon conviction, damages or compensation tor the 
 injury done to the prosecutor, and the justice, in the minute 
 of adjudication and conviction, is to award and fix the amount 
 and how the payment is to be enforced. 
 
 When Fine to be Paid.— The fine (and damages, if any, 
 and costs) may be ordered to be paid forthwith, or time may 
 be "iveii: Code 872 («). No time need be stated, and in that 
 event it is payable forthwith ; R. v. Caister, 30 U.C.R. 247. 
 Under R.S.O. c. 90, s. 13(1). ''^•hich applies only to cases 
 under Ontario laws, the conviction is not invalid if time is 
 given for the payment of the amount or tor part of it, or if 
 security is taken, or if part is paid and part not paid, but an 
 order tor payment by instalments is prohibited : s.-s. 2 (2). 
 There is no similar provision made in the Criminal Code. 
 If part of the money is paid in any case, whether under 
 a Dominion or Ontario law, it must be returned to the 
 defendant, before a warrant of commitment can be issued : 
 Sinden v. Brown, 17 A.R. 173. 
 
 Under certain statutes, however, such as the Indian Act, 
 RS.C. c. 43, s. 2(3 (2), jiower is given to commit after part 
 payment: Arnott v. Bradley, 23 C.l'. i; R. v. Barton, 13 
 Q.B. 389. 
 
 How Penalty Enforced.— In awarding the measures to 
 lie taken to enforce payment of the penalty inBicted upon 
 conviction, including compensation, it any, and costs, the jus- 
 tice may either apply those which may be specially provided 
 by the statute or clause relating to the offence, or he may 
 (whether such statute or clause does or does not provide such 
 measures), adopt those contained in Code 872 (a) or (h), as 
 
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS. 
 
 27S 
 
 The first proceeding to be awarded for default of payment 
 
 otetrT rn'n ?l ^""'7 "'"""■' "°' awardSe" 
 an or ins t ^ "'!'.* '■' "'?''' '^' ™''"'™ 'o '•>« defend- 
 at o. Ins family, or if the defendant acknowledges or it 
 otherwjae appears that he has not sufficient sei.abk g^ to 
 
 o"dtr 1 atT„"7f^ u*^! '"• '" "'^' "■«■■' 'he justir^nay 
 Older that on default of payment the defendant te committed 
 to gao , omitting proceedings by distress: Code 8727m and 
 t has been held that under this section of the Code distress 
 
 Ca.i^ 4S3 ° <»=P'-essly shewn : Ex p. Casson, 2 Can. Cr. 
 
 weif "nt"'!!"'™*™' '",""' •'""^■'''"on th"* it appeared there 
 «eie not sufficient goods to realize the monev by distres., 
 cannot be controverted : Meehiam v. Home, 20 O R 067 
 
 further 'aw;lrd'H%''-rri' Proceedings by distress, he should 
 tuither award that if there is no sufficient distress found the 
 
 e iotd in h"'* /T "'f "'.•"of P"y>'>«.t must be that 
 mint oiied in the statute relating to the ofl'ence or if nnt -n 
 
 virredTa'ir " '^ 'rr °' ™f°^^'"« pwTs Lt p™. 
 
 o not n i H 'tt'"'"' "'" °'"''^''- ''^ '° •« f"-- eommitn^nt 
 to not more than three months, unless payment of the 
 penalty and compensation, if any, including Lte ',f commit! 
 
 s ^2^r^r' "^ '""""'"' '" '•^'' '■' ^""^ ■"»"- 
 
 laid labour, in the discretion of the convictin<r justice the 
 aZZ ^f' Amendment Act, 1900, providing"tC ev;n if 
 
 r)^. -fi . ^ , u" "''P"'unment on default of payment is 
 
 e^ ith 11 ^^"■■' ''"' '{ '' -^o^" P"---"-^ that'imprison! 
 imnt «ith hard labour may be or<Jered in the «rst instance 
 
 faTit of ':::"' 't "" f^r- ""^" ">« ""pri»onrnt „ 
 
 •lelault of payment may also be with hard labour 
 
 or ;„"Jr TT** °* '"'Pri^'-nent, whether as a punishment 
 or in default of payment of a fine and costs, the ius"ice mlv 
 by the adjudication, make the following directions ^' 
 
274 
 
 PROCEDUKE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 1 If the ottender is already in gaol, undergoing punish- 
 ment for another oftence, the justice may order that the 
 toprisonment for the subsequent oflence sha 1 commence at 
 iheTpTation of the impriLmiient then being undergone: 
 Code 877. , . ^■ 
 
 2 It the defendant is convicted before the same justice 
 of more than one offence at the same sittirgs, the justice may 
 "alSthat the sentences shall takeeffect ^T;^^' 
 Onde 954 There is no presumption of law that stnteiices 
 arfto fun coLurrently inVosecf ons uncler Dmnin^ 
 
 Ex n Bishop, 1 Can. Cr. Cas. 118, at p. 119 , but the justice 
 may order that the periods of imprisonment he imposes shall 
 run concurrently. ,o\ t 4' t 
 
 The justice may also, in accordance vvith s. (3) ot Code 
 872 direct that the imprisonment awarded on detault of 
 plyment of damages or compensation *all co-nmence at the 
 exDiration of any imprisonment awarded for default of 
 ~nt of the «ne. It a fine, and also damages, are 
 Eded, there should be -pa^'e -ards of 3---^ 
 for default of payment of each, and it should also be stated 
 whether they are to run concuiTently or not. 
 
 In case the law provides tor a money penalty or >n'P™™- 
 ment (or both) as punishment, and the justice awards both, 
 Td alt awards imprisonment in default of payment o the 
 nenaltv the justice may order that the imprisonment for 
 Setirof pafment shal! commence after the e^iry o he 
 term of hnprikmrnent awarded as punishment ; Code 872 (3). 
 When Imprisonment Beglns.-As to the time when the 
 imprisonment is to begin, there is no express provision in the 
 Crfminal Code, but the form (F.F.F. given in the schedule to 
 the Criminal Code) requires the g^o'^/ ]° -J"^'" ">^P!X" 
 convicted in prison for the time awarded by the map^t™'^; 
 without reference to an interval occurring between the arrest 
 Id commitment under the warrant, during which ■"teryi. 1 e 
 is in the custody of the constable, and therefore constructiv ely 
 in pril : see 6 Ency. of the Laws of Eng. 326 ; 2 Hawkms, 
 P C c 18 s. 4 ; Bird v. Jones, 7 Q.B. 742. 
 
 ' It' was held in R. v. Scott, 2 C.L.J. 323, and R. v. Crow 
 1 C L.J. 302, that when the imprisonment was to count trom 
 the time of the delivery by the constable of t^ie defendant in 
 gaol, the period of imprisonment thus depending on he «ill 
 S the constable, who was to deliver him to the gaoler, was 
 
SUMMABV CONVICTIONS. 275 
 
 uncertain and the Jefendant was disclmrKed .- see also E.x p 
 FoulkeB 15 M. & W. (il2; Bralia,,, v. Joyce, 4. Exch 4«7 
 Bowdlers case, 12 Q.B. 612 ; Henderson v/prjston 21 Q B U 
 
 fn the statair- ^ " 1'""'"™ "''^""^^^ "»' warrant l-iven 
 in the statute ,s adequate m view of tlie ahovc decisions in 
 
 ■m .rTdo no?""""'' ^" ""r™"'- '"'" P-"--" " °C J 
 „„•*!* . t "" '" ^>'l''y '° convictions by justice, or 
 naK,strates I however, the form of warrant given i",le 
 
 Cnnnnal Code has the effect of legislation, with regard to 
 
 the tnue wl,e„ the in,prison„,ent is to begin, it would 1 
 hat t le n„pnsonu,ent would prop<.rly be con.puted fron, the 
 
 to L nt ^"T"' " "'r"y '"'J«"' '" g""'- -'"■""' «g« 1 
 
 rir:s'r5Trp,'4ir"'''^"^^-"'''"^-"""''"'-^ 
 
 When Imprisonmont Ends. -The sentence of -one 
 
 cah;ndar month's" imprisonment expires on the -kv n."' 
 cedmg the day which corresponds nun.erically in he next 
 
 ^r, "ff Zrf is""' 'Y "" '^'"^'' "'-"'Pri-n- 
 *^a ' •. -n .^ ™ ■''™'' "on-esponding day in the next 
 
 v" c'llliiit r^;s" 23™ '"' "'"' '"^ °' "-»' ■"'"'" ^^^ 
 
 A gaoler acting in obedience to a warrant valid on its 
 face .s protected if he does not detain the prisoner longer 
 «han the permd mentioned therein, although he mav hfve 
 been m custody prior to the day of his delivfry to theUk" 
 Henderson v. Preston, 21 Q.B.D. 362. =»oitr. 
 
 Sureties to Keep the Peace._In addition to any nnnisl,. 
 
 ment awarded, the justice may, if the offence is on^e a a „ t 
 
 the public peace (such as riot or assault), and the aceu ed 
 
 by reason ol turbulent disposition displayed.or f t appea.; 
 
 "; oXr'^ff™" ll^' ""^ !^ 'ik'ly to repeat theTm" 
 
 addition to any other punishment awarded, require the 
 
 d endant forthwith to give security in his ow,^ reco"nT.ance 
 
 with or without one or more sureties, and in sucli amomitt" 
 
 rZ^'ul"'?^"'''''^ reasonable, to keep the peace and ^ 
 
 Cod'r^5^'""Ti°l*"y'"'™"°'-««^'«»gtwevemonth^ 
 
 nwL ^' ""'"'*?'' ^y ^'^ ^''<='' "■ ^^- The^form of recogJ 
 
 XXX ^irr "' '^.^^hedule to the Criminal Code. Form 
 
 A.A.A,, and the provisions as to sureties to keep the peace 
 
 are^^given m Code 959, 960: see also infra. " Articles onhe 
 
I! 
 
 
 S76 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 In default of the defendant giving such recognizance he 
 may be committed for not mor-: than twelve months : Code 
 95!) : Form of warrant Y.Y.Y. to the Criminal Code with 
 necessary variation : Code 959 (5). 
 
 Enforclngr Penalties.— If the tine and costs a^¥ardetl 
 upon a conviction, with damages if any, are not paid at the 
 time fixed by the adjudication, tlie subsequent proceedings to 
 enforce it (it not provided by the statute relating to the 
 oHence) are provided by Code H72, s.-as. 2 and 4, as amended 
 by the statute of 1900, c. 46. And even it the particular 
 statute provides for the manner of enforcing payment, the 
 provisions of Code S72 may be followed instead: see that 
 section. 
 
 Forms of Warrants.— The forms of warrants of distress 
 and commitment are provided for in Code 872, s.-s. 2, as 
 amended by the Act of 1900, c. 46. Form D.D.D. in the 
 schedule to the Criminal Code is the warrant of distress to 
 be used in the case of conviction tor a penalty. 
 
 Form E.E.E. of distress warrant is to be used in the case 
 of an order upon a complaint tor non-payment of a money 
 demand. Form J.J.J, is a warrant of commitment upon 
 return by the constable of no goods to either of the ^ve 
 distress warrants : see Fonn I.I.I, of return of no goods. Fonn 
 F F.F. IS a warrant of commitment upon f conviction for a 
 penalty when no di.sti j.ss is ordered. Form G.G.G. is a like 
 warrant of commitment on an order for payment of a money 
 demand when no distress is ordered. 
 
 A warrant of commitment which does not fix the amount 
 of the costs of the commitment and conveying the prisoner to 
 gaol when such costs hi..ve been ordered, is bad, and will be 
 set aside : K. v. Bright, 1 C.L.J. 240. 
 
 Warrants-By Whom Issued. -Section 872 (2) of the 
 Code provides that these warrants may be issued by the 
 iustice who made the conviction, or order ; but by Code »i. 
 sub -ss 4 and 5, it is provided that they may also be issued, 
 and all other proceedings subsequent to the conviction niay 
 be taken, by any other justice having jurisdiction; and that 
 one justice may issue the proceedings subsequent to the con- 
 viction, even it two justices are required to take the piioi 
 proceedings and hear the case. If a justice refuses to issue 
 the warranis to enforce the ronviction, he may be compelled 
 
Sl-MMARY CONVICTIONS. 277 
 
 warrunt if ;t „„ "v ",c juMiice i» not to issue a (Imtruss 
 warrant if it appeai-s that it would Iw ruinous to tli,. ,l,.(ln 
 
 .ssued, the defendant may either be alK we™ to ™ 7.1,^'"^ 
 remanded to the constables charm>, or to .'aol ,in il H, 
 
 for rent, notiees of the sale shouldt ,,„t p for e il,t d "' 
 and a notice of it should be also <.iven to he H,f" i ^ ' 
 
 ..tandapp,.aisementofthe«oodsi:i™d':i,:u 1 . 'tmad: 
 by at least one competent and disinterested person 
 
 ■"ust be appraised and ndverti.sed for saT ° ^"'"''' 
 
 .ubmlttod*"'"" '"■■'"^ ■'^ "^'^ ™'"""''^» P™-'i»«^ ".-e 
 
278 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JfSTICE. 
 
 CONSTAbLE'B INVKNTORY OK OmiDW SEIZED UNDER WaRBANT OF DiSTREBS. 
 
 An luveiitory of goods and chattels by me this day seized and dib- 
 traiued ill tbe of in tlie county ot by virtue of 
 
 a distresi* warrant issued by K.F., {^squire, n Justice of the Pfrnce in nnd 
 for tlie county of , dated tlie day of , A.D. 10 , 
 
 under a conviction (or order) made by the said E.F. as such Justice on 
 the davof , A.U. 11) . That is to say: (ajmi/V (*' (irliWfs 
 
 Dated this day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 A Constable of the said County. 
 
 Appraibement. 
 
 We, 0,11. and I.K., havinff at tlie rerjuest orli,M., a constable .)f the 
 county of , examined tlie goods and chattels mentioned in the 
 
 annealed inventory, do appraise the same at the sum of $ 
 Witness our hands this day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 G.H. 
 I.K. 
 
 Notice of Sale of Goods Distrained. 
 
 By virtue of a distress warrant issued by E.F., Esquire, a Justice of 
 the Peace in and for the county of , under a conviction {or order) 
 
 made by the said Justice against C.I)., I have distrained of the goods 
 and chattels of the said CD., to wit: {deacribe proimlg) . All of which 
 goods and chattels will be sold by public auction at on the 
 
 day of , A.D. 19 , at the hour of o'clock in the noon. 
 
 Dated the day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 L.M., 
 Constable, 
 
 The distress warrant must fix the time after seizure 
 T-ithin wliich the defendant is to pay in order to avoid the 
 goods being sold: see Forms D.D.D. and E.E.E. to the 
 Criminal Code. 
 
 The constable should seize and remove the goods immedi- 
 ately. He will be liable for trespass if he remains on th" 
 defendant's premises an unnecessarily long time : Paley, 6th 
 ed., 319. 
 
 The constable may break open an outer door to execute a 
 distres.s warrant for a penalty, the whole or any part of 
 which goes to the Crown ; but not on a waiTant for a mere 
 order For payment of money to the complainant: Paley, 
 318 (a). 
 
 Before breaking open an outer door the constable should 
 verbally notify those within who he is, and his business 
 there, and demand admittance. The constable must wait for 
 the time mentioned in the warrant before selling the goods. 
 
Sl'MMABy CONVICTIONS. 
 
 279 
 
 Constables Fees.-For the costs of distres» in dominion 
 cas,.s set. a„H under Cxle «71, The iten.s will I a" 
 fo lows :^lanH .ten, !), execntinj; wamuit „f distrL „,« 
 
 Item 11, Mdeage to seize koo.]«, j.ei- n.ile (one way only,' „„« 
 «n,e».l.nent lo the C«le by Don,. Stat., IHiH li IL Ti 
 appra,.se„,ent-2 cents on the dollar; iten, i;i, co„„;,is.sion ™ 
 »ale-o ,«r cent on the net pro.luce of the j;o,xJ.s. Iten, U 
 wll not .e ...eluded in th.. uh.ne .nentio.td ..otic" as it 
 v™,ld ..ot be payable if th. „,o,.ey is ,„id befo.. .sl^e orthe 
 
 The costs of distress under Ontario cases are :-Exeeuti..ff 
 and ret«r...nK warrant, 81..50 ; adve.tisi,.jr, Si ; .,,il™" "? 
 nnle o..e w„y,l:,c.; appraise.ne..t, 2 per";e..t. on I "^ alu 
 R 8.0. t:toV, r"or'°" °" ^'"^■' ' •""■ "•'■'■ ™ "^^ "'"<'-- 
 
 By R,S.O c. 73, s. 2 (d). SI a day is allowe.1 for keepin.. 
 pos ess,on of the goods; and by s.-s. (.,, a eo..,n,i.saion of iC? 
 cent, .nay be charged if the n,oney is jmid tefore .sale. B^ 
 
 orVv' f T '• '", n"'f "° f '"^ • "<> eo"""iasion is p,-ovided 
 tor by the Cnininal Code before .sale. 
 
 Belease on PaymenL-Under Code 901 the defendant 
 pTv^blerd""^ P"^ "' '™'*^^ '° "'« »-""'le the ilun 
 r,o that «„' 'Tr'' r"' "'" "P"™"' "f "■« d'^t--^ 
 the warrant ' °*°"' '""■^' then cease to execute 
 
 The constable, upon such payn.ent, or upon sale of the 
 Tued It."* "'"™ the warrant' a.'.d money to^,e j'sLowh: 
 
 unlel'^hrS"* Aould not execute a warrant of distress 
 unless he finds suflicent goods to yield on sale the full 
 
 TnZt 1^ ''"^'"t: '°' " P"' °"'y '^ ^-"-'J the defend 
 cannot afterwards be co.nmitted for the balance. If the 
 
 wTrra ""','"", ^f^^-t, they ought not to be taken, but the 
 
 Inf p ' A ■ '^•'' Tngerson v. Cobourg (Police) 6 OS 
 405 ; Fo.™ of Return I.I.I, referred to in Code 872, s.-s. 2 Va» 
 rlt^ZJl 1 """/y has been paid or realized, it must be 
 
 rCotourg^,;;,™"'^™ "■ ''™"""' ™''™' "' P- 1^« • Trigeraon 
 
280 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 Upon receiving the constable's return of no sufflcipnl 
 distress, or in case no distress was directed, any justice for 
 the county may issue the warrant to commit ordered by the 
 convii-Mng justice in his adjudication : Code 842 (4), (5). 
 
 The varrant to commit is to be addressed to any or all 
 of the com'ables of the county, and may be executed by any 
 such constafc.'^ anywhere i-i Canada. 
 
 Costs Of Fxecutlngr Warrant.— The warrart to conunit 
 should include the amount of the costs of the distress warrant, 
 viz., justice's fee on warrant, 25 cents, and the constable's 
 costs mentioned p. 27a, if any. ^ 
 
 It must also include the costs of the arrest of the defend- 
 ant, if he was at large, and of conveying him to gaol, viz. :^ 
 Arrest, $1.50 ; mileage, per mile, one way, from the place of 
 arrest to the gaol, 13 cents. 
 
 The latter costs are only to be included in case the par- 
 ticular statute so provides ; and in such case the amount of 
 them must be stated in the warrant of commitment or it will 
 be quashed : R. v. Corbctt, 2 Can. Cr. Cas. 499. 
 
 Place of Imprisonment The imprisonment, if for less 
 
 than two years, is to be in the county gaol or other place 
 mentioned in the statute ; or if there is no gaol in the county 
 in which the order for imprisonment was made, then in the 
 nearest gaol: Code 955 (2); R.S.C. c. 1, s. 7 (38); R.S.O. c. 
 1,8. 8(29): or in some lawful prison other than a peni- 
 tentiary : Code 955 (2). 
 
 The words originally in Code 872 («) and (6) referring to 
 the gaol of the territorial division are struck out by the 
 amended statute for 1894, c. 57, the place of imprisonment 
 being otherwise provided as above stated. 
 
 If the defendant, against whom a warrant to commit is 
 issued, is already in prison undergoing imprisonment on sonii' 
 other charge, the constable is to deliver the warrant to the 
 gaoler, who will retain the defendant in prison for the addi- 
 tional period which will begin fium the time the warrant is 
 delivered to the gaoler ; and so both may run concurrently 
 for a part or the whole of the period of the second commit- 
 ment. But if the convicting justice sees tit, he may include 
 in the adjudication and warrant an order that the periwl of 
 imprisonment under the second warrant is to begin at tin- 
 expiry of the term of imprisonment undi:r the tirstone: (.'ode 
 877. 
 
NUMMARY CONVICTIONS. gg] 
 
 Payment to Owler—The person i.„pri«>ne.l for no,.- 
 
 Disoharsreof PriwneP.-If the money is »o pai.l or if 
 the Crown remits .t or if the defen.Unt suffer, th^ punish- 
 ment, or .f he .s discharged fron, the eonviction by the Tstice 
 
 "d: »te deV 'rr '","'"'" "-' J-"- 1- iutllority 
 to do so, the defendant is released from further criminal nro 
 ceedings for the same cause : Code !)«». •='"<"'"^' P™- 
 
 Compounding Oirenoes.-In some cases the law allow, 
 the matter to be settled between the partes ZlTlTl 
 allows this to be done after conviction in the case, herd,, 
 
 Tzlnfi'rr ^r,''"'"'-'--' e.p..e:T;;roX 
 
 objection to its bein^, withdrawn. But if the 2Z tZ 
 
 t- protected, an indictment will lie against the parties coin 
 pounding It: I Bishops Cr. Law, s. 711, cited iriOinCr 
 
 ? T.SnL'422.^"'"""'' ''"'' «"•• '"=*= ^ «""- - Towllsen'd; 
 «ntJ" fk^,^™'" ™*' """ J""''''* «'"'°'<' "djourn the CH,e and 
 L°'tted.-°"'" ''"°™"^' ^" "-*' '"" ■"""■' interests^m":' 
 
 of ttr^T' ^'^f^"" " P""^" interested or not, may he guilty 
 rf the offence of compounding a theft, which consits ifiai^ 
 person receiving anything from another pei-son upon an 
 TOent^not to r-osecute the offender: R^, v. Bn^^ss, W 
 
 Threats of Prosecution. -Everyone is .n,i!ty of an offence 
 who with intent to gain anything from anv p^., son accuses 
 
 oVncrcX4ono« '■'"" ""^ "'- P-' "'^'^ 
 
 information or causing it to be laid, roceiv.^ or^at emms ,0 
 procure anything by pressure of such proeeedi, gs "^ L : 
 guilty of an offence under the alwve section, even it here s 
 
282 
 
 PROCEDlTRi: BEFORE THE Jl'OTirE. 
 
 1. ; i!i 
 
 no iiLMTfiiioiil not to prowciitf, or to drop tln' prowcutioii ; K. 
 V, Xv«l.i...l, 2 I-.acli, C.C. 721 ; K, v. KeTiiiH,!!, :il O.K. (131. 
 
 ;t. Kummiirn Tritilii /*<■/"« ilmjiiil iiiten. 
 
 Till' HuniMmrv jiiriwliction of jwlice maKi»trtttf» is ■•xtindivl 
 bv I'art :>T>, KH. 7N2 H nei/. of tlii> (,'riniinal CixJo, to the mini- 
 nmry trial ami conviction of [x^rnonH clmrK«l with «ny of tlic^ 
 inilictiililc otlcncfH nicntioncil in CihIc 7M. Ami by the 
 Ulufmlnicnt made by the Dominion Statute of 1«1)5, c. 40, 
 th(! ott'cnccn mentioned in n.-wt. (") and (/) of k. 7«8 of the 
 Criminal Code, are alno lironglit within the juriwliction of 
 two ju»tice» ; but this does not extend to any other of the 
 otleiiees mentionetl in that section. By the same statute the 
 usual appeal lies from a conviction by two justices under 
 these sections. The jurisdiction of a magistrate or of two 
 justices in procetHlings under Ccxle 7»3 (n), (/i is absolute 
 and not dej; jndent upon the consent of the accused : Code 784. 
 
 By s. 785 of the Criminal Cixle, as amended by the 
 Act UIOO, c 4U, the jurisdiction of the magistrate is further 
 extended to the summary trial, with the consent of the 
 accused, of all cases in which a person is charged before him 
 with any of the offences for which such person may be tried 
 at the General Sessions. And by the same section of the 
 Criminal Code a police or district magistrate may also try, 
 with the like consent, any person who has been committed by a 
 justice for trial for any of such offences. These offences 
 include those which by Code 539 and 540 as amended by 
 Dominion Statute of 1884, c. 57, and by the Criminal Code 
 Amendment Act of 1000 (c. 46, s. 540), are within the juris- 
 diction of the General Sessions, viz., all indictable offences 
 other than those specially excepted by Code 540, as so 
 amended. And <^i magistrate, on conviction, may inflict the 
 same punishment which the General Sessions could impose : 
 Code 785. 
 
 By 8.-S. 2, which was added to s. 785, this jurisdiction, 
 which was formerly confined to magistrates in Ontario, has 
 been extended to police and stipendiary magistrates of cities 
 and incorporated towns of every other part of Canada, and to 
 recorders exercising judicial functions. 
 
 It is provided also by s.-8. 3, which has been added to 
 Code 785 by the Act of 1900, c. 46, that ss. 787 and 788 of 
 the Code do not apply to cases tried under a. 785 ; but that 
 
HUMMARy TRIALS. 
 
 tia 
 
 "*- an.l 7NN .• w.„ a\m not,* i„ n (•„„. cv. c'as .VU ' 
 
 '!">" ''lO: R. V. VoL, .;, , « ' ,,",7 n"'"" ""V""" 
 ,.■„,..,«„,,), cite.| i„ R. V, R«n.lol,,l H -.Mt^^t' ""1;' 
 
 muer iu) ,r "f. P™P«'-'y "cmtel i„ 'valu,, sio f 
 "iHier (flO no consent 1.H nccessaiv But I.,. .1. _ . 
 to these sectionM „,ade by tl.erU)f 1900 /i m ''l*'" ■"' 
 I'f .1.0 n.a«i„t™te in case^ of ttft YpTpclitt excL"w ",'j; 
 
 rhat" 'if "tl,: "^'"'*^\ ^"^ ProviHion':.f'-U.:Tcf7,f^S 
 "■ tnat It the accused has consented tn h„ t„„j il ^i 
 
 ^-|-l.n^y prelmunar, .n,,uiry proper case is estab'lUhedTor 
 
381 
 
 fKOCIDl-KE KEroRI THE .lUHTICE. 
 
 A conviction ami warrant of commitnu'nt niu«l «l»w 
 juriwlictlon on their face, anJ if for an oHV'nce for wliicli n 
 nia({i"tratB can only convict on a pli-a of " Knilty. " thi'y niiixl 
 Ktatu that the accunc'l no plcailwl, or tliey will li.' inviiliil, 
 and the ilffondant " ill bu roluawil on habcan corpUM K. v. 
 CollinH, 5 Man. H i:)l); and wich conviction or comniitiiuiit 
 cannot Ih' aniiu.lwl by tlm Court: iwu kiiI' p. 47 ; Imt tin- 
 
 ina({iiitmtc niiiy Hie a corrtwl conviction ami commit nt 
 
 ln'foru it in actually ([uanliwl, or the priimnor ilincliarKwl <iii 
 hnlK'Uii corpus :«,•»" »(« p. 2H. 
 
 In all com^K in which a magiHti-atii ha« luithority, nrnl 
 afwunieH to try the accuned sunnnnrily, by consent, fcir an 
 indictaVile offence, it is important, as poinleil out in the jud^'- 
 ment in R. v. Lomlon (Juh.), 17 Cox, C.C. 52(1, that tliL' nmi;- 
 istrnte slumld be careful to carry out the pi'ovisionHcniitnimd 
 in Code 78fl, and to see that the accused fully under«iand> 
 the effect of his consent; and if he dix's not infij"ii ili. 
 accuseil of his riKht to Iw tried by a jury, if he so ilesiriB. iln 
 conviction will lie iiuashed by the High Coint for want "I 
 jurisiliction. The proceetlings must shew on their fuce lliat 
 the requirements of the statute, necessary to the magistrate « 
 assuming jurisdiction, were complied with: R. v. llogguitli 
 2-1 OR. (io. But qiiirre, is not this such a ilefect as i> 
 covered by Code 800 ? : see R. v. Burtress, 3 Can. Cr. Ca>. 
 .53(1, in which it was held that the consent net., not be stnti.l 
 in the conviction, being a " want of form," and cured by Cud.' 
 800. But in R. v, Cockshott (1898), 1 Q.B. 582, it was h.l.i 
 that the giving notice by the magistrate to the accused of h'- 
 right to be trieil by jury, was a condition precedent to juri>- 
 diction by consent, and on certiorari a conviction was quasln 1 
 when the notice had not been given; and it was \:<-\'i 
 immaterial whether the defendant knew he had the rigiit t > 
 be trieil by jury. In the sttTne case it was also held that tli. 
 want of notice" going to jurisiliction, anil being rec|uircil liy 
 the statute for the protection of accused persons, could not li. 
 waived. 
 
 When the particular statute provides for the puiii>li- 
 mcnt of an indictable offence which has been tried eitlur i" 
 the usual way "or on sunnnary conviction," s. 78:1 (i) iiii'i 
 Mubs<ii|nent sections of the t^riuiinnl Code apply, and tin 
 accused cannot be tried sumimirily except by consent ^'i^'n 
 under Cale 78(i : K. v. Crossen. :! Can. Cr. Cas. 1-52. 
 
ItlMllARV TKIAW. 
 
 tss 
 
 iKk 7N.1 or 7N5 It I. optiona: with him ..ilhur to .lo «, or 
 to co,„.,nt for trml : Cod« 71.1 ; R., McR,u., 4 BC K I« 
 
 But ho ,h„ul,l ,l«.i.|e whcth-r to do m or not l«f..re hu 
 ui. las. 1.1, tixlt. (1)1 H.. ..xpri'wly proviiU 
 
 A n.Hj;i,t™ti.. olhiT tlian u polir,. nmKistrati. for a citv 
 or „.o,.por,u.,l ,„„.„ „ '„,i,„, Act of l-Hm , « f. 
 
 w r, .|Uir.. I to traiwmit nil thu p«|».r» to tho clerk of the 
 S:,.: "" '''''" "" "'•-• "'"""K ""• ■■-""!" of thoOuner]^ 
 
 whiclI"r.'V'" '""'.""'"" "" '" I'l""- witlmMlu. conn. ,. i,. 
 "Inch n K.hcu MmKittralL. ,„«y act «.h an ,:r ,MH„ i,„tic'. 
 An.| a ,K,hc„ >Ma^.i„tr«tc for a town n„.j- take an i, fon « „ , 
 ;'•"! try a ca«, ■„ another town for which anoth "rTn™ , i 
 ".ICC n,aK,,tratc. if the oHcnce .li,l not take placJ in d 
 last «,e„t.oned town: R. v, McLean, 3 Can. fr, cr:i"3 
 
 nr ).. of the Crinunal tVle for an indictahle oHcnce the 
 "iaK.»tra c „, ad.htion to ™ch other s..„tence a« n.ay by law 
 »• pa-^ed, » authori.e,l by the an.endcd ». KVl i, X Act of 
 nartT;""" ."" •J""" «'""'='^'' '" W "l,e who e o 
 piosetntion and conviction if he »ee» tit to do «o includimr 
 »"ch „,o,ierate allowance for loss of time of tl.rp ^ec or 
 - on inquiry on affidavit or otherwise the maKist^ari^er 
 
 Zdantt/r""'''''"'; ■"'' "" "■°"^>-" '"^^ f" - 
 
 ..» order l'". ''PP"''-''""I"T.' '* ■■"«''' •""■"^^y- «'•'= '"» «»••'. 
 
 «} iiuit may be enlorced in the same way as the payment 
 
 any. costs may be enforced by the court ii, any civiTaction 
 
 o,r::.d"'i' "■"■• >.-;r"f?" "K"'"'' the^efcndants 
 
 o ds . and also against the defendants lands, if necessary 
 
 « .i ,t the costs amount to over S40. See R.S.O, c 76 for 
 
 rrt: Zi '"h"f "■' r'"" '"' P"^""--" °f -o-'y in eivi 
 l"l^^^/• l""^'' ""'^'"' ">« »'»" provisions, may be 
 
286 
 
 PROCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 The costs allowed, under the above provisions of the 
 Criminal Code, are to be the name an in civil suits in a 
 superior court, according to the lowest scale: Code 835 (2). 
 Code 788 also authorizes niagintrateM to award costs, 
 whether tin- penalty is iine or iniprijionnient, or bt)th : R. v. 
 Cyr. 12 P.K. 24 : R. v. Burtress (S.C.N.S), 3 Can. Cr. Cas. o.Sii. 
 And hard labour is authorized, and may be awarded by a 
 magistrate acting under Part 55 of the Criminal Code, on 
 imprisonment for default of payment uf a fine or compensa- 
 tion, even if the particular statute or clause under which the 
 conviction takes place, does not so provide: Code 788, 955 ((j); 
 R. V. Burtress, 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 536. 
 
 Formerly, however, a justice or a magistrate, acting under 
 the ordinary summary convictions clauses (Fart 58 of the 
 Criminal Code), could not award hard lalrour on a commit- 
 ment for default of payment of a fine: R. v. Horton, 3 Can. 
 Cr. Cas. 84. This has been remedied by the amendment in 
 Code 872 in the Act 1900, which provides that where u 
 pecuniary penalty or compensation is adjudged to be paid, 
 and by the Act or law under which the conviction is made 
 the justice might have awarded imprisonment with /lonl 
 labour as part of the punishment for the offence, then the 
 imprisonment for default of payment of the fine or compen- 
 sation may be with Imrd labour or not, as the justice sees tit : 
 see notes in 3 Can. Cr. Cas. p. 538. 
 
 As to the forms of adjudication and conviction for penalties, 
 care must be taken to award the " forfeiture " of the penalty. 
 A conviction which merely " orders " payment, and not that 
 the defendant shall " forfeit " and pay, is bad and will be 
 quashed: R. v. Cyr. 12 P.R. 24; B. v. Crowell, 2 Can. Cr. 
 Cas. 34; B. v.Burtre.ss,3Can. Cr. Cas. 536; Paley,6thed., 264. 
 
 Restoration of Property.— Authority is also given on a 
 summary conviction for theft or unlawfully obtaining any 
 property, and if it appears upon the evidence that the accused 
 has sold the property or part of it, to order that any money 
 taken from the prisoner upon his arrest may be applied in 
 making restitution, if such money is the property of the 
 prisoner : Code 837. 
 
 Code 838, as amended by the Statute of 1893, c. 32. 
 authorizes the magistrate, on conviction, to order the restora- 
 tion of stolen property to the owner or his representative i 
 anv^ a writ or order of execution may be issued in a summary 
 
SUMMABV li..A\s. 
 
 287 
 
 pr^^^utoTorTn/^ tLrL''tr"^ -ally belong, .„ the 
 
 entrusted with goods, fo.. a'n oCe ^C:1'^J'S 
 
 w.th by the magistrate: R. v. London, El. B & E 5o') 
 
 Act of^iroo"^? °* ■"" ^■"'"'"'" C"^"' "« ""-"l-d bv the 
 
 gc»d behaviour, for not „,ore than two yeaJ,'Ln,Ti lefa t 
 
 ^^/zr^rf^rhr^s^ir-r-S 
 
 TtoiX ■ r""' " '^r, ■" "™' " '" addition th ret" 
 onmn, ""'f* ™prisonment for not more than five years t^ 
 
 « nrrnll'''th:r'°' '"^ in.pri.onmentawardeirih': 
 nee, unless the fine is sooner paid. This amendment to 
 
288 
 
 PEOCEDURE BEFORE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 Code 958 is intended to remove doubta, which were previously 
 entertained, wliether a magistrate could impose a tine in lieu 
 or addition to imprisonment under Code 7S7. 
 
 A magistrate may impose costs, as well as both fine and 
 imprisonment: R. v. Cyr, 12 P.R. 24; K. v. Burtreas (N.S.), 
 3 Can. Cr. Cas. 536. 
 
 Hard labour may be imposed on imprisonment for default 
 of payment of a line, as well as on imprisonment for an 
 oftunce : R. v. Burtress, tntpru. 
 
 The statute of Ontario, 53 Vict., c. IS, s. 2, extending the 
 summary jurisdiction of police magistr&tes to cases of forgery 
 is ultra vires : R. v. Toland, 22 O.R. 505 ; but see cmitm, R. 
 V. Levinger, 22 O.R. 690. 
 
 As to a magistrate's jurisdiction regarding juvenile 
 offenders, see chapter on " Juvenile Otti;i, lers." 
 
 Police magistrates for cities may sentence females con- 
 victed Ijctore them of ott'ences against Dominion laws to 
 houses of refuge : 57 & 5H Vict., c. 60 (Dom.). The consent 
 of the superintendent is required in such cases: s. 12; and 
 no female child is to be sent to a place provided for adult 
 paupers. 
 
 As to conmiitment of prisoners to the Central pri.son, and 
 other penal institutions, .see R.S.C. c. 1X3. This Act is still 
 in force, not being repealed by the schedule to the Criminal 
 Code: R. v. Spooner (Ont. Divl. Court), 27th Dec, 1900. 
 
 Justices' and Hagristrates' Returns. — Justices are 
 required to make a return to the clerk of the peace, on or 
 before the second Tuesday in March, June, September and 
 December in each year, of all convictions made by them for 
 offences against Dominion law : Code 902 ; and against 
 Ontario law : R.S.O. c. 93, ss. 1,2; such return to include all 
 convictions made up to the end of the next preceding month. 
 The return is to include all moneys received for fines, etc., 
 and of their application, and all matters or proceedings taken 
 or moneys received subsequent to any previous return, and 
 not included therein : Code 902 (5). If two or more justices 
 join in a hearing and conviction, they must make a joint 
 return of it: Code 902 (2) ; and on a joint conviction under 
 an Ontario law such return is to be made immediately after 
 making a conviction. The forms of returns are provided by 
 Code 902 : Form S.S.S. to the Criminal Code ; and by R.S.O. 
 
•SIMMAliV TRIALS. ,j^j, 
 
 inUHt be brought «itiii„;ix c-.iu.n.hr'n','"! n"'' "'"'' I"'""!"''-" 
 cause of action „,,«e:Co,j'!mKM';'';"'',l'.^ "7 ""' 
 
 of .^£:: 'u::dr^;;21™/;:;;f"" 'f - '<• ---- 
 
 m Code 902 l^in. inter,::^ Ir,^! ' :^ ' ^I;,"'"' ''■'"I^V' 
 
 mentioned provisions of Kso'eO'! « i "' ■ ■ "''"™ 
 
 to malio returns of ooi.vw.'i;' ' ' ' '''■'l""'i"f,' .justices 
 
 apply to police^; ^iS^^'z,;™;;;.^'";"-'" 'r^- -'» ™^ 
 
 as ex officio justices :';,u„t j:^:^; 22 ■.Vr",^'™ "='■"« 
 
 tothe'^WkrflHe'lCrandr^'': "''I-'"'™''- '" fo™ard 
 offices, 0.,Koo,ie Ha To™^^ , , " , ' ^' "'T''"' "^ '^W'l 
 
 ■•"I>voftl,obo„i.rc,pired tTt k ,!■'''"''■''■ " '^'"■"«'"' 
 
 »■ 1 of tbe al»,ve sta ute si c"v n. H ' '' .""'»"»"-'"™ •"»!'■■■ 
 tlic end of the nrovi.,, A" '■','''"'■''"''■■ "™1« "P to 
 
 which n,ay I at rke'niace''! '■■''""'';' '"^ ""■' '■™'™etLs 
 the return, with reference t„ a '"" P""'"' ™^"'''^^'' ''^ 
 
 P«.alty for „„t VoJZl tLT f"'"""" """"'on- The 
 .Hction.sfors„cl,p<™ltes*'n. s I . ■ "T""-""^ '" ■^'^"^ '""1 
 ...o.,ths : san.e s^^t ts^e'lLlrRX^f';^ li:;":"-- -™*- 
 
 ."ai!;:a!^f:rT<^:r' ^- •«■ ''"™ -' ■•Pply .o the police 
 to bT'p/^verTlhenr"'™'" ""PT"'' "' 'na^istrates, are 
 
 '■"■luired to pay over the «nes in t ""'K»<'™te was 
 
 '■o-le SOU but bv th. il " \ '""'""■'• P'-ovided l,y 
 xni- • "' o"V-^ '" "oinnnon Statute }m») o ap. i- i 
 
 '"' «nes and pena^iS iln^' ' .^^vl!::;' b^'h, 1 "'"'^''; 
 
 ."■--. is .nari; t.:^''i:;s:r i;!;r::^ ■--- 
 
2!I0 I'KDCEDIRE IlEKOllE THE JUSTICE. 
 
 oHeiicr. But tliis iltJfis not apply to finea aii-l furtiMturen for 
 breach of the Canadian Ut-VL-nue Lawn or for nialfoununce ni 
 office l)y u Dominion official, nor to cases in which the pro- 
 cecilinj; is at tlie instance of the Dotninion (Jovernment, if the 
 latter iiears the cost of prosecution ; in such cases the fines 
 and forfeitures are to U' paid to the Keceiver-Ueneral of 
 Canada. The Dominion laws as to the disposal of tines and 
 forleitiu'cs liv um^'istrates do not apply to cases under Ontario 
 laws, ..,: ler which the tines and penalties are to be paid over 
 in the manner provided by tlie statutes relatin}; to particular 
 ottVnces. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 J''VEX1I.E Okfkxiieii.s. 
 
 with till. caSL-s of iuv..nil.^ I , ,*'""""'' Lode. ,kn] 
 
 i2<'il to t.-y such cas,., J,n 'r' , " J""'"^"") an- atithor- 
 
 ^^.co„s«t^ ,etc™s i "'"n '■•"' '," ""'"■'' P«'"«i"»™t. 
 
 at once. - Code N™ "''•'°'"' """' '° ""■ ''""^"""S "F^n it 
 
 »>"ler llO n vX; !nri "^ ""'"""""'j- «« ™*» of theft 
 imrge, of theft under 810, but not of attempted thefts! 
 
2BS 
 
 JfVESILE OKFESDEBS. 
 
 IJn<!fr these sections the jurisdiction of a maj,Mstrate, o- two 
 justices, to try tlie case Hninniarily does not depend upon 
 consent or non-objection, but is absolute. 
 
 If tlierefore, tlio cliarge ajjainst a juvenile oHelider for 
 theft.'or atten.pted theft, of anything under »10 ,n value, is 
 before a uiagistvate, or if a charge oi theft under !«10 .» 
 before two iusticcs, they may pr<«eed with a sunnnary trial 
 even without the oHender's eonsi'iit : see also tlie last part ot 
 Code HVi (2). 
 
 In nroceediuK under Co.le S09 H «•<;., the justices are not 
 t<, try the case suininarily, if the charge appears. Iron, any 
 circumstances, to be a Ht subject for .indictment, even if the 
 accused does not object ; and in that event, they are to hold 
 a preliminary inc|uiry only : Code 814. 
 
 Code 7ftl is similar, and is applicable to cases of thefts ot 
 less than *10 above mentioned. 
 
 If the accused elects, accordiiii; to Code 813, to be tried 
 by a jury, the warrant of commitment for trial must so 
 state:'Cod'e814C2). 
 
 Proceedings.— The proceedin-p for the trial of juvenile 
 offenders under the above ss. 80!) d m,., are initiated by a 
 stmr,> information by a ■•credible witness: Code Hll. 
 The usual forms of information (Form C), and ot smnmons 
 (Form •• E."), and warrant to apiirehend (Form !•.», as given 
 in the Criminal C«le, may be adapte.l to the aliove pro- 
 cecdings. 
 
 The information may be taken and the summons or 
 warrant against the accused may be isisued, by one justice : but 
 the form of summons will then be changed, so as to require 
 the accused to appear before two justices (or a magi.strate) : 
 Code 811-818. 
 
 The usual powers of remand or adjournment, and tor 
 taking recognizances for the appearance of the accused 
 thereon, are given by Code 812; see Forms P. and Q. given by 
 the Criminal Code. 
 
 Witnesses may Ije summoned and, if necessary, bound 
 over to attend: Coele 81.^,810; and they may be arrested 
 under a warrant, for neglecting or i-efusing to attend, ujion 
 proof of service of the summons; or ot the witness having 
 been bound over to appear : Code 817. 
 
 The proceedings are the same as in other cases before 
 magistrates, for which see (iiife pp. 208 et my. 
 
Jl'VEXII.E IIFKEXDEHS. -I'M 
 
 The B„„„„on, for a ,vit,„.,„ „,„v )«, i„,„„, (,v „„„,„„ 
 
 Act ol- '805™;."40,.'" "" '■"■■■""" ^■°''" '»» --"J'"' ''r "'« 
 ™m f„r;T '■™"" "r .■"■°°' "'■ *'"^^'' "'"1 i™"'^ the 
 
 the »a„,e a» ,„ o,-,l„,a.y su.an.ary trials (see „„tXr, 289 1^ 
 the ease ,„ay be, with the following- variations '*' 
 
 a«.^W '.""'" »"^ Persons, apparently un.ler sixteen years of 
 age, to any offence nnder a Dominion law, n.ust take n ace 
 of otTerT "'V'""^ -pa.-atelya,„l apari fron, it tria 
 ot othe, accuse, persona; an.l at suitable tin,es, to be ,leZ. 
 
 5?-l8 m.,Tyrl.''' '■'" ■'"'■''"-^ ""■""■■™ «'^^^ 
 
 And by a. 2, such pei-sons, on beinj; arreste<l or connnitted 
 
 o custody „, any case, either beron., during or af " the 
 
 a" ZZZ"^- ''"\'"^'' ""P-'i—'t «".der:";te, 
 sliail be kept m custody separate and apart from older 
 persona charged with crindnal offences, and fron, all pe™„! 
 fi edT'T T'™" °* ™P"-n'-nt; and shall not te co - 
 hned m lock-ups, or police stations, with older peraons 
 charged w,thcnn.inal otTences, or with ordinary crindnaTs 
 
 anolv°tIra.!''e''"'^'"; l"-'""-' '"^' '"""^'oned p,-ovi«io„., 
 apply to all cases, whether of oHencea under Code 80!) or 
 any Donun.on law. In the case of a toy under tw. "e ^ • 
 g.rl under thirteen years, charged with Iny offence under 
 po,n,n,on laws, the justices or^nagistrate aVr ! . red ty 
 nl: \- -J- "**; ^^ «'™ "O"'^'-- °f ">« proceedin m to the 
 he CIdldr ""V^f-S ''^"'""■>- °'' P^-dent will sl.ffice, o 
 ad al It r ■\'t'^"^^'y (if «"=•■" ■•« "..y in the county) 
 and also to the chdda parent, and all the requirements of the 
 last menuoned statute, as stated po,f p. 298 in regard o 
 Fo""''^ •"'''"'' ^''""""' *""«-.PP'y:and';n:if to 
 
SM 
 
 JUVENMLE OFFENDERS. 
 
 Com or NOTICB TO PAHrNT AND TO Tlir. CHlLDKEN'll AlD SOCIETV. 
 (57-5H Vict., c. 68.) 
 ) 
 ) 
 
 Cana«la. 
 Province of 
 County of 
 To A.B 
 
 K«f|l.i^^ Secretary (..r Prealdenli of tl.e .<'l>"'l"-'''» ')" 
 ■ -■ - , aud to O.I)., parent of the iKiy («( 
 
 Hocietv for tlie County of 
 
 girl), iierehiafter named. ,1,10 
 
 Yon are liereby notified tliat, on the day of . ,,'^-"- ',''.' 
 
 an information wa. dnly laid by E.F. of, "••:•,»«»'"•' ?,;,M,d"rTh; 
 apparently nnder the age of 12 year. "^ • "■''•."PP"'''' !>,;'''„"i, u 
 aU of i;i vear.), a .on (or « daughter , of you, the .aid '■"_•""'',;" 
 alleBen for tha (.<fl ••«! Ilie chimj, itilh ,Hir(,CTtar»), and the "Id 1 .1'- 
 Sa, Sn arreld upon a warrant thereon (or. ha- been »»>"-"-'^f, 1° 
 „„.„er the ..id jharge), and the ^ . ^ ^^day^of^^ ^^ , A.l .^^^ ^^^. 
 
 honr of , ha« been appointed for the hearing of the ,a,d elmrgo 
 
 before the nnderaigned Poiiee .Magistrate (or. two of "■" '■^»J-Y„' 
 .Instiees of the Peaoe) in and for the of , again.t tne 
 
 «aid<!.H. 
 
 in the County of 
 
 , thia 
 
 day of 
 
 Dated at 
 A.U. Ill . ..... 
 
 K. I... Police Magistrate; 
 
 or M.S., O.K.. 
 
 .LP's., Connty of 
 
 The il.ual affldavit of service will be annexed to tile above notice. 
 
 Release without Punishment In certain cases.-lf tlie 
 ,„a,riHtrate or justices upon tl.e hearii.!; of the charge of theft 
 or tttteuipted theft under the above sections of tlie Uin.inal 
 Code, deem the case not proved ; or, if proved, that it is not 
 expedient to inflict any punishment, they are to dismiss the 
 accused, but must tirst require him (in the latter case), to hn<l 
 sureties for liis future good twhaviour : Code Sift. 
 
 The irrounds stated in Code »V1, as amended by the Act 
 of mOOrc. 46, would be tit grounds for "deeming it not 
 expedient to inflict any punishment :" viz.: the age, char- 
 acter and antecedents of the oft'ender ; or the trivial nature 
 of the offence; or any extenuating circ«m.stanccs under 
 which the ofl'ence was committed. The following la a lorn, 
 of recogni/.ance. 
 
 Keco<isizance for Goon Br.iiAViorR. 
 
 See unte p. 87, for form of the recognizance; but 
 instead of the condition there given insert the following: 
 
 " The condition of the above written recognizance i. such tliat if "le 
 above bound CD. shall be of good behaviour for the term of t»eivc 
 months now next ensuing, then this recognizance to be void, othenMSe 
 to stand in full force and virtue. " 
 
JI'VEXILF (IKfENIiERS. 
 
 SS5 
 
 (hi fiiiiliiiK the raw not pmvcil (or. if pi-ovoil, on snrctipH 
 heinit jjiven for fnturc (,'chxI cowlurt \ no fon\ irtion in riconlwl, 
 but till' nccMiHeil in to In' diNMiiasi'.; : nnil ii I'frtiticatf <if dis- 
 miwuvl IK to 1m! iniiilo out nnd .IiIa,- .il to him, in tin- Form 
 T.T.in tlw t'rinnnol Code: Cod- SHI; and the nmwi'd, u|H)n 
 obtttininjj sncli cTtiticntf, or if 1„. is c.invictwl, in ndtanid 
 from any otlicr criminal chtLlgn for tlif same cause : t'oile N2I. 
 
 Conviction.— If the case is trie. 1 Huinmarilv. tlie aeeusi'd 
 uiay Ik' convicted n|)on In's own eonfi-ssion, oi" u]iori |inK>f : 
 Cwle HIO ; and tlie form of conviction niav Ije ihawn up in the 
 Form V.\J. to the Criminal Code : C(Kle ti-'o. The conviction 
 must 1». sij;ned and sealed by l»th jnstici's, or tlie nui;;i»lrii(e, 
 as the case may be. 
 
 Code Nil) (2) provides that snch conviction is n(jt to !«• 
 iiuashed for want of form, nor to he remo\.d by certiorari or 
 otherwise- ; ami that no warrant of connnitmen't under it is 
 to lie held void for any defect therein, if it is therein allegeil 
 that tlic defendant has Ix'en convicteil, and there is a gooil 
 and valid conviction to sustain it. 
 
 Xotwithstandinj; this section the Hi;;h Court may order 
 the pr(weedin(;s to be removed by certiorari, it the justices 
 have acteil in any way in excess of their jurisdiction, but 
 only upon that ground : see Certiorari, uiifr ]ip. 27, 2X 
 
 Punishment — The punishmi ul on conviction, is pre- 
 scribed by Coile 810, viz., imprisonment, ii-ith ,„■ „-ill,„„t 
 luml IiiIhihi; for not more than three months, in the common 
 jail, "or other place of confinement, within the jurisdiction of 
 the justices : " see Code SO!) (2), 
 
 The form of warrant to commit, R.R.R. given in the 
 Criminal Code, may be adapted by making the necessary 
 changes. 
 
 It IB declared by Co<le S30, that the above provisions of 
 the Crinnnal Code do not authorize two or more justices, but 
 only a magistrate or judge, to sentence such offenders to the 
 provincial reformatory. It is to iie noticed that boys under 
 thirteen cannot lie received there: R.iS.O. e. IS, s. 28" 
 
 Instead of imprisonment as above provided, the justices 
 may " adjudge " that the otfendei' " forfeit anrl nay " a tine 
 not exceeding »20 : Code SIO. 
 
 The mode of enforcing payment is provided by Code 823. 
 If the fine is not at once paid, the justices may, it they deem 
 
20<t 
 
 .IIVKNILK (iKKKNIiClth. 
 
 it ox{M>flii>iit, npituiiit u future iluy for Huch imyiiu'iit, fti»l 
 onK-r tilt' nrt't'ii'lev to U^ <U'tuiiit'il " in wii't' fUMdnly " until 
 8uch Any ; uiiIuhh weurity ix yivcii liy rcco^ii/aiiict' " or 
 otliiTwiw" (niciinin^', proK !ily, hy tin- (l<'|Hwit of proi»t'rty). 
 for Ills app'ftraiico on tliu day uppointt'H : CiKlf H'l'i. 
 
 If till' Hnr Ih not ttit'n {miO, ii warnint umlur tliu liantU 
 and HcaU of tlic Munif oi' any othi-r juntici'M may Ix' inMUnl 
 (Form K.K.K. alK)Vf mt'ntionrd i-lian^fd to Niiit t)if facts), 
 Coniniittin<; tin- oH'tMidcr to ^fiiol, or otlu-r place of fonHncini'nt 
 witliiii till- juMtici'M' jurisdiction, for not moi-c tlian tlircc 
 niontliH, '■ reckoned from the day of mucIi adjudication:" t.'o<K' 
 825(2). 
 
 Tlic justices issuing ii '.'arrant to connnit an- merely 
 acting' ndnisterially, Kid i in no nense " Jidjudiealiny. " 
 Tlie intention of .ss, H|0. H2"> of tlie (Viminai ('(Hie prolmlily 
 is that where tlie justic<-M have made an adjiidicatitni nmler 
 Code SlO ihrectin^' the tine to !»• paid forthwith, hut the 
 aeeiised is unahU- to pay the money tlicn. time may In- f;iven, 
 the justices fixing a day for [taymcnt, and adjourning; thi- 
 case until that day. namin^r the tiour and phiec ; and if tiit- 
 nioney is not paid as so ordcrc<i. the justices may, at the 
 ftdjourtK'd hearing;, ad'l a chiuse to the iinnute of acijudicatioii 
 fixiny the term of imprisonment, wliich is to l>e " reckoned 
 from the day oi' such afljudication ;" and not fnmi the time 
 the accused may be lodjjed in fjaol, as i.s pi-ovidod hy tlie 
 forms of cunnnitnieiit in tlie Oiminal ('ode. The justices 
 and the jjaoler must I>e careful to oUserve this diti'erence. 
 
 It is very doubtful wiietlier any other justices than those 
 wlio con\'icto<i the accused could award tlie imprisonntent. 
 notwithstandin^j Code 825. 
 
 No provision is made in the statute, for release after 
 commitment if the tine is paid before the term of imprison- 
 ment expires. Code 901 («») is only applicable to proceedinijs 
 under Part 55 of the Criminal Coile. Prol«bly Code 909 
 may reach the case ; and the form of conviction V.V. 
 provides that the ott'ender tx' released on payment at any 
 time. 
 
 Restitution.— Besides the above punishment, the justices 
 have authority t<j order restitution of the stolen property : 
 Code 824 ; and if it is not forthcoming, they may enrjuire 
 and ascertain its value, and order payment of it; and the 
 money so ordered to be paid may be recovered by suit 
 against the otiender, as for a debt : Code 824 (2) (3), 
 
■MVEXILE IIKKKMICR.,. 
 
 ■><.n 
 
 p~;.:!;"a:u;i^^;\i:;;"'r' '?•'''••■■ "'•'^"- 
 
 '■"< "'";-«'. - 0,1;:;;:,, ■; I,:'', ;r ■;;■";;, '■:^- '■■■ 
 
 j;- i»yM„.„t of ,i„.«. ,.„',s': , ' r ,;:i,::^/';::';'^- ™^, ";■" 
 
 alone ™e..t:[:?r;::^pl^r:jrt!,t7is;:';;^/ "■'■'''' 
 
 ly th. just ces t " " !l a ;'I\' '" ^"''"'"■'"' "■'"'•■<>"i't«l 
 CikJl. (i2:). 1""""'^ "■'•"" "t such «mv.ftiona: 
 
 x;'™.::^ :^:,sf :-- "- ™>.i<^o;:"- "f i»;:!:::;:ert : 
 
MVKNII.K n»-»-GNI»ERH. 
 
 wntfiKv. Atnl it wiHili! not, tliiTi'l'iiri', U- nrd'Hwiry 'o rt-ft-r to 
 thfin ill till- ciiiivictioii: U. v, Mrihr. '.VA N.S.K. 4M. 
 
 Dominion Statute. !••*. A«l'litioiml pn»viMiiiMn for 
 (K'liliiiy with youthful nrtf-iiiltTH in (h«- IVoviiice nf Ontario 
 (inly, iirr inmlf hy hm. :i tf Mttf. of thi- l>oin. Slut.. .'>7-.'iH Vict., 
 c. '>H. iiimI wliii'h n|n>lii'H nut unly to proMerulionM for tin- 
 ottriicfN nftri-iil to in ('ixle N(»!l, hiit iiIno to nil oUmt ottV-miH 
 iijiTiiinst iKintinion Ihwh. 
 
 Uy Mirtinn H of thin j*tiituli', u cliilil ofifMn-'uth/ uinlcr 14. 
 if mininmrily eonvifttnl in n„fiirin of tinj oH't'iifc nyuinNt thf 
 law of ('iiiiii'ia, wlifthi-r iii'lirlulilr or puniKlmhK' on Munmmry 
 ronviction l»'fniv iiiiy court <»r juHtirc, nmy, iiiHtrail of th»' 
 iin|ii'i>uininfnl |irii\ itlfil hy law for tin* viisv, U- coiniiiittcil to 
 tlif <'Iini'<;»' of any Hoint' fnr lirstituti- aiul ni-j;It'rt«'il fliiMrt'ii, 
 or to llif clmrj,')' of any ( 'hil'h-fn'M Ai'l Sm-it-ty <luly or;inni/i't| 
 in any [wirt of Ontario, ami approvi^l hy tlh> LifUt.-Oiivi-rnor 
 (Met- H.S.tt. V. 2:»n. HM. 7-20, ais to CIiil.hvn'N Ai.j SK.'iL'tii'H), or 
 to any ri-i-tifi'ti huhiNtrial School {nn- th.- [niluNtntiil S-htMils 
 Act, k.S.O.'c. :iO-t). Till- ihil.l luUHt \n- uimUt I:1 to l:c 
 received in any Imlustrial ScIhmiI : n. Hi. 
 
 Hys. 4 (tf thestatuteof IK!I4. wlieiiever an infortualion or 
 complaint i** lai'l. in Ontario, a^jain^t a hny under I'i, 
 or a yirl under l:i years, for any oHeiice a^jainst tlie 
 law of Canada, whether indictahle or Muminury, thi! court, 
 juHtice or nnijiintrate seized of the cane must ^ivo notice in 
 writinj; to the executive otticer of tlie Childi'en'M Aid Scwiety, 
 if there is one in tlie county, and allow him to investipite 
 the charp' ; and the justice or majjintrate sliould also notify 
 the child's parents (see form miff j). 2i»4), or o.her jierHon 
 ipparently int^Tested in liis welfare. And the justice is to 
 advise and counsel with them, and consider any ri'|K)rt made 
 by such orticer, ufxHi the charges. If after such consultation 
 and advice, and after hearin;^ the complaint in tlie usual way. 
 the justice or magistrate is of opinion that the interest and 
 welfare of the child will Ih- liest served thereby, then, instead 
 of .sentenciiiy the child, the justice may by order: 
 
 (*(). Autliorize tiie officer of a Childrenn Aid Society to 
 take the child, and bind it out under the Act respectinj; 
 apprentices ancl minors (R.S.O. c. Kil, a 6), to some suitable 
 person until it is 21 yeai-s old. or any lesser age. 
 
 (/>). Or place the child in a foster-home (private family). 
 
 (c). Or imjxwe a fine not exceeding SIO. 
 
■MVKXII.K llCtCNIlKHS. 2!»!l 
 
 ,».,i'.i,'l' "'■'""'"""' '"■■•"^^ne...itl..r lur « ,|..H„i,.. ,„■ i„,|..H„i,„ 
 
 <'l. Or, if tl,,. ,.|,i|,| i, f,„„„| ii, „, „,^, 
 If not com IM...I, jf ih,. cliil.l 
 iintiiiiiiin>,.al,|,., Ih,. jiiHtii-. 
 chil.i to u ,-,.rtiti...| iii,|,i„tri,il 
 
 „ ! 
 KS.I) ... .II.) 
 
 fir I 
 
 rvi'li 
 ••Mi'wii lu Ih' »-«v«-iiic| iirjil 
 
 "I- limjiiHlml,. ,„„y ,.; nil ,1,,, 
 
 ll..f ... . , ,, ■••— ''"111 •K-liiKil, .,|. to thi' lliitni'io 
 
 "'5':'. ".'.'?:. '■"■ '"r- <,'"" -• -!"• ')...ari„ H..f,„.„,at,„.v A.., 
 
 l».y. ..n.l.r l:., " ' '""''"'"" ""' ''•'•'•l'""" ""•' ^ 
 
 rK »l„.„. tl„..v ,„„y Ih. „.,.,.iv,.,l „, ,„„ „^,. I ,^ 
 
 ('mirtilR. I 
 
 I'MvJnrt* nf Oitlnrio. ' 
 ''oiirity of _ ) 
 
 Wlierca-. on thf day of \ ii u. 
 
 l"i ('oll<.fM,Bi.trntf iuand forlhi. I'l ™iiiii.y or 
 
 . i.y A.u. .mi„.t ,•,„. „, ,;' ,„,'", '',1 "7"" 7' 
 
 ■ 11 ' '"' iiiai I wf ftrfr ?/(*■ I'hiiriii-) 
 
 ""■ """ ":,„'■„';'" ' fi,-;-""- »V"'"nr;.';.it.!7r„:';l:; 
 
 '*. ."Ll"Z'!'.'- ""' '"■"■'""" '""■""""■'' "■!""»•■»» " ' .'" »"/-, ' • <«.,., 
 
 And whereas I dill on this ,lnv of »n ,0 
 
300 
 
 JUVENILE OFFENDEBH. 
 
 Or, uf '*<■ child i» »o( M«i, inicri ,i,e foih^ini, "',';'"" "•';'*',;''':;':; 
 
 ™-,Ml ,,f CMiclioH) it having been .hewn that the said t.l). i. wiHull, 
 wayward and unmanageable: — 
 
 I do order that the .aid CD. he and he i. hereby eommltted to the 
 Victoria Indu«rial Sehool at Mimico <*/ ''/,''"'''» /'f'^;^r,'r'i.°' 
 ,7-" «<,.»..» (V,(/,olir, HHbMale the SI. Joh,'i M«>mal >elm,l J.UI 
 Tomnio In the C.i«»lv o/ Yi'rk. If Iht child i» a girl, ,he ,.M hemmmlltd 
 Jli:eMe«Z'mLLLlS,-hJf«^ 
 
 or ro Ihe HI. J/iir.i)'» Indunlrial SchiM,l al TmoHlo, ij Ike girl i» <l lomm 
 Catholic : Bee l>oil pp. 304, 310) . , „ . . 
 
 And I further order, pnr.uant to the Bevired Statute, of Ontai.o, c. 
 ...™ ° thaTuntil the Li CO. .hall r™ch the ap o year., or be 
 
 jher„i.eprovided..^Tre.^;^.^— ->^ 
 
 ss^Hid 's-t;ii ^>'5srs J M t^y ; 
 
 heen cmmtllcd. mming It, «» the c«ae m,,:j he) the bum of » per weeK, 
 towards the maintenance of the said CD. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal this 
 4t in the county of 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 \ day of 
 
 , A.D. 19 
 
 J. P., County of 
 
 or Police Magistrate. 
 
 If tlic child, being a bov over 13 years old («ee R.S.O. c. 
 304 s IB), " convicted under s. 3 of the above Dominion 
 Statute, 67-58 Vict., c. .58, he .should either be ordei-ed to U- 
 .riven in charge of the Children's Aid Society, or if he is not 
 tit to be placed out a.s an apprentice or m a private taimly, 
 he should be committed to an industrial school or the 1 ro- 
 vineial Reformatory for Boys at Peiietanguishene, or it a girl 
 of like character, to an industrial school or the Ontario 
 Industrial Refuge tor Girls at Toronto. 
 
 A copy of the above order and the depositions in the case, 
 with the following certificate of the .justice or magistrate is 
 to be sent to the clerk of the municipality chargeable with 
 maintenance : — 
 
 Ckrtificate of Justice or Magistrate. 
 
 Province of Ontario, 1 
 County of , "r \ 
 
 City of ■ J . 
 
 I do liereby certify that tlie papers hereto annejed are true copies of 
 
 the deposit ion J and or^der made by me in the c..-. otC.D. therein named. 
 
 Dated at , this day of , A.D. 19 . 
 
 The report of the officer of the Children's Aid Society 
 
 upon the ease is to be attached to the order of commitment : 
 
 8. 4 (e) of 57-58 Vict. c. 57. 
 
JUVENILE OKKENDERS. 
 
 301 
 
 After being so coimnittwl, the cliild is to hv <lealt witli 
 under tlie law of Ontario, and a» if connuitted under an 
 Ontario statute : s, 5. 
 
 Dominion Statute of 1890.— •I'luio is also tlie Dominion 
 Statute, 53 Vict., c. 37, wliicli is not repealed (see appendix 
 to Crnninal Code), and wliicli pi-ovides that a mm/Mtnile 
 may sentence a boy, who is convicted before liim'of any 
 ortence in Vntniio, against any Uoniinion law, to a certitied 
 industrial school, for not more than five nor less than two 
 yeai-s ; but he is not to be detained there after attaininir the 
 age of 1 7 years. " 
 
 Code 956 — By Code !l.i(i, al.so, any offender not over 
 Ifi, may on conviction be sentenced to tlii' Ontario Reforma- 
 tory for Boys at Penetanguisheiie. As already mentioned, 
 the boy must not Ije under 13 vears old: R.W.tJ c 313 
 .SN. 27, 28. " ■ ' 
 
 The following notice must also be attached and .sent to 
 the clerk of the municipality : 
 
 Notice to Cocnty (ur City, or Separated Town) Liable for the 
 
 CUaO 8 lUlSTESANCE, ISDEK K.S.O. C. 259»S. (1.) 
 
 To 
 
 The Clerk of the Municipality of the of 
 
 Talte Notice that the foreBoing in a tpiie copy of an order made bv me 
 and aune.xed hereto are copies of the depositions upon which tlie child 
 tlierein named lias been committed. 
 
 You are required to take notice that unless the munlcipiilitv of the 
 
 ... . °' , , "'°''*' liefore me to set aside or vary the above order. 
 
 within one calendar month from the time of your receivine said order 
 
 from me, the municipality will be deemed to have consented to the order 
 
 and will be estopped from denying liability thereunder. 
 
 Dated at the of 
 
 , tills 
 
 , A.I). 19 
 
 day of 
 G.H., 
 .I.P., 
 (tr, Police Magistrate, in and 
 for the of 
 
 The order, with a copy of the depositions and the follow- 
 ing medical certificate, is tc be furnished to the authorities of 
 the Industrial .School or the officer of the Children's Aid 
 Society. 
 
 -Meiucai. Certificate. 
 
 I, , of the , of , in the Cotintv of 
 
 l«mg a duly iinalified medical practitioner in Ontario (or", n» Ihe case 
 iiimj hr), do certify that I have this day fsrmincd 0.1). a bov (m- n» the 
 <<w imy if), committed to St. John's industrial School at Ka'st Toronto 
 and I do certify that the said C.I), is free from anv contagions disease 
 
:i02 
 
 JUVENILE OFFENDERS. 
 
 .. wpll M nnv mental or physical detect or «eBkno»» that might Inter- 
 ferrwith h°s ?S<lu.trlal traiuing, and that he (or >he) nmy be .ately 
 XitTed asan inmate of St. John'. Industrial Bchool(»r „. Ih,m'e man 
 W Without rnjiry to the health or ^ell-being of the other bo.v, (..r 
 girls) there. 
 
 Dated at .this day ot , A.U. 19 . 
 
 If tlie parent, or person interested in the cliilil, claims 
 that the ilisposition made of the child by the al«ve order is 
 illeL'al halwas corpus will lie : see chapter on " Habeas Lorpus 
 „,<te. for proceedin{!». And an appeal lies : see ante " Appeals 
 under Dominion Laws," for proceedings. 
 
 R S C. C. 183.— The various provisions of the Criminal 
 Code above referred to do not supersede those made by the 
 \ct respecting public and reformatory prisons, R.S.C. e. 18.), 
 which is still in force, having been taken from a statiite 
 pa.ssed before confederation, and not having been repealed hy 
 Code 081, and schedule 2 of the Criminal Code : R. v. Spooner, 
 3-2 OR. 451. 
 
 Sections 25 30 of this Act provide tor the comnnttal to 
 the (Jntario Reformatory of boys appearing to be under It) 
 vears old ■ and as. 39-41 for the committal to the Industria 
 Refuge of girls of not over 14, who have been convicted 
 unde? Dominion laws by any "court" (deHnod by s. 18 to 
 include police and stipendiary magistrates, but not one or 
 more justices) in Ontario. Under s. 4ti the superintendent 
 of the reformatory or refuge may, in the name of the 
 inspector of prisons, bind the boy or girl as an apprentice to 
 learn a trade or service, for a term not exceeding hve years 
 from the commencement of the imprisonment, unless the lioy 
 or girl consents to a longer term, and the prisoner is there- 
 upon to be discharged on probation. By s-s. 2 the consent 
 of the Governor-General is required to such discharge ; and 
 by s 48 a county court judge or police magistrate may 
 re-commit any such boy or giri to the reformatory or refuge 
 upon violation of the conditions ot the discharge. 
 
 The Industrial Schools Act.-The Industrial Schools Act 
 RSO c 304 8 16 (1), authorizes the authorities ot an 
 industrial school to receive and detain boys under 13 who 
 are convicted of an ortence against Dominion law^ It over 
 that age, the boy is to be sent to the Ontario Reformatory 
 for Boys, Penetanguishene ; RSO. c. 313, s. 28. 
 
 The above mentioned provisions of Code 809 d >eq.. and 
 of 956, and of the Dominion statutes, 53 \ict., c. 37. and 
 
JUVENILE OFKEXIIEKS. 
 
 303 
 
 1 ."J**^'?*'"! or Dependent Children's Act (Ontario* K,., 
 by the Ontuno Act for the ,„„t«..io„ „f " TcM °,iM,! ' 
 
 t"i,~r °' '"■" '""■ """ •'•1- •««■ ".. 'X ,",i. 
 
 r,i.,.i. ., M«™. „t ,1,. ,1,5,1 "Si ■; ' ,"";■";-■"■'• 
 
 handed over to the cliarge of i.nv home f,„ 1 fl/ 
 ^Kl^^i children, or a„"„d..tvial ^,Z a a! lt,°; 
 A,d .Society, who n,ay permit its adoption bv , itall 
 
 Notice to Parents and Children's Aid Society -Bv x SO 
 
 when a boy under 12, or a <rirl under I'i u „l,°. i ^-.^^ "' 
 otrence against Ontario la.^x.f^rJ'any to;t 'X^X' 
 of competent jurisdiction, notice in writin.r i» to l" "^w,? ! 
 the executive officer of the Children',, Aid S(^letv 
 «..d the child's parents should also te notS " a >d " ' 
 proceedjj^gsand dealings with the ease are to t 'si mil, ''" 
 those above described at p. 298, un.ler s 4 of th. ^ • ■ 
 statute, 57 & .58 Viet, c. 58. l>onnn,on 
 
 Aet'^Wc'soj'^M™''*"--''^' ""■ '"'''»"™' •'^'=''«'l'' 
 .I'Wtlces, for an offence against Ontario law, may be con"- 
 
304 
 
 Jl'VENILE OFKENDERS. 
 
 ii 
 
 initted to an iniluHtrinI school for an indefinite period, and 
 may be detained there until he is 17 yeaif* old (now 18 years: 
 see Amendment Act of 1900). 
 
 And by s. 15 a judge or magistrate, upon complaint of 
 the imhistrial school autliorities that such boy's conduct is 
 incorrigible, or for any of the other reasons there stated, may 
 order the ortender to be transferred from the industrial 
 school to the Ontario Reformatory, for an undefined period, 
 not to exceed his original sentence. 
 
 Section 11 of the same Act also provides for the eouimit- 
 tal to an industrial school of a child, apparently' under 14 
 yeai*s oh', wlio lias been found guilty of pet'y crime. 
 
 In U'j; ling with children under any of the above laws, it 
 is to b." ■ jticed that a child, found guilty of an offence against 
 the law, cannot be sent to an industrial school if it is over 
 the age of 13 years : R.S.O. c. 304, s. 1(( ; but if sent there for 
 any cause other than crime, the child may be received up to 
 the age of 14 years. If beyond these years, the child, if a 
 boy, ma}' l>e sent to the Ontario Reformatory for Boys, at 
 Penetanguishene, up to the age of Hi years: R.S.O. c. 813, s. 
 28; or in the ca.se of a girl over 13, and under l(i years old, 
 to the Ontario Industrial Refuge for Girls, at Toronto : R.S.C). 
 c. 310, s. 1. 
 
 R.S.O. c. 312, s. H, pi-ohibits the connnittal of a child to 
 any institution for adult paupers. 
 
 Certified Industrial Schools in Ontiric— The certified 
 industrial schools in Ontario, to which children may be com- 
 mitted or sent under the above laws, are : 
 
 The Victoria Industrial School for Boys, at Miniico 
 ( Prot^.'!8tant). 
 
 The St. John's Industrial School for Boys, at East Toronto 
 (Roman Catholic). 
 
 The Alexandra Industrial School for Girls, at Toronto 
 (Protestant). 
 
 The St. Mary's Industrial School at Toronto (Roman 
 Catholic). 
 
 Child's Maintenance. — A child placed in charge of a 
 Children's Aid Society, or in a taster home, or conniiitted to 
 an industrial school, must l>e supported by the municipality 
 to which it iK'longs. 
 
JUVEXILE OKIEXDEBS. 3Q5 
 
 The following are the statutory provisions ■ 
 
 Chili5lirS'^;;Ur ^""-"-■''PPlieation of . 
 may order theTavme,.? h! Th '""' " '^""^ ^ conunitte,!, 
 to>4 to whic the ehTLt^ T""'^'' "'^ °'- •«'Pa™te, 
 
 than 81 a Week total r^' "' " ^f '"W^ sum, ii^t les, 
 until he is 14 or ;j^H ,'7,"''™*;'f ^Pporting a boy 
 
 absence of evidence to tV co,,t in- t^.",'"' ^'■■"' ""''■.'" "'« 
 he belongs to the nmncUTtv ■,?„•, ','™'''"P''™ " ""^t 
 custody fs. 6 (2). ''""''P*'"^ '" '»'"<;'' !■" was taken into 
 
 ^ible - ,.,) .or fron. th^^rXH t^b'-'f r'"- 
 municipality : s. 5. epayment Oj the parent to the 
 
 or "fu«rirc''or'ir'''"H' '■'■"" """•^'™' -•-'. 
 
 Koverni^ent Lpfctio, or a„rot ::'' '"^"/""°\™y-t t" 
 law, provision iJ^m Je b^RS-Q c "ooT' -i^' r'n^'^^y 
 ~..ance so long as i[ ren.^ th^^ ;;l^;:tt:: t^ 
 
 for ascertaining what municinal v i.?;„II f P™*'™"" 
 
 in such case, as follows "^^ " ^°' """"'enancc 
 
 And sub-s 2 prnvirfLti I^ -.^ ""^ *""•' manitenance. 
 
 the industrial ^UHs skurj I ' ;"'""='P'""y "■ "'hich 
 
306 
 
 JUVENILE OFFENDERS. 
 
 If the child last resided for one year in the municipality 
 in which the industrial school is situated, the laltv-r iiiumci- 
 pality must pay 82 a week for its maintenance: a. 30 <3). 
 
 In dealing with the case of a child under the above laws, 
 and after conviction has taken place, evidence should be 
 taken in the usual way upon the (luestion of responsibility 
 for maintenance. It is not necessary to first notify the 
 niunici|)ttlity. 
 
 Upon an order Iwing made for maintenance against a 
 municipality, a copy of the order and of the depositions is to 
 be sent to the clerk of the municipality, by registered letter ; 
 and the municipality may give iioti<;e and may move against 
 the order before the judge, magistrate or justice who made it. 
 And in that event evidence may be taken, all parties 
 interested being previously notified; and the order niay be 
 cmifirmed, reversed or amended. But if the niunicipality 
 does not give notice and move against the order in tins 
 manner, within one month from the time the clerk received 
 the copy, the municipality will be estopped from denying 
 liability:R.S.O. c. 259, s. 30. 
 
 The order may be enforced in the manner provided by 
 R.S.O. c. 7(). See also K.S.O. c. 2.59, s. 27 (2\ as t« the 
 parent's responsibility for such maintenance. 
 
 The liability for maintenance is not affected by the child 
 being afterwards placed by the industrial .school artliorities 
 in a foster home, except that, when the cost of maintenance 
 is thereby reduced, the municipality is only hable tor what 
 the industrial school actually pays for such maintenance: 
 R.S O. c. 304, s. 20. 
 
 The above provisions apply to cases where child offenders 
 are committed under Dominion laws, as well as under Ontario 
 laws ■ R .S O c. 304, s. 1« (2) ; and the order for chargeabiUty 
 for maintenance of an offender against Dominion law, and 
 transferred from prison to an industrial school, or committed 
 to such school, may be made by the judge or magistrate 
 before whom the offender was committed, at any time, as m 
 the case of an offender against Provincial law : s. 16 (3). 
 
 When a child is committed to a reformatory, industrial 
 school or refuge, the magistrate or justices are to deliver to 
 the superintendent a certified copy of the depositions in the 
 case- KS.O. c. 304, s. 23; R.S.O. c. 310, s. 18. 
 
Jl'VENIU MUENriERS. 30} 
 
 «r.c8t«l without a warrant amlTrZ.i.f \ '"''' '""y >« 
 who, upon proof of the chil!]" i m f,: .»""'«!•'''■'"«, 
 
 him back to Much imtitut "''."'">'. •'"•}• either re.nand 
 chiM, n.ay con™, 11 or rer' to a'n vTT "' T '"""'«""" 
 the ren Jnder of the ori H, „l ,. , " '""-""Y ?■•'«>" for 
 
 without « warrant l,„,-d,.r that t he chi I ' V , ''"^' .'""^ <'" 
 refornialory prison : ,Sai„e sUtute . •) """"'"■■■^■'J '" '"'y 
 
 ajtirl.totho Industrial Kit,™ Zri^^ ■''"'"'"'"'■• °'' '^ 
 the Mercer R<.forn,„torv, at IWol ' """"'^""" "'"' 
 
 youuli^i^s;: "'J; ti """r- '-'■ "^'"■"« -"■ 
 re,pectin«appre„'tiec:':!:!?,,:LrKMr: i;"f'" ""• '^^^ 
 
 justices, bine the child as a n a 2n e ' 7 'Tu "^ '"'i 
 charity: s. 8. ^ dependent upon 
 
 t-.e api::^^:ic:'ort:trf 'iranirii."^"' ^-"i"*";'' 'y 
 
 tion. cancel the articles o?a;prtHi::shlp;riri7:" "''="- 
 
I 
 
 1 1 
 
 u 
 
 I, 
 
 III 
 
 808 
 
 JUVENMLE 0»TENDEK». 
 
 If an apprentice absents hiniBelf from his master's service, 
 lie may be arrested anywhere in Ontario and brouglit before 
 a justice or police magistrate ; and may be ordered to make 
 satisfaction as directed by th.- justice or magistrate ; ss. 18-19 ; 
 and in default, the apprent, .• may be comnntted to gaol for 
 not more than three months ; s. 1!) (2). No such proceeding 
 can be taken after three years next after the expiration of the 
 time served, or from the apprentice's return to Ontario, if ho 
 has been absent from the province: s. 20; and s. 24 empowers 
 the judge, magistrate or justice to award costs in any pro- 
 ceeding under the Act. 
 
 All tines collected under the above Act are to be paid to 
 the treasurer of the local municipality where the oHence was 
 committed : s. 25. 
 
 An appeal lies to the General Sessions from a decision by 
 a justice or magistrate under the above Act : s, 26. 
 
 And an appeal may be made to a Judge of the High Court 
 in Chambers from an order of the General Sessions canceling 
 or varying articles of apprenticeship, or cancelling guardian- 
 ship: s, 27 : and the practice upon such appeal is provided 
 by that section. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Neolectei. or Depexoent Children-. 
 Tile Ontario InduHtrial SclujoLs Aet R S () r 'mi «. . . • 
 
 r^^V^^^;^ K a'.ns, „r in . ,t.et or 
 
 (t). Wandering and not Imving a lion.e or .settled alvKle 
 or^p^per guarf,an»hip, or occupadon. or vi»iWe 'nl^.^nroi 
 
 priJ:„'- °"*'"'''' """'"" ■"■ -P'"""' "■■ I'-i.-g a parent in 
 of ™i' ?'■" ''^' '■"'•'"" °f ■"■■Kl'"^'. 'I."nke„nes.,, or other vice 
 
 In any of the above instances a judm. or niat^istrntp t„. 
 TmlTr 'TT> ""'■ '"'™ "- ^i'iW br^ug tT for h t 
 
SIO 
 
 NEOUtCTED l>R DEPKNUENT CHILDREN. 
 
 Ami by a. 13 the iiuluHtriiil ncliixjl in aiitlioiiziil to 
 receive Huch child. 
 
 Although no foniial procec(liii(pi lue iiioviilcd, it i» priiiwr 
 tlmt due [orinnlity bIiouM Iw obBerved ; »iid (»h nijecliilly 
 provided, ill BeiidiiiK o Kirl to the ret'iiKe, under niniilar 
 circumstances: R..S.O. c. 310, n. 10) the procee.liiij.m and 
 forum under B..S.(). c. «0, and Criiiiiiial t'cxle, I'art 5N, and 
 which proceedinj.'H an' set forth in the chapter on '■ Siiiiiiiiary 
 Convictionn,"<i life p. 244, should be followed as ni«rly as 
 may be : see Foniis at the end of the present chapter. 
 
 All the provisions of the Act respcctiiiK neRleetpd 
 children, and of the Industrial Schools Act, apply to the 
 cases of girls as well as lioys. 
 
 The Industrial Refugre for Olrta.-R.S.tJ. c. 310, resinet- 
 ingthe Industrial Refuge for Girls in the Mercer Reformatory 
 Building, Toronto, contain somewhat similar provisions to 
 those ill the Industrial Schools Act. But the provisions of 
 B.-8S. (/),(»). of 8. 13, and also ss. 14 and lU (1) of the 
 Industrial Schools Act, are omitted ; and a girl under the age 
 of 14, who is summarily convicted before a magistrate or 
 justice, cannot be committed to the Industrial Refuge. If, 
 however, a girl is committed to jail by a magistrate or 
 justice in the usual way, a High Court or county judge may 
 have her brought before him, and may commit her to the 
 refuge for not leas than two or more than five years : R.S.O. 
 c. 310, s. 5. 
 
 The authority to commit a girl uniler 14 to the refuge 
 for other causes than crime, is extended by s. 7 to jiolice 
 magistrates, but not to justices ; differing in that respect also 
 from the Industrial School? *ct. 
 
 Section 10 provides foi .'.le proceedings and forms to be 
 used. 
 
 In other respects, the provisions of both Acts, as to 
 dealing with children, are similar ; and the same proceedings 
 may be taken as above indicated. 
 
 By 8. 11 no definite time need be fixed by the cuuimit- 
 menl for the detention of the girl in the refuge. The 
 warrant of commitment is to authorize some female to convey 
 the girl to the refuge: s. 14; in which case the person 
 employed will be entitled to receive from the county the 
 same fees as a constable for like services: ss. 15-19. 
 tarift' of fees, see p. 280. 
 
 For 
 
NEaUEl-lTD <IR liei-EMiEXT CHILDREN. 811 
 
 thB!i''rl"!r ■''"'*•'" °' ""'Kifrato nuiy .lir«t tl,.. .l..t,.nti«n of 
 luZril r""r. P"'^"-.^'^' "'■ fo'iH"im,.nt until h„„,™„b 
 «fur \ li'^ tl>., pv,„c.i«l ««tl.„,i.i..» tukos l,..r t<. the 
 refuge «. U. I„ tl.., liitttT ctt«., tho ju,lm. or muLMntrat.. i, 
 to notify till, «.p«riiitc.|i,lt.nt of tl,., r,.f,iK.. : „, , ."'»''"'™" " 
 The Children-i ProtMtlon Aot of Onurio.-By R s () c 
 
 2i» v„ y «tt.n,ive ai„l u»..f,li ,,i,tl,.,ri.y i, ,,iv,.|| fo a i „1™' 
 police or ,t,|,..,i.li«ry ,„a„i,t,.a„, „, ,\,„ ^.ntie, ° "„' X 
 pr,M,..«linKM for the r...,c„e of .u.Kl.,.t...l. ah ,-... o ',le.titute 
 children, of whieli procee,li„«, „„ „,.„i,... i, „„^ ^,i;.'„ """" 
 
 and .f'°" V<'>.»""«>™-^ l-olic" coni.„i,,ioner, in eitie,, 
 
 Ch, .Jreii, A.d Soc'iety to act an c„„stnl,l.., »n,l,.r tli.. Act 
 huch otfic-r may appreheiHl without warrant, a,„J br n!; 
 toore a".,u,i«^"(which tern, i„el,i,l,.. also a «,,».,!»; "^ 
 police niaKistrate, or two juHticeH : „. 2 (,/). ' ' 
 
 Any boy apparently under U, or ;.iil under 1(1, who— 
 
 («)■ I« found bi^KKinK. receivinj; alin.s, or tliievinir in anv 
 
 Btreet or public re«.rt, or sleeping ^t „,^H ,n the o^l*;. 1 ^ 
 (6). Wandermg .It late hours, having no homo or settled 
 
 abode, or guardianship : "emto 
 
 vagmnt ; or by reaaon of neglect, dni..kenne^ or other vice* 
 
 parental control and education, oru.,der circuniHtance, expos- 
 ing It to an idle and dissolute life ; "^ 
 (d) I» found in a house of ill-fame, or in the company of 
 a ,-.^„ferf prostitute^ As to what evidence of the cCcter 
 of the hou«, IS sufficient, see R. v, McNamara, 20 OR 489 
 and R, V. St. Clair, 27 A.R. 308, and cases there cit..d 
 
 naJ^J' "■■ i" ^°""'' '^''»"""'', being a. ,,rphan or deserted by 
 parents, or having a surviving parent in prison for crime ^ 
 
 A child so apprehended must be brought Ix-fore a iu.lire 
 maglstmk., or two justices within one week for investigation 
 of the facts, as to whether the ehild is dependent and , eg 
 lected, Its age, name and resi,le„ce of ,„.rents ; and «" „™fs 
 are to be sninmoiied, and the eounty atlorney may be r uiTed 
 
 nst be notified; Form ,„/,,,,■ and any friend of the child 
 
 ay ap^ar on and the attendance of a representative of 
 
 the Children « Aid .Society maybe re.,uested on its behalf 
 
A:\ 
 
 Sit 
 
 NEOUCCTED 1>H IWI-MnENT CHILDRrM. 
 
 If it i» fmiiKl tliiit till) cliild cimii'H witliiii Biiy of tlif pni- 
 vi»i.in» of H. 7. -.-. 2. "1- if it i» f"«'>'l "' '»• "' » »'"'" "' 
 Imbitiml v»Kraiicv or iiiiniaicmicy. or if it m ill-trwtfil i«> «» 
 to !»• ill iwril uf litv or lioiiltli, or iiioriilily, l>v iirtiliiiiiiil l»'i- 
 Honal injiirv. or liy (.'inve mincoiuluct. or Imliituiil iiiti'iii|i«'r- 
 ttiici' of iiorciit or (ruanliiiii. nucli Hndiiiu i» to Iw fiitunil on 
 till- piiKwiliiiipi liy an order; and ii r-iriiial onliT i">>y '"; 
 mad' out for tlie dtlivHy of tlif cliild to tlie l.liiMrin « Aid 
 Sociftv, wlici limy mud it to tlii'ir tiMHiiorary lioiii.' or idielti-r 
 to !«• it.pt until iiliifiil ill nil appn.vwl toMtur-lioiiif or privul.' 
 fainilv : «. N. Tlioiv i» no "PP'al from mi onlir iimd.^ iiiid.r 
 thin Btatutf l>y a niaKi"trati' or two juKtitw ; tlioi«' oflicuils, 
 ttctiliL' under tlii» utatilte, beii.K yV,«,„» '/«-,./""'■' «'■ 
 (JraiiiKir and The Cliildreiin Aid Society, Kin({Bloii, iN O.K. 
 555. 
 
 'I'lie Cliililn>ii'« Aid Society i» to Iw ^ivi'ii « certiHed copy ol 
 the order, with a «tateiiielit of the facts, ho tar ,w they can I..' 
 ascertained, a« to the Affi. name of the child, and the nation- 
 ality ivsideiice and occupation "t the imrents, or wlletli.r- 
 either of them is dead, or has almiidoiied the child ; and one 
 order may include two or more children examined at the 
 Hiiine time. 
 
 It the child is immoral or ilepraved, or for any other 
 reason is mit a Ht suh.iect to Is- ;,'iveii ill charge nf the ('lul- 
 .Ireii's .vid Society with a view of its U^iii^' placed m a priyale 
 family it may !»■ ordercnl to Ix' sent to an industrial retune 
 for itirls or one of the industrial schools f.ir l«y« alxive- 
 mciitioneil, until it is 18 years ol.l, or tor not more than two 
 years and after the latter jH^rioil to lie ghm in chaise ol u 
 Children s Aiil .Society to Ih^ place.1 in a private family until 
 the child is 18 years old : s. 8 (2). 
 
 Forms of pi-oceediii(,'a are siven, /xi't p. 318. 
 The Children's Aiil Society, uism a child U-mj- eonimitte.l 
 to its care becomes its guardian, and must use special dili- 
 .'cnce in proviiling a suitable home for it ; and it may plac- 
 the child in a private family on a written contract, until it is 
 of the aw of 18 years; the contract is to provide tor the 
 child's schooling, and learning of some useful occupation, and 
 tor kind and proper treatment as a member of the family ; 
 and for payment to the Society of such sum as may he agreed 
 on and the contract is to contain a clause empowering the 
 Society to take the child away again, if the welfare of the 
 child requires it: s. 10. 
 
XOiLErTKIl IIK DKI'KXIltXT ( IIII.I1BKN. 
 
 :il:i 
 
 "11 till' IHIHITH of 
 
 tin' Art l-i>N|Ni-tiii^ 
 
 Tlin SiH-ii.ty in giwu, liy » 1(»(2). 
 ({luinliuimliip <imfiiriil hy m. •> ami II of 
 a|i|in'iitit'i'-i anil iiiiiiorH : Hm.o r. mi. 
 
 If »u.;h el,il.l »-,iH ,l,.»..,t..,| l,y tl„. ,„,,.„|K, tl„. S„.i,.tv ln»v 
 
 at iiuy tn.i,. r,«,lv.. that 11 1,IM shall ,v,„«i„ ,„„i;.,. h,".. 
 
 .S.«»ty« cmtn.l. until it i, ,.f tl„. a^.,, of 21 ,.•«,■» ,„■ ,,„.. 
 
 oarluT ««-_•: lUi.l until that ti , th,. SWily in tohavall th,. 
 
 HKlitN a,,,! ,«,«■,.„ of a ,«,■,„, : h. || . or th.- .S«.i,.,v ,„av 
 ntum Uio chil.l to itx i«,vnt, or ,„ u„y .vlativ ,„■ fri..,,,!": 
 
 ,;f\ I''|"'»',"'».v by «"tin« Humnilw a cliil.l to anv 
 Uuldn-iiH Ai. S,K'i..ty or to any iMc.,r|«rat,.,l B..v»- or (iiri;,' 
 Hoin... or A-yluni or Chil.hrn's or Infanis' Monu'; an.l uiwii 
 NO .louiK th.. p,ir,.nt forf,.itH all riylil to il, ru>.t.»lv or ,.„n[r<.l 
 or authority ov.'r it. or rijtht to intiTlVrc with it ;"». |:|. 
 
 A |«r™t or tfuanlian, or aiiyon,- niav .oniplain to a 
 .|uilj.v, niaKistrati. or twojuHtic..,. that any .•hil.l is in,,,roi».rlv 
 :M..m..l by a rh,Mr,.n» Ai.l S.i, ,y ,„■ o,h,.r rllari'tahh. 
 institution; ami »uoh ord.T may Ik. iiia.l.. a» lli.' wvlfar.. of 
 thu chilli n'.|Uirr», ami i» jiwt ami ivawinahle : », 14. 
 
 S«tio,. .1 piwi,k.« for thr i.roN,.,.utioi, of anv ,,.,^mi 
 ov,.r 1(1 y,.arH ol,|, who ill-lr,ats „r m«l,Tl,, a l.iV in hi, 
 chai-),'.' who IS umK-r 14, or j.'irl iinihr Hi y,.„r.s ol.l. ' 
 
 Any "„m«labl,.." <»,..• ». 2(i CI,, or olliivr of „ (■hil,lr,.n» 
 Al.l horloty, who has ln'oii ai.|irov,..l as nu.nti.ai.d in s "liCl, 
 may am.»t without warrant, any |„.r»oii la. s,.,.s <-„„„„ittin,; 
 mah otfi'iicc ttK'ii'ist a chil.l, if ih,. nam,, ami r.™|,.„c,. of 
 such [KTsoii IS uiikiKiWii to him: s. 2(i (I ,. Aii'l the. ■■ ,;m 
 stable" may take the chil.l t., a pla..,. .,f saf..ty: H,im., s..cti..ii. 
 A iiiatjistrato or two Jiistic.s mnv th...n |il-.x.,.,..l bv iiifor 
 matlon aii.l suiumoiiH or warrant, t., h.ar the eharjie ' aii.l if 
 the ..vHlence sttstailis it. may tb.n e.iiiviet the partv ilLiLsini- 
 the child, in the usual way, pr.K.ee.liii^. as in sumiimry trials. 
 And a fine of not more than *100, .,r (instea.l of a fin..) 
 impriHonment, with or without har.l laUrar, for not inia-,. than 
 six months, or both fin., and iniprisoninent, may Is. im,K)s,..l 
 In ilotault of payment of smh fin.., imprisonment may l» 
 awan e.l for not more than time montliN, with or without 
 hanl alwiir; the latter to )^- in a.lditi.m to any imprisonment 
 awarded for the offence; an.l the imprisonment for non- 
 payment of the fine may bo ..rdere.| to begin on the expiry 
 ot that awarded as punishment. 
 
314 
 
 NEGLECTED OB DEPENDENT CHILDREN. 
 
 ill' 
 
 1!' 
 
 f 
 
 If anyone so convicted, is found to have an interest in 
 any sum of money payable on the deatli of tlie cliild. and is 
 shewn to be aware of that fact, the fine may be increased to 
 9250, and the imprisonment to nine months : s. 23. 
 
 Section 24 makes it an offence for anyone to cause a boy 
 under 14, or yirl under 16 : 
 
 (1). To be in any street for the purpose of begffing or 
 receiving ahns, or to induce the giving of alms under the 
 pretence of singing, playing, performing, ottering anything 
 for Hfile. 
 
 (2). Or to be in any street, or on any premises licensed 
 to sell intoxicants, for the purpose ot singing, playing, or 
 performing for profit, or offering anything for sale, between 
 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 
 
 (3). Or to be in any circus or place of public amusement, 
 for the purpose of singing, playing, or performing for profit, 
 or offering anything for sale (unless licensed in the manner 
 provided by s. 24, s.-s. 2). 
 
 Any " constable " may arrest without warrant any person 
 he sees committing »!ii8 offence, if the name and residence of 
 the person is unknown and cannot be ascertained by him, 
 and may take the child to a place of safety : s. 26 (1). 
 
 Such person guilty of such offence may be convicted 
 before a magistrate or two justices, and the same punishment 
 may be awarded as that above mentioned, under s. 22. But 
 under 8.-8. 2, a police magistrate, or the mayor of a town, or 
 the reeve of a village or township, or the warden of the 
 county, may grant a license for a child over seven years old 
 to be employed in a place of public amusement or circus 
 subject to certain regulations, if it is shewn that such child 
 is fit and not likely to be injured. 
 
 In case such license is allowed, the municipality must 
 assign to some officer the duty of seeing that the regulations 
 and conditions of the license are complied with, and such 
 officer may enter and inspect any such place of amusement. 
 The chief constable shall be such officer until one is specially 
 appointed : s. 24 (3). 
 
 Any police magistrate or two ju.stices may, upon a sworn 
 information by any person bona Jide acting in the interests 
 of any child, that there is reasonable cause to suspect that 
 such child, being a Iwy under 14, or a girl under 16, is l)eing 
 i!I-*reated or neglected in any place within their jurisdiction, 
 
NEOIECTED OR DEPENDENT CHILDREN. 
 
 315 
 
 ZTw h il 'JJ^""''' f""" "'" "'>"''■ -""l 'f ">e officer finds 
 that It h«, be™ .ll-treated or neglected, he h to take it to a 
 place of »fety „n ,1 it can be brought before » judge, magis- 
 trate or two ju<,t.ce»: s. 25; and the 8ea,-ch-warrant, oT a 
 separate warrant to be .«»ued, may authorise the arrest of any 
 LTchtlT /' any offence ««ai„st the law in «spe.ct o^f 
 uch ch.ld ; and proceedings ,nay be then gone on with to try 
 the offender and award punishment: s. 25 (3) 'n,e officer 
 «ecuting the warrant may enter by force, if need be. any 
 hou»e or place specified in the warrant, and remove the child 
 sul,.-s. 4 Ihe search warrant, or warrant of arrest, is to lie 
 
 where there ,s no such officer, to any policeman or constable 
 approved of for that purpose, by the m,n „r of the town or 
 other head of the municipality: s. 25 (5,. One justice may 
 exercise all the powers under the above .section 25 (instead olE 
 two) It tlie case appears to be urgent : s. 25 (2). 
 
 A boy under 14, or girl under 16, may te ordered by a 
 judge magistnite or two justices, to be taken out of the 
 custody of any person who has been convicted of any oHence 
 against the child under s. 22, or who has been committed for 
 rial for such offence, or bound over to keep the peace 
 towards the child : s. 27 (1). ^ 
 
 ^ The order may direct that the child be committed to the 
 c , ,.;e of some relative, or other fit person willing to receive 
 .t, until, if a boy he is 14, or Ifi if a girl, it attains those 
 ages respectively, or for any shorter period, or may order it 
 to te committed to the care of the Children's Aid Society: 
 
 But if the parent, who is committed for trial, is afterwards 
 ac,|uitted of the charge, the above order is to become ipm 
 }itetu vacated : s. 27 (2). 
 
 Any peiwn may be prosecuted, and convicted summarilv 
 in the usual way, before a justice, who induces any child to 
 leave the premises or custody of any Children's Aid Society 
 or Boys or Girls' Home, or Orphan's Home, or Children's or 
 infants Home; or who induces, or attempts to induce, anv 
 Child to (|Uit any service or apprenticeship where the child 
 has been placed under the Act, or who detains or harbours 
 any such child after demand made for its delivery up : s. 28. 
 
 The punishment for any infraction of s. 28 is a fine not 
 exceeding 820 and costs, and in default of payment, imprison- 
 ment not e.'iceeding 30 days 
 
316 
 
 XEOLECTED OR DEPENDENT CHILDIIEN. 
 
 I' 
 
 hi 
 
 In any prosecution under this Act, tlie chiM may give 
 evidence ; and if it is too young to know the nature of an 
 oath, the evidence is to be taken without oath. But in the 
 latter event such evidence must be corroborated : s. 34 (2). 
 
 These latter provisions are similar to those of the Canada 
 Evidence Act, 1893, s, 25, as to which, and as to what cor- 
 roboration is necessary ; see the chapter on " Evidence. " 
 
 The law provides that in dealing with a child under any 
 of the above Acts, no Protestant child is to be sent to any 
 Roman Catholic institution, or family, and vice vcrna : see 
 Dom. Stat, 1894, c. 58, s. 6; R.S.O. c. 259, s. 3H; also a. 
 12 (4) and 27 (2) of the latter statute; also R.S.O. c. 304, s. 
 17. But this does not apply to tlie care of ehildren in a 
 temporary liome or slielter of a Children's Aid Society, in a 
 municipality where there is only one such societj*: R.S.O. c. 
 259, 8. 38 (2). 
 
 A list of the Industrial Schools in Ontario in given aah' 
 p. 304. 
 
 These institutions are kindly conducted homes and schools, 
 where the cliild will be well cared for, fitly educated, and 
 taught some useful occupation ; and will bt^ under those 
 influences which tend to the formation of regular habits. 
 
 All of the above Industrial Schools, as well as the shelters 
 of the Children's Aid Societies, and all children placed in 
 foster homes are, by law, under the inspection of Mr. J. .1. 
 Kelso (Superintendent of neglected and depen.ient children. 
 Parliament Buildings, Toronto), wLo is appointed by tht- 
 Ontario Uovernment, for the oversight of all children brought 
 under the operation of any of the above statutes, and with 
 whom communication may be made, at any time, by anyone 
 concerned. 
 
 There is no responsibility resting upon a judicial officer, 
 requiring greater care, good judgment and reserve, than that 
 of administering the above laws relating to children ; and 
 particularly so, in the absence of actual and serious crime on 
 the part of the child, or its parents, or those in charge of it. 
 The law lays down, in the above statutes, the conditions 
 under which it is considered that a child should be taken 
 from the primarily rightful and natural control of its parents, 
 and placed in other liands ; and the basis of those laws, is 
 the extreme necessity, arising out of the circum-stances which 
 retjuire such action; having regard to the child's life-long 
 welfare. 
 
NEGLECTED OR DEPENDENT CHILDREN SI? 
 
 . Ji ™?Hrr,i™ irir'' "f™— *»■"- i^-i 
 
 crime, and is not VLt: "^ ^1.^7';:^/;^^'/"*'™''' 
 Ontario Retrmato ; L Bot orl' ,,*o"'f "* 1"^ '^ *''« 
 
 >'• any clu.f constable or inspector of no ice (s 7 Un , 
 «pprehe„de,l a boy under 14, or <Hrl imier 6 i-,!, ', 
 I"- "lay do without a warrant fs Wan n i . "'''' "■" 
 ^^Pt ■» charge of the cS!^.? Ai^^tl^^tt <:! I^ 
 
: ! 
 
 318 
 
 NEOLECTED OB DEPENDENT CHILDREN. 
 
 brought, within one week, before a judge, mogistrate or two 
 justices, or a justice specially appointed : a. 2 (rf) and s. 8. 
 
 The following notice is, in the meantime, to l)e at once 
 given to the child's parents or guardian. 
 
 Ni)TE. — That "any person" may bring before a judge, 
 magistrate or any justice of the peace, a child who comes 
 within any of the provisions of the " Industrial Schools Act, 
 B.S.O. c. 304, 8. 11, and in that case the Children's Aid 
 Society should be notiHed, and liie same proceedings should 
 be taken. 
 
 NOTICK TO PaRKST OB GUARDIAN OF APPBEHENSIOS OF CulLD. 
 
 B.S.O. c. 259, 8. «. 
 
 I Child 
 
 Iron's Aid Society of the County of 
 The day o( , 19 
 
 Province of Ontario, 
 County of 
 
 To wit: 
 
 To CD. and E.D. 
 
 You are hereby notified, as the "parents" (or "persons" haviuK 
 the custody), of A.B., a child apprehended under the provisions of 
 The Children's Protection Act, that the investigation of the facts in his 
 (or her) cise will be held before . «t the hour of 
 
 o'clock in the noon, on day, the day of 
 
 19 at at which time and place you are requested to appear 
 
 and 'shew cause, if any there is, why the judge (or magistrate) or justice 
 presiding should not order the delivery of the said A. B. to the Ihi liren » 
 Aid Society of the of , or commit him (or her) to an 
 
 Industrial School, pursuant to the provisions of the said Act. 
 
 Agent, C. A. Society of the 
 
 Affidavit of Service on Child's Parents. 
 
 Ii of the of , in the County of , make 
 ORth and say; — 
 
 That I did on day of , one thousand nine hundred 
 
 aiui , serve CD r.nd E.I)., the parents (or a« 'Atwose woy fte), ot 
 
 ^ B at the of , with a true copy of the within 
 notice by delivering such copy to and leaving the same with each of them 
 personally. 
 
 Sworn before me at the 
 
 in the County of 
 this 
 M 19 . 
 
 of 
 
 .I.P., 
 (or) Police Magistrate. 
 
NEGLECTED OR DEPEXDEXT CHILDREN. 
 Form or SuBpaSA to Wetsekm. 
 
 31!) 
 
 Province of Ontario, • 
 
 <Jounty of I 
 
 To wit: ' J 
 To E.P., of 
 
 „, Jc''.!,?"^''*"- » "hjld tppapently under the «ge of 14 voa™ (ifo hot 
 w le ymr, ,J ; g„l), ha. been IjrouBlit before me G.H., i::,quire (JuJbJ 
 lUg,,trate„r.n«lce, deeeribing him), to bode.lt with nndeJrte CIHN 
 
 vrlre ni'elvt;; '^°'°' ".°'?','°' '^'i'' " """■ '«"° ■='«»• to appear that 
 fh«pl,fiH'^5°/L"' •""""'»' "iJ^"™ on behalf of the eomplainant 
 the Children'. Aid Society of the County of , in thi» l"half 
 
 before'" "" ''^TlZ" *" '^'""" IT '°.'"' "»'' "I'PO"'- l""o,e me, or 
 
 , • 't ' "'* • '" ">e said , on the d«v 
 
 wl.l,. . "1 'he year of our Lord 19 , attlie hour of o'eloek 
 
 in the noor. lo testify what you .hall know concerning the .aid "natter 
 
 n fn' lint. ,- . , 
 
 I 
 
 Constable of the 
 
 Herein fn'. not. 
 Given under my baud and seal this 
 day of 19 , at the 
 
 o' aforesaid. 
 
 Province of Ontario. \ 
 
 County of , - ' 
 
 To wit: ' andsay:- 
 
 That I did on the ilov nf • iv. . 
 
 tttuhi • -r"'"' "r "■' -"■■" -'-d E.F. ; ,°h"a°trC'co ;:; 
 
 S!:rd*^!^'.:tr'Sn"„°rU'.l'tb'rna°.' ""°'' '"''"' ' '^^^ '° ''• 
 Sworn before me at the of -i 
 
 tii'B day of I 
 
 in the year of our Lord j 
 
 TL-H.) 
 
 of 
 make oath 
 
 18 
 
 Caption o*- Depositions. 
 A.B., of , a boy apparently of the aire of 14 vears lor a (rirl 
 
 "Sd oV "'co!;':^, °'r h' '" r?'' '-^ l"ought%efore Le, MiluSd^rl 
 s_gned O.H., County .ludge of the County of (,„. P„i:„. 
 
 Magistrate in and for the of „r G H and K r 
 
 two of Hi. M.je.ty. Justices of the Peace in and fo'r ihe County 
 o' , ). at a. pecial sitting for that purpose on this 
 
 D ''.".. . • ■'^■^- '^ ' 'o >>e dealt with under The Chiidren'. 
 
 bTo Tw!' '■ '.' ^i^-";'; -'" <"'■ "■ " "' '">■ ■"J-rW School, 1« 
 lh„r'in; ),.!!^r "°? °"".' ""'"'«" bearing upon the case, the said A.B 
 lliaving been found begging on the public street in the said 
 S'L f„ii„ ■ ' °' ■■'i"""" ""* "•'' ""■ !"■""«''« Mentioned ,„ Ih, „(,,„., ,„.„„„, 
 tlie following evidence was thereupon taken on oath before me in the 
 presence and hearing of the .aid A.B., and of , Eso (President^ 
 
 of the Cliiidren'. Aid Society for the County of Zii '^™"'"°" 
 
 I'.sq., tlie ( onnty Crown Attorney for the said Countv. and of C B the 
 father (or mother or guardian) of the said A.B. (or C.I)., the father or 
 
 Tiy nXfle'd') "' "" "'" '*'*■ ''"'"« '° *"""' ''""^ ■"« •"^"'"k 
 
 E.F., being duly sworn, says («« nul 11,1 eroleiiee of Ihe aereral 
 itane„e,, which .houlu be signed J, Ihem and Ihe magulrale.) 
 
8S0 
 
 NEGLECTEIi OR DEPENDENT CHILDREN. 
 
 Order for Delivery of a NEOLErrED or Abused Child to a 
 Children'h Aid Society. 
 
 C. 260, R.S.O. ■. 8. 
 
 Province of Ontario. 
 County of 
 
 To wit: J 
 
 In the matter of A.B.. a neglected child, G.H. {Judge, Magistrate or 
 JuaHeea tieacribing them) presiding at the InveBtigatlon. 
 
 Whereas, on this day of , A.D. 19 , one, A.B., 
 
 an alleged dependent nnd neglected child, has been brought before me 
 by the Children'H Aid Society of to determine If the said A.B. 
 
 be a dependent and neglected child within the meaning of the Htatutei 
 in Buch case made and provided. 
 
 And whereas, due notice of this investigition, as appears by the 
 affidavit attached to the written notice filed herein, has been served upon 
 CD. and D.B., the parents {or guardian) of the said child, and the said 
 C.B. has appeared (or not appeared). 
 
 Upon hearing the evidence offered by the said Children's Aid Society, 
 and upon hearing what was alleged by all the parties, and having duly 
 inveHtigated the facts, I {or we) do find that the said A.B. is a depend- 
 ent and neglected child, within the meaning of The Children'M Protection 
 Act, BO as to be ("in a state of habitual vagrancy, or mendicancy, or 
 ill-treated so as to be in peril of life, health or morality by continued 
 personal injury, or by grave misconduct or habitual intemperance of the 
 parents or guardian;" or, as the case maij be: see s. 8). 
 
 That the said A.B.'s name, in full, is {set out names in full), and that 
 he was years of age on the day of * 10 > so 
 
 far as can be ascertained. 
 
 That the parents of the said child are C.B. and D.B. 
 
 And that the said C.B., the father of the said child, resides at , 
 
 and is a (labourer), that his nationality is , and his religious 
 
 persuasion is (Protestant or Koman Catholic, as the case may be) ; stating 
 the name, nationality, residence, religion and occupation of parents or 
 either of them. 
 
 And after hearing the said evidence, and having determined that the 
 said A.B. is a dependent and neglected child {here state whether cither of 
 the parents is dead, or has abandoned the child) , I {or we) do order that 
 the said A.B. be delivered into the care and custody of the said Society, 
 and that now he be taken to the Temporary Home or Shelter of the said 
 Society, to be there kept until placed in an approved Foster Rome, pur- 
 suant to the provisions of the oald Act. 
 
 And I do further order, pursuant to the said Act, that until the said 
 reach the age of years, or be otherwise provided for, the 
 
 Treasurer of the Municipality of shall pay to the said Society the 
 
 sum of $ per week, the same to be applied towards the mainten- 
 
 ance of the said child. 
 
 Uiven under my hand and seal this 
 year of our Lord, iy . 
 
 day of 
 
 If it appears that tlie child has been leading an iinmornl 
 or depraved life, or is for any reason not a fit subject to \ie 
 
NEOLECTKD OR DKPEMDENT CHILDHEK. 321 
 
 •nd 8ub.tit«te the foUowing:^ '^ °' ""* ^- ^- *«i«'y 
 
 2ii¥"r' **'"^''' -'^^^^^^ '- '-"' - 
 
 comes within any of th7cSiti™!' th °- ''?''■ '' "■ « "« 
 
 To K.8.O. c. 304, «. II. 
 
 Mn;^^«lr^\'Al'j r^,r ".r^rrr;"' L?" ?' «■• ■"-' *«., th. 
 
 Judge of 
 or Police Magistrate. 
 or J.P., County of 
 
 «ho„Mtin„;H:'t^" l""'"'»7 °"^- »«'"« -""lo. .-t 
 
 attached, and one ^p^trl'i^P'' "/ '*■« "■■^'^"'='- "hould be 
 the clerk of the m^nfcilhtv .t,"™ "j? '^^l'*''"' "''''«'• *<> 
 with the notice^veT^tX 3oT '" li"" """'""'"Oe. 
 with a copy of the d^.,^^f; ^' ^O' ■ »»"«=n«i. and the other 
 given anJl 301,',^ ^TZt to th t ""f"^' "'''*"'""''« 
 .nd„.riai schoo,/«. -it^ t:^]X1 ^^^^^L^ 
 
 e '5"^Tor"™T'*^"'''* '""'" -"Ponsibilitrunder ^So 
 
 co|;tZo^?rr;:SS-b^:^g 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 11 
 
 :. i 
 
 SyNOPNis Of Offences, with Fobms. 
 
 Provisions of the Uw.-Examples of the manner of 
 stating otfencee are given in Form F.F. to the Cnmmal 
 Code. 
 
 As to what is a sufficient statement: see Code 610, 611, 
 845 816, and the amendment of Code 846 by the statute of 
 1900 c 46 which declares that the description of an offence 
 in any proceeding, in the words of the Act, by-law, regula- 
 tion, or other document creating the offence, or in any similar 
 words, shall be sufficient in law. 
 
 Tribunals.— (/tisfwM ■) One justice (or two or more jus- 
 tices if it is so required by the particular statute), may try 
 thoa^ offences only, which by any statute or law creating the 
 offence, are declared to be so triable ; but if a statute provides 
 tor the punishment of a particular offence on "summai^ 
 conviction," a justice is impliedly given jurisdiction, even if it 
 is not so expressly specified. 
 
 Objection by the parties does not now oust the summary 
 jurisdiction of justices in common assault: see the Amended 
 Code 864 in the Act of 1900. 
 
 Two or more justices sitting together have, 'oy virtue of 
 the Amended Code 782 in the statute of 1895, c. 40, jun^ 
 diction to try summarily witlunU the conmnt of the accused, 
 the offence of theft, or of obtaining money or property by 
 false pretences, or unlawfully receiving stolen property, if the 
 value does not exceed »10: (Code 783(a)); and also the 
 offence of keeping, or bei:,g an inmate or habitual frequenter 
 of any disorderly house, house of ill-fame, or bawdy house : 
 (Code 783 (/)). 
 
 In other cases than those referred to in the above para- 
 graphs, a justice has no authority to proceed with a summary 
 trial ; but is to hold a preliminary enquiry, and proceed as 
 described in chapter XV., (1.). 
 
 (Maqistmte.)—A "magistrate:" <««« *« *'*°'"°" . '° 
 Code 782 as amended by the statute of 1895, c. 40), has 
 absolute jurisdiction to try summarily without the consent of 
 
■VNOPSIS OF OrriNCEB, WITH FORIfs. 323 
 
 J^''^^"^ °' """.^fi;"*" «"'"»''«tod in Code 783 ; «« 
 8l«o Code 784 u amended by the «utute of 1900, c. 48 
 
 The offences so triable are the following • 
 
 ((>) Attempting to eomniit theft; (but ti 
 
 the above offences 
 
 — — .J OT „,cu „y [„g mainsi 
 
 consents but also pleads guilty .■ see i,,/,,',)" 
 
 .«Sn^^r^r;'V^r^:;^'^i^'i-sr^ 
 
 weapon or mstrument, any m-ievous l»w)ill 1 without a 
 
 oiner part of this Act, and such assault, if upon a female n If 
 amounting, in his opinion, to an assault withTnte^ntlo^tumit' 
 
 und?rVaLtTfi^':^"^'"«""^P"'^-'f-^P-- 
 waje'i «n^"arp^,':^"''»« "' -«*»'--« »y ^et or 
 
 :rCrofsetg^a::y po^!; '^""''"^ - -^''^^'^^ -^ •«' 
 (A) becoming the custodian or depositary of anv monev 
 
 property, or valuable thing stak.,1, wigTred 'or plZed ^° ^' 
 (0 recording or registering any bet or wager or selling 
 
 any pool, Uf»n the result of a^y pofitical or municipal eltS 
 
SM 
 
 HYHOPUH or orrEKcw. with roRin. 
 
 or of any race, or of any contest or trial of nkill, or endurance 
 of man or buaat. 
 
 FomiH of then charges are given infra under the different 
 titteH. 
 
 A niagiatrate has also jurisdiction, by Code 785 as 
 amended by the statute of 1900, c. 46, to try summarily, with 
 the cormfut of the accused, and to punish, as there mentioned, 
 any offence which can be tried before the General Sessions, 
 whether the same is inchuled in thooe mentioned in Code 783, 
 or not ; and whether the accused has bven originally charg'jd 
 before such magistrate, or has been committed for trial by 
 any justice for the county. 
 
 This section of the Criminal Code formerly applied only 
 to magistrates in Ontario, but was ext^ded to magistrates of 
 cities and towns in every part of Canada, and to recorders 
 where they exercise judicial functions by amended Code 78G 
 (2) in the SUtute of 1900, c. 46. 
 
 The General Sessions has power to try any indictable 
 offence, other than those specially excepted from suc|i juris- 
 diction by Code 540, as amended by the statute of 1894, c. 57, 
 and by the statute of 1900, c. 46. 
 
 So a magistrate has the like jurisdiction, and may try all 
 indictable offences, provided the accused consents, except the 
 following : 
 
 Treason, Code 65 ; accessories after the fact of treason 
 67 ; treasonable offences, 68, 69, 70; assault on the king, 71 . 
 inciting to mutiny, 72 ; unlawfully obtaining and communi- 
 cating o6Scial information, 77 ; communicating information 
 acquired by holding office, 78 ; administering, taking or pro- 
 curing the taking of oaths to commit certain crimes, 120: 
 administering, taking or procuring the taking of other unlaw- 
 ful oaths, 121; seditious offences, 124; libels on foreign 
 sovereigns, 125; spreading false news, 126; piracy: any of 
 the sections in Part VIII. of the Criminal Code ; judicial 
 corruption, 131 ; corruption of officers employed tn prosecuting 
 offenders, 132 ; frauds upon the Government, 133 ; breach of 
 trust by a public officer, 135 ; corrupt practices in municipal 
 affairs, 136; selling and purchasing offices, 137; murder, 
 231 ; attempts to murder, 232 ; threats to murder, 233 ; con- 
 spiracy to murder,234; accessory after the fact to murder,235; 
 rape, 267; attempt to commit rape, 268; defamatory libel : any 
 of the sections in Part XXIII. ; combinations in restraint of 
 
srNOBiw or of«ncb,, with fobiih. m 
 
 bril«^,%r undue "flu^„7^',^„.'"^f 17 ■;"'•■'"•• ^ «'" 
 K.8.C.C. 8,,. 11«. "°""'""" '■'I'^tio,,, Act. See .!„ 
 
 The above oMoncwi can oiilv I.. t« -i i. 
 Court ;" and .. n„Bi,t^at.. or uiticel \^t iV " " ^"^""^ 
 enquiry only. Airither indiSroCe: ' " V'f^V' 
 • n>aKirtrate, if the accused consenlH ^ '""^ ""^ 
 
 be tried hy a rna^.trate iinuL" , .^ /„ ^ rot-^nU """' "°" 
 but^a.» plead. «uiUy: ».e the new^'l^i;^ {.l^'f J~^. 
 
 tune ix not limited bv tho rSJt- ) ^ ' JUBtice. if the 
 
 offence, the intmaZn n.u^t ^-r.-r '•■'«'"'«/'>'>"« 
 month,, except in the Nor"l-WeHt tL' ■'" ""', ™''""''"' 
 twelve month,. """' remtorie,., where it i. 
 
 Prosecutions for anv of thi. ««-....„ 
 .nu.be Wu«htwithi,.^h:tir;-rSlS:!n^'. 
 
 par^r^r-SiSx^::;::^-^ 
 
 .bo^^"u£'s:^:Z""""^""'' ""■ ■""'■"""- cited on the 
 theditfereittiw ^'^'^'"''^ '"«'" "' "'» book under 
 
 OrFENCKS. 
 
 v/'T'"'"'"*'". "' •=""" "nder Two Years OW- r^ 
 
 i^1^^-4^!:-:;:,;-rf«S 
 
 exposes any child under the a-^rof two ""* "T'^T "" 
 bfe .s endan«er«,, or its health's ;r„'l"en\'i;™„;„',T''^ "" 
 
 omissi„?LTakt Z^t-thr-^idTt^ " '"t ';■ " ''"f"' 
 legal y bound to dn ^ iL , ""e P*^ ol a person 
 
 e-uLdtoiert^:;»^s:t^,^^Jehit 
 
 ^ij*^ °-f f^*"'!;'— That A.B., lit 
 
 did unlawfully abandon and exM,e A . „hl^ ,' ■ AD. H , 
 
 .. nnknown) than nnder the aTof t^oy".;^ ^'"y.' '^"^ "'«'•» "'-i 
 
 »K» or two years, wherebj- tbe healtb o( 
 
826 
 
 HYNorMM or ornExoDt, with rDRMH. 
 
 tli> nid eklld !• parmuintlr Inlurad (or, wlnnb; Uw lift of th« nl4 
 •blld WM •DdBDKvrsd). 
 
 JVi*HMif.— 8«Hlonff. UtffialrftU on «onMDt. 
 
 limttuHon.Sotk: 
 
 Abduetlon of Woman of any Agt : ('ndr .'«/.— Every 
 
 one U ({"'"y "' *" i'i<li'!t«'''e oflonce and liable to fourtmi 
 ytam imprimHinent who, with iiitvnt to marry or carnally 
 know any wmiuin, whether married or not, or with intent to 
 caiwe any woman to be married to or carnally known by any 
 other penion, takes away or detain" any woman of any age 
 againHt her will. 
 
 rorm 0/ C»or»«.— Th«t A.B., on , «l , did unl«w(uUjr 
 
 tnka >w>; (ut dotnlii) •laliiil bar will • woman, n>m>d C.I)., witb Intent 
 to mury ber (or earnnlly know horl^ wlt^ Intout to enuH bar to bo 
 mnrrlod to (or urnally known b7) X^. 
 
 TribniMi/.— HoHioDi. Mnglttralo en eoniont. 
 
 Limitation.— Hoik9. 
 
 Abduetlon of an Heirau : Calr ..'«.'.— Every one in ijiiilty 
 of an indictable offence and liable Uj fourteen yearn imprimn- 
 mevl who, with intent to marry or carnally know any 
 woman, or with intent to cause any woman to be married or 
 carnally known by any person — 
 
 (i«) Fnim motivet of lucre takes away or detains ajiainnt 
 Iter will liny such woman of any age who has any interest, 
 whether legal or et]uitablo, present or future, absolute, con- 
 ditional or contingent, in any real or personal estate, or who 
 is a presumptive heiress or co-heiress or presumptive next of 
 kin to any one having such interest ; or, 
 
 (6) FmuduUnily allures, taken away or detainn any such 
 woman, being under the age of tirenty-ime yearn, out of the 
 possession and against the will of her father or mother, or of 
 any other person having the lawful care or charge of her, 
 with intent to marry or canmlly know her. 
 
 Form ofClutrgt (»PK(«r Code 3S1 (a)).— Tbnt A.B., on , at 
 
 , did, for motive! of lucre, nolawfully take away (or detain), 
 against her will, a woman, named CD., with Intent to marry (or carnally 
 know) the eald C.l>,, or with intent to cause her to be married to (or 
 carnally known by) E.F., she, the said C.P., then having a legal (or 
 equitable) present absolute (or future absolute, or future conditional, or 
 contingent) interest in real (or personal) estate; or, she then being a 
 presumptive heiress (or co-heiress, or presumptive next of kin) of O.H., 
 wbo then bad a legal (w eqaitable) present absolute (or future abaolute. 
 or future conditional, or contingent) interest in real (or personal) 
 estate; or 
 
 Fader Coilc IS! (k).-That A.B., on ••',„„,.' rj"" 
 
 Intent to marry (or carnally know) a woman, named CD., she then 
 
M'CMnU <» e«DHDl, 
 
 Ih. ,y,., 
 
 KVNOM18 or orrtSftH. with roHMH. 327 
 
 IVi»aM(,-8<uloM. 
 il<MlaN<M.— Nou. 
 
 Abduetloo of • Girl undir SlxtMn : r,>i. 
 
 Olio III jfuilty of an iii.lict.il.lo oITimic. iid li»l,i, 
 tmprmmmnil who unlawfully tako» or cai,-., ,., ;, tak,.,, 
 any uuinarri..dKirl,beinKun,lortl...aKt.of «,i,„. v.us , „t 
 of tho ixMwmion and againHt tlio will .,i I,, i- r,.|i„. ■ 
 mothor, or of any other pornon having th. lawful , .,•, .„■ 
 cliargo of her. 
 
 2. It Ih immaterial wlwthor tl... girl \h take. will. i„ , 
 own consent or at her own miKKCHtion or not. 
 
 3. It i« immaterial whetl».r or not tl„. olfen.ler b.•l.e^,.J 
 the ){irl to be of or above the ngr of «ixteen. 
 
 /orm„f cimrge.-Tktt A.B. on ,. h.j 
 
 »*„'/". h' '"" 'T '"•'. " ■» ••'"") •" "■■■»«"i.;d" in »m.d r 1) 
 
 o? E K . S?r'" :° V ^'"v" "" "'" °' k" '•""■• (" moth,r, ,^ 
 
 C U ) .h. K. ild C °D tJi^lil" '•"';' ";• '" """" »' ""• "» ■• 3 
 V.U.J loe, ma uia CD. then balnx uiidsr the tgt of 16 ;iara. 
 
 IWhiiuil.— Seailoni. M>||litrate on toiiHnt. 
 J^MltelHm.— None. 
 
 ,.,*'^""'°°- St«Uin» Children under Fourteen: c.„i, 
 -W.J.— hvcry one m guilty of an iii.lietable offence and liable 
 to Mvm yean tmpnmnmeni who, with intent to deprive 
 any parent or guardian, or other |>er«,n having the lawful 
 charge, of any child under the age of fourteen yean., of the 
 po«He«iian of »uch child, or with intent to steal any article 
 about or on the person of such child, unlawfully— 
 
 (a) Takes or entices away or detains any such child ; or 
 
 (6) Receives or harbours any such child knowing it to have 
 been dealt with as aforesaid. 
 
 2. Nothing in this section shall extend to any one who 
 pte possession of any child, claiming in good faith a right 
 to the possession of the child. 
 
 /•o™ „/ C»orj. ; (Code'J84 (o)).-ThatA.B. on at 
 
V 
 
 328 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 may be changed $o tu to state the charge to be that of " receiving or bar- 
 bonrinff " the child " knowing it to haTc been theretofore taken/' etc. 
 
 IWbuMl.— Seiiioni. Hagiitrate, onlconsent. 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Abduetlon, Kidnapping : Code 264, as amended by the 
 Statute of 1900, c. 46. — Everyone is guilty of an indictable 
 offence and liable to seven years imprisonment who, without 
 lawful authority — 
 
 (a) kidnaps any other person with intent — 
 
 (i) to cause au'jh other person to be secretly confined or 
 imprisoned in Canada against his will ; or 
 
 (ii) to cause such other person to be unlawfully sent or 
 transported out of Canada against his will, or 
 
 (iii) to cause such other person to be sold or captured as 
 a slave, or in any way held to service against his will. 
 
 (b) forcibly seizes, or confines, or imprisons any other 
 person within Canada. 
 
 2. Upon the ti-ial of any otFence under this sf-ction the 
 non-resistance of the person so unlawfully kidnapi d '»r con- 
 fined shall not be a defence, unless it appears that it was not 
 caused by threats, duress or force, or exhibition of force. 
 
 Form' of Charge; {Code 264 (o)).— That A.B., on , at 
 
 did, without lawful authority, kidnap C.I>. with intent to cause the said 
 CD., againnt his will, to be secretly confined or imprisoned in Canada, 
 or to be unlawfully sent {or transported), against bis will, out of Canada: 
 or to be sold or captured as a slavt (or held to service against his will): 
 or that A.B., on .at , did, without lawful authority, seize 
 
 and confine (or imprison) C.l>. within Canada. 
 
 Tribunal.— &6»»ionB, Magistrate, on consent. 
 
 Limitation.— tione. 
 
 Abortion : Cmie :.*7J. — Every one is guilty of an indict- 
 able otfence and liable to imprisonment fm- life who, with 
 intent to procure the miscarriage of any woman, whether she 
 is or is not with child, unlawfully administers to her or 
 causes to be taken by her any drug or other noxious thing, 
 or unlawfully uses any instrument or other means whatso- 
 ever with like intent: R.S.C. c. 162, s. 47. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., on , at , did unlawfully 
 
 administer to (oi- cause to be taken by) a woman, to wit, CD., a drug 
 (or *' a noxious thing ") to wit {state uhat the drug or noxioun thing was), 
 with intent to procure the miscarriage of the said CD., or did unlaw- 
 fully use upon a woman, to wit, CD., an instrument (or if other meato' 
 were taken describe them), with intent thereby to procure the miscarriage 
 of the said CD. 
 
 IWiwtw/.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 lAmiUition. — None. 
 
srNOPsia or offences, with forms 329 
 
 v.J^'I^' *°°^ Procuring:, on Herself: C^e i>7J — 
 «^^,!r*^ " ^'"^ "' *" "'dirtiWe oHeuco and liable to 
 ZuJT '"r*"*"^' "ho, whether with child or not 
 tetd^to'Lr^'""'^" '*' ''!-« " I-"'"'- to be ijmi™«: 
 1^8 o^ .^el?r "^ ".""'"r """"•" ""»& <" onUwfully 
 n, nth ?'■ P"™"* 'o *» "«"J 0° her any instrument 
 
 RSC e.T2"r47'''^'" "'"' ''"™' '° ^^^^ -"-ca^ri.^ ' 
 «>r»i 0/ e;ioi-»t.— TLat A.B., a woman d'd on .. 
 
 JViftHM^—SeuBiooB. Magiatrate on consent. 
 LinitalUm, — Xone. 
 
 Fv,.!'""'""' ^"fP'y'"8r Drug:s to Procure: («/. -w_ 
 fcvery one .s guilty of an indictable ottenee and liable to*,™ 
 years ^mpn«onm.nt who unlawfully supplieN c7 nr^ure» 
 any drug or other noxious thing, or any ii^ftrum'nt l7t"Z 
 whatsoever, knowing that the san,e is intended to be „„ aw 
 fully used or employed with intent to procure the mtca^We 
 
 c IbIsT""' "'"""'" "'"^ '" "' ''" ™' ^"'' •^•'ildS 
 
 7yift«no?._Se89r.n8. Magistrate on consent. 
 Limitation. — Xone. 
 
 Abortion. Killing Unborn Child: fW, ,.v/_Evervone 
 
 .^r «»/. who cause, the death of any child which has ™t 
 become a human being, in such a manner that he wou^Thave 
 been guilty of murder it such child had been bora. 
 
 ffi^^fK considers necessary for the preservation of the 
 
 chfld hl^ """^^7 "^ ""' '^''"'^' "■■"'■•«"' ">" death of any such 
 child before or during its birth. See also Code 219 as to 
 when a child becomes a human being. 
 
 form 0/ Charge.-TbBt A.B., at „„ j n ■« 
 
 did uulawfuuy and wilf.ily, and with maHci aforethouRhi, o.um thi 
 
3ao 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OkPKlJCKS, WITH FORMS, 
 
 death of a child of one (CD.), wbioh i 
 Dot then become a human being. 
 
 I then anborn and which had 
 
 {*•. 
 \l', 
 
 Tribunal.— SesaioM. 
 lAmitatUm.—^one. 
 
 Magitttrftte od eonsent. 
 
 Accessories. — Accessories before or in the act are now a 
 principal, so any one who coinniits, or by act or omission aids 
 or abets, or procures another to commit an offence, is a 
 principal; the degrees of culpability and the distinction 
 between principal and accessories before the fact being 
 abolished : Code til ; and when several persons form a common 
 intention for an unlawful purpose, and to assist eacli otlier 
 therein, all of them are principals in the commission of any 
 offence by one of them in the prosecution of such purpose, the 
 commissiou of which offence was, or ought to have Vwen 
 known as a probable consequence of the cairyin^^ out of such 
 common purpose : Code 61 (2). Anyone who counsels or pro- 
 cures another to be a party to an offence of which the latter 
 is afterwards guilty, is a principal, even if it was committed 
 in a different way to that counselled or suggested : Code 62 ; 
 and a person who so counsels or procures another is guilty as 
 principal of any offence which the former ought to have 
 known to be likely to be committed in consequence of such 
 counselling or procuring: Code 62 (2); I Rusa. 175; R. v. 
 Gregory, L.R. 1 C.C.R. 77 : R. v. Ransford, 13 Cox, C.C. i>. 
 
 Accessories after the Fact.— After an offence \\m been 
 committed a person who receives, comforts or assists the one 
 who has committed it to escape, knowing such person to have 
 been guilty of such an offence, is an accessory after the fact 
 and liable as such : Co4le 63. 
 
 Accessories : Husband and Wife.— A husband or wife 
 does not l>ecome an accessory, nor guilty of any offence, by 
 assisting the other after the fact ; nor does a wife become acces- 
 sory by receiving or assisting in her husband's presence and by 
 his authority, another pers(jn who has been a party, with the 
 husband to an offence in order to enable either to escape : 
 Co<ie 63 (3). Rut a wife acting as accessory before the fact 
 by aiding or abetting in the commission of an offence becomes 
 a principal offender: Cwle 61, even if she dees so in the 
 presence and under the authority of her husband, except in 
 the case of compulsion, as provided for by Code 12 ; and 
 such compulsion will not be presumed : Code 13 : see Hale, 
 P.C. 621. 
 
SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 331 
 
 Notts «'?.'rr^,''^Z' """"" '" '*" "'"'»'»»'>' B«»k 
 
 IViJiiiKil.-TwoJuBticei, summ.pily. 
 /.(».i«llfo«.-None. Punishment, »100, or tLr.« monthi. 
 
 Aiding and Abetting: Treason : f,w. 6',-._,See -treason " 
 
 or murder: see Code 235. i.re»»on, 
 
 Aiding: and Abetting: Suicide : rv«i. ,'„7._Everv one i» 
 
 life who counsel, or procure., any ,,e,-son to commit suicide 
 actually connn.ttedm consciuence of su-l, counselling or Z 
 
 or:ui:,"i;" "''" ""' "' "*"'" "">' p"— ' '" "- »-»'-^" 
 
 Accessory after the Fact to Murder: rw<- '.M-Fverv 
 one ,s gudty ot an indictable offenc... and liable 'to imprlso^ 
 ment for l.te, who .s an accessory after the fact to nmrdcr 
 
 An accessory after the fact may be tried for his offe.icc 
 eventf the pr.ncpal offender has not been indicted or on! 
 vtcted, or ,s not amenable to .justice, or even if the latter is 
 unknown. And he may be tried alone or for the substantive 
 offencejotn ly with the principal, and whether the latter has 
 
 Jrf h.t.K. 189; 1 Russ. (ith ed., lS!t, 1!)0. 
 
 Form of aaj. (Code 63).-Tl,at aome person or person,, „„ 
 
 pecj, and does snspect ..,». C.D.'did ot™?";;.. t^d'SJenTln'd" Sll 
 
 eon.n,it.ed the s.id iffenee, did afte;™,^,''"."!,? ""■ "''„?"■ '» ""I! 
 the County of . on the day ot A n 10 1 
 
 .rierir;h7"pt=r"V^ete^S;;^d"'";f:nr'if:°^","?r' 
 
 i.»iW(.>,,-The same a, for the particular offenee: see Code 5,11 
 Po»i«»m.ii(,— Provided by Code 5ai, 53:!. 
 
 For form of charge of being accessory after the fact to 
 treason, or neglecting to give informatiotf, etc., see C^ie ii7 
 see 1 reason ; see also, as to other ca.sos. Code .'iSl, ,532. 
 
 Accusing of Crime.— See E.xtortion. 
 
 Administering Drug with Intent: v„u >u _E,.,,y 
 one IS gu, ty of an in.lictable offence and liable toimnri^ 
 ^nentfor hfe. and to I. u-hi„e.l. who, with intent iZbTTo 
 
Mi 
 
 .132 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OrriNCES, WITH FORMH. 
 
 ]Ur 
 
 unable liiinHelt' or uny other person to commit, or with intent 
 thereby to assiMt my other perron in committing any indict- 
 able oflfence - 
 
 (/>) Unlawfully iipplieH or administerH to, or eauHes to be 
 taken by, or attempts to apply or admininter to, or attempts 
 or causes to be administered to or taken by, any person, any 
 chloroform, laudanum or other stupefying or overpowering 
 drug, matter or thing: K.S.C. c. Hi'2, sh. 15 and 16. 
 
 {<() By any means whatsoever, attempts to choke, suffo- 
 cate or strangle any other person, or by any means calculated 
 to clioke, suffbtute or strangle, attempts to render any other 
 person insensible, unconscious or incapable of resistance. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., Ht , ou , A.D. 19 , 
 
 with intent tliereliy to enable the fuid A. II. (or one, C.I>.) to {stale the 
 intUctnhle o fence rommiltedor nltempfeil) , to one E.F.,did imlawfuily apply 
 (or admiiiiHter, or attempt to iipply or administer) to (cr cause to be taken 
 by) the said F..V. chloroform (or laudanum, or a Htupefyinjr or overpower- 
 ing drujf, matter or thinff, stiiti^ig what it was) : Code 244 (6) : or, did 
 unlawfully attempt to choke (or snffocate, or strangle) the said E.F. ; rw, 
 did unlawfully attempt to render theKaid E.F. inneiisible (or unconscious, 
 or incapable of resiatence) by means of {state the means userl) in a 
 manner calculated to ehoke (or Nuifocate, or strangle, as the ease may be) 
 the said E.F.: ikvtc J4-I {a). 
 
 Tribunal. — SosKions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitation .^^onv . 
 
 AdministeFlns: Poison so as to Endangrer Life : C(k/^ 
 iJf.'i. — Hlvery one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable 
 to foiirtffii f/furn iinprlmm'nu'nt who unlawfully administers 
 to, or cJiu.ses to be administered to or taken by any otlier 
 person, any poison, or other destructive or noxious thing, so 
 as tliereby to endanger the life of such jMn-son, or so as thereby 
 to intfiet upon such person any grievous Iwdily harm : R.S.C. 
 c. 1G2. s. 17. 
 
 Form of Charge .—Thai A.B., at , on , A.D. 19 , 
 
 did unlawfully administer [or pause to be administered) to (or cause to be 
 taken by) <L1)., a poison (or a destructive or noxious thing) namely 
 (state tphat it was), so as thereby to inflict upon the said CD. grievous 
 bodily harm [or eiidaiigei- the life of the said C.I).). 
 
 TrihuHat. — Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Administering Poison With Intent to Injure: Code J46. 
 —Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to 
 thref, jfeavH impnuonment who tiiilawfully administers to, or 
 causes to be administered to or taken by any other person 
 ajiy poison or other destructive or noxious thing, with intent 
 to injure, aggrieve or annoy such person. 
 
 ■'wrwm 
 
STNOreiS OF OFKENCKS, WITH FORMS. 33H 
 
 xorm of CkoTffe Thftt A B «t 
 
 IVi4i.iio(.-M.gi.trate on coment. 
 X*n(«o«ofl.— None. 
 
 Adulteration ol Food, Etc. 
 
 (.foorf) : K.S.C. o. 107; S3 V. c. 26 ID I 
 
 {Milk):lh. 
 
 (Bulter) : K.S.C. o. 100. ' 
 
 (C»raM); 56 Vicl., c. 37 (D.I. 
 
 (flOBUJl); .w Vict , c. 12, D ) 
 
 (Dng,): R.g.C. c. 107; 53 Vict., c. 26 (1) ) 
 
 (Ferm,„.) : R.g.c. „. uj. R,g j, „ ,„,. .,, ^..^^^ _^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 Afflray : r-urf, 9ft_An atfrav is the act of flirhtin,' in 
 public m any other place to which the public have access 
 
 with hard lab^™: RSafuT s.T;. '""' ™^"'™'"™' 
 
 Form 0/ CTuiri/e.—That A B und r n .t 
 
 TnimiM/.-Sessions. Mugi.tpate on consent, 
 iiwttertojj.— None. 
 
 c. 177. Hee also 
 I'mle SIJ, s...,. („) 
 
 Anatomy.—Act of Ontario, R..S.0 
 Dead Body. 
 
 Animals, Offences in Respect Of.— i ,«(« bi> « , 
 provides agam.,t ill-„sage of domestic animals and b'iris 
 
 (6) Against injuries to cattle or other animals bv nedi 
 gence or ill-usage while driving them. ^ ^ 
 
 (c) Against cock-fighting, and fighting or baiting anv 
 animals, whether of domestic or wild nature. ^ ^ 
 
 Code .■7W.— Against keeping cockpit. 
 
 anrl^^t •'.''^— '*««P«"=«°K unlcmding for rest, and feeding 
 and watering animals in transit, and providing a penalty on 
 summary conviction befor, a justice fo^ breach of thi., Soil 
 
 ehicle or ves-sel when he has reason t,i suspect a bre^h o 
 the provisions of Code 514, and providing a penaCon 
 
 admS™""^"°" '"'°" " •''"'•'^'' ''*^'™' -J' "- -f-'"K 
 
* 
 
 334 
 
 SYNOFSIN OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 In prosecutions for cruelty to animals, half the penalty- 
 goes to the municipality, and the other half to such person 
 aa to the justice seems proper : R.S.C. 172, s. 7, in App. to 
 Cr. Code. 
 
 lYiftaiMji.— Under Code 512 or 513, two juitleea ; ander Code 514 or 
 515, one justice. 
 
 i.ii»i«ilioii.— Under Code 512 or 61», three month! ; Code 551 («) : 
 ander Code 514 or 515, ib. 
 
 Apprentice, Bodily Harm to : Cnde jit.— Every one is 
 guilty of an indictable otti^nce and liable to three years 
 imprisonment who, being legally liable as master or mistress 
 to provide for any apprentice or servant, unlawfully does, or 
 causes to be done, any bodily harm to any such apprentice or 
 servant so that the lite of such apprentice or servant is 
 endangered, or the health of such apprentice or servant has 
 been, or is likely to be, permanently injured : R.S.C. c. 62, s. 19. 
 
 form 0/ C»«rj«. —Th»t A.B., St , on , then being the 
 
 master of CD., a serrsnt or spprentiae, and being legslly liable to 
 provide for the said CD. as such servant or apprentioe, then and there 
 uniawfrlly did or oansed to be done bodily harm to the said CD., 
 whereby the life of the said CD. was endangered or the health of the said 
 CD. has been or is liliely to be permanently injured. 
 
 IVifiMiwI.— SesBions. 
 Limilation. — None. 
 
 Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Apprentice.— Neglecting to provide necessaries : see 
 " Neglect." 
 
 Apprentices and Hinors, OlTences by or Against.— R.S.O. 
 
 c. 161. 
 
 Arms.— R.S.C. c. 148 : see Weapons. 
 
 Arson.— tWf JfSl-iHl : see Fire. 
 
 Articles of tlie Peace : 'We ,95.9. — 2. Upon complaint 
 by or on behalf of any person that on account of threats 
 made by some other person or on any other account, he, the 
 complainant, is afraid that such other person will do him, his 
 wife or child some personal injury, or will bum or set fire to 
 his property, ttte juittice before wJixmi tiltch complaint is made, 
 may, if he is satisfied that the complainant has reasonable 
 grounds tor his fears, require such other person to eater into 
 his own recognizances, or to give security, to keep the peace, 
 and to be of good Iwhaviour, for a term not exceeding twelve 
 months. 
 
 S. The provisions of this part shall apply so far as the 
 same are applicable to proceedings under this .section, and 
 
 
8VNOP8IB or OFFENCKH, WITH KORMS. 335 
 
 the complainant and defendant and witnesses may !», called 
 
 ni JlJ' »"y .P*™"" •". "quired to enter into hiH own recoe- 
 nizanccH or g,ve Heeurity as aloresai.l, refuse., or neg X^ 
 to do, the ™,ne or any other justiee ,„ay order htmt^ fe 
 imprisoned for any tern, not exceeding twelve month". 
 
 5. The Forms W.W.W., X.X X and YVV »,-,i 1. 
 variatioos and additions as the^dre^n.stani'^^.ar're 
 may be used m proceedings under this section. ^ ' ' 
 f*« also Code 95K, DoH, as amended by 5(J Vict e S2 
 wluch .uthonze magistrates and justices to orfer a'p^r^o!; 
 convicted before then, to «nd sureties to keep tht Se 
 Also Code »«0 as to proc^eedings after a perL hasTen 
 committed to gaol in default of sureties. 
 
 . Forms of proceedings are given in the sehednle t.. the 
 Cnm-al Code: Forms W.W.W. of complaint; XXX of 
 recog^ce; Y.Y.Y. of war„.nt to com'mit on default ot 
 
 The case will be heard an.l all the pr,jceeding» will be 
 the s«ne as m summary trials l>ef<,re justices. "«"'*"' ^ 
 
 That part of the condition in the form of recomizan™ 
 above given which provides that the party is tTT^t 
 the General Sessions, is to be on.itted.'^The only Swon 
 oX^.' '-^ """ "" P*^'^- "'""■ ^-P "- P-- f- tl" Je™ 
 
 Upon the hearing the justice must at once enter his 
 adjudication, or make out his order, and if he re,|uires.,uretk^ 
 to be given, must Hx the amount and state 'the term rf 
 imprisonment on default Then on rj,,. accused retuZ <! 
 neglecting to give the security, a further order to «,n™ 
 will be made A warrant of commitment can only be S 
 
 proved and recorded subsequently to the order n.quir mgtTe 
 security : Re Doe, 3 Can. Cr. Cas: ;i70. ' *■ 
 
 annl^T " ''''^'' -''*'— An assault is the act of intentionaUy 
 "pplying orce to the person of another, directly or indir^/ 
 
 ^oi^e t7 k"*" °' "'""*;"■"«■ ''y -y ■'« ..■ gestu... to ^pTy' 
 
 force to the person of another, if the perin making the 
 threat has. c, causes the other to belies, up.3n reaiUle 
 
336 
 
 HVN0PSI8 or OFFINCKS, WITH FORMH. 
 
 grounda, that he hu, prewnt ability to effect his purpme, 
 and in either cane, without the consent of the other, or with 
 Duch consent if it is obtained by fraud. 
 
 As to what may be dm.e in self defence against auaulta, 
 see Code 45-47. 
 
 Commm Amtidl : Ca 6-', 1^4, Amendtd by tlie StatuU 
 of 1900, e. 46". — Every oi who commits a common assault 
 is guilty of an indictable offence, and is liable, if convicted 
 upon an indictment, to one year's imprisonment, or to a fine 
 not exceeding 9100; and on summary conviction, to a fine 
 not exceeding »20 and coHts, or to two months imprisonment 
 with or without hard labour : see also Code 864 («), 865, 866. 
 
 FormofClMrgt.—-HM A.B., >t .on , A.D. 1» , did 
 
 onlawtnlly ■■■•ult (or "• caie of aaault and iMIIery, •■unit ud beat) 
 CD. 
 
 IVtAiim^— SeMioDs. MaffifltrBte or one .lu«tice. Ohwction does not 
 now ouit the Juiitlce'-; jurisdiction: «eo Amended Code S64. 
 
 UmitaUm. — On auliimary proceedings under Code 884 the limitmtiOQ 
 is six months: Code 841. On trini before Sessions or M>gistrste M an 
 indietnble oflence there is no limitation of time. 
 
 The jurisdiction to try an a.'wault is ousted if title to land, 
 etc., is 'ed: ("ode 842 (3). and see ante Chap. IX., »u6. 
 nam. "iiu. 'and and claim of right. " 
 
 Indecent jii««iidtii on Fermiles: Code .'/7,9.— Every one is 
 guilty of an indictable offence and liable to two yearn 
 imprimmment, and to be whipped, who — 
 
 (a) indecently assaults any female i or 
 
 (b) does anything to any female by her consent, which 
 but for such consent would be an indecent assault, such 
 consent being obtained by false and fraudulent representa- 
 tions as to the nature and quality of the »tt : 53 Vict., c. 37, 
 8. 12. 
 
 Code S?6'; — It is no defence to a charge or indictmeat for 
 any indecent imsault on a young person under the age of 14 
 years to pmve that he or she consented to the act of 
 indecency ; .'JS Vict, c. 37, s. 7. 
 
 , A.B., unlawfnll7 aad 
 
 Fm-m of Ckarge.-(a) That on . at 
 
 indecently did assault CD., a female: or 
 
 (ft) That on .at , A.B. unlawfully did (stole mltal Ike 
 
 atl won) to CD., a female, by her conaent, such consent having been 
 obtained by false and fraudulent repaeeentations, that the said A.B. was 
 a Medical PraetltloBer, and that such act waa neeesaary in order to the 
 
STNOPSIS or OFFKNCES, WITH KORMN. 337 
 
 ™dl.^ t«.tm.n. of Ih. ..Id CD. b, Ih. „ld A.B. („r „, ,*. «.„ „„, 
 
 WhiiMl.-8M.lon.. MMl.t«t» on eonient. 
 Limilalim.—iton: 
 
 Indecent AnmulU on ilalen: CcU ,'6ft_Everv one i. 
 ?mlty of an mdicUWe offence and liable to JZ Zr" 
 
 with intent to commit sodomy, or who, beinK a male 
 indecently aaaaultH any .,r male pen»n. * ' 
 
 Form of Chargt.— Ob at au 
 
 C.D. ,1th intent h, Lmmlt "domy. °"'' '~'*'°' " ••••°" 
 
 3Vi».iwl.^»o»,ion.. M«Ki»tr«te on con«eut. 
 Limttalion. —Hone. 
 
 A>mvl„ VauHing A.tuul H,My Harm (W,- •6"_ 
 KVery o.,.. who commitH any a»,sault which <Kva.sioii, ,tctual 
 bodily ha™ 18 giiilty of an indic.ahlc ortc„«., and liaWe to 
 three yearn imprtwmmeMl. " 
 
 «>r».(,/C»arKe.-That A.B., on M)1B .. 
 
 unlawfully commit an aawull uoon c l) i,,! jii ...' v ■ ''"' 
 
 Mtu.lboailyl,.rmtoth,«Vd".U ^ ^'"^^ ocowiloo 
 
 JVi6«,a(._Ses>ion.. Magl.trete on consent 
 
 £iiii/affon.~~None. 
 
 A^Mult with Intent to Rob.—Si^e Robbery. 
 
 Aygmwtted Assault : Code ,.'ft/^-E»ery one » suiltv of 
 a^n^in^ieUble offence and liable U. two yLr^L^j::^,^ 
 
 able^:kr?'„': ""^ """^ ^'"^ "'"'"' '« "'""■"' '"y ''^^■ 
 (6) aHsault, any public or peace officer eiijsaKPd in th<- 
 
 thJuJf?""" "'.'^ P?"^" '"'"' '"'"•" '" ■•'^«st "■• prevent 
 ^e lawful apprehension or detainer of himself, or of any 
 other person, for any oHeuce ; or ' 
 
 (d) assaults any person in the lawful execution of anv 
 
 dls ress or seizure, or with intent to rencue any goods taken 
 
 under such process, distre.*, or .,oi -ire : R.S.f. ,. fu^'. Ij^"" 
 
 (f) on any day wh.reon any poll for any election pariia- 
 
 ".entary or municipal, ,s beiiy proceeded with, wilhrthe 
 
 a— s. 
 
sas 
 
 HVNOPHIH OP ornENrEM WITH rORMH, 
 
 diaUnee of two miles from the place where such pcjil in taken 
 or held, awtaultH or boats any pentun. 
 
 form of Vkarge.—ia) Th»l on , at , A.B. did 
 
 anlawfally aiwault C.I), with Inttnt to eommit an tiidietabl* offcnes, 
 Daualy, ititacrib* Ikt offwr* inttnded). 
 
 nr 
 (b) That OD , at , A.B. did unlawfully aaaault 
 
 CD., a public offleer (f>r a peae* offleer), to wit. a CoDitabl* of th« uid 
 County of , (or as the com mag be), than and th*r« enftaged In 
 
 tha aieoutlon of bla duty, to wit, while {dettribn the rf«fy bring iterfnrmed). 
 or 
 (e) That on , at , A.B. did unlawfully anault 
 
 CD. with intent to reilit [or prerant) the lawful apprebenilon (cr deulnar) 
 of him the Hid A.B. (or one C) for a certain offence, to wit, {atole Ikt 
 offence). 
 
 or 
 
 (d) That OD , at , A.B. did unlawfully asaault 
 C.I), who wai then and there, hi his quality of a duly appointed bailiff 
 of , engafted in the lawful execution of a certain proceia 
 againat (or in the malting of a lawful leizur* of land* or gooda), <fr with 
 intent to reacue certain goodii which had then and there been taken under 
 Buoh process. 
 
 or 
 
 (e) That A.B., on , at , being a day upon which 
 a poll for an election of (a member of the Dominion Parliament f»- of the 
 Legislative Assembly for the said County, or for Municipal Counellloni 
 for thj Municipality of ), was there Iteing held and proceeded 
 with, did, within a distance of two miles from {ntalr the filaee), where a 
 poll in the Haid election wan then being taken and held, unliiwfully 
 asaault {or assault and beat) CD. 
 
 Tribunal. — Hesaions. Magistrate on consent. 
 Limitation.— "Sone. 
 
 AniMialt and Wounding. — See Woundin;;. 
 
 See also Code 783 which given special jurisdiction to 
 inagiHtrateH in the canes of aHnaultH there mentioned. 
 
 AntMnlt — Lyintj in Woit for Pfrsonn Returning from 
 PuiMe Meeting: Code //-J. — Every one Ih guilty of an 
 indictable offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding tn'o 
 hundred dolUirn, or to imprittonmevt for o term not ejereed- 
 ing trix mmithn, or io bof^-, -a-Sk- lies in wait for any person 
 returning, or expected to r-jt irn, from any such public meet 
 ing, with intent to commit an annault upon such person, or 
 with intent, by abusive language, opprobrious epithets or 
 other offensive demeanour, directed to, at or against such 
 person, to provoke such person or those who accompany him, 
 to a breach of the peace. 
 
 Form of aiarge.—Tha.t A.B., at , on , A.D. 19 , 
 
 did unlawfully lie io wait for CD,, who was then returning {(tr expected 
 to return) from a public meeting, with intent then and there to commit 
 
»V»o«i, o, ,„r,t„ctH. WITH K<,RM». 330 
 
 AlMmbly, OnUwtul: CkI, ;^.9._8oe Riot. 
 
 Attampti ; C'arlr .l.'S-'i.Jtl, 711, 71 > 
 I'ori 0/ Ctarye.— Thai A B at 
 
 Cod?m.*""-~^'''" """'""•■"" '" "-■^"ipt^ ..-^-1 under 
 Bawdy House: «,■« I)i«,rrlorly Hou«. 
 JWlnj : C,.U M7 OI).-S.: IHsonlerly Condue,. 
 BMtlallty: 8ee Sodomy. 
 Bettlnjr: Bci. OamblinK. 
 Bl,f»my : Defined und explam.-d by ('o,le 275 
 
 an il^Uie 7ffe:rL™' lub';: r"""" '''*-'""'^ '" «"'">■ °f 
 
 iinpriHoiiment. ""'" '" fuurteen years 
 
 .mf^"-'^'^*°'''"-'''l>«tA.B., on ., 
 
 who pub.i,he» an;'b,:"^be;:^t';;b*:.r rr,\'7,:T""'"' 
 
 m,»,ble ar«un.e„t of opf„i„„ „.. reli, Ho,,: ue^ion:^ '" '^'- 
 
 Form of Charge.— ThU A R „„ . 
 
 nnl.»fally piibu.h (,,„,!, A,' °° , , A.I), 19 , ,t ju 
 
 , "'""'■-^"•i°""- M.gi,t,.te on con.e„t 
 ii/»i(a(io„._Nono. 
 
 Breaking: Prison :»ee Escape. 
 
 legisulS'reT-^e^Sla, "'"T' "' "'™'*' '" ''*^"'«"<"" » 
 8 see Code 131 , of peace or puMie officers (see 
 
•HOOCOfy msOlUTKM ibi chait 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHAHI No, 21 
 
 1.25 
 
 lii 
 lit 
 
 Li 
 
 Urn U£ 
 
 us 1^ 
 
 1.6 
 
 ^ 
 
 ->IPPLIEP IK/MGE Inc 
 
340 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Code 3 S. and 3 W. for Hefinition): Code 132 ; of government 
 officer : Code 133, 134, 135 ; of municipal officers : Code 136 ; 
 at Dominion elections : R.S.C. c. 8, s. 84. 
 
 Tribunal. — Superior Court ; justice or magistrate is to 
 hold preliminary enquiry under Part 58 of the Criminal 
 Code. 
 
 Limltntion. — Under Code 133 or 136, two years. For 
 other offences the time for prosecution is not limited. Prose- 
 cutions under Code 131 cannot be brought without the leave 
 of the Attorney-General of Canada : Code 544. 
 
 Bribing Jury, etc.: Code /J^ — Every one is guilty of an 
 indictable ottence and liable to two years imprisonment 
 who — 
 
 (a) dissuades or attempts to dissuade any person by 
 threats, bribes or other corrupt means from giving evidence 
 in any cause or matter, civil or criminal ; or 
 
 (b) influences or attempts to influence, by threats or 
 bribes or other corrupt meiins, any juryman in his conduct 
 as such, wiiother such person has been sworn as a juryman 
 or not ; or 
 
 ((?) accepts any such bribe or other corrupt consideration 
 to abstain from giving evidence, or on account of his conduct 
 as a juryman ; or 
 
 (d) wilfully attempts in any other way to obstruct, per- 
 vert or defeat the course of justice. 
 
 Form of Charge.— {a) That A.B., at , on , did unlaw- 
 
 fally diasiiade (or attempt to dissuade) one CD. by threats {(tesaibe) or 
 
 bribe (statiny it), or by corrupt means, to wit, (<lescr\he), from givinfj 
 
 evidence ia a civil (or criminal) cause \or matter) then pending in 
 
 , between (style of cause) • or 
 
 (ft) Did influence (or attempt to influence) by (describe the means as 
 in the preceding form), a Juryman, to wit, CD., then summoned as a 
 Jaryman to serve as such at the General Sessions of the Peace, then to 
 be held at , in and for the County of , (or rw th^ case maif 
 
 be), in his conduct as such Juryman; or 
 
 (c) That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully accept a bribe, 
 
 to wit, _ _ {or any other corrupt consideration staling it), to abstain 
 
 from giving evidence in a certain matter (or cause) then pending in 
 
 , or on account of bis conduct as a Juryman at ; or 
 
 did unlawfully attempt to obstruct (or pervert, or defeat) the course of 
 justice by (stating the corrupt means used). 
 
 Tribunal. — Superior Court: a justice or magistrate will hold a pre- 
 liminary enquiry. 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Burg'lary : For definitions of terms, and what is burglary : 
 see Code 407. 
 
SV.VO«<,.s OK OKKEXCES, ,V,T„ .ORM«. 341 
 
 ofthemdictableoffencecaiWhn. ,-''"— ^'J.'^'^y "no i,h guilty 
 ™™< /„. /,/,, v^,,,^'" ™""' >«"gl"rj., „„,i liable to imp"Uol 
 
 ('<) breaks and enters » ,K,. n- . 
 ■nt^ to connnit an, X;ia;;^'— >^i«..t wHh 
 
 ..ftel^^;::Xr:nlSbi:;:;^'"«-^r-. -^ ■■'«'■'. either 
 
 entered .ueh dwelling" out .u" ,!.,"''""'' "^ "''" ''"'"'« 
 ."tent to con,„,it a„ 'n^^A:^:^:! ;^Z ' "''*'""■ "'"' 
 
 convicted had an om-^'veLel :"";;'""■ '^ "^'-' P"™" 
 arreted or when he comnntt«l ;i::"oH"„ee^ '""*™""' "'■^■" 
 
 eaned'U^™^I:;?'™;i,;:,r^;'' ''■"""'-'■"»>' oHence 
 Mcnt, who— *' '^ """"^ 'o >'"'''w,/ 2,<.„™ imprUm- 
 
 con.i;:/eXM;ihKfxZtS;;"^^- -^^ ^-^ -^ 
 
 ™n^;jlt^ti:^^la;:i^'«;^o,«eh,da,art^^ 
 
 and^lwfto «,vr21,,™'„;'„ P"'>' of «■', ""ii'^table offence 
 and ente™ any d^x^ I ZJ^^r'i'i^'r'^- ''''>'■ ''-"k. 
 indictable offence therein. '"" '" "^"""n'' any 
 
 ■M"'^<S^S.St,f'"r;!"'™»'^B..a. 
 
 
 C.D. there situated: » S ifteofuSt,'!;','' ,'""" "«' •'"''"i-K-Oouc 
 Corfe<»(S),_Th»tA R / "■ ^"••" "" "ff'"" cmnmitlnl) 
 
 «e<»(S),_Th»tA.B at' 
 
 WtiW.-That A.B at 
 inYen/L"' "'I."'" the dm]li„,.hoi',s°e"of r M .i.' '"'' »■"«"■'""? by 
 -'-t to eo..it .„ i„diet.h,e oSfaS:Ter"/i„^f„;^?'(7,„;i'r:^jHf 
 
342 
 
 SYNOPSIN OK OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Beiiii) Foimd in Dwelling- Hoiiue by Night: Code 41'>.— 
 Every oiu' is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to 
 Mven ymri imprimmment who unlawfully enters, or is in, 
 any dwelling-house by night with intent to commit any 
 indictable offence therein. 
 
 For second offence, the punishment is fuucteeii years: 
 Code 41 »; see Code 628. 
 
 Form 0/ Charge.— ThM A.B., at , on , did unlawlnlly 
 
 by night enter (or wm by night unlswtnlly in) the dwelling-hou.e of 
 CD. there lituated, with intent to commit an indictable offence therein, 
 to wit, (»(<1M theoffeuce), e.g., unlawfully to Iteal the goods and chattels 
 of the said C.U. 
 
 Beiiiij Found Armed mtli Intent to Break a Dwelling- 
 Houm: Code i/C— Every one is guilty of an indictable 
 offence and liable to aeven years imprisonment who is 
 found — 
 
 ((t) armed with any dangerous or offensive weapon or 
 instrument by day, with intent to break or enter into any 
 dwelling-house, and to commit any indictable offence therein ; 
 or 
 
 (b) armed as aforesaid by night, with intent to break 
 into any building and to commit any indictable offence 
 therein. 
 
 Second offence, fourteen years : Code 418 ; and see Code 
 628. 
 
 Form of Cbarge under Caae 416 (o).— That A.B., at , on 
 
 was found by day unlawfully armed with a dangerous or offensive 
 weapon (or instrument), to wit, (mmlion vhat » «io»), with intent to 
 break and enter into the dwelling-house of CD. there aituated, and to 
 commit an indictable offence therein, to wit, (lienerihe llie o/oicf 
 intended); or 
 
 The same form may be used under Code 416 (d), subslituting the word» 
 "by night" instead of "by day," and "a building" instead of 
 "dwelling-house." 
 
 Being Disguised or in Possession of Housebreaking 
 Instruments: Code 4/7.— Every one is guilty of an indict- 
 able offence and liable to five years imprisonment who is 
 found — 
 
 (a) having in his possession by night, without lawful 
 excuse (the proof of which shall lie upon him), any insti-u- 
 ment of housebreaking ; or 
 
 (6) having in his possession by day any such instrument 
 with intent to commit any indictable offence ; or 
 
 II 
 
SYNOPSIS OK OKKENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 :W.t 
 
 ((■) having his face iiiaskerl or hiacknncil, or heinc other- 
 wise .lisguiscl by ni«ht, without luwful excuse (the proof 
 whereof shall lie on him); or 
 
 ('0 having his face masked or blnckeiml, or Ix-in.' other- 
 wise.! .lisg„i.,e,i by day, with intent to commit any indictable 
 ofience. *^ 
 
 .SW/ O^«,u.,.-Fourteen years: Code UH : and see 
 Code 628. 
 
 Form «fCI,a,ge.~(„) That A.B., ot , on wni. 
 
 found by night nnlawtully, and wilhom laviful ejcuM, in M.,e»»iin of 
 an inatmment ot honnebreaking, to wit Ul,:rribe il) I""""""'" »' 
 
 (')) That A.B,, at , on „. r a u ^ 
 
 "»ii;!;;Tt ,.':';/,;r;,;;';°L;° ™°'-°'' - '""■"•■">'» ""--. •» wit 
 
 «n,i;'J!';,'4d^„irh'o„t lawf„l°'icu.,. with hi, faJe'^'lSt^hK- 
 ened, or disgnised by, slaHng Ihc mmrnr of //„■ (li.,g,mc) 
 
 unlaw Jly"htvf„g"M- ,ace m'a.Ld (or blackened; rd'Sf^d ty" 
 ■;i"''"il '"«:'«"'l' intent to commit an indictable offence, to w't (.S 
 (*« offfiice mIemM, mch a», to commit an assault upon f.I).). 
 
 confen't"""' '"""" '''"'' "" '" ^"' '"'■'"•'«) --S'^-ion.. Magistrate or 
 itwtla((o«,— None. 
 
 Burglar;/ of Place of WorMiip: Vwlr .(W— Every one is 
 guilty of an indictable otTence and liable to seven yean 
 imjinmrimeni who breaks and enters any place of public 
 worship with intent to commit any indictable offence therein. 
 Cwfc ^tty.—Every one is guilty ol an indictable offence 
 and hable to fourteen yearn impriaoiiment who breaks and 
 enters any place of public worship and commits any indict- 
 able offence therein, or who, having committed any indictable 
 offence therein, breaks out of such piece. 
 
 Form of Charge (C.»I« «<(.)_That A.B., at on did 
 
 unlawfully break and enter a place of public worship, to wit Ideirribe 
 meiMtre), and therein did commit an indictable offence, to wit (tiale the 
 offeiire, for tmlanre did ste.l; (mcnlioii llie arlirle) the property of C.I). 
 
 That A.B., at on 
 
 indictable offence, to wit „,e the ofmee, ^,„„- „. ^..„„„ „„„„„„ 
 
 to wit (»ai»e the, dace), and that after committing the said offence, in 
 the said p ace ot public worship, the said A.B. did then and there unlaw- 
 fully break out of the said place of public worship. 
 or 
 
 {Code 409) That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully break 
 
 ana enter a place ot public worship {name the place) with intent then and 
 there unlawfully to {state the offence) therein. 
 
 did unlawfully commit aa 
 a place of public worship. 
 
344 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFrENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Jill nilary of SliopH, Ele. : Code 4/.A— Every one is foWiy 
 of an indictable oH'cncc and liable to fourteen ymri impris- 
 on ni^nl who, either by day or night, breaks and enters and 
 coniniiiK any indictable oti'ence in a school-house, shop, ware- 
 house or counting house, or any building within the curtilage 
 of a dwelling-house, but not so coniueterl therewith as to 
 form part of it under the provisions hereinbefore contained. 
 
 Ctjiie 414. — Every one is guilty of an indictable oHence 
 and liable to Keirn yearn imprisoiimi-tit who, either by day 
 or night, breaks and enteiw any of the buildings mentioned 
 in the last preceding section with intent to commit any 
 indictable offence therein. 
 
 Formof Charge— ThMA.tt., at ,011 , did unlaKtully 
 
 break and enter the shop o( f.l). there .ituated (nr any of Ihc other 
 plain named, or a biiildinn within the curtilaKe ot the dwelling house ot 
 the said C.I)., there situated), and did then and there commit in the said 
 shop (or other iilitee meuliiiticil) an indictable offence, to wit (.•(illf the 
 offetiPi). or with intent to commit therein an indictable offence, to wit 
 {state the offeiiee) . 
 
 Tribunal. — Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Breach of Trust, Criminal : Code .76.;.— Every o'-e is 
 guilty of an indictable offence and liable to seven yeii.rs 
 unprisonment who, being a trustee of any property tor the 
 use or benefit, either in whole or in part, of some other person, 
 or for any public or charitable purpose, with intent to defraud, 
 and in violation of his trust, converts anything of which he 
 is trustee to any use not authorized by the trust. For defini- 
 tion of ■' trustee : " see Code 3 [bb). 
 
 Form of r/Mrje.— That A.B., at , on , he then being 
 
 a trustee of certain property, namely [Heaenbe it), for the use and benefit 
 ot CD. (or OS the rate ma) he) under (tleed or ,eill or any other wntten or 
 verbal trunt, utatiitg it), unlawfully and with intent to defraud, and in 
 violation of his trust, did convert the said property to a use not authorized 
 bv the said trust, to wit, to his own use {or an the cage may he) . 
 
 Tribunal. — Sessions. 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 jilagistrate'on consent. 
 
 Breach of the Peace : «e Articles of the Peace. 
 Bugrsrery : see Sodomy. 
 
 Cheating: at Play : Cixle 39o. — Every one is guilty of an 
 indictable offence and liable to three yeim imprisonmevt 
 who, with intent to defraud any person, clieats in playing at 
 any game, or in holding the stakes, or in betting on any 
 event. 
 
syN()l¥l» OF OFFENCIS, WITH FORMS. 345 
 
 TWSunaf.— Se,«ion8. Magintrale on coiment. 
 Limitatum. —yoae. 
 
 Childbirth, Negrleot to Obtain Assistance In : Cnle >.J9 
 -Lvery woi.mn i» guilty of „., indietablu ..HWieo who with 
 either of the intents hereinafter inentioneil, Iwin.' with child 
 and being about to be deliverer], neglocts to provide reason-' 
 able assistance in her delivery, if the child is permanently 
 injured thereby, or d,e», eith,.- just before, or durin.', or 
 shortly after birth, unless she proves tliut such .l,.ath or 
 permanent injury was not caused by such neglect, or bv anv 
 wrongful act to which she was a party, and is liable to the 
 lollowing punishment : — 
 
 (a) If the intent of such neglect be that tlie child shall 
 not live, to impnm/iniiriit fur lifr ; 
 
 (h) If the intent of such neglect be to conceal the fact of 
 her having had a child, to iiii/imiiiniinil for wrni ,/mn. 
 
 Form o/ Charffe. —Th&t A.B., at nn i. i, ■ ^^ 
 
 with cluld, .»d about to b, d„liver.,l thereof, unlawfully SfdZfeoM" 
 proviJe reasonable aaeistance in hei delivery, whereby Iheehild^f which 
 she wag then delivered was permanently injured („r died ju, before <^ 
 i"u"*t'",5''°'.",'; "'T' >""'"■ "■" i'"™' "' ""Oh neelee, be L tha" h^ 
 child) '■ *'"■ '° """""' "■"''"""f ""' »ai.iA.B, havh'g hoda 
 
 TViinnoI.— Sessions. Mapistrate on consent. 
 
 /,i»n7a(ion.— N'one. 
 
 Cldlilhirth—CmeeiiUiig Dmd IM 1/ „f C/dlil ; Cmh '.'An — 
 Every one is guilty of an indictabli oticnee and liable to 
 two ymn impvimnmeiit who dis],Mses of the dead body of 
 any child m any manner, with intent to conceal the fact that 
 its mother was delivered of it, whether the child died before 
 or during, or after birth. 
 
 foriBo/CTiarsre.-That A.B., »t , „n _i,v 
 
 intent to conceal the fact that the said A.E. (or one, C D ) had' been 
 
 chir"," °^\°^'i''' '^'t "°'r'""^ "''P™" °' "'" <i'»'i body ome s,M 
 child of which the said A.B. (or O.ll.) had been so delivered, by (Z,e 
 «e duponlitm made 0/ Ihc bmli/) . 'ereu, oy uraic 
 
 7ri6iin«/.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent, 
 iimtrfllion.— None. 
 
 Clergyman, Oh^tmdimi un Ogicinting: C'mle 171. 
 
 Violewe to Offitiafing ClrrcjtpiKin: Code 17 >. 
 
 Form of Charge (Coilc 171).— TblLt A.S., 01 
 threats (or force) did unlawfully obstruct (a 
 
 .at , by 
 
 prevent, or endeavour to 
 
84(1 
 
 MYNOfSlS OK OFFENrKM, WITH FORHN. 
 
 obttruct or prerent) C.I». , a Clergyman «r Minister, in {or from) eele- 
 bratlnft divine ierrioe in the Church, or Meetitifi Hoaie, or Hchoot Houiie 
 {or othtr pUu-c for tUrinv. leomhip, mtming or uthrririnr ttrnrribing ifS "'■ in, 
 or from, the performance of his dnty in the lawful tmrial of the dtnd in 
 the Churchyard {or Cemetery, or other burial plare, numiMgortlfsrrihifift it). 
 
 Form of Charge {Cmie J7J).~ Tbrit A.B.. on .at , 
 
 did unlawfully Btrlke, or offer violence, to (or upon a civil process, or 
 under pretence of exeoiitinfr a civil process did arrest) C.I>., a Clergy- 
 man, who was then engaged in, or to the knowledge of the said A.B. 
 was then about to engage in {jirocee^t na hi preiiouH form) . 
 
 TVibutHi/.— Hessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitatum. — None. 
 
 Communicating Information Acquired by Holding- 
 
 Offlee : tmv Cmlf 7S. — Thu prosecution can only lie brought 
 on the coiis'.'iit of the Att<nney-(jent'ial for Canada : Code r)4:J. 
 Compoundliig Penal Actions : Ctfh /-T-i.—Every one is 
 guilty of an indictable ofience and liable to a fine not exceed- 
 ing the penalty compounded for, who, liaving brought, or 
 under colour of bringing, an action against any person under 
 any penal statute in order to obtain from him any penalty, 
 compounds the said action without order or consent of the 
 court, whether any offence has in fact been committed or not. 
 
 Form of Charge. —ThBit A.B., at , on , hnving there- 
 
 tofore brought an action in {state i» what court), against C.It., in order 
 to obtain from him a penalty under R penal statute, namely {iitate what 
 statute), did unlawfully compound the said action without the order 
 or consent of the said Court. 
 
 IVtftMHa'. — Session 8. 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Concealment of Birth ; see Childbirth. 
 Conspiracy to Bring False Accusation : 
 
 Form of Cftarj;«.— That A.B. and CD., at 
 
 Code jr. ,'. 
 
 unlawfully conspire together to prosecute E.F. for an alleged offence, to 
 wit, upon a false charge and accusation that he, the said E.F., had then 
 lately, unlawfully {state the offence falsely charged), they, the said A.B. 
 and C.l>., then knowing the said E.r'. to be innocent of the oaid alleged 
 offence. 
 
 7Vt?*KiMi/.— Sessions. 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
 Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Woman. Code 18S. 
 
 Constpiritcy to Ihfilf 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., on , at , unlawfully did 
 
 conspire with CD., by false pretences (or false representations, or other 
 fratutulent meanx mating them), to induce E.P., a woman, to commit 
 adultery (or fornication). 
 
 Tribunal. — Sessions. Magistrate oo consent. 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 
SVNOI^IS OK OKKE.VCES, WITH KOHMS. 347 
 
 Cmi^iirwif l„ Ciimmll ,(„ /mllchihlr Ofim-e: ('ale .;.'?. 
 Form of Ckiirfje.—Th»t A B at nr. At^ i 
 
 Cfime of (r/r.m(«- rt« o-(i.., icifJi parlinlai-H) . 
 TrihMHal.—Hetiioan. 
 Limtttttim. —HouB. 
 
 Mftgiltrate on cotiaent. 
 
 -Met- Trade, 
 
 Cmwidnivy in R,»tr„ hil „/ Tr,„U: fWe .-,1(1 . 
 illegal coliibilmlions in roNtruint of. 
 
 Von»pin,,,,t„l).f.-<,,.t: fW. ./»i_Every one Im guilty 
 ofaninOctable ortenee an,l liable to seven years impri«o.r- 
 mont who conspires with any other person, by deceit or 
 falsehood or other fraudulent means, to defraud the public or 
 any person ascertained or una.seertaincd, or to affect the 
 pubhc market price of stocks, shares, nierehandise, or any- 
 thing else publicly sold, whether such deceit or fal«.hood or 
 other fraudulent means would or woulu not amount to a 
 tttlse pretense as hereinb,!fori> defined. 
 
 TVitrinal.— Seuioni. Magistrate on ronaent. 
 
 Limitation. —'Sone, 
 
 ('onsi>ii-acy tu Ciimmil it 
 66, 60. 
 
 TirnwinnUe. Of-nce : Code 
 
 Connpiim-y tu InlimUlitl, a leijidiiluir: Vinle 7U. 
 
 Can»pimcy t(, Maiikr: Cnlf .'■!./,. 
 
 ^,^^'"''P^'™''J-'l'i-ovi«wnx »» l„ Furinsof Clutn/et, : Ctxle 
 Olb (J J. 
 
 ■ ,.^.'"""»'*?"">8r Coins. etC.-Evcry one i.s guilty of an 
 indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life who is 
 guilty of any of the offences mentioned in Code 462. 
 
 /•ori»o/C*ar!,(.-(o) ThatA.B.', at , on JM 
 
 unlawful y make (or Ijegin to make) a counterfeit coin pe>en,hn„; „r 
 apparently Intended to resemble or ia.. for a currrat o^.Tn *' ?i 
 coin (or ailver half-dollar coin, or ailv'Lr Ln ceSt co'n) , or '""^ 
 
 (Ir) Did gild or silver a coin resembling, or apparently intended to 
 STsU;e?r„'°e'n?o'Sr°' °" '"'" ^"" ™'». - ^ilv^'^tce^? 
 Cntinlerfeit Coin. Dmiimj in nr I inpoii imj : CkI' M.i — 
 hvery one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable 'to 
 iinprisonment for life who, without lawful authority or 
 excuse the proof whereof shall lie on him, deals in or imports 
 counterfeit coins as mentioiw] in this section. 
 
 Form of Charge : (Under Code 463 (n)).— That A B at 
 °° ' 'ii'' unlawfully and without lawful authority or excuse 
 
:I4H 
 
 SYNOPSIS OK OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 buy, or mM, ar receive, ur p»y, or put off {or offer to buy, etc.), a 
 couuterfttlt coin reiemliilnft, or apparently Ititeuded to resemt'le, or paM 
 for a eurrent Kold or «llver coin, to wit, (f/Mrnftc the roin), at and for a 
 lower rat? «iid value tlian the aama imported, (or was apparently Inteuded 
 to Import) . 
 
 rmltr Code 4ii.i (fc).— That, rU\, did unlawfully and without lawful 
 authority, or excuBB import and receive into Cuniida. u counterfeit coin 
 reif ml'ling, or appiirently Intended to resemble or pbhh for a current sold 
 '»r lilver eoln, to wit {dencribe the coin), he then linowinK the Hame to be 
 counterfeit. 
 
 Trihunal. 
 46'Jor 4ti:i; 
 Limitation. 
 
 Hesaions. Magistrate on consent. In any case under Code 
 - None. 
 
 Ctxie 4^'4. — Every one wlio iimtiuflaciureH in Canada any 
 copper coin, or ini[K)rtH into ('anada any copper coii., other 
 than current copper coin, with the intention of puttinjr tlie 
 Hame into circulation aH current copier coin, Im jjuilty of an 
 oHence and liable, on aitinmarif atiwietiim, to a penalty not 
 excee<Iing twfiitif tlollarn for every pound Troy of the weight 
 thereof ; and all such copper coin so manufactured or im- 
 ported shall l«? forfeited to His Majenty. 
 
 Tribunal.— By justice or maRiBtrate summarily without consent. 
 LimitatioH.—Hln monthH: Code 841. 
 
 Exporfation of Coattterfeif Coin: Code 460. 
 
 Form of Chnnj- .—That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully 
 
 and without lawful authority or excuse export from Canada a counterfeit 
 coin reaembiinR, or apparently intended to reaemble, or paas for, a 
 current coin, to wit, {iteseribe the coin), he tiion knowing the same to be 
 counterfeit. 
 
 Milking InntrameittH for Coining: Co^le. ^66. — Every 
 one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprison- 
 ment for life who, without lawful authority or excuse, the 
 proof whereof shall lie on him, makes or mends, or begins or 
 proceeds to make or mend, or buys or sells, or has in his 
 custody or possession any of the instruments of coining 
 mentioned. 
 
 Form of Charge.— (a) That A.B., at , on , did 
 
 unlawfully and without lawful authority or excuse make or mend, or 
 begin or proceed to make or mead, or buy or xeil, or had in his custody 
 or posBesBion, one puncheon {deserihe the insfrument), in or upon which 
 there was then made and Impressed, or which would make and impress, 
 or which was adapted and intended to make and impress the figure, or 
 stamp or apparent resemblance, of both, or one of the sides, of a current 
 gold or silver coin, to wit, {tteseribe the coin); or 
 
 (6) did, etc., (ag abore), make, etc., (as abore), one edger (or as the 
 rase may l>e), adapted and intended for the marking of coin around the 
 edges, with letters, or graining, or other marks or figures apparently 
 
.VNOIWIN Of DFKEXCEJf, WITH 
 
 KDHV 
 
 114!) 
 
 Int.ndi.d. ' '° "nowliiB the „m, lo m ,„ |rf,pt,j a„j 
 
 f.m.'. '' """ °' """" "''" •-• M -••y b, (,.m.d from Ih. ...ov. 
 
 Jz^r/j'T'i.'-.-f'!''^!'.''' 
 
 , did unlawfiillv 
 
 -.-.", ..J , n«rfff. - Hint A. 
 •nd wlllioul Jnwhil aulliorilv nr""».-M.. i, ' "", , . did unl»wriilJv 
 
 ooln, or any iiaerul i.iir ofTh. „),„. "^ '^ ., '" ?' ''"'"« ">» eolnlnn o( 
 
 .»y coin buiiion,™ ,':r;,;'i,;jr,,jx,"„;:'."'jr """""• "•■""^ " •" 
 
 /"orw (i/CAflfpf.—Thai A B at 
 Impair for ditnIniHli „r tiwi.t-i-i ' °" < ^'d uulnwfuMv 
 
 on. dollar ^S oin/Jr A.y e't'oM.'n ''°';' 'T ""'" ''°'" '""">« 
 that the .aid piMo .; imnalr/d i?/,m' '"^ T'",' " V',' "in, ,itl, intent 
 for a current gold or ,li«1 S. '"°' "'»'»'' '"• lightened) „|ght p... 
 
 for.»„/C/,nr!,e.-TliatA.B.,at „„ j.. , .„ 
 
 deface one current void or Hilvnr ,«■ «ft«„^ , V .,'*'"' unlawfully 
 by .tamping thereon eertainnin.'^'^ j"'"; """' ("«"•"'•<■ <*r ro/^ 
 afterward. Gnl.wfully «nd« ZZml. °""' '° " <''""^»''' •"" '"'' 
 
 That A.B., at „„ '"' ,. , , . 
 
 wit {iltsmibe I), which had'thSntnf„™ 1 ' ■? ""'"'""y "tter a ooln, to 
 thereon c.rtaln'n.t°,^'r"^„'ii'.:r;t.''S,''r/r;.?r,i-I """"^ '""-'^ 
 l'o^f.«U,,, Cl!,,pin,j« of Current Coi,,: Co,le po 
 
 formo/CT,ar!,e._ThatA.B.,at „„ , ,„ 
 
 have been ,o produced Sr obtained ' """ ^"""""^ "'» "°" '° 
 
 PoHsmning Counterfeit Cniim: Co-le 47 1. 
 
 had .n h« cnatody, or p„„eeeion, one conn'terf.i. ooln rc'erb'tog^'li 
 
350 
 
 nVNOI-HlM OK UKKKN(.'K.H, WITH KuKMH. 
 
 Hppftrantly inUmlml tn n>«>tiihle or pMN for » nirront ^old or ■iWtr coin, 
 to wit, Irfeamhtf W). wltK latent to iittnr tliv unmv, lie tliKU knowing tliv 
 ■BID* to b« rouiit«rf*lt; 
 
 ilwl In htH aiiitmly, »»r poHifHlon, tlirff iiif«'«(i of foiintttrffit poin 
 r»einlilinir, or Apparently IntcodtHl to re»ntmlil» or p««" for current 
 popper Rolns eftllvil one cunt pIcffN, witli intvnt to utter llie BHrne, he 
 then knowlnti the Miue to b« counterfeit. 
 
 i'lHiiitfrffitim/ ( 
 
 Dfttliiitf in I'uinitfr/fit (' fp 
 
 '»}*•>' CttuiH : 
 
 Ftwm of fhari/e. -The foreKoinK fortun renpePtlnir thf counterfeiting 
 of ftohl or tllvv'r colnM (1'ode Wi ((i), miil maklnR iimtruinenti for 
 cdlnRtfVf Aiid 'or ilvalliiff '" coiin'erfelt coins may lie luliipted. 
 
 0/i-nrt'H HfMf)t'r, i itij Fui'f'ujtiCn'iiit*: Cinlf .i7-t. 
 
 I-Wm of Chnit/e.—T mt A.B., at , on , did nnlaw- 
 
 fully make, nr \tfg\n to make, a counterfeit coin reaemlillnir, or apparently 
 Intended to ri'Hrnible, «>r paai for affnlil or ailver eolnnf a for»>)|{n country, 
 to wit, theKold or Rilrer cnhi {name tht vountrit), called (namr the ntin). 
 
 The forma <if other orTencea covered by thla section may readily >» 
 adapted for the foregoing formB. 
 
 Cttfiiiiff Coniiffi'/fit fidil ftr Silrer i'oitifi : ('tiilf p4- 
 Every onv in Kwi'*y "^ *" indictublu offence and liable to 
 ftiurU'fit yeui-H niin-'\Munmfiit who utters any eountci'ffit 
 coin reHt'inbtin;;. or ttp[)arently intended to leHcinble, or imihh 
 ft)r, any current gold or nilver coin, knowing the Hanie to Xvd 
 counterfeit. 
 
 Fnrm of rAorffc— That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully 
 
 Uer to C.I), a counterfeit coin reHerabltnfr, w apparently intended to 
 fesemble, and pass for, a current gold ar fiiiver coin called {ilfm-ribe tht 
 (''(ill), he, the said A.U., then kriowtn»r the name to be counterfeit. 
 
 UHeniKj Light Caiim, MtdalH, f'ountffffit Vopitef CuinM, 
 
 etc: ('intf 47 'i. 
 
 j-'nnHH of rhargi-'i.~{(i) That A.B., at , on , did 
 
 unlawfully utttT a« beinjE current a certain aiWer coin, to wit, a eilver 
 dollar of less than its lar ul weight, he, the aaid A.B., then well know- 
 ing the said coin to have been impaired, (or " diminiahed " ot- 
 " liphtenwd") otherwiae than by lawful wear. 
 
 (b) That A.B.. at , on , unlawfully, and with intent 
 to defraud, did utter, at beiiig a current silver dollar, a certain silver 
 coin, not being a current silver coin, but resembling in size, figure, and 
 colour a current silver dollar, ond beiiis of leits value than a current 
 silver dollar. 
 
 (c) That A.B.. at , on , f.nlawfully, and with intent 
 to defraud, did utter, as being a current silver dollar, a certain medal 
 {or "piece of metal *'), resembling, in Bize, figure, aid colour, a current 
 silver dollar, and being of less value than a curr.3nt silver dollar. 
 
 {d) That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully utter to B., 
 
 one piece of counterfeit coin resembling {or "apparently intended to 
 
syNcllwlM IIK IIKKKNIKM, WITH KKHMS. 
 
 ;(si 
 
 "in -BllfJ nn« f(.iit, he, tile 
 '•iiiiitvrtflt. 
 4I1."» to 4;S inelimlVK).— 
 
 wwnilil, .,,,1 p,„ ,,„ .. I ,|„ „„„,,„ _,, 
 Mid A.ll., tl,..„ .HI k,„„„„„ i|„. .„,„„ '„', ,,„ 
 
 T,;l,HHal ,¥,„ „„y „it„„., „,„,„. ,.„,|„ 
 mxloiiii. Miiiii.lriit. „u iMiii>Knl 
 
 t.mtfiitntM. — NoiiK , 
 
 nJ^l'irn "•■':•■:''''•■'" : '■-'" V-- Kv,.ry. wl,„utl.>-„ 
 
 '",„'""''""'"■'' '■' '""J>' """"I""' ""■""" '"■>• "''"K-. or 
 ». M » ,s i;„,|,y „, ,,„ „H;,,e,. a,„| |i„|,|„ „„ „,„„„^„^. ,,„„^.i„. 
 
 2i "f ''"""'■" ^ :'; """ "■^<' •• "i-. - ■-':t-:i4. which i» 
 
 f"'"""'— ■^"■" i""'l-"» »inill.,«rlly «itl,o„t oo„.,.„t 
 '-"»""""" —Nix nioiitlin: C,,,!,. H4I. 
 
 r//,v„i,/ r,„. 
 
 1/^ I 
 
 "/'/" 
 
 r„; 
 
 (■,»/-■ 
 
 -Evi' 
 
 one Kh„ mt,.r». ,„ OH,.,-, ,n |.ayM,™t. ..inw,.p|«,T .•„i„. ,.ti . 
 than eunviit «,,,,„.,■ <■ , i» ;,,ii|,v „r „„ „„■„„;.,', „,„, ^ ,,,„ 
 
 "'"""""■-v cinviot toil |„.„uliv of ./„„/,/,. //,.„.„„;„„/ „J,„. 
 
 M"iv.,y. a,„| i,i ,|,.f,.„|, „f ,„^.„„.„, j,, ^,1^.,^ 
 
 iliniM inii,rM,i,,i,iiil. ' ■* •' 
 
 *Vi™,i/ (■/„„.,„._T|,„, J I, , 
 
 Tnh«K„l. On., jimtlce Hiimmnrily «il|i„iit c.iii.eiil 
 '■"""""»».— Hix niniitln : Coilu »41. 
 
 
 . !'• 
 
 •."hnir,,! Aft'' 
 
 Ciiii 
 
 Clerks and Servants. -1 ),.sti„yi„f; „r making false ...itrie, 
 mo,iM.I„y.i-,l„„.kH, ,.,...: C,,,!,.;),;!; „„. Fal«, A.™„..ti„K by 
 
 Counterfeiting: Money. Advertising, etc.: r,W,. ;,-,'/ ,„ 
 m,.;M I,,, I,.. A..t ../ v.mn, >,,,, K>v,y „„,. i, ;j„il,; of i.„ 
 .n.l,etablc.„H..,i,.c., „,i,l |i„l,|,. ,„,;,.„ , ■;,•„,/„,■„,; „,„,^, X' 
 
 (") II. any „r th,. way, „ii.|,tioii,.,l ailviTti,,., etc. any 
 countiTlfit t()k,.|i of valui. : " ' 
 
 ('<) or iMireliaws, m- nc^jotiai™ for saiiii! : 
 mvltLZ]"""' " "'■'"''"" '""""■ "' "".''■ "f "»■ ti-aiiHactionH 
 
352 
 
 SYNOPSIS or OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 I 
 
 feit token ot T«lue, or > (.eouttlerfeit lont nott 0/ the batik of, or other 
 mug, naminji lO, which pnrponed to be aoounterfeit token ol value. 
 or 
 
 (Follow the above form to the asterisk * and proceed ae tollowe) : 
 giving, or purporting to give, directly, or indirectly, information where, 
 or how, or ot whom or by what means, a counterfeit token of value, or a 
 (mrolkm K»al), which purported to be a counterfeit token of value, might 
 be procured, or had. 
 
 }Vt&«TUif.— Sessions. Magistrate on ;:on8ent. 
 
 Xltnttofton.— None. 
 See Code 642 fts to evidence in coinage offences ; 693, in 
 prosecutions for advertising counterfeit money; 460, 461, 
 479 (in the Criminal Code Amendment Act, 1900) tor defini- 
 tions ot terms ; 528, us to previous' convictions ; 539, as to 
 search warrants ; also R.S.C. c. 167, ss. 29-31, in appendix to 
 Criminal Code. 
 
 Counterfeltlnir Revenue Stamps : (7orfc4.yo.— This section 
 provides for the punishment by fourteen yearn imprinonment 
 for any of the various indictable offences therein mentioned, 
 in relation to revenue stamps 
 
 The following is a Form ot Charge for one of such 
 offences : 
 
 Form of Chart/e.—Tbut A.B., at , on , did unlawfully 
 
 and fraudulently couterfeit a stamp used for the purposes of revenue by 
 the Qovornment of the United Kingdom ot Great Britain and Ireland (or 
 of the Goverment of Canada, or of the Government of the Province 
 of , 01- any potsestion 1. - coloay of His M<Oeiily, or an) foreign alale, 
 
 naming it) , to wit, a two-cent postage stamp of the Dominion of Canada 
 {or ae the ease may be) . 
 
 JVilimKif.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limito(»oit.— None. 
 
 Counterfeltlngr Public Seals, or Seals of Courts, etc.: 
 
 Code i26-iJS. 
 
 C mceallng Incumbrances, etc., hy Seller or Mortgagor: 
 Code 170. — See Fraudulent Concealment. 
 
 ConvietS, Offences hy: Code 955, Amended by the Act of 
 1900, c. 40. 
 
 Creditors, Deftaudlngr: Code ,154. — See Fraud on 
 Creditors. 
 
 Cruelty to Animals -See Animals. 
 
 Crops, Setting: Fire to.— See Fire. 
 
 DamaETe.— See Injuries ; Wilful Damage. 
 
SVXOINIS OF OFFEXCEN, WITH FdllM.S. 35;j 
 
 Dead Human Body, Misconduct respeetinir OhI. -oil 
 Every one w guilty of an indietal.l,. ,,h;™, "ul iLue tu\ 
 years inipriso eiit wlio~ '" ""^ "= 
 
 whether buried oV not "' " '""""" ■■"""""• 
 
 /■..™„/CT„„.,e._ThatA.B., on „, 
 
 I'llly. and without lawful expus.' iiflc-l-nt *^ 'i . ■ aid nnlaw- 
 
 I' i" by law with reter,,,„ trrdend h ml ry"'."" ".■)"'}■ imposed npon 
 body of hi, infant child "" ''"''•*'' '" »'«• '» bury the dead 
 
 Defamatory Libel, /•»«„.„ („ /„. ,;,;„, . (.„,„ .^^^ 
 
 285, by t,^ critni^r; ^^::;c:[, z:t^ " ^"-'^ 
 
 ' I '■ , ,. , ' '^''' unlawfully 
 , and pnl.lished at the 
 
 Fmm ,,f Chmge.^TkM A.B., at 
 publish (m a newspaper i-alled 
 
 "' iir v(«(r„„ , .,,1 ' """ ["'""'bed at the 
 
 libel in relaton ' o C U " i theTn"^'"n''"''-"'"" «•"''»." defamatory 
 
 '*»o. ^e. the said A'B!;ih';'nta:i';,?th'e''rri-;;,rs-:' '"' ""' ^' 
 
 botV! ""'"- ""> '■""' ^Pn'onn-eiit or two hundred dollars fine, or 
 
 302^^ 'Thelnrn ^'''m' ^"'T """' """ '''"'" ■""■"'i<'"«i ■■ Code 
 
 Limitation. — None. 
 ^.^Defa,n„tory lAM, E.,oHio„ I,,: (■„,). .100.-8., Extor- 
 
 Defpauding- Cpeditors.-See Frau.l 
 
 Form o/ CAnroi?.— That A R «*- 
 disturb, or interrupt, o' disnuiet nn ». 'i,?' , ' >"'' ""'""r 
 
 together at („a», ^wirtrr;/,,!! T,;?''''T "' "r""" ""■■ """ 
 Sl'bJpi&St'^/^-'-T^^^-JeiC^ 
 "...i.. . nolae, within .he^alT pYae^Jf :^el."te7,'n,':'?r rjeaT .Hi 
 
3S4 
 
 SYNorslS OF DFIESCEH, WITH FORMS. 
 
 said place of sueh meeting as to disturb tlie order or tlie solemnity of 
 the said meeting), tiien and there being 80 held. 
 
 7"n6un«/.— A justice or magistrate, summarily. 
 
 Lii«i7fl(i(>H.— Six months: Code 641. Punishment, $50 and costs, in 
 default one month's imprisonment. 
 
 Code 1!>S. — Every one is guilty of an indictable offence 
 and liable to tme i/mr'/i imprimnment who keeps any dis- 
 orderly house, that is to say, any common bawdy house, 
 common ffaming house or common betting house, as herein- 
 before detined. 
 
 2. Any one who appears, acta, or behaves as master or 
 mistress, or as the person having the care, government or 
 management, of any disorderly house shall be deemed to be 
 the keeper thereof, and shall "be liable to be prosecuted and 
 punished as such, although in fact he or she is not the real 
 owner or keeper thereof. 
 
 Form 0/ Charge.— Tbut A.B., at , on , unlawfully 
 
 did keep and maintain a disorderly house, to wit, a common bawdy 
 house, by keeping and maintaining a certain house or room, situate 
 , for purposes of prostitution. 
 
 That A. B., at , on , did unlawful;; keep and maintain 
 
 a disorderly house, to wit, a common gaming house, by keeping and 
 maintaining for gain a certain house, or room situate at , to 
 
 which persons then resorted for the purpose of playing at games of 
 chance. 
 
 Tribunal. — Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limilation. — None. 
 
 Code 7tiJ in the Act of 1895, c. 40, gives summary jurisdic- 
 tion to two justices, as well as to a magistrate, to try summarily 
 without consent the offences mentioned in Code 783(/), of 
 keeping, or being an inmate, or habitual frequenter of a dis- 
 orderly house, house of ill-fame or bawdy house. Punish- 
 ment, tine of not more than 8100 or six months imprisonment 
 or both : Code 788. 
 
 The same ss. 783, 788, also give summary jurisdiction to 
 a magistrate over offences mentioned in s.-S8. (/), (g), (A), (i); 
 and applies the same punishment. 
 
 For definitions: see Code 195, 196, 197, 207 (i) ; search 
 warrants. Code 574, 575, as amended by 57-58 Vict, c. 57 ; 
 destruction of gaming articles, ib. 
 
 Code 199 provides for the summary trial before two jus- 
 tices, and a fine of »20 to $100 tor the offence of playing, or 
 
SV.N-OPSIS OF OriENCES, WITH FORMS. 35.5 
 
 Limitation 
 
 looking 01 ,t play, in a common gaminj; house 
 ot tune to. . rowcution, si.x niontli» : Code S4I. 
 
 ..o««.: Code 702,ro.,L«;.::,t^,rAct'';'f I^r'''"'"^ 
 
 Domestic Anlmals.-'l'heft of, Code J.l' Jji 
 See TUefl. " ' ' 
 
 Driving Furiously : see Furious Driving. 
 
 Drussln? to Procure Abortlon.-See Abortion 
 
 vJ:z:""v!::'-;::; ;'[,'''■' -"■ ' »' "> *«- «»-' 
 
 Form «/ C/iar</c— That A B at 
 tnlly apply (or administfr) to (or cnu.p tn l,«'ffb.. > > o „' '*''' ""l""- 
 OT- girl, a drag (or intoxieatini o,m^ ''"'° "'y' ^■^■' » "Oman, 
 
 .0 with intent to TflT^VZ^l;:;\Z''ZTn"' ""'<>■ ""'"IX'S 
 Mable the said A.B. „r any Der.o„l tr, ,,'' '"'? ^■}'r "> " ""reby to 
 with the said CD. ^ "^ ' ° ""'^^ ""lawful carnal eonnection 
 
 Tribunal. -Sesaiom. Magistrate on consent 
 Limilalioit, — None. 
 
 cj7/f''i '^f'/:"™' <» Commit any Indktahle Offence- 
 Code .44— See Administermg Drug witi, Intent. 
 
 Dnig,. Offenn.j to Sell. Ha,-i„g for Sale, or AdveHhina 
 Uedu-i„e, ete to P„.;,re AlJtimu etc. cXitIZ 
 A-memled by the Act of inorj. '^' "* 
 
 /'orra o/C/rarje.— That A.B., at „„ , . 
 
 See further provisione and exception in B.-ss. 2, 3. 
 Tnlmrml.-Sesstom. Magistrate on consent. 
 £iffli(fl«ow.— None. 
 
 Druggimj with Intent to Commit an Indictable Offence ~ 
 .See Administering Drugs. 
 
 Duel, Challenge to fight a: Code 91. 
 
 Fo'iii of Ckarge.—ThU A.B., M on a-a , 
 
 to"'L°. fn'T/"/."''"'™'" "?■ "«" "" "™-°«««, to pr'ovikeTc D 
 Ir't IX. due?)" ""'•"'""'' '°"""°°' '■> '■"'-''• CD. ?" oh'.'lle'^.g. 
 
 3VjS«M(.-SeMionB. Magistrate on conient. 
 iimitalioii.— None. 
 fwii»»i»«ii(._Three years. 
 
35f> 
 
 SVXOl'XIS OF OKFENX'ES, WITH KOKMS. 
 
 Drunkenaess is not by any Htatutc, niivie a criiiiiiml 
 oftciict;, unlfSM accomiianied hy diMordei .y conduct att'cctin;; the 
 public, in wliiuli cawo it is an oH'cnce. wlietliev in a public 
 place or in a mans own lu.uw : K. v. Blakely, 6 RR. 244: 
 K. V. Ualy, 24 C.L..J. 157: Kx p. Despatif, 9 LX. UH" : 
 Martin v. Frid^'eon. I K'. 6l El. 77H : Soder v. Cray, 7 
 L.T.X.S. 324; Re Livinjjstone, 6 PR. 17. Hut s«e iMun. 
 Act, K.S.O., c. 2213, h. 549, as to by-laws ajjainst diunkenut-HH. 
 
 Drunk and Disorderly.— See Bi.sorderly Conduct: Ccdi- 
 207(/). 
 
 Disorderly Conduct, ar Vagmiu-}/: ('ixli> .Jo;\ 
 
 (n) f'i'nn of Charge.— TiiRt A.B., at , on , not Imvinp 
 
 any visible means of Hiib»iBten«e, was found unlawfully wandering 
 abroad, or was found lodgiiiK in a barn, or outhouse, or in a deserted or 
 unoccupied building, or in a eart or wnsgon ((>■■ as olhirtrisf sintt-il hi 
 Code :.'07 in) an amonlctt by the Crimiml Code AmcMlmetit Jrl, S'.m); or 
 
 (fc) Being able to work nnd thereby {or by other tHeam, stating Hum) 
 to maintain himself and family, wilfully and unlawfully rt fnsfd or 
 ueglected to do so (nee also Cmie JOH et neq.) : or 
 
 (c) Tnlawfully did openly expose or exhibit in a street, or road, or 
 highway, »r public place, to wit, (slate the plare), an indecent exhibition 
 (sec infra IndevvHt l.'jiiibitiotin) ; or 
 
 {d) Was unlawfully wandering about and begging, or did unlawfully 
 go from door to door, or place himself in a street, ")■ highway, or paBsage', 
 or public placts to wit, (tiame it), to beg or to receive alms, without a 
 certificate signed within six months, by n I'riest, or Clergyman, or 
 Minister of the Gospel, or two .lustices of the Peace, as bv law 
 required; or 
 
 (e) Did unlawfully loiter on a public street, or road, or highway, or 
 public plin-f, to wit, (desn-H>e ahere), and obstruct passengers by stand- 
 ing across the footpath, or by using insulting language, to wit, {slate the 
 language used) or (state ofnj other tray by ichieh niiif passenger on the wai/ 
 teas ohstrneted) ; or 
 
 (/) l*"tl unlawfully cause a disturbance in or near any street, or road, 
 or highway, or public plaee (describing it), by screaming, ttr swearing, or 
 singing, or by being drunk, or by impeding or incommoding peaceful 
 passengers (see Drunkenness). — {yote: The gravamen of this charge is 
 causing a disturbance by any of the means stated) ; or 
 
 (?) By discharging firearms, or by riotous, or disorderly conduct, to 
 wit, by (describe it) in a street, or highway, in the said of 
 
 wantonly and unlawfully disturbed the peace and quiet of the inmates of 
 the dwelling-house of C.I)., situate near the said street or highway; or 
 
 (A) Did unlawfully tear down or deface a sign, or break a window, or 
 a door, or i door-plate, or the wall of a house, or of a road, or of a 
 garden, or destroyed a fence (describing where any of these things was) — 
 (see also ffilfiil Damage) ; or 
 
 (0 Being a common prostitute, or night-walker, wandered in the 
 fields adjacent to the of , or in the public streets, or 
 
 highways, or lanes, or places of public meetings, or gathering of people, 
 and upon demand being thereupon made of her by a peace officer of the 
 8*-'' of , she did not give a satisfactory account of 
 
 herself; or 
 
MN„,S,.S ,.K „KFEX,E.S, «ITH FORMS. ;).„ 
 
 (»« l>imr,l„ly Horn,) ■ ,„■ ' "^ ^'""^ '"' ""» «•»»« o( ppo.tititei 
 
 tnlM, an,. „;,„,. being r™„ired W ,!■/ "i" '"''"'* '«»<•« of proiti- 
 till- aTufi, „f pro,tit„ii„„." ' "'■nwl' by gaming, „r by t,.i,„e, ,» bT 
 
 "Pubiic. pl,„„.. i, ,|^fl„,„, .. .^ 
 
 offence. , see aniindmeui W 57 w'vLl'"""'^-"''" ""■'• »">' "• ""■ «l«ve 
 •'"""""""•-Hi.v months: Code 841 ' ' '' 
 
 Election Documents, Ballots Pnii Rn«i, p. 
 
 respecting; : Code 503. Iiulictablo ""CtioriN — „fie„ce>. 
 
 Form of CI,<mje.-TbM A B .1 
 
 ajade an addition of na.„e8 (.„■ „»Tc^,e ;,",* i.^ ."■''" '"■ '"'"•' >« bo 
 eleolion. ,„■ ballot or yoter^ list V „ i'*V , ' '? '"■ "PO") « »ril of 
 0«le Ml), made, or prepared or 'll^n '*,:: ''"""". '''"■'"""" "» »'«„rf „ 
 Eleotion» ,\et" (or a, (Af ,,,,/»„„T, ?"' atoording to the '•Dominion 
 the Ho„,e of ^Lt^in.ofTwda 't'or't?'' f'r ,""■ ' -'"'be? o? 
 
 .r°'-' " , A.D. „'":"■' ''■°™» '»«r.')'':h:'iKrs:e"''''^"' ■" d'i; 
 
 f'''"""'- -So.8ion,. Magistrate on consent. 
 LimttatioH. — None. 
 
 KleSo^Z'^nt?" Code 3=0*'' »"° " ^'«" -"- "' Vn>..,„n, Taking 
 
 Embezzlement See Theft. 
 
 EmbFacery.— See Bi'i:,i,ijr Jmy, etc 
 
 Escapes and Rescues: /J,v,,i.,„,, /vi,,„„. r,./ ,^, 
 
 po«»„ confine,, U^.r! ^t^^tiS ^i:::' " ""^ "'^^ 
 
 for/d »^ rAffr(7e.— That \ n ot '^ ' 
 
 volenoe, did nniawfnlly b'real.- ."Jri.n, ,„ ^i.^the oommoi-laj?:; £ 
 
If -\ 
 
 11 ' I 
 
 358 
 
 .SYSOI'SIH OK OKKENCE.S, WITH FORMS. 
 
 
 County of , with Intent to set at liberty hinmelf, the said A.B. 
 
 (or one, CD.) he, the naid A.B. {or CD.) then being a person conflued 
 In the said prison on a criminal chnrffBf to wit, intate ihe charge). 
 
 Attempting to lireiik Prieon: Coile /6',/^Every out' in 
 guilty of an indictable otfence and liable to two //earn 
 impi'Monment who fittfinpts to break prison, ov who forcibly 
 breaks out of his cell, or makes any breuch therein with 
 intent to escape therefrom. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A. B., at , on the , A.U. 19 , 
 
 then beiuK a prisoner confined in the common gaol or prison at 
 on a criminal charjfe, did unlawfully attempt to break the said prison 
 {or forcibly break out of h\n cbII in the said prison, or make a breach In 
 his cell in the said prison) with intent to escape therefrom. 
 
 Eactipc from Custody, Either before or after conviction ; 
 C<Hie la-i WJt. 
 
 Form of Charge: Code 163 (fl).~That A.B., at , on 
 
 having theretofore, to wit, on the day of A.l). IH , been 
 
 lawfully convicted of the offence {stale the nffenee), and being on the day 
 and at the place first above mentioned, in lawful custody under such 
 conviction, to wit, in the common gaol in the (bounty of {or in eliarge of 
 a peace officer by whom he was then lawfully being conveyed to prison), 
 under a lawful war int issued upon such conviction, did unlawfully 
 escape from such cuiiiody. 
 
 
 Code IGS (fc).~That A.B., a* , on , being then and 
 
 there lawfully confined in a prison, to wit, the common gaol of the County 
 of , on a criminal charge, to wit {slate ihe charge), did unlaw- 
 
 fully escape from the said prison. 
 
 or 
 
 Code J64.—ThHt A.B., at , on , being then and there 
 
 in lawful custody of a peace officer of the County of , on a 
 
 criminal charge, to v:it {slate the charge), did unlawfully escape from 
 such custody. 
 
 Encape ; Remnio. or AuMidinff ; or peace officer voluntarily 
 and intentionally permitting escape : Code l(i5, 16(). 
 
 Form of Charge: Code 105 {«).— That A.B., at on 
 
 did unlawfully rescue CD- {or assist CD. in escaping, or attempting to 
 escape from lawful custody under sentence of death {or of imprisonment 
 for life) upon a criminal chnrge, to wit {describe Ihe crime) . 
 or 
 
 To escape from lawful custody after conviction and b tore sentence, 
 upon a charge of a crime punishable with (death, or punishable with 
 imprisonment for life, to wit {describe the crime). 
 
 Code 165 (fi).— That A.B., at , on , thin being a 
 
 peace officer, and having one CD. in his lawful custody as ^ach («r he 
 then being an officer, to wit, the keeper or a guard, or i i.'nkey of a 
 prison, to wit, the common gaol of the County of , in which 
 
SYXOPMH .)K <,|.FEX<ES, WITH FdKMs. agj, 
 
 the .«W A ^.. did th,n .nd M,.,J ^'T'"' °' <■"'"' ""■ •■li»"l'). li». 
 
 tlo„„Uy permit th;.„i3 C u/.r;.;,,",."" " ■'' °''"' """"»'">■ «"-' i"t.n: 
 
 a peace „ffl„r tor ••olu'airl v Z'„»,?,""'': '"'' '" ""' "'■">"■• "' "K""'" 
 
 KKfii/ir — J'nnr 
 
 Ci-uni 
 
 ml I "'I' .\mri,iln„nt Art. liKllt' 
 
 FoftH '>/ (.'fniryf.—T\mt A li at 
 
 a..a .,,„:,,„„ .„ peX;;:':s;:i^d^;^;r:: i;i;*K;;;:^;i^;;:;'rK?^ 
 
 A. 15., Ill the premines, to wjt. by (Wi^ /A^ h,^/, * 
 
 Z-.,Ji,„„(._He»„»M. MnKi.tratc on consent 
 
 Linntittiim.Sone, 
 
 Pu»ifthmetit.~One venr 
 
 .>/' rf«/j, ,,/ 
 
 1"/^ /«;. 
 
 iniprisoiiment. 
 Kxcape^AliJiiig Kmipr /■,■„,„ /',.,»„„ 
 fV.™ „/ CJor^r.-Tliat A.B,. nt 
 and w,tl, intent to facilitate ti.e escape of 'c 
 "■.prisoned in the common gaol of ,|,„ F„,„ ,,. Z, 
 ploT" '° "■ ""^-y-" » ""tain (-°r ' ' 
 
 pri 
 
 . nnlawfnllv 
 oner lawfnlly 
 
 . did convey 
 into the naid 
 
 Coiu-iH Being „t huy, Jirtuiv Kvp, 
 
 ■ii.hnif i,f Sfiilenv 
 
 For,»„/r;,„,,,„._T|,„tA.B.,„t „„ , ■ , 
 
 theretofore sentenced to imprisonmenl ,.„„„' V • • , l "avmB been 
 Utal, llic chamr), afterwards at H?.ni, ^T ? "'">'"»' 'harBe, to wit 
 the expiration of tele™ for IhcMr "" '"""' '"""•""M. »"J before 
 without a lawful excuse '' ''" "'"' "° »e"'"""ii. was at large 
 
 (Jov*!oei'r c"ouS' °- '"•■ "' '" '"'"■""°"»' -"■»•'■ <" .'-oner, .,y the 
 
 fsca/)^ of Primni',' of War 
 AmiMing in : Cmlf lUO'. 
 
 As to punishment of escaped pi-isonei-s, «„. Co.le 169 
 The offences under Code 159-168 ,i,-e indictable 
 
 2*:S,:^Z'- "•«"""•--»-• See57.S8Vict.,c.57. 
 
 flve'';;t*Tc;dT'i'Sf°;evfn%eS. 'S/r/^' i"pM.onn,ent: Code 160, 
 years; Code ru, ^^-^ ^^^ ^ iHt^^i^^^JS: li^l^^^ 
 
 -h'liotrlngli/ ,tn.l Wll/altg 
 
360 
 
 SYSOPHIS or OfKENnES, WITH KOHMS, 
 
 Code 188 (o) in Animiilment Act of 1000. one y««ri Code 187, two 
 yean; Code 18K, two years. 
 
 Hee alio 53 VIot.. c. 37, In app. to the Criminal Code. 
 
 Evidence, False.— See Perjury. 
 
 Explosives, UiildvfuUn Milking oi- PiMHemliKj: Vixle 101. 
 
 Form of r*air;f.-Th«t A.B., al , on , did nnlawfuliy 
 
 make, or unlawfully and knowingly have in bia pomealion, irr under UN 
 control an expiosive subatance, namely, (riMPrtA* »r name »0, "°"" 
 ^upli oircuniBtauoes as to dive rise to a reawnable auapicion tliat he did 
 not make [or is not raukiufr.r'r that he had not in bia poaaenBion or under 
 his control) the auid explosive wubstance for a lawful object, which 
 ciroumatancBa were {»r are) at follows: {fdalc them), 
 
 i»M»Wiweit/.— Heven y„nrB Impriaonment. 
 
 ExpliiMiuii, Clinging DuiiDPrniin: Cmh .9,9.— Iiidictfttile 
 Offence. 
 
 /•ormo/CTiorsc— That A.B.,at , on '?''?," 
 
 explosive substRnco. namely, (name or tte.ierihe it), unlawfully iind wil- 
 fully caused an explosion, of n nature likely to endanger life (or to 
 eause serious injury to property). 
 
 fwnijffcmeH/.— Imprisonment for life. 
 
 Explmiim.Duinti (in// Acl,oi- Cowtpiring, to Caune: ('ode 
 100. — Indictable Otlcnce. 
 
 Form of Charlie: muter Code 100 (o).— A similar form to that under 
 Code 09; see next preceding form; or 
 
 That A. B., on , at , unlawfully and wilfully con- 
 
 spired with C.D. to cause by an explosive substance, to wit, (name it), 
 an explosion likely to endanger life (or to cause serious injury to 
 property) ; or 
 
 tWfr Cmfc ;«)(!>) .-That A. B., at , on , unlaw- 
 
 fully and wilfully made, or had in his possesaion. or under his cantrol, 
 an explosive substance, to wit, (name it), with intent by means thereof 
 to endanger human life, ", to cause serious Injury to property; or, to 
 enable C.l). by means thereof to endanger human life, or to cause 
 serious injury to property. 
 
 Putti^ihment,— Seven years. 
 
 Tribvat: under Code Oil- /y/.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 lAm, ition. — None. 
 Piweedings under Code 100 are to go no farther than 
 arrest and remand for safe custody without the consent of 
 the Attomoy-Oeneral : Code 54.5 : and see Coiie 3 (h). 
 For definition of explosive sulastance, see Code 3 (0- 
 As to search warrants for and seizure of e.xplosive sub- 
 stances see Code 5C9 (7), (8), (10). 
 
 Ej-phmi-is, Viiiuing Bodily /iijnrim By: Code .LP. — 
 Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to 
 impru'imment for life who unlawfully, and by the explosion 
 
SVNOPNIS OK OFFEXfES, «IT1I FORMS. ;)01 
 
 of any t-xplwiy.. ™b»tance, burn,, „mim, .li,fi™rf, disables 
 or d«.H any ^ru'vous Mily burn, u, any |«.r«,„ 
 
 AtfempfH: i'tnif .'J^s. 
 
 Form ofChttiye (Code '_'47).-Tliiit A H on , 
 
 bodily harm to (■■.1) dilKure, w .h.oM,, ,„■ do grl.voui 
 
 Form itf Chiiriir (Code ^48 (ii) (111 -That A n «., 
 
 »-• delivered to, i.l.I^Jdt be ft / / « tiv "d'',,! <■■' m'™'"''' V "^■'' 
 
 3yr;:::'t^;^;r,-i;i~™'''*rT"-' " 
 
 >obst«nce, to »it, (ram"?,) "' '"I'' '" "«"•'• »" ojplosiT. 
 
 I>-i6«»o/.-Se»8ioiia. Mogistrate i 
 LiiHitatioH.- Sotw. 
 
 1 conjtent. 
 
 Exphmon, Altemjil to iln Dam.ig,- Hi/ ; 
 
 "'<• .{.S',y. 
 
 , . • »" , did wilfully 
 
 'Xplosive BiiljHtaiioe, to wit, i'teitvribe 
 
 Form of CImrfie.-ThM A.B 
 •od unlawrully place or throw 
 
 chattel.. • " """'" °""»l"""y, o,- working tool,, J^ 
 
 Tribuml.-SMtmM. Magistrate on conwnt. 
 
 /.mitn/ioB.— None. 
 
 P«ni»/m™(.-Pourteeii years imprisominnt. 
 
 Extortion, by Aceuslngr of Crime : r„h .})).!, joo. 
 
 Formof riiarge.-Tbat A.B., Bt on i- 1 , . 
 
 accuse (or threaten to aecusal r n r.t „., /w , ,' '" unlawfully 
 
 (or imprisonment for se^eTtea'r' °r m,rr^T" P'"> <h.ble with death 
 « C.Hle 405 (ij); „,■ '"the offeMe of i.iiT 7, '''"''" ""* "J^"'™- 
 »#«.«, ,„ cJeii, <»°) with Sent there),.? '""'«"'" "■"*'' "'*" 
 
 As to what ia accusing: see R. v. Kenipel, 31 O R 031 ■ 
 R. V. Johnston, 14 U.C.R. ,5«9. ' 
 
 enq^-^oli'ly-^"""'" ''°"" •'""'" "' «»Bi"™le to hold preliminary 
 liimitalUm . —'Hone . 
 
362 
 
 Hvsopsis (IK o»'»'e:ni-em, with kormh. 
 
 FuiiiNhmcntH umltT Cmle 405: fnurtewii yfiiix. or umlcr 
 CutJu 40<t. Ni'vi'i) yi-arN iiiipriNiiiiineiil : we iiIho threAtcniiif; 
 letU'i'M; I'oivibly cuiii[H-llin^ I'xpcutimi of iloeiiini'iitH ; Htcal, 
 deiiiiuMl with intt-iit to: eouHpirucy to Itriiij; fulHi> acvuHatioii. 
 
 Extortion, by Defamatory Libel : (W/f .ton ,- m-e alHo 
 
 defaiiiiitory lilx>l. 
 
 Form of C^off/^.— Tlint A.M., nt . on , diil tiiilawfully 
 
 publliitir f'r tliraHtftif .|>. to |iii)iliili,nrolTiirvd to(M>. toaltitnin frotnputt- 
 liihiiiK. "f olTerKd (M). to nreveiit the publiNhliit; of b defamatory lll>el 
 wltli intent* to exto * iioiifj- from the iiafd (M>. [i>r from K.F.), »»■ with 
 intent to induce C'.O. ynr K.F.) to coiiter upon the nnid A.H. {or upon 
 one (KH.I.orto procure for the nuid A.B. [nr one <t.ll.). ftli ftp|>oilit- 
 meut (iir oflloe) nf profit (or triint), to wit inlalr lehnl iii>iK>inlmrnl or 
 oj^re), or iHilfittI nf Ihr forefioimj iroritu tuiiinniHtj " iri/A intrul "* unhnli- 
 tutf the fotloteiiiij : in coniie<|uenve of the snid A.M. (or (i.ll.) Iinvinp 
 been refiined money )iy the naid ('.if, {or K.F.}, or in (■onHefpience of tlie 
 ■aid A.B. (or U.II.) jinvintf Iwen refused an appointment (or otHce) of 
 profit (or trii«t). to wit (xtnli' tibut aii/'oinlmmt oro(Hce). 
 
 Tribintiil. — H^MloDn. Maglntrate on cotioeiit. 
 
 Limitation . — None . 
 
 t*Hninktt 
 or both. 
 
 fi'. — Two yeuFH iiuprlaoniuent. or tine not expeeding $00(1, 
 
 Extortion by Threats : Sih- 'PlncutH, Tlirfftt(Miin<; I^ttci-s. 
 False Accounting* /»»/ rh-,-k or Srrr,i,>f ,„• <>^rn:- Cmif 
 i}UO. 
 
 ForiH of Chfirj/f.—Thnt A.M., at .on , then being 
 
 the (.'lerli, or Herviint, of (',]>,, unlawfuliy and with intent to defraud the 
 ■aid CD., did detttroy, or mutilate, or falsify, a certain liook (or otiifr 
 iking mentionrtl), which then belonged to the Bald CM>., by (hrre net ohI 
 the alteration iir falniJieatioH) . 
 
 Tribunal. — Hesniona. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitation. — None . 
 
 PuttishmiHt.—ti^ivtin years imprisonment. 
 
 Folw Arnnnttiinj by OfftrUtl: Vwlf ./6'.(. 
 
 Fithv Hhtfnnnit htj Piihtir 0^r,-r: CiMle .W7. 
 
 Fiilxe Bonk- R^'fnnis: R.S.C. c. -U. 
 
 FahAji Uninif the Title "Bunk": Ih. 
 
 Ftitsf Pi-tmpectiiH, /ftHuing of: Vtxle ./6*-7, 
 
 Fnlftf Krifh'iire, A^fidacitu, etc. — See Perjury. 
 
 FaUe Xeu'M^ Pi.ihli>*hin(f: Code 1*0. 
 
 Form o/ C'tncf/e.— That A.B., at , on , did unlawfully, 
 
 wiifuliy and knowingly publisii false newH (or a false tale), to wit, 
 {utate irliat it kiis), whereby injury, or mischief was (or was likely to be) 
 
SVXCI^W „K oKKKNTLs. « ,TI1 K..HJ(». ;l„a 
 
 r»H„l,m 
 
 iiotl». ll.|(i,trBle „„ „„„„„, 
 
 'I', 'liifjenr', lnipri.om„ni(. 
 
 False Pretenoei, «,.,. rhrrt l,y: r„A- ./.;.v..,7;.; 
 .7(,7, ' '"""III" ho.l,^ M„„,,i ,„ „ /_,,,,,,^,. ,,^^^^^ 
 
 ».i.Ci™;;p,!;.t?j„7«7C/}i;l\i,;''„;,t»Vrv"',',''''ii'i'''''' "i-h-Mrui 
 
 money („r «,. ,*, „„, „ ,, 1. ,1 1 ,mr 1, f.^ "'"* ' " *'''''' """ °' 
 
 MiiKistrntti on pousent. 
 
 /.tmitiilinu. — \ori 
 
 /'MwwAwfH/.^Three years iRiiiriHoiim4-Mt, 
 
 Oftf,n,iii,ti /C.n-rtih',,., .,.' li i i- 
 
 *■ ''iiht'"U'iC::::j'r.!!;:'z:' ■' - "'"-'"'''■ 
 
 oU„i„,„,, j;„„,,i,. ri,l.;n.,f /'„/., /.,.,,,,,„.,.,. ,;,/,.. la.' 
 False Telegrrams. (s™ii..B i„ fal».. „u„„.., rw,. j',v 
 
 A.B. to defmuJ one IM, mMM- I'"' ",'"'"' "" "'» l'»" »' 'I.. ..id 
 
 intent „„ th. P". of tw"",. "'a ?.,,,?, ',"• °".'!'""'>' "'""-"I'l »»* 
 ''""I'linim, y„U. Jf„n,.,.- (%/,, j.,, 
 
 l:^p^rT-;;^t,t^C,i:!i;-^-' -'- p-. .» inj.„. 
 ^::^»:^;^:"°''^'"'"^^°- ''"•'""- M»«i..r.t.o„c„„..„.. 
 
 •wo yen™ inifiiigoiiment. '""^K™"- •'•> (-oJu 4:;j; under Code 4:9, 
 
 False Warehouse Receipts: c„,l^ ■i:a~n,.,. vv ... i 
 Felo de se — See .Suicide. 
 
M* 
 
 hVNOl'MIH Of ()KKEN(:tM WITH fciKMx 
 
 Knr iliHiiition of tlii' wonl " ' 
 
 filtul," I'lc. «u Oil" ■I'*!. 
 
 r,„m. „. Ti..iA.B.,.t .»• . . »i>Uwtiinj-. 
 
 ■tIKiilly «,tiM,.i lf|[«l juitlUfMlon or rnsuf, nnd wllboiil eolour or 
 rialit. .11.1 ."1 «"■ t.> • o.rt.ln l.mrnlim irkal IM. 'tl .Hrr I... ..> i« < .»(' 
 
 Thul A. 11.. «t , on . unlnwtiilljr, wnriilly. without 
 
 Kill jii 
 diftram\. 
 
 leitiil Jii«ililo«'tion or eicui.. without colour of riBht. iiii.l with Inl.nt to 
 d»rr»u.l, .11.1 Mt llr. to («(olr ■•tnO. l«.lon«lii|( to the ■.il.l A U. 
 
 .1 «<■,../.''■./ Ai'mlii : t'lilf !■•<•''. 
 Tli«t \ 11 nt , on , unlnwfully. wlKiilly, without 
 
 leiial Ju.tlilcntlon or excuio. .nj wlth..ut colour o( rlilht, .lia .ll.mpl to 
 ■rt «•« to n l.(M<ri(>c), b«longlng to M.. «nd »iti.»tBj in 
 aforfHtl.l. 
 
 JV<ftHM<i^— SeMloHB. MoRUtrite on consent. 
 
 /.jinihi'i'.B.— None 
 
 /■.;i.»/..«r«l.-For art>:m. !!(• ImprUonment ■, or (or allrmfl. tonrteen 
 jenrN. 
 
 Srniiiji Firr In Ciiypit: Ciili' ■'f'<4- 
 
 Attriii/il '.. M Fire In friqii: I'mlr i>*'>. 
 
 F..r«o/(*o,9«.-Tli.tA.B.,.t , on . unl.wtulljr 
 
 wlHully, Without legul Juitlllcntlon or excuie, and "Ithoiit colour of 
 right did ...t lire to n certain Utale «•*«(). to wit, (.I.-IT|(,.) , the pro- 
 perty ot (Ml., and tliereliy Injured {or deetroyed) the Mme. 
 
 Allem,,l -(.Siimr m nimr In !*<■ »"r.l "<(../." IheHimtrl Ikt .folhuriiuj) ■■ 
 •tlempt to eel (ire to (Halt ic»ol, o. .> Ikt frietilmg form): or 
 
 III.1 wiKully net Are to (.(o(« «»ol), which wM then .o .ltu..to.l Hint 
 he the .aid A.B.. then knew that a certain (mrnli.m »».» ../ (ki (fti»(l« 
 Mill: "o,h J*J. „c.-.,i-,((..ii (0 (»« /."■'), wa. llkelj to catch lire there- 
 from. 
 
 Trihuml. -Seasiona. Magiatrate on consent. 
 
 W»rti/n'.»M.— None. 
 
 /hi«i(/.".<.il. -Under Code 4»4. fourteen yenra ; under tode 4Ho, 
 aeven yeiirs. 
 
 KerkhHHli/ in- Vnliiirfilllii MtimJ Fire In Fmnl, el- 
 ('.»*■ isu. 
 
 . A.I). 19 
 
 111 
 
 /'orm..CC/"i.-1f.— That A.n.. at , on 
 
 •uoh neidiitence'na ahewed him to be reckle.i,, ..r wantonly, regHrdleja ... 
 ;on,eq.KnM.. (or in violation ot a provincial (,»■ ""■"■"'P"!) "" °' "j 
 locality) to wit, {.■id- (»e «(.ili.(i', o.- rtguhilioii. vr bji-lan), mt hre to 
 ("(,11. rl,.il, ..« .» ('.« otorc ,<«((..»), whereby the lame was injured (or 
 destroyed ) . 
 
 IVidiirKi;.— Se««iona. Mngialrnte on consent. 
 
 lim.(rt(io».— None. 
 
 PM«i»A.He(i(.— Two years impriflonment. 
 
f ■,»/,. 
 
 "xsni^tsu, •„m:v,,>. „,r„ ,,„„^, 
 
 .'ItiS 
 
 '■ ( .'). Tl 
 
 •«■..„ ».,i,„;, j;,,,„,, ,/; « "m*,,,!..! » l„iv.. m.i 
 
 inx II..' nH;.,„i.., f„, in, ,""' ,7; '"•'"" '/■''• ■•'i""'»t«.„,|. 
 
 -!..• off,..,,!..,. .,i: ,'"'';' ':'•""•;•" ''.v 'I- ' '"iiui ..r 
 
 with ..r will,,,,.,' 1,:," II;;;,? "" • '•■" '"'« -i^ ...onth., 
 
 nmii.i,, //„,•„,,./,•,.• i;.lr j.s;. 
 
 '"'"".'"'I. "'■ .■•ruin itrnlii r.r li„> ,.. .1. *""' ""•'..'"'•(. rfn- 
 
 filf^r'' T'"""- •■"""I"'".'.- .... .■......►III. 
 
 Al*»»/(I/(()N,— \oiif., 
 
 Pu'Mmrnl. Two )e„r,. 
 
 Fire-Anns, Dlscharirini s., .,« , 
 til- Ii.a.v ,„„l ,,„i,., " r^ViJ . • """"" •'"■""•'»""•'■ of 
 
 :» (.'"ilty „i „„ i„,ii,.,ui,i,. „•„.„„■,.„ ,„,,| I ,,,,'■ '■'"■'•>• '"'.'' 
 iinprisonnhnt who kiumi,. ,1 1 '" """ >■'■•"• « 
 
 "rt .... whieh I. kn,,w. .,;^;;r 'LJlil'ir^l;;"- food 
 
 '"'■« "/''Artrj/r.— That A n .,1 
 knowingly and wil(,illy f,p„„''r,' ,.,„ ,•?',, . '1"" .".InwfuIlT, 
 
 nlentto«l|) for l„,„,;„ LiJ"l„^'''Z ""','" f'' P""-"!.." »llh 
 he. the ,«ld A.B., lh,.„ knew I ol,.!, mH ? ?'"■ '" ""• '"""" ''). "I"l«b 
 
 Mnuislnit- on fOnHent. 
 
 Trilmwtl. -Sutt.om 
 /.iw" '(io». —Nonp 
 
 f.«i :; " ' ^''"™''""'' ''"■•■ "^"''- -■ •'*■ - "> ".l..l.,.m,icn of 
 ForolbleEn,ryorrnal„er.-I..H„,,lhyC,„h.H,.. 
 
 >'or;« '/C"Af(r<7t,— Tliat A R „f 
 ""'"""iHv, and ir, a monn. "likllv l„ .;, °" , ■ 'li.l unlawfully 
 
 .n « manner likely lo cailM reamn .Li , " "-""^ "' "'• V"'", <" 
 
 peace, to wit. (,„'„„, (L7»r,r ,° r L?'"'''''?."'''''' "' " '"•''■'''. "'the 
 
.J86 SVNOVSIS OK OKKENCES, WITH K..BMH. 
 
 '(.,„H*, .0, -lo^ -" .hen in .he a«„a. an^ .eac..Me po,.e..on 0, 
 
 CD.; „,■ 
 
 beins in ao.nal po.se««ion, wi.h- 
 
 Th»t A.B., a. .0" . t'„ w t, (dMfite "), i>i unlawful y 
 
 out ooloup o( rish., ».«"""'\r.e'» breach ot the penM, or reasonable 
 
 Te.alnitin amannerlikely toc.u«,«^ «•' j^ _^^^ ,,„„„„„.«!), 
 
 apprehension ot^a ^^«-^. "^Vllwlo .he po».es,ion .hereof. 
 '*'T,.il.»»ai.-Se«i»na. Magis.ra.e on eon»en.. 
 
 ...„„,i,„,.-None _^ ^^ ^ ^j_^^^^, ^,^y 
 
 A person «>t.t ed to p<»- -o^^ .^^ ^ ^, .^ely to cause 
 take It peaceably, It he call. " j ^^ ^^^^ ,„ 
 
 "..rn EnU3tme„t.-33 . 34 Vict., c. «0 (Inip.>, applies 
 to Canada. 
 
 Forest, Setting Fire to. Ne?ligently.-See F.ro. 
 
 ;C;y, Defamation and Statement of the law : Code 
 
 ^"'t't / '(-Every one who comniits forgery oE any of 
 Code 4,../.— tvery uu ^ ^^j ^^ 
 
 j:;diS^r::jf^e;LS=tSe'.^!^ 
 
 *''''" ^■'""■"- „ , on .didnnWully 
 
 f„„, „/ «i"'-J«-1''>a' A.B;. at . .^ ^^ ,,y (dwrrit. (*« 
 
 IVi(,»«»i.-Sesaion8. Magi.tr.« on conaent. 
 limilnlioii.— None. 
 
 f„,.,..,.-By drawing docun-ent in na^e, or on account 
 of another without authority : Code 431. 
 
 ,.„e,^ or «'-'ttlnTt™rnt^laroTtr^ 
 making or having »"y °^'™. '7™X 433, 434. 
 mitting forgery or counterfeiting. Code *.^-'; 
 Po^seming Forged Bank Note, : Code m 
 
 on , d'li unlawfully 
 
 Fom »/ C»<"'!'«--'''"''.^„:'.„u.e Bur;i.».e (or ree.iye) fron. CD. 
 and withoi. lawful an.hority or e,cu"e P"'^ ^^^^ ,„,,, ,„ ,i, (d«„„l. 
 (or have in hi» powession orouatoay) a lo n 
 
.SV.VO,..s,S „F „KFEN-CES, W,TH FORMS. .,67 
 
 ''"»'■»'""""— Fourteen years, 
 form 0/ CTrir^i'.— That A B of 
 
 S; ir^L^- s J-;- -n« "'""'- -« 
 
 cJ^^:" ^"- f'-'^™'- -;/■ ^ 
 
 (■" "(Ul, RiyMtf, 
 
 Making False Entries of TnnM.rs „t v; 
 
 l'»i^'^ng False Dioidend W„n;nits- C„le n, 
 
 fo,-ging OjSiei.,1 P,„lamati„n- Cu,le 1 ''■ ' ,. 
 .Ming Public Seals: Csle I ': ' i 1" ' ■ '"' '""^iter- 
 Code4i'6. •'• ■ "' *''"'" ':/ Couffs, etc.: 
 
 Fortune Telllng.-See Witchcraft 
 
 Franchise, Offences Against the- JiS.C. c ■- 
 
 Fraudulent Conveyance. -See Fraud, „„ Cred.tors 
 
 Frauds on Creditors -r . '^"'^"'' 
 
 moving or Concealing ProJ^!,TiT-'l\T''™J "/■ ^'- 
 
 ■■ece.v.„g property for I lik^f^'r^, " fX'Lr''^^ '' °' 
 
 foTM „/ c*ars,._That A B .. ' """'■ 
 
 .™....i.,„„?./CVA"-;vs;r,7£r,s---'- 
 
 J,. or 
 
 -.o.:«<°°i',o'i""^ '»■»":„• P"« 0' ifi. property, .„ „,. (,„„„,„„,,„ 
 (or concealed, or di.poaed of a part 
 
3fl8 SVXOf"SIS (IF DKKESfES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 of hi« property, to wit («/«'« llie nrlirin, mil in wlial mnniici- l*o Iff" 
 COHcealetl or itispitscd of] . 
 
 «r 
 
 That A K at , on . with the intent on tlie part o( 
 
 the said A.B.'that one 0.1). shouW defraud tlie creditors (cr E.F., one 
 of tlie creditors) of the said A.B., did unlawfully receive from the said 
 A.B. certain property of the said A.l)., to wit (.-Mle irlial) . 
 
 Tritiiwn'.— Sessions, Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limi/(i (tea.— None. 
 
 r«»i»/imfiil.— Eight hundred dollars fine and one year's imprisonment. 
 
 Fmiiihon CmUli.r-^ : Di-stniDliiij or Faln'ifiiimj Booh) ; 
 or makinjj false t'litries ; CcmIc 3fi!l. 
 
 fomof C;in:?/r.-ThatA.B..at .on , with Intent oi, 
 
 the part of the said A.B. to defraud his creditors (or to defraud t.l)., 
 one of his creditors), did unlawfully destroy (or tUal mlh m wy'ij »;' 
 Iran iiic«lioiif,(, »(.iliii» /mir). a certain booli of account of the said A.i). 
 (or a certain writing, or security, to wit, ,.««■ ir/iiK f.fl., » cciWiii ;.«■ 
 ,,„■!/ «■>!,■ lUmtofon- made h<j ■■„, K.f. u, ,<»,( thmhMh^Ihe mil t h.aml 
 Humm or was privy to the making of a false ("i- fraudulent) entry in o 
 booli of nccouut lieptby the said A.B., itherelm il n,,,irore.( Wiiij o i-erlao, 
 drill llien <l«f liil OM. lo llie .will A. It. had been tlieretofore paid, whereas 
 in truth and in fact the said debt had not been paid, but was then still 
 due and owing to him the said A.B. by the said (..H. 
 
 r»-i/*Hii«^— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limittllinn. — None. 
 
 /'«wi?*ftii(eii(.— Ten years imprisonment. 
 
 Fraudulent Concealment of, Incumbrance, etc., by 
 
 mortgagor or seller of land, or chattel or chose in action : 
 Code'sTO. 
 
 The consent of the Attorncy-Oeneral for the Province is 
 rei|uire(l Ix'fore prosecution : Code 548. 
 
 the^i:;;';^'mo;Sg^5:i^trtiin parce, of ;:.d i^'^y£^i 
 i^ii'er ("•r.':-;^ iL^:i:fzi^ £r:-^Ti:;>p^'^ 
 
 CD, as such purchaser or mortgagee witl, a written demand of an 
 abstract of title of the said laud (or chattel) before the completion of 
 .he said purchase or mortgage by the said C.II., did '"'l?' ""y »"^ "'"' 
 intent to defraud and In order to induce the said I'.D. to accept the 
 "tie offered o him. conceal a deed or incumbrance (or o«.er i»»(r«»i™ , 
 oiLoMOm.terial to the title (.lale ,i-l,al '*'.7«;"V7;''.™» "'" »*"' ' f 
 mauralilt, e.g.), a vendor's lieu on the said chattel in favor of one 
 O II. uudir a wrttten instrument signed by the sad A.B » '"^ ^y the 
 said G H had at the time of the completion of the said purchase or 
 m^tgagc, and stiil has, a lien upon the said chattel, for the price 
 thereof on the sale of the same by him to the said A.B. 
 
 Tridunilf.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 /,i«ii(«(ion.— None. 
 
 i'«»i3*»iml. - Two years imprisonment or a fine, or both, llie 
 .mount of the fin. is not stated, and so is entirely In the discretion of 
 the court or magistrate: ("ode 0.14. 
 
.SVXOPSIS OF OfKENCES. W,TH KOHMS. .,„,, 
 
 form „t c»arn,._That A B .. i. 
 unreg.,tered prior .ale (or ™nt «r ^n.,"""'"" "'« "i'tenoe o( ,n 
 
 PmMntni.-Oat, v«.,'. !„,„ "' PwP'rty to CD. 
 
 F,..,u 1 / , ,7 '"•""<'"""■' «"•! 'wo 'ho,„.„d d.n.r, «„.. 
 
 Fmud„lent M.ni,,,,;!. „fl,„„l: C,„l, 
 
 Pnrni j\f fi. .... 
 
 T.l. 
 
 A B ?h ""l"'" """ f-PTty namely T,u"^rZ\n°'J' "?■"■" '" '"» "i^ 
 
 tefait-.iT? ^'' ""--■" ^-'^«'t:;r;;;'&a'ro?e',,'-„i';:>,';r,ut 
 
 UMilalioH.-Soiw. ^ '""" "" ^O"""'- 
 
 .Froudulent Acts or Concaaima.,.. • 
 
 registration of titks: Code 371 " '" "'''"P'''' '" "'« 
 
 Furious Driving : r,W<- ':/ ,• ■ , , 
 furious or wanton drivin.r n^..', /'""""K '^""I.V liarni by 
 
 ."iBco„duct,wi,ii.in^i;\;^: j;tS,."'' ""f"" "^«'-'. - 
 
 of a vehiole i„ a publio place to ,it f ' " , ''»>■"'(? flurce 
 
 wanton or by furio,,, dri^C „V bv^i. ■,';""", ""• "''" O' /'torr./'b; 
 by w.KuI neglect (,(„,, irha?',," ZZZf-! "!' ^^ T'""' -^'ondM , or 
 veh.ele, did, or caused to be SeTflVy^at 't^ ,'",?""•«"■ "^ "« "»'d 
 
 »"■« years imprisonment 
 
 witl> the definifiou X™ b , ■'■i;"""' '," '" "'••"'■■Jance 
 law and i, undoubtS^i; ' ^ielt ™"!r h'"^ ""^ S™"™' 
 wilfulness is an infrrcdient ""^^ '" "■'"<^'' 
 
 "-;-tf;;:^-^,:;:[rS';Jt'"^^ 
 
 .Ve W arehouse Receipts. '^iiijiio. <<Kle.,,L.~ 
 
370 SVNI.l'SW <>►• OFFENCES, WITH F..BMS, 
 
 Gambims in Public Conveyances : (',>!<■ .'u-l. 
 
 fill 
 
 For " ottomvt " see t'ode ^3 (I) . 
 i^„n»;, »..«(. -One year's imprisonmenl. 
 IVi6.i»aI.-Se««i'>°"- Magi.trate oi. oon.e..!. 
 
 RaiUvav eo.uiuctcH- or n.ast.r of »tca.nbottt '"ikmK <1«- 
 
 MeanZ.°Vnotic.. Tguinrt ga,nbli.,« - >-l>-<ij>-V};^: 
 263 i» liable on suiuinary conviction to a line ot s.u 
 iiiio'o : Cwle 20;f (5). 
 
 Gaming.— See Code "S3. 
 
 ««„.;»,,,/-;.;..(/(* -See W»orderlyCoiiductor\ ...vancy: 
 
 Code 207 (l). . 
 
 Oambuj in HloA'.. , ^v-Ue ined and made a criminal 
 
 otfence by Code 201. 
 
 FrequenHny liuckrt «/,../>•■<■ f'"'-' ■''^'■ 
 Evidence and Bunhn ojVi-mf: Vtih 71).',. 
 
 Form of Charge {Co.le ■''"(«)> •-J'V"„^oma°k'e Bain or pr°o« by the 
 „i,h the intent on the part »' 'l- •»''^,^„^„ " m.ed^Company (or nnin- 
 ,i»e or fall in price m the "™,'' °' "^„^°,° rLme ll./co»„i<..i.») . did 
 corporated nndertakmg) «" "''f, ""J,J',"?„"ie „aSe or signed) a contract 
 
 ri^^^^^nJi-r^hSf p.!;<^^i;^ ^o-- <- --ni-i^ji;: 
 
 A,B . of acr,nirinK (or eelling) me sa.d .hare.. 
 
 Tf the aOTeement or contract had reference to goods 
 wares t S^ize. substitute tlie same for shares of 
 stock, and state what such goods, etc., were. 
 
 Bv s -s (I) similar provisions are made against agreements 
 
 intention tor delivery. 
 
.SVN,.PS,.S OK OFFENTK., WITH FOB.M.S. J);, 
 
 "- br„k«.', -tentio,/ ,/'.!'':, •;;;?'7Ti ■»7'-"'«t«..di..« 
 
 .security for mlviinci's. ^ ^ "' ""' "'""•«■''• etc, as 
 
 to I. a oo,„.o. ^™.„'i,r ~ s::::: •;; t'-*'-^ 
 
 Pool S,l/i„jj: (',„!,. in "I"""' "■* "'-It'"!! or ^Yo„.,■l„„ or 
 
 Common Benin,, Jf„„„„ /w,,,,,,. ,, , ,„,, 
 flie Kfiiir Sfatiite. ■' ' "'^ '"' ■ "mniiM I,,, 
 
 tt:/!«, /,„„„/„ A-,,/,.,", co,i. jns f >, 
 
 I'l^yh^n „r Looking on „n Offen.e: <',./,■ mO 
 also ,M to Power of MollnlZj." ■' -'**'■ "" 
 
 See also I^otteries. 
 ^^ Human Rematas.-Offences respecting : sec De„„ H„.„a„ 
 
372 
 
 syNDIMS llK OKFKSCES, WITH KllBVM. 
 
 rtlcd : Coilo 235 ; seo 
 
 Ioe.-Leaving I10I08 in tli.' ice iiiiKnai 
 Negligence, Criminal. 
 
 Incest : Calf 170. 
 
 X«Ss.^d"%«irAs'n .1°:- 0.' ...ir ...- CO...... "^. "o 
 
 did thereby commit the enme of Inee". 
 
 rpiln.»al.-8e..lon.. M.gistrate on conwnt. 
 
 limiWIiOTi. -None. .hiODed. U the temiile 
 
 . ./'r:fr;":..^'-°^r;^e=t; ,r o -dS:. jor.h. othe. th. co.« 
 
 may dlK/rge her without punl.hm.nf. Code 176. 
 
 Indecent Acts: C'«/c 177. 
 
 f„n»o/a«r„..-Th.tA.B..at on '„°"orc"n\nl 
 
 .n IndeeeM aet (rf^Hi,, i.) in the P'«-°-« »' ;/„',',* °..r ma, U), 
 
 »' or 
 
 L-nia«fullyd,d an indecent -' (f«;7',',''U^%rre°nding'i,".ic°h 
 
 (name (lie p'«tr. (."i'"' "'J' Ijr n ' 
 
 act to in.ult or to offend th. .aid C.u. ^ 
 
 ,l,^i:1^^7i^inS;St'e^S:^H^ ^o' i,!^-,Shlli pl^e, In 
 the presence of one or more persons. 
 
 TriimMil.— Two justices summarily. 
 
 iimilolJon.-Six months: Code 841. 
 
 p„„Mment.-*50M or six month., or both. 
 
 IiuUcency, Gronx, Betwem ilnles: C<xU 17S. 
 . rri6»»ol.-SesBiona. MaRistrate on consent, 
 /vimi'otion.— None, 
 funis*™*"!.— Five years and whipping. 
 
 Indecent or Hcm-Alom Bo,M Letters, ete.. PoMi«g : Cmle 
 ISO (New section in the Act of 1900.) 
 
 on «ii'i unlawfully 
 
 ss£EifSKl»^^^5^^^^,aV:n^L^ 
 
 or immoral or scurrilous character. 
 
 or 
 A letter or .n envelop, addressed to -^.D upon the out ;de^„f^,^^ 
 letter or envelope (or a post card, or a post band or wrai p 
 

 WNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 1,73 
 
 Mu'rrlfou'cra^T^."' "' ''"'°" '"■ "■•'"" "' "" in<i«««nl or lmmor.1 or 
 
 or 
 
 oTculated, an ob.ee„e book ^lled (,W,L''/*, ,^' 'f'''' '"■ ''""•'" '<> ^ 
 «'■ typewritten, or written matter ,r „T- . *'■ °'' ""'"i" Printed, 
 
 ".' « newspaper oilled l» 1 „' ,?!!' f *V '''"''""'• '"• ' »'"■ »' 
 
 <!me, or drag, or .>rtir e (A»rr,i,„„ J) ?,'°','°>; "'' •""P""'. " "I'di- 
 means of preventing coneentTon T iV "'".""<"', ('"■ represented) as a 
 (»r« <i/»o m! ,., ,)) , " ■^"""•Pt'on, o; of causing abortion, or miscarriage 
 
 rr,S,,„„,. -Sessions. .Magistrate on con.ent. 
 t'Htiitalioii. ~^one. 
 i'uui'ihmeni. —Two years. 
 
 /iy«ne», o«„..-.See Wilful Damage. 
 /»>-■,./ iy /-,„.;,„« /),-;W»i,._,See "Furious Drivin- 
 Intimidation .- r',»/^ .; v : v; «,„ ti, . 
 Trade ; Ofnu;. rehuLj t'o ■''■~^'"' ^'>'"<""«' ""'J ""^^ a''*" 
 
 r»timida>!„gal,.,;,^„,,,,,.^ e«?« ,7._.See Con^piraey 
 Killing: Unborn Chlld.-See Atoition 
 Then"""*' *"""""' "•'"' '"'"" '^ »'™'^ '<"''■ -'W.-See 
 ':» (H) (/,).__ See Wilful 
 
 rv/,. 
 
 Killing- Cattle, etc. 
 
 Injurief?. 
 
 C.J:% ^™"<'"'™'lv *'»tf„yinj; ,lc«ume„t, of title: 
 
 Theft of things fixed to.— .See Theft 
 Undmarks : (Wl.. .w.7..;w;. _.s„, Wilful ,„|„,y. 
 
874 
 
 HYNUHNrH OK OKKENCEH, WITH KOHMH. 
 
 Ureany. Mi^Kefl In theft ; Citth .lii.rSee Tlii'ft. 
 
 utters, letter bag», etc, StealiiiK— See Tlicft. 
 
 hrltern or htirr Ikii/h, upeniii); uillawl'ully, or keeping: 
 R.S.C. c. 35, H. 8!) (unrepi'aleil : »pp. to Cr. Code): Coile 9H» 
 (3). 
 
 Form of Charifr. —That A.B. nt on did unlawfully 
 
 open, (»r dia unlawfully and wilfully k«ep or tiecri'te w delay or detain 
 {or came to be, -tc), a post letter, that in to i«y, a letter transmitted bv 
 the poat, or a lev >r deposited In the iiost ofllee at . or a letter 
 
 depoilted in a letlt- box put up at under the authority of the 
 
 Pofltni aster -General f Canada, and addreseed to r.D. 
 
 7Vift«N(i/.~He«BionB. MaKittrate on consent. 
 
 LimilatioH. — None. 
 
 Punishment.— Vive year* (Code 051). 
 
 Lettrr,F(d»el}f Pretendiuy toneud Moufi/i 
 See False Pretences. 
 
 Letter, 
 Extortion. 
 
 Threat e)iht(/: Code ^Od 
 
 : Cixh dOL — 
 4of;, .J.¥/\— See 
 Cmlf (J>S. — See 
 
 Levying: War Against His Mi^esty: 
 Treasonable Offences. 
 
 Libel. — See Blasphemous Libel; Defamatory Libel. 
 
 Liquor License Act, Breaches of: R.S.O. c. 245. 
 
 Lord's Day Act Breach of- R.S.U. c. 246. 
 
 Form of Charge. ~{ti. I, Carrying on fiiisiness) That A.B.,at , 
 
 on , being then a merchant (or ant/ of the nceufxiiioHs mentiomti, 
 
 stating It) did unlawfully sell, or publicly shew forth for sale, or publicly 
 expose for saie, or offer for sale, w to purchase certain goods, or 
 chatteln, or personal property, or real estate, to wit, (describe it) ; or do, 
 or exercise worldly labour, or business or work of his ordinary calling rb 
 a merchnnt (w other caUing, staling it), that is to say, (ntale what the 
 bumnesn or work doueeomisted fn),the same not being a work of necessity, 
 or of charity, nor connected with conveying travellerB, or His Majesty's 
 mail by land or by water, nor selling drugs or medlemes. 
 
 Pithlie Political Afrettngs on Sunday are prohibited by 
 ». 2. 
 
 Rrrdliiuj, intoxication in public, brawling or profane 
 language to the disturbance or annoyance : s. 1 
 
 Plai/ing skittles, footlmll, rac'ketn, or any other utnay 
 game, or gambling with dice or otherwise, racing: s. 2. 
 
 Htintittg.sliootiiifj: a 4; fishing: s. .5; oathing in public 
 and exposed places: s. 6; excursions by rail or steanilwat 
 
■SWOPKIH OK OKKEN.KH, «,TH ..,„„«. ,j, 
 
 Lotteries: rv*/,. /(/.; 
 
 Form '{f V/tf I rge.— That A li ■.* 
 
 (4) .Si.lliiif; lottorv tick,.ts 
 
 article, "ot':.rdC-v^o'iP;.a',';;r„tT''"" r- '"•«'^' °f 
 
 mv.' previously lH,e„ oHtrod for -J,? '"■'""'"'' ""■ '"■"«'-'. 
 CcKle 205 in the Act of <»00) ,,.? h'"™ """•"'''"' »-<• « "f 
 
 tunatlo, Danjrerous:R..s.o.c..,,7,s.si2.o5 
 
:)76 
 
 HYNontl!) "f OKITENCIM, WITH KOKMH. 
 
 Tho nrocewlinip. will be ti.e «an.e tlirouRhout m on an 
 onlinary HUiuinary trial before a ju.tice nn.ler the C nin.n.l 
 Ccle: L aW. .i. to procedure, -h. 13-21. The .lej«|..t.on« 
 and paper- are to be forthwith «-nt to the gaoler : Co.le 22, 
 
 Lylnr In W»lt Hwip Public Heatliif: ''.»''■ //:.— s<-e 
 
 AhiwuU. 
 
 Hall. Stopping the: '"<'' i'"- 
 
 For thin and other otfenceH in reHpeet of the mail, or mail- 
 able matter, nee Kobbery. 
 
 Mtlmlnif.— Hei' Wounding. 
 
 NansUurhter : ''.»/«• .'■W. 
 
 Ib culmble homicide not amountini; to murder : C'xle 230. 
 For definitiont. and provisionn of the law a« to what .» homi- 
 cide and when cnli>able, «ee Code 21«-22ti and 229. 
 
 f„r».,/aar„,..-Th»tA.B.,«l , «n , did unl.-fullj- 
 
 kill and slay C.l>. 
 
 TVitunnl.— SeKiionr M«giltr»te on eoOMIit. 
 
 /,i«t(nfi"W.— None. 
 
 /»wKi>i*iNe»(.— Imprisonment for life. 
 
 Culpable negligeucc under Code 255 whereby death is 
 caused is declared by that section to \k manslaughter. 
 
 Marrlajre, ^/•o<-iir;ii-;a Feigned or Pretended : Code ..'7T. 
 ^ .„ ,pi. * A R at on . did unliiwfnlly 
 
 p Jr.le n"Jo7?^nn*d.°dm":,H.™ b,i,°."en Mm..l .nd . woo..n 
 JS C.ll.. ..I- did unlawfully and knowmgly »'*, »"'" .'■''"/iL J 
 pra"urlng a feigned or pretended marriage between the .aid E.F. and a 
 woiQAii named C.l>. 
 Lm\tntU>H.~^one. 
 
 punishmeHt.—iievtiu yean. 
 
 The evidence of one witneas is insufficient unlesH cor- 
 roborated : Code 684. 
 
 MaMag^, S^>lemni: g Without Authority: Code .'79. 
 
 rm 4 t n ot on 1 did without 
 
 ,awS::ls;:;f u^i^^iimni.e^ ^<^^^rt rs:: 
 
 ^.L-aTra-Lftle '.awTn'. «« no. then lawfully antWrized to 
 solemnize such marriage as aforesaid. 
 
 C«r:,7-Tanr;:o amount stated and so in the di.ere.lon of th. 
 oourt) or two year, imprisonment, or both. 
 
»VN»,«,„ ov ..rrE.v,.E«, w,th roi.M«. 
 
 877 
 
 t-o-J"lr*r:',:ji,"-,»° -3! ^i-f:;;.-- ■» ■■ .-^ ui»«.,„„ „, .... 
 
 Marine Storej.-s,.e Pul.lic .stoiv». 
 Masked or Black Faoes.^,s..e B,„.«ia,,, 
 
 Apprentice, ,„„| l,i„„„, RfSO c h i . " ' /^'^' ■•^■»P«fti..K 
 or approMtie,.. -"■»""' imj.iii,.s hy ,„„,,t,.,. t„ scMvant 
 
 Menaces. -See •ri,r,.utN. 
 
 /■m,„/ /,, p„„ ,. , ■' "'"'-■''- NeKl.«,.nco. 
 
 J/y-^/.'._See Thef;;- "■• "' «"l'' "■■ -H-- mines, etc.: r,W. 
 
 Mining:./',,,,,,,,,,,,,,^ . , 
 
 ??!^"■""'■■ - "■■ "" ..'^'c^::t^«:;l;;rii;:::^Ti^ 
 
 Minors. .S,,/,/^^;,,^, ,.„4,„,.,^ ,,^ ,^^ 
 
 .uarr;;i^,:]:r.:!:^j:^,r'''-f-'.'»p-tor 
 
1 I 
 
 37 M 
 
 syxomiN "►' "►(•icNciai, with m)Kiih. 
 
 An tu rviilcnco nt Hffv mw •, 3. 
 
 Tritmmil.-'A .liiHtle* nummirlly. 
 
 Ltmtllltim.—m» mniitlitt. 
 
 I'nHtthmtHl.-ViM not Im tban $10 or nior* tbftn «A0, or 30 dfty*. or 
 
 Wtli. 
 
 RSI). 
 
 Ailniilliml Miiim- Cidrr /« U> HilliuM Kmim : 
 
 1-, iii. 
 
 AW>«../'C»of,;..-Th«l A.B,.»t .on , lj.liiii Ihjr. »iiJ 
 
 thsn llio lin-lwr ot • llc«iiin'il lil' ,«rd, "f pool. <ir l«K.tellf rtwiii, for hir. 
 or Knin, .till iiiilnwtiilly mlmi' ' .!>., • minor, who w.» llifn uml.r the 
 
 nm of >lilei>ii Tum. to llir ...Id blllUrd roo ..r did iiiil««fulljr illow 
 
 (■ t> ttte . o« II*"!-') to rsmiiin In the mid l.lllkrd moml. »llliont tlio 
 ronient of the pnrcnt. or (CU«rdl«n ot lh« .illd (■.!>.. Iif. th. »lil I'.IJ., 
 tliKii not holnii > m«'ml>f r of tlii- funilly. <ir the u.rvanl of llix Kiild A.B.. 
 {iir lit. Iho "iild <T. I)., not then Itoinn to the mIJ lillllurd rimm for Iho 
 piiriioiii' of lollfrlnir. or to play Mlllardu th^ti-lnl, and the «ald .\.B.. not 
 then having r«a«onuhl» fnnao lo liellovr that nuch fonacnt had hojn 
 (flven by tlia parwnl or gnardlan of the aald f.l)., or that tha laid C.U. 
 waa not nnder th« aga of alxtoon yaara. 
 
 TnkHMl.—A Juatica aumniarlly. 
 
 lAimtiilioH. — Hlx montbt. 
 
 r«»i»»»)i-Nl.— Not earredlnil «10 for liie Ural offfni't. anil not ncafd- 
 loK »-0 for any BiiliBOiinent offenco. ()n« half of flnaKO*-* to the Informer. 
 
 ,S'i//);)/i/i»i/ /.ii/iiKi'i to |MMn<)iw miiliT 21, or allowing tlifiii 
 to loitBr ill bar-rooiiiH. etc.; U.S.O. c. 24.'), ». 7H. 
 
 A'i»i)/»; we A])i)roiiticcii. MftHtiT ami SiTvuiit ; alw) chap- 
 ter 01. .Jiivcililf OHl'liJfm. Neglectwl lliililien. 
 
 See Colli' .^.5 iiH t<i authority of pariMitM. Hchooliiiastois and 
 maNterH to iliscipline chililren. pupils or appniiticuM. 
 
 MortKagrors. frauilulcntly K"''»K "lortKagf : (V«/p . ;/..'. 
 
 Mmitiitijim, iiijurii'N to buililiiigs. etc.. by: (Vx/c .;".(. — 
 .Si'i' Wilful IiijurioH. 
 
 Mounted Police, enticing to dfwrt. etc.: ''i«/i' 7'i. 
 
 Murder: ''«/'■ .'■'/.— See detinitions in t'oile 227, 22X, 
 22!». 
 
 day 
 
 F'irw »t C/iiiri/c.— That A.B. murdered B. at the of 
 
 tho County of , and Province of . on the 
 
 of ', A.I). 10 . 
 
 Hee Form F.F. to the t'riminiil Code: Code 611. 
 
 TriftMiiii/. — Hiiperior Court. .IiiBtiee or MaBlatrate to hold preliminary 
 enquiry only. See Code 568, 642, aa to duty of Coroner. 
 
 /-ifflifaiion. — None. 
 Pii»i.«fcmenr— Death. 
 
•i"-i„i,n„M„„/^,.. ,. , .,, 
 
 «•'" «invi, ,„„„i,„„. .hi. Clin',;;" l' '''■:■"•"■"•'"• "■•"'''» 
 
 («,^"i:;;,'',.;;;;r„r7';»' '*•,"••"» 
 
 
 H<Hiiiiioii„f ■■writing':. 
 
 I ■.■■'■•'fir. rrmi ,\.li ,> 
 
 ' •"■ -rm„«. •*■"•• ' ' ■"•" kno-i,,^ ,!,„ ■•o,„:„;.;V,i,'.' .il'J 
 
 wild, ,,r,l,llv,.r '•• "' 
 
 •rill 
 
 iilll*, 
 
 iMtMniwrltii'iK' 
 
 ''"""*»"-«'.-Ti.ii yn 
 
 ''"•"/'"■"■I/ I" .}f II, ■,/,■,■: (■„/ 
 
 film, „/rli,ir„r, x,,,, . „ 
 
 III i"ii«»riiiiv ,.„„„;;.,■■..".'■.;" '""»» k.*' f. 
 
 1* iniinlHr,-.!. ,„ |h„,"V ■.;•";,';"""■' '" '" 
 
 (in. 10 m,„;i„ ;:7 '^•"- Ji'i "»i«»(„ii. 
 
 '''HItlNI'l 
 
 — '•'onrtftPli yci 
 
 . illtl iiiiUwriiMv 
 
 ■"''iill.v pon.nir; 
 
 o cniiiw K,K (o 
 
 I iilti'lii|rt lo iiruFiir,. 
 
 /■"■' III Mm.,/,.,.,, n,/,. ',,-7^ <, 
 . >""r >■ tricl ,•,„■ ,|„. „„■' 
 
 ALTO».wii,.», DoHiiitiwi, ,.„■ 
 pn>vi,lni« that m, „c<,.».,„|.; 
 .■ithcral,.n..,i» for a s„Um,itiv 
 
 '■'•'*«».//. — ln.lerl'TOl,.-|....,.|- „ 
 "■""' "' '"■I" ..rtllraiimry em;;,^'!' """" ''"""■ ■'""•'- <"■ Magi,. 
 t.i,utiati,iii.~Soue. 
 
 Neg-llg-ence, r,.,„„„„/, ,.„/. .'/.'..-/.;. 
 
 ''"'"'"!)'''•'■>■'■•""< /Mil, nijiir,, 
 
 ■'"'ng n..Klig,.„t|y, or „„,it,i„„ 
 
 ti. ilo 
 
 «iiy act whicli it is |,j 
 
380 
 
 HYNOI-SIN OF OFKESCES, WITH KOEMS. 
 
 duty to do, causes giievouH bodily injury to any otiier 
 person : Code 252. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., at , on . liid an unlowtul 
 
 act, to wit. {alatr ike uitlair/ul net, e.g., liy unlawfully riding a bicycle at 
 a greater speed than at the rate of miles an hour upon tlie public 
 
 street contrarv to the by-law of the said of , in that 
 
 behalf made and provided, ran the said bieyole violently aKainst t.l)., 
 who was then lawfully passing aloDR the said street), whereby grievouH 
 • bodily injury was caused to the said 0.1>. 
 
 7Vifci4H(i/.— Hessious. Magistrate on conBent. 
 
 Liviiiation. — None. 
 Nciflliffiiifhj (\imti'fj Dinigcr fi> Trarvtli'i-H n,i Rulhntifs: 
 
 Cods ,h:j. 
 
 Form of fftftrf/e.— That A.B., at , on , by an unlawful 
 
 act, that is to say, {de.'irnhiug it), or by a wilful omlsaion or neglect of 
 his duty in that behalf, that is to say, [siftie the uct omitlal). did unlaw- 
 fully endanger, or cause to be endangered, the safety of persons then 
 being conveyed by, or who were then lawfully in or upou ii railway 
 known as the Railway. 
 
 3Vi&MH«/.— Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 
 Limitation. — None, 
 
 Funishment. — Two years. 
 
 Injnt'!f hy Negligent Dt'irhuj a Vehicle: i'<»h ,'■!■!. — See 
 Furious Driving, 
 
 Leaving Holes in the he Unguarded 
 
 Form of r/inrj/c— That A.B., a 
 shortly before the said day cut, . 
 
 opening of sufficient size to endanger human life through the ice, on ii 
 navigable water (or on water open to, or frequented by the public) tiiat 
 is to say: on the harbour basin at the , of , did there- 
 
 after, that is to say, on the day and year above mentioned, leave the said 
 hole, or opening, while it was in a state dangerous to human life, imen- 
 closed by bushes or trees, and unguarded by a guard or lence oi suiheieui 
 heighth and strength to prevent any person from aceidentally riding, 
 driving, walking, skating or falling therein. 
 
 Trtftiinfl/. —Justice or Magistrate summarily. 
 
 Limitation. — Kix months: Code 841. 
 
 i'MwisAHieii;.— Fine or imprisonment. No amount or time is mentioned : 
 but Code 951 provides a fine of *50or six months imprisonment, orbotii. 
 
 Leaving Excavations or Unused Qiia.i-ri'''< or Mines 
 Unguarded : Cmle J-5o (/v).— See Code 255 (r). as to further 
 prosecution if negjleet persisted in after conviction. 
 
 If death is caused the offending jwrty is guilty of nian- 
 flhiughttn*: Cale 255 (2). 
 
 Neglect to (ibtain Asiiistance In Child hirth : Code JJ9.— 
 See Child birth. 
 
 CtMh 
 
 made (or eauwed, etc 
 
 having at or 
 ). a hole or 
 
MV.„NI.S OK OFFENVES, WITH K„RM.S. 3SI 
 
 Xe:,Urt l.y /V,.«„„ H,,ri,„, Cha,;, 
 
 Form i,f Chiirgc Tliat A n nt 
 
 imposed upon the ™id ,. n i,„ i. , : """^ ™«'"li"ee liavine lieen 
 
 »..d plaoe «r;,'Sre';'e,.™ed"„t:V T '»'■• '*•«■'"<' "7,,j".iS,: 
 omit to provide and .upp ,Zl„,"d r n "s.°".? "'"'°"' '«"•"" «»« "e 
 means whereof the death -of the "fid rn^'l'l "" "^r"""" «' '"': Z 
 
 lilceiy to be pernianentiy injured. ""' '""' ^ "■ >"" '"■-n, or is 
 
 of .1 child. "' '" ''"^^ ''^'» "''■ ™«t«lv „,• c„„tr„l 
 
 and .im« b for' thurtte^J'ein^,, U 
 
 beinc a mcmber'of"ihe ' h'o,!'J'l''°i.i" ","',""' '■"'»'■"• "" 
 
 ■e parent (o, ,,. ,L ^l^r.'.:"'." ,."' 'i'"..™!" A.B.. „h„ „.,^ ihi;;; 
 
 as the parent (o 
 
 . and ou several davs 
 
 nnd^ i^r'lW;rd;;,f tHrSe''; °' ""^ -"■^i^l.r:; aforesaid 
 
 he, the said A.B., did tlien anV 1? '"'"'''faries for the said cliil, 
 
 "ouse, and "hile'tl.e ,a r-MM war',; T'T'''''-^' "'"' "'"""" "a" i 
 
 be sa.d A.B., o,„i. ,„ prov'ide necessarTes for'th""^'"""'"''' "' '"■ 
 
 ;^=,;;/i.i!''«.-iehi,d ha. .- ^rjis^;:;;^ -i^;eS"S 
 
 itl.v injured. 
 
 , ,;'" "* ^"w saia chi 
 health of the said child i 
 
 s likely to be pernia 
 
 A^egle.f „f Hii^;Mntd to Pn„-;,l„ V,. 
 < ale J tin'). iioiui,, .\mj^>i,ii.,f„ j,,^ „r;^^ . 
 
 for,«„fr«„r,,._ThatAB at 
 
 •fssniies for 
 
 the health of the said r.li.' 
 ''""'»'""'■»'. -Tlirec years. 
 
 irate ori ootisent. 
 
382 
 
 SYNOPSIS OK OFKKN(-'ES, WITH KOIIMS. 
 
 CniKiii'i Di-iilh liy omission to observe a li'giil iluty is 
 culpable lioiiiiciiio : t'tnU' !'ii. 
 
 yrjilii/euthi mlliiiij Fire to FuiVHfx. Etc. : ''•»/.• J,(iK. See 
 Fire. 
 
 Nuisances: ''«;(■ ID.i. 
 
 Oaths, extvajudicial : ('•ulc 7-7./.— R.S.C. e. 4, App. to 
 Criiiiinal Code. 
 
 Oiitlia III i-oniiiiif criiiic, anil otber unlawful oatlis : <'iiih 
 I .'!)- 1 .'..'. Mee al.so C.S.L.C. c. 40. 
 
 Obstructing or Resisting: (1) » puWic officer Isee Code 
 :t (»f) for iletinition) in the execution of his duty : ''.«/.- /.',.', : 
 or (2) a jjeace ot«cer (defined by Code 3 (») I : C* I/,', (2.1): 
 or any ])erson lawfully executiuf; proci-ss against lands nr 
 irixjds, or uuikinf{ a seizure or distress : ('.»/<■ l.',.'i (2')). 
 
 miniHal. -II) Se»»ion«. .MBgi»tr»t<> on coMeut: (■-•) and (:i) T«o 
 iustioet. or a maRi«tratB, nuinmiiril.v: or may be Irwd »» indii-tnble 
 offences before tbe Sessions, or before a ningistrate ou consent. 
 
 Limilalimi.—{1) None: (2) or «) Six niontlis for summary trial: Code 
 S41; or if oi: indictment, time not limited. 
 
 Pmi.,lmr«l.—{1) Ten years: (2) or (3) on indictment, two years, or 
 on summary conviction. «10(} line or six months imprisonment, fee also 
 asaaulting public or peace officer. 
 
 Obscenity.— See Indecent Acts. 
 
 Ohm-i'iii' Kj-liihifioufi: Hi. 
 
 OliHcriie Miillfi; Piihlulibig: 17!) Ih. 
 
 OliMviiP III- fmmiiriil Bimh, etc., I'lwting : 7.V') /'). 
 
 Offensive Weapons.— See Weapons. 
 
 on Wells. Injurim to: Cod- .{.'«.— See Wilful Injuries. 
 
 Perjury, or Snhornntion, Drfiiied : Code H'l. 
 
 Evidriii'e on Clmrge of: Coite 6,9/. 
 
 Corrolioriition Rfqtiireil: Vixlr 6Wi.— .See R.S.C. c. 1-5+ 
 
 Committhijj Perjury or Siihimilliim : Cnh HH. 
 
 A form of eharoe of perjury is given in the schedule to 
 the Criminal Code : Form F.F. 
 
 Form of Cliarije of Nithornation.—Pi-oeeetl as in Form F.F. to the 
 Criminal Coile, anil ailil tlif followinti: And that on , at before 
 
 tlie said A.B. committed the said perjury, CD. did unlawfully oo""'* '"■ 
 procure the said A.B. to commit the said perjury. {.See Lotle 141, \.4> ). 
 
 /'MntsAw^-nr.— Fourteen years. 
 
SVXOI'SIS (IF DfFEMKS. WITH KDK.Ms. 
 
 •■iH-.i 
 
 FoU S,,ln,u„t .,„ Oath „r Anin„„i;„„. „tl„.nviM. than 
 
 I'niiialimnil — Seven yearn. 
 
 f'ltiislim/i/.— Two years. 
 Fahiimf,,,,! Frul 
 PuNiHhnnnl. — Heve-'. vears, 
 TrilMniil . — In perjury and tl 
 Mauistrate on consent. 
 
 '■„,/,. /.;/. 
 
 ttt'ovi; kini1re-I offenees 
 
 Personation : /', ,, 
 
 ■ Qiiiilif/ji.,,,/ Kx.nidi, 
 
 ".'/ 
 
 it'uiii : i;„l, 
 
 r ■,-,„/;,/„/,. 
 
 f'-'iiipt'tifi 
 
 ' "" . niiiawfullv, 
 
 ailvantnue for liimself {i,r tor 
 
 competitive nr a qualifying 
 
 rmm «r(V«rr,,.-TI,at A.H., at 
 fa ,e y, and with intent thereby to Kain ai 
 
 hin::^^^sr?;.:';ir vr;:^;^;^'^;^:'- ^ ^?x:^^;;^ '■•"■ »' 
 
 Tnhmiat. — histioe, sninmarily. 
 '■'»'"""»»■— Six nionlhr.: Code K4I. 
 I'liiiislimml. One year, or $1110 (inc. 
 
 Pmh(W(wch/.— Pourtpen years, 
 /■''wm of riian/v. — That \ B nt 
 
 SftS^r^:y!V!^j'~;^f-'-~;:5T'~ 
 
 PHmslimenl.~}4 yeara. 
 ^^_J','m»mtu,ff ,,,11/ ;,,,.,„„ win, fntiululent intent: rV„fc 
 /*MniJfA»(fti/.— 14 years. 
 
384 S'XOPSIS (IK OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 A<-knmi;led(jin;i Deed, or consi'iit for judgment, or recog- 
 nizanci! of bail, in'tlie name of anotlier. witliout authority or 
 excuRU : Code oP). 
 
 ruHiHkmtitt.— Seven years, 
 ifniilfilion, in the above caiea.— NoD» 
 Tn/>i4t«if.— SewioiiB. Magiatrate on consent. 
 I'e, -10111111011 ill Electiuim : Dominion Elections, R.S.C. c. 
 S »s m 90,103; Ontario Elections,R.S.O. c. 9,88.167, 1U8; 
 Municipal Elections (Oni ), R.S.O. e. 223, s. 193 (1). 
 Polsonlng.^See Administering Poinon, Drugging. 
 
 Preservation of the Peace Near P»W)<= Wo'J'Sv '^?;!^ 
 
 / ir, //.v.— K.S.C. e. I.")!, App. to Criminal Code, bee 1 ublic 
 Meetings. 
 
 Preservation of the Peace at Public Meetln?s : Code 
 It-:, 114, //•;.— h.S.C. c. 152, App. to Criminal Code, hee 
 I'ublic Meetings. 
 
 Polygamy : Cmle irn as amended by the Act of 1900. 
 
 t'u '"JhTe.'^:' wo'-ln n, ^o^p'ra'Srrd'in.s, polygamy .og..h.r, 
 tllltis to sty! to enter in.,, a .onjugal union with Loth, the »..d t .U. 
 and E.F. at tbe suiuo time ; 
 
 or 
 That A B at .on , did nnlawtully l-ve, -''">;»';" 
 
 (,„ a/ree .'ionsent to live, or cohabit in a conjugal union with C U., 
 i;'ho tlLn wa. marded to another (woman, ,„• man, a. ,Ue ™« ,nay le) . 
 
 See other polygamous offences : Code 278 (fc), (<), (d). 
 See also Bigamy. 
 
 I'ostmg Immoral Booh, or Obscene J/a/Z.-r.-See Inde- 
 cent Books, etc. 
 
 Pool Selling.- See (laming. 
 Prize-Fighting, Defined: Code ».'. 
 
 Clodlenginij: Coile fhJ. 
 
 . ^. fpi * V n ot on , unlawfully did 
 
 X^5HSlSC:r;S;:';SidS« 
 
 bv A.B. ti tight a prize-ligl.t between the said A.B. f'"'°"J '„';•„ the 
 is to sav to fight an encounter or light with fi.ts or hands bfltwejD the 
 !,aid A B. and ".11.. they meeting together for the purpose of such Kght 
 by previous arrangement iiuide between them. 
 
 P„„,s;,mc„r.-Kine o( tlOO lo JIOOO, or six months imprisouw-mt, or 
 both. 
 
SVNOPNIS OF OKFENTES. WITH KOBMS. 
 
 :18S 
 
 Engaging in ,„ J'rimlpi,! : f ■„./<■ !)',. 
 
 Formo/aiargr.-ForthitA.B.i,, on r i 
 
 ••ngage a> o prhieipol hi n prUe-flBht tlmt i« i ... ' ""'■'"f"",-' 
 
 <M in lirrmliiig/orm). "'^' '" encounter id::, 
 
 tw.wJ'mo^ti'^r'"'^''"'""'"' "" ""' '-"" """ "■'« «' ".". than 
 
 Atlemliiig or J'nimotiiig : VikIi- ,'/;. 
 
 fo™ i)/C»ar,/«._Tlmt A.B., at on . • „ 
 
 ^__ ft,«*»™,.-,j„ ,„ „o„ „„,, „, ,„,,^^ „„„,^, imprisonment, or 
 ie'«'i»y G/„a,/,» lo Engag,. in l',-i-.,'-F„,ht : V,„h flff 
 
 PPOStltuteS—Seo Bisorderly Conduct; Diso.de.ly House. 
 U8i,^nmh'f "'■ /•'"r" f ^''""■«"'™"V", obtaining or 
 
 H3kpooketS.-Si.e Theft from the Person. 
 Piracy, and piratical acts : tWe t.i7-14ll 
 
 Theft "Mt!"""' '""'•■•-'"»"'■ ''^' """■™» -»P-ting.-See 
 
 Prison, Bmiking.—See Escape. 
 
 Prisimer. Esmpr o/ — See Kscape. 
 
 Procuring: Woman or Giri.-See Seduction. 
 
 Promise of Marriagre, SeducH,m Under.-^ Seduction 
 
 Public Meeting:: offences against order: C,,!, U.I, IJA 
 n.,.—hea Disturliiiig Meeting: Code '.73. 
 
38C 
 
 SVSOl'SIH OK OKKENCES, WITH RJHMS. 
 
 Public or Peace Officer, obstruclinK or aHsaulting - See 
 Assault ; < )lj»tiuctin(! UHieur. 
 
 Public Officer, breach of duty by : Cuh I.I I -US. 
 
 See false statements and returns by; false accounts, Co.le 
 •f64 breach of trust, Cxle 135 ; «aiinf! or purchasniK ott.ce, 
 t^ m corruption of, Code 132 133; .i„d,c.a corrupt.o,,, 
 Co<le 131 ; corruption in nmincipal atfans ( wie 1-lh. 
 
 Public Stores, offences res,)ectinK : f "<'<' •'*'" <■* "'■';■ 
 
 Public Worship, disturbing. - See Disturbing Public 
 Worship, etc. 
 
 Railways. OUtruHiiiij the ilai„tenii»ceoi- Fire Ihi--): 
 Code 490. 
 
 /■uni»*m«n(.— Two yeare. 
 
 D,-,u Any „f the Arti Menlimied in Cmie ..'M with 
 intent Jinjurc or endanger any person, or any engine, etc., 
 on a railway. 
 
 7>«»(»)ii»e>i(.— Imprisoument for lite. 
 Or A.iV of the Aet« Mentioned in C.fc .{.V.9, which are 
 likely to injire property on railways, without endanger- 
 iiig life. 
 
 iV»i»*i»f"'.— *!»« ▼«»"• 
 
 person ; imprison- 
 Mag'atrate on 
 
 If done with intent to endanger life 
 inent for life ; Code iS!) (:-'). 
 
 ■MWnah-Vui^r Code 489, 490 or 230. Se8..on» 
 conaeDt. 
 
 timi(a(ton.— None. 
 
 Damaging milway Propert,,. or Ji'f'f%,^'"'!^2nina 
 or enteriw, a train with intent to travel v^dhoiU jHU/mf, 
 l,TTdMra.t «. ,#c.r of the company in per tonning 
 his duty; or tre>q>aminff on railway property: Uom.ftt.it. 
 1899, c. 37,8. 4, S.-SS. 2, 3. 
 
 Injm-ino Packages on Railu^ys.-See Wilful Damage. 
 
 Negligently Endangering Permns on Railways: Code 
 L'J/.— See Negligence. 
 
 Criminal Bre>^hes «/ Con(mc< by railways in respect to 
 carriage of mails, passengers or freight: Code o.l W) U)- 
 
 Criminal Bretmhes of Contract by which trains may te 
 delayed or stopped : Coiie 5'iil i}!)- 
 
(.')■ 
 
 SVXMINI.S „,.. I.KKENTES, WITH KnllMS. 
 Race. iH-tli,,;; 0„ u 1,„,,„. ,„,,. „,„ ,„ „„;.„^^,^ 
 
 
 tl,.e»t.s or f,,,r of l»»lik- ^ "'™'' '"'^ '*'"» i'Xto,tf.l by 
 
 offfnc^" """ '"""'"• "■" ''«^' °f '+ -V'"'- oa„ com„,i, tl,i, 
 seed. *■ ' *■" "''hoMt the e,ni»sion of 
 
 ««e,^'z;;;:b]:'^:x'^a^'"o,n «""^^.°f "■■ -"'<='"'"■' 
 
 Code 207. ' '" ""PnNoniiieiit for life: 
 
 Code 2(i8. "'tiinjit^ to com.nit rape: 
 
 form 0/ CTar^s.-Tliul nl .„ 
 
 unlswdilly have r-apnal kiiowledgp ot C I) « »„„,. ' , ' " °"'"' ''''* 
 wife, without her oooMnt: «r Sith lie, Ia,, . ° ': T'''° """ "<" ''!» 
 the,, unlawfully e.xtorted iy threa.V,, f^a" boT/n'''', ""' ""•"• »"<' 
 consent w„ there and the,! ohlained by X .aid AH ™' "'■ ""'"^ 
 hn«bnnd of the said C.U., or bv fnU. n,„, J j , °- P'^onating the 
 to the nature and quality o! the act that N '"""'"'''°' '"P'eMntationa as 
 
 J«fm()(.— That at , on i k 
 
 attempt to have carnal knowledge ot C D , w^m^""',. '' ""'"wfuHy 
 wife, without het oonwnt (if will, liel ,,,„;'„, T, °",' l"""" "'» "o' 1"" 
 
 .iu,sr^^^,:s';:h^,;:;;:ii°Lr«C'y"'"' *'"'""'°' '^'>-'' 
 
 Receiving: Stolen Property.-See Theft. 
 Rescue.— See E.scape. 
 
 Otfe"r'""' "' """''- '•»'"'>-•"-- .-...-See Trade 
 
 /"'■'» "/Ciorse.-That I B at 
 and corruptly take from C 1> ainn „f „„ ' ""l . •'"''' "nlawfnlly 
 
 0^ a certain .„ard (....„.;, "o'^r'ai^d'-'de'r" S^' .Ir'S:;::' p-'o'I 
 
:18S SYNOPSlN Ol' OKFKSCES, WITH KUKMS. 
 
 .^ .L 1 1 * II iiBiniiiir ili« Huid r.lt. to recover certain 
 
 ;"d oirlnceof "Sb („r «, r*. ™». «<.» '»( th. ..id mon.y :r ch»«.l. 
 Tritiinu'.— S««"i<>n»- M»gi"lrute on coOMnt. 
 AiwiWfi'ffl.— None. 
 i'MiiisAmfn*.— Heven yeari. 
 AdrerlUnw a «.i(voW for «toli-n prupiTty, i» not puiiisli- 
 „1,U. an a criiui.ml oHVnc.. ; aiwl the inMialty tor «o doin- in 
 contravention of Co-le 157 can only be recovered l,y an 
 action. 
 
 Riots, and Unlawful Assembles. 
 
 U„l,„i'M .4«m«,y.- D.ji„ilioii: (•«/. ?.'*.-An unlaw- 
 ful amen.l.ly i-< an a»»en.t,ly of three or n.ore pe.-HO.,s who, 
 with intent to carry out any connnon purpoKC, a«.en,l.le in 
 such a manner or «. conduct the,n«..lve» when a»,en,b ed as 
 to cause persons in the neighbourhool ot such ttsse.uhly to 
 fear, on rea..onable grounds, that the persons so assembled 
 will disturb the peace tumultuously, or will by such assen.bly 
 needleSHly a"'' without any reasonalile occasion provoke other 
 persons to disturb the peace tumultuously. 
 
 2 Pel-sons lawfullv assembled may Ijeconie an milawlul 
 assembly if thev conduct theinselvcH with a common purpose 
 hr»ucl7a manner as would have made their ««.-»>W;"K 
 unlawful if they had assembled in that manner for that 
 purpose. 
 
 3 An assembly of three or more persons lor the puqioHe 
 of protecting the "house of any one in their number against 
 perLns threatening to break an,l enter such house in ordei 
 to commit any indictable offence therein is not unlaw tul. 
 
 Riot: DofinitUn,: ('«/»■ W. - A riot is an unlawful 
 assembly which has be.gun to disturb the peace tumultuously. 
 
 Every member ot an unlawful assembly is guilty of an 
 indictable offence and liable to one years imprisonment: 
 
 Code 81. 1 1- ui 
 
 Every rioter is guilty of an indictable offence and hable 
 
 to one years imprisonment : Code 82. 
 
 TOi™.«.l.-In e..es under Code 81 or 82: Senion,. MlgiBtrate on 
 
 consent. 
 
 Limitation.— 'Horn. 
 
NVNomis OK DJ-KEXCEs, 
 
 WITH KOKMS. 
 
 :W) 
 
 Act. „.l bv c«lii„K out tl,.. militia ■ , lleTlu ; 'h ^. 
 
 Hot„u» !.,.„ t„,„„„„r —I '::.;: ",^;;,:::;';,,""'"f»'' 
 
 iir as iiciir to tlinii ,i« 1... „„., r i "'"""K tlii. iiotere, 
 
 to c.o.u,u«„,l 0-", u^t, h, "'"'■'^/■V";:' «''l' " l»"'l voic 
 oiH.„ly ,.,»I w tl I?™,| ' :, ".'''''''"'^•■'' '"^'■""■•- "'"' "f""- tl»'t 
 
 pL,i.tio,, i^';^::! ;::,-; -^--~ ,. ,„a,ie « 
 
 tl...ir lawful bu,i„.,.s^,, J ,,l"'f .;'"•'' "^ '" 
 i.np.i»«.nn,.„t fo. lit" ''"'' ''"'•^' ""'>' ''^' •<™'-»»i '« 
 
 • <ioi) Save the Kixo " 
 
 Hab"t^'LE;-^;:'l!^l-i"<'ieta,.. „„,,.. ...a 
 
 t.on whereby »ueirprocl«„,atr is'l.r,!':.)' tr """''"""'■ 
 
 t:;::;t^r^i,r,;tr'-''^--^^^^ 
 
 Tn7,„„»,._Se„i„„,. Magistrate o„ c™,e„t 
 J.m,taUo„.-Om year : Code Ml (r). 
 
 ^y>Ci-^ 
 
 fVWc .v.^. 
 
 and ^^%i:z^! XjT^"-'?'! "''-'■ "•«'=- 
 
390 
 
 HVNOI-HIS or OKKENCr i, WITH KOKMH. 
 
 hurt in the appreheiwion of mich (KM»oim or i» the eniloavour 
 to ap,..vl....>,l or dinpers.. the.n, by rf««.,. of thf.r ■■..»,«t»..ce, 
 evury,K.r«,nor,lurmKth..,nto U, appr«hcM„W or , ,»p«;Keo. 
 tt»,l every pen<o,. executing «uch orders, »h..ll be .ndeimnKed 
 aL'tti..'.t all proceedingH of every kind n. re»i«et tlureol : 
 Provided, th.it nothing herein contained » mil, m onj «a}, 
 limit or nrtect any duties or ,)ower8 in.lK«ed or Kiyen by t uh 
 Act OS to the suppression of riots before or after the ".aWniK 
 of the said proclamation. 
 
 Siiimre.m,„ of Ri>'l^ '-,'/ iUuji^lr ■hn: ('.«/'■ .J".-Kvery 
 sherift- deputy sheriff, mayor or other bend oHieer or actu.K 
 head oHicli of any county, city, town or d str.ct, and every 
 nagistrate and justice of the peace, isjusUfied ."' .»";"«; "^ 
 ordering to 1»,. used, and every peace othcer .s .,„st.he,l n 
 usinir such force as he, in k«h1 faith, and on reasonable 
 and probable grounds, Ulieves to V« necessary to suppress a 
 riot, and as is not disproportioned to the danger winch he, on 
 reasonable and probable grounds, believes to be apprehende<l 
 from the continuance of the riot. 
 
 Or.le,'' (Me .j/.-Kvery one, whetner subject to nubtary 
 law or not, acting in g,HMl faith in ols-d.ence to "•*■;.» Kj;™ 
 bv any .sheriff, deputy sheriff nmyor or other hea. othce. oi 
 aking hea,l officer of any county, city, town or .llstrict, or by 
 anv magistrate or justice of the iH.ace, for the ,uppres.s,on o 
 a riot, is justified in obeying the orders so given unless such 
 orde,^ are manifestly unlawful, and is protects Iron, mnnim 
 responsibility in using such force as he, on reasonable « d 
 probable grounds, Is-dieves to Ix- necessary tor carrying mto 
 effect .such orders. . 
 
 •>. It shall be a ,|uestion of law whether any particular 
 order is manifestly unlawful or not. 
 
 «.,n;„r«m« of H.ot l„j P.r.onH Without < >■■''"'■■' ■'''''' 
 J '— Kvery one, whether subject to military law or not who 
 i„ g,«d faith and on reasonable and prolMble grounds, x.lleves 
 that serious mischief will arise from a not before there is 
 time to procure the intervention of any o the ailthorn.es 
 aforesaid is justified in using such lorce as he, '» K™' '^' ^ 
 and on reasiinable and probible groun.ls, iK-lieves to be neces- 
 sarv for the suppression of such riot, and as is not dispio- 
 por"tioned to the danger which he, on reasonable grounds, 
 believes to W apprehended from the continuance ot the not. 
 
SVNDINIS OK DKFRXCE!!, WITH FOBMN, 
 
 3»1 
 
 qg,r,r /,, the S„,,i„r„i„n n/ Hi.!.. V„U H~V.Jry „„i 
 
 ^'vorZ ..'"■'■ '".J"""«"' "' "'-yinB any .•".nn.an.l 
 
 not, mV'rn huHi ,„,|,.,- in inar.itVHtlj- .inlawfiil. 
 
 2. It«l,ulM».,i ,|,K.»ti,„i „f law wh,.tl,or any tmrtiralar 
 onJer ih niai,if..»tly unlawful or not. I»iruuiiar 
 
 ar Jul' wiflir.o '""' """"■ "■"''"''"»•' '"'" ""• -i"""'"'"' i" 
 Wl ,^' " "'"','■"'" ""•'■'""■ ''« «■"'*' co.nn,it.inKa 
 
 hleacl, ot tl ,. p..„,.,, or whom 1,,., „„ r,.a»onttl,l<. nn.l |,rol«l,|,. 
 
 nrr^.,:*":.;::;;:''''"'''''-! ■ --^•-'^. 
 
 \V.w „/ /.,,„.,. 0^,.,., ,„ .s.„,,,,,„.. /,,.„,. ,,„,^ _ 
 
 fc.>i.> o„« ,s Kuil.y ot an imlirtalilu oW„„e„ an.l lial, .. to 
 wo y..ur.>, ,n,[,nso„n,..nt who, l,.i„^r „ „,,,,;„; ,l„,u,...,|„.,i„. 
 ...ttyor, or oth..r l„.„,l ottic-r. justico of tl„, ,«•»•.. or ot er 
 n,a««rat. or otl„,r ,,c.ae,. officer, of any co, fty, cit ■, tov^ 
 o.- l.stnct havn,;; notic that ther,. is u Lt within hfs inrL 
 
 .l.ct.on, w.thout n.a.sonab xc-u,. o.nit, to do his d» y „ 
 
 suppri'SKinK such riot. ' 
 
 /4 /.-Every one ,s «,nlty of an iielictahle oHence „n,l li«l,|„ 
 
 o one year,s ,n,,,r,su, nt who, havinj; rea.sonal,le notice 
 
 that he ,„ re,|,„re,l („ „,.,:„( „„v ,,|,,,.iH; ,J,,,„t^. ,,„,.;„. 
 
 I'l'Hishmeut .—Yonrievn yenrfi. 
 
 RiofoHHhf !„ji,r;,nj liuiNin;/^, ffr. : <;„ie SO. 
 I'liHixltmtHt.—iieven years. 
 r*t/,M««/.-SessioiiB. .Magistrate o:. couhchI. 
 
 . ■„ /''T.-Sf'' '''"'"' "' '■'"'''' "" '''■'■'^■""^ ""'!'''• t""^"" actions : 
 
 Hiihhrrij.—ilxe Theft : (',«/, 
 
 '!n-.',(w. 
 
aw 
 
 HVXOPHIl. <>»■ .IffEXriai. WITH fOBMH. 
 
 StdltloM OfftnoM : ''■»'»• i:'>i'l 
 
 Muotion and l>.ni«m«nt of Womtn-lanmlly know- 
 
 H tla. cl.il.l i»«f t.M. t«n.l«r yean, to « ■'"'•"^^ ' ;•, 
 
 „..,,r.. of «.. .«tl.. I.er iiiwworn .Ulen.ei.t ...ay 1« Ukc. . 
 <'«ii Ev Act. 18»;i, B. 25. . , 
 
 A» to Jvi,l,.„co of a«e: -c. C'cie 701 A, i,. the Act of 
 1«(K). 
 
 .ua ih. oot l»ll.« III. «H.- «l Ih. "IJ A.B. 
 
 ye»r» ind whippliiR. . 
 
 preWot'Laste charactc'r. a..,l between the a«.j. ot U ,...-1 
 18 years: t;...le 1«1, an a.i.e...hKl hy the Act of I8.».l. 
 /'nw/- .</• ^.if . Code 701 («), in Act of 1900. 
 
 /,iri» 11/ C).ai-9«.-Tllilt A.B., «t . "» prevloul chut. 
 
 above, the aK. of (ourtoon yenrt- 
 I'linilhmnt. -Two r**"- 
 
 &,/,-c^i»« ami illicit con..ection with an n...narried won..,, 
 under the a^e of 21, under promis; of ...amage : U^<' M- 
 
 The hu,den of proof of previous u..cl.a»t.ty .« on the 
 accused : Co.lf 183 A. in the Act of 1900. 
 
 „ . OD • I." then being 
 
 rorni i>/C*or!/e. -That A.B. ,»l „'„l.wfunT ..due. and ha»« 
 
 abov. ,h. .g. ot t-enty-on. y""' ^'^i" „ "„„?i.K., .h., th. .aid 
 Illicit connection -ith CD , "'^''^rl^rVon^chMK character, »n.l 
 C D then being an unmarried temal. ol pre»iou. >,u~. 
 aider the age of twenty-one years. 
 
 PiiBijdmriil.— Two years. 
 
 ,SV,;, .■tion or illicit connection with a fe.nale of P'«v' ■■"'Jj 
 
 Amen'M C,A. IH.I in the Act o) mm. 
 
 Tl,.. etc A B. did unlawfully seduce i»r iiav^ 
 
 form 0/ ";'"-!''-::J''','v"°;',e„„e of previously ehsste character, 
 
 illicit connection with) L.". "•»"»'" >■ j i,ei„g then in the 
 
 and then under the age °y7'"/-°^t„''X' ^nl, etc.), or she then 
 
 employment of the s.i, AB^ in a factory i ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^,|, 
 
 "Tl 'and rhr:n7Z'r?:cin^:ndVr'"or'.uJiect to hi, control or direc 
 
svxoiNiH UK i>(>i;mi:.s. with tciiiM.H. ;)i(;t 
 
 MlJ a'ii" '""' °' "" """ '•••''''"« '■•' "»«<■• "' "I"')- ''»ni liJrii. lU 
 PuHtnhment . —Two f9%n. 
 .tfl,„ti„n „v illifit ccmiuftioM with wani by ^.'iiiinliHii : 
 
 ' (limifliitii " ili'Hiii'il 
 
 Amr,uM fiHir ISIl ill Art iii niiKi 
 liy CchI.. ISOA in thi' Act of IIKMI. 
 
 ■ ...Ml.,™ u„l.»f„M, «.d..,, „, l„v, Ull.k r.,„i.,...tl,„. «lll, ll„'..|,l .■ 'I 
 I'uiiinhmiHl . Tw«. jr»*rt. 
 
 S-il,i,l,iii ,ii„l illicit c...lll,,.|i„i, will, „ f,,|„„|,. |„„„,,„^„.r 
 (l.yiiny.if th.j iii.ui.n Ml.it.KJiliy til,, iimst.r ,r ,ii,v ,».,h<.ii 
 finployi'il .11, Ikmi-.! 11 v.Ks,l :('.»/,. /.v(. " 
 
 Tlii» .,Hi.n.-.. i» within !!..■ .jiiri».licii„„ „f t|,„ Cana.jia,, 
 courts ,.v,.n if .■„ni.i,itt,..| i„n a Biiti»l. v,.»„..|),m th.' (in^at 
 Uk.i, „■■ anywi...... within II.,- .juri,.li,-ti..n „f th,. A.liniiaiti- 
 
 If thi. „H,-n.l,.|- iM afl,iw,.r,l» f.mn.l i„ (-a„„,|a, S«,. tiw 
 chaptui- iin otfi'iices i»n.iiiiiti',| at wa, iiipni. 
 
 riiHLIiiiieul.-^M Bm. ,„ | year'. I rlKonmiMit. 
 
 The 9ulwe,|uent inariiaj;,' of tl..' paitii's is a "ax] .li-fenco 
 ... ra,™ ..i.,l..r C,..!,. 1K2, m;), IH4, ,.„„,,, i„ tl„. ca«« of 
 Guardian anil Ward: (VkI,. IH4(2). 
 
 Parent or Giiinilinu of a. woina.. or i;irl n,,.-urinL' or 
 pcrnnttmg h„r dofih.n.nt. „r „.i.,.iving the avail» of it • r,»/, 
 
 menl, or .( oyer tl.nt «g«, (lv« ,,.a„ mi,,ri«onm.nl. .n.|.P.ao.. 
 
 As to .'vidence of ajfu : CaW- 701 |„| in the Act of lilOO. 
 
 ■Ouardian • detine.1 hy Co,le 1«0 („) in th,' same stutiite. 
 
 I'nicurinft H'c .IcKlemei.t of a woman or IxMng I'liiltv of 
 any of the oHei.ces set o.it in Coiie IS;-). 
 
 PuniHlmienl. —Two yfnw. 
 
 Aa to Heard, wai-rants for women i..veiKl,.d into a house 
 of ill fame, see Co<li. .574. 
 
 /fmisfliMrr |M.rn.ilti..« the d.-lilen.ent on the pieii.ise.s of 
 a jrirl under ]H: Amnnlid Cml,- /sr in II,,' A,-l „( lUmi. 
 
 A,«.s»mc„,._It ,|,e i> ...idiir 14. te.. .vcnn.; ir over 14 n,.d under 18 
 two yeai-B imppisonnieitt. uii.ifr lo, 
 
 ^ CnnsjHiwy l„ UijUi' ,i Wniiiiui : ChI,- AV.v. — See Con- 
 spiracy. 
 
394 
 
 SYNOPHIS OF orFENCEs/WITH FORMS. 
 
 CmallyKnomng an Idiot: Code 1S9 a« amendeU by 
 the Act of 1900. 
 
 fu«wA»ien(.— Four yeftrt. 
 
 PrmtUufion of an Indian Woimn : C'o<fe JOO. 
 ru«Mme»l.-n^e 110 to »100, or lU month.. 
 
 Corroborative evidence is re,,uired in all cases "nd" t'"*^ 
 181-190 before conviction, but not before a committal for 
 trial on a prelin.inary enquiry before a justice or magis- 
 trate. See^bservations on the subject of corroborative 
 evidence, Hupm. 
 
 Trift«»«l.-In an »a«. «ncl,r Code 181-190. 8b.,Iob.. M.g..tr.te on 
 °°"ti<..i™.-ln c.,e. under Code 181-183, 185-187, on. y«r, in o.b„ 
 cases, none. r. j 057 
 
 For provisions as to the award oE ivluppmg see Code 967 
 in the Amendment Act, 1900. 
 
 Ships.-Sending or taking unseaworthy or overloaded, 
 or insufficiently manned ships to sea: Code iSl. 
 
 Tnbiiml.-tiem'om. Magintrate on consent. 
 Limitation.— ^one. 
 Pttiiinhment.—P\ve years. 
 Consent of Minister of Marine is required before pi-ose- 
 cution : Code .540. 
 
 Shoullnp.Screamineror singing soas to create disturb- 
 ance o" or near a street: Cale J07 (//-See Disorderiy 
 Conduct. 
 
 Signals- lKi//iiJ 
 Code .1,9.-,. 
 
 Tri/-««<l(.-Se»«ion8. Magistrate on consent. 
 /.iHi»(nfi*»«.— None. 
 I'lini'ilinieut. -Heven years. 
 
 J/,J,;„,/ F,tM a r.w( .),■ liMt to Marine Sigmd, Bitot,, 
 ett'.: Cwle'p'tll)- 
 
 Trilitttutl.-lmitce or Magistrate, summarily. 
 Liml»lion.—^\Tt montljs: Code 841. 
 ;',ii,l«/i»ifnl.— »10 fine, or one montli in default. 
 
 Sodomy: Cnlr 17 i. 
 
 Atteiititl lo CommU : C<«le I7't. 
 
 Interfetrnce vAlh Marine Sitjnah : 
 
SV.VOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS, 39S 
 
 rrettig orHwy ntlier hrmg creature^ statiHg ichat). 
 TVilmii,,;.— Ses,ioiu. Magistrate on conseDt. 
 Limitation . - Xone . 
 
 ftnis/mifii/.-Imprisonment tor life; or for attempt, ten yean. 
 Soldiers— Eiitichit; to Desert, etc. : Code 7o. 
 
 Spreading False News — See False News. 
 Coih^^^l^ *'""* "" """'*™P' dangerous to human lite: 
 
 rri()«»„(._Se8.ion.. Magistrate on consent. 
 /-»mi(a/iow.— None. 
 PunishMeitt.—Five years. 
 
 See u.vception in s.-a. 3. 
 
 Street Walkers : Co,le J07 (JJ.-See Disorderly Conduct. 
 Suicide, Attempting: dxle M8. 
 Puuialiiueiit.—Two years. 
 
 Counwlling, Aiding or Alietting: Cofle ,J.J7. 
 /•|iwi«Aw«H?.— Imprisonment for life. 
 IViS»»„(. -Sessions. Magistrate on consent. 
 Limitalim,~'Sou6. 
 
 a.t^;"'.o';SSt-S.^'«- " •°° ,<.ia„n,a„f„i,y 
 
 Sureties to Keep the Peace.-Seo Articles of the Peace. 
 
 c '^f",^'*' ^^'^{fi'l Injuriexto Iluildingn I,,/ ■ 
 tiee Wilful Uainngc. 
 
 Telegrraphs, ()l,«t, ■tiding the Working of: Cotle .',:!]. 
 .Magistrate on consent. 
 
 rwftMHd/.— Se-^sions 
 Limitation.— yione. 
 Pnfii.-<lifneMt.~Tv/o years 
 
 Theft, Defined, and the Lair Staled: Cmle ,i0.t-.ll,l. 
 
 A MiagLstratc or two justices have jiirisdietion to try 
 su.mnnrily, without consent, theft under jlO iu value: Co<le 
 in-i, as amended in 1900. 
 
 See also Code 784 (as amended in 1900), 787, 788. 
 
 A magistrate may, with accused's consent, trv theft of 
 over 810 : Code 789 ; or try the same as an in.licta'hle offence 
 under Code i8.i, 786, as amended in 1900 
 
308 
 
 SYNOPHIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Some cases of theft may be tried by a justice summarily. 
 See those so indicated infra. 
 
 «i. ^ 1 n » on . did unlawfully 
 
 form of C)«.r!,«.-Tb»t A.B., at , «" 
 
 Bteal («lo(« KftaO, the property of CD. 
 
 Theft by Agent'*, Trw<tm. etc. : Cmle .10S-J1I\ -iM 
 
 i'wMM/iBienf.— Fourteen years. 
 
 Form of Charge.— Tba.t A.B., at ' ,°" , .„„„',ii|, or a certain 
 
 fore received from CD a »»"°,° ,"°°'y;J,".'"„7uS^ him, the .aid 
 (,(«(. <rhal, e.g.. 500 hiuheU "/«»"')• °° ^•™' '('J/h, iVeed. of th, 
 A.B., to account for, or pay over the bb a money or i,.e , 
 ..id •«.»«.<) to one E.F. (or to the .aidaD),h ,the ._.^dj^ .____^ 
 afterward, to wit »' %"S;„|"%?Te proceed, if the ..id «■».<.() 
 fraudulently convert the "^"""Ynd fraudulently omit to accoB->t for. 
 ^r ^p!rvrv:rTh;°.'airmSnr(?"?>.'e°'prre'd"'of tl-e .aid ...ea, to the 
 .aid E.F. (or to the .aid CD.). 
 
 Bank Employee : Code .11!) (b). 
 
 PHilishment. —Voartwrt years. 
 
 ,„i Tk.t rtr AB beinK there and then employed as 
 
 form of Charge. --Thit «'"' *:?', '"* , did unlawfully .teal a 
 
 Cashier (or ol»«r oJBMr) »"^ f '^/^ „rt„i„ bind (or a. Ihe ca>e ma^ 
 sum of money, to ,"■'■ <°?r'"'''kr„r a bond (or stale what) belonging 
 fo'Voe cSTwMih" wtth:™ sn'd"Vhe: lepo-itel. or lodged with the sa,d 
 Bank of 
 
 Clerks and Sen-ante: Cade .119 (d). 
 
 fKBirtmenl.— Fourteen years. 
 
 b -- t^{rc^TJtrcii^difunirw^°„ij''ir(^.«^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^g «rorThe°n ^.'d Vhere inL po..e.sion of th. said CD. 
 Civil Servants and Employees: Code 319 (c). 
 
 J>uni«»m«ll.— Fourteen years. 
 
 Manicipal Officers: Code SI 19 (c). 
 funiiilimenl.— Fourteen years. 
 PMic Officers, etc., failing to deliver up moneys, l«oks, etc: 
 
 Code 3:>1. 
 
 Psnis/imen'.— Fourteen years. 
 As to Form of Charge Agaiust Public Employees; see 
 Code 6.12, 623. 
 
 By Tenants or Lodgers : Code 3.'2. 
 PunMmenl.-l' graded according to value. 
 As to Form of Charge ; see Coilc Bjr,. 
 
■iVNOIWIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS :i()7 
 
 [or with) a house, or lodj?- 
 
 omiM thereof, to l,e u,ed by the ,aU A.B 
 ing, namely [:Usmlie it). 
 
 ft«.,*».r„,.^Seve„year., second eonvh-tion, ten year,: ,„,USM. 
 
 Fnimhihnt (\memhw„t h,, the mme : Cah -11 > 
 i'«»M«mf»/._Two years; Vmh.154. 
 
 B,j //»»/„,„,/ ,„„, ),•£,;, „,,„, li^.j^g ^ ^,^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 /n»w;i/»fn(._SeTen years: Cmlt SSli 
 
 togeS::lvS" ""'*" '^ ^"*'"'' "'• "-^^ -'^^ """« 
 
 P»»i»*>»c»(.— Seven years: Cxfe .MC. 
 /'MniaA»«>nf.— Twoyear». 
 
 (■« "^y."' ^'■"'"""■'""'■i' -'""''•««"e«(« ,]uti„ed by Code 3 (.,.).• 
 PuKishmnt.-Ute imprisoiraieut. 
 
 /^ww/iiMCM?.— Three years. 
 
 De^lroyinj, Doc-u mn.fs of Title to Goo,h or Lm„h fraud,, 
 lently ; deHnition Code 3 (,,) ,- Code .lo.l. ' '™"""' 
 
 ft»i»«,»,„(,_Same as for theft: seven years: Co,lc 3S0. 
 
 Judicial Documentit: ('(xle -tj',. 
 
 PuiiMmenl.—Tbrfe years. 
 
 Railmuj or Steamboat T id-el x : Code J.IO. 
 PttninhmfHt.— Two years. 
 
 Eketion Documents: Cmle -Un. 
 PM„Mmenl.-Pm in discretion of conrl, or seven years, or both. 
 
 Lire Cattle, defined by Code 3 (rf); Co,le .131. 
 PnnisJmnK.—Fonrteen years 
 
 FmiuUdeMy Keeping or .efiLsing to give up Htmu Cuttle 
 o,- detactng, ,*., the brands thereon ^ C^e .,Ja. in 'the Act 
 
 /*HWw;ime«(.— Three years 
 
.10 
 
 308 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 ,t,"oro" be'h",;u of"h. -aw C.d!, o,- who w.. .uthori.sd by .he ..id 
 C.I>. to receive the said steer. 
 
 Brands are prima facie, evidence of ownership in sucli 
 cases : Code 707 in the Act of 1900. 
 
 KiUing Any Living Crmtu,-e with intent to steal: Co./' 
 
 P„ni./,»™i.-The .am. a. tor .te.ll.g the «";■>"'. «•;"■. k'"*'*; 
 «•,«•». of Charae -Thrl A.B., ete.. did unlawfully kill one (»(o(e ithal) 
 the ^jrpertyoJ'c.D, with intent to .teal the hide or the c.reaee, or a 
 part of the carcase thereof. 
 
 Stealing Things fixed to land or buildings: Code .l-lo. 
 PBMt»Am««^— Seven years. 
 Treex in I'leasure Gmandx. eh:, and of over *5.00 in 
 value, or of over S25.00 if elsewhere : Code ,1.16. 
 
 Pmiidlimelil.— T»-j vears. 
 
 rimter Foun.:. Adrift or cast ashore, or defacing marks 
 on same, or ref :. .,g to give up to owner : Code .M. 
 PunishmetU. — Three years. 
 Taking Aimy. either openly or clandestinely, and whether 
 claiming to be the owner or not of goods. 
 
 Undue Seizure by a public or peace officer as such : Code 
 .!Ofl in Act of 1900. 
 
 Pnniiliment.— Seven years. 
 
 This does not include things under seizure for distress for 
 rent, or by person having a lien, etc. 
 
 „ r r.u„ ■„. Th»t A B etc did take or carry away (or cause. 
 
 goo^ Kere seized). 
 
 OreH and Metah: Code .S4'l. 
 
 i"iiiii«»?«m(.— Two years. 
 
 See exception in s.-s. 2. 
 Wreck, defined by Code 3 (dd) : Code .3.50. 
 PunM,«ml. -seven ye^r.. , aid unlawtnlly 
 
 there sunk, or stranded and wrecked. 
 
SYNC IN OK OKFEXOES, WITH KDKMS. 
 
 .•)i»9 
 
 OyKlim or Oi/hI,,- BmfxU : (',«/,■ .;.;.;. 
 i'HnjWimm/.^-SeveD years. 
 
 See CcKle 619 as to essentials in form of cliarg... 
 
 Pmt Letter Bar,, Leile,- or other Mail Halter: i\.le .).',!. 
 fMm^l.-lmprlmnmeM for life, or not leM thsn three yean. 
 Fnrm of Vharoe. — That A R nf «« .... 
 
 J"-fing a letter or Parrel sent by post ; otherwise tl.an 
 from the post-oftice or from a P.O. otficial : (We .1.'/. 
 /'unis/imml.— Tbree to seven years. 
 
 Samples S,mt hi/ Mail; Cmle .;.',?. 
 
 Puniahment.—l^ivf, yearn. 
 
 Stopping the Mail with Inleut : Co,le 41,/. 
 
 PuniBliment.—Ute imprisonment. 
 
 See also Code 624. 
 
 For definition of "Mail," " Mailable Matter," • Post Letter," 
 
 Stealing Anything in a D,relling,il of the value of »2.5- 
 or with menaces : tVWc ./.{.;. 
 
 i^HNwAmettt.— Fourteen years. 
 
 Foi-m of fJnrje.-That A.B., on at i„ . . ■ 
 
 duelling house of CD., tl>e„ a'nd there siflated, did unl'.wfully ,."',", 
 
 In. f'p''T "', '■?-.„'>J' P?'°«"« » PiBtol at, and threateSLgto shoot 
 rdiFVi'n'hod'irfeir.''""'^ '" "" '''" "-'"■■« "o-), OW pnUhe 
 
 fiealing in Dwelling I[oa«e (of anythinj; of less than 
 9^a in value and without menaces) : Code .t-lfj. 
 i'uawAm-w/.— Seven .-^ears. 
 
400 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Stealing hy Means of PickUtck, Falw Key, etc.: Codt t/fG. 
 Puniahment. —Vonrteen yean. 
 Stealinf/ in a Factory, etc.: Cmle '>/f7. 
 PHtiiahment,—F\ve y«ara. 
 
 iitefdituj f mm Ships, Wharves, etr.: Voile 3^^. 
 pHHuhment. — Fourteen yoan. 
 
 Form of Charge.— Thht A.B., etc., did unlawfnMy steal certain gooda 
 or merchandize, to wit, (state what), in a vesBel called the , in 
 
 the harbour or port of , being the port of entry or discharge of 
 
 said vessel; or from a certain dock or wharf adjacent to the port of {etc., 
 as above) . 
 
 Stealing on Railways: Code ,i5L 
 
 punishment. — Fourteen years. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., etc., did unlawfully steal in or from the 
 railway station of the Railway at , or from the engine, or 
 
 tender, or passenger car, or freight car on the said lailway (or an the 
 ease may be), a certain (state Ike article) , the property of CD. 
 
 Th^'ft by Fraudulent Concealment: Code iio^. 
 I'uHiahment. — Two years. 
 
 Robbery : Code J99. 
 PimwAiiwfli.— Fourteen years. 
 
 Definition of: Code .197. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That, etc., A.B., did unlawfully steal from the 
 person (or In the presence of C.D.), certain goods and chattels {state 
 tehat), with violence, or with threats of violence (state what threats or 
 violence), then and there used by the said A.B. to the said CD. to extort 
 the said goods and chattels from the said CD., or to prevent or overcome 
 resistance on the part of the said CD. to the said goods and chattels 
 being 80 stolen by the said A.R, 
 
 Assault with Intent to Rob: Code ^00. 
 
 Punishment.— Three years. 
 
 Robbing and Wounding: Coile 398 {a). 
 
 Punishment. — Imprisonment for life and whipping. 
 
 Form of Charge.— That A.B., etc., did unlawfully steal (as in the 
 foregoing form), and at the time of, or Immediately before, »tr immedi- 
 ately after such robbery by the said A.B., he, the said A.B., did 
 unlawfully wound, or beat, or strike, or use personal violence {Mtating 
 trhat) to the said CD. 
 
 Robbery or Assault with Intent: by a person accompanied 
 by one or more others : Code 398 {b). 
 
 /'MKi«kmen(.— Imprisoument for life and whipping. 
 
svNowis or oFFENcia, with forms. 
 
 401 
 
 5S-.....»...,,S^^aS,Hy.~;r; ,.„..,„ 
 
 '^'"■»*'»""— Fourteen year.. '^ 
 
 Valuable .Security defined : C'«fc ,/ („) 
 
 Pi<ni»*»,ra(._8j,p^ j,^^^^ ""•use. oorte 4610. 
 
 Demnndivg wilhMcmces: C,,/, WA 
 PunMmenl.-Tvo years. 
 
 mentioned in (LeloT ' '"" "^ ""2' "/ "« (''■">'"< 
 
 '"""'■•'"""'■-Foimeen year.. 
 See Extortion. 
 
 By Any (Mher Thrmt, 
 
 runuhmenl.— Seven years. 
 
 Receiving or Retaini,,,, 
 i ode. ,SH, ■' 
 
 ''""'«*'»™'— Fourteeu years. 
 
 See definition, etc.: CmIc .: ,k)- 
 Accessories siiprti. 
 
 Reeeioin^Oo^USMen Inj H.,,„n,l or Wifi ■ ,,,* V 
 A,„rt»„„._seve>, yeur.: C„le .,S,J. ' ' ''" 
 
 nereiring Stolen letter Bo,. l'.M Letter, etc ■ Vode T 
 '«"'»»'»<•»'— Fire years. 'Me., I.,. 
 
 See otlier cases ii//V«. 
 
 ' (-'ale jno; 
 
 ''•"le e:.'7, Tio-rn 
 
 see 
 
4M 
 
 STNOTOIH Of OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 ,..., bT u «CMM* l ll lrt l tl l OS 
 (MlMaN> iif^Mt, dwriNnf U), llu 
 
 uiu n.D. .■••■■ »""-■-. — ' •" '""• •"•" »''••'''"' '"'' "" 
 
 Mid E.F. br th» uM indietabl* otttiM. 
 
 bMn th«r*totoN obtftined by on* E.F 
 IndiotraeDt, to wit, by tb*fk (of otktr 
 uld A.B. thou knowbt tho uid 
 
 Bringing IHolen Omxh into Canada or Hamug Same 
 Tlm-nn: Code .V,,'}. 
 
 i^ii(»»«wii(.— Boven jreart. 
 Embezzlement in Thfft under the ' ^rcunwUnces stated in ; 
 Code 310. 
 
 i^nMmnl. —SoTon youra; Code 350. 
 
 See also Code .SOS-SIO, 310-320. 
 
 FaUe Pretences, definition, tWe .ISS ; obtaining anything 
 by is theft, Coiie ilS9. 
 i>ii«(»»in««l.— Throe yo«r». 
 Theft of Tldngn not otherwise provided : Code SSe. 
 P«i»»»«i«ii(.-8eien yeate; eeoond oBonoeo, ten yem: Code 356(2). 
 If the article stolen is worth over $200, two years imprison- 
 ment is added in each case : Code 357. 
 
 AttemptK to Commit Thefts.— See Code 61 and Attempts, 
 »apra. 
 
 Thefts by Juveniles.— See supra chapter on Juvenile 
 OHenders. 
 
 Tril-nal In any of the foregoing oa«>a of Theft. Sewlona. Magletrate 
 on ooneent. Jurtioe to hold a preliminary enqniry. 
 limitation of time to proeecute— none. 
 The following cases of theft may ^ J tried by amagistrate 
 or two justices summarily, without consent : Theft False 
 Pretences, or Receiving of Things Not Exceeding »10 in 
 Value : Code 783 (a) (6). 
 
 See Code 784, 787, 788, as to punishment, etc. 
 LimiMritm.— Six months: Code 841. 
 The foUowinc cases of theft may be tried summarily by a 
 justice without consent-. Theft ol Trees, etc., of the value of 
 25 cents or upwards : Code -137. 
 
 p«»i»»i»«i(.-»25 line over and above the injury done; aeeond offence, 
 three months. 
 
 Theft of Fences, Gates, etc. : Code 339. 
 
 p,ni,hmenl.-riS fine over and above the value of the thing etolen; 
 second offence, three months. 
 
 In 
 
HVNOPNIN OF OFFENCES. 
 
 t'nmn having tree. 
 
 WITH rotmn. 
 
 403 
 
 to 
 
 •^/''^'"^ "'''"•'"'"- ---^-- etc., i„,„,j;t;; 
 
 '^'Z^' ai t::tl 'iX^ '■'-'•--' Ani.nn,., Bi.,„, ,,,,. 
 
 funixhan'Hi —jf^H Mn 
 
 ""- "°""'--»Jo;.r,r."r„,','-.' "'"' " "■• .n.«.i, etc., 
 
 of tteV:^^;:'^ ^'- ''^--.. (the act not b«i„, „„« 
 
 Corf. /57. "'^"*' ^<l™--t,a,„g „,. receiving rewanl for: 
 Ame„d.„enta,bytl,eSutl'e^„/fX"":b.'^°''' 518; Z 
 in« A^S'" ™ «-'-"' ./■ ^W.: c2c:L A,„e„d. 
 
 ^""*'»«"'— Fine, »aoo to «4 imn . ■• 
 
HYSoreiit or orFEHCis with FOBim 
 
 404 
 
 orlWe) ! or to unduly P"""'; ""^"- „ barter, or mIo. or tr«M- 
 "roduollon, or "•""'"l"";,,::,''","^^ .nd comm...., to wit, (»o-. 
 teSo/ri^rofir'thVX of l..«r..c. "PO" P-°" °' 
 
 "°Ca.soMVict„e.41,«.15-23,inApp.toC..,n.i„a. 
 Code. ,,,,;» 
 
 Trade Marki, f-rv/cri/ o/.' C«/e U-W- 
 
 MUn, Good. F„My Marked: CUe m W i" Au.e..d- 
 iiieiit Act, 1900. 
 
 Wt«»«(.-8»"">°'- M.gi.t..l.ol.oon«nt. 
 
 Cod. 4,50 (.) d«>- not apply. -^^^'y^TTto: fcC 
 cutions for offences under m. 4.51, 452 . It. v. tui 
 
 Cr. Cas. 252. 
 
 -r::;:;:r::c.ur.,oo..ouut.,o.™.o.d, 
 
 °'';:":r:^r:-aUon to wHieHtHe *.«..»..;; 
 Ihe goam uj ijIj^ 51 \ ,et„ t. 
 
 :;f :* iTI^'T-fpeaifd-: A^; to cUina. Code), a» to di»- 
 
 posal of same, etc. 
 
 .,«.., ,1 "unci <>/• fioi'ei'iime"' 
 Fal>el<l CUiming to Have, a ...>yal 
 
 Wiirmnl : Code V>1. 
 
 ,V,t«»o(.-Ju.tiee or M.gl.tr.t., •»■»»..*?. 
 
 Ir,„.,rti.o Goo>U Be,u-l.<j Folse Tn,de Murk „. to 1 lau 
 ofMainifadure: Calf 4^'-' ■ 
 
 rri(m»«i.-Ju«M«e or MagUtrate. 
 Li»iMlion.-8ix moDtha. 
 P„„i.»»c»l.-Fineof»100to»400. 
 
 Defnieen: Cixle ^,'1 ■!-¥>"■ 
 
 Infraction o/C..,o,nsUno.: 60-01 Viet., c. 10, s. U. 
 
 I * . B q C c 34 ». S. amended Ijy Act 
 Inland fi™-«H. ^\\Jf^:,^- , 3. K.S.C. c. 34. s. 102, 
 
^y Act of IN!I7. (. li) . ,1. u«,, .,, 
 
 '■y <!"• M. -.«t,i,., ,;f lW7^;!:V.2o'^' ""■ • ■■"*■*■ "'"""•'"'' 
 
 «()-«'.' Victr*;'"'' "" ""•"•''"" "■>' «""'■'■ '■>"! '■/„.«.. 
 
 m^:':'!;r""" -'"^ ''■«-^- '■ "»^. •■—W by the Act of 
 
 WaiTei. -St.,. Bi'ttiiiK. 
 for S°rr.!?." "'-» ''■■-■« - -".« f.I-e receipu 
 
 '"""*"•"'-««.. y.,„. 
 
 i™„„„„„._ "„'„°;"- «»«'«'«'e on <.„„..„,. 
 
 ,.^W..po„.. Offensive. .I..„,,t,„,, ,v, ,; ,.,, „„,p,„,., 
 fo/r';^:;:?^:^;;;';;;^,;" I»-^^^ """My weapon 
 
 ^inngglf.rn or ot)ipr« 1 
 '■"""♦"•"'.-Ten year.. 
 
 ii».i,a,fo„ -On. ye»r; Code 551, 
 i^ilskmeHl. — Fine Ainn „_ ♦. 
 
 (unrepealed: App. to Si^aS, """'■* ^ "•'^■^' "• ^'' 
 
 «rreS InS" rl^d tt^t^rs' °" '''"'" l'" """•"'- -^ be 
 consent. °"' ""- •^'""'°"'' "■■ by ^ '"aKistrate „„ 
 
 ''"""*"«"■- Piw years: Code 9,11 
 '•"""»"»»—<>"« year: Code 551, 
 
406 NVNOIWIN (»' OKrCNt'EN. WITH niKMH. 
 
 Anil by CchIk 11!) (2) tlif jiiKtici' who iiiukt'ii tlip ili'iiiuml 
 for cli'livcry of the wi'a|i<iii may, tht'ii «ii<l Ihcri', r«;onl thi- 
 i-ofiiwil, and ailjuilgi' that thi' otfi-nilur |iay a Hnu not I'xwfil- 
 injj S«K, anil may iirtx-ftKl lo I'nfoixT it by warrant of (liiitri'wi 
 or connnitnii'nt a<i proviilwl hy I'imIc N72. If a ili»tiim< 
 warrant in ordurwl ttmt, tlm juMlice may vrrljally or by warrant 
 onler the ofliMiilrr to tw lU'taini'il in mifi' ciwUxly until the 
 return of the clistrewi warrant : ('mle N70. 
 
 In caae the jUHtiee imM'ceflN Hummarily an above, he HhouUl, 
 
 ax far aa practicable, pumue the UMUal fornw of pnx' Vmn 
 
 in Nummary easen, enllin); on the aceuHeil to hIicw cauiw, lienr- 
 injt any eviilence otferiMj on Utth ni'leM on the ipieHtion 
 whether the accuxeil in in poMW»Mion of an offeniive weB|ion, 
 as charge<l. ailjudicatin}; openly, etc. 
 
 Tifu iir Mtiir I'ermiiiii Ciirri/iiiji IKni/xdm ; ('»iU Kht. 
 
 Form o/ r'/ifn-ffc. -Tliilt A. B. and CO., Bt , on , twing 
 
 togsther, diii both ot them then nnd th*r«- oi»Bnly carry offenilTe weBpoiw, 
 to wit [atatt tfArtf), In A public plHC«, to wit intitte where), and in iiuoli a 
 manner and under aufb eircuuiitanpeii an were ualoulated to create terror 
 and alarm (ulate the mimner anti eirmmnlniieeH} . 
 
 I'unMnml.—tK to »<(!, or tbirty dayn f 
 
 lAmilatifm.—tiue moutb : ('<nie .'ir,l. 
 
 ('arrijiiifi a I'inliil or Air (liiii : 
 PHHiithmeitt.~$!< to Wi^, or one month. 
 Tribunal, — <Iuatice Hummarily. 
 Limitation. — One month: Cittle S'tl. 
 
 Form of Charge.-Thnt A.B., ele., did unlawfully hatre upon hli 
 pereon a plntol (or uir flua) eluewbere tlian in bii own dwelling houiie, 
 abop, warebouae or counting houae, to wit i-ilate lehere) : tlie aaid A.B. 
 not then being a justice, or a public oWcer, and not then beluga eoUller, 
 sailor or volunteer in Mia Majei.t.v'B service, and then and there on duty, 
 or a constable or other peace officer and the haid A.B. not then and there 
 having a CertWoate ot Eaemptlon issued by a Justice ot the Peace, and 
 Tint having at the said time and place reasonable cause to fear an aasault 
 or other Injury to his person, family or property. 
 
 A Juntire mii.v Gmnl a ('rrliJU-tiie of pennisHion to 
 carry weapons tor Hot more than twelve months to any one 
 not under Ki years old, and a« to whose discretion and j;"*"! 
 character he is satisfied upon evidence upon oath, and if suffi- 
 cient cause is shewn on oath, r.tj.. that there is reasonable 
 cause to fear an as-sault or other injury to his person, family, 
 or property .' VtKle tO''i (2). 
 
 Form of Ct'rliflcate.—\, the undersigned, one of His Majesty's .lustlces 
 of the Peace In and for the of , do certify that suffi- 
 
 cient cause has been shewn upon oath before me, to my satisfaction, on 
 
 1 default of payment. 
 Cnle III.;. 
 
'"h.lfot A.B., of eh. , 
 
 i.ni'z,!:r' T""" "■• •«« "' •!«.. ■ '" 'i" '''°""" " . 
 
 "'.'""';;«i'i::«xr:';;;';,:;:;^ -r"'r^ ^-'^ •-"''■ - -- 
 
 r,.tur„« „„. ,,.,|„i,,„, , , :j" ,^ " «'"'". MiNti.,.,' ,,„„r,„,|y 
 '" "« H.H- „f „„. , J.,.. .'cUio'V:, ■"'"'■•■ '■"■■ '" »"'»- 
 uffciin,: r,,/,. /'/.;(ii „, , ";'","'"'"""»fty.lav«i«»i, 
 
 '••-''"'-.-H,. „,„„ J/;.!,:;:' ■■''"-'■"«»''•• 
 '-z:Ii:";f^" '^' ■ '^''•-. 
 
 '^'"'"■"■""-"»' month: Code MJ, 
 
 ;■« a ri.cor.1 „f „,.el. Hale w 1 , .",'"?' '"■■"""" *'""'"' kc,-,,. 
 nam. of „.aker, or other ,™rk „! "1" ?/ '""'•'•''"«■•. -"d 
 KientiHod: ('u,h 100(1). ' ''*' ""' «"" "'«y lie 
 
 i.».,a,.™._o„,„o„,h,Co/.M, 
 Form nf CMari/r.-T],., , ,. 
 
 ' 10 J50, or three monthi. 
 
408 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Havlw, I'istol or Air Gun on Hie Prrmnvrilh M<'nt 
 therewith unlawfully to injure any one : Code lOS. 
 
 FanUhmenl.-Vint »50 to $200, or .li months. 
 
 Pointing Firearm (Lauhd or not) at any Person : 
 Code lull. 
 
 P^nMnuml.-Finti, $10 to ♦100, or thirty d»y.. 
 
 Ca,-rying. or Having, or Selling O/er^ine Weapmw: 
 
 Code IIU. 
 
 — ,,.. A n n* on , did unlawfaUy 
 
 ?ki?A R it^ beinit then .nd there masked or di.gni.ed, did unlaw- 
 ,X, .»d wWle .0 m^.^^.^ di-guieed, o.rry.or h.ve In hi. po..e.«.on, 
 a fireftfm or air Ruo. 
 
 Puniahment.-Vine, •lO to »50; impriBonment in default ot payment. 
 thirty day*. 
 
 Carrying Sheath Knife: Code 111. 
 
 «. 1 > t> .» nn . was fouod io 
 
 Form »/ C';"9"tT''»' *f- ?' .^ont hirpereon . .he.th knite, he, 
 Jh^ '.°.:d°rB.°,"/<;.tin. .h"e'.'I'Sfq..„ed by h^. i.w.nl .r.de or ealling. 
 p,.ti»»e.l.-Fino, tlO to W, imprisonment on default of payment, 
 thirty days. , ^. 
 
 IWl»»«I.-In e«i.. under Code 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, two Just.ees, 
 summarily. 
 
 Limilofion.— One month: Code 551. 
 See also R.S.C. c. 50, as to North- West Territories ; R.S.C. 
 c. 149, ». 5; RSC. c. 151, ss. 3-12 (unrepealed: App. to 
 Criminal Code). 
 
 In any ot the abov= cases, on the person being convicted, 
 the justice or justices are to impound the weapon ; and if a 
 pistol, it is to be handed to the clerk of the county or to the 
 provincial authorities; if not a pirtol, jt .s to be destroyed . 
 R.S.C. c. 148, 8. 7 (unrepealed: App. to Cnmmal Code). 
 
 WWUl (as regards injuries under Part 37) is de«ned by 
 Code 481 to mean, causing an event by an act which the 
 person knew would probably cause it. he bcnig reckless 
 whether such event happens or not. 
 
 TRTll 
 
.SVN(,1..1.S OF OKFEXCES, WITH KOHM«. 409 
 
 have be.. <ionJZCt^„:ZLt:^^'^ "'"' P™^'^" '" 
 ^•>^So!^:^?lJ''^""' '"" ^'^-"""^ ««''^/.- 
 
 •'''"•"' »/ CSori/e.— That A B at 
 of nght, destroy „r dam.^*"LS„ n '' "'""'"^ "'!'' t'"'"" -""l"" 
 
 or ship, or boat; or ' '"'' '" ""e Mid dw^lling-hous^, 
 
 aqueduct, or the said Sav nr^?^. " '"'' '"■'''««' <»' viaduoi^ 
 
 under the same a. .foret.rfor LlTZr') !„?"" '° '!''«''"« "'" «r 
 
 •A railway known as th. '^°"' *: ' ''»°K<"<»'>or LnpassaWe; or 
 
 truotlon being done by the said An.. '?""'».''•"■• ««id damage m des- 
 
 Code I, 
 
 -Imprisonment for life. 
 
 distress, or w^eked fT^frlain goods »T',^' 7' 'i,'" '"'» «"•'"'" 
 (Mm.,!, (*n»), which belonged ?i a Sc.lL ''"■"?• "^ ""i"'" 
 
 .nd he«. or h«. ther..„,„J b.en1„"d'K"s1r wrecked r^j-'" "" ""'° 
 
 or 
 Code 499 C. (a)« a ship called (mmi 
 destroy or to render nseless the said shi|; 
 
 or 
 of n'.'wg.lir."' "' "^" '"'"•"'"»' '" "'»" »"d there nsed for purpose. 
 
 "). with intent thereby to 
 
410 
 
 SYNOPSIS OK OFKESCES, WITH TORM8. 
 
 (c) Injury to a bank or dyke or harbor works, ete. 
 
 or 
 (rf) Injury to a navigable river or canal, etc. 
 
 or 
 (e) Injury to the llood gate or glnioe of a private water. 
 
 or 
 (f)" A private llehery or aainion river belonging to CD. and eitnated 
 (dttcribe it), which saii) damage was caused by the said A.B. by putting 
 lime or a noxious material (detcriUtig xhat) into the water of the said 
 private flihery with intent thereby to destroy fish then being in the said 
 Jshery, or which were then to be put into the said fishery. 
 or 
 la)' The flood gate of a certain mill pond i/r reservoir or pool 
 Idescrthmg it), the property of CD., which said damage was caused by 
 the said A.B. by cutting through the said flood gate, or by destroying 
 the said flood gate by {state the means vsedi. 
 or , 
 
 ((,)» Certain goods, to wit (state lehat), the property of CD., which 
 were then and there in process of manufacture in a certain ('»i« «■ 
 factory, etc.,), s.ch damage being then and there done by the said A.B. 
 with intent thereby to render the said goods useless. 
 or 
 ti)* A certain agricultural or manufacturing machine oi- manufacturing 
 implement (stating rial), the property of CD., the said damage being 
 then and there done by the said A.B. with intent thereby to render the 
 said machine or implement useless. 
 or 
 (jl* A hop bind then and there growing in a plantation of hops of 
 CD., situate (tleseribe inhere), or a grapevine then growing in a vineyard 
 of CD., situate, etc. 
 
 Punishment. —iieven years. 
 
 or 
 
 Code D (a)' A tree, or shrub, or underwood, the property of CD., 
 and which was then growing In a certain park, or pleasure ground, or 
 garden, or in a certain piece of land adjoining or belonging to the dwel- 
 ling of thesaidCD.,aitaate(<lMcril)i!): thesaid tree (ere), being thereby 
 injured to an extent exceeding in value Ave dollars: («M also Code SOU 
 infra: ser also Cade HOT as to statement of partimlars of the offence.) 
 or 
 
 (h)* A post letter bag, or post letter, the property of the Postmaster 
 .__'_, -* .-, j_ /„ i.«..i4w.. «*■ " tMiNf Iflter haa " and nost letter: 
 
 (c)* A street letter box, or pillar box, or a certain receptacle (e.|7., « 
 letter box in the offlce of Hotel, in the of ) . 
 
 then and there established by the authority of the Postmaster General of 
 Canada for the deposit of letters or other mailable matter. 
 
SVXOP-SIS „K OFFENCES, WITH FOHM.S. 
 
 411 
 
 . or . 
 
 ttiere .„ damaged b, Ibe Mid A.B. .V day toU,. ^ I ""," "" ""■" •"'i 
 i'unM».e„(.-T„o year.. °' """"J' ^''""">- 
 
 (See siso (w, ,5/7 ,„,,.„) 
 
 etc., dMnbing Ihe localil)). '""'""'» "' "le SBnie being partaken of" 
 
 See " Animals," a„p„, 
 
 ''"»"*»"»'.-Two years. 
 
 J^i'.Mlr,juH«,toAni„u,hotl,.rth,m ■•CMU-"- Cod,. ;,y/ 
 /""« of Charge. —Thtit \ n „„ "• . i «» .,fy/. 
 
 """•"' — Ju^ti. summarily 
 ^.""""■■''"-Si'month,: Code 841 
 
 nabbt:ti^S:';-^;;;-.^e «0, (2, « i„dietable, an.i 
 
 ft»i,«„„„ _r ' '"''" " ""'R'^fof^ on con«,nt 
 
 >-.pH.o„men.„ ,„t S^t'^lXTrvJU-rl'S'S-! °' '*« ^O'"^- 
 
412 
 
 (iVNOPSW OF OKKENCES, WITH KOBMS. 
 
 The animal inu8t be one which may be "the Huhject ot 
 larceny at common law " (aa to which see Code 304), or muat 
 be such 88 are ordinarily kept in a atate of confinement, or 
 kept tor any lawful purpose : Code 501. 
 
 Thrmlx to Injure Cattle: Code iiOJ. 
 PttDMAweMt.— Two years. . 
 
 Poll-Books <rr Election Dmiments, Wilful Injuries to: 
 Code I'M.!. 
 
 PMnj«/lmf«^— Seven years. 
 
 See supra Election Documents. 
 
 Wilful Injuries to Buildings by Tenants or Mortgv.gors: 
 Code oUi. 
 
 See Tenants, suirra Code 322, as to theft of fixtures by 
 tenants. * 
 
 form n/Owri;..- That A.B., on , at .being then and 
 
 there uossessed oJ a certain dwelling-house ^or oiker biiihling, deacrtbtvg 
 it) or a. part o( a certain dwelling-house, etc., which was then built on 
 land to wit, (dMo-iSe I*« land), subject to a mortgage held thereon by 
 CD., or which land was then held tor » term ot , "^ »'"'". "' 
 
 held over after the term of a tenancy under a lease thereof to the saia 
 A B from CD., did unlawfully and wilfully, without legal justiBcation 
 or excuse, without colour of right, and to the prejudice ot the said CD., 
 •pull down or demolish (or begin to, eU.) the said dwelling. 
 or 
 
 •Remove (or begin to remove) the said dwelling house or building 
 (or a part of, etc.) Jrom the said land and premises o i which it was so 
 erected and built. 
 
 or 
 
 •Pull down or sever from the freehold of the said land a certain 
 (iiture, to wit {mate tchal) then «xed in or to the said dwelling house or 
 building (or the said part of, etc.) 
 
 i»iiBi«Aiiie»i(.— Five years. 
 
 Land Marks, wilful injuries to: Coile oOo. ;7(«.— See 
 Land Marks, supra. 
 
 Fences, etc., wilful injuries to : Code 'J07. 
 
 Form o/C»orm.-That A.B., etc., did unlawfully and wilfully destroy 
 or damage a certain feiioe, or a wall, or gate, or a post or stake then 
 nlunted o.- set up on certain land or marsh, or swamp, or land covered 
 by water on or as the boundary line of certain land (or, elc), ..r in lieu 
 of a fence to the said land (or, elc.) which land («c.) was then the 
 property of li . and situated Ideacfibe tl). 
 
 lV»6«nai.— .lustice summarily. 
 
 /.iiHitfltioii.— Six months: Code 841. 
 
 P«»i»»iit«il.— Fine »20, over and above the injury. 
 
M-.VOP.S,.s OK OKPKNCES, W,T„ KOB»,.S. 
 
 413 
 
 A second offence ia likewise tri.Ki 
 
 ""••■"»■■«■" »»* li.rd Lbour 
 
 ■""""""■"'•-Finelso. 
 
 («) S'i.t.i/cXlSr'^''''"'"^ ^ ^^'''^ •^"*-''^« Code mD. 
 ^■'"»"'— '"'tic. summarily 
 
 ^""""'"'"-^'■'' -■>■■"»: Code 84. 
 (.ndic..b,e,. .„„ ;rr.'-S;rSdr/78°'°" '"" '■""'■-■ Sec„„. „ffe„oe 
 
 ('(dtimfed Rmt 
 ( ale 'ilii, 
 
 f"'""°'— '""lioe, «umm.rilv 
 Zm,la(i„H -Sii months, '• 
 
 S«. Code 478. "°''""" '"■P"—".. 
 
 Wi/M Inj^riex, K„t Othen.i^, Pr,n-i,M F c . - 
 
 . Form ,,f aarne.-Thlit A B . ,. ' '^"'«' '^J '■ 
 
 mil d.maee, ,„■ injurvTsnAn',' " ''"■ ""'""'"lly and wijfnll 
 
 , '""""'•-•'u'tioe, Biimma.-ily 
 ^""""''"".-Sii months. 
 /'ttninlimfnl sw nti.i i 
 
 "'^'""""■'^*''^'- """•". a garden, etc.: 
 
414 SYNOPSIS OF OFFEKOKS, WITH FORMS. 
 
 Tre»pw«, (not being wilful avd malicious), while hanting 
 or fii*ii«ar ponming game, is not an offence : lode :,ll (lb). 
 
 Under Code Ml a pmtim or m^ate '"^y 'li«=h3 » 
 per»on summarily cc.,™t«l Wo« ta- « • ^-f^"**;^ 
 danmge, if it is a first conviction, upon the offender nu>king 
 compensation, to be fixed by the justice or magistrate. 
 
 WUful Damage by Expl<mve>,: Code ^.W.-See Explosions. 
 
 Waful D„vmge in Respect toRaiUmy>^ !!'^t^l'f'f 
 —The Railway Act of 1888, c. 29, amended by the Act of 
 1890, c. 37. 
 
 Damage to Telegraplis: Code i9i.>. 
 
 Wilfid Damage by Wrecking: Cod^ .{S.A-See Wrecking. 
 WUfal Damage or Interference' with Marine Signals, etc.: 
 Code 49y.— See Signals. 
 
 WilfiiUy Frequenting t1u> Saving of Wreck: Code 596.— 
 See Wreck. 
 
 Rafts, wilful injuries to : Code u97. 
 Dams, Piers, Slides, Booms, etc.: Code r,97. 
 Mines : Code 598. 
 Oil Wells: Code 598. 
 
 LimUatiOH . —None . 
 
 witchcraft, Fortune TeUing, etc.. Pretending to Practice : 
 Code 396. 
 
 Imp. Stat. 9 Geo. II., c. 5, is also in force here. 
 
 juration, or enchantment. 
 
 or 
 
 » Undertake to tell fortunes. 
 
 or 
 
 . P,„e„d from hi. pretended *»V° ""^rr ce".T„toodirci.ttet 
 
 I 
 
"«»«" «» or^rcB, «TH ro««. 
 
 Itis n t " *" 
 
 done with il,ten'tTdXive''i'r''H!f°'' S"""^ """ ""^ «<=» «iw 
 -• Penny v. H«„ao„"TQ.BD'4"8''R ""iV'' -'-"r dW 
 306. '*""■ 478 , R. V. Milford, 20 O.R. 
 
 ...*!?■»*»• ^■■"■"""" '"eaoho., „f e„„,.„,. ,^. ^ ,,,^,^ 
 S,J^^^" -' °"--. ."t ,.tion wit,, respect to. ,W,. 
 
 the «,. 0, „„,.!„ ,«,,,; >?;.•'■''■'• -»■ "■"der tl„ .aid C.i, fJ°J.^-K.), 
 3V.».,a;.-T,„ j„,tio„ '"'PP'-'dto b,. '"' •'•"•) then 
 
 ^«<*,<^.Tj<::::'c;dr»:r'""'""°""""y- 
 
 "tBMAwOTf.— Pin- •inn „. .. 
 
 '"■'^•'w or three months. 
 
 pe«or:S^?^'^ ""^ «-. violence to p„vent 
 Pumilimenl.—T^o years. 
 P^JT^ir Violence or Tin-eat^ t^ ; .■ ■• 
 
416 SYNOPSIS OF OFFENCES, WITH FOBBIS. 
 
 etc., or »ilorg, stevedores or others from working on a vessel : 
 Code 'i^''i, 
 
 PuKitknml. —MIOO or three monthi. 
 
 lVi6i.iMl.-8.Mloni or mt^Hnf on oonwnt on Indictment, or two 
 jultlcM or • ra«ji«tr«l«, •ummarlly. 
 
 Umilalion.-To prowo.itlone bj lndietm«.t, none; to prowoutlone 
 before juetlcei or ni«Bietr«le, ill monthi; Code 841. 
 
 IntimidatiHfi Biddern at sales of public lands ; (W« r.L'B. 
 Triii.»ol.-lInder Code 5S4 or 556. Sewloni. Mngletmle on oonMut. 
 I^iiii(a(i«ii.— None. 
 
 Woundtngr, or inflicting grievous bodily harm : CmU J4J. 
 Form »/ C»i.rB..-Tli.t A.B., et«., did nnUwlnlly wonnd, or Indict 
 grievous bodily hnrm upon CD. 
 P»iii»»«im(.— Three yean. 
 IVitiiiKil.— Setelone. Megiitmte on content. 
 i(mi(o(ioii.— None. 
 Wounding, with intent to murder: Code .'.IJ(f>)—^<^ 
 Murder. 
 
 Woiiwliug. with intent to maim, disHgure, etc.: Code Ul- 
 
 Form of Clmroe.-1\a.i A.B., etc., with Intent to m.im, or to dleaPJ". 
 or to d".rtl. o/to do grievou. bodily ham. to CD., or with Intent o 
 %. °t r;««nt tie r.-W appreheneion or lawful <>«•'"" »' 'V.''* 
 A B (or of E.P.), did unlawfully wound, or oauae f'le'fue bodi y narm 
 tori) (or to OH.): or did unlawfully .hoot with a loaded pietol or 
 ™"« CD., o".tte,;,?t by drawing a trigge. (-.,; •- »"."»'*"■ "f^^' 
 ffi.' »o»), to di.charge a loaded arm, to wit, . pietol or a gun. at t.D. 
 (orQ.H.). 
 
 FttBisAmeiif.— Iniprisonment for life. 
 Trifiniwl.— Seaaioos. Magistrate on consent. 
 LiMiltition. — None. 
 Woumlimj a PMic Ofieev whiU on Duty: Vo,h H-l (b)- 
 ■' Public Oficer " Defined : C(xle .1 («•)■ 
 See As.saulting Public or Peace Officer, or any one aiding 
 such officer : Code 203. 
 
 ip„r.. „f ruarae —That A.B., e«-., did unlawfully maim, or wound, 
 D whfw« then and there a public „(., -r, to wit, an In.pector of the 
 Inland 1 evenue of the Dominion of Canada (or o. th, ca,e mag be), he 
 the said CD be ng then and there engaged in the execution of his 
 duty "; .u.h omcer;'or did uniawfnlly wound E.h. a person acfng in 
 aid of a public officer (ronWurfr «» in the inredmg form) . 
 PwHwAiHeHf.— Fourteen years. 
 
 See also Explosions; Drugging; Administering Drugs. 
 
^r*«1^.1)^Me,l: Code.lfdd). 
 
 ^««*»»r^*..tw,A:„,_s,^ Theft 
 
 r^'"-«'-s...i„... M„,.,„^„. '*''• 
 
 i<»i<a(toii._Non«. "*«""»» od oomtnt. 
 
 -Jncrelinf). defacing ,n.rk« «„ 
 dealing «'!"■. keepi„g'^i„ '!^™^°"' ""«« i„j., reviving, 
 wreckage, or WVdiSg aT^"™. "■'.•'r""""'*.' wr-ck .f; 
 distress against the win nf tl "f'''''i«l, ,tran,iefl or i„ 
 
 the officiaf receiver oTii^kt cTlT"'' ''' »'"■"""'' °" 
 
 -effiL^Xatr;J?f 7/''^ -vi„«oU vessel 
 to do so : Cod. ^96-. °*"'*™'^ °' '" d"*"^"^'. ; or en-Lavourirg 
 
 Magistrate on consent. 
 
 IVit«M(.-SeM|„n, 
 ^»«<>«o».-None 
 '■"""""■-Seven year. 
 
 ^^ >;:::n,::^'::::^; -^ '-o'. ^us,.e.. .. .„„„.. 
 
 »' «i montt.. ■"'■«■».««, seven ,«„; before Ju„ioe,, „„e Moo, 
 
41H 
 
 SYNUPHIH OK OH-ENCEil, WITH »-ORMM. 
 
 I'nirnting w lmi>edmg wving life of "ship-wrecked 
 pereon": t'lx/f .'■'4- 
 
 Dt^nU'wn : Curie .J (s). 
 
 IVil>»»<i/.-S"«loi>«. Mml'lrmte on conwnt. 
 
 LimilatioH.—^oM. 
 Note— 111 all caws except thone in which justicei. are 
 expresMly givou summary jurUictiou, a just.ce .« to hold a 
 prelinmiary en.,uiry only, proc.hng a» de«enl,ed in he 
 chapter on prelin,inary enquiries .«p.« ; but ,f the case « 
 one which iK not wiil.in the exc us.ve ,ur.»d.ctmn of a 
 Superior Court, and is therefore within the jurisdiction ot 
 the Sessions, a i..«Bistr«te may try the case summarily under 
 Part .55, if the accused consents. In the al«ence of such 
 consent a preliminary en,,uiry only is to be held by the 
 magistrate, or may be held by a justice. 
 
 As to the rciuisites of forms of charges, see Code 808-0^8, 
 and as to second otfences, see Code 628. 
 
 Costs may 1« awarded on «»'^i'=t'°".''y J""""''";, S 
 867 ■ or magistrates: Code 832, amended in 1900; and hard 
 labour may be awarded on imprisonment where it is so pro- 
 vided, and in such case hard lab..ur may be awarded on com- 
 mitment on default of payment of a hne, even if .t is not 
 so expressly provided by the section relating to the offence . 
 amendment of Code 872 in the Act of 1900. 
 
 By Code 058 in the Act of 1900 a magistrate may in 
 lieu or addition to imprisonment award a fine; and additional 
 imprisonment on default of payment. 
 
IM)EX. 
 
 AbandoBlaf CUM 
 
 '""'*•' '«"■ .vear. ol,|. lo., 
 Abmdoomnt 
 
 *'«UBMt, II), [14 .jf^ 
 AbdncUon 
 
 °' » «°7«"'ofT„;',;':'':;.,"' 'i*'". iss 
 
 «n helrf,,. .1..,/ "*•• ■'-" 
 
 ",*;;l' "ii«t„„. .-,.7 
 
 'I'lWfeii under f.,„rl,m, r- 
 
 territorial j„,.i,j|^,i^ 
 
 "''•" ""•"'•, ".....lilt'ed ,%'" ""•'"■"'■■'I. 10- 
 
 ''«'■"« or offering d;„i-V.,,, 
 
 »ri. ^ . ''"'°' ■«'»"' procure, 355 
 
 „. - '"•• '*Me™ «nd Abettors) 
 J'ter tile fact, 330 
 
 '""■""""^ ■"""-" (-Vurder,. 331, 3:„ 
 
 proceeding. ,g.,„„ „ """ 
 "■arrant for ,r,*,t „, ., ?„ 
 
 rSe "on r, :•''»"'• ^'° 
 release on fiail. 241 
 
 "i-iier for releaee, 241 
 
 ^'^•••"WijioMi.Urf 
 
 '" ""' "' ""'"««. procedure on, 220 
 
 "''°'""'''"j'<'f"ldence„f,l,3,„4 
 
410 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 thmt ol, •" "■•"•i '■"'■A".' ^, 
 of erlnn (IM Kitoitlon), Ml, Ml 
 
 ooMplrMyWbriW. ,"•„„, 
 
 BUllBf °<, •'•MM'""*. >*' 
 
 W b. InlOHDwi o« »•""• «* "''•T' ^n 
 
 riSMit. b,, iJUr b.ln( wj™'''. »=• =«' 
 
 not to b. ..orn oa pr.llml«r7 "T'T. ^^ 
 m,, »^T. pr.llnilB.rr tnQxlT. '■'■» 
 
 3S,'?o'Sl*mHSl'"i'y ?.."«» «or «I <■«.«• '"""-"^ '" -"• 
 e„.o. ir"i.T.or on. o..n.. ..d ..mm.HI, .o.,i..H o, 
 
 „., .„.a*?or.'n'X.. -'''-•J»"-,'!Ko';"i;!?lc., =5T 
 [..ring OM. In .bMnce of, 25" 
 
 s'tno^!i.aol*r??o-:°ro.; .--'y •"•> -'°"«"""- '^"^ 
 
 tmilnf .> Orl"* (•** Aoenutlon) 
 
 torn oJ ohnrgo, 361 .i_., ., .ni 
 d.m>ndlng .nythlng by tl.r..t of, 401 
 
 Art •< »HlU>M»« , ^ . . ,,, 
 
 diB0b.dl.nee of, how pnnUhnbl., 131 
 
 right of Mouiod to c«rtl««t. of, 1S3, IM 
 A4jouuu>t (... S.mands) 
 of hewing on .ppoal, 76 
 
 .uthority of court •• to, on, 76 prOMM, "1. !»» 
 
 when a\'"'""» •'"nrem th."n infora. ion .nd pme... 205 
 
 r«rp.?oro?^v^:x^r"s^- 
 
 proMdur. on, 283 
 
 gtonnd. for, K*"'™."';.-",, . „,„ i,.,,d before t«po, 263 
 
 rrndC'n^/fr.T.rg.'-lXrion .fter. =64 
 
'NUM. 
 uniaiiUmtiiit of *fi. 
 
 form.! 'onrlc.lon ".X'™!!.?"''"' "V "• "I".! "« 
 '•qul.lli.. or, 2ij °" "'•'•■"•l«iil, SM ' ™ 
 
 "•momnJum S"SU"' "* ■'«■«• br 'wlh, 36] 
 f" '"''■■"« »r not golllr "hm 
 
 ;.'''"''•"'"' Injur,, 3"'" 
 "I'h Inleiil to |i«r. .in,.i 
 Matnll, " "'"'"Moil, 338 
 
 '"''«riro;;^C.'r„i?,r"-'" -"'«•. '«. .73 
 
 — -" (••« Frld.nf,) 
 
 •^'..'.1 rul. „, ,,, [."Jj'.Vr °°' '-' 
 °' food, 333, 303. 403 
 
 .»X«i°„',; „T ;;'„'" "°p"»i"d b,. p.„y „,„„g „„ 
 
 '" l'l'»'i«ii of bank note, ni 
 ^^^ """ '<" •'°l«n property, 3»: 
 
 'or prohibition, 37 
 for mudanni, 03 
 
422 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 *^rt.t WO-. « «.d.nc. o. .pp... .- ~> -- 
 victioD, 74, 75 QQ 
 
 ?J,1otS.irKI»>c. o.. oj C...d., .16 
 
 to ei.min« wltneii d.ngerou.ly lU, -IB 
 of itenographer, 228 
 
 of ikabpren. to witnoM, 3l» 
 f.Ue (lee Perjury), 383 
 Afinii.tioa (Me Oathe) 
 
 of p«.ee»tor to an i"'?"?"'"" J** 
 of WitneM. when permiMlMe, 2-0 
 form, of, 225, 226 
 of Btenographer, 227 
 false («ee Perjury), aw 
 
 AJBr.y , 
 
 wh.t deemed to be, 333 
 punlBhment of, etc., 333 
 
 Ace 
 
 '■-f^i;i;;Soii;=,s=S^.ir,,302 
 
 anolber 
 
 A(mt> (see Tru.tees, Clerks, ete.) 
 
 theft by, 396 
 *«^^::?er?-eTbri'^«&.fJo ehargeof .S..U.., >- 
 
 Aidin ttd Abetton (see AocesBories) 
 
 Territori.1 jurisdiction, where oflenee comm.tted 
 
 how ch.;ge"?i^ie Led In .nforn.a.ion again.., 186 
 
 of treason, suicide, murder, etc., 331 
 
 of escape of prisoner, 3o9 
 Ait OOM (see Weapons), 405-407 
 AlpbabatiotHynopiU of OftnoM tribunal and punishment, 
 
 "»" '°Tn7f,S«n^'.°V;;Je1orVo.SS;; 325.4'i» 
 Am«d.4C<mTi.tl» (see Amendmentt Conviction) 
 
 s'^c:s::^"-ji^-^---"^^^^'^-™' 
 
 Amendment «turn to certiorari (see 
 
 of conviction and commitment, on return lo 
 
 Certior.ri) 23-26, 284 „,v,,. Corpus), 46, 48, 284 
 
 on return to h.be.s corpus (see H.bea. wrp 
 
 powers of justice, a. to "**1°K' ;*;„V ^^ 
 
 ■" "rL°e'i;rnro.' -. ^^p^-^i 
 
 rntS-^^aVrr'a'^^rri'X"" '''-- "' '"""'''• =^^ 
 
433 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 riglit or learoh for und., r„». , 
 
 M-- under Ac. reipecS»?„,'„'/J°"' ""'«•<■• -»". 189 
 
 "'rXAT^a";"^' ™°^^" "'' '"' '°°'' """ ■■'»'■ '" 
 
 killing with i„„„, ;„ ,4' f 
 
 thro.,, rril^re o'.rer'Jb""'" "" '■'"e, 41., 41. 
 AppMl 
 
 what deemed to bn " ft «„ i- 
 
 when eortiorari taken ^EP 'L'""' =" 
 
 i,n Ontario; t"";';^^-' "'eV'"' ^^« "' '^- «» 
 in other provinces, 69 
 notice of, 69 
 
 requisites of, 69 
 serviee of, Jo 
 to what slttinfTB, 71 
 recognizance, 71 70 
 
 hearta j:r:3:'74°°'™'''"' '" "P"'""-' -"«, 73 
 procedure on, 74 76 
 how to be decided, 76 77 78 
 
 ,^ ."^m" n^rn-o'r-^Sr?/' ""-= —-"->•. 74, 7., 
 •iibpoBna to witnegs, 76 
 
 r^niK°[p7Sr.'!fvirr^'"''''™ 
 
 What order, oourt may ™Te ^^4° '"""- "'■ "h-rfe, 70 
 ™1o"re°nf:roJS:r°?; ?°«j'^»P».i'ed .««enritv, 77, 78 
 
 e«.t«conrt may mak; order'., to 76 
 what meluded in, 77-79 ' 
 
 when appeal abandoned, 78 
 how to be determined, 79 
 
i 
 
 424 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ,b»iidonment o( »pp«H, '» 
 
 constable's return """to, 81 
 „ommUa«nttornon-p.ym.nt^^ ^._^^_,, ,, 
 
 ?ro^Ve',L7":irf^^5^^„f. rr- '= 
 
 stated), 83 . -iinwable, 95 
 
 from decision of Court ol Appe»i " 
 
 to Privy Couucil 5;. '' , „„ cMe stilted, 97 
 
 rXV'vS s't« ooun^y iud.e, 98 
 
 l^^i^^^r'l.U0-.d,98 
 'p-Te^Srrip^-S "'eru-lV iudge, 98, 99 
 •""£• disposed Of after iudg.»ent, 102 
 
 application for summon, 99 
 
 costs, authority of judge as '»•"?„ 
 
 SS™ of summon, to prosecutor, 100 
 
 judge's order thereon 100 
 
 'procedure subsequent to o-der^^"' ^^^ 
 
 warrant of =»"»»''"'.™!„7 joi 
 execution o( such '"""''Ji"' i,„,, 102 ' 
 to General Sessions under Ontario la , 
 procedure on, 10- 
 Sng'dCS?cnTiu\°.-..to.l03 
 
 hearing of, 103 
 
 abandonment of, lOJi 
 
 convicting justice "»' »° "'his'"'' „., 
 
 doe, not lie •f""""' ^"ts'tice without issuing summons, 251 
 from dismissa "' J'" K'detects in form, .to., 255 
 on objeotions to P'of"' '"Jh" oHonders, 302 
 
 ''"rndrA^trpeHrn'g'ApP-'--''"' 
 
 Appearaiee (see Accused) 
 ' „^— «>,„n del 
 
 of 
 
 rc^s'e'd-reu'deemed to -aive objections to jurisdiction. 
 .ee-i^^U^-WeohjecUons^iuforu^^S:^" 
 
 . . ■„ ;«iia TiTOvinceB, oo 
 
 01 prunc»;«'»'- 
 
 *,prtl... curt, deanition of in various provinces, 
 
 jm 
 
ISItEX 
 
 AppUcfttioa 
 
 for c^rtiomri 'see Certiorari ). 4 
 notice of, :; ;i 4 
 
 to Supreme Court, rn 
 'or l.rohiliition l,ee Prohibition) .ili 
 to i,'",S' ',""" '"" ■■"■"J"".". W 
 or order ,'"'""" ^'l"""' <'" C..e Stated). 84 
 'or order to coni|,el ,,„tit, to state a ea,e, 88 
 
 Appointmaat 
 
 of jii.ti«,. magistrate, and jodi.ial offlcm, 132 
 Appnhauiaa f»ee Arrest) 
 AppnnticM 
 
 to, :,-„f ".'?j2K'"""-Po>"ir, of juatice, .„d magistrate, a, 
 oanoellatioii of articles, 307 
 'p°;:a1°,''.",s"" ""■«"•■». 'O" -PPlicable, 308 
 causing bodily harm to, 333 
 AppreitioMliip, ArtielM of 
 
 ""7" lr.;ur.fe"?£"d'er's"^-,o"r"""- "■'^" '^«' -P-- 
 under Act respecting l.ependen't or Neglected Children, 3i:, 
 
 Appratsamtnt 
 
 of goods seiMd under distress warrant, 278 
 
 Ims (see Weapons) 
 
 Aimt 
 
 warrant of. in force until executed 193 
 by whom to be made, 193 194 ' 
 where made, 193, 194 
 
 opri'i'd":".?rr„T:;"ecr^rT,v- '■'°''«'^' '°^. '»^. =»= 
 o°Js"ndir;r'"'"'°'''''"' 
 
 duty of constable on making, 193 194 mi 
 break,„g i,„„ ^„„,^, ^^ encLnres to%Jecl 194 
 what necessary to constitute 194 ' 
 
 '" '""""v^Sa'n'tSI'r-" '■"■""■ »'"-' i--d (see Backing 
 warrant of, not to be issued in blank 197 
 w,thout warrant-by private individuals, 197 198 
 by peace officers, 199-"0I 
 
 effeTo°f"200°"°""''« '"»'""■' "' "■• P»»". W 
 duty of constable after making "00 
 by pawnbrokers, 201 
 nse of force in making, 202 
 
 protection of and responsibility for results of, 202, 203 
 
 «B 
 
436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Anwt — Continiieil , 
 
 treatment of prisoner after, 203 
 
 aearching prisoner, 2l>3 
 
 disposition of property found on prisoner, '_03 
 
 handcuffing prisoner, when justifiable, 'J04 
 proceedinRs l>efore justice after, 205 
 on Bumnmrv trialf l>y justices, when jnttifled, -n_, lo* 
 of witness— on failure to attend on summons, _0u 
 
 in first instance, 211 
 
 about to abscond, 212, 239 
 of juvenih- uffi-nders (see Juvenile Offenders), J»2-oOl> 
 
 Arrest Without Warrant (see Arrest), 193, 201 
 
 Arson (see Fire), 364 
 
 Articles of Apprentioeihip (see Apprenticeship). 307, 313 
 
 ArtlolM of the Peace 
 
 may be ordered in addition to any penalty, 27.') 
 recognizance to keep the peace, 275 
 warrant of commitment in default of, 276 
 (ffounds for awarding, 3.14 
 procedure and forms respecting, 334, 33i) 
 
 effect of certificate of dismissal or acquittal on charge of. 154 
 
 IB a bar to subsefjuent charge for aggravated assault. 1..4 
 
 jurisdiction of justice and magistrate on trial of oliari/e, -HJ, .1„ 
 
 ouster of jurisdiction— by claim of title to land, I.jS. .\m< 
 
 by more than one peraoii-all charged may be tried separately, _. - 
 
 definitions of, 335 _ 
 
 what may be done in self defence against, 330 
 
 common assault, 336 
 
 indecent assault on females, 336 ^ 
 
 consent no defence if female under fourteen, ..36 
 
 on offleiating clergyman, 345 ^ 
 
 indecent assault on male?, 337 
 
 with intent to rob, 337, 400, 401 
 
 by armed person, 401 
 aggravated, defined. 337 
 
 with intent to commit an indictable offence, 337 
 on public or peace officers, 337, 416 
 with intent to resist or prevent arrest, 337 
 on a person lawfully executing process, 33< 
 on a person within two miles of place of election, 33r 
 and wounding (see Wounding) „„„,!„„ -ns 
 
 Iving in wait for persons returning from public meeting, 338 
 by misconduct while in charge of a vehicle, 309 
 AtrittJTtB FeaoeOffleer (see Constable) 
 
 persons justified in, 193, 198 
 Attempt (see Particular Titles) 
 
 to commit offence barred by acquittal and charge of committing 
 offence, 154 
 Attomej*0«ieral 
 
 consent of, to prosecution, when necessary, 106 
 
 of the province, 166 
 consent of, in proceedings against corporations 19 
 fiat of, to present indictment on dismissal of oAseh} justice, JJ* 
 may or any one with his consent may, prefer indictments, 238 
 
427 
 
 INDEX. 
 •■tkititj (,ee Jari.diction) 
 
 form of eodomemen, ,5i * '* "»rpant, 17.1 
 
 ia indictable offences n.> ^^™ j 
 
 fo™ of recoKotl::; "^^i^-"' °" P™li„i„ary e„^„i,^_ „„„ 
 
 ?o™ of recog„i2,„e/ ,33 °^"'' -'■' 
 
 jn lieu of commitment fop tiinl --la »i- 
 
 in cases piiiii,l,„ble bymorjtl, '.,"«:' • 
 
 fOCOKnizante in such ,.,,„. .'17 »™J"'i'" imppisoumen,, ZM 
 
 ■n cases punishable bv less't'l,.,, «™ 
 
 -r™r,',°e' -"'.-^'i i-iS 0"" r™ ■■"'■"'<'■'"—. =^7 
 
 wrant (if coiiin)itim.nt "iT 
 after committal, how- nii.u.v «■! 
 
 ■orm of Pecoguizanoe to be ,m.,l -i-!' 
 warrant of deliverance thereo', '4". 
 di«!harKe of accused, -I. °"' -^- 
 
 ™trln°/' J°™ "f '"'°"»"'io„, :H2 
 warrant of arrest on '>4y 
 now warrant exeputed "4-1 
 
 :rS;Sr--"'"i^^^'"..™ accused .eased 
 
 Ulefl by (see Aftents, Trustees 
 
 ), 3!)(i 
 
 •dvertisiDK in likenesi 
 
 ot, 331 
 
 hlMly using the title of " bank " 36" 
 theft by employees of, 3!lli 
 '••'^ (see Assault) 
 »«^a.M. (see Disorderly House) 354 
 r (see Disorderly Conduct I, 3.-,ii 
 k Wurut (see Warrant) 
 
4S8 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 IwHlHty (see Hodomr) 
 
 BMtlH (lee Disorderly Hoau), 364 
 definition! of, 371 
 rifrbt to search, 188, 3M. 371 
 
 offence ot keeping, or belnur inm»te or frequenter of, 254, 371 
 on a hone race, when not an offence, 387 
 
 BiM or LUulihoed uf BiM 
 
 ditqaaliflcstion of justiae bj reason of, 142 
 grounds of, need not be stated in objaetion. 144 
 
 BlTda 
 
 domestic or caged, theft of, 403 
 
 SUiphsBMW Ubd (fl«e Ubal), 339 
 
 Bodiljr Ham 
 
 to an apprentice, or servant, by master or servant, 334 
 assaults occasioning, 337 
 
 causing or attempting to cauae by explosrves, 360, 361 
 negligence causing (see Neglect), 379 
 
 BenndariM of Ooutiaa 
 
 territorial jurisdiction ot Justices as to offences committed on, 169 
 Breaeh of the Peaee (see Artielet ot the Peace), 354 
 Brsaah of Trast (see Trustee). 344 
 BraibUiig Prison (see Escape), %7 
 
 ot judicial officers or members of parliament, 339 
 
 of jurj' or jurors or witnesses, 340 
 SriSffing Stolen Goods Into Canada (see Theft), 402 
 Britiib Ships 
 
 jurisdiction of courts as to offences committed upon, 171-174 
 Boeket Shops (see 'taming Houses) 
 
 frequenting, 370, 371 
 Bagfery (see Hodomy) 
 Ba«^ (see Marine Signals) 
 Bvglaxy (see House Breaking), 340 
 
 of dwelling, 341, 342 
 
 of plaee of worship, 343 
 
 of acbool-houseB. shops, warehouses and buildings not being 
 part of dwelling, 344 
 Batfesr 
 
 adulteration of, 333 
 
 Act respecting brandiOK of, 405 
 By-law 
 
 defective proof of— quashing conviction, 28 
 
 proof of, 112 
 
 Casals 
 
 offences committed on— jurisdiction of justices as to, 169 
 
INDEX. 
 
 429 
 
 to what courtfl, sa ' 
 
 Rfound* for, 85 
 
 on qoMtioui of l,w, «,') 
 
 ^^J^°°J»'.Jutl«ii,tion, 8« 
 
 ™je nui to jnitioe, 81) 
 
 form of. 91 
 
 ii«ie* of h.fBrine, «1 ^ 
 
 f*rm of, 3L> 
 oearikg, 91; 
 
 POTrera of court on 9" 
 
 ■mendment of convictiou, fl" 
 
 who may iiear, 92 
 
 "^t'.'r"'""' ""«™-<: convi«i„„, 03 
 
 abanijoii merit, 94 
 
 jiMU, ot respondent, effect of, 84 
 
 !~*"™"°' <" order of eoun, 95 
 wrtioran not neoessarr r, 
 
 •to wl,« courts, m"^ '™°' ""B-'fte allowed, a5. ar 
 at »hat time cam. mav l,e reaerved CK! 
 «rf"8al to state a case, 9,1 """"«'• i* 
 How case can be settled, 'M 
 
 powei» of (.'ourt of Appeal ur 
 •ppoal from Conrt of Appeal 97 
 .appeal to Privy Council, V 
 by joatices under . wtario law,- 
 
 wnat restricted to, 1(j3 
 proeedure on. 104 
 refusal l.v juwice. 104 
 
 ^.VL"' '^""'^ "' ^PP*"! ""■ UK 
 proceedings subsefjuent to loi 
 "gnt of appeal taken away by. 105 
 
4:io 
 
 th.tt ot, 39- 
 
 tr«udol«utly kseplng, 397 
 killing wItU Inlent '" •?".',' :"* 
 flltSl^uiS'" (». Wm„"l Ulurle.), 4U, 41. 
 thtelM to Injure, 41'.1 
 
 form ot. i'M 
 
 OwtralPrlMS 
 
 coniBiitmeiit ot priKmirt to. .ad 
 
 **Ttark ot the poace ot ron-p.,--.. ot oo... of .pp..., M. 1» 
 of retuKal to Btato a case, 84, iiH 
 
 udg. ot default ot re.pood.ut .tter •??••'• 1" ,5, 
 of LquiHal to be give, by "W-Wt- J° d.te»d.ot. I..3 
 i, .ntBelent proof ot dl.n.if»l ot «li»rg.. 1.>J 
 '°'dl.n,i.'.ol by j,..tio. m »«« »' prooeediag. tor .umm.ry «..- 
 
 viction, 154 
 form ot »ai!ll certl«c«te. IM 
 of di.mU.al in c«». of ja,.l.il. ofendere. lo4. .95 
 
 on™hS'rgi'ot a«.ult and battery 164 .pp,.„^ b, 
 
 to be eudorsfd on recognizance on tairare 01 .i.|~ 
 aecueetl. 'JOT 
 
 „, .edlca'l iUISli'ron-r 'i i" to indo.ria, «hool, 3.1 
 •OtTtlAraii 
 
 PX? oHb" . " MS--- -<>' ""-■"^ "'■ '' 
 
 f^::.'.".£riSe'd't"o'»Ue rulea a. .0 . . ., 
 
 p°actice and procedure not dependent on Code. - 
 in ouMi-criminal proceeding". - 
 notice ot application tor, to be given, A 4 
 requisites of notice, J, .*, * 
 form ot, 3 
 eerviee of, 3, 4 
 objeotlona to, 13, 14 
 .pp,fat;"to:,';rnVn'd\owt„bem.de,4,5 
 affidavit in support of, * 
 
 (orm of, 5 
 I°;umTnt"»f » ".lidlty ot conviction on, 11 
 order for, form of, ^ 
 
 reeoRnizanee to be entered into, 6, », 1" 
 rule of court as to, 7 
 form of. 7 
 how pnforced. H 
 sureties to justify, 8, y 
 
>'« takfu 
 
 I.VKEX. 
 
 'onu of. 1], Jo 
 
 pftlit-m to hu atiii»«»,i f„ I , 
 
 °:''iX',7"'"'-'° «i.. .».>wi„„. „„ 
 
 PTOvi.ions 11. t„ » I V "'''lo". IT 
 
 ""■v or,,;;?i,!:.';rr°„ "ir ""■'»"'■'-•■". H 
 
 form of, IH 
 
 «';?^:oSr:i^-r^,r-ie.,„,i. „ 
 
 irrounil. for rriiiii ,„ ' , ' . ' 
 
 iiivaini on itH face "'i ' ~ " ' -- 
 
 granting „, discretion,;,;.-' - 
 
 ".?'K™n'"".f(er,pS''"" -i ■.„ 
 When tiTjtji'.l,t,i...i( ;X ~"' ~ ' -" 
 
 direetio., to it m JJ V'^'"''''" "' JiHs'liction. ".-j ... 
 
 r.?,r J T:„Si"oi,";i." ^°'f '"-■■. ^■^. ^'.^ 
 
 -h,n d.f..et,r™rhr.tZ° '"■i".?7''''''--'^ 
 •hen proof of byi.,' defocth;"-'--'' 
 
 ueieciR of form wh»ti /....^^ i ' 
 
 when deffcts nn. „; ®*^ ^'^ statute, -g, ■'; 
 
 r^&^VsSti^sT"-^"'".^ 
 
 «-p. on ^^'fi!"'"^;,""' '••""'•"We, 1..1, 
 
 «n 
 
432 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 CMttonul— Ton Nnvrrf . 
 
 ftppaalt, to Hlfh Coart. 32 
 to Court of Appeil, 32 
 in Dntftrio eu*t, 3'J 
 under Liquor LteaoM Aet, 33 
 in Kid of hftbvAt eorpus (m« halMU eorpui), 49 
 
 form o( order for, 40, 90 
 not nMeiHry In Kid of okm itKtod, 05, 109 
 
 Okuc* *' V^*"* ^ BMrlBff 
 
 on prelimlnKry enqulrin by juatieiM, 234 
 OkKllMg* 
 
 to flgbt K da«lr :i99 
 
 to engage in prixe light, 384 
 
 OkKnetw 
 
 of witnesi— eroM-ezKtnlDKtlon ki to, 109 
 
 ChKTfM 
 
 forms of (iee Hynopiii of Offences), 329 et neq. 
 
 requliitei of formi ( -ee Deiorlption of Offence), 249, 322. 41H 
 
 OhMtlBf at PUy, 344 
 
 CkMM 
 
 adulteration of, 333 
 
 Act respeoting branding of, 404 
 
 ChUaUrth 
 
 neglect to obtain aHiatanoe in, 349 
 CUldres (see Infante) 
 
 corroboration of their evidence, 114 
 
 how and when evidence admiealble, 227 
 
 femKle« not to be tent to plKoee provided for pauperit, 28H 
 
 abandonment of, 329 
 
 BteKling (aee Abduotion), 327 
 
 evidenoe of, in ckhh of seduction, 393 
 
 (aee also Neglected and Dependent Children), 327 
 
 CUUna'i Aid loeUtr 
 
 (see Juvenile Offenders), 298-308 
 
 (see Neglected or Dependent Children), 309-321 
 
 ClwUiig 
 
 or attempting to choke or strangle or suffocate, 332 
 CivU FiMMdiaffi 
 
 practice in, not applicable to criminal matters, 2 
 
 as to evidence— when applicable to ^ri-^i'nal proeeedingfi, 131 
 
 when based on criminal proceedin^ij, pro incial laws of evidence 
 
 ftppiy* 131 
 dTUSerraati 
 
 theft by, 396 
 Claim of Bight (see Right: Mens Bea). 154-ir)8, 1S9-162 
 
 no defence for offences against tiie peace (nee Riot), 391 
 Cle^ymon 
 
 obstructing whilst oflSciatinic, 345 
 
 violence to, while offlciating, 345 
 
Owk 
 
 •NOM. 
 
 ••rtlDeata or, u lo i,«» 
 »iuri„ to b. a^, ,„ ,^;| 
 
 •"w-pii, keepi„„, aaa 
 
 "•*• (>•• Crlnii,,,! Cod,) 
 Mufi 
 
 te:o:ir;r;--„, 
 
 •» ex.mli,, ,lt„.„ „,Trr, '"• "llneiM.) 
 
 ■lotics „ ,„«;■„„ ,^ . 
 
 "In... .M^e" ty"'""'y "1. lili 
 ftffldavit for *»iH"" 
 
 iToviMon, ,ake„ „ ^o S«:-.. 
 form of, 21'0 
 
 Rinendmeiit of nn hoi ' ""- ■*<' ' 
 
 'or non-pa^ "l-ol'^'T. ora-l^.f'/;. ™^ 
 warrant of, «■> "PP«"I. W 
 
 Of' w!.'r.";^f™i;»"t-:',:r"' - -"-^ >■•>-. .m 
 
 wiero two or more fn. ! 7™ O' '" niisivi.,, :;!i,' "" 
 
 'or trial, eon.e„°r "m '"" ""' ""«' ""i JiwRre, -.■,4 
 
 w««'nTo?,';.^J'"''""""'^ ex.»,„.„o„, ,,,5, ,,„ ' 
 
 form of warrant, 237 
 
 ;r;^if^" ^^:^s.?i?;r^ "'^ ^' --'^^ " -- .0 „ao, i„ 
 
 "tal of accused after, L'37 
 2>'— JS. 
 
 433 
 
MraoCOTY tBOLUTKm TRT CHART 
 
 (ANSI ar>d ISO TEST CHART No. 3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 LiM23 I2S 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 I.I 
 
 l^ 1^ 
 
 11.8 
 
 ^ APPLIED irvUGE li 
 
 ^^^ 16M Cojt Main Strwl 
 ^^ [716] ;U~ 59B9 - Fa> 
 
4:U 
 
 Commitment CiotlniHetl. 
 
 l'..Miis of wiirranta of, ^70 
 
 wainint of ill default of miretieH to keep the penoe, '!,*> 
 
 must Hx postB inuliidinK poiiveyiiig to giiol, liT(J 
 
 by whom to be issued, l!7(i 
 
 eofits of execution of, 2hO 
 
 must ulit'W jurisdietion on its fiu'«, 284 
 
 where conviction only authorized on plea of " puilty, 184 
 ofiuvciiik' oiTemlera (see Jiivt-iiile Otfenders), liOS-SOS 
 
 Common Aiiault (xee Assault), IKttJ 
 
 Common Proititnte (see Disorderly Coiiduet), It'iU 
 
 CommnnicatiiiB Information 
 
 acquiriMl by holiling otliee, 1140 
 Compensation 
 
 awiiid of, in addition or in lieu of fine or [uiprisonment, 27J 
 
 imprisonment in defiiult of payment of. i!74 
 
 when hiiril labour may be awarded in default of, liSii 
 
 award of, in cases of juvenile ofTenders (see Juvenile Otlenders), 
 296, 297 
 Competency of Witnewo* (see Evidence, Witne«ses) 
 
 those eomi-etenl and incompetent to give evidence, lOG 
 
 husl-and and wife, 107 
 
 prisoner ni'-ier nentenee of death, 106 
 
 idiots and lunatics, deaf mutes, etc., lOG 
 
 acpomplices, HHi 114 
 
 children, 114 
 
 Complaint (.see Information) 
 Compiomite (see Compounding Offences) 
 
 wliat cases may and what may not be subject of, 281 
 
 Compounding Offencei 
 
 cases which may be settled, 281 
 who may be RUilty of offence of. 281 
 penalty for, 346 
 
 Compoliion (see Infant, Married Women) 
 
 as defence in criminal prosecutions, 163, 165 
 
 Concealment 
 
 of dead body of child, 345 „ .» . . ^ 
 
 of incumbrances by soller or mortgagor (see Fraudulent Con- 
 cealment), 368 
 of property to defraud creditors, 367 
 
 Coafeiiioni (see Evidence) 
 
 when and under what circumstances admissible, 119, 120, 121 
 
 prounds of exclusion of, 120, 121, 123 
 
 made to mere strangers receivable, 122 
 
 to officers and persons in authority, 122 
 
 after accusation, requisites of. 123 
 
 instances of cases when receivable, 123 
 
 what inducement held to exclude, 123. 124 
 
 of informer in expectation of being King's evidence, 1L4 
 
■' I"'i'*oiie 
 
 ConfflMiom-rv,,,/,.,,,,,,, 
 
 err""'""""""-'- 
 
 43.5 
 
 i, 120 
 
 """'•lit), 27-1, Ml 
 
 '"'■^""""■J-I'i'"..™!, .Vi„i„„„f ,, . 
 
 '" ™""-t,„.,;,r;, i°';»»."' "' "-"iverl, ,s,.,84 
 
 ■IM.i.e lo l,e Kivi.„ b, ,",?7. '" B"' JnHali.' 
 -as-s, -sV • ■'""''' '"• "'"Kislral, 
 
 ;r:^:i™:i°:;^-f-=f proceed;,,,,, ,S4 
 
 not i»-ces»„rvto„iv 
 se*. aj-- ■■ ■ 
 
 '"■1. -'82, 2S3, 
 to acTused ii 
 
 o.n««t ., w.i,„ ,„„ „.„.,.; '"" "' '"f-"-'-), :>22, MS ;, 
 
 ■cannot l,e jH-e , „",. ' n"'"'.'' »"»"»'•'! ttiav oonfer iso 
 1«. 184 '''«"■""• ol'Jeotio,, dM^eJto a„„„„, 
 CoMolidated Bale. ■>')• ""-1S4 
 
 !o5:Sat5""4!-"'''"»'"^°ff-°«,34r 
 
 CoMrtbl. (see Peace Office,,) 
 
 protection of, ZlZulu "■'''■ '"'' 
 
 duty of, i„ ,.„- :;»,^^' •,-»«», „„ ,„,,,^ ,„3 
 
 Without warrant igy 
 -«™of.opro,ec„.io„,„,en„ 
 
 182, 
 
43B i.NutA. 
 
 right of Marcli under Act respectluK, 1H9 
 
 Contfinpt 
 
 [n disobedience to hnbeos corpus, 44 
 
 o( court, powers o( justices nnd mnsiisirutcs to commit for. 1 .(.- 178 
 
 wbat constitutes, 177, 178 
 
 committal for, 178 
 
 warrant of committal, 180 
 
 poW'fB of coroners as to, 17y 
 of witness in disobedience of summons (see Witnesses). -UJ 
 
 ■jrocedure on, 1!U9, 210 
 
 Contract 
 
 criminal breaches of, 41.'i , „ ., , .,^,. 
 
 by or aSecting railways (see Hallways), .Iho 
 
 Conviotion 
 
 removal of by certiorari (see Certiorari), 1 
 
 motion to quash, l'.i 
 
 refusal to quash, proceedings on, 18 
 
 grounds for quashing, M-3i; 
 
 when valid or invalid on Its face, JO-.J _. 
 
 for absence or excess of jurisdiction, 21, 1.1,-4. -> ., 
 
 court will not review justice's decision on the men s, -u, -J 
 dtstinXion between appealable and non-ap,.ealaMe cases, 
 
 for awarding ciccssive or improper punishment, -JB-S'J 
 amendment of, on certiorari, 28, 30, 31, 32, '-84 
 when invalid tor not being under seal, .11 
 when improper penalty or costs awarded, .10, .11 
 validity of may be argued on motion for certiorari. 1 
 removal of by habeas corpus ( see Habeas Corpus . .1.1 
 Ippell from, to the General Sessions under Dominion laws, bK 
 transmission of to court appealed to, ,3 
 procedure on (see Appeal), 74-79 
 enforcement of after appeal, 78-82 ,„„.„. 
 
 from magistrate under part o.. of C""!"""'':'' t',?'" ^ „., 
 when made by two justices under section •«""'<,''•":; ■•'' 
 by way of case stated by justices (see Case fclated) ^.l 
 
 by magistrate, 9.) ..,.., ,,a 
 
 to county judge under provincial statutes, J8 
 to General Sessions under Ontario laws, 10 
 enforcement of after decision on case stated, 94 
 appeal to county judj;e, 101 
 appeal to General Sessions, 103 
 against oorporotions, how enforced, 2ali 
 recital of territorial jurisdiction in, conclusive 1.1. 
 Invalidity of, for charging severa. otfences, -M, -Ji 
 waiver of objections to. '.*^C ^_ 
 
 for uncertainty in descril euce, -.il 
 
 necessity of regularity of ., '-50--OJ 
 
 presence of accused as an esse '""i "' ., „, „,,„,„..,i ..-,•, 
 iannot be made for different offence than that cliarBed. ...J 
 in absence of defendant after adjournment, .1)4 
 against one whom justice has chanced to hnd m Ins pn 
 
 mav brmade'out in lieu of a minute of a.ljujicntion. 204 
 "unamended information after adjournment for adjndiciition. .1.4 
 
INIIKX. 
 
 C«n»iotion-r„„„ ,,. 
 
 ='r:^r;fi;^«£!r,,ji":"— ■- 
 -:::;:::::::r:■■'•""■'"™■^'^"^^-'--.« 
 
 offenofs bv, ;{.->■' 
 Cp;"""-' """^^ '^''°" "P''»«- Of .e„,e„«e, » 
 
 "fJepositions, who entitled to, Ml 
 fen tlieri-for, 241 ' " 
 
 Corporatioiu 
 
 "iminal liability of, 11)2. ■.je 
 
 ™""""""»S«i.,st,l,ow'e„f-oW:id'i-,G 
 
 prohibited from"c,i,'ra8 iu-S T'n''^'^''''^ ""'"«■'»». '29 
 
 •JitJ' Of. after arrest,' SO:* 
 Corroboratioa 
 
 "''*'r.l*^T* °f ^^^^omplk-es, ]I3 
 in other onsf.^. 114 
 of ohildi-en, II4 
 ^^_^^ in ease, of sednetion. or demen,ent of women, 394 
 
 "n certiorari (Bee Certiorari) 17 H 
 
 habeas eorpus (see Habeas c'ornns) 49 
 S,.H ""'"/»"• '''Okibition). M ' 
 mnndamns (see Mandamus) '64 
 on appeal (see Appeal), 77 7<] 
 how determined, 7y 
 
 o-a.ej;st;!;ttr^nr-»'- 
 
 prov,.o„,empowerin, justiee. and magistrates .0 .w.„, ^es, 418 
 
 437 
 
438 
 
 IS HEX. 
 
 . 'JtUi 
 
 §— Continued. 
 
 allowed to .iiiBtieeB, witneHses and coiiBtablf 
 wlien exceBBive, effect of. 20H 
 »a,M io which jurtice. may and m.y not «««rd, -M, .0, 
 how imymeiit ot, ontoreed, 2li6, ..cii 
 of di.mUs.1, wh»n no penalty imvo.«d, 207, "M 
 diltroM warrant for, form of, L(i« 
 on conviction, order to pay to informant, .08 
 of distress, 279 n„j. 
 
 S; i;;:;Sr ^;T'J;:=° "r^n^Iration of indic,a.„e 
 offences, 28.> 
 liow same recoverable, ^80 
 
 Satw atS in'Stion to, „, In iien of other pename. 2H0 
 when hard l.bonr may be award .n default of payment. .» 
 in addition to line and imprisonment, .»» 
 
 230 
 
 CohhhI or lolioitoT 
 
 commnnlcatlon. made to, when privileged, 126, 127, 
 
 ri«ht of justice to exclude for 'tuP'oP'"'?' ''".„„„,„ o,.u 
 
 right of Jrosa-eiamlnation by, on prel.minnry enquiry, -S 
 
 to sum up case on preliminary enquiry, .J4 
 
 of defendant to, on summary trial, .61 
 on examination of witness on '.'"<"^"f.''}''--,-,^„..,.;^^, oo; 
 opportunity of cross-eiamination, validity of depositions. 
 
 Ooimtnftittaif 
 
 money, dealing In, or Importing, 347 
 manufacture of, 347 
 exportation of, 348 
 making or dealing In, 350 
 making instruments for, 349 
 bringing instruments into Canada, .<*' 
 clipping or defacing coins, 349 
 possessing clippings, 349 
 possession of coining tools, rf48 
 offences respecting foreign coins, .iou 
 uttering, 3.50. 351 ., 
 
 advertising, purchasing or negotiating for, S.'.l 
 evidence in coinage offences, da. 
 
 proseontlons for advertising, J»- 
 definitionsof terms, 352 
 search warrants, 352 
 revenue stamps, 352 
 public seals, or seals of courts, 36- 
 
 Coonty Indge 
 
 S^d'mirbe*ffi:S'l'y! it i» gao' '"' "'■" °' --"=•' "■'' 
 
 Court ot General aeidons 
 
 mandamus to, (see Mandamu.), 64 
 nowers of- on appeal see Appeal), I** 
 ;ppeI?to, iJ^der Dominion laws (see Appeal), 69 
 under Ontario laws, 102 
 
IXttE.X. 
 
 Conru 
 
 Creditor! 
 
 JefraiiiiUiB (see Fraud), .167 im 
 Crime 
 
 Crii J Ood« 
 
 , .. to limit., „V„,';ir,'i"„f''''?''',''fi«l I"-". 08 
 
 CriBill.1 InUM (8„ Men, Hea), 15!).loo 
 Cri»iMl MMtUT,, „ha. are, 32, 53 ' 
 
 """ "t^T" """"•"" '" '° "- ".» »..». .. Kior. ti,. 
 CH»l«.l B«p„.ilmi„ (,,, Manalaughter) 
 Cropt 
 
 ■etting and altemptiag ,„ ,« fire to, 364 
 Oro».Iomiii.tioii (.ee Kridence) 
 
 a. .„ previoL oZ"ieTioi'a°l ?""■""' ""• 
 of adverse w.tneaa, 11(1 
 ....radictn^ „itj.ee. „„, b, depo.i.i„„e in previous e„.i„a. 
 
 Crtwa Attoniaj 
 
 d„.„Ment..ndpr„ceeding,.„be,en..„,onpre,in.i„arve„,ni„,.,4, 
 Om.It,t.lBimale(eee Animals), 333, 334 
 CalpaUeHejligeiee (see Negleet) 
 
 causing death (see Manslaughter), 376, 382 
 <!tmij (see Imprisonment) 
 
 ^o.^.ns a. to juvenile o.end^r't^i •/;;-? offenders,, ,„ 
 iofraetions of, 404 
 
 439 
 
440 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 9>man l-fc hijurie., Wilful IXniaRe) 
 
 rb,-.km« aoor., «l..dow., wall", '"""'. •"■■ <«"' "i«""l"H' 
 
 ('ouauot),3M 
 i-auHinK, by ui« of explofivei, 'MM 
 
 di.cliarire of defeiiJont on .atl.factioii of, 2110 
 a«M,l of impri.oiin.eiit In d.f.ull of payment of, 2,4 
 
 SwlBodiM 
 
 miHContluct renpectiug, :i.')a 
 
 Dtaf MitM 
 
 compitent to aive evidence, lOfl 
 manner of takhiB evidence of, iia 
 Death (see Momipide) ^ . 
 
 of proMCutor, effect of, on application for certiorari. 19 
 
 does not aliate proceeding!, 2411 , ,, .. 
 
 of wltnesn. procedure on appeal in case of, 74, ..) 
 of renpondent, on appeal, 114 „i,„... ind 
 
 prisoner under sentence of, incompetent a« witne... 11* 
 responsibility for, throuftli force In naking arrest, .0. 
 causing by neglect to perform B legal duty, JO- 
 DsellioD (see Adjudication) 
 
 of justice on summary trial, 264, 26.'> 
 where case beard by two or more justices, .li.i 
 when bench equally divided, 2tJ5 
 De Paflto lostioet (see Justices of the Peace) 
 when acts of not revealed, 13(i 
 
 Dafkeing 
 
 brandH nn cattle, ;H)7, 398 
 DcfMiatory Libel (see Libel), 353 
 
 .(tortion by means of (see Extortion), 353 
 
 De-inlt 
 
 of attendance by accused, procedure on, 19- 
 
 warrant for arrest on, 193 , . , ., „„, 
 
 of accused to attend on remand and bail, -0( 
 
 of attendance by accused on summary trial, -.ii •-oi' 
 
 of attendance by prosecutor, procedure on, -.>u 
 
 DtlMti 
 
 in conviction cured by statute, 25, 26 _ 
 
 in substance or form not allowed without objection, ,1., -o5 
 
 in information and process, waiver of, ,:»., -m 
 
 DefinM .,„T 
 
 evidence tor, taking of on preliminary enquiry, -JJ 
 question as to, to be put by justice to accused, -U 
 what evidence receivable, 233 
 evidence in reply, 233, 262 
 evidence tor, on summary trials by justice, 2bl 
 
 effect of refusal to hear, 261 
 
 taking down, 262 
 IKfeiisd Sratmoa „.. 
 
 when defendant may be bound over to appear for, .69, -.u 
 
IXIIKX. 
 
 D.fr..dln,cr.to.r. ,,..,. Kr„,.,l,, :„,:,,„,, 
 Oclirinoi Tr^maai 
 
 "■•t».-o„„„iital,i„J,r. „„teri,„i„«l. 
 BtUwrMm. W.nuit of 
 
 »n iiJrai.,i„n to i,„ii („„ Uiiili, : 
 
 441 
 
 "' '"'^'i^- " -''•'"- - ".■.>•»' Ton. ...„., , .„,„,,,„„ 
 
 tf.|lii,ite, „f, lua 
 ..Mm, ,„m|,„| i„ ,„^^ 
 
 proof Of. ''i,„„.":j',;:!'7.;;;"»' «««m.' »it..e... i:w. „,, 
 
 °" TrS'ri^'"' -''•■"l-'tl''" Of ..i.„e,., 2,„ 
 proof of. J-'i 
 
 form of, 227 
 certificiitt of juatice at t-,,,1 of ■'■'■1 
 ■llmnturp of Kitlifss "..4 ...,-,—' 
 
 tT„::,j;"„^,rb° ::;:::, -s-f ""' '»•■'-»»' e,a,„ine„. ,,, 
 
 form, of ojtli» and offipmltio.i, ■.■•5 
 
 n"«.v lie taken donn liv JuHth'e.' ,."i;,i, 
 
 oath of stenoRrapher •.■.7 ''"''' °' "'"""erapl.er, 227 
 
 •fflilavit of stenOKrapiiep ""7 
 
 oopies of, «|,o entitled to, 'Ml 
 
 fees p.iyable for, 241 
 to be Bent to oio»n attorney, 241 
 
 " c1l,.i?e,nr»'""^' '="■•"'"■« -«'-'eO or dep.,.den. 
 
 "^P""" (see Security) 
 
 wl.1, i-Hee. i,.^,ie„ of reeognUanee. on appeal nnde. Criminal 
 
 l>«Wptioii of Offmo. (see Convietion) 
 
 u'dZ'Z"""' '",'"'0'i»°" ""ist l,e negatived ll" 
 need not be in words of statnte h„t iF ^^ a , . 
 
 cient. 24!). a'>" 41s ' ^"' '' '" ''escribe^' ,i|l |,e ,„„. 
 uncertainty in, effect of, ".^l 
 
 '"' ""ctte, ;;',!S.V"l«"^"°^''" °' »"'""" '0' 'orm. of 
 
U-2 
 
 INI»KX. 
 
 SlKkurf* 
 
 i)f prlnoner, on babfRirOt; -j, 44-47 
 
 on prelimiiiiirj ei qulry do** not bar frpih prowpiition, L';i4 
 
 of accuHed, on dintnliiial of caie, 'SM 
 
 of prisoner on payment, 'JHl 
 DlMbarfflBg TlrMrau (sve IXioMerly Conduct), il^itl 
 DlwTttlMarr ?0W«n 
 
 fif conrti, bow to he ezercUed (ie« Mandamue), 00-04 
 
 mandumni to compel exen-iie of, 61 
 
 OiMblUty 
 
 to oommlt crime, pemona under, 163 
 DUafTMmnt 
 
 of benflli, when two or more Juatice* officiate, UIM, 2tl.'i 
 DUpodtloB ef Caw (see Adjudication) 
 
 on preliminary enquirv, -35 
 
 on summary trial by juatioea, 264 
 
 OD summary trial by maglslrate, 284, 288 
 
 Oinniaial 
 
 of comptaiot on preliminary enquiry, 335 
 accused to be discharged on, 2'Mi 
 
 without Issuing summons or process, 251 
 
 of charge when offence trifling, 2(10 
 
 when prosecutor may be bound over upon, 238 
 
 certiflcate of, to be given to defendant, IRU, 154 
 
 effect of such certifloate, 154 
 
 of a charge barn subsequent proceedings for same offence. 1;>4. 20.i 
 
 what Bufflcient proof of, 153 
 
 of juvenile offenders (see Juvenile Offenders) , 295 
 certificate of, 29S 
 BiaebedieBoe 
 
 to atatnte, bow punishable, 130, 131 
 Diiordarty CoBdnet 
 
 various offences, constituting, 356 
 
 shouting, screaming or singing on or near a street, 394 
 
 Ihserdtrly HooM 
 
 offence of keeping, 354 
 
 what deemed to be, 354 
 
 who deemed to be keeper of, 354 
 
 jurisdiction of magistrate to try offence, 354 
 
 definitions respecting, 354 
 
 right of offlcera to search, 188, 354 
 
 common gaming houses, 354, 355 
 
 evidence as to character, 355 
 
 DitqaaUAoatioB of Jtutieas (see Ouater) 
 by interest, or relationship, 141 
 by bias or likelihood of bias, 142 
 iSundays and holidays, 146 
 limitation of time for prosecution, 147 
 prior adjudication (see Res Adjudicata), 150 
 title to land or claim of right, 154 
 mens rea (see MensRea), 159 
 
=2^E?:^rij^L^.:K-,„ .,. 
 
 '"'"' J""""« l»"Uiii(( .umnrou., nr, 
 *•■••. how RiKnaurftl, Mill, Kci 
 
 «««»<« r-M-m,. i. c«„ ,„. ,.„, ,™„„, ,:„, ,;„ 
 
 """*"•"••" "i-"rJ-rly .-OM,,,.!), :i.-,6 
 SbttM 
 
 '•"""' »'■ '"' ""t- of .p|„.,|, „, 
 °'«omrnltmMiif„,,,i,„,' m 
 
 lc"r."j',,'!/r°''"""' •"•■"'■■■""■=-' 
 
 l>y wliom to be, l„uej .tu 
 requliilea of, l'Tb 
 when to be awardtiil ■r^ 
 
 Ij'"!"""' '" J"'""!! of -ri 
 
 •Mmptloiii, :.77 "'"J.-" 
 
 ■eiiu.e and sale of gooiU, ■'-; 
 
 inventory ol g„„d,, j;^ 
 
 appralaenient, l>7fi 
 
 notioe of Hale. 1.178 
 
 «on»t«lile', feei, 2711 
 releaae of defendant on payment "70 
 when good. ln.umoieni,'a7^°'""' -'" 
 
 jnrWIctlon of, on .iimmary Itial,, 282 
 ™«"biiif ?ubU. Wmu,, 353 
 Oiatnylay 
 
 or falsifying regi.ters of birth, ete im 
 book, to defraud creditor, "Ss' '"' '" 
 doeument, <,; title to goodi or land., 397 
 
 bow proved, 112 
 
 munieipal by-law, 112 
 
 proclamation, and order, of irovernm.nf 11.. 
 
 xVmlBioi lutntM 
 
 female, with intent, 355 
 
 4M 
 
INIitX. 
 
 Oniff* 
 
 idruliiiri'ariitR to |irc)i-tirii nlu>rll<>ii, :i'.".>, H'JU 
 
 tvUti iiitwrit III ffoiiiiitit nil iiitlietftl'U olT«tift>, J.'tl 
 
 iKliilti'iuiiixi >if, :i:i:i 
 
 iilT.rlni; for Niitf, or HilverlUiiiK lo iirotMirv »l'ortlon, 3i:i 
 DrinkMiMt (nvf hl-nrilfrly CondiiPt) 
 nn Mi usfii-r fur crlliiH, Ui.'i 
 no offfin-ff, iiiiU-n Mtfi*oiii)>iutli'd t'y ilUorilt riy rnntliicl, 3,*»fl 
 
 Dntt 
 
 rbftllvngs to fliflit, :i.Vi 
 
 D«ty 
 
 HtRtfnienti> msde by ilt>rt>iitC(l |i«riioni in iierformnnc* of, IID 
 
 of jiittlPtti 111 tftklnir tlvpoiitloiii, L^J.I 
 on rfovlTinit inforiuallun, 'i^\ 
 Dyiaf DMlftntUu 
 
 wUeii AilmiHHlblit in t>vi(li-nce, US 
 
 rf<|iii«itfH of, 11.'^, 110 
 
 Hepomlary 4>videnri- of, wli*>n ndmlitlble, IIH 
 
 of ni'Ootiiplic^H, 117 
 
 form aiiil niftniifr of InkinfT, 117, IIH 
 
 mny lif fxtplained or oontrRilirtvd, IIH 
 
 liilty of jiiittce, R« to rccpption of, IIH 
 
 Htiitfni(>ntii liy ()«>oeaHed p«nH>nii mnde while iu performanee of 
 duty. Ill) 
 im to Htate of bealtli, lit) 
 UCStlOM 
 
 iiioiHiiltH witliiti two nileH of place of holding, 3'.7 
 
 offeiiPfR N'upifctniir document*, Itallol poll liook*, etc., :'57 
 
 tlii-ft of dopDnxMitit relathift to, 39H 
 ImbMslamrat I nev Thf f t ) , 4l>-_> 
 Imbnmry (Nee Bribery). 341) 
 Indangtrlnf lift 
 
 l>y iiJniinirtterhif; poison, ^3:2 
 IndorMBntt (nee Hacking Wnrrants) 
 
 on wiirrant for execution out of county, IV^t 
 latldnf to DMtrt (aee Mounted Police), :i7S 
 
 IntriM 
 
 fiilBifyiiiB in public retiiBters, 307 
 
 In bookn of iipcount, etc., by clerks, 302 
 
 of trunafera of iihares tn stock, 307 
 latri' ud Dfftainar, 305, 300 
 IteapM asd B«nii« 
 
 of juvenile olfeuderH, liow punishable, 307 
 breakini; or attempts to break prison, 357, 3r>S 
 espapinR from eimtody, 3')8 
 peace ofHcen voluntarily permittin;;, 3>'iS 
 
 permitting by nefilect, ',\bd 
 aiding and abetting, 3<')!l 
 
 unlawfully procuring prisoner's diacliarjj;*, 350 
 convicts beinK at large before expiration of sentence, 339 
 prittoiiers of war. assistinK escape of, 359 
 piiniahment of eiicaped prisoners, 35t) 
 
IVIItX. 
 
 |.ru«...|„ri-..i,. liil, J1J7 
 
 ■•Mmm 
 
 lin|.M|i,rr«v|,ii„„„,,„j,.,.,. . , 
 
 ;•"! r.ftl..l to I,,., «1,„;... i" ,V,, ""t "I'l.J.il ..( ,„|,,„„ 
 
 l"i»li«nJ ai,,! ,ir,., 1,17 ' 
 
 ;nS;;;«:;:;;;z,ir':izr" '-""r^" '-• "■■• i- 
 
 pfl^iSSr'ir 
 
 ;3H=SS^i» 
 
 Er'^r/i'^ri"""''!""- "i.-. , 
 
 445 
 
 inforniHr iim i„„„„i ,„ ,,|,^|,,^ 
 
 . HI 
 "C inri.rrii(iii.,ii. Ml 
 
 mimlH|.,n.)-.|„,,, II" ■ 
 
 • -rol„,..|„„, ,|„„ „ ;,'i,;.^,^ ."....,1,1,. 11.-, 
 •■vul„„.. „f ,.|,i|,|,^,', m' 
 «llinci«iif>y of, . 14 
 
 '"'•^^r^r^/ttr-iii^ '■-■'-■■-- >■"•■' 
 
 "■.•y.1. .I.,„|„ |,y |„„,„„ ,|„^„,^,| , 
 
 "l.^n ri,f,lvnl,le. 119, l"i, |..j 
 KTOiimU for f x,.|,i»ini, of 'p'h.io., 
 n-niovnl of in.lucni.^iit l-f |',r, 
 """■ "' P'rao' nf vnllililv o'f'nF,' |.,| 
 "I.™ ii.»de to ,. ,t,,„™, ,..., • '-' 
 to per.oii«ii. «.m.orily. l"-,"' 
 
 ...•I.loemui.t. wl,i,.|, will ,,,,,1 ',|r,' '-.'• '- . 
 
 t'y Pr,Noi,ep to niiottifr 1"4 ' " 
 "■»".''" in pp.'«oiifp-, „„■„„.,. ,.,. 
 
 'i'l<-Krnph compi,Lie>. IL'7 ' " ' " 
 o«..k« nnd tliflr ciialonirn 1>7 
 patient and plivalciaii, ]■'« ' 
 
448 iJ*i»EX. 
 
 depoaitioiis of accused on a prior examination, I'iS 
 
 when admiaMlble, IM , _ 
 
 effect of provisions as to incrinjinatiug questionH, l-M, i-w 
 claim of privilege, when to be made, 120 
 how proved, 1311 
 
 miiy be read to coiitradiflt witness, l-W 
 
 pio'ot ot identity of witness, 1:hi . • , , ^„ i-io i-m 
 
 how regulated under Dominion and provincial laws, UO, IJl 
 taken on commission (see Commission). "Jli*, -•18 
 of witness ill priaon, how obtained, 217,1.18 
 
 depositions taken on a former trial of accused on the same 
 charge, 222 
 requisites of, 222, 22,T 
 form of caption and heading of, •—i, —» 
 admissibility of. at common law, 224 ^ 
 
 mode of taking by justice on preliminary enquiry, — D 
 presence of accused, 225 
 witness must be aworn, 225 
 forms of oaths and affirmations, 22ii 
 absence "f religious belief, 22(i 
 deaf muU-. 226 
 interpreters, 22G 
 children, 227 
 
 by justice's clerk or stenographer, — i 
 oath and affirmation of stenographer, '-27 
 affidavit o! stenographer, 228 
 what part of deposition to be taken down, —K 
 examination and cross-examination of witnesses, „8 
 must be read to witness, 228 
 making corrections in, 228 
 
 anvone present may be called as a witness, 29 
 refusal of witness to be sworn or to answer, „«. -JU 
 warning to accused, 230 
 statement of accused, 230 _ 
 
 statements of accused during trial, -o- 
 for defence, procedure as to, 233 
 certificate of justice at foot of. 233 
 of prosecutor on summary trial, -61 
 of defence on summary trisl, 261, 26_ 
 procedure in taking down in such case. -t*J 
 
 « t'o'a'^; ?»'„•.'« of .ed»»tio. or »t.ea,pt. to .educe women. 392, 
 
 393 
 burden of proof in such eases, 392 
 corroboration required in such cases. 394 
 
 Xxamlnatioii of Aoeaied (see Preliminary Enquiry) 
 accused may waive right to, 233 
 
 Examination, CompetitiTS 
 
 on qualifying, perst ation in, 383 
 
 Exceptioni and eonditioni 
 
 when not neceasarj- to negative in conviction 111 
 
 how to be stated in description of offence. HI , . „. 
 
 conviction invalid for not negativing, will be amended, -5 
 
 Ezeesi of Jaiiidiction (see Jurisdiction), 26, 28 
 
 l^s^^H 
 
INDEX. 
 
 447 
 
 -'•H, 23ri 
 
 Sxelaiion 
 
 ,"'."■'"1-' ilnmnge, 3iin 
 
 «"e,„|^,-,„7»",aBe M^^" """ '■"•i")' ta™ by, 360 
 "■"I'lMivp.. Jetinitlo,, of, .-lii,, 
 
 Xstortioo 
 
 .leeiisitig of ennie, ;(GI 
 ■>> threats (see Thrpni-H. Ti . . 
 
 I'.v olerks, servants or official,, sc," 
 
 ;','"*«™''"(.eeAcou,alio„) 34(i 
 '•lie Bwik Katarofc .-102 '' " 
 
 P«lM BirtdBud Wamuin, 
 
 issuing, 3(i7 
 F«lie Entrin 
 
 publication of, 3G2 
 P«I» PretmoM (see Tlieft) 
 
 o....,n..^.tio„„f.,J„„,-;vS.Ue.e„uci.,b.„..„. 
 Obtaining passage ticliet bv, 363 
 PtlM Frospectlu 
 
 tlie issuing of, 302 
 
 IZZZ:"" °' '"' ^""— "'. ^«^. 371, 40. 
 
 i?-PuSoSS"'^"°''^"'» 
 
448 INDEJ 
 
 FtlH Trtifrann (nee Telegrams), 36:t 
 
 FftliUJinff 
 
 public doouments, regi»l 
 
 books, etc., 367 
 
 of JHKticen, what allowed, ' 4, 'J65, 26(J 
 
 (or copy of depoHitiouB, 1141 
 
 on cRse being stated by him, 104 
 of constables {see Coustabie), 266, 279 
 to witnesses (see Wilnessen), 266 
 of seizure and sale under distress warrant, -iJ 
 
 Teigsed M»ni»gM (see Marriage), 376, 477 
 
 enticed into houses of ill-fame, right of search for. 1S8, 393 
 
 information in such cases by whom laid, 188 
 
 nrocedure on person being found, 188 
 
 Jommittul of. to house of refuge by magistrates in citie,, _8H 
 
 children not to be seut to places for adult paupers, -HS 
 
 abduction of (see Abduction), 326 
 
 indecent assnulta on, 336 
 
 conspiracy to defile, 347, 393 ,. 
 
 drugging with intent to hare carnal connection with, .15.. 
 
 seduction and defilement of, 392-3114 
 
 evidence as to age of, 392 
 
 corroborative evidence required, .J04 
 
 Fenoei, Ottes, Etc. 
 
 Theft of, 402 
 Fertilixen 
 
 adulteration of, 333 
 
 Figbting 
 
 ill public streets or highway (see Affray), 333 
 
 Fines (see Penalties) 
 
 and imprisonment, when provided for, 271 _ 
 
 when not provided for by statute relating to offence. -. I 
 when to be paid, 272 
 part payment, effect of, 2('- 
 
 :;kV°'be°n\v"rdJd i"ieu or in addition to i„.pri,o.n,e„t for u.diH- 
 
 able offences, 28*, 418 „.,™-._* 
 
 additicnl imprisonmen' n,»y be awarded ni defiiult ot payment, 
 
 received "by JMtioeB and maBi.trate!. disposition ot ::S9. =90 
 in cases ot juvenile offenders (see Jnven.le Olteiulers) -It.., -911 
 
 Fir«»rmi 
 
 disohnrBinc (see Disorderly Condnet). 3j)6 
 
 carryinK or beini! in possession of (see Weapons), 4n.i-lll. 
 
 selling to minors, 407 
 Fin 
 
 illepral nse of (see Arson), :)64 
 attempted arson, 3()4 
 
 setting or attemptinR to set Are to crops, 304 
 
 recklessly or m.lawfully setting fire to forest., etc., 3G4 
 
 threats to burn, 3G5 
 
INDEX. ^^ 
 
 steuJing, :m 
 
 »"l"i« thing, „„„,,■. 
 'era* 
 
 Porcibl. Entry 
 
 Of detainer, 36,-, 
 fereif]i«r 
 
 f'ntario statute «*»t=«j- 
 
 , „ , '•.>,,;"V'°''""'' J-'i-iictio,, of ,„aBi,„.,e ,„ „,, 
 
 fnlsiffin„ M- ''""""■ems, •1(17 
 ^ '"redbyBt«.„,e,ffi,26,70,25.. ..5., ,,, 
 
 '.««. um^ , J ;::i^.r "r"""™ " ""'--'• ^'-^ -=• «" 
 
 Offences against, a67 
 Traad 
 
 destroying doe„tt,eot"K°Je .^^ '"'^'"'^ '.^'^ ""i«. 368 
 
 77a\ii„'-""-"r r%rroi-y„r .r .„„ „, 
 - - E':^tra.sj;7Sr ,^- - f--««, 3. 
 iro^-T--.:,: ^'"'"" "'-"-- 
 
 'alM warehouse receipt,. S 
 
 "-Ptng stray cattle, or defacing brand, .hereon, 397 
 
INDEX. 
 
 450 
 
 n.rfd»tO«.»1»»« (.ee y^'^"^^ „g„i™iion of till.-. MO 
 art, or eonceulme.it. m re.pect 01 * 
 theft by, 40(1 
 
 wlmt deemfci to lie, lin 
 
 °"^o„,uppo,UnBMm.=.fby.»57 
 
 in publie coiivcyoiice», J'" 
 °"t?ingb, (.ee DUorferly Conduct), 354, 370 
 
 in stookH, etc., 370 
 tr.quentiog bucket sbope, .1,0 
 
 evidence ond burden ot prool, 3...>, 
 
 QuBiaft HooM* . „., 
 
 rinht ot searcli ot, 188, 3u4, .la 
 
 ,bat is, 188, 354 
 
 BTidence us to chumcter, 3.>s, •" ' 
 
 S;°-eSr.o''"rur ""e"oi'i,c'.t^u. o....etin.ot poo, .elbn. 
 
 common be'tting house defined, 371 
 keepioK. oSence of, J7l 
 olBvinE in, or looking on, Ji i 
 S,°ctinb peace officer entering, 3,1 
 
 BmIi (see Imprisonment) 
 
 in whi. '1 imprisonment to be ordered, .8 
 
 »"*:"f. from, of root., fruit vegetables, etc., 403 
 destruction ot or damage to, 3,1 
 wilful damage to, 413 
 Bmmi BeMloM (see Co' l> 
 
 CeVtrrrsriiirr/-^""-"^" "°-'°'°" '-'• "' 
 cL;ising';:;s;:^toSe.-""">"--°''*^ 
 
 •^/nlStTd magistrate, (see Jurisdiction,, 1»7 
 Qiiti (see Females) 
 
 ;ot',;itlu;1;r™de°r''/„-v'eni.e 0.ender. Act, =08, 300, 30., 304, 
 nndrXcf ^'.'peeting neglected c,,ildr.„, 310-318 
 
 Indu trial Refuge for, "»">?"'",«",V3°' ''° 
 
 seduction and demement of, 39., 393 
 
 evidence aa to age. •>»- „„., 
 
INDEX. 
 
 « JuTOiileO/ruiHlern), 284 
 
 OoM or UlTtr XUim 
 
 tlipft l.v oo-owii,.r« of. 3l«i 
 
 «« B.lurt.„ (,.e Artiole, of ,he P„„„e) 
 "lipii .e,.iirit.v niii.v l,e ordered for ■•«- 
 
 '■"""'ff«l»e(.eeW»rel,o„,e„,„„,3:, 
 OrieTou B0411, HMD 
 
 wo„„d|„„, ^i„, i„,^„, ,__ ._^^,^ ^^^ 
 uaftrdlfta 
 
 seduction by, riyy 
 
 oancellalioii of nrtieles of. 307 
 •Mt, KBowIrtg. (,ee Me,,. Ke«) 
 
 where „eee«,ry in^redieM of off.„„,, ,m.|6„ 
 EllMUCorpu 
 
 4S1 
 
 removnl of comiuitment by, 3.1 
 "hen proper remedy. 33 ' 
 .cope of the Aet respecting. 34 
 r'" ?^„l""'"' '<■ >" ■' re-trflnfof 
 
 exeeption, ea,e» i„ Jr" , '"' °' "'"'rty," 34 
 «PpIicatim,'for 3,:'" "''""' """"^y I'rohil.ited, 35, 53 
 security, 37 
 
 :st:^o?ipS:;,-7''"-^-.=-^« 
 
 notiee of motion for. ;im "io 
 writ of, refjuiaites of, ;(y 
 order for, 40 
 
 to whom writ to be .iireoted 4'> 
 issue of writ, 40 ' 
 
 service of writ, 40 
 prodiietion of the body, 4i 
 
 may l>edi8pe«.sed with 41 
 reeognizanpp to (taoier 41 
 return to writ, 40, 4I.4'> 
 
 to whom and wlien to he made 43 
 
 amendment of, 43 ' 
 
 how enforced, 43 
 
 proceedinjrs for contempt 44 
 eontradietin)?, 44 
 
 SrT'l"" '",'■ '>'">""!"' Of prisoner, 44 
 notice of application, 44 ' 
 
 o VS"""' P""'''"-' after return to, 4.", 
 to what o,ise» remedy applieable 4-, 
 amendment of conviction on, 46 4S 
 
 effeTtof.Tr"""' "'"" ^™°"^''' ■"'• " 
 order for, 48 
 
452 
 
 INPEX. 
 
 KAbMi Corpu— CtwiftMiief/. 
 
 remand for riirther proceetlingH. 47 , ,. , , .« 
 
 valid coramitmeDt may be lodged with gaoler after UHvie of. 4« 
 
 coats. 40 . ,„ 
 
 in aid of certiornri, wh' granted, 49 
 
 order for, 49 
 
 appeal from order of court on, 50 
 
 powerB of Supreme Court reiperting, 50, .»! 
 
 quaahing writ of when Improvidently lisued, 51 
 
 appeal to Privy Council, 52 
 
 rules of court as to, 5'J _ , . . , ,. 
 
 deftnitionof "criminal matters •' within purview of tlie-e pro- 
 
 ceedinfCBi 35, 5:i 
 on conviction of juvenile offender (aee Juvenile Offender) JO.. 
 
 HaBdonfflnff ?rlfOBar 
 
 CHHea in which juBliflable, 204 
 
 HaidLabonr (see Imprittonment) 
 
 Imprisonraent with, in default of t^ayment of fine, etc., 27:i, 2Wi, 
 
 288, 418 , .. , 
 
 award of, wher^- penalty not provided by statute relating to 
 
 offence, :'71, 418 
 may be awarded on imprisonment when it is t»o provided, 4iw 
 
 Heading flf Bipotitioiu (see DepositionB) 
 of witnesBOs, form of, 'i'lt 
 
 in cases of neglected children, 310 
 
 Health 
 
 admissibility of statements of deceased perBonn as to, 11^ 
 
 HearinB 
 
 of application for habea« corpus, 4!> 
 
 of appeal to sBSsion under Code, 73 
 
 case stated by justice under Code, 92 „ , , „.^^ .,■»-. 
 
 of preliminary eiiquirleB (see Prehmiimry Enquiry), 22.V.3J 
 
 of summary trial before justice (see Hummary Trial), -w, -«0 
 
 before magistrates (see Summary Trial), -8- 
 of charge against juvenile offenders (see Juvenile Offenders). _UJ 
 
 Brirwi, abduction of (see Abduction), 320 
 mgh Beai (see Sea, 3hip, Seamen) 
 
 form of warrant for offences on, 193 
 
 Holiday! (see Sunday) 
 
 what days Included in, 148 
 
 taking proceedings on, 147 
 
 when time for prosecution expires on, 14» 
 
 warrant may be exe.'iited on, 194 
 
 Homicide (see Manslaughter, Murder) 
 causing death by omission to perfo 
 
 HOD«f 
 
 adulteration of, 333 
 Hone Badac (see Betting), :i87 
 
 )rm a legal duty, 382 
 
'ViiEX. 
 Honwbrttkinc 
 
 ri«l,t „f .,3i , '"""-''"ly Ho,,.,..,, ;,.,, 
 ■oiwliold,, 
 
 H«b«,d „..,.,,„.,„„„,„,„, Wir„ 
 
 4fi» 
 
 preiiii»c« of, .'ira 
 
 107 
 
 IM 
 
 .■oiiipetnn.)- of ,i» »i„|.,, ,„, 
 
 mo 
 
 ■me, Hi.-, 
 
 l-aving „„„.„ i„, „„„„„„|^ ,,j„ 
 
 Uiou 
 
 jni-ompetent as witnes,,.. 
 '"oapacity „f to coinmi ■ 
 
 Iginuo. (,ee Men, Hea) 
 »f law, no jo,e„„j ,„„ 
 
 »;•""••'■"■"— —'•■'— ....„.,.,.,„,„ 
 
 ''♦'fiiiition of. L'LM 
 
 ess, proeprJi.ra „.. „^_. . . 
 
 . 7 ") 
 
 or Hbseiiee of wirrm- 
 
 (we Uep«.itio„,:"S-?,'„P™"'""-^ "" "PPMI in c„.e „f, 
 
 ""°°'^'°'"-^'l-.I«<.e»en,v, ■,;..,-, 
 ImpHMoment "' * 
 
 inilefaNltotdistpeM, Vl 
 """"I of, hi conviotii,: o- 
 
 when offender alren,"' • 
 
 when convicted „rn,orr.r°'' -'■'■ ^S" 
 
 "".tonces not preLraed .o ' "'"' "'""'• -74 
 
 322. 418 '">'"<•""" l".e, oon,pe„,a,i„n'o;da„,„^,., .,,, 
 
 •"■'i«i»o of „onej. penalty, or „o,h, 274 
 
454 
 
 1M>F.X. 
 
 ■.iJi, 4111 
 ' , in, 
 
 ,, »l 
 
 ,.omiii«ii''e'n«iit ol. -H 
 
 'plMro't!"?!""' ■ ..„,,. „Be,u)e,. (.e. •l-v.""' ""«"*•'"' 
 •^ 1„ cMeof )',"«" '".""[rrim coi.ourr«..tly 2.4, 2»0 
 
 IniMt 
 
 offence of, 37',; 
 
 ,ct. of, 373 „„„nou. Look., le'to". «"■■' ■"- 
 
 enpOTure ol, 3M 
 ""^.examination of .m,e.. a- ",'10 
 
 being tried, 108 
 -T^Srent oonee..n,ent o,, 1>, .no,....o. 0, seller 0, l.n.. 3 , 
 """■^ctitutionofwon-en 304 
 
 •^^^Itarr, ti.e ., pro.eo„.lon 0, (.ee S.nop.i. of "-nee.,, 
 SS5Et^i....-eeeo..itt..i. 
 
 ;='^iSt!:^'™^-;-;^r^e\;^,in,in..Kn.u.i.,,^ 
 
 . ins 
 ■:3i) 
 
■♦•niii' n(T..iui,-rM). L'!in-:!i,(j 
 
 ;ji»9-;iL'i 
 
 
 IMlnmnl 
 
 "lMi-.'ll..„» l„, „|„.„ ,„ 1,^ ,,,1,^,1^ ^.|^ 
 tad.«..«,„ w.rr«, „„.. „„,ki„„ „.„,„„„,, ,„, 
 !.*««.. ..h.. ,„ Oirl. ueo .,„v,.,.i„. o..„u,.„,, ,,„, „„,, 3,,. ,,„ 
 iBdttitrUl lehooli 
 
 <'i>iuriiitnitMit to I 
 
 lixt of in Oiiiui-id 
 
 Cecals.) Nt-jrle..t;-,i('hii,lrt-n) 
 lBhnU(8t.,. ChiUlreii) 
 
 ••upac-ity of to..oii,niit fTJMif, hi.;, KU 
 laforuatira 
 
 tnandaiiiii« to .'ompei Ukinc of ti- 
 ol.jectio«sto.f,.r.k.fi...tHinsui,s.,„';ee 
 
 In preliminni-y eiif|iiiries foi 
 re(|uiHiteH of, Ih") 
 
 ir o^^t;•ir,T.r'° "''"'''"«■'■ '« 
 
 who may he joined in where ..vcrnl nirenilerii IWi 
 
 inay he ninde out ,e|,»mlely for e«,.|, "h 
 
 lu.tiee onnnot refuse lo tulie, lK(i 
 
 ea«e» in which |,roee». cniinot he iiuued in nb,en.„ „/ i«n 
 
 o«,ei. <n which it i, not e»»enti»l, IWi -la '""" "'■ '"" 
 
 for search warnints, reguisitcH of 1H7 ' 
 
 forms of, IH9 
 
 '"'■ "p'nie, r»°"""' '"'■ '""•'" ■"'"-" "■<•> '"""o or iil 
 
 ziz::;^7!Xi>^ '"'»"" '■"""■". -"-" -■ ="^ 
 
 111 procerdiiiffs ftKuiiHt itlwomiitiK witnems "■lU 
 
 mstice tiikiiip: must isstie proceB« thert-in -"ti '>47 
 on summiiry trials by jnatu-e, 1M7 
 requisites of, L'47 
 
 foriUM of oatiiH ftiiii affinnationH, 'J4H 
 by whom to lie laiii, LMS 
 
 in faHPH of private injuries, I'-lK 
 in fpanduli'itt rptnovtil of goods by tmant "48 
 in trespass, 'J4S ' ~ 
 
 by party aircrii'Vt'd, 24S 
 by leave of Attoriiev-Ceiieral, l'4ti 
 ajifiiinst wlioni to b^ laid, l'4S. 'M'J 
 
 employer for act of servant, U+S, 24'J 
 description of offfnpe in, L'4!l, '^'2'2, 4IH 
 uncertainty in. effect of. liril 
 
 by statinjf offences committed, indifferent modes "51 
 only one offence to be ohiirired, I'SO 
 several offeiice>' staled in, effect of, li'tO 
 
 procedure iis to, i;r>1 
 objeetioiis to, when and }w 
 
 procedure tliereou. il.'iO 
 
 waiver of, 2.'i0. 2')2 
 
 when conviction invalidated by, li.'io 
 
 V to be taken, L'50 
 
456 
 
 IMIKX. 
 
 luitk« ruiiiol retuM tn t«ke, .ni „,,.,,i ..30 
 
 dUlli of, dw" ■"•> "'I"''' P"»«eilili|<t., .411 
 
 5,(e„c. ot cl.im of rM<l.t in «.»« of. IS,. 4U 
 c.u«e.l l,y im. of .ipU..ivi.., .HIO, .101, 4U 
 
 I, r,tt., d.mr., |iler«, boom«. nU'le". "■f- '"■' 
 
 to wrecked »hlim, 4U 
 
 {° ^ir.rdHvS (it. K„riou. I.r\v,„„). :«!«, a»0 
 
 "trr;^-r 'or pL .,d „,»...«t.. o„, o.«e« 
 reipeotlng, IBB. 114 
 
 Infraction of law. re«pectlnB, 404 
 Imo«illtl<ni»T00MMt («eel'oroner) .,.„., ..o 
 
 ^ „gh.. of -itn..«. •• .;-> ■°"l»!°';vr ''"' 
 
 niwetn of ooroner while lioldind, nil „ 
 
 S°re.rof «oa«a o„ finding of re.pon.,l..l.ty, JOO 
 w.rrantof .r«i«t thereon, m 
 duly of coroner after •rre»t, .0- 
 
 renderiDK person, incapable of «iifle. 165 
 
 burden of proof of, !«•> 
 iBMulUUtr 
 
 attempts to produce, U:i- 
 bnltlBv Langaac* 
 u»e of. 3S6 
 
 '"'"c'lminal, when neceary inKredien. of offence (.ee Men. Be.), 
 
 159-in'J 
 '"^,„.Uflc.tionofin.tice.,y (.» K..«.io...hip: Bi..), .41, 142 
 Iiitmpr«t«tion of Word, (.ee Word.) 
 Interpretar. 
 
 tnl(iii(r evidence l>y raeans of, — •» 
 
 form of oatli of, 'l"2ii 
 iBtimldatioii (see Threat.; Violence), ;17S 
 
 bv and with respect to workmen, 41.i „„, ., .,r 
 
 of dealer, of produce, etc "hen going to market, 41., 
 
 of bidders at .ale. of public lands, 41., 
 
"■'•"•Pltat trmuU.^ ,„, ,■„.„,„,,„ , 
 
 P"'"-'- ..r j.i.ll^., and i.i.wl.lrni,., „, ,„. ,■,;,.,. 
 
 "' «""''■ "■■ '""1" Jl.tr.,. „,„n.„t ■■:, 
 
 rint- Mtntt'il l.y, Kl 
 
 ■pp."!!.., r,o,„,.„„vl,.ti„„,„.,.M,| lMi» 
 
 'Miutirt 1(1 
 
 '"''""" '•"■""1.1.1 l..l..,.ri„,i„„l „„„„.,, .. 
 
 '•dKi.1 ud lIiiU.t.pUl 4eu 
 
 "lint .lwm.-,l tu 1,,.. m, |:|,| ,,- 
 
 ;;ss^;™^' ■"•'■■! '..^. 
 
 antiRI|.l« t.. inrtuciict. ,y i,ril,i.|.v »l.,^lf- . 
 
 or jur.., ,.,.c,p,i„|, |,HI,.', :,"',"•'• "'"""■ '■"■■• ■*' 
 
 '■dfaat (,ef A.ljn.lieaClcii! 
 
 JoriidiotlM 
 
 °''Z'h^!' l'™'"-«li"l'" '"r™rlio,«ri, 17 
 on l,i,b«, ..„rp,„, ;i:i, 4.-,^ -,„ , • " 
 
 reIntioni4hifi, 141 
 l.l»« or llkeliliood of liian 14" 
 ■luiulaj-K and lioliJuy«, 14'u 
 .mitntion „t tini. for proswiilion, 147 
 previou. a.ljndl.-iiflou, 150 
 rliiini of riKlit or litlo to land, l.-,4 
 oon,li,l„ ".""",■"'"'"''"'"»' """It. 1->!I 
 
 of Marnu., or fore sii oon«ul 1(111 ' "^"•' "'"i* or 
 
 b^'T^e^:- ;";;^°:;";rrVf i"j^H»i.t,o„,, ,„7.,7. 
 
 ion. J ' , ' i" "''»""»'i™ "red not hi-.r tl,f ,.„„.. ^4 i 
 want of, tannot l.o waiv.-d or JureJ "41! 
 
 requisite, of conviction in siidi nases '.84 — • '" 
 may act anywhere in connty, -M 
 
 4.-)7 
 
iftH 
 
 J»1MK«U«B f.munmil. 
 
 iiril of c')«ri ami 
 
 i»f iiiritfiiirrutc* N« tn 
 tor, -JW 
 na ((> nwRnl of Hue or Iiii|trlHoiinit<tit, ::wl, L'H7, 
 MR to n-Rlomtioii of i>ri)tii'rt>'. I'Ntl, *JH7 
 ulHy iiii]MiM< roMlH UH wt^ll UH liii|trl«oi>iiiPiit, :^Hm 
 tlo*a not •xtcml to forirtT)'- -'*'* 
 ua to ffommltnti-iit of wotit«ii Htnl ^-hllilrt-ii, 1'nM 
 i<nRiniltm»iit tolViitnil I'rl^on tunl oihtr (ifnitl ln»titiitlona. JkN 
 
 of Jimtlff- aik) iimBlatmtm «it to ■iimiiinr.v iiroei-filiiiir, '^'i-, ■dt. 417 
 
 of oiii- or two jit«tii-«H, :i'."_'. ;i:!:i, 417 
 
 i!i|)i>liii<>H to proBvrii- 
 
 :»N, 4t7 
 
 obatrimtlng or nllfniiil lo nlmtriu-t, [icrviTt or Jf-ft-iit 111* poiir-f 
 of, :>()) 
 
 JuttoN af tk« PtMf 
 
 otKf MtHt»'(l l>y, oil •ninuHiiry proct-eininct, Hll 
 
 u|i[ieiilH from (H>e Ap, >), I>M 
 
 Rppoinliueiit of, IIll' 
 
 «x ofltplct, who iiff, 1:13 
 
 apviMitl, wtm iir<*. 13:.' 
 
 offli'«rii (troliUilti-il from aothitr an, ri>1 
 
 i|iiiiliHrtttloii of, 1:1:1 
 
 DRttia to be tiikfi) liy. I:t4 
 
 efffct of n»>t(lt>»-'t to take ouDih, t-tc., 134, VMt 
 
 tlt> facto Pnit (le jiirt>. wlio ilcttiufti to be, \',\h, \'M\ 
 
 wll(»n BCtn not iiivniiilRled by fniltirv to ([tiolifv or take outlia 
 
 required, VSo, VM\ 
 i*h«-ri qiiiilittrRtloti t>r<*Hiimftl from ncta of, VM 
 exercliie of fiiiiclloii after expirRtioii of term, i:)tt 
 objet-tlon to (|unlit1cAtiOD, wben to be taken, Hit 
 ((enenil mithorlty of, wlience derived, l:i« 
 
 to what itatiiti'B. l)y-law«, etc -""'■ -' 
 
 limltution of, I3H 
 
 power to enforce ordera wben jiiriwliLLioii Riven, i:iH 
 
 jttdicial and mlnlHterial fiiiictionH, l:ill 
 wlien not to intervene. i:j» 
 
 in citieti or towna where police H»aifl»ttrnte iippointed, UU 
 
 lieiirlnK of ooiinty i-nai-a in sueli cilien or town^ i:J9 
 
 in eaaes befo^-e uuoliiep juHtit-e, 14(1. J4*i 
 
 proefdiiro » '>en more than one jimtice ufta, 1-1" 
 powers of when actinff for police nniuripttriite. 14if 
 
 prooednre in micli caxef. )40 
 iliw(;ii»lifi''alion and otister oi' juri-diotioii, 141-14(1 
 'by relationship to pariien. 141 
 
 b"v interest in mibjeot mutter, 141-14(1 
 
 b'v biaa or likelihood of bian, \A'l 
 
 Ceiu'rnI prltiiMplet* in niich cnne- , 144 
 
 diKiiniilitied jnstioe sitting with oUiers, 144 
 
 Kroiinds of obiectloti nei-d not be Ktated, 144 
 
 by Sundays aiiti holidays, 14(1 
 
 by limitntion of time for proHei-ntion, 147 
 
 by res adjiidientft, ITiO 
 
 by title to land or claim of li^ht, l'i4 
 
 bv menu rea, want of nlminal intent, 159 
 
 of convicting jnnlice to «it on appeal to SewNioiiH, 14^. 
 where summons i««ued by interested jusHee. effect of, l-i.> 
 
 , authority extend'*, 1:18 
 
 :^J 
 
IXf>tX. 
 
 J«IH«.ftt.»^_,.„.,„„,, 
 
 4S» 
 
 I tin- liri-iit hikf 
 
 llrlll>li 
 
 '"iHlill..in,l jiirlxlii-llriii „r nw 
 
 "J:":::^:^;!;::'.;;::::, ^'»"""'"„ 
 
 "";,';l;';;:;:",r""" "■ ° •■' ■•■•' "'■" .'--i 
 
 ""■'""fi" '|''^^""'i""l "11 111., lil,!, .,„ ,„ , 
 nff|-,„.., e.m,mili„| ,„„ „fc„„„l.. it;, 
 
 " ".'iTirj.;:'"":' ""■""■ '"" -' -■ "■ ■■. » 
 
 >"'*•"■"' "hll.. Piolillna court. I7li 
 
 T'lrm iif loiiimitmviit. )Mi( 
 "iitrml„rji,VH„|l, „II,„J,.„ ,71, 
 
 ,.,J' ,':'""' I'"''"" '"" »' '■"■1". ITU 
 
 ''"''••''i^'?;:m,;;;rt!;;!K:r:;-— ...o... 
 
 "'"off.,:,".::'':;-,""' '> ■■"■i"'-—:"" for i„ji,.,.,,.e 
 
 "i';.u,.'''..:i:° °"- ■"'"""■• "' ""--ii' i.r 
 
 wljo to innnf jiroccBn, i»4((, ^47 
 Sfvernl Jtnttlee? nitiv henr, L'4)[ 
 I'rocwJiirc In Biich pn»fH. '.^ti 
 .Iiity of oftf.r rw-f.ivii,B iiir)rni,irl»n. J.M 
 
 ""'"pr..:;;::,','';^!,'""'' "■ " '■"""" "'■•>■" '- ""'i' "■ i- 
 
 may >„■ rnllFd „, „ nH,,,,,,, um 
 
 prrijier proft><ltirp ir tfmt i-iise "i;i 
 
 lePKiiIlrnvi'd to, L'tiTi, '.lili 
 
 oiwpi. »-lii,-l, iB«y l,H irie.l |,v, ill':'. IS 
 
 rctiirns. to l,i. mnde In ( UrUiri 
 
 Jnitiec'n Clerk 
 
 evidi-iK-e limy In- tnkeii ilnwri l.y. '_'J7 
 
 foTenil* Oftmdan 
 
 trial of l„ i,ik» pl„oo „|„,„,„ p„|,|i,.i, ,-„ 
 
 Iriiil nn., |.„N,.l,i„r„t of ,„„|,.r l>o„,ii,i„„ |,„... .,„, 
 
 proccliire when eliarsod Willi theft etc -((l 
 
 who limy try ehargtB ngolll«t, Hill 
 
460 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 294 
 
 Javeail* OBmiMt—CuHtijinetL 
 
 proceedings yireliminary to bearing, 292 
 
 at hearinKi -9^ 
 treatment of on arrest, 293 
 notice to parent or gnardian, 293, 294 
 releane without puniehmcnt iii certaiu cases, ' 
 reeoRnixance for good behaviour, 294 
 oertitlcatB of dismissal, 29ii 
 conviction of, 295 
 
 dpfeets in for want of form, 295 
 removal of l>y certiorari, 295 
 punishment of. on conviction, 295, 290 
 modt' of enforcing payment of fine, 295, 296 
 warrant of commitment, 295 
 
 imprisonment to commence from day of adjudication. 2U0 
 release of. on payment of tine, 29ti 
 restitution of property, power of justice to order, 29)1 
 how money ordered to be paid recoveraltle, 297 
 payment o'f costs of prosecjition, 297 
 
 of eonstalile's fees, 297 -, 
 returns of convictions mid recognizances, 297 
 conviction not invalid for not stating age of child, 297 
 questions as to age and religious belief, 29* 
 committal to homes for destitute children, or to charge of 
 
 Children's Aid Society, 28H 
 committal to industrial schools, 298. 299, 300, 302, 304 
 notice to Children's Aid Society, 294, 298 
 proceedings where child under 14 years, 298 
 
 bov under twelve, or girl under thirteen, 298, 299 
 committal to reformatory for boys, or industrial refuge for 
 
 girls, 299, 300, 302 
 order for delivery to Children's Aid Society, or to industrial 
 
 school, 299 
 committal of boy or girl over thirteen, 300 
 copy of proceedings to be sent to municipality chargeable 
 
 with maintenanee. 300 
 form of certifieate to be attached to proceedings, 300 
 
 notice to be sent to such municipality, 301 
 report of officer of Children's Aid Society to be attached to 
 
 commitment, 300 
 committal of a boy to industrial school, under Dominion 
 
 Statute of 1890, 301 
 bov under sixteen may be sent to reformatory, ."HU 
 order and copies of proceedings to be sent to industrial school, 
 
 or reformatory, 301, 306 
 medical certificate to accompany papers, 301 
 removal of conviction by habeas corpus, 302 
 appeal from conviction or order, 302 
 provisions of Code only applicable to prosecution under 
 
 Dominion laws, 302 
 provisions of Ontario Statute (K.S.O. c. 183), 302 
 
 committal of boys under sixteen, and girls not over fourteen, 
 
 apprentieesliip of child committed to reformatory or refuge, 302 
 provisions as to re-committal of such child, 302 
 provisions of Ontario Industrial Schools Act, 302 
 
 power given industrial school and reformatory to receive boys 
 convicted under Dominion laws, 302 
 
INDEX, 
 
 461 
 
 Jownu. Offendm-f „„„„„„,. 
 
 provisiona of Ontario Neirlecti.d „. r>. 
 lifaring to be private, J03 
 
 _ "idustriul school lO'l liu '""eftnite period to an 
 "'°""'l^l'Z^X^'''''""^'''^»"> ecdoct at i„d... 
 
 '.""ifieS'i.ldSltri.T'.x";'?'";" """p^". •■'"^ 
 
 ..rovi«io„, a, to'S f„ f.;" °o!r"°' "'" ■"• ™^ 
 p'o'feTon^" P"'"'!'"""'*. :il>7 
 
 artT;,er:° Ri,srhVp,*i;°:x'oti°rr''''''''' "»'' "'-»". 3«r 
 
 1HK, 307 ' I P™"'"'"'"P, provision, respect - 
 
 drspSSoJ'ofaTe'retc^jM '"■"'"''"« ""imsolf r™m service :,os 
 
 ^.Ta'so'Ne^iirdTr?,"'" "'r'»"»'««. 3»» 
 .-egiected or Dependent Cliiidren) 
 
 KidMppia,(,ceAlHlnctionl 
 
 "hat constitutes offence of, 32H 
 KUil (see Murder, Homicide) 
 
 unborn child (see AWrtion),:|oa 
 
 sir^ii;r?rtS'^:;;!rs?^° -"'•=- 
 
 i-attJe, etc, (see Cattle) -in 
 («ee Wilful i„j„,j,) '■ 
 
 Ukai 
 
 ^Jurisdiction Of courts over offences committed on, n4 
 
 Undmark. (,ee Wilful Injury) 
 
 injury to, 373, 412 
 laroany (see Theft) 
 
 merged with theft, 374 
 Uwl(« 4g„MioM (see Hiot), :m.-m 
 iMii,^ dawtioa, (see Kvidence) 
 Laava 
 
 Of "™.,„r ,?en "at .troT'"'"' '"" 
 
 ,e„, l-r "' "''"' '"''""■ """"■itted by foreigner at 
 
 levying War (seo Treason), ,-)-4 
 

 
 iJ--. 10« 
 
 th««teni»B (">■ . ,-4 
 
 "'Ci'"^""'""'"'""""''"" 
 
 e„mroei.ceii>e»< °'^P^„„eB, 149, i;,0 
 
 b,.«»li6» of License Act, .l.» 
 3ng on Sunday, 3,., 
 
 I<^.n, theft by, 390 
 breaclie" of. 3'*- •• 
 
463 
 
 conipett^ncy of, ah witneHHcg. inii 
 
 (iunfjeronn. procedure an to, li':,, :j7(i 
 Lying in Wait 
 
 for perxoiis returDinjf from pnUU- nieethiir, XW, -^TH 
 MftffiitntM fsi.e I'olifB Mngi«trnWH) 
 
 apjieab from siniininrv trinls I>y, !ir. 
 
 case state.] l.y (see Casf- Stiitp.i i !»-> 
 
 stniiniary trials by (see Hiimmurv Trinlal, ■'«•► 
 
 jurisdiction of, ^•2'2-'6'2't, 417 
 
 Mftili (nee Letters, I'ostOtflee) 
 
 territorial jurisdiction to ofTenee as to IGO 
 falsely pretendinjf to send ijionev U\; yci' 
 steal inff from, ayjt " 
 
 stopping, with intent, aTfi, nSJt 
 
 Maiming (see Wounding), 4Hi 
 
 Kaintsnanea 
 
 of juvenile olTenders on commitment, 304-306 
 of family, neglect to pi-ovidt- for, It'iti, 381 
 
 Kalfsaianee (see Public Officers), :j4(J, M-2, ;J8t:, 396 
 Kalios (see Mens Rea) 
 
 when deemed a necessary ingredient of olfenee, ].')y-l62 
 MaUeiou IqjariM (see Wilful Injury) 
 
 defence of claim of riglit in eases of, IS? 
 Xandamiu 
 
 definitions aa to, 59 
 
 cases in which application for granted, ri9-60 
 
 to compel exercise of discretionarv powers, 61 
 
 distinction between judicial and ministerial acts, 
 
 for misconstruction of statute, 63 
 
 on refusal of justi.'e to receive information, 62 
 
 on ref- -^al to grant process or hear evidence, 63, 64 
 
 on improper rejection or reception of evidence. (!;i, *>4 
 
 to General Sessions on a point of law or practice 64 
 
 application for, 64 
 
 may be made at any stage of proceedings, 64 
 notice of motion for, (».'> 
 affidavit in support, 65 
 order for, 66 
 writ of, 66 
 costs, 64 
 
 return to writ, 67 
 
 to compel justice to act after decision on ease stated, 94 
 Kanilanghtflr 
 defined. 371) 
 culpable negligence causing deatli, 376 
 
 Hantrapi 
 
 setting of, 39'» 
 
 , 62 
 
381 
 
 INDEX- 
 
 464 
 
 IU.Ur «>d »™t „, „„.„., ,61, 248, 24-J 
 
 ,„,.on.ibilityo'- «"'",„ be l»U,--!48 
 
 "° Biot), 301 
 
 XMlun («ee Threat.) 
 demonding w'tti. ■"" 
 
 ^i^^d ,.,-.«"■ (««'"*•»"'' "'""> 
 
 :Sl^^^:rK?Sl;r->ono. riot (,ee Blot), 3.-301 
 
 KUk 
 
 adulteration of, 3:iS 
 
 Wnw wd Mined *i"'*^* . j,o 
 
 injuries to macliincrv of, J. 
 
465 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 «i..i«.ri^ *"• ("- Judi»i.l .„d Ml„i„„ui AH.) 
 
 mandama, ,„ compel eierelw of, oi 
 • t'"!"}'};?'' b«t»een the.e and judicial A.t. n" 
 
 taking Intormalion, 147 
 
 K;*""' "«<'-i,l..s warrant., 147 
 bBPkmg wn-Tants, 147 ' 
 
 performance of o;. Sonday. and holiday,, 147 
 *»!»• (leeCliildren; Infants) 
 supplying tobacco to, -.m 
 •dmitting to billiard rooms, 37H 
 supplying liquor to, 378 
 
 anthorit.v of parents, .elioolmasters etc as to •!-« 
 selling pistols and air gun, to, 407 ' ' '' 
 
 "■""rtstt (see Abortion), 328, 329 
 "tachirf (see Neglect, Wilful I„j„,y) 
 Msoonduot (see Disorderly Conduct) 
 respecting human remains, S.M 
 Hmty 
 
 '°""may°b7arne°d°if "''• "''P-i""" («» Arrest), 203 
 
 ■nay be "(Vlied^M payment of cost, and expenses of prosecu- 
 
 '•Isely pretending to mail in letter, 362 
 Mwth, defined, 148 
 Mortgagors 
 
 fraudulently giving mortgage, 378 
 injuries to i,uildings, etc., by 378, 395 4I'> 
 concealment of encumbrances by, 368 
 Xmntad Polios 
 
 offences respecting, 377 
 enticing to desert from, 378 
 Kotim 
 
 for certiorari (see Certiorari), 4 
 to quash conviction on certiorari !■> 
 to supersede certiorari, 15 ' 
 
 for costs on certiorari, 18 
 for habeas corpus (see Habeas Corpus), 36 
 tor prohibition (see Prohibition), 56 
 IIoti.s» Criminal (see .Mens Rea), 159-162 
 Xofiidpal Ofllosrs 
 
 ex n0cifl justices, 132 
 theft by, 396 
 
 ItaTigabl. Waters (see Sea, Seamen) 
 
 jurisdiction of justice, as to offences committed upon, 169 
 HavRl Serrifis 
 
 offences respecting, 379 
 
466 
 
 IMDKX. 
 
 ^.t\« pro..de, ^r P«;o» h.r.n, cb^ o. .no,h.„ 381 
 
 lu describing oftenoM, Ul, U2 
 to mainUin timily, 356 
 
 ■ervant, 381 
 
 h-C ?o'.;: uSX?ore iudgo or H,.gi.t™.e, 309, 3.0 
 
 orounda tor committal, .111 
 
 ^ho may Invctigate tho caae, 311, 312 
 
 manner ot dealmg ^>''?'. '"'?,' j^,a sx^y, 312, 313 
 
 e„mjrir"et= tle^f^o'. "- '— "^' "-^^ "^ 
 provUion. for protection of, 313 
 
 rpio^SeV-ioTfJdrj^'S? •"*" °-°"""°'°*' '" 
 
 rnrin1"tM''^C:o'cniiody o. home or society, or to ..n.t 
 
 apprenticeship, 315 
 punishment tor such oBence 31.^ 
 
 ^TnXVVs'i^ts^iSw"" »' B-- catholic and Protestant 
 proper efeicUrordutles by officer charged with administering 
 ' law, 316, 317 
 
INDEX. 
 
 467 
 
 VifflMMwBfpndMt flkildrtm-Coit((«i,«|. 
 procedure, 317, 318 
 
 Children's Aid Societjr to b« notified, 317 
 
 form of notloe to, 318 
 
 notice to parent or guardian, 318 
 
 affidavit of ler-ioe of notice, 318 
 
 ■ubptena to witnesbtn, 319 
 
 affidavit of service of, 319 
 
 caption of depositions. 310 
 
 oJ*l!.'*''!f ''f 'j'f '^J° Children'. Aid Society. 320 
 
 or to iBdastrial schooi, 321 
 
 order of committal to Industrial school, 321 
 
 maintenance of child, provisions as to payment for 3-'l 
 
 munio.pality may recover cost of maintenance f Eom pi^nt. 321 
 
 »ifllf«iot (see Neglect; Wilful Injury) 
 
 Hews 
 
 false, publication of, 362 
 
 to majilatrate of application for certiorari, 23, 34 
 of objections to proceedings for certiorari 14 
 of motion, to suspend certiorari, 15 
 
 for coats on certiorari, 3S 
 
 for habeas corpus, 38, 39 
 
 for discharge of prisoner, 44 
 
 for prohibition, 56 
 
 for mandamus, 65 
 of appeal, under Dominion laws, 69 
 
 requisites of notice, 70 
 of recognizance on appeal, 73 
 of setting down case stated for argument 91 
 of hearing of case stated, 92 
 
 of motion for commission, to take evidence out of Canada 9ifi 
 of intention to take evidence of a witness dangerously HI '-i 
 to prosecutor, on default of his attendance on fumSfiL'riaV 059 
 of sale under warrant of distress, 278 ""uiuiury iriai, .a« 
 
 to parent or guardian, on arrest of juvenile offender, 293 •>94 
 In ^""''"Pa''ty-.?t"irgeable with incumbrance of suih child 301 
 to Children's Aid Society, in like eases, 294 298 
 to P^^^'^^^J'J^KuaMian, in proceedings as to neglected, etc., ehil- 
 
 HoiianoM 
 
 proceedings as to, 382 
 
 Oaths {see Affirmations) 
 
 of justices of the peace, 134 
 police magistrate, 135 
 game warden, 135 
 commiBsioner, 135 
 judicial officers, 135 
 effect of failure to take, 135 
 to wiliiesaea. 225. 226 
 of interpreter, 22G 
 of stenographer, 227 
 false stateraentH in {see Perjury), 383 
 
468 
 
 IMDIZ. 
 
 to c.rtlotMl (iM CertlonrI), 13, 14 
 notica of, 3 
 when to be taken, 13 
 
 ,„ p,ZrroMc.. in .ub...nce.r to™, 76, 1*3, m 
 
 to bj.law., wben to be taken, 78 
 
 to d'aqualiBoatlon ot jortlcee, h"" «»««°' "? .^„.^^^ 
 
 r:r •ni;;t^rir;s- >onioirc:;n.i'on a...n>., 3. 
 
 piiWioatlon ot (.«e Indecency), 372, 373 
 Olwenlt; (leo Indecency) 
 OftnulUf 01.i,7»» ("• Clergymen, Public Worahip), 345 
 
 •"rtH^rpoT^ror iu..,ce. and ..«i..ra.e. a. .o ,..eConten,p.,. 
 
 176-170 
 Obttimtlnf Oaeeri (nee ABsault, Aireet), ?37 
 
 c.noot be tried numni.rily without coneent, .83 
 
 in execution o( duty, 382 - 
 
 in entering gaming, betting home., etc., 3,1 
 OV tmUiii PubUc ttmt (.ee Diaorderly Conduct), :1S(1 
 0MtiMtiiigB«i1««Ti («ee Railwaye), 386 
 *^, de,crlbed in information., conviction., and proce.., 236, 
 
 i„.tlce',Turi.dicti-n in offence, cotnmitted in hi. county, 167 
 committed el.twhere, 168 
 on boundarie. it countie., 169 
 a, to mail, '.nd traveller., 169 
 committor in onorganiied d,.trict., liu 
 committed at .ea, 171 ._, 
 
 committed by .eamen. and on .hip, 1.2, 175 
 committed on the great lake., Ii4 
 committed out "( Canada, lis ,. ,o, ,ob 
 
 in county, other than,»hero acc»,.d ... 195, 196 
 triable .ummarily by justice., -"; ■Vr • ',',^3 .J40 2-,4 
 particular, ot, when accu.ed entil ed to, -Uo, -tJ, 
 
 5nly one to be charged i° ■""^''■""i^^'so 251 
 .everal .tated in intormat.ou, effect "'• -»»•-"' 
 procedure on objection be.ng taken, 2o0, .01 
 ru\?d°caVn''ot^":Trrto';-one, and .ummarily convicted ot 
 
 another, 253 
 eiamole. and meaner ot stating, J--; ;;- „ 
 .ylZ.^oi. with form, ot charge., 322-418 
 by consent, 352 
 OftMlT. Weapon, (.ee Weapon.), 406-408 
 
 Offering Tor Bale 
 
 drugs intended to procure abortion, 355 
 counterfeit money, 3ol 
 
INIIEX. 
 
 (i«8 Pe«p« OOctn; Public Omc.rn) 
 'ommimloiitlnii offlclil Inrormatlon. a4(l 
 ftrroiiiitlatr by, 36L» 
 
 46;> 
 
 fall. 
 
 ftetInK ittfmto und 'tit Jure, 1.1«, 137 
 Ofldal PTMlamatloM 
 
 aod ilociimfiits, forgery of, 307 
 
 faNe accounting by. ;i62 
 On* Jutle* 
 
 !,';,'i"j''',',"""'J''""" ;■"'"" •""""' ""■""I'l' proridei, 24:. 
 
 jurisdiction of (■»« Jurl.dlctlonl, liW "47 ■{■<•• 417 
 
 convlctio^n by. wlien two justice, or nia;i.t;iitr.'r.,,uired, invalid, 
 
 Oat OffaiiM 
 
 no more than, to be clinrged in information, 2.-in, 231 
 Oittrto iTidnn let (aee Evidence) 
 
 proviaions of, as to evidence, lll^l 
 
 di.tinctlon between thi. and Ciuada Evidence AC, lOH, I3H 
 Ontario Law* 
 
 appeal to general seraiona under laws of 10" 
 
 ■uiumary trials under, how regulated, '>44 
 
 amendmenta^ in^^at to criminal procedure, when to come into 
 
 Oaiu of Proof 
 
 of regularity of appeal, 7G 
 
 Opon Court 
 
 place of summary trial by magistrate deemed to be, 179 
 but not on preliminary enquiry, 17!) 
 definition of, 178, 17y 
 
 Order 
 
 for certiorari (see Certiorari), 6 
 
 for habeas corpus (see Habeas Corpus) 40 
 
 certiorari, in aid of, 49 
 for mandamus (see Mandamus). 6*i 
 on cases stated by justice (see Case Stated) 93 
 on appeal to county judge. 100 ' 
 
 to gaoler, to bring up prisoner remanded, "07 
 for subpipua to witness out of province, "13 
 appointing commissioner to take evidence out of Canada. "17 
 for release of witness, after being bound over to appeiir, ".39 
 for delivering of juvenile offender to Children's Aid Society, or 
 industrial school, 299 ""-'eiy, or 
 
 the same in case of neglected or abused children, 3"0 
 for committal of such child to industrial school, 3»1 
 
 Ordariiij Witnsaifi Ont of Court {,ee Witnesses), 169 
 
 Oros and KetaU (see Mines and Minerals) 
 theft of, 39o 
 
ATO 
 
 IMDIX. 
 
 MmlUlloii of lln.0 «or vroMoollon, 147 
 
 tbett o(, 399 
 
 '*"p.,m.»l.«p.t .««".•«"» •'•»'» 
 
 "^rgold o, .n»r -l«.. "..(. b, 396 
 t°,idolent eoiio..liMnt by Mm., 398 
 
 linn ol «ffld.TU lor, 2M 
 "l^b,, o< P.T.O.. o«.rt.8 .W" «•»<" '" ••"■ =" 
 
 oJdM to b« ordered, 272 
 
 bow enforced, 27J, 27« 
 releue of defendant In, 278 
 of «ne to gaoler, 281 
 dleoharge of prleoner on, 281 
 
 "^„r.tle.t,beep(«.Art,e>e.oftbePe.c.).275,334 
 
 raue OOeen (lee ConiUble) 
 
 deHned 199 ^,„„), ,93, m, 203 
 
 :jj::S;;°?bo'nT":rr.nU<«,30« 
 
 „..olt. on (^V(^°j'S«^pI),*M8, 369 
 
 Kr/oXrdir"»M;398 
 :brrn%:S!;rn°e£g^i;.-".- 
 
 reeietlng in «'«'"'«• °',°°%i„t), 391 
 
 r.r.reror;eSrg'CJdTo?n .iib «.»., 391 
 
 compounding, 346 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4TI 
 
 rmtUt (iM Punlthmant) 
 
 dutiM ud pomn o( Jumltn u to, Mo.oj.i 
 
 wb»n lo b« ordand to b« paid, i>7 " "•■". ^ii 
 
 con.lctlon muit .djudlc.t. " rort.itur. " of, -M) 'M 
 
 bow onfoKtid, 27a. 273, J7e ' ■^"' -" 
 
 by dintraaa, L'73 
 
 linprl»onni«iit In default of dlitmi J7l 
 wb.n o«ri.nd.r In naol for anotber ofanoe. 274 
 wh.it, defendant »on.l<.t,d for mor. than on. o«.ii.. 274 
 where Bne .,id damaRei awarded, 274 OBMM, 274 
 
 when imprlHonment to beffin, 274 
 when Imprieonment enda, 275 
 
 relaaao on payment, 279 
 
 P>;inent of to naolar, 2H1 
 
 form of adjudication for, 2«10, 288 
 
 •nd Bnei, bow to be applied, 2»B, 200 
 Faijmy 
 
 or anbornatlon, defined, 382 
 •yJdencB on oharffe of, 382 
 corroboration required, 382 
 offanoe of, 382, 383 
 
 theft from the, 401 
 fmoaatloB 
 
 of candidate on oompetltlve or onallfTlni eiamlnall... tti 
 
 SI :n7or;Ke:f,"3-8-.' •-'" "-^'^'"^JX'^'^ 
 
 Id eleotioni, 384 
 
 oommanlcations made to, not privileged, 128 
 Petty TreipMi (gee Treipais) 
 
 olaim of right, defence of, 157 
 W«kp<»k«ti (lee Disorderly Conduct) 
 TtTa«7 
 
 ftnd piratical aats, 389 
 FUm of Xmprlwammt 
 
 on committal for less than two years, 280 
 
 when there is no gftol in county, '>80 
 
 when defendant already in gaol, 280 
 
 nuts (see Oardens) 
 
 vegetables, fruit, etc., wilful damage to, 413 
 foisoD (see Drugs) 
 
 admioittering so as to endanger life, 332 
 with Intent to injure, 332 
 
4Tt 
 
 wii.i p.p." <» '" '"^'rr'hj mI12»' <" -. 
 
 ogencel reipM*'""' '"' 
 fHtO«M(u>M>IU) 
 
 ,„„-0«m («. court., J..r..dl»,lo.) 
 
 ol Court ot APi;"' °," °,"« Act (... »e.n..o), l"""* 
 under Mercli«ut» Shlppln* •»■" 
 
 r„''Uior.ri (... <;">Ki;-C„rpu.), » 
 by magirtratei, JB- 
 
 fnjndlM 
 
 „.,u.Hfte.tiou "< i-'i-r„:tr"..td?a objection, 144 
 pHtioul.r ground. o( need nov 
 
isni:x 
 
 478 
 
 ftUd, 234 
 
 rnUaiufy BM«irtM la InAlfUU* OAmm 
 plH* of lioltlinf, iini M o|H>ii PoiiPt, 170 
 ■II tMrwint mv t»« .wimti-a ilirrt-rruni. 171) 
 prop«i)ur« oil, IMA 
 
 Ukliiif th« inrnrnintloii, K1 
 
 ••aprh wftrranti, M; 
 
 March witlinut WRrrniit, 1M(» 
 
 iiimninrifl «r wirmnt, whii'li to Imuo, tlHl 
 
 Hrvlps of ■iimiiioiin, tiM 
 
 wJiwn eorporatioiia il«rMi.iaiiti, Ui\l 
 
 j»ro«i>i|iir»< oil dt^rniilt nf u|>iwii»ticf, III"* 
 
 •▼■rrmit on ili-fHiiU, im 
 
 backiriir warrnntit, IW 
 
 jii«tip^i' iluly. wlifiiofftner fforatiiltteil m Bn.nli.TcountT. llM 
 
 e lido MwHir tit whvti wurratit "hnekfd." Ii».-» 
 
 arrwit wllliont warrant. INT. 107 
 t'y pflvatc in-pionn. lU" 
 t'y p**" offlPfM, ly? 
 
 efffPt of, L»IH( 
 
 duty of eonitahlii nfttr, iOO 
 coront>r'i warninl. I'Ol 
 uninjf forcB on arrt'nt, 'JO'.' 
 treiitnn*iit of (iriiionpr on iirro^i, j(i.'l 
 
 tiaiidctirntiir t>riiioii«r. L'll4 
 proci-edinipi before jmllci. on arrent, '204 
 rpuiandi, 'J«HI 
 hail. \im 
 
 order to gaoler to Itrinir up priitoner remnndfd, S»7 
 failure of ntteiidaiire on reninnd. and bait. ;.'07 
 witnesMi, procedure to proctirc iitn-lidatien of. iOH 
 ■ummoim to witn^'Hiit'H. '_>(H 
 
 ■ervlpf of. L'lIN 
 warrant)! auniust wUnesufM, t'O!) 
 treatment of. wJit*n nrrfntcd. I'lil 
 prooeedinffB aKainat. for conleinpt, 'Jilt 
 warrant airninHt. in flrnt inntunoe, 211 
 when out o' irovince, 21'J 
 affldavit for lubpipno to iiuoti witness, 2i:J 
 Order thereon, :;i;i 
 
 affldavit of nervine of nucli Biibpipna. I'U 
 execution of warrant. L'l.'> 
 
 conimiBsinn to examine witneiin out of Canada, Jl.'i 
 taking evidence of witneiH in person, 217 
 witnenti dan«ero»Rly ill, L'lH 
 depoiitionn tnken on a former trial. 222 
 coriifipBte of juHtice to dppoHltiouH. *_';;;( 
 admiaBiljillty of deponltionn nn evidence. 224 
 duty of justice in taking depositionB, J'J5 
 bearing evidence, procedrire on. 22.'i 
 
 forma of oaths and afflrniatious. 225, i'liO 
 
 absence of relifiious belief, 220 
 
 deaf muteN. ',. i 
 
 interpreter J > 
 
 evidence oi I.Jdren, J2" 
 
 heading of depooitiona. 227 
 
 justioeB" clerk and stenojrrapher, 227 
 
 oath of stenographer. 227 
 
 affidavit of stenographer to bo attached to depositions, 227 
 
474 INDEX. 
 
 rnllBinary InqniriM in IndloUbU OSUum- Continued. 
 
 takiDg the evidence, procedure on, 228, 229 
 warning to accused, 230 
 statement of accused, 230 
 accused not to be sworn, 232 
 statements by accused during trial, 23- 
 evidence for defence, 233 
 certificate of justice to depositions, 2Jd 
 bow proceedings regulated. 234 
 accused may waive preliminary examination, -do 
 remands after evidence taken, 235 
 disposition of case, 235 
 by dismissal, 235, 238 
 by committal, 235 
 warrant of commitment 236 
 bail, 236 
 
 requisites of, 236 
 recognizance of, 237 
 binding over prosecutor, 237, 238 
 witnesses' recognizance to appear at trial, AJ» 
 absconding witness, 239 
 
 information against, 239 
 warrant for, 240 
 
 execution of warrant, 240 , 
 
 sureties to appear at trial, form of recognizance, etc., -4i 
 copies of depositions, who entitled to, 241 
 proceedings to be sent to Crown Attorney, _4l 
 bail after committal for trial, 241 
 surrender of bail, 242 
 form of information in such cases. J4J 
 warrant to arrest on surrender, 243 
 execution of warrant, 243 
 procedure on arrest 243 
 commitment of accused, 243 
 warrant of commitment, 243 
 procedure when other sureties allowed, 244 
 to be held by justices, except when jurisdietion given to try 
 summarily, 418 
 
 144 
 
 diaqualifleation on grounds of, 142, 
 
 PTMervatum of the f eaee (see Riot) 
 near public works, 384 
 at public meetings, 384 
 
 PrMunptioii 
 
 in favour of qualification of ofBcer acting, 186 
 
 ^*r»vioiu OoBvietioii 
 
 examination of witness as to, 110 
 
 how proved, 110 
 
 p. .f of identity necessary, 130 
 
 a defence to subsequent charge tor same offence, 150-104 
 
 PrtTiooi Writtui Statamants 
 
 cross -exam 'nation of witness as to, 109 
 admissibility of, in evidence, 109, 128 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4T5 
 
 PrtTioni DMiaioB 
 
 bar. .ub>eqnent proceeding, („, g,„e offence, 151 -IM 
 "won (eee ImprlaoDment) 
 
 ewape and aiding in escape from, 357-359 
 
 brealiing and attempt to break, 357, 358 
 PriMntr (aee Accused ) 
 
 ireaiment of, on arrest, 203 
 nandcafflnff, 204 
 
 to be informed of nature of charge, 205 
 must be present at trial, 225 
 warniDg to on preliminary enquiry, 230 
 statement by (see Statement^ 232 "33 
 oflfences by, 352 ' 
 
 unlawfully procuring dieeharge of. 359 
 permitting escape of, 369 
 PriTy Conadl 
 
 appeals to in criminal matters 52 
 from Court of Appeal, 97 ' 
 Privata ladiTidotli 
 
 arrest by (see Arrest), 197 
 PrivUeg* 
 
 o. -"--,^|"j «fn.h,g to an.wer incriminating question., 107. 
 
 fil^bni.°v' jrr-?" '^""''io" o' ei'idence, 129 
 
 '\:\CTm° "™" °° ""°-« •<■ C"'"' to give 
 PriTileged Commimieatloiu 
 
 communication.^ and report, of offlcers, and offlcial inform- 
 informer need not di8clo.e source of information 1 1 1 
 commun,cat on. between solicitor and client I'e' 
 commun.cation. made to a prie.t or cleri^m'an l-e 
 
 n^^ .^ 'elegrams in pcession of telegraph commny 127 
 nor to banlt. as to customer's accounts f'?'^' 
 nor to communication, by patient to hi'. p"hy.ician 1"T 
 prosecutor not bound to disclose source, KSatroL 261 
 Pnia Fighting ' 
 
 definition of, 384 
 challenging to fight, 384 
 engaging in as principal, 385 
 attending or promoting, 385 
 leaving Canada to engage in, 385 
 
 Jelt'te! m''" "" °"'*"""" " •"• »«= 
 
 Proeednie (see Practice) 
 
 under Dominion laws not subject of provincial leirisl.tio„ o 
 in criminal case, the .ame a. before the Code j «"''"'°''' ^ 
 on appeal from summary conviction., 69.8" 
 on case stated by magistrate, 95 
 
476 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Proflfdan — Continueit. 
 
 „„ .pp».l. to Oe.er.l 8e..ion., uud6r-0=t.r,o law,, lOJ 
 
 on caie .tat.ll under Ontario law. 104 
 
 ^8 to evidence in oriminol procee_d.ng.. 130, IJl 
 
 po,e^?or"nr""'.'nVS;.'r;*te. to regulate while holding 
 
 on preii=V-.'''i«-. - "^"""^^ '"' '"'^"""""'' '°" 
 on .un.raS'tr;.rby in.tic,.. ^,0, regulated (.00 Sun.n,.ry 
 h, ;:;ygttX';r«''r;'gi'..-.od Cee Sun.n.ar, Triai. h. 
 Magistrates), 282 
 (see also Particular Title.) 
 
 rrrre'::t'p°;rin,r. en,uirles^.or indictahle o.ences (see 
 
 accuS'i=KliS2=lj|^;;^;<j;--^,,„, 
 
 adjonrnment when information differs from cnarg 
 particular, ot charge may be ""'"^d 20o 
 Lccused not to be convicted .ummanlj on, -UO 
 
 °r.S''o,°:cc!;'"d r" wear on remand, 207 
 
 right of counsel to .um np evidence, 2J4 
 change of place of hearing, 2J4 
 ?f''hltr?tlTuSes-,'iU-h must hea^r a„ evidence, 234 
 
 Dlaoe ot hearing not an open court, -i* 
 ?reHminaryexamin.tion may be waived^ ^35 ^^^ 
 
 Sn committal paper, to be «««' «°^rown At ' 
 
 on .ummary trial, by J"".'"'. (see summary trial.), 282 
 Z l=o7ii;;°S.e''oS'rjL'ruven°i'E> o/ender.), 2.1 
 
 M. (see Information; Summon.; Warrant) 
 to bo i-sned by ju.tice taking information, .46 
 u.tico issuing need not try the case, 240 
 not to i.Bue without information, J5. 
 
 r^v- ,°^irttaow'crfo'rrr.r'"'.ut= ..d form, 255 
 
 ProeUmttion 
 
 fo^Ur'S Vi».tice to dLperse riotous assemblies, 389 
 
 ProcBxing (see Seduction) , 393 
 
 PiodMtloii of DocnmMit. 
 
 summon, to witness to produce, 208 
 
INDEX. 4Yy 
 
 PnhiUtioB 
 
 when Rranted, 54, 55 
 to whom granted, 55 
 waiver of right to, 56 
 applieatioi] V -, 56 
 appeal no bar to, 56 
 notice of molion for, 56 
 affidavit for, 57 
 order for, 5S 
 Troieoator 
 
 may be bound over to prosecute indictment "aH 
 reooKnizance of, iti micli ease, li;ts 
 death of, does not abate proeeedinga. 240 
 default of apiearance on summary trial "59 
 '.otiee to. in such ease, liSy 
 procedure on non-appearance after notice, "59 
 not bound to discloBe sources of information ■'61 
 orosfl-examination of, on summary trial, llfil 
 ProtpMlM *° ''"'"^' 'I"e«tion8, touching disqualification of justice, 261 
 
 false, issuing of. 36l> 
 ProtMtioa 
 
 nf rffllT' ''•'\'",''"«""i."B iucriminating questions, 128 
 of tTr. ' ■"'*" ■^°'*^ assisting in making arrests, im, m, 20" "03 
 of wtness conniig to Canada to give evidence, ifiii ' "*'-"--"■* 
 froTinoUl Statntfli 
 
 rules made under, not applicable to criminal 
 appeals under, 9« 
 
 matters, 2 
 
 application of, to laws of evidence in criminal proceedings, l.'JO, 131 
 
 must be negatived in description of offence, 111 li- 
 Public ' 
 
 exclusion of, from trials. 179. 234, 235, ■*60 
 
 on trial of juvenileoffeuders (see Juvenile Offenders), 179, 293 
 Pablie CooveyanoM 
 
 gaming in (see Gambling), 370 
 Pnblio Doenmsuti 
 
 how proved, 112 
 Pnblio Laadi 
 
 intimidation of bidders at sales of, 416 
 Fablie HMtingi 
 
 lying in wait for persons returning from, 33R 
 preservation of peace at, 3S4 
 offences against order at, 385 
 PabUo Xorali 
 
 exclusion of public from trials in interest of, 179, 234, 235, 260 
 Public Offiotra 
 
 i-'ommunicating official information, 346 
 false accounting by. 362 
 assaults on, 337, 416 
 theft by, 396 
 
 of goods under seizure, 398 
 obstructing or resisting in discharge of duty, 382 
 breach of duty by, ."JHG 
 wounding while on duty, 416 
 
478 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 (klsifylDg 0* making falie extracts or eertifloatei from, 367 
 rnblkSMli 
 
 counterfeiting, 352, 367 
 PobUe Bt«rM 
 
 right of b<;arcb for, 189 
 
 offences rei.'pecting, 386 
 
 Pnblio Work! 
 
 right of search for weapons and intoxicating liquors near, 189 
 
 pres'^'^ation of peace near, 384 
 Fiblie Wonltip (see Worship) 
 
 places of, breaking Into (see Burglary), 343 
 
 disturbing, 353 
 poniahmeBt (see Penalties) 
 
 in particular jases (see Synopsis of Offences), 325-418 
 
 powers of iastice as to, 269-272 
 
 to be in strict accordance with statute, 269, 271 
 
 justice cannot refuse to inflict nor award less than minimum, 269 
 
 when discharge of prisoner authorized on satisfaction being 
 made, 269 
 
 cases which may be disminscd as trifling, 269 
 
 release of prisoner on probation of good conduct, 270 
 
 award oi 90 days imprisonment instead of 3 months invalid, 271 
 
 when statute provides fine and imprisonment, both may be 
 awarded, 271 
 
 when provision made for by different statotes, 271 
 
 when not provided for by statute relating to offence, 271 
 
 when several persons convicted of same offence, 271, 272 
 
 on charge of assault by more than one person, 272 
 
 cases in which separate convictions required, 272 
 
 and trial of juvenile offenders, 291-308 
 Qaallfloatioii of Jostlow and XagiitntM 
 
 property qualification of justices, 133 
 
 oaths to be taken by justices, 134 
 
 neglect to gualify, I'M, 135 
 
 failure to qualify does not necessarily invalidate proceedings, 136 
 
 qualification o! magistrates, 135 
 QnarriM 
 
 leaving excavation for, unguarded, 380 
 Quarter Beisloiis (see General Sessions) 
 QaB■hiI^[ Conviotioni (see Certiorari; Convir>^ion) 
 
 on motion for certiorari, 12, 32 
 
 on appeal (see A^tieal), 76-78, 101 
 
 powers of Supreme Court as to, 51 
 
 on habeas corpus (sea Habeas Corp'.!«l, 45-47 
 
 ftaeations of law 
 
 what deemed to be, 86 
 Baea (see Horse Race) 
 
 betting on, not an oft'^ar^e. 387 
 
 BafU 
 
 injury to (see Wilful Injury), 387 
 
INDEX. 
 
 479 
 
 then of tickets of, 307 
 Btealingon, 400 
 damage to, 414 
 
 ^SfcsT;:!:^jss;;^r ^i^-"-' -■ "» ■■'^. -« 
 
 to.injure property on, 386 ""' P'""". •"*» 
 aamaging property, defaciijg notices etn 1«(l 
 
 cri.h.a, bfeSeTo?c'„',rtrt"t'''';*:r«:;' """•"• "^ 
 
 .ame cau.ing delay or .toppage Jo train,, 380 
 lUpe 
 
 definition of, 387 
 
 offence and punishment of, 387 
 BMfliptt 
 
 fraudulent, 369 
 
 for grain, issuing false, 370 
 BweiTing Stolen Property 
 
 or retaining stolen goods, 401 
 stolen letter bags, letters, etc 401 
 Beeital 
 
 in conviction, when conclusive, 137 
 'Beeogniiuioes (see Bail) 
 
 on application for certiorari, 6. 9 10 
 rulea of court as to 7 ' < < " 
 
 form of, 8 
 how enforced, « 
 justification by sureties 8 
 
 affidavit of, 9 
 affidavit of execution of, 9 
 to gaoler on habeas corpus 41 
 
 °" "•"tnt'i'.Son'rrn"-;..-"'" '°»« '™" -■"'=«»» 
 
 «°n rp'piTtreo'iyj'^i^-t' *''''"™' "•''■ «^ 
 
 estreatment of, after appeal, 101 
 
 00 preliminary enquiry for indiotabie ofTenees orni 
 S=.fo?,"i^n^.Sr,r.?o1'"- °' -"- "appear, .07 
 on remand after evidence tal(en, 235 
 
 on summary trials by justices, 244 
 
 of witness to appear and give evidence, 239 
 
 refusing ,n first instance to be so bound 239 
 
 of Pro''s'ec,torZ!,°„'°"°*''°." """' '"■ '' »'""" "> "I-"'""!. 241 
 oi prosecutor to appear and prosecute indictment "'lil 
 
 for ,^L t 1.'"^" '"" '^"''='e» ■" ""e Peace , 275 335 
 for good behaviour of juvenile offender, 294 
 
480 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 iMordm (fiee Police Mafciiitrate) 
 
 jurisdiction and powen of, 26'J 
 ■•iBnutory PrlioB 
 
 for bovH, commitment to {uve Juvenile Offenden^), 296-304 
 ■Hiatwt of Urtlu 
 
 falHifyinf;, defltroyinff, iiijiiriiiio; or defaeinff, 367 
 txtracts or certified copies of, 367 
 B<l>tl<nnhlp 
 
 diequaliflcation of justices by reason of, 141 
 SaiMM of PriiOBH (see Discharfie) 
 
 OD probation of pood oondnct, ^70 
 
 on Hatisfiiction being madv to party agt^rieved, 260, 270 
 
 on payment of fine, '279, L'Hl 
 BeUfliou BtUtf 
 
 absence of in case of witiiesf^, -26 
 
 witness cannot be crosB-exarained as to, 226 
 
 forms of oaths and affirmation)' to be according to, 226 
 
 juvenile offenders to be confined in institution of mame denomina- 
 tion us parents, 316 
 
 ■•mandi (see Adjournment) 
 
 of prisoner on habeas corpus, 47 
 
 arrested as a fugitive offender, 170 
 in case of variance between information or process and charge 
 
 laid, 205 
 on preliminary enquiries, 206 
 
 form of, 206 
 accused may be brought up before time fixed by, 207 
 order to gaoler to bring up prisoner in such case, 207 
 after evidence taken on preliminary enquirv, 235 
 
 form of, 235 
 
 bail on, 235 
 accused to be present when judgment given after, 235 
 in proceedings on summary trial by justices, 262, 263 
 on bail, for sentence, or on probation, 269, 270 
 
 iM A4]adieaU 
 
 general rules of law as to, I'lO, 151 
 
 when defence of, ousts jurisdiction, 151 
 
 previous conviction in foreign country, effect of. 151 
 
 previous decision must be on the merits, 151 
 
 if facts are the same though charge different, jurisdiction 
 
 ousted, 151 
 where additional facts constituting new offence subsequently 
 
 arise, 131, 152, 133 
 where two offences committed by the same unlawful acts, 152 
 acts constituting offences under different statutes, 152 
 issue on both proceedings must be identical, li>2 
 acquittal on charge of committing an offence bars charge for 
 
 attempt, 152 
 collusion between justice and defendant, effect of, 152 
 where previous conviction beyond justice's jurisdiction, 152 
 provisions of Criminal Code as to, 153 
 lawful acquittal a good defence, 133 
 acquittal for murder no bar to charge for assault, 153 
 on charge for stealing one of several articles, 153 
 
481 
 
 iM Ai^wHuU—CcnUnite'f. 
 
 wfaen char^ practkdUr the same but matter of agsravatioii 
 
 added, 153 
 defence of, available on preliminary enquiry, 153 
 certiflcate of acquittal, effect of, 153, 154 
 same proviiiions applicable to juvenile offenderB, l.')4 
 certificate of acquittal in cases of aHgauU, 154 
 when civil action barred by, in BHRault canes, 154 
 when defence of, must be raised, 154 
 waiver of, 154 
 discharge on preliminary enquiry no defence to fresh prosecution, 
 
 of goods seized under process, assault with intent to, 337 
 of prisoners (see Escape), 357 
 
 BMarradOaM (see Case Stated) 
 
 by justice on summary proceedings, 83 
 
 by magistrate on summary trial under Criminal Code, 1)5 
 
 proceedings on case reserved, 9(i 
 
 on refusal of case, 96 
 when case may be reserved, QQ 
 to Court of Appeal under provincial laws, 103 
 
 [ ArrMt (see Arrest) 
 force justified in overcoming resistance, 202 
 assault with intent to resist or prevent arrest, 337 
 
 BMpouibility fox Crimv (see Disability) 
 
 persons under disability to commit crime, 163, 165 
 
 wfaen claim of title a good defence, 154 
 
 when honest cla' a of right may be set up, 154, 159 
 
 when guilty knowledge or intent must be shewn (see Mens 
 
 Kea), 159 
 of master for acts of servant (see Master and Servant), 161, 249 
 of corporations (see Corporations), 192, 255 
 
 BMtltDtioB (see Restoration) 
 
 money found on person may be applied in making, 286 
 may be ordered in cases of juvenile offenders, 296, '297 
 
 Baatoratiaa of Btdan Freperty 
 
 of mined metals, appeal from order for, 82 
 
 authority of justices to order, 286, 287 
 
 of property or its proceeds found on prisoner, 286, 287 
 
 when prisoner not convicted, 287 
 
 when in hands of third persons, 287 
 
 property found on prisoner, but not connected with offence, 287 
 
 XHtraint of Trade 
 
 combinations in (see Trade), 387, 403 
 Xstnzn 
 
 to writ of certiorari (see Certiorari), 11 
 
 to writ of habeas corpus (see Habeas Corpus), 40-43 
 
 forms of, 42 
 to writ of mandamus (see Mandamus), 67 
 by constable, to distress warrant, 81 
 of convictions (see Keturns by Magistrates and Justices), 288,297 
 
 31— a. 
 
482 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ■atuw br lUglitntM ullutim 
 
 lo b» mkda to the elerk of tha paue, 388 
 
 bjr two or moro justlooi heuing i!omp]>int. 288 
 
 (orms of, 28H 
 
 psmltlea tor daholt in msklni, 289 
 
 ty mKiitriitet to th« clerk of the pewe, (iid inepeetor ot legal 
 
 otSaea, 28D 
 penalty tor default, 280 
 
 how llnea reoeWed are to be dealt with, 289, 290 
 oonviotion of juvenile oftendera, 297 
 
 laranM 
 
 infrsotiona ot lawa reapecting, 404 
 
 Itwaid («ee Stolen Property) 
 
 corruptly taking, tor procuring return ot atolcn property, 387 
 
 adrertiiing tor return ot itoien property, 388 
 Bight, Claim of (oee Claim of Bight) 
 
 when juatioe'e juriadiotlon ouated by, 154, 187, 189 
 
 what conatitutea, 157 
 
 in bigamy eaaea, 157 
 
 in wilful damage oaaoa, 187, 413 
 
 in proaecutions under Petty Treapaaa Act, 157 
 
 in aaaault oaaea, 158 .,,,,,,„ 
 
 procedure when claim raiaed, 157, IM 
 
 proviaiona of Criminal Code reapecting, 158, 413 
 
 in caac of abduction ot a child, 158 
 
 Queatlon to be decided by juatice, 187, 158, 160 
 
 review ot decision on motion to quaah conviction, 159 
 
 groonda tor quaahing conviction in auch caaea, ia» 
 
 Biota 
 
 unlawful abBembliea defined, 388 
 what deemed to be, 388 .... . „„» 
 
 reading the Riot Act, duty of juatioea, aa to, J88 
 form ot proclamation to be road, 389 
 calling ont militia, for anppreaaion ot, 389 
 proceedinga tor auppreeslon of, 389, 390 
 magistrate's duties and powers, 390 
 
 J?re''st'o?"peii,n"'c°om'mitting, or about to commit breachea ot 
 
 the peace, 391 
 neglect ot duty by peace oncers, 391 
 
 ot peraons to aid in auppreasion of, 391 
 
 riotonaly demolishiug, or beginning to demollah property, 391 
 inciting Indians to riotoua acta, 381 
 
 Babhery 
 
 offence of, 400 , 
 
 aasault with Intent to commit, 337, 400 
 
 definition ot, 400 
 
 and wounding, 400 ... 
 
 or assault, with intent, by more than one person, 400 
 
 from the person, 401 
 
 by a peraon armed, 401 
 
 asaault with intent, by auch peraon, 401 
 
 Bnlaa ot Conrt 
 
 courts authorized to make, in criminal matters, 1, 48 
 under Judicature Act not applicable, 2 
 
INDEX. 
 
 488 
 
 quMhlDft conviction on eertionri, 10 
 to lUte a caifl, M) 
 BttlvVU 
 
 to quMh conTiclion on certiorari, Vd 
 Mrvloe of, 16 
 
 to JiiBticu to stats a case, 80 
 •alcof Oeod« 
 
 under distreii trarrant, 277-279 
 
 notice of tale, 27H 
 
 nppraiHement, 27^ 
 
 inventory, 278 
 
 dutioi of conitabltt as to, 27H, 279 
 
 feei of conitable on, 279 
 
 latiitutlOB 
 
 to party agffrievcd. release of prisoner on making, '26b, 270 
 fflhool HooMi 
 
 breakinjj and enterin(r (see Burglary), 344 
 
 >« (gee Seamen) 
 
 oftenoes committed at. jurisdiction of justices respecting. 171 175 
 form of warrant for offence, VJ.i "pot-uog, lu, wo 
 
 8««li of Court 
 
 counterfeiting, 352, 367 
 
 on British ships amenable to Canadian laws. 171 
 
 jurisdiction of magistrates and justii-es resprotinff 171-174 
 
 leave of Uovernor- General required in case of foFeigners, 171 
 
 procedure as to offences committed by, 173 174 
 
 on great lakes amenable to Oanadian law, 174 
 
 warrant for arrest of such offenders, 174 
 
 execution of warrant, 174 
 
 proof required to nationality of ship, 174 
 
 jurisdiction when offence committed out of Canada. 175 
 
 right of search for. im ».•<•' 
 
 ••anh, Bight of fsee Search Warrants) 
 for stolen goods, etc., 187 
 without warrant, 1M9 
 for public stores, ISf) 
 
 for timber or lumber improperly detained, 1S9 
 under Wreck and Salvage Act, 1N9 
 Fugitive Offender's Act, 189 
 
 Act for preservation of the peace near public works 189 
 for intoxicating liquor, 1S9 
 
 animals under Contagious Diseases Act, 189 
 sailors unlawfully secreted, 189 
 mined minerals, 188 
 
 females enticed into houses of ill-fame, 188 
 gaming or betting houses, 188, 393, 371 
 for lotteries f.r lottery tickets. 188 
 
 vagrant ar disorderly persons, 189 
 on a, rest of prisoner, 203 
 for vagrants, 357 
 
484 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 iMnk Wututt 
 
 on lirrMi o( tugitiKi olamlira, 171 
 i»u» of. 187 
 
 Juitiee OftDDOt r«tui«, INO 
 Dccsitlty for, 1K7 
 Hpantc Informatloii to b« Uld, 18< 
 
 f.7."?',l°'''b"i;.d •■ »«r good. ..k.„ m .noth., county, 188 
 
 may be inmed In iieveril oountli^t, 188 
 
 how rxecuted, IBt* 
 
 ditpoital of goodn ieiied under, 1MB 
 
 for other th»n Koodi .tolen (tee Betreh Kight of), 188, 18B 
 
 ■«uflh wlthont Wunat 
 
 CAMi in which Be»rcb may be made. 180 
 
 form! of Information and warrant in luch CRiei, IW 
 
 Uvuitf (Bee Recognizance) 
 
 on application for certiorari, 0, 0, 10 
 
 on habeaii corims, 37 ^ ^ , . ,.„ ., -o 
 
 on appeal to HessionB under Dominion lawt, 71, i£ 
 
 on cftBe Btateii by juBtiee, 87 
 
 on appeal to county judge, 79 
 
 on case Htated under Ontario lawa, 104 
 
 for good behaviour of prisoner released on remand, -»* 
 
 Idf-Dafnee 
 
 what may be done in repelling assault, JJO 
 
 ••dwtifln 
 
 of a girl under fourteen years, 302 
 
 of girl of previous cbatite character, 30_ 
 
 of unmarried woman under twenty-one years, 30J 
 
 o?pMsen^"r by master or person employed on veBBels, 303 
 parent or guardian permitting, 303 
 of an Idiot, 304 
 
 lelnxe 
 
 of goods under distress warrant, -77 
 
 by public or peace officer, theft of, 398 
 
 lerrant (see Master and Servant) 
 
 wfaf^n master responsible for acts of, 161, 249 
 master or mistreBs causing bodily harm to, J34 
 false accounting by, 362 
 
 of notice for certiorari, 3, 4 
 
 affidavit of. 3 
 
 of no*ice of obje-tions to certiorari, 14 
 
 of rule for certiorari, 16 
 
 of writ of habeas corpus, 40 
 
 of notice of appeal, 70 j ,, - 
 
 of summons, when and how to be made, l. 
 
 on corporationH, 192 
 what Buffleient proof of, 102 
 of summons to witaesses, 208, 209 
 of subpoena on witness out of province, -14 
 alBdavit of, 214 . , ^ ■ *- ohk ok? 
 
 of summons on summary trial by justice, 255, 257 
 on corporations, how effected, 256 
 
*Hi 
 
 wlimi cliirninl In liirormallon, mllret of, 'm '.11 
 
 h KalrM (itve \W»iiottpi}, 40M 
 •Urlt 
 
 prolilMu..! from ai'llni »■ a Jiiitlrg, ]:i:i 
 poWHM of, aa lo •iir>|'rciiiiou of |>rl«B li([ht, :iH."i 
 ■hipf (nvv Seamen) 
 
 jurl.,lk.tl„,, „,,J po,,„ 0, j„.,|„ „ ,„ „,,„„. ,„,„„,„„j ^^^ 
 
 i'.""::;r,!;;„;"4r"'°"''"'' "•""'"« '° ■•"■■ ■'"< 
 
 lUpwrMk (B.?e Wrt-ek) 
 
 offwriccs rfdiiei'titiK, 417, 4m 
 ■hortliand 
 
 evidfiice mny !>«* takfn in, ui(|, ^"'7 
 Mte»of{ruph«r niutil Iw Nwoni, I'l?" 
 oath of BtfiioKrHplifP, T27 
 aftiiJavit of Hti-imj^ruiilier, L'L'7, Jiis 
 Handtr (see Libel) 
 ■Irsala 
 
 marine, wilful iuterfereucf witli, 394 
 BmnffUnf 
 
 infraction of iMmtoniB' Iuwh, 404 
 fodoay 
 
 offuiice of, 394 
 attempts to commit, 304 
 ■oUeitor (see Counsel iinii Solicitor) 
 
 wliencommunieatioriBniuih- topriyileired l-'G t-'T 
 
 prolubiteii from aetiujf a« juatioe, ];J3 ' -- - 
 
 rife'ht of defendant to be represented by, ;»61 
 BUUmtnta by AeooMd (aee Confesaionn) 
 
 on prelimiiiflry euquiry, SM 
 
 form of, uao 
 
 admissibility of, in evidence at trial, "W "31 
 
 mode of obtaining, 230, i;;tl 
 not admissilile on prisoner's behalf, i;.(l 
 when parol evidence of, may I»h i-iven ■■3> 
 how proved, 1131! 
 
 effect of irregularity in taking, 232 
 apcused not to lie sworn, 232 
 may be impeached by defence, 232 
 made during progress of trial, 233 
 in oross-exuniiiiiition of witnesses, 2?' 
 SUUmanU bjr WitneiHi 
 
 made on previous examination, cross-examinatioD as to, 109 
 SUtiitg Cut (see ('a?e Stated) 
 

 IN DEI. 
 
 ' mlptfonrtruftlon of, by Juitic*. M .... ,„ih v\h 
 ,«puKn«nt to provl.lout of lmp.rl.1 Aeti Yold. LI* 
 
 •U«tot(»« Theft) 
 
 ebildn)!) u..d«r fourfen y«ri. (». Abdue Ion) , 3.7 
 
 ,.rop«ly from dwUlng. o th. v»lu.j>( J^. JW 
 
 by mi.«nt of plcklm-ki. f.l»« k«yt, «te., 400 
 
 property In fwtorle*. "t*^' *"*' 
 
 from tblpii, whurvM, etc., 400 
 
 on r»llwEy«, 400 
 ■uuitoftt TUkMi 
 
 tbt>rt of, au7 
 ■tn«fnpk«r (•«• Hhorthtnd) 
 
 Uklnft •Tidenee by, 210. '^1 
 
 onth or ftmrmittlon by, 2U7 
 
 afCdftvit of. 2-.'7, 'J'JH 
 ItlpwJUry HHi«tn^ <»« ^°"<^' Maglitrftt*) 
 
 jurisdiction of, 282 
 
 ■tMka 
 
 Bumbling Id (iee Oftming) 370 
 
 ****^.>?J?h'w.rrantii for (■«« B^irch W»r«nti). 187 
 receivinn by hunbaiid or wife, Jl»7 
 
 or retalnintc. 4(Jl 
 briiiifinB into t'anadu, 402 
 corruptly takiiiB reward for, 387 
 adTtfrtiilDg reward for» 388 
 
 ■traogUsg 
 
 or iuffocatlng any person, 332 
 
 InbenatloB (aee Perjary), 382 
 labpflna (tee Witneiiiei) 
 
 to witneii out of province, on appe«l> 76 
 
 in proTlnoe, 208 
 
 out of province, 214 
 
 '*^c'Ju».elUng, .Idiog or .betting, 331, 395 
 
 attempting, 3US 
 ■unBU7 0«a»l«tl<0« (lee Summ.ry Trl.U) 
 
 rEiioro7irW;g^.».m«,on H9 
 
 ^^^ ^X^lXS:^:pi'^ ind,....,. ...nee, .05 
 
 prmeiiore on, how regulated, U4 
 
 jurisdiction ot ju.tloe, a. to .45 
 
 oBenee triable •ummarily, 247, 32., 418 
 
 requislten of information, .47 
 
 by whom information ""y ''^'T'i/L,. 
 
 againat whom information to be laid, 248 
 
 death of informer, eHec' o<. =« 
 
 description of offences, 249, 32., 418 
 
 only one offence to be charged, -JSO 
 
 procea. not to issue without mformation, 25. 
 
 :tiZ Se L°,'arTed"o°n i:l^"rm.tlon for .n IndiCbl. Cnee, 253 
 
MtOU. 
 
 487 
 
 7 Trial! k; IMIM 
 
 ptfcc* w;i«Fit bvltl, an open court 170 "nn 
 public riBht ol «.c,.. ,|,.r.lo, 170 ■Ml 
 procfdiir, on, liow n,|culi<Uil, i'J4, LH,1 ■■.l.i 
 
 ii, . V of Ju.lln,,, ,„„ ,.„„,,„,'j and iimiicd 'M.l 
 ■"""'"Tak:'!''..;,"""" '"■""'' '■"•"•- .""...nof .vMcn.. 
 
 ju.ljc. lakli.u in(omallon n<-ed not bfar lb. cau -in 
 J»»l .... acting mu.l Lave JurlKllctlon. Ml ' 
 
 niformatloi,, ,.,,,„l.llci of |.,.c InfVmution), ■>i7 
 by anil aifainal «bora to bo luiil HH 
 
 d.scrlptloii of offence, (.so offence.), MO a'>'' 4111 
 only ona offence to be cliatBed, 2,10 251 
 ■everal offence., effect of "Uti ""il ' " 
 
 dTY'of'i^ll" ''•""'•'""" ",' "''"«■•• •«"" "'. =31 
 
 "ben lumnion. or warrant .boiiM l.Kue ",1l ■■.1" 
 
 proc... not to l„u« wlthonl inforni.tloi, 25'' ' ' 
 
 waive, of defect, in Inforn.atlon ,n,l proc •.., „l„t con.lltute. '.V. 
 
 wben appearance of defendant alone ...ental "vS' " 
 
 when reirularlly in procedure caential, ""s ' 
 
 def,nj„n^.__..„„„,^b. cbargej for on. offence .n,l convicted of 
 
 """aalfavir'fot'S"' "''" "«'«"•'•■" .«tltlea7„"^5;*° 
 
 ff nn. of proceedhifi., 2.'i.'» ' 
 
 r'^Sm""."''"™ «°'P°'«"°n> defendant., 255, 256 
 liability of corporation., 2.te 1 - , <»jo 
 
 execution of warrant., 2.1.'>, 2.'j6, 257 
 lervice of aummouBe. and proce.a, 255 257 ■>58 
 proceedii.it. may be taken in abnence of partie. "57 
 procedure in ab.once of defendant, effect of ■",7' 
 warrant for arreat of accused on default. 257 "'19 
 wlien defendant appear, but pro.ecutor doe.'not "59 
 notice to prosecutor in .neb case., 259 
 procedure after notice, 2.19 
 
 if neither party appears, 250 
 
 if partie. appear personally or by counsel, 260 
 
 when accused under sixteen year, of aire 260 
 duty of justice at hearing, 2611 
 
 where defendant or his counsel admit the charm 260 
 plea of guilty may be entered by accused or his counsel "60 
 
488 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 IVBBUay TtUli 19 JvtOM— Continued. 
 
 procedure when acouied defends, 260 
 
 exclusion of piiblio and witnesses, 260 
 
 right of defendant to oounsel, 261 
 
 cross-eitamination of prosecutor, 261 
 
 justice may be called upon to give evidence. Ml 
 
 witnesses for defence, 261 
 
 taking down the evidence, 261 
 
 at coMlinion ot erldenoe both partle. to b. heard, 263 
 duty of jmtieo after hearing eTidenoe, 264 
 adiodieatlon (see Adjudication), 264 
 oouTictlon, tequinitee of (nee Coniriction) , a>3 
 
 forms of, 265 
 costs, provisions as to, 26o, 206, i67 
 
 tariff of. 206 
 
 justice's fees, 266 
 
 witness fees, 266 
 
 constabie's fees, 266 
 
 enforcing payment of, 206, 267 
 
 on dismissal where no penaity imposed, 267, 268 
 
 distress warrant for, 268 . . „. 
 
 excessive costs, effect of award of, m» 
 
 nenaity against justice therefor, 268 ^ naa 
 
 5n conviction to be ordered to be paid to informant, 268 
 memorandum of adjudication, 268 
 
 if charge dismissed, 268 
 
 form and requisites of, 269 •„k.«i.f.*1 
 
 punishment; duty and powers of justice as to (see Punishment), 
 
 discharge of offender on satisfaction to party aggrieved, 269 
 
 in cases of a triBing nature, 269 
 releaae of defendant on probation, 270 
 
 or on sureties for good behaviour, 270 
 procedure on information being laid thereafter, 270 
 ber*h[c^.=Lrdl:rry^^M?^Si"yo;^ipara.e 
 
 271 
 oompensation, award of, 272 
 when fine to b« paid, 272 
 
 award of distress (see Distress), 273 
 
 imprisonment, award of (see Imprisonment), -73, .i4 
 
 eonourrent or consecutive sentences, -74 
 
 "when money penalty or imprisonment or both provided for, 274 
 
 when imprisonment to begin and end, 274, 271) 
 
 aureties to lieep the peace (see Articles of the P.act, . -<s, JJ4 
 
 warrants, forms of, 276 
 
 by whom issued, 276 
 
 when goods out of county, 277 
 
 seUur'Tntteo/U. (»- ?.ie of Goods), 277, 278 
 
 forms of proceedings on, 2.8 
 
 constable's fees on, 279 
 
 duty of constable as to, 278, 279 
 release of defendant on payment, 2i9 
 return by constable, 279 
 costs of executing distress warrant, .80 
 place of imprisonment, 280 
 payment to gaoler, 281 
 discharge of prisoner on payment, 281 
 
INDEX. 489 
 
 lommary TrUli bcfon JUfistratM 
 
 case stated on (see Case Stated), 95 
 jurisdiction of magistrates, 2*!;i, 322, 418 
 
 does not extend to cases of forgery, 2Hft 
 when consent of accused necessary, 282, 283 3"" 418 
 duty of magistrate in cases tried by consent L'si" 
 procedure to shew compliance with statutory requirements "84 
 notice to accused of right to trial Iiy jury *»84 
 magistrate not bound to try case summarily "85 
 when decision to try summarily should be arrlTed at, 285 
 when papers must be transmitted to clerk of the peace, 285 
 costs and eipensesof prosecution maybeawarded to prosecutor 285 
 money found on accused may be applied in payment of 285 
 how payment of same enforced, 285 
 
 to be lixed according to lowi-st scale of superior courts "SB 
 costs may be awarded when penalty Is line or imprisonment or 
 
 uotli, J86 
 and may be imposed in addition to fine nnd imprisonment, 288 
 hard '»^^jr, Po^'ef of magistrate to awani (soe Hard Labour), 
 form of adjudication for penalties, 286 
 
 restoration of property, powers of magistrate to award, '*m "87 
 security for fjood behaviour, li87 
 
 ^"I* in addition to or in lieu of Imprisonment mav be awarded ''87 
 and additional imprisonment in default of payme'nt of fine "sV 
 when females may be sent to house of refuge, 288 
 children not to be sent to plaee for adult paupers, 288 
 commitment to Central [.rinon and other penal institutions, 288 
 returns of convictions by luagiatrates, 288, 289 
 Sammoiu 
 
 to prosecutor, on appeal to countv judge, 100 
 
 cases in whichsummons or warrant to be issued in first instance, 
 
 form and contents provided for, 190 
 reasonable time to appear, must be given, 191 
 serviee of, 191 
 
 to be made by constable, 191 
 to witnesses (see Witnesses), 208 
 service of, 208 
 
 when out of province, 212-214 
 must be issued by justice taking information, 246. 247 
 requisites of, 251 
 
 when justice should issue in summary proceedings, 251, ^'t'i 
 to be issued on complaint for payment of money, 2r»2 
 issue of, on summary trials, before magistrates, 255, 257 
 service of in such cases, 255, 257 
 Sunday (see Holidays) 
 
 judicial acts prohibited on, 147 
 judicial notice will be taken of, 147 
 ministerial acta, which may be performed on, 147 
 backing warrants, 147 
 taking informations, 147 
 
 issuing and executing warrants of arrest, 147, 194 
 public meetings prohibited on. 374 
 revelling, brawling, disturbance of, etc., 374 
 playing games, racing, gambling on, etc.. 374 
 hunting, shooting, tishing, etc.. on, 374 
 excursions by rail, or boat, on, 374 
 selling liquor on, 374 
 
V i 
 
 
 490 """•*• 
 
 •"^rc?,?.'.! iun.d,.tion de«n.d I 
 powera ot, a. to rule> ot procedure, 2 
 
 ••^pp.11.1.., on hilure o. .pp..! to c„„„ty judg., XOl 
 oi biil, procedure on (.e« Bail), 242 
 
 •^r.r.oT:. cU„e.. U,nit..iou o. .iu.e ,or pro.ecu.iou, „d 
 jurisdiction of tribunal!, 32S-418 
 
 TftUnc De»" S»idinoe , , „.„ 
 6!i prelimiuary enquiriea, 262 
 
 Telapapba 
 
 obatrnoting working ot, 395 
 wiHul damage to, 414 
 
 ^•"^ntrol ol telegraph company, not privileged, 127 
 ending in (al«e name, 3ra 
 containing false matter, mi 
 
 *"^?fnl injur,, or damage by, 395, 412 
 
 thelt by, 396 
 Tetritoiial IniUdiotioa (lee Jurisdiction) 
 
 ■" i^t^Xt^stSmSd'in iiltice's county, 167 
 
 ?t rceused in county hot offence committed elsewhere, 168 
 it. pABBS for unlawful receiving, 169 
 ^™r offences committed on boundaries of counties, 169 
 Xnces begun in one county and completed in another, 169 
 by maif °ng a fraudulent statement in Ontario to a person 
 
 in Quebec, 169 
 pemrding mails or travellers, 169 , 
 
 .iding"r abetting in one county, offence, committed m 
 
 another, 168 . , j. 4 i *_ i7n 
 
 offences oommitted in unorganized districta, 17W 
 over fugitive offendew. 170 
 
 offences committed at sea, i7i 
 or on the great lakes, 174 
 or out of Canada, 175 
 
 TMtamtnt&iT InstnuMnU 
 theft of, 397 
 
 ^^here defined and law stated, 395 
 
 rnrisdiction of magistrates and justices to t^, 395 
 iarious charges included in offence of, 396-404 
 from the person, 401 
 
 o!f^:«r?^^«^:^i-— '•^^' 
 
 of thing, not otherwise provided for, 40- 
 
 attempts to commit, 402 
 
 ?irJsSSrif*°a'magi.tr.te or two i "•«"•"'''<"" --""• "^ 
 
 Kots, fruit, vegetables, »'«■; "! K«"»™'- ^"^ 
 
 of dome.tic or caged animals "bird., 403 
 
 of property in Indian graves, 40i 
 
 of tame pigeon". 403 
 
INDEX. 
 
 491 
 
 TIUMtl 
 
 ftttemptiog to disiaade person from givloK evideDce by me«Di 
 
 of, 340 
 to inftuence juron by, 340 
 to burn or destroy property, 365 
 demanding anything with, 401 
 to injure cattle, 412 
 uie of for purpose of intimidation, 415 
 to murder, 370 
 of prosecution, what deemed to be, 281, 401 
 
 Tbreattnlng Letters 
 
 demanding anything, 405 
 
 jurisdiction of justice when mailed in one county to a person in 
 another, 167 
 Tiekeu 
 
 railway or steamboat, theft of, 397 
 Tlmbtr 
 
 improperly retained, right of search for, 189 
 
 found adrift, theft of, 398 
 
 Time (see Limitation of Time) 
 
 limitation of, for prosecution, 147, 325 
 
 how computed, 14H 
 
 variances as to, between information and evidence, 255 
 Title to Land 
 
 when jurisdiction of justice ousted by, 154, 155 
 
 question for justice to decide when claim made, 155 
 
 cases deemed to be sufficient, 156, 157 
 
 requisites of claim, 155, 156 
 
 in cases of assault, 158 
 
 documents of, destroying, 397 
 Trade 
 
 offences relating to, 403 
 
 conspiracies in restraint of, 403 
 
 trades unions excepted, 403 
 Trade Harks 
 
 forgery of, 404 
 
 selling goods falsely marked, 404 
 
 falsely claiming Royal warrant, 404 
 
 importing goods bearing false marks as to place of manufacture, 
 404 
 Trades Unions 
 
 or combines, offences relating to, 403 
 
 when excepted from laws respecting combines, 403 
 Tnuumiadon of Papers 
 
 to county attorney on committal of accused for trial, 241 
 
 by magistrate to the clerk of the peace, 285 
 Trains (see Railways) 
 
 offences respecting, 379, 3R0, 386 
 
 gambling on (see Gambling) 
 
 Transfers of BliaTes 
 
 of stock, making false entries of, 367 
 
492 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 territorial juriBdietlon of justices as to offences respecting, 
 on railways, neglect causing damage to, 380 
 
 TrMton 
 
 aiding or abetting, ^81 
 
 levying war agftiost Hia Majesty. 374 
 
 betag°iii' possession ot, and tailing to sliew lawful right to, 403 
 wilful damage to, 413 
 
 TrwpaM 
 
 claim of right or title «« defence in cases of. lol 
 while hunting, shooting, etc., no offence, 414 
 without malice no offence, 414 
 
 Trtatmant of Priioner (see Arrest) , ->03, 204 
 
 Trial (see Preliminary Enquiries; Summary Trials) 
 
 commitment for, on preliminary enquiry, 236 
 
 may be held by judge, when accused remanded for want of 
 sureties, 237 . , j j 
 
 after commitment may be for any offence founded on same 
 tacts, 237 
 Two JtistlOM 
 
 acting at request of police magistrate, powers of, 140 
 
 procedure in such cases, 140 
 
 I, more acting together, must hear all the evidence, 140 245 246 
 
 justice issuing summons has no greaterauthority than the other8,140 
 
 "'sagreement of bench, on preliminary enquiry, 234 
 
 v,uen provided for, both must act together, 24o 
 
 I onviction signed by one invalid, 245 
 
 requirements of information in such oases, 245 
 
 waiver of objection, l)y appearance of defendant, 246 
 
 generally one justice may take all preliminary steps, 246 
 
 when one justice hears part of evidence, 246 
 
 both must have territorial jurisdiction, 240 
 
 adjudication and conviction to be signed by both, 265 
 
 disagreement ot bench In summary convictions, 266 
 
 cases which may be tried by, 282, 322, 418 
 
 returns to be made by, 288 
 
 appeal lies from conviction by, 282 
 
 Two Ofltaees (see Several Offences), 250, 251 
 
 Tmatsea (set Bailees) 
 
 breach of trust by, 344 
 dednition of, 344 
 
 Uncertainty 
 
 in description of offences, effect of, 251 
 
 Unlawful AaseimbllM (see Biotsl, 388, 389 
 
 Unorganised Districts 
 
 jurisdiction of justices, as to offences committed In, 170 
 
INDEX. 
 
 493 
 
 VuMwntli; Ibipi (n, ships), 304 
 
 counterfeit men.,, lightooini, med.l,, defied eoiDi, etc., 350, 351 
 'Hrucr (eee Diiorderl; Conduct), 356. 405 
 
 fomn of charge! ropectirg, 350, 357 
 
 M to iearch warrants for vagrants, 367 
 TuiaiM (see Conviction; Process) 
 
 between return to certiorari and oonviction. 29 30 
 
 betweeo adjudication and conviction 31 
 
 between ■ntom«i„„^«„d^p„.„,, andevidence notallowed without 
 
 as to timeJ)otween eWden'ce and information, etc., not material, 
 
 grc'inds for adjournment when defendant misled 255 
 Tabielas 
 
 offence, against persons travelling by, jurisdiction of justices a. 
 
 wnat are "ofleoces " in or upon a vehicle, 169 
 
 injury by negligence of persons driving, 380 
 Venae (see Territorial Jurisdiction) 
 Teradty 
 
 eiamination of witnesses as to character, 109 
 Vessels (see Ships) 
 
 territorial jurisdiction over offenc,, committed upon, 169 
 
 Tiolense 
 
 to an officiating clergyman, 345 
 
 or threats for purpose of intimidating, 41,5 
 Tolmtarj Itatamtats 
 
 by .ccused,^when^adn-issible in evidence (see Confessions), 
 Waiver 
 
 of objections to certiorari, 14 
 
 of objections generally, what deemed to be, 14 56 
 
 of right to prohibition, ,16 
 
 of objections to conviction. 76 
 
 when jurisdiction conferred by consent or 18" 
 
 general principles of, in criminjl oases, 181 IS" 
 
 when absence of speciflo objection not deemed to be, 18" 
 
 want of juriscfictlon cannot be cured by, 183 
 
 " s;bj:°t'l,rr8t'l84'"''"""'* jurisdiction which may be 
 
 cases in^whieh^faiiure'of objection on trial hold to amount to, 
 
 when appearance of defendant deemed to be 183 25" 
 of preliminary examination, 235 ' 
 
 of objection when one justice acts where two required, 246 
 01 detects in information and process, 252 
 
 by allowing proceedings to go on without objection, 252 
 wnen summons or warrant iilegallv Issued and void "5i> 
 when appearance of defendant suffloient to give jurisdiction 253 
 cases in which regularity of proceedings essential, 253 
 
494 
 
 "leTylng «•!"•» Hli tt.i.rty (•« Tr.MOu), S74 
 
 WanhsBM 
 
 burglary ot (••• BnrgUry), 344 
 
 giving or Inning fulse recelpli fop goods, 369, 405 
 
 Waning 
 
 to aoon»«d on preliminary enquiry, 230 
 
 WananU 
 
 of dlitreu for ooate on appeal, 80 
 
 of oommltment in default of dlitreas thereon, 80, 82 
 
 after deolalon on caae elated, M 
 
 mandamut to compel leaue of, 61, £lo , 
 
 of "ommltment agalnet defendant on failure to prOMOute appeal, 
 
 In oa.e Jt'arre.t in one county and remand to county where 
 
 offence committed, 168 
 for arrest ol fagitive offenders, 170 
 
 of person committing offences at sea, 174 
 form of, 193 
 of commitment for contempt, 180 _„,.i lag 
 
 (or search for stolen goods, etc., (see Search f ""M"). I* 
 of arrest in flrat instance on preliminary enquiry, luo 
 proceedings on issue of . 190 
 of arr«st for offences committed at sen, 193 
 on default of attendance ot accused when summoned, Wi 
 of arrest in force until executed, 193 
 oiecutlon of (see Arrest), 193, 194 
 "backing" when arrest made out of country, Itfo 
 form of endorsement on, 195 
 execution of, when baoited, 195 
 procedure after such arre'l, 195 
 description of accused io, 197 
 requisites of, 107 
 not to be Issued in blank, 197 
 
 by coroner's order, 201 , „, 
 
 on failure of accused to appear on remand and bail, 207 
 ll^ainst witnesses in default of attendance on summons, 209, 
 210 
 tormot, 211 ... „,, .„„ 
 
 of arrest against witness in first instance, 211, .1^ .„._., ,50 
 of commitaent of witness refusing to be sworn or to answer, .29 
 of accused after preliminary enquiry, 237 
 
 of deliTcrance on ball by justice, 236 
 
 ot oommltment ot witness refusing to be bound over, .39 
 
 for arrest of absconding witness, 240 
 
 of commitment ot same, 240 ^ ., . ,, „„„Umont oio 
 
 ot deliyerance, on accused being bailed after commitment, .4. 
 
 to arrest accused on surrender by bail, Hi 
 
 of commitment ot accused in such case, 243 
 
 must be issued by justice taking ■°.'°"?«"°";;f • /" .^^^^ ,51 
 
 ot arrest on summary trials before justices, »',''«° '° ''Vs' *' "" 
 
 uot to be issued on complaint for payment of money, -6. 
 
 aTocntion of such warrant, 255, 257 
 
 ?or ar«st of reused on fililure to attend on summons, 257 
 
INDEX. 
 
 495 
 
 °' "I'i ™'f.f°"; "'"'° '*""«' di,ml»wd, 268 
 on oonvlotlon tor a pen«lly, 27(1 
 fop non-payment of money demand "76 
 on retupn by con.table of no good., 276 
 
 fn'dSf^i^' -noney demand .ben no di.tren ordered, 270 
 ^default of .uretiee to keep tbe peace, 276 "»"•-"' 
 
 fy whlTo'lVilS^iVi'"' "* " """"'"" "■ "■•■'■ -'^ 
 
 of oomn.itment of juyenile offender, (.e. JuyenileOff.nder.),295 
 for non-payment of Sue In same ea.e, 296 "•""o"'.-''" 
 
 right of .oarch, near publie work., 180 
 
 offensive defined, 405 
 
 carrying, or being in possession of, 405 
 
 by smugglers, 405 
 
 witbln one mile of public meeting, 105 
 
 by two or more persons, 406 
 forfeiture of, 405 
 
 refusal to deliver up at public meeting, 405 
 carrying a pistol, or air gun, 406 
 
 KfrT',!? JPu"'"^' "•"» "> ••« Booted, 406 
 form of certiflcate of justice, 406 
 
 le l'i2'„°l.'i^.°'"''° '•" '"'"" *"' P"*"" "■"'•'i-B oertlflcate, 407 
 
 selJing pistols, or air guns to minors, 407 
 
 record to be kept of sale. 407 
 
 being in possession of when arrested, 407 
 
 nol„H„'"S'°'' °' ''' """■ "'"■ ■"««■" 'o injure, 408 
 pointing firearms at any one. 408 
 
 carrying, or having, or selling offensive weapons, 408 
 sheath knive., etc., 408 
 Wlatf 
 
 stealing from, 410 
 Wife (see Husband and Wife) 
 
 competency of, as wllncss, 107, 108 
 
 theft by, from husband, 397 
 
 receiving stolen goods by, 397 
 
 neglect of husband to provide necessaries for. 381 
 WUfBl Injury 
 
 administering poisons, with Intent to produce, 332 413 
 defence of claim of right, in cau. of, 187, 4ri 
 to buildings, by tenants and mortgagors, 395, 412 
 wilful " defined, 408, 409 » » ' ' '- 
 
 ?„™.'l,T/i°* °J :J»°'»B',°B '■"'"I" properties designated, 409 
 
 S ^aSITst^a'ttfeT' 4°„!; ^°°'"' °' ""«"" ""-«'"'' '^"•'». ^»' 
 
 forms of charges for various offences ilesignated, 409-411 
 
 attempts to injure, op poison cattle, 411 
 
 to animals other than cattle, 411, 412 
 
 to landmarks, 412 
 
 to fences, gates, etc., 413 
 
 to trees, wherever growing, 413 
 
 to harbour bars, etc., 413 
 
4»6 INDEX. 
 
 WUfol lai%iy— Continued. 
 to gardeni, 413 
 
 to ouUlv&t«() plant!, eltewhere than Id gardCDl, 413 
 not otb«rwiiie |irovided for, 413 
 to FftilwayH (see Hailwayi), 386, 414 
 
 riotously demoliBhing or tojuring boildlog!, ttc. (••• Riot), Ml 
 trefipat* not tuallcioui, no offence, 414 
 by explosives (see Kxploslves), 360, 361, 414 
 to telegraphs, wrecked ibips, etc., 414 
 to raftt, dams, piers, booms, slides, etc., 414 
 to mines and oil wells, 414 
 WlUs and TNtamntary lutramsBta 
 
 tbeft of, 397 
 Witthoraft (see Fortune Telling) 
 pretending to practice, 414 
 evidence in cases of, 415 
 WItBfliMS (see Kvidenee) 
 
 depositions of, when admissible on appeal, 74, 75 
 out of province, subpcena to, on appeal, 76 
 refusal to bear subject of mandamus, 65 
 competency of, 106, 107 
 husband and wife, 107 
 cross-examination of, 109 
 
 incriminating questions, 107, 108, 129 
 questions affecting character, 109 
 previous written statements, 109 
 questions as to previous conviction, 110 
 of adverse witness, 110 
 depositions in previous cases, 110 
 accomplices as, 113 
 
 corroboration of, 113 . , ^ w_ ^* loa 
 
 admission of evidence by, in prosecutions against himsell, Ji!» 
 when privileged from answering incriminating questions, 1^» 
 Bitting justice may be called as, 146, 261 
 coming to Canada to give evidence, protection of, 160 
 exolusion of, from court, 179 
 procedure to procure attendance of, 208 
 summons to, 208 
 summons duces tefum, 208 
 
 service of, 208, 209 
 warrants against, on defanlt, 209, 210 
 treatment of, on arrest, 210 
 warrant againtt, in first instance, 211, 212 
 
 when bound over and about to abscond (see Absconding 
 
 Witness), 212, 239 
 information in sucb cases, 212 
 when resident in Canada but out of the province, 212-214 
 may be brought from any part of Canada, 215 
 affidavit for subpcpna in such cases, 213 
 order thereon, 213 
 affidavit of service, 214 
 procedure on non-attendance of, 214 
 warrant for arrest of, 214 
 how to be directed and executed, 215 
 travelling expenses not provided for, 215 
 excuses for non-attendance, 214, 215 » «,* 
 
 courts and judges in all provinces empowered to act, ^lo 
 
iNriKx. 497 
 
 mttrntm—CoHiinHctl. 
 
 out or C«i.B4a.^oomn)ii.tioii for examination of (lee Conm.iM.lon 1. 
 
 proof neceBiary to Ut In Uepoaitlon takeu on, 2'.'1 
 111 prison, taking pvidenoe of, 217, 2IH 
 
 when dangBrou.ly ill, eommiMion for examiDatlon of (we Com- 
 mutnloii), 218, 2ly 
 
 notic* of examination, 219, 220 
 
 order to bring priaoner up to be pre-cnt at. 219 
 
 procedurt on examination, 22(1 
 
 reading depoaitiont at trial, 221 
 
 admiflBibility of depoaitiohB at hearing, 222 
 
 ngiit of counMcl for aecuHed to eronB-exaniine, 22" 
 
 taking evidence of. at hearing, 225 
 
 rauHt be BWoiT, 22.5 
 oiilhs and afHrinationii of, 225, 220 
 absence of r^ligloim belief, 226 
 deaf miitei, 226 
 
 exiimination of by interpreter!), 226 
 children. 227 
 
 person present at hearing may be called ad ""7 
 refusal to answer or to tie sworn, procedure on. 22» 
 <'oramitment of hi such cases, 229 
 warrant of commitment, 229 
 to be bound over to appear at trial, 2:i9 
 recognizance to be entered into In such caset., 23U 
 refuaal of, to be bound over, proeedurt on, 'SM 
 rt-eognizanfe thereafter on consent to be so hound "39 
 order for release of, thereon, 239 
 compelling attendance of on summary trials before justices, 
 
 may be arrested anywhere in Canada. 257 
 procedure when too ill to attend auch trial. 2r»7 
 fees allowed to, on summary trials, 266 
 bribery or attempted bribery of, 340 
 
 Woman (see Females) 
 
 abduction of (see Abduction), 326 
 
 eonspiracy to defile, 346, 393 
 
 Mduction or defilement or attempts to defile, 392, .393 
 
 evidence as to, and as to previous chastity, 392 
 
 subsequent marriage, defeoee of, :J93 
 
 procuring or permitting defilement of, 393 
 
 carnally knowing an idiot, 394 
 
 prostitution of Indian women, 394 
 
 Words, lattrpreUtlon at 
 
 abandon, 32i'> 
 
 accusing, 281, 361 
 
 attempts. 411 
 
 Attorney-General, 166 
 
 cattle, 411 
 
 commencement of pro«eeution, l.'iO 
 
 court, the, K3 
 
 Court of Appeal, 83 
 
 explosives, substances, 360 
 
 expose, 325 
 
 fresh pursuit, 1!K) 
 
 holiday, Hd 
 
 32-8. 
 
49H 
 
 IllDMa, -22] 
 
 It ibBll b« Ifewful, 0U 
 
 ludlotsl sad minUtorlAl mU, H'J 
 
 '' kaepdiit " a houM, •!«., 871 
 
 mail. :iM> 
 
 mftilabU matter. 399 
 
 may, 00, 6), 77, 20K 
 
 month, ISO 
 
 p«a«t offlmr. IIW 
 
 poit l«tt«r, poat letter baff, poit ofltcu, :itrit 
 
 pubUe offleer, 416 
 
 rtaaonablfl effortii, 75 
 
 ■hall, HO 
 
 Buperlor Court of oriniiial juHadiotion, 8U 
 
 trustee, li44 
 
 valuable aeeurltjr, 401 
 
 wilful, 364, sett, 408 
 
 writing, »70 
 
 WM'kmeB (see Trade; Trade L'nionii) 
 
 criminal breaches of eoutraet, by, 415 
 
 intimidation by, 410 
 
 unlawful combiuatloni of, 416 
 
 using violence, or threats to Ir'.imidato, 415 
 
 Wenbip (see Public Worship) 
 
 breaking into places of (see Burglary), :t4:i 
 disturbance of, :iA:t 
 
 Weusdiaff 
 
 and robtwry, 400 
 
 or Inflicting grievous bodily barm, 410 
 
 with intent to murder, 416 
 
 public ofBoer, while on duty, 410 
 
 with intent to maim, dl.-'flgure, etc., 410 
 
 Wreck 
 
 stealing from, 398 
 
 wilfully preventing eavlng of, 414, 417 
 
 selling withoat title, 417 
 
 Htealintt, 417 
 
 wrecking, or attempting to wreck ship, 417 
 
 impeding saving life of shipwrecked persons, 418 
 
 und salvage, right of search for, 189 
 
 Writs 
 
 of certiorari (see Certiorari), 11 
 
 of habeas corpus, requisites of, 'iit, 40 
 
 of mandamus, 67 
 
 Wrong Intent 
 
 when necessary ingredient of offence (see Mens Kea), 159-162