V^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ^ 5^ /. ^/ A M/a 7. 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ 50 ■^" 2.5 120 U IIIIII.6 % ^ y v: /A //A Photographic Sciences Corporation '»![ V <^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4S03 ■^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques m 4/S Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The to tt The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D n ^ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interioi margin/ Lareliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas h\k filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplairn qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Las details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. D D D Q D D D n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d^color^es, tachet6es ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages d^tachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualit^ indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du mat6riei supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t^ film^es d nouveau de facon k obtenir la meilleure image possible. The poss of t> fiimi Orig begi the I sion othe first sion or ill The shall TINl whic Map diffe entir begli right requ mett This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X e etails IS du modifier ir une Image )S The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iteeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire film6 f ut reprodult grflce A la g6n6ro8it6 de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimde sont film^s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impressiun ou d'illustration,.soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^^signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s i des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. }rrata to pelure. □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE PATRIOTIC PARTY VERSUS THE COSMOPOLITE PARTY; OR, IN OTHER WORDS, RECirEOCAL IREE TEADE, VERSUS ^CIPROCAL EPtEE TIUDE: FROM THE WRITINGS OF ISAAC BUCIIAJNAN, OF IHE " URnWH COLONIST," VlULmiEt, AT TURuNTO '■°«»"''O.NDE.Wg ■'"'irv'rLJ'r'.'.^'^lV'''"'''^'''''"' '" ^^'"^ ^'^'-^ ^^^^' ^^^•'^ '^^^l'«' ^^'« (.•ANNOT«UPPC..K FRfcL TRADL, l.N«LAM), Ai^ llEiyc; POSSESSED NOT OKI.V OF MOST CAPITAL BUT MO^T IM).;STRY. MUST HAVE THC AUVANTA.a-: OVER ALL THE NATION. OF THE EART^,^ /r^, m Buchanan', statanent of IToUclionU views, cU the „pcnin. of the Irnpnial Parliame,,, in JaKuaru, 1847. TORONTO PttlKTED By SCOBU.: & BAL 1848, FOUR, KING STREET. INTRODUCTION. Tbk Publishers of the following collection have in view to shew, that the great end of Government (the employment of the working classes and their elevation), cannot be at- tained but by tlie creation of a patriotic, native, or practical party, to oppose the cosmopolite, foreign or theoretical doctrines, which have become fashionable lately. They hope, how- ever, this will not be viewed as a parly thing, for the principles of the British Coloniat remain free as they have ever been, from any leaning to men, farther than they have been viewed, as the best inslnuninilx of practical patriotism. They understand that individual to be a pa- triot who makes tv'o blades of corn grovr where only one grew before, and who secures to the grower llie (ireutcst. price, which can bo per- manent, or in other words, which is con- sistent wit;, the general prosperity of the country. Turonio, April, 1843. Copy of a Despatxli from Governor-General ihe Earl of Cailicart, K. C. fi., to the Right Hon. IV. E. Gladstone. Government House, Montreal, January 2Sth, 184C. Sir,— My attention having been very ear- nestly called, by the members of the Executive Council of this Province, to the apprehenwons they havebeen leil lo entertain, by discussions which have recently appeared m the English newspapers, pointing strongly to a change in the Corn Laws, I am induced at their earnest desire, even with no better foundation, to bring the subject under yourconsideration by the mail which leaves iliia uight, as tlie opportunities for communication at this season are so unfreqnent, as to produce inconvenient delays. The Provi ice of Canada is so vitally interest- ed in the question, that it is a duty of the Execu- tive of the I'lovuu'o lo ur;^e on the consideration of Her Majesty's Ministers, a lull statement of the uece;.sity of continuing* protection, to the colonial tiade in wheat ami llour, and of the elFect of any changes by which the piotectiou hitherto given would be taken away. The improvement of the iiiler;ial communi- cations by water in Canada, was undertaken on the sirenijth of the advanta'ie of exporting to England our surplus wheat and (lour by Que- bec. iShouid no such advantage exist, the rev- enue of ttie Province to be derived from the tolls would fail. The means of the Province to pay principal and interest on thodebt guaran- teed by i'/iglaud would be dimmiHlu'd, and the general proijperity of llie Pioviuce would be so materially atiecled, as to red ;co its revenue derived from Conimereu, thus rendering it a possible case, tliit the t;uarantee given to the public creditors, would have to be resorted to by them for the sulisiaction ot their claims. The iarger portiuft,neai!y rd! of t!t3 surplus produce ot Canada, ii jirown in the western part of it ; an I it an enactment similar in principle to the Duties Drawback Law, should pass Congress, penniliiug ('anadian product! to pass throu;jh llie United iSlates for shipment, and the Enclish market was open to produce shippeil fiom American ports, on as favoura- ble terms as if shipped Irom Canadian ports, the larger portion ol the exports of Upper Ca- nada would tiiid its way through the canals of the state of New- York, instead of those of Canada, leiuiering the St. Lawrence canals compariUively valueless. The effect of the Duties Drawback Law has been to transfer the purchase of sugar, tea, and many other goods to New- York, trom whence nearly all of these articles for the supply of Upper Canada are now imported. ShouKI such a change in the export of Canadi- an produce take place, it will not only injure the Canadian canal and forwarding trade, but also the snipping interest engaged in carrying the.«.e articles Irom Montreal. A change in the Corn Laws, which would diminish the price the Canadian farmers can now obtain, would greatly alloct the consump- tion of Ihitish rnaulaclures in the Province, which must depeiul on the means of the fai- niers to pay for them. An increased demand and consumption has been very perceptible for the last two yeais, and is mainly attiibu- table to the flouishing condition of the .agri- cultural population of Upper Canada, Even if a lelaxalioii of the system of pro- toftion to the colonies is to bo adopted, il is of intinito cooieipiene,! that it should not be sudden. The ruin that such a proceeding would cause, is incalcuable. The political conseqiii'iices !is to the govern- ment of the colony involveil in the loregoing su;rges!ions, are sulhcieiitly obvious (viz. — alienation from the Mollior Countiy, and annexiliun lo otir rival and enemy, the United Slate.->.i, as also must be those arising from the trade ol Upp'T Canada, being as i( were trans- ferred from Montreal to Nmv-York, This lat- ter con.Hideialion beloius, ho.vevi'r, less to the operation of I he Corn Laws, ihouiih partially connected with that branch of the pubject. I trust tiie importancd of these observations will form a sutUcient apology for ray inirud- ing them tipon you at this time ; but as the •abject to which Ihey refer will, in all proba- bility, ensago the early attention of the Bri- tish Parliament, I have tlioui^lit it riylit that you should have some previous knowledge of the bearing any such mrtusuro would have on the interests of this colony. I have, &c., (Signed) CATHCART. MEMORANDOM TRASMITTED PROM NEW YORK BV Mk. ISAAC BUCH- ANAN, TO MOST OF THE INFLU- ENTIAL POLITICIANS IN ENG- LAND. New York, 1 December, 1817. By the nrrivals from the West Indies I see that the Planlers are up m arms, as miijht rea- sonably be expected, nguingt the iMi^rlish Navi- palion Law.-', and if I inistuke not, iho dissatis- faction expressnd at the general condiMoii into which Sir R')bert Peel's Free Trade has phinged the Sugar Colonie?, will soon take the form of disaflfoction. I am satisfied that look- ing only to their material interests, the sooner the West Indies become a purt of the United States the better, and when I add to this tiie horror which as a Colonist, I myself feel, at having my interests li;ible to be pluyid with, bv such mcp as are now called Stilesmen in England, I scnrcely see the pn-;sil)ility, of any of England's Cilonies in tiie Western Ilemis- plierc, being lung retained by her, al hough the Qneen has not at this moinoiil more loyal sub- jects, or eubjeeis who wonld ^trugule so much or so effectually for the integrity of the Empire, if they were not abused. It becomes ♦hen a vital question, how to have the Colonies to England? This is vital aa regards tiie interests and t'eelings of tiie Colo- nists, tor they are still satisfied that they could bo better off attached to England, and thry would be prowd to remain so, but it is an infi- nitely greater and more vital question, as it affects the artificial millions in England, if, as I believe sincerelv, England's only chance of anything approaching Free Trade, is in extcn- •>i(»n of Empire. My firm persuasion is that the same blockheadtsm among our Peel and Whig Statesmen that has all but lost England her Colonics, has even more nearly brought the mother country herself, into a condition of the most fearful social convnUion, any country ever experienced either in ancient or modern times; and I see clearly that a remedy could not HOW be attained by simply a retrograde move- ment from Free Trade. Politicians have so debauched the Public mind, which they found weak fiom the depressed an;*! dependent cir- cumstances of the workin" classps?-. th^t tho Public would not have patience (indeed they could not afford to have patience,) till o frra- dual revival is effected. It is only the consu- mers in England that are rich. The labouring ttcu tt ee de)>cndeBt tiiai a temporary cessation of employment is death to their famili'^s. liesiJts, the change to a principle o^siljisltneas for our own labouring clatieif or pro' eel ion, we mu^t at once get the foreign exchanges turned, or do away with gold be- ing necessary to the currency, otherwise we can have no confidence and little trade— we cannot do the former. (We cannot turn tho exchange.) We must therefore do the latter. Delay is death to thou>ands of the labouring classes, and death too I am firmly of opinion to every institution of England, not excepting tho Crown ! I leave to others what appears to me the dangerous policy of not -speaking out the truthi or what they believe to be the truth, on the subject of England's prospects. In a paper published in the Newspapers at Home, at the opfMiing of last session of Parliament headed ".V the restrictions of which I would retain a^ most wholesome, allowing » wnarU amount of paper to ba a legal tender, bol 'ontractmg its issue as at present. Sir Robert Tocl will have an easy victory over his oppo- nontF. because they raise the wrong question, und England bolbre unoiher Parliament can bu jrot together, will imvo been the scene of bloodshed, lor men cannot be e.vpectoil to starve, or at all uvonta Ihey will not see their families starved, Mod etiU remain quiet. ISAAC BUCHANAN. \\ S. It h either gross ignorance ot' tlio ruhjcct ofthi; ciirrencj/, or groit,fr iniquity Cor men to pretend that by a paper circulation, von must necessarily dcpn.i'iato ihe currcficy. You of course will luivolho Bank Nolo less valuable than the Sovircign, at all titnoa when tlic foreign exchanges are agamst England, whidi will be conlinvdlly under a free trade system ; but, you will have at such timcf, labour and every othor property in the countrv, iqually dcprccialcd. These are now so. The (.liject IS to see that the note ia not depreciated aa compared with (isatpar with in fact) the gene- ral commodities. At present, the note being t^iuai to gold (which is in demand and (here'- fore scarce,) buys too many days or hours of ihe poor man's labour, and leaves hia family :»oggars. Tiie note may be retained at par, '.nth land or any other (jrnperiy, (except gold It a fixed price,) in the following way, as I nave so often before detailed. •' Having made the note of the Bank of Eng- land a legal tender tveryvv'here but at tiia Bank Counter, grve ihc Hank the choice of oiT- 4'ring (is a legal tender its notes, endorsed by the Government, lo the extent of (the public debt; i.o the Bank) t'ouneen millions, on condition :hat no such issue be made, without havimr ft Sovereign in the Bank to represent each pound aote given o'jt." I would bind the Bank never to hold less than :en millions of ypccie, but I would double the Bank'g c^ipilaL The. paper in such case wovld '>e a certificate of deposit of gold, but the liold- •r could not gel it except at the market price I WOULD NOT MAKt) THE LEAST iillANGE IN THH LAW, beyond what the .ibovc indicates, fori view the retention of Sir Ji. Peel'a restrictions of 1314 and l;]i:j, nearly .IS vital as the sweeping away of his gold stand- ard of laui. Ill this 1 dilTer from "most cur- rency Reformers, but, these are generally free traders, who!i) consistency makes opu, )so tlie ! ruth, and ilie word *' Putrioti^ni' I fear, ia awaniingin the lic.ionary of FreoThinkera or Cosuiupulites, in cuumLrciul as well ; a i-elio-j. o.i.i matters, whose practical inlidelity lea'ds thein to believe in no aysteni (chaog) instead of to propose better systems. 7'A.y belirve it /net in nothing (!) that exists or ever wd! exist, .S.ich men were easily krpf under by Sir Hubert I'eel, while he s ood on the rock of the prin- ciples he forniprly^ profes..ed. Alaa tijul he =!i)iild not, have iKidcr.jond tiiat it, wa.sijt."er .idinitied ny tht'se pnnci lea th:it by a uiaii'a •l;jjasing himself and di^bauching hia ass,)- iatus, ic couli by possibility save his couiitry, a uuatry of wh ee character he was tbe coi,sti- tutional expression to the world, and whose (Government never asked for support except lo the extent it was uu embodiment of what w right. My patriot countiyman Fletcher, understood things better, and of him it is recorded that '• He would lose his life lo serve Hcutland, but, would not do a base thing to save her," REMAIIKS ON FREE TRADE. From the BriMi Coloniat, July 7th, 1816. It appears, iVom the debates in the Imperial Parliament, and recent remarks of some of our eouteiiiporaries in this province, that eonsidor- ablo misapprelit'iisioa cvisls in relation to tlio action taken (Imiii^r the lulu session, by iho Canadian Legislature, on the ipiestionof thu pro| osed alterations in iho English corn laws. For some lime before the session of the Piovincial Lc;Liisla!iire was openetl, tiie inten- tion of the Inip.'rial (rovermneiit, to elfect by the aid of Parliament very important chan"'ed ia the corn lawsj was publicly known ; and accordingly, on the •lH\\i January last, Earl Catlicait adiliessed his celebrated despatch to the Colonial Secretary, ilepiecatiiig such changes generally in the interest of Canada. This despatch was written by the advice ef the Executive Council of the pioviuee, the mem- bers of which eiileitained the most serious apprehensions as to the effect the proposed eliaugijs would produce on fie interests eom- niittei} to their care. It was tins despatch that called forth, I'lom tlieColonial Department, Mr. (iladslone's celtbialed tiespatcli (No. 32), dated 3rd March, 181(), in which he informs the Governor (General of the intentions of the Imperial (iovernmeut, in relation to the corn and timber diuies. The publication of this la.-t despatch, in Canada, caused the greatest possible sensation. The people were taken completely by surprise ; and as they consi- dL-ieil that the (Jovernnient measure would, without doubt, be hurried through its different stages ill the Imperial Parliament^ with the utmost despatch, they regarded remonstraiico from the colony as of no avail, and contented themselves with quietly submitting to what they coiiceivc'l tlu^y liad not the power to avert. Had the iiihabiiauts of Canada the re- motest idea, that so much time would have elapsed belwetJii tlie introduction of the mea- sure and its filial disposal by the Imperial Parliament,— had they the sliahtest hope that tin; time was .■^ulIil•ient to enable them to be heaid in either house of parliament, durin" •ihe pioixresa of the measure, — instead of the sullen silence whieli'licy h.tve obstuveti,they wonlil have asscmbie.l in •.heir respective townships, ciiriities and districts, and united with one voice in unanimously adoptinir poti- tionsto the Crown and Parliiiiaeut, praying to be tre^ited wilii that dtgiee of special favor which tlioir peculiar ciicumstauces demand, and which as colonists they an^ by every piinciple oi'oiiuity utuliuslice^ entitled to vx'-wi 9SttiMlSMHl'9'Li^'ll. OTcr the foreigner. If raay bo that (hose peti- tions might litivo had very liltlo importance attached lo ihern, if sunt homo. Thuy iniyht be replied to in a siiiiiliu tnaiitior to tlio an- swer iraiismitted to thu llaiiiiltoii Hoiird of Trade, — but allliou;,di ihey iniuht not iiilliieiieo the jjovenimeiit in the piONOciilioii ol'itH course, ill carryiiij^ il.s I'avoi ita measure thron^^h itio parliament, lliey would at least have had the edoet of shiel lin;^ iho (.'anadian people froiii mifirepreseiitalioii, in either houi^e, and of jjlacin^ before the public what tiieir real sen- timents are on llio very important point at isHue. It becomes matter of leas surprise that iho silence of the (.'anadian pe()[)le has been eon- t-truod into willing cuM-entinck and ethers, who stood boUlly forward in defence of their cause in this hour of need. But although the homo government endea- voured lo misrepresent tlie feelings of the legislature anil people of Canada, in reference to the address cf the Assembly of the 26th March, ami to put that address forward as a disavowal on the part of the Assembly of the sentiments con'ained in f^ord Calhcart's des- patch of 2Slh January, already referred to, it did not avail much. For while Earl Darhousie was making the attempt in the Housoof Lords, the second Address, adopted by the Assembly of Canada on 12lh May, had reached London. Its arrival created quite a senantion ; and it was brought to light by the watchfulness of Lord George Benlinck, in the House of Com- mons, and by the diligence of the' leading journals, more particularly the London Stand- ard, to the no small disappointment of the government. Tho conduct of Mr. Gladstone, in withhold- ing from the Earl of Dalhousie all knowledge of that Address, when his lordship was en- trusted with the care of the government mea- sure in the House of Loids, cannot be regarded in any other light than as being highly repre- hensible ; for had Lord Dalhousie been put in possession of that address, when moving the second reading of the corn bill, his lordship would have been spared the disagreeable ex- posure which has resulted from its conceal- ment ; and he would,, mo'eover, have abstained from alleging; the nourrence of the Canadian Legislature in a t..;, ^ure to which they were notoriously deeply opposed. It will bo remembered that the address fO' which we have reference is the one brought forward by Mr. Robinson, when the intelli- gence had reached the province of the corn- bill having been postponed for some weeks, in the House of Commons, to admit of the Irish Coercion Bill being taken up. The time thus allowed was very appropriately availed of by the Canada Assembly, and the address in question adopted and transmitted to Eng- land. Instead of concurring in Sir Robert Peel' , tht 's measure, tno Assembly, in this addrespj altnbute ihe happiness and prosperity of the people of Canada, advancing in steady ami succesafid progression, to the moderate system' of pro'eelion atljided lo her staple eoinniodi"- ties— grain and lumber ; and they view with serious apprehension and alarm, as detrimental to the best interests of the colony, the adoption of the proposed principle of commercial inter- courae,. now u«dec the conaid^rotioa of th«: (mperial Parliament. Without giving Iho ad- {ireal sources of wealth, which require bu» dr«4rt mire in ilotail (which oui readeiB can p.Tseveruiire and Hi;er;;y alone foi their proper nee in full in the Brili^h Colonixt t>i 2'2\u\ May dovolopineiit. It is quite proper to resist, by 1816), we make the following exiraci from it, fvyrvcoiistitulioiiii! tneams our Iteinir deprived to ahow the ooincidtMico ot opinion whicli of atlvaiitasus ajiparciit or real, which we may Hxisted between the Assemhly and Loid Catii aireiidy passes.*; liul, once dfjirivud of them carl, a* contatned in Ins lorilslnn'^ ili^si)aic(i by lawful aiit.'iority, it were abject folly logivu of 28th January,— althoiish that despatch had way to despondoiicy. luMead of that, it is not, at that time, been known to the A.ssem- just the lime for redoablcd enor;;y — for tracing bly. The following is the exiraci : out now souiccs of iminisiry and impiovometit, to make up for llio lo-^ses siHtained, and to '< It therefore bocDmes our ilnty, ns f.iithfid Rnl)>- jecfsofyoitr Maj^siy, to point out what we sin- cerely believe innsl be the result of meiisurt'S which have for their object the repeal of the iavks affording proiectioii to llie Canaduin expor' traile First, it will disrouraje those at present engaijeil to . iiicreaso a.i rmioli as possible onr material weilth. Lot this be the ca-»o henceforward in Upper Canada, and the industrious will Burely meet with their due reward. in agricultural piirsiiils, bom cxtomliiig their ope- ralions; seconilly, it will prevent the iriUux of THE EFFECTS OF FREE TilE EMPIRE. TRADE ON respecldble emii^rHiiis from the mother country, who have for muny years inst settled in iari;.' numbers on 'he waste lamis in the Province, and Pfom the British Colonist of thi 7lh Julyf IMS. wboby their inilnsiry and capital, have materially contributed to Ihjt happy advaiicenient of the country which we have before jiotiied ; and, lastly, it is much to be fearej thut should the inhabitants of Canada, from the withdrawal of all protectioH to their ataplo products, (iiiJ that they cannot compete with their n.ii'hbours of the United Slates, in the only maiket open to ihetn, thoy will nalurally, of necessity, beyin to doiiht whether remaining a portion of the Biitish empire wiUbeoIlhat paiarriuunt advantaije which they have hllherlo fnund it to be. Tliese, we humbly hubmit, are coMsiderali'insof grave importance, Iroth to your Majesty and to the people of this Fro- vrncej and we trust we need not assure your Majesty that any changes which woidd lend in the remotest degree to weaken the lies that have for so many years, and under trying circumslanres, bound the people of Canada to that land which they are proud to call their mother country, would b«f viewed as the greatest mislorlune which could befall them." It will be seen that the Governor Genera! unA the Executive Council of this province We intended at first to review the pro- vincial lei![islativo proceeilinjis on the customs' act, saparately, and without releienco to the yeiiuial question of protection or free trade ), but on further rellection, we fuinid that any remarks on local lee of Assembly, are only minute fractions of the genera' question. In every process of inquiry, we proceed according to some rule or standaril of cu nparison, and square our notions iiccordiuir to tiie extent of our knowledge, 'i'ho protect :o:iist or free trader who conscien- tiously disdains to measure the arguments of his antagonist, commits no greater error than ha who takes a part of the «ubj.ect for the whole subject, or mistakes the question alto- gether. It is therefore necessary lo {i[o over the whole groundwork of protection and free- trado, and put ourselves in possesHion of general views, general iiriiiciples, and general facts, before proceediiiir to criticise what wa» said or done during the la^t session of the pro- vincial leiTislaiure, It is only by a compre- hensive diirest of the whole snbjeet, that we cm become com|)efeht to pass a correct opi- nion on any particular part. A machinist •urreys the whole (itachine, a physician th» Wbfrftf body, hi}i9t0 iM aiiderlake* tbe repbi* of tkat portion which in dettmcwl. The com- mon method of proceeilina, however, in specu- lative po'iticH, in to take any particular mea- sure, and dresM it up according to the taste of the critic. Mr. Ciiyley's resolutions, for example, are thus procliiimed to be good or bad, ju8i as tlusy happen to coincide, or not, with any particular set of iKilioriH, in tliosamo way that to a di;'«nsed palate a substance ap- pears sweet or sour without reference to its saccharine oracideforourt properties. It must be evident to all who have discernment to dis- tinguish beiwuon a particular fact, and a jrone- rai fact deduced from a series of particular facts, that the value of any opinion is ftxaclly in proportion to the dei^roe in wliitili it corres- ponds with views that are based on practical knowledge ,anil accord wilh sound tlieory. Now, a general fact caimot be deduced without first classifyiiii? iho particular facts, neither can any set of opinions be presumed to bo correct, before that it has been submitted to a comparison, with the practical views of stand- ard authorities and the principles of science. It would be supereros>atory to ask the ques- tion — have those who busy themselves most in the present free trade movement, taken the necessary trouble to inform themselves suffi- ciently on the subject, to consult standard writers and eminent statesmen, and finally, to classify and arrange the arguments for and against their opinions, so sis to be able to strike a'satisfactory balance either in favour of pro- tection or of free trade ? It is well known that this general view of the question, is seldom entertaine(l. Rut as it indicates the only pro- per mode which ought to I e pursued, and the only means by which it is possible to arrive at the truth, we have made h preliminary to a review of the last sessional proceedings of the provincial lcl'actorily. Iliat in ialionraml incrrnsiiiL'tiic supply propoitionully seasons when coin would bo scarco luilli in ilimini.sli the demand lor if. 'J'lio price of (iroat Britain and in tlie corn-^rrowiuii countries lal)onr, wlien once rodneed by stich permanent of Kuropo, these countries wnuKI piohil.it, as opci.itinv' causes is iifierward'i kept down; they had uniformly done, its expoitation ; ancL and it is (riear tliat when dcnreciated to Die in providing tor their own necessities, woukF lowest mitiiinnm rate at wliicli it iscnpaWeof leave the Hiilish to eiicounler all the liorroni siisMiiiiii',' the lalvuirer and lii-^ ianiily, tho of famine. And that, when tho h;irvest would occasional scarcities that wonl.l be consequent bo equally abundant at home and abroad, tho on oiir dependence on fnrci'in supplies, would foreign surplus wuuKl bo {.hipped l.-r l!iu produce iii in;r, the downwai " depeudanc.', ])robali|y cii oiir enemies tor ihe staple article of fiubsisience. 'J ho scareity and famine prices duiinu; the last war.shoiiM warn 11s against commiliinu I'nture mistakes. \Ve have suro'y not for:;otlen the Berlin de- CMies. 'J'his is an aru:u!iie!it Oil which the tree trad(ns oilen stumble. And how do they get over it ? 'I'ake ai ex implc fioni the speecli of th'' Karl ol D.ilhou de in the lioiiso of Lords on the 25th May :— " Fron thn year ]'i\'2 tiitiie yonr ISM, I'n:;';!riil was at war with lie' fbiiU'd >tates, the cotmiry fioni which wo (l''riv»'d inimrasniiibly ilif laiijost proportion ol nursonpiy oloolloii. \\ Hsilieie any Moppagf! of till' iaip.orlaioii into laigland of tins aiiick', l)f!caiue of tho hn.stilitics I I'lir Iroiri it. (Hear, liear.) Ami a Wka result ia tea wjs extu- rii-iiceii (iuriri^j thu Chinrso war. And yet ni^b'e lords wfie in ti/rror at the piosppct of the corn laws b"ia:j; rcpcalud, fearing lest, if we d('poii(lf'(l for a siipj)ly of food on foiei;,'!! cnjnitrie.s.our jiopu- lalioti iiiignt be Iclt to starve, (ib.'ar, lieur.)" Such sophistry as that displayed by this free-trade champion is too jialpablo. Every old woman in the connlrv knows the dilfer- teMdoiicy of waj^es does not slop here. Though unce, in tiine of war, between a scarcity of 9 tpa or cotton, and lliat of bread. And any achriol lioy ca>i tell liow a garrison rn;iy ho rudiicodh) wuiitot'bidad ; t)iit it would pu/zlo him to inako out Imw cuitoii or tijaconlil bo concerned in bringin;; about such an event. fnh. It croatos iiiid pulH in motion a mass of human labour and inacliini-ry that camiot bo kept in couHtant employriuMit. Ctli. It endau'.'frs tho health and morals of tho people, by eongrejiatinj? hiunaii beiiij,'s in lar;?e masHes, and tliereby exposing them to I>romi-iciiinis and vicioun iutereonrsu, and thii mortalily of epidemic andeontaj^iou!) diseases*. Till. It disproportions the burdens of taxation oil lived incomes and labour. 8lh. It severs iho natural bonds of colonial allegiance. 9th. It employs foroi;,ni ships, consofpiently foroii,'n seamen, and trar.siers tho laboui- i-o(iuired in building and outfit, to foreign coi'utries. lOtli. It will break down tho wooden walls of Old Ungand, and build up those of our ene- mies. Thccn are some of tho con'^niinencos. I do not pretend that wo have done jiLstire to tho enumeration of them, for they are hurrii-dly thrown to^vether. But eaeh contains iiiiUter for a sepanite volume, and food siillieient to occupy protitably the couitativj hu'idtie.'i of some who have lent tli'-ir iiilluenee to the pre- sent movement, without having lirst calculuted tho risks, or made themselves aeipiainti'd with tho Ttii!iits of the general (pieslion, and thu sceral points at issue. I, We must defer tho contrast for a subsequent article. LOSS OF THE COLONIES OF ENGLAND. ['"rom Ihc Scolrh Jlrfhrmrrs^ Gazelle of April lif/i, ISICi, Pnbiishalalsi in Ihfl Mm- chcsler Gunrduin, and in manif of tin- prin- I'ipal Papers in the L'nilcd Kingdom and the Colonics. TO THE EUlTOli 01" Till: MANCHESTEU GUAUDIAN. Glas(;ow, Hlh April, ISIR. Sir, — As in your aitielo on SatmdaV {Fo- reign and Colonial Trade) yon grievously mis- represent tho views, against out-and-out Ireo trade, wliich I liav(> put fuith in tho Scotch lirfonncrs^ Gazette, I hope you will not refuse me the privilege of seltiniv myself right with tho readers of the Guardian. Allow mo to say, that thero is not a man in Vpn-injiji .^yj^op.e Hvrti'ip.thies are more with tho working classes' than mine are; indeed, I have always held, that the other classes or orders in such a society as onrs, are only a public benefit to the extent that, directly or indirectly, they are of use and assistanca to those who laboui for their bread. My obj«>ction to tho principle of Sir Robori Pool's legislation, is til.', lie regards tho po-u only ai consumets, imd legislates for them ool) in common with the rich. (Mow bloBBcd the poor would bo to (ind themselves so ar- cumHtanccd,) I am of opinion, on the contrary, (as stated in my h'tter in the Reformers^ Gaxitte of Itli April,) that, like tlio AmericanH, the whole ohject of our legidation should be the bene- fit flflhottc ii'ho labour. If, then, you and I are both friends of Iho people, our controversy becomes the friendly and g(.'nerous one of whose plan shall benefit them most. Now, I object to what you call the prinriplr of free trade, bcanso I do not call it a princi- l)lo or system at all, but just in trade what free-thiiiking is in religion, a departure from all pri ciplu or system, than which tho wor^t possible embodiment of sincere belief is less fatal or dangerous to tho commuiuty. To Sir Robert Peel's tarifT, as reducing tho proleclioiion rnanufactuiod goods, I would ob- ject, still more tluui to the removal of protection to Ihitisli and colonial corn, were it not that one of the immediate etl'ects flowing from the latter, viz.,— the loss of tho Hritish North Ame- rican Colonies— would bu irrc i i^diable. I frankly admit, however, that with free trade in manufactures, the retention of a du»y on foreign corn ought not to be submitted to by the Hritish artisan. Theso measures must go together, or toge- ther be stopped. If they pass into law, we will not only lose tho trade of the colonies, but the colonies themselves ; and, with them, Jir.s'//;/, our naval Rijpremaey, and, secondly, Ireland. With regard to tho possibility of retaining the colonies, f defy the Colonial Minister, or any one else, to show me any bond of union l;etween Canada aua England, after free trade is introduced. Tho fact i3, that iiinorantly governed as that colony bus been by Downing-street, the loyal- ists will not be able to stand their ground au'ainst the republicans in Canada We^t, if the former are armed whh no /flc/j in •■."our of the British Government; and if the .~' in- strous principle is avowed, that England wants territory in A.nerica, not to benefit, but only to rule, or misnde it ! The Kepublican party in Upper Canada are nil free traders, and a favourite means of getting the province free from England (by making it of no use to the mother country) used to be tho pushing for free trade with the- United Slates. In 1836, the Lower House of the Canadian Parliament (which had then a majority of Republicans) petitioned the King on this sub- ject, and the following remarks of my own, in the colony at the time, I liappen to hate preserved ; — 10 Now I allege no euch absurdity, althougfi t . ^ V think thai, hud we for the last twenty years ' Ihepditum carries to the foot nf the Throne fjl' owed a sou ml and exteM^iv• Hysiem, of oursvtp.us populatioTiy have bit'ii very inde- WUAT 1 AI.LKOE IS, THAT TMK ONLY PERMANENT DF.PENDANCE Of Tin; BlllTISII ARTISAN IS I'HOSPEKITY OV BlUTISH AJilUCULTUKE, OK VVHICM CoLONlAI, INDUSTUY IS A BkANcu. I alleire, rnoieovL'r, and that trulkfulUj, that the Colonisil, like the Home tiado, has tlie only limit to its piirchaaes of rnaiuiiinMnies in the extent of its entire means, while Brother J()tiathan,and all other foreign- ers, will not take Eniilish goods for onc-halj the amount evnx of that part of their means " Though addressed 'o the King, the province ''m evidently its intended sphere of usefulness. '* The petition carries to the Joot of the Throne " nuggestio s, which ifacqiiiisodin, wouhl leave re noting to tht cohmi s o '^'^ Canada of 710 tise to Knglcvd. In fart, the this counlrv might now 1 repent of our frontier duties would at once pendent olforeign tiado, " endangtr the connertion with England, seeing "that we could expednolh'hg less than th<' re- " peal, as a C07isre the principle of pro- our merchants and the labour of our farmers tection abandoned, the colonial .•system (which and mechanics, (in Canada they feel as is a mere br?.nch of it) falls also, or, what is to brethren), would have been to depreciate our my mind far woi8e(and could only last a year currency also, and retain our gohl, till our or t«vo), the colonies become a drag on the neighbors returned to a specie standard. empire, having ceased to benefit the mother I go into these particulars to show that free country, in any way after they have thrown off triuie between Canada and the United States, (the the Imperial Parliament's right to legislate for necessary consequence of the introduction of their trade, and commenced free trade with all free trade into England), is equivalent to the world. TUE separation OF THE COLONY FROM Eng- But I argue for the retention of the colonios LAND. The Americans will not in turn tree only, because it is the intere-( of England, tradi; \yith us ; and having ail the disadvan- I hold that it were better for England to lose tape's of the trade with the United Slates, the her colonies, magnitiicent thoujrh they be, ii.itural desire of the Canadians to have the than lo forbear doiiisranythinc, which is showa advantages of it too, will precipitate the anne.v- to be clearly in favour of the oppressed popu- ation, sooner than the cfeneral difTerence lation in this country. Thouirh I before pointed out, that the ac!op- tion of tree traile would necessarii}' lose the colonies, (whose markets there is no reason for us going to the expense of defending, unless our manufactures are protected there), I do not preteml to argnt' thai, to save the colonies, for their sake alone, should prevent us adopting free traiie in England, if the greater and more immediate interests of the mother country botween the views and habits of the Canadian :iad the American, would lead parties at a dis- tance to expect it. The loss of British America thus effected, the empire, instead of soon being able (through applying enlightened and active manaijement i.:i these colonies) to raise up a colonial trade iitriiisically as valuable as all our foreign trade, will have the present colonial trade reduced to the average of the United States would be advantaged thereby or about one-fourth the amount per head that Far, however, from this being the case, I colonists take of British goods. This is ihe view free trade as tendina; to reduce the extent oonsumniafion sodevoutly desired by the Ame- of our own manufactures, to deL'rade the con- ri(;;ms. They will tell you otherwise ; but dition of our manafacturers, and thus tc secure never let us forget the sumpathisers of 1837 and for the aristocracy, by-and-bye, a monopoly of 1S38, nor allow ourselves to be gulled into the political power in' England, as rendering it. in belief, that the hearts'-vvish of every Ropubli- character more an agricultural country than cm, is not to see the United States possessed at present ! of (Quebec, and monarchy driven from Arne- In fact I view that free trade is suicide on rica. and vol to see Washington's favourite project carried out, of nnnOTng' to their . manufac- ^.^^^ ^^ increased ; there will be more labonr em- ture of the British article will ace ; but as ployed , and all thia by the application of d little ot the British au'riculturists and weavers will both that saving which the hon. gentlennan says th<» have to compete with foreigners of less expen- rich are to derive from the tariff! introduced." Bive habits or modes of life, who are, in fact, (Loud cheers.) content with coarser fooil than the English get Those business men who cheered Sir Robert in workhoutics, and do not require the same Peel knew full well, if he did not, that his amount of fuel or clothing— their views in rema-k, if true of any land, is only true of the these respects must, no doubt, come down, to very best laud ; and that showing that some prevent them starving amiil so cruel a compe- lands would grow two-thirds more wheat, is lition (foreigners having the use of British mar- just showing that the price of wheat would be so kets, but not the British in fureicrn market>). reduceil with free trade, as to make it necessary 3rd. The colonies will, in the same way, to throw the pooterlands,(such as would yield no take fewer British goods, under free trade bd- more than the preterit crops) into woods or tween each oilony and fiU the ^t)orll, even if their grass, as being worth no rent at all for purposes means of buying were not reduced. It is self- of cultivation. evident, however, that, to the extent that th -ir jf j^g poorer lands are thrown out of cnlliva- wheat, or their timber produces less money, j|o„ it will be impossible to make up the loss they must take fewer jroods. Q^t ^f an increase of even two-thirds on the 4lh. The manufacturer will not have all ijener lands,and tliere will be nothing like the these deficiencies in demand, from British and means in the country to buy manufactures hitherto favoured channels, made up to him, by .„o«p}, ctntPQ— a similar or greater amount of increase in tho Mr. Hudson m h.s speech states foreign demand. On the conlrarv. instead of That the probable average price of corn un- incieasing, the foreicn demand will gradually der the new bill would be from 35s. to 40s. a fall off; governments abroad will, by their quarter. duties, prohibit British goods, the more they see The hon. member's calculation will prove jihat they can in Biitish gold for their proilucts, quiie correct, find for a few years that impulse for their do- l^, ^g guppose a farm now let thus— mestic manufictures, which hitherto they have jgO acres, at £3 per acre. . , £300 wanted, but which, in a few years, would not p,oduces 300 quarters at a clear profit only create in an increased manufaciuring of 26s, 8d, equal to 400 population, a great enduring home market for •heir produce, (enduring if they don't take up Remainin<» to the tenant £100 hat though the onleal «' ' ^« «.J^ > «"^ '^^ on the two extremes, the landlord and weaver. thetrneighbours whose lands are in (leDl, and "" "' . . . ^ . ... 1,11. S^ rpofe ii^ry oue still to the manufacturers, or I think that foreign competition will lead to 1^ the following reauItinfthecMe of the best lands: pose (a most sensibic and patriotic oif« oil The 100 acres \yill now be let for one- ins part) or building up rival manufactures half £150 TO THOSK of the British M kchanic, and them The produce will be raised 60 per cent, so to admit tiikse duty free to compete with that 36s. Sd. will do instead of Sis. lOd. oukownheavilv-taxed labour, seems to me (stated by Sir R. Peel to be the present to amount to suicide on the i-art of both average), 450 quarters, at lis. Id. clear the manufactuuinc and agricultural in- profit fJ50 tehests oy this country. I view the free trade proposed as only Leavingthesameresult to the tenant,, ..£100 removing,' the reMrictioiis finrri, and pivin" But take the case of land vrhose yield can- freedom to, the industry of foreign countries', not be increased— Far from lu'inu an oiiconrapornenl to native The 100 acres will be let for industry, free trade practically denies the nothing or X 66 13 4 Huitish Artisan's right to labour, by The produce, 800 quarters, at taki\g away mis oppok iunitv to do so. lis. Id. clear profil 166 13 4 Small th-ni^h the exports to tiie Colonies show in your ialile.s, it is wondiM fnl to ine lo soo Leaving the same result to the the amounlslheyare.knowinshow grievously tenant.. £100 the progressofiheColoiiifS has been ncirlected, Neither the two mo-^t practical of p'urposes The 100 acres formerly produced — ihe amelioration of the circi'mstances 300 quarters, at 51s. lOd 777 10 of the Uritish Artisan, and the procuring The 100 now produce 300 quarters Permament markets for our manufactures, at 36s. 6d Bi3 15 lhroui;h plaiitini: in our Colonies a population • — with Hiiti-ih habils— liave come home lo go- The ability of the country trade is vernmeiits, which have not usually been many reduced, or one-lhird £233 15 moiilhs at a time otherwise engaged than in But the landlord could not stand by and see mere struggles for existence, his property wholly sacrificed, so that his land 'J'he comparative vahie of Home and Colo- will be forced back intogiass or woods, as the nial, as compared with Foreign trade must not colonies will be forced out of our hands by the be judged by mere //"ifj/jTs, ^ ' competition of foreign corn, instead of, as Sii- It should be remembered that as much or Robert Peel assures us, creating more employ- more prolit accrues, in the Home and Colo- inent or labour for the surplus population of ninl trade, to Prilisli subjects on the goods af- the country! tor tln-y leave Maiichesler as belore,"and that You will thus see clearly my position to be, the Home and Colonial trades take no 'rold that (as it IS only bij thnir labour iliat the peo- wliile to the Americans we nay more iroldlhan ;i/<;ca/i a/^oin p?-(ji'ision.s) the self-evident pro- goods, and do net materially increase our position IS, that no amount of '^Jood in the exports to the United Slales; alluou'di in 1845 co!i7j/n/" would 1)0 of benefit to the poor if it ia we look from ihem ],HIM,60() bales" of cotton not paid lor in Jinthh labour. against H:2!),906 bales in 18-22; with a similar As anxious only to attam for our oppressed increase in most of our other imports. From working classes the nearest approach to "a the Colonies you Jiave an ineieasiii"- demand happy mdependence,'' I would at once give as the population increases; but the United the people the ray of coufulence and content- States, wilii a population of twenty niillion" raent, which would flow from their hmwr made do not lake doidile the nuuutity of "oods tliey (ofrel sure, ihat for the fulKre the uMe object of did when a colony, wiili scarcely^over two Jmtisk legislation will be, first to procitrc, and millions of a population. then to render permanent , the lari::est amovnl of 'Tis true that your tables show a lar^ro busi- cmployment Jor those who lahonr for their bread, ness with the Americans in 1835 and 1836. Ihis, in reality (apart from Anti-Corn-' nv but your readers will scarc.ly loriret the im- Hlan-j and humbug) is the gi.alest amount of mense distress ihrnu-h the abiupt sloppnao of Ijreadjor the poor. ihe inii-hly machinery set in motion in Man- In the now imminently artificial state of tliis chesleraiid Hndder>lleld to supply fancy "oods country, I would be wdbui; to adeunee lo the for a demand wA.V/i was so rrtifirial, that the extremest pomt of liberality lothe ioreiguer, to arrival of one packet from New York blew it induce a reciproral trade with him. all lo ihe winds ! I would even lu-range to take his wheat on l^ree trade in' F.n-land in corn will not be llie same dutyfree fooling as home and colo- Ihe iiiimense prartical advantage to the Wost- nial wheat, 1* the foreigner takes payment in crn .St.iles that many snpi)oso; but no com- tlie labour of ihe Pnlish artisan. mercia! ndvaiitage whalcver, will induce tho 1 would do aiis as a duty to the working Americans lo a.lopt so suicidal a course, as to classes, even if the tearing up of every treaty hesilat.. in their present excellent policy, of and parchment in existence was involved. becoming independent of foreit^ners in staple _ Hal tor us to adopt a system that not only manufactures, so that we should be irlad if ihc gives, but professes to give, our hard money present amount of our exports to ihe U, SiateR TO THE FOREIGNER, to TAKE TO THE NORTH OF ig kcp! Up, wilhout CXpeCtiua any inCICase. JiUROPE AND America, for the avowed pur- Any man who has been among the in;' 13 wcnsely ©Ktended Tactories of New England, The total exports of " Calicoes," to ofl etnm as I have been, roust hold this opinion. Far different is the staple, greatly irioreasinfr, and permanent Colonial demand, of which I ehall now give some particulars. And that I may n ' be accused of se'ectinf; linfair data wiib y , ct to the Cotton trade, I may remark, thai he total iwig-Zi^of yarn in manufactured col. (.u '^noih exported in 1.S15, viz.: 202,350,687 lbs., the two leading staples -'« plain calicoes," and " calicoes printed ^, ^^.||.^^^^ ^^ .^, ^^. ^^ ,-,.^^,i^,„ ^^^^^ ^^^_ and dyed''--referred to below, make up (ac- ^^_^^^^ in 1815, however, the former \ya.s to the } millions, the colonies havin^r consumers than the whole of tries, in two years, Mr. Burn sets down as fol- lows : — Total '• Cnlicoeg Plain" to 1«4) 184.% all Countries .... 3r)6,fM0,4.V2yd9. f.l3,imM.%yd8 T<.{;olunic«asB!)OV0 - - 134,IM5,431 " yoOMSOP " Baliinco — Exports to other Counlriea 232,001,1)01 " 303,778,139 " Thus, in 1841, our colonial trade, in this staple article of the cotton manufacture, was to our tiadc with the rest of the world as 134 to cording to tlie estimate of Mr, Burn, in his ' ,„' , onn ,' '«n'i Commcrcwl Clance lor he past year w lose ,/,,,, t,,.,^,,„j,, general correctness will not be doubted) is ,,,,,.„//,,,. ,„,r,/,,/s r 194,080,490 lbs., leaving only 8,280,195 lbs., to be otherwise accounted for, as cnteiing into the production of the liner and miscellaneous fabrics, of which, however, the colonies take a fair and yearly-increasing share. The total value of manufactured cotton goods exported in 1845, not including cotton yarn and thread, is estimated by the same authority at ,£15,282,- 447. Of this amount, the value of the under- mentioned staples makes up £13,576,279 In the article of dyed and printed calicoes, the proportion stood thus:— T.'Inl "Dvcil nnd I'rinlcil 1841. 1845 CiilKMies'' to all Countries 278,748,27') yds. 31(),H.-)0,0t)7 y.ls nutc. to Colonica - - - - Vofi'-iiMii " 70,08 1, , ViS ■' fiiilnncc— F,.vnort3 to nllir.r Ou.itrifs - - - - 232,827,033 „ 2 10,709,1 39„ Thus, in 1841, the proportion of the colonial consumption of this most important class of mp.nufactured fabrics, to the consumption cf The fallacy of quoting, in such an inquiry as the rest of the world, was as 45 t« 232 millions, this, merely gross quantities, irrespective of or short of one fifth ; whil.«t in 1845, the pro- tho sort of goods exported, is exemplified by portion was as 70 to 210 millions, or uptmrds the fact that, of the other groat branch of our cotton exports for 1845— the trade in yarns- amounting in wc!c,hl to 131,937,935 lbs., and in value to only X'6,596,897— an article upon which the least amount of indu.stry is employ- ed, and which is, consequently, least profita- ble to us ns a nation, nearly two-thirds, or upwards of 90,000,000 lbs. werit to those corn- growningcountriesof the continent, whose al- most worthless commerce with us, we are thus, by our mea.sures, preferring to the valuable trade of finished goods, of which labour is the ^rcnt component purl, provided by our own colo- onies and the home trade. 15v a reference of two-scvcnths. I now subjoin the following comparisons, in} purpose being to show — Isf, That the trade of our present colonie,'?. through the neglect of the Government and otherwise, is yet oidy in its infancy, and that it is theiefore unfair to judge of it by tlie past. 2ud, That while such trades as that to the United States are taking (and must necessarily from the increase of their own manufacturing ability take), every year, fewer and fewer fifaplc goods, there is, in the face of every drawback, a mightily increasing bemam FROM TflK COLONIES. then to 7i(/rn'.'; romm(n((// G/i/ncr, for the past Comparative view of Exports to United States year, I find the following to have been the ex- • and British America. ports of the two loading articles of the cotton wnw. manufactures:—" Plain Calicoes," and « Plain Calicoes" to United Stales 1 iul81l 11,957,053 1 Ditto to British America 7,757,332 Balance in favour of United Slates in 1811 4,199,?2I " f!a1icoes Printed and Dyed" to United States in 1841 26,025,<28I Ditto to British America 10,703,415 Printed and Dyed Calicoes," in 1841 and 1845, respectively, to the undernotcd cohniia' markets. I should remark that I include China, although not strictly a colonial market, partly from its intimate connexion with our (']a.st India trade, and the iuduence which our East possessions nfl'ord us in maintaining our relations with that country ; but chiefly from the fact of the returns tor 1841 including die exports to both markets. i;Xi't>HTS OF (;uTTON COtlDS to the ('OLONIKcS. Balance in favour of United States 15,321,8r>f; B.W.ImlioB-- 11. N. Aiiicrirri ("ape 1 >NI) llYKIl. ISll. ly.-i. l!-ll. 1843. Yds. i V(lB. Yds. ! ^(l^. (),Kn,2-0 10,087. Ual 0,774,200; 20,720,041 7 7:)7,:t:i'> ll,.'>-O.V^^0llO.7l!3,4l,i 13,:!(W,I73 2 0-:-.:).'.2 :i,:"il..'i;i l,004,->:tO ;1,.ViO,302 r n'l.... .■Ill ioo,i!!';.,.i;.r.,., ,,„ ,,,,1 2u,t)8;i,i;tri 113,1(.2,(.0.1 n,(rn)i),27.V--''^'"'"'" 2,wr),ii;i 085,823' sloOI.OOOi 007,0021 :i,8,')0,^0l Total 1 134. 12.-.,45ll309,3«0,5«0 .13,920,2221 70.Utfl,5J8 "Plain Calicoes" to United States in 1845 12,41^,981 Ditto to British America 1 l,580,.5S(; Balance myiwour of United States, onlij 832,395 *' Printed and Dyed Calicoes" to the UnitedStates, in 1845 .... 13,097,8.51 Ditto to British America 13,362,17;^ 14 Balance infavowr of BrUitk «« A comparison of the trade of the eaatsrit Amerwa. 264,322 wiih that of the western worjd, lakinc the In 1845, instead of 15,321,866 against in value of imports and exports, elands nearly n , • r r . ,r ■ , thus:— From and to China and the Ea&t Indies, Comparative view of Expons to United about £16,000,000; and from and to British u n, • ?'!'"""» ^'■;',"'^ To' ^"'^''*' ^"'^^ America uud the West Indian Colonies. '< Plam Calicoes" to Uiiii i States i;i4.000,000. in 1841 . . 11,957,053 " it thus appears that the latter or British Ditto to British West Indies 9,831,280 American trade requires nearly five times „ , . . , ,, .^ . »"0f« ships, loimage, and seamen to carry it Balance in favour of United on. thai- the former or trade to all India and ^^'^'^ 2, 125,773 China ' lereby afibidinj!: an incalculable ad- «n. • nv M . TT • .o vanlajie to a naval power, and the support of a "Plain Calicoes" to United btafes naval foice, and aLso to the employment of ,,.'"1*15. 12,412,981 British labour and capital. ^ ^ Ditto to British West IiiMics lfi,9S7,142 '• i'lom the official statement of the exports „, . . n •,• L r,r and Impofts of Great Britain lo the dilVerenl Balance m favour British West parts ol the world for the year 1843 to which /mfievm 1845 4,.574,S61 we have alluded, we find that the whole instead ot 2,125,733 yards agamst in wei-;ht of cotton yarn and cotton goods ex- u n V D • . 1 , 1^ ,„ P""^'*^^^ '^'""^ ^''''*'** '^'''''■^'" aniiiially Is 120,000 Laiicoes Printed and Dyed" to ions, and tlie value X23,500 000. United States in 184L 26.025,281 " It follows, then, that one half the tonnage Ditto to British West Indies .... 9,774,720 employed in carrying the West Indian exports „, . . ^ ,, . . (value £2,882,441) wouKl be suflicient to carry Balance m favour of United (he whole cotton export trade of this country : « n y Kl '" *^^ r^-- ;,; • ■ 16,250,561 and as regards the North American trade, one- Calicoes Punted and Dyed" to seventh of tlie tonnage would be suflicient to United States mis. 5. 13,097,851 carry all that cotton^trade about which Mr. Ditto to British West Indies 20,729,641 Cobden has made such a noise, but whose n , . . /.T. •,■ 1 r,r ^^''^^ ^'"^ ?''''^'' intrinsic importance to the Ba ance infivor of British West empire, no agriculturist nor color.ist has ever T ♦ J Jr\\'}rf., • • •,• ••••,•■• 7,631,790 siiown any disposition to undervalue that I am Instead of 6,2o0,5bl yards aaainst in 184 1 ! aware of. And it may not be inaoropos that I Jiere «' I cannot better finish off this statement quote the following i,om my letter in the than by repealing that, while the trade of Scotch Reformers' Gazette of 14tii March, as British Amenca and the West Indies stated in proving the inestimable value of colonial trade 1843 to be only £14,000,000, employs 2 900' iis well as the .miuiitv fluctuation which is ships of 970,000 tons, and 60,000 seamen 'our THE INSEPARABLK CHARACTER OF TiiADi: WIIH trade wiih the United Stales, estimated at ALL couNTRiKs WHICH ARE iiKYOND TiiK I'ALK £22,000,000, (three-fifths beiu" importsof raw OF o'.R OWN cuuRE.N-cv AND TRADK LAWS AND cotlon, &c.,) i.s carried iu 350 ships of 233 000 EEGi'LATioNs : tons ; and the impoil fiom China, amounting 1 desire shortly to recur to the subject of to £5,000,000 is brought in 84 ships of 39 712 colonial rule to show lis infniile superiority tons. over a foieigri trade, or a merclijmanvfacturinfr " The trade of America when our colonv in commcrcf.,and 1 take my figures horn the onic.al 1769 employed, on the average of three years statements, of tlie e.xpoils and imports of Great 1,078 ships, and 28,910 seamen, and the value Kritain in 1843, not luivmg the later returns at ot th.-se goods taken from Great Britain was ^" Tn .r,„ ♦ 1 -.1 i> •. • .1 ^ , . -i;''^370,(K)0 ; the exports of the colony being In the trade with Britam and her Colonies £3,924 606 Jo in the western world about 60,000 seamen "The population of the United States is are yearly employed, lor whom the amount of now nearly ten tunes what it then was, without Thlfl^^Knannl P^"^'^'""'" «''"","' ^''^ ^"'^ ^">' ^'*'''^ Permanent increase in our exports han £3,500,000 per annum; an< the repairs, to America, (causes over which we had no ^Ik^T^,:^ replacing of capital m the ships control. l„oii-hi tiiem down in the year 1842 £4,500,000 more. to £3.528,807.)" an,Jrv //wifn^^'"'*'''" ^''"""" ^""^ ^"*''''' ^*'^"''' '^'"sing my remarks, I desire to ana ttnna, 10,000 seamen are employed, and recur to the disingenuous conclusion of Sir will amount lo £500,000; and the replac(!m.^i!t f|imtPd from i*i S;'l'"'ii,""''"f f^ £800,000; in all, " Yes, the Premier triumphantly concludes- i'l,JUO,000. The whole, or nearly the whole '« Vm is what ,jou have to decide hy your vote 01 the supplies necessary to maintain these on this question— Will you advance or will i/oi* seamen and tonnage, are the productions of recede V British soil and labour, which, in a national And ai his getting the reins out of the question in the mean time. It will soon become palpable that there are not really two Working Con- STiTurio.NAL Parties in the Statu, ahd THAT THR WhIOS HAVB A MONOPOLY OF Power : for it will be self-evident that the existence of Church questions, prevents the possibility of our joining the Protectionists or 16 , 7 SS lh«?j'l^ ^"'''V'r'l' ''" °" "'''''' ''^'''Se one and the .ama customs duty (say of 10 per cent) on every article imported. TJiey say mat if one country sends to anothei country twenty millions of its national labor (us the United States do to England), and takes from that country (as the United States do//-om England) oidy seven millions of that country's labor, tiik riiiiiTKEN millions of foreign labor ought to bo taxed in the country into which it is imported, to prevent the home labor being actually onaworscjooling than it is, even if tiie tax were not reijuired for revenue. The Protectionists, in fact, do not object to put the foreigner on the same footing as the Home and Colonial manufacturer and pro- ducer, PKOVIOFD HE TAKK.S I'AVMENT IN BhiTISH lador; and this, surely, is being liberal enough. ftihjects they might come to be a better repre mentation of public opinion than the Whigs. The discussion of the great and vital question of labor will thus have no clmnce of fair i)lay, and the greatest ilistreis and misery will be the inevitable consequence, if we couJd suppose it possible that the working classes would remain ijuiel, and permit the throat of their peculiar interest, the (iuKsnuN ok Labou, thus to be cut. As reasonably might wo expect the pub- lic to tolerate the culpable leaving of impedi- ments in the way of an e.vpie?s railway traiu to scatter certain death and destruction all around. So certainly, therefore, would I calculate on the Irish Church cpiestion being speedily (kspatdwd, or the Whigs blamed f'- retaininOT FRKE TRADE THAT WE IIAVK GOT. TllCy \s;ll declare that, far from holding objections to .-eal bona Jul: frki: trade, they cannot :ir.reeing; toaw being perpetiialcd as It stands, exeejit lliat there will be no duty when the price rises to 5 Is. All other article.', now in the Tariff to remain as at present. And AI.I. articles not in tluj Tariff to pay 10 percent, on the value in this country. I feel satisfied that the rrotecti(;i:ists liave their plans much more matured than peoi)le geneniliv suppose, and that I have iiowiriven a good hinl's-nip. vi'U', at least, of theohjecto desired to bo attained by them. That a policy so generous and enlarged will bo all carried uul, or even allenipUni, «/ once, so as to secure it;; success, is a tliin:r which I scarcely expect, for in all parties there will always be found small men '■'fearful and unk'Uoving:,'' whose miniU lead them to attempt only little mailers, success in whieli i.s hltle honor, auti failure is disgraceful,— instead of a spriug at worthy objects in which, oven in failure, you are associated with great- iiess, and with what, in your own miiiJ, at least, is goo;luet;s. Into the foregoing I have purposely thrown somethiuy of tlie '• whole hog," my chief object being to excite the attention of the Whigs to the I'osMinurv or aaot.!i:ii vwity STAHTI.Va UP O.N VKUV l'01'l.'LAi: I'Ul.NCIl'LKS wniLi: r am di-siuous to jiaki; it ai'pauk.nt Tho Chttreh willno longer bo permitted tc rule this country in the nairiu of tho (Jovern- ineiit. The Rrformntion of tho Irish Ciiurch [^ imi)eralively railed for, as a prelude to the unprejudiced discussion of tho (jckstion oi. i.Aiioii, or (>f the full employment of the coun- Irys industry, that great interest which now mu.jt alone be legislated for, as seen to involve the stability of ail that wo hold sacred— tho hapi)iness of the people, the Crown, and the iialional credit; but it is also re(piired as a prelude to the necessary social ameliorations Jii Ireland, the condition of which conntry is a disirrace to the empire. 'Ihe other lOstablished Churches may bfa defended as mailavfi of <:i)ramstamcs, but the Irish one, as now constituteti, cannot. >:ome good men within it have been ablo to do a hltle nood, in spite of the ab.iminable sy.stem of which they are a part. But let us compare tiiis with the good that might luu-c been done m Ireland, aiul shndder when we think of the heart-binniiigs ami animosities which their exclusive sy>tom has created, generally ending in the foulest butcheries by Ciiri.-,tians of their fellow-Christians. The vltoli; revennes of the Irish Church will probably have to be devir.ted to tho endow- m;jnL of a okkat Ikisii Poor I.aw, charity being the only religions duty in which the loririer and present possessors of them con- .scienliously agree, (the State guaranteeing an eiiniiablo provision for the nre.sent incumbents for life.) Re I TUATMV "AUTllOlilTir" AMOU.NTS TO .NO MOIii: THAN THAT OF " KVK.NTS tASTI.NO TJIKIR suAOows liiireiu;," I am sure it may at least be said of my statement, that it is one which Sir II. Peel is much more likely to support, than, at the opening of the last Parliament, he was to sup- port the measures he ciiried. Relleclion on the almost insuperable diili- cnlties attendant on tho iutrotl action of Free Trade, even with our Colonies, (t!ie only coun- tries in the world whicli are al>le and wiiiiug to free Inule with us), musi have the eliect ol shoii'ing up the humbug that luas been spoken on the subject of the practicability of Free Trade tcUh all the world. But to extend the benefil.s, and if po-.-ihlc?, tile name of Mugland to the farthest frontiers ol our Colonies, is no mi'an oliject, thus ena- bling foreigiieis lo feel that in the remotest corners of the earth, they can liud Kiiglish manulactures as untaxeil as in iMmland. That the Proeteclionists ean come into pow- er nov) seems (piite out of the question. The thorough reformation of the Irish Ecclesiastical nuisance, must be a prelude to our trusting a class of men who, though tJnguished for their personal honour, .j equally distinguished for their Ctiurch- Toryism. igiousiiie(|ualIty bani.shed from IrelantI, the law may and will be vindicatetl ; for mur- der will then have none of those thousand ex- cuses, which the present ramified system of oppressiiiii is daily creatino-. The foregoing seems our duty, even if we could not expect //; our da;/, to .see'tlie blessins:--, of (;ven a good sy.stem of Jaw,ai)|neciatetl by"a iKilion of men so degiaded, and dead to every leeliug of national independence, as to have ([uietly submitted so long, to hav(i a church so unlike Ireland in it.s extravagance, and other- wise so pali)ably uiiadapted lo the conntry, fnred on them cixn if it were the best church on earth. 1 would, however, feel very confident, that an immedialely good elfect would flow, from the generous treaiment on our p.iit, of a pnpu- lalioii individually so warm-hearted. Indeed, I think there is every reason, from the charac- ters borne by Irishmen abroad, to believe, that, if in Ireland we invest them, with Ai.r. the pri- vilcii'es of British subjects, they will be pre- pared and forward to perform all their duties with alacrity. In such case, liow soon the scene would change ! Ireland becoming an outlet for British manufacturing labor, such as no foreign country can present, and in everything the ornament and boast of the empire, instead of, as at present, .^ cause of Shame, ISAAC BUCHANAN. Glasgow, January, 1847. 18 CAN THE BRITISH MOXARfMlY RK Piu:si:uvKi)? I ANSWK.R No, i:.Ml'H.\riC.\I.LV No, rNI.KSS rilK llPl'KK ("l.VSSI S I'KIIMir illK IMMKDIATE AUOHIION OF MKASL'IU;S VVIIItll TIIKIIl l'i;li- gONAL INTKUESrs VVll.l., I KKAIi. MAKK TIIKM DKNouNCE AS Hkvoi.u honaiiv. Juvr AS rut: ,SLAVK-llliK,Kl>lMi I.'illl) OV lU.Pt.'HI.ICAN AmK- UK'A I'HKKKKS UlSKINli TIIK I.MKt patiiotic of Ens'ish slatesmim. The time has come wl;en evf>ry considera- tion but that of our coinitry must be f()r:jroi!en by us all, and I expect to see your Lordship the first to show by your example, that not only should former aiiti[uithi(>s, luit also pre- dilections be laid aside by public men, the monient ihey are seen to be DANnKiious to the state ill tlie ciioumslances that surround us. This is no time to discuss or (jiiarre! about details. Thp vital (iiic^tion comes home to every Briton's heart and pride, as well as lo his material iiiter(>sts, can the P.ritisii Mon- ARCiiy lit; rHESKllVKD ? TIlK CRKvTF.ST TIIK MOST K.M'URINO THE MOST DISINTIRESTF.D— EMBODIMENT OF RIGHT AND PRACTJCAb PRINCI- PLES T lAT HAS BEKN TKSTH) BY TIME ! I ANSWER No, EMPHATICALI.r No, UNLESS THB Upper Classes (in whom no onb has coNrinP.r»rK, si'«rK Sir RonnnT Peel STtrtTl- fiEP THE Commons, and tiik IJuKK ok VVrl- i.jNoToN I HE Lords ) pehmit the immediate ADOI'TION OK MK.\M;uKS Wliril TIIIIR PERSONAL iNTEKF.'jrS WII.I., I IKAR, MxKK SOME DE- Md'MK AS Ul vol I'lTON \RV, HOWEVER PATRIO- TIC THEY MAY n.EI. TIIKM TO »E. The I'eel Conscivatives, in onler to popu- larize themselves as a i-Aurv ro consf.rve 1 HE ciiraeii, .siiciiliced what they had told their constituents they in their licarts believed to be THE INTEREST OF HIE naiiisii Lahoreu; and //I'lyare now a moral uultthj, incapable of servility the crown, while the retention ol peculiar privilei,'es by their -thinkeis in commerce, they can do no more for the working-people (through whose contentment and haiipiness alone the Crown can be sustained) than ttie free-thinkers in reliirion can. The one would land their bodies in deat;., the oiher their souls. The total want of ail patriotic principle, or tang^iblo principle of any kind, in iireciprocal Free Trade, may appear temporarily to be blessed, jnketcli ol what I should de- mand as POINTS OF oun Chautku. JOTTINGS ON TIIK SUBJECT OF THE CIIARTKR. 1st. Tho present and all future national debts must be viewed as beinjr merely a claim Settiements) the depailmeni of India Kast- on the realized pmp.Mty ol Hie country, al- und the department of India West— to be though Hie trade will leel it just ami eciuitablo called— WOULD MaKK LABOII A SA LKABLK PKOI'IOUTV (aT ONU PIllCl.; OR ANorilKll LIKH KVKRy Tin.NO KI.SK) BV CBKATI.NO A CONTI>UAl, DEMAND FOB IT. b/hly. To Ireland and the Urilish Colonies, there must I e a national -svstkm ok coloni- zation, uiuier a ne.v Cabinet Minister, (to whom I shall allude presently) and whom I would call the Ministkuok Kmpi.ovment with the co-openilion of the ])iiiicipiil Sccrelarios of State for the Colonies, who sliould be not less than four in nunibt r U'l/Zi diatinct departments — say the North American department, the Australian (lep;utment (includiMg the African that the sui|)liisof the liKVj-.NUK from tradk, after paying the current expenses of the go- verniuenl (this being viewed as indicating the amount of pioteclion to native Industry) be handed over to the Coiiunitsioners of Ike Ilii- VENUK FuoM i>H0PKRTY, wliich hereafter hhoiild not interfere with thu office of the Chancellor of Exchequer. Thus it is abuiKlanlly evident that England has not thk mkans ok pavinu The intkkkst ok iikh National Di:ut, if Free Trade is per.-i-teil in, for this involves freedom from ihe Excise duties also, seeing that it were mauil'estly absiiril to have foreign Industry free, and Home Iiuhislry laved. '2ndly. I would do away with all reslrie'ions on the internal Tiade of the com. try, (if Free Tiade in foreiirn labor is persisted in) taking o/Tthe Excise and all Taxes, leaving only the property 'lax, to pay the liileiest of the Na- tional Debt, wiih Cnsl(iHis,Stain[)s (inelncliiig Secretary of State for the Northern Colonies. Secretary of Slate for llie Eastern Colonies. Secretary of State for the Southern Colonies. Secralary of Slate for the Western Colonies. I am far from believing that the foregoing machinfny, each Secretary havins the assis- tance rif two under secretaries, (nativcx of the pnrlindnr Coloniid D pnrtmcni, whom [ shall refer to below) will be found at all adequate, a a few years hence, to Ihe important duties, the proper perfoimance of wliich would realize (!00D covk.rnmkntto THK CoLONiEs ; and from this may be leathered iny idea of thI'; total INADr.ftUACV OK THK I'lU'.SKNT DEPARIMKNT IN DowNiNc Strkkf, as the Colonial machinery of a great empire whose life's blood is '• Sliips, Ccilnniat und Commerce,^' and nol the mere "Manufaduring Commerce^' probate on real estate,) and the Post Othce, to of the Free Trader, oi mere Manchester man. meet the current expenses of the country. The country should look to the new depart- 'Srdlij. For^three ) ears 1 uouid reduce every inent for the accomplishment of a distinct allowance and salary, fioin llie (Queen's down and common si;nsk oa practical objixt, such to the public servant at £3(J0 a year, one as the extension of the country's expoits noi third — the smaller ones in a less piopoiliou — less in any one year, above the I'ormer year's and afterthree years I would only increase exports lliari one million of pounds sterling — them to tho extent absoluiely necessary to with a siuiiiar increase of the productions in retain the liifrhest talent in ihe service. I the Biitish dependencies, of colion and other would make this reibiction if I luul no olher raw maikkial, ksskntial to our mannfactur- object than to bring back the sympathy of the ing independence and supremacy, or as I governors with ihe di-lrcss of the govermd, expressed it in Mnrch, 1816, '"So systematis- which Sir R Peel's heartless systems have iny- malteis that, through the labor of a British done away; but justice lo the national creditor colonial population, we will each year be (bankrupt as we are) also requires it. gelling more and more cotton, more wheat, ithlif. I would intirrst the moneyed classes of morn timber, more sugar, more sheeps' wool, the country in pushinir our expoits of British and all other necessaries, Pavinu British la- labor, by enabling Cold to lise and fall in the boh for tii£m and Nor British gold, as at market like any olher commoitity ; so that present." By means of practical govern- the man ofmonoi would have a direct iiilerest ment like this we shouKl find ourselves very in encouraging the shipment of British labor, to little dependent on foreign trade, which prevent foreigners having a demand on us for however won Ul be sure to woo us the more, gold, seeing that this would cause the rise of the more we become indepenitent of it ; and 20 (hiM would we be the blemod inrtitiment of hand on htindrcd* of pmetlcal nnd e«peri«neod bringing indepomloiice to the door of every mon, lunnHwnrllionhovodoscription in ("annda, jnduslriousfiurjily ill Engliuid, nn iiidepoii- who would, (ora vrry Hiiinll nnniml conaidora- dence which coil' ' bo de/tendcd on to liust as linn, (lifyond ii fjrniil nl' land) transfer Ihoin- Idiig as o'/i r«'p< uUiiin 1. iriucinroi'iil i''ri!(' Hclvo:* lo Uio nrv (hs'rn'tN, nliout to bo I'lid Trade, and (ltd 'in on ii> mihiMe to iho oprn, nH ihc hfiids ol' thrso ertllr-nirnls ; nnd, I yrtcti ^•''"•t'iplo < !• I wllisliiu'N- as lip- h;ivo 110 doiil't, Ihn Hiinio thinjr would b(i nscnsy jiosed tft Iff** Vws.n ^iDJi loirlrineM. Ii) all olhrr ('olonii-n, to mm lornlly nrfpiointcd In Irv.^, ^dsu'iiiK siHju. i' Of I ori- Imidrd liy no riinM'Irniil'ii but tho pront 8rA*(it*. and ono whiili my locd kiinw bdrc inti i -'s nf iiii« riii|iiip, I wdiiUI witliniit nny riO0« not IJL ii/H i'oi' niterin^' iiiId, liutlicr lli;in liositaiinn itiip'iinllobc .loi.xiCJoi.oMAr, Sr.ciiK- to (Kll-V '^b'fe 1 sliuild very iiiiicli prftft to flPt taiiii's ok SiaTi; in Li ndiiii, tnrii of jjt niiip, nn niif r'*"'', Mr. t^inith (/I' J)i iin,-! i,'s pro- i-nd ctinhinin^r |'"'li iim nliuy inlcnt with the ffissional (ii|i'"'''i/*( ''■^ 'o f'le pnHbibiiily uf n*- ( ri"d with iSir Uoboit 1'. l'« w«ll known oincml (//c/hh» on the subject, Ojtiik rArAUiti rir.s OK J IIK COLUMi:-!, I KX.W MNOItill TO KCIMI- DIATK, AS 11 IKKI.V W irilOl 1 1 (ir.M.'AJ'lON, A>» THK Ml'AW. CKKATIUK OK INKXl'I'lllKX Iv, JMi: liii would III! tlif lldiiouriiblcs IJoborl. Il.Sulli- viin, and .loscpli 11, iw, (at |ircsont I'rinic MinisliTs of Ciinfnliiiind iN'uva Scotia, rrspcc- tivcly,) to prr'^idi; rvor tlio norllicrn nnd soutliprn c.iloni I--, l.vivjurr i||i> |, resent nblo iimier .serrelanis, Mr. llHwcNtiud Mi. Puller, JDF.A THAT TiiH foi.oM/ vTioN SLiLiiX'T IS si'U- to Jipiily tli( mschc-i to tlif! o;i8!rri) and westetii noDMiF.n WITH iNHiKMoiMAnr.i; niKKitui/ri. I coloiu.iliicparimrntH, Overthpne men 1 would lliiiik that all the diilieuliy lies in the i;,riiiir;in(;o nibiw no Kupiiciliinis or lordly uiM'-ler, any inuro and W.I lit of biuii!r4 ('iml InoJn I Imil nlmnit t'lan 1 Would tolniao fl;t; intoricrenci! of nny stiid) ill ]) iwiiiiifr Street ; nnd 1 dioiild feel Hiow-nioviny' I)o\vitin(.' s'roet clerk, cumbered 1h ' coloniza'ian entcrpnso hairrirecl.'d, Ciipun Willi old iiiii.-hip with Lord Ashburton, and Mr. llerriefi, if plMrinjr yoin-' 'nasscr'iinjr this; as llie i;niver.-'al ieeiini; in the selve.s in ibe bieaeh of ilio eorvtitetiori. ntthc vOlonics. 1 would i^ive n free <,'innl, us bi^ j»;cs(Mit en.-i-" of its fate, wniih! nilni in one birthrijjht, to every lUiin in (ircal Unl.iin, ire- viinifnt t'lp hauhlfd hi art ofllif emphf nnd f>f land, and the Colonics, of 100 acres of land, in the ii> rid, by beiny nlilo to announee. that fol- whatcvnr eolony he cbooii'es to ^'o to or reiiiai,) low n: your noble ex.iiiiple, Lords Olnrondon in a? AN ACTi'Ai- sKTTi-i'.a : thiisaloiu'O would nni! I'almerston (ji!ei;uipar:ilily tlie ablest men a frleun of hopo and self-re.stv ot be tliro.vii into the durkesl breast in .Manchester or lil.is- fjow, while a MorivK to i;co\omv woiiiil bo furnished to every man, in ^ru'Jieiinfr to.'-othor Buflicient money to eonvey his fiiiiily tuitlicr. In jiislioo to the eoloni ts, as well as lol'iir- 111 l-.i;rliin'l) iirvinir coino i.nd l;iid tlieir per- sonal linlipat'i'es on tl e altar of tlieir rountry, wore prejiared to iindertnke the foieij^n nnd home de|iiii til ei:t < of the fMi\(M-iiiiu nt. Lord i'almerston ::hoiiM be at the IIomk Oit'h r, if not I'liiMi; .Mims'ikh. Allhoufh it is nil im- n'sli me a means of knowinir that there exists porlaiit to havn the bcnelit of his Lordship'^ in tho man tho oncrtry necessary for a tetlb r's strujrrrb}, F w.. .Ui assist nn hetll'r till ho arrived at his land : when I Khimld furnidi to iho.'O whoso (well authenticated) cirrumsdinrfii le- quired it, ne-ric\iltur:il mi])k'moiits und food, lor the months ihat intervene, till he can {,'et his first crop, (iiiit no money) all this bciii;:'- done on a f elf -siijijtm till t^ jniniijili; the land still beinnf r^tainoil in Bcciinty. 1 wool I {rradually raise a million, or two millions of pounds strr- linfT in Ijondon by fit- creation of a new di bt, railed Coi,.-!-,!/ XII, I'lNns, (.'ocured ititonlv by the Home (ioven • "f ! whole lands of the eoiij.. applied) ; with thii- i'lo UOMKS !N THK WOO! > )' r •rodi !it. b 111 by the Woore '.c money is 7 ' ..•ould jiropare •^fi rierenl trny'^ 'f (rjicricnrc in f UTJu'ti atlairs, it is self-evident, tint a man (Hpialy liini, and, if pos-ibh^ mofo (ietrnnined mi ike ii\<}il 'yiuisi', yet.nt the same time, more cool, nnd /'••■•.♦ r, l']:«f;r,AM) A I tiih iiora is if;iita;ni.v on a cornsi; of iii:((,:.m',. and with empires liko inilividiial-, t'.eir f/e:/v((rr//'f/ course is rapid — '^ fnrilis f-.v7 diycfiisu." arci'nn." To enable u-\ to (i.\ en ;l;e cure, weinust first n^'ertain lb'' causes (if lin^land's decline, nnd prominent nnionir these will ftnnd ( ut the mis- fruvrninrtit ntid want ef L''"vcrnniont of the Cidiinii'i' bv which Kerrpnid !i"s been prevented omirrrnnts ; and I v, uid li ;i a corps of t.'.\|ie- beinff bonelilted by her foreiifn posfessioiu', and riencedcolonization agents. men ofthe pr(jfes,-ion /e/s / era madr in lor' nuiny vusrs a curse to them. of farmers to be scattered throuphoiit the ("o- Then we will find, in piirsuinjr our inf|uiry, lony, to secure to the (>mi;,rrnnt disinterc-trd that the wsc/ey.'-'nrs? dd' our o'.rn creatinp) of advice, and to I'l.T wrniiN his iif.ach, am, tih: the roliiniea, wnii nviiiled of bv nn unpatriotic issTBUCTio.Ns vviHcii Till-; (JUKATFST I'ltACTK AT, (Cosmopolite) Combination of'coUon liOrds in KxPERfENCB CAN FURNISH. I could put loy Manchester, to excite the people in favor of frtwdgn trar in preforcno which our I to feed the Hull thcrefi thanactiiall rich oldiiivi continued) pnod old pi nnd thiiH ha invaded, ho RIy view ot try, was fi PTATKJIKNI OI'RMNH O the (llitfffo ll)J7, a iiu'i to every nn rial I'nrliun latiircs. / EiNCI AM) II or (lRn.\T NF "Uissrr uy n ns I am sat annatantitil arisioerifri/, toritil iiijlui cured iiiflil government pendent cxt in/,' within i and acouniu than doesll: whatever, every ad van lie olfer-, wl of democrac Anil as the ci'ntrali/,'^ ll 1 would iiial OF Till-: E.Ml' even in coin tcitk each o should not ( JilllTAIN I.N 1 which covim can create. To fliow which, it wi tiiin) of tlu the Colonist quote the i'o to the Earl i inont to the (jlitspoir, ,\ that 1 lay gi secretaries t oflhejiartii local Lpgisli. the Colony i " ni'l'ieviiij; »pven'd in by jll«l 08 tlio A Jhmoeracy le porsisting l,)i iliofco Bhowed interest to sii| end ; and beli in ("anada, coniidiTB- *fcr thnm- to llO I'lili itM ; nnd, I I Ix' ns easy nr(|iiQintcd idii. illioiit nny ui, i^i;riiK- of ({I niiiH, I with the wmk my ■It ll.Siilli- ent I'riinc in, rrspcc- rllicrn iind sont iil)!o \Ii. IliiMcr, rid uoslctii en I woiilil r, nny tniiro ic(! of nny cumbered c.ts [ircro- oois plow (Ttri'inilii'f with Lord 'in^ yoiir- ii^n, nt llie ilm in one niff and nf 0. thnl foi- (llnrcndnn !ili!ost mm tlioir ficT- ir rduntry, uicign mid nl. Lord Oriirr, if is nil im- Iiordship's (jlt'-cvidoiit, ■ iiil", mofo it tlic f;nmo , (coiiibin- witli the ',>ifcr of the i;:n,v on a [ipircd liko is rapid — 'Miiiist first ((•lino, and lit the mis- ent nf the 1 provontfid :sf^ioiif-, nnd )•£(• to than. ir inquiry, rrntinp) of unpatriotic )n iiorda in n favor of 21 riMtign trado, on wlil<^ llierftii no (^eperwlance, Ctn«dii wllltwlmt to rtia Empire, I fpal ■■ If th« in preforcnce to iho Honicnnd ('t)loiiinl TrndcB, «r«^ my nrpralhy mid- pendent, execution .it h,nh (i.\«i.mi.s and contnin- j,,,,, f,„ ,:,„„■ j^x.vllpnpvV pmi- i. vnrio.n. lkitkh* m/,' within it c,■lpabilitlc^s nl onco of pvo^'ross of iiianks from iho Gov(-rnin.>r •. npnt me I. y Lord nnd nceiimnlnU.in, to a jjrivitor ;irnrtic;il extent Mftcidtp, hnt 1 rannot liiy my lin= ds on tlirm r.r ihe than does the firiiiciplcid"iiny oliior {fovernniont nn'nu'ni, nnd Mr. lliiririnson (ilm whom no ofTicMnl 1 ws Mil iniii'ii id I C!iiii:»ilii) (•: h'll your Exi-.p1- loncy iho dpijrpo of rppdit lumohiii ■ lo my opiniont, I HJinll gpiui a copy of iliis to Enrl Grey." And on llie snlijeel ofriin vv.i ri.iAR advan- TAci: To 1 iiK K.Mriui: or Cor.oviAL as coim- rAunii TO i-oiu;itiN thadi:, I ([uolr the folli)win?',m:v ishfjiiMy invaded, he niready rcalizr.H him.-ieir a l»i, (islam sali.-fied that (se! fi-fi- from the cir- ciiinstanlidl tli.i(i:lrinil.ifrcs ofh'i' rhuirk and ariitorntry, and iihlr to rilmn tlir dixin'rrcslid whatever. I see that her .snl'j''cts iniiy enjoy pvcry advant.'iire of democracy wliich a Jlepuh- lic oiler-, while they arc ?aved the iKi/i/ni/evilrf of democracy wiiich are inhrniit in a li< public. And an the lir.-ii, or ono ot" the (ir*l step^ to d'ntralizo the proiiurtivc enerificFi of I'lijilund, 1 wouli] make t!ie Coi.o.mks i.NTKi.aAi, i'aut.s OF Tin; E.Mi'iui:. 'J'hey should have their name. puMished in \]\o Livirpool Stan 'ard, on2Alh even in eoinmon with th'^ mother country and Marrh, IRUi ; icilk each, ollin: And iiaiT.vi.N in A,Mi":aiCA, " It i.. .-pirpvidpntilmf ilip pnypr r.irrpnpy to ho should not only hojioinid V> Great l!ril;im, hut saf.- imist lio small nnd iliii-iuiitiiic in t|,i. onntry when lilUTAIN I.N ].M)| V East AM) VVkst by every tic ilip hii!U of our Irah' i< with forpij;npr.=. as ihry ih which common interest, aa well as commm {,''lory ""' '"'i^° '" erchonpr j'/.i nwnvfnc'Mrrs -.r Inhonr): for cotTimi'rciid conlidpncR (oi cndil) < vi«t» less or ninrp, jmt loi iheee is K'ss or more movr< ent or rx- [lorliiiiMii of ih(» jinrioin mptnl.'*. And if -roiish ihe iiws (f (Jiiiiiiiln uiifl thp Wpst liidip-', two 'licrprpnt slnplrs, timhir nnd Mi!.'nr, wpip luhh'd to 'Hon and (•orn, ns ihin;;-' fur whii'h gold iniMt hn i id, liiere would hi' no Hiifi'tv (f'vpn lis n niiiilrr ofs pip pxis- tpiicc) for our nvpr supply of l',n;.'lish nili/.i 'is, hiil in llicir Iransfpri in? Ihi'iiispivp? In ilip I'nilpd S'ntos, |i> f;rt 'indtT shi'hiT of ihe protection ot iho i. rnt-rican tiirilf. It is tuy ^incprn hplicf, that time !« nil thr;? is ro- qilired, to show tint Fl'.KK TRADIC 13 seiCII>K i.S THK TAUT OF Hkitish ari;/an«, und ih;it hy not nrefer- rinir n lU'idtMalp proipcliun to oiil-aiid-onl Irei Iindo, the ///;(•/«/ pirly will bccoim; very uiipopulur n lliii oiHitry. Tliprc is no mnn on either side of party politicg who undei-Jtands the pmciicil inlerpsis of the Pinpiri? can create. To fliow the dcta Is of my views (about winch, it will ho ohscrvud, there is no complira- tlon) of the means to retain the nff itions of the Colonists to their mother cdnntry? I may fjuotc the follouinjj iVom a letlrr which I wrote to the Earl of Klfriii on lihs Lord.ship's appoint- ment to the Canadian (lovcrnmcnt. It is dated (llusfi^ow. Miirch, \,.H\. It wdl be obhcrved (hat 1 lay great btreas on havinir two tinder Fccretarics for each importai:! Colony, vntivcs ofthrjiarticulir Colnui/, nnd appointed by the local Lpo-islaturo. each to be in London and in the Colony alternately :— " Ijclieviiifr, ns F lio, that Fieo Tradn viii be per- fevered in by E.iglish sintesnien for skanir's panic jiut as ihn Amiiicnns (in Ihe line sjiii il (f the J>emocraci/ vhich Enp'and lira puvHidUy adopted,) bptier than Sir Howard DoiikI is, nnd no one expres-^es persisting long; in their FinnUins ihoorn-s, llioiigh them so well. Fn his speech on the late debute, Sir iheto showed themselves wrong liv npsetiing every Howard Douglas explains the true poliry of Eng- interest to support Ahicb was their whole object and land: — cjid ; and believing, therefore, that in the muan time " The whole amount of manufactures exported to 22 Indi* Hopf not pxcwd X'8,OO0.00O; in 18'I4 £'7,- working elawes would remain qiiet and permit l(» €95,666 imluiliiigCcyl'm If w Arerptnencimrase, llintat of ilitir peruliur itUi'resi, the QiiiSTION or AS we misilit, the miiiiiBl pniduciirina of Briiish IridJH, Labor, thus to be cut. An rPHnonahly ii ight we e%- to onab|p"her the I't'tn r to fny for Brilii^h goods, pect ilic public to tolerate the rulnable leaving ol THKRK ISSCAUCKLY ANY AS9ir.NAni.K. LIMIT, TO THE INCRKASK OF THAT VAST MAKKKT l.F CONSUMI'TION, foR THK rRonucTinNs OK Kritish im)Ustiiy; the DKMXND FOR HuiTISH CoTToN 'ODS IN rARTICULAIl, if rill- |iM|jiiliiUoM I "(ill lnii Hi ilie luif ol lOs. ptr IxioJ, would iiiii'vuiii lo £:y.i OUU.t GO blerlin,;,' ; him ilie dc- iTiiinii for wo .Hern, siiks, |>i.m'r\ , i;l is;*, ]iliitfd wardS, impeiliments in the way ufnn exprei>it ruilway tiain, tu scatter certain death and dosiriiciiun all aruund. In this drcadlul condiijon they v;ill blame ond jiivstly so, iho goviinmrnt. The Govern- ii.iiiii will plciid Its good iiitt'iitions, but this will not teed ihe f|.fr in.p cmftus. atul an reply, charpo the Goverminni with at least, infiniiy of 111 tic I-* tor domebiic use, would bo j-roili- not hiivliiir (tliility to finvml, evcn if it did not giougly iiictensfd " cause their disasters. No chanfje to people in Letustako Sir llonnrd Doiisla^'s ndvicn, and these ciri.'iiiiisluncod can be fur the wi.rsc, and fndoHvor to tiv" c mpioymoit to liiiiish Hiibjpcts a RkvoLUTIO.N MAY COMB UPON EnglaM), ir in»t<>a(l of f irfi.ntr- Li't iisre-iMg iniz-^ llit'Coloninl system (whiih i» lite CHU''f • f Knc n'id's gieatiiess) on tlio priiicijile o( lo ideiaie pioicciioii. Let U9 |r»ff r to [irodu'V our cotton, sii:;ar, timbpr, &/C , from tim lalior ot HiumIi sulij-i ts, who liuvo British Imliits, and consom,) Uiliisli in ini.luciores enlirelv, rath r tiiiiii troni the dctrndi'd labor of the Amt'rii.'un sliivi' ; nnd then our dfiinnid will bo for niKmir.icluiKs Hiid not fur eoM, llu' nutioiial currency will eet out i>t' ii^ p' cient Jevcns/i ah(> txcileU atate, wbich gives nu (l'|it:r.iliiliie lo llie miinil.ii'liirer, Hiid !((?e|>!« tlitr Ub'iiiii;^ I'liisd ulwHvs vMlLin a ft-w ixetkciuf absulule want. At present it \* no maticr bow good und certain a mprcbiinl's prosj nU-i nrr of dM|io-iii:; of gooilu, he cannot buy ibeiii if tl.o lird.ish nioncij n-.rket \* lio- rang'd, or, ill oilur wor Is. if >|«Cie ^llioeroundworli on wiiich is built nil ciilidiMiCK and credit) i* being exported lo fiieign c luol ies nr b'-yo d f/c home and Coionia! /»-(7(Zc, or in oili. I wnids beyond tlie range of iicnlly I'oreinost, as iisiial, in support of the our own' CuHRK.vcy LAWS."' IMoiiarcliy, witlioiit reqiiiriiiij any desertion fi/L THPJ Tl.Ml:: n.\S COMK WHKN by ih< c joyed by his neighbor. Upi.ndiia on.und alone thcnl would insist on Ike vitut nicisfily of iminniialvbj doinff (tu-ay widi Chunk intnhlhhmvids and exclusire IJiiirirsilii's. I would let each iri- ciirnhent enjoy wli.'il he at present linti (iiiiing hii life, hii! at hi.ii caHi, 1 .-^iuijld h;ive the cler- gyman's incoiiio diverted II the piirpcbc of Common School Kdiicutioii. If any other nas .ns were wanted to show this impor"ani nfonn bein^j imjierativily culled 1 personal ihonght ami action : "Tliy .ipiiit, ln(lr[!('iii!ciire, irt iiiesbrire, l,oril of till' l.ioii lie.irt, ,imi| '".mle rye ; Thy .s|e|is I II Ibllow with my bosoiii tmre, Nor licod tlio sioriii Hint scowls along the sky." Her M.njo.sty's Sooni^h siihjocts a'e always finst in the triimipliH of ijibcrty, but yet no peo- ple piace. so int» llg- nt or just, and therefore, bo hioh a value on a CoNfiTiTurioNALLv disinter- est! » Monarchy like ours, adapted to thb spirit OF THE AOE ; ond whenever a rally for our Queen and Country is called for, themoua- tam cry will not be lUited in vain— " Claim nnn (Inidlteil'n gvnlihh a rheile" "tieii.sof lii^hl.iiidcrH, «liouKler to nhuulder and back to- l)i>rk." No [leople have hnd more, from time to time, toconipliiin of than the Scotch, but they have always declined allowing any set of men, (cinboiiied as a government,) tu force then into for, we would fi-id it m the fact tliat diurch disoyalty to their country's principles. They quarrdg dniiifihosf who lire mxitualb^ the. jieo- '"^^'c Hoinetimes convicleil the monarchy of pie's advoratis ill Ihe (juisiiuii. of p'oticlion to disloyalty Jo //ic/V principles, and have on such the JSrilitiit. iiihorvr ur iirtiznn. At (he opon ing of Parluimeiit in .lumiary, 1817, lieing tlicn in Glasgow, I publi.-hcd tbetbilowing remarks on this vital pint :— " liie disciH'^iiin of tbo gtfgt and vita) (piestlon cf labor wdl ilnm linvc no iliuur,' of fiir pliiv, and Iho greatest di» ruilway tiain, iun ull aruund. 3y will binme The Govern- liunf, but thin s, who will, in with at loast, en if it did not 'fQ to people in he wcrsc, and « Kngland, if SWUKPING IlE- MADKjVVITIIOUT kouslt with Ireland, and B NOW GLonur ARD TO A HAP- [planatione hiis be ihe charac- I0N3, on which it h'ime, an() in Iso have been iiugement, and jncc) Colonies Bw Brunswick, remain perma- siipport of the iiny desertion sive principles, land has been f violatiors of re freedom of illnrp, :lr rye ; Jill linre, along the sky." cls a,'e olwnys )ut yet no peo- li therefore, bo \LLY DISINTKR- lAPTKD TO THB 'vor a rally for I fur, the tnoun- in — >>* ilder and back to- rn time to time, , but they have y set (if men, force them into ficiples. They monarchy of d have on euch To this it is nily are now I filCt, TUB IDRA ), that it is the om and muB- t consideration ;()UNTHy EMAN- rRiNciFi«Ks or 23 FRBBDOM which hiivG bccnmc the law of nations. The reader of history finds the parlinment at Perth, which destined the Stuart family to the throne of Scotland, declaring sentiments so practically democraiic in spirit, as Ihoae afler- warda inculcated by George Huchanan, in his Lex Regijm, &tr., &,c., or more recently em- bodied in the Constitution of the United States of America. Walter, the Steward or ScoTLANn, was chosen successor to tiie throne, after the de.ith c.f the then king, and he and his sons were to be SUPPORTED O.NLV wmLE they performed the stipulat ons of LIBERTY c/ear/^ laid down />8ition of the Knglish I<^tabli6hment in her ovm country, with her best blood, and hbe has despised Irishmen fur aothiDg more than that want uf moral courage v,-hich ling tolerated that badge of bondage so long in THEHiconntry In the case of Inland, my couiitryin'n will, no doubt, be apt to err as usual on the side of doing too iiuicli, rather than too lit le, for the principles of their native country ; but they never will siiur their eyes to the danger, that they may, <' avoiding frcylla, full into'^Charyb- dis." And it will be to eery honest and true- hearted Scotchman among us, a matter of (he most anxious concern, lest in avoiding the open and menacing roeks of black Prelacy, or High Chun ii Higotry, uo should suddenly and against our inclinations and true interests, get whirled into Ihe nnynunded abyss of Revolu- tionary Republicanism that ivc see yawninc to enihraco us. I have always thought it a pity that, there could not bo raised up in Ireland a sufficient amount of moral cour.igc to make the popula- tion re|)udiate the presump:ion, insol nee, and oppression of the Church ot' England ; for without thi.-', I fear the Iri.-hman is morally incapable of the indignation which would fire a Scotchman's breast, at the idea of suffering foreigners to interfere in the assertion of his national liberties, a scntinent of my native country, whii'li Burns has onmortalizeJ. " Ue Uriions still— to r.ritain true, " Aiiian;,' oiirs(>l« uiiiti.Nl -, "For NKVER but liy Uritish haiiii», "Must British wraugs l/o ri^'i'cil." But I will never believe ihut these dastardly Irishmen speak tliesentiinenis of iheir country, who invoke roKEiGN inteiikerk.nce (Corsooth) in the asseriion of their nuiional liberties, as if any counUy ought to be free, or couul reiuin its fiecdom, which has not maiilinuss and moral courage enough lo assert it. THUOUlill UNSEEMLY DIVISIONS AMONG THEM- SELVES, THE Irish HAVE certainly appeared TO have been dead TO EVERY FEELING OF NATIONAL INI>EPi;.NUENCK ; BUT THEY WILL lUSK FROM TIIEIU LETHAhGY, LIKE A GIANT FROM HIS SLEEP, TO ALT ON TIIE WoliDS SO OFTEN QUOTED BY THE GREATEST MAN IrJiILAND EVER PRODUCED : — " Here litary tioinlsMiun, know y« not. Who woulil hv fiCf, T(ii:JHi:Lvi.a must strike tho blow," '' Si) rt'i tttinl . , iIm Ti Iom! . Wciiilil 1 cfili iil^i V on tlie Lisli Clnircli Qiieslio'i liiiiiff sperdily dmpiilchcd, or the \Vliii;s li!:uiii'rl f.ir re;iiii.inu ii w* ii source of fAST roi.iTicAI. CAPITAL, iIjmi I cflriif'stl V (b'sl re flm presiTit Minisiry to rfcure their leiiuro of < Itiprt, hy Hi. rjjlh' renJ iherrsplve* on th ques'ton cf l(d)or. snsteiid ef leanitig on thn poliiii-iil «e'iluifss of their oppont'iif,, Bii-ii'g from moit ot tile piuitctionisu buiiig Church Idiies, If I'HK Ciiuncii roiiroUAi'ioM DO not without OKI. A IT Vlhl.l) To OUR JUST ]>tMAM)S, TUli C:UOW,\ 13 LO-T.' There is nn absokile neeessitv for an immediate reconuliation among all ddSfcs of the British people lo save the monarchy. The peoplr HAVE so OfTEN FAILED IN THKIH ATTEMPT TO EXTRACT ANY THING OUT OF THE JUSTICE OF THR Church, that they ^ow expkct nothing Kit KPT FROM ITS FEARS. Kxpcriencc has satisfied the pcple, as wi II as the Church, that DO new combination (even if the people's cir^ 24 cnrastancca had not been iimdo, by Free Trade, descendants, nil however being' required to be too desperato to allow them iinio to think of combining) cnn ever grapple sucrcst'ully with such ponderous corpuriitiotia as those of the clerjryaiid tlio liuvyers in Enn;land. Even the vain attempt at present wouhl bo acconipauied by an amount of personul yacnIicG qiiilc out of the qiie^fioii to expicl, m Iho now uneasy a:id miseritblo state of iho middle and worliiu^f classes. And fkkli.ng tiik.msklvks hkli'lkss To EFFKCT IMMKOIATH KKFURM IN THl-; MA til I MI OF COVKR.V.MK.NT, TIIKV 3IAY UK SO MISGl'IDKO AS TO 1)0 WllA-r TflKY CAN liKKAK IT TO PIKCKS, a fact which should ever bo before the eyes of every government; that it muy feel its awl'ul adoptid, as practically, the average of parlia duly registered as such, a certain time before each election. 'Jth. — The chief argument for the continuance of the laws of entail and primogeniture being removed by the popularizing of the flouse of Lords, I sec no sufficient reason to retain these laws on the statute book. 10//(. — Vote bi/ Ballot and Trienniiil Par lianwnts are things to which there should be no objection. The attempt to make them con- stitutional questions is siiriply ridiculous. Per- ha;is, however, the duration of the Parliament as in ihe (Colonics (four years) had better be responsibility in tolerating asiy thing which tends directly or indirectly to the starvution of the mastes. 1 hidd these convictions altogether free from the least enmity in my mind to par- ticular tenets or churches, for my prcj.idicea would loud mo to give the public endowment to the Churches of Enghind nnd Scotland in preference to any other church that would take them. But I see that the polilieul advancement of the present day will repudiate the idea of any one i)retend!ng to the spirit (,f a n:an sub- mitting to such marked inferiority, or of more than iiAi.F the hyalty beintr e.xpecled from men'.." will be much shorter. lltli —Repeal of the Irish Union must be granted, if one elTect of the foregoing Reforms is not to bring about good government in Ire- land ; but I would withstand any presentrcpeal till 'this is proved by two or three years' trial. I am confident that through such a govern- ment in England as I have described, the Irish may procure all the benefits they desire or could possibly realize through the o.xistence of an Irisli independence, wlii'e, from what I have seeii of Ireland, I feel even more con- fident in ossertinir, that the evils from whicii him to whom you give only u\i.v the privil- the absence of a local parliament would saxr. IreUnd, would be found to bo only lcs.s than those ariiing from the present existing aiiu-jeK and misgovernrnent, just as I have expressed my conviction that under our Monarchy it is yet possible for us to enjoy all the benefits of Democracy and be saved the evils, so, Cwhilo odinitling the justice of Irish demands) I think the redress of the wrongs through the English Parliiment, if possible, would save Ireland infinite evils. 1-llh. — As a siccn heticeen the Government egos of the subject. l.\ fact I no .not rdijf.vf, IT VOSSIHLr; to sustain TtIK CHOWN OF KXI- 1.AND i;xli:pt tur i'.xch^'sivk prktk.\sio>3 of TIIK KSrABLISUI^U ClILRCHll'j ARi; TUT DOWN FOR liVKR. Itli. — No co.vsini::tATioN wotld siaki; :m:; CONSKNT TO ALTER Till: I'ROl'KKTV I'lilNCU'LK OF TIIK FRANCHISK OF VGTl.KS FuR MIOI RKRS OF Till-; llousi; OF Commons. My experience in this country {the United Slates) as well os my own ctmvictions of right nnd wrong, combine to prevent iiie being a party to sinfj'ion tho principle of men having their hand in the pub- lic ])urse, that have nothing in their own. Men of property accordirg to iny idea, should con- trol the property of the C'untry as W(llas be at the exptnso of defending it. IJiil there is a certain degree of representation which the poore^t miin is entitled lo, and to attain this I propose to furm apecjde's House as follows : !]//(. — Without degrading the Lords from bring an enudbled (•/(/.■*.■', I wu.ildform ihem into a I'DOPJ.KS llOL'Si:, ORiaKCTlVI-; UOUSI) OF LORDS, making it necesinry, before any Lord can take is seat in Parliament, that ho be elected by a particuhir fons'iluei.cy- 'I'o sncli election and the Pe-iplc of its being d stinctly under- stood that, henceforward, the great aim of tho British monarchy is to bo tho amelioration of the condition, both physical and moral, of thr> working classes, I would insist on a now^ ministerial office being created, the occupant of which would not bo ex|iected to leave office, when a change of ministry occurs, unless the change is cau~;pd by flilfeioncos on the (Question of Lnhor. 'Vluh minister .-should bo the Leader of the People's House, (my new or popularized Hoiise ofLords)undcrthe titlcof //ic Ministcrof Employment, (IFoiiic and (Jolonial) of the pro- tection and ])romotion of which ho will hav(» the rcsponsibiliiy. And he should have control I would applw/a />/7ac/;;/(' (;/'i(/i/('( /■&•(// i'i(//>7/i,'-c of the most amijio means to enable him to —firally because tlie llouso of Lords do not control the country's purse-strings, nnd seeund- /.V, beciiuse it is only out of ihe propi rlied rla.-s [liiniled, as arc the persons for whoui members oi' Churches can voto as their clergy min,] liiat a representative may be chosen. The limit of the ennobled class (who might t-it in the new House of Lords; I would extend to include command fucrcss in this vital enterprise, seeing that on it, or in other words, on tho immndiato ami proper settlement of the (Question of Labor is seen to depend tho permanency of all that, us Englishmen, we hold sacred, viz: tho happiness of the people, the crown and tho national credit, all of wiiieh interests are now threatened with paialyis (absence of all con- any descendant of any man who was a peer of fidence) even by the anticipation of the legiti- England, Ireland, or Scotland, nt the accession mate and unavoidable effects of theoretical or to the throne of tho Hanover family, and any irreciprocal Free Trade, if persisted in. I had man who has since been made a peer, or bia in view such a machinery u I would furniab by the mi letter to thi goto, Z4th J " The aggi been increas band* of th< facturer nov remained in who, in fam their circuni! intellectual ( eminence in liintrcus of /. if over pn 'J rant of the if thai Kcrc F.jpcrimcnt 1,11 over the in. those ad knoic/e(lse,7, aiiwnp the n Rathf.'i- lliii ii'ins, and to support the for llii>'e yea (ii'teeii per re t '[■ I In- third tiunise sjster rn to pusli fo ilnclion?. anr )}ic cnndilum f.iet wring di There nov t\% thfi prpst and sound pr The pffi'ct lait-^r ninrkei I'cc'l iind the Tiid chilli c'ln 'liiO, nt a timi ttKinufuciiirn !:-;iuilly fxpcr i5iit iLx? CO ■■; at bos'., liut ion. iitid if f! • lovidc porir OM'ir labor,it 'h.slregs nmo md-by bo §ri i\e)vvp|tninfi; llltlll \V(> liuvi ini.'ji ; nor V • iiiiui system Mij com f her tin .\theism, I ■ trenglhen mitt's sohei ioipetial P : -id bel'ore ■ )o only rt ■ ''milted of ' .IIS to the , I v.- prnpos 'fllmployr, " Th-it >: j) 1 cnrn''d oi ciirH su'-'p 1 r in nf. :",iri Jiiirjul fiiK '■< n".i>mpt c " ill) honor, « \>\s\T,g at w #->#.sn»^- ? required to be tain time before "the continuance logenittiro being of the House of m to retain these Triennial Par icrc should be no nako them con- idiculous. Per- ■" tlie Parliament •) had better be eragc of parlia- Union must be e?oinj;f Reforma crnmcnt in Ire- ny present repeal irce years' trial, such a govern- ciibed, the Irish they desire or the cxistpnco of , from what I even more con- ;vils from whicii ont would save I only less than existing abuses have expressed Monarchy it is the benefits of nil?, 60, Cwhiio rmnnds) I think uo'h the Knjrlish i save Ireland 'he Government Ktinctly tmder- reat aim of the amelioration of d moral, of the sist on a now the occupant of to leave office, Hirp, tmless the m the (Question (1 be tlie Leader ■ or popularized if //if Ministcrof ial) of the pro- h ho will hav'> Lihl have control enable him to ;tcr|)rise, seeing 1 the immediate cslioii of Labor ncy of all that, red, viz: the :rown and tho eresta are now nee of all con- i of the legiti- f theoretical or sted in. I had would furaisb 26 by the mnitter of employment when in my you are associated with greatnosn, and with what, letter to the Liverpool IStandard, dated Glas- «" y"' """nd at least, is goodness," gate, Z4th March, 1846, 1 said, It is only by measures of a revolutionary " The aggregate capWal! in England, 'tv »'*vi'< l;a» character (snmg- only the Crown and the been increased, but it has found its '^ray into the House of Commons unlovched) that an actual hands of the money-lenders, with whom the manu- revolution can be saved. My views of the well 17/4 ian causes eminence in commerce at so dear a prire as' the '^ ""^^ "f ""^ coinpurnUve consequence. ^'e diHtress of the wnrkinf; classes, and n cniiHiinancc must at once grapple with llie fact that the rf over prodiielion, Irt vs, by n pnriiannmfary People are ajiproaehi'ii'^ a stiitc of Starvation, tsrant of iheimhlie money ^amillhm rounds a y.ar. 77,^ i/,„, /^ y „,.uck is not against the a knoicledscvliich arcfotuilncccssary lokeepus first terial interests of anp class, hut to put vp and seevre those of oil classes, in the permanent elevation of the value of labor, thnaiirh seeur- iuff a eontinval demand for it, ly vpseltin'f \ anoiip the nations J Rather tliiin not have a ridicsl chnnffo in nur sys- t(?m8, and to enable it to be nitcinptf d siifelv, I would ; support the r.iinislor in liiyiiif^ on an ii'icome-tox • fi)r tliiee yeaii, of twenty per cent, for thi? iiist vPHr, (iltot'n per cent, fur tlie jtecornl year, and ten per cent. ; tir the third year, to enii'ole liiin to construct an itn- nu!iise system of imniigriit.ion to the cokmies. lu well na to push forward nur colonial c(jtton, and other pio- ; Hiictionc. and to amc/inrale in every possible way, ; tli.c condition of the indvs'riovs classes in the manu- j Jiieluring districts and Irehnd. There never was before so cloriousan nppnrtunily as the iireseiit for this country to rctinn to homely ■ and sound |)rinoi('les, and tnere may never be ngiin. The effi'ct of the cunstruction of railways on the ,; hh^r inarlt'el is such that (indepeudenl of Sir Robert I Peel and tlie political econ.iniisis.) evnry man, woman f iind child can set employment and high wnses, and ; that at a tirne wh'Mi there is scarcoiy one arlicle of tnanufucture fir which there is one-half the demand '!-:i)aily experienced at this season of ihoyoar. Hut lUM'onstruciion of railways, like fue'.jin trade, - -s at hes!. but n teinp"rary employirn'iit (or ajiopula- i ion. vtndW ^riat niitiomi/ r.ifsns be not now t.ikcn to I jiovide (lerinuiiiMil outlets both fir thn people and I 'heir labor.it is e:i«y to foieseetlmt wretchedness ainl I distress among oil classes t)(\\\e: coinnmniiy, will by- I and-by bo «>teuter, more sevf-re, and niorelasiinjr, (sn ■ i\evweliuine now is the iiiciease ol our populalion.) ■j ihan we have over bi'tore exiu-riencoil in the worst ;_ o'l.'S ; nor will it matter wl. ether nnmiiial/i/ the cul- :; .inial system or tho ihi'ory of liee trade is in operation." i My convictions of the diini^er to Enp:land I 'f her unprineiplcd coursn of ('(uiitnercial I Atheisiii, (as I may call ii) cuntiniuul to : .t;cng(hrn latln^r tiinn In \n- anded down In/ tune's sober seemid thoiigltt, and wiicn Iho I iiiipoiial Piirliauii nt mot in Janiiarv, lo47, I I I lid brfore every member of it my' viows of , "he only remedy winch the natiu'o of thinrrs ■'^ dniilted of. The closo nf that jiajjor nlhided I I ais to the Organization of L'rlmr, which I I I .wjjrnpo.-e to be entrusted to tho Minister I 'f Employment. :- " Thn [■. jvliey so g'->ni-ro':'j and enlarged will be 1 ear I'd out, or even nt'einpted «/ ohc^, so ns to ^ cure su--es, is n thing which I siarceiv expect, tl r in «!'■ -iriioB there wll niwnys be fomnl small tnen 'i Ji-arjul and viibelierinp," whose minds lead them mieiTipt only little matters, sticcess in which is //('.' monopoly ivhick gold now evjoys over all other properly, not ercepting the poor man's labor. And it is impos.«ible for me to take so gloomy a view of the Irish character at home, when I think of the character borne by hishmen abroad, and when 1 i-ecnil the remeiid>iance of your Lordahip's jtatirgyric of ihn character of the Irish pjople, (in your (3 real Rttilway Speech,) yiuir eiilo'ry nf iheir })atiei!ce amidst the most direful suUcrings, when your Lordyhip doelared that if you only wore allowed to till their bellies with good beef uikI mutton, and tlieir cottages witti fine wheat and sound liecr, and tlicir puckrtswith Krglisb gold, to purchase the blankets of Wiltshiie, the fiiatian.s of Man- chc'jtcr, and the cotton prints of t^torkpulng at Worthy objpc:ii in which, even in failure, that our Cunder iSir Robert Peel^ having takua 26 the suicidal course of depressing home employ- white-washed, thoy can live under the undue ment and encournging foreign, is the cause of and cruel competition nf untaxed foreign labor, that want of coiijuience which w\\[ prevent the I pray ) ou to rest sutisfied that the present poitibHitu of England ruing tuprrior to the euffbringa of this couiitiy are in no degree pretent aittrett without a most serious inter- couaed by the conduct of the Bonk of England ference wiih the currency. bit entirely by the wnnt of confidence caused by There is no doubt ll.at England is better Sir Robert Peel's Free-tiade measures, situated to carry out Pree-tradotlion any coim- This is introvertibly a bullion, and not a try in the world, and if other Cdunlnos w.mld Bank of England, panic ; iind one which will repicrocute, liie ndvantiige wonl.i be ours in convulse ths monetary affairs of the whole every case, for even tin- circtinislanccs of the empire, and not only those of Lombard-street, natives of Hindosfan wore not so di'graded as To be sure we have not ns yet got a bullion not to bo lowered by Brilish (•()m|)e:ilioi). Eng- panic in the shape of a run upon ihe bank and lishmen would therefore nil bo Free-truders us this shows the bank's innocence of the cause of mutter of iheory ; but it i-j about to be siiown tlie suction of gold, but we have a bullion panic 10 be even England's e.vporienci of/zYf imparls m the hijflior and less cqnivocal sense of a run without re<-ipriiciti/, which, in hiiter irony, is on. the count r;/ tor (r»[t], and from the enduring called Free-trade, (in me convrrtite ffrnnii .') cruise that it is the inost profitable and disposa- that it matters not whether the cause of exres- ble property foreigners eiin lake abroad. cive ini|)ori8 into Entrliind, be famine or Free- Sir Robert I'e^l's Free-trade measures will trade, the diielnl efTeits are the same, viz. — rcndera depreciation of the currency inevitable. ruin to (i!l. By them he has undermined the prosperity, and 1st. We have a rodnetion of emplnymont struck a fatal blow ut the integrity of the em- to the people of England to very nearly iliu pire. whole amount wo j.ay lor f>reion' labor. Even the A''ational Debt of England will be 2nd. A reduciion of England's ability to f"n>i(l to be only so mvch wtistepaperifwe per- manufactnro, ihrongli the siiiierstruclnreof our ''«' '"" oxir present suicidal course, for it iasecur- ciirrency bi ing brought down by the removal *"(/ only by the industry of the empire, from of gold, its bisis. u-hich we have taken a .cay the nbility toperform 3rd. We giilTer from //r' g^ftt to our rivals peculiar duties and bear peculinr burdens, by in manufactures being exactly eqiiivab'nt to the removal of ati its peculiar privileges. «iur loss, a better sti ck of the precious metals One shudders lo ihmk of the individual mis- giving an increased potrer to manufacture to ery which will be inflicted on the population foreign countries fso that in (act the less gold here, if we persist in viewing the currency and England has the better, as, all our gold gone, Free-trade as two quesiions instead of one, as the question of lab t will bo understood, even in reality they are — a fact that you well know, by the mean capacities of Whigs and I'ecl- f'oui ilie cruel experience of Canadian indus- by the mean capacities men.j To these general effects might be added ihe particular one as rcfra ids the United States, that our new huvs will turn a proportion of the cotton land into wheat and Indian corn, thus, .. - j.-.. „.,w„ .1.^- «„cii j unu by diminishing its (|iiantity. raising the price the honor to represent the melropolia in the of cotton to ttie En(:lish millowner. first Purliameni of United Canada, I particidarly dosire to gu:ird you agninht I remain, lion. (ienllemen,and Gentlemen, try, when the Lr-giBJature of the Wtate of New- York stopped specie payments in 1837. And begging you not to suppose for a mo- ment that I um k'sa tlm irreconci lea ble opponent of class interests that you knew me when I had hciiig deceived, hy tlic dvff'v.ow being written by some of the London ne\vsp;ipers, ijito the idea that Free-trade hns lit:le or nothing to do Willi our present degraded state ill this Country. You will observe I have been cautiou.s in not charging Free trade with getting us into this state, (Ihoiigii I believe tSir R. Peers UM measures have tiiucb to do with it,) and that my diarize ai^ainst Free-trade is, that under it no (iusticify or confi Icncc ixi.-ts tu gel us out of the tcrape, 1 miy, however, state my firm conviction, that the evils ari.-mg from the potato rot uio nothing compared with tin se which (in tlie absence of the potato m ) .\vould have lluv.n liom the |)ric4! of w h'.^at, being lowe.ed inei.aif, not by an mcrcnstd qiiuiilily't>>"., our own growth, but by foreign impoituUons, fur wLiv:h we had lo pay gold. your obedient humble servant, ISAAC BUCHANAN. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE ON THE CURRENCY. From the Liverpool Stant'ard, March 14, 1848. The Steamer from New York, which arriv- vcil here ou Salniday, luing.^ us the following letter, in which ih,..re are suriL'eslionH that eaiinot fiiil to bo of uso to the Parliamentary Coiomillee 011 the Currency. The letter i* iiildresyed to tho Curi(Micy Correspondent of the A'.w York Express :— hv.w York, '2:hd Feb., 18-1?*, " Sin,— As iiu old » Money'' Reformer I hare had inliiiite pleasure iu rending your masterly ■ iticies in iht.' Express, on tli<:* currency, and Our hone trade would now he going thionirh more especially Ironi .seeipir that you have the ordeal ol a general oa.'krupt.'y, unconsuled avoided the fatal error ol allowiui; Hit ytiieral even by li.e prospect tbut, after thus t'etting pnncijjle oi * Money' to be confounded will* der the undue I foreign tabor. It the present in no degree ik of England, 'ence caused by isures. •n, nnd not a ne which will of the whole imbard-street. got a bullion I he bank, and jf the cause of 3. bullion panic sense of a run I the enduring s ami disposa- ibroad. measures will icy inevitable. )rosperity, and y of the em- n gland will be tper if we per- for it is gecur- rmpire, from 'ity to perform ir burdens, by 'vUegea. KJividual mis- 'le population currency and >nd of onei as fiu well know, Indian indus- >tate of New- 1837. I'se for a mo- 'oble opponent le when I had opolis in the I Gentlemen, 'IIANAN. TTEE ON mh 14, 1848. which arriv- ihe following L'ejiiioiis that arliamenlary rho ItUler in espoiulent of Fd>., 18-18. Drmer I hare our masterly urrenoy, and at you have i lilt gtufcral ouuded wilU 27 the sobject of Banking, which Im a question lo aUempt torelain a standard of value in a rather of circumstance or locality ihauof prin ciplo. Sometimo aijo I took iho liburiy of sending you, tlirougli Mr. Hrooks, a ronj^h sketch of what I think should be done in Kii;^- land in * Money'. Permit me now lo remark that I trust that my views entirHJy ai»ie6 with yours, and thai you will persist in not enienng into the subject oi whether iho Banking in the United States is ri:j;ht or vvronj. If we cany our principle, this country will be iiili:ii;ely more prosperous inulcr the worst pystem of Banking, than it could pos-iibiy bo uniirr the best, if ihe humbug of (JoM is perp:'tuat(;(l. Gold 1 have always viewed as a cannibal tliat creates confivleiico only to (ieslroy it. The prejudice however in favor of Gold (as at ieast the lesser evil), is so iiivetciate that 1 don't think ' Monkv liKFonM' will ever be carried, exce[)t we profess our williiifrness to retain cold as the sixuiu rv ok tiii.; cukiu'.ncy, and confine our objections to its being the MEASUiiE OF VAi^uK. Ou the grounds that the change of the value of (iold rolvs the labour- ing man, thus — liie jjiodiice of a man's labour brings iu France— (In a /ortign ceinitry the pries got is not dictated by the cost of the article-.)— 105 cents, of which 100 go(?stothe industry of the United States, and 5 cents \>> the capitalist or the man of money in U.S. — but money becomes dearer through the export of Gold from U.S. — and the man of money demands a pniportiori of 10 or 15 or ~0 cents of the 105. ISow this he is enabled lo do through your having iuhpted tiie principle of 8ir Robert reel's Bill of 181!). by which a bank note is made exactly in relation to sold, as a dock wairant is to indigo — the scarcity of the article raises the value ofthe wanaiit, and the same eiihaiicemeiU oecurs to the bank note, although lo blind the people it is not allowed tO «xprcss itself directly, but only indirectly through e.iiiitalists' * money'' fetching more interests and (oinnianding more com- modities and labour wlitiu gold gets scarce ihrough exportation. " What 'money' reformers want, as I under- stand, is that the whole industry iiiid property of thiscounlry, be removed beyond tlie changes •)n gold, which are biouidit id^nul by foreign inrtueiice. We want to show ihe absiinlity, of every kind of industry and properly being [iiade unsaleable .itid worth haif nothing, (us waa lately the case in l-n^^land), because of the importation of double the (juantity of foreign labor, we can j)ay for by our home industry. It is euouuh tliat our home industry bo inlerfered with liy the competition of fo- reign labor, without having the whole currency, nnd also banking or conlidence of the country demolished, by the 7n')(i(;of ptir/iiig forihat fo- f!.;igii labour. If g;ilti mn.-il be pai ! (as d course it must for our iinportadons), let us arrange that its exportation ."hail not diminish the home trade. (Jold must be ])nt in the same cate- gory as all othi!r to//i/m)(iii/(?s,aiiil permitted to rise and fall according to the law.'i of supply Mi 4entaad. It were pre-eminently absurd country whoso imports c.veeed its exports, except such a one as wouKI repre«ent a gra- dual reduction, as the counlry'.s industry and properly would of course be more and more imp3veri>hed, the more the country outlived its iiiconie. I'lit even if there could be any doubt as to the above, it must be self evident, that gold would go to no greater piemium than the extent of the exportation of the article, or, in oilier words, the e.Meiit of Foreign Ex- changes against us; and that when the foreign ( xclianges are at par. notes a legal Ti'.iNUKn, and gold would be the same value. We cannot prevent gold appreciating. It does so now— and at present its d' ing so to that extent depre(naies all other properiy and labour — a slate of things so utterly ridiciilou.s that it will not -stand long in America. Quite in con- sistency with these opinions, I am an advo- CATK KoR Sni R. l'i;KL'sKK.sri(,T;o.\soN Bank- i.NG ; and I see that the recent Currency Committee in EnLrlaiul will come to nothing, because the qukstion raisfd will be' Sir R. I'eers restrictions on bankiiisz,' instead of the simple question of i*iii.ncii'i..s, 'tuk (■fa- r.i NCY,' or iVio.NKY, to speak mne correctly. I have long seen what you seem lo see clearly, that we may have a .notk that will not depre- ciate in reference to gold, any more than any other ])roperty. For in.staiice, you might take propi.Tty in New York to the value of a hun- dred millions, and issue bonds ttiereon to twenty millions. Those bonds would surely be as good as, or better (more sct-nblt), than any other projrerty in the city. l)ut, as I have said, the prejiidii.'e in favour of gold is so inveterate, that to gel a change commtnced from wrong lo right principles, I would consent to anan;:e the national money so as to leave the people their ooLor,?* baubi.u liil they got tireiloflhe expense of it. VViilioul interfer- ing with the piiisent legal tender, I would add thereto, say, twk.m'v .vi^LioNs ok PAPiia, thR iirv'Kipis oa Kviiii .N. Ks or thk uki'osit of (iOLi) TO that valuk, lu a new deparlment of the treasury at vVa-hinuten (or of the proposed mint at New York), allowing the Government lo increase the i,>siie of notes, lo the extent tlii;re is an export ol uold.or in other winds lo the extent the 20,000,0110 of gold ri-^es in value in ihe market, decreasiui: tUe circulation of faprh, Till: Kvn)l•^CK ofdki'osit, le ihe extent the ireld falls '\.\ vulue ; or, in ()ther words, the foreign exchanges g t righted. Thus, I feel satisfied, would riir. i.ndustuy of thr Ui\ITRD HtaTKS liK SKT FKKK FKOM FORKra.V i.vFLUK.NCH, wwA il can bi; set free no other way. This plan would not affect the foreigner, for if irold, whi(di he wanted, was high, so would be the indig) or other articles he had inSjiortud. The mere capitalist or ' »io.M;vi;o MA.x' would pay the propijr tribute lolhe indus- try of the connlry, for the divideiul.s he weuld get on his .stocks would buy le.ss labour, and thus, and thus alone, we shall be able to make it the interest of the money market to encour- age uativo and discourage foreign labour in 28 Ihe markela of the United States, because two days awp, I had only time to refer you to a the moro the latter took tlic place of tl:o comiminicalion of mine to "a Currency Re.- former, tlie more gold and all other conimodi- funnei^' in tliis country. lies would rise as compared with money— My olijoct in sending tills to you was to shevr (' money' I understand to be a leii;al tender or thut if llio Committee of the House of Com- issuE Br THK Govj:KN>iKNr ; ' eurrency,' |)ro- mons does not contino itself to the considoration perly speakinir, is bank note.", or private ot' '' the principles of monei/,'" but fiiitera into issues). I commenced to write a short note, tiic discussion of '■Hhc subject of butikiii"- " it but have been insensibly led on, and for the will prove an abortion. length of this episllc 1 iiavo to oiler many apo- The monicd a;is!rocraoy of Enfland will iogies. lluis continue to devour the substance and even "Lotmeiiicoiielusioti,reniaik, lliatofcourso subsisti'nce of tlio class w\\o labour for their on my plan there would bo no ^aui or iiitereat bread, and, so o^irravated will free trade make accruinij on the twenty milliona gold ; but the operation of this grindincr and inhuman neither would there be any loss to the public, system that arevoluliunin England will betho l]y and by the country would cerne to sea that consc(picnce. a LAKGi; GAIN TO Tin; I'lMiLic would bo made 'J'he di^trc.-'a of the working classes will by holding to the whole or part of the amount become unbearably great, and llmugh (Jovern- dividend paying securities. *' I am, sir, your obedient, humble servant, '< ISAAC liUCHAXAN." mcnt may deny that this has been caused by ihe (iovorniiiciit, it will be svlf-vvident thut Covernnient has not hud power or the will to prevent the starvation of the thousunds. To prevent a revcilution in J'lnnhnd, th..! great object of all government, the indipen- dence from starvdlioii of the workin'" classes, The following is the Pt.ax ok Cukrencv FOR England alluded to in the foregoing letter: — " I would permit the Bank of England to must nut only be seen to bo the tirsrebje't of issue /oi(u7f(';i «u7/ion,s, the amount the public the existing Government, but that oiiJi;cr owe the Bank. Tiiuse noles will be j)ayable ill gold, silver, or in a new class ok notks, rilK MKIIK K\ IDENCKJ OK TJIE J>EI'()S1T IN THE Jink's vaclts ok (;oLn oii silvkh, to the MUST 1!R ATTAfNEI) WITUOl-f UKLAY. For my own piutllirmly believe, and have no iiesitation in saying, Ih it gold in Enulamj not liKi.NG ALLowEUTo RISK IN PRICE, and being by AMOL'NT (at the market-price of gold and law made necessary to lier mercantile system *^'^1';,'** of confidence or hanking, has already directly '• Ifien I would compel the Bank never to caused the death (f ;housandsin IVIanchester hold less than ten millions of specie, to ih(3 and the other manufacturing districts, and mu^i wiiole amount, or any pait of which, the J. fccfsu/iVy be the cause of tens of thousands of Jiank would have the ])ower of issuing no/e.?, deaths arid of incalcuablo misery among tho Kkwh would be a Ugidltndcr because an evidence working classes o-cnerallv. ^fdqmit. ^ To force hack gold inlu*England the price of " Ihe Baniv might increase these le^al-ten- labour and all other property has to be crushed der notes to the e.aent it possessed specie."' down to starvation or beymid starvation liii.;t, , .,.. „ ,, „ ,■ , In this way t!ic exchunifes lire fot n(.7fi(/i////u ►rqiient ri-iii f In uiir Iidiiiu iriidB to iiif i.v.nt u,e r.ir.ii;ii '"fncd lu lavoiir ot hnglauij ; bllt let US look i-i«.»ii-c, jjeuii'iiiiia us, us luuiciiiiu by iiHincruabta i»iice at the diretul ellcol of ih;s on the industry of ^-^ ..„-^^._. Eniiland. WE MUST RECUR TO Mil. PITT'S PRKNCIPLESOEMO.NKV, UR iSTAll- VATION MIST EN^UE. t»Us I.uniiua linnlrn' Crcvlar of Muich 11, ISJISJ W'o now give a lef.er IVciu Mr. Isaac Buchanan, a meicliant of Glasgow, Ti, route, Montreal, and Xcv Wnk, dated at iho hibl city 01) tiie -iath of February. ^V'i,•l^uvc^ may no ih.jught i>f liiJ reuieilies, the writer of this letter 'J'he export of gold fVoin En;jland, by remov- ing the base of the inverlci pyrnmid," brought the whole confidence or hariking (the mean.* of munutacturing and shipping manufactures; into the dust. 'i'lie failure of English merchnnts de>troved English credit all over Iho world, and this give.-. t!ie ujipearaiiCe of the balanee of trnde beinsf mors and more in favour (;f England, beeauso few bill-drawers being undoubted, the parties owing money in England, iiref'r going to ttus understands the evils of our curreney sv.teoV ""i\' ^•^"["■-'v'^ in<>Mo .;f remittane-, gold. and its malignant opera; ion and consecpiences *^"^"' '' ^'"''' '''"' '"'"''" '" J^";;!'^"'' tf"^'o thoroughly, ll.s letli'r, written ai New 'fork, three weeks before he e ji.id k:, w uny.hinfr of the sudden and unexpetlel rcvololio," in Fiance, is abiuiuieiy pio| l,ft,f', ;ind it onirhi to operate as an awful warning lo thoio moat obttinaie and siupid of all lanuKcj— ilie lacu f the iion law of lo tl: — i\i;w York, iZih Fibruanj, laJJJ. DttAO, h'ui,— By llio stcauicr UiUruin, sailed Would have been little or no export of the urii- cle from fiom England and none from Ainorico. To t!io extent gold rose in England would bilh 'f ixiJtaii(' the tuli- oin Americo. igliiml would iwivu dc^r>.'- iportiTd licia e got mom y 1, iiporter could woui.l have a»adtlU»oiiui price for his piirchaaeg in England ; for if lie did not pay r/»i txlra price, he would to tiie extent he got hia moufy remitted at a lowtr r/ite of exchange have Jiad an advantage over the American manufadnrer, while the irreatir tke discount Lills on England got dotvn to in tho New York market, the greater iidvantogc the English agric iilturibt would have had over Ihu American who it grower. At probont Ike arlijiciul s}jiftnns of England c.uise the noiiiinal rate ot' cxchango to do 10 ptr Cfiit. pniuiiini for bill:^ on l^ond'ii, when, if things were loft to regulate tliumsclvc.-^, the rate would naturally be i^robubly U) per cent, disrount. The crushing cfToct of this on the labourincr men in England i^', tiiul it eiiiild' .s i!io English buyer of Amoricaii vvheiit to give riy per cent, more to the Amoriciin grower, ,ind that it givej a iO per cent, advantage to American inunuiaij- lures sold in New York over lJriti;ih, whicli latter could be sold 20 per cent, lowrr, uiilesd (as would be Ih'^ case) t!io price of labour ri,f the la'emal Trade, is dcmaiidi'd by the rireumxtiinci's and pijsilion i4' iho Canadac? |'cr- hnps more urgently t!ia,i) by tho^e of any other country, except lieliuid. And that such is the catif, issi li-e\iuent iVi-ui (he ju-oscnt eypeiicnco 1 r tlie Colony. Already havo the pe'^[,le of Canada bctu stopped on the threshold of their laicer of Railway enler|)rite, by the blasting f_fe:.ls on the Currenoj of tho recent nieasiircs of iho ImpLiial rarliaiUf :3t, while the gentral prospcniy of ll-.e Colony is last bci.ig [.aralvsed by icur oi adiau; oi'l^pccic to lliu Lulled Kiiiitis M payment fir (Jo ds which Ihe Canadians r.i.c,vc under Eroo 'I'radc, iis ihe irrci ipiocal B\?ti;m of y.r iioijcrt iVel is leiimd in hiUt r Jiony. J have uodoubl that a long l.tld view at itniiU' wiilcoioe to be icen to bccuricct, that Customs and Currency are one question, or dt all events, that in tho consideration of practicil men, they cannot bo separated : i. e. with a lixed metal standard of value we can only protect the currency [tho life's blood of tho Trade] through Custom House protection, or through keeping our Exports above our Imports. Yours faithfully, ISAAC BUCHANAN. JOTTl.NGa 0\ Tfli: SlJIfJIX-rOFTIll^CURIUONCY. Nkw Yoik, \{)lh March, 1818. You are aware that I hold iho view that the British I'arliament should adhere to the jj/-m- ciple of Bank Restrii tion, as embodied in iSir Ilobert Peel's Bill of la M, although I see it vi'ul to the Industry of the Count n/, that tSir U. I'ci I's Bill of laii) should be so far repealed as to make the J]ank notes and other evidences of debt to bo payable in Gold only at the Mar- ket price. I do not mean to say that lhe«moim, (and well put in the last number of tlu: iVc.tni aster Review) ofO.dd becoming so ahundiint, as t.o greatly to fall in exchangeable value as to cause the ruin of the Holders of tho I'uld.c Securities and all other annuitants. It would ah.'o do away with the command over England's prosperity and fiijancial safety, at pre;erit poifcCKscd by the great foreign holders of l!riti,-h Funds. But )ny present object is prarticallii to grap- ple with the vital Enquiry : Hhy things are alieays so ui,easy in the United >7a/t'» as well as ill E':g!and / America's great and uiiex- lau-icd naiiunal resources, and her Peoplt's entire confidence in these, ought t.) havo ex- empt e J her Iroin tho catalogue of Countries ditreaiicd in Money matters, but it is not so y 30 •^-andmyinvcstifrntionintnpf) frcminofly con- throat of his best nisfotner, the Home and tradictory aMatoof ihinjrs, hosronvJnLcd mc, Colonial trade, (which is baatd on a^ricul- tliHt Ami.Ticj owes this to her fDllo'.Mn^ ollior lure.) " nationainassiirninjrCul.l, notonlvnH a ^ccn- Now if the Amcricnn had no fear of the nty fur the circulation, hiw aa ^Jired standard pxport ofT.nld, tho Imporler woird have the oj ,alm. rurm/rt/m/s remove;! from I ho category of I have no [nnrrcr any doubt, that fhnso Jluc- hi. dillicultioH, he could afford to nivc a greater lu^ituins ickich il'fmt eirn luuitenl nilailalKtnf, prire in Manchpstcr ulien Ecclianeea beim oretohcattnlmted tofrol.l not boiii;: allowed a^.n-nft Ennland, civsi-d tk^ price of Gold tnri.-cand tu'l as a ronwi'idil;/. \V.! brin^r there to rise, fas he would "et bis Hill of Ex- Uoods here, ao New York) we so!! them and cbafirro ..n LdimIo,. at a proportionate discount,) liok around tor a rcliiru or romiit uu:.;. We and thus tho substitution of pai er an a loi'iil tind every arfie o Uut would nn-w.T our homo tender in Eiii^laud, i.s vital to ibe Manchester ninrkt'tH, intl.t' I i„ I ' ,' It IS equally nt vImI uinortaiu'e, that mnrr Mill Inrive us no I0.SS in our own nnrk"t. Wo 1,0 a,,hot,t,iin,i f , „ 11 ■ j • u.l 'l . I .1 Ml- 1 , ■ I "f sut)stituiou tor ffiil. //( »'//rtr/vc I P. S. ISAAC BUCHANAN, Forme, ; President of the Boards of Trnile of Torinilo and HainiUon, C'. //'., and Member for Toronto in the first Vurliaineiil of United Canada. liet me,' to prevent misconception, sliorlly recapitulate I ho views I fonnerly ex- words, we have to ^acntico the piospi nty of the American WoikinL' (."la ,i5n I in; ,-\iiii: m:.iii lor fi'old is jCi'l 17s. lOh I. pa i/i'ii^ vroportionabtv gold, atafixolprire, what' verlhe c/rc//ms'//ntYs less gold irhen llie price of irold rises, andpro- in America, and the result is that tho export of portionaldy more tchen Ike price of frold ftlls, irold extirpalos confiiie.nce anil tne ciirrenc}/, the amount of these paper evidences of the and no soles of Kn;ilNli jroo Is can be inaile, depnsilc of ^old, bein8 trlent frnlds falls in p- ice.") of American holders (d' Cotton in F/rverpiiol, nd. I think that fa F.mxland no rhanje is through tho late export of gold fr. m Hug- o/»so/i/<-»/i/ necessary, except to comnel the Hank '^|L,'-) of Knjrlalid to hold never less than Terr Millions The Free Tradcrsdon't sc^m to see, that one of nr obi, to which amount, or as much more na man imports L'oods into the (Jnite.l iStatPs, ami she holds 111 po'd and t-ilvor, she would be en- anolher man exports proilure from i^e United tilled to issue paper, which I would by l^nw States,— -80 that the coiisiirnnr in M inchestcr make a leg :l tender, r-deiMiiald" not ns at pre- sets nofidvan aire, incase his jroods arc Mdd at sen", nt an ounce of pold for jilfj \'!<. lOJI. but at SO per cent, loss, from the consuleration that the quantity of ^nld indicated by its market the same caiisp reduced American Wheat, jm- price as above. 'J'o fix the p ice at wliich Gold ported by the Liv rpool Merchant 30 per cent, could he demanded, Parlminent. might appoint also. The latter 18 indeed an evil t. the Knjf- Five London Merchants, superior to alt Go- lish naaiiufacturer, because it teodj to cut the vornioent ood Unak. iafluciice, a» Commifc- ?rjnire to pay ten per you must jpt 10 per ceut. more tor your trooi.'s — granted — bit the Importer without req liring to pay more for his gold, gets the 10 per cent. (or whatever is the rise,) advance on Ida foreien artcle, as no dtsti iction en he made between native and foreign proilint-or between goods payable (as the J\'.ilive Trade if) in frtinmodities equally infli'cd, and fro. ds pava- bl' (as the Fureij^n Trade is) in troldniikno infation. The Free Traders forjjet that the price of pouds is fired by the circuimtance? if this mar- ket, and not by theco-t of the iro..(!sin I'inglaed. They are so blind !is to ask the Ame ic^n f )r I 31 I he ITome and t(l ou o^jricul- no fear of the ivou'cJ have the 1)0 catefjory of fjivc II greater cclidiigea brin^ price of Gold li.t Bill of Ex- inatu discount^ er lis a loynl le Manchester ss (li'jrrce, the Liiienca. ce, that piprr ca, whether the tiiral or Manu- ICMANAN, ''ihc Boards of will Hitmiltun, r for Toronto >ienl of United misconception, foniipily px- e in monetary •est advantiige ing to dfjined cy discussions, od by Govern- ineitil, if mad*.' \ri} iiii;ana the which we arc iMce of a debt Currency, but i only Aloney irs, the pap^r in amount (if certain price, ould liavo the cndcr fo bear 'zlo'id in lien golif and will I the price of iroportionahly rises, and pro- of s^old fills, • liners of Ike 'y increased a* :reased to tha no rhnnje is inru'llhf Hank 1 Terr Millions inch more na would be en- i^ouid by Lnw not ns at pro- ■>. injl. but nt h]f it It mark el III which Gold might appoint ir to nil Go- bs Comniife- •ionert, who would daily piibli«h tht market price of Gold in the tendon, Gnzette, and in all tht! Urge townnof the Uiiiicd Kmgdum. ic. a CRUEL EFFECTS OP THE FIXED STAND AFll) ON THE BANKS, AND THROUGH THKM ON TIIK PUBLIC, ESPECIALLY ON THE PRODUCER : Ikinfc 'I JVote written htf Mr. Isaac Buchanan, to the principal Financierg of the United Statea an(t Canada, in aewung them hia " Jotlinga on the Currency," Post's Buildinos, N. Y., March, 1U48. Mr. Inaac Buchiinan picsents his compliments to ami Hikes ilie liberty to bring before him some views on the subject of gold and other specie. These were wrilten with no further object, than to send to un influenliiil member of the English Commi'lee of Parliauient on ilie cur- rency, but were at'lerwords prmted to put in the hands ((ler Brihinnia) ol'ull the members of thatcommiliee, iindof miiny bankers and others) who are to c<-nie before it. Mr. Buchunon is confident that the internal trade of no country, (whose exports do not vastly exceed iis imports) can be secure from periodical distrust and perpelval uncertainty, except by gold being olluwid (in relerence lo bank notes) to fluiiunte in price, according lo the law of supply arid demand, like every other commodity. At present the price* of t^pecie at which the bank may be culied on to redeem their issues, ia fixed by law ; but no law can fix 'he vutue* of specie, so that specie, when scarce, (or in de- mand for export,) actually becomes eniiaiiced, es opposed to ll;e pr.ces of all other things, except bank notes — and the bat ks cannot iasue to a profit. The banks, therefore, cease to issue their usual amouniH, and //((' Utile ihcy do i^sue i^ charjjed an enhamed inlertat, to keep down iho demand for discounts. Now, Mr. Buchanan thinks that if specie were permilled lo rite as he proposes, (a lixcd "r certain weiglit of <:n!d being the l-'fjal tender when the prict' (jf gold is at a certain price,) this would save the count r\'s iniernallraile and nionetary system from the cruel and blasting influence on ihes , and on all proocrty, of a de- mand Kfiecie to i-hip, whether created by the prcceedH of foniirn gooiis stild in New York, or by the selling out of the public stocks by foreif.'ners. Thi.- coiiritiy would, by this plan, also get all the advinta/jo oi puper iiumey, witiiout ihe olijtctuinabic accoiupiniiimcnt ol a bank, as the (iov( rniiicnt of the United Slates would, no doubf,keepin lutirown bands the preroijaiive ot coining (loper money. A department of liie proposed mint at Nfw Ymk might ifisue ihe paper evidences of deposit oi specie which * Wi- inuat diitiidguith buiween/irtee and value, in ft lure. are t« be • and silver. The said legal tender equally with gold pnper money, Mr. Buchanan—it will be observed— pn.posPB to secure bjr the full (though fliiciuaiing) value of specie in the market. VIEWS OF Til PI AMKRICANS ON THE yUUJKCT OF IRRECIPROCAL FREE TRADE. The following extract?, from an article on the I'rolective Syilem, in Itunt^s JVew York Merchnnra Ma^p"rouy. R'll l"t the |le;ip- inp but. delusive doctrines of Froe Trade obtnin in our land — let tiuit policy under which we have crown up and prospered be alfindoiied, iind let U3 open our jiorts io the fi-bncH of those nations whose hardy hibonrrrs can ohtiiin but a shillinjT a-day, and board thcnisclve:^, smd it requires no spirit, of prophecy to predict the enibarrnesmont tinridislrcKs whnh would cn>tie. When o'lr niivi;.'ators ore drivpu from the ocean, and our nianifucturerr< and nuciinnics from liieir nulls and their workshops, and all are corupelled to cultivate tho s'li!, the beaulina of p'rec 'J'rade would l)e realized. We itiirrht have agfriculturnl products--, but wo should h'lve no market. HKlXi; DHl'HNDKNT IM'ON OTHHU NATiON>! FOIl MANV OF Till: COMFORTS OF LIFF,. AND AT TI.'F, SAMFTIMi:i)t;i'f^,IVi:iM>F a MARKF.T FOllOUK IRODCCF, WF .SlIOlI.I) I5F €OMl'FI.LFI) TO TOil, FOR A MI'HH IMTTANCF, ANDSIiOtJIJ). LIKF 'J'A\- TALUS IN THEFAUf.F. FFIUhli !\ TI!K MIDST OF ACRICUl.TFilAL 1M.!:N'J'\ . ' M.'ANADIAN FARMERS LISTEN to this.) "Our manufiicturers, thf'rnlbre, must aban- don their business nltojjffhi'r, or the price of I ibour must come dov.n to tlie European stnnd- ard. Is this desiraWo ' Do llie Free Trade men wish to nee the hardy labourers of this country reduced to tho necessity of to lii.fr fnurtcn or Hi.v'.een hours adL>y, fo-- the nsitry f-um of Ifi., exchipive •■i' iir;ird ? Thi^i is the Kuropciin rale of waj^C;', ;i.- ;:j)pear.s from r. Re- port made to the English Parliament. ;n ];; i). We will j^ive a brief BtatPmont of the price of wnpca, 8ri fialherfd from Ihnt Report : — " .Ivrra^e Price?, per wcel of the. If.nid- loom fleavers ir. I'^iiropr, inrluilinir Hie ftrn- rrrg of Silk, Ciilto'i, Limn, and }t ovUvn, m (ill their varieties, erclufive of hnnril — Great Britain K« Od per week. France 7 " Switzerland, 5 7 «' Belgium • • 6 per week Austria .1 O " Saxony t 1 «' These aro the nvcrago prices jjiven for adult male labourers, female labour being irom flO to iio prr cent. lr»«. Here is a picture of for- ei^'ii labourin 1!!40. But, low as these prices ii;e, it npi'oiir* by a Report to I'arliament, in l;iH, that tiio pru s had fjilleu al least 10 or I'.' per cent, from tho preceding); year. We a«k, afjiiin, whellier the friends ot Free Trade. wlio profess to be the iViendH of the people, uro desiroiH of seeirijr the \'r\.'.i\ independent lahour- eisol' thiseouniry brou^jlji down to the Euro- j^cjin Ktnndard — to Iho miserable pittance of eicht or ten peni-o u day ? A trreiitcr ovil (ould not bo intl'-ted on our ritii'.ens — a more withcrin;:ral(niiity could not befal our country. I'lio wcfitli of n nriiion consists priiicijially m thi! luhour of its rHi/.en.s ; and. an a jfcnoral th.rip.tlMTeean be til surertest of n-itional pros- perity, than the [)r:ce 'latlahnur will command." ' A;'.t)Vi: AM. WE AREIN FAVOUJIOP THE IMIOTECTIVK SWSrEM, RECAU^B IT I'ROMori;.^ 'J'KE INTEREST OP Tl!EI.\no('Ri:RS OF THE OOlTK'i'Ry. 'JiiiS, AFTER AEE. IS 'J'llE INTERrlST WlilCM REQUIRES MOST FROTtJC TlON. The rich ui-ncai: .ily ujionhis money for his support. If the titues'nre hard, hii, mo- nnj hecmitef m'>rcv