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I
M
The Seigniorial Manor of the First Seigneur of Beauport, 1634.
^ (To Ihf: Editor of thf Morning Chronir/f.)
Dear Sir,— I have ploasiiro in laying, with your permisHion, before the
members of the Literary and Histoririil Soeiety, through your coliimnB, the
eiicloKed rommunication received this day, with tlie plate and inscription to
which It relates, from tlie widow of the lute Col. B. C. A. Gugy, of Darnoc
Beauport. It sets forth the recovery, from tlio ruins of tlie Beauport Manor
House, of a lead jjlate, affording a written record of tiio laying of the founda-
tion stone, on the 25th July, 1634, of the historical homestead of the fighting
Mijiie,,ir.^ of Beauport,— the Qifart, the Juchereau and the Duchesnay. The
Mr^imil'' and description of the inscription, on comparing with the lead plate
Itself, forwarded for examination by Mrs. Gugy, are ko accurate, that
the;- leave little for me to say. Nay, I should be inclined to detect here the
hand of an antiquarian, had I not strong suspicions that Mrs. Gugy's amanu-
ensis in this cast-, is her clever daughter, Miss Gugy.
The fflttssiveold pile alleged to have been the headquarters of the Marquis
of Montcalm, during the siege of Quebec, in 1759, and in which many
get erations of Diichesnays and some of Col. Gugy's children were bom
became the prey of flames in 1879, 'tis said, by the act of a vaiKhi,~an incen-
' diury ; thus uerished the most ancient stronghold of the proiul uudal Lairds of
Beauport— the stone manor of Surgeon Itohirt Gifart— the pu.V retreat against
the IroqiMiis of the warl ike Juchereau Duchesnays, one of whose ancestors in
lfi45, had married Marie Gifart, or Gillaid, a daugiiter of the bellicose Escula-
pius from Perche, France.—Surgeon Kobert Gifart. Grim and defiant the
antique manor, with its liigh-peaked gables, stood in front of the dwelling Col
Gugy had erected, at Darnoc, in 1865 : .i rather intercepted the view to
be had from this spot of Quebec. One of the memorable landmarks of the
past. It has furnisiied a subject for tlie pencil of Col. Benson J. Lossing, author
of the " American Kevolution." and " Life of Washington," who, during his
visit to Quebec, in July, 1858, sketched it v'th others, for //onwr'^ Magazine,
where itappeared, over the heading " Montcalm't, Headquarters, Beauport" in
the Januiu-y number, 1859, page lnO.
Whilst the deciphering of some of the letters I. H. S.— M. I. A. at the topof
the inscription are likely to exercise the ingeuuitv of our Oldbucks and Monk-
tiarns, to whose intelligent care 1 shall lei»ve them, the plate itself and its
inscription will furnish to the student of history an indefeasible proof of the
exact spot, and of the date, wh(;n and where otooii the oldest of our seigniorial
manors.—that of Robert Gifart, on the margin of the ruisseau de Vows, at
Beauport, in 1634. '
J. M. LbMoinb,
y. . ,r. , , . President.
Ltlcrarii and Historicnl Society 8 Roorwt, 5th April, 18SI.
N.B.— Mrs. Gugy has kindly consented to leave on our table, during th«
week, for the inspection of the curious, this suggestive old plate.
\
)
J. M. LeMoine, Esquire, President Ulerarii and Historical Society, Quebec :
Beauport, 26th March, 1881.
The tablet found in the Manor House of Beiuport by some workmen lait
•ummer, and only recently restored to the proprietors, is a circular plats of lead
or pewter much injured by the fire which consumed the building
:)•■■( :
* »iw< jl r wiii>ii >. "."i
m
— 2 —
i4 . *^T« * ,*° **>e nnwillingneBBof the men concerned to give any inforraaUon.
it Is difficult to learn much about whereabouU in the building it was found
nor whrt other articles may have accompaniort it, but aa fcr as can be ascer-'
tained, this oval plate (about J of an inch in thickness) was rolled up and
contained h few coins and some document ; thw first cannot bo' traced and are
•pok,!n of as " quelques sous ;" the latter, they say, crumbled into dust at once.
The inscription as well a." can be deciphered, is as follows :—
I.H.S. M.I.A.
LAN 1634 LE
NTE
25 IVILET.IE.ETEPLA
PREMIERE P.C.GIFART
SEIGNEVR.DE.CE.LIEV
This is rudely but deeply cut into the plate, and underneath may be seen in
patches traces of a fainter etching, part of which may bo a coat of arms but
this is uncertam ; underneath can lie seen a heart reverml, with flames spring-
ing from it upwards. All these are enclosed in a larger heart, point downwards
The enclosed rough simile may give an idea of the lettering at the top of
the circle, the plate itself being about nine inches in diameter.
(With Mrs. Gugy's compliments.)
|\c-Qoc, 26th March, 1881.
s <
i
THE BEAVPORT MANOR IK8CRIPTI0N.
(To the Editor of the Morning Chronicle.)
Whilst regretting the loss of the coins and dry-asdust document accom-
panying the inscription of the Beauport Manor, on account of the light it
might have thrown on this remote incident of Canadian history, let us examine
the case as it stands.
This rude inscription of 25th July, 1634, gives priority as to f'ate to the
Beauport Manor over any ancient structure extant in Canada this dny. The
erection of the Manor would seem to have preceded by three years tlie foumla-
tion of the Jesuits' Sillery residence, now owned by Messrs. Dobell and
Beckett, which dates of July, 1637. Who prepared the inscription? Who
engraved the letters 7 Who cut on the lead the figure of the " flaming heart ?'
The stars ? Are they heraldic ? What did they typify ? Did the plate come out,
ready prepared from France? Had the Acadimie de.i Inscriptions, etc., or any
other acad^ie, any hand in the business ? No, for obvious reasons.
The lead-plate was imbedded in solid masonry. It is too rude to be the
work of an engraver. Could it have been designed by Surgeon Gifart, the
Laird of Beauport, and cut on the lead-plate by the scribe and savant of the
settlement, Jean Guion (Dion?) whose penmanship in the wording of two
marriage contracte, dating from 1636, has been brought to light by an inde-
fktiyable searcher of the past— the Abbe Ferlami ? probably.
.-U.
■mmMmiltm
-m^.
1
— 8 —
But If the lettered Beanport stone mason, who never l><>came a Hugh
Miller, whaterer were bis abilities, did utilize his talents in 1634 to produce a
durable record, in order to perpetuate the date of foundation of tliis manor, he
■nbaequently got at loftgerheads with his wortiiy stignior, probaiilv owing to the
litigious tastes which his native Perche had iuMtiill. d in liim. Pcrchc, we all
know, is not very distant from Norman.I/, ♦!„. iiot-b. d of fudx and litigation,
and might have caught the infection from tin, n. iglilM.rliood.
Governor Montmagny, in the H\mw of eij:lit short viars, hiwl been called on
to adjudicate on six contioversius wliich had aiiHeii 'hitw.en Oifart and his
vassals, touching boundaries and seignioriiil riulits, tiion»{h the l.arned liiMtorian
Ferland, has fiilcd to particularize, whi^ther uniKM^: those contiovcried rights,
was included tlie /)ro«M(; (;/ia;)nn4 and l)n,H ilr Sfhnnnr ; could the latter
unchaste, but cherished right of some Scotch iin.l Orrnian feudal lords, by a
misapprehension of our law, in the dark days of the eolonv, have been claimed
by such an exacting seignior as M. de Gifart 7 One hoi-es' not.
Be that Hs it may, the stone mason anci xniruii Jean Onion had refused to
do feudal hoir-age to " Monsieur de Beauport,' and on the 3()th July, 1640, six
years after the date of tlie inscription, under sentence rendered by Governor do
Montmagny, he was made to do so
Francis Parkman, on the authority of the historian Ferland, will tell us
how Jean Union, vassal of Oifart, Seignior of Beunpoit, on tiiat memorable
30th July, 1640, performed the stately ceremony of t\,i ci iiommmii-, at this very
manor to which the inscrii)tion refers :
"In the presence of a notary. Onion presented himself at the principal door
of the Manor House of Beauport. Having knocki'd, ont! Boull -, farmer of
Gifart, opened the door, and in reply to Onion's qnestion if thi^ seignior was at
home, replied that he was not, but that In, nonlle, was empowered to r.ceive
acknowledgments of faiih and homage from the vassals in liis name. "After
the which reply" proceeds the act, '• the said Onion, being at the principal
door, placed himself on his knees on the ground, witli head Imre, and without
sword or spurs, and said three times these wonts : '• Monsieur de Deauport,
" Monsieur de Beauport, Monsieur de Beauport. I luin^ vou tint faith and homage
" which I am Iwund to bring you on account of my tief L)u Biiisso'i, which 1 hold
" as a man of faith of yoin- Seigniory of Ikanpoi t, def hiring that I oft'er to pay
" my seigniorial and feudal dues in tliis season, ami diiiumding of vou to accept
" me in faith and homage as aforesuid." (Ol.l /.•.■./hii, . p. l!46-7.) "
Who will decipher the I H S.— M. I. A. letters at the toj. of thejjlate? Is
there no descendant <if tlie haughty Seignior of niaiijiort. Ui.l>. Gifart, to give
us his biography, and tell of Ids sporting days ; of tlie black and grey ducks,
brant, widgeon, teal, snipe, and curlew, etc., whieh iiife-ted tlie marshy Ixml's
of the stream on thi: /{„;ssfiui ,f ■ lOnrs, on wliieh lie had located, tirst his
shooting l)ox, and afterwards his little fort or block-lumse, against Iroquois
aggression ? In Gifart was a keen sportsman, tr.idition re|;eats. Did the
lo<;ality get the name of ('tinin-ilif'ri' on account of the ( 'aiiiiri/.-i, the ducks he
bad tagged in his time ? Who will enligliten us on all these points?
Quebec, 8th April, 18H1.
Enquirbr.
Qu.ttv— Won d I. H. S. stand for ./.'.si/.* //, laUium S'llmtnr f and M. I. A.
for Maria-Josfpfias-AuiMl—iiw Holy Family — asks Dr. W. Marsden.
I ' . 11 ) 1 l [i » W WijWP#w
— 4 —
COUNT D'ORHONKENH' LETTER.
A m<m»i«ur /. AT. LeMoint, pritidrnt dr la Sffiilf LUtfvairr rt. Hi$toH'iue dr QiMea,
ae.,,etf., rtr,
Chur MOSSIKIJR.-Votre lettro du tcravril. piil.li^'o .liin» le .Hornimi fhronifh, en
.roODknt, autourdu premier Munoir .Min.dien, doH Rnin-l^ noin» eunadienn. d«» ni.ti
SutorlqaeB «t de. tr«dili..i.». «embl« vouloir n-.u- fniro rcKr«tl.r en«..re plun la perte
d'un raouumont doot il ne resto |.I.>k -ni'.ino |.l.i.|.io do plonil. «rBv6o nanH art, av-c
nne inscription .»n» ..rlliograplio. .le Mm iillr. oon.nie l.ien d autre., vo.roe morceau
d« plomb, qui oonlieut. autant (,uo riiupriiiierio pout le reprfsenter, I loscr.pti.m
•uivanta :
I.H.S. MIA.
LAN Irt^t LB
NTH
2:. IVILET-IE-ETE-l'LA
PREMIEKK - 1' - C - (IIFART
SBiaNEVR-DECK-IilEV
L» nremiftr. ligne a 616, «an»doiito, sruv-.e i.vpc une poii.to, Pitici-ion pliic ind.'ciso
•it ftas»i moius profonde, do indm« .lue les li-tt.u.-. ntk „j...u.o. a..-do..siiH d« PLA.
ponr faire le mot plant-, (jue I'u.t du gravour uu la largour du o.seau 11 avait paa
iU oontenir danH la troiKiouio ligno. . , , •
Leg Icttreg den troig dorniCren li^noi. out cto c.ui .•«). uvec un c.seou do un demi-
Doace do large, I'inoigion est nett., et l.ion .luHsineo ; on v.-il one-ore lo? h«..o.s qui ont
?t6 irao.^eg dang touto la largour de la plaiiuo, au nioyon d iii.o pu.nte, pour gnider lo
*"D*ng leoenlrede la plaque, on diHtingneavecpeino un .Vuc-'on pnrtnnt un CBur
nDTerg6 et flammfi; au centre d« I oou. trois iHoilbx. Impose i.e do diro m olles sont
pog<eg en face ou gur un champ quoloonnue. I.e tout a drt Otro sunnoot*' d un
Wme. car on volt encore do cliaquo cot,, do r.'cu ,h... li.'nc. courbos u.ultiplog. qui
doiventn^ceggairemoDt representor les lambrequins; sur lo c-irc^ gaucho, un bout do
banderolle, maig I'artwte a da abandonnor sa promiero idee, car le liaut de la biuUc-
rolle ge perd dans log ligneg du lambrequin. .
J'al iu dang la lettro qui accompagnait I'onvoi do madan.fi (Ju-y, que lea ouvnerg,
nui araient travailld aux ruinoa, di.saient avoir trouv,'. la ph.que do plomb, roultf
aveo cortains documents qui soraient tombes en ponsM^To au umelier. La clioso mo
nariit iraposgiblo. Lo dossoug do la plaque indiquo qu'ello a (^t- yo«<-o a plat sur
an lit do mortier ; et la partio grav^o, du moins cello oil Hont graves les armoiries.
du'une piorre pesanie a ete place dossu.. ct c'est par ronlonee.uoMt do sa surtaoe
?n«ltale que la plupart des lignos graveosoi.t.H.! d.Hruitis. Uu vo.t encore dans le
Dlorab oxid6 I'empreinto d'une coquillo pC-triU-^o qui so tr.uuMit ngr.gco au ealcaire
Kn roulant le bloc suporiour, les onvriors ont pu plier lo metal ; de In I ©rrcur de
erolre que la plaque Otait roulee ; ello a <lu, eonime toiitos Ics clioses d.> ce genre,
itre Dlao6e dans une cavitd commo fond. 011 on avait depose lo dojuinont tombe en
pougaidre et ies " quolquos sous " quo cos hounetos ouvriors out gardes pour eux,
■Mi doute, sang en connattro la valour.
Peu habltu6 a lire de telles inscriptions, raais eonnaissant la pi6te des premiers
eolons du Canada, j'essayai de donnor un sous cuurant a I'iusuription et je trouvai
qn'on pouvait lire cici :
lau Hominum Sah'titoris, Marine Immarutatat Auipire.
(Son* leg auapioes ou la protection de Jfisus Sauveur des hommos et de Marie-
* ' L'an 1034, le
25 juillet— je — Ct6 plant6
premiere par (ou pour) C. lohirur.) Oifart, Seigneur de ce lien.
Jmqa'A present la chose se lit bien, le sens en est raisonnable otpositif. Supposant
!• ahirarKien un homme instruit ot lettrd, I'ingoription latine go complete d'elle-meme.
Itato MlM I il y un maig,— U lettre C avant Qifart me trouble un peu. Comme
*rr. -.T-z^^"^^- ■
Ja n'ai ioni U mftin aneun rulame, auoune tradition da tempi & eoniinlter.Ja rati
oblig* de m'en tenir aux correspondanoei de journaux, et jo trouve dam tontei U
pr^nom de RobeH—et qui no commence pai du tout par un C. I Le root ohirnrKien
qui £tait la profe««ion de Oifard. ae pr6rinto naturBlloment, maia rartiolo manque
Oh! lo C, ii c'(^tait un R, ? plu^ ue doute, rnfTaire neralt olaire. Malt le
le malheureiix C, ne reralt-il pas I'initiale de Cl< utier, le charpentier ou rentrcDra'
neur aveo leque! Gifiirt avait f»it un contrat i .lortaijcne, le 14 man 1634, quatr*
moil ft peu prii avant la poie de la preraiJro fierre? Alori il faudrait lire: j'ai
6t6 plant<<e par Cloutier, Oifart C'tant neinneur de oe lieu.
Je m'arrrte, le louvenir de eertaine Inpoription «ur certain pont vient troubler
toutes cea belica fpeoulationa, A oroi da voulnir flero aavant, on pourrait fair* dira
il Kobort Qifart des oboaes qii'il n'a jr.inaia peni^'ei.
Si, aprJa tout, ce Oifart nVtait pna mrant, et qu'il eut vouln dire par I H S
J<!»ua-Chri-.t.etM. I. A., Maria; co serait trop fort.-J'almeraia mieus la tb«oria
de M. le Dr. MafHden, et de M. Bi'dard, Maria, Jmrhim, Anna. Le 25 juillet <t»ot
la fate de aaint Jncquea, et la vigile de saint Joachim, il lerait plua ralaonnabia da
penaer qu'on aurait mis la construction du premier Manoir Canadian, loui la nro-
tection et lea auspicei du saint du jour. ^
Reate a aavoir si la Saint Jacques so ffitait lo 25 juillet, la Saint Juaohim la 2«
an I'an de aotre Seigneur 1631. '
Je laiaae & d'autrea de mieus trouver.
Quoiqu'il en aoit, cette date 1634, est un centenaire memorable/ oar o'eat an' issV
que Jacquea-Cartier visita lo golfo Saint-Laurent, et o'eat an 1535, qu'il ramonta
notre beau fleuve juequ'i Ilocholaga, cent am avant la premldra oonceiiion laiffnaa-
riale de Beauport. *
J'ai rhonnour d'etre, Monsieur,
▼otre humble lervt.,
Cte. d'ORaomriKa.
l'inscription du manoir de beauport.
Parmi une masao de vieux documents que je poaaisde, concernant la leignearia da
Benuport ot xes seigneurs, j'ai trouve le re9u suivant:
"Je, lonssigntf, confesse avoir recu un billet de cent cinquanto livrei de monaiaar
de Beauport, pource qu'il avait promis pour faire sa biltisse de logia de Beauoort
"Faictce27i6rae juillet 1642. *^ '
„ , . " P- Cl,OST."
Cela donnorait peut fltre une explication des iibr<!viation8 "P.O." do I'lnBorip .
trouv/^e dans lea ruines du vicux manoir.
En effet, il est loisiblo de supposer quo cet architccto a fait ce que ici oonfrdra*
modernea font encore, et qu'il a grav£ ses initinlea aur I'inscription commemoratiTa
de la poao de la premiere pierre plantie dans la LAtmc de Beauport.
La Beauce, 14 avril 18S1.
H. J. J. DUCHIS-VAT.
II. Vs LETTER.
UKE RELIQUE BISTORIQUE.
La J(ftn«rr« a publigl 'inscription do la plaque troav6e k Beauport. Le Journal
de Quthec I'a reproduite aussi ; maia arec une certaine difference. Poor I'jtaia dai
paraonnea ^loign^es ot pour I'utilitd de la science, il eat bien d^ilrable qu'on ail
prenna da nombreuaea impreaaiona aur pl&tre. Si madame Oagy aoeorde la parmia-
lion n^cesaaire, elle m6ricera certainement la reoonnaigaanoe de oeuz qui <tudiant
notre hiatolre.
II paralt que le dernier chiffre de la date ae lit aveo difficult^. II «it tontafois
trdi important de le determiner arec toute la precision poiiibla. ,
A mei yeux, la data du 25 juillet entralne pluaieuii oonilquenoei qui diipuraliMBt
arao un autra chiffra.
— 6 —
I. L* 25 JuUlot eit cniiirtor<( \ I'Hprttra ii»lnt Jnccjues-lo-MaJeur. Ne p«at-nn pM
trkduire !• leona iiroup* trilitt.^ro M. J. A. par Mitjori Jac<>h<> Apottiilo- Le premUr
Kroupe, tl coniiu d'ailluuri. Ctaiil latin, il eit uaturol de »u|.poi«r ^ue le vaeond
II. La f«ts de iialnt J««que«-le-Miijour, qui tnmbiiit un mardl en 1rt:U. *t»it
chflm66 : par ooni.<!quoiit !<•» traviiux lorvilen ont dft «tre iutpendui o« Jour la.
III. Le ineme jour, 25 juilltit UVM, Il-.l-ert (IlffnrJ annUtait i un ">•«•>»«• ^ Q««»>«o.
•equlrjutexi.li.iuBrpoiir-iuol il ^tiilt roinplncA i Heauport par Hon flli Char et.
Mal» la pone do la piorrw unRulaire d'uiie iiinple uiBiHim. un jour de grnndo Mte.
me »emble diffloilo u oxpli-iuer. qu'op veulllo ou non y fuire intervenir loi oC'rfmoniei
de la Kelision. . . . < r ■ i.
L'oxproBslon : Je eit phiite offro nusKi uno difflcult^t. A cotte <<poquo on faUalt
de nonibrouBOH fuutes d'orlhiiKruplio, niiiiH on avait prc«qne toujourn le mot prupra.
II enbien vrai quen teriiiB d'archiepcturo, on dii(ait/)/(i «<«■»• un MiJicr\iitutlu4tKMr
MurlavuKjonnrrUdenfoiulimenU; uiuiijo ne »acho piu qu'on uit dit : planter lei
plerres dog fondemontc. , ,.,,,,, ,.
Cotte plaque n'aurait-cllo pas C-tfi dcstinCo il une croix pluntfe a I ondroit que
QiflTard voulait dC-friohor ? » . j r i
II e«t d'autant plus nature! qu'il ait pommenc*' lei travsux par cot acte de loi
qu'il devait »on){or h. fairo batir I'oKlijo pr^n <io xa denieure. Dans catto suppo»ition,
on «'expUque fuoilement quo ia oroix ait M pliiDtCe un jour do ICto iolannolle, oU
tout le monde, surtout k cetto (poquo, devait vaquer H ie» devoirn rolijtieux^ Jo vow
dan* log Archiitt de Beaui.orf, pur MKr Lnngcvin, quo la niainon 'le Oiflard, d aprdi
M. Ferland, devait Ctre plus pr^M do la petite riviere quo lo manoir notuel.
C. Uiffnrd, qui est desittni^ I'onimo eeigneur do Boauport, eft le IIU da Robert II
«tait n6 on Frunno at dovait <Hre uncoro assoz jcune. C'esi do lui quo parle la
Journ«< dog J<*8uitoi on disant que lo Ills de M. (iiffard pasga en Frunee, on 1«46,
avoc d'autrog jounos Rens " toun fripong pour la plupart qui avaicnl fait mille piicog
" k I'autro voyage, et on dnnniiit il tous do graiidg appointoments."
La 28 octobro, il <^tait pairain, ut il s'oiubarquait lo HI.
II n'ogt plug question do lui upri>s cetto date, soit qu'il ait rouoncd au Canada, soit
qu'il ait peri prOmatun nicnt. Le pure roptis sa seigneurio do Boauport, qu'il fit
agrandir lo uiieux qu'il pCkt.
P a —En ^orivant co ([ui pri^ciide, j'^tnis un peu pregs(! ; j'aurais dfl remarquer
oepe'nd'ant, quo goug la lettre C, log locteurg no pouvaiont dovinor lepri'iiom du jeune
seigneur de Boauport II s'aj.pelait Charles, et devait fitre n6 en France comme sa
•oeur Marit, qui downt Madame do la Fort§.
Dans I'intfiret do vos lectours jo ferai remarquer quo le D/ciionnaire Gin*olog%qite
renfermo, d, rarticle Gikkahd. cortaincg erreurs. Ainsi FrangoUe qui commence
I'articlo est la m6me que Maric-Franooise qui lo tennino : ello so fit roligieune i,
I'UAtel-Dieu. L'tpout^e do Jmn Judunan de la Fei-ti fut Mane, nie on France,
puigque son contrat de nmringo, CD 1(146, la dite " ag6e do 17 ana environ," ce qui
reporte la naigsance vorg 1628. Charles ossiste et eigne un contrat. Ce n est pas
Moberl Oiffaixl ; maia son flls Joseph, dont lo corps fut transports i. la cath£drale, le
SldSoembre 17U5.
f
mm
ta p«ut-nB pat
o- L« prainUr
{ue le feoond
•n tA.'U, tt»H
Jour Ilk,
Ihk* ii Qu^bao,
nia Charl«f.
la grnndo Mta.
lot o6r{-Dionl««
oquo on faitait
9 mot propra.
if pour I'uttroir
it : planter lai
tl randroit qua
oet acta da fol
tte lupponition,
I lulennolla, ob
icieux Je voia
Uiflnrd, d'aprda
tuel.
I de Robert II
lui que parle la
•unce, tin 1(148,
fait mllla piicaa
au Canada, lolt
lauport, qu'il fit
is dd remarquer
irriiom Ju joune
riince comme sa
ire Olntologique
I qui cominenca
fit religieuiia ik
n6e en Franca,
environ," ce qui
t. Ce n'eat paa
i oath^drale, la
r
.-/.r
.1