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B«pork for 1861 1 Remarks on the Canadian Fisheries of the Qulf 25 Codfiahory 25 Herring fishery 28 Mackerel fishery 27 Salmon fishery 28 Statistics of the North Shore of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrenoe, from I'ortnouf to I'Anse aux Blancs Sablons, 540 miles of sea shore, in 1S61 23 Statistics of the Island of Antioosti ■ 20 Population of the North Shore in 1852 2» Statistics of Magdalen Islands for 1891 • '^ lUport for 1862 First Toy age..... Second voyage , Third voyage .. 33 34 39 Remarks or the fisheries «* Table No. 1. U Table No. 2 ^* Table No. 3 86 Table No. 4 **>* TabtaNo. 6 IW Idit of the Cetaoea, Fishes, Cxustaeea and Molliuea 1" I 1= .1 1 -i^) ^ . V*« I > »^ ANNUAL REPORT or PIERRE FORTIN, ESQ., Magistrate, in command of the Government schooner La Canadtemie, engaged in the Protection of Fisheries, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, during the season of 1861. ►s^'S ,«S. i.:'J4J ,';k . '"JS^H tlie R^vtr „L p'^f.f- f «! ? adtniDisteriDg the law respecting the Canadian fisheries in inL^Ir /^ J- °^ St Lawrence having again been assigned to the Government schooner LaCanadienne, I took commund of her in the beginning of May, in conformity with instructions given to that effect by the Hon. the Commissioner of Crown Lands : bat as the schooner required repairs to her keel as well as to her standing rigging, she could not be got ready for sea before the 23rd of May ^° ^' i:„Kf ^°. ?"*[ ^^ ""^ left Quebec bound for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, favoured with a very feiL f «• ^ ^'?^"•^ ?" ^^' T°'i°?'"S days, we had changeable winds, and only reached ?h:torLi!rof ^tLe^26^t ''"^ ' '^' *° ''''' ''^ '''' ^"^^' ^'^"^ ^^^'^^ «'• ^---) - nn ♦1,?°v''°I'k ^k''" ".>'?°":° to be. after the Moisieand Natashquan, one of the best rivers on the North shore; it is full of the finest kind of salmon and trout. An overaeer has been stationed there to force the fishermen and Indians frequenting the locality to observo the laws and regulations enacted with the view of preserving these valuable fish. hr.J,nJ ^K 'i' A ' *'*', ^'^" ^^^Z^' 2^°"°'* «^ complaint against certain parties for breaking the laws and regulations. Warrants had been issued to arrest the guilty, and many ot them had been punished in accordance with the provisions of the law But two Indians accused of haying fished within the limits of Mr. Holliday, the lessee frr^hl a' always succeeded m escaping the law, aud I had received instructions from the Government to have them arrested by my constables and brought before me. As in preceding years, these parties ran away upon the schooner coming near the place, and, favoured by the woods, escaped our search. I assembled the t'o^ Indian families ihen at Godbout, and after giving them comma- ' r. T*K *•»« P"°cipal clauses of the Fisheries Act, which I required them to observe, I showed them that they ought to be more interested iu the preservation of salmon and trout than any one else, since these fish during the season of trappins^ in the interior, become one ♦K w?""""^! "^f 8 0^ subs'stence, and in the meantime, I made them understand that though the guilty Indians had Jescaped once more, they would be arrested sooner or later. ■ and that if they were again to become guilty of any violation of the law, they would be visited with the heaviest penalties provided by the regulations. All the Indians whom I met there promised to conform strictly to the fishery regula- tions, and this promise has been strictly kept; for it appears from the overseer's riport ^ that there was no infraction whatever of the law in the Godbout, ia 1861, I next marked with buoys an anchoring ground for small vessels frequenting this lo- cality for the purpose of cod-fishing, and in conformity with the powers vested in me, made regulations for the i«aid anchoring place, and appointed Mr. Autoinc Dials to be guardian of the Godbout River Harbour. The ice left the river on the 12th of May, o few trout had already begun to ascend it, but no salmon. The sand eel (alui<;on) had appeared on the coas^t about throe weeks befors. The next day I went to Trinity Bay, and there took cognizance of a complaint made by Mr. Meade against Alexander Comeau, Esq , stating that the latter had built a liouse and hangar un his property. I visited the spot, examined the boundaries, and concluded that Mr. Comcau's liou«c was outsids of the easterly limits of the lands of the heirs Poulin, of whom Mr. Meade is agent, and that the hangar in question has been erected on Trinity Point, upon rocks covered at high tide, and consequ(iutly could not he considered as part of the complainant's property. This business being concluded, I gave orders to start for Seven Islands, but the eobt- erly wind which had been blowing since morning would not permit us to go very fast, and at night the gale obliged us to anchor under the lec of Egg Island. In the evening of the 28th, the wind having changed to the N.N.E., wo sailed, and the next morning anchored in the Bay of Seven Islands. I immediately set about installing Mr. John Gough Smith as Collector of the new port of entry at fcievcu Islands. This gonllcmen had come down with me from Quebec, to which place I was instructed to bring him back in the tall when La Canadiennc would return to winter quarters. I ordered Mr. Hardy's men to give him possession of the house and buildings formerly occupied by the Hudson's Bay Company, which Mr. Hardy had rented from the Govern- ment, since the King's Posts, of which the Seven Islands form part, had ceased to be leased to that Company. Mr. Hardy having neglected to fulfil some of the clauses of hi-t contract with the Government, had lost his right to the occupancy of this important post. Before the cay was over, the Collector was settled in his new quarters, and his office opened. The masters of two Canadian schooners, about to trade on the Labrador coast, immediately took advantage of the facility offered to them to trade in the Gasp6 free port limits, without going to Gaspt^ Basin, and proceeded ut once to tako out their license. This circumstance afforded immediate proof that this new port of entry established by the Governnient would be of th^> greatest utility to our schooners from Quebec or the lower parishes <3arrying goods in bond either within the limits of the free port, or out of the Province. Had it not been for the establishment of a port at Seven Islands, these schoon- ers which were going as fur as the Straits of Bellc-lsle, or perhaps to the River Moisie only, or which were consigned to the neighborhood, would htvc been obliged to visit Gasp^J; this would have increased the length of their voyaire by several hundred miles. The navigators, traders and fishermen should certainly bo grateful to Government for hiv- ing established a port of entry on the North shore, and for having given so much facility to the trade between the centre of Canada and the North shores of the river and gulf of St. Lawrence, I perceived with satisfaction that the spring herring had enterpd the I'ay of Seven Islands in great numbers, and during the two weeks previous .Mr. Hardy's lishormen had been taking from 20 to 60 barrels a day, by means of a hurdle fishery placed hear the point of the post. This fishery is a great resource f r the inhabitants of the locality (^for the Indians especially,) if they knew how to take advantage of it. On the morning of the 3i)th we anchored opposite Moisie River. The weather being fine, I took advantage of it to mark an anchoring ground in the Moisie River by placing a number of buoys, and to determine the limits of f >ur new salmon fisheries which I had received instructions to lease; I afterwards visited the fishing cstablishraeuts. The ice came down this river as late as the 12th of May. S ilmon were beginning to enter the estuary, codfish were seen on the outside banks and near the shores three day.H before, and caplin was also taken in great quantities near the shore. At 11 p.m., I went on board, wc immediately set sail, and the next day at 2 in the afiernoon, entered the harbor of Mingan. 1 at once oommunioated with .Mr. A nl.nson, the rludson's Bay Com- pany's principal agent on the North shore of the Gulf of St. Jjuwrence, and placed him in possession of the instructions I had received from the Government relative to the salmon fisheries of the Seigniory of Mingan, of which th<^ said Company had, for many years, fo li nenting this lo- ited in mc, made } to be guardian lay, n few trout »ad appeared on complaint made 1 built a house 1, and concluded he heirs Poulin, ccfed on Trinity )uaidered as part ds, but the eaut- ;o very fast, and 1., wo sailed, and cctor of the new from Quebec, to anadiennc would uildings formerly from the Govern- lad ceased to be he clauses of his IS important post. iTi, and his ofi&co e Labrador coasl, e Gasp6 free port )ut their license, istablished by the bee or the lower lort, or out of the ads, these schoon- the River Moisie Q obliged to visit ,1 hundred miles, rernment for hiv- 1 so maoh facility verand gulf of 8t. nterpd the ! ay of Hardy's Ushormen ry placed hear the f the locality (^for 'he woatlier being ) lliver by placing leries which I had leuts. were beginning to shores three day.^ \.t 11 p.m., I went moon, entered the udson's Bay Com- and placed him in tive to the salmon id, for many years, obtained a lease at a high rate, from the proprietors of the said spigniory. leasing to him all the salmon fisheries of the said seigniory, he gave the To ray offer of following reply : fftv V'iii-rff'^'''"^-^"'^ '^ ' ' TitfiiJBIt;" ' MiNOAN, 31st May. P. FoRTiN, Esquire. ^ ■ Sir, — Having received your favour of this day, I beg to state that the offer of the Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands to grant to the Hudson's Bay Company nominal licenses for all the rivers as far as Agwann's, was received by me on the 29th instant, and exclusive of this injustice towards the poor people who have relied on the permanence of their stations from the licensos granted to them, it is utterly impossible for the Company to undertake to fish these rivers at such short notice. I beg, therefore, to state, that we shall only occupy the stations we have licenses for last year, and that, as soon as you possibly can, you should visit the river St. John and rectify the affairs there. Vours, &t!., , ' " *v ' James Anderson, Chief Factor, Hon. H. B. C. . Mr. Anderson's reply settled the question for this year, and I had nothing else to «Co but to give him the same licenses as in the preceding years. Mr. Pierre Tanguay, of Long Point, Mingau, laid a complaint before me against a fisherman of the same place who had damaged his house, but the party being absent, the case was postponed till my next visit to Mingan. Moreover, I was in a hurry to reach the Magdalen Islands. Mackerel fishing in the Bay of Plaisance must have already commenced, or was on the point of beginning ; and the prcsenco of La C'anaciienne was necessary there. I therefore did not make a long cruise on the North shore, and on the Ist June, at 3 o'clock in the morning, we started for the Magdalen Islands. Our progress was retarded by a calm ; nevertheless, on the morning of the third, we anchored in the Bay of Plaisance. Mackerel fishing had not begun yet, but schooners from Nova Scotia, New Bruawick, and the United States, fitted out for that purpose, were already in Amherst Harbour, and some fishermen had set their nets in the bay. But there was as yet no sign of mackerel. The herring fishery had commenced at the usual time and continued from the 1st to the 20th of May. 800 schooners from the neighbouring provinces had collected in the Bay of Plaisance to fish for herring with seines, but they had not all been successful. It is true that the fish had been as plentiful in the Bay of Plaisance as in previous years, but the frequent gales had caused high seas on the shores, which did not give the fishermen an opportunity of prosecuting their labour with much chance of success ; more- over, so many seines were thrown out together, when large shoals of herrings appeared at the surface of the water, that they got intermixed, and consequently many fish escaped and wer3 lost totho fi.shermen. This accounts for a great number of the inhabitants of the Islands not being able to lay in their complete stock of herring for the winter. The way to remedy this evil would bo to pass a regulation forbidding any other seine to interfere when one might be already engaged in catching a shoal of herring. On the 4th instant, I sent my first officer, Capt. Bernier, to visit all the schooners in Amherst Harbour. He left in the hands of each master a copy of the fishery regulations for the Bay of Plaisance, and in the meantime I caused a buoy to be placed in the bay indicating the line, east of which, in virtue of the said regulations, fishermen are forbidden to set any kind of nets. This is done with a view to secure to the navigation free access to Amherst Har- bour, to give to the shoals of mackerel access to that part of the bay, free from all nets, and at the same time to allow them to come near the shores, for the purposes of depositing their ova, without any.obstacle preventing their so doing. Oa the morning of the 5th, Mr. Joseph Bourque, of I'Etang du Nord, came and in- formed me that the night previous foreign sailors, to the number of eight or ten, and very likely belonging to some schooner anchored the night before, under shelter of Cap aux Meales, had on the preceding evening forcibly entered his house, and after having assaulted bim several times, and threatened to take away his life with a knife or dagger in the hands : of one of tbe party, had stolen a ccttain quantity of goods which he, the said Joseph Bourquo, had saved from a wrecked vessel, the United States, and which had been gi'/en to him by the Customs oflBcer of Amherst Harboiw a« his share of the salvage ; moreover^ men's and women's clothing belonging to his family, and other goods, worth in all about $200 ; unhappily he could not identify the robbers as belonging to any particular schooner.. Having taken his deposition, wc immediately weighed anchor "nd started in pursuit of the schooners which had passed the night previous under shelter of Ga^ aux Meules,. some of which we could see under sail going out of Piaisance Harbour. I stopped and visited the schojners IStacpy, St Lawrence, Village Belle, and Sarah andJulia ; this last vessel was still at anchor, and as several of her crew were suspected of belonging to the gang of robbers, I delayed her till the next day. I caused a rigorous search to bo made in the hold and cabins, but without any result.. Mr. Bourque and his son, who were on board, examined all the men of the crew, oae alter the other, but could not identify any one as having committed the robbery the night pre* vious. Moreover, the captain assured me he had had no knowledge whatever of the rob- bery in question, but he told me that two small schooners, whose name he did not know, also anchored the night previous at Cape aux Mcules, and had started at morning twilight,, under full sail towards the Island of Cape Breton, favored with a fine west north-west breeze. But they had been out of sight for many hours past. I afterwards went to the Havre aux Maisons to see if I could collect more direct information. The only thing I eould find ou^ was that the day after the robbery, two small schooners had left Cap auz Menles between four and five o'clock in the morning, and that they were very soon out of sight, poing toward the Island of Cape Breton. Kvidently the suspicion of the robbery must fall upon these schooners, but I neither knew their name nor the placeto which they were bound. During my stay at the Magdalen Islanus, I used every exertion to discover a clue to that robbery, but without any result. On the 7th, I was occupied with two charges brought by Alexander Cormier, Esquire, against two inhabitants of the Island, for having disturbed a meeting of the Municipal Council of the Islands. On the 12th and 13th I heard several witnesses in both cases, and on the 14th being obliged to start for Perc4, 1 postponed the hearing of the remaining witnesses to my next visit to Magdalen Islands. In conformity with instructions received from the Bureau of Agriculture and Statis- tios, and as census commissioner for the Magdalen Islands, I appointed census officers to take the names in the different Islands, as also to collect all other necessary information ; and I was obliged to convey one of my census officers to one of the most distant islands of the group. In order to be able to make a complete and exact census, I myself visited tbe different villages and requested the inhabitunts to answer all the questions which^ would be put to them by t^o census officers, and to give all the information required from them; and I had reason ^a well satisfied with the zeal shewn by the person? employed to take the oeneus of the Islands: for, besides the ordinary statistical information with which they filled the columns of the forms I furnished them with, they filled up other columns shew- ing the number of vessels and fishing craft of tho Islands, th: quantity of fishing tackle and of different kinds of firth taken in 1861, &c,, &c. This information was the more necessary, because, up to this date, all we had upon this subject was taken from the Cus- toms Report, in which only the quantity of fish exported from the Magdalen Islands was stated, without taking any notice of thousands of quintals of fish used by the inhabitants themselves. Meanwhile, I had taken all possible precautions with a view of enforcing the fishery law as far as they apply to the Bay of Piaisance, and to a certaic extent I succeeded. A certain number of nets which were, on my arrival, located in contravention of the law, had been drawn out of the water and set further out in lawful places, but many re- mained in that part of the Bay which, according to tho regulations, was to remain free and open, and it was very difficult, in fact almost impossible, to find out tho proprietors of those nets. I then had recourse to the means provided by the law, that is to say, I had them taken away by my men who put them inside tho limits marked by the buoy that I had oaoted to be placed there a few days before upon the spot indicated by the clauses of the above-mentioned regulationa. This labour was difficult and very toilsome for my men, for they had to draw out of the water nets from fifty to sixty fathoms in length, kept down to frfe. he, the said Joseph, hich had been givea he salvage ; moreover^ Is, worLli in all about jy particular schooner^ >nd started in pursuit of Cap aux Meules^ )ur. tlaoe Bdle, and Sarah crew were suspected ot )ut without any result.. of the creWj o»c after- robbery the night pre- re whatever of the fob- 'ame he did not know, ed at morning twilight, a fine west north-west fterwards went to the ;ion. The only thing I ooners had left Cap aux jy were very soon out of iuspicion of the robbery • the placeto which they ry exertion to discover a Sander Cormier, Esquire, seting of the Municipal witnesses in both cases, hearing of the remaining ■ Agriculture andStatis- ointed census ofi&oers to IX necessary information ; de most distent islands of jsus, I myself visited the questions which, would be ■equired from them; and I m employed to take the rmation with which they •d up other columns shew- quantity of fishing teckle nformation was the more !t was taken from the Cus- the Magdalen Islands was sh used by the inhabitants •w of enforcing the fishery n extent I succeeded, ed in contravention of the awful places, but many re- ons, was to remain free and out the proprietors of those , that is to say, I had them ked by the buoy that I had icated by the clauses of the ry toilsome for my men, for )m8 in length, kept down to the bottom of the water by stones of some hundred pounds weight. Notwithstanding that, on the 11th, there were but few nets in the channel, when Capt. Bornier, who had com- mand of one of the boats engaged in moving the nets set in contraveation of the law to the place I had indicated to him, was assaulted by a Nova Scotian fisherman named Joseph HunsoD, whose nets had been that very day removed by my men. He had thrown large stones at the captain, one of which struck him on the head and inflicted a serious wound, from whicii flowed a great quantity of blood. Fortunately I was there to dress the wound in time and in a fitting manner. One of the canoe-men had also been struck by Ilunson, without however being wounded. Immediately, after having taken cognizance of this un- fortunate occurrence, I caused Hunson and one of the men who aceonipinied him iu his boat to be arrested and put on board under safe guard. The next day they appeared before me, and Hunson's accomplice, against whom there was no proof, was set at liberty. Hunson admitted the charge. Upon this I off'ered to take bail for his appearance at the next County Criminal term, at Perc6, and as he could not find two solvent persons to be- come security for him, I made out a warrant of commitment, the execution of which was entrusted to one of my constables. More than twenty other schooners had joined those which I had found at Amherst on my arrival at the Magdalen Islands, and at least ten thousand nets for mackerel had been set in difi'erent parts of the Bay of Plaisance and near Grindstone and Entry Islands. All this fishing apparatus, well anchored with heavy stones, was set in the most favorable manner to catch the greatest possible number of mackerel, and the arrival oi' this fish waa waited for with great impatience. But the fish, contrary to the fishermen's expectations, ' appeared in the Bay of Plaisance only in small numbers, and were really abundant for a few ditys only. Some fishermen, more favored than the others, had taken enough to reim- burse their expenses of fitting out; unfortunately it waa not the same with the greater number; the produce of each of their nets having scarcely reached two barrels, and the season for this kind of fishing was entirely over. Accordingly, on the 14th of June, the day I left Magdalen Islands, nearly all the nots had been taken up, and a great number of schooners had already gone. Codfishing was very successful at L'Etang du Nord on the South of Amherst Island, and at Old Harry. The schooners easily obtained from two to four draughts a day. During my different visits to Amherst Harbour, I ascertained that Mr. (assidy (the guardian of Amherst Harbour) had fulfilled the duties of his office, and that nobody had been guilty of having, as formerly, thrown ballast or other noxious matters into this basin, which is so well protected from ail winds, but a little difficult of access on account of rocks. A sand-bank also partly obstructs its entrance. It is with the greatest pleasure that I mention this result, the more so because if this harbour should become impracticable (which would soon occur if ballast was pern:itted to be thrown into it as formerly), it is only with the greatest difficulty that the cudfishery could be carried on in the Bay of Plaisance, there being no shelter against the East and North-East winds. It is known that Amherst and Lc Havre aux Maisons are the only two harbours at Magdalin Islands used by the trade. The Magdalen Island schooners had been as usual seal hunting on the field ice of the gulf, and had returned to their fitting-out places without having sustained any loss or damage, but also without having brought back many of the skins of these animals. The ill-success of their trip was owing principally to the bad weather encountered by the sailors during their adventurous campaign, and also to the small number of seals which appeared. On the 14th of June, we left the 3Ligdalen Islands, and the next morning anchored at Perc6, whore I caused the prisoner Joseph Hunson to bo put in jail. The codfishing, which gave excellent returns, had begun on the 29th of April ; our fishermen had used herring as a bait for their lines till the 8th of June; then caplin in ita annual migratory journey from the ocean to the coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence had made its appearance, to the great joy of our fishermen. These small fish are a safer and more tempting bait for cod than herring, The purposa of my journey to the Gaspe shores was to lease, as usual, all the salmon fisheries of the district; to inspect them; in the mean time to keep a watchful eye on them, and to maintain public order and tranquillity iq the sea harboara aad on the shores. i; I i; (: 6 My duties extended over a length of at least ooe hundred and fifty miles of shore ; I had to enter all the rivers and visit almost all fishing apparatus set in them, and at the same time to see the fishermen and receive from them the price of their licenses. In spite of all possible expedition, I was engaged in this work for twenty-one days. On the 17th I went to Malbaie and visited Barachois Eiver, which I ascended to the distance of 3 miles from the sea. At this place there arc falls 10 feet high. Some feet below, Mr. Duncan Robinson has built a mill dam, and this dam being au insuperable obstacle to the passage of salmon, he had attached to it last year a migration pass which the spring ice had carried away, but which he promised me would be replaced as soon os the water should be a little lower; for as the waters were at the period of my visit it was impossible to work at the dam. This Barachois River is narrow and in some parts shallow, but the water is very clear. No salmon nets are set in it. All the apparatus used for catching this fish is placed on the outer bank. On the 18th we entered Gasp^ Basin, where we remained till the 25th. During this period I granted licenses for the fisheries of the rivers St. John, South- West, North-West and of the Peninsula. I fined a fisherman, on the North-West river, and confiscated his net for having set it contrary to law. There were at that time in Gaap4 Basin many Ehips, brigs and schooners, some from Europe with goods and salt, and some employed in the fisheries. The French frigate La Pomone was also there; her commander, le Marquis de Cha- vanco de Montagnac was on a visit to Canada, and his vessel was there waiting for him. The inhabitants of Gasp<5 gave a hearty and friendly welcome to the officers and crew of the frigate, who on their part were so polite and hospitable, while the sailors, when ashore, be- haved themselves so well that all felt sincere regret at their departure. On the 25th I stopped a few hours at Douglastown, and the next day, I went ashore at Ora&d River. I leased the fisheries of this river and those of Little and Great Pabos Rivers ; and on the 27th I went to Port Daniel, where I likewise gave licenses to the fishermen of the place. On th3 28th we dropped anchor in Paspebiao Harbour. In all the rivers I had just visited, with the exceplion of those of the South-West and North-West, salmon fishing had produced but ordinary results. On the contrary, cod was abundant on the shores. In Paspebiac Harbour I found the usual number of vessels belonging to the firms of Robin and Lc Boutillicr. I was told that the fitting out for the codfishery on the North shore was on a larger scale than in previous years. On the 29th we anchored at Bonaventure, where I at once laid down the limits of the salmon fisheries in the river ; and in accordance with the instructions received to that effect, marked the limits of places set aside for salmon spawning grounds. The lower limit is opposite Duval River, and the upper one at the head of the stream. I visited the Indians at their camp, and forbade them to fish in the river higher up than the limit of Duval River, to which order they promised obedience. On the 1st of July we went to New Richmond, where I met Mr. Dimook, overaoer of the Casoapediac and Bonaventure Rivers, and from him and from Mr. Charles Coal, ob- tained the following information respecting the two rivers of Cascapcdiac. The Grand Casoapediac takes its rise in a lake of the same name, of about two miles in length by a mile and a-half in breadth. This lake is about 75 miles from the mouth of the river, and is fed by a little river, which may be considered as the main river Casoapediac, and takes its rise in the Ghichac mountains, about 80 miles iuland. At two miles below the lake, the river Casoapediac is only twenty yards in breadth. From that place, it widens by degrees, till it reaches at its mouth a breadth of about five hundred yards. There are no falls on this river, but a great number of rapids, which nevertheless do not prevent it from being navigable for wooden and bark canoes. The water is very clear and limpid. Numerous islands, covered with the finest trees of the country, such as elm, ash, maple, white and red birch, and beeoh, all growing upon alluvial soil, are ailes of shore ; I had lem, and at the same IccDses. for twenty-one days, iiich I ascended to the Reet high. Some feet being au insuperable migration pass which be replaced as soon os iod of my visit it was the water is very clear, this fish is placed on lie 25th. During this uth-West, North-West is net for having set it I schooners, some from r, le Marquis de Cha- there waiting for him. >fficers and crew of the ilors, when ashore, he- re, t day, I went ashore at Pabos Rivers ; and on the fishermen of the 3f the South-West and I the contrary, cod was onging to the firms of shore was on a larger id down the limits of otions received to that inds. The lower limit I visited the Indians an the limit of Duval r. Dimoclc, overseer of Mr. Charles Coal, ob- cdiac. 3, of about two miles in from the mouth of the ain river Cascapediac, 2nty yards in breadth. I breadth of about five mber of rapids, which rk canoes. The vtrater it trees of the country, ; apon allavial soil, aro met with in almost the whole of its course, and together with its shores sometimes steep, sometimes gently sloping, and covered with rich grass, contribute to make this river one of the most picturesque in Canada. Moreover it affords two sources of wealth of the greatest importance. On its banks, which are covered with one of the richest soils, timber of the most precious kind is found— yellow pine, cedar, tamarack, spruce, and birch, which have given rise to a considerable lumber trade for above fifty years past. The fisheries have, since the settlement of the country, become highly noted, and it is known that the salmon exported from the river is the finest in Canada. It appears that salmon do not go as high as Lake Cascapediac to spawn. It is true they have been seen in Miner's Brook, a stream which falls into Cascapediac River, very near to the lake, but more frequently in the creeks and pools where the water is deep and still, at 3, 6 and 7 miles further down, there they ■ are found in great number, and choose favorable places to deposit their ova. 3Ir. Coal, one of the inhabitants of New Richmond, and who knows the river best, told me he had seen there hundreds of salmon in- the act of spawning, and when he returned in a few days he could see at the bottom of the water the gravel partly covered with eggs. This river is in every respect very favorably situated for the preservation and propa- gation of salmon, and with the protective system enforced and followed up for the last few years by the Government, we may expect that the salmon in this river will increase ten fold during the next twenty years. I must add also that the trout there is very large, of fine quality, and very abundant. As it may be important to excursionists, who might bo tempted to ascend this inter- esting river during the fine summer season, to possess an accurate knowledge of places sit- uated on its banks, I will give a li.st of the most remarkable spots, with the respective dis- tances from its raouth. Picapico Mountains 14 miles from the sea. Turner's Brook 2 " higher up. Montmorency Falls (in a brook) 2 " " Jonathan's Brook 3 " '* . . ;* Tracadie 3 " " Charles Valine's Brook 4 « « . jj Square Fork : 5 « « . 4. ' * Indian Falls (rapids) IJ « « 2 he confluence of Cascapediac River (properly speak- ing) with the Salmon branch 9 " " 43} . Salmon Branch is a tributary of the Cascapedia, and takes its rise west of the Chi- chac Mountains. It runs towards the east and joins the principal branch at the above- mentioned place. I could not positively ascertain if much salmon ascended it ; neverthe- less, from its natna, it must be infjrred that it now does or formerly did abound with fish. It is less considerable than the main branch. Little Cascapediac River runs parallel to the Gra i, and at the disUuce of only about four or six miles eastwards ; but it is far from bein? of the importance of the former. There aro but few salmoa seen in it, but, on f the other iiand, plenty of trout. Its two branches unite at twenty-two miles from its mouth. The following are the best knotrn places, with their distance from the sea. Cap Brul6's Brook at , .. 4 miles from the sea. Mill Brook 10 " " Red Pine Mountain 16 " " Confluence of the two branches 22 " " The spawning grounds for salmon as woll as trijut, are a little above the fork formed by th'i junction of the two rivers, and oven extend as far as Mill Brook. This river also takes its rise in the Vhi, hac Mountains, These two fine rivers, the Grand and Little Cascapediac, fall into the fine bay of the ' same name, which is not loss than nine miles in breadth, and on the shores of which are the two important parishe.s of New lliohmond and Maria. i«p 1 f After having given licenses io the New Richmond fishermen, I laid down the limits of the spawning grounds in each river, and instructed Mr. Dimock to place stakes to indi- cate to Indian fishermen the limits of such grounds ; at the same time, I gavo notice of what had been done by notices which were read to the Indians and posted indifferent places. On the 2nd of July, I leased the salmon fishery at Maria ; on the 3rd I did the same thing at Garleton, and on the 4th on the Canadian side of the Beistigojche. Nowhere did I meet with any difficulty. There did not seem to be much salmon fishing in Cascapediac River and in the Bay of Carleton ; it was better in Res*igouche River. In Gbaleurs Bay, cod had not been seen in as large quantities as in preceding years, and it may be said that up to this date, the codfishery had been but middling; whilst the herring fishery had been almost everywhere very successful. Having brought to a close all my business iu this locality, I steered my vessel towards Pero6, where we anchored on the moruing of the 6th, and left that place two hours after- wards, bound for the North shore of the Gulf, where we arrived the next day. The fol- lowing day wc anchored at the river St. John, the salmon fisheries of which I took two days to rent. Salmon had been more abundant than ever, and the fishermen had already secured double the quantity of previous years. The ^erseer of the river, Mr. Joseph Bcaulieu, had, a few days before, ascended the river up to thirty miles from its mouth, and had found all the fishing apparatu:) set accord- ing to law. Nevertheless, I had to fine two parties from St. John for having fished in the estuary, one without license, the other with a net too near his neighbour. On the 10th wo touched at Long Point and on the 11th at Mingan. On the St. John's shoals, codfishing, which had commenced three weeks previous, had given very satisfactory results. Cuplin and sand-eel were abundant near the shores. On the Mingan shoals fish was nut so abundant. On the 11th we started for Natashquau, which place, owing to easterly winds, we could not reach before the morning of the 13th. The first thing I had to occupy myself with at this place, was a complaint lodged by Mr. Edouard De Lapparrellc, against Edward Quiglcy, junior, and others, for theft of goods from a wrecked vessel. I issued a search warrant, and my constables found the goods in Quigley senior's vessel. I immediately caused him to be arrested with his accomplices, and I had them brought on board. On the days following, I took the depositions of sev- eral persons who had had knowledge of the affair, and as proof was not wanting against the accused, 1 issued a warrant of commitment against them, which warrant was put into the hands of one of my constables. The prisoners were to be carried on board La Canadienne to Pcrc6 jail, the nearest place from the locality where the offence had been committed. Two other cases came before me: Paul Vignault against Samuel Foreman. The latter was accused of having fished in the limits of the salmon fishery of Mr. Vignault, who had taken a license from the Government for the same. It wiis proved thut the offence had been committed. The defendant wa? sentenced to pay a fine of twenty dollars, and I con- fiscated his net which had been used in the perpetration of the offoaoe, and a barrel and three-quarters of salmon taken therein. The second case was that of Robert Stanley against Samuel Foreman, the same case as the preceding. Judgment, twenty dollars fins. These two sums were immediately paid. In Natashquan Harbour a number of schooners were engaged in codfishing, which, this year, had been more successful than ever. A greater quantity of fish had never been seen on the shores. Mr. De Laparrelle's schooners had taken during many consecutive days from 12 to 17 draughts (a draught weighs 233 lbs.) and, the fi^h is weighed only when the head and intestines have been removed, that is to say, when it has been reduced one-fourth of its entire weight. In all the fishing establishments the stakes bent under the weight of the thousands of fish placed on them to be dried by the sun. Unfortunately the weather had been very unfavourable for thesj operations sinco the beginning of the fishing season ; rains and fogs had been very frequent, and but a few hun- dred quintals of codfish had been stored with safety in the proper hungars, after having undergone all the process of preparation. It was alnuys hoped that they would have had westerly winds, and that then they would have had dry weather and a warm sun, this be- ing for oar fishermen the most propitious weather for the drying of oodfish. down the limits ^oe stakes to iadi- [ gave notice of in different places, d I did the same le. Nowhere did )g in Gascapediac preceding years, iiing; whilst the my vessel towards two hours after- t day. The foU rhich I took two ■men had already ire, ascended the aratua set accord- vins; fished in the On the 10th wo seks previous, had r the shores. On asterly winds, we iplaint lodged by , for theft of goods md the goods in his accomplices, epciitions of sev- mtiog against the iras put into the ! jail, the nearest man. The latter gnault, who had the offence had tllars, and I con- md a barrel and Robert Stanley nty dollars fins. odfishing, which, had never been lany consecutive is weighed only as bcon reduced ikes boat under ations since the d but a few hun- irs, after having would have had rm sun, this be- h. On the evening of the 16(h we prepared to Eail, in order to carry the prisoners to Perc6, which place we reached on the evening of the 19th, when Quigley and his accom- plices were put ashore and lodged in jail. The next day we started for Gasp^, where we dropped anchor on the 21st. In those plvces, which I had previously visited, and where I had collected much informa- tion, public order and tranquillity had not been once disturbed. Codfishing, although very successful in the beginning of the season, had diminished during the previous week, on account of the scarcity of bait, caplin having become scarce, and squid, which is one of the most tempting bait for codfish, not having yet made its appearance. The weather had been v-'ry rainy. On the 2.-5rJ I had to take into consideration, at Gasp^, a gold mnny cases of desertion of sailors from an English scliooner, the t.lectra, William Vesey, master of the said schooner, beinii the omplainant. Four of his sailors, on proof of their guilt and on their refusing to return to their vessel, were, in virtue of the Imperial Act, sentenced by me, three to six weeks, and the other to four weeks imprisonment. They were kept on board undercharge of one of tny constables, and, on the next day, I carried them inLa Cnna- (Heniie to Ferc<5 jail All the fishing apparatus had been taken up in the Gasp6 Rivers, and the fishing had been very remunerative. About the same time, the fishing overseer at Malbaie reported th.at Mr. Robinson had caused to be constructed a fishway, according to the requireni'-nts of the law, on his mill-dam, in Baraohoiti Kiver. On the 25th we started ibr a second visit to the North shore of the River St. Law- rence, and were enable 1 on the ne.\t day to reach Moisie River, in spite of a very thick fog. Codfishing in this locality had produced the best results, since the 8th of June. Such a quantity of fidi had never been seen on the shores of Moisie Bay, and especially opposite the mouth of the river. During a few weeks fishing, boats had often been seen returning to the harbour, after only four or five hours fishing, with from 100 to 1000 codfish of the finest quality. Salmon fishing w is not less successful, and according to all the fishermen of the neigh- bourhood, Mr. H illidiiy had never made so much profit with the river as this year. Some breaches of the fishery laws had been reported to me. A fisherman, residing at Moisie, was fiicd eight ddlars for having taken Salmon and Trout in Mr. FloUiday's limits. A cod-fisherinan was likewise fined five dollars for having thrown fish offal into the river. Many other fishermen, according to the overseer's statement, had been guilty of the srtme offencis and complaints were laid against them by Mr. Ohisholm; but as itwas imp )ssible to obtain proof of their guilt, they were acquittitd. The master of the schooner " Sea Slipper," from Halifax, had, during many weeks, openly violated the fishery law in Moisie River, by throwing fish-offal into the water where his vessel was anchored ; and this stranger deserved un exemplary punishment, having, the year previ»us, been guilty of a similar offence. But he had left a few weeks before my arrival at .Moisie, probably to return to his port of out-fit, at Halifax. I, never- theless, kept a note of the complaint laid against him, for the chance of falling in with him somewhere during the twelve months following the day of the offence, intending to punish him as he deserved. On the morning of the 28th, I vi&ited the standing deep water fishing apparatus, set during the past two years, by Mr. D. Ti5tu, on the Moisie bank. This year it was placed across Pointc de Bois, at more than a mile from the mouth of the River Moisie, and became a ground of complaint to Mr. Hollidny against the proprietor, on account of salmon having been taken in it. I have thought proper to reserve it for the consideration of the llono- able the Commissioner of Crown Lands ; and with this view, I will give a description of the said fishery. It is composed of a net set perpendicular to the shore, but not touching it (it may be about one hundred and twenty yards distant from it), and it is three to four aundred feet in length extending seaward. At the termination of this is the fishery, which is com- posed of a series of chambers composed of nets of two, three and four inch meshes, opening one into the other. It is iti these chambers that the fish being stopped in tbeir course by the cross net get caught, as they believe that by going outwards, and at the same time fallowing the not, they will escape the snares set with such skill by the fishermen. 2 ^ Reaching the last chamber which is the largest, the fish of whatever kind, are really imprisoned; the openin- which coiiiumnicatcs with the preceding chamber being made m the form of a lunuei, die narrow part of which is turned towards the last chamber which if a few individuals may chance to hud, they swim about for a while but always get back iuto the last. It is to be remarked that all tho lower part of these chatnbfrs is made of Det fixed to the bottom of the sea, and so well joined to tho sides of tlio chambers that the fish can find no other outlet than the communication between them. These chambers being from tiCty to sixty feet in diameter, the fish when not in very large qnantities, can swim easily in them, and live in them during many days, and even ireeks, and they have a gre: t advaiita<:o over the fisheries in which the fish are caught by the meshes of the nets, because in the latter they very soon die of suffocation ; the threads ot the meshes pressing so heavily upon the throat that the muscles, giving motion to the gills, cannot work, and the act of respiration is stopped. And if they are not very soon ttnmeshed, at least during the twenty-four hours following their capture, they spoil, and •will not keep, even in the strongest pickle. . . AVhen the fish in the last chamber are U> be removed, tho door of communication with the other chambers is closed, by means of a cord; then with pullies the bottom la raised, and they are taken out with large mcsh-H-oop nets which are drawn out a moment afterwards full of all the kinds offish frequenting the places where the apparatus I am speaking of are set. This fishery is evidently very ingenious, and works well ; but it is very expensive, and to be well set and able to resist the sea, it requires a considerable apparatus of cables and large anchors. When 1 visited Ur. Tctn's fishery, he had already taken in it from fifty to sixty thousand codfish, exclusive of herring and other fish. • On the 28th in the afternoon we dropped anchor near Cape Charles, situated at a dis- tance of 15 miles, eastward of the River Moisie. We had been called there to give help to the schooner " Gleaner," belonging to the firm of Le Boutillier Brothers, which had been wrecked during the night of the 2Gth, on the lecfs of Cape Charles Pcint. During the evening I went with Captain Bernier and seven men on board the "Gleaner," and found her in a very dangerous position; nevertheless, we prepared to go on board again the next morning at hiuU tide, to try and float her by throwing all her ballast overboard, intending then to tow her into a safe harbour. But we had not calculated on a storm. Indeed, we were hurdly on board oui' own vessel, when an easterly wind sprang up, r thick fog completely concealed the shore; and the next day, our an- choring place being no longer (-heltcicd from the easterly winds, we were obliged to make sail. It was only on the following day that wo could approach the land. We were then off Hersimis River, and soon after we anchored at the entrance of Outarde Bay, from which place I went in a canoe to the I'ost at i-orsimis. I remained three days at this place, takin:; the census of the inhabitants of this important station and of the neighboring posts, and also collecting useful information on the fisheries of these localities, it being the first time I had been there. It is known that Bersimis is one of the Hudson's Bay Company's trading posts, and is inhabited by no less than seven hundred Indians. The buildings are a fine Catholic church, the house and stores of tho Post, and about ten houses which the Indians have built. The greater part of them still live in bark tents, which they fold and carry with them in the fall when they begin their wandering excursions in the interior to hunt for furs. There is a resident priest at Beisimis, tho Reverend Father Arnaud, missionary to the Montagnais Indiana for the north shore of tho River and Gulf of St. Lawrence. During summer, tho Indians hunt such game of all kinds as visit every year the shores of the Gulf, principally the harbour seal, with the fat of which they make the seal oil of commerce; and sell it either to the Iludson'.s ]]ay Company, or to traders from Lower Canada or the Lower Provinces. Bersimis River is very well stocked with fish ; salmon are seen by hundreds. But nobody fishes in it with nets, the strong currents, groat depth of the River, and moving sand banks found at its mouth, aff Jidiug no facility to set nets under favorable conditions for catching salmon. According to all the information I received, tho Indians had observed th<' Fi*bery regulations. 11 ■ kind, are really or being made in ; di amber •which i always get back iibt'i-s is uiado of ic chambers that when not in very y days, and even are caught by the n ; the threads ot ing motion to the are not very soon , they spoil, and of communication ies the bottom is iwn out u moment le apparat.u:! I am is very expensive, pparatus of cables y taken in it from , situated at a dis- ero to give help to rothers, which had I'cint. men on board the we picparcd to go ly throwing all her But we had not 1, when an easterly next day, our an- le obliged to make il. We were then )utarde 13ay, from nhabitants of this ul information on i trading posts, and urc a tino Catholic h the Indians have ind carry with them to hunt lor furs, naud, missionary to ;. Lawrence, /ery year the shores nakc the seal oil of ;raders from Lower by hundreds. But llivcr, and moving 'avorable conditions jserved tb.- Fishery At noon on the first of August, wc left TJersimis, and in the evening anchored at Godbout. The next d.iy I saw Mr. Blais, the overyear, and with much satisfaction learned from him that, in the whole of liis division, not a single clau.sc of the Fisheries Act had been violated. This I consider Id h > a satii^faotoiy result, especially after the difficulties we had had with the Indians. On the same day, I went to Trinity and to the lliggod Islands, near Pentecost River, and received favorable reports as to the order and traufiuiliity prevailing there. In these two places, uur fishermen had had but little success in tlie cod-fishery. No American schooners fitted out for the mackerel fishery had yet been seen on the north shore ; they would have done nothing, the fish having suarcely been seen. On the Urd, I went ashore at Cape do Chatte, wlicre I examined the mill-dam built about six miles from its mouth, and found that a fisliway had been constructed on it; with a good flow of water, over which the salmon and trout can a.sccnd without much difficulty. Mr. Joseph Landry, one of the neighbuuriug farmens, assured me that he had seen, a few weeks before, a full-grown salmon a mile and a h.ilf above the dam, which had ascended by means of the fish-way. There seemed no doubt whatever that before the cad of the season, the spawning grounds of this pretty river will bo covered with salmon, depositing their ova, and that before many years are past, there will be as many fish as formerly. We have the more reason to anticipate this favorable result that according to the report of Mr. Roy, magistrate of the locality, no salmon have been this year taken in the River of Cape de Chatte, either with the spear or by any other unlawful means. Walking along the banks of the River of Capo do Chatte to reach the above-mentioned mill-dam, I could not help noticing the fine meadows, and the fine fields of wheat, oats and barley I went through. Really, one is a=tonishe J to find at such a distance from the centre of the country, and in a localiry, which within a few years was comparatively unknown, and believed to be generally untit for cultivation, so rich a soil, covered with splendid forests where all tiie best kinds of timber are found, and a climate which, if not milder than that, at least as good as that of the parishes near Quebec. The parishes of Cap de Chatte, and of .St. Anno des Monts six miles below, with their thousands of acres of land on the r>>ad loading from the settlement on Cape de Chatte River to lliat of Matane, offer a wide and profitable field for colonization. It must be borne in mind that there is a carriagj road along the River St. Lawrence between Rimouski and St. Anno des Monts. The distance from Quebec to Rimouski is 150 miles, from Rimouski to Mataue 50 miles, and irom thence to St. Anno des Monts 45 miles. Jn the afternoon of the 4th, I went to St. Anno des Monts. I met there the salmon fishermen, ami granted them licenses for the fishing statio:.s on the River St. Anne. The Fishery laws had been well observed in this locality. Salmon had been more abundant thero last year, while codfish had been s.en on the shoves only in small quantities. The mackerel had made its appe:irancc a week before, but not in large numbers. Up to this date only three American schooners had been seen on the coast. The whole of the 5th, I employed in visiting the settlemouts at Mont Louis and on Magdalen River. At the for- mer place the boats had caught only 40 to CO quintals of cod, and mackerel was only just arriving. A good deal of l.iud is under cultivation in the vale oi Mont liouis, and 1 saw splendid standing grain This small parish, numbering at the most twenty-five inhabitants, has during the year had an excellent school, kept by 3Iis3 Blai-!, who teaches forty-five children. I had an opportunity of observing both that the mistress has a superior method, and that the scholars were intelligent and generally proficient, considering the short time the school had been established. It plainly appeared that 3111o. Bliis had fulfilled her duties very carefully. It is to bo hoped that the example set by the inhabitants of Mont Louis will be fol- lowed by others, and that more schools will be established in other localities of the District of Gasp6 where there are none, and where the population is large enough to bear the ex- pense of good schools. Whilst at Magdalen, after having given licenses to all the salmon stations there, I proceeded to try two parties accused of having illegally set nets in the river, and on proof I fined them $5 each. Three American sehooucYs, fitted out for mackerel fishing, were in Magdalen Harbour, the first that had been seen. On the 6th, I visited Grand Valley, Grand Etang, Fox Birer, and Griffin Core, compliaints were made in any of these places. No 12 I was told that the cod-fishing which had givcu splendid results at tho bc^inniDg of the season, in quality us well aa in quantity, had become bad since the middle of' July. The scarcity of suiall fish — caplin and launcc — to bait the lines with, was specially complained of; uud it is a fact to be particularly borne in mind that they cannot be dis- pensed with ; because, to use our fishermen's expression, "no bait, no codfish." Very few American schooners had been seen in these waters since the beginning of the summer. On the 7th, having stopped at Cape des Bosicrs and at (jrand Grave, tho schooner anchored in Gasp^ Basin. Up to this date, cod-fishing had been rather unsuccessful in Gasp<> ]?ay, but as there were a great number of persons employed in this branch of industry, there were every- where to be seen thousands of quintals of codfish set on the stakes to dry. The firm of Fruing & Co., of Grand Grave, had for their own share, 18,000 quintals for forJgn ex- portation, especially for the markets of ('adiz, Naples, and Civita Yccchia. It being during the dull season, there were then in the Harbour of Gasp^ but eleven vessels, one brig, three brigantines, and seven schooners, one of which was from the Magdalen Islands with a cargo of dried codfish for sale. We were kept at Gasp6 Basin till the llth, and on that date we reached Pcrc6. On the 12th, 1 visited the fishing establishments of the Island of Bonaventure, where the fishermen had, up to the beginuins: of July, met with great sui cess in the neighbour- ing waters. After that date, bait had become very scarce, which deficiency had very seriously aiTectcd the cod-fishing. The cod did not fail near the shore, and tl e Equid having appeared for a few days previous to my visit, there liad been excellent fishing. Immediately after my return to Gaspd, Mr. Tilly, Coroner of the County, came before me and laid a complaint against George Girard, of Malbaic. He was accused of having fired a gun loaded with slot at a certain Joseph Guuihier, of the Parish of L'Islet, which shot had hit the said Gauthier in tho breast and killed him instantly. An inquest had been held on the victim's body, and a verdict of accidental death rendered. Subsequently, public opinion was strongly moved by this unhappy event, and I was eagerly pressed to make enquiry into the circumstances, which had preceded and accom- panied Gauthier's death. This I resolved to do with the assistance of Mr. Harper, Clerk of the Peace at Percd, and the Coroner, who had come in good time to lay his informatioii before me, as the Criminal Court was to open the next day, and Girard might appear before the Grand Jury, as well as the witnesses who had any knowledge cf the afiair. Immediately after I had taken down Mr. Tilly's deposition, " La Cana'dienne " got under way, and during the night we reached Malbuie. A few hours afterwards my canstables arrested Girard. I caused the witnesses, who might be of some use in the cause, to be brought from Point St, Pierre, and the next morning sent them in a boat, in charge of Capt. Iternier, to Perc£. I arrived myself dur- ing the afternoon, in " La Canadienne." In the morning wc had a dead calm. The Court had been sitting since the morning, engaged with the case of Joseph Ilun- son. Capt. Bernier and some of my sailors were called a^ witnesses. The Grand Jury fouad a "True Bill" against Hunson. But the Petty Jury, in spite of the most convinc- ing proof, the Judge's charge, and the prisoner's own confession before me, at the Magdalen Islands, in my capacity as magistrate, acquitted the man, to the great surprise of all who had witnessed the ease and heard the depositions. As to George Girard, the depositions given before the Grand Jury e.st:iblished that be had killed Gauthier by the shot of a gun which accidentally Went off and struck the latter, and that previous to the fatal accident there never had been any quarrel or hatred between Girard and (gauthier; consequently, the Jury found "No Bill" against Girard, who was immediately set at liberty. This business being concluded, we started on the aficrnoon of tho loth for the north shore of the Gulf. On the next day, I stopped at Shallop Creek, in the Island of Anticosti, and at night anchored near the e»istern point. I took the census of the inhabitants of those two places, and asoertained that there had not been any shipwrecks on the shores of the Island sine* (he spring. ts tho beginning of ddle of July. th, was apecially f cannot be dis- Ifish." ;hc beginning of ive, tho schooner I'ay, but 08 there iierc were cvery- ry. The firm of Is for forJgn ex- ia. Ga8p<5 but eleven ;h was from the uhed Pcrc6. :inaventure, where in the ueighbour- iciency hud very o, and tl e Equid client fishing, lunty, came before Joseph Gautbier, ast and killed him diet of accidental event, and I was ceded and accom- Alr. Harper, Clerk ay his information light appear before 3 afiair. , Cana'dienne " got the witnesses, who erre, and the next arrived myself dur- d calm. »se of Josoph Ilun- The Grand Jury ' the most conviuc- le, at the Magdalen surprise of all who ry cst;iblished that t off and struck the y quiirrel or hatred II " against Girard, loth for the north ticosti, an 1 at night of those two places, i of the Island sine* Salmon fishing iu the rivers had been less succes.^ful than the year prcviou.i, and tho yield a little smaller than usual. Having left Anticosti on the morning of the 7th, we arrived on the same day in Kegasca Bay, on tho north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. On.the 18th, I took the consu-t of this place, and at the same time visited the fishing establishments. In tho spring, tho cod fishing, which constitutes the main occupation of the inhabi- tants of Kegasca had not given half tho products of the neighboring posts of Natashquan, and Kegasca banks, which arc a continuation of those of Natashquan, seemed also on the point of being abandoned by the cod. Fortunately, during a few week- it was more productiv3, and, on the night preceding our arrival, the boats had come in with 5 to G drafts of codfwh each. On the same day I went to Musquaro, and on th;^ noxt anchored in Wapitigun Harbour. On the 20th I visited Etamaaiu lliver, and in tho evening went in a small boat to the Island of Watagheistic. On the 21st I continued my journey in tho boat, and went to tho River Metagarau, where " La Canadicnnc" came to pick me up ; we then touched at Little Mccatina and at Whale's Head, and in the evening, the wind being very favorable, we continued our voyage, coming to an cnchor the next morning at I'Anse aux IJIaucs Sabolns. At all those places where I hiul stopped, no occurrence had troubled the quiet and monotonous existence of. tho inhabitants. Ood as well as salmon fishing had given results sufficiently satisfactory. Two foreis;u schooners had visited those shores. The duties of my office Mid those imposed upon me by tho taking of the census, de- tained me up to the 29th in I'Anse aux Blanes Sablons and in IJradore Bay. As in the preceding years, I visited all the posts, and tried to collect useful informa- tion respecting the fisheries. There never had been seen a greater quantity of cod than this year in that part ot the Strait of Belle Isle. Summer fishing had begun on the 20th June, and closed on the 28th July; and, coosequcntly, had lasted 44 days. But out of those 44 days, on account of the bad weather, our fisliermt'n could fish but thirty-four, and I may give an idea of the enormous quantity of cod caught in the neighborhood of I'Anso aux Blancs Sablons, either by our own fishermen or by those of the Nova Scotia schooners, by stating that 3-> boats employed at I'lsle a, Bois by Messrs. Lc Bouiillier & Bros., durin<; that time caught 408,257 cod. ' = o Here follows the result of three days consecutive fishing by these boats : Ist July, caught 2nd " " 3rd " " Total, • 51,000 codfish. 32,146 •' - 22,540 " 105,6b6 « Many of these schooners had taken as many as 2,400 codfish in a single day. Must wo not, in viewing this abundant harvest, collected in so short a period and in 80 large a field of such fertility (the Gulf of St. Lawrence), and which is produced without any outlay, must we not, I say, thank Providence which provides with so generous a hand a supply for the numerous and continuous wants of man ? What an immense quantity of alimentary substance is contained ii^ these 408,000 codfish, taken in 34 days by 66 men ! And what a noble provision they form when dried in the sun by a process as simple as it is easy, for the foreign countries and warm climates, as well as for the coldest; what wealth and what a fine and unceasing resource for our Canada, which possesses this largo extent of sea shores, abounding every year with innumerable shoals of such fine varieties offish I On the 29th I visited the fishing establishment .of Belles Amours, Middle Bay and Five Leagues, and on the evening wo dropped anchor at Bonne Espfirance. The codfishery had been very unsuccessful in these places, especially on tho banks of Belles Amours, those of Middle Bay and Five Jjeagues ; the most successful boats havinir tnen caught but 40 quintals. ! I!>' Herring was not Been in great quantity. I was engaged tiic whole day of the 3ljth in visitinj;^ the Rirer St. Paul and the fishing eatabliahments of Bonne Esp(5rance. The lebseo of the St. Paul River, Mr. Chevalier, had not succeeded so well as the year before with his salmon fishery, and the fishermen complained of the little success of their Bummer's labor, which they attributed to easterly winds which had prevailed since spring. Herring had not yet been stvn in these localities. In the afternoo:i I visited the Bruise and Vieux Fort Island establishments. At these places fishermen had not been more successful than at Bonn:; Esp^raucc. Bad weather obliged us to lie the whole day of the 30th under shelter of Herb6e Island. On the Ist September we started early in the morning. I visited in my boat the Bay des Rochers and Napitippi River, and afterwards wont to Chicataca, where I met my schooner, and in the evening we proceeded to St. Augustin. On the 2nd I continued my visit to the Posts ; I stoppjd at Paccachoo, Whale's Head, and Kikapoe, and on the next day I brought to a close my north shore journey by visit- ing the fishing establishments of La Tabati6re, Buie Rouge (Red Bay), and La Buic des Moutons (Sheep Bay). At this last place, as well as at the posts I had visited the previous days, eodfishing bad produced only middling results. Moreover, the population inhabiting this part of the north shore incline rather to fall seal fishing, with standing nets made with meshes of very strotg thread, than to other fisheries in use on the shore. During the fall of 1861, seals did not fail to make their periodical visit to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, passing through the Straits of Belle Isle. As usual, they had come near the shores and passed along in large herds ; the fisher- men would have made one of the most succe.'rsful seasons, had it not been i'jr the severe cold which impeded and nearly interrupted their labor. It is known that this fishery is fol'owed in the month of December, and is sometimes continued till the first of January. In spite of all that, Mr. Buckle, of Jia Tiihati^re, hud caught 700 of these amphibious animals, but his fithing is the best and most productive of the whole shore. The product of other fishermen varied between 50 and 250 seal.x. These fall seals are most oi them large animals, and the thick coat uf blubber cuveriug their body gives theai a value of from eujht to sixteen dollars each. By this it is seen that seal fishing as practised on the Labrador coast is an important branch of industry. I had just visited the most important posts of a great part of the North shore ; my duties as Census Commissioner had compelled me to see a large number of fa-Lilies. I had, more than ever, been in relation with the inhabitants of the North shore ; and I arrived at the conviction that, with the exception of two complaiuts laid by Mr. Bou- drault, lessee of the River Kegaska, against parties for having fished in his limits without leave, the fishery law had been well observed, especially the clauses relating to salmon fishing. True friends of Canada, and all those having at heart the prosperity of the Cana- dian fisheries, will be pleased to learn these happy results which portend for our salmon fisheries a most brilliant future. Having terminated our visit to the North shore, we Icfc Bale dos Moutons on the 5th bound to the Magdalen Islands, and after a stormy crossing we anchored at Bryon's Island on the 7th. Mr. John White, the lessee of this island, so famed for its fine pasture grounds, excel- lent meut, and fine butter, gave me the following information : Codfishing had been most abundant at Bryon, as well as at Bird's Island, during the whole season. Mackerel had appeared in the early part of July. About fifty American schooners had stopped there the whole of the summer to fish, with good success, and on the day of our arrival, a schooner under sail had caught a dozen barrels. On the 8th we went to Havre aux Maiscns. During the months of J uly and August, mackerel fishing in Plaisance Bay, with the line, had been very productive to the inhabi- tants of this port ; some of their boat»had caught as n uch as thirty barrels and even more. The wind bting from the West, there were about bO American schooners anchored under shelter of Entry island, all engaged in mackerel fishing. They had fished since the month of July off the shores of the Magdalen islands, but although, generally speaking, eucoess ^■h.ci->vairk>.i< 1.5 of the. 3(nli in oe. veil as flic year ucccss of iheir il since pprinix. lishments. At cc. Iter of Herb6e ftcrwards wont 3 St. Augustin. Whale'a Hearl, Dunicy by visit- nd La Haic des lays, codfishing Qe rather to fall 1, than to other isit to the Gulf rds ; the fisher- !• the severe cold lid is sonictinies 1 Tahatifiro, had )st productive of :50 seals. )lubber coveriug is an important forth sphere ; ray faxilies. orth shore ; and J by Mr. IJou- is limits without atiug to eahuun rity of the Cana- for our salmon utous on the 5tU t Bryon's Island e grounds, excel- and, during the t fifty American icccss, and on the uly and August, e to the inhabi- s and even more, anchored under since the month peaking, aucoesa ful enough, they would not realize large profits from their voyage, because their fi-*h was not all of first rate fjuality, and would bring only a very low price in the Halifax and IJoston markets. At ri'hang da Nord, codfishing had continued to be very productive since my last vii-it. On the 0th we anchored in Amherst Harbour. On the Sou'h side of the island, fishing was stiil giving profitable returns. The .^eliuoiicrs Irom Amherst, as well as those from Havre aux Maisons, had come hack to their fitting out ports, having made very productive voyages on the North shore; th< subsist during the first years of their residence here ; especially let the wise and patriotic advice of the Rev. Mr. Belconrt be attended to — a man who has given proofs of so great a devotion to the Acadian cause. I have spoken a little at length of the migration of the Acadians of Prince Edward Island to Canada, though this may bo considered irrelevant to the subject ot this report; but it is of such importance to the future of our fisheries that the population of the Dis- trict of Gasp4, both fishermen and agriculturists, should increase rapidly, that I have thought fit to give these details, which may be useful to intending settlers in Canada, as well as to the friends of colonization. I am led to do so, moreover, by the fact th in in our cities, and gererally all through Canada, the importance to our fisheries of settling the lands along the shores of the Quif, and the tract which connects them with the main land of Canada, is but little considered or understood. On the 18th I returned on board " La Canadiennc." During my absence at Rustico, the schooner, which had not been able to enter the harbour for want of a sufficient depth of water on the bar, had been twice obliged to weigh anchor and stand out to sea, the wind which blew from the north and consequently full on the shore, having caused on the coast such a heavy swell, that the schooner could not hold on any longer to her anchors. The second time we prepared to sail, the starboard anchor was held so firmly below (no doubt caught in the rocks at the bottom) that in weighing it the chain broke at seven fathoms from the ring, and we lost it. We started during the night, and having a fair wind, anchored at Paspebiao in the evening of the 19th. 1 found only five vessels in tha harbor, but many others were expected from Jersey and English ports, which had been freighted by Paspobiac firms to take in cargoes of codfish. Large quantities of cod had been brought from the North shore, ai^d it was expected that the exportation of dried cod from Paspebiao would be more considerable than ever. 3 are of Acadian '^, lumbering and y neglected. But forest being ex- a abandoned their >ict about it with •mors ihe interior, all the in Some of the ds to b.! bought, jrs; an 1 it \s easy have been divided >rity of the iiihabi- est labor, strictest ■ families occupy- ) of land so occu- t.c emphyteotiqaei) lian families from aada last autumn, ow very soo'i ; and ort, from 1,500 to Bay of ("habmrs. liui parishes of the 1 exemplary virtue. Metapedia llivers, make it (he finest try, and assistance it during the first of the Rev. Mr. tion to the Acadian of Prince Edward ect of this report; lation of the Dis- ipidly, that I have Llers in Canada, as 10 fact thin in our ies of settling the with the main land absence at Rustico, sufficient depth of it to sea, the wind aused on the coast her anchors. The y below (no doubt at seven fathoms t Paspebiao in the jected from Jersey take in cargoes of and it was expected erable than ever. The grain barveecs had been very fine ; potatoes, on the contrary, had in many places' been subject to rot, and the inhabitants of the coast of Gaspd were, in part, deprived of this precious article of food. On the 2:ind, I visited Boufiventurc, tind on the 23rd, Carleton and the River Resti- gouche. On the 24th, I wnt as far in 1' >int Lagarde, with "La Ganadienne;" the west wind would not allow us to (i,it higher up the Ilestigouohc. While I went up the river in one of my boaLs, 1 - nt Oiptain Hrrnier in the other to help the constable sent by Mr. Fair, Magistrate of the Towny^iip of Realigoufhn, to carry into execution a summary judguciit against five parties of the Hartie locality, whom, tip to this date, he hid not dared to approach, on account of the threats tliey h;^ in the tributaries may be efi'ectually prevented. And in this way, only, can tho fisheries of this laree and picturesque river, the roost important of the whjle of Norfh America, bo restored to their former prosperity. In Mr. Cook's Division, there had been no contravention of tho fishery laws, nor in that of Mr. Dimock, of New Richmond, where I stopped on the 28tb. Wc touched at New Carlisle on the 29th, and on the 3Uth reached Caraquette. As soon as I reached that place, I took means to dredge for and take on board three hundred barrels of oysters, which I required to continue the artificial stocking ofGasp with the grratest jKNMible speed. For this purpo&e, I told Capt. Bernier to hire four large fishing boats, with which, on the 1st of October, he went to the oyster beds of Ceraquette, situate about six miles from the place where " La Canadienne" lay. On reaching that place, he hired all the fishing boats he could get, and before night the three hundred barrels of oysters were raised by tho dredge. At seven o'clock at night, the first loaded boat was alongside " La Canadienne ;" the others soon followed. All the schooner's sailors then set to work witli such zeal, that b«fore midnight, two hundred barrels of oysters had been shifted from the boats to t!io vessel's hold, by means of pails filled by wooden shovels and passed from hand to hand. Great precautions were taken to hurt the oysters us little as possible. For the success of the work I had undertaken the year previous and was now conti- nuing, it was important to lay on the new beds oysters having all their strength, smd which had not been exnosed to any accidents aifecting their vitality. It is ktowu that, when an oyster, having its shell injured, luses the liquor contained in it, which is necessary ior its respiration, it soon dies. The remainder of the cysters were put on board on tlin morning of the 2nd At noon, wc wei{>bed anchor, and Kit (.'araquete Bay, Javoied with a li<;ht westerly breeze. In the afternoon, we weie detained some time by calm woathtr ofli^ Shippagan, but at night, a fair wind prevailed, and we started, full sail, towards OnrpC'. On the following day, in the morning, wc arrived at the entrance of Gn>p6 Buy, whrre we were detained a few hourn by calm weather; then there came a northwest wind, with the aid of which we entered Gasp^ Busin at 5 p.m. Early in the morning of the 4th, I caused the planting of the oysters to ho coninienced atGasp^ iiasin, and in tho neighbourhood of the beds already made there. J conducted tho operations in the following manner : — Barrels of oysters were filled in the hold, (taking care not to spoil tlicni), by means of tackle they wtre hoisted on deck, Irom which they were put in a lighter, I'aKtined along- side the schooner, This being filled, (it held hbout fifty b:irrcl8), it w.is towed on the bankk set apart by me, and previously muiked with buoys; then the oyMcrs were emptied Into the water, care being taken to coLstantly ehanjio the position < f tho liirue, in order that the cystors might every where cover the bottom cquully, and before the night was over, two hundred Darreix of ojsiers had been put into the water, in tl e manner already described. On the 5th, before ten in the morning, the rcmai^idcr of the oysters hud been laid on the b«da, 1«m fifteen barreb, which I kept to try a new method of forming oyster-beds, mt jai ife, maiimut»taKmiiMiM4iiimta wiftit ^ jrirg in many lie magistrates :ers, not being t to fish with in force. The new and more the sanction force. It was intended to be in of the New vlth the power arrest on both ; in' the llesti- this way, only, ' the whjle of ■y laws, nor in Wo touched at 3 1 reached that rrels of oysters, . I had already imediately after ith the grfatest , with which, on t six miles from id all the fishing , were raised by iaCanadienne;" li such zeal, that the boats to t}io n hand to hand. was now ccnti- ength.smd which u that, when an neccpsory lor its on thn morning 01 cd with a light calm weather off ardw (Ifif p6. e of Gacp^ Bay, imc a northwest to be commenced I conducted the 111), by means of r, liistincd along- i'iis towed on the CIS wore emptied e baruc, in order )rc the night was e manner already s had been laid on rming oyster-beds, which consisted in placing them on bardies, which are snnk to the bottom of the water by means of heavy stones. Capt. 13ernier, who had conducted the work of transporting and placing the oysters, got a hurdle made of the required size, and after having covered it with the oysters kept la reserve, the whole was laid under water, and kept at the bottom in the manner above described. It is scarcely necessary to mention that the places where these new oyster bods have been laid arc marked out with anchors and posts placed on Mr. Le Boutillier'a farm, oppo- site the spot where they are situated. These operations had been conducted under circamstanoes which give promise of cer- tain success. The oysters ha i been taken and placed on board the schooner with great care and with the least possible delay ; the journey from Caraquette to Gaspi had been performed with rapidity in spite of calms and contrary winds ; so that two hundred and twenty barrels of oysters had been placed on the Gasp£ Banks within 60 to 72 hours after leaving the Bay of Caraquette, and the remainder less than eighteen hours atlerwards. My operations had been attended with a better chance of success than in 1859, as experi- ence had taught me the precautions necessary to be taken to keep the oysters soand ; those now planted had been less tinre out of their native element. This being over, I proceeded to examine the oyster beds formed in 1859. I oaased the grounds marked out by the anchors to be dredged, bat the dredge, being suitable only for a rocky bottom, was too light for that, and I did not saoceed. Nevertheless, eighty oysters, of which one-fourth were living, and seemed to be in the best possible condition, were drawn out of the bottom. They were fat, white and very fresh. They had lost, nothing of the delicate tasto of the Caraquette oysters ; far from it : we who tasted them — some of the principal people of Gasp6 Basin and myselC — found that they were, if not supe* rior, at leav»rv»if~;*- ;C--r«t»' -ISU^i - id for Antioosti. I light-house of hery licenses of 1 to that effact ; nd of Antioosti, ?, oil tho Bouth- ,ad been strictly re we arrived at e family, that of to relieve ship- ', island, and the point, had been )f May, and were rt space of from so come there to isi>ce of the island y were restricted od brought from the prosperity of I miles in length int seasons of the , or even that the permanent estab- ish above-named : ; engaged only in land are thus lost btle there without would have long owards the north. south-east wind, aid not anchor on 1 the next day we ;,hink of reaching . cessity of seeking ve at night. Mr. I, either going for or or Newfound- establishment of great increase of ewfoundiand with 8 which had spent ands with a strong on account of the liate posts between The wind had e, giving us a very miles in ten hours, r foreign countries, igs had »1 ready left loaded with cargoes of the same article. Mingan Harbor is well located to be used as a centre for the fish trade for the north shore, being easy of access and very safe for vessels of the largest tonnage ; wood and water being also easily obtained. The Hudson's Bay Company keep an establishment there, with a store well stocked with goods and provisions of all kin'ls ; and this harbour, which, until a few years ago, was used only by fishing and coasting boats, promises to become biifore long a port of considerable importance ; especially if the increase in fishing establishments on the north shore, between Mingan and Seven Islands, continue to grow at the same rate as during the last five years. It is unnecessary to remark that salmon was abundant in Mingan River, as no nets had been set. On the I6th, we went to Esquimaux Point. The village built on that point already numbers 37 Acadian families, from the Magdalen Islands. There is a Catholic church and a resident priest, and it is intended to open a school there shortly. The fishermen of the place had been very successful sines their establishment there. They are engaged in senl hunting on the floating ice of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the cod and the herring fisheries. There are no large fisheries near Esquimaux Point, but the harbour is excellent, and fresh water as well as wood are found in abundance. This village must increase rapidly if the fisheries continue to be as good as they have been for a few years past. On t^e 17th, an easterly wind began to blow, and forced us to abandon the idea of going to Natashquan, which I had intended to visit. We therefore returned to Mingan, and toward:^ tlie evening anchored at Long Point, where my services had been required. In fact, a complaint for robbery, and another for receiving stolen goods, were, the next day, laid before me by Mr. Hamilton. 1 immediately issued warrants for the arrest of the parties accused, and they were brought on board. In their presence I took the de- positions of many peisons who possessed some knowledge of the case, and who proved the charge against tho prisoners, 'i'he theft being of an article of small value I Mraa willing to admit them to bail, and it was only on their refusal to produce sufficient securities, that I committed them to Perc^ Jail, to be from thence transferred to that of Quebec. Towards night, another complaint was laid before me, for assault and buttery. The accused was brought on boarJ, but it being rather late, I could not settle the case that day. On the following morning, witnesses were heard, and proved that a serious assault had been committed by the prisoner against an inoffensive person, and I fined him in the highest penalty provided for in such case. Tho prisoner, being either unwilling or unable to pay the fine imposed, I was obliged to keep him on board and commit him to Perc^. This business being concluded, we weighed anchor at eleven a.m., bound for GaspiS. We were at first favored by the wind, but it soon became unfavorable. During the whole day wo ran to the south shore, but at night-fall we tacked while off Great Rtang. About the middle of the next day a fair westerly breeze arose and brought us to Perc6 at one P.M. On the next day I sent the prisoners with a guard to the Common Jail. During the day, I visited the fishing establishments. For a few weeks there had been complaints ud the coast of the severity of the season Strong easterly winds, frequent rains and fo;r, which nearly always follows east or south-east winds, had interrupted the labours of our fishermen ; it was all they could do to go to the nearest banks and fish there for some days. Vessuis were drawn up on the beach above high-water mark, and fishing utensils put under shelter in sheds. It was just as if all the fishing works were brought to a close for the year, st'll cod-fish seemed to be abundant on the shores. As to bait it was ticarce, but some might still be obtained at the entrance of the small rivers. For a long while Perc6 and its neighborhood had not been visited by United States schooners. Moreover, a smaller number than usual had been there during the summer. At night we took advantage of a fresh easterly wind to make sail for the Magdalen Islands, where we anchored the following night under shelter of Cape aux Meules. On the 28rd, the prisoner who had escaped at my last trip was brousht before me ; I took cognisance of the case, and admitted tho prisoner to^bail to appear at the next Criminal Court. I visited L'Etang du Nord, and received the most latisfaotory information respecting the aammer ood and mackerel fiahing. It is known that at this seasoa of the year tnis last fish is in all its prime, and that its value is three times greater than in the spring. Each boat belonging; to the port had taken 100 quintals of codGsh, and from twenty to twenty- fire barrels of mackerel. This \ras a fine and rich harvest, and the land had not been loss propitious. Wheat and other grain had been grown of superior quality ; hay had been very abundant. Po- tatoes only had suffered from the disease peculiar tu that root. On the 24th, I went to Havre aux Maisons, which I found nearly deserted. The schooners had left it with cargoes, some for Halifax, others for Quebec. The small dried cod, of second quality, are generally taken to Halifax for sale in the West India market. Tlio dry cod of largo siie, and those taken late in the season and salted in barrels, are especially suited for the Quebec market. On tho'25th, I visited Amherst Island. Our fishermen of the Basin and Mill con- tinned to reap an abundant harvest in the waters south of the Is'and, when the weather allowed them to put out to sea. Through the whole of the Island there had been an ex- cellent crop of grain and hay. In the evening, after havinji; broughf to n close all my businiss at the Islands, I gave tha order to make sail. Wo weighed anchor at eleven o'clock at night, and at eight the following eveniug, aftoi" a fast tiiough stormy trip, we anchored at Perc6. Nothing worthy of remark had occurred since my last visit. The next day, at five in the afternoon, we started for Paspobiac, where wo arrived during the night. Pospebiac Harbor was better filled than on my last visit. Fourteen vessels, of which more than one half were barks and brigs, were displaying their high masts, their taut rigging and their long spars. Some were alrcaly loaded and waiting onfy fjr a westerly wind to fire the patting gun. Some others, with their inulincd masts, showed that they had only taken in a part of their cargo; others had just arrived from Europe, and had nearly all their full cargo, consisting of dry goods, groceries, Hollitml gin, and especially salt. A number of I: oats were brought down nearly level with the water by the weight of tbeir cargoes, some going from the wharves to the vessels, others returnin-;;; some urged onward by a favoreble breeze, and others, obeying the impulse of oars worked by stout arms. Paspebiao displayed, on every side, unmistakable siirns of commercial activity vindicating its claim to be considered as the business centre of the Hay of Chaleurs The easterly wind which had broui^ht us there, had become by the next day a regular gale, accompanied with heavy rain. The sea had become very rough in the h.arbour, al- though well sheltered from the westerly winds, and the boats and small craft could not tuake their appearance there any more. During the afternoon, Capt. Charles Stuart's whaling schooner, after having lost, in Perc6 Harbour, her two anchors, bad run before the storm sixty miles, and was now seen in the offing, with her flag flying as a signal of distress. I immediately sent my lon^ boat, under the command of Gapt. Bernier, to her assist. anoe, and notwithstanding the heavy sea, which threatened to swallow up the light craft, he succeeded in conveying to them one of our spare anchors and in mooring her in safety. On the same day, four other schooners came to take shelter under Paspcbiac Point; they reported that the storm was extremely violent outside. The wind having abated on the 30th, we started for Oarleton, where wo arrived at night. On the 81st, I visited Magouacha and Dalhousie, in order to n:eet the overseer of Restigouche River. He told me that no breach of the fishery laws had been committed in his division since my last visit, and by his annual returns showed me that the River Risti- gouohe had given this year 60 barrels ot salmon more than last year. On the Ist November, wo left Magouacha, and during the night arrived at New (Jar- lisle, where for want of a wind, we were compelled to pass the night. On the following day, we were ready to start for Perc constant during the previous tfirec weeks that we had every reason to hcpe for a change, that is to say, westerly winds ; but in vain. The wind again blew from the cast and south, and almost every day up to the moment of our leaving Gasp^, we had rain or snow. In the afternoon, the mate ft the fsrhooner " Royal Middy," from Montreal, bound to Liverpool, with a cargo of c]0,000 bushels of Indian corn, came to request my assistance. She was a three-masted vessel, of more than 400 tons burthen, and had lost her mizen mast off Anticosti a few days before. After having been driven about by the sea and drifted towards the south shore of the Gulf, sh* had been obliged to anchor off Fox River, where the captain had landed ; he was not able to return on board, and the vessel had got under sail during (he night, under the command of the mate. The vessel being no longer able to stand the sea, had hoisted a signal of distress, and called for help on Gapt. Desjar- dins, of the schooner " H6m6dyne," with which she fell in, and he towed her into Gasp£ Bay. I promised the officers of the " Royal Middy " all the help I could give them, end iho next day my captait; assisted Cnpt. Desjardins to tow the "Royal Middy" into Gasp6 Basin and to anchor* her there in safety. On the 12th, one of the officers of the schooner came and lodged a complaint against one of his sailors who had assaulted him, and had beaten and hurt him in theface; I caused the accused to be immediately bruught on board by issuing a warrant, and night having come on, the hearing of the case was postponed till the next day. The same night, Gapt. Davison, of the *' Royal Middy" came on board to claim pro- tection and asMistiinec. Some of his men refused to obey him and thteatened open mutiny. Already they had refused to work, and when he spoke of discharging them {the schooner, not being able to keep at sea, had to be put into winter quarters) they would not hear of such an arrangement. I promised to help him as much as I could, and requested him to make immediate preparations to l:iy his vessel up for the winter and discharge his men, as we had to sail with the first favorable wind. On the moruing of the 13th, the trial of the sailor of the " Royal Middy" took place before me. Witnc-ises were heard on both sides, and the offence being duly proved, I fined the accused ten dollars, which were paid the same evening. After that, I went with Gapt. Davison aud Mr. John Eden, Lloyd's Agent. on board the " Royal Middy," and succeeded, after much talking, in concluding sati»ank and other grounds, and at the mouth of the Gulf there were scarcely any fish. It is very difficult to supply a reason for this. Are wo to suppose that the shoals of ood coming from the depths of the ocean or from the Arctic seas have failed to find the food and other conditions which they require ? Was there a deficiency of their usual 6ub- sistenoe ? Or aro we to conclude that the caplin and the launce, which olso resort to our shores for the purpose of spawning, to return to the sea after the fulfilment of iheir mission, have deviated from their ordinary track, this year, and made their way through both entrances of tl c Gulf, at the same time, without pausing on the Banks within a hundred leagues of the river, drawing after them the cod of which they are the natural prey ? The last hypothesis is, in my opinion, the true one ; for wherever we find the capelin and the launce, especially the former, we are almost sure to find the cod, after the interval of a few days. On the coast of Gasp£, the caplin, which had made its appearance early in the season, left the shore at the end of June. But for this the cod-fishery wr>uld have been the moot successful known in thirty or iorty yeai-.«. Unluckily, as the fish for bait fell short, the fishermen were obliged to remain inactive while tlie cod was still abundant on the banks, and none but those who succeeded in obtaining muscles and EhelUfish of tho molluscous kind, dug up from the sand and mud of the beach, were able to continue their occupation successfully. In the present year, the shoals of codfish seem to have frequented our shores in greater numbers than ever, and were caught in greater or smaller quantities on the north shore, tfrom I'Anse aux Blancs Sablons to St. Nicholas Harbour. On the south shore codfiiih was abundant at Matane, Metis and as far as Bimoubki. The same at the Bay of Ghaleurs, where the fish were abundant as high up even as Carlcton. The places where codfish has been the most scarce this year are Belles Amours, Sal- mon Bay, the Dog Islands, and Gasp6 Bay. Product of summer fishery, about 135,000 quintals, of which 130,000 were exported to Brazil, Spain and Italy, and the remainder to Halifax. Total value, $405,000. The fall fishing at first promised to be very abundant. The Banks near shore were covered with cod ; squid was abundant; and fishermen, with their peculiar hook, called " TvrltttteH," the people could easily, in one night, .make ample provision of bait for next J day's fishing. During the first weeks the fishing was good, but immediately afterwards { gales and stormy weather set in, which were this year unusually heavy, and accompanied with torrents of rain, fogs and snow. These were perilous obstacles to the prosecution of their labours, lasting from the beginning of October to tho close of the season. They could, therefore rarely venture out, being, while at sea, exposed to the greatest dangers. The boats in use on our coast are but frail, though well modelled, to encounter heavy seas, and well handled by their crews ; they are nbout twenty to twenty-two feet keel and un- decked, and in such boats our hardy.fishermen go out sometimes ten leagues from shore. I need not say they often run great risks, and that their puisuit is a rough and arduous one in the autumn. It is then evident that, under these oiroumstanoes, the fall fishing was not so productive as in previous years. From the informations received, I estimate the take to be 15,000 quintals. Value, •45,000. The autumn fishery fell short, therefore, of the yield of former years, and the markets were visibly affiected by the scarcity of this fine fish, which, in its green state, is principally retailed in the countrv parts, forming a staple article of the food of the Catholic population, during the season of Lent. HEBBINO TISHXBY. (This fishery is alio divided into spring and fall fishing. The first is made daring the moDth of May, with net* and seioes set in shallow water, near tho !B^uks where herring 18 (ttkcD of CJ PlaUi ftnd MllOWfci»M 37 howhere, the the food of stinct of oon- n, were also on the shores ther grounds, the shoals of 3d to find the leir usual 6ub- resort to our I heir mission, through both in a hundred 111 prey ? The pelin and the tcrval of a few e early in the lid have been 1 for bait fell I abundant on lell-fish of tho continue their I ores in greater le north shore, ore codfi!h the same herring which, after having fattened in the gulf, returns to tho Ocean by the Straits of Belle Isle, nearing the shores in the meantime ; or is it another species of the same family ? This point has not yet been decided by American naturalists ; although the last hypothesis seems to be the correct one, the fish not being exactly similar to tho spring herring. Fall herring visits the shores of Newfoundland as well as those of Labrador, from I'Anse aux Blancs Sablons to Gape Gharles, and many hundred miles further up. Some- times it abounds on the north shore, and then it is scarce at Newfoundland, and vice versa. With large seines of sometimes 150 fathoms in length by 10 to 12 in breadth in the middle, and favorable weather, as much as 300, 500, ami 800 barrels of herring are caught. If favorable weather will ailow, the fish to be left in the seine, it may be taken away with a smaller seine from the larger une. This fish must be dressed immediately : it does not keep long when out of water. After having been well cured nnd washed, it must bo salted with great care, in water-tight barrels, or else it would acquire a rancid taste. A Larrel of Labrador herring, well kept, is always worth fiom four to five dollars. What an immense source of wealth is this fishery ! When one reflects that as much as from 600 to 800 barrels of herring, of the first quality, are caught in one single haul of the seine, and in the space of one hour at the most ! I have seen myself, in 1854, a seine set by Nova Scotia fishermen, after having been five days in tho water, drawn out with 800 barrels of herring. This branch of fishing was limited this year to Blancs Sablona and Bradore Bay, and the fish were not very large. For some years, it has been observed that the largest kind of herring visits Newfound- land and that part of the Jjabrador coasts under the jurisdiction of the Government of Newfoundland, rather than our shores. No reason can bo given for this extraordinary fact. All the Magdalen Islands and Esquimaux Point schooners engaged in this fishery with Buooess, as did also some ten schooners from tho parishes below Quebec. Number of barrels of fish ciught say about 5000, value, $15,000; value of spring herring caught on our shores, — 48,000 barrels at $1.50 — 972,000. MACKEREL FISHEBY :Ct.t'^ Like the herring, the mackerel resorts to the shores of the gulf to spawn, and is then taken with nets This fishing is much practised in Nova Sootia, aqd especially in the Gut of Canso. On our shores it is folluwed only at the Magdalen Islands; in the Bay of PlftUanoe, from the first to the middle of June. This net fishing gives but poor remits, ftod it of no great importance to us. Not 10 witb tbf summer &hiog : o^r fisbermw - ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ *>■■ ■ ■ ■ ..,=■■ ' , -:■■ ■ ■ ■■ = throw into the water a kind of paste made with fish oflFal bo as to keep near their hoats the mackerel, which they afterwards catch with hooks baited with a small picic of the skin of the mackerel's throat. This fishery, neglected till' now by Canadians, has assumed a great impuitance in the United States, especially in the State of Massachtisetts, where some small seaports send as many as 1500 fine schooners to the gulf. The finest fleet is that of Gloucester, comprising at least 600 sail. Mackerel was very scarce this year iu the gulf; it was hardly scon on the shores of \ Gaspir boats tbc ' the skin of tance ia the orts send as , comprising ho shores of around the August and 0U8 BuccesB. The summer to be put in f the country, )Tth America. IS while from on, they wore i Moisie. In )f the Bay of last year, the than the year jco gave about alue.«30,23l. it of Godbout (^12 per barrel, ■ }' 50,000 45,000 72,000 15,000 11,200 30,231 40,500 37,508 01,439 17,680 2,400 1,200 1,000 7,200 r30,919 VRENGE, FROM IE, IN 1861. 4,418 2,612 628 English French Italians Americans , Poles Indians Roman Catholics. Protestants Jews Fishermen Hunters Proprietors of beach-lots. 3U» 24 2 5 1 838 3,841 570 2 1,756 1,038 332 Capital employed in the fisheries S699,555 Number of herring nets *' salmon " , Herring seines Codfish " Vessels Fishing boats Number of barrels of herring. fflTst^.^ . " salmon.. J-*; ** quintals of codfish 46 340 14 19 22 774 2,370 1,107* 51,668 gallons of codfish oil 43,858 seal oil. 40.839 Value of furs $46,970 « « u Number of fathoms of seal nets . houses horses cows , working oxen, sheep , " pjg« '•; Value of these animals $2,970 Extent of cultivated land — arpents 67} Number of Roman Catholic churches 9 " resident priests 2 " Protestant churches 1 " resident Protestant minister 1 . 8,178 380 12 65 18 59 STATISTICS OF THE ISLAND OF ANTICOBTI. Length of the island Breadth " Number of inhabitants Horses Cows Pigs Value of these animals Extent of cultivatsd land — arpents. Number of barrels of potatoes... '• bundles of hay " sheaves of oats ** barrels of herrings . .- " " salmon Value of furs FOPOLATION OF THE NORTH SHORE IN 1862. 118 miles. 31 « 67 3 10 11 «6oo „. ;; 60} 181 1,200 100 25 42 1600 FrOBl I'AnBe aax Blanos Sablons to River Coaooacboo inolusive, 648. 30 f In 1853, from River Coacoachoo, there were as resident fishermen, and that during the salmon fishery merely, only the men employed by the Hudson's Bay Company at their different salmon fishing posts, who might number about 150, besides the chiefs and c erks of the trading posts of the said Company with the Montagnaia Indians, and a few Cana- dian families settled at the King's Posts amounting as follows : — J Whites 110 r ■ ' Indians 500 Add the Fishermen 150 ; Total 7G0 Comparative statement of the population of the North Shore of the River ftod Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1852 and 1861 : — PoDulation from I'Anse aux Blanoa Sablona to Coacoachoo in 1861 . 804 ^ in 1852 648 i ■ ' Increase 158 Population from Coacoachoo to Portneuf, in 1861 3,609 in 1852 760 Increase 2,849 Total populatioa of the North Shore, in 1861 4,413 ^ ^ in 1852 1,408 , > Total increase 3,005 These statements shew that the population of the north shore of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence has more than trebled since 1852, that is to say, during a period of ten years. But a thing worthy of remark is, that this increase took place principally on the western part of the shore. Thither in fact the fishermen have repaired, since the Act 16 Vic. cap. 92, has allowed them to establish fishing stations on the Labrador coast without fear of being, as formeily, molested by the Hudson's Bay Compauj's servants, thanks to the protection afforded by the fisheries' protection service. In 1852 (and previously), there was not a single fishing establishment besides those of the salmon fishing stations of the Hudson's Bay Company, between the Rivers Coacoachoo and Portneuf; now they are numbered by hundreds. On this whole length of shore, where formerly only a few houses, scattered here and there, were met with, now more than 300 houses are counted ; there are even small villages as at Natashquan and Esquimaux Point, both founded by Acadians from the Magdalen Islands. In 1852, aud oven a few years afterwards, there was not a single fishing establishment on the coast between Mingan Harbour and Seven Islands' Bay, and not a quintal of codfish taken there, except on the banks of the Rivers Mingan and St. John, which American fishermen had been in the habit of frequenting for a long period; now there is BDt a river, bay or creek unoccupied, and there are caught annually from 30,000 to 35,000 quintals of cod, besides other fish. 11.1 These are some of the results arrived at since the cessation of the monopoly torraerly exercised by the New Brunswick Company at the King's Posts, and along the greater part of the Labrador coast. , , «• Comparative statement of the products of the Pishenes on the North 01 the River Bt. Lawrence, and of the Gulf, for 1861 and 1852:— * Quantity of codfish caught from I'Apse aux Blancs Sablons to Coacoachoo, in 1861, qtiintftls &,535 40 do 1862, *' 9,^80 lQorw9M..i...fit ,,..,...-•.••.••••• W u__ .^■ .waMMlWWIIM W WIlW tl aod that during )iupaay at their liet's and c erks ind a few Cana- Lver iiDd Gulf of 804 648 .. 156 3,609 760 2,849 4,413 1,408 3,005 I River and Qalf r; a period of ten rincipally on the since the Act 16 lor coast without 'vants, thanks to t besides those of vers Coacoachoo ength of shore, , now more than and Esquimaux ug establishment ]uintal of codfish which American >rc is HDt a river, 5,000 quintals of jnopoly formerly ; the greater part of the River St. Quantity of codfish caught from Coacoachoo to Portneuf in 1861 'i"'"'"'" •• 42,133 "•^ (Jo 1852 500 00* '""^aso 41,033 Qttantity of Codfish caught on the North Shore in 1861, quintals... 51 668 ** " " 18.V> <: oV.cn 9,080 Increase 41,688 Quantity of Cod Oil made on the North Shore in 1861, gals... 43 858 1852, " 4!800 lucreasu 39,058 Seal fishing with nets, on that part of the North Shore of the Gulf where it is fol- lowed—that IS to say, from Coacoachoo to I'Anse aux Blancs Sablons, was not as produc- f ^ .JJ^.^^^l- ^' °'" '"Stance, it gave in 1852, 43,950 gallons of oil, and in 1861 only 26,294 " of oil ' 'I- ' Decrease 17 650 " This is attributed to the shore being now nearly all settled. These animaU are now more afraid ofcomuig near ,t than formerly; they keep further out, whero our fishermen cannot catch them with their tackle. It is moreover argued that they are not now so numerous in the Gulf as they used to be, owing to the great slaughter yearly made of the young ones on the banks of NewfoundJand, or in the Gulf, fur the sake of the oil and fur Nevertheless, as a great many fishermen from Point aux Es.,uimaux and Natashnuan hunt for seal lu the gulf, the product uf seal oil on the north shore was nearly equal to that of 1852, that is to say 40,839 gallons. ^ ^ Not being aware of the product of the salmon fishing on the whole of the north coast in 185J, 1 cannot give any comparative statement of this, but it certainly has increased in value since that period. The same remarks apply to herring fishery. BEOAPITCLATION. Products of the fisheries on the North Shore with their value in 1861 : ^°f«.*''JJ>668 quintals $155,004 " oil, 43,858 gallons iQ 71r ,545 ,110 ,172 Value of furs...' TT. ..........'.'... 40070 4,832 seal skins, @ SOcts l!!'.".'!'.*.*.'.'.*.!!!!;'.'." 3|506 " oil, 43,858 gallons 10 7 Sealoil, 40,839 !;!!'!]*.*.' 265 Barrels of he: ring, 2,370 @ 33 .....'.', t'ii « of salmon, 1,831 @ai2 '. 23't3 " of trout, 150 @ei2 I'gC S277 823 Add value of similar products from the Island of Anticosti I,'l79 $279,002 STATISTICS or MAGDALEN ISLANDS FOR 1861. Total number of inhabitants 2 651 Males "■ j'oqq Females ''ZZ^'^^Z^ZZZ''. 1252 Roman Catholics o'qro Pr«foof„„*., ^y^^-^ Protestants. 289 French Canadians 2072 ^°gi« " "''"";;;;:;:;;:;:;:::;;;;:; 'i88 « Ihew 600 quintoU, or there»bQut», were oaogbt by H. B. Co'«. ..rvMU, and uaed •• wiater-food. JT,!.' Tl I '1 ■ ^— ^ . "• ■■.■■„ 1 English 24 Foreigners 50 From theLower TircTiuccs 317 Fishermen 618 Fishing schooners 37 Fishing boats 230 Nets 551 Seines 15 Quintals of codfish 9,134 Barrels of herring , 6,150 " of mackerel 1,271 Codfish Oil 9,490 Seal Oil 21,672 .. Value of Seal Skins and Furs, 82,834. " . ' Value of the products of the Fisheries at the Magdalen Islands : — 9,134 quintals Codfish,® 83 $27,412 6,150 barrels Herring, @83 18,450 1,271 do Mackerel, @ 87 8,897 21,672 gallons Seal Oil, @ 65c 14,087 4,1>90 do Codfish Oir@ 45c 4,270 Value of Seal Skins 2,834 Total value 875,950 P. FORTIN t ' t- ... -»:" n r : i' (■« ■ . f ; ^ ^- ^ ^' % . \^' i - S0 iM. :■:!-' ^'i '^>'X^Ttl-H'' ,,.;.*!a.;' :A„.::h4v . , ., . ^ p . . . > 4-„ . . .A' .i^,. » i»'»i i^ .- ".I- '5 + ,,,-. ,.-,- .. ,.vv*^r,;;j » • 's^ .-.-■ m .'"■ .'■■ ti',^n K. > I l\, Ifi'- ■:.- ?.l.t 'iiMM.J)i^rt:-tjiWW»atiM^ - 24 50 .. 317 .. 618 37 230 551 15 .. 9,134 .. 6,150 .. 1,271 .. 9,490 .. 21,672 ..$27,412 .. 18,450 .. 8,897 .. 14,087 .. 4,270 .. 2,834 .,«75,950 . FORTIN. ^ - V W. .> 'If. > '-fin 1 *s **.**; r