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 '.riM^tilt-Miriirj fe 
 
 »»>- ~u^. avjLuMat. 
 
MiaoCOMf RESOIUTION TIST CHART 
 
 ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2l 
 
 I.I 
 
 '■ 1^ 12.2 
 
 ?.■* HIS 
 
 1.8 
 
 1:25 i 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 ^ /j PPLIE D IM/1GE In, 
 
 ■6S! 
 
 East 
 
 Ma-" Tt 
 
 -ee( 
 
 
 'of'iffs'e'. 
 
 Ne« roi 
 
 
 
 
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 ■ 500 
 
 -- Phonff 
 
 
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 288 
 
 - 5989 
 
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 M*f> 
 
1-2 EDWARD VII. 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 A. 1802 
 
 REPORTS 
 
 KATLWA^^ COMMISSIONS 
 
 RAILWAY RATE GRIEVANCKS 
 
 AND 
 
 REGULATIVE LKGISLATION 
 
 BV 
 
 Profess. 
 
 :vr. i.EAN, Ph.D., M.A. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 ^ PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST 
 
 ^^ EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 1902 
 [\o. 20rt— 1902]. 
 
cT .-^ 2 ^-^ ■ ^ 
 
 09500116 
 
 ^mwmm. 
 
 Kir«Sv:;?'^'v" 
 
1-2 EDWARD VII. 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No 20., 
 
 A. 1902 
 
 HKPOHTs 
 
 EAILWA^' COxMMrsS ION'S 
 
 HAILWAV |{ATK (ilJIKVAXClvS 
 
 RHGULATI\'H IJ':(;iSLATIO\ 
 
 in 
 IT. . I. .!.«,„• r-. .1. M. I,1-:aV. pi, a.. M.A. 
 
 H"ii..iiialilc A. (i. Mi.MK. 
 
 OttilWH, Cilll.Klil. 
 
 'I IA» \, <l\l.. K.l.lllillA 1(1. |,S|)1,. 
 
 c.,,nn„s..,ns as H,,,ii..ai.,.. „. Ca„a,k aM,i i,„ ,ii ,-:':z::. ^x!; :t::£':z 
 
 I lia\.' Ilir liiiiMiiii' III h,., ,j,.^ 
 
 N'oiir olu'i|i,.||| >civ,,i,i. 
 
 "^ •' M. i,i:.v.\. 
 
 TMK .iKNKIi.M. .M;,; ,>, ,.;^•,• ,.,„; ,..\,,,uav COMMISSIONS. 
 
 «.s ';;i:':,:;",';::,;,l:^H::n :t::z;::::::tz „ .:;;"":'"""^" "^ ■■^"- ''-'">-"t 
 
 att..,„i,.M was .l..v,;„..l ,„ s,u.|, M„ .rs .;:::, r f'"" ^''""^ '^tU;,tU,u. \VI„.„ 
 
 -^-'-' ^•""! "'-' ■• .i.-i.„h„. ;,■.,;'„:;:: w;w :;,;::, ';:;'i:nv"^'"'''"'^' 
 
 Til" iUKvs ,,t , ,iiii>.liti..s ill .',.|i,ial W..1V s,.ttl,..l 1 ., ,1 •' """r''f'f'V'' t.inrs. 
 
 «n.. .i..,.,an.i. T,,.. ,„.■.. of ^nuav r;;*:; "l: 7 "• i:';;;;;;;!;;;::;'^:'- ^ "^ -.-p'y 
 
 111'- iuni|i,.titi,,ii ex still.' i.f,.\. 111,., ,,1.;,.,... ,,v r/ ".""""" '" Mimj.f maiitUT. 
 
 ti..- sanjf,.,...,. it «.s as:,!,:, :, :v, ;,.::;:;; '^''■: "■ ^'-"•"' •-r '-•'"♦-'^ 
 
 f.u- lailrna,! s..,vi,-,.. .(. i „n,.,.ti ,,. ,,.,vv,.,. „i iv-a.-.l t„ (l„. iliai-cs 
 
 .iin;:S'^:;:7;rp,::,.;:,::':-:;';;;-T.r,^:.::rS,i;^^ ^ 
 
 "'.t |avs,.,it in full ton-,' i,i rail,„a.| trnns,,,,,',,,!,.,, ^, , , '" '"'■">' " "■■'■'■ 
 
 •"-' '■ "lio, .1. uttiTitiii hi. ta„„.„s stat..|.„.„t •wl,..r,. . .N ^"'- ^'l' ^-is.,,,. ll„. 
 
 tu..>i is i,.,p,.s.ibi,.; ,1..... at,..,„i„„ t.;s.!,.:,i„:1, :''';";"," ':r"''v '- 
 
 ot ,:,„M,vtitivo ,,n„oi,,l,.,s ;„ tl„. transpm-tah,,., u.ti ,,',""'"'- "."■ ^'I'Hi.-t,,,,. 
 noilnn^, : t.. the inaj-.tity ther. was L t.ansp,, tat p,-., , " "'"''>' "'" ""-"^ 
 
IIMI.W.i rs AXD U.iyAl.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A 902 
 
 T)u' ••(uliiT |"'iiit of \if» Hit- (lull tlti' I'liilriunl whs iitiili'i' ihc <l<>iiiiiiatiiiii ut '.ir,,.,,.. 
 
 I'H'fcliM' inii.|i'titii>ii III' ijilli'ivnt 
 
 wiiiilil U 
 
 titivc fnlTf". It »iis tl iiulil lliiit thip-' 
 
 iiiillviiluiili nil llir iiutilli. ., lit' till liiiUuv iiiiii|.any, tliiifliy liii.iiiiiiliriiii; tin- |iu1,1k- 
 iiiti'ii'stx. 'I'lic iilmiiliiti' iii'c-.'««ity of iiliifiiil ciiiitriil «iih imt ii|i|ii't'riHli'i|. Tlir ui'IiithI 
 |"iiMt iilf vlr» »iis tli'it I'liiiiiM'titiiiii Hiiiilij fxisf nil tin- iiiilwitv as it iliil nil till' raiial 
 lystfiii. Km'Ii hIii'Ii it »as«ifii that ilii- iiii'tlnul ut' I'lmtiul was iint I'H'i'ilivi-. tin- U'liff 
 
 ill iiiiii|M'litiiili was liy nil iiiraiis (fivrii ii|i. It «as |in|i<'il that liv iiii'iiiis nt' ["'fiiiff 
 
 liiii's thf ii';{iilatiiiii cif iatf« wmtlil In- nlitaiiliil. 
 
 'I'lif iiiii-iiil |Miint ill all ilisiussiniis ruiiri'iiiini,' railway ii'i;iilaliiilis i^ ||ii> rale cir s- 
 tiiiii. Till' ••xtri'iiii- inili\iiliialist |Miiiit nf xirw is that railway ratrs shmilil Im' allnw.-d 
 tiiailjiist tlifiiisi'Ui's thriiiijfh tlir rxririsc nt' iiiiii|ii'titivf tiirii's in tlif saim- »av as iIm' 
 |iri(i-H iit'i'iiiiiiiiiMlitics ill >;i'iii'r.il. Thi' iinralli'lisni In'tuis'ii tlir iiiirihaiit and tlii' railnmil 
 i'iitii|Mtiiy is iiii'xiiii. Ki'iui'i'M iiirrrliHiits f lirif i. luiiif i'Hi'ftiM'iiiiii|n>titiiiii tliaii l»t v\|.,.ii 
 railriiinls. 'I'lir |iir;;i' aiiiuiiiit iif lapital ili'iiiaiiili'il liy riiilnuiil iiuistriirtinn, adili'il t'> 
 till- i|Ufstiiiii iif situation, iiiakrs ihi' riiilniiiil an iTiiii.nnir iiiiiiiii|hiIv. 'I'lii- priii's ilnnyisl 
 
 iiikIit such I'liiiilitiiiiis will U' mi a iiii>iiii|Ki|y, imt nii a i inMitixi- Ixisis. Tlii' iiri'sciiii' 
 
 lit' ilitl'i-ri'iit n kills til sii I'xti'iit iirt'si'ts this: Imt rvni hi'ii- thr niiii|»'titiiin is l,.ss 
 
 ftl'fi-tivi' than in nrilinary luisiiirss. Tlirri' laniiiit U' tin- saiin' fits' play uf siipph- ami 
 (ii'iiiaiiil. Till .ippiirtiiiiitii'K t'nr rhuiri' Ix'twccn < an ii'is liy tlii' ship|ii'r ari' iniiili nmt'i' 
 liiiiiti'il than art' till' npiKirtuiiilii's for I'liiiiri- liy tli- liiivcr In ui'iliiiarv liusini'ss. Tin' 
 'iiianil is ri'lativi'ly iiiiiri- iiru'i'iit ; tin- supply in prii|Hirtiiiii to tin- iIcmuiiiiI is li'ss. 
 
 It may !»• iir^'i'd that tlir flli'itivi' way In tiintrul rates is tliiiin;;li tlii' I'stiililishin^^ 
 of ('iiiii|H'tiiiK liiifM. Til a I'l-rtaiii i-Mi-nt this is ••tl'.'.tivi'. Hut the liiiiitatiuns must lie 
 Ixiiin- in mind. 'I hi- i'iiiii|H'titiiiii is nut nf th<' saiiii- nnttiii- as in iii'diiiar\ luisini'ss. In 
 rai In Hiding' it is nftt'ii thi' wi'iiki-r riuid whirh fnni's u|h>ii tlir striiiij.'i'r nuid ruinous 
 riiiiip;'titiiin. The wnikcr nmd, wlit'ii in a liankriipt riinditinii, has nntliin;; to liwf and 
 evfrythiiiK tnfjain hy slashiiiK rates. The rest raining.' iiiMiiencent' suhencv is nut pit'seiit. 
 In t'liinieMM to railroads whieh aif Holveiit, reKulalion of rates ihrouKh sueli ('oiii|>etiti<iii 
 nIiouIiI not !)«• relied u|Hin. Such coin|ietition is not for the U'st IntereKts of the public ; 
 through the Huctiiations in rates it renders liiisiness thictualinj.'. A>,'ain, such coiiijK'titiim 
 cHiinot l)e reliiil u|Kin iis a constHnt re;,'iihitor. The .stronger road iiiav l»' forced, in self- 
 defence, to ohtain control of the weaker und Imnkrupt coin|ietitor. 8 ich wu.s the case 
 in regani to the relation U-tween the New- York Centr. I and the West Mhore. Even 
 Were the coiii|H-tiii); lines ei|ually solvent the de|><'ndence U|Hin continuint; ett'ective coni- 
 jH'tition in futile. Kach rotid occupies a ijuasi nionofMilistic |NiMition. Although coni- 
 |H'tition may exist for u time, yet in the Imij; run the roads will tin-l it more convenient 
 t<i enier into ajfreements, foriiial or infori.iiil. The rate wars are in t ]M>rnianent. Recent 
 exjieriei.oe in Catiada in connection with the lelations l)»'twe«'n theCmnd Trunk an:! "he 
 Canailian Pacific are in |Miint in this connection. The evidence presented to the Kn>^ , ,n 
 Select Coinniittw on railways in \HH2 shnwed that there was no ett'eitive com|>«nition 
 U'tween niadn. Tliev hiul found it in their intere«t t<> enter into a({i'e»Miient.'* (Hept. 
 Evidence Qni*. 2,90+ A- .■l,ft96.) 
 
 The argument is often nia<le that the railroad's interetitH are the intere.st« of the 
 people it serves and therefme the road may always lie looked to to adopt the jxilicy 
 which is best for all. Theoretically this essential identity of interest does exist ; in 
 practice some limitation must l)e made. A railway may consider it advantageous to 
 build up one community or one individual at the expense of another. What the rail- 
 way wants is traffic. If it can obtain this in bulk amount fro" .jne ('on'munitv or from 
 one individual instead of from a number of scatterefl i mm.. _8 or individuals, then 
 its interests are better advanced because it obtains the traffic and at the same time the 
 cost of management and handling is lessened ; the net iinitit is under such conditions 
 greater. 
 
 The argument as to unity of interests as a preventive of evils has to face the exis- 
 tence of preferences, discriminations, rebates, and the evil effects of uncontroUwl com- 
 jietitive rates. The preferences, discriminations, and rebates are the means whereby the 
 road is enabled to centralize its business and enable it to Ix? more easily handled. As 
 business is organized to-day through rates must be lower proportionately than local rates. 
 
HHI'OItT ny HMI.WA y COMMI.ssinX.s 5 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20« 
 
 Otli.i«i-.r tlir 1mi,iii,.,s 1.1 |„n,. ,,, !»■ !,„,,;. •'•|i.' tli.Hi;ili i,,| mriot Uai i, .• r.tir 
 
 th.' 1.«hI l.ii.mrw .1111, HJtli.Mit ■MiUti^iilml lintin luiiiu >I..m.'. Tlii-, h..»>'V.T. !■. nn 
 
 ttlKUI.i.Ilt in r'llV.Mll ,<i lllf |>.>Ni|in|| liiilt tllr llHIll tllllli.' '.Ili.lllil l-' lltMlllly ll|H.'l||||jll>lt<'<l 
 
 BH«in>t Hii ||„. ^loiiiiil llial nrir int.. i, ...ih|«liliv.-. u|iil>' llii' i.th.-r is ii,',t, Sii.li 11 mtf 
 
 ' '" " ' ■ ' ■ 'Ttii' jIltrlfsiM i.f' Mile HiH'cil's lit' IllltJir 
 
 i-< II iimttiT not inililli-n-nl In tlm 
 
 liniM |;|iU licff lis ill lit her |i.s|«TtK 
 
 in ri-<|iiifi't| .li will U-jit suit tlir JntiT.-ilH i.f ImiIIi. 
 '■aiiiiiit U' n-aniiliil iiM ilii' ijiiniiniirit fiirtm 'I'ln 
 
 Jiulllil'. Till' llHKIIlllllj I'HHt'lltill 
 
 If 111.' iinnintnill.il .ipnitiiiM nl .iiii|»titivi' ,,iiii.i|.l.'» I..is.m| <m self jntir si .-an 
 
 imt s,.|t|.. til.' .|ii.'sti.iii. .'Hiin.it inil I .., .'rat.' in tli.'ii .'titii. , s.mii' .itliiT nii'tli.Hl must 
 
 Hlijilv. Til.' Miiitt.'i- ..»' r.''.'iil,ili..ii lias l»..'M f.ir.',',| t<. ih.- li.,nt in r.'.'.'nt yiar«. • N.. 
 ^{.•n.ial .|ii.'sii,,ii .,f i{.n.'rniii.'iit |H.li.'y .«'.'ii|.i.'H at this tiiii" s., |ir<iiiiiiii'iit 11 |.la.'.' in tli.' 
 thi.iiulits nf il,.. |K.„|,|,' „s that ..»■ .'.inti.illinu tli.- st.a.ly u'i..«tli ..t' an.l t-x i.lin,.. in 
 riui'ii.'.' .if, .'.ii|»ii'al.' |«i«.'r an.l .if icifulatinK it- ii'lalmns i.i tli.' inilili.'. f lt|>t. ..f t':il 
 liini ( '..niiiiilti .' iif IhS.") ■ii'i, |,. .1.) 
 
 " r|''«Hi"ii t.i til.' I'si'iriw .if v.'W'iniii.'iii ivuiilaliiin.i\.'r riiilriuKl ti'ans|Kii'tali.iti 
 
 P""'" !■• "11 111.' anNinii|itiiiii that iiiilii.a.U arc |ii nat.' Imsin.'s, ..raiini/:iii..nH, unit tliat 
 
 HU. h i.'ifulati.iii is a \i.ilali.>ii ..f |iiixal.' iiu'lit-. This |,.,Hiti<in ,h fall n,. It miisi U 
 nMii.'iiilM'r.'.| that Ih.' railway .N'.'ii|ii.'H a .liial |i..siti.in ; it is n.it ..iil^ a IhkIv ..ri.'aiii/.'.l 
 
 (•■ainti-y an.l the must u-if.irm i|t'M'lii|im.'iit .if its iisdui-.t's. K.ir a fiiith.'i- 
 exaiii|.l.. U'aiiiiK on tl;i' [mint that tli.'s.- iiiti'trstM an- ii..t always in I'-wntial harmonv 
 thf f.ill.iwina M'liy !)<• fitcl. Th.' I'litin' n.'t imrcas.' ..f |..i|.iilali.iii, in tlif |«>ri.Nl |M7()' 
 lC"J(», in Illinois, Wiscnsin, Iowa ami Miiitifiota. i'X<'.'|it in the n.'W sirfioti. whs in 
 cities anil towns iKHHcssim.' .'.iiiiiM'titiv.' rat. s : all thus.' ha\ini.' nmi .■oiii|N'titivc nit.'s 
 decT.'as.il in |ioiiiila>ion. (Slu'kn.'y. Th.- Hailway l'r.ilili'iii, p. tiu',) 
 
 Till' ri'jrnlatiw It'visl.itioii which has Ix't'ii pa'ssi'd in various r.iiintrics, shows that 
 till' UMc|Ualiti.sl U'li.'f in un.'ontrolltMl .',iiii|K'titi.iti as a ri^'iilativ.- princiiilr has |«iss,sl 
 
 ttWttv, l!r;;iiliition of Slim.' sort iiiiist .'vist. Ins .' .'.mntii.'s it is .'x.'ri'isfd tlir.iiii;li 
 
 tilt' JStHtf .iwiiinj; th.' railways. In otii.r .'.iiintrii's it has Ih'.'h a|i|ilii'.l throinrh s|i.'<'ial 
 organizations. The .|iU'stion .if r'';;ulati\.' ..uitrol cin Ih' iii.'t in .111,' of two wavs, Stat.' 
 owni'rslii|i or Commission ri'j.'iilatioii. Then' is n.i iiii.i.ll.' .'.nirs.'. 
 
 The att(-tn|it to rf;,'ulHt.' such matter tliroii^fli |i.ilitically or«aniztsl Innlies lir - not 
 guc-eeedeil. The ri'^ulatioii is .'sseiitially an administrativi' function : an iiitermii,.-lit": 
 of this with i«)litical duties l.'ads to lack of harmony and etiiciencv. The re;,'iil««^Mi ..f 
 the niilriBid <|uestion, in the puhlic interest, .lemanlls t.shnical training' It d";"indM 
 all the tini.' of those en^jaged in su.h matters. They should Ix- concerni'" n.uof.i' .i>!i 
 the s •tiement of ;;rie\aM.i's wh.'ii they arise, hut uls.i with an atteiiij , lo pri'v.-nt 
 grievances. The duties of |Militical .itlicials luevcnt the ex.'icise of such fuii<:i:;ns. 
 I ndei a system of privati' .iwnershi|i an.l manajjement of railwaV'S, the only etficient 
 nietli.Hl of c.ititrolliny them in the puhlic int.'iest is throujjh .'ntriistinjr such 'matter to 
 zed KailwHv Commission. 
 
 an etiicientlv or;,'Hnize( 
 
 |{K(a'L.\TIVK POLICY Ol' VAIUOIS COl'NTUIKS. 
 
 All the pi\ilize<i countries of the w.irl.l recojfnize the necessity of some form 
 of reu'ulative control. On the continent of Kuroiw the .|uestion i.s dividiHl lietween 
 government ownership and jirivate ownership. Where the former exists the whole 
 matter is manifestly subject to rcKulation. Where private ownership exists then- 
 is also cstiitrol, in France the initiative in rates comes from the comi«iny ; the Kovern- 
 nien' has a veto uimii thew rates. 'All tariffs are submitte<l to the min"istry of"oublic 
 works and their acceptance or rejection is determined by a committee, c'lm; .ise.l of 
 
It A 11. WA YS A X/J CA XA I.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 piilili.- anil niihviiv ollicials sitfin.' uii.lcr thf i.ivsiil..i,i.v ,,f tl, , . ■ v 
 
 ;:::;,r:;ts;::r;;;:r;k-;:n:.r:-"'""--"-''- 
 i..i,is ;™"'ii' ,,',:;;;,i''""'''' "" - ' ■■ "<"■"' "--■■-•■> --i^ 
 
 1" t';:;;'™;;;; :;: ;i: r :s ■"-'■ -"- »- ■ 
 
 »,:;;:: ,„i?;;;r?:'-,:i:;;,.'":,:;;™;; • '■•■■ "- '"»« "•■•■ .■,,„,„ ,ii-,...,.„,„; 
 
 :;r r:/;:/; :r;™',,,''r,,''- -' '" '■•"■ '■' ■ '•'*- .>' -i ' i\ .':; 
 
 Tlii'ii' (\\- 
 
 r.\c;i.isii I'or.Kv ss\> i:xi'Kiiii:\cK. 
 
 * ''"* '''*"^' "*( "Millions rt"^nKc*I tl. -it ti. .. 1 III ' . .11 "*^'J- 
 
 l.ills tl„.n.af„.,. a .-laus,. .,.„„; ,1^,. 1 ' ''",'"''1 ';" '"-'■""' ^'\"^^ .-ailway 
 
 Fn.n isi ', I M.t,....M.-,s «,.,v t.,ila.M..i, (7 and S Vj,.t.. ..,1.. I'd, t <H>\ 
 
 Mmmmmmm 
 
 with ,-xiavssin,r,l„.l„.|i,.f.,|,.,. .,„,'■ '"""''. '" '"' " ""■■"'x'l'. <"nt..nt...l itself 
 As ..arly as l,SK(, f,.,.!i„^, i„ f.ivnnr ..f .,»nR- f„n.i ,rf ■ I' ,;i ,■ ■ - ■ , 
 
ItEI'OUT OS IIMI. \V.\ Y COAfMIMsjoXs 7 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 electix .. J, I,X4( «„„lK,r .•,m.nv..s.u,„ whicl. was ,„ ,„ak,. .•.■,„ rtstu parllannnt ,„. 
 a .,. ...ut.ons tor ra.lr.«ul cl,urt..rs was a,,,„,int..,i. Tl,.. l.„a,-,|, l,„s ..s,il,li.l | Va 
 al>.hsl.,..i ,„ a yar. I, , ,..,1 „f Uu, n.ml, w..k a,.,l f,,.. li„l,. ,,av.' In |,s .„;,„, ' 
 
 Tl>.. rul.. against univaM.Mal.le ,,n.for,.mM.s, whirl. Im.l 1 „ sH f,.,tl, in tl,,. liaihvav 
 
 Uaup.s Con.s,,|,,la,,.,n A.t of l,s,5, was n.„..,.at,.,l i„ ,1,.. A,-, „f .ImIv !(., 1.:!,, ^ xX 
 
 VM ..1 that >n he ras.. ot .-oma.ctu.K Im.s liatli,- shonl-l l„. |,aM,ll..,i and forwanl,..! with- 
 
 o.au.>r..asonal.l.-,l,.|ay,an.ltl,at,,ool,stn.,-,io,,s w,.,-,. to !«■ ,,la.-...| in iIh. w v /. „ 
 
 mu.a.s hn... ot ,„n,nn,„„.ation I, was i„ovi,|,..| ,|,a. in.li^ i.in'als a.^,.i;.,.,| ,hn „. , a • 
 
 M,.Ia ,onottiu.|,rov,s,ons o, ,|„. A.t l.v a rail, I n,i.^ht hnn.^ s„i, ' i„ E„..|am Ito'^ 
 
 Court ot C„„n„on 1 Vas ,n hvlan,! .0 a S„,,..,.io,. Conrt, an,i insT-otlan,! to , C >t o 
 &>ss,on,,r toany,urlj;,.ots,H-h,.o,,,,. If .1,,. l'.oanl of T.a.l.. issm.,1 a ....til tt. to tl.- 
 
 At orn..y-(...n..ral ■„ I.vlan.l or KM;:lan,l. .„• ,0 th. I.,nl A.lvo,.a,.. in S-o, H,.,, n , 
 
 ^.olat.on o th. ,„ov,s,ons of tl,.. Act it sho„|,| U. lawful ,„,■ ,.itl,.M- of th.-s ' o li.n M 
 apply to th.. courts alrca.ly .ncntioncl to try an.l ,l..t..n„inc the n.attcr If tl," ,un 
 foum that the prov,s,ons of the Act ha.l l.een confavencl. then a writ ,., in ,n ■ , 
 nnght b,. ,ss,..l : a penalty of J(l(, po„n,|s per .lav was atta,.l,..,l to a fail,,r.^, . ■ 
 
 .njuncfon Th.s Act ,.stal.lisl,...l tw ..Ii„. p,,n..ip|es of .a.h-oa.l r..,M,lat a, (1 w' v, rv 
 
 compiny shou ,1 In- con,p..ll..,l to allo,.l the p„hli,. ,|!.. f,,,! a,lvanta...s of tl,. '.'•. „v,.ni..n 
 
 an.l sh.ml.l. n,ak,. e,p,al n.t.'s to all „nd.. tl,.. san,.. .■ir,„>„sta„....s ' 
 
 In t..,rns ot th,. r.H-.ann,.;n.lati.,n of 1^,, whi.-h provi,|,.,| for tl„. a..,|„isi,i,a, l,v tl,.. 
 
 M..te ot the railways, on ,l..,„,...i ,..,,n,s, at the ..n.l of tw..ntv-.,ne v.. as, l.s.in sh.,„i,| 
 
 ave 1...... th,. y,.ar tor such punhas... A i„yal .■ .nission which wasapp.,int...| i, t l,a 
 
 year report,..! a«a,nstth..a,lvisal,ility of ..x,.rcisin. th.. r..s..rv..,l ri^^htsl'f th.. ('.'vlrn 
 maM^r .,f n'^ul^iir ' " "" '' "" '■'■"■'""""■'"'"' i""« "^ i-iiportance i., .•o„n..,tion with th.. 
 
 The n,ov..n,..nt for a .-.an.nission with s„tli,i..nt p.,w..rs t,. han.lle ,ail«av n,atter.s 
 I a,l n..a„wh,l.. 1h.>„ ;;a,n,n« .M-o„n,l. Wl,..,, tl,.. A.t of l.sol, (•anlw..|ls A.-t ' ha-l Urn 
 
 the J{..ar.l ot I ra.le the p..w..rs ..t th.. f.,rn„.r (•on,n,issio„ havinj; lu;-u t,.ansf..rr,..l to it" 
 As has l....n s..en th.. .|uns.h..tio„ was in r..ality ,.o„f..m..l up.,n tl,.. .-.ant of Canraon 
 1 leas an.l up.a. th.. ...,„rts .,f si,„ilar rank in Ir..lan,l an.l S..o,lan,l. This tl,r..w on u" 
 courts th,. a.lju.h.at.on ot n.any .p„.sti.M,s .,f a t..,.l,nical railroml natur.. : an.l the ...mrts 
 show,., t „.,„s,.|v..s unw^i lin. t., u.ap viti, any ..x..,.pt tl,.. ,nor.. ,lis,in,.,lv 1 .,".1 . " e, 
 
 whuh,nN..stij;..t,.,|,.a,lw-ay,.,a„ht,o„s,h,r,n^' IS.;.V,i7. saw this ,litlic„ltv l„,t n,a,l,. no 
 ...nclusiv.. r,.,.o,nn„.n, lat.on. A ..onnnitt... a,,|K,int..,l in l.sTl' r,.p.,r,...i that th.. onlv 
 
 :;;;;;;;;:;::..;;:'■ "^"^"-^ '"-"'- - •'>• '"''-"'"- - -■-'>• ' ^-^ ^th 
 
 are al f ,'."l low s ■ '"''""''"'" '''"''"-"* ••■ '''i^ -'oMnoitt..,. U.arin- on th,. .|„,.stio„ .,f ,.,.-ulati,,ii 
 
 (I) That a syst..n, of ,..,ual ,nil,.a;;,. rat,.s ,,r cliai'-.'s in pi-on.,, 1 i,,,, to .li^tanc,. was 
 .nexp,.|,.,„t („) ,t jvoul.l p,...v..nt railway .•.a„pani..s low..ri„.Mh..ir far,.s an.i rates, so 
 as to con,p..t,. w,th t.ath,. l,y s,.a or hy ..anal or hy a sl,ort..r .a- .,th,.rwis.. ..|u.ap..r rt I 
 
 ^^ay an. woul.l thus ,l..pr.v.. th,. pul.h,- of th,. lK.n..|i, of p..,i,i„„. ,„„, „,., ,'.„;;;;;. 
 
 yt a l,.Kit,n,at.. s.a.rc,. ot protit. (/,) It w,.ul,l pn.v..„t railway .•o,„pani,s ,„aki>,.. iK..rtW.trv 
 ta,rarranf:,.n„.ntstorearryin^^atalow,.r raf. than nsuiduo.nls l,r,a,.'ht in i;ir.'..r oV 
 
 Uista.at. (,) It w..ul,l c,.n,iK.| a e,.n,pany to carry for the san,e rat,. ov..r a lit,., whi.l, 
 l,as l».en very ,.vper)s,v.. „, ronstru.tioM, „. whi.h, f,,an jira.iici.ls ..,■ .■th..rwis,. is ve. y 
 ,>xiM..,s,v,. „, working, at the san„. rat,- at whi.h it .-arries ov,.>- l,.ss ,.xp,.„siy,. lines " 
 
 c.Ll..u,lJ t* T/"v'-"'*' !'*"'' '"''" ''as,.,i upon th.. actual est of the railways an.l 
 caliulat.'.l t.i yield a tair r,.turn upon su<.| st was inipia.ti.ahl... 
 
 
• ff.l/A, IIM rs AX/i C.I AM f.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 (.!) Th.t thr ,, Ian nf MmxiiMmu .•l„tr;r,.s jm.l 1.....,, a fail.n • an,i that s„.|, mtcs 
 
 th.-l,.,l a,. ,va] ,„•„,..,,.,„ „. ,)„. j,„,,ii,, si„,.e,|,..y wen-aiwavs „x,.,i s„ hi.^l, ,1 a s. , ,' 
 
 ?;■; T Tl'."" ""; "'Vr?' "'' ""• '•'""l»'ni..s .,, ,.a,Tv at low..,. ,.at..s. " 
 (*) Ihat there slioulil Ix^ |ail>liiitv c,f rates aii<i l(,i|s 
 
 intere'/ '''I".'I 'V'"'^ """"";' "r "•■;"''"' '" "'^" ■^'M-wsi-.n ..t- the ,rans,,..rtati,.„ 
 inte.eMs .1 theK,„j;,l,.,„. atHi « ,H, authorif v t.. e„f„ree ll,e laws rc'lati.e' t- r.ilwv 
 
 ;;;:l;^:::;:':;/;:Juav'r;;!:E:,;'"'' """'^' '""^■'•" -'^'- pa-haL.;:':;-,: 
 
 llli: li.MIAV.W (O.MMlssioN. 
 
 <(iM MISSION i.i;i:isl.AllON. 
 
 m,ss„,,,ers was to he experie.iee.l in the railway l.usiness' T ,„,iss on rs Zr^Zt 
 
 t thex hel, l.nvestrnents ,n sueh , ,,anies at the ti, ,f their a|,,„.intMH.nt th ev wen'- 
 
 to. sposeot then, w.th.n three ...onti.s; an.l if .h.H,,. th.-ir teniil „i o,h'.. a, v sm^h 
 
 '1;;;;, ""'^' ""■ ^■'-'""— -..ts «..,•.■ t vot,. an th,.ir .in... to th,. .h,ti..s of the 
 
 C.,|.,plai.,ts a.isi„^. un.ler the .\ct of IS.H an.l miKs..,,,,..,,! .\.-ts. „i,h ...fen.n.e to 
 
 att.Ts ,.t ra -s an. ...,„al ta,.liti,.s, ini^ht .-on,.. U-fore the Connnission .■ith... ,,, tl e 
 
 .tiatne ot the party a.^uneve,! or .,,„.„ a eertitL-afof the H„ar.l of T.a.iealle.l n t at 
 
 thee ha.l heen a v.olatton ot the .\ets in ,,„..stion. „r upon -on.plait.t of s, rne t n 
 
 aut^,on...d t,, tnshtute pr.K......lin.s l.y the Hoar.l of iLle. n h. .ri,: n, I i s 
 
 an.l n ..n„re,„j: ,|,.,.,s,.ms the Ca ission was to haw the pow,.,- ,„nferr;i u .' 1 .' 
 
 courts a,..l jml.es, ,n re.ar.1 t,. sueh .natfrs. un.ler the .V, .,f Isn ta . ,,"' u 
 >..„>lar wr,ts an, ,a-,iers. Kxe,.p,, in so far as the eourts «..,. ,.all,.,| u ,n ,. ,, ^ ^ 
 
 t;::z:£:L~7^:!t'-'-' - — .,.n-.s:ii,.t„a:'i:;:r:::^ 
 
 , ^^'Ix^n a -•o.nplaint was institut.d aj;ainst a railwav ,„■ ea.ial r,.n,|,anv t h.. ( 'o„„.,ission 
 
 3:: ;:r;'::;r;:;^ ""■ • ■■• ''- ■ '"'-<■ -^'' ^ !■ <•■> i ": "-- "" 
 
 \Vh..r,. ,,n,ler any i:e,,,..al ,,r s,,,.ial \vt |a„vision was u,a,l,. f.a^ th,. .vtVrenn. to 
 ur.itrafon „ ,|,sputes hetwven railway ..on,pani..s or l...t«,.,.n .-anal ,-. n. anies . 
 
 betw...n a railway an.l a eanal .-on.pany, the tnatter at th.. instan...- of 1 I^'ti 
 
 h.; e.,n>pla,nt an, w,th th.. ..ons,.nt of the eon„nission..rs was to Ik- hr. e't T,!t e 
 . Co mnnss.on tor .l..t,.rn,mat,.,n. In th,. ,.as.. of ,lim.r,.n,-..s U.tw.vn su,h 7 n, an i.' s 
 
 r;;;!!:;r:::::;-;;: ''•'■''■'■"'■'" ''^ '•-•-•''- ^ - - --t ,. t.,,. "ir: 
 
 Pow,.r was ,^i^en to h,.ar an.l .leterinin." ,natt..rs arisini; in .-..nneetion with t..nniM.,l 
 .•harp a.i.l to -leeul,. what ,.,.nstitute.l a r..asonahle ter.ninal .har,,.. | >e,. us l' 
 this 1 ea.l «er,. to U- l„n,l,nj; ,.„ all eourts an.l in all k-al pro.-,v.li,ts 
 
 .vM,plll;s'3.Vth. "■:"•""■' V'"''ir-' "^' —-kin,' a«r....„,ent; U.tw..n i-ailwav 
 ...npanu-s, an, .,t the exi-reise l,y railway ...onipanies .,f their p..wers in relati.m to steutn 
 
 ofTS w:r '-'^"7""f-;'-' "1- tl- I5<>ar,l of Tra,l.. hi th.. Uuilw^u Ck^s,: ^^ 
 ot lt*(j.( wer.. n,)\v tninsferr,.,! t<i th.. Coniinission. ' " 
 
 Eaeh railway an,l ,.aeli eanal e...npanv was r...,uir,..l to k,.,..,. in a IxH.k .i, ssil.le t., 
 
 tui ::;,:' i^'"' '''" ''"''""'' "" t^ ''""^-^ ^'■"■" tiitXil: ■,;: ^^^' j: 
 
 emrw ,' V "'"""f'"" '''"''' "" *''*' 'M'plication of any interestol j^rty %ere 
 
 VWi ';."■'■ •"''■ '■"■"'"'">■ '" "'''"''•" tl"-^l'a.%'es- making, up su,.h rates 
 
 V lolutions ..f this provision are subject to n Hne of £r, p,.r .lay 
 
9 
 
 HHI'OUT (IF IIAILWA Y COMMlssiDXS 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 t "iii|,hufils iiiijilit l«. Ii.-anl l,v til,. (■ i.Mnri ,.itl!..,. : 11- 
 
 "■■l>li-.i..n„f,. party „. ,|,.. ;,,|,.„„ H ^ ^ ! '^ \: !'' '' Vi' •''' ''T/'''' ^ "" 
 
 «c..v,,M,.,tio„^„t•t■,>•t. I't'HMin, Ul,„ll «r,,.,|,„.stl,,M, „t h,« nM,| uln,l, 
 
 i^.n'w'it;i:i:;:;j::,:",:;;:;;;;/:;j'-::--- " ' i^n,, ,,.,,„.,. ,, 
 
 riirlliiliicMt. ■ ' "" "'^^' lilri'tlli;; i .f 
 
 i' - -i-n....! f. I!.,.,. ,„ ,..,■:; ;.,„,;; ;;:•::"'■•" - - "■"" - 1■>-^ 
 
 as ^a,i.fM,.„.nly as |,a,l 1...... aM.M-i,.,,,..! , mI V -L ""n"" T" '"" "•"■^"'- 
 
 ':n-;:z. ^ '- ' .---•"":;':;.•; :;:;■•:;:: ir;^:';^;::-' 
 
 "- !-' ;■ "^ i-'-'i" a<KaMta.;'i,; ;'i- „ ';: : '\J:.::t;::::. rv'-i'--"-- 
 
 l«'tvv,...„ railway .•o„,,,ani,.s an.l tl„. ,,.,l.li. ,,.. ,""'■',"'"•'" "'"" i"'^'"- 
 
 u-Ji '■"—':'"' ''^.. n,a, ,l„. ,■ i.,„„ ,,., , „„,,, ,^^ 
 
 •n,at,l,,. ,„,.,.,. ,„„, J„,i.,,i ,„^^ ^,f „,„ ,, ,„^^. 
 
 '•"'l"ay ,„. ,.a„al t,afH,-. air.rtiM^ pass,.,,.-, Vs .,'..',,,, K ' """" '"'' '■'-'-"•"- 
 
 ('') llnM,iakiM,i;„f„nl,.,s wl,i,h ,„„v „,.,,.s'sitat,. th.' .■.M„„.,-.ti,,„ f , 
 
 ......:;: ;;:;,;:;;;.;?,.::;:t .:-:;:-;■[: r t;..;:;S-:,;. --• ^^ - '' -- 
 
 •■I ""' .~i'"iitii];r iit'ilamaiivs and ivd'v'ss for ill,..r.,l ,.| ' , , 
 
 .■.*.;^' ';:t;,^;:;:;;;:x • ■ ■ ' - i'- ' i^S;::'..;';::;,':::;::': 
 
 (,'/) lliat the rail«av ■oimiiissi is sl„,i.i(| ,l..|i\,.|. ^,.,,.,,..,, ;,, i 
 
 '. '-'-^':^r;i:;"^r:r;-:^'^^^^^ ^^^ .,.„ 
 
 '^'.i-v.nd,;anai'Tn.H,.anH..oth;: :; ::r^: pi :i ''■; '^^ 
 
 ti- c.„„Mn.si„„ was ; '. i :;: ' " "■'' ""%^ '■" ""'''•■"">■ ""ti'-^i. i.. tu,,,,,. 
 
 previsions of , I,.. V to' stV < I'""''-11"'- t..r .nal.ility ,„■ „,islH.l,av„i„.. Tl„. 
 
 - ' -'^•■-i'"i"™»"4;=i;irr;;;;:!;!.:7,::,!:i™;;;;:;^ 
 
10 
 
 ''■^ff-'ytys ,t\DCAXA/.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1902 
 
 -..,.nn.„ .,,„,n.ny ,„..,!,,,, „,,,,;;;-: 'J- ^^ <V<>'^><u':: 
 
 '"''''!- -..V fH. ,„...s.',„.,| r., H^M J '^■''^''"^■■'''^''''•^'■'' 'I'i^ 
 
 :'::iri.^:"rK;;r;-:rrHTrr 
 •-™;i;:;-;':^,;;;™;'::l,:^ 3•"is■'::S,;lr■;;:::;- 
 "■■•I-- "... A,., „, ,»;:, ,'., „,„ ,„;,";;■'■>"■'■" If I ■•• .-..ii..,. .•„„i,.i„ .:,„;, , 
 
 .'■;":,■■„■; i''':'''','''v ""■ i-v ■•" - .1 . ;",«:."",'"r • ■■ > ■".'»' 
 
 -■ ;.i i;';iJ-'i„ II:: ;-|:;;"i:;;t:;; :'"""V"^''"'-''~" ^'-^^''^ 
 
 ;' '""";»"- «..■■ Li... t.,i:,v,., ,;, " Z'\ " '"■ "--■"-"'■ -"'i' .I......L..' ,, , ,^. 
 
 =n;;;;;:-„..™-™- •' v,... 1a:z :r:.z ;;i;r;l,;:";i: sn, ;;^: 
 " ■'-";=:'"*t,Sr:;;;:;;:i;,r "«"™i - ,..„. ,., ,„. ,„ 
 
 .■•.."..,:':':;:„:•"" ^ ':• »■ i-"a.....°.T .; ■ ,;r,r,";;,." ""i' r'"-- •■ 
 
KHf'Oin ox luif. WA y , OMMlssmXs 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 '!.;"H'y".:;;::t:::;;:;,:!::,;;-^ , ,„„,„. 
 
 ar- a,,,,.,i,„,.,| l.v ,1,.. ,^.,,,,1 CI,,.,,,;.,,,." ;■">'"- ">" "' ""■I"'-- -.ftl...CV.MMMiss,„„ 
 
 llii' iimttfi- lit i. iw.. i; ; i ■ ' 
 
 iliiipiiriit. 
 
 I\1'<T1S<.S .,f til,, ( 
 
 T.d:''7:ril:;::rt^ >. -.. , k., , .„ „ 
 
 .-nt ,s aft...- tl,.. ,.assa„. li ,i,.. .V ' ;" " '" ' '" ''' 'I ';'' ''■n.l ,1 j. 
 
 •l-Hv imli.-afin.. i„ th.. latfr , .n ,^:^^ 
 
 •"••"t .ann-t U. arriv, I at u'lJ,,,: *''''' "" :'-'V""-'t if ,„.ssil,|,.. „■ ,„ ,„„.,;. 
 
 -.•.„.it a .atisfa,.t..,.v an.'^! :,' ■•::'.:';::/::;' '''h''' •""'"•'■ '^ "- - v:!.... 
 
 -■'''•'•'••'M.y tia. H„anl itsHf. .m, S .. ;: h ';""'""' "'"'■'• ""■ — ^.'hm, is 
 "^ .I--'-"t.-l to 1'a.liar.a.nt. « , . su "i '':" T '■'■'""": "-"'-' -"'' -— ^- 
 
 t... tla. railway .....panv. n,av ilv " . ' t : h! a 'P' ?'V"',""' 'r "'"" -' ''"^^' """i •- 
 
 ..r -l»;.lul,. an,..,„|,..| U, ,|,;. a.i,U., t. ' J" 1 .':,.' 'j"'" "' '^ -'^l' .•l-si,i,.ati..n 
 
 .•t.T„nnat,on of tl,,- M.,anl of Tra.l.. i„ tl i V ' '," '■'''■^•, '"""'"'" "'■ """-^' "-^^'-'v 
 
 .VM-,„,| ,.„|..s with r,.f..,,.,„.,. t , ,1 ! ,,; „/' 'V : ""■'■■ ";'"" " '" "■""■ "-l<" "-'-I 
 
 "t tl.,. ,.„l..sof ,1„. Connnission, "'"■"' "'"' ""'^" ''^^anli,,.. ,|„. J,l„„i„i„,, 
 
 Tlir'„„jh n„f,;<„,id l!,.„i,.... -fn ...is.. ,,f ,U .,, 1 
 ■a' way ...anpany or ,„.,s,.„ ,|..si,in« . ,1 t . 's I. ",""" "'"""'' '""" '""' ''"""- ""• 
 '"''"•"t.' to tl,.. forwani;,,. , >pa,?v I , ■ ! ""-'' '""' "■' '"'"'•• ^'"'il Hrs, 
 
 -""■"••"■ "ti,as,„„ iH.,.,ra,.,.i,'- ;;;,"•"' ■""■ i""i'-<' ^ if w,ti.i„ ,..„ .,„vs 
 
 ■•;""I""iy. tla.n th.. „,att..,. shall ,, , • ..■ , ' , '7""'I'-'".v -r |...rson an.l ,1,.. torwa.-iiM. 
 s-oners ar.. t.. ..o„si.l.„. wh..th..,. th. „■ , | t^r^TT '"'' '''"■'^'""- '''''" '""""-- 
 ■H.lway ..on,,,ani..s ,|,. „„t „„,.,,,, „^ /, ' ^ , ' " "' '"'!■ 'T '""-'"al'l". Wh..,, ,!,.. 
 
 •'1 •■'-■"■■I ^'y th.. o.nunis;i::;' ,',;;;;; ;:;x''^ 'f ""■ "--«i. -t.. it is to u. 
 
 to .-onsMi..,. all ,.in.„,„stan,...s ..f tl> J i ' 'Z/ "" ' '""" "'- ■•""""i-ion....s an. 
 '.•'""pany to a,.....,.t lovw.,. ,Mil..a... rat..' tan, '•""'" "'.""■' ''""" *" '"'"I"' ""'^• 
 
 >t..a>n ^..ss..ls ..l...rati„^.iM,.„Hn,,ii,.„ v^i I, . ' V ''"' "■'"-^l-'itatio,, ,s ,.tr,.,.t..,| l,v 
 
 ';■'■■•<■'' -...-s s,,' 1, cas..".Iso. .;.':„' "• '•"■'-'^- '-■ -anHl) th..,. th.. , .r ..,„;. 
 
 tl...Con„„issi.,„ as to ,at..s ,■„ ,t .s ■ ' '"'""• "'' ""-''■'f^ »" '"•'•"I't th.. .l....isin„ .,f 
 ,vfusalor ...■^l....t.tl,.. ,;is^^,^ ;''|:;7;''''"-'^^ "'•■'■'■- no, ...as.,,, f.,r ^,,..1, 
 
 «t. Tl... C'o„„„issio„ ,„av .... I, i; , , ' ^•''■'',""^'^'" ""■ ap,,li..a„ts a. th..v s,... 
 ;'lt''"MMh,. p,„.,i„„.,f .,. ht,.l .,, : I'r'' •''■:r'^-"" -.i-ta,„l r..as..„al.|... 
 
 ' "■ f... issi„„ shall ...a.si.l.^ . ./it •/''■'•!■'.■"«■. «l';tl-.' .1... |„...f..,.,.,..... i, „,„,.„. 
 
 '-'"-ai" th.. fatH.. i,. ,.,.sp,.,.t , ,, j T'"'.' " '" l'"' ''"''''- """'■'■^'- "' •"•'•■'■ to 
 
 , "|"> '1""« a.al short I I' ,.|a„,s. 
 
 Ha.rs.. of tl... l„t..rstat.. Com,.„..,v,. A.t app..a,.s. |, 
 
 In IH>t 
 
12 
 
 HA/ 1. WW ys AX/t CAXAl.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 i> Iw 111' ini'liiiji'il III till' nii'iiliT. Ill tlii> ics|«Tt It II". Iiii'^, till' • li.ii:; ami sjiiiit liaiil ' 
 
 claiiM' lit tlic .Ma>-.ailiiiM'tts l'".'i>latiiiii. 
 
 Till- iail«av> may iliai",c uii'Up lati's. 'I'lic iji'ti'i'iiiiiiatinn wlirtlii i tlii> iiitis as ^i. 
 aiiaiii.'fil ciiMstiliiti' ail inidiw |iiitVii'iirf is in the liamis nt' tlw coiiiiiiissidiii'rs. 
 
 Kacli railway is i'i'i|iiiii'ii to kicji its ;;, ii"ial (■lassitlcation of iniTriiuiKlisi' ami 
 mIiimIiiIc of lati's ojirii to |>iil>lii' iiis|iiM'tioii at i'Mtv station whiif ;,'ikmIs arc r('Cfi\c<l for 
 loMM'yaiici'. Karli railway is rnniircil witliiii one week after a|i|ilinitioii i,,,iclc in writing' 
 by a lu'isoii \\ ho lias slii|i|M-<l, or intrmls to sliip, ^o.mIs ovrr tlii' railway in i|iii'sti(ai 
 to iiiakf an it' inizi'il stati'iiii'iit of tlii' cliariii's maili'. in wliicli tlir tcriiiinal cliarv's anii 
 
 till' iloi'k (■liaiL;i's. if siK'h arc iliar;,"'il. shall Ih' ilitVcrcntiatni fi tiicchar^'c forcoincv 
 
 aiicc. 
 
 Any coiii|iaiiy inlciiilini; toinakcany increase in rates shall ;riM' at least fourteen 
 ilays laililic notice of the intciiileil cliaiii,'e Ky |iiililieation in such manner as shall Ik- 
 l>i'esci'ilii'i| liy the iioanl of 'rraile. No charv'e shall Ih' ellccti\e unless tiiis notice has 
 Im'cii i;i\eii. Any ioiii|iany failiiij; to coiii|i|y with the |prinisioii in this res|iecl is lialili', 
 on siimiiiaiy coin iction, for each olleme. ami for each day such olli'iicc cuiitinues. to :> 
 (leiialty not exeeedinv' I'-'i. 
 
 PUKSKNT (KNDITION IN KNC I.A N H. 
 
 01't:l: \l loV OK TIM. (oMMIssloV l.\\\. 
 
 It may lie |irciiiisei| at the outset that iiimiecli.ite reitilicatioii of all tl x ils cNislim.' 
 
 is not to he e\|iecte(l from the o|ieialioii ofaiiy C'oinniission law. 'I'lic e\ iN that have 
 s)irinn; into existence as a result of freeiloin from rc;;ulatioii are too ileep seateil to le 
 
 settleil at '{'he reasons for fallilij; helow the stamlaril of e\]M'ctations. if such 
 
 failure is show n. are attriliutahle hothiolhe ma^'iiituile of the loncrete |iiohlem to U- 
 dealt with, and the nature of the law w liicli attem|its to deal with the |ii'iilileiM. Weakness 
 ill the law may xitiate the e.\|iected ri'siilts. 
 
 The i|uestioii.s of diireieiitial rati's. e.xorhitant rates and of diseriiiiiiiation in favour 
 of foreiitn trade a^rainst home trade l,a\e occupied an im|iortaiit place. hiiriiiix the 
 jioriod hetwecn \S'\ I ssi' the i|Uestion of diHi'ieiitial rates occupied a prominent place 
 ill the piihlic attention. This i,. eluded ImiIIi the matter of local discriminations anil of a 
 lesser char;.'!' foi 'oiii; instance tratlie than for short distance tratlic iiiidcr tli" same cir- 
 cumstances. The matter of preferential rates iM'cu|iied a considerahle part of the time of 
 the Conimissioii in 1.><,'^(I. The select coinmittee of |SS| •_' which was appointed to 
 imestiitatc this matter <lid not ariiveat any \ei'\ dcliniteconchision. hilHculties arose as 
 U'twii'ii the larecr airl the smaller shi|ipers. the fornier claiming tli t as a result of their 
 larger shipments they were entitled to hetter rates than the smaller shippers. As 
 re^tards the matter of the • lon;t imil short haul' it «illl)e seen from the summarv 
 already yiven that the power in the hands of the ("onimission is discretionary. In the 
 exercise of this discretion the comiiiissioners have priK'eeded on the lainciple that it is 
 not so much the dama^'c of the ]iai'ticiilar individual as the daiiiai.'i'. or otherwise, to the 
 ■.'eiieral jaihlic that has to lie considered. And proceeiliie; from such standpoint they 
 have not uniformly iiejjatived such arrun;.'i iieiits of rates. 
 
 The i|iiestioii of exorhitant rates has .dsn oci'U]iieil ciaisideralile attention ithiii 
 recent years. The aifitation aj,'ainst pieferi nees, which was laominent in l.-Oti, soon 
 took on another jiliase. All agitation for a reduction of exorhitant rates was 1h';;uii, 
 there heiii;.' a desire for a ,L,'«'li''ral reihietion of rates. 
 
 The peculiar position occupied by the Knirlish railways, which are at aliout three- 
 fifths of their stations ex]iosed to water coi)i]ietitioii. liroujiht u\< another important 
 lirohlem. There has U'en, and is, in Kiijiland much complaint Ix'caiise the foreij;ii 
 liioducer is eiiahled to place his commodity in the Kiij.;lisli market at a iiiore ailvanta;,'eiius 
 rate than the home piiKlucer. The American priMlucer of uriii'i. "hose <;rain is sent into 
 Kn^'land at thiouuh rates has obtained at times relatively iM'tter terms than the English 
 producer. In the south of En^jlanil there has U'cii a special complaint. For example 
 
I.-EI'OHT O.V AM//. l|-.( >• rtiMMIss/tiXs j3 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 til.' Ii(i|i> i.t Kiaiic-r aiv hrnii-lil into lonii..! it ii.M with tlii^ lioi„ ,,t' K,.;il. I'"ivri.-li liui,, 
 Imvr [•.•.■II |.la.v.l in \U,- Kii-lisli niaik.t at i.ii.> lialf tli.' nit.' .'•Iiaiy.^.l t'l.r -imilai .|iiaiili 
 
 tics ..t' Kiijilisli l.,,|„ wlii.li u.Ti' .•aiii.'.l tn.iM iiit.T Mat.' |..)iiit>. 'I'li.. ivav.n tor tlii~ 
 
 li.'^ ill til.' fait that tlic Knii.'li |.r.K|iiit iiiav Ih' l.i,.ii-lit to l...iMlnM l,v wat.r, wliil,' tli.' 
 Kii-lisli .'.aiiiiiiKlitv iiiiist !«• linai-lit hv niii It' tin- Kii-Jisli lua.l i, t., ,,l>taii'i aiiv -liaiv 
 ■ if thi^ tfa.l.', iiii.li'f th.'.s.' i'..M.Iiti..ii>. it miisi mr.'t tli.' watiT lat.'. 'I'll., rail aii.l wat.'i 
 
 lat.' will Ih' .'.lual t.i, .ir i...ssili|y l.'ss. than tli.' «al.i lat.'. Ii„|ri mi.I ihliti.ni- th.' 
 
 tail p.iiti..ii .if the rate will 1m' I.-s-, than tli.' tail rat.' in th.' .as,. .,t il,.' Kii-N-I. u' i-. 
 
 altli<iiii,'li th.' lattfr may In' .arii..! a sh.iit.'r .li-.tan...- hv rail. 
 
 ■rhi-iiii|...rtalit .|ii..sti,.n th,. ('.,iiiiiii..si,,ii ha- to la,.;., has 1>,., n that ..t ralr-. 'I'h,. 
 
 *-' iissi.in has ii.it s.,h,.,| the rat. .|ii.'sti,,n. Dis.i iininatioiis v.. I ..\i-t aith.ai.'h |...r 
 
 s.,i,.i ilis..|.iiiiinati.i||s hav.. practi.'ally .'..as,..!. '{■h..l,„al .iis,.| iminai i,,i,. ar,. ,,f i", ,1 
 
 an.... ' 
 
 'I'll.. rat..,|U..>ti,,n , n,.,.ts its,. It' with th,. ,.ii..Mi,,n ..t' ,la-iti,.ati,.ii aii,l r,.MM,.n ,.t 
 
 iiLixMiia. 'I'll,. |{.iar.l of Tra.l.' -rai.|il...l with th,. niatt..r an,| th.. ihaM..,.s «,.,,■ ,„a.|,. 
 ..tl,.,.tn,. in th,' l.,'-innin- ,,f IMi;!. 'rh,. ,.|a,siti,.ati,.n ,.f th,. railroa.U «",. r,,!,,, ,..| an.l 
 mail.' iinitolin. .Vt lacscnl tli..r.. ar.. .i.'hl ^'..n.ial ..|asM.>(.\, (!, ( ', I.:'.;;. |. -".i. In 
 th.' ivvision ..f th.. maxima th.. ,..,niiiiission..rs, ai,|«iint.'.| \\,f ;li.' st.tru". |.ro,.,.,.,|,.,| fr.,i,i 
 
 ii.i tr.'n..ral p , ..-ii,).. hut simply ..mpii-i.-aily. 'I'll.. ,|u..sti,,n .,f r..visi,,ii hi t :..,,n,. 
 
 iH'von.l th.. r..\isi,,n ..f th,. maxima. alth.aij.'h th,.r.. is in v piai t.'is a .L'sin- tor a 
 
 ri'sision ,if a..tiial iat..s. 
 
 •'I'll.. C'onmiissi.in has ,,n th.. uh..|, fiiilij!,..! its fiin.l i..n.' 'I'o iii,li,.at,. what it has 
 
 -Ion,. It will 1„. JH.st t.. tak,. lip lirst th,. .l.f,.,-|,. |,n,.r lax in- .tr,.ss , ,1, „„| 
 
 fi'iitiin-s. ' 
 
 It must Ih' |.,'iii,.m'i„.r,.,| in th,. liist pi.i.... that, althoii-h th.. t.,tal raihwiv M-t..m of 
 Kii-lan.l f.'pi..'si.nts only som.' Jd.liOd mil,.,, that it r..pr.s,.nts a .-.anpait ami ).,,«, .rful 
 int..i...st. 'I'll.. Iai.>:.. inv..stin..nt of capital, th,. st.adinc.ss ,,f th.. Kn-lish l.iiMn..sv sv-t..iii, 
 th.. p.'|.man..ii.'y .,f th.' traH;.. a-r....|ii..nts s.,m,. ha\ in- i..niainc.i in op.. ration f,.r f,,iir" 
 tc»'n y..ais uiicliaiif.'...l. th.. (|..liinil.iti.in ..f ra;ir..a.l 's|,li..r<.s of iiiriii.n,... ili..r,' iM^in- 
 a ilivisi,,!! ,,f t.-rritory iM'tw.'.'ii th.' .litr.i.nt liii-s all co-opcrat.- t., L'i\.. th.. Kii-lish rail" 
 w.-.N system a p..iuliar str..ni,'tli. 'i'licr.. has n..t U..'n th.' sam.' |...a.liii..ss of a....'ii..s,-,'n,-,. 
 Ill the .lictat..s .,f rc-ulativ.. law as in .\iii..|.ica. Ali.l tli..r.. has l«.,-n a t..n<l..m.v to c,,n 
 
 t.si th.' .1... isi.aisof th.. V missi.in. if n,.t t., : .'P,,r.. tli.tii. T,. th.' c..ns..rvativ.' tr.ii.l 
 
 of Kn-hsh -ipini,.n, which, tli,ai-li pinwrtiil •vli.n ar..us...l. is iiormallv a...pii..M.,.nt, and 
 toth.. fa.'t that th. roa.ls ha.l f..r a l.iiir tiin.. 1h...ii frc.. from anv .^tlcctiv.. r....iilativ.. 
 contiol, this attitii.l,' must iiiiiloiil.t...lly h.. attrihiit.'.l. This attitii'.lc has In^cn lii'lp.-.! tin 
 h\ th.' fact that nii.lcr the .'arlicr thcny .,f th.- railway law which still has force in 
 Kn-lan.i th.' railways occupy a i«>sitiiiii anal.>,,'ous to that occupi.'d l>y canals. rn.ler 
 th" larlier tlu".iry they mijiht ..n-aj.'.' in th.' traiisp,,rtatioii liusin.ss tli'cms,.lv..s. or th.'V 
 nii-ht allow otlieis to make use .if tli.'ir tracks on th.' payment ..f.'.rtain t.ills. Th.'coii 
 s.'i|ueiice of this is that if the t'.iiiimissi.ia liiids a rat., u'nr.'as.inalil.' and .l.^ilm-.s what 
 rat.' shall l>.. r.'asoiialil.', th.' c.anpany may tall Unk iip.iii this pow.'r and say that it is 
 n,it .'nj.'a^'...l in the transpoitathm l.usin..ss an.l that it is simplv allowin;; its tra.ks 1«. 
 used in return for c,'itain paym.'iits ; in this way it has th.' iiiilividual shipper at its 
 mercy 'x'ciiiise, altliou-li the slii]i|,er has th.' option .>f usiii- his own .-ars an.f .'iiirines in 
 the transjioi-t of his -.«kIs. few shippers ar.' in a ]iositioii to take a.lvanta-.. .Tf this: 
 
 under such circumstances tl'.e jiay nl of the oliiiixious rate with.mt further protest is 
 
 he lesser .'vil. This is h..'.. 1 on l,y a teclmi. al d.'fect in ih.' phrasing ,,f the Act of 
 IS.SS. Section 24, which n.ak.'s jinivision for the suhmittin- of a r.'vls.'d schedule of 
 rates an.l char-es hy th." railway, inak..s no nwiition of t.ills. The )'oar.l of 'J'rade has 
 tak.'n th.. p.isitioii that uii.ler the A.t it has no jurisdiction in re-anl to tolls. This has 
 r.'nil.'r...l the w.ir'; of the t'.immission m.i?-.' ditfiiult. Of ri'.-etil years, how..ver, th.. 
 railways have .iceupi.'d a l.'ss anta-onistii' iiositioji. 
 
 A furth.'r .litiicnlty has a;isi.n as a r.^sult .if the attitude .if th.' courts. Thi. Com 
 mission has t,i l.K.k t.i the courts t.i enforce its d.'cisioiis. The Act of |,''<7.'i, wh.is.' pro- 
 
 visions in this resar.l aren.it sup..ri.'.l.'d l.y the later Act, stat.'s 'anv d.cisi ,r onl.... 
 
 liia.i.- iiy ill.- L'.immissioii may ii.. mad.' a rul.' .ir ordi.r of a Siip..|.i,i|. Court 
 
 ^•iS^/?* 
 
" /''■i//."-.ii-.s .r.v/> c.i.v.i/.v 
 
 an,U|„. „t„,,.,., ,, , ,. 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. ,902 
 
 "' l'"i-"- '■'i-l.T tl„. Art „f IS.-, . ; ;. , i^." '""";>'''■ "* ""• ""*""''■ •"■ 'I ".ts JH 
 
 "'^7.' ' ti.,n .1). Nui«itl,s,.n,li,n is I I ' ." '"'.''"".v * i-i"" l.y ti... Art nf 
 
 "f law. Mow...'.... ti:, ,:.;!: t nz: ;•;; 7,:' r'TV;"' " ''-' •""' ^'"" " -i^-'i-n 
 '•. ."H;':;;v:;;;;;i£,,v';i;:;::;;,;!;;i rv" "^ -r-- ^v-..■n ...,. ,■ :.,,„. .,.. 
 
 tiMMty tor;,,.|..'al to Im^-Iht ....n'-ts T |, .. « ^ H„. l...^,slMtM.„ tl».,v i, a ,..„„,„,„ „,,,„,,. 
 
 TlH.l..,i:ia,i.Ml,asMo, I .'t .;;'^ :-»;''"" -••■l-.iy.i..|in,i,.... 
 
 "I'-'ly .•..f.-n.,| t... that MMM-N- ;,.!,;•,.; '^'^:;', ^.V"!''";' -'"■ tin. is ,!,.. fa..,, 
 iv-anl tl,..,|,.t'.rt in tl„. „,„.sti„n , f ' "* .''-">-li'*l"aii«ay law isanlmir. | ,|„ „„t 
 
 A,..,ti...,. .1.,...:; • , !' :^ . .'^ r?: -■•;-'-■ '« n- c',.,n,„issi,.„. 
 
 •■ • _ iiMMiaii'ii riiat 
 
 iniii'ly til til,' ilctiMiiiinatiiiii i,f fli,.w.. ... ,■ , ' ' .-s„„, miic iiiir ciiiititi,',! 
 
 '-nnal staf nt. tIi-m a..,in ,1,' ,",''"".'' •'--•""^'f'"l 'x'-'aus.. it .|,...s not ;,,,|„.a,. i„ 
 
 "'■'■; ' -py 1.- ...,.,.::;.;;:,'; 1 .trt;;:;' ctz rf ';>""■ ^'"""■"^-'■' •' '^ ■" 
 
 ""'•^" "^'l- »>nt also i.v „„. |„,„„,i, ,...,;,,,'''';,,'.''■ '''V^ '•'■'"■'it '••■'•'■iv.-l t.v the 
 
 ixt." ""-'-'^' • - p! '^.:';;j":::l;;; M:^!::;;-„i"ii-j;r„;z 
 
 aH.,t;:;;:,:':;:;-;jT^;,;;-:r;;:.i:!;: i::;;^,:;: ^; - >■ .■■■..,...,. „, i, .. 
 
 ';as..s out „i i-> iH.fon. ,1,. (■on,n.is.i„n J^ Z, Z ''.V •■^^""'''" i" '^^^'^ 1 ' 
 
 •'""tot- ll': in issi*. .•(,„„ „,■ II . j,' ",'■' '"";■"'■',',«>", rathvay ,,„am.ls ; in |s,s7, 
 
 Tl.- sl,i,,,„.,.s altl,o„..l, not ,„ . 1 '■ '■" ' '■ '" '■^'"' ' ""f "»■ 1!». 
 
 -" ^- "•- ' \' .. -i':!'^ ;;:. :v:u £ ^:;::i;' z:,:^ """"'" """ ••"• ^•'- ^ 
 
 pnn. ;:i:i:';.:'^;;::tr^:;;;j:::,.;'n:r;r^ % „ i;/ -" -i>- -: -- i- 
 
 J^^hFm^ 
 
RKrititr »x It. I //. ir. i > , ommissioxs jg 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 ;;' ''"l'-"! •liN'"":- M) It l,a. I„.„,.,v.| ,1,.. .oM.liti ,■ ,1,.. .|,i,,,„,,. Tl,.. .l..fV,.N j,, 
 
 t.-..,H.ra., on .„,„.• ,M„,i ,.. i,. ,„,,, „„ ,,I,„.mI,I.. ,„ .1,.,,.,, in tl • I. - n, 
 
 1»' r.iiM>MilHT.',| till. Iifli.ultv ..f III., tu-k. . w.ni M ,111 must 
 
 lllM,.mtlv.. „mt..tial U.,.,in^. „n tl,,... ,„Htt..r, »,ll l„. ,„„n.| n. ..M..nM. ,n tl,.. 
 
 ^atut...an.l....MM,„tt....,...,„...t, ,...,■..,.,■..1 ,„. T|,.. ,..,„,,,, „■ „,.. Int-t-stat.. C.n ,.. . ' 
 
 ..•,H.rtt.,tt,.-l .Mt...lStat..s(;.,v..,n.n...,t ..n tl,.. raiju ,v .vM..„,. „f \V..st..n, VuvLXl 
 
 ■M ,.. .nj,l,sl. lU.hvay l!,,t.. ...„..Mi.,n l,v IV.,f .M,.v.„. , ,,„l',|„|,..,| ,„ ,„.. . - 
 
 •l..m.|,..|l ..t h....n.iiui<.>) an. .,f . .«!«... iai \alii,.. >"i'"\ 
 
 Till-; i:\pi;i!iKN('K (.r riii.: imtki. .statks. 
 
 KAIil.lKl! 1IK..1 I. MIM.; |...l.lr\. 
 
 Tl,.. ..at^li..,. attitu.l.. .,f tl,.. |-,.4..,| >„it..s t.,wa,..ls lailwav .l..v..|.,p,„,.„t was .,„ tl,.. 
 
 1-1.; ...... ..f H.lu.t ,n tl,.. .■(li..a..y „f ....n,,,..tit,.,n as a r..,M,la,.„-. Tl... '..viN tl, t « . .1 
 
 H..« t.'.„n sm;!, a /.,...:.„,„■,. |...li,.v w.t.. n... f..r..s,...n. Tl,.. vari.a.s ,,r.,visi.,n' .H 
 
 ah'a>. that tl,.; ,,..«■,.,« ^-.ant..,! w.u.l.l ^..rk in...|uital.lv as l,..,w....n in.l vi.lual a,, I 
 Mw....n .■..al„,..s, l,„t l.y a f..ar that ,-.ssil.lv t..- hiLh a n.t.. .,f ......its w.„.|.| l». "n,, 
 
 M.,v tl... n.at.., . .,,,,..,, its i nti.m...| it a,,,,..a,s that th.. l..,-islat,„s U.|i..v."| |, ,t 
 
 tl,.. .•.^,n,|.ani..s ha.l a .i-ht t.i a f.,i.i|,aiati\,lv hi-h lat... 
 
 In th.. ..arli,.,. ,ha. teis th.. l..-islat,...s w,.r.. .■,..,t..nt f.., th.. ,„.,st |,a.t with M..li..at • 
 
 ...,:. ...ax.n.,. , Fh,. .Lart.... ..f th.. Haiti,,,,,,., an.l (.hi.,. !.,„ s „f M.I., ill,. JS, '-7 n 
 
 .•.xa...,.l..., Tl„. n..vt st,.p was a ,.,„visi.,r, that tl,.. l...is|at„r,. ,„i,.|„ at tl,.. .,,,1 ..,'a II- 
 
 n...],,..n.Hl .,.sl,.U tl,..,,u..sti.,„..f ,.a,..s. ,( 'ha,-,..,- „f tl,.. Klkh-an an.l VVihnin, 
 
 r...,. Uws ..t M.I. ,.,,,,. !>,, A.-t ,M,ss...| Alanh II, Isj.s., Tl,.. l,.,MsIati.,„ „f N..; 
 \.„-kwas...,nt..ntw,th a s,.„p|.. .|..,.la,.ati.,n that ratv.s wl,i..h ,„-...h„.:..l an ..x....ss , " 
 
 .lWn....l . >^..l..n.l. va,..v,n. t -..„. VI j,..,- ...-nt I.. I 1 ,«.,• ...,nt w..,-.. „..,l,il.i,..,|. N.. ,„ ., , 
 
 ■ . I .-.-v,.l,n.^ t.„. ,...v,s,.,M .,t rat.-s was ,„..,vi,|...|. Th.. ,n.,s, svst..,„a.i,- p„li..v . tha, , 
 M.p-..l,,,s..ts, wl,..,-.. p,..,Ms,.,„ tor a .l......nnial , ...vision ..f th.. ,-at..s. 'withth.. int..n 
 
 that th..s..sh.,ul.i„„, p,,„ln.... a .|ivi,l..n,| „t „,.„-.. that tvn p..,- ....nt «as n.a.h. Tl o 
 
 stato p,n-..|,a,s,. ..|aus... nanu.|y. that at .!,.. t..,-n,inati.,n .,f a .|..|in,..l p..,-i.„l tl,.. staf 
 ho 1. hav.. a n,l,,. on .h.,in...| ti,n... t.. pun.has,. ,1„. ,aih...a.l a pn.vi.o'n „ |,i,.,, „p,J. 
 tl ,. l..j,,s|at,.,n ot .Massa.l,„.s,.tts as «..il as in that „f N..w V.U-is a .......u-ni ion „£ 
 
 .. assun,..,! ,.,-..,.t p.-olits th.. ,a,h-.,a.l woul.l n.ak... an.l of th.. a.hanta... .„rs....„ ,„ 
 
 th.-s,. p,„,„s t„ tl,.. Stat,, a. s lat..,- p..,i.,.| wh,.,, ,1„. ...p-.n,,,,.,,, ha,l ,;„v,..| s,,...!,.!: 
 
 NV1,..|, tl„.i„,po,tan.... ..ftl,ei-ailr.,a.lasa ,„..aMs ..f .•.,n,„.,.tion with th.- \V..s, l„.„,„ 
 
 • .•.■--"-'.ii/.-.l. all th.. .|u-sti,,ns,,f ,...u,iiati,,ns w,.,... I.tt in th.- l,a..k.'i-.„i,i.| What 
 
 l..-..pl-- W-.-0 th>Mk,nu..f was,,,,, ,1,.. ,.,.,:r„la,i„n.,,- p.,..il, vils a,is:„. ,■,.„„,', ail,-. ,.•..! 
 
 .-..nsp.„.at,.,„, hat ,h.. ,-api.l .,l,tai„i„. „t an ..xpan.li,,. ,-ail,.„a.l svst..,,,? This i. iUu 
 
 t.-s, ,„ th,. t..v,.,-,sh ,n,,.,..st tak,.,, in t,-ansp,„.,ati.,n s.h.. s i„',l,.. |„.,.i,K| |s.-;,l .-„. 
 
 tmn .l,..,,.... ||,.-w..st..,.nstat..sw.., nal,l..,| ,h,-.,„^|, ,|,.. a.tion .,f ( •.,n;r,...ss t.. s..-;asi.h. 
 
 jr.-ants „f Ian, ,n a„l ot th.'s.- ,.„t..,-p,is..s, r,„h ptin.is,,, p,...vail..,| as t., in„„..,l{at.. 
 
 ; ;;;';r .*' ; ♦'"- --'.-p.;i-s. wi,..,, th..,i, t ^,ii„,.,.,.„,„'„ „ ,s.„. , n.a,.k,.. 
 
 ; -, t,y. ,.,.t„...,n..„t ot tl,.. stat..s f,.„n, a.-tiw pa,-,i,.,pati„„ i„ ,.ail,.„a.l ,.„nst,.,„.,i„,„ 
 V ,''-!" ""',";.''■ '""''""' .'"P'"^.-'..>-nt- l.a.i .-nhninat...! in Is;!,, „i,|, ,|,„ wiih.hawal 
 
 oh.. l-...l..,-a (.ov..,.n,„,.„, t,„,„ tl,.. ti,.l,l; th,. .lisastrous .„,„ „,- ,|„. ,.vp,.,.iM„.n.. 
 
 .. tl,,. p,.,.„„| Is.io l,s.,„. ,,,„|„„| i„ ,1,.. .,,,., .„,„,„ ,„s also ,...,in„,^ Tl!.. ,na„.'., 
 
 A . .„.,lia,-y tn.in this was an ,n.liv,.|„alisti.. attitii.l.. t.,wa,..ls raih-.^i.l p,..,l,|..,„s 
 
 !h,- p,.,.M«! !s,;ii ; ,,- ,„.,.>,,„,,,! „„ ,)„, ,,,„,;,. ^., ,. . i,,,,,,, ,',„■. ..,..•,( ■ ., 
 
 r.-Ml„hty ot ,1„. ...:,.p. .atioii ol„aii,iii,. a p„u,.|. ii„.na..iH. to s,,.,„. ii,t,.n.s,. uas ,„„ ,.,.„ 
 
 
M 
 
 /,'. 1 //.»■. I )>• .I.V/< C.l.VALS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VM., A. 1902 
 
 riivi'il lit. h »ii> ii'-'iliiiiil tliiit ui\i'ii a >iillii iilit iiiiiiiIhi <<I uiiluiivi llii'i<' uoiiM U' iin 
 ■ litlii'iiltv III M'u»i'<l I" ti'i'uliiii'iit lit' iiiilit IiIhiiIm mill Imalltii'-.. Wlnii- nn iiii'i|U;ilitv 
 I'Msti'il the uiiv !•> I'l'iiKiM' it HUH liv iiiilii' hi;; the riiti'<tnirlliiii <it' iiliiitlii'i iiiiliiHiil. 
 ItMilioiiil riiii^^triirtiiili imt laili'iiail I'i'uiiIm! i<<ii uiih ulial iHiiipiril tlir |>iililir iiiliiil. 
 
 Till- iiiiilili'iii tiMik III! aiiiitlici' iiliMH' III till' |H'iiiHl lH';.'liiiiiii;i ainiiit I"'". I'Ih' mil 
 »a\>, f\liat|Hti'il liv till' ial<' «af> «liiili «iii' iih niitriiiiM- nf f\ri>-iM rniisliiKlion, liail 
 iiiaili' 1 11 alii 111,' ai raiii.'1'iiii'iit^ u itii tlic iiili'iitioii ot uUv iatiiiu i iiiiioii-- loiiigM'titinii. Tlii-' 
 iiiilii atitl til till' |N'ii|i|i that liii' iail«ay>i, iii^liml iit Liiiu -iliiiali' r>iiii|ili'ti Iv «ip|ii|ifti 
 ti\i' ln;ilii-. tiil'iiii'il all lliti'^iati'il "yHtrlii. Tlii' i'\ il> that hail niliii' lirln rxittiiicf (liii 
 iiii; a ih'I'IimI nt iilililiiln'il ami \ liiiais riiiii|><'titiiiii hail ii\>'< hi'l|»'<l tn rhiti.;;i' tin' |ai)ilir 
 attitiiili' tiivvaiils the lailwav sitiiatinM. 
 
 Tlpr' I'liiiilitiiiii^ ill till' \Vf>.t \wii' (-.|«rially rhanuli listir. ami a ia|iiil -iMiiiiiaiv 
 4. ill NiiM> til ;.'i\r the lii>tiiiiral ifttiii;; nf tlir ( 'uiiiiiii^^iiHi iiiuvriiiiiit in thr W i-l. 
 
 A luilirv lit' liiNi>li Kiilixidi/.iiii! hail lii'iiii;,'lit almiit it i'a|>iil rxti'M-Mii nt tin' laili'iHul 
 »V'<ti'iii ill till' iiiiililli' wi'sl, ami imni' r«|ii rially in tin' ii|i|»i MiN»i-.^i|'|ii N'alli'V. Stftli' 
 iinnt was ia|iiilly |iii-'hi'i| t'iir«iiiil anil tlir t'litili' \\ liiat laiiil'. nf tlii' Nmlli «i'-t ciiiii 
 niriii.il til !»■ riiltivati'il 'I'ln' thiii' rimi' a rliaii;t<' ill tln' imhistiial riiiiilitiiiii?^. 
 Win a I t'i'll ill jiiiri'. A ilrliiam ma ii'ilintinii in rati's «as iiiaili'. 'i'lii^ ili'inainl 'Mis 
 ii'iiili rill all till' stimiiLirr l>y tin- »liipit Nii^hti'il [mliry ut' tin- railway iiiiiiia;.'ii'H, Itiiiim; 
 ill!' late «iii- iiiaiiv illiiit ili'\iir> liail Iwi'ii iimiI in thi' >tnii,'i;l(' t'i'i tiallir. Itilmti'x, 
 M'li'i't rati's, ili-ri iiiiiiiatiiins, |ii'i"«iiiial ami liK-al, hail lii'iii la\islily I'liiplnyi'il. Ilii' ^tii'ss 
 lit' ».i>ii't'iil riiiii|Htitiiiii hail ili'iM'iiilii» II riini|>i'titiM' lati-s tn haul pan. It'lhi' railwayn 
 
 «)i I |iiali/i' iiiaili T'- an iiiinasi'il rati' ii|iiin tlii' mm i'iiiii|iititiM' tratlir sci'ini'il tn Ih" 
 
 lii'ii'ssarv. Till' t'aiiiiris wlm -a« ruiiii Iitii'< rai liiil lnlii; ili'«taiiii'» fur rati". « hirli 
 
 xM'ii' iiiilv a tV.iitiiiii ut' tliiiM' rharL.'iil mi llii'ir riiininiKlity w liirh wiii ranii'il a iniifli 
 sliiirti'i' ilistaiiri', ii^siiinril that tlii'ii- iiiiisl 1m' an cxnrliitaiit imilit in tlir lati'« i liariri'il 
 thrill, 'riii'ir <iiiii|ilaiiits wi'ii' niit with Maiit cmirtt'sy liy thi' railway^. A ki'i'ii t'l'i'lili^ nf 
 iiijustii'f wa» i'Ii^'iihIii'iiI. A fi'iliiiL' that tiny Mrir iiayinv' ixm'iitant jui'lit^ tuah'-i'ii 
 ti'i' lailroail stiirklnilili'i>. iimst nt' tlii' iii|iital iiiM'stcil «a» i'a«ti'iii ciiiiital. t'lirthcr 
 I'liiliittt'ii'il till' t'annriN. 'Ilii' njil t'li'linj.' nf riiiiliiiini' in tin' miii'v'ulati'il n|ii'ratiiiii of 
 ('niii|ii'titiiiii passi'il a«ay. Tin' iii« attitiuic was mir nf Ix'lii'f in tin' iirti'^-ity nf state 
 i'1'i.'iilatinii. 
 
 IIIK CnM.MISSlOX MllVIMKNT. 
 
 Till' State Kuihvay t'niiiiiiissions may Ix' linuidly ilistin^iii 
 ui'sti'rii. Tn tilt' rtminiisNiiins nf the westerti tvjH' are to Ih- aildei 
 
 nil a.s ea-ti'iii anil 
 till' fniiiiiiissimis t)f 
 the siaithern states. The western tyjie r |ii'esents thetyiH' that was ralleil into existi'tice 
 1)V till- neeessitv nf I'.'nulatiii^; traiis|K<. tntiuii in the pulilie interest. In the eastern 
 states riiilwaVH are subjeet, in some (le>.'ree, to water t'nm|H'titiiiii, anil the regulative 
 jinwer nf |iul)lic n]!iiiiiin is i;reate" 
 
 A thiril tvjie nf I'lminiissinn iiiay 1h' inentiiinefl for the .snke of exaetness. This tyjx' 
 is sinifilv a Ivxlv nri;anizeil fnr the assessin;; nf railways within the state ami enllecting 
 nf '111' taxes ilue liy them. 
 
 I'lie tirst attempt in the west eniineeteil itself with the (Jraiiiier le^isla'ami. In 
 l'"*"! Illiiniis passed a law estahlishinj; a .system nf maxima. The jireeedeiit set was 
 fiiUnwt'il in the leitislatimi of W'i.siiinsin ami Iowa. In U'isinnsin the ' I'niter law,' 
 wliiih was passed in Is74 and wliiili is usually taken as the tyjM' nf tliis lei;islation, 
 jirnvidetl that lailrnatls weif tn lie divided intn three eliisses aecordinjr tn their earning 
 power. Freights were tn lie divideil into four general and seven sjiefial classes, anil 
 fnr earli nf these eliisses rates were tn lie (ixeil In the same y .!'• an Alt nf similar 
 iiii|Mirt was passed in Inwa. Tlu' eniistitiitinnality nf the general prii eiple involved in 
 tliis legislation 'as /ithrmetl l>y the federal supreme enurt. The laws, however, proved 
 tiHi hard ami fast to meet the ehan^'in;; emiditions ot railway trans|iortatinn. The 
 railwav commission whs aceepted as the solution of the ilittietilty 
 
 The fommission of the eastern type, the so tailed ailvisory lommission ' inmmission 
 w itliout power,' eanie first in point of time. As early as ]t<M New Hampshire a]ipninteil a 
 
 mtli:'""SKiL^ 
 
 z •r.'irf'fm t fje . 
 
lir.l'OHT ox HMI.WA )■ iDMMlSSIiSS |7 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. t 
 
 <■ " i»»i"h fii iri'.|«Mr riiilicMiilH ami ii|i.tit on tliiir inti.liiinn to tlir |. -i l;it 
 
 ('niitKMtiriit in {HXS, Miiin,. in I ."<."i>. iiii.l Uhic. in I •*»;;, ti.ll..H.il tin- |.r.-.-..|.nt. 'rii,^ 
 intent wiih nitlii'r ii <'..nsi(lffiitiiin tor 1 1 if -iifrty of I dim II. is timn ii .onsiil.iHtion f.ir 
 tlirir iTiiiioMiiL' intt'i'CNts. 
 
 The .MuN^icliiiscttH iiiininisHioh, hImcIi was inolilli'il ii[m>ii llir Niu ||;inips|iiri> 
 colniiiiMMiiin, it iisimlly taken n- the type ..t tlie ii.Imsoiv eoiMfnissiori. Tli.' eunsi.lerulion 
 of the law ereiitin;.' thin ei.inniission, us well iis of the Ne» \,>yk lonilnissioti law whieh 
 is luiseil ii|Hin till- .Massaehiisetls law, hiII v'Hi- the leunl setlirn;. 'I'ln- |»>rtion .if the 
 siilij.'ct matter aU.; .-..nn.'.'ts itself with the west.Tti e.imlitii>ns. Ii.im tli.' r-e|H>al of the 
 maxiimini rate law in F.>wa in l»7s until l>S,sth.' .ontrol ..f raiUav niatt.is in ihal 
 slate was in tin' hitnils .if un a.lvisoiy .•..nmiisNion of the Massaelnivtts type. 
 
 Till-; \.\\\ «il' 111!; .\l>\ isollV ((iMMIs.sioN 
 
 In MattHjiehiisi'tts tlw lonniiissioii is . oiii|.os.-.| ..f ihr..' .oninii- ...-is appoint..! I.\ 
 the i.">veni(.r. with the ailviii' ..f the .•.mil. il, for a t.riii of tin.'.' v.ais. Th.v may !»• 
 
 reni.i\.'<l hy tli.' ;.'..\efn.ir w'th til.' e.ins.'iit ..f th.' n.il. The .miv ].f.n isi,,n'a» t.i th.' 
 
 .|ilalili(ali..iis .if the .•omniiHsi..mi>. is that tli.'y shall l» .iii|i.'t.'nl p.Tsons.' In N,.w 
 
 Y.irk till- e.iiiiiiiissi.im.|s. on.. .,f »hoiii is t.i U' "xiH'ri.M. .•.■.! in railway hiisiness, an- 
 app..int.Ml by the Knvernoi, with Ih.' a.Ki.-.^ an.l .■onserit ..f th.' s..nat<''. N.r a teriii ..f 
 tiv.' y.'aiK. 
 
 fn MaHwichusetts the a.l.liti.iiial ..lli.-.i . ..f th.' H.iar.1 aiv a .l.'ik, an assistant 
 
 elt'rk, will, in ihe alisem ■ ijisiihility .if th.- el.rk p.if..iins his w.ak. an aei'iiiintanl 
 
 an.l railroa.l iiispe.t..is. In N.'w Y.i'rk th.' ..Ilie.'is are a s.'eivt.irv an.l a marshal, an 
 ins|H'.t..r of steam railr.ui.ls, who must !).• a .•i\il en;.'in.'.'r skill.-.l in railr..ail atl'aiis! an 
 inspector wli.. iNals..an e.\)K'rt in eleetrii- lailr.ia.l allairs. su.h a.l.lili.nml .l.'ri.al f..r.'.' 
 as is foiin.l ie.|ui,site, ami eiii.'in.'ei aee.mntaius an.l .itlier .'\|i.'i,, »h,>s.' ser\ii.'s mav 
 \»' need.il Iwemisf ..f Home temporarv exij.'.n.'V. 
 
 In iMith laws t!ie e.immis.HiiiiierH are i.rohihited fr.au lioi.lini' sto,|<or s.'.Miiti.s i.i .,r 
 Ix'intf .'iiipli>y<'<l hy any railway company. I'liey are als.i |.r.>liiliil.'.| fr..ni s.'ekini.' aiiv 
 iiuiir.'ct reward, .onsidi'ration or fiiMnir fiom anv railwiiv. 
 
 The cliairman of the Massi.i,iisetts Imar.l r.'.-.'iv.-s .'*(,(Mi(i [mt vi'ar, the oth.'i- 
 .•..mmissieners ."^.t,.")!)!). The se.'i-e'ary ii'ceives .•*L'..">(in, th.' assistant .l.'rk .■s'l.L'dO. the 
 a.countant ■^L',.-)0(l, the ins|M'.t.iis wh.i are appointed, ..iii' for .'a.li 1,(hmi mill's of ti.nk, 
 leii'ive .<l..'ilMI. In New York each commissioner leceiM's .«■■.'<, (HlO. the >i'iiit;ii\ .•*ti.l)il(l, 
 the marshal .'^l,.JO(», the a.c.iuiitaiit anil the ins]»..'tors r.'.i'ive .si.'i.dlKi ca.h. Tli.' salari.'s 
 .if the clerical force are tixed hy the ciiniiiiissinneis. 
 
 In Ixith cases the exjienses of the commissions are assessed upon the laihvav svstiins 
 of the ri's|i«'cti\. states : the nssessmeiit is m.ide on the f.'riiss receipts. When .m oHjiial 
 liiisiiicss the c.imiiiissiiineis, anil such experts as they deem iei|uisiti', receive fice 
 traMs|Hiitatiiin. In New York the total expenses of tin'' commission, cxclusiM. of the 
 cost of printiii;; and hindiinr the annual reports, is limite.1 to .<<i(l,(M10 a v.'ar. 
 
 In .Massachusetts an aniuial r.'p.irt is sulimitted t.i th.' le^iislatiire, indicatiim the 
 nlatioii of the transpi.itation system to the condition of the state, and makiiii; such 
 reciiiiimendations jis to chaiiu'es in j,'eiii'ral railroad policv as mav seem rei|uisite The 
 CO' imissiiiii exercises a jrencral su)ier\ision in regard tii all matters pertainiiii; to the 
 puhlic safety and convenieme. It is rei|ui!eil to see to the wav in which the railroads 
 .■.>ni)ily w ith the provisions of their cliarters and the ;,'ciioral railwav laws of the >tate. 
 WheiieM-r the |{oard is satisfied that a railway is actinj,' in \iiilation of law it ;.'i\i's 
 notice in writin;,' to tlie iitrendin',' railway; if the violation continues it places" the 
 liiatter in the hands of the .Vttorney Oetieral. who tak.'s such action as he sees lit. In 
 New Y'oik there is a similar provision. Tn New York the upreiiii' court, at a .siM'cial 
 term, may enforc hy mandj'.mus su.h decisions hy the cinuiiissi.in as it deems just and 
 
 n'asonahle. From this there is an apjx'al to the ■.'eneral term of the supre court and 
 
 tiie court of api»'als, and here the i|Ui'stion may he re\ii'wed aiiil reversed Imth on the 
 facts a.s wcli as upon the law. 
 •-'Ok -2 
 
 •xi:^--ii^i 
 
II 
 
 'f>">f''ir.1 .IXOCAXAU 
 
 Tl . .VIh«-.|„,..„, „,.,,,, ,.„, '-» EOVVAHD V.,,. A. ,»oa 
 
 -;":::». ';:;;:;;::r;;r"f:;:-".;:,:;£::7::;«;r''' > 
 
 -n-ul-tb, 3: ;■-■;■:" ™:::" r:t '"^•' •-:-.:;?;;:; 
 
 ';■■■ -'^" :::;::;":; -ir -- - ^-i-ir- ;:;-:;:: -..., 
 
 '::^:<:-:::z:::;-:hr^^^^ < 
 
 "■'«■■-„,■„.,.„,:'■; '"■'<■ '"B",^ ...; I, ;„;■'"'""■'■■ '■""«■<•■ 
 
 •■"■•n::";;,;;:,;:;^;;: E ™r ''r' """■ ■"" -"-■-;"-:;; 
 
 ;*;atH;;:i::;i'-'^-r''='-"=-i:-';::;::L^;^ - < 
 
 s;!;'::?;:,'';:,:-;;r:";Is"Vr "t"' ^^ -' 'S:;:M:r,!t- /t; 'iV- 
 
 "'"'•'•'"r-^ii.l, ,.,„.,, i^,,„„ ", •' '"' •■"•'•••' 'iiil«,.v), ,•,,„„ ^ .'""""" ■"■"Iiti'.i, 
 
 in .„,.. ,.,• ,„,„ v. ', !'"''■• ""•' "•■•'i>i«M|,„,,..„lt .>r\-„ I, 1 >l""-l.nM,.,. ,., 
 
 .-..us. ,1 t. ;: '■ " •{ '"'"Y '"'■ ^t-vw ,,ni«,.v, ,o, , ,. i ' ";r "■ '""•■'"■ '-» 
 
 - " ;;• -' - ili^^^on.;: - "'■-"«•' •"- ^.^ :; !i:;.:;:;::;;^;:,;";:.:::;:-; 
 
 III.. .■(Mimiissi,,,, (M,,^, , . ,, . ""J"t 
 
 witi,..ss... ,...,. ,."^ tl- Stat.., ,.n.i „,|,„i„i,,.,, :,;]• ,/"."':"''•.'"•'>• Mii„iii,m 
 
 t" if Mi.-l, ,.„n,li,i, • ,?■ ' ""• ■■'«'" t" "Kik-.. su.-h ..mssin ., ^ . M'isM.i<.ln,,„.tts 
 
 tiu.Au.,..„.,,, „,..„, ,1. ti: s^ , tl"':',!;", r ■ '-^ "" i-'^l'V;; :,'■■[:; 
 
 :^i::.: s-r rv- ■-"-.. » ;:'t;:;;;';siK;'r:f ''"■-»'-^ 
 
 =..^^_,^^ 
 
HKI'UHT nx IIMl.w.\ y (f,.VV/ssti,xs 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 19 
 
 ll-'ll .11 i.fll,,. r,„U„y |,i„ ,,■ ,|„. ,, ,„ ,„.„v„|,.. ,|„„ ,«,.,„..,!. 
 
 th.r..a|.,nt.v..f »|,.„„„r.>nh,il.,t„„ts,.l'i|,..,,„t, .• . , ' "*"" •"■"•• I"' 
 
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 « - -::!i:r.:::r;'::;:::-;;. ::;::;::';,::r:;;r ;";; ■ •-•-' ;- 
 
 ;i ""'"' ^-7'^v ..... ....,„,.. :::::::^::;;!:i:: r, :;:,::;! i;::::;'v;;;l::':''r"-:'i 
 
 .l.-.H,..n is (il...| t>v tl M„nis„„„ „i I, ,|„. S. ..| v f s" , ■•••"•"•"- -.» till- 
 
 .l.s'isioM, „. nnivin.'at a 'V ,ml, .. ' . '' ' '" "'"" '" ""'"""■I i" H'- 
 
 n. f,. „„.. V . " 1 • •!• , H , " ' "''"'•'■ " " '" '•"'•"""• •" ""l"'s..M. 
 
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 I'VI. ..I|,-,.s of iM.lrl,t...|tl.ss ill ..V,... .■ .1 ■"""III- 111 I. s. ,\|,|Vss M.«,.r IH un,.,,, 
 
 i ^'Z' "it:!:":ir rrr;::;:;;;^;,:::;,"-, r:; ■■' --•■■ 
 
 Mhan-N Miv not > ' ■ s,.|,| f,,,- a |..s/si„„ ''"'""'""' "K'"'^' ''I'M.r. Jim m,.1i 
 tl,..r,..,f. "'"• '" '"■ '"•'""ll.v l""'l in .ash, tUu tl,- ,,a, ^„ 
 
 iH., .k " ^"" ^''"'^ ""' '"^^' '■"■^ "••' I'™ » ■■••V"lativ,. ,„.„..,. , .„ k. an.| 
 
 THI-; I,A\V OF TIIK (((MMls.sioN • wnn I'oWKI!. 
 
 '■™=.;'r"--''' •'"■"-"":::- m Vr;:- ,;• 
 
 .'MllTlussliilis ' \v til i).i»,.|. ■ ..-lii,.!. I, . ■ . ■ . " '" ' '■'■ ' "•' wiinais 
 
 miss,,.,,..,. ,.|,,,.t.,| l,v ,)„. |„..,,,|,. f,,v a t.TT,, ..f thr.... v.-ats, l',„|.,. In ,| . ' 
 
 i:c:;r':;;r,;:;;';;:!r::;:;;;-*'« -^ - ; ™i™i .':;;!;:: 
 
 1 111' ('t>i,ii))is.:i.iii(>|.s iit Illin.iiv i.i,i..n. . v;.t~.,wi i 
 
 s. tittaiN ..f tl,.. c.,in„.,.s,„„ ,„ ,.H,.|, ..ase r.-c..iv..s sl.r.oo ,«.,■ v.^ai' 
 
 ""' »''<I>'''"*f'< "f til.' (•oi„iiiissi,,i, ill-., ill |.ai.|, |..is .li,....;,. , ,1 I 
 
 <it t i(. .strtt.. Ill Illii,,.;. -1. , 111 I,,. I, lasi a.l,ai;,'i. .„, tli.. i;.'ii,ial ifv..,,,!.., 
 
 IN, si«r, . in MliiK.is .1,.. o..ii,iii,s.si<.iii.rs. «|i,.„ ,, , is,.|,ai..r,. ,,f ,,i1i. i ,1 ,l„ii... i 
 
 S-;,;::=rr,n^': -!:s; :',i'- :;;":,.„;■• ';r -»*..:'; *'"::-, 
 
 •>0,f_-'i -'^'iit- .u.,l .•\i.,.|.t,., as thev may .-n^fa;;... 
 
 fef^^Hk ifX'«!ff-'»L 
 
 "t "*"T!*^ -'/I'SEsSai^M*- ,«a''.«br.^T-ij=' 
 
/Ull.H'.irs A\/) CAXAL.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 Fn tlir liittcr >;tiit(' II Sinn nnt I'xccfditij; .<I(»,()(HI amnially is set asiilc tn ini'ct the cnsts 
 iiuinrcd liy tlii' rDiinnissiontis in niiikini; iiivrsti;;atii>ns and in i>iiisc(iitin;,' suits. 
 
 fn Illinois tlic i-onnnissinni'is arc ii'i|niii'd ti> cxaniinc into the CDndition and man 
 antMnciit. and all dtlicr niattiTs ((jncrinini; the laisincss nt' tlic lailiuads and warflii.nscs 
 in Ml I'ai' as tin'sf arc iiiniiTncd with till' 1 iihlic inti'ifsi. In ImiIIi states il .■ ciprnniis- 
 sions I'Xfiiisc a ^jiMicral sii|i(.| , ism y imwi'i- to scf tli.it all the law s nt' tlw si ir, under 
 wiiicli the eor|M nations o|ieiate, are oU'Ved. 
 
 h^ lowa the provisions of the law are a|i|ilieal)le to all railroad cor) mrat ions, express 
 
 conipanies, em (diiipanies. slee|iini; ear companies, and riei;.'ht or treii;ht lini niiiaiiies 
 
 doinj; hiisiiiess within the state. It eo\ers the transportation ot' passetij;ers ami ot' t'reii.'lit 
 within the state, and the recei\ in;;, deliverini,'. stoia^'e and handlini.' of pro]HMty liv such 
 conipanies within the state. 
 
 ,.'nder iMith eoniinissioiis the railway systems res|MMtively suliject tii them are re- 
 ipiired to make iiiiiuial statistical returns to the commission. These are analofious to 
 those recpiired in Canada. An annual report emhracin;,' an account of the proceedings 
 
 of the ( mission duiini,' the year preceilin;;, as well as a statement of the statistical 
 
 (hlta recei\ed from the railroads, is made each yeai' to tiie i;o\ernor of the state. 
 
 Kxtiirtiori and unjust diseiimination are furliidden under the law of Illinois. I'nder 
 unjust diseiimination are included Ixith personal discriminations and disciiminations in 
 re;,',ir(l to distance, such as are conimonly included under the prohibition of a • lonj; and 
 short haul ' clause. Kailroad corporation- unilty of extortion or of unjust discrimina- 
 tion in reuar-d to rates ami fares arc, on corrviction, puriishalile hv a tine of not less than 
 .■"1,(1(1(1 nor moi-e tirarr .•*."),00(l for' the first odeirce ; not less than .*."),(MI() nnr more than 
 .•<|(),(l.l(l for the second otlence : not less than ."<10,(l()(» noi- more than •■*L'(),(»(MI for the 
 third oHence, and for- each suhseipient otlence .'i'.'.'i.Ot 10. These tines are recoveralile in an 
 action of delit in the name of the people of Illinois. The commissioners lia\c the lespori- 
 sihility of seeirr'; whether- the pi-o\ isions of the .\ct in this i-espei-f are violat. 1. Wherr 
 they are satisfied that thei-lias lieen a violation of the .\<-t they are empowered to cause 
 suits to U- entered against the parties oflendin;;. They may employ eourisi-1 to assist the 
 .Vttoi-ney Cener-al in ]ir-ose(-utin^' such suits on iH-half I'lf the stati-. In the Ohio law it is 
 stated that all (-liar-j;es are to he leasoriahle, and that unjust arrd imrea.sonahle chai-j.'cs 
 are pidhihiteil. Diserimination is prohiliited. Kipiality of treatment is the rule : there 
 irray 1m-, however-, a lower rate per V. L. tliaii on L. C". l',. All preferem-es arcforhiddi-n. 
 The ' lorii; and short haul ' rule is ex|ili(-itly stated. The penalty for the \ iolation of the 
 pr-ovisions suiiimarized aliove is not less than .-^l. (1(1(1 nor moic than .-*."i,0(l(l for the tirst 
 otlence; and for ea<-h sul)siM|iient oflerrce not less than •■?.">.(MI(» nor- nioi-e than -SlO.ddd. 
 Tliis may In- reeo\cred either- hv criminal pr-osei-ution or hv civil ai-tion in the n,-ime of 
 the state. 
 
 (ieneral stiperv isor-y <-ontrol in i-eirar-d to safety appliances, switi-hes, i-r-ossiiiLfs aii<l 
 a<-cideiits is jvossessed by each (-ommission. 
 
 riid'-- tlu- Illinois law i he (-ommission is i-e(|uii-ed to make foi-<-acli raih .d corpora 
 tion doirij; husiness within the st.-ite a schedule of maximum rates ; these niav Ik- i-evised 
 fr-oin time to time. In all complaints arisinir in the state courts with refei-erice to r-ites, 
 these seheiliiles are to 1m- i-ei;arded as e\idence that the |-ates thereirr provided for ari- 
 r-easoiiahle maxiiiuiiii i-ates. The pi-o\ isions in the Iowa law ai-e much more detailed 
 and may 1«- siimniariw-d as follows : The initial provisions are identii-al with those i-e 
 ferred tu.-iUivi-. A provision is (-ontained <-onferrinj.' power to r-e^ulate elassilication - 
 a similar power is possessed hy the Illinois t'oinmission. When a s(-!ieduli- is made or 
 n-vised it has to lie piililished for two weeks siiei-essiv elv in some pa|ier- of the capital 
 eiiy, anil irr this piihlii-atiori tin- date when the sehediilt- ;.'oi-s into operation is, indii-ated. 
 If a (oiiiplaint arises either with refei-eiM-e to a rate i-liar-j.'ed hy a r.iilroail, or a maximum 
 rate fixed liy the commission, the (-ommission shall iriv(-stii;ate the (-omplaint. If it 
 ajipears well v.'i-ouiided, then the (-oiiiiirissioTi. after heai-iii:; statements on both sjdi-s, shall 
 trivi- its decision as to what shall Im- a reasonable maximum rati- in fiitui-e. The com 
 mission may decide not only on the rates under review, but also as i-e<tards all siidi nite.s 
 Ix-tween points in tlie state and vthatever- part of the line of r-ailwav of sui-h company 
 within the state a- may fairly have e-,iiie witiiiit the scope of sui-li ii'ivestiifatioii. 
 
HKl'ORT OX It AIL WA Y COM MISSIOXS 21 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 Thf Iowa liiw r("i[uirp.s that I'auh railway shall kocp iiostcd for |>ul)lic inspccticiti, n, 
 each of its stations, schcdiilrs of its rates ami fares. No advance of rates shall \- made 
 until after ten days' imhlic notice; rediKtion in rates may lie made with. mt pievioiis 
 notice. All such chanf,'es shall In- posted. I'jicli railway is recniirid to (ile with the 
 commission copies of its schedules of ratios, and copies of ai;reemi'nts with other com- 
 panies in respect to trallic a;,'reements. Where joint taritVs lia\e U-en ai-rani,'ed these 
 also shall l)e hltKl. (.,'oiiformity with these rej;idations niay 1h' enforced throuuh thi' iss:!e 
 of a mmirl, lilt, 1.1 from any district court of the state. liy supplementavy legislation of 
 \^'M, the commission has U>en ^'iven power to estalilish reasoiwihle joint thloui;h rates 
 where such have not Ix'cn estahlished liy the railroads themsehi's. This powei- i^ i?i its 
 e.\e-eise. suliject to the i.'encMiil pro\isions of the .\ct of ISSS. 
 
 I nder the Iowa law persons considerini; tlumselves afi^'riexed liv aliv common 
 carrier may elect to make complaint Ix'fore the commissjun. ii- l«'fore a court of com 
 Jietent jurisdiction. When a complaint is entered U'lore the counuission, a statement 
 of su;li complaint, with the ilaiini;es alleu'<M|, if any, is forwarded to the railway com 
 jiany. The latter may suhniit a statem.nt in rehuttal. If no such statement is'made. 
 oi- if it appeals that there is reasonahle cause for in\esti:,'ation. then it shall 1m- the duty 
 of the commission to institute ,in invest ijLtat ion. Wliene\er the commission has siitlicient 
 icasoii to Iwlieve that the law is liein;; violated liy any railway, it may commence sudi 
 iinestiualion of its own initiative. When such invest iijation has been made, a ri'port 
 shall lie made. If the commissi, ,m lind> that the law has lieen violated, it shall com- 
 municate its lindin;,'s to the railwav company, and shall direct it to make reparal ion. 
 It the eoiii|>any (Iim's not oliey, then the i-ommissioii applii's, in a sumiiiarv wav, liv 
 petition to any district or superior court in any county in «liicli the railwav has its 
 piincip.il otiice, or throuj,'li which its line passes, or in wliii'h the violation of the law- 
 took place. The case shall lie pro.seciiled Ijefore the couit liy the Attornev (lener.il. 
 with the assistance of the county attorney of the county in which any such )iroceedin;.'s 
 are instituted. The court in liciriiii; the matt«'r is to |ii-oceed as a i-ourt of eipiity, liiit 
 without the formal pleadinj^s of ordinary suits in e<|uity. In this suit the ivpoit of the 
 commission is to 1m' ici,'arded as j/riiini fm-ir evidence. If it appears that the ordei' of 
 the commission has lieen ilisoln'yed. it shall lie hiwful for the court to restrain further 
 disoliedicnce and enforce olMKlience throui,'h a writ of injunction ; if the writ of injunc- 
 tion is not ohi-yed irrilx i)f (tllwliiin iit may Ik- issu(-d, and in addition a penalty of 
 ••:<1,0(>0 per day Ih- illixed for each rlay that the railway, or person in default, fails to 
 <ib<'y such injunction. There- may Ik- an ajijieal to the Suiiri-me Court hv the comniis 
 sioners, or liy any other p(-ison interested ; liut no such ;iii|M-al shall operate to stay or 
 -upersede the order of the i-<iurt, or the execution of anv writ or priHi-ss theie<in. 
 
 'Ihe f;(-neral rule as to proceedinijs ln-fore the commission is that it adopts such 
 metlKhi as is in harmony with the dispatch of liusiiu-ss and the ends of justice. .\ 
 majority of the commissioners constitute a i|Uorum. No commissioner' is allow(-d to 
 partici]iHle in a case in which he is linancially interested. (Jt-neral rules of piocedure, 
 which conform as nearly as possilile to those of the state i-ourts, aie drawn up bv the 
 commission, and are aim-ndi-d from tniie to time. Any jit-rson may a]i|iear liefore the 
 conmiission in [k-isoii or by an attornev. The \(ites and olticial )>iiiccedini.'s of the com- 
 mission are t-ntered on n-cord ; these may be made public on tin- reipiest of either party 
 or of any iierson intrrestt-d. The commissioners have an otticial seal : thev have the 
 rif;ht to administer oaths .-md alliimations in any p;oc(-edinj,'s Id-ton- the Hoard. In 
 perfoiininf; the supi-r\isory dutit-s conferred njion it, the commission has the riirht to 
 reipiire tin- attendance and testimony of witm-sses and the |iroduction of all InHiks, 
 papers, tarill's. schedules, contracts, a^'reements and diH-ui.ents --laterial to the inv(-stii:a- 
 tion. The aid of any court within the state, within the jurisdiction of which the invt-s- 
 tigation is carried on, may U- invoked to enfor<-e this provision. 
 
 In all violations of the Act, except as r(-j;ards those provisions concerned w ith extor- 
 tion and discrimination, the railroa(l, or afjent, or ottieer of the railroad violatiii;,' such 
 provision shall lie guilty of a misdemeanour, and shall, on conviction in any district court 
 of the stilt*' of compett-nt jurisdiction, Ik- subject t<i a tine of not less than .■?.")()() nor 
 more than .'if.;",()0(i f.-.r eacli ••fft-n-r. A \i.,-!ati>>n of the provisions of llu- Ac! also -'ivi-s 
 
22 
 
 th<> 
 
 It A I LW AYS AS'D CAXAL.s 
 
 ii'.livi.lmil. ■„• i„,|ivi,|,i,.ls ,1 , , ^'^ EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 Both ty,,,.s „f coni.uissi.ins arc alikr 
 
 
 ^=-^i^:gHig^ 
 
IIBI'ORT 0.\ JiA/fJIAY COM.VISSIOXS 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 23 
 
 If<.x4. I. l.-.l ). In N,.w York llicv is „„ ,|„„;,,.,- „f tlir .I.Tlaivl i...w,.,. „t' t islai,,,-.- 
 
 t.. n-ulnt.. rat..s U.,„« ,.x...ri.s,,l. sin.-r tins ,„,«.,■ .a.iiM.t !«• ,.x,.,vis,..l ,.,>til tl,,- rat.-s 
 [iiiMluci' a rliMilciiil III excess (if Id pel- cent. 
 
 The even-is.. ..f tlie late nmki.iu' fiiMetioii l.y the •s.im,:.-- ...aniiMssio, ,„amls 
 
 eai-etui atteiitinn. Cinpetit in so far as it .I.k's exert a n-ulative f,.ire is niuie 
 
 i.iiportant in inter state than in intrastate tratlie. The various e.ann,issi,.ns evwl.-nee 
 
 111 their reports, tiieir appreeiati f the faet that t[,e re;;,ilati..n of rates is a -ieh.ate 
 
 ...atter, aii.i that arhitraiy interferenee is ,ianuero„s. It has. on the whole, 1 „ 
 
 appnvate,! that the rate making' must, at U-st, 1». a romproinise. Kven Kansas, ^^■hose 
 nam.. IS usually r...!.'ar.l.-.| as a syn.aiym for , hast i,- re^'nlation. appre,iat..s this in its 
 ivjmrts. ' ' 
 
 Tl... .-arlU.r laws an.l r.-ulation l.H,k,.,i to tli.. a,l.,pti..n of al niil.a.'.. rat..s \s 
 
 early as I NM a .•on,i,.mnati.,n of this prin.ipl,. is t., !»■ foun.i in th-n.port of th,. Kansas 
 
 ^"'" "'••"■ . ""• ■;''.l"''ti"M was l«.s,.,l on the i-sition that it «ouM ,l,.priv,. tlios.. \hu„' 
 
 at .-0111111011 points ot th.. a.lvantai.'.. ..f <-.>iii|«.titi.Mi. 
 
 In th.. matt..r..f ratemakin-th.. .- „issi,„. • with p.iw.-r ' has also us,.,| a syst.-m 
 
 of rlassiti.-ation of roa.ls. In lllin.iis then- aiv tw„ j;..|ie,-al .-lass.-s .,f n.a.ls arran.'...l 
 
 ",'''■•"■''"'- '" ""• '!<■«'■ f pr..sp,.rity .,f th.. systems. Th,. .liin.r.-ii,-.- in lat.s U-twe..,, 
 
 th..s.. j;i-oiips IS a M.iit (i pt-r ,-..nt. In I..wa th.. roa.ls an- .livi.l.-.l int.. thr.... .-lass.-s The 
 first elass tak.-s the .staii.lar.l rat.-, the s,..-oml I-'. p..r .-.-nt lii^'li..r, aiwl th.-thinl elass 
 •0|.er -..nt hi-li.-r. In (;,..„-iria th.- ii.att.-r .,f .-lassiti.-ati.a, is .-arri.-.l nni.-h further 
 111.. i-oa.l,sai-..arraii-,..l as ...yar.ls fi-.-ii^ht transp.atation in sev.-n .-lass.-s. Class on.- 
 
 tak..s th.. stan.lai.l rate, iu,.l on th.. ..thers th.-n- is a ...i.ipli.-at.-.i .rial ment .,f 
 
 lul.litioiial p..r<-..|itait..s .m .son f the .-..niiii.nlitv (•iassiti.-ati<.ns. 
 
 Th.. |K.li,-y US...1 is l«,s...l on th.. us.. .,f maxinia. In l.,wa th.. n.t.-; ar.. tix...l ..n a 
 mil..,.^^,. Imsis th.. unit heii ,iv.. mih.s. Tal.l..s ar.. i.i-.-par.-.l f,.r all .listam-.-s l..-iu....„ 
 hve ,nih.s ami hve liun.lr,..l. In -.n.-ial th,- poli.-v of lli..s.. .listan.-.. tahl.-s. l,.,tli in I.,wa 
 an.l th.. ..tli..r w.-stern stut.-s, is that th.-r.- is a fi-a.-ti.,nal iiu-r.-as.- .,f rat.- ,...r mil., the 
 traetiona, ,ti..iial in.-r.-ase [h-i- mil.. .l..,-i,.asin,i.' as th.. .listan,-.. in.-r.-as.-s. 
 
 I h.. _ • ..t rat,- Miakin- must !«-. ,„i th,. whol.., .-mpiri.-al. .\,.rmMllv th.- staii.lar.i 
 ..t rat.--n»kiii- iiuist I,.- what the tratli.- will U-ar : an.l on this a.-.-oiiiit lli.- most .-an-ful 
 .■oMsi.l.-ration t,,.-lh-,-t «hat is at Im-sI a c-.aiipr.,mis.- is i-.-.|uisit... In T.-xas an att,-mpt 
 
 '"'■; ' ""!■"''■ I'.v th.. .-,, ssi.,11 t.. has.- rat.-s on ,-,,st .,f s.-i-vi.-... It is imp.,ssil,l,. t.. 
 
 make a tli..i-.Mif:li -,,111- appli.-ati.ai .,f this prin.-ipl.-. Th,- atl,-mpt t,. .1., >o in T.-xas has 
 
 "■'.'"-'" "1' '■'""''^■' 'li-am-.-.. nts an.l has i-..sult,..l in th.- pi-o,-.-ss of th.- .-.aiimissi.,,, 
 
 iH-iii;; ti(..l up liy in.jun.ti.iiis from th.- F.-.l,-ial .-..urt-. 
 
 Al tlii-.ui'ts.-t th.-r.. uasa .lisp.,sit,ion on th,. |. art of th.. rail«avs to .-ont.-st the 
 ...x.-r.-is.. of i-.-;rulativ.. p.,w.-r. in r.-^ar.l t.. rat.-s. hv th.- .■.,mmissi.,iis. ' This p.,w.-r ha.s 
 l)..|.n lu.li.-ially .-stal.lish.-.l an.l is -..n.-i-allv r.-.-..i;niz.-.l l.v railway auth.a iti,-s t.i.lav 
 l-or ..xampl.. Inith 111 I,,«a an.l llliii,,is th,- railwavsar.- nianif.-stiiiu a f.-,-lin.' that the 
 < ,,mmissi,,n ,„-,-upi,-s a p..siti..n, in r,-uulatiii- rat,.s, as arhit.'r lN.tw...-n th.- p,-opl,. ami 
 
 Ih,. i-ailr,,a<ls. In li.itli of th.-s.- stat.-s tin- rat.- r.-irulatioii has pi-,,.- i...| with .-xtr. ■; • 
 
 '■aiv. Ih,.],art th,- railway is playing' in iii.iustrial ,i,-\,.lopm,-nt is appn-.-iat.-.! ;• 
 must 1„. a.luiitt...l at th.. sani.. tim,. that tli..re have Ihh.m .lismal failun-s in .-..nn,..-tion 
 with th,- ,-x,.r,-is,. ,.f rat.- making' p.,w,.i-s hv th.- .-..mmissi.ais. .\s has 1,,-,-n sai.l th.- 
 l.-xas ( ..mmissi,,!, has b,..-n iiivolv,-,l in .-..ntimial jaiiuliiius - th,- i.-as,,ii f.,r this has 
 
 ■■ilreaily Ih-,-ii iii,li,-at,-,l. Th.-r,- has als,, 1 „ an iiH.r.iinat,- l„-li,.f in th,- ,.tii,-a,v ..f r,-'u- 
 
 latne p,.w,-r. In Kansas th.- law has ii,,t w,,i-k..(l well. On,. j;r,-.-,t .liHi.-ult v'lias lH-".-n 
 th.- la.-k .,t ti-aiii...l m..|i to ..|if.ii-.-.. th.- law. F,,liti<-al .-.,ii,lili,,ns. ,.sp,-,-iallv .,f r.-.-.-nt 
 .v.-ars. hav.- niarr.-.l th.. ,.Hi,-i,.n,y of th,. svst.-m. Tli,-ii a-aiii th,- p,-,,pl.- ,,f Kansas ar.' 
 l>ron.- t.il.H.k tor .piu-k n-sults from th.-ir l..-islati.,ii ; an.l if tli.-s.- ar,. ii.,t ohtain.-.l tli..v 
 ar.. ...|iially i,r..ii.. t„ pa.ss t., ., th.-r l,.!.'is|ati<m from which tli.'V ,-xp,-,-t .-,|uallv r^piJl 
 r.-siills. Ca"^^oi-niais aii.,tli.-r .-as.- ..ft.-ii ),.,int.-.l t., as an .-.vaiiipl,. ,,f th,- iiiertiei,.nt 
 w.,i-kiiij; ,.f the rati-iiiakin}; |..iw.-i-. Th.- tr.mhle th.>re was that th.. ...mmission 
 att..iii|,t...l. inst.'a.l .,f i,i-.,,-,....linj; hy i;,-a.lual sL-jis, to revolutionize ,-,.ii,liti,ms ; th,> 
 result was that at the outst-t it was .lis.-i-...lit,',l aii,l its p.iwer was w..ak..n..il. Th.- m..r.. 
 , aiefii! p,,luy of Illinois, aii.! moi,- .-speeiallv ,,f l.,«a, has pr.-du.i,><i sueh eon.iitiolis. 
 
" HA If. WA rs A XD CA XA LS 
 
 nuss,on s,ut...i its vi..w, tha, ,.„. ,.ow ' -Vf L.J^s ' V"' ' •""^^"'■'"'-^'^ <-""- 
 umch.„„n.,„,,,.„t,l„,„,,,,,,,,,,,,j./,^,,,,,;';j---- ,,,, 
 
 t. The ,.o,m,„ss„m has un.l.,uht,..llv work..) wWI I l ■ '""'""" "'''^ '•<'it<'<"t...l bv 
 
 "1- 1h. >•.;.,„.,„ 1h.,,..| that, whil.; i„ tl .. -nS ^,,, "• "''>' ''"VT "■'■'•'"">• '^ -""^t 
 >«'ly. in til.. «as;. „f the .\,.w Fn.-l,...-i . •"'' ''''"* "'"' •"' I"''' <'<'"t .•,.si».,.ti- 
 
 -t. ,,. ^rassa.i.,s..tt^;:..^';:;:" ; .;ri- ;; i-i-'i'- -■ «<< ,-/ .■.-.. u;^:^, 
 
 ■"'l>">-*ant 11,.. r..«ulativ,. ,„,«,.,■ „f pul.li • i . ■ '"'" ""' I'"-""?-"''' tr.-.tfi,- is s., 
 a-f.,n ,f a„y .,.i..^a„, ,iL. J /^y, ;[''''"'' .:'• "'/" ^'•••»'<' '-"■'ilv '•"■.■-■.■.I int.. 
 
 A. fust tl......,u..ts. wh... .tt..r an .1h\ ,:;:';'''" ;"";>-"^ ^ "'"'t 'liM-.-.'nt. 
 
 '" '"•"!•",' '/'• •"■ A ........nt .l,...isi..n ..t 1. s ' s ,"" •'"■*:•-'-""■--"... w,.,... in.-lin..,! 
 
 •'■•"•t .s n„„..,l t.. in,,nir-in^^ w|„.,|„., th.M ■ ^^K ' .H ' i''!'''' V"";'! '"'^ ''■■''•''■'' »'"" »'"' 
 ;;--ia .1.. TI... Illinois 0.n,n.issi..n ,.,,,.;• j^i^'": '>" "';; *''".M.nssi,.n is jnst an.l 
 
 <as..s «|,M.h .-an,.. l...f,.r.. it witi, .•.■f,.,-.., J. t ., ' """ '" ""' ""«f "f tlu- 
 
 J:.' .. was ..nly n....,.ssa,,. t.. ..all l' . , nH^'ri'-'^ ''•'^T""' '" ^'"'^''^ ■"''■". 
 
 t" Imv.. ,t ..„n.....,...l i„,„;...|i,.„.,,.. Tl,. . , , ii, , '•' T''''"'' '" "'•• ^i"'"""" "f tl,.. IHW 
 
 -u...... Tl,.. (;...„..i, C.ann,iss ,„ ; i,; .. i' .7";;''" Z""^' !"■ "''^'■" '""" ""-'tl'- 
 
 .v^nlat,.,ns „f ,1,, C.,n,n,i,ssi.,n .vlat.t ;«,.:" r*"""\ ''^"'"'^ '''•' C'^^t vva,- ti,.- 
 
 ••'■asnnal.l.. ,„„n,,,tn..ss. Tl,.. ,...lati„ ,s 1« t ' , . " ". '""•'V'''-?'-' ""-I -"f'-m-.l with 
 
 "...n. l,ar„,„.,i„us than l,..,...t..t„,.,.. ,a | , lv , /.T'- 7' • '"" "'" ''•'''"^' -■" »" - 
 
 '.";■•• I'"f7- '^ >>.-a.,i„. ,„„„if,„,. This i: 1, V. "■'■'"•- "■»"'■'■" ""■ '-'-i^ a>,.l 
 
 T«.):i^;';:;i;',;:;;;:ttrs;::::>:r;,s"'' • '- ' - ~ 
 
 «nc« thi. i, ,„„,,i„,|lv i„,|.,,.i|,,°' ""■ '"'■'•"' '■•"■lit «r.. „. ,.v.,„i;. S- 
 
 (•>.) n,.' salaii..s ar.. t.Ki li.u- Ti,: i- 
 
 who ,.ss..s s,,..,. kn..wl../,„. ,.„!, , j^;^:; .t;;::;';:;';;;;,;""" '•' "''tain tl,.. s..,.vi., of n,.,n 
 
 no «t^;i„ ^^•:i;:r-:^::':,;;: :;: -:|;::r;;: ;;:""- f ;r "«i- " St ..as..s the.. ,s 
 
 THE KES..T. t,K T„K Wo.K OK THE COM.lssroxs OK HOTH TOH.S 
 
 llw Advisory Corniuission — 
 
 Both tyi...s ■ 'Ju«icat^Kl up.,,, a larp.. nunil)..!. „f <...n,plaints. 
 
 («'•) J'l,..v havp served f,, l)rin.r 1 
 railroads and'th,. ,H.,.ple. " "'"^ " """''' '""•>"<""--« r,.|ati.,nshi,. I^.tween the 
 
 o< .Ha"ES ririrr.:- ;:r:^s™" •"■'■ ■■■ «••■' ■.'«. - 
 
 
i 
 
 HEPORT nx HMLWAY COMMlSSKKSa ^ 
 
 SE3SI0NA1 PAPER No. 20a 
 
 The CorniuisNidii with |i<i»fr 
 
 (•>.) Tlicv lime rciidciril rates mhii')' stalilf. 
 
 (fi.) Tli.-y l.av,. iv.ln.ss,.,| ii>,.,,nMliti,.s „f rates tlinm-l, less, nin- .lis.-rin.itmtiuns aii.l 
 extortions. 
 
 (l.\ They have liarmoni/.e.l the .litlerenees « hieh existe.| IhIv „ intra state ami 
 
 .nter-state rates, therel.y helping- the interests of the I.Kal .nannfaetMrer. 
 
 (o.) lliey liave exercised a control over stati.in ace incnlation 
 
 (i».) Thev have exereis..,! an a.hantaneous eontroj in n-ar.l to irossin-s an.! safety 
 a|.i.hain<.s. ( Ihis holds true of Imth types). 
 
 (III.) They liave ensured a iiioiv ade.niale M^rvi, i, hiani-h lines. 
 
 THK I.\TKH.ST.\TK CO.M.MKIifK COM .M l.ssK tN 
 
 I'HKI.IMIN UIV STKI'S. 
 
 The limitations of tl„. State CominissioMs nnist 1„. tK.rne in mind. The intrastate 
 
 tiafhe , oes not eonstitule more that, fr |() per eent to JO per cut .,f the total tratlie 
 
 i he sphere ot state activity U.ini.' tlnis circ.imscrilH..|. the pla. cenpied l,y fcleraj 
 
 rejiiilatKiii IS slliTiiested. ' ■ 
 
 The majority of the railroads of the fnited .States have Le,., ciiMtered hy the staf 
 iejiislatures. Durinj; the perio.i from l.x.id to I S.'.u the aid in .levc.lopin^ the railway 
 system came from the state not from the federal oi-ani/ation. The earlier court de- 
 cisums tavoiired the exercise of re-iilatiNe power- over tratlie hy the Stales 
 
 I nder the constitntion the power to re;:Mlate con re,. I„.tw,.,.n tlw Stat,.s is placl 
 
 in th.. hands of tl„. I-..,l,.ral (;ov,.rnm..nt. T ,«,.stion of the a,lyi.s;,l.ility of th,. re.r„Ia- 
 
 lon of the transportation sysfm l.y th,' .vntral i;overnm..nt was bronchi toth,. front in 
 ':. ' • '". *''"^■^•'''"•"•'^■""'^■<'""lll,itt,■.■wasapl,oint,■,ito,.xamineinl,.th,• ',.x|«.,li..my 
 
 <^t regi.latin;; the various railr,.a.ls in th.. rnit..d States that ,.xfmlinto two or mor.. 
 
 State,s. as to rates ot ta.v. fivi^ht. .Vc.' A irport was pr..s,.,it..d .l,.,.larin- th,. ,>ow,.r of 
 
 the l-ed. • (j..v,.rniii..|it to c.ntrol .such niatt..rs, hut in th.. al)s,.n. f d,.|ail,.,l infornc, 
 
 tion iiotl.i'ii.' was ,lone. 
 
 Th.. Matter was k,.pt h.for.. fo,i,^'r..ss l,y the .-oiM'itions of ls7;i an,l th,. nmv,.m,.nt.s 
 ass<«..iat.Kl with til.. Grani;..!- l..,i;islati,.n : ,,..titi..n.s tor tlw ex..rci.s.- of the f...|,.ral n..'ula- 
 tive iH.wer ,.v,.r railway transportati.m pour..,] in. Vari.ais su-'..stions as t.ftli.. 
 nec^.sity of publicity ..f rat,..s, th." j.rohibition of .st.H.k wat..rini:, an.l th.. maiiifnanc.. 
 ot ..thcL.nt comp..titi<m tlir..u-l, th.. op,.ninj; up of s,.v,.ral lines of wat..rway un.l..r .'.,v- 
 ernm..nt ..ontrol w,.,.,. ma.l.. by th,. Coniinitt..e ,.f ISTl', whi.-h was app.,int,..l to .■,.iisT,l,.r 
 tlie<iu,.stionotch..ap transport.iti,.n to th.. s..a-l).,ar,l. In 1,-<7S Mr H.a..an ,,f T..x.is 
 now chairman ot th,. T,..xas Coiiiii,issi,m, foiv.'.l the niatt.T to th.. front. ~Tli,. bill „ro- 
 pose(J by hini and ad.ipt..d by th.. H.iuse of K,.pr,.sentatives was ,lrasti.. 
 
 A .pidical .l..eisioM( Wabash Railway rs. Illinois Railway Commissi.m) atlirm,-,! th.. 
 lack ot c..ntrol by thi. lllin,.i.s t'..mn.i.s,sioii, ,,v..r tratli.. ..ri-inlitin- .aitsi,!.. ,,f th. State 
 i rwr t,> thi.s, although it had U.,.n expli,itly stat..,l in th.. ..onstituti,.ii that th.. ,.x,.rcise 
 ot su..h ijower pertain...! to th.. F...l,.ral (!.,v..rnm..iit. th,. ..x,.r,.i,s.. of su.li p..wer l.y th.- 
 •state had lH.en cmnived at. 
 
 The ,l..tinitiy.. attem),! of th.' F...leral C vernment to .l..al with this matt.M- dat.-s 
 troin .March, l.x,».., wh.-n a .st-l.-ct <..,mmitt..<. of th.. ,S,.,iat.. was appoint..,! Mo inv..sti.'at.. 
 am rep.,rt upon the subj,.ct of th.. r..j;ulati.m of tli.> transportation by railr,.,.! and 
 wat..r routes in c.nnectnm or in ..omp,.tition with sai.l railroa.ls ,,f freedits and i.as- 
 «enj;ers l«.tw..,.n the s..v,.ni! .stat.'s.' Aft..r .aivful inv,.sti:;ati,m aii.l th.:" obtainin^.f 
 
 t^''!r"'V„f'''''';. " ' «''''^'? ';f r..pr...s..ntativ anion, a report was „r,.s,.nt..,l in .lanuarN, 
 
 i."^t*t). the (iiidin-sot this ....mmitte... whi.'h was pivsi.l..,! ,,v,.r by S..nat,a. Cullom 
 pmsent a searching c,.n.lemiiati,.n of th.. ..vils which had arisen from lack of ..ontrol' 
 ttl'^ws - " "''''*' '■'■'""■""' "'"'*''■ '■■>-''"''''» ^■'>i'nt'^ "I'ioh may In- sunimari/...! as 
 
 (1.) L..cal rates were unju.stifiably liij,di as comi.ar..d with thn.u.'h rates Iiat,.sat 
 non-competitiye points were un.vasonably high as eonii.are.l with tliose at c.an,,etitive 
 
" HA IL WA Ys A \/j CA A A LS 
 
 .., , -p, , ., ^-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 ^^^^^ ^<n, Capituli..ti.,„ ami Un,l...l in.l..|,t...ln..s ....... .... ,....,, i„ ,.,.„,, ^as.-s. .„. ....„, 
 
 of ti.!'ii'v;;;::;,:;:;i:;;;:;;'-"""" ■••■ '>• ""•'••'• '»>.■ ..xistin^ ..,.„.,...,„ ,... ,,, ,„.. ,...,,.., 
 
 wa. ,i„. n.sui, „f a il;:;:: .1; :.;:;;:;:l.::;:;:.™'""" "■•^'""' ""■' "- •-*" - <"< «"-! ^..n. 
 
 TMK LAW „y T.IK INTKl.-.srA .K .OMMKIlrK ...M MISSION". 
 
 I'l 
 
 to ti... ,„.„visi.,„s „f ,1,:. u\ iu -i ;\ i .'.'" ''-' ""•■ ''"""""" '•'"■"'■'■ ^'"''i-t 
 
 'l-i- Pn.vSsi,;„ tl,..,... have l.!"' 1^ h i^/ .^' ^Xl^'^^^^^ ^I'-l- 
 
 y.-a,-, a stntisti.ia,, a„.| a„ au.ii . ,• ,. ll f ';'"^'-"'f "':••■ ''t'-'T «h„ ,.......,v,.s .■^l',.^,(„) ,,.,,. 
 
 ^._^.^ll.. .xr>....s. „t tl... ,.,„.,„,..ss,on, .„..lu,lin, favllin,. ..xp..„s..s, is 1.,.,,* .!vtl,.. 
 
 .■«..;;:;;■ lir'z:;::!;^ :r,z:::: .;;• t ■ S' .iv '"-r '•"r-v"-?- - ■^''- 
 
 wat..,., u„.l,.,. a (.„„„.,„„ ,.,mt,„l f,„. ,?: Tf " ■ ' ™''''"'"'' '"• ''.v niilioa.l and hv 
 
 to,vi.n ■ou,,t,.v f,,," a f.,r..?, ".""* »■■■ 1"""^ i" tl,.. Tnit-.-l Stafs tl„-!„j,l, a 
 
 Mti..„ „i,..,.atinJa rail •, , ?vl,ot , , w . "l '"'"' '■"V'*"" ■•"'"' "' "^<' I'.V'nv ,..„•,„„- 
 l,.as,.. ""'^' ""«' "■• "l..'i-at,.d un.lor a cmfnot, a.;n.;.,„,.nt ..,■ 
 
 su.,j.2';:z";;:::;si,';";r ti^'AK'^^rf '■ ir ^''^^ "'-t'"""* -^ "" •—" -■■-■- 
 
 infonnati.,,, as it ■naV on i,l r ', ,..,■,,. *' tl,.- p.nv,.,- t.. ..htain fro,,, su.-h ,.a,.,.i,.,-s s,,,-!, 
 
 anv,list,i.t attorn..vof tl„. r„it.., P^ t t I- '^'."' * '"' ''"'""'"^ "^ f'"' '■o"'i"i«><ion 
 
 -•-''!-tl'-li.-tion;.ft,.Att.-.:v.; ,t^^^^^^ 
 
 "f tl,.. ,\ct a,.,l the enfo,.,.. ,,n; '"'"'*'•■'" l""''"'''!'"^'" "ecvssn.-.v for tl,e,.nf,.,-,.,M„ents 
 
 In ..nf.,,.ei,,^ the p,..S:"*; t^ A:rti.r''''''''™*"'"'^ ^ 
 
 suhp.,.na, th.. att.-n.]a,ce a,,, t,.sti f ■' ■'"«-^-"- >s e,„powen..l to ,.e,,ui.-... I,v 
 
 papers, taritls, .^^U o"^JT^;Zf, w,tn..s..s an.l th.. p,.,„l„eti„n of all U.,Vs, 
 tion may 1... „,a,le to a eo,;,•^t.: .X; tl,' "*' '""'"'^' "" •''" '""""•• -^I'l'"-- 
 
 ' ^ *^* H'.|un-..„,ents that th.-y a.v not to W- ,nle,este<. in the 
 
 .u- J^J'Z:;i!^;:77t^\:;u:T'''' ^^"-'r^' -^-"-tion. ..aHway eo„„„issio„ 
 a st.,te ... t<.,Tito.y .•o,npla,n>n« of any o,nission or .•.-m.uission 
 
 iPii 
 
 ■ff^-'-i- 
 
 jTY-tST-. 
 
 viil"? 
 
 -■-'-' m -in 
 
RKI'ORT ON ItAILWAY V0.VMISS10XS 
 
 27 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 in n.ntmventi.m .. tl... i.n.v.M.ms .,t th.- Act may .ipplv t.. tl ..•,m,issi„n. l,^ ..otiti,.,, 
 
 l.n..|lv .s,.tt.MK forth th.. tartM of th.- ,as... A .stat..,n,.,.t nf tl .Hnph.int is forwanl..! t.'. 
 
 the m.hvay .•oi,,|,la.nr.i ,.t ; an opportunity for nOuittal is «iv..M. or for r,.<titi.afion of thr 
 n.utt..r .■oM,pl«,n..,l ot. If th.- c.miplaint is not rrotiti..,! or if thnv s,.,.ms to W- reason 
 a .!.■ ground tor .nvstiuntion tlir romn.ission shall invoMiKatr it. Thv .onunission iir.v 
 a so m..iitut.- an in,|u.ry of its own initialiv... No ..oniplaint is to 1h. ,lisn,iss,-l Uraus;. 
 i.t absriicf i,t direct ilaMiaj.'c to the complainant. 
 
 The tindin^s and reconiniendations of thee .nissi,.n are to Ix- reear.led us ,„•;,„„ 
 
 ./,'r,« evidence u, judicial proeeedin-s as to each and ev.-rv fact found 
 
 \\hen a eonun.in carrier refuses t,. oln-y or ,.erforrn"a lawful ord..,' or re.|uiren„.nt 
 
 not trmnd,.l on a controversy re,|uirinK a tri,d !,y jury, the c mission, or anv .ompanv 
 
 or fHTson intereste.1 ,n .smh or.ler, may apply in a sunm-rv manner for its ..nforeement 
 
 to a circuit court .,t the 1 nited .States sitting i„ ,..,„i, y. the prov isio„s of this sect 
 
 "'"' t'"' 'luvst.on ,.t cMforeemeMt ot tl rder or re.,uirement l.v injunction or other 
 
 pr.H.essare pra.tically identical with those of ,hc -iuiilar clause al.e.dv considered in 
 the Iowa law. Ihe man, .Imeren-cs arc that failure to oln.y the iMJunction or other 
 
 inv'T "^" Z" " "* ''■'1'" '"■': ''">■ "''"■'"' ■''' ^'•' • ^^■^"" "'«■ ^"''i-r. in dispute 
 
 inv,.Kes .0(HH» or ■ v there is an appeal to the Su,avme C.urt. Th stofthe 
 
 pr,KM.edin«s are m.'t from the aj.propriations made for the r„it..,l States courts 
 
 Ihe features ot diHerence fr the fon-oin- priH^edure when the matter in .lisputc 
 
 istounded on a controversy iMVolvinf; a trial l.y jury are, the ai-plication for enforcement 
 
 s to l,c made to a circuit court sitting as a court of law ; the court is reouir.Ml to tix a 
 time tor tnal, which .shall not he less ,h,.„ twenty nor mo,v than fortv davs from the 
 da eot issue .,t the .uder tor the trial. The defemlanfs are re,|uire.l t., tile fh-.ir answer 
 within ten .lay.s alter the service ot a copy of the petition an.l the orde, then, The 
 
 indin^.s of tac.t ot the commission are to U- ,.rim„ /.„■;.■ evi.leuce. An appeal within 
 
 twenty days, , the matter n, dispute is in exees.s of .sj.OdO, li,.s to the Supreme Court. 
 
 I ersoiLs clamnn« to U. damaj;...! hy any .ommon carrier shall elect U'tween hrin.'in.' 
 
 a coiiipiaint U'tore the commission and entering' suit in the courts ' " 
 
 Ihe .ommissioi, has an otiicial seal « hi.'h is judiciallv iiotic,.d. it mav make and 
 
 amend, trom tnue to time, ;;eneral rules of pi-Heduiv, including forms of notices an.l the 
 
 siat!'s"c!lurts' '"'' '"''' "' '"'' "' '"'"''''" "" '■""^'"'"' '" """-' '" "-'' "' ♦'"• '■"'"■'' 
 
 The commission is empowere.l to rcpiiiv .letailed statistical re,».rts annuallv from 
 all coiHumn earners sul-ieet to the provisions „f the law. These aiv to U. ma.lc accordi,,.' 
 to the teams i,rescr,l«.d Uy the commission, an.l aiv to iriv .l,.tail.-l answ,.,s „,,on ail 
 .|uesti.ms coiic-rmn- which the .-.immissiori mav .l.vsiiv inf..rmati..n 
 
 ".^•."■' A't .f lS!».i tlw supervision of thens,. of automatic ..oupl.Ts an.l automati,- 
 l..ak..s IS lo.l^.,., „, tl„. .•om.mssi.m. [t is r..,p,iiv,l to s,.,. t., the ..nf,av..m..nt ,.f .1,,. Ia«. 
 null,.. .\ll cliar;;es must l>e ivasonable anil just. 
 
 I',il,licil., ,,/ A',,/,,... Kv,.|y .-oinmon .•aiTi,.i' ,s icpiiivd to k.vp ,,,,.■» f..r |m,I.1„- 
 insiM...tion th.. rat..s. taiv. an.l .•hai-..s l,..tw....n th.. various pla,-,.s on its lii„. It sh.U 
 
 a s.. s,„t,. s,.,,a-at..ly what..v..r frmin.-d .■h,„-..s or .,th..r .•harf...s mav alh.ct th,.a v^at.. 
 
 ..t th..rat..s, tares and .•har..'<.s. Su.-li .s,'!,, .iul.-s a.v t., 1». post.-l in tw spi.-u.a.s pla,-,.s 
 
 in all stat,.,ns and .,tli.-,.s wh,.r.. fivight an.l pass..n^...rs ar,. r..,.eiv..,| for transp.a-t'.ti.m. 
 I Ins applies also ,n the .-as,- of traflic .s..nt fr.m, on,. p,,inl in th,. rnit,..l Stall's Ihrnu-li 
 toreiitn tcrritiny to another point in th.. rnite.l Stat.'s. 
 The i„i\,IUI„d riile^t are n..t to \n- .l..\iat...l from. 
 Adconr. ,n„l HhI,..-,;,,,,. --\Vl,..n • ' s are a.hanc...l t..n .lav.' pul.li.- n.iti..,. is ,... 
 
 'I»"vd : 111 ..as.. .,t r...lucti.in, thr lays' pulili.. ii..ti,.... Th.. pn.p.is,..! ,.l,an.',.s aiv to Ue 
 
 shown l.y printm- new scImiIuI..;. ..r ar.. t.i !).■ ..therwis.. ..h.arlv in.lii.at,..!. 
 
 •/"<»/ iV-'Z-.s.- -No joint rat... far., .a- char-e can U- a.ivanc...l until aft<.r t..n .lavs' 
 noti.... has U...,, -iveii t.. th.. C.anmission ; in .as,. .,f riMiuction, thre,. .lavs' ii.,tjc<. t.. th.. 
 ^ommissi.m is r..,|uiri.i!. The iiotili..ati.m to th.. Commissi.u, must indi<.ate thecl,an-..s 
 proposcl and th, tim.. uh..n thev are to j;,, inf, ,.|1'..,.,. Th.. Cmmissi.m mav pn.vi.l.. 
 toi the pu,.licati..ii ot sn.h a.lvam...s or r...lu..tions. Publisli,.,l j.,int rafs ar.. n.,t !«• 
 .leviated trom. 
 
Si RAILWA YS AXl) C.WAl.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1002 
 
 Filinij i>/ Si-ffdiil'-K. Eiich coriiriioii cmricr In i<'(|iiiiMl to lili- with tin- (.'nniinisHi..ii 
 copifs of its «lit..iul.'s c.f iiitcs, t'liri's ami <lmr;.M'H whicli Imvc 1m-.'ii fMtiil.lisli.il itiiil |nil>- 
 lisli..<| in (iccoiiliiiKc with til.' t'..r.';.'(.iii^' r.'(|iiiictiM'Hts ; thfii- tiiii-.t aKi. !«• tiled with it 
 <M.|ii."i cif a^'n'.'tii.'iits, niiitiiii'ts and MiTaii;;.'iiiciitM with i.thiT niiiiiiiiiii riirii»Ts in if;.'aid 
 to tiallic alli-<-t.'d h\ |.iovi.sions of the Ait ; sehcdules of joint iat.> niiist also Im' lilc<l. 
 The (.'otnnnssion may |iiovid«> for the imlilieation of w> niiieli of these matters as it deems 
 lieressarv in the |)iil>lie interest. 
 
 N'e;;le(t or refusal to aet in harmony with the foreyoitiK jirovisions in re^'ard to HI- 
 inu iii-<' liiiiiishahie l)y the |(ro\ isioiis preserilnKl in the Art. In addition, oU-dienee t.i 
 till' i>rovisions is eiiforcealije throiijih the issue of a ,r,-if <,f viiindiimiin h\- a C'iivuit 
 C'ouit. If such writ is not recoitnizeil, then a nril iij iitjiiiiifinn may lie issued reslraiii- 
 ina surh otiendnii.' 1 |iany from eiiyayini; in Iransportation oi' the reeeiviiiK of |iro|ierf v. 
 
 l)i.^rrii,i'niiiliiiii.i mill I'rt'j'rniir,-^. Injust |.refereiiees. hy eolleetiiitf from anv per 
 son lhrou;;h any speeial rate, reUtte, drawliaik or ilexiee of li jfreater or less eoni|H'n.sa- 
 tioii for tlie transportation of persons or |iro|«'rty than is ehari;ed for a like ami eon- 
 temporaneous servu'e is forl.idden. The 'liuii; aiid short haul' elause, wliieh prohiliits 
 the reeeivin^' of a ;.'reater eharj,'e for the transjiortation of piissenj;er.4 or like kind of 
 property for a shorter than a lonifer disiance over the same line, uniler sulislanliallv 
 similar eireumstances, the shortei' distanee Ihmiis; inehided in the ^'leater, is only Ii 
 lieciiliar form of unreasonalile |ireferenee. In this case, however, it is pro\ ided that the 
 Commission mav, on in\esti;;ation, relieve a carrier from the operation of the clause. 
 All poolim; of freii;hls and dixisiote; of earniM<;s is forliidden. The inlluince of this 
 h'V'islation is seen in the similar elause in the Iowa law. Common carriers are tofuinisli 
 ''acililics tor interchan:.'.' of tiatlic, throii},'!! and local. I'lijust discriminations tlirou,i,'li 
 false liiUin;.', false elassiticatioii, false weiiiliiiii;, oi false report of wciitlit, or liv anv other 
 device, hy a common <arrier or its a^'ent wheieliy the person so favoured oliiains trans- 
 portation for property at less than rejrular rates, or any similar action on the part of 
 
 any person, or a-,'eiit, or ortiier of any i ipany or <-orporation shiiipiiii; ;,'oods, or anv 
 
 attempt to ohtain any such discrimitiatiim is classed as a misdcmeaMoui-. 
 
 I'i(in.tliiii.iil^ f'„r/,r III,- Art. -Violations of the pro\ isions of the Act are punisliahle, 
 on conviction in any district court within whose district the <itlence complained of tiMik 
 place or within which the otl'endiii},' railway has a representative, wlieie the road is a 
 fori'i^'ii corpoiation, hy a fine not exceediiiir s:),(H)() for each otlence. In unjust dis- 
 crimiuatioii the punishment is two years' imprisonment, or a tiiu- not e.xceedim.; s.'i.OOd, 
 OI- hotli in the discretion of the coiiit. 
 
 The individual or individuals a_'i,'rieved hy the vioiation of the Act are to receive, in 
 case the otl'ence is proved, the full amount of the damajres sustained, to^'ether witli a 
 rea.sonal)le counsel fee to l)e tl.xed hy the court in every case of recoverv. 
 
 (Iniirnd i'nivtsioiiK. The provisions of the Act ilo not prevent the free carriajie, or 
 the carriaj;e at reduced rates, of property for the I'liited States, or for state or munici- 
 pal ]iur|)oses, or for charitahle purposes, or t ■ from fairs, or issuanc-e of milea'.'e or 
 
 commutation tickets, or the ;;i%ini; of free carria,;.'e by railroads to their ollicials or to the 
 otticials of another railroad. 
 
 The Act does not ahridije the remedies e.xistinj; at common law or by statute, but is 
 in addition to the remedies so provided. 
 
 TlIK WOIiKIXr; OK TlIK INTKH-.STATE CO.MMKHCK COMMISSIOS. 
 
 The attitude of jjeneral opposition on the part of railway otKcials to re<;ulatiun has 
 ee^ised. A fjlance throu;,'h the columns of the Jidi/imi/ Ag<; which mirrors railway 
 sentiment, will readily sulwtantiate this statement. A further position is taken that it 
 would be advantaiieous if it wore possible to liave that control centralizet). (State 
 Re};ulation of liailways, bv H. P. Kobinsoi., editor of the Hail way Age, North Atifrican 
 /'-w'rrc, April, 1?^98.; 
 
 The value of the .statistical \*ork acconipli.shed oy the Commission is uniformlv 
 admitted. From tlie outset this work has had the advaiitti'je of tlie trained oversight of 
 
nnrnnr 'i.\ hmi. \\.\ y , ommissioss ^ 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 I'...r'. II. (' A.lii.MN ot' \\u- l)(.|«.ifi„rnt ,.f |'„liti,„l Kn.Mnniv in tli,. |•„i^,.,>i|v ,,f 
 
 .MirluuHM. A v...,iltli ,.f inf.iitnatioi, with .vtrrvi t.. tl,.. tinun.ial ,-.,n,|ition ..t i|„. 
 
 cinintiy lia.s licfn (irriiimiliiltMl. 
 
 n,-r.M.tin..otll,.. ,-...,mM.M..Mi. .•„,„. .,„,.,| ui,|, ,„m.>,„„Ml,.,Mv, |„v|„..alH,„ ,.,„i 
 .{.stnluitmn .,t 1... n.|«,rls. uhIimIiii... tl,.' Mat,st,.„| n.,„„t, f.„„,s, ,,,.,„i.,„s. .„-,|..,.s ,„„| 
 <ii-.iil,ifs, aii.l th.. nrrniM-, .■^.•l,lli,mli.,n mimI lilin- nf n.ilwav iv|...ii taiilN .•..nliaru 
 atid Kllit'i- (liM'iiiiii'lits. 
 
 Til." ('uiMiiiiNsidti has. sin.-.- its iiic,|,ti..ii until ihr .ii.l nf !>!»: ,.,,,1.1,1, I,., I |s-, 
 tnimal ii.v..sti«ati...,s, in which It.tL' |„.ints U■>n■u^M "i> n.il^.iv ,T.,n„inv ha\,. l»vn 
 .l.ri.l.Ml. It .I.K.s n„t toll-w timt thr f.,nn»l i.n..stii.ali.,t, aii/l tia- ,|...isi,.ns tl,..,,.n, 
 ..■n,l,.r,.. ...xhaust tl... ,sn.,H. „r' th.- f.„nnns,i„ns a.■ti^itv. I h. .M...hatnnal ,H.si,j„„ 
 
 (Hr|i|.i..(l ,v th,. (...Minnssi,.., is ^,■vy i,M|„.itant. l, .„> tl ,its..t it has takm th,- 
 
 |K.sit,„ti that th.. ,.nn,.i|,al pait „f its w,.rk shoul.j ....nsist in h.in.rin.r th,. ,.,„t,,.s 
 t.>-.th..r with a vi..w t., s-ttHn:; tli- .iispnt.s without i„..K...,.,hnL' t., niMr^ t-.anial „i„ 
 .-.•.•.line's (1 l,( .CH ,,. ;,,. Th.„u^'h th- i,ist,Mn,..ntahtv of .■,.nvs,,on,|..n,... th,. ( ',n, 
 Mussu.n has h,.,n ahl,. to s.-tth- a la.-.' iniiniHT of minor .hlli.ullu.s that i,„..ht hav,- 
 Kfown t,. virat...- |,|-o|Hations, '{■h,. e'oniinission has also, o«i„^, to th,. fact" that it 
 
 r..<;...v,.s s,.h,-.lii|..s, ,.,.,,o,.ts. .V,... from th,. railwa.vs. an o,,|K.rtunit v ..f s,i,,,,|vi. th,- 
 
 shipiMis a„,| ,.aiii,.is su.h -..mial iiitoniiati.ai in this n.i;ar,l as th.-v mav i,.;|,nn. 'Ihi 
 tuiKtion has U.,.|i ,,f iricat valu,' t,. shipi^.i-s, ,.ani,.|s ami inv,.st,.is"( |u j (•(' |! ,, v,, 
 ,'"■"/!"■ ■)'■•,;:"" 1"'^-'"' ''"■'■•• "'■'■'■ '" •■xi-t-Mo.. a hiij;.. nuuilH..- „f ..lassiliratiom,' 
 
 -'••"•'■7 "'"' ''"•"I- ' '"■ ' '" i'^^^i"" i"K.'il .-II th.. lailwavs th,. n,.,.,.ssit v .,f haniM.nv 
 
 .1 .vsult ot many ni,.,.t.n;;s. th,. .■o„|...,ation of th,. nuuis luu in^- !«.,.« ,.nMst,.,|. th,. i-lassi! 
 twatua, has lH.,.n so tar sim|,hli,.,l that tii,..,. aiv Mow tliiv,. I,.a,lini: ,lass,ti,.ati,ais \n 
 att,.m|,t IS iH.inj,- „,„,|,. 1,, ,,[,„a„ a unif...ni ,.lassili,.ati,,n. Th,. stivss laj.l ,„„,„ this' is 
 owiML' t,; th,. ta,.t that ,.|assiti,.ati,,n is at th,. l«is.. of nit,, niakin- T,, ,han.',. a ,.oiu 
 m,Mlity tiiMii on., cliiss |,> allot lii.f is to ,han^',. th,. lat... 
 
 Th,. O.mmissi,,,, has hii<l sti-,ss up,.!, th,. a.lvisahihtv ,.f havin- s,..a.lv rat, s (•> | C 
 ( .H.. p. Jl') It lH.h,.v,.s that It is a,ivantai.',.,,us for th,: ,.„„„,,,■ ,|„„ ,|,;. ,,„,,, ,j,„;,,j 
 
 ':.■";' ""''''.^- -■'•-""""■■"tiv,. (J I.C.C.It., ,,. li;i,. |.-|. tl uts..tt lual r..s,,„nsil,Mi,v 
 
 ot th,. ,.„mmiss,on to th,. ,arn,.r an,l t„ th,- shi|.|.,.r has Ik-,.,, in ii,in,l. Th,- . u.stion .'.f 
 ..xto,.tionat.. rat..s has ,.n-a-..,| the att,.ntio.i of th,. ( 'ominission. In .„„. thinl of th,. 
 ,as,.s br,.uf,'lit l)..t,ir,' it, a r..<hiction ,,f rat,.s ha.s l>,.,.n ,lir,.<t,.,l ( 1 1 I C C |{ ,, ■•■>) 
 
 Tho ,liHi,ulti,.M in r,.f,.r,.m.,. to rat,.s have i,.,,,,. n|> in ^mat ,|,.ur,.,.'in i..mn;.,,i„„ 
 .th th,. .a.lway syst,.,, ..t ilu. South. Th. -hasin^. pomf .vst,..,, whi.h ha. !„.,.„ us,.,| 
 
 th,.r,. has w.ak,.,l a -nat .h-al of harm on th.. .,,,.1 ,..titi^,. |,.,in.s. I.i .'raia.lin.. 
 
 with tl... .at,. .|u..st..,n. a matt.r of ju.is.li.f i.,,,. «hi,.h is inat,.rial to th.. who!,, of the 
 
 '■'"!■'''-"'■"',",« I"',^,;'"-. '"'« <• '^^ "!'. r.>,l,.r th,. A.t ail .•ha.-j.',s a.-,. r,.,,ui..,.,| t,, !«> iust 
 
 .....I .vas,a,al,l,.. h.. ,.nto.r...„,.nt of this p.-ovisio,, is in the han.js ,,f the C iiissL., 
 
 I he t..mmisM,,n ha.lt,, .l,.t...-min,. what ,-,.nstitut,.,l a r,.as,,nal,l,. ,at,.. In th,.ir li.st 
 .vpo.t th..y Mi-tually sa„l tliat th,- o,.ly n.l,. to a,iopt was « hat .th,. t.-atli.- will In.ar' 
 ( 1 l.t .(..{.. p .it,), I l„.y sai,l that in su,l. ,l,.tei-minati,m tln-y w,,ul,l tak,. int,. ,.,aisi,| 
 ,..ation all su.i, matt,.rs r,.hitin- to lmsin,.ss an.l ,.o,i,liti.,n of th,. .-oa.l as w..,-,. mat-ritl 
 (II.., p. !M,). I he r.-l.t ,,f the Cmmissi,,., t., .viiulat,. .afs was ass....t,.,l i„ th.. s,.x..,„h 
 
 .vport ,7 I.C'.C.H., p. 1.1-1 1). The elaini that th.. C.mnnss ..) ,.,w, .r t, ,.:.,^,.t,;i!; 
 
 what was a r,-as,,nahh. rat,, an.l ....f.a-c.,. it was stat,.,l in th,. sixth ivp,.r> This .„,siti,,n 
 .s ....t-.-at,.,! .n su,.,.,.,.,l,n- vvy„yts. it hein- sfat..,l, for ,.xanipl,.. that th,. .i-ht t., .-..n 
 •l,.nin a .•..rtain rate implu.s th,. pow,.r to in.ii.at.. what .-at,, is .•,.as.,nal,le ~Th.. ri.^ht 
 
 '■''"' '"''" "''\ '"•'■" ",' *'"" '"''i^'l '"" ■' "'iHt.ay .■•■it.s. A.. a..,..n,l.„....t t., this ,.tti..t 
 
 was su-ifcst,.,!. hut ....thin;: has l^.e.-, ,l.,n,.. 
 
 It w.M.l.l in,l,.,.,| ai,iK.ar that tins «as a l..^Mti.„at.. ...n.l n,.....ssarv i.,f,..-..n.-,. t.-o.u th,. 
 pow,.,s e..nt..>>-e.l up.,., th,. ( ■o.n.nissi.,,,. Without th,- po«..r to ,l,.,.|a.-,. what ,.„.,stitt.t,.,| 
 a i-easonahl,. rat,., th.. i..-o,...,..li.i.;s un,le.- -li,. A.t wouM aniou..t to hut littl,- Th,. 
 al,s,.n,.,. ,.t ..xp.-,.sse.l i,.,w..r in this r,.L'ai-,l is a w,.akn,.ss In tl|.. \,t I,i h eri f 
 .i,..-.s,o.,s th,. r.;il,t ,laim,.,l l.y th,. C.nmissi.ai was assert,.,! an.l ,.xen.is,.,|. In O.xe 
 H.-OS. ,..v. I^.iuKl, \ a ley Ity., an,l in th,- •0>a..j,'e .as,, this ,H>w,.r has In.,.,, exer..i.s,Kl i.i 
 .■.■j;ai-.l to freight. 11,,. r.-ht has also 1h.,.ii asserted in .-e-ar,! to |«iss,.i r traffi,- (C-.s,. 
 
 T^tT 
 
/{.tii.w.irs Asn cA.y.n.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1002 
 
 /•' Kiiri'kii S|iiilii.'"< Hv-. II l.t'.C.It.. |i. II'.'). 'I'Ik' ('iiti.iiilsHiiiii liiis tiikfii tlir k>'<><i>i<I i" 
 thii riiiiniH'tii>M tliat the clitci'ininiitiiiii nt' jii-<t itiKJ ii'itNiitiitlili' riiti'N in itii itilniinistrutiM' 
 t'lirnlinii. Till- Stuli' ("iPiiiiiiisMJiiiiH Ipiim- claiiiiril llml |iii«cr in tliit ri'^Hril wiis iilwoliitfiv 
 t'HNciitial to till' Ki'ilcral ('oiiunis.siiin { lt|it. (ia. Itv. ('iniiiii. '.'titli. p. I.'l). 
 
 Till' cjriiMioii iif tin- Ki'ilrral Mii|iiriiii> CiMirt, in llir 'StK-ial ( inli'' (iimc, wjiicji «as 
 (ji'ciijcil Mairli, j.""'.!''!, (•(inlrii>fit> tlic |Mwil.iin w hirli han iMfri mitlini'il. In this lusf, 
 ulili'li rami' ii|> iiihIi'I' the 'Inim ami ^Imi'l liaiil i'laii>i', It uhn ili'iiilcd that tlii't'i' ua.i im 
 riiMis><ai'y 'ir iiupliiMl |«p«it in the itiiililin^L.' Act wliicli ront'circMl thr rati' making' |m)«ci' 
 ( M» !.('.( '.I!., p. ■_';.')■ In anntlu'i' ilt'1'i-.iiin ut' tin- ■«anir inmt in tin- saiiii' inunlli It was 
 Ntati'il that till' C'liiiinil-siiin liail nn ]mihi'1- tii tix a nitr fur tin' t'liliiri' (l.l'.C ex. Cincin- 
 n.'itl. Nt'w <>rlian> ami 'IVx.i-. Uy.. wi' I I !.('.( Mi,, p. I I), 
 
 I'l'itVri'nci's liavi- U'cn luianlircnt In ii'rcnt yi'ars in ciintirctinn with tlir wi'Mti'i-n 
 j,'raiii trallii-. As ri';,'aiils lilMriniinatiniis, tlir ( '(.inniiHsiun tiKik tlir iri'minil in Its tii^t 
 I'i'piiil that thi'V wi'i'i' nut JMslilli'il liy thi' l.ict that llii'V \mti' ;.'iM'n tu liiillil up iniliistrv. 
 (I I. ('.('.It., p. >*■).) It lijis U't'ii till' |Killrv lit' tilt' ( 'uunnissliin to allii« pn fi'ii'riri's and 
 ii'Uali's it' thi'V Wfii' nut unjust. (11 I.C'.C.H., pp. I.'t, It.) 'I'hi' most ninininn wav in 
 «hirli the piii\ isiiins iit' thi' Act ill this icyatil iiiav hiiM' liii-ii \ lulatcd is hv the j;nintinu 
 nf iclinlc. Hell- it is cxcicilinLtly ilillic lilt tu nlilaln cv iijciuc that «ill.liad tu cunvic- 
 tiiin. 
 
 Till' inlt'iprctatiun plactil iipnn the pri't'cri'iici' clause has I n liniiti d liv judicial 
 
 cuiistrui'tiun. In till' ' iin|i<irt rate case, which was di'ii.lcd liy the Suprciiic Cuurt in 
 .March, Jf^lMl, the ;.'eiieial ipiestiuii at issue was whethei' in the can aire uf j.'ikmIs fruin 
 .Viiierican seapuits carriers, suhject tu the .Act, cuiild lawfully chai';,'e less fur the carriaije 
 iif iiiipiirt than uf duniestic trattic of like kind tu the same destinatlmi. The (^uniinisslun 
 IiikI deci leii 'hat liie iiiipurt rates jiad eiialiled tlii' furei;;ii <,'imhIs tu )m' phu'ed at inti'riiir 
 jHiiiits at iiiwer rates than Imine i;uuds whi'h had a sjiurter dlstuiice tu ;.'"• This 
 w;is classed as undue preference. The .Supreme (_''iurt decided tliat file cunditiuns 
 attendant upon the furilKii tralhc, in res]>ect tu cumpititiun, were siithi'ient tu jiistifv tiie 
 rates cuinplained uf. The cuiiimeiit uf the C'unimissiun un this ilcciNiun is tliat it defeats 
 the j;eiieral rule uf like cliar;,'es fur like service in traiispurtatiun lietweeii the same puints 
 uf Initii liume .iiid furei;;n ^'imkIs uf similar descriptiun ; that it takes fruin the Act the 
 |iruiiil>iti\e force aj.Miiist iliseriminations of this character, and that it makes the Act 
 prinide merely fur heariiii,' and iiivestl^'atiuii uf such cuiiiplaints relatin;.' to specilic rates 
 on import and ilomestic tralHc us niav from time tu time Im' presented to tilt t'umiiiission. 
 (Id I. C.C.I!., pp. i; IC.) 
 
 The ' loni; ami short h:''! ' clause permits the cummission when it sees tit to suspend 
 its upeiatiun. It was lielii as early as l^'^S."), Iiy a feileral jiidue in ()re;;un, that water 
 cuiiipetitiun was a sullii'ieiit reas,iii fur a departure from this rule. This came up in 
 runnectlun with the clause in the ' lluiilk hill, an ( )re;.'uii measure niiKlelled u|Kin the 
 Itca^'aii lilil. 
 
 Complaints arisiiii; from the viulation of this chmse have lieeii most common in the 
 South. Uuriiii.' the liist year of its operation, the Commission deciiletl tliat railroads 
 iiii;.'ht ilepart from this rule, on their uw n iiiitiati\e, when the cornji titiuii to which tliev 
 were siihjected was ' rare ami |ieciiliar." TlieCummissiun has since uverruled this position, 
 and stated that in all ileparti;res fruni the jirovision the consent of the commission was 
 a prim.iry rei|uisltt'. The uperatlon uf this clause has exerted a steailvilif; etVect un rates. 
 It lias lieeii helpful to the small shipper. 
 
 The (.'iiniMiissiun has taken the pusitiun that railway cuiiipetitiun within thel'niteil 
 States, the railway askin;; fur an exemption from the oi»'ration of the clause l)eini.' a 
 piirtv to the creation of sucli cumjietltiuii, Is no cause in itself fur exemption. This i mie 
 up in the case of the I.C.C. ex. Alaliama .Miilland Ry. The .Supreme Court in 
 Noveiiilier, l^*!'? decided this ailversely to the Commissiun's contention. It decideil that 
 existing; railway competitiun, iM'twcen carriers suhject to the Act, createtl a ilissiniihirity 
 uf circuuistances whi '!>. wmh! take tiie case out of the exercise uf the CoinniissionV: 
 liiscretiun. (11 I.C.C. H., ji. .'H et sei|.) 
 
 One clause, from which iiuicli was e.xjiectetl, is the ' anti-|MHilinj; ' clause. It has nut 
 wurked as well as was ex|iected. Sunie form uf ajjreement U-tween railways is necessjiry. 
 
Rk/'OKT i>X H.lll.n.ir COMMlSS/ttXs 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No 20a 
 
 31 
 
 Tlif l'i.iiiiiii-.si.iii lia^ ncciKiii/r.! tlial llir Muii.ii, uiilwuv a>,.»|iiri,,ii- itihl tiiitlii nan-r- 
 iiifiitM Imvr li<'.'ii iis..»ul ill ••stiihli-hiim unci ..l.taiiiiii«"|ii'''liiit v ..f |..iiit nit.w ,i,^\ jn 
 ..litiiiiiiiitf jolnl iiimiiiii; Hiniiiu.niriits. Itiil it is r,,ii,i,|,iv.| thai .laiii; t.mi^ t.aliiics aiv 
 
 .•..iiiM,t.-.| «illi llinii. (10 l.f.lMt., |,. s.l.,.| ,...,.) At ail .ailv.lat.' II,.. run ,m,.ii 
 
 .■xpivH,,.,! th.. c,|,iiii<>ii that tiatlir asM,«iati.iiis ,\,,t littj,. imliirnr.' m t|„. iiniiiii.iiai.r. 
 aiul iiiiifcrmily ..f latrv (1 I. (■.(Ml,. ,,, :,. , ()„ ||,j, |„,iMt ll,- N,« V,„k ('ummi-M..,, 
 Imliji tlic n|i|M>sitf ((|iini(in. ( I .'> N.Y. Upl.. p. ■"<.) 
 
 Tlw i|iif»li.ih »i a rliaiii.' -.1 attiliid.' t.ivMinU |i.«.liii;; \„i- iM'.n iu,c,.i| t<> tlir tn.iil in 
 .•.,Mr,..ticiii with 111,, vaiiiais tialli,- aitiv.iii.iits. Tli.' a«iv.-iii.iif m ||„. \V,.s|,.,ii Tniiik 
 
 li-i.'N ill Ix'.Ki, aU.. kiic.«i, as th,. I'iii,,ii L,,,:;!!,. CI,,!, a^i.' lit. «„ .'ss..|,ti,illv a i..».|. 
 
 It |.|ini.|,.,| for a pcn-iiitai;.. <lni,i..i, i.t' .•iii,,|.ititiM. tiatli.-. 'I'll.. ,i.iim mt ,'laiii, iim.l.. 
 Iiy th,' railways, that tli.' nnly way t., ol.xiat.' ll„. i,.<..,Mtv ..t' u'iNiliy ivlmt,-, is ,,, allow 
 |"H,iii,i.'. (lilaiii'liani llail«ay l'.»,N, |,. C,. , I„ tlir apixiiijiN to tli,",|stl. iv|h„| ,!|||„. 
 C.iaiaisNioii a lai-.. aiMoiint ,.t' trMiniuny. <> ',i,li .,i, tl,.. « li..j,. Iaw,i,rv,l p,»,|ii|.. ,i,„|,.r 
 -MU.riiin.-iit .ii|M.r»isi,Mi. is «iv,.|i. A .|iialili...| approval of tins posiii,,,, is ,oi,t,"i,i..,| i„ 
 
 •' '-'"•'' ' .""■♦• '" •'"• -'l-'Wiilli npcat it is still.., I that a iiia|..rit v ..f tli.. ( •oii,i„issio|, 
 
 favour piH.ls iiii,|..r lioMriiiii.'iit siip..rv isioii ; a f.-ar is .■xpr..ss..,|,' l|o«,.x..r. that th,. 
 
 strailviiii; ,,f rat..s «oulil Ih. .,l>taiM.',| at tlii. I'Xpi.iis.. ,.f , p,.titi,.ii. 
 
 Th.. K,.rak,.r hill. «l,i.h «as iiitnKl,i,,.,l i,, ,|,.al with this iii,itt,.r, ivpiiivs that all 
 
 p,K.liiii.' .•..ntrafts shouhl Ih. til..,| «ii|, il,,. ,-,,i,iii,issi,.ii ; th..v ai,. not t > into ,.|r,.,t 
 
 until approv,.,!. 'rh.y may U- anniill..,! at anv tiin,.. It als.i ^i\,.. p,,«,.r to .hai aiiv 
 
 an,i all rat..s inaiiit,iiii,..l iin<i..r p,»,|inii ....ntra-.ts. .\|th..ii..'li \< ■ hanllv pn.Uihh- that 
 smh a ,liast„. .haiii.'.. will, for ■ .„.. tin,,, at l..asi. 1.. a,-.-.pt..,l. th.. raili;,a,|s. in vi,.» .,f 
 th.. iiiis,.ttl...l ....nilitioiis intr.Mlu,.,.,| l,v tl,.- .I..int Tralli.. Ass.K-iatioii ,|,..-isio|, will 
 proUil.ly 1„. will,,,;., t,, a,.-,.pt a .•..nsi.hrahl.- .-..ntn.l ,,f niaviinniii rat,.s in ivinrn f.,r th,- 
 acivptan.... ,,f p,»,|iii;;. Althoii-h a ina,i,.ritv of th.. Coniinission h.iv,- pn.nonn,..) tli.n, 
 s,.h,.s as not op|K.s,.,l to p,H,lii,i.'. nn.l.'r ivstriitL-ns, vt it is ,, ,/. ,»;,,• ,•.>..,/. T\»- manilVst 
 pr.t..r..ii...' ,,f th.. ('oiiiinissi,,n is that th.. aiii..|i<liii.'.|ils. ,.!„.« |„.r,. i,f,rrv,| to sj,,,,,!,] |„. 
 tri..il. 
 
 Tli,d</.,ls ;„ Ih. Art. i\.) Lifk ..f ,|..|init.. stat..ni.nt. Th,. p..w,rs ,,f th.. ('..n, 
 n,i,s.sion as will l». s,...n in th.' for..K.,inj. parai;raphs. ,i,,. n,.t .■l..arlv ,.noii-l, in,li,.at.. 1 
 Ihis is .111.. Ill .•.,iisi.k.ral)l,. .l..-r,.,. to th.. fa-'t that tl„. L.-islatioii was a .■,.n,proi„i,.. 
 
 _ (J.) Ijick of |H.w,.r. It'th.. .I..f..|i.lant will n,.t ,.Ik"v th.- iv, , n.latioi, ,,f th,. 
 
 ConiiiisNion th.. (.oiirts |,av.- to b.- l.».k...l t,,. Th,. n.,-oiiini;.|i.lati,.Ms aii.l ,l,.,isi,,ns ,,f th.- 
 
 ( .>ni-.iis.si..|i ai-.' to Ih. tak-.-ii as /,(•/,«..,/;„•,. ,.vi,i,.n,.,. in su.h pro.- lin-s. Tl„. C.iii 
 
 mission has coniplaiii.-,! that it has ii,, tinal p,,w..r In niaiiv .a^.s tli.> ..airts lia\.. 
 
 pnH-,...,l,.,i ,/,. „,„.„. (., IX'.CM., pp. |!.L-:'). Th.. ,-,,ns,.,,n..|i,... of this has 1h...|i . 
 limitation of [M.wt.r. • If a ..arri..r tan .siini.lv iiiiioiv th,. lin.lin-s ,,f th,. Cmmiissi,,,, an, 
 wait tor a m-w trial in the courts aii,i iii«,ii ilim.ivnt tcstiiiDiiv, in a pro.......iin.' t,. U. 
 
 iiHtitut.Mi ,.n,i ..arrif,! on hy th.. Commission, th,.r.. ,an Ih. ii,."<-,.rtaintv ui„,n ,u,v a,i 
 imni:,trutiv.Miii,>stioii until tli..jucli,'iii<-Mt ,,f th,. .-.aiit .)f last r,.s,,rt is pr,,n'ouii,.,..i ami 
 tht> ,l,.lav al,>ii,. substantially ,|,.f,.ats th.. i,.m.<ly. ( 1 I. (_'.('.!!.. p. In., 
 
 As a ivsult ,.f this c.inlitioii <as,-s hav,. ,lni;;:r<''l "ii. C,..\c I'.ios. ,-,. I,,.hi:.'li Valliv, 
 th<- '.S,H.ial ('ir,.|,. ■ ,.,is.., th,' •iini",rf rat.- .'as,, aiv ..xampli.s of .•as,.s whi.h har.Mlia.''.'.,i 
 on tioni th.vc t.) tiv,. y.'ars iH.f.av Uin- linallv s,.ttl,..|. Th.. av,.ia.,'.. ,liiiati,-n of ."rs,.s 
 «-lii<h hav.. !),...» pr,,s..<.ut,..l l)..f.,r.. th,. .-ourts for the ..nf,,ir..m..iit ,,f th.. Act h^ . 1h...ii 
 alH.ut tour years. (11 I. (_'.('.!!.. p. ;{i'. i 
 
 Some <l,visi.,ns. already ,|uot.><l. hav,. in.iicat..,] what .■ss,.|itial ,han.'..s in th,. law 
 liav.. h..,.,, ,„a,i.. l.y the courts. Furth.'r ,.xampl..s mav !»• ,.it,.,l. Claus.. four pi-,,vi,l,.s 
 
 •a ,i.'reaterr,,mp.'nsati,,n i.s not t,. Ih- i ,.iv,..l f, r tiaiis"i„,rtatioi, ,,f Ijl-,. pr,,|H.rtv ,in.|,.r 
 
 similar circumstanc's ami ,.,,n,liti,,ns f,,r a sh,,rt..r than f,,r a l,,n-,.r .listaii.-,. ,'.v,.r th.. 
 
 ; .same lin." in the sai liiviti-.n, the sho.ter iH.iiii: inclu,l..,| in th.' -r,.ater .listam-e ' In 
 
 construinj; this pr..visi,,ii, th.. ( •,,nimissi,,n has assum...l that l.v the w„r,l • line ' a phvsi.al 
 , hue IS meant. The ..ouit.s t,H.k the vi,.w that tl-er.. are is ..lanv lin,.-. :,-; rhi-n. -n-.- 
 I carriers, ami that .-a-'li is wholly iii,lep..M.|..„t .,f anv ..th.'r as leiir.ls th.. Icalitv of 
 I "It''''. U"«l^''- the fourth s..cti.m (s,.e (1 l.f.C.K.. pp.:!!-: ami 7 I.C.C.I!.. pp. .(-/..t sV,, ) 
 I It will be se.-li that this ojHMis up an easy wav for evarlin- tl,,- provision. In th.. e..ii 
 
/.'.J//,M.I ts AM) CAXAI.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 stnirtlcll i.t' s.^tiuli ■.':', «l,ir|| ii'liili'N I., thr iu«.. ill wliirli hvv „l nijiii.^l ll,il|,|M,|tn 
 
 (ion limy Ik' liiimtiil, till' ('•iiiiiiiix-.ioii Im'IiI tliiil llicif cniilil U- iin -mil t'r .r n-diir.-ij 
 
 tiiiii»|«,ilii»i..n ill r.,i...> not ii.Minl l.v this s»hIi,,ii. 'I'll ni.At of llii' siThoi, ttoiil.l 
 
 " I I" xiil.stiiiitiiiti' this |H.Nitioii. 'I'll.' .•oiirlN. liowfMT. iiKik il).' jHiiitioii flmt tli.- 
 
 iIi'IiiiIn iiii'iitioiiiil Wen- illiiHliiitixi' not f\ir|iti\.'. (ti l.<'.('. U., u. :'il. ) 
 
 'I'll.' <'.iiiiiiiiM>ioii I Liiiiix tliiit, -.iilij.-.i lo XII, Il rt.\i,.w, iix til.' loiirtM lorixi.l.r pn.iM.r, 
 till' oriliT, ot till' ('oiiiiitixxioii xJMiiilil Ih' not iiicii'iv /./•(■/«.( /■•,'. I'viili'Mi')', liut com |ii,iv,'> 
 
 oil till til.- |,llltirx,ot ||l,..|, (II ICC H., p. >(.') 'I'll.. r.HolllixMoll ,„lil|,|„iMx l.itt.llv 
 
 '.!' th.' atlitiiilf of til., ii.nit-.. Mmiy iMiiiiiil.'x iiiii;lit l» iMt.-.! finin ri'i.'iit i.|Kiit>. Tli".' 
 ixtiviii.- .,t' xtat.'iii.iit i« to In' toiiri.l ill llic [•.•|.,,ii tor I"-!!:, wlii.li xiiv» flmt jiKli. ml 
 
 (Icisioiix liin,. so shorn th.' (' iiission of |M.«,r that it Imx i'.hm'iI fi !»■ ii I»k1v for tlin 
 
 r.-iilMlii.ii of iiit.istat.- .Mrri.Ms. ill l,f.( ', ||.. p. .-,|.) 'Hi.' siim nij.ianix ,ip|H.,ir 
 
 ill thi' nc!\aiii.' sIm...|, of th.' tw.'lfth ivp..rl. Th.' <'oiiiiiiix>.ion aU.i •••iiiplaiiis that, im n 
 vvHuU of this .•.)n.lilioii. th.' niiiwaVH aiv not olMAiiiv' lli>' law as loyallv ax at Ih.^ oi'it.x«.t, 
 U'.aiix.' • th.' piiK...<lin(is ami ..i.I.mx ,.f tli.' ('..liiinixsion «(> for iiothiii«. Smh ix th.' 
 tll.xlry of th.' pivx. nt Art ax inl.-rpii't.'.l hy th.' .■oiirlx." (|| l.( '.( '.|(.. p. .( I.) .\m a 
 (HTKlanl to Ihix xtaf.ni.'iit may In. .ifcl an .•xtra.t from th.' .lixx.Mtin:; opinion .if Mr. 
 .Iiixti.T llurlaml in M loii).' ami »li.irt haul i-ax.',' l.t'.C. .■<.. .MaUiiim .Cli.llaml Hy. Co! 
 liiiil otiiiix, alxo knoun ax tlw 'Troy ' .ax.', uhiili wax (|i-<'i>||.<| hv ih,. Siipr.in.' Court in 
 Nov.iiilH'r. |s:i7. ''I'ak.'n in conii.'.'ti-iM with otlici ih'.'i,ionx .l.'liniii;.' th.' |«.«..is,.f tht» 
 hil.'ixtat.' Coiiiiii.'ric ('.iiuinisxion. th.' pr.'x.'iit i|.'.ixion it xccmx t.i m.- ),"»x far to nmk.- 
 tht' C.iiniiiixxioii a usi'l.'xx ImmIv f.a' all pni.tii'al purjM.x.-x, ami to il.fcat inanvofihi' 
 iiiiportiiiit oliji'ilx <l.'xir.'il t.i Ix' a.'i-oiiiplixli.'(l l,y tli.' xurioiix .■na.tuifiits of (''on),'r.'xx 
 rclatiiiittiMiit.'rstatcconun.'rc.'. It hax U'.'n xhori'i, liy jmli.'ial i.it.'ipi.iiition. of authority 
 t.i ilo anythin;.' of an .•ll.'.'tiM' charait.'r. ("^uot.'il in I I I.C.C.H.. pp. ."id I.) 
 
 (.'(.) A n.'ii'xxary .'..roliary fr.mi th.' foi'.'j;.iin;; is that the e.x|Miix,' i,, th.' imli\i.lual 
 .•oinplainaiit ha.x li.'.'ii mm-li jri-i'iitcr than was anti.ipat.'d. 
 
 (I.) I .■.iiixiijcr th.' la.'k of 11 r.'.|iiii'.'iii.'iit as to t.'.hiiical i|ualitii'ations on th.' part 
 
 "*' t'"' I'" lission.'is ,is a .li't'i'.!. 'I'lic term is also to. xli.irt. Thi' olitainiii;; of tli.> 
 
 i.'.|uisit.' iritinia.y with tht- conditions of th.' prol.h'iux, even when th.' Comiiirsxioncrx 
 arc ti'.'hiii.ally .|ualiti.'.l. is a work of tim... A niu.h loii«.'r t.'riii if not a lit'.' term 
 ix r.'.piir.'.l. This woiil.l have the iid.l.'.l ii.lvantaL'.' that llii' |i.'rman.'m'y .if tin' positi.in 
 .■.iiipl.'il with an a<l.'i|uat.' salary woulil .nalil.' a wi.l.'i- .hoi.-.' t„ U. nmd,. tlm,, j.^ „, 
 pr.'s.'nt iiossihl.'. 
 
 xl.,(iK.XTKIl \MKMlMi:Nr» To TIIK ACT. 
 
 Th.' r.'|Kirts .if th.' Coiiunission .■..ntain a nuiiilM'r of suv%'.'xti'.l anicniliii.'iits w hi.l' 
 may 1m' suiiiMiiiri/.'d as follows : 
 
 (I.) Clian;,'.'s in rat.'s, .'ith.'r r.-.lii.lion or incicas.', shoul.l r.'.niir.' tillin;; of iiotic' 
 with tlw Coiiiiiiissi.iii at l.'ast sixty .lays In't'or.' th." chani.'.' ix to take .'tl'.i't. "tIi.- Com- 
 mission may allow the .lian^'.' on less than sixtv .lavs' ii ' iic. 
 
 (J.) If th.' .■. iiissioii I'.insi.l.'is the rati's. far«"8 oi . hai-fjcs so lil.d unr.'ason/ilil.' or 
 
 in \iolalioii .if th.' law tlii'V may ilct.rmini' what arc icasoiuihlt' ratis, .Vi'. 
 
 (•'!.) Wh.'ii it is d.termin.'il that a .'arriiT has vi.ilat.'d th.' .\.'t. the Commission shall 
 .M'd.'r smh .'arricr t.i pay t.i th.' (•.implainant th.' sum t.i whi.h h.' is cntitlcl licforc a 
 ii'itain .lay. In a.Miti..' to th.' jiower to or.lcr th.' .'arri.'r t.i .li'sist fr.im such violation, 
 th.' ( 'ommission shall Ik . iiiiK)W('r.'.l (a) t.i fix a maximum rat.'. (/.) to tix a minimum rat.''. 
 ('•) t.i .li't.'iniini' ilivisions Mwccn joint carriers of a j.iint rat.' aii.i the condifi.ins of 
 intcrcliaii;,'.', (il) to mak.' iliani,'<'s in classiti.'ati.m. 
 
 ( t.) Anordcr, oth.'rtliaii f.ir payment .>f money, is to U' known as an a.lministrativi' 
 .irdel. W hi'ii sii.h or.l.'i- is ilire.'te.! to a conimon larri.r who has lieen violatiiii; the 
 pr.i\isi.iiis of the A"t. iinh'ss the .arri.'r liriiif,'s suit .m it within thirtv .lavs froin th.' 
 
 i.ssu.' of the .inler, it shall 1h' linal in its .i|H.ration. If it is m.t oIm'V.'.L th.'Co issi.m 
 
 may luin;,' suit f..r its .'iiforcement. ami if it appears that the carri.'r ilis.ilH'v.-d an older 
 
 i,i.\^ •■'- ' '* ^*: ••' 1.1. . I. -...I.. . jTi}?r i'— TKtiii the tii-t»trt'a;cru'c or enioi\e 
 
 ol»'.li.'m-.'. 
 
 (•").) Throu^'h ratios ami through routes the Commission asks f.ir suhstantially th.' 
 jMiwcrs, in this resjiect, possess.'.l by the Kn<;lish Commission. 
 
ItKlititT n\ I! Ml. WA r CiV.Misslns-s ^ 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 .n^-!.ri:iw!':;;i;:':;;z!,:':':i,!::''/'''r" *- " ■■^*'- ■■•■i"' ^. ••- - ..,« 
 
 IIKkI t.TN (,►■ TIIK . ..MMISNIONS ttn|,K 
 
 ■...-.•"mm''';;;:"./';;;: ^l:.:';:::: *;'::■::::'' S" "i';f '/••'••/• '-'•• 
 
 n,i«-,i.,M «M„1.| -o|w..l,..,.M.I.l,.,M , . "'"/.'' ,.""■"■ ^'I'" ">,f„,,.af..,| that tl,,. C,,,,,. 
 
 '--i-' i^ '-v..,..i ,1... i«M„, ;:,;'i^;;;'/'>-.;7> -'''''•'-•-•-''•• ''^ i^^-ia 
 
 •'f tl... pn.l.l,.,,, rrw. ..w>r U. .,.,.„iv,l «ii„ ,. i ■ ',"' " ^""^'"-••'"v s..l,.t,n„ 
 .1- -.... l-li..v../ ,11.. ,t , IS V " ""' ""' '" "'^' ''%'->■"'•... tl,.. , „„„.,, 
 
 ■ J- -^'"/ !.,;;.',.:,i„:. ,:^:„::':;;':: r,,:',::'^;- • •- ■■ -^ 
 
 ^v.,i.Hll.!::,,;:;;.;::':;:;r::::j;!vi;:;'::;;;:,;;r'-''''''- a.,. a.^ .,«.,,..„,,..., ,.., 
 
 ,„ |S,s;. " """'"""'^ "I- .tH,„„,„„.,l,|y U.tt..,. than tl.'.y s,,-,-^ 
 
 fn sm„rii.ifi/ii,- tl,.. i.-MiltN,i,. ,■„,„., Ii>l„,| |,v tl,. (•„, ; • .i • 
 
 I Kivoa,-.. ,„k..„ »•„„., a ,.a,„,,|,|..t l.y M . , i | P ,„ TT' '""' '"''" '"'""^ 
 
 ..f the Joint Tialhc Ass.;.,-.,, ..„ ■rVi ' , ' ''''""•I''";'. «l."»as ,„„. ,,,• tl„„ir,nals 
 
 ^^^ ^^_^^ ."...t...„. ||„„ ,,a,„|,|,|..,. ..,.,„|,.., ,i„i|„„^^, ,.,„,,^^ _^ |,n,,a,|u.,y 
 
 ",•' j* ["-;"■'■' . ..'••.. ,.ul,!i..ity .,f ,at..H. 
 
 (-.) It 1,1- h'ssiiiiil up.. II ,„|,. wars. 
 
 (•■I.) It U- ...iiializ,.,! :.,..- ai„l.s|„„t ;,,,„1 rat.., 
 
 1.) t has ,.x..n.,s...l l„.,„.li,.ial «an,i„,.,„ ,,.,li,.,. ,,„«..,.,. 
 
 ;;• '"^ :''■■'"•••"' •"";■'' '";l"^' - Ma;;ai>,st',her„ilwavs. 
 
 (Ij.) II lias tN.,.ii rniitiK.llv ...liicati.iiial. 
 
 (7.) M has l»...|, jii,li,.i,,i,;iv ,i.ltiii.iist..,,,| 
 
 (■>*.) It has l«.n..(if,.,| th.. si|.al!,.f shipp.r 
 
 fof ■•ai!:'..S;""""' " ' ••■ ""''"■■" -'"-'•-•"-' ■• '-""-•■l.'^l u V u,„f,„.„, |.a,|, 
 
 (l«'.) Ilss,a,i,,i.,,l «n,kl,aslK.,..:of;;f..at ^„l„... 
 
 ■•f ...:t..„:..i:- !:;:ir:::,':;;'n;:;,h:;;!:::'-' ^- ^' "■■- - ••'-• - - •> n. ti..„ 
 
 r.VNADA 
 
 Earlier /..gUiln: .UtU„ri> r,„nn-ds Cn.frnl... f,, .1.,, <',,..„!;,„ ., • 
 r.".,sn,.,. ,„v.,,„,.i !,y trans,,.,rtati„n «as „.„ h„w t„ ,l..al ui,' :.•"•"":'.'" i:'"vu>cr.s the 
 
 "' " vils i.f thi' system, 
 
 >M.'I.-U'islati..n«as, inthoinaiti, i>.fh,..,,,.^.,i Intl..' isiativ.. „r..,.,.,|.„„ • K f, , 
 
 l-.M;.'lanfl am .)f t he Init.".! Stiti-s 'I'l,,.. -i , ., -^""'*' li"""l.nts Ixitli of 
 
 .v,.nntiv..effi.,.tsof,.,,m;;;i,^,;,f • "'" '"'""'"'' "'" ^■■"'>'" -"■•"■'-' '-li-f in tho 
 
 :'W-:( 
 
&r11^:iM.M'iiJiii-iL-m.fVcl^^^^ 
 
 34 
 
 /.'.I//. ir.i rs AX/i ^'.lA^(/.^• 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 At an I'ailv liiin', Ikiwi'Vcl', soni' |ii(ivisiiiti> hciiriii^ on mmjic ph.isi' ut' ii'itul.-ilinii 
 iiri' t'> 1)1' t'oiiiiil. Till- fiiilior i«illiy <lill'cri'(l in the pinviiicrs. 
 
 In !,n«i r CniKiila tlir cliaili'/ "i tlii' St. Liwifiici' ami Cliaiii|ilaiii Itailway cun- 
 laiiiiil iiia\iiiia. Thii i' « as al>ii a iiiaxiiiiuin (livicjciicj iiidirati'ij, ami it was |irii\ iilt'd 
 lliat wlicu tin' rates ,illu«c.l |iriMlii<'i-(| iiinff lliaii I- |pi'f cent, the lates. i.e. inaxinia, 
 sliiiuM 1"' reclueiMJ i>Mi' t'liiil'tli. This is iiiuulileil mi the siniilai- elaiise i?i tlie <-haiti'l' ut' 
 the LixeriiiMil and M,in<-hes|er liailway. 
 
 Ill I'pper Caiiail.i the leirislatlll-t', ill llie (halter nf the Ccilnaii-;,' liailuay, ;;.i\e tin' 
 (linM'tdis lit' tlie eurpciriitiiiii power tn fix mikI rc^'iilate r.ites. It w;is assuiiie<l in the 
 leu'islatioii th.it there' woiildhe elVeetivc' eoiiipet it ioll on the roadlied, eaeh indi\ichial 
 heiim allowerl to use it on p.ayiiieiit of delhied way t()l|s. 
 
 In New liriilisw iek the attit ude show ii was iiiiieh more /-(/.«.s. ; /-(//v . The eli.irler 
 of the Ni'W lininswiek aii<l t^liielM-e Itailway in IS.'tti ]pro\ided that the coinpany was to 
 i-h,'iri.'e siieii rates as it eonsiilered reasonalile. This was siilijeet to the limitation that 
 
 after ten vcvirs from tln' e pletioii of the road the le;,'islal lire iniixlit, if the to|l> weri> 
 
 (leclared exi essi\c, rediiei> them so that tin'V slhaijil not |p|d(liiee ;i ijieater rate of protii 
 tliail ■_'.") |ier eilll. 
 
 .\ reservecl rii^ht of piiieha-e whiili appears in sonii' of these earlier .\ets is also to 
 !«■ reLi.irded as one phase of as^i'ited eontiol. Tliis elaiise wa- derised from I'nited 
 St.ites' experience. 
 
 In tile le^'islatioii of the perioii l>^t."i IT, a cliaiiLrinv attitude shows. Tiie attempt 
 
 to rei;iiiate till' rates aiit alically tiir(MiL;li the operation of tiie dividend was ;;i\eii up, 
 
 in the ch.irti'r of tiie .\tlaiitic .ind St. i.awreiice Itailway in |S|."), .ind it was ]iroviiled 
 
 that on aii net im le in excess of 1 -J per cent ;i t.ix of one iialf was to U' paid. This 
 
 was a dejiartiire from |-Jn;iisii precedi'iil. 
 
 In is li'i an alti'iiipl wn- made in Canada to systematize tlie laiKvay policy liy 
 'Irafliii;,' i.'1'neral l.i« s. I n th. -ame year Mr. Gladstone, then Col'iiial .Secretary, re- 
 comiiieiided to till' \arioiis colonies tliat wliene\er tlie railway (iroliis exceeded I .'i ]ier 
 
 cent tiii'ie hoiilil Ih' a resision (if rates. .\ general recoiiii id.-ilion in fa\our of a 
 
 state iHirchasi' clause was .also made. 
 
 The di\eri,'eiit |iolie\- on the matter of rates canmenced to be liaiiiKaiized, the 
 practice of rpper Caii.id.i lieini; on the whole in the predominanci'. Tliere wastiio 
 added ]a-o\ ision in tile ehaiter of tlieCanad.i .New UniiiswicU and Nova .Si-otia Itailway 
 in I.'^IT that the rei;iilation of tolls Uy the directia's should he exercised Miliject to the 
 appidhation of these tolls hy the ( lovernor in Council. In Isplit was provided in the 
 cjiaiter of the St. Lawrence and .\t lant ic that 'tolls w, re to he ehar:;i-d ei|Ually to all 
 pi'i'soiis under till' same circiiiiislanees.' This is li.iscd on the Imperial lenislalion of 
 1^ l"i. .\ pro\ isioii f.a' postiim up rates in a jaililic pl.iee appears in \arioUs charters of 
 IM7. Tile si.iic. pun-hase clause w.is retaini;d in .aiiieiideil form. In the charters 
 jiiaiiled in 1 S 17 and sulise.iueiil years, i! is stated that railro.ids were not exiaiipt l>y 
 their special charters from till' opeiatiiui of any v;e!ieral railroad law that iiii;;ht suh- 
 se(|iiently lie passi'd. 
 
 In the perioil interveiiiii^ iH-twceii this and the cinfodeialioii time, the policy in 
 reiiard to rej;iilation is somewhat lliictiiatini;. lnrej;ardto rate rei;ulation the policy 
 of a tax on ili\ iilcnds in excess of a certain lium-e was favoureil as late .is ls."i0. The 
 matter was set at rest liv the 'liailwav Clauses Consolidation .\ct in l^.")l. which pro- 
 \idi'dthal -tollswcre ti^ he lixed hy the directors suli.jecl to the appro\al of the 
 (io\eriior-in t'ouncil, ami that theiv wi'i-e to !«■ no jirefereiu'cs.' 
 
 In the Noxa Seotiaii le;;isl,ition of this period it is stated explicitly that there ari> 
 to Im' no iircferences. In New iininsw ick an explicit statement to this eirect is also 
 found in l.-^'il. In I S."):! No\ a Scotia declared the rif;ht of the ( Jipveinor in Council to 
 l-eqlliiv th.at the tolls should lie appro\ei| liy him li,'fore they iMM'ame o]M'ratne. 
 
 The .suinmaiy t;ivi'n will indicatA' the evdhition of the iirinci|ile .set forth in this 
 matter in the Itailway Act of If^tiS. 
 
 T/i-' I'l-rsi'iil t'li.iililiiiii. The intejiiatioli of the pro\iiices in the I »ominion hrouiiht 
 
 to th*^ front some of tlie i|iiestionH eonneet.",) with the railway pnihlcM,. Tl arllest 
 
 pniicct for a more t'Hfetive eiintidi is contained in a hill intitHliiced in l.si7.'il>y Hon. 
 
mw:ki^.^^.^mm m^^^'^n.^MtMm^^m^ 
 
 iiKi'oitr i>.\ UAii. ir 1 )• coMMissioys 35 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 Mr. .)l,v..r -tnr tl,,- U-,u-v n.^Milati,,,, „f ,1„. ,n,.li.- „„ n.ilwMV. Tins 1„11 ,„-,,u,|,.,| ,„,• 
 
 M.atU..ut „.,|,nn..,| ,M,.tl,.,.|s„f ,v,.,h„i„M w„s ,vtVn,.,| i„ Is;.-. „. ,. „:; : , "" 
 
 ,,.v..,,.,i. II,,.,... i„s ih.,.„ ,.„ ,„..,..,si„, u„iv „f ,,„,,ii„ „,„„i„„'i„,„. .„, ,;■;;;; 
 
 .•atu.vsnf railway t,-aMs,„„.tatinM l,;,s .n.,!,.;.!!- , - ..: ri.„| J .,;,,' "'T'' 
 
 tnr,l..al,n^'w,tl>s„..l, ,.,att..,-s. .Matt.Ts ,,f rail«. ,. „h,f,,., ,■,. tl, ' , ' V J 
 
 .-..MM,, .rati,,,, is l.,.st „l,tain,.,| f,-,„„ ,. m.^H,.,. i:„K- ,, , ..V-,, „"',,■ , "r 
 
 «-.a,la,h,..l,...|a,.at.,M„f„,.i,,„„,. „.„, r Va„.. I,v I'a.l' ,„„., ^.^VS ' | , 
 
 Hi M,.w„t,l„.ta,.. that tl„s,.aM ,„„ I x,.,-..i.,.,l „„„| , ,|i.i,|„,„| ,„■ ,,„,,■ ,„.,," 
 
 ;■'"■' '• ^'"'l' ''•■'■l^:'-t.;.M „f ,,„w,.r ,. ,„ ,„„|„„,, ,, „ ,„ , ,„„.|,„,. „,,„.,, 
 
 tna u,. „,,,s, l,„,k t„r tl„. ,.,.,„h„i.,. f„„..,.„„. .\. ,, ,. ,„.,.„i„.,i „„, i, , i,,^, ! ; 
 
 .t tl.,. l!a,lwav( ,„.„„.,„.,.. an.l .,. .„„„. ,l,.„v,. ,.l„„,.„.iv i„ ,|,.. l,,,„u ,„■ ,|„. .,.,7 
 (aMa,|a has ,„,lv .„„.. pa.-t „t .!„. «.y. f„ll ,1 hy K„.|;„„| „„| „„. ,-,„t,.,| Sta, ■' R 
 
 Its t.ll.rtliills, 
 .\ii iiiiti 
 Is thiit it iiiiii";li 
 
 \m initial ,,llj,.,.ti,„, I,, |,l;|,.i,ii; s,||.h i„,u,.|- i„ tl„. i,i.l„,s ,,t tl, .... 
 
 -"-» 't -i-'^ r,t,all a^h,.inis„...L,. f.....^;,,.: :, , .V ^Hr''".';'' 
 
 .ia,.s|„„.tat„.„ i„.„i.i,.,„ is ,1,.. St i,„,„„.,.„„ ,„.„,,,,„„ „,,, ,.,iJi;; ;:!„,':",;;:';■ .. ;'; 
 
 i;r,at,.st .-a,-,. ii, its ,vi;„l„ti,,„, i„ tl„. .iit,.|vsts ,,t- th,. ■ I,, is ..ss,.„ti-.l Wl, .,1 , i 
 
 ..n,.s „f tl... „...„,u.,.s „, ,1,.. cahi,,..,. tl. ,, ,, !,, ,1,,,;,:::;;;;:: ^.,, ,;;:;;;;;;; 
 
 ;•;""""■":' ""•' ""■ "-'f'- '■'■ -■'■-"i^'< ■ ti„.^ .„•,. „„t ,.1,1,. t„ ,1,.^,,,,. .n ., ' , 
 
 ^^a,,. tl„. s„,t,„. ,.„„,l,t„„.s „f |,„li,i,..,| lif,. ,„.,.,.h„|,. ,|,a, ,.,„„i„„i,v uhi.-l .,..,. 
 rt,,.,.,.s„l,s„t,.xp,.,.„.,„ .„„l,| Iva,„,„,. „f lix,.,| p„l„., ,,,. ,• l,,,„..j '"v 
 
 •l-<'„„„„i,t....has„,..ttl,...„willst,'.,„.tl„.ntl„.a,:M ,„ ' '""'' 
 
 II... rat,.,|,.,.st„,„ istl„.,-,.„t,-al ta,-t i,. tl... ,iis,.„ssi„„ „f tl... t,ai.sp,„-tati„„ ,„„1,|,.„, 
 
 I -s ll.r„,,^l. tl„. .■I,an^,.s ,,. ,..,..s .,,,1 tln-ir ,.,,„i,al. ■ i, i,„|,,„ ,.,..,„. , , ! 
 
 ai.. .......d.t n. ,.„„t,„-t w.th tl... pn,l,l,.,„. Tl„. ^■,.,„.,.allv a,-, ,.,,t,.,| 1,... ,,f ,.' ' i ' 
 
 Th.. ,;,.„^Mapl..,-alp,,siti„„,,f('a„a,la. a..,l its lat,,-al ,.x„.„, ,,f t,,,,,,,,,.,- ,„,r, ,,„. 
 .•a,...,.,..s„„,,tak,.,,„ap....„liarsi.„i,i.. I .,.p,.,.,l,.,„.,. „„ ,.a,|,.,.a,| , a, i, ,, 
 
 tl... l,r,,\;iu...s.,t(>ntai-...ai..l (,).... I,.... t ,.■.•,. is,,,, si,..|, iv,, .,|iv .. ,..,,,,. ""K'li'i 
 
 .•x.ts ,„ ti„. r..„„.ai u,.st..,.n s,a,..s. Ti... , ityt,:,.-;:':;,'i::„, ,„,;;'!" ;;-' - 
 
 tli.;m.Mvst,..,„.ly. Stalah.y. n.as„„al,l,.„,.ssaM,l „Mif,.,„,i,y „t ,,„..J a.v u,.,l!a ,,;'h 
 
 .•ir.-iiii,stjiii..|.s. priiiiaiilv ..ss..|,tial 
 
 Til- .■,.Msi,l..rati.,i.'„fth.. ..at.. ,p„.sti,,„ l,ri„;;s„p,|,a. p|,as,. „|,i,.h „„,., ,.„„,,.,.„ 
 
 a.a,la, ,1,.. p,.,.t,.,...,„.., ,p„..H.,„. Tl„. .ri,.vaM....s pla,,,'.! „f „,„|.., p.,. .,.,:" ,. ^ 
 
 ■ toUM.i „p..rat,v,. ..w,,,^ ,„ a syst...,, „t ,-,.l.at..s „r s..,.r..t .•a,..s, .,r tl„.v , .av a n^'t 1„ " 
 
 wh..-h tl„...v,ls...„„„...t..,l with n.l,at,.s a,v p,.,.s,.„t i„ ,■,.„.„,,, : „ „„' ,,, , , '" " '" 
 
 ''';!':'■"-"■ Ti„.s,.wi.„a,.,.ati;...t .iv...-s../vi.vsu.. , a" ,:ii. .;:•'''■';'• '" 
 
■>«- \'<.--j^^^^-^iMm'S€-P'£mr^m&^ 
 
 36 
 
 RAIf.lVAYS AXn r'.IAM/..v 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 Ijccii \M(iii;;ht lliidinrli tl pfnitidii ol riitrN ms iii pii'scrit cstitMislifd. ('i.iiiiiliiintv are 
 
 l>r<'\iil.'iit that iiiic iiiilustiiiil purtinii ni the ((.iiiitry is tuvdiiivd in iiitis over jiMotiier. 
 A v'laiicc tliruiii'ii tij.' if|«.rts nf tlic J?(«iiil (.f 'I'l-icic cf Tuioiito. will iii.licat.' tliat tliis 
 
 is cciiiiilairifil ut' liy 'I'didrito. What is i .led is a |"ili<-y that uill nidfaMPiir to ciual- 
 
 ize till- advaiita^'i's ni latfs. 
 
 ('(iiiiprtiti\f thnpiiirh rates liavi' iiitindnii'd such ai laiies in tlii' N.athurst as 
 
 arc i.inhiliit.'d under tin' • Idii;; and short haul ' clause, Cornuiuiiities « liieli ha\e nnii- 
 coiniietiti\e rates liavi tourid it acUaiita^'eiuis to tiatisport their produce liv «ai.'on to 
 sonw i"iint wlieiv coMipetiti\e rates prevailed. 'I'liis was the oidv means wherehv a 
 l>rcitit iiii,i.'ht he olitjuiU'd. In the ilevelopnient of the tiattic the distant nianutactnivr 
 lias Keen ;;iMii an a<l\anta;;e over the home manufacturer. The ratis to iiiterniediato 
 points iiave Ix-eri ti.\ed at the same tii.'in-e as, or even hiyher than, rates to the coast. 
 'I'he rate system has U'en favourahle to some sections ami unfa\ouialilc <i others. The 
 development of the Noi'thwest is IhiuikI up «ilh a satisfactory solution of the ratt; 
 ipiestion. There is no iloulit that the ]iopul..tion and husiness of this section liaM> not 
 Ijcen allowed to mo\e and de\elo]i in ac-cordan<-e with natural |irinci|ili's. The arliitrarv 
 constraint of competitive lates has iiilluenced the development. What is nee<|ed. mit 
 only in the interest of this section liut of all portions of the countrv, is a satisfaciorv 
 solution of the r;ite prohlem. 
 
 Till' position of Canada. contii.'uous to the I'nitccl States, ha^ made ( 'anadian i-.iads 
 competitors for American trallic. The first railway .•nterpiises in rppcrCanada looked 
 to obtaiiiiiii; some share in the American eat iKUiiid trallic. It isadniittediv foi the ad- 
 
 vantaire of tlie I'anadian road to obtain s share in this tr.itlic. The cp'icstic.n tliat 
 
 concerns t'anada is what eU'ect this -its on her interests. In ordi'i- toohtain the Am- 
 erican tratlic the Anicrican rate ha ■ he met or even ifone U^low. rnder such con- 
 ditioiis the phenomenon presents it.selt of .\meriean trallic licinircai iii'il t he lonirer distance, 
 in the .same direction, than tratlic ori;.'inatin!.' ill Canada, for a lowi'r rate. It mav l)e 
 urjieil that since the American trallic is export tratlic the ni.itter is of minor importance. 
 The value of this trallic to the Canadian road may Im' recoi^nized without hindini; us to 
 the ancaiialoiis features connected with it. For example it discriiiiinates a^rainst export 
 trade throui.'li Canadian ports in faviuir of expiat trade throin.'li .\merican ports A 
 rate of .-),-<-.")c. first class fi-om l)etioit to New ^'ork ajipears at the same timea-,i rate of 
 9S-.JC. lirst cla-s from l>etroit to Halifax. When the comm. :lies so carried are placed 
 in Canada, there is , a doiilile disadvaiitaixe. the Canailian producer has the hiirhei- rate 
 anil increased competition. l{ea,son for (-(aiiplaint is manifesflv present. ['"or example, 
 a rate of ."iS-.") first class, the same rate as to New ^■ork, has hi'di i|uoted from Jietroit 
 to Montreal, while the rate from Wind.sor to .Montreal has l»-en Tdc. In west Umnd 
 trade the .Montreal-Cliica<.'o rate is the same as the Portland Chii-ayo rate. Without 
 contending,' that the Canadian mails should In- shut out from the ad\antaf.'es of ;i ^hare 
 in the .Vmericaii trallic, retaliation in the interests of Canada is maiiifestlv necessary. 
 The policy in repird to this matter has been 'hands oil". What is wanted is a i>o|icv 
 of re.uulatioti which will work more .svmmetric.illv. 
 
 To the manipulation of rates by "the railway c panv is to be attributed, in ^rreat 
 
 degree, the tendency to build up the larirer community at the expense of the smaller. 
 The mo\ements of jiopulation in Ontario for example, from the countrv to the cirv is 
 undoubtedly influenced by the competitive rates which favour the lar;re"r ]>laces. hi a 
 country whose wealth is in iri'eat dej,'ree aLrricultural. such a fact is too important to be 
 permitted to escape unnoticed. If a j.roper sy.steiii of re^nilation is adopted this 
 tendency can be redressed. 
 
 The rate Ipiestion stands in close rd.ition to the taritl' i|Uestioii. In France the 
 railways are jirohibited from s,) reducing: their rates as to interfere with jirotection 
 afi'orded by the taritl'. In Canada any advantaLre obtaineil bv the consumer, through 
 reduction of the tarill", can be ofl'set through a correspondin;r increase of rates. 
 
 The mutter of tlirou;.'h rates is of im]iortaiice. Where connectini,' lines arc con- 
 cerned in the carriage of ltoimIs it is es.si^ntial that no obstacle to forwanliML' them. 
 throus,'h the inability to obtain a through rate should be i.resented. The throu^-h rate 
 should be less than the sum of the rates. If the only way to obtain the transmission of 
 the i.'oo<ls is lliroui.'!i addinit the rates a liriexaiice is prcsi^nted. 
 
» HKI'OHT O.V /;. I li ir. i y , •ojm,/v>/o.V>- 37 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 203i 
 
 In llii- liiiiidiiii" lit' ..-1111(1^ tliiT.. ^In.iil.l 1 I 
 
 ■i-iii. 
 
 .etthn. ,l,i.„,, if ,,„ssil,i,, ,1„.,„ ,. • ^\l"" -'"■-.;.':- -;.- MM ii|,|ii„.,„„i,v fur 
 
 ■■^11. 'ii ..|"|.. 
 
 ■i.iiii.iii> iii.|. Ill 
 
 i^ ..i-....>s.rv Tl,|. Mill. : ' I "" '■'-"' ^"I"'''^'^"-' i". flM. ,,Ml,l,|. i,„..ri.,t 
 
 :;:;r;:;rz.;v;.';:i:f~ 
 
 Ult,...,..t. .Hl.MI,t,.|| .„ ll,.,„M„ll .,„,„. ,.,.,.uh,tn ,„,.„| ,„ ,|,|. ,,„l,|i, 
 
 1.1 !il::;.; !';:;!'';;:';;.!:;?,.':,:£':■ :; ''''^''•■'' ' '" -i- 1"-' •<- - 1^^"-. - 
 
 In iM.:; ,1,,.,.,. u J, ,.;■'. ,';;'::; •■":•""""• •" ' --" 'I'-i- --i. .-.-s. 
 
 ;•'-- -I -.i.^'.i. 1 >.; ;.:. o.;;::;;:,;:"p:i; f;.,:::;i :";:;;;;;': ''r:'"'!'" "^'^ i 
 
 S^;::^:::;.:;=:;.i^:l,:::^::--;;;;;,,,- 
 
 :S; :t::;." 'i: ;sn,:::;;r::.,r':, '•''■ <- - ?tv' '''''-^^^^^ 
 
 that ,«i, ,,f tl,.. ,ia..ti,.s i„ ,1,.,.: .: ■ " l"''^"'-'" ." '■'■'■-•".r yrars. Tl„. fai.t 
 
 1 '::::;: ':::;;'f:: 'r '- r "■■■'•'' ^' '''•^'■■"'''' ■' --; "':^':'m ":: 
 
 iiii>sai\ tii|. tlHM.,.iii|,|Miiiinit tii,-,,riii. |, if ,|,,, ,.,l i ,i, , ,.,. 
 
 ..s;,;;^ :~.rs:;;;;';;;:;:;:;r:"!,'::M;;;::,,,,^ :;:: -^-i '■* 
 
 r';::;;,--;:r;rv::r;;;l;^;;::r!:-;:-;i^i?;;-':™' 
 
 tnir.h:''::,r ;:;:':;:' r ?'''•' ""■ •'■"""'V" '"'^'''•"" -"' " ."»»- ,---.,.,1 
 
 iisHniK IMS lint liiTri ail iiiiiiiiliL'ati.i I'.'.-iimI iif failiir,. | ,.,,i,sl,l..|. I, .v. , .. 
 
 I :tu.£i ■;:::; "" ■-''- " ""^ '"■' ' ".,.„..■.;,„;,:;;■;;;!: ;i,."',:;::;;: 
 
 j -n.Jtt:t:;.;" ,:;'f..J!;;;S,!;;;;-''-''' - " -"'-'■ "^ -^ -• --.....■.a,i„„ , 
 
 < 1.) n ha. a ih.al faiu-tim, jiohtii-al ami ailininistrativ... 
 omipl^il.t' ' "' ."..^.•..ti.iv...-^Hi,i..ti,m ,...n,l,.rs i, i,n,,„.sil,l.. ,„ ,|.,,| ..„;.,., i,,.,,. ,i,|, 
 
38 
 
 /.'.t//. Il'.ir.s' .I.V/> CANALS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 (;!. ) 'I'lir ilislaiiC4' to lie II(1M'1Ii>)I liy tlii' con ipluiim ills cciiili'is the cxiii'n^i' tooyirat. 
 
 { I.) TliiTi' is II lurk of tiTlmiciil liaiiiin^r tor tlir work. 
 
 (•">.) Till' fxistiii;.' orL'aiiizaliiiii is not snillciiiitiv f»'iinani'nt. 
 
 Ill my o|iinion, tlu' only way to put tlir niattrr of railway ic;.'ulatioii ,,u a iii.iff 
 satisfailoTv fiKitini; in Canada is liy I'litnistiM;; it to ii railwav coMirnissioii comiiiosiiI of 
 nii'ii ,'t' tccliiiii-al training', «lio sjiall iTi-rivc salaries ailc'i|iiatr to aftraci llic most 
 I'tliclcnt. and who sliall lia\c a loni; Icmiri' of iittiii'. 
 
 'I'lii' tians|Mirtation piohlcm pifsfiits in imiv idiintiv is|urial fcaturi'^ I do not 
 rriiaid tlif policy ailopti-d fitlicr in Knirla'.d or in tlic I'liitcd States as applieal)le in its 
 entirety to Canada. 
 
 Tlie main points of tlii' legislation I siiitye: t I present here in Mimiiiari/i'd form ; tlie 
 detailed statement will 1m' j.'i\ei' in tlie dratt lei.'isl,ition. 
 
 Tliere sli(;nld 1«' a eomniission eomposiMl of three memlMis one of whom should he 
 a railway mail, one a lai-iness man, ..iid one a lawver. Thev sir iild ha. • control over 
 
 all matters of re;.'ulatioii nov possesseil hy the IJailway Co ittce. It will .ils.i he 
 
 aih isahle to i;i\e tlieni. in 'he puhlie interest, a re;,'ulative control o\er the issne of stocks 
 and hoiids. 'I'liis wcuM tend to prevent the lloatiiit;of -airelv speculative enterprises 
 tliat wiiulo tend toatlect adversely the credit of the coiintrv. An iin cstii;atiiiir ]io«er 
 as rei.'arils the luiiin Jidi- nature of proposed railway projects seeking; iiicor]ioratioii. and 
 of their necessity for the districts thiouith which thev are to jiass, shcailil, suUject totlie 
 final action of Parlianient, he possessed liy the ommission. The Coiiiiiiission should he 
 empowered to arhitrate, on the a|>piicalion of 1 her paitv, in dispiucs hetween lailwavs 
 and their eni]iloyees. Any dispute of this nature which, unchecked, leads to disiir- 
 raiiLrement of the transportation system is of the greatest iiii)iortance to the peo|.le. 
 
 The I' nission will also answer such .|Uestions re;;ardini: peiidini; I'ailw/iv hills as are 
 
 directed to it hy I'arliaiiii at, and would make such in\estii.'ation as I'aiiiament mav 
 from time to time direct. The Minister of Railways and Canals mav also ask for its 
 opinion on matters of railway policv. 
 
 The Commission slwaild not only have power of passjuLr upon cases ori:;inatiiiL,' hy 
 petition, hut also have jiower of initiatory investij;ation. When such investigation is 
 made hy the Comini.ssion or its otticeis, and it a'pears from its (indin^rs that there is 
 liiniiii j'tirif evidence of a violation of ;lie law le- common carrier, it shall sulimit the 
 matter to the adjudicatior of the courts. '! .,e liiidini.'s of the Commission in such 
 matter are not conclusive. It would U' olivimisly unfair to the railroads to peiinit the 
 Coiiimission to determine the matter after ha\inf,' made the iiivestiv'ation. 
 
 Ill the matter of rati' rei.'ulation. I do not U'lieve that the policy of the ( 'omiiiis 
 sioiis • with power' in attixiiii.' maxima should he followed. The conditions in a cinnpact 
 territory like fowa or Illinois dlU'cr essentially from those in a loni.' scattered strip of 
 country such as Canada has to deal with. The power of the Commission should he to 
 preserihe amendatory rates when i;rie\aiices arise, the «;(».■< /,iiil,iiiifli. that the initial 
 rates are ri'asonahle. hein;; on the lailway. This should lie the policy at least at the 
 laitset ]iers.';i illy F rej.'ard it as the U'st forinfora more periimnent policy. Tlieatt<'m|it 
 of any commission, no matter how well eiiuijiiM'd, to prescrilie at the outset of its career 
 niaxiiuiim rates a|ip.licahle to all sections of the railroad system of the Dominion would 
 doom it to failure. The commission must proceed hy de;:rees and accumulate ex- 
 jierience. 
 
 .A (luestioii which comes uji in this connectioii is the as>umed imiiossihihty of rcLTU- 
 latinj.' the rates of the Canadian Pacific. While the ueneral rates I'aii not he rej.'iilated 
 until a clividend of 10 per cent is ohtained — in other wcads never - there is no power 
 conferred to char-re iinreasonahle rates or to make preterences ; in this resjiect this 
 company wcaild he subject to rei;ulation. 
 
 The experience already cited indicates the necessity of carefully delimiting' the 
 functions of the commission from those of the courts. The matteis with which tiie 
 commission will Im- concerned are administrative. All evidence iH'arinu on the matter 
 should lie suhmitted to the Commission. It should have final power io determine in all 
 cases of fact. It its order is not olieyed hy the carrier recourse will have to he ha.l to 
 tliecourts: here no new evidence should 1h' admitted; the court should simply concern 
 
 
KK/'n/rr "X HAIL ir.i r cummissioss 39 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 its.'lt' wi.li wlMtli.T \\n- .,nl,T ,,t- llir C.inMiissi.,,, is -vaM.nal.lr ; it il (in.ls it .va>nMMl,l,. it 
 
 slK.ul.l .•ntuirr It liyi.pi.i.,, ,i„l,. |„u.vs., Tl,.' ti for l.ri.i-i.ii.' tli,. „mlt.., I„.f,„v a 
 
 (ouit nI.ouI.I mm, I,.. I„,„i,.,|. If „„ ,,.ti.,i, is l„,.„:;l,t l.v .!„• ,mTi,i- »ithii, tl,.. tiiu.- 
 
 llliilt.><l lli.-ii th.' .•-.lilt si id simply siiti-tv Its, It timl I'l n',.,' lii.d !hvii iss,,,-,! ,iti.| 
 
 ,s<'i\f(l, ami ciit'iiicc its oliscivaiici'. 
 
 A lai-iir part <,f tlir w.ak ..f tljr ('(.maMssi,,,, «il| |„. i,i..liatn, iai. Maiiv ini„p|ai;ils 
 will 1h' s,.ttl...l l,y caivspniid.'llc.' witlioul the mvrssitv of ivr.aiis,. ,,, „„,,,: ,-,„„,al pi„. 
 (■ciliiiv. I lir |.\|HMiciici' (if .itli.T coinrtrii's wairatits Hiis (■..mliision. 
 
 A .iiii'stioi, wliicli caiics lip in (■..niicctidii with the matt. r of ,\p,iis.-s lias ivf,.|vmv 
 t.i t !.■ ln,-ati..ii of the Cnmmissinii, Th.. ImvicI .,tti.',. sli.Mihl l«- ill (Ittaua ; but |,n.visi„li 
 tnr li,,l.liii- srssmns III ,,tli..r parts slmiiM aU,, 1„. ma.lr. Tlf ,pi,.sti..t, .,f ,.v,,..ms.. is 
 v.'ry iiiii«.rtaiit. 'Ih,. «li,,l,- atfmpt sl„„il.| liav,. n, mind tlir fiiniisliim: ,,f an iiiov 
 pensive process. It may happen. li,.we\er, tliat in the ras,. ,,f the small shipper the 
 imtial expense may he more than he ean Uv.r. I sii-Tst that in sii, h eas.- « hen it 
 
 appears to the Cot ssion that there is a -rievanee hut that the shipprr .,•■ person 
 
 af,'}.'rie\ ed cannot U-.tv the expense of pios,.,iilin- the. matt.^r. the Commission shall suli 
 mit the matter to the Minister of Kaihvavs and Cinals and to the .Minist.r of .Instice 
 
 ami if tliey so decide a pnhlie pi,.s,.,.,itor to present tl ase U^foiv th.- Comniission shall 
 
 lie indicated hy the .Minister of .liistici'. 
 
 The -eiieral expenses of t he ( ominissioii sh,,„ld he ai.portioned on the railro.ids in 
 proportion to their -loss iveeipts : hiit «hen a piihli.- prosecutor is app,,inted, as aU.v.. 
 proMded, or when the Commission prosecutes hcfore the courts aiiv matter w hicli has 
 
 orijriiial.'.| from its initial iii\estij.ration tl xpense should l.e a char-eon the funds laid 
 
 aide t<.r theadniiiiistiali..n of justice. When in dischar-e of their ,,tlicial duties tli.' 
 commissioners and the olliceis of the commission sh.aild have free transportation. 
 
 rn.l.^r the powers conferred hv tlie British North Ameri<-a .\ct, ,is well as under 
 th.' iH.wers conferre.1 hy se.tion :!()i; of the Uailwav Act, a -eiieral p.iwer o\er the rail 
 ways of Canada is poss,.sse.| by the I )omiiii..ii. 'Tliew railwavs uould be under tlie 
 rc-iilative control of the Commission. The -overnment roads Would not b.. suhjeet to 
 
 it.s control. If complaints with referenc,. to rates or other matt. 'is in nc'tioii u : h 
 
 th.' (M.veriimeiit roails aros... the .Minister ..f l!ail«avs .in.i Canals mi-lit. in his dis,n> 
 lion, refer such complaints to tli.> C..iiiiiiissi..ii for iiu'.sti-ati.in. 
 
 SIMMAKY OK Ill-ni:s or iiik commission. 
 
 (I.) T.I lia\i> tiaiistVrreil to it all re-ulali\e p.,\M.rs in re-ard t.. rates, pref,.r,.mvs, 
 .hscriminati.ins, ivbatesan.l se.ivt ratios p., sscsse.l by the railwav cminittee. 
 
 (!'.) That p..wer of su|.,'r\isioi. in r.-ar.l t.i thi'oii-h rat.'s ami thr.ai-h rout.'s slioiil.l 
 111' p.issessivl by til.' C.iminissi.in. 
 
 (■■!.) That the Commission shoulil be empow..r..d to sc- that .■i|Ual fai-ilities of ship 
 ments are obtaine.1 by all. subj,.<'t to .lillercmvs in iv-anl t.i jierishable fivi-ht. 
 
 ( j.) T.I have -eneral ri'-ulative c.nitr.il in r.\-ar.l t.i tralli.- aj.'iv.'iiieiits. 
 
 (.1.) To possess super\isin- and re-iilatiii},' powers in iv-ard to crossin-s. 
 
 (<i.) To ha\f power t.i iiiM'sti-ate serious acci.leiits. 
 
 ((.) Tohuv.' -I'lieral suiiervisi.m of safety ap]iliaii.-es an.l of all matt. 'is re.niisit.' 
 t.ir th.' maiiit. ■nance of the imbli.- .•oiivi.iii|.m-.' iin.l safety. 
 
 (S.) Advis.iry iMiw.'r, subject to th.> tiiial a.-ti.m of parliament, on all bills ivlatili- 
 to railwiiy pr.ij.Mts. 
 
 {!».) T.I have ir.'n.'ral c.mtrol of st.H'U ami b.iii.l issue. 
 
 (10.) 'J'o have p.iw.-r, on appli.ation .if eith.^r partv, to a.t as an arbitrat.^r in ca.s.' 
 of disputes hetweiii railways am] their emplov.'i-s. 
 
 (I 1.) To answer such questions ,-■ railway bills pen.lini.' as niav b.^ .liivct.'d t.i it hy 
 parliament. This will c.iver simply such features as niav have "c.ime up in tlii' preli 
 iiiinniy investi-ati.m .if the Commission. 
 
 dl'.) T.i make such -I'li.'ral invi'sti-ations as parliament mav -lirert 
 
 (l.'{.) To answer such .niesti.uis in iv-ar.l t.i railwav jiolicv as mav bo submitted to 
 it by tiie ^Minister iif Itailwavs anil Canals. 
 
40 
 
 iiMi.w.iys Axi) c.ix.ii.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 (It.) 'i'> M'i> tlial llir v.iriiiiiN liiilwnys (.l)ry tlic ]>vn\ islim, nf I in' Act^, ^frinvil kihI 
 
 S|U'ciill, UPl'll'l' "llicll tlll'V l)|«Miltc. 
 
 .SI MM vi:v iiF i,i;i;i,sl..\l hiv. 
 
 (I.) (.Vi'iil inn lit' it liiihviiy riimiiiissiun i-i)ini"isiil ut' llin-i' inriiilii-is. mir f\|n'rii'iiccil 
 in law, iiiif ill railway inisiiu's.s, ami miu in liiisiiirss. 
 
 (-.) Ciinitiiis^iiiii In Im^ iir^'anizcii as a rriliiinal j;iviii^ iii'ri>iiiMs, ami as a IkkIv niak- 
 iiij; imit'|ii'nilt'iit iiiM'stii;atiiins 
 
 (;{.) \\ lii'i! it makes imli-iM'mlrnt iii\fs'ii,'atiiiiis ami Initiates a lase ii shall biiii" 
 suit in an aj lupiiatt! cmiit. 
 
 (I.) 'I'lii' (.'iiniinissiiHi sliall liaM' linal ilecisiun as ici^aiils a niattfi- nt' li.|, it shall 
 alsii lia\r |iiiwcr to lit'tcrniiiif what ciiiistitULcs a niattiT nt' tad ami what a matti'iut' law. 
 
 (•>.) \\ hero tlii'i-o is rc-isun a inihliL- |ii-ii.si'(.-ul(ii- may !«■ imliratnl liv the .Minislrrut' 
 Justice. 
 
 (•i. ) Thf ;.'cni'i-.il i'X|ii'iisi's lit' the C'oiiiniissiiin tu 1h' ai-|iai;,'i' mi the i,'riiss reeeints uf 
 the railways. W here a ]iulilie |iriiseeiiti>r is a]i[>iiinteil iir where the C'liininissiuii initiates 
 suit liet'ore ii eiiurt as a result nf its own investiLratiuii the ehaiiie shall be iin the t'unds 
 jirovideil tor tlu' aiiministratioii of justiee. 
 
 (7.) The iiowers nt' the Commission shall exteml to such |iortion of the railw.iv [.ys- 
 tem of t'anaila, exehiiliiii; the ijovernnient railw.ivs, .is is iirnler llominiiin eoMtrol. 
 
1 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII. 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 A. '902 
 
 flATE r;itli:VAX('KS ox caxadiax uailways 
 
 II„„. A. (;. \U.UK. "nv.sv, <)M ,.|.,„„,,■^ IT. |:m,j. 
 
 -Mitii^t.T ,,t' liailuavs arhl (,'aiiuls. 
 Oll.i^a', 
 
 Sn,-^l hHV,. tl„. I,.„ • ,„ „„ |„.,,.,,i,|, , f,„tl„T ,,.|„„., „, ,|„..„|,„.,., „f 
 
 ;;:;;;::^:/«::':r;::::!:::;;v:;;:;;;,;-,x-:=- '•■'.'■■■"- ■■ -.^V;; 
 
 I lia\i' the lioiioiii- t.i !»•, sir, 
 
 ^ our iilifiliriii sii \,ii||, 
 
 s. .1. .\i, ij;.\N. 
 
 Tin- H..li'Mirill)li' A. <;. lit. Ml;, 
 
 .\rinistci' ,,f IJaiKvavs aii.l C.in.'iU. 
 Sli;, ' liiiM' til.' Ii.piic.iii- to Miljiiiii III,. (■,,11,,,, I, ,.,,..„, ,., . , . 
 
 :::r::;:-.,:;;;-"'|',;:.7; 'r^'7'">V' '"'"''" ''■'='"''-'" 
 
 11 , ,:,Tr V,.,. 1,;: '7' ''''"l"' ''"■ ;"''■;''-■'''' *"i i..i.,.„iiv ,,1,1, 
 
 .,ii::»;~'",,;'nS';;*:,?;;,t;=i;:,j:nS;;;;r::;:;i:; ;;; 
 
 fn a.l.lm.m t., th,. Ii..arinu' of inforniati,,,, fnm, th- ,•„„,, ,laina„|. tl (Ihtis ,,f .!„> 
 
 tlif rat.'s. and to hirni.sh tar t Fs (■(.vcriii.' ih,. ,at,.s Tl„. ,-.,f.. ' ., ■ 1 '"'""^'^ 
 
 ■"■■nts liav.. also I, , olu-.k..,! l,v >„... " ""'"""•■'' '" t'"' ^t"to- 
 
 lnv,.sti,-ati,ms wor. ,-o„,lu,t..,i at Toronto, W Isto.k, Chatliaiii. .Sf Tl,on,-i. 
 
 V, kon' v"T "'1 '^!;"**'-''/-f"t''. Walk,.rt.a,. C;,-!,,),, Winnip... S, ifZ^ ' 
 l!..^olstok,.. KaM.|.»,p.s, Van,.o„v,.r, V.toria, l!.,.slaml. NVlson and .Mo^tr.! ' 
 
 hnu I wiiV , . '"■ '"■-""f".'"-"^ ';• I"-»^"t ,.itl„>r through r..pn.«'ntativos or 
 
 41 
 
42 
 
 AM//. IIM ys .I.V/> CAX.i/.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1B02 
 
 Sdiilli Mini .N'nitli F,.-si-.x. N(iitlnv(-.t Ti-1 1 iii'i 1.-1, till- iiui'irultmiii ii-.-uriiilion'- nt" 
 bi.uiiil"-, Hiick l,iikc, II. d DiTi'. Fish Ciirk, Ur.«i.i\i.«. .•^I.'rliiii,'. ( »|.ls <JiiA|.|"OI.-, 
 
 Wiilvlv. I'iikIwi- C'lctk, MiiiIichI, <;i'.iitill, W'jiitiw I, lihliim Hiaij, NOikton. 
 
 .Mfijiiini' lliit, .M.ii.MJaw. Itustlicin, .MiKt^omin. 
 
 Till' liMilliii,'s "i tlic iiiMstii.':itinii III!' iijiuiil imilir tlifir iis|.iiti\i' liciiclin^s in tln' 
 licirl\ lit' till' ri'|ii.rt. 
 
 I. (I.-KSSIJ-K .\■|•|(l\ 
 'i'll Ti' i- riMi-lMiil tVirlliiii liil\M'c-ii -lii|.|.ii- iiiiil iiiilwiiys with ictVrrnci' til till 
 iHlc-timi iif rlil>.>iliralinn. In ■.nine illstancrs tlir ciillllijllillt-* lllr luisnl on tlll' stiltilllclll 
 timt till' (•lassiCualiiin is t"Mi liiuli as rciiii|iarcil «ithtlif xaliic nt' the i.'oii(|s. In ntlicr 
 ili-taiiii-- it is a-s.iti(l that till' cliissiru-aticiii is liici liiyli as Liniinifij « it h tin- <liissiti 
 caticiii nil siiiiilai' aiticli's in the I'niled States. 
 
 The t'lillnwin^ exaniples cited t'lnni statements ami li'stiiimny siiliinitteil inilieate 
 the siniie nt' llie enMi]ilainls, Cnrna and ihiienlale, which aie at ]ii('sent classed seenncj 
 ami t'liiiith. >hiiiild. it is cnnteiideii. he put in the same class as cnHc'es w Inch ate thiril anil 
 t'niiith. The cncna and ihncnlate ale raw material. I'iaiin and (iiiian leeds and keys 
 are ihiN^ed tnii hi;;!!. ])iiii:s which are at |iresent placed in tiist class shniild he in third 
 class, ('niiiplaiiil is made that w hile \\'elland is i;i\en t'nurth and tiftli on w iie unnds 
 Windsnr i> classed third ami tifth. Putty which is classed third and lifth shmild lie 
 reduced tn fniiitli and litth. I.ihiary tallies and ]iarl(iiir caliinets shniild he shipped at 
 1 .', instead lit' I •. I, in nrder tn !«• in fair innpnitinii In ntlier ;;nnds slii]ipe(l. \\hile it 
 niav he all riuhl tn lia\e a first class rate mi .>iinie lines nt' dry );c«ids, e. i;. silks, mi nther 
 lines nt' drv lioiHls, e. u. di'liims ami shirting's, third elass umild he lii;;li enmi;,di. Ca-ed 
 whiskey is classed t'mirth while whiskey in hulk is tit'th. The t'nllnw in;; ari.'iiiiients are 
 advanced t'nr plaeinu' these in the same elass : ca.sed whiskey is the safer of the twn to 
 cariv. l!nui;li shunting .ind cnllisimi while it nii;;ht cause Imriels to leak, nr iiii;.'ht 
 shatter them eiitirelv, wmild he much less (lania;.'ii)u' to whiskey incases. Cased whiskey 
 is a much more desiialile frei;,dit heeau^e a harrel of wliiskey con\ cited into eases lejire- 
 sints a little more than twice the wei^iht of tiie hulk iiacka;.'e, to say iiotliinn of the 
 inward fiei;;lit on the hottl. s, corks, capsules, iVc. Tlie ^.^eiieral su|iposition that caseil 
 whiskey is of ^.'i-eater \alue than hulk wliiskiy is incmreet, as the iMittled whiskey 
 nets just the same' price )ier ;;alloii as the oulk «liiskey. The i|uestion of classiticatimi 
 
 I es u|i also in connection with the (juestion of the relation hetwe(:n C. I,, and I.. <.'. !-. 
 
 rates, \\anons in car lots are carried at fmirtli m' sixtli class, accmdiii;.' to the niaxi- 
 nuim, while in less than car lol^ they are placed in lirst (lass. The disparity is com 
 |ilained of. 
 
 Ill addition to the c plaints cmicernini.' classilicatimi. as it stands at (neseiit it is 
 
 claimed that there have U'cii certain arhitrary cliani;es in rates caused hy raising' tlie 
 classilieation of the article. For instance, lieer has heen raised from fourth to third, 
 while the rate on jiianos 'as heen raised frian fourth to second. 
 
 It has to he reco;r,ii/e i that tiie ipiestimi of classilieation, like the cpiestimi nf rate 
 makiiiu', proceeds ujioii no hard and fast principles. There is a iou;;li correspondence 
 lietween the value of the article and the class in wliicli it is placed. Tlie element of 
 liulk has also to he con.sidered. The railways claim tliat in tlie case of wa;;ons the hi^rli 
 rati' of first class in loss than cai-lot shi]iments, as compared with sixtli or car lot ship- 
 ments, is attiihut^ilile to the hiilky nature, li;,'iit wei^iht and risk of damage. Tiie waLions 
 will not admit of the freiirlit Ix'iiiV loaded on tn]>, and tliis freiKlit is ;,'enerally of such a 
 nature as to !«■ olijeciionahle e.xcept at first cla.ss rates. 
 
 It has to lie recognized that the element of hulk does play a jiiirt in determining; 
 the class with which the ■.'imkIs should fall. At tiie same time it must t)e noticed tliat 
 tlie classification places an olistacle in the atteinpt of any .sliijijier to econ. mizt spare bj' 
 ship]iin.u tinislied veliicles witiiout wlieels. The rule ^.'overnin;.' this is that, when fin- 
 islied veliicles .'ire sliippj'd without the wheels, runnini.' L'ear, A-e , tlu^y will lie charged 
 fiftv ])er cent over the rate's ap]ilied to complete vehicles (note mi pa;;e SO, Canailian 
 Joint F'rei^rht Clussitication). 
 
•*il^ V 
 
 J 
 
 HKfnnr n\ i; Mi.w \ y <<tMMissjt,\s 43 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 Wl.ilr.lillir.lltirs „.•.>.■ «itl, IvtVlv.lr.. t....|a>Mli,„lM.|I.M.|vuMt.li.'..i> ~ ti vtakru 
 
 "t til,- rii.l«ays l,y imH,l..«ril.iMi.' --mhIv T)u> ..pplir^ ..,1 mllv 1., ,,,1. n,,,- ,,.„„t, »|,..,.. 
 
 flHT.- IS .„■ u.|,..,mif syst.M,. „f iM,,H.,ti.,„. Th,. MM.M M„.n„it rx,.,,,,.!.. l,,',,.::!.! Uf.„v 
 my n.-tir,. w„n m .,.,.■ .-us.. «l„.iv „ s,,,.,,,,! ,n\.- I,i..| Um lmiiiii,.! i,, p,,-.,,,! ..t tl,,' .i,,,,. 
 nu-nt ..t H .-ar ol „f potat.-s : it wa. tnun,l lat.i. .„, ,„n.M , .•,•,! ,..„. tl,:,t n, nali.v a ,/„■ 
 lot ot .Iry i.',K«|s ha.l Ihm-m mImi.i^.-I, Tli- r„M,|.lan,N .chtimm,;; tlii, .nn.!,!,,.,, ofallaiis 
 
 i-uni.- not on y ti tlir mil«ay otllnaK lait aUo tVonM.Mivhanl-. \VI„iv a .|.i|..M.r 
 
 nUH.|.-s.nU,.s '„M -,»h1s an.t U si.r.vs.tul in iKnini- lli.- -—U .amr-i tliiu,,..),, |„. l,a. 'an 
 
 u.lvantauco- r Ins iv lion.'st -oiLiiftitor « lio has .liip|..M| 01, th.. ,Mal.li.|i,.,l rat.- \[ 
 
 til." sarn.- tinio if tli.' on.' wlio lias mi- |,..,iilH..| hi, ..<,„«|s ,, ,|,.|, •,■(., I tli.n 1,, I, ,. mmii.Iv 
 
 f" l"'>; •' "'"I'li-I""! rat.'. Shm.. of tl,,. rian-liant- minplaiMii.:.- unv „f ,,p,ni„n tliat, 
 
 m s.i.-l, a cas-'a iH-nalty slioiil,| atta.li. A sin.ilai poMtioi, |,a, I „ r.,„M.|.'iv,| l.v tl,.. 
 
 Intristatf ('oninii'ici' ( 'oinniiv^iuii. 
 
 Til.' inicstiun of .-lasMru-ation is of .■sp,.,ial iii.i.,,it;,i Ltmiim. ,1 is tl„. I,asi, ,,t r;,t,- 
 
 inakini.'. A .liaii;.'.- of a .lass nirans a clian.j,. in a lato. A rhaiii;.. of lal.. l.v .liaii.iii.r 
 
 th....|a,sii„ati.aiattiarts nin<' ss pul.jir atl nl,..i. t; ,n ulim tl». mto i(s,.|f is ,l,air.,.,r 
 
 As It slan.ls t.MJay wli.'ii any coniplaint arise, «,tli ivfrivn,-,. 1,, ,|as>ili, at lo,, n „ av U- 
 tuk.'ii lH.f,„v the .lassilu-ation <•.,!, iiiiitti'-. It is ,l„,«n in .v i.j,.,,,-.- tlial <-..Mr,.ssi,,i., no 
 
 """ '■ ■''""'■• "'"■''■ At tl... sa tini.. it app.-ars that .hani;.., in .las,,!!,,,! ,o„ I^m.. U.-n 
 
 iiaulc in an arliitniry inanii.T, anil that th.' .lassili.ation of ,, .Main aili.l.-. .1,,,., 1 .,t 1,1., 
 (■.•I'll on any well (Icliiicl piiniiplf. 
 
 ^^ '"'" '' " ipliiini is tak.'ii to Ih.' rlassili,-aii,,n . -..111111111. ■>■ it :;..,■, I,..f,,iv a li...lv 
 
 «iii.li slan.ls f.a- niiluay int.-irsts a h.«lv ivpivs..|itativ.' ..f f t h.- paiti.s t., 1 h.' 
 
 • hspiit.'. An.l it is this IhkIv whi.'h .l.t.Tiiiiii.s th.' -li-pui,.. In tli. piihli- ;.ii,.|,-.t 
 tli.T.' shoul.j 1m. a siip,.i-vi,:,,n ,,f all iiiatl.'i-, piTtaiiiiii- I.. .lasMli.al i.,11. 
 
 II. i>i.-<i'i!ii:rrivK it.\Ti:s. 
 
 Th.. matt..!- .if .listiilaitiv,. lat.'s is attra.-lin-a -tvat |;.it ..f tli.' .lis.-iissi.,ii ..f t h.' 
 
 rat.. ,m..sti,,n vwst .,f Winnip-.L,'. Tli.- iii,.ivliants ,,f |{,.^qna plain that l!,..ri„a i, pm 
 
 at a .li.sa.lvantav'.. sin.... it .•aniiot ..htaiii .li^tiilaitiv,. iat..s. A similai- .•,,i,t..|iti.,ii „ 
 a.lvan...Ml l,y t|i.. iii..r..|iaiits .,f |.:.|iii..nt..ii. TI1..V siat.. that Cal-aiv .an ship al-.n- th.. 
 Cal^Miy and K.linont.m hram-li into K.lniontoii t.'nit.n.v. uhil,. |-;.liii,'ait..ii, ..vvini; L.'la.-k 
 • if (li.stnlmtiv.. latos, ..aniLit Mn..'t this ...>iiip..titioii in its o« n t.ii it.irv. Th.. qii..sti,,ii 
 
 of .iistrilmtiv.. mt..,s |...s,,lv,-s its,.|f int.. tli.. .pi..sti,.n ..f p..litioii U.t«...ii l.„aliti,.s 
 
 111.. iii..r..himts of Kaiiilo,,ps .•i,iii)ilaiii iH.caiis.. Van..ouv..i- m.-ivhants .-an pla.- I- in 
 
 Kaiii|....ps t..nit..iy iiior,. a.|vanta-....uslv than Kaiiil.K.|.s ,aii. \aii..oin..i- ,an ship int., 
 p..ints in Kaiiil....ps t-Tiitory on a thi-oii-li rat., fn.iii th.. .-..ast, wliil,. Kaiiil...,ps »,,iil,| 
 have t.. ].ay th.. rato from th.. .-..asf t.. Kaml....p- is th.. Ln-al ..11.. l.. th,. point ..f .|,s- 
 
 tliiation. Th.' sani.. positi.m is mi't at th.. ....asi. Van..ouv..r .■ plains that it has 1,, 
 
 in.'ft the ....iiiiH.titi..ii of Winnip..;: in th.. K....t..nav. It as>..rtsihal lli, ..as|, .111 limit 
 ..fth.. .Iistrilmtiv.. t..rritory of Van.....iv..r shouM Ik', fiirthi.r ..ast. It is si;,t..,| that in 
 fairii..ss t.. Vam...u\..r this limit shoul.l li,. as fai- fast as Calyarv. t'..iiiplaint is ma.!,' 
 that Nvhil.' th." tifth .lass rat.' from WinniiK-jr t.. ( 'alj.'arv, a .lis'tam-.'-of ..ii;lit liiincli'...| 
 an.l forty two miU.s, is 77 ...iits. th.' rate of tifth class from Van.-oiiv.r t.. Cal-arv. a 
 .hstaii.... of si.v hun.lr...! ami foity-tw., niil..s is s| Ol. A similar sitiiati..ii Is iil,.t 
 in the ..as.. ,,f Nelson. Nt.ls.in .laims 'that fli.. railwavs .Jo ii..t rci- .miiz.. th.. -^...-ra- 
 phival ii.lvantaK.' of N.'l.son. Tlior.. shoul.l 1m. .-..ntral points from whlih :.'iM.i|s"an I... 
 (u-tril)ut.'<l. Tli..r.. is no .pi.-stion that N..ls..n is a p..int for this piirp.is... What 
 N.'isi.n is standinj; for is t.> lie al.l.' to .■.aii|i.'t<' .11 ...pial t..rms with th.. shipp..rs fr,,ni 
 the .. ast an.l fn.in th.. W(.st. No otli.'r t..wii in th.. Ko..t..nav has a l...tt..r .laini than 
 Nelson.' 
 
 To turn n.iw t.i the railway si.le of tht' .|iicstioii. it isstat.'.l that as r..j.'ar.ls tli.' 
 •iistril;uti\f biisincs.s from th. IVifu- .-.wst int.. th.- Kooicnav that th.. rnt.-s ..iiaru...| 
 c)inn..t 1k' cnsicler...! ..x.-.'ssivf. It has t.. (m- r..nn'mlM.r...l that in th.' iounit.v .l..wn fn.m 
 Kevelstoke to the K.M.tenay th." niixcl rail an.l water rate iiiv.ilv. s a iuiiiil...r of tian- 
 
44 
 
 IIMI.WA YS ASh VAX MS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1903 
 
 f>lii|iiiiiiitH. wliiili liii'iilly iiiiMiatf tliccust nt' liainlllnu'. 'riiiM-oiitiiiliiin of' Vhiumiivit. thiit 
 till' iMi-tiTn limit nf iti ilistriliiitivi- lfiiit<>i\ shcuilil inclinlc ('iil;;iifv, is iiiiisidt'rtHi 
 iiMP'ii'iMiiilili' liciiiiisc it Ifini"* out cif riiiisiili'pition tlic t'lct that tltr ijikkIs mi tlit-ir way 
 til till' nuist |iHss lliiiiiii.'li Calt'iirv mill i."' llifiiiiili tin- iiiuiiritiiiiis, iiiiil wmilil Iiiim- to 
 ^lllMll tlif rrtiiin liiiul til (')ili.'iiry. It iiiiiNt also Iw n'liii'mU'rfil that sumh' uf tlir liikmU 
 tiiMiv liv watfi- ariiiiii(l tin- Horn to \'aiiroiivi>i-, ami tlii- railway iimliT thin mnilition 
 lilies Mill riTfiM' iiM'iiui' tor siiili iMiivi'iiii'nt. wliilv on the run wi'st trom NViniii|i<'^ lln-ri' 
 is II luMi.' lail haul iiM'r tin- Canailiari Varilif. In ii's.'aril to NrKon llic riiilwav |Misition 
 
 is lliat tl xistiii^' lati- Hitualiiin|iiits 'v'ii,iii|Mi:. VamouM-i iinil NcU nan ciiial tootinK 
 
 as 11'1,'anls liiisini'ss, 'I'lic railway iIih^s not si'i- any ri^ason wliy in tlif |iri's;>nt ^atc of 
 liusinrsH in tlii> KiMiti'nay any lii« n slnmlil ImlTimmi an aihantaj.'!' in (loint of ilistriliutivi' 
 rail's. 'I'll!' ari.'unii>nt aiUami'il for not urantini,' Kdniontun a ilistrilnitiM' rati' is that 
 siiiif it is situatfil at tin' i-ml of tin' liiii' iIhiv is no halaiuf of thi' rato for ■,'o.»|s to In' 
 s|ii|i|ii'i| out on. 
 
 Till- i|iii'stion of distrihiitiyi' rati's is an i'M iliiiLtly ililliiult one to hamlli'. Tlii' 
 
 i;iiiiial [losiiion of iho railway is that ilistnliutivi' rrntn-s arr in ssary. It also holiis 
 
 that (listril)iiii\r lati's « ill lie ■,'raiitisl wli-'ii tin' Mihinir of liiisini'ss w a Hants it. It will 
 at till' sanio liiiu' a|i|M'ar, liowi'Vcr, that withholilint' tlii'si' rates will assist in i-hi'ikini; 
 the ilfyi'lo]>iiicnt of laisiiiess, whili' the |ioint whiih has i|i<tiihutive rates is increasin;.'. 
 
 'i'lie railway has also to fare IikiiI ililliciilties. This is illiislrateil in tl ase of the 
 
 Kootinay. The Kooteiiay has eoniieitions with the iail«a\ system of the rnittsl 
 States, ami in any reailitislnient of rates the i)iiestion has to lie loiisiilereil, « ill the 
 Ameiiran lines aii e in tin- reailjiistineiit. 
 
 In aililitioii to rnis it has to Iw reio^'iiix.Ml that there is mueh loeal ohieetioii to 
 >,'iintini.' ilistriliuti\e rates to Nelson. .\t |iresent there is a hlankit rate eoyerini; eom- 
 nioii lioiiits in the Kooteiiay. The merehaiits at other |ioiiits i'om|ilain that it wmilil lie 
 unfair to them to yive a<|yaiita},'e> to Nelson. This i'oiii|ilaint is maile by various linns 
 luiiilt'il at liosslaml, .Sainlon, Kaslo ami in the • iMiiimlary ' roiiiitry. who are iloiiij; a 
 jolihini,' Imsiiiess in lonneition with their re; ' hiisiness. These i'oiii|>iain that any 
 reailiustnieiit of rates in the ease of Nelson v ,, ' he unfair since it would siinplv 
 ineri'ase the eoiii|ietitiiin they haye already to fa. I iiave t;onc (hioiiv'h a tile of eorrc- 
 
 sixiiidenie » hiih shows the lienerality of this feeliii;; in the KiKiteiiay. I include in the 
 apiii'inliv some iorres|ioiidence which reiterates the |Nisitiiin which has jusi lieen out 
 lined. 
 
 While there are the dilliculties whii-h haye Ixs'ii sketched, it has to he ricoi;iii/ed 
 that in the a|i|ilication of distrihutiye rates then' has Ihs'Ii some arbitrary o|>eiation. 
 'J'lie argument adyaiii'd ai.'ainsl the i;rantin}; of distrihutiye rales to Kdinonton was that 
 there Was no halance of a thidii;;li rate. Since the lioldiiiL.' of the inyestii.'atiiin the 
 Canadian I'acilic has itepaited from this |iosition and ;;ianted distrihutiye rates as far 
 as lied J)eer, a distance of ninety se\eii miles south of Kdinonton. In the case of 
 Urandoii disti iliiltiM' rates were ohtained only after a continued stiu;.';.'le and as a result 
 of the exertion of political luessure. It is well known that Winnipeg,' ohtained its 
 (listriiiutiye rates only after a struLt!,'le. 
 
 It is not in the interest of the i4eyelo)imeiit of trade that jilaces should have to 
 tiLtht for distrihutiye rates. It is essential that there should U- etlectiye re;.'ulation. 
 
 III.— CAK I.OT AND LKSS THAN C'AU LOT HATKS. 
 
 Tn some instances less than car lot rates are out of proportion to car lot rates. 
 Al(>n« the northern lines of the Canadian Pacific as far as Hat Portajic the L. C. I-. rato 
 on Ixfr is alM.ut "ill jmt cent lii;;lier than the C. L. rate. In the shipment out of small 
 consigninents of machinery from Walkeryille the L. C. L. rates interferi' seriously with 
 business. (Jwini.' to the fact that the Canadian trade i< a ;.'radimllv developinjr one 
 many orders are receiyod for small c()nsi;;ninents. These must !»• forwarded at once, 
 and so there is not the o])portunity to take ad vantage of the C.L. rate. It is complained, in 
 the ease of Im^j shipments from Stratford to Toronto, that the C. L. anil L. C. L. rates 
 
~1 
 
 -1 
 
 Tt-^'USk^^^^^ 
 
 /■■f.rnirr o.v umi.w a y 
 
 ioMMIssmss 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 45 
 
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 rV-EXCK.ssiVE ItATKs aNI> DISCI! I M I N All 
 
 • •Vs. 
 
 ;i.«:ri;;r;'r:;rsJ;;,^-«;;'';rt-:i;;;;;:r;;:::;;;:;t^^ 
 
 ; n or to ...xfHK hte the v,'vnxux.^ and dolivory .,f frt-ijiht l^.two^n t.atrons ..n,! ,|,.,o,s 
 
 ^h.:f 
 
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 ^ II A II. »•. I Ys . I SI) ( '■ I AM / '>• 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 ,.,.,,„ I ,a.lM,M. Inin^rlf ... In...! .,.l,.,> t., .1.. it i"V lu.n U., f... t «.. .„M|.rM,.n.l 
 
 ;„.,|,n,„N .lm.>jr l.v .■xprr,- «uix..„ ., t»rnt> li>- ....,tH (kt |«..k,.u.K hnll..,. t hr 
 rlmw "t t.'ii .■.•nl-'.l."'^ l«"t .i.-n.r I.. raiUa .■nin|..inirH l.ul I" nil lay.' r,Mi,|«iiM.-. «lin 
 ,«.,tonii tt... «...k. 'I'll.' a.iaili..|,al riMl!.'.' lor ralta;.'.' at .aitaur Mtal...!.- I I M,a,lr 
 
 ilhli''^ a lartatfi' ■"•'■^i'"' i-" I" ''"'""'''■ , , ■ i 
 
 Tlir .iHTilir .pla.Ml^ uimI.t this li-'a-liiiu' an- that .1.- |...lirv nt ll. .in|,ai..r> as 
 
 i,„lirat,.,l ... tl xlra.t, tn.,„ ll,.-,r .lafiM.-nt-.. .- .l-pa. t-.llV..,n In th.. .a.- nt ,1mi. 
 
 „t,„f.liv u'.K-l- tVnn. M..nli.al a.i.l T.a..„l., to Sin.ttonI ll... .a.tau.. .I.ar;;... at 
 
 T,„„nt., ai.;! M..tH..al l.aM' Ihv., i,., I,..I...1 .i, tl..' t..Mi.'l,l I..II an.l .•l,|.ri.'.- a;;alt.-.l !!..■ 
 
 St.atf..r. r.l.ant. r, ll..- -as- ,,t a .|,i,m„.mI ..f «.k»1, fr UtLw.-ll l„ II, u,s..U s,„„.. 
 
 tl„v.v..ai«ai.'...tl..'|.m.'l.av..-..tll,.-;:.««l-ha.llli.'i..l.ik.i.atl..s.. n.'Xi-' I., tl,.- »lat.,a. 
 
 ,1 |l.,ll,w.-ll \Vl,.-n tl,.- tV.i-^ht l.ill «as |„-.-,.-i,t.M| t.> hiiii it .-..i„aii..-.l a .aitaK-- 'li'i.-i.'.- 
 
 ,,„. ,,„,, ll,.. u-khU t., iIh- ll..ll,«.ll Mafi...,. N....I,i.M.|i,.T, ,- tak.r,. ii, s:..„.-.al, lu t ,.■ 
 
 a„„a,„l ..f tl,.- . ha,i: ll.-.-t.-.l u,,-!.-.- tl.U .>ln,U. <•"'• «.ln.-> Mat.-.l that «l,.-„ 1,.- 
 
 .|,„,,K..l a .•a.l.«..l ..f ,:.-U tn.M, (iia-lpl, t.. SUatf.a.l I,.- t ll.al ll,.- (.<a„. I,„l,k 
 
 .■a,ta-^.-.l>ai--.-s «.-.■.-..„.- half wl.al ll,.-y «...,l.l llil^.• 1«'M ha.l h.- I„„i-.lt „„.l.-. tak.-„ 
 
 ' " "\ .'l',*s'|.a,-ilv .-M^t- l--t«-''-n lat.-^ ,.a>l Ik„ii,.I a„.l «.-»tl».im.l m i.s,....t ..f .-.-ita,!, 
 
 ...„„„;.,.|,l,.-v F..r .-va,,,).!.-, l»-.-r tV..M, l,.a,.ln„ f. Otta«a ,. t«.-,.ty • .-.-i.ts. «l„h. 
 
 tl,.- ,al.- ..n th. ,.-l,„-i,.-.i .-li.l'tv n'>W-' f.-..n. Ottaua 1.. I..a..l..i. ,. t«..„tv .-,-1,1 .-.-nt^. 
 
 \ ,,a„|.laint wa- l.-lk'.-.l thai ..t, ll,.- v|,i|„„.-i,t .,„( ..f i.ails llianlt..,.! wa, .I,s.-,,,hi 
 „„..,l a.'a,.,st i„ fav..,,,- ..f Han, ill. a,, 'n,.- Ciai,.! T.i.iik -tat.- >i> ..-Imttal that ' ,t i> 
 „„, ,|,..',„.-„t>..., f, l,a^.- th.- rat.-s l„-l,.-, fna,, n.ai.ttu,-.!. «l,.-.- tl,.- .Ii-tau.-.- >s sh.at.-,- 
 tha., tV.a„ lla„„ll..i,. a l.,r,i:.-,- .li-ta,,.-.-. T,,.!.-,- ll„- .at.- .-ha.--..,! h..-.M-v.-l-. Ih- I I.. 
 
 ,.,„ „aiU tV.M,, l!ia.,tf.,r.l t.. Kh..i.a, a .li.ta,,.-.- .,f th.ilv t..„r i.„l.-s ,- t«,- v.- .•.-Ml-, 
 
 «hil,- ll,.- C. I,, rat.- t,-.a„ llai,„l;..i, t.. l-;i„„,a. a .ii>ta„.-.- ..t sixty th,.-.- m,!.-. i-> l.n 
 
 "" ■j-h.- 1 (' i. rat. -s .,11 >Mn- :.'.„,.ls,liM-iiii,iiiai.- in tav.air »i \V.-llaii.l ai..l .i-ainst 
 
 WiM.U...-. "tI,.- (Ii-m.l liunk a.i,ii,t- thi- l-lal.-lhal ,1 i-. •■..n-.i.l.-i „,- ll..' a.lvisa 
 
 lalitv ..t a r.a.l|iistiii,-iit ..f th.-M- rat.-. , ■ .i . .i ,.t- 
 
 ■■|'l,.- hK-al tat.-> f..,- -<h..it .listan.-.- tiatli.- an- .ai s., l,i-l, a Ui-is that lli.-v mt.-it.-t.- 
 with th.- ii,..v.-i„.i.l ..f.-..nii„.Kliti.-s l.y th.- mil way-.. F..i- .•xami.l.-. th.- C I., rat.-..,, sail 
 fnai. Win. 'hat, I i ■ K.a.lw i<li, a .lisiaii... of s.-v.-nt.-.-n iiiil.-s, is .> .-.-nts, wliij.- tii,- I. » . !.. 
 nit.- is'i.-'nls 11,.. ,ii.-n-liaiits..f F.,i-.|vs i.li .an hav.- th,- salt haul -I hy t.-aii. t.a- .. 
 
 ....nts tliussavinu.aitn-.-.hai-.s. Oth.-r .-xainpl.-s tV th.- sani.- s.-tmn ..t ..aintiy 
 
 n,av 1h- .it.-.!. Ch.-.-s.. U.x 1,...,i..m^' ...sts hy tail fn.ii, T...-s«at.T t.. I;..nlw,..|i ., .-tatu-.. 
 
 of ■us..ntv.ai.- ii,ii.-s, h' ..-.Its in I- » '■ 1- ""i'i'"- " ;'- ■"•";■■'"' ,""^ \»M '.y 
 
 t.-uns for 7 .-...Its A .-ai l.,t ot 1 |.s tV Ilanistor, to |-..nhn.h, a .iistan.-.- ot .-i-hl 
 
 ,„i|,.s «hi.-li «ouM hav.. .-..-I .-^1-' l.y laih washa„l...l hy t.-.m, t.,.--..-.a it is.- 
 
 ,,lain.'-,l that - th- n.t.' ai-n ' ^ittl.- •.or .iislan.-.-s of fr thirty t., thiity-hv.- ni.l.-s ,s > 
 
 ,...nts ,,..r lUO |,.,„ii.ls tor a .ar ..f -JL'.-'-l"' ih.um.Is. ..r .-^l.s j-.r .ar, vvhi.h is alt.,-.-th.-r I,,.. 
 
 hi..'li, an.1 as a .-..Ms. n.-.- farin.rs traMl tli.-ir .-attl.-/ Th.- nii ways stat.- in n-hattal 
 
 that tlu-v .lo n.,t tiii.l that anv sh,,a„.-nts .,f liv.- st....k, ,n ..ai-h,a.|s. an- l,an.ll.-.l t., inai.t- 
 .,th,-r than th.- n--nlar .-stahlish.-.! niark.ts, .x.-.-pt in th.- .-as.- of ,..-<li-r.-,'.l .at. I.-, .a, 
 whi.h half th.- n-j;,.lar nit.-s an' a.-.-.-|.t.Ml, ..r ..n liv.- st.K-k tor t...-.l,ntr an.l n-slaipn,;^ 
 on whi.h a ...-.Imtion of -n.-thint th.- n-,ilar rat,- is lua.i.-. In r.-^'ani to a .•.,ii.|.laint 
 i.ia.l,- that th." l...-al lat.-s.a, api^U-s an- s., .-x.,!-! itant that tii.-y an- not iiiov.-. hy rail, 
 it is n-ioin.-l that wlu-iv th,-n- MX- small .,uantiti,.s slii,,,>.-.l tn.m ,,la.-.. 1.. ,.la.-.- ,1 is 
 pn-f.-rahl.- to hav.- th.-s.- m..v..ll.v n.a.l. sin.-.- it woul.l .,tl„-ru,s.. k.-.-i- a .-..nsi.l. lahh- 
 „ati.a, ..f th.-n.llinast.,..k..f th,-,-..in|,any i.ll.-. »h.-M th.-i- n.llm- st.«k n,i«ht ni.-n- 
 iirohtahlv Umis.mI inf..i-war.liii« tli.-tl,n.,i«h trath.. .,f tla. tarin.-r. , . ,. , , , 
 
 \nVs„.-.-ial .-.anplaint is ina.l.- ..f h.-al nit.-s in th,- North w.-st. It is ,la,ii,.-.l that 
 th.. I.',..al ratos an- .-x.-.-ssiv.- on -rain. It is impossihl,- (.. I.rin;; , .arl.ia.l ot oals on 
 
 U.oal i-at,-s fnan l'..rtai;.- la Prairi.- to \Vin>iii,.-«. It is .-Ian I t liat rat.-s shoul.l U- 
 
 n-.h . .-.1 .l..wn to a n-asonahl.- ti-un- s.. as to alio« .4,ain |.a-Mr,,- ua. kv. in. ana i-a-.^ar! 
 as t ... tni.lf wants it. 
 
A.. A^ l^J^7W^MrM^^.lu,^^,:fTL S,. 
 
 IlKI-nHT o.V AM// Ml }" rnu ut^si'-.VS u 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20« 
 
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UAII.WAY;^ AXI> OASALS 
 
 1-2 ED 'ARO VII., A. 1902 
 
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UKI'ORT OS l.'.U/.IV.t y ro.}/.),lSSIr,xs 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
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 HAILiVAVS AND CAXAL!^ 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
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ItEI'ORT OX RAILWAY COM. VISSIOX.S 
 SESSrONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
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 HAtl.WArS AXl> CAXOI.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1802 
 
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l!HI'OltT >>\ tf.t/f.iV.ir COM.\flSS/(l.\S 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
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 RAILWAYS AXD CASALS 
 
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 1-2 EDWARD VI'., A. 1902 
 
 
 
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 ItlCrORT C\ KAIL ir. I >• COMMlaslo.Xs gg 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 Howrvrr, it must 1m- r..iii..|iil„-iv.| timt tlir tarirts, .■Hivtiv.. in the Canarliiiii North 
 west tn,,,. «ln..|, tl,.. Cana.liax I'a, ,ti,. ,|Uot,-s in llii, labl. aiv tl„. s,„.,.i,.l nn,,,.,,.,!,,,,,.!,. 
 tanHs ,.nt tmiii W niiM|,<.i.' un.i.T v. hi,!, tlir .listnlaitiiiL' liusi„,.ss ,,f \Vi„,u|H'.r is ,1,,,,.. 
 
 Ihi-sr tanrts air liinit.'.l in th.-ir .•tV.Mt to \Vinni|..- «l„,l..sal,. l„.i ,|oin„ l„'sin,.s. «ith 
 
 tr|ul..i-s at th.. |,.„nts ,l,.si-nat.Ml. If tivii.'lit taiitJ No. ."S, ..m.,•ti^.. J„n.. -' I'MMl 
 
 winch cov,.,s th.' sh,i nts oth.T than th,,-- in,M,al..| in th,- s,,....i„| prop-ationat.; 
 
 tanrt.s, ,s .-onMilt..,! a ,opy ,,f this tai ilV is i,„ln.l..,l in tl pp,.M,li.x to this ivport it 
 
 will U'toiind that th.' lat.'sof tlir Canadian I'a.iti,- aiv r.-nlailv hi.'h.r tha- th..s,. 
 (■har^tiil lai the two Aini-rican lines. 
 
 Tli.T.. also ..xist <lispiop(,iti.ais in rales in the conntrv furth.r «i'st ( »n a C I 
 
 shiprn.-ntof a;.'ri.iiltnraliiMpl,'rn,'nts fr li.-ina to .Ma.lV.»|. ,, .lisiaii,-.. of til miles" 
 
 the rate was ,, noted at S7 cents while a similar shipment from Winnii f. Macle,»l a' 
 
 distance ot (!•(< miles, the rate was (pioted at <;; c.'fits. 
 
 In tlie Krain rat.'s from the hrancli lines disprop,,rtions .xisl. From IVinc,. \ll„.rt 
 .. l-nrl W ilham, a distance of |.li;!,.s miles, a rate of i'!t ecnts is ,p,ote,l on .aain whih- 
 
 troin blmonton t.. I'ort Williai listance of l.ts.i ,„i|,.„, ,, ,,„,, „f ;, ,„^ ^^ ^ ^^,^,^,,, 
 
 III re-anl to the K<l nton rate the point «as l,ro,i^M,t out that while Kdlnonton looked 
 
 to the I'achc coast for the dispersing; of the -rain, the rat.- to the coast, a .iistaiae ,,f 
 ••^.il niil.-s. was .-f.H-. as a-ainst :i(lc. to Fort William, a distaiKc of l,(,s.! n,i|,,s. 
 
 ,, '"■Vr' '''""' "* ""''■ " •"""""'li'.^' "*' '"iiimoii ciaisnmption. the frei^dit ihai s from 
 
 l-ort \\ ilham to varnais points in the North west are sm-li as to amount to more than 
 twice the ori-inal cost of the arti.l.-, For install,-,-, th.- rat.- on salt fn.m F..rt Willi-.m 
 to Salt.-oats.s 41c. In the .-,>mplaint it is stat,-,| that salt c..sts .v| a l>arr.-l at F,Mt 
 \\ ilham a>.,| It .-..sts sl.-JU to lav it ,lown at Salt,-,.ats. In .-onn.-.-ti.m with this point 
 the railway .haws att.-nti,.n t,, th,- fa.t timt th,- .listan.-,- fr.an F.at William t,. Salt'oats 
 is ....S mih-s. It also stat.-s that th.- rat.- for a r.-lativ.- , listan.-.- fr.an Dulutli t.. a p.,int 
 
 ,ai th,- (.r.-at North.-rn Railway is .-,<;.-. p,.r 1(10 po.in.ls. Th,- sa point mav In- m.-n 
 
 ti.,iie,l in conn.-,-tioii with th,- shipni,-nts t,, K,lm.ait..n. Th,- rat ^alt tn.m F.,rt 
 
 WiMiam t.. K,lin.,nton is 7!t<-. Salt .-..sts at Fort Willi luu: ,„;■ JlMipoim.! ha-' aii.i 
 
 the tr,-ii.dit on this amounts t,> s|..">S pt-r ha;.'. 
 
 [ii on,- iiistanc.- a l)<M.I<s,-l|er f.ain.l it r.- .-.-.ai.ani.al in c.ain.-.-ti.a, with th.- sjiip- 
 
 m.-iit of iMH.ks fr.im Ton.nto t.. Iiav.- them shipp.-.| liv mail than l.v fivi-hi. 
 
 I{..tli at Vi.-toria aii.l Van.-.aiv.-r .•.anplaiiit was'mad,- .,f th,- iat.-s ,~har",-,l int., tli.- 
 \uk.ai 1,-mtory >nn- th,- Whit,- Pass Hailwav. A,,-.a-.lin- t., th.- .•l,-,s,.,ili.^.,ti,,n in u- 
 ..n tins railway. ^.hkIs are classe,! in four ,-lass.-s. A, H, C. 1). Th.- rat.- sl„-.-ts ,-opi,-s 
 ■ >t whi.-h an- til,-.l with this report, show tiiat th.- rat.-s an- has.-d .,n th.- net t..n .,f 
 -.0(1(1 ponn.ls. Th.- f.,llowin^' e.xtract fr..ni tarill G. F. (».. No. L><l ,,f |!to| indi.-at.-s 
 the arraii:;»-in.-nt f.ill.iw.-.l : 
 
 KATK I'KR TON OF -J.otm I.ll.s. 
 
 I 
 Onslilimi.ntsof Cro.ip A. ' (ii.-iip I!. Cn.-.pC. <;r,,u|. I). 
 
 I ,_i.l,r.-, t..ns . ,.,.„„ ,^., , .^^ 
 
 . tcm- aml„.„l,.r lOtons |._,-, ,K, ,..(.-,,„ ,-„ ,,0 T,-], '',', 
 
 .,-, " " ,;;;;■■ ii">("' '--'."> d" innm I'-.i .ki 
 
 IZ : " -1 ■■ I"'""' "■"'"'" '-■'"" -»""' 
 
 -^, „.;, ■■ ' ' """" 1-'"""' ■■i-.'iim 
 
 "'" !'■•■ 00 1.1,-, IHI 11.-. .1.1 -.'ir, 00 
 
 It is all,-}.'...! that siiipm,-nts liav,- j;.,n.- in l.v wat.-r f.,r th.- Tra.lin- Co at .s!|(l per 
 t.w. whil.- this wat.-r rat.- is not availal.l.. t., th.- shippers fn.m Hritisii Cohiml.in. In a 
 .■..inmuni.ati.m from th,- soli.-it..rs of th.- .-..mpanv folLiwin- statcnu-nts are suhmitt.^l 
 .m liehalt ot the i-ompany : 
 
 (./) The rat.'s char^red ,-,.v,-r steamship fr,-ij;lit from Pa.-iti,- ,-.„ist p..rts t., Ska.'wav 
 Alaska, whai-t dues to th.- wharf .-..inpatiy at Ska-way: railway fn-i-ht tVom Skai^'wav, 
 
 nLM\^aHHsr.j 
 
M H.t//.\\Ary AXD ( AXAI.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 Alaska III Wliili- llciiM', Yiikiiii 'IVititmv; ami iImt sicaiii t'niirlit fi'irn Wliitc Hnrse 
 til DawMiii. 
 
 (A) All llii'x' scfv ill's ail' |H'itiiiiiiii| iiiiiliT <iiiiilili<iiis lit' liiyli ]iiiri-i fur r\civtliinu 
 iiicliiiliii;; lalHiui. tiallii- niily iiMAiii;; cnif «ay ami a lica\y loss rnaih' iluriii;; tlii' wliitci- 
 iniiiitlis in kiT|iiii;.' lumiimiiiialiiiii iiiMii, iiliil wliicli lia* tu !«' iiiaili' ;;ikmI nut of tlii' 
 >li>iit siaMiii of |>r'i>lital>lr tlullii'. 
 
 (I) ItailuaV piMtioIl lit till- -.I'lA iir is uMT .1 lii'a\y ll|i v'laill' .Itlil tllf cn-.t nt' iiill 
 >liiirtiiiii ami ii|Mi|iniiiit ut' tlic lint' was miv ;,'n'iit. lli;L:li itiiiiiami' lati'i arc iliaijicil 
 nn till- ^I'a yiiiiii; M'ssiK, uliilr it i^ iiii|ii>ssil>li' tn nlitaiii iiisuiaini' mi tlif ri\('r Imats. 
 
 {rl) ( )n staiilc riiiniiiiiilitirs thi' rale-. \ la St. .Mirliails ami flu- Yiikmi arc aiiiiii;;i'il 
 uti a iiasis lit' al.'iit Id |ifi' rent less than llii' Wliiti' l'a>s rati'. 'I'hi' laiiii' claMsitiratinM 
 is iiscil liy iMitii. 
 
 (I ) Till' tiatlii is small in aiiiuiiiit anil niusi iil)\ imislv 1k' riini|irnsatci| fur liy a 
 liii;liiT latc. 
 
 (/'» It is alli';;i'il that uliati'Vci- ilillii iiltv the mast nii'iclianis may i'X|K'iicn(i' in 
 iilitaiiiinu a shiiii' in \'iikiiii tiailc is attiihiilalilc tu the tint that thr Itawsnn meirliaiits 
 all' lairi'hasin;; ilii'i'i't ti'iim tlie maniitailiMi'is in Kasti'in Canaila. 
 
 A ('iinsii|i'i';ili|(' Mtiniln'i' iif slii|im('nts haM' U'en mailc hy way i>f St. .Mirhai'l s ami 
 Ihi' ^'llklln. A sailili;; vessel can make almnt twu )js tn the imititli ut' the Ytikiin, 
 and a stcanier- can make almnt tliice during tlie scasun. Vessels can make almiit ten 
 imiml tri|is t'nan St. .Mieliacls to Mawsnn. A rate ut' •■^•"il a tmi has U'cn i|iiuteil liy 
 
 this I'liiite t'luni Seattle tu Uawsun. It is t'uiiml in ijencial. huwcver, that the xcmcnt 
 
 ut' t'leiirlit ii|i the Vukun is siihjcct tu the >i.iitiul ut the Tiailiiij; eiim|>any. 
 
 Tu siini ii|i the mattei «hieli arises nmler this heailiii;; : LiKal rates in OntJiriu are 
 in suine instances su excessive as tu leail tu tlic muveinent uf cumniiHlities liy team. 
 There alsu exist iliscriminatluns Iwtwcen lucalities. In the Nurtli-west there is a hifili 
 Imsis ut' liK'al rates. The case uf muveinent in the traiis|)urtatiuii aeiuss tlic |iiairie, 
 eiiii|ileil with the fact that this sectiuii is rajiidly tillinj; up wmild, in my u|iiiiiuii, justify 
 Slime readiustmeiit uf liM'al rates. The existini; ;;raiii rales frum liramh lines in the 
 Niiitli west are nil an aiinmainus fuutiin;. 
 
 y. COMPKTI'ITVK VKlisrs \<)N CO.MI'KTITP.'K TI!.\KKI('. 
 
 It is an cstalilislieil ]iusitiuii that there is little uf etiicieiit i'niii|ii'litiuii as i'ej.'ai'ds 
 rates. W hat ciim|ietitiun exists is a (Nini|M'titinii uf service rather than uf rates. The 
 eum|H'titiiin dues nut nuniiallv lead tu une railway iimlerliiddin^ anuiher : it leads tu an 
 
 ai;i inent ii|iuii rates Thruiii;li traltic, ur trallie which luis a Inn,:,' haul, is curried uii a 
 
 lu«er late |ii'r tmi per mile than Ineal trattic This diireieiice is attriliutalilc in tin' 
 main tu the fact tliat the tratlic which has tu stand the lull;; haul will nut In'ar a very 
 liiiih tun mile rate .Slmrt distance tratlic. mi the uther hand, can stand a hi^liir tun 
 mile rate liecausc this rate will nut Ih' such a lar^'i' Jicr cent nf tlic \alue. In additimi 
 tn this the dillerence in rate ,it which the twu classes nf tratlic are cairied is ,'iirectiil hy 
 the presence ur aliscncc nf alternative inethnds nf tniiispurtatiuli. 
 
 t )n \ariniis lummiHlities the Iim-.iI rates are liea\ v as cum pa red with the thrnii;.'li 
 rates. In the shipment nut nf wire frniii Windsur this appears. While all thnse cnixaf^ed 
 in the wile liusiness have tu pay the liii,'h Ineal rate it makes the c'liimi.Nlity much mure 
 expciisiM' when delivered at a nun cniiipetitive pnilit. 
 
 I.ncal rates are disprnpurtiuned tn tlirmiL'ti rates. I'"ur exam|le, the Imal rate mi 
 emilai;c frum Stratfmd tn Turmitn is lil' cents, while the rate frnin Stratfurd tu New 
 ^'nrk is L'l cents, ,V shipment uf j.'niHls frum Tnttcnhain tn Stratfurrl. a distance nf ."<'.• 
 miles, ciist ■-'•) cents per 1<KI Ills. ; shipments nf similar ^.'ikkIs were ni.'ide frniii Itctrnit tn 
 Stratfurd, a distance nf 1 tl miles, fnr L'l cents ]ier KK) lbs. ; .iiid frum ('hica;,'u, a dis- 
 taiiie III 41;'l miles. I'nr ;'•" cents. All lliesc siiipineiils wcie in less th.ili car iuis. 
 
 hisprupmtimis exist alsu iH'twcen tlie slmrt distance rates tiiemselves. ( )ii a less 
 than car lut slii|iiiieiit finiii Chatham tn Seafurth. a distance nf T.'l miles, a rate uf -l! 
 cents per l(H' lbs. was chari;ed : while frmii (^dencue tn Seafurth mi the same class of 
 
IIKI'OliT >>x HMI WA Y COMAf/^iSInxs 57 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 Ko.hIh also , , 1..S. than rar l.,t. . n.t.. ,.f .K, ,...,„, „,., ,|,„,...,| .||„. ,„,, ,,; 
 
 ^. .ml.... I, «,l iH. nn.Kv, ,1,,., ,„ ,l.„ i„s,an,-,. .h. ,h„r,..r .li.,un.-.. was i, -I , 
 
 th. loM«..r. A s|,„„n..n, ,.f ,.hhIs f, , St, at for. I t„ .S..a,„,,l,. a .li,ran.-.. „( -, 1, 
 
 n.s, ■> ....„,. ,..,, 1 00 I1.S.. . ,i ,. ,„KHls in ,1... s. ,.lass ,V.„n S..|.,i„.vil|.. , . s,.,, ' 
 
 :tn::u;r:.a-i.!;:: •- • '" '-'"^ •■- ""•"- '^ ^ • ^-".--^ 
 
 In tl... ,as.. „f ..attl.. sln|,„,..Mt f, ||..„sal| tli- .attl.. «.■„ lnn..|l..,| l.v , j ,V,„„ 
 
 NM,„.I. |.,w..v..,, tl„. ,at.. tV,.n, Walk...,,,,,.,. (.,,.■„ S.„„„i v,a lla.ns,,,,,. a f 
 ll..„..y..,. t., (»«,.„ S,M„i,| ,„ „|„., „,,. ,i^,,| „, ,|„, ,,„,„, ,i^,,„.,, ^.^ ,^ ,,„„,. 
 
 l,..a „„i..a^',.. tl...,.,.t„,-,.. a|,,,|.vi„^'. If tl„. sa,„.. a,.„.M.,t ,.f l,usi,„.s. w,„ „|i;.,.i,.,, i',,.,.. 
 
 Jl.,tl.. as t,.,,,„ I at l>„..,a.,.. a ,„, n.s,„„,.li„, .a.-itV «,m,I,I I |„i„.„,. Tlu.,.. is a s 
 
 sa« ii„l| at Hifll,.. l„i, i, is a i,i,,.,lv l,„al I.Msi,i,.s,. ' 
 
 Tl„. f,,||„«i„. tal,l..s will s..,-v,. „,i,„li,.a, .,.,.,ai„ ,„M.,li,i,.s ,|„. ,,la.i.„, 
 
 '"■'"'■'•'I '■ |«.titi\.. a,„l 11,(11 caiiiM'titiN,. tiaili,. : 
 
 Am, -I,. 
 
 Kin„, T... 
 
 Mil,-,-'. !■].. I!.,i.-. I..C.I„|;,,t^ 
 
 ll'..M 11;. -I'. ({. (•,„„. T,„-,„it.. l',;HriH. 
 
 iiM,ilitvJ',iii(f.!!i,i:) Wiii'ls,.!- 
 
 1:. ]'. \.A, 
 
 r/,.ri.l.iii S.alorlli. 
 \Vii,.|s.,r. 
 St. Thuljius, 
 linintfur,! St. Tln.m.is 
 '•,i.'llili Ftisjii-. 
 
 T.in.litn K-ru'Ms 
 
 I...M.i..ii 1',,,'liii 
 
 i;u.l|.li 
 
 llniiitforil lt.rlin. , 
 
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 T,il-i)iit(i l)|-niiili,i. . . . 
 
 lit 
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 14 
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N.tir.» A Yfi ASI> CASALS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1002 
 
 Article. 
 
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 Till' fiilldwin;,' tiilili's iiicli<,ati' tlii' ii'liitidri ><i llii-niii,li tcp Imiil rules in sipiim- scctiiiiis 
 111' We.sti'ili ( liituiiii : 
 
 Frfi;;ht taiill im ;;ciiciiil ini'i-rlminlisr tVi'in lliiiiiiltnii iiikI hiiiHJio (<i. T. \\. (!. 
 
 Iliiiiiiltun MarrisliuTV 
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 LiMiil ficii,'!it tiiritV iH'twccii Owen Siiuiid iiiiil stiitiniis in ttestt'Di iitiij iclitnil 
 <li.Htri.ts ((i. T. K. N... W. T. I). 
 
 h'rcaii I'l 
 
 Owen .Sdunil Tunmtu. . . . 
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 It i.s tiiii' that sliiiiti TiJistJinif ti-atMc cannut justitialilv t'.\|HK-t the i iinc rato jx-r ton 
 I>fi' mile as Imiccr (listaiicc tratti.'. It lias to Im' ri'C(i;:niz<'i| that the tciiiiinal iliart.'fs 
 are a I'onstant in iK.th classes nf tratlic, while tlie im»' -if ni.iM'Uient t.*n(is to varv 
 inveiNely as the distance. At the same tinii' in a nuinl). if instances tlie djwrejiau'-v 
 Ix'tween the rates on the two classes ot" trattic is tin. i^rcat. Theli' is not sutlicieiit cor- 
 resjHmdonce lietweeii the distance travelled and tlie rat.', and re>;ulative sujiervision is 
 nei-cMsHrv. 
 
 
nsffiHT n.\ It A 1 1, ir.r >• niMMisstoss gi 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 VI. A.MKHMAN UATKs \N| CAN.M.i.W liATK.s 
 
 Tl... fu.t that th.. .l.urt.M m.l .i.M.n„.v Ih.|v „ ,|„. „.„tl. «..,t..n, ,..,.1 ,„.,tl..rM 
 
 .-Mtrul .f.it.s „n,l tl,.. .ustrrn st„f.., l„.s ,..■,.„,( 'anu.lian (..rntrnv .■,..„t.., ,n„„v iiifr 
 irlat...iishii.H U.t«,..n th,. laiUav nvstrrn. ..f Caiia.la an.l ..f il,.. rnj,,.! .s,,.,t... ' K,.,.,„ 
 Ht. .■arly -lal,. tl,.. (•anu.han rail«avs |.K.k..,l „. ,v,.|.niNl„„^- tla.r l-a.Mr tratli.^ I.v a .,l,ar.. 
 in tl,.. .aiTvn.u t.a.l- ,.f tl». .I..v..|„,,inu «-,t. TI... U,n,|i„t' -vxfn, a, it .xi^t. h, ,lav i. 
 
 '""■ "'>"■'•"» runv. ■.....„.•.. t,. tl th «..st..rM Mat-,. S.„Mirl, i, ,|». ,..„n ..„„:,„ .• 
 
 iv.-, «„■/..., I that an -Ih-rt t,. h>nit th- CaMa.han I'ar.li,. tV-a,, ,M.rti.i|,a„n„ ,„ ,h,. ,,alh.' 
 .■Iicitr.1 th.- iiiark>'<l (lisa|i|.iina! nf thr | i,|- >•( th.. math «.>t.Tii >ial.-v 
 
 It thr ('ana.han .airi.-s ran wi th- ,.|.. i, li,.|.|. takin- a.K aniai.'.. uf tl mafh,.,,! 
 
 j-sition Mt (ana.la, .hvit through Am.iiran lialli,- f. th- fana.l.an lin.s. ,,a h '„l,.,n 
 
 "* ""^ """"'I t tt- |«Tat,un nf tia.l- anri sh.,„l,i not ia,hlv U- han,|H.n.,l 
 
 <,it ni th- MM.v,..^' ,>t th- .\n,..riran pnHln- a,rn>, th- |H.ninMila ,.f On.an,. th-r- 
 l.H tu 1h. -.a.M.I-ml n,.t uhlv th- n...^-ln-Mt fur -x,,.,rt. hut aU.. th- vrni-nl ,.f \„,-n 
 
 .•.u.^^khIs t,. , -ants M, rana.la wh-,-l,v -un.,H.titin,M, ,T-at-.| tor th- (ana.liar, |.,u.|u--r. 
 It t ,- rat-, ar-s,. airan--.| »s tu -jn- an a.lvantai;- to th- Ain-ri-ai. uv-r tin t ana.lian 
 priHiu— r, th-n th-i- is niatt-r fur i-:.'ulatiufi. 
 
 Th- -,an|,laint.s whiih aris- in » )ntariu as a -un .-m( - uf th- ,nt-r r-latiuns|,i,.s uf 
 
 th- railway syst.-ins „f th- twu -.aintri-s tall imd-r th- fu|l,,»i„i,' --n-ral h.^aclin-s 
 
 (.») IhnaiKh rat-s un Ani-ri-an |.nHln-ts passi,,;; Ihiun-h Cana.la ;,s , ,,ni|.an.,l « ith 
 
 tliruuKli rat-s un Canadian -.-hIs uf |h- sai l-s-riptiun passini; uwr th- sa,„- lin- 
 
 ^'"*' "I'limit IS -s)!— lally -unc-rn-.l with -rain ami li\- stiK k. 
 
 (/<) Itat-sun Am-ri.an ca .xliti-s hr,ai«hl intu Canada as -..,i,|,ar-,| «ith rat-s 
 
 un ( aiiadian i'iaiiniu<liti-s uf a lik- natiir-. 
 
 Th- runiplaint with i-lVr-n-,. tu th- i-latiun «hi.h thnaii;!, rat-s un Ain-ri-an 
 pHKis iH.jirtu thus- (ai Canadian -.-hIs hrin^-s ,i,, t|,.. ,|,i-sMun «hi.h in un- turn, ur 
 Hiiutl,-r has lH.-n int-nd-d tu U- d-alt «itl, I.v th.' • lun- ,,n.l shm-t ha.il . lass-s uf 
 vanuus n-ulativ a.ts. \Vl.,.r.. th.- .■uii.liti,.n .■xists that l..«.-r rat.'s an- -l,an'..,l f.a- 
 
 ""■ ^V •""""-I'ty .■airi.sl fur a lun^-.r .listaiav uwr tl... san,,- lin,. i„ th.. san,- ,|ir.... 
 
 ti,.n tl...r.. is a /.,•<»,„ /,„.,^ ..ans.. f,>i .,ai. plaint. Wh..,-.- a hiirh.r rat.' is rl...r'.sl f..r th- 
 I..nK..|- than tur tl... sh,at,.r haul. th.. rat.. f.,r th.- sl,..,'..r .listan... is at th.. saui.. tin,- 
 
 umnit..stU- .ait uf pru|«„ti..n t.. that ■• .-...l fur tl„. |,a,_',.r haul, tli.r.. is ,„•;,„„ /;„.;,. an 
 
 iiiiusti..-. W 1,-r- th.. Iuw..r rat... «h,.tl„.r al,suhit..lv .,r pr..iM,rtiunallv, is .q\..i, t.. th.. 
 Ain-n.-an pr.Hliu,. l,y a Cairulia.i r.^i.l th..,r ,ip,H.ars tu l». a i„a„if..s| .lis.rinnnati.a, 
 II iinst ( ana.han int-r-sts. 
 
 H..fur.. ..nt-rin- ,ip.ai tl xannnatiui, uf th.. ,. liti.a.s un.l.rlviML' this , unditiun 
 
 .as tu U. r.H.ui;niz,.d that many .•xai,ipl..s M,ii.'ht \«- .it. .I tu sl„.» that a s,.-n,ir,.' .lis 
 
 .•pancy ,.«■, .xist. A tVw -xan,pl..s fr tl„. t..slii„unv an.l tarills sulanitt..? «ill 
 
 .st.rM" fur th.. pur|Mis- uf illiisfratiun. 
 
 Il-tr.,it rat.'s an.l Chh-a-.. rat..sar.. thr.,;i-h,ait .a, a lu«..r hasis than iat..s ii, s.aith 
 «-,..st-rn Ontari... I»..tr..it has uhtain.-l a rat.' ..f 111... p,.r |(Ml puun.ls .a, •ivmu il,,„r 
 and mill pr.Hlu.tst.. th.. s..alH.ar.l. «h..r..as Cana.lian iMill,.rs ha.l t., pav 1 :! U- Th- 
 latt.T rat- is alsu th- rut- wlii.h was .har-i'.l fr.ai, (.'hi..,-.., fur ,xp..i-'t ilurii-- tl,.. 
 
 ■*"' '• "f 1!«>I. (Mi,hi-an C,.|,tral I.C.C., N... 1,1' Ki. ..tl-..,l,v.. .I.,,,,. 1. I'.IOI ) ' Th.. 
 
 .■xp..rt rat.. ..ii .-at 1.. fnaii Clii.a-u t,. St. .I,,hn is L'S.. (S... (iran.l Trunk l,in..s W-st 
 (..F.lt., N... ,0.-,, ,.in.<.tiv.. Au-ust l.\ llMll.) Th.. Cana.lian liv- st.-k rat..s fur ..xpurf 
 may In- uhtain-.! fr.un (irand Trunk taiiir. d.M. 7. .ir...! iv.. .lamiarv L'L', liMiil. Cud.T 
 this taritl the .'xp.at lat.- fr..,ii uruup A., whi.h iM.lu.l..s Sarnia t.. St. .luhn, is •.'.".- fn 
 th.. -as.. ..f th.. rat..s fr.a,, th.. t..rriturv iiit,rm...iiat.. t«.twtMn Chi.auu an.l Dctmit th- 
 rutcs ar- ;.'radi.,|. In th.- ..as., uf th.. Cana.liaii sliipi,„.nt.s th.. i.'r..ups fnan whi.-li the 
 rat-s ar- charj.'.Hl may U- .livi.l...l int.. tw,. ,lass,.s. A. t.. !•., .■,,n....rn...l with th.. rat-s .,n 
 th- n.a,., hn.>. an-j (J. tu P.. -un<...rn,.<l with v:,u- u„ f!>». !>ran,h i;i„■^. l!„- lattrr i«-in.' ui. 
 a tiiKher l«si.s. Kr..m A. t.. R, .,r fnan Sarnia t., It.a-val, a distaii.'- ..f P.IC, ..lil.-'s a 
 uiiif.>rni rat- uf L'-V. pri.vails. n.i -radati..!, what-v..-- U.ing rt.....j;niz...|. 
 
 As u r-.sult ..f th- Aim.n.-Hii rat- Iws.. b..in>; l..\v. r. th.. .■.■mplaint arisin- un.l..r th- 
 several headm-s has t.. Ix. facnl. C.mplaint is ma.l- that Am.-ri-an j;.j.Kis aiv hnaii-ht 
 
m '''•« " HM IS , ( .V n I • 1 y.i / s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 ititii <'iiii;i'lii lit liiwcf iiit'-^ lliiiii nil- ^'iM'ii till '!»• Ill ml nt ^iiinl ir (iiiinliaii 
 
 i.'IMnl'^. 
 
 Kxiiiiipli-^ Ixaiiiiu ii|iiiii lliis iniiv !»• mIiIiiIih .) t'lmii lilt, iiil ^.itioii- ut' < >!iliiiiii. 
 
 Till' t'lilliiwillU llllllr u'i ( « II riilii|i|||lltiM' ntlltiMi'->l( Ml I. Pllt.-> fl W ;ill,.|Ailli- 
 
 mill l»i'tiiiil lit till' iiiti'i nil iiiiii miImn itnl liviliiiiilv 
 
 • iini|iiiliiliM' iiit<'< n'liiti'l nil null x.iJM- Mini hviliitii ti ' iiii.iilinii |ii.iiils tmiii 
 jlilri'il, Mirl.ii."ii mill Wiilkiiv illr 
 
 It.iii - ir.iiii Id ii.ii:. Mull. (I,. |..(1. 
 
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 NN'liili- till' hi'liiiit uiiitiT niti'uii iIiiil:> In .Mmitii'iil 
 lull' i^ TUr. Till' jlctMiil wiiiti'i mil iiiiiIiiil;> tn 'rniiin. 
 « iiitii piiti' is |Hi-. 
 
 Ill till' ■.liii'iiii'iit lit iiiiiti'i'iaU iiM'il ill till' iiiiiiiiil'iii I . I 
 Ik' uliliiiiii'il lis inlvmitiii'i'iiiisly t'liiiii tin' li.Mi,'ri' ilistatn 
 .•slim ti'i' ili-.|mii'i' Catmiliiiii |iiiiiit-.. Tlii' latr I'lii siiiali [<. 
 \\iii»lNtii<'k is :i.')<'., «lii|i' till' WHIM' rati' is rliai-itcij t'liiiii 
 'riiiiiiitii III Stnttt'iii'd L'.'lr.. tlit' saiiii' iiiti' can lu filitaiinil 
 
 .\ i'iiiii| liillil was IikI:;i'i| lliat tlir lalr mi uaumi ski iii- trmii Siiith I . .1. Iiiiliaiia, 
 111 t'hatliiilii cii-t L'l ri'lits |.i'r lull |iiiiiiiils l..( '.I,. ; \sliili' timn I .niiilnii In I . 1 1 ;ialii tlii' 
 siiinc ski'iiis (list :.'■_", I't'Mts |ii'i Kill |.niiiiil. L.C.I,. 'I'lit' i,iil«a\- state in nlmttal that 
 till' actual latc, Siiitli Itciiii tn ( liatliaiii. attcr il»i|iictiiiu' i .iiTai.'f at C'liatliaiii. 'Jl, cents, 
 Is Is^ cents. Kinni Luriiliin in ( 'li.,tli.iiii, at'ter ili I'lii'tiiii: cailaLre at Initli sln|i|,ini; |inini 
 ami ileslinatiiin. is IT.', cuts. Tliis li .ivcs tlie nit r.ites isi miil IT'. i'i's|ii'i f ivelv, nr a 
 ilitleri'iice lit' ,' lit' a cent per |IK' hiiiikIs. 
 
 Till' railway |i<isitiiin in relmttul will imw \m- cnrisiil. nd. 'I'lie jHisitiiin "t tin- (irmiil 
 Trunk xvitli retcrcnce tn tin- Inwer rate liase, t'rnin |)eti'nil ami ntlier I'liints «est ilnreiit. 
 
 is as t'nllim s : ■ Itates t'lnlll l>ctrnit ami ntlier I'nitell States pnintswesl tliiri'iif are, 
 tn |iiiiiits ill ('anal la wist nt' tlie Niimma timitier, iiiaile mi tin- liasis nt i.ites tn iiiillajn 
 liy the rniites ail witlii'i tlie I'liitcd States territnry, ami in cnnt'nrnnl' with the rei|iiire 
 ineiils nt the interstatt I'liinnierce law, I'liiiraln rate^ are iiiaile as a m i\iiiiiiiii tn Ham 
 iltnii ami other |i(iiiits in the ilirei't line tn the Niaixara tmiitier. Tiirnntn is cnm eileil 
 the same luisis as llainiltnn, ami that i;ini'riis the interiiieili.ile pnints tn 'rmniitn 
 Sitnilariy JMistnn rates an the iiia\iiiiuin tn Camnlian |inints east nt rnruntn. The 
 i'nitcil States territnry east nt Chica^'n is imich iiinie tliicklv iiii|iiilat.-i|, laf.'e tnwiis nr 
 cities nearer tii;,'ether than in Canaila, .-i iiiiich larjier trallic a\ailalili' .ml carrieil liv the 
 I'niteil .States raih.ays. ami they can theietnre aHiinl tn li.iul tni'.'ht t'nr Inwer rates 
 than Canailian lailvviiys. with a smallei' tnnnaije, can aliiuil tn ijn 'I"he climatic cnnill 
 tiniis in the winter nniiths are nut sn severe in the I'nitiil States as in Canada, iiml 
 iiencc the 1 \|ienses lit n|ieratin-' imt sn ifieat, sn that tin Canadian railways must nt 
 necessity have a liii,'lier scale nt rates. Canadian shi|ipers want, ami .'ire '.'iveii, as ;:imiiI 
 and nt'ten U'tter service than prevails in the I'niteil States, .iml u'l""! and elhcient sir 
 vice means an expenditure nf mniiev. 
 
 .Siinie turtiier points in the relmttal stati tiielils of the lailwavs an- es.seiitial In ihe 
 proper iimlei'stamlini.' lit their pnsii inn. In the case alreadv reterred tn whei'e a rate 
 prnportiiinally lower, when ri-liiced in a iiiilea;,'e luisis, was '.'iM'ii on waunn skeiiis troiti 
 South lienii to ( 'liathain as cninpareii with a shipment trnni a nearer Canadian point. 
 
 iittentiiin is drawn tn the fact that in the case ni this iiurticuiar cniii litv the nllicial 
 
 ijassilicatinn is Inwer than the Canadian .joilit freiiiht elassi'ication. The (aiiadiaii 
 I'acilK' states in reliuttal i>t the char^'e, that lii;;her rates are iharKiil fmm Canadian 
 manufactiirinu' and shippin;i pnints than frnm ciinipetiiii' I niled States |Kiiiits. 'We 
 
/.7.VO/.'/' o.v /.I//. ii ( ) ii.i/,:f/ssio\s g^ 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. SOa 
 
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 '""" " '"' '",'"' ' ""•'■*' •"^'""•^ •""' l''i'""l'an I.Hs,,,..., :,s „ „„.„„„... „,;,.|f ,,..,.t....,i„„ 
 
 :-■, Kast Ik„„.,1 ,.H.,.. fr„n, i.,.t.,.i. ,„„l,.,. tl„. .ulin^, ,., ,|„. A,„..,„.a., m,|«avs a,.. 
 
 ,as..l ,.., ,.s ,,..,. ,...„t „t tl,.. ( l,i,.a..,. N..W V.ak .at-s «|,i..|, a, , a l..u l.aMs ..wi.w ,., 
 
 ll|.•^,■.v la,■-,■t,..,..a::.■„,..^..,| iM.tw...... iIilm.. ,iti,.v TI... raL-s, tna,, I (.t.-,,,, t., ( ^na 
 
 'lian iH.n.t.-., «l,.l,. a. I,i;.|, as ..an U. ...,„.sist..ntlv ,l,a.i:...l l.v tl». Cat.a.lia,, ,.ail«avs a.,. 
 
 ■.«i..U t.. tl,.. ,1,1 ..,...„..,. in ,1... .at.. U,sis a.,.1 .lassitHatl,,,,. i,, ,,„„.. i„.st.„„...s l„«; , 't|,a,; 
 
 111.' laL's tr.11,1 \\ ii,(|s..|.. 
 
 Tl,..|.,« .'at.. U.t«,.,.., C'lM..a-„an.| N..« ^,„|^ „ u„,|,,„l,i,..|U alt, il.iital,!,. ,,, ,|„. 
 
 " I"'""-' '".'■' ' "••'«'■'■ '""il-'liti"". Tl,.. laiUsav, |H,sit,.,„ is, ,„ siiKsta...... lliat ,|,„ 
 
 .■..iM|-tit,..i, ,s s,i,.|, as t,,,.a„s,. tl,..,H I., „iak,Mat..s «l,i,|, «,„,|,| „,,| |.av it' ai.|,li...l I,. ,11 
 .Itll.ll l„,s,„..ss. Att,.nti„ll ls,l..^„t..,| U III,. ..ail«axst,.tl,.. ta.., f|,at , l,is l,„s,„..ss' ,s 
 ..t a.halltau.'lli lliat .1 a,l,|. t., tl,.. |,|.,,s|K.nfv ,,f ll,,'. ,.ailwa\, tl,..,...l,v ..„al,li„.. i, t,. 
 i'.«..|. Its nitfs ill |.,.f;ai.,l h, j.H.al t,.atlii., 
 
 Tl,.- |M,sili,.n thai tl„. Caiia.liaii iail«av. iiiiisi ,,1,.,.,.^. t|„. ,„.,.„.„| ,.,,„,lii„,ii 
 
 ..-a,is....t tli..n.,„|,..llii,:;t„n... „f tl,,. I,it..|s|al.. ( ' i,,. C',a, „„, |.,,« i, ,„,, 
 
 filial. 111.. ,.vi,i,.,„.,. sl,„ws that ill a tV« ;nsta,i,...s at l,.ast tin, ,,„„|n„,„ has „„t 1h.,.„ 
 i,.,-..^;i,i/...ll.vtl,..Aii,. ,i,.aii,.ailuays. Tl,.. IVr,. .Ma|.,|,„.tt.. Itailuavlias ,|„„t..,| |l..,,..,it lat- 
 t.i \\alk..|.v,ll...li„i.ti,.M aii.l Far;:,, hut «,,iil,| ii,,l ,,„.,t,. this lat.. t., W incls,,,- K.ir ■, 
 sl,..rt tun,, th.. Uahash •^n,,- t'aiiailiaii points tl,.. a.Kanta-.- ,.f a,, I 1 i ,.,.,,1 ,.\|.,„i ,.,t,. 
 -11, -laiii. The Wahash (.|it th,. .stahlish.-.l rat... t.. -..f 1,„sim,.,s' Ihis ,.,|.. u.,' ., 
 sp..,.|al rat.. t„r..x|,.,rt. >., tarilluas piihlish..,!, .\„ II ..iiit rat,, has l,..,.„ ;,!.„ ,',ix,.,, ' ,■,,',. 
 .•N!...if tr.,iii Cana.hai, points „N,.rll,.. L,k,. Kri,. a„,i |.,ir,.,t an.l .Mi !,i..a,I" ( Vntral 
 I li.. i.irill will Im. t.iiiMil ill ih.. appciiilix. 
 
 Thf lifik,. Kri.. ami Di'triat Un.r Uailwa* tarill' know ,, as I,. K ,v |i |u | (■ ,■ 
 .N... l.'.I, WHS i.ss,uMl|),.,.,.|„ht.r ."nil, l.><!t!l. ,.|r..,tn.- I »,.,.,.|,ilH.r jJtli I s |.| thi.s\v,sa 
 lanll oil ^,.n..,-al ,„,.,.,^!,a„.h-.^an.| .-.h.m.^H.h.:, ;V„:ii <t:ui„ti, „,. li,.. L,K.. Kr„. a„,i 
 l).'lr.,il l{i\,.|.. ,s„ppl,.„„.,„ N,,. 1 tothistarill. is,sii..,| March Itl, |<HM) ..Hi.dM, .\1.,,-,.|, 
 
 ■'" ,""T' f'^L- " """,",'' "^' '■'■."" "" '"'■ '"' •*'''P""'"<- "f -'lain an.l tl-.ur fn.iii stat..,i„ 
 ..n Ihi- l^ik,. Kn. ,.i„l |>,.ti.„f J{is..r liaiUvav u, N,.w Y„i k t.,r .'xport. ( )„. ,|av l.,t,.r 
 
HAILWA rs AXn CAXALS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 on Miiich L'.t, l!M)(i. siip|ilenicnt No. l', <"tt't'ctivc April 2n<l, IIHHI, was i.ssm-d. This 
 phu't'd tlic export fatf to New York iit 1.!,'. ci'iits. 
 
 Kvidciicc wliich it wu.m iTiipossililc to corrolKinitc iiiiil whicli I <lo not thoivfoic 
 rcKiiril us i'onchisivi', states that the rate was raised at the iiistaiii'e of the {.'aiiadiaii 
 roads. It is to 1k' noted tliat no action eithei' foiinal or intorinal was taken liet'ore tiie 
 Interstate C'omuierce Connnission or hy the t'onniiissioii as a result of whieli the 
 increase was made. 
 
 In regard to trathc from .\meiican |)oints into Canada tlie position taken hv tiie 
 railways ininimi/cs the importanci' of such competition. It is considcri'd that the Com 
 [ilaint of Windsor with refeien<-e t<> lower rates heiiii; j,'raMted to l)etroil is sentimental, 
 since there is no active competition Ix'tween Hctroit anil Windsor. The Caiuidian 
 Faeitic stales in its statement in rehuttal, -Our information j,'(h-s to show that tlii-re is 
 very little competition Ix'twcen Detroit anri Windsor as far as actual shipments to 
 Canailian noints are eoneerncd. If Detioit and Windsor were in active competition in 
 the manufacture or shipment of any comm(«lity it would Ix' to the interest of Canadian 
 railways to protect Windsor and this wciuld U' doiu'.' 
 
 The (M-and Trunk says, -The Canadian shi|ij)er or nmnufactuier at Windsor simply 
 locates there in order to avoid the customs t arid' he ould Im- suhject to if shi]pments 
 were uuide from Detroit, and the Canadian railways do not considei' the rates Detroit 
 to Winds(U- can l)e compared on a ndleajie Imsis.' 
 
 The <-laim of the railw.iys that there is no ett'ei'tive competition hetween .American 
 meichatits and Catuidiun merchants in Ontario is t<Mi sweepinj;. The evidence esta- 
 Mishes that there is ert'ecti\c i-omiietition. Klleetive competition in hardware has Im-cii 
 shown to exist as far east as London. This is atti'ihutahle not so nnich to the <'lassiti 
 cation as to the rate hasis. (ietieral hardware is classed lower under the American 
 Otlicial than under the Canadian Joint Krei<;ht elassitication. At the same time on 
 certain articles the two ela.ssitications are on the same fiMPtinj:. The followinj; tahle will 
 also indicate that on certain articles of general demand the elassitication is suhstantiallv 
 the same : 
 
 Cnnadiaii .foint Freight f'lansitiiatinn. 
 
 Puttv 
 Whit. 
 
 Shot.. 
 
 .\rtiulf. 
 lead.'.".. 
 
 L.C.I, 
 .'1 
 3 
 .i 
 
 Ijead 
 
 Lf). 1. 
 
 '•pe 
 
 .t 
 .'1 
 
 Aiiicrican Official CUiwIKcatinn. 
 
 f'.L. L.C.L. C.I- 
 
 •') 4 r, 
 
 ■"> ;5 5 
 
 •") ;( less l»() .") 
 
 .1 4 
 
 •") 4 f) 
 
 On these artic'les the lower I'ate hasis enahles them to displace the floods of Cann- 
 diaa merchants. 
 
 On the longer hauls ccaniii;,' in from th(> I'nited Stjite.s, the ton mile rates will U- 
 lower than in the e.ise of the shorter hauls from (.anadian points, hut whi-re the 
 Canadian shorter haul is treatinl .Ttirely as a lix-al haul the ton mile rate will W so high 
 as to otlset, when comi>etition arises, "the advantage that is given hv )u-oximity to the 
 rruirket. In arr example giverr in air earlier corrneetion it is shown that the rate from 
 South lierrd to Chatham on wagon skeins is orr so low a Uisis as to practicallv ofl'set the 
 advatrtage Loudon possesses fr-om its ]iro.\iirritv. 
 
 t'uhlic policy demands that when a low i-ate hasis is given to American goods 
 
 which corrre itrto c petitioir with Cairadiaii giMxIs there shorrld Ih" regr'latioir to see that 
 
 tin expansion of Carra.liaii trade is not harrrpered. It sh.uild !)«■ seetr to that Caiadian 
 giHMJs ar-e irot giverr such a r-ate as to otlset their geographical advarrtage. 
 
 With refcr<'irce to the through export rates orr .\rrreriearr [)riMhicts as conrpared w itlr 
 those giv.-rr to Catradiair shi|)|H'rs rt is rrranifest that the circ. stairces, 1 ..Hi in reganl 
 to volurrre of tratti.' aird water- corrr|H'titi(m, iirrder which the r-ates on the fonirer ar-e 
 deteniiin.-.! nn- not identic;;! with those entering iiu the dctcrmin;iti..n of the rates on 
 the latter. The (lirt'ei-<'ni-e in jMiint of conditicm will tend to give the .\rireriean pnKluct 
 a lower rate hasis; md the rate i-harged by the Canadiarr carrier <m .Arrrerii an g.MKJs 
 carried through Caniwlii for export is the rate.leternriired in the Uiriteil Stat.-s. At the 
 
 rwuw •a.ii^.Trr^K ^aL* 
 
liEl'OltT ON RA II. WA Y COMMISSIONS ^ 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 same tiiiu- it is ohviousiy not in tli.' j-uhli.- infivst tn allow tl,,. laihvav to (l..t...fnin,' 
 unc'h.vkf<l wlwit relation tlu' Canadian ..xp,.rl iut.> slioiild Imv,- f., tlir Am.'ii.a.i .x,,.,,! 
 rates. I jMJ.T .•xistm- conditions of tradr the rate l»isis on American tralli,- is |„'v,.r 
 Mut thf d.'tonninat.on of just how miuh Iu-Imt thr C.uiadiaii lat.'s ,lmll U. than tliu 
 American rates sli.aild Ih; sulije.-t to regulative priKess. 
 
 VTT. .MIMMTM WKKiHTs, 
 
 In determining,' the liasis of rates on cai' lots the (inesti.in df minimum 
 iniiMirtanee. 
 
 The rla,ssili,ation |irovides that in respect of the shipment of .-ertuin 
 certain minima shall ohtain in connection with the car lot 
 
 .\ niimher of complaints to the etlect that it was 
 esUlhlished minima were present<'d. The ;.'eiieral li\ 
 
 "•e.'lils Is 111 
 iriilriiwlities 
 
 Mpriient> 
 imiiiissilile 
 
 to load up to the 
 ,. ^ stock minimuiii is l'O.oimi pnuiuK 
 
 Single deck sinpi its of hof^s are .•arrie.l on this minimum. I touhle ileck shipmciils 
 
 have a mniinnim of from L'.-).00ll to .•JO.Sdd, aceordini; to the lciis.'th of the car. 
 
 In the l'nite.1 States, in the t^-rritorv covered l.v the olli.-ial dassilicatioii th.'ie i. -i 
 niinimuni of l,x,o(«) p„u,„|s „m sinf.de deck shipments of '„../s and a minimum of -S (mmi 
 on doiihl.- deck sliipmeiits. The averatre wei-ht of Canadian ho-s ,s much I,., than lliat 
 of American ho^-s. Consecpiently there is -r.^itcr dilhcultv in loa.liii" up to the 
 minimum. It was shown that when eijrht-riine iioj^s, wei-llin;; |.\s|.-. p.uinds, were 
 loaded into a car, they were so crowded that within an hour one i,f thei 
 
 avera;;e alxiut |."),(M1(( pou'ids can 
 
 limded in wiiit4'r tim<'. 
 
 Ill "lied. (In an 
 loaded in sum r time while aliout l(i,(llHt can he 
 
 ilisjiarity hetween the actual 
 was shiiwn in one particular 
 account of slirinka;.'e, the ni't 
 
 In the shipment of cattle there is not so irreat a 
 weij;lit of the shipments and the minimum wei;;lit. It 
 case that li»,l(HI pounds were loaded in. Ilowcvei, on 
 wi'i;,'lit when the port of export was reached was I", KMI. 
 
 At luvsent trunks, when shipi)ed in common cars thirty f-e f.^'t Ion" or under are 
 carruMl in third class on a minimum of 1 ♦.(luo poumls. This , s|Kvi«llv Complained of 
 in the North west sine- al the outside aix.ut lll,(MIU pounds can in- load.-d. In the case 
 ot carnafic shipments ihe weif^ht actually load.^d is at least oiieei;;htli less than the 
 mniMnuie Furiiiture is shipiH^l on a minimum of 1(1,(100 pounds Tn the ease of . ars 
 thirty-tive feet Ion;;, while in furniture or liav cars there is a minimum of I'o.ooo pounds 
 furniture dealers in the .\orth-w..st find that in order to take advantau'e of th.' ICiOOO 
 IHiun.i minimum they luive to ship • knocked down ' the f;,HH|s U'lii;; put together at 
 their destination, ft is inijiossihle to load in more than 1 t. Odd pounds! 
 
 Anomalous conditions exist in re,i;ard to the relation iH^twcen the minimum wei.dits 
 
 in ditferent classes. For example, the sixth class rate tV Chatham tododerich is 1 1, 
 
 or .>:JS for a 20,000 pound car: the fourth class rate is I'lc. or .'<L'!t. (O for a U.OOO 
 pound ear. /.'■.. the I t.OOO poiiiul car costs .•*l.Kl more than the JO.OOO poun.lcai. The 
 explanations ;,'iven of this condition hy the railwavs are as follows : 
 
 (iraiid Tninl: ' This comes aliout liy niakini,' a special minimum wei;.'lit on fan- 
 
 ninj; mills, 1 1,000 p.iunds, to confor early to tli.> actual w..i;;!it loa.l.'.l in a'car inst.-ad 
 
 of api)lyin« the usual maihincry minimum of L'O.Oiio pounds. < )ii short distances, it 
 does work out as stateil, hut on lon;;er distances it works out in the reverse wav. How- 
 ever, this is a matter which the classitication ittee can rei,'ulate, aiul it' shall lie 
 
 referrtnl to that ImkIv.' 
 
 Ciiii'idlaii J'aritir. ' A few instances only can 1m' found where this cimplaint is 
 justitiahh'. It IH only true in the case of short distances where the ditleivnce In'tween 
 fourth and sixth class rates is slight. The reverse is the rule on lonj:er distan.'.'s. The 
 niir.imuni weiftht on this ,lass of frei;;ht is L'4,()00 p,iuiids. An exception is made in 
 the case tif ii-ricuitiiral impicmciits and v, liides, l.ul tiie classilicalion provides that in 
 cas<-the miniii .,m wei^'ht at sixtli class shall In- lower than the minimum wei;.dit at 
 fourth ela.ss, the former shall ;;<ivern. (See |ia;;es 1.! and 7'.» in the Cinadian C'assitica- 
 tuin).' 
 
 ■i:j':r-^'i ■"._.■ *-k««»jt-i-ria».-j 
 
64 
 
 HAILIVAYS AX/> OAXA/.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 'I'lu' rail«iiy |«isiti()ii with rctVrciui' to tlic (|ii('stiuii of iiiiiijiiiiiiii \vfi;.'lits is tliiit tlii' 
 Imlkv iiiituri' "f tlw slii|iiiit'iit must al>ii !)«• (•((iisidcifd. It will Iw iiciticiil that tli<' 
 arti<los to which ri'tVrciici' lias Ix'fii iiwuh' ari' sui-ii as arc in pid|ioitioii to the wfii;ht 
 (•oiii|ianiti\i'lv liiilky. It is also stati'il that the i|Urstioii of iiiiiiiiiiiiiii Wfii^hts is not 
 decided hv the weii^ht that can 1h> loaded on a car, Iml what may Im> considered as fair 
 mininunn i-onipared with tlie cajiacity of the <'ar, which at the rate indicated in the 
 tiiritl will i.'i\e a fair revenue. It is furtlier stated that while a .'i."> foot car will ( arrv 
 tiO.dOil |iounds \\ei;.dit, when it is loailed with |>ianos and or;,'ans the char;.'e is IkisihI on 
 a niininnnn of I •_',(""' l"iunds wi'ii.'ht. oi' a reihution of ."^n p. ,-. in the capacity of the 
 <-ar. 
 
 'I'iie testimonv indicates thai llwie an'certain aihitrarv fealuies in lonnection with 
 till' ipiestion of minimum wei^dits. It also indii'ates that in \aiious cases the weiijlit 
 aituallv falls short of the niininnnn liy a considerahle niari,'in. The stat<'nieiit .pioted 
 from the (Iralid Trunk h jiositioli shows that <in one line of shipments the actual wei^'ht 
 was at least ti.ddo pounds short of the estahlished minimuni. Thi- aliility to determine 
 the niinimum means the power to determine the rate. Where the actual weijjlu falls 
 short of the minimum it means that the rate charj,'eil )ier |IM) |«)unds is in reality hiirlier 
 than the rate containejl in the tnritl'. While no deiiuetion is made where the wei;.'lil 
 iictuallv loadtMl falls Ih'Iow the minimum, where there is a surplus over the niinimum 
 it is eharj;ed. 
 
 While reco;ini/inj; the pertinency of a consiilerable portion of the arguments ad- 
 vanced hv the railways, it drn's not invalidate the conclusion thai the re),'ulation of 
 minima is essential to tiie proper rejxulation of rates. 
 
 VIII.— HKH.VTES. 
 
 Ti'ustworthv informatiim in coiineetion with the ([uestion of rehatcs, is alwav^ 
 diHicult to olitain. It is natural that the individual, who is ohtaininu the ad\antji;;e of 
 the secret rate, should Ije unw illin^' to divulf.'e any information concerniiii.' it. It is only 
 when there i.s a dispute In'tween the railway and the favoured shipjier, that exact iiifor- 
 inatioii mav Im- obtained. It has also to !«■ recoyni/ed that some of the cliarjres witli 
 reference to relwites are the outcome of the fact that an individual when underbid 
 in some enterprise attributes tlie advantaf;e obtaineil by liis competitor to more achan- 
 taj^eous frei^'ht rates rather than to a tituT shading; of profit. C'oniplaint.; were presented 
 atiectiii),' a nunilier of lines of shipments, the principal ones Ix'in;,' ec«il and cattle. The 
 eoiiteiition was made that .\inerican shipjiers of cattle passiiij; throuiib Can.ida are i;iven 
 
 reliiites. There was not suthcient evident f a conclusive nature pi-esentcd. to uphold 
 
 this contention. It is alleged by .some of the smaller cattle sliip|M'rs that rebate.'- are 
 granted to in inv of the lai';,'er cattle shili]iei's. I'liese statements rest simjily on sur 
 nii.ses ami inferenee.s. It wa.s shown, however, by the testimony of individuals who hud 
 been favoured by rebates, that relmtes had Ix'eii ;,'rante<l. The bills of ladini; of the 
 indi\ iduals so fa\i>ure(l, showed on their faces the same rate's as were char;;ed to other 
 shippers. The ri'lmtes wi'ie paid over in iiioiiey. 
 
 It is shown in ci iileiice that three years aj;o no testimony is submitti'd to show 
 that this condition still lontiiiues Canadian consunieis of American I'orn ciaild have 
 the corn laid ilown for i^U' less per car for freiitht charges, when orders were jilaced 
 throujih lai'j;e dealers in Canada instead of iM'iny: made direci by the consumers tliem- 
 .si'hes. 
 
 In rc;,'ai'il to business on other lines it is asserted, that certain faxiiured dealers in 
 (.'loceries and in harilware on the Pacilic Coast have the advantap- of rebates of from 
 10 p. e. to I." p. <■. It nuisl Ije stated in this connection that this information comes 
 from re)iresentatives of .\merican com|ietin>.' railways. 
 
 It has to 1k' recoi;iiized that in some cases at least a relMite where j;rante<l is j;ranted 
 as a result of the urfiency •; the shipper. This renders the work of rei^ulation in this 
 rc'Ltard exceedin;.dy dirtieuU. TIk" j>io\isioiis of the Kailway Act, as it stands at liresent, 
 with reference to reluites are suthcicntly explicit. I'liere is nceiled, howe-.er, a more 
 eHicicnt su|)erviHory ciaitrol. 
 
HHi'oiri ox /,•.■(//, II-. I r coMMi.tsKixs 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 IX. SKTTLKMKNI OF C'L.M.Ms. 
 
 66 
 
 *'" "''"^;>, '■ "'■":- '•' '"^'k- J^'-l "lain,. MttriUutaM.. ,„ ,1„. arli,,,, ,:f „' n, 
 
 Bnti.i, ( „i,,„,i.,. «,.. ..i,,,,..,.,i „„. i„,..n ii,„., ,,„, ,i,i„„„i, i, 1 „..,„;, „„„ . ,. : 
 
 Jte;'.':.'^ 'r '■ ' ' ' ■"""'■ ""■ ^•>M'i»-'-i'rnv..,i ..^ ,i.,.„ ^ . ,„„.,i,.„ ,:; 
 
 X. CHAN'CKS |.\ It.VTKs. 
 
 ta.t that th.. ,lass .afs s„ ,„,,,„s..,| l,v tl„. ,n,n,,ani,-s a.v «itl,in tlu- limits „f il„. 
 
 maxn,..ap,,rovo.l l,y tl,..(;ov.nHaiM Om.uMl is..„„s/,|,.nM| I.V ,1.. n,il«a J I 
 ar^unu-ut ,„ tav,„„- of thHr .va.s„„al,I..,„.ss. l„ ,„a„v ..as,.; ,|,.. fratii.'will '.,;,' 
 estal.lisl,..,! ,. lass rat.-, an.l ,M,n.vssi„„s Imv,. Ik-..,! i,,;,!,- l.v .„l.., , "'""". "''""I "'• 
 
 J«nwn„.l„y n.t..s l,as ,.at ,.nK-.....l,.i .., any ,1, Hnit.. ,.H>K.i,,|... S,,,,,^ '^^ . ^ 
 
 ^•" «'•"";'•'' ^" • ' •^■'"■■•i-., .-o.niK.titi,,.,: 1„ „t|„,'. ..a,s ,1 rl„.v l^v ::.„•..;, ' 
 
 But«l„..,.su,-1, .•„nc,.ss,„nsMav,.lH-..n n.a.l,. it l,as ro.,nin.,| a (•....si,l..,.al,l.. ,„,,„ t of 
 pr.-ssnn. o„ tl„. pa,-, of ,1... shippe.-s. .Vn.l tl... ..Itin.ato -Vt.nnit.atio, wlU , 
 
 Anoth...- .lisa,lya»ta.i;,. in ,.o,„„.,.tio„ witi, tli.. e.xisfi,,;; .at., svst,.,,, is that tlxT,. is 
 no ol,l,.at,o„ to .,v.. notio.. of ,.ha„u.. Wh,.„ noti.-- is .iv,.„ ii is !! ,.,.,• s 
 matter of ..ourt..sy. 0«„,. to tl. la.-k of „oti..., ..hauK-s i„ .-at.. .;!>. , ' r .-i .^ 
 enta l..,l oss,.s „p.,„ sl„p,H.rs. Th.. sain,. ..on.lition oxists i„ y,..,nM „. ,..„„„«, 
 tanf.., th.. ,.oM,n ,ly tanilmay 1... ,.,.s,.i„,l..,| at th.- ,lis..n.tion of tl,.. nulwav 1 t , . 
 
 ch.ss rat.. h,tlM.rt,M.x,stn.. ,nav a^ain iK.enfon-...! «itl,..„ta,n- M,,,Ui,.ati,.M ,,^t^^Sj^^^^ 
 
 of th.. ,nt..„fon t,. n,ak.. su.h ..ha,,,... It has a.lso s tinu-s ,„.,.,„.,.,.,| that t! • n./l ' k 
 
 of„ot,h..a,o„ aslupp..,l,asshi,,,..,| his ,o.-|s a, th.. ..stahlish,..l ..,ass ,a .m ..'h 
 
 th..s.. .o.„|s ha, U;-n tak..„ o„t of th.. .lass ,at..s a.„l pla.-.-l i„ a .-o,,, Ii, • ,. 
 
 A pa.t„..,lar ..xa.npl.. of th.- ..tti...t of ..ha,,:;,.s i„ .■at..s is f„n,ish..l inn. 
 w.th tl... ,,n..,st>..n of th.. -lifV,.,-..,,.... l„.tw...n si n.-ran-l «i„t..r rat s th 
 
 :-oiiii.'<li.!ii 
 iitt.T Irf-iii. 
 
 . n a h„.h ... s,s I ,.. .h,np..,..s ..o„,p|ai„ that th,. wi„t...- ,at..s a.v fro.n ■'.,.. ..;":. 
 2.. p..r .•..,„ .,«!,..,■ than th.. su„,n,..r rat.-s. Th..,v is n,. rul.. a-, to notili..„tion , ,| 
 tun., wh.'ii th.. wiiit.T int.. ,r,„.s ;.,.,. f -IM • . .■ , . . " '"» '"'"I ," III.. 
 
 tin... «h..M th.. Nvint.T rat.. .;.».s int., for...-. Tli.-r.. is no tix..l nil., in r...'a.<l t,, tl„. tin". 
 «h..n sunnn..r rat..s ar- t., !«. ,-..pla,.,.d l.v winfr rat..s. S„...ial '..;..! 7 
 
 "t tha u.ai !h.. railway p.,s,t,on may 1h. l,ri..tlv sun ,ri/..,|. Th.. wint.-r rat..s 
 
 nonnallv .,, ,nto for.... .iln-nt th.- l.^th Novon.U.r an.l ....as.. alH.,„ , il " \ V Ii . 
 .Nov..n,U.r l.th ,s tak.-n as tl... .lat.. ..f th,. U.^innin. of th..se rates 't!,,' a.-t-.a! ■' . ' • 
 
 .l.-p.iiiis •ip.in th.- .,,i„iil,.,n ,.r navigation. Th.- r..pr.-s..ntativ.. .,f f .1. i 
 
 sta,,.s that th.. au..nts ..f his ,panv ar.. instrn,-,e.l ^o ;^ ,.:;,, .;:",>? 
 
 Wm 
 
66 
 
 flAII.WArs AXD CAXAf.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 "ivc tlif same imticf as rciiuiidl iiiwlri' intcistatc (•ipiiiiiirroo icijulatiniis. Itiil sninrtiiiii's 
 on ai-ciJiiiit iitdc'lavs in printing; a mitici', a (»-ii(Kl .if iu> l(ini,'iT tliaii ^i\ m- s,\.'m days is 
 i;iM'n. 
 
 Anutliir I'liasc ni tlic <i)nti-iMTsv wilii ittVitiicf to tlif cnt'i'iii'nicnt nf tin' winter 
 rati' is ciincirncd witii tin' ifas<ins ailxanciil tm- lliv lii^'iicr ral.' liasis in tin- wint.i- time. 
 Till' sliipiifrs cunsiilcr that tlic clitVcrcMici l)"t'\ci'ri sunnuci- ami « inter lati-s slimilcl !»■ 
 (lunr awiiv witli. In earlii'r ilays wlicri tlicre \\f\v no aiipliaiiccs t'oi- disjiosin^; of snow 
 tliero was a reason for a dilVeri'nee [m rates. Sinietinies after tlii' winter rates are 
 eiiforeed tliere is no snow for a eoiij If oi niotitlis. It is eon>idiTed tliat if winter rates 
 lii\e to Ix' enforeed l»'eailse of the in- leased i ost of operation diirin;; thi' winter niontlis, 
 tlieii tiie lailwavs would !)<■ snllieie-il Iv M-eoTnj.ensed if the hivthi^r rati's wen' ehai',:.">d 
 dinin;; the jieriod from .laniiary to ,\iaieh. 'I'lii' answer of the railways to this position 
 shows that the ini'reased cost of nio\enient clurilii.' the winter time is regarded as liavin;,' a 
 \erv sliiiht iriliienee on rales. 'I'lii' ;.'ist of their )nisition is the reason for tlii' hi;;hei' 
 Ui.sis of rates in winter is the ahseiiee of eompetitioii. it is true that it i- more e .pen 
 
 ,si\e to hanilli' ti'atlie in winter, hut tiie j,'reat point is water i petilmn. 
 
 'I'lie railway position i^ that thi' smnmer rates iire liased on St. Lawrence Itivei-. 
 I,aki' Onlaiie ail 1 Lake Kiie water eompetition. the diri'et Ixiat line lates ri'Ltnlatin'.' the 
 ma.vimMin which all lail lines can c)iar::e cinriiru the summer months, 'i'ln' rates >o 
 forced upon the lailwavs are freipiently not reinunerati\e, hut lliey \m\o to a<'ce|.t tlieni 
 fia- the time lH'in,u, or jfo out of Imsini'ss, which they cannot alVord to do. The liasis of 
 .summer rates is I'xteinled to many interior iii.inufacturinL; jioints, thus iiivinj.' tiu'iii 
 also the tieiielit of water competition. 
 
 The u'cneral ar^'ument eoncernin;,' tlie reiiulati\e policy ad\ isalile in connecti,'n with 
 the (|Uestion of changes in rates may Im' ileveloped from this p.irticular case. '>' t'"' 
 reason for the advance in winter is Insed on Wiiter eompetitioii, it is a question of fact, 
 whether ail of the •,'oods all'ected were, duriiif.' the summci-. .i oved to any appreriahle 
 extent 1)V water. The railway may. as to certain trallie, so lower its rates durilif,' the 
 summer time, as to pieveiit tlie water carrier liein;; an etrectiM' competitor. A i|iii'stioii 
 of t'a<t would, under sucli conditions. ha\e to he determined before the ;,'enerul increase 
 on all lines wmild 1h' justifiiil. If the matter depends upon the increased cost of move 
 ment in winter this jaits the matter on a dilVerent luisis. As sihiii as the proportionate 
 ditl'erencein cost of movement was estahlislied to the satisfaction of the rejiulitiM' body, a 
 pi.iportionate increase of rate would he .jiistitied. 
 
 It is in the interest of the pulilie that all changes in rates should hi' made sulijiit 
 to a delinite reipiiremeiit as to notice. When the power to <'lian;,'e rates is left in the 
 iintramnieled and arl..,rary discretion of the railway it opens the d<Kir for abuses. 
 
 Xr. THUOl'CH RATHS. 
 
 OitHculties ha\e arisen witli reference to tliroutrh rates from a point on one ne of 
 railway to a jioint on aiiothei- line of railway. In shipiiieiits out of m.ichinery and fur- 
 niture from Stratford to certain local points on the Canadian l*aeilic east of Toronto 
 the shi]inien' have had to pay the sum of the liK'als. A com|ilaiMt was presented stat- 
 in;; that tin rates on lumber from Winnipc^'osis, on the Canadian Noitliern. to imints 
 oirthe Canadian I'acilic west of (Uadstono and l'i)rtaf;e la Prairie had U'cn increased as 
 follows : - 
 
 Portage la Prairie to Sidney Advance of (ie. )ier 100 lbs. 
 
 " Carherry " •!<•■ 
 
 (ilailstone to Oirdeii " -*<•• " 
 
 " Shoal Lake " "Ac. 
 
 When this matter was hroujiht to the iktteiition of the Canadian Northern and an 
 explanation asked loi, il was stated that the advance of rates cc.mpialniil of liad taken 
 phice : hut that this was attrihutalile to the cancellation by the Canadian Pacific of the 
 thron.di rate arraiiiiemeiits hitherto existing. Joint circular C. P. I{. No. I UtO. issued 
 
 ^^^w^'mm^. 
 
RMPORT OX KA II fVA y COM.V/SSIf,XS j, 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 r "i,r, rv.' "','"';,"v;!- "■■"""'■" '•'■■'"■ ""ii-r <■ ...:.; 
 
 TImt.. sliuiil.i \h' iv-MlMtin„Mri,| ..rnvt i vr .-otit i-.>l , ,f all nmtt.Ts n.|-,t;.„. , ;, , 
 '■" "M,. rail^.v ,„ a ,«,i„, .,„ anotl,-,- ,a,l«a.v. ' ' ' '""" ^' ' ' 
 
 Ml. l!.\Ti:s TO TIIK NoKTii \\ |.;sT. 
 
 r..m|.la,Mt IS i„a.|.. I,v t|„. tV„j, ,1,1 ,,, „,■ „,.,,„,„ ^ 
 
 i'u^Ti- ""ir' ""'T'""- '■ '■"' '"'"'■'""" '^ -"'« '•— ..mi,,./, .;::' y 
 
 trm > tak,,,^' ,l,ll,.n.,i, HasM.s a... i,„.|,„|,..| i„ ,1„. sa,„.. .a,-, th.. .a, I,,: t f.L. ,1 . 
 
 "t .1... !„^'Im.M ..|a>s. It is sl„.«„ i„ ...i,|..,„.,. ,l,a, ,|,.. f „i 1 i „ :' „ ' "'" T"" 
 
 ('Mtano t,. ,1,.. N,„tl, w,.s, an. i„ ,l„. ,l..v..|„,,„...,., sta,... H sif ' ,!"":;,,:"f "i;' 
 
 . .a,-^.s ,,,. tl„M,,,M..l ..a,.tl,. ,a„.„f ,l„. |,i.l„.st -la..,.,! a,-,i..|,. i„ .!„. .a,., k , 1 ,' 
 
 tl,r .liivt tia.l,. l„.tw,.,.„ «,.st..,>, ()„ta,i,, a,„i N.atli-w.sl,.,-,. „„i„ts ,., ,1,. , 1 
 n.„t,-..^ ^"'•1' '^•'■'"■"'^--^^■■''>M"'^a,,,|lha,>.lo,,c.a,.ta str^^ 
 Imt' ot tiuit, a,i, c isiM,>,. ,,t t iciij tci aiivinti.r,. 1,1,.,,. . i i"l-ot .mi. 
 
 .l-.n.|f.......a..l,., .f asi„,lo li„.. .,f f,.,.it. Tl... .....„|, ll a ' • n S^' ■ 
 
 .■xi«.ii..n,...,! in,„ak,i,j.-fniit sl,ii,„„.Mts u..st,.f I'.iaml.m. ~ "I'H. ult> is 
 
 I he piacti... foll.fW.Ki liv til.' ,ailwav is in •ii.|-,ii-i]-i>,i... v. Id ., ■ 
 
 "■ ^•'" ""'-'' '■iassiii,.a,i„n. " It ..,„st a, ^i,!. "u;:'; ""■ ; ziX'';!,:/'''''''^' 
 ;:;i:r"" '""•'■^•""> .t..-oH....iai.,..,.a,..i„„ ;:;:;,;l;:^;;!,/;';:::;::;;:; 
 
 In tl,..ii„..,.,.st „td..v,.|..,,i„. ih.. tPa.i.. s •...u-...s.si.msl,.,ul,llH. ma.l.. If „ «,.,-.. 
 
 .■.I..«... t....anva.arl.„.,t,„,x,.,l tVuils. ,h, ,.aN.„ rat,. ,„, ,.a..|, ,.,.„„„k| tV 1, ,'n 
 .•harj;...! ,„st..a,i ..t. as at lavs.-nt. -hai-ini; tl,,' ,at.. .,f tl„. I,i.'l,..s, ,.| "'"""•"'>'"•'"« 
 
 ail .1..-, the .x,a„si.,„ uL tl,- ...u-u. .^iinti-v .,f .h.'In.u^' . 7 .,:;:;:;":"'' H r 
 
 t«.-il.tat,..l. It has t., Ih. n.,.,.i;„iA.,| that i„ th.' .-..uiitiv ■„•,,,, '"""" """I'l U- 
 
 that th,. fruit .,t til,. ,.,f, *• \\- 1- ' . "'> """""""^'-">». "'"than, «,.st. 
 
 Ilia, ,11, I'liiT .>t tl,.. .tat,. ..t \\ ashi,,^'tii|i IS II htaiiiii,.' a f,Kitli,,lil T). . 
 
 !;;:;;l.-"'" -■" • - ' -•'•-'• ^ ^ ••■•■ ..us- ,r !::";i,., ;!;:;„:;;;::;-- ;;;:: 
 
 Th,. .■,ii,....ssi,i,i ,„.f;,.,l w,,„],i ,„,t i„, >,„ ,.„„t,.a,v t.i th.. a.-....i,t,.,i 11, ,i . f ,1 •, 
 
 wayast., K. i-lass...! ,.s aihit.aiy. UVstl,,,,,,,,! S,„...ial F :J SV p N ' v' 
 .■tl,.,fv,. iM.lauary |.-,tl,, li.Od, ..„„tains tl„. tojliiwi,;;, imivisi,.,, . ' ^^ ■^"- ■"'■■ 
 
 •(.,•. I,-.. 11..S ,lass,..| .,th ilassaii.l .lii,.,l fiuit .lasso,! Itl, ,lass i„ c. r i ■ 
 iMvj.ht Classili|.ati„i,, wl,,.,-,. .hi,,,i,.,| i„ ,„i,,,, ea,.|,ia,|s vi 1 ,ak ■ C '',•;;;"'"'"'",■'"'■" 
 ....Hlity at a.tual uvi^ht. s„l,j,.,.t' !.| „,i„i„„„„ ,,„i.,,t ,f V 'J ^^'^J'. '"f-^;" -J'l' '-m 
 h. loss than L'4,.).m poun.ls, .hi.l fn.i, w,ll 1„. ..|,,:...,.,| ,,„ i, ^s "o' ,t " , ""'."''l 
 
 :;;:$:-■ -^ ^^•' •"'- ^- '•'-^'"'•■- -^ -^^-'t ~. t^ ,;:,ko ,ii: f,.;r;::;,;;;i::;;;: 
 
 The li<;htor tratlic to th,. Noi.thwi.st pm-liiilos th,- a,..-,.|ifin..,.nf ,1 . . . , 
 
 ih.:::i::~";:n^t^;^5;:;;;:;-i;t:^,;:.^;^,l;T^ 
 
 ..,.. average to ..„e thin, .if the ....i,i,., ' ...ist ..f th,. .-ir •"rrS^a::";?;;:":^ ll^' 
 
KAif.w.t ys Axn cAswr.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 tiim lit' rtimi- milN in tin- wrst, inH'lliinl of tlit- ("st of tlif coniiilclril mill i^ if|in'sciiti'il 
 1>V frciiilit clmrjics. Tlic fici^tlit rliiiri."' on soap from Toi-oiito to Kilmontoii Itli i-Iush 
 lit ■■<J.ii7 -is •■*l.t',.'i f<ir nil SO |iouri(l Imix. 'I'Iu- scliini; piici' is s.l.t;.' |»'i' Iki\. 'riicfiiMulit 
 tiii'ifforc amounts to U |mm- cent of tin- value of tlic u'oo'l'^. I" tlic casi' of soap ship 
 mi'iits fniu Toronto to Kamlo. , - tlic rate is si!. Ill, this i.'i\''s a frci'.'lit cliar;.'!' of s|.<i| 
 or ncarlv "Hi [K-r crnt of tin' \aluc of tlio i.'o'"!''- 
 
 As has Uh'M stated it c-aniiot lie expi'eteil that the rates in the West will, for some 
 time, Ik' on ideiitieally the sami> Uisis as those in the Kjist. liut some eoiiiparisoiis ,,f 
 rates thi-ow lii.'ht on the nature of the chart's. For example tli.> 1th class rate from 
 Toronto to KamliHips, a cjislanci' of L',T7ll miles, is slMU. from Toronto to Halifax, a 
 distance of 1, 1 7(» miles, the rate is .') Ic. That is while the distance to Kaniloops is a little 
 less than -Jl, times as meat, the rate is .i;, times as ^'leat. in vir'w of the fact that the 
 railway has the a(Uantaf,'e of tlie Ion;; haul thron!.'hoiit. the ilispin]iortion wmilil apjiear 
 to Ih- tiHi yreat. The rati's into tlie Nolih «est as they at presiiit exist, interfere with 
 the ex)iansion c)f the tradi of Kastern Canada in the North west. 
 
 A complaint which is itaininl in tlu' statement of the WinnipcL' lioard of '!"rade 
 
 \lz., that the I'aiiadiaii I'acitic discriminates at Koit William a^'ainst indi'jM'ndi'iit lake 
 
 carriers, is one <if lonj; staniiiiif;. The followins; extract from tliei iiilaint imlicnti's tlu' 
 
 nature of the j;rie\aiice complained of : — 
 
 •The (ioM-rnment of the Dominion i>f Canada has made the enlargement of our 
 iiinals and the di'e|><'nin^' of the main water ways a settled iiolicy, this policy having' for 
 its ohject the cli<'a]H'ninj.' of transportation, with a view to the iH-neht of the whole 
 IH'oiile. liut the Canadian Pacilic Hallway for some years in defiance of Canailian 
 puhlic jiolicy has enforce<l and is at present enforciie,' a system of discrimination hy 
 exaetinj.' an increased char^'e for freight on ^'(kkIs coiisi^'ned to Winnipeg and other 
 l.oints in ManitoUi wiien delivered to it at Fort William liv other than certain 
 f»ivorp<l lines of Ixiats. This discrimination, as practise<l, teiiils to i-estrict the amount 
 of vessel tonnajie eoinin;f to Fort William from Pjistern Canada, and b'sides preveiitin;: 
 coni}>»"t!tion in rates on the Great Ijikes in westlxmiid fn'i;;ht. restricts the aiiiount of 
 \«'.ss«-l tonna;.'e ea.stlxiund avilahle for v'riiin and other priHluce, and Mierehy elleets the 
 \alue of the same in tin- farmers' hands. This Board has on several cK-casions protest.-d 
 a;.'ftinst such <liseriniination. The following rates actually in force are ^'iveii to illustiate 
 this injustice : — 
 
 H.\TK — KOHT Wir.M.XM TO WINNIHKIi. 
 
 Freight /mill /itvored liiivD. 
 Class. 
 
 l.-^t. 
 
 2nd. 3r<l. 
 
 4th. 
 
 r.th. 
 
 '.>:{ cents. 
 
 79 cents. li.") cents. 
 
 50 cents. 
 
 47 cent.H. 
 
 
 Fniyht j'liim milside 
 
 limn. 
 
 
 
 Class. 
 
 
 
 1-t. 
 
 •Jiicl. 3r(l. 
 
 4th. 
 
 .-.th. 
 
 .■<1 If. 
 
 US ,-,-nts. S(l cents. 
 
 (is cents. 
 
 •")7 cents. 
 
 The history of this condition l^k-s Ixick to lS9(i. It was in the spring' of this year 
 that this [Hilicy which amounts to putting' on the liK'al rates from Fort William to 
 Wiiini|H'i.' on all shipment.s received from in<le)H'ndent lines, was enforced, l']) to and 
 iiicludin;: the season of IS'.t.'i no such distinction was maile. 
 
 In a letter written on AFay 4, ISDC), hy Sir William Van Horne to .Mr. K. H. Osier. 
 President of the Hoan I of Trade, Toronto, the t4'xt of this letter will 1m' found in tin 
 annual re|Hprt of ihi- W onhik-l; hoaid ol Trade foi I'i'i, j.p. 44—4;), the fi)ilow-in_ 
 explanatiiai of this condition is ^iven : •! find that takiii}; advantage of the specia 
 lates which prevailed from Fort William aiid Dululh \'< Winnip<'H for lake business 
 
 rnm 
 
 ^•Bffm 
 
imroiiT o.v /,'.!//. [iM )• t'o.v.vissioxs M 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 ciiitiili- .mil liiiiiip iHiat- liii\.> t'ni till' |«i^t tVw viMir- >.p lunlly cut iiit.i iIm' Ini^im-s 
 that tlic ir;,'iilai- lines liH\r imi ^niliiii.m liu-irn^^ lift to ^ii|.|i..it tlii'iii, iiihI it lia^ 
 IxMiiini' a i|iii->liiiii ipf |.intr,tii;^' till' ii-iiliM liii,.> iiiiinitiy in .■oiiniTlinri «itli tin- 
 Caiwiilian I'arilii- anil (lininj 'I'lutik m allnwiim tin iv^'iiiai- linis IimIimii nut. ifaxiin; t!if 
 
 liMsiiirss til thf tfaiiip IkuiI^ ami tu c haiiif. it ^limilil In- p.- uiIh'M'iI tiial tlir |r-ulai- 
 
 Ittiats lia\i' ti. start at tin' U'-iuuiML' "f tin- v,.,i-i.m. ami iiiakr iVi^MJaf ti i|is tliiiMH.'li"Ut 
 llic si'asdii «itlii.ut ifiraril to till' iips anil .Im«ii~ ,,t tin- li.-illir. ( 'ipns.iiui'ntiv. lor a 
 i-.prisii|cialp|i' part ot' I'arli siuisipm tin- Ipoats aiv run al a los.. anil if tlii' tniiu|i Upat- ;uv 
 
 iill""!''! t PUii at ti s wlii'n IpUsin.'ss is i;,p,p,| ami niaki- sii.li ratios as tlii-\ plrasi'. .iml 
 
 taki' ihf liiisini'ss away from tlir n-uul.ir liin's, anv lpusiti..ss man sli.piilil nailiK -,.,. « hat 
 till' rlVirt must Ipf. Till' iiiilways iiilrri'sti'ii Ii.im- fopinil it m-r.ssiirv to taki' tin- artion 
 romplaiiii'il of Ipy llu' \\'iiini|p.'^ I'poaril of 'I'laili'. in ipnli-i- tpi ki«-|i tlirii collar linrs ^'oiii',', 
 anil wi' U'lii'Vf tliis to lir in tin- |inli|ii- inl first . as vm'II as in tln' inti'ri'sl of tjii- lailw.ivs." 
 'I'lii' |pipsiiiipn laki'n Ipy ihr ( 'anailian I'aritii- in r.'Iputtal ipf tli.' inmpl.iint a^'.-iinst it. 
 ilurinir till' riTi'iit ili\fsl illation, is in siil.stami' as follows : 
 
 1. Till- rliariii' that tln^rr is ilisiiim in.it ion is i'IIoiiimpus. 'I'ln- ( aiiailiaii I'aiilii- ;iml 
 till' 'ir.iml 'rrunk l!ailv,ays piilplisji i-..|taiii ihrouiiii ratrs from Kast.rn t'anaila lop.jnits 
 ill .M.iiiitolpa anil tin' North \-ist. «iii,-l! .illow tin- steamship lini's up to l'"iprt William, 
 «liip rhari;r ihi' rstalilisjicil r.ilcs. a fair liasis of i|i\isiotis. Thrsf steamship linrs aii> 
 m:iinlaini'il al larLii' lApnisi- f,ip- iho purpose of 'jixiiii;- Manitolja ami the North west a 
 prompt ami satisfaetory r.ile s,.|\ii-,.. whii'lj is eeriainly to tin' interest of the \\ .■-tern 
 mereliant. 
 
 L'. I'.iinplaint that the aetion of the cipiiipany restriets the amiiunt of \essel tonnaL;e 
 eastrpounil aiailalile for ^'rain aiul other pnMluie is im-orreet. The vessels that v'o to |-"ipit 
 \\ ilham leipiire j.'iain eiiiiro. anil wliat little westlpouml meri-hamlise thev miu'ht hriii!,' 
 woiililnot in any «ay alleet the situation. The lar;;i> earu'ip earriers M,,i,,j_, (,1 Fort William 
 u ill not e,irry nierehamlise. as the ilelay in hamlliiiu' that elass ipf freight woulii more 
 than otVset there\eiMie reeii\eil. These M'ssels are vinin earriei s onlv. in.inv of them 
 Anieriean hottoins. tthieh cannot larry freiiiht from Kastei n ( 'aiiaila to Fort W illi.im, 
 ami woulil not ilesire or care for «liat little menhainlise iniLrht \h- a\ailalple. 
 
 '■>. .*<tateiuent that this ai ran;,'ement |ireM-nts i-ompetilioii in rates on wi'stlioiiiul 
 1,'ooils is ineoireet. The airaiiLreiiient as to rales v i.i Fort William, while it insures 
 staliility of rates anil promipt ami ellirient s,)r\ ire. iloes not eost the .Maiiitolp.i merchant 
 
 once cent extra ami iIih^s not ileliar a sili^ile vessel fi yoiiii; to Fort William. .\s a 
 
 matter of fact, the rates on the Ixisis of ••s'Mti liist class, which are nientioneil, h.i\enot 
 lieeii charceil on a sin;;le poumi of freiitht from Fort William for si.veial yiars. 
 
 The practice coinplaineil of is also inaile lis ■ (pf hy the (Jianil Trunk on shipnients 
 
 \ ia Owen Sipunil to Saiilt Ste. Marie, Shij nls fr.pin hpc.il poinis \ i,-i Owen ."^oiinii are 
 
 not ;;i\( n a throUiili rate when they are to 1k' carrieil hy imle|ienilent lines, Thev are 
 charu'i'il the loe.il rate to Owen Sounil, 
 
 The lipwi'st late, .is estahlisheil in exiilence, ipipiteii liy imlepcmient lake carriers ti> 
 Fort William is I ."i cents. This iloes not, howiner, estahlish a grievance. < )n sliipm -nts 
 from Fort Willi.im to Winnipeg,' the local r.ite of ,'i|,|f'p lirst class is charueil, when these 
 are l)ripiii,'ht to Fort \\ illiam Uv imlepenileiit carriers. When the rale of \'> cents is 
 cliaiijeil to FiPit William it would 1h' availalilc to points in A\ .•.stern Ontario which are 
 toncheil hy water coinpeliti'in. ( >ii this hasis their i;o.p(|s eoulil lie placeil in Winnipeir 
 at •-'l,.'!l first class, TIm' like an.! rail rate lirst clas.s to Minnipei; is .s;|,4.'!, .\s lipny 
 then as the estahlisheil thripu;;h lake anil rail rate is maintaineil, anil the local .ales from 
 Fort William are retaineil uiiehaiii,'eil, then any cut in lake rates whiih wouM hrin;; the 
 joint rati' lielow .^l.l.'} woulil 1m' open to the Winnipej.' merchants, Ir cannot 1h' ;iri.'iieil 
 that the lake iiml rail rates shoulil 1k' cliaiifjcil to meet every chaniie in the lake rate. 
 This Would In' justiliahle if the lake rates themselves, as distinct from the lake and rail 
 rates, were suhject to the rcLrul.ition of Parliament. Hut as the law stands, this is not 
 the case. If the lake and rail rate had to ada]it itself to e\erv chan;,'e in the lake rate, 
 it would upset the reifiilative pioeess and interferi' with staliilitv of rates At the s;iuw 
 time it iiiuvt 'r' renieniliered that while a cut nil lake rates, which nii^lit 1h> of sliort 
 duration, would nut serve as a reason for the iininediatf reduction uf the lake and rail 
 
70 
 
 HMI.WA YS AND CAy.l/.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 
 rates, yi'l II c'liiitiriiii'il lnw lm>.is .if' lake iatt'> woiilij !«' mii' D'asmi. wliirli, uihIit tlif 
 pMHiTs i.'ivcii by the Hailway Act to iviiiiluti- t'ri'ii;|it s|ii|nii(.iitH caiiii-d nn a tliimnili 
 rati' partly liy rail ami partly l)y wat.'r. «(nilil li'aij t" a ri'visiim ot' tlir tliiiaiuli rat.-. 
 Ill cliiiii!.' tliU all tlic ciriiiiiistaiicis nf tlii' rasr wcailil Iium' to Im" ciinsiilrri'il. 
 
 Mil CO^rPLAFNTS IN COXNKCTION Willi 11! ANSCt )NTI NKNTAI, 
 
 TltAFFIC. 
 
 fn till' iiici\(>iiii'iit lit' tratlii' fnnii castirii Canada or troiii Kiiro|H'to Uritisli t'oiiimliia 
 
 till- iiilluciK f <K'faii transportation as well as of tlie alt<rnatiM' serxice oIHtccI I)V tlio 
 
 Aniirican railway enters. Itotli of these faetors are iiifieil as reasons fur some appar 
 eiitly aiionialoiis eonilitioiis wliieli exist in <(iniieelioii with this tiJitlie, 
 
 The coniplaints which wen- jneseiiti'il iiiiiler this lieadiiii; are of twn classes, (.>. ) 
 the ijiiestion o*' the i-ites char;;e(| to interioi points as coiii|iaieil w ith tiie rates to the 
 I'acilli' t'oast, (//. ) lii;.'liei "liar;,'es on -.'ikkIs to Mritisli ('ohiinliia coast points than to 
 ailjaceiit I'niteil States jKiints. 
 
 liATI'.S TO IllilTISII COM \||:|\ |NTl;iilol! I'olNTS. 
 
 The siiKstance of the loinplaint iiiaile hy the interior tow lis in British Coluinliia is 
 that on the slii|iiiieiits of ifuods they receive from the east the rate to the interior jioiiit 
 is made up of the rate to the coast iiliis the local rate liack to the interior point. The 
 Com|ilaint with reference to the existini: rate ariun;.'enieiit on transcuntinental tniHie is 
 stroiiiily iiiLred by the town of Kainlooiis. The position oiiupied liv Kanil(H>ps is aNo 
 that of other interiiir towns. 
 
 A nuotation from the explanatory statoment sulmitted in relmttal liy the Canadian 
 Pai'itic' will serve to indicate the railway position with reference to the Vm.sis of the 
 existinj; rate urran^einent. • The basis of rates from the east to the coast is lower than the 
 l>a>is to Kainloops, from the fact that coast rates are Imsed on water coni]H't'tion via the 
 [stiiii is or Ca|)e Horn from the eastern .sealwuird. ff tlie Canadian I'acilic i.ere to with 
 draw .rom the ci«ist trade Kaniloo))s would, in no wav, lie 'leiietittcd, but in fact sutler 
 a distinct loss by the reason of the impossibility of maintaining' as satisfactorv and elh 
 cient service if bilKirre(| from the haula;,'e of thoiii;li traf; 
 
 Tlu' taritl' of the Transcontinental Kreii^lit Hiireaii, ariivi'd at bv airi' enieiit of the 
 railways concermil in the nio\emeiit of transcontinental tratlic contains the neniial 
 reiruii tioiis with reference to thiss|iecies of trallic. It ilistiiijiuishes U'twit-ii •terminal ' 
 and ■ intermediate ' points. The latter are delined as points located on roads mentioned 
 in the tarilV, and on the direct line over which iratlic passes in reacliini; aiiv of tin- 
 'terminal' points indicatid in the taritV. The followinj,' extract from the tarill' indi- 
 cates the arranpineiit whereby the rate Ixisis to the interiiuHliate points is obtaiiic!' 
 
 ' \\ hen the " terminal class or " ti-rminal " comniodit v rates plus the lo<al rates 
 
 from the nearest •■ Facilic CVwist Terminal ' are less than the •' intermtKliate " class or 
 
 " intermeiliate ' eomnuKlit • rates the sum of the " terminal ' class or •'terminal '' 
 
 commodity rates and the local -ates from the nearest •• I'acilic Coast Terniinal " will 
 jjovern as the throuj,di rcce. ' (Sf-.M. C. C., N<i. Uu', No. 1 i)., etVective .ranui'.i IS, 
 19(1(1. p. I.) 
 
 The jNisition of the merchants oi' Kainloops is in substtince that it is unjust to chaiiie 
 a hijihir r.ite to this shorter distance point than to Vancouver, as was stated in evidence, 
 KamliMips do»'s not want to pay more than X'ancouver. It would lie perfectly willing 
 to pay as much but not more. The complaint was put on the ground that it was a simjile 
 demand fia- justice in a bu.siness like wav. 
 
 It will !>, noticed, under tiie rulin.i,' <|Uol<-d fiuni ,e taiill, that as legards part of 
 the rate the ' intermediate ' point obtains the advantage of the coast rate to meet ocean 
 competition. < )cean competition is efi'ective i <u many lines of shipments to the coost and 
 
 %>. 
 
 ^S^S^B^^^^ 
 
 rsm 
 
nEronr <is am//, ir.i y coMMis^tnxs 71 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 if tlif niilwiiy i-i t<« olitaiii liatlii- tin- inws li\i<l li\ mfaii iiiiiifi> «ill Ij.im- In '«■ nut. 
 Tin' liiilwav will liiiNi' til iir(i|it nii tlli'sc ;;imhK iiili'.s -n low tliiit tiu'V \niiilil lint yiilij ii 
 -nUiciciil |i|iilit it' a]i|>lii'i| uti mII tlic liii^iiir^-* ut' tin' iiiilwiiy. It i^ iiliy^iriilly iiii|"iN-il)|i' 
 til icniiliitf the iJiti'M lit' tlic iHcaii ritliici-. Tu iii|iiili' the iail« ay^ ti i maiiilaili latrs 
 |i|Vi|Hiitiiilii'il til ilislaiiii' nil iiia>t »lii|iiiiflit>, uliiii- tlii'^f liavc tu \»' lakih in riiiii|iiti 
 tiiili «itli iirraii rairiii-^, rtmilil iiii'aii tlial llif railway mhiiM In- nit nut •<( {\ir tialllr 
 flitirrly. 
 
 'I'lir run tent 11)11 nt' l\aiiiliHi|is that it slmiilii in u'l'in'ial nlilain lln' -aiiif IimI nt iati'»ai 
 i-. ;:ranlfil tn ^lla^l |inint.-« is lint »ii»taiiii'il. \\'li> if tliiTi' i.-. an iiitiri' ilis^nnilaiity nt' lii 
 iiini-laiiics till' ilillfiriicc in rates lannot lie mn-truiil a- a ilisiiiniiniilinn. 
 
 Hill «liili'in ;.'i'niTnl tlic rail's tn tl mist ari' alVi'iti'il liy wati'r ciiniiiititinii, it 
 
 •I 's lint t'nilnw that it a|i;ilii'snn all liiirs nf slii|iiiiriits Tin' larill'tnii tiaiisinniiinntal 
 sliipnii'iits ail' liasiil mi tlii' assiniii'ii n]ii'ratiiiii nt' mraii iniiipititiiin in ii'uanl tn all liiii's 
 nt' slii|>iiii'n|s. It is ailiiiitlril liv I III' < 'aiiailiaii I'arilir tlial tlii'i'i' aii' iin <lniilii many 
 rases whire >lii|i|>ers wniijil lint seiiil liv water nn matter what the water ralis wire. It 
 is cniitelHli'il, hnwever, that in iiiakiiiL.' ii|ithe tai ill' these ennilit miis lanimt 1b- lakin 
 intii eiiilsiileratiiili. There has tn lie a [iiiblie tarill iiiaile ii|v mi the Imsi- tii water rnni 
 |ietitiiiii. It is mliiiitteil that in iiiany cases nn aieniinl nt' time, ..|ii|i|.ii^ iln nni riinw 
 the ;;i>(mIs liv water. 
 
 Ill the ease nt' the shijina-iits liv water, there is the ijiiestinn nt' the lime Liken ii,i in 
 the tnitis|iiirtatinM, anil the interest mi the ia|iital Inekeil ii|i in the shi|imeiits. as well 
 as the enst nt' iiisiiranee. -Ml these teiiil nil eertaili lines tn ;.'i\i' the railways an acUan 
 ta;,'!' in eiimpetitinn. I shimlil at the same time ineiitinn that I am iiitmineil !iv the 
 lailwavs ihat at times the neean t'reiiihts .'ire mi sn Inw a le\i'l as tn warrant the ^lii|i|>er 
 seiiilini; the ^'imkIs earlier, sn as tn take aiKantiifi- nt' the neean rale. The ( 'aiiailiali 
 I'aeilie has tn t'aee this in emineetinii with the iiiiestinii nt' eertain shipments t'rnm the 
 Kiistern States tn China. While it ta ' a Imi^'er time tn ship by w,iy nt' tin- Siir/ 
 Canal, the Inwir neean freiiihts attraet ;;nn<ls that way. While I reeni.'ni/e the vahient' 
 this eniitetitinn I am nt' npini.iii that it is mainly mi the lar^'ir shipments thai time is a 
 iiinre neiilii.'ilile i{iiaiit ily. 
 
 'I'n 1 unite the ilecisinii nt' tl«' Interstate Cmmneiee Cnimnissimi in tin- .'<pnkane Kails 
 ease: The Merehalils' rnimint' Spnkane Falls r.«. N'mtherii I'aeilie Itailrnail Cnmpany 
 and ilie rnimi I'aeilie Railway I'miipany, there shniilil N', in niilir tn jiistit'y the rail- 
 way in (lisii'Ltarilini; l he element nt' ilistaiiee in lixiiii,' its rate tn the sialHiaiil. ' emnpeti- 
 tion nt eniitrnlliiii; t'nree. anil in lespn't tn tr.iilie impnrtaiit in ammint. nt' w ater earriers 
 reaehiiiL; the same terminals. ( 'misiileralimi shmilil alsn U- <le\ntei| tn the iiuestinli 
 whether the railway lias liy its nw ii ael • ill nil' the ellieieiiey nt water ininpetitinii. 
 
 W'lieie the water vnm|ietitinn is lint nt ■enntrnlliiii; t'nree anil in respeet tn trallie 
 impmlant in ammint.' nr where ihe railway hy its nw n aet m- liy its snpi'i-inr taeilities 
 has ]vreihli|eil the elleeti\e rniii]n'titinn nt' the water earrier. there iv nn just iliiatinii t'nr 
 ilisie:.'aiilin;; the elemeii; ntilistanee in lietermiiiiii!,' the rate. 
 
 There vet remains the 'piestinn n*' the ehai^ini.' nt the Ineal i.ile liaek In the ■ inter- 
 meiliate ' ]iniiit. It is s'.aleii in i\ iileiiie hy tls'' Canailiaii I'aeilie that the e.xteiit nt' 
 territiirv ea.stwanl, tn wliii-h the systems nt i h.-n j,'ini.' the rate In the enast plus the Ineal 
 Imek e.\tenils, terininates a Mint KamliHips. .Mr-. Itn^wnrth in his te^timmiy stated that 
 he had never know n the praetiee tn ipply easi nt' Kamlimps. The extent nt' the tiiritnry 
 depends nil Imw Inw tli' rale is t'i'nm ihe se.ilmard tn the interim- iKiints. It the rate 
 was very Inw tn the ii t-rinr it wnnld wmk hark further east. 
 
 Till' apjilieatinii nf till- tiill ineai Suiek tn llamlnnps makes a very heavy pressure nil 
 the j,'nnils. In mie iiistaiii e nii a >!iii'iiieiit nf earthenware tiie eiiar^es fi-niii Knjjlaiid 
 tn Vani-niuer wrre •"'■J-'i.til.', wliile frmii Vanei-uvei- tn KamliMips til 'V were -siiti.Si;. 
 
 ' ' nf npiiiinii that there shniiid, ill the rate tn Kaminnjis, hi- sniiie rediietinii frniii 
 tlie l\ ' eal rate. 
 
 e it is (-nntrarv tn the 11 '.nilatiniis in |-e;;aril tn the iiinveiiient nf transennti- 
 neiital !- tlie In ,-hai-i,'e a rate higher than the enast rate plus the liK-al, Kamlnnps has 
 in sdine instanees lieen eliari."d rates iii>:her tlian the rates tn the enast jihis the fate 
 Imek. I incliise in the apjiemlix tn tiie report, hills nf lading' emitainiii;' the |iartieuliirs. 
 
 H. 'U IJU 
 
7S 
 
 II Air. HAYS AX/> fAXAl.S 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII.. A. 1002 
 
 llh.llKI! I tl\ll<iK'< Til milTlsir (iil.l MlllA I'lllNTu IMAN Tn AIMSfKNT I MTKK oTATKS 
 
 I'lilMN. 
 
 I'liili'i' \\\r ri'milatiiiiis ,,i \\t>- Tiiiii-.iiiilini'nlal Kn>ii,'lit 'rurill' (|i. .'I) it is stiiliij tliiit 
 ' 'riiitlir ijistiiii'il til till' fi(llii«iii;i |Miints ill IliitiMJi ('ilniiiliiM, xi/., l.iiilni'i'N I jiinliiii.'. 
 Niitiiiiiiiii, Ni'w W'i'stiiiilixti'r, N'liiiriiiivrl' Mini Viilmiii, will l»' siilijicf tn the iiiti's 
 a|i|iliiiilili' tu S'littli', \\ 'a>liiiiutiiii. IIS |iriiv iiIihI in this taiilJ' |.|iis an ailiitiaiv nf "i criits 
 |KT liiiMijirij |Miiiiiils. Oliiisiiiiii is iiiailr til this anaiiLifiiii'iit im tlu' if'|"i"i' tli»t it 
 rii'ails an i'\tia fV<'ij,'lit rhaii;c of •''ir> mi a .lll.iKMi |iiiiinil lar. It is ^tatifl liv tlir 
 
 Caiiailiaii I'aiilir in ti'liilttal : ' Wi' siilimit (liifatt tlial tlif miIiiii 1' trallir to the 
 
 I'niti'il Statis I'arilh' ciuist |Miiiiis is mtv iiiiirli ;.'ii'atfr than tii Ihitish C'liluniliia roast 
 |>iiints, ami tin- inst ut' tians|ioitatiMn is innsiili'ialijy Itss nw iii;r t" tl»' tact that the 
 Aniciiran lines \m\f easirr u'laili's anil a Iiiwit ciist ut' ii|K'raf iny. 'I'lii- iii't ii'Vi'iiiic to 
 till' Caiiaili 111 I'Miilic mi tlif slij,'litly hiithfi- lati's t.i |!iiti»h t'liliinilua |"iiiits is innsiil.T 
 ahiy li'ss than tin' Ainriiraii mails icn'iM' mi tin luwcr lati's.' It is also stati'il that it 
 costs inoi'c to haul to Vaiiioiivcr than to Scalllr. 
 
 'I'lic ('aiiaijian I'acitic lias, a- to a niiiiihcr ot' articles iciiiomiI this arhitiarv. 'I'lu 
 t'ollowiii:,' talilc siiliiniiti'il hv the ( 'anadiaii I'icitii', roiii|iaies the rates on certain articles 
 to \'aneoii\er ami to Seallle : 
 
 MKMo. (oMMoDIIX IIXTIs, IMII.oM.s, 
 
 Ki'tin 
 H;(i.tini < ■.illiiilll tu 
 
 N'liii 
 
 feliwr. 
 
 S.-attlf. 
 
 Ftuii) C'hii-aun to 
 
 Va.,. 
 
 Scrtttlc. 
 
 IS«'aa* in Ikiks 70 
 
 CanllHl i;.«kIs 1 till 
 
 Stuo 11.') 
 
 Halter, f'(f^t^.<'lii'c*'\ ("Miltry, 
 
 |«iik. iniittcii 2 im 
 
 Ale, Uer ••uicl cider I 10 
 
 K\!ii«.niteil ap|i|iB 1 IW 
 
 Wlliskiy, ill vieocl .... Ik") 
 I It III. steel, nails, ))( irse ^Ih »•*. 
 
 , I'll"' <• TO 
 
 I!i-ouit», luiifectionny 1 Hi) 
 
 70 llier , 1 lit) 
 
 1 IK) r. II. I'r.Klaev 17" 
 
 1 'J'< lilltl.T. elllts, llievse ? (XI 
 
 .A|.|.|esani|ci.Ur 1 30 
 
 •J l.i Kie.-li Fniits 1 r>5 
 
 111 .MiiMT.il water .V) 
 
 13 H. II. (J.kkIs 1 lii 
 
 Kuniitiire I 'Ja* 
 
 ('.nils II .Si I 
 
 Oils 7H.^ 
 
 I no 
 
 I 70 
 
 •_> tKI 
 
 I 30 
 
 I .V. 
 
 II ."i". 
 1 l-.'i, 
 
 I L'.".' 
 
 II .SO 
 
 o 
 
 <^ 
 
 It is tiirther siateil hy the ( 'anaili.in I'aeilic that the only laisiness in which thfi'c 
 is emiipetitimi U'tween the Can ulian .iiiil the American merchants, is in thi' Yukon 
 traile, ami the rates charited hy (he Canailiaii I'aeilic niilway to Vancouver anil Vic 
 toria 101 this ji.ii ticular trallic are exactly the same as cliar;;eil liv the American lines to 
 Seattle, so that the merchants in thesi' cities are on an exact jiaritv. 
 
 Ft is ar^tiieil that the merchants in the liritish I'olumhia Coast jKiiiits ilo not come 
 into cmii|ietitioii with the Si'attle merchant, liecause the iliity is siillicieiit tO|irot<ct the 
 t'lirmer, ami that therefore tlu' "ic. aihitrarv iloes not hint them. 
 
 I am of' opinion tliat the eviileiice siilimitt.^d diM's not justit'v the Hritish Coliiiiiliia 
 coast rates liein:,' placed on a hiirlier lexel, hy the 'ic nrhitrary. than the Seattle rates. 
 If t!ie determinin;; element in the tnrftr to the ( 'ojist is water comiietition then, in view 
 of the fact that the distance liy water lietween Seattle and Victoria is so slij.'lit, there 
 vxould appear to Im-, in virtue of the |«isition advanced hy the railway, no justiticatioii 
 for pilttiiif,' the British C'oluinhia rate on a lii;,'lier level. 
 
 Tlir fellow in^ eonij.laint was sjibiiiitrei by the New Westminr^ter Fiuctid of Tt.-uit^ 
 ' The (larticular jirievance that the New Westinin.ster Hoard of Trade desires to cull 
 
Hf.PnuT o.V /,'.(// MM )- C'Or.VlSStoXs 73 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20« 
 
 v-.iiiiitiriiti(.n t ', «ill U- t.HiiKi ii|«i'i |>. W ..t tti.' 'rnin,.'(,iitiii.hii.l Ki.iirlit .\ss.» hiti..!, 
 
 land', <l(lf«l .IlllllltllV l". IIMMI. 'I'liil.. vmi HJll |i|„l ; 
 
 Ut. 
 
 •JO itH. 
 
 
 Itr.l 4tii. 
 
 1:. -u l.i.t,. 
 
 .Ml,. 
 
 In it. 
 
 
 Ttli. 
 " I'll. 
 
 I-t. 
 
 ;((• it- 
 
 •.'ml. 
 J'i <-t- 
 
 ;!i,i 
 
 I'M rl- 
 
 .-.tl, 
 
 1-1- 
 
 ■ .li,. 
 
 1.1 rl- 
 
 |:irt~. 
 
 'I Ik-i- Villi "ill liuliii' nil- Miliiti;ilii- ilmi-'.'i'il ii|miii ( '.■iii^nji: ii trriiilil.' 
 
 I»i\isinl| A, illclllllfS .MolltllMl hJM^Inli I!, ihl'llllll'v lllllitll\. 
 
 Ciiilcr till' iin;iii-i-iii.iit .if tliU liiiiU'tlM-.' ;iil.itiiirii'^ jiii' to U iiWilr.l. ,,ii -liiii 
 iiinits tViMii |><iirit> ill i'11-.ti'iii Ciiiiiiil/i in Nmih ruiilic dmsl t.'fiiiiiial-, I., ili.- ini..-> 
 
 fllMll CIli.MUO lllllj riillllll.PlI |l..illt«, ill okIcI- (m olllllill till- tillllll'.'ll liltf. Tlli- l-.lM.fs 
 
 lliiti'-h ('..liiiiiUiii puiiits sii rlii'v Ink.' tin- S,-,iitli' iiil.s |.lii'< llic .'i ri'iit iiiliiliiirv. 
 
 'I'll.' ( iiMiiiliiili I'.iiilii' stiil.liiriil ill ivliiiltal sny^ • The mUif niiii-^ it sliiiiild )»■ r\ 
 pl!iiiii'<l Jill' M(|i|«<l tu till' lat.'s t'niiii Chiiaui. l.i tlie <i«i-.t. anij a, 1 nally n'|.ifMiit tli<' >lit' 
 tVii'iire ill ilistaiici' Uiwi'in Cliiia^'n atal the I'aiitir cna-.t. a^ ( ..uijuiiril in hivisinn A 
 with .Moiiiival an adililimial ilistaiiii' lit' 700 niili-s ami Halit'ax in the ease .it l>i\i^i,iii 
 I!, an ailfliti.inal <li>taiirc ..t' l.."iOO miles. |t eaiiii.it !»■ .nnsiileiid that tli.' ,11 l.itinii.s 
 a> -lateil ie|iiesent a liiirh c.i-t .it' tian-.|i<irtat i.m tnr the iiiileaire ;,'i\eii ' 
 
 The |iistili<atiiin t'l.r the n liitiaiiis is haseil hy the lailwav .in the ilill'iieine in 
 inileaye. 
 
 Tn the faiill (Ninth I'a.ilie e..ast iinesj, tenitmy Nn. .'lenMTs I'ittshin-. r.iill'al.i 
 ami eiiiniii"li iKiiiit-. Teiiiti.i\ Nu. li eii\ers New \<,rU ami eniiiiiioii |i..iiifN, these rates 
 a|i|ilyiii;; t.i |{.isit.iii an. I New Knv'laii.i. (I'.n- ijelaiU see |>|i. 7 > ut' Taritl i.f Tr.iiis 
 nnitilleiital lillieail). These twi. •leiiitulles' eiiMi- the same tieiieial se.tinli «if teriitiuv 
 in the I'niteil States as is inehiileil in the a.ljaeeiit teirilui'v in Canaila e.neiv.l ij'v 
 ilivisiiins A ami li. 
 
 [11 the ease .il' these teriitmies there is im ilill'erenie iiia'le in the rate mi aeemint ut' 
 the ailileil ilistanee t'linn ( 'hieai.'i). NN'ith only a t'ew exee|.ti.iiis the e.iiniiiiKlitv rates in 
 
 the lerritiiry fioni (.'liieai,'" ami eastward mi siii] nts tn the I'a.itie t'u.ist terminals me 
 
 f.i\eied hy a hiaiikel rate. The elass rate in the t.'rrifnrv t'ruiii ('liieai.'ii and eastward 
 mi shiiniients tu Paeilie ('.last terminals are ills., e.uere.l l>\ a hlanket rate. 
 
 The diHeriMiee ill /ates as iN-tweeli the shi|iiiieiits t'rmn |.iiilils in eastei'i Canida tu 
 iiritish ('uliiiiiliia. ami the slii|iiiients truiii tin' Ka tern Stat.'s t.i I'aeili.' ('..ast terminals, 
 is attiihutahte nut t.. a .lillereme in the leliittli ut' the haul hiit tu the enl'ureiiiv, with 
 the eunsent ut' the Transemititiental Freight Uureaii, ut' a higher rate luisis. 
 
 xi\'. iti:(;ri,.\Ti<»N of I!.\|'ks. 
 
 In tlie renulatiun ut rates an attem|it shmild Im> made tu ulitain stahililv and 
 I'ertninty. \\ itii this end in view, all ehani.'es in rate, either inereases m ileereas.s, 
 .shuuld lie made suhjeet tu the assent ut' the Unly .iri.'ani/.ed tu suiiei\ise fh,- re;.'iilatiuii 
 ut' railways. The puliey pursued liy the state railway ei;miiiissimis i.f the strmii;' tyix- 
 ill the I'ni .d States has lH"en, tu draw up tallies ut' ma.ximum rates, which may In- 
 Ifvistnl t'niin time tu time. In Kiiirlaiid, in reeent years, tiie railways have iM-eii rei|iiiied 
 ru suhliiit re» iseii seii.siiiies uf ma.vimum rates. The system ut revisiuii thruujjh niaxi 
 Ilium rates has a numlH'i- ut' ditlieiilties attaelied tu it. While the eumpaet territurv ut' 
 such H State as luwi. or Illinuis presents a similarity ut' trans]Mirtatiuii pruhleiiis, 
 
74 
 
 ItMI.WA rs ASi> '• iXM.S 
 
 1 
 
 EDWAflD Vil.. A. 1002 
 
 H liicli t> M(K itoi'lt' \vitli tail t'luillty til ii I ml it v nt' ri'ijiilii ii>ii llir'iii;;li iiiiivrtiiiilii I'lilt'- : ill 
 t'lih.ulii ilii' , iinilitiiiM- iiif ililli'lilit. Ativ «tli'm|it nil tlif |iiiitiit' nli\ rri«lllali\i' Ixuly 
 to ilniu ll|i liililcs lit lllilMllllllll I'lltio il|i|>llrillili' til tlic liJM'i'si' niliilil liill<< lit' a riilllltrv 
 mi ii|iviiiL' --iiili 'I uiiitfla|iliiiul rxti'lit «iiiiii| !»• iliKiiiii'il 111 t'ailiili'. Iln' |iiilii \ iiilii|itiil 
 ill < anaila lias Ih'iii a |iiilii v nt r<';.'iilatiii|i lliiuiiu'li iiinMiini, iIhm' iiiaxiliia U'iiiu' *■>■'>- 
 iiiittiil ill till- liiwt iiiKtaiH'f liy till- iiiil«av-. A ilitliiiili v ^i > niiiiiitinii » itii -mli ii 
 svoti'iii liiiH U-t'ii that till' liiii\iiiia IimM' Ikimi tiM'>l •-nllii'irlil iv lii^ii tn iljnu a uiili' 
 liiai';,'iii. Till- iiiaxiiiiH liavr Im'<>ii IImmI ^h liiuli 'hat tin- tiiittir will imt Ixar tlu'in, iml 
 ill niiiM'inii'iici (III' rates aitiiaily iliari;!''! Iimm- U'i-ii «itliiii iImsi' maMiiia. 'I'ln' tact 
 that till' iiiaxinia havi' Ihi<ii a|i|ii'iivi'il hytlii' linMTiiui in ( 'niiiiiil, althniiuli tlii' a|<|irii\al 
 has Utii, ill till' iict'i'ssily nt' tln' lasi', iii must rases /nn hiiiim. anil that tlir lates 
 artiiallv rliaiui'il have liecn within t' e inaviiii.i. has U'eii aihaiieeil liv the rniii|ianii's 
 as an a|-;,'iliiielit ill t'avniii nf llie leasmialililies^ nt' the rates ihai).'ei|. Hut ihiieasnii- 
 alileiii'NS lit' a rate i|i'|ieiii|s ii|uin the eiieiinistanies iiiujer «hii h it i~ rhar;.'iK|, ami will 
 \aiy as the eninliliiins vary. It is «.ll iiis.'h iiii|"i-silili'. ihiiei'nii-, t'nr any lw«ly in 
 ilrawinu up nr ai'i'e|>tiii^ a ;;eiieral tulile nt' iiiaxiiiiiuii rates tn -iv Imtnie i'niii|ilaint has 
 arisen, whether these maxiina are reasniiaUle nr net. ami aiiv aiuiiiiieiil in t'aMU' nt' the 
 reasniiahleiiess nt' the rates iharu'i'<l "ithiii these liiiiils is aUn siilijeet tn the same 
 eritieisin I 'nijer the system whieh has exist,- | tlie railway iniii)iiinies haM- elaiinisl the 
 rijjht tn ehaiivre the rates with nr withnet imuee. This is eleaily nut in the inten -i nt' 
 till' |ien|i|e. In general the IkhIv illtilesteil with the lejiulat i» e |inHir slmulil ;;iM' up 
 relianee npnii maxima, anil "hniilil ilesiie the ennipany tn tile vitli it the rate aetiially ' > 
 Im- ihar^'i'ii ill respei't nf thetiallie ijeiinmiiiateil. The same till iiialities in ri's|H'rt nt' 
 pulilicatinii nii;;ht attach as at present, ,inil it' any preliiiiiiiarv nliieetiniis shnulij he 
 preselltell tn allV jiliase nf the tiuitl'. these llli^ht Ih- i nllsiiielell. lillt III the li'ellt 
 mainriiv nf eases these rates wniilil 1m' siilijee* tn revisjiin mily when it ap|n'aiiil in the 
 eaiise nf a I'niiiplaint, that iietilieatinn i\i snme urie^ame was ie.|iii|e<i. Hy this 
 priNi'ilure the leijulatiM' IhkIv wmilil lie ellallleil tn fneus its at tent Inn ll|inn a speeial 
 ease. 
 
 The nhjectinn tn t his airani,'eiiii'nt nf rate n :.'ulatinn. iiaiiii'lv, th.it it wnuM imt lie 
 siillieieiitlv ela.stie tn permit the r.iilways In nlil.iin inuijs'titiM' tratlie. w'u're the enii- 
 ilitiniis ehanu'e rapiilly. has to lie eniisiilereil. .\s has alrcaily Ikiii stateil staliility ami 
 siH'uritv nf rates is esMiiitial. .Ml ehani.'e> shniild Iw made siihjeet tn the apprn\al nf 
 the regulative Imily. The reiniiremeiil that the railway shn.M lile the rate aetually tn 
 lie ehar;.'e(l anil lint i|e\ iate frnm this unless authnrizeil nr rei|iiire<l liy the ret.'iilatne 
 IiihIv sn tn iln, wiiulil w nrk III! harilsliip in re;;ar>l tn nnii eniii|>etiti\e trallie. In i'e<.'ari| 
 tn I'nmpetitive trallie there wniilil Ih- all npimrt unity fnr this tn wnik a hardship. Hut 
 this w.iuld lie avnided hy nipiirin;; in siuh a ease, that the taiill' shmilil lie tiled and 
 pinvided that it wniilil thereafter 1m' immediately eU'eetiM'. and that the rate sn tixed 
 mijiht I"' ihanj,'ed as nfteii as was desired liy lilini; new rate sheets, earh nf whieh Wniild 
 le etreeti\e as .sihhi as filed. The ie;;ulative ImkIv wiiuld have reser\ed tn it a sujK'r 
 visnry |in»er in re;.'ard tn all rates ehaii.'ed under siU'li rate sheets, Kvery sueli rate 
 ehai'v'ed wnuld lie siilijeet tn the rev isinii nf the enmniissinii. Ill this way the elastieity 
 nf pi'iK'i'dure iieeessjiiy, wnild Im- nlitaineil, w hile at the same time the su|Hivisiiry jinwer 
 nf the Cnmniissiiin wnui 1 Ih' maintained. 
 
 m 
 
 XV. THK HAILWAV CO.MMITTKK. 
 
 The eulmitiatinii nf the mnveiiieiit whieh liii tn tlu' handiiij; n\er nf all the reiruia 
 ti\e features of the Uailway Act tn tlie enntrol nf the Hailway Committee was attrihutalile 
 to the fait that it had lieen reiniini/ed that a lar;,'e Ixxly. whnse duties were imlitiial, 
 was unfitted tn deal with matters whieh were essentially iidministratiM'. Nnw, thelmdy 
 to whieh the exereise of this eontrol has l)een handed over, is also jHilitieal in nriranizatinii 
 and thus a-jaill the .je,e-.:tii>!l nf dualitv nf t'e.mtinll ;•; hrne.trht up. The ^mliiii-a! dutie-. 
 of the Cabinet Ministers are tini en^rrnssiiii; tn pTinit nf devotiiu,' themselves to all the 
 intricate details of the transpnrtation prubleiii. When the Knyal Cniuiiii.s.sion reeoiii- 
 
hki-oi; t '<.v itAH. iiM ) ' VI !> Miss/'iys 7j 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER \o 20a 
 
 iii''liiliM Iti.- [.liiiiii:; ..t' til.' ri%'iilnlis. |H,w.iN ill ilii' luiihl, ,.J' ill.' llaiU.iy ( '..iiiiiitt.'. . it 
 
 •'' am/.-'l lli'il 111. I" H.'ii- aim. .Iiili.-.ilti.'- Ill till "iiv T . i|ii.il.' ill.' «,,iil- ,,(■ ill.. 
 
 ri'lMiit • At til.' >iiiiii' III,!,' liii' ( '..iiii)ii"i.iii luliiiil-' tliM! -.itiiii- ..li|.'iii.iM iiiiiv !..■ iik.ii 
 
 I.I til.' m|. ,ti it ill.' ll'iiUiv ( 'iiiiiiiiiii till.' I'lMV ' ..iiiicil a- thf •.■I'li.'iiil i,ii! iv 
 
 ll-iliiiim . 'I'lii' III. iiiixi^ I'll mil it j. ii\.' III. II .li.tl,'- lit OttiiMii. all. I imh-I lli.i. »..n' .|. 1.'::mI.' 
 t.i •.IiIm.I'.IiiiiiIi''. iiiiicli M r\ iiii|.i,i i.iiit ui.il. ' " Tli.'X lii.l.j tlicir ..tli. .' 
 
 ..II II |i..liti<'Hl t.iiiii.', ami ail' lialil.. t.i siii|,|. ii .liaiit;.', » li.i'.'l.v llii' viili'i.' .,t iImii , v].. it 
 
 .'III'.' i> l.i-l 'riii'\- I'aii s,'a|-.-.'l' l»' r.'yai'.li'ill.s tli.- |.iililir a« ,iii-..|iit.'l\ i.'iii.n. i| ti 
 
 |«'l'N..iial I.I- |K,litii'al l.iii'. II. iiii|r|H'tii|.'Mt iiii'IiiIm'I's i.f a |.>'i iiiaii.iit 1 1 il.iiuiil, 'IMi.-y .nil 
 ii.it |Mi,,ili|y ..'IV.' tliiii .■\.|ii>i\. aH.iiijiiii I,, tlii'ir i'iiil«ay .liiti. . ami in takiiii; ii|hiii 
 
 »l..'iii«i'l\.'s till' .liili.', Mlii.li «..iil.| II...— aiilv •l.'M.lv.' ni- .I'tl i li.'V «i.iili| m fa.t U' 
 
 |.. I'tiiriiiitii! jii.li. iai t'liiirlii.ii', ' ' Til. ai'-iii i .■..iitairi.'.l iii lliis 
 
 .|m.taliiiii is as |.<i tiit.'iit 1.. il;i\ 
 
 A- I li.' liailv\a\ ( 'iiiiiiiiitti'.' 1- 111- iiH/.'.l III ila\ , lliil.' t- a I n-k <i| t.'rlniiral .|ualili.'a- 
 li.iliN i.t lilii.'-'s. Willi., till' liai^.ax A. I assiH-iali". Milli tin- .Miiiisl.r nt' li 'iht a\ ' ami 
 
 C.iiiaU 1 ■ itaiii m.-iiiU'is ,,f ih,. Ciiin.'t, It «il| i.f ii s-it\ liap|» ii. that mi malti i s i,t' 
 
 t.'. Iiiiiiiil ij.'tail th" Minimi. I' «il; I..- tli.' ..lily ..ii.' littcl |i. |ir..m.uiir.'. In sli'ii'tnis, t|ii. 
 Miiiisl.'i ..t' I; ul'.«a\s ami ( 'aiiiil'. i. tlic Itailway ('uiiiiiiil lit' amlllir i.':;ii|.i:; i ..u.y 
 |iiii--ii.,| u ilKiiiy .i~ Ills u.i.'i'i'sl ill till- 111 ilti'i' .if iail«a\ ii'i/iiliiliiiii Min.'s. \\ i, it a 
 .Miiiisl, I 1.1 Itailway .iml « 'mials is (li.is.ii. I,.' i|.i,s ii..i ii.-,'i.ssarilv ..iin.' t.. t' .• ( 'al.in.'t 
 a-. .1 man I. ^ Imiially i|iialili.'.| ..|| laiiviiiy iif.illi.is, |i, ij,,' ailimnisi i'a\i.iii .it' ih.' atlliii-s 
 lit' this il. |iaitiii.'iil. till- iliiti.'s ai'.' s., miiltilai imis that ..\..|i wlifn tiilniical klh. I.il..'.' is 
 a.'.|iiii'.'.l ih.'i'.' is lint iitti,. lii.i.' t.. .IcM.t.- t,. tin. il.-taiK of i.'uiilatii.' i 'i.ii|.|...l u ii h 
 this Is till, ta.'t that, th.' .'\i;;.ii<'i.'s . .| |M.lilii- .In ii,,t always iH.nnit "i ih. -.■ «li,. h.nr 
 
 iii'i|inn'i| ti'i Imi.-al kmi« li'ili.'.' ut' i ail" ay alia i is. in th.' ailniiiii..!iali..i. ■ t ili. .,, art iil, 
 
 I'l .111 1 1 mill',' in such a jh .sit Ion. In th.' niatli'i- .it railway ri'uiilatioii ili. i. i- a tniilil iiii, 
 iistt.'ll isa loiiliiiiiity of policy «liii'h is essential. Uliij.' th.' |!n al ' ,.i.,i.ii .-ii.n .1 .1 
 
 Hot [ii.'Ni.lc I hi' nia.'liin.'iy to .'iit'.ii.'.' it ■ v i.'W. il was of 1 1 |.inioii ili.i' a I .U . ..m.ii ...I 
 
 with mat I. Is of r.'i;ii|ati.iii shouU U' so i i;aiii/.cil as to |«'i'niit of th.' s. ,si,,i,s i„ ,„. la hi 
 at ihll.i.'iii iMiiiits. .\s till' coniinitti'i' is oi';.Miii/cil t..ila\- il is mii'ssai v to all in 
 
 |iliiints f.i Im- ili.alt with in < tttaw.i. ami tl \|m'1is.. ami il.'lav tinu'.'nt on I In- ;, ■ : ii".l 
 
 of |.ii.i'i'.|iir.' t.'iiil t.iili'fcat the I'.-ni.'.ly. Wli.ie an ..i-ani/iili. .|i is .•om'.'i'm I aiiI, Hi.- 
 ciifoic.'ineiit ..f a r"iinlati\.' |«.licy ill a sHetch of . oiintiy I'xl.n.lin- fnmi ilie All.inli. 
 to th.' I'a.ili.' il is ii..|.,.ssaiy that ]ii'o\ ion shoiil.l In- inaiir fm ■.•scions iK'in;; In lil in th. 
 ilill.'i.'iit |.|ii\iiici's. j'aii till' |.olitii'al .irLfani/ation of th.' cinnnitli'.' |iii'Mnls ,ii, h an 
 ai'iaiii;. ini'iil 
 
 I 111' .let. "Is ill the eo| i tie as reyaiils the i|ii.si ion of railway i.-vMlliit loti u\:i\ In- 
 
 suinin.'.l ii|i as follows : 
 
 (I.) It has a iliiixl fiimtioii |.olitii'ai and .iilniinistial n.'. 
 
 (-'.) 'riiei'i' is ii.ii eotitimiity of teinii,'. 
 
 (;i.) 'riii'ic is u luck of t.'i'liliiial liailiili;; for the w.iik. 
 
 (4.) The la. k of iiiii;raliii'y on.'ani/'iition icmlers it in']..issiMi. i,, ileal .)Vi'.'l im'Iv with 
 sinallel' ciinjilaints. 
 
 (•"i. ) The ilistaii.e to Im' li'a\i'lle<l liy th. iii|ilaiiiants makes tin . Api'iis.' itnat. 
 
 The fact lliat it was (li'i'incil .'xiiedieiit t.i t;ike the work of r.'i;ulatioii .nit ..f th.' 
 hamls of |iai'liaiiieiit ami plai'.' it in the hanils of a siiiall.'r lio.iy show.'il .in a]i|ii'i'eiat lull 
 of till' n.'c.'ssity of a iinitieil ami ci'lierenl |i.iliiy. Tliei'e\i('W just uii,.,, indicate- th.' 
 
 dillicnlties in tin' way of tliix Inins,' ohtaiiie.l in the work of th.' lailwav littee. .\ll 
 
 e.\|K'ii.ii.e |.oints to the ailMiiitai;!' of. the Work of ie-ii|ati..n U'Iiil: in the hand- of a 
 IlmIv siitlicieiitly lai'i,')- to insure a ileliticiative |iriK .Mime . -ntlicientlv small to iiisini' 
 laiadity ..f action, .\ii.l ex|itTi.'m'e furthi'i' | oints to th.' coii('Uisi..ii that it is iitiwis.' to 
 ciiifiisi' |iolitical and adininisti'atiM' duties. 
 
76 /.'. ill. ir.i rs A xi) CA .V. I i.s 
 
 1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 
 XVI 1!AII,\V.\V COMMISSION IN CANADA. 
 
 'I'lii- wi.rk iif iMilw.iy iciiiiliitiim i- ((Hici rued willi iiilMiiiiistiMtixc not imlitiriil 
 |iiol)liiii^. .iii'l >li4Mi|(| 1k' |iI;ii-i-iI ill till' Imiiij.s ut' ;i IhhIv s|ciiiillv ip|-i,',iiiizicl t'lir tlii' |iiii-]«isc, 
 .'iml ilMli'iu'lllli'llt III' |>o|itir;ll c'liMilit inn-.. 
 
 In (•(P'liliMttilll.' till' W(il k nt' ri';;il|ilt imi In ;1 Imilv i's|ii'i-iilllv iMi;;i||i/,('i| till- tills plir|iiis(>, 
 C.iiiiiij.i li:i> till' MiK litiiyi- I't' liiiv iiii; till' i'\|ii'i'ii'ini' iif Kii;,'ImiiiI jiMil tlii' I'liitiil St.iti's 
 til ili-aw ii|)iiii. Will II till' Caiiailian Ituyiil Ciiiiiiiiissiiiii iii.iili' tlii' ii'riiiiiiiii'TnlMtioiis 
 uliirh ri'Milli'il ill till' li'i.'iiliili\i' hiiu'liiiHi'y nt' tlir Ifiiilway .\ct, as it iiiiw staiiils, tlii' 
 railway lati' ii'i,'iilatiuii |"ilii'y Imlli in Kiii'Iaiiil anil tlii' I'niti'il Sl.iti's was in a tiaii-iloiv 
 riiiiilitiiiii. 'rill' rniiiiiiissiiiii ii'_iilat imi |iiii\ iili'il t'or liv tln' Kiiu'li^li .Vrt was aim inlril 
 l>y t!ir ail ut' I •■<.■< S. Tlir li'i;i-latiiin. iilliliT wliirli tlii' I Mti'i'slali' Cuiiiiiu'l'ri' CnlMliiissiiiii 
 ii|"iati-. hail |iisl lii'i'i.iiii' i'tli'.li\r. Wliiir tin' liiival Coiiiiiiissiuii tlmiiLriit tliat Im.iIi uf 
 thi'^i' M'liliiri's wi'i'i' tiHi iiiiirli in thr i'\|M'iinii'iil staj:i' In wai'i-aiit tin' |il'ii\ isimis in rithi'i- 
 I-:!-;' Iii'in;.' a|i|ilii'il til tlii' I'linilitiiiiis rxistiiii; in Canaila. a siillirii'iit |ii'i'iiii| li.'is -.iiu'c 
 riaiisiil. III liiiii^' nil ill rli'ai I'i'lii'f. lint only tlii' ii'siilt Iml alsu tin' ili't'i'i'ts in lunnii'tiuii 
 w Itli r.piiiiiii-.'-iiin li'iiislatiiili. It lia^ Ihtii niaili' i-li'.u', ami im saiir aihiicati' ut' I'liniinis. 
 ^imi ii'i:iil,iliiiii I'M'i- lii'lil iitlii'iA isi'. that tin- riiiiiiiiis>iiiiis liaM' nut In'i'II ahli' In hiilii,' 
 ah., Ill ah.,uliiti'ly sati^t'ai'tui'y I'umlitiuiis hctwi'ii tin' railv.avs ami the slii|.|ii'i'-.. A rati' 
 vv hii'li will hi' ahsi.hili'ly s;it i-t'arluiy tii hutli '.|ii|i|M'i' anil r.iilw.'iv i'\i-.ts nuwlirri' -hurt uf 
 I "uiiia. Ii.iilw.iy rail's an- ha-M'il mi i'uMi|iruiiii>.i's. Tlii'ii' ha\i' alsu Im'i'ii \ariuiis 
 iii.iltiis «i ii-h ihr iiiiiiniissiuiis lia\i' hri'ii iin.ihli' tu sritlr. hut what ha- Ik'i'Ii ^.lini'il 
 i-. th.il lln-r.' i- .'in i'tVi'i'ti\i' ri",'iilai imi « liirli ilur- nut pi'imit thi' 'li'ti'iniinatiun ut' tin' 
 rati' ami ut' matti'is |ii'i'tainiii;.' In it, lu hi' wliully in thi' h.-iinls ut' uin' p.irlv tu tln' rati' 
 ruiitiait. < 'urnliliun- aii' iiniluiihti'illy U'ttrr in Kn;:laml anil in thr I niti'il Stati's tli;in 
 liny Will' hi't'uri' thr ruiiiinissiun ri'v;iilatiuii was ailu|iti'il. 
 
 In a|i|'lyiiii: thr |.iimi|i|i' uf luiinnissiun ii'i;iilatiun in Camnla ^iii/amr iini-t al-u 
 
 hi- i.ikrii i,( ihr ilrfi'i'ls nitinifrstnl in thr u|ii'raliuii uf thr Ir^i-laliiiii Uilli in l'",n-laiiil 
 ami ill thr I'niti'il Statrs. Thr I'linsiili'i'.itiun uf tlirsl' ilrfrrts w ill sliuw a nuinU'r uf 
 I'll faiN wliirli till' C:in,'ii|ian Ic^'i-laiiMi' shuiilil aMiiil. 
 
 'I'lir i's|n'i'ial ililliriiltirs whirli tin- Cuniiiiissiuii IniM' iiirl. in -u far a-, ihr-r aiv thr 
 
 uiitrui f ilrfnt-, ill llir li'^'i-lat i' ill. .'il'i'. III) lark (if rlrar rut -talrinrlit. (/.) .|iir-tiuii uf 
 
 rrlaliiiii tulhr ruiirt-. I.') i|ii,iliriraliuns fur utlirr, i'/)trniiri' uf uirirr. llralini; uilh 
 llii'>r Miattrrs in ihrir urilrr thr r-.riitial |i.iiiits niav l>r siiiiiiiiari/nl. 'I'lir ilrlail- h i\i' 
 lirrii inilir.'iti'il in an r.-irlirr rr|iurl prr-rnlnl I >■ air tu ihr ilrjiartinrnl. 
 
 l.'i-l,nl'('l,,iiiiiiSi,ii,,„'iii In liuth !",n:.'lanil ami thr rnilnl .Stairs Ir^'islalimi, 
 -iilliririit rarr«a-iiu| lakrii ill maul iiiur I'uwri's lu ilrtinr tin ni with rx.irlnrs-. Fur 
 r\,!iii|il^', in ihr A'l lu I! \;iij.ilr ( 'uiiiinrrcr pnnisiiii is mailr that ralrs wrrr lu hr 
 ri .i-uiiahlr. \\ lien thr ruiiiinisvi.ni raiiir In thr artiial rnfurrriiirlit uf this pru\ i-iun il 
 fuiiml lh;il thr |iu-itiiiii lakrii hy thr ruiirts was that thr unly aiiirmlalurv |iuwrr pus 
 -i'-»ri| hy thr Culnilli-.>iull rrlatril tu past I'.lfrs llut tu flltlirr ratrs. Tlir rullscipirnrr uf 
 this is. that till' ilrri-iiiii uf thr Cuniiiiissiuii in rrijaiil lu jk partiriilar ratr iIih's imt rstali 
 li-h any riilr uf artimi hiinlin;; in fiitiii'i' iipuii tlir rarrirr .'lu'aiiist «liuin thr ilrrisimi is 
 U.\\f\\. It « ill rrailily appr.ir thai thi-- trmU lu ilrfral thr rcmrily ilitrmlril lu l»' ^ivrii 
 iinlrr thr priAisiuns uf thr art. In ('ai^rk'Hiil thr ililtiri'lty has hri-ii that arrhair pm 
 \ i-iuiis uf thr Kir.'lish railway la« air in lunllirt with thr |ii'u\isiuns in rr;,'ai'il tu ratrs 
 runl.iinnl in ihr law- runfrrriiii; rr;,'iilati\r puwrrs ii|uin thr Cuniniissiun. Kur rxaniph'. 
 iiinlrr thr r.ii'lirr thriiry uf thr railwiiy l.iw. which -till has furrr. thr railways iirriipinl 
 a pu-iliuii aiialu;.r,ins lu that uf raiial-. Thry nii;;ln i'ii:.'a;;r in tlir transp'ii'tatiiiii hiisinr— 
 lhrii,-rlM'-. ur thry iiiii.'lit alluw uthns tu n-r thr trarks un iliir payinriit uf r 'rtaili tulls. 
 'I hi- upriiril ,1 wiilr way uf r\asiuii. If tin' rrrtitiratiiin uf a {.'rirvanrr w.ts ilrsirnl, thr 
 r.'iiKvay, hy rlaiiiiini.' tli.it it «as mil Iranspurtinii ^"""Isliut sinipiv rrinlrrini,' the sci'viirs 
 uf it- Harks in rrliirii fur thr payninit uf lulls, nii;,'ht hrini; siirh prrssiirr to Iwar mi Ihr 
 imliMihial ilrsiriiif,' tu ha\r :.'iiui|s I laii-purlril. -iiirr thr ina|"?'ily uf inili\ iiliials drsiriiiL; 
 tianspiat.itiun i|u nut pussrss i ar- ami i'iij;iiir-, that hr woiilil tinil thr liayninit of thr 
 uhniixiuii- r.'itr thr Irssri r\ il. This was lirlpril mi hy a tri liniral ilcfrrt in thr phiasiiii; 
 iii thr art of ISS.s. Srrtiuii L'). whirh lu.ikrs piii\isiiiii for thr s'll 'litlili!.' Iiv ihr rail 
 
UEPitUT lis AM//. ir.lV CDSIMlSSlDXS 
 
 77 
 
 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 20a 
 
 wnv ,.f a n.iM.,1 ..-1 t its n,-. ... tl,,. li..anl „f T.■a,l,^ „,.,k.., •"■;"•■•'"■•"•■;;';': 
 
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 staiidlH.int l,.,Mslati.i.. uihI.t wiii.'!. tli.' Int.rs.ut,. r.M.nni'.r.' 
 
 . I l.-.l Tl.is is an ..ss..ntial .U-f.r. i<. tl. -a.../.atu>n ..i tl..; C .....Mnss,....^ \\ 1..1. 
 
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78 
 
 HAIL WAYS A XL) CAXALS 
 
 1-2 EDWARD Vli., A. »302 
 
 pnividfs that of tlic tw<i ii)i|Miirit('il cDiiiiiiissioiK'is nrii' ^Imuld Ik' <it' cxpfiiemv i:i nillwav 
 iMisiiics*. 
 
 '/'. -11 II !•'■ 11/' Oji'ir,. Till- |ii((visi(ii)s in iffriiril to tin' lit'urc of oflicc in tlic ruit-ti 
 Stall's lf;;i>ilatiiili arc vi'iv lirfcctivi'. Tlic ol)taiiiiiij; of the knowledge n juisitf 'o ilivii 
 «itli tilt' tlionsand ami om [iiol)leiiis jirt'st iiti'il, is, cvi-n willi ])H\ loiis <|ualitications, ii 
 «oil< of tiiiit'. Till' C'onllnt••^sioll must, of ni'ci'ssity, have a tradition of it^ oun. And to 
 olitain tliis a nnii'li loii;;i'r tfrm tlian >ix vi-ais is i'i'i|nisiti'. It is tni" that a nji-nilni' 
 may In' ri-apiiointcd ; lint, owin;; to liii' fact tliat the orijuni/iition of tlii' (onnnission js 
 to ih' partisan, it lii'iii;; roi|niri'il tiiat m. more than thri'c inemU'is sliali U'lons. to tl.c 
 ~iiMn' |iolitiial paity, tlu-ir is niiinitVstly, undi'r tlii' cliantriiiu' ronditions of poiitii-s, an 
 ohsiailr in the way of rcapjMiintMii'nt. Thi' ar^'umcnt for t!ic Irnutlii'iiinj,' of tin- tenn 
 is furtlirr stri'nf.'tlii'n('d l)y tlii' fact, that thi- shortir thi' ti-nn. thi' iar^'ri' tlu' siilarv tliat 
 must lie )iaid to attrart a suttiricntly hij;h ty]«' of aliility. In lM)t) oni' of tin' minilxTs 
 of thi' Inrcrstatc t'onnni'iri' t'or:imission rcsiiini'd In-causc the -alarv ri'rii\i'd. s7,."hp() 
 pi'i annum, was mucli li'ss than hi' could inakc in the j.rivati practice of law. It i- ir 
 |iortc.| that at present ncLtotiations aie under way as a residt of which the present 
 cliaiinian of the Interstate Connneice Commission will lie otVeicd a lailwav |iosition 
 payiic twice the salary he at |iiesent receives. In the case of the Kn^rlish ii'!,'ishition 
 the ap])ointed conmiissioners hold • duiin^ pleasure.' The experience of b'lth Emrland 
 and the I iiited Stjites points to tile conclusion, thai tiie most cllicient work would U' 
 ohtained from the Coimnission if the rneii'.lx'rs were .ijipointeil on the s.ime tenure as the 
 iiidi,'es. .V life t''nuri' would mean a conlinrity of rei.'ulative tradition. It would iiKo 
 mean that the dignity and security attaclii.ij; to the |it'|. tenure would |H'rinit the com- 
 mission to ohtain a lii;;li ordei' of ahility, which could he ohtained onlv in the case of 
 tie shorter tenure l>y the ]vaymeiit of a salary much liii;lier than (.'.Mnadn could idl'ord to 
 eive. 
 
 Suininaiizini; the fore^oinu discussion the followinj; conehisions ajiplicahle to con 
 ditions in Canada would a)>pear: 
 
 (1.) There must 1h' ^.'reat care in thi' delliiitioii of the powers confeiied upon the 
 Commission. 
 
 (-.} The matters to 1m' dealt with ari concerned with administration .ind | ohcv, 
 rather than formal judicial procedure. 
 
 (.'{.) Suliject to an appeal to the (;o\ernor in Council the decision of t he Commission 
 should Im' tiiiiil. 
 
 (I.) There should U' rei|uirements in reitaid to technical ipialilii-.-itions for ollice, 
 one commissioner should !«' skilltil in law and one in railway luisiness. 
 
 ('>.) The commissioners should hold ottice on the same tenure as the jud^fes. 
 
 One part of the arLtument made hy the Hoyal Ciniimissi.ui in favour of putliin,' the 
 li'LtulatiM' provisions of the Railway .Vet under the control ,,f the railway conimittee 
 was eoni erned with the question of responsihility to Parliament. To quote the words 
 of the re|Mirts. ' the |«)litical constitution of Canada recoj;ni/es direct ministerial re 
 s]ionsil)ilitv to Parliament much more than in the I'nited States, and therefore as a 
 
 railway trihuiial is necessarily tentative it seems undesi-ahle to remove its 
 
 operation to its hiception iMXond the direct criticism and control of Parliamenl.' The 
 caution here i'X|iressfd is essential. Ministerial ri--|H>fi.siliilitv to I'arliament must lie 
 leioj^ni/eii. In the Cianmission le;;islation of Knyland. tlii.s is provided for hy ifiv in;; the 
 Hoard of Trade a superv isory control ni iv;;ard to ilie CommissioT . I r in Canada the 
 ileiisioiis of the ( 'ommission may l)e reviewed hy the (loveriior in Coumil eith-r "H 
 aj'pe.i' or of 111. .iwn motion, ample [-.rovision v ill he made to safeijuard the f»fiiiiipi<- .rf 
 ri'sponsiliilitv. 
 
 While the provisions of the li'i:is|;ition or^anl/inL; tin- (.'oniim^sion »i»«it«i neeessttrilv 
 j.'iM' it lompellinir [Miwer. yet the experience of Kii|.'land and of tl»i- I'nititi .Si .:e» li.-i»<j« 
 to I he loiicliisioii that in the solution of it.s detail i* » ill incieasin;;ly iM'cupv the [»«.i 
 tion of either a mediator or of an arhitrator. .Manv matter- -omewlijit trivial in tli«T». 
 selve- mav in default of rectihcation hecome s«Tt"Mi» ;iri<-'. itnees. Trouliles iiih' iin<»- 
 froiii iiiisa|i|irihension. hi the work in;; of the IHinms <'.«iei«ii~~ion it lias Iweii found in 
 recent years that tin minission has in many .!)».-» U'cir ;itrf.> i. .nfoii ■■ the power ,4 its 
 
 '^ 
 
nEI'OKT <>. 
 
 y IIAII.WAY CO.VJ//*'S/O.V.'( 
 
 7t 
 
 SESSIONAL. PAPER No. 20a 
 
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