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MICIOCOfV ilStXUTION TBT CHART 
 
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 '■as (?'6) 482 - 0300 - P^on* 
 
 ^S (716) 288- S989 - ^oi 
 
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 
 
 STUDIES 
 
 PHYSIOLOGICAL SERIES 
 
 No 29; SOME RECENT WORK ON THE CONTROL OF THE 
 ESPIRATORY CENTRE, uv J. J. R. Macleod 
 
 RsramiXD »bo« rat JotRN*i o» LAau«Atoav and Ci.i»iic»i. Mtoicwi. Vot. V ) 
 
 'HE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: PUBLISHED BY 
 HE LIBRARIAN, 1919 
 
Ch^i rmji < 
 
 Gtn. 
 
 
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SOMK KKC KM WOHK <»\ IIIK 
 
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 rornnt't, Citniiilii 
 
 H>|>nnl ..I Krilli'r.jl li..n. 
 
 IIIK JOIKNAI. (»K 
 I AltOHAIOHY AM) ( LINK Al MIKU INi: 
 
 Vol. V, \., I. (»r|..l..r. I!M'I 
 
Sfinif Hrant 
 
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 It III (iiitliif rN(iiriiin tii« III uliuli .iiiiiiiiiil- III .ilk.ili »«•!«■ (ii't 111 .lit tit 
 ;. , .| iiiti4\riiiiii'lv 'II tli.il ilrditiit ili|'U'»iiiii 111 1,1 III itii' IiIimmI v«i«^ otah 
 i,4,.|. (Ill iiiiv« i.iii^iMu itw^f ' .ilkii''f«i»" .iiimiaU III tr-|iirr iii I't (^ rtch ii|. 
 IP ■lnTf' II ».i- hMiiMi lli.il llti- tr>)>ti;itii>it> «i-ir « \t ili-il iirni tii .illy In .t«. i«rrat 
 I .1. ijrw »•> ill tin- .iiiiiiiaU Willi tiiitm.il i'„, iillli>>itKli llii- li»-».ittlr t«i«t'l, it li.iil 
 11 . 1 iivarly atlaiiU'ij ili«' N-xrl at whuli ii •i.iftil« in iinrmiil IiIihmI vwu wIh'ii \«'r\ 
 I ■ >l li>|K-t|>tlr4 W.1- |in-«riil lmrr.i«c in I'l). IcH'.imii, i|iiiti' iiii|i'|h iiilnitly itf 
 ,11. i-r 111 I'll aluiM" the )ih\ -idIukk Icvfl. hiii| i|iiiic clcarl) .itfnnU'il tin- «litii 
 It'll I.I llir ci'iiliT, It will In* ii«'c«".>ii( V III n|i»;il Ihr <>l>«i'r\;ili<rti» li\ ihr ii»r ni 
 ihi- . IrvtriMtH-lfii' iiiciII'mI f..r tiu m^iiiiiii; V„ >>i ihf IiIimhI 
 
 It fitrllirr iiiM "liKMlicin >liiiul(| i-diiiiriii ihc li\|Mitlif>i- iliai C'( >, t«'n«itin i« 
 ,1 i.ii' crtriiiM- -1111111111^ iiti ihr rc-iiiriiliiry nutcr lli;iit i'„ il v%tll tinMit tli.it, 
 'iiiliki- tin- rliMlitiiii' ariioti of tin- heart whuli i- ImkIiK >tt>i('|ilililc tn laliutis the 
 rtuiliittii aiMKitt t)f lIu" rr»|>iratiiry ccnlrr ii mi in anion-. The rxrilahihlv nf the 
 n'-'.irition crtiler tiiwafd- ci'rtain cnneenlratinn- ni ihe l'\' ion i« of (jreat in 
 ' ■• I .itKJ -iniiificaiti-e in ihi- eoniieition allhoii|;h the aetion i> ilitferently ex 
 ' .1 'ml liy It- <li-eo\erer, l,i«'veiiharf Tlie rliythniit eotltraclioit- of the i-nlateil 
 iMil! iiile-liiie are al«o hii(hly -ii-ie|>lilile to the intUieiue nf anion-. 
 
 \|Mil fmiii their theoniieal inlere-t the fore(;oin|; faet- are of vtiidinilitetl 
 -1.1 uial im|Mirtanie -inee lhe\ -how that a eerlain ten-ion nf i't>, mu-t e\i-t 
 i;i |!'i hliKiil whieh liathe- the re-|iiratory, ami very likely other eenler-. in oriler 
 tl,,' the |>hy-iolo^'it activity may Ix- niaintaine<). 'I'he nli-frvatioii- recall the 
 'M'l 'i\|Mithe>.i» of M0--0 that lertain perversion- of phv -io|o((ie fmution may oc 
 .u: ilii'ii the teii-ioii i(f C >; i- -iilinormai (aeajmia*. 
 
 ' 'lie lit the mo-t important (|iie-tion- in loiinei'lioii with the hormone control 
 
 ■ ■; ;lir ri -iiirafory center concern- the inlhience of a dehciencv of o\y>;eii in the 
 'i'-|;'''l ail'. It ha- loiifj lueii known that <ly>pnea u-«ally -iipervene- in at- 
 I '■ -I'licre- which are <leci<|ei|ly deticient in thi- ga-. There arc iwo well knowti 
 ' ■ 'it iili-ervation which illu-trate thi- fact. The tir-t of the-e i- the lalxiratory 
 1 ^;■ I uncut in wliicli a |)er-on i- cau-ed to hriathe in and out of a laryc -pirotn- 
 "' iir riihher haj,' provided with -oila life to ah-orh carlm.. dio\iiU-, dyspnea 
 'i' l.i|i-, liecomiiiK verv marked when the oxyjjeii has fallen lielow 14 per cent. 
 I' .'ilicr 1- al'forded hy cilcluMn the re-piration at hi>{h altit'iile-. it i- hvporp- 
 ■■ • •<, ih.it the .iKcoli ;irc more thorou^jh'v ventilated and the -upply of oxv- 
 
 111 ihein liecome- more fre<jiieiitly re]iteni-lied in order to compcn-ate for 
 '' 11 1 Tca-ed pcrceittaKc in the atmosphere. Tln'ie is therefore no douhl that 
 
 irticy of oxygen excites the re-piration ; the i|Ue-tion i- whether the stimulus is 
 ''■ iNyj^en rltticiency /•c;' .vc or whether it is dipendent u|"m some condition 
 
 '1 is -el up hy this deliciencv In considering this question it is important 
 
 ■ ■ -huj;'.;; r; lictv.ciii cxirciMC anil ni.iticratc degree- cif nxygcn dcfiiiciKV. 
 
 St 
 Ml 
 
^^^ 
 
 W lull il i-- cvtniMc lie n-|)ir;ilMi \ iiiitt-r, like ,itl nlliir niilci >, litniin 
 
 •Mlliiii); I 
 
 liri'>-.fc| ;i|)).;!iintly uillimit aii\ pn'lliiiin.ii \ ^liiiuihilinii. ,iiii| 
 
 SiU'li ,1 tiiiiiliiKiii .'Mir^ wluii llif IpIuhiI ^'iiiplv In the iiMiiiill.i i- -<iiipii-l\ 
 
 linil u illi 
 
 .I--1 1)1 lr»|ill .llli 111 III 
 
 lliilH LJil^i- 
 
 Ilk 
 
 (' I .11 hull M|< >lli > 
 
 iir iiiflli.inr. A Niinil.ir (l<|n<>-iiiii i.|' ijic ic-piialni > criilci ijiu' {<< nwj^in 
 fiiiriuv may |i(is-ili|\ l^.c ilir laii-r i>l" ilialti in >iiili di-ca-i^ a> at iili- inuiiii!. 
 anil ciltiiia m' iIk- Iiiiij,'^. Il i^ ni dci idcd |iiatliiai \ • tn kimu ijial il i- 
 ^ililf In ir-lurc a iiiili'i rcndiicil niatli\i' liiruiii^ii ariciu \ ii\ nNXfjcii li\ 
 iTfa^'ni,' the iicrrcniayi nl llii> ya^ in --iniiiK' ^cihilinn in lln' liloud •.it|>|ilviiii; 
 
 W 
 
 !• lia\o cili^ciAtd till 
 
 ic^loialuc |Mi\Mi' III ipwycn i lialalinn. 
 
 'nkiii;;,y in llir ta^c nl drci rilnalc cat- llTa^ir. 
 
 i;; and MacK-mi i 
 
 animal-. Infatlu- witii in'iffil icyiilarily a^ Inn^; a^ llitic i- an aiU-i|iialc -ii|i|'!> ,.| 
 (iN\L'i'n to llu' iiifilnlla. Inil il tlii^ In- I'ln 
 
 tailed. a> 1p\ Il 
 
 iiiiliipfanly iiaiii|. 11114 '■n' 
 \citflir;il aitcriiilc^. llic rc>|iiiatiipii> f^radiialiy iia-i- imt iitinn imiiicilialt l\ h, 
 
 liri'iilaliiiii i~ ri"-l()i td. Siimi'timiw, i'-<|ni.ially when tlu' artcriip i'itr|p 
 ),'fiiiiiia aif (U'^lriiM'd, tlir Ipicatiiiiij; in llic dtcinlpiaic animals lui (Piiif 
 
 pia i|ii.i.l!i 
 in.'Un'.ir 
 
 aiii 
 
 .nleiia 
 
 jjiadiially ica-f^ <iiliril\. tliipii.uli llic heart 1- ^til 
 
 iliiii; and then- n 
 
 ilipipd ]ii(>>uri-. In -uili ca-cs iniiiiial ic-ipiraliipii 1- 
 
 lpr(piii|ill\ if-tiiii .i In 
 
 iplai air w liu li is iim-i 
 
 lai^ini; tin- [larlial |ire«-iiri' ul u\ym'ii in llic aKi 
 M'liiciilly dune |py inlidiliu iiiy |iiirc ip\y),'cii Ippw duwii in iju- liaclica tin 
 catlictcf and ititcn iiiiiiiij^ llic -trcaiii 1 liy llimicalK at alpoiil tlic --anic latt 
 ic rc-liircd lircatliinj; i.pntiniic-~ I'cpr -cpinc tunc al'lcr 
 
 aiiiiiial lii'i'atlK'>. 
 
 Th 
 
 tininii),' the iiNx^cii mh.ilat ipii^. 
 
 In \ie\\ (if the I'c-iill- it i-- |Hi>vil.lc tn i\|ilaiu llic licndicial elicit^ «l::>li 
 
 iitlcii tiillipw the admiiii-t 
 
 laliiiii ot ipsyycii in ca^cN ppI iiiicuiiiDiiia, in coa! 
 
 linisoninj,', etc. I'hc inhaled nwi^cn rai-c^ the tciisiuii ni ilii> j^a^ in the aKt !,ir 
 air M) that a MilVicicnt aiiupmit nl' il liccnmc-. di>snKed in the |)la-iiia In kc. i' liu 
 
 coDtcr al 
 
 l\e, inilc|iciii|ciill\ III the 
 
 pf (.■< ) p. 
 
 at lia^t 
 
 nl the 
 
 matinii nl niiPK 
 
 kept 
 
 p.\\ lu'lllnjjlipjpm. 
 
 ll 
 
 'I'liat 
 
 iicivc center- and ntlier ti-siic- (.m 
 
 llive l>\ pll\Mulni,'ic valine m which e\ce-< n| nwijeii 1- di- 
 
 U eil I- a \'. 
 
 cstahli>liei! lad 
 
 and It -liniild he nnr aim, v\heii Irealiii^' ca~e- nt' a-plnsii, h 
 
 rai-c the partial prc-.-iiie nl t 
 
 iiN j^a- 111 tlu' aKcnIar air a- 
 
 hiKl 
 
 I a- pn>-i|ple. 
 
 1I-- wav iiiii-t lie niaiiitameil ' iif! 
 
 dissnlxed nsyj,'cii supplied In the cinters in li 
 
 the mcclianisiii nl" which the -npply i- nnii ally ciisiiumJ, namcK . Ii\ disscn i.iKi! 
 
 nl the n\\ j,'cii hniiiid tn lu'iiinj,'ln|piii. ha- hceii icslnied In nnrnial. Tile rcsii-. il.i 
 
 tinn aricprdcil hy iiicicasiiii; the percentage nf nxyi^cn in the aKenlar aii ,1! 
 
 thnlli^h it call niily he leiii|inrai\ . iiia\ --erxe tn tid' 1 ^v er a • isi-- and mi pi'iiii! 
 
 the normal mcchani-ms In uh'ch nsyf^cn i- iraiispnricd tn the tissues tn 1" ^ :.i 
 
 restmed. 
 
 With regard tn the seeimd iiiellmd nf rcsjiiiatipiy cniitiiil, iiaiiich . 'v.-.: 
 tlirnii^di alUTcnt iier\e impulses ..iily a few nf the iiinst niitslaiidiiif,' fad ' :iii 
 lie referred In lure. The nider wnrk seemed tn sIidw llie iiinst impm taut nf ' . -, 
 impulses tn lie liaiismilted tn the center alnnf,' the \aL;iis iier\is and the li\p ir 
 .sis was tnrmulatcd lliat the rate i>i the icspiralnry mnxements depeiids fi 1., 
 mentally nn the fad that Inwards tin- end nf I'adi iiispiratinii an impulse - up 
 liy the disteiitinii nf the aKinli, is traiisiiiilleil t<i the center wlu-ri' it iiihiln 'i:r 
 rliylhimc di-char.t;e and sn hriiij,'- ,,]\ an cNpiratinii. \\ itlmnt these iiispi: '■ 11 
 
1^ 
 
 vV-4_ 
 
 :i! .ilun ..npuUf. iv.p,i;,liM„ ,, ,nu> I, .|nu,, and ,|.r|Mr iImii .,u,,i,,iI, Then- 
 
 . .^muni« MM-^ Ml ivi,|..,uv «lii.l. «.,.- t,, |,.,v^ ,|i:il ih.-r ;>(l.mil Mn|,ul.r. 
 
 .- ..•11 .1^ vllur. .l.nx..,l tn.n. ll... art.nm n.rv.s ,,i ll,.- llinn.cic |.a,i,i... lui' 
 
 , iiik' iiiiiMiil.,1 MUM- ini|,ic-i,,,„, aiv ini|M„lanl i.) Iiamioiii/inj; th,. a.li,„i ,,t 
 
 Hi, >i>|.i.al,,r> nui-oilat.iiv nukh in llu' sinir «aN llial alhrrnt inipuN,-. li 
 
 ■!■ .Nlmnilu- aiv in,|M.rlant ni llic MnihfM- .,| llu' o,in|.licalc.| inti-n.lai a> 
 
 :- I.- nciV-sitA l,,r llir niainUnan.r ,,| ilio riv^l |.,,Mu,v an,| lor l,„ouiMti,,n 
 
 r 1'. ' ItiMillili) and l'n-n\ ' i. 
 
 ilMl llir r.-|,nal.Mv .inl.r i. nillMi'mvd 1,\ ariiniil Mn|.ulM-.- uini'li arc -el 
 - V III.' d.yi.r ,,i diM.nlM.n oi ilu- lun-. iia^ l.cni -liu«„ ni rs|..Tinu'n|. l,y 
 !" I'lMMT, l.ani; an.l Mailo"!/ Tlu- .AiKTiMirnl- witc i„rh,ini,d un .1.- 
 .■•■iMali' cal-. WlifM llic-c anin)al- unv lan-cd In lircallic int.. u idc I,.. if tnl. 
 Ilk |-r<.\idcd uilh l,.,ltl,-. .Mntainmu -u.ja I,,,,,' lu al.~nvl, ,|„- cariM,,, ,li.,Md,. it 
 >* ^ iiMnid ihal llic n-si,nal(n> vohinic iMvanir maiK.dly in. iimmmI ulnlc iIi.tc 
 • ll!! |,i;iftiiall\ un iclniti-.n in tlic iKiv.nla«.- .,| ,,\\y,n m llic ni-iiiivd all 
 '■ v^uU-m;-. fnrni-lr.d l.\ ii'^i-lralHin nl \hv \,,lninc ,,1 M-|Mird air (\<y a 
 *'., I Kni^li -|>ininii'tiT «a- cnnlMiind l.> (iIiM-rvini; llic lp.'lia\ mii- ,,i llir icpira 
 ;-i ■|ii"'ii'iit "t Ilu- .■il\<(.Iar air. Innni'dialclv llif l.rcaliiin.i,' int.. ilu> Inliinn 
 \> i. -larlcd ihc (|nMii,in ihm' i-nn-id.Tal.i> . M,nu-linic- tn 2.0, in<iualni- tiial (.'( » 
 '"■'■' '"'"^J "■■'■'Ih''1 "lit „i ilu' lil.Mid liy Ihc mmv liiMiunyli \ rniilalion ui t\w 
 .i^..'ll. Wlu-n till- at'-- a! ua- allnucd in liifatlu' in nnNicK- air ayain tiit- l.rt-alli 
 .:;. '-pnal.ny vnlnnu .|niikl> i.lMrncd 1.. tji,' n.ninal and llic r.--|.iralmy (inc. 
 ■':.' Ii'll In ;i \*'iy !nu l,\cl ^linunii,' llial ilu- I.I.hmI «a- nn« lakint; u\> lliV t"( ) 
 
 li ' :d In.l. 
 
 rin- c'N-ii.Tinicnl r-call- ilu- .-\|.i-ri,-iu-.- .,i" .-m-iv ,,n<- wli,, ha- incd t.. Im-allu- 
 In^uj^li Uiliinj; inln a -pirunu-lcr ,.r ^m- al>-ui-l>in,- apparatn-; a i-cVtaiii (lo,!,'rir ol 
 'I'.piipiU'a is alwax- -t-1 np wliicli i- n-ually allrilmu-d tn a oniscinu- scum- nl' 
 '"'■I ''11' 111"' l'nrt-),'nin!,' nh-i-rv aliniis -Jmu clearly ilial the rcai'linii i- 
 rid.|n-ndi'ni lit' Ilu- iiij^ju-r a-nttr> and llial il niii-1 lie |nm-ly icllfx llnnu;;li 
 ■111 vr-piialmy lenUT, ilu- alUrtnl -linuihi- ln-inj,' the slate nl distentiun of the 
 'iini:- nr tlinra\. The stiniiiliis whiih i-seites the hyperpnea nia\- |ier>ist in- 
 ■Kliiiiuly ur it may siih-ide after a linuv In c;isOs in vvliieli it dne- nnt vnl»iile 
 'I "ill lead In an n\er\i-ntila , i. nf the alvenli and enn-e(|iientlv In a deplelinn 
 'I Hii- free ('( >, nf ihe hinnd (acapnia I. It i- pn—ihle that it i- heeaii-e of ilii-, 
 I'lniliiuin that prnlnii^^eil le-iiiiatinn llininj,'li a k'"^ in;i>k nr into a re^pifatnry 
 .!| I'li.-iliis fre(|iu-nlly iKennie-- nnl.earalile nn aeentint i>i the seii>e of InKlilv dis- 
 < I'll which (le\elnpv i ina>k --lalenos). 
 
 l-.llll.KK.KAI'H V 
 
 I!.:' ;.irn-. J. S. CI. l'oiiKla~. l.'. •'... |)u- IvcKiilatii'ii ilir .\tni\iiu: liiiiii McilmIu-u. l-ri;clMi 
 
 .1 l'll>Mnl.. I'JIJ. J. 0.K 
 ■^ • K. \\. \m. Jmir. I'liyjiol,, l'>17, xliv. lOd, 
 1 1 f.- 1. WiKiiii. and Cniiiu-ll . Iliiil.. l"'l". xliii. M>7. 
 '> '■ \< W.: Il)i(l, mx. .\ivi. 
 
 I' I H : Pnic. .\m. riiyMcl. Soc, ,\iiril. l')l'). 
 
 I nl.\. \\. M., and IU-rr\. !•. (!. : .\.n. jciur. I'hysiol., 191,i. xxxvii, 43.i. 
 i r, Lois; Lang, K. S. ; and Madeod. .1. .1. K. I'ruc. Am. I'hvsiol. Soc, .\i)ril. 191V. 
 
 — / J K M. 
 
'■•mr "t 
 
 WMSA 
 
 LNI\ERS1TY OV lOKON TO STl'Ultb 
 
 Phvsiological Sbkiek 
 
 Vo I ; The structure, inicro-chetnistry and deveiupiiieiii ot 
 nerve-cells, with special reference to their nuclein com- 
 pounds, by F. H. Sion 
 
 2 : On the cytolojfy of non-nucleated organisms, by A. B. 
 MAiALLL'M 
 
 3 : Observations on blood pressure, by R. D. Rudolf. . . 
 
 4 : The chemistry of wheat gluten, by G. G. Nasmith. . . 
 
 5 : The palaeochemistry of the ocean, by A. B. Macallcm 
 6 : The absorption of fat in the intestine, by G. E. Wilson 
 
 7 : The distribution of fat, chlorides, phosphates, potassium 
 and iron in striated muscle, by Mal'd L. Menten 
 
 8 : Surface tension and vital phenomena, by A. B. Macalll-.m 
 
 y : On the distribution of potassium in renal cells, by 
 C. P. Brou N 
 
 id; On the probable nature of the substance promoting 
 growth in young animals, by Cammir Flnk and A. Bruce 
 Macalli'm 
 
 1 1 : The comparative value of lard and butter in growth, 
 
 by Casimir Flnk and A. Brice Macalllm 
 
 12 : The action of yeast fractions on the growth of rats, by 
 
 Casimir Flnk and A. Bruce Macallum 
 
 1,1 : A new conception of the glomerular function, by^ 
 T. G. Brodie 
 
 On changes in the glomeruli and tubules of the 
 kidney accompanying activity, by T. G. Brodie and J. J. 
 Mackenzie ' 
 
 14: Further observations on the differential action of\ 
 adrenalin, by Frank A. Hartman and Lois McPhedran 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 N'o. 
 
 0.50 
 
 0-75 
 0.75 
 0.50 
 0.25 
 0.50 
 
 0.J5 
 1.00 
 
 o.as 
 0.35 
 0.35 
 
 "1 
 
 15: The mechanism for vasodilatation from adrenalin, byj °'5° 
 
 Frank A. Hart.ma.n and Lois McPhedran Fraser I 
 
 16 : Adrenalin vasodilator mechanisms in the cat at different 
 ages, by Frank A. Hartman and Leslie G. Kilborn. . . . 
 17: Location of the adrenalin vasodilator mechanisms, by 
 Frank A. Hartman, L. G. Kilborn and Lois Fraser.. 
 18: Vascular changes produced by adrenalin in vertebrates, 
 by Frank A. Hartman, Leslie G. Kilborn and Ross S. 
 Lang 
 
 o.as 
 o.as 
 
 19: Simplified gas analysis, by J. J. R. Macleod 
 
 20: Adrenalin vasodilator mechanisms, by Frank A., 
 Hartman, Leslie G. Kilborn and Lois Fraser. . . I 
 
 0.25 
 o.as 
 
 21 : Constriction from adrenalin acting upon sympathetic} 
 and dorsal root gangHa, by Fiaxk A. Hartman, Leslib 
 
 0.50 
 
 G. Kilborn and Lois Frasbr 
 
No. a: l! spoiituiieLiii> di-velopineiit ol an aciJo".!* condition 
 
 in decerebrate cats, by J.J. \i. M \i i.Kiin <>..' 
 
 No. I,?: The diai,'iiosis of acidosis, by J. |. R. M.\i i.i.oi) o j 
 
 No. J4: Siniplilicd gas aii.ilysis, by J. J. U. M.ui.i.oi) o -■ 
 
 No. 25: Observations on decerebrate cats, by Lois Fraser, K. 
 
 S. Lam; and J. J. R. M aclkok o j 
 
 No. 26: Death produced by tyinj,' the adrenal veins, by K. A. 
 
 Hartman and VV. E. Bi.atz o.j 
 
 No. 27: Action ot .Adrenalin on the spleen, by F. A. Hart VAN 
 
 and Ross S. Lant. o .' 
 
 No. 28: The action of .Adrenalin on the kidney, by Frank A. 
 
 Haktman and Ross S. Lang 0..> 
 
 No. 29: Some recent work on the control of the respiratory 
 
 centre, by J. J. R. Macleou "-?•