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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen9ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaTtra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, salon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte it des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clichi, 11 est film6 A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 s ]a\V,N OF A NEW EMPIRE. r, > 1 4 .' DAWN or A NEW EMPIRE, BKING 1. REPLT TO BEMAfiK8 im THE Vmmm PEDmTM Of Tin FROVllliOSS, Bl' A XOIi-SCOTlAN." To-morrow is not ours. BY A BEltlSH AMERICAN. HALIFAX, N. S., PRINTED BY MACNAB & SHAFFER, 1864. t ■\ */ • i- /■ \ / / M ■!•».':■;./■.,. ^ :; i-!! i^,.-!. {,'; ,,.^,,S .W:-\ „i;,., vlf I '. ! ■ *• A ;i .:.^i .L ^. ,..": it;;::; ■ '.< .Y:. , J f M.S.',:.! . r w «. .(. ■SKHHI «IIMMM MS REPLY . TO "REMARKS UPON THE PROPOSED FEDERATION OF THE PROVINCES." Theri5 is a class of persons in the good city of ITaHfax, who, though not distinguished for, or laying claim to a know- ledge of ix)litical economy, have never been wanting in desire to control public measures, ftora behind the scenes. Many of these gentlemen, who have hitherto had nothing to oppose to Colonial Union — now that our public men, laying aside their party quarrels, vie with generous and commendable rivalry, in putting into practice the theories which have been maturing for over a quarter of a centuiy — now these men have suddenly bethought themselves, with Prince Malcom, to " confound all unit}' on earth." A writer, who calls himself "A Nova Scotian," has lately, in a brochure of sixteen pages, entitled *' Remarks npon the proposed Federation of the Fi*ovinces," whether designedly or accidentally, become the mouth-piece of these persons ; and kindling with enthusiasm he has, «fter the fashion of "Farini," *'Dr. O'Leary," and the "Ethiopian Minstrels," pressed posters into his service which, on every old wall in tlie city, proclaim that his anti-union opinions are for sale by the bibliopolists. v v* (Htn. ; ; • •, -i The writer commences and concludes his anonymous pamphlet by disclaiming dishonest motive, and vigorously protesting patriotism — patriotism, to use his own words, *' from a Nova Scotian point of view." Ler^ving it to those who may be induced to read the "Remarks" to say whe- ther fallacies and sneei*s are not clumsily concealed on DAWN OF A NEW OmiCK. % evei-y paj^c, and without pausing to protest whether my I>atrlotie heart is bursting, I olfer this anonymous reply — as anonymous productions ought to go — for what it if» intrinsically worth, and I have no doubt the public will accept both these pamphlets, without enquiring — for it is none of their business — whetlier either or both are inspired by spotless patriots or selfish politicians, by immaculate saints or paid partisans,^ — whether they are by dillerent authors or b^' an identical i)en. The arguments hitherto advanced in fivvor of British American unity are reduced by ''A Nova Hcotian" to four *' reasons," which he proceeds, in order, to demolish. *' 1st. Mutual Defence. " 2nd. Rapid growth of Commerce. " 3rd. Inter-colonial Railway. *' 4th. National Importance." It is not for me to complain that the arguments in favor of "Federation" are not fairly stated, t give "A Nova 8cotian" his own way, and assume that he has fairly stated the case. My duty — and I do not even say that I am in favor of the "proposed Federation" — my duty is simply to dissect these objections. First. — It is said that Federation wiU not promote de- fence, because " a Federal Government cannot suddenly magnify the number of able bodied men." The word " sud- denly " may be struck out as surplusage : and the answer is that Immigration is one of the great ends of the proposed Federal Government — an end which it may fairly be assum- ed, the combined energies of all ilie talent, experience and resotiivces of the difl'erent provinces will be much more likely to secure, than can be hoped for, while each province is developing a scheme of its own. The experience of every day ti*ansactions — as well before as since the day of iEsop and his bundle of withs — and the bistoiy of nations*, favors thi» view, and the onits iwohmidi remains on those who undertake the task — the magnitude of which this " Nova Scotian " fails to appreciate. liut it is not ne- cessary to use the argument of increasing the number of able bodied men, and I pass it by for the present. The grand object in the way of defence, which a centi-al gpverii- I»AWN 0» A NEW F.MPIKk:. niC'iit seeiires, [h tliroii^li the power to ruovo niul cor.trol tlu* Ml)le l)(Hii»'()V< innent to niov(! their '• aide Ixjdied njen," when the war broke ont, and Huppose each had declare*!, in the words of this Nova Scotian, that it hud 'Mio men to spare to inarch" to the point of dantjer, or hv i^dsc all dispJited the direction of the p(»int of danj>er, how lon<»; would the nuKcd South he in subduinj^ the whole country. Is not political union a vital stren|j!:th in war*' AN e are finther told " that wo have no men to spare to assist Canada ; " and that ^^ Canaua would not send a nian juae." And then this tlexiloqUvMit '•'• Nova Scotiuji," with sin«5ular luniinousness, adds: '^ Of course we would all do our best to hel[) one another shouhl any dilHculty ari«»," Mark, '' wo have no men to spare Canada," and ** Canaila will not send a man here" ; but ^^ of course" we shall all help one another, (J, of course! '"A Nova Scotian" has iw)t an idea in his head to spare to assist the Canadian auti- luiionist, and the anti-unionist (cannot sparie an idea to help *' Nova Scotian." \\\\t "'of course " they will do their best to help one another. Marvellous reciprocity ! Then, " 4. defensive alliauiwi woidd ha quite as etticacious," we are told, as the pro[)oscd federation. Our author sets out to iiunihilate the uniou schenje ; he opens his artillery on the argument of defence^ and be tore he has wasted a thimble full of ink, he juetually admits i\m priiK-iplo of federation as far as tijii qyestioa oi *' detibuce " is involvetl* . ;>/ > ASerowd.-^Federation, it is said, will not increase tho Conmierce of Nova Scotia j because we do not now manu- lacture for Caijada, and because the nineteeu Federal mern- bers from Nova iScotia cannot prevent the 07ie hundred and sevanty-tive from the other provinces from ruining our trade to enrich (Janacia. " WliAt do we manufacture that Canada would take from us?" is a specimen of tlie catechetical straw we have to blow away. *' A Nova Scotian " com- plains that none of our delegates were sutlicieutly acquaint^ ed with oyr commerce to answer that question. There is no one, we say en passant^ better acquainted with our Commerce than most of these men who have made it the study of their lives. Jt is too tnje that we do wot jxow c DAWN OV A JfHW EMPIRE. nmnufHotnrr, ri)r Canftdji, or for any other million hodiod conHnmcr, Imi lormod, Mitiiiitrd nnd sn|)|)li('(l ns we are by the great liand of tlie Maker for niunufjir'turing, is it any- thing to kindle onr pride that our poiitieianH have built walls of ugly stoneH luuned tariti's, to prevent the spread and " growth of Conunerce." I'nless the wheels of Nature are turned backward, it is irrevocable that we HritiHh Aine- rieans, in Acadia, must become a iK)werful nianriacturing people. Our coal and minerals and our line water comnui- jiication will ensure us that nnich : and the day will cxnne when no part of the continent will be able to compete with us. liook at this beautiful blade T carry in my waistcoat pocket. It costs nothing for Birmingham to im|)ort the scrap of iron from which that la nmde. J^ook at the fine texture of this cloth. It cost the merest tritle to carry the raw material to Manchester. But you would not carry the Coal to the Iron or the Cotton. Besides we are of the hardy race of the North; And manufacturers like " em- pire comes from the North." Though labor rates at five or six cents i)er man per day in India, India sends raw cott(jn, across thousands of miles of treacherous dreary seas, to the foggy islands of Britain to be woven into fabric and carried back in ships to be worn in India. Cot- ton producing America does the same. Where Coal is in abundance, near the broad ocean;highvvay, thither will throng swift ships to bring the raw material, and hence will they speed to distribute the manufactured article around the globe. Our carrying facilities are naturally perhaps the best in the world. These of themselves — to say nothing of our marvellous Fisheries — if we may judge by Holland and Venice, which, with this sole power of carrying, in the past, became fabulously rich — these of themselves when developed will make us prosperous and illustrious. How will they be developed ? It is an axiom of Political economy that population always follows capital. Just as capital increases or de- creases the experience of all history, and the dictates of reason, show that population will increase or decrease. Does Political economy teach us also how we are to pro- cure capital ? '• A more perfect knowledge of the country — says an able writer who sums up the learning of the chiefs in the science of political economy — and more per« DAWN (U A NENV FMl'IIIt. foot rm)Jitlp)i<'r i\\ its pro'^pcrit^' (limiiiish tlio uinvillinsiiioss of porsoiis ill older ooimtiios to loan, und iionoj* oapiuil from {il)ro!i(l truiy he proemcd with ^loiitor fjicility." Ja'I lis tiioii li.'ivo II ooimlry whicii may hv hnotcn and lot uh 8001U0 coiilidonoo by pn^por means of defence^ und capital limy 1)0 prooiircd in ubiindnnce at a low rate of interest. Aro wo not informed by ovory mail that our pro>inoial sotMisitios tiiiotnato in the liritish market with llio prospoots of Fedoralion — ri.so with tlio hopes of a })ohli('al union, und .sink with doubt or despair of I'nion? Wo know already, beyond doubt, that the vampire of a war debt is suokinj? the life out of the manufaotorios in the iioiphborint;; ropublie. A steadily risin<^, direct tax on mannfaetured articles, steadily brinp;ing up the i)ric(!s, is already tlrivinjir ootton, shoe, su the appeal to the sword. There are leally no fears that we shall be driven into the sea b}' federation. .,..,, . , , .> Third.-^It It* denied that the Intercolonial railwaj' is impossible without federation. This writer says that the railway will be of more importance to Canada than to us, and it must come even without federation. I take the money offer voted by Canada to be the measure of Cana-» dian desire for that road. This vote was much less per head than was voted by Nova Scotia. But Canada with- drew from negotiations and refused to assist in building the road. Every year, as the power of Uer vast west m^ hWHM T DAWN OF A NEW JMPIKE. creases, the prospect of the success of the project would wane. Has she not n shorter and cheaper road to the ocean for commerce ? And I have heard it denied that the road is of the strength of a single bayonet, as a military defence for Canada. " A Nova Scotian " a<.lmits that the '' road will greatly beneP.t this province " ; but he asserts without even a rag of reason or argument that Canada is more eager for it than we are. There is no doubt that her eminert statesmen, looking far down the mture, with that kind of solicitude which prompts wise men to act for pos- terity, desire to secure an outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. The Canadian people are entirely apathetic, however. ]f we may be permitted to describe a future, with Canada a seperate people, outgrowing her present greater ratio of in- crease, as she promises to do, and attaining magnificent proportions in the interior of the continent, she may then indeed " make use " of Acadia to gain the sea. We know how Prussia is tempted to laj' a threateiiing hand on the Oldenburg territory to gain a fine outlet tp the North Sea, and we have an Austria imprisoned in the centre of Europe violating the rich and fertile province of Venetia to touch the head of the Adriatic. We have already offered to pay seven twenty-fourths of the cash cost of the road. Now we can have it by paying one thirteenth, and we are told for- sooth that Canada desires to victimize us. To-morrow it may be too late, and our children may verily be left the A'ictims of the great inland people whose watchword is pro- Fourth. — We are told that the status to l>e acquired by British American Union goes for nothing. Though now we stand nowhere among tlje nations, and though the one hundred and fifty millions of annual trade and twelve millions of tons of shipping which, united, we shall claim, will place us ut once among the third rate powers of the earth, this pamphleteer sneers at '* ideas of size and gran- deur " as " Utopian," and bids us put aside visions of a national greatness, and all we are to acquire both in the way of gain and glory, by assuming a national attitude, as foolish dreaming ; and all he has to say to sustain his ano- nymous advice is that " it remains to l>e shown how the increase of our {x>pulatiou will be more rapid, or how oxix I, ! 10 DAWN OF A NEW EMPIRE. : \ w i i '■I if ,, :« !i il ideas will be expanded by exchanging our present posi- tion." 1 have already said that as we exist, instead of uniting the thoughts and energies and resources of these colonies, to stimulate Immigration, we have been busied in .concocting separate party schemes — schemes which, as A^ell where Immigration was the pretext as where Defence, i Commerce or Railroads was, have been more effectual in u-opitiating place hunters and securing tenure of office •ihan in attracting the surplus millions of the old world. ''t will be in violation of ail experience if, when the united nergies and intellects of the men ^ ho hold paltry sway '0-day in these scattered fragments of territory come to be .'xercised in a wider arena, before the eyes of the world, in the great tasks which await them, there does not follow, as sureTy ao a heavy harvest follows good tillage, or blossoms and fruit follow sun and showers, both "a more rapid in- crease of population " and " an expansion of ideas," not by any means to be t^'eated by sneers and the narrow talk by which a hogshead of molasses or a quintal of codfish changes hands. Give us the *' size and grandeur " which unionists demand, let our isame be entered on the list of nations, and how long will the world remain uninfluenced by us, or we by the world, unknown, unhonored and un- ;ung, as we are, to day, save and except the echo which the report of the Quebec Conierence has awakened in France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain and over this Conti- nent. The streams of emigration — the tens of thousands of busy hands and active brains, crowded out of Europe, seeking homes under other skies will assuredly pass us by, so long as it remains unknown that we have an acre of soil, a mine, a mile of fishing sea coast, or a ship timber — much less all the arts, appliances and refinements of civil- ized life. " The next best thing to being born in the old country is to be born in a British province" says this Nova Scotian, and he is not ashamed to post handbills offering that opinion for sale in Halifax. I say " it is devoutly to be hoped " the time is not fui off when this kind of talk shall cease among the freemen of British America. The next best thing ! If the man who wrote that actually be " a Nova Scotian " he is unworthy of the name. That man is a fawning sycophant to whom it does not seem, even now, DAWN OF A NKW KMPIUK. 11 to be an equally good thing to bo born here, in this broad, goodly British America of ours as in any other part of the habitable globe. If " Federation " will give us a healthier, manlier independence than some " Nova Scotians " seem to enjoy, in the name of Heaven, let \is have it — and at once. Acadians desire to leave no such miserable heritage to their children — though legacies of wealth were attached to such a leek eating condition — as *'next best" place for their children to be born in. Every man's country is the best to him and his, forever, if he have the spirit of mau- lineos in him. Crede quod habes^ jt habes. Putting aside the enquiry as to what may seem best, or *' next best," the question now is can wc in }\onor cling longer to the apron-strings. Has not our pupillarity slip- ped awaj^ The presi which makes and unmakes the advisers of the Sovereign of England has told us, in lan- guage now no longer to be mistaken, that we ought to be ashamed to overtax the sinews of the mother country. Calls entreaties, threats — every species of abjuration, known to the English tongue, to prepare for our own de- fence in case a rupture should occur between the cabinets of St. James and Washington, are ringing in the ears of every thoughtful British American. The press which makes and unmakes the President of the United States and his wars, tells us in pretty plain speech, that we shall be torn from the crown of England, as a punishment for al- leged violation, on the part of Great Britain, of interna- tional comity. On the one shore of the Atlantic the cry is that we shall be attacked ; on the other shore it is that we must learn to defend ourselves. This invitation to defend ourselves is a generous, liberal, and significant invitation from a great but overtaxed empire to her rising colonies, to assume the national garb. Justice and benevolence, says Professor Wayland — a high authority — are the cheapest and most honorable defence of nations. But will our Jus- tice and Benevolence, though admitted by the United States, avail us anything while we remain a colony, with no voice in imperial councils, yet with all the responsibili- ties and the dangers of Imperial mistakes ? It seems that we have to apologize for our very existence. How long shall we remain begging pardon of all flesh for being in the world? How long?