'535- '^«'*'^ : >7<^>3->^93 
 
 ILLUSTRATHI) 
 
 QUEI3EC, 
 
 rill' Ollirultur and Tiiiirlsts' Mtcca of Amerlcai 
 
 rxDi'.K 1m<]:ncii \.\i) I'A'c.i.isii (\cri'.\Nc\- 
 
 THK ST<)1^•^' Oh' IIS l'%\.\»OliS ANNAI.iS; 
 
 Willi 1'i:n I'uri ki> iii:-.cknTivi-. m- riir; ma ii iii,i;s-^ ni:.\ir\- and (UAiNr mi-;iii i;\ai, i.'iiak aiti kihtio m- riii-: 
 
 CANADIAN GIBRALTAR, - 
 
 II \ < ;. M. Al <,\ M. 
 
 Wint AN In imiiiri' I in\ ii\ Auriitu i'. IXMi.iiiV M A . anj) SriTi.nMl n i ahv Ch \i'ri:K-. lis J. M I.i.miiini:. I- K.S.C. 
 
 ^1 — '•■ 1 — 
 
 1 
 
 SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLEHS 1 
 IN CANADA. 
 
 I'llll.lSH':!) liv 
 
 JOHN McCONNIFF. 
 
 I'NioN 'I'k-ki:! A(,i;nt. 
 Ol 1 ICK RiiTINliA. WlNI>-iiK llnri;i., MilNrKI'lAI,. 
 
 f 
 
 DtSBARATS A. CO., 
 ENGRAVERS PRINTERS AND PUBLISHEHS 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 tUTEHID, »l COWIMNQ TO ACT 0» PAHLIUMENT OP C*S*D«, i ■» TmJ vEUR I8'Jl, Bt JOHN MCCONSHf , »r THE DtlJlMtMENT Of ^ (ICUl TuHE, QTHAA 
 
 :-<;,i^ 
 
 

 ■■■rwiiirw' ' 
 
 ■ip^iftti^.'ir^'^.r'"'^i'i'''n'i,^r' 
 
 • I * I * < I ' 
 
IN ^R()I)lC'^()l^»^^ 
 
 llv Ak Nil II ( , I Im r.ir r i ^ MA. 
 
 Tn .ill I. Ill (•ricllll- . I" lIK.'.r »1\.. ilw, 11 
 
 SiTiiii' ill Minili'i I'iLiiliI 
 
 'I'll iilil MllcIilT, wllii^f ylnlious I.UIU 
 
 l-'i'W i-itii's (it til (i;iy i;m i liiiiii- 
 tji I HI I. ' I'mnI. I'h'miiI Mini In lli-, 
 I'lHi.l IIM. mil |ifii ^liall till III 'I'lu-iv 
 
 lllSTliWie fillJllX'. 
 
 CIIA M I'l.AIN. 
 
 X Ur' c<iiili.iiii)l:iti()ii (if lliL' luaU'lilfhS ikiikh aiiKi sprcail (iiil under a Canadian 
 sk\-, llu.' \'ari(.(l ami uiu't.a>in.iL; lovcliiu-NS of nalnn.- l)a^s^.'^ lii-t'iiK.- llu' t,'>-e like 
 stiiiiL' \a.sl train oi' nR-lenric siilciulonr, (.'ncliantiiii; llic iiiiai;inatitin with its laauly 
 and ^raiKkur. It 's trui.' chat the field is lieiiii; j;radnally naiKiwi'd hy the 
 onward march of jiro.^ress and iiu'eiilinn which ha-, done iiiuch to des])oil the 
 lieanties of the past, and we may somctiiu.s wish that wc could hear the 
 murmur of tlu' j^eiitle rivulet where the etiL^iiic now tears on its mad career, 
 that we could listen to the sont; of the peasant liuy weiidini; his wa\' homeward 
 ill >lreets that ari' now the centres of lius\' conmiene. 'I'hc domain ol' our fair 
 Dominion, howe\er, is so liroad, that on either h.ind we may find a lavish 
 displav of Nature's art, unadorned 1)\- the heedless hand of man. lint civilization 
 wliile robhinj,' us of some few natural charms often L;ives somethini; in return : 
 the e\'tnts which followed in its train have .niveii to us an historic past, in which 
 deeds of heroism and valor stand out conspicuoush-. .\round the ipiaint <ild city 
 of Ouehcc, the cradle of Canada, is gathered nuich of what has eiiiiohleil her. 
 
llcrc sliroiiilid in tlk- iVaino work of ;iii (jntiaiiciiig laiulscapt- arc- llic spots coiisL-crati-'d 1»\ llic lives 
 and (Iratlis of lur uiiilliii.s. 
 
 (Jiuluc seems to have heeii speeiallv foniied hy Xatiire for the important part assjj^Mied to lier in tlie 
 ihama on tlii> eontiiieiit. Deeds of heroism, of relijjious ftrvoiir, of ol)Stinate defence, are her jjride, lier natural 
 eomplemeiit. Perched iipon a oimmandin^ eminence, whicli rises in ijrandeiir and strenj^th from its watery hed, 
 it forms a fittin<; nuiiioriai, a'> well .is the siiitr\' of Canada and the ke\stone (>f an empire that has past. 
 
 That pristine k1'">' when, from its rnuiLied laij^ht, the eye co ild take in a honii.lless stretch of nnso- 
 phisticated nature, while "C.uada, as a virgin ,i;oddess in a ])rime\Ml world, walked in unconscious luauty 
 auioiig her i^oldeii woods and aloiii; the mari^in of lur tr.ickless strt.am^," has dep.irled, hut wlio would 
 haiter e\eu tlujse j;(>rj;eous scenes for the j-a^es inscribed in letters of gold in tlie ann;ils of (Jnehec ? 
 
 I'ull I if glowing memories is the ancient city which hinds ns together so .strongly with the ])ast. 
 Religions zeal, martial and na\al conihat, the ])olitician's wiles. Old World refinement. New World harharity, 
 each furnish a tint, liright or soiuluc, to the ])icturi' <>f ils iufancw 
 
 Coiupiesl. change of rule, mode' ii progress, ha\e left tluir impress u])on thei-. (luaint old Onehec, 
 since the tlays of th>' nohle founder Champlain. Startling scenes ha\e been enacted within thy staunch 
 l)astions. ()iice the silver toned X'esper hell and the solemn chant of white rohetl priest, was dr<iwiied in 
 the deafening roar of tannon and the bursting of murderous shell upon the Heights of Abraham ; oiu'e in 
 the gra\ dawn of a Sej)tember moin, the hearts of two of the noblest sons of iMance and ICrgland were 
 flushed with the assurance of victnry, but before the setting of the sun. the verdure of thy pleasuit fields, 
 red with the blood of illnstri(jus dead, bore silent token to the truth, that — 
 
 " TIr' path iif .ylory k'.'nls l)iil lo tlie j^riive. " 
 
 It needs no jien to tell the glory of their death, no song to rescue their deeds froin the dark obli\'ion 
 of a tearless grav. Silently, morn and eve, in noonday heat, in biting frost, that granite column in the 
 
(i()\ (.riior's j;;U(Uii iM)iiils alnft its tiiij^Lr to tlic .sky, It-UiiiH «>l' "Wollt.' .iml Muntralm " \'ani|iiislRi ami vaii- 
 ((uislatl lie sik-nt in tlif tonili, Imt tlivir naiiK-s are linked to^^ctlier, bonml in a wivalli i>|' indiNsnlnhU' kI'")'- 
 
 "Sum l,ii-lir\ iD.i ifiuin, ft iiicnii'iii inortali.i t.iiij^iiiit." 
 
 Ciiaui^ed, ami not i'hanj;L"J is old (Jnchec. 'I'luTi- is >till a nioii' iiolitil cliaiMi iliaii llv nicnioiv of 
 
 what she lias lieen, in llie I'act tliat niiuli remains 
 to-day, as when the ivents which lia\e innnoit,di/ed 
 here Were hein^ worked out. 
 
 Iniiiosin.i; in the mai,;iiirK'i nee ol' its sitn.ition, 
 
 eaplixatini; in its |)iclnres(|neness, and elassie in its 
 
 memories, Ouehee has no riv.d in the New World, 
 
 Mneh has been told, in piost and \erse, ol the 
 
 i;ranihiess of the \'iew tVoni the Cit.idel, in the Imist- 
 
 in.v; ol" the s])rin^tide. of the daz/linu; slum o|' the 
 
 noonday heat, of the matehkss lines of aulnnuial lints; 
 
 Imt snrely the \iews of smnmer have nevir ec-lipsed 
 
 the pietine piesented to onr \ision one clear nioicdi^ht 
 
 niL;hl in j.innary, I,(>okin.i; down ficmi the .i;iddy 
 
 heii;hts on to the tops of the houses tnmhled toi;ether 
 
 in wild ine(m.L;rnit\ , with here and there a li.i^ht llash- 
 
 inu; from a window, or the red i;laix' of a sto\ e indicat- 
 
 ^' i"'i-''\''' j,,o t],;,t ;iii was life .and cheer within, we c(jnld not 
 
 lielj) eon Ira St in.!:; it with the summer ])ictnre. How shari) the eontiasl' The bosom of the nn'i^htv ri\'er 
 
 held f.isl in the j^iasp of icy' winter, th .• cil\- luished in the silence of tin- nij;ht, and, o\er all, rich and 
 
v-'N .- 
 
 jKinr, hut lit i);il;ui\ tiiupk' or Kit, was cast tin.' ^-imtlis-' mantle cpI siinw Tlir L;l(irii)iis laiiil-capr tliat 
 j{liul<liiuil nui e\is at liaivi'sl liail ilimiud its wiiitir ^arl), ami iaitv mol ami laiu'. iwrv tree- airl siiiiil) 
 slirDudcd in \v\- ctivuRiits, wliirli im liniiiaii liaml or artiliic idiiM imitate, loiimd in the silver li,L;hl of 
 the niDon a ])ieture df fairy IIIsl- inaKnifu enee. 
 
 'i'lu' (ihjeel ol' this little \v<>ik is In >.et lieliire the tnuiisl ami the stiulinl, Ihipse natural ami arliluial 
 heiuities, whii'li aif selihun lonud in j;rc;iler i)r<)rnsi()ii llian in the ( il\ <>! (juehee and its inunediatc 
 vieiuit> . and U> pre^-eul him with a vnluuie llial may prove reliaMe as a j^iiide or aeceptahk- as a souvenir. 
 
 liut enoui;li. ( nr task is done. In these few words have we 
 inliodnced thee, eurious old (juehec to till' Modem Reader ; leav- 
 iu^ thy iVownin^ liattleinents and winding; streets of <|uaiiil j^ahles 
 piiAadi-d with the historic- atmosphere of departed eeiituries to 
 s]ieak to him of da\s tor ever past of da>s when alleriiati hojie 
 and (Ksjiair filled tlu' breasts of th> hrave ])ioueers as tlie>' lieioi- 
 eall> stru,L;>;led a.i;ainsl hostile ll'.ets and savaj^e foes without, and 
 liilin;4 famine and wastini; distress within, tnislini; mainly to lh>- 
 ma,i;tiifiet-nt slreiii^lh tor vietorv and llu' empire of a .i^reat eonliiRUt; ol' da\s wliieli erowiied " thv cler.i^v- 
 and sisterliood.s with the aureole of mart\rdoin," the i-uerdon of whose labors is the consummation of 
 lej^islative and scholastie iiilliu'iu'e which has rolled onward owr \asl ]ir, dries and inland seas to the i;reat 
 sunset oc' an ; of days whith nurtured thy offspriui; lor tlie inoud j)ositiou awaiting: them in the " ( )lyui])Us 
 of Nations " -of da\s. the .i;lor\ of which based upon the p!ineii)les of eternal tiiilli, will siirvi\e loii;^ 
 after th\- foundations lie criiinblin,n in the dust. 
 
 M M< n 1.1 11 IIIU I'.K. 
 
 ■■ (Jiiaiiil (ilil liiwii cif toil Mini liMllic, 
 (jiiaiiit iilil liiwii (if iirl and smi),;, 
 
 " Meiiiiuies li.iiilil thy piiiiiU'd X'd'les,' 
 Nolile dl.■L•ll.^ .inniiid tlicc tliniiig. 
 
ILIA s'ru\\'ri:i) ol i:ni:c. 
 
 (;i;m:k.\i. asitxts (U' tiii: ciiv, 
 
 Ni )\\'II I'.lsl'. "ii tlu' idiitiiuut 111' tin- Ww Woiiil Ikis Naliiit- ilmif lU'^if Ini- ;m\ cily tlian slu- 
 lor (jiuliic. It'- in.'iirslii' ^ilualinii aiiil iiiai villous scenic uuiioiiiiuul cummaiids utiivt-T^-al ai 
 ' Well may Jacinas Cailici'-. pilot have cxclaiincd "niKl hcc '" ' what a licak < as he first jookid upon 
 ini; forest coxeied hei.:^ht, 
 tlioiii;h we niu>t lie caiit'ul 
 not to receive ihc' Xornian 
 sailor's ])hrase as the ac- 
 cri'dited e\])lanation of the 
 oiii;in of the term "'.Jne- 
 l)ec." <)nl\- lUidellHri; 
 in (lerniany, Sterling and 
 Ivlinbnr^Mi in Scotland, 
 and I'',lirenlireilsein on tlu- 
 Kliine, o'iser\'es a wiiter, 
 can contend with (Jueliec 
 for grandeur of situation 
 
 and nolile beauty. l'".ven these granil historic sites can hardly 
 with justice he compared to the "Canadian (iihraltar." Tliis, 
 indeed, is alTirnied, with remarkable unanimity, by every visitor 
 
 ha-- done 
 miration, 
 its trown- 
 
to till' :itili(|iii' City. 'PIr' iiovi-list, 
 Chalks DicUciis, lliiis speaks nf the pic- 
 tiirisi|uc' lifaiit.v and iiisturii- interest of 
 <JiuliLr: " 'I'iir iiii|iR'Ssi()ii left upon 
 llic visitor, liy lliis (iihialtar of Anurira, 
 its niilii\ hiiy;lit. its Citadel, slis])iiided 
 as it \seiv in mid air, its iMctiin sipie 
 ■'t'/ep streets and frowning gateways, and 
 the splendid view which hnrsts upon the 
 eye at every ttnii, is at onee nni(|ne ami 
 iasliii;;. it is .1 plaei' not to lie forgotten 
 or mixed np in the mind with othei 
 places, or altered for a monuiit in the 
 crowd of scenes which ;i tiavclKr lan 
 iiii lumh I. cm(.«> recall Ajiart fioni tlie realities of this 
 
 most iiiclurc-iiiic cit\', there are associations that would make a desert rich in in- 
 terest The d.in^erous precipii'es ahitii; which Wdlfe and his hravi' companions 
 climlnd to .iL;lor> : the Plains ot .Mu.iham, ulure he received his mortal wound ; 
 the fill tress so chi\ahdusly defendetl Kv Monti aim, and his soldier ,L;ni\e, dun 
 for him while > et alive 1)\- the hurslinj; of a shell, are not least amont; them. 
 
 J. M. I.eMoine, the historian, whose works have dune more than any 
 iither to pertieluate the nuniorv of the pii turesiiue old city, thus sjjcaks in 
 an aildress of welcome, to the . Iii/i lin'H . I\<i'(/ii//i>>/ lot llir I'l <iiii'/ii>n ol Siiiim , 
 on a rei-ent visit to ( Miehec ; 
 
X0 
 
 
 ~'1^i^c-^^^lccK, .'^rcps.' 
 
" Tlic auniils of tliis \';isl (lLi«L-ii(l(.-iK'y <jf liritaiii, wliicli wt- arc inoiul to call our conuti)', vaster lalii 
 in extent tlian tin- tciritorv of \(itir prospLTons ropuhiic, arc dixitkd into two distinct parts : 
 'I'lu- first cciUnr>- and a half — i6ci,S to i75() -rci)rcscnts the iMvnch domination. 
 
 Tlion^h totall\' alien in its aims and aspiiations from the .■•ucceedin^ jjorlion, it has nevertheless for 
 (Jucliec an I'Spccial charm, most endearinj;' memories. It was the fruitfnl era of early discoveiy, mis- 
 siiinar\- /cal and heroism, \vealth\- t'ur ti'adini; companies, -shall we call them monopolies,^ incessant wars 
 with the ferocions ahorij^ines and sani;uinary raids into the adjoiniii},^ iiritish |.ro\inces. When the 
 (()lon\ expanded, an eidari;ed colonial outfit rei|nired more jiowerful mac-hinery, more direct inter\ention 
 it' the {•'reiich monarc-li : a Koval (iovernnunt in lOh;,, -to sa\'e and consolidate the cnml)er>ome 
 system liascd on the Sei,L;nioi ial 'reinire in land : a mild firm of fendalism implanti'd, at 
 (Jneliec, li\- Richelieu. It would take me I'ar lie\-ond the limits I ha\'e ])rescril)ed to myself. 
 I to unravel the tani;led weh of early colonial rule or misrule, which until the con- 
 (piest li\- I'liitiiin, in 1751), llourished, under the lil\ hamier of the lionrlions, on \cinder 
 sublime clilT, Let us revert then, to that haunted dreamland of the ]iast ; let u> 
 t;lance at a jjcriod anterior to the f mndatiou of Jamestown, in I'm;, even much anterior 
 to the foundation of St. Au,i,nistine, in Morida. 
 
 ( In the north hank of the River St. Charles, about a mile from its entrance. 
 
 Jac(|Ues Cartier wintered in i,s;,5- What a difference in the tonnai;e of the 
 
 .' ,. , arrivals from sea, in .September, is"o: the "(iraude Ilermine," 120 
 
 -J tons; the "Petite Hennine," On tons; the " hanerillon," 411 tons, 
 
 4 ■' 
 
 Were 
 
 
 
 -T \11(\\ W IK IM Will II s 
 nVI Til rill lllli,i|l> 
 111 AllkAIIA.M 
 
 ■ and, in Aut;ust iSho, Captain N'ine Hall's leviathan, the "(ireat 
 
 7^1 Ivastern," of pj,,so(i tons '. What terror the shippins; news that mornin:.v 
 
 ^^ ^ ,^^ y |/ of Seiitcmber, 15,15. must have caused to swarthy Donnacona, the 
 
 V^^,W . iif'"''4'"r '' '-'lii'-lt'ii" of the Indian i Ircxpiois or Huron ?j town of vStadacona I the 
 
 ■ ■If' 
 
 ':; 
 
 
 10 
 
 
liisl wiu't,' of t'liix i.i^ii in\-asiiiii had Mii.md 
 riiiiud tla- Imliaii \vii;\vanis wliicli linc(l tln' 
 nortlkiii (l(.rli\'il\- nt' tlir plaUau (Hi uliirli 
 (jut.l)ir now stands i liclwcLii IIcipi.' ()aW and 
 tlic Cntcan Stu. (■|(.iR\ic\i.- 1 ! < tf coiirsi' vmi 
 aic a'.vatc lliis was not L'aitit.r'> fir>l visit to 
 llic land ol till' niiitli ; liis keel had. in 15.M, 
 fnirdWi-d tin- lianks nf Ntwlnnnilland and its 
 I'ttinal r(iL;s ; in 1541 _•, he had wintiifd a 
 li.'\\ niik'- hi,L;hir than we imw an.- at Cap 
 l\(>n,i;i.' west of (Jn(.l>t.c. Then there (uenis 
 in iiiir annals nl' luiidpean settKnient, a i^aji 
 dl' nidie than half a eeiitniv. No traee. nor 
 deseeiulants on Canadian soil, oi Jaii|nrs 
 l.'arlier's a<lventnrons eoniiades. The wheel 
 of lime levoh'i-s ; on a sunnmr da\-, • 3rd Jnlv, 
 i''(),S'. the \-enerated lonndi-r of (Jnelier Sanniel de Chaniplain ei|nally fanions as an explorer, a di>- 
 co\erer a .ueoj^raplier, a dauntless leader, and what to us. I thiid'; iinnii'a>ural)l\' sni)erior. a ( lod learini;. 
 Christian (ien.tleinan with his hard\' little l!and of Xo'-nian artit'u'ers, soldiers and farmers, amidst the 
 oak and nia])le i^roves ol the lower town, laid the corner stone ol the "Ahitation " or residence, so 
 pleasantly, so .L^rajihicallv descrilied liy \onr illn^trions I'onntiyn'An, i'arkman and Ilowells. 
 
 Lailie> and ,L;entlemen, mine must he a brief discoiu'se ; if, instead of juiintiuL;' out to mhi the iiis- 
 torical spni>, now hroii.^ht under \-our notice in the course of oiu" excursion, it were my lot to a<ldress, 
 as a Canadian annalist, such an appreciati\e audience as I see here, what gk)wiug jiictures of soldiei-like 
 
 Kt I M'l I. an; 
 
 ri-UK Ml , 1 Hi<\i I 111 
 
 12 
 
l'Kll\INl.lM 1-.\KI.I.\M1-.N r l;l IIJUNC,^ 
 
 13 
 
(liiiiii,!^, of Cliiistiim i-iulurancf. nf lu'inic self sacrifice', could lie smuiiiniKil iVnin the pregnant i>ai;cs nf 
 Chaiiiplaiirs jiiiinial ami iVom that i|iiainl i(.]H)-,iiui y ol' Canadian lnic the /w /<///.'//> of the Jesuits? you 
 would, oi I am nnich mistaken, In.' dee])l\ nio\ed with the story of the trials, siit'ierin.i^s, and unrei|Uited 
 de\'otion to iduutr\'. ol the deni/ens ol this old rock: Nour lie.irt would warm towards lliat picUnes(HK' 
 pronioutorv '.oiuetimes, seeuiini^ly dear lo sunn\- ohl l'"rance, ( )ne would he teuqiled occasionally to for- 
 j;iw the cruel deverlion of her ofis]irin;; in it- hour of supreme trial. 
 
 h'rom the wondi of a distant ]iast, would come forth a tale of deadl>', thou;^h not hopeless strui;>jles 
 with sava;;e or ci\ili/ed foes, a tale hairowinj;, not liowever (le\-oid of uselul le-sons. The narrative 
 woidd lieconie darker, more drear\', when to the cruelty of Indian foemeu would he added, as oft was the 
 CISC, the horrors ot' a tamiui-, or the pitiless severity ol a northern winter. .\ transient L;leaui ol -uushine 
 Would li.i;hl uj) the canvass when jierchancc, the s;euius of a 'I'alon. the wi-doni of a Collierl. or liie 
 martial spirit of a l''roulenac succeeded in awakeniui; a faint '.'anadian echo on the hanks of the Seine. 
 In those wiudiu:;, narrow, une\'en streets, tile forcst-a\'en:ies of de Montiua^iiv and de TracN , which now 
 re-onnd to no other sounds Imt the din of toil and traffic, _\ ou would meet .1 nuirti.il arra\- of fearless, 
 
 .!L;a\ cavaliers, and ])lumed warriors, Inirrv ini; to the citv hattle- 
 ments to rejiel the maramlerini; savai;e, or the foe from old 
 or Xew h'.n.^land, efprdlv ohjects of dread. h'rom the \-ery 
 ~ deck of this steamer, with the wand ol the historian von 
 could conjure the thrillinj.;- sjiectacle of powerful lleets. in 
 I'lji), in ifuji). and in i75<(, anchored at the \erv s]iot which 
 we now cross, helchin.n forth shot and shell on tlii' sturdv oM 
 fortress, or else, watch llotillas of hirch hark canoes l.ideu 
 with lithe, tatoed. ]>ainted warriors laiidinv; on that ere lieatli, 
 hearing peace offerings to great Onoiitliio, \'aried, indeed. 
 
 ■ftK. 
 
 Cap.f^o'uge "- ' "! 
 
 14 
 
w.iuld lie tlir i>aii(irama wiiiih liistoiy woulil tnin.Il. I'inally, \in\ niij-lil caM a ^laiuc <>n thai (•iu>liin.^ 
 1 U'l of SiiilciiiliLT, 175.). wliirli (.lost-d tlit- ini^iaiit of I'lviich rule on our shores, when all iIk- i)aUi()liMn 
 (.r the vdiiuaiirv kad liy the Canadian i;(ii/i/slu>;:ni!, s the de I.onKUeiiii, de \'aii(heuil, de Deanjeu. de 
 St, Ours, Me la XaudiCre, etc., wns jiowerless ai;aiii^t the rapacity and profli^^icy of Higot. and his fellow 
 
 plunderers and i)arasiles . . . 
 '■'hese were truly the dark 
 daysof the colony under l''rench 
 rule ; a j;linipse of the doini;s 
 in those limes sulhces to ex- 
 plain why I'rench Canada, des- 
 erted li\- iM'ance, hetraved hy 
 ^onie of her o\\ n sons, ai'ce])led 
 so readily, as a Jail anoDipli, 
 the new ret;iine ; why, havinj; 
 once Nworn teall\- to the new 
 lianner implanted on our cita- 
 del hy the j^ejiius of a Chatham, 
 it closed its ear and steeled its 
 heart even ai^ainst the hland- 
 i.-^hments of the l)rave, i^cnerons 
 Lafayette, held out in the name 
 of that i;rand old patriot and 
 father of your country, (icor.ne 
 \\'ashinj;ton." 
 
 \11-,\V IkoM TUK FOKTlllC.\llu.\n, .NJ-.AR si. i.ul 1:, cAn.. 
 
 16 
 
I'.liul Waii.uitiiii, IIr' ^iUud aiillior of "'riic Crescent ami tlir Cross," lias also kit us a t'lianniii.n 
 wonlpitliiri.- (!(.s(ii])livc of llu' .mMicrai teatiircs cf (jiuhcT on an autumn mnruiu-. ''rake" he- writes, 
 "mountain and plain, sinuous river and l.road, tran(|uil w.iters, stately sliij) and tiny boat. K^Mitle liill and 
 sliady valley, liold lieadland and rieli, fruitl'ul lields, iVownin,!; battlement and clieerl'ul villa, j;liltering d(,me 
 and rural s])ire, llowery 
 j;arden and somhie forest, 
 -group them all into the 
 choieest ]>ic-ture of ideal 
 beauty \dur I'aiicv ean ere 
 ate, arch it over with a 
 cloudless skv, lii;ht it u]) 
 with a radiant sun, ami, 
 lest tile sheen be too daz- 
 zling-. haii,n a veil (if lighted 
 haze over all, to soften the 
 lines .and ])erfect the re 
 ])osc, yiiu will then ha\e 
 seen Ouebec on tliis Seji- 
 tember morning," \ot less 
 ilelightful is the picture 
 limned for us liy Mr, 1 law- 
 kins, the early historian of 
 the fair cit\-. and in his day 
 one III its most impassioned 
 
 K\M'l. M.ll-.l' WHsl l.i>l l--i,,\|l-. 
 
 17 
 

 ailinircrs. 'iMic skilcli, likt- iliat of 
 
 Mr. Waihurtoii. cohiiulIrihIs llie 
 
 wliolf licaulirul ])annrania. ■'I'Ir' 
 
 scenic lic-auty of (Jiulici-. 
 
 Hawkins ohscix cs, 
 
 "lias l)citi the tlicnic 
 
 of i;ciiiral cii1(il;\-. 
 
 The niajc-^tic aiM'car- 
 
 ancc of Ca])r Dia- 
 
 niDUii and llic Initi 
 
 li 
 
 iiDun aim iiH' mill- i i ' .D y» • ' 
 H'ations ; llK- cujin J ^''i^*-' ; 
 
 h 
 
 /,'"* 
 
 ^aa!jpi 
 
 
 ■.J0' i^' '^iW^^P^^p^^ 
 
 las and niinaiils. like those of 
 
 an l'".aslern cit\ , Ma/inj; and 
 
 >liarklin^ in the -nn : tlie l()\-e- 
 
 liiiesN of the panorama ; theuohle 
 
 hasin, like a sheet of pnre silver, 
 
 in wiiich nii,i;ht ride with safety 
 
 a hnndred '•ail of the line ; the 
 
 t;iacelnl nieanderini; of the i\i\er 
 
 St. Charle> : the nnincrons \il- 
 
 laL;e spiri'S on eitln'r side ot the 
 
 St. I. iwrenie ; the fertile fields, 
 
 tied with inminurahle colta,i;es, 
 
 the abodes of a rich and moral peasantry ; 
 
 thedi>taiit i'.ilN oi' Monliiiorenri : the park like seeiiere 
 
 of I'oint l,e\is; the lieauteoiis isle of t )rlean> ; and, more 
 
 distant still, the frownin;; Cape 'roiirniente, and the lofty 
 
 
 m i^i^*^' 
 
 ^BM^^W. 
 
 ''^^ Zi' '^'' e T' - KAM...M -Ki Kill - ranj;e of purple iiionntaiiis of the iiio>t pieturesiiiie lorins 
 
 vV^ ^pi.t^JjR-"^!. wliieli lioiind the ]iros])eet. unite to form a i.'/i/^ </'ir/7. whii'h, without e\ai;^era- 
 
 
 tV ■ '''#!■' iT; ') .''JAml'^ tioii. is scarcely to he sur]iassed in any part of the world." 
 
 I r' '•"^"■^{iv.'T -rf I M.inv of the more iiot.dile descriptions of ()uelKe. natnr.allv eiioiis^h, deal 
 
 ■^ '((i'\ ', 'si:'' ,'.'SfT-"'''.'i! \\il'i il"' historic asjiects, and t-hiUly with those curious jiliases o| the city that 
 
 §^^1% \ S'l'lTi ■/ recall a li\e-.i;oue a.i^e. Mr. C.oldwiii Smith relers to it ;is a surviving offset of 
 r.^-*»K.Q.\ W/'** r''' lli^' l"rauce of the li.inrhoiis, cut off lix coiiipiest from the niolher country and her 
 ui7||j4*"^ revolutions. Its character has been perpetuated l>y isolation, like the form of an 
 
 IS 
 
19 
 
:mtitlilin iau aiiiiiial jiumtv 
 t-i! ill .sihiiian itv. " ■•(JiifliL'i- 
 ami MniilRal," tlu- same 
 w litii n marks, " aii.' the 
 Diilv lii-.t(iiir c'ilii-'s 111 thf 
 ' )iiiiiiiiii)ii, and (Jiiclici" alnm.- 
 ntaiiis its liisidiit' asjifct. 
 l''.\(.ii ill <Jiuln,r llarc an- in 
 iIk- way 111' liuililiii.i;s Imt 
 sraiity ii-iiiiiaiits of llii.' liinii 
 l)(>ii (lays, r.nt tin.' Cilaikl 
 llif pri/L' (it liatllc li(.t\\ri.ii 
 till' races, ilu- kt.y and lliroiii' 
 (i| (.niiiiri', still irouds iIk- 
 Kick wliirli stands a niajeslif 
 wank-r at tlu- jMntal <it' tlir 
 I I'l'i-r St. l.awrc'iRv ; and 
 the city with its narrow, 
 stcfj) and ciookc-d streets, 
 croiuliin- under its ;^'ardian fortress, recalls an ai^e of military force and fear in contiasl to the cities of 
 the \ew World, with their iiroad and straight ..treet.s spreading out freelv in the .security of imlustrial 
 l.e.iee, " The late Henry W ard lieecher ha.s also written inlereslin^ly of llie place, as a relit- ol the inediuval 
 era, untouched hy the ediiyin^ rush of modern jiroj-ress. "Curious old Ouehec I" he writes, "ol all the 
 cities of the eoiitinenl of America the most iiuaint I It is a i>eak thickly jxipulated ' .\ i;it;autic rock, 
 
 cii.\'ii;.\r 
 
 3(> 
 
i«.c:iiliiil, nluliiiK'l, iiii'l. .it tlu' Sinn 
 
 tnilr. ^'lUiKilliiil iilf tn llcild til llllv nil 
 
 it^ Miimiiit till liiiiisi-N ami caNtlvs, 
 altliciUL;!!, aiKiiiliiii; ic tin (ndiiiaiy 
 law-' i>| iiiatttr, i1k\- nu;;lit to tall nil 
 liki' a IuikKii phui.-d nii a caiiuT-^ 
 
 f 
 
 ';^?3^ 
 
 hack willnmt a la■^t^.•lliIl;^. N'ct tin- 
 li(iUM.'> aii'l (■a>tlc-- lidlil then' as il 
 tln.\ wtri- naikd dnwii. At the iimt 
 111' tlu' Kick xiiiic feci <it' land ha\c 
 liicii icilaiincd IVdiii tl.c livcr, ami 
 thai is lor the streets of the i.ower 
 'rowil. ' Hiehec is a dried sliixil ol the 
 
 i.wAi. I M\i:i<snv. 
 
Middk' A-1-, ImiiK lip^li u]. luai llu' Nnilli l'..k- l.ii iH.m \\k- 1k;iU'I1 Inu-ks 
 
 <>l tin.' I'.UM.i.Liiii l.iuiists a rminsii:. svillmul |..inillil on tlii^ si'lu ul the 
 
 .avail. Wu lnivtrM.ll lach .sUtvl as \vi' would liaw ImiR.l iIk' kavvs ul" a 
 
 l.ndk of fiinra\iiii;s, n.iilaiiiiiiK a new i),iiiitiii« on (.adi paijf. 
 
 ■riic loi'alitv oiij^ht to hv MMiiinilously iircMiwd aiili'iiK'. \x\ iiindrtii i>io-r>>s 
 
 l,r raifii-d cNlwIku ' WlKii (jiuIkc has lakiii lilt-- pains to k" ^""l l'^'''^'' 
 
 hci^cir away ui. mai lln.l>ous Hay. it would l.r c-nud and unlittiu- to daiv 
 
 to liaia^s Ikt with ikw idias, and to sprak of .loiuj; away with llu' narrow 
 
 iid tortuous >lrLvt> that chariu all tr,iVflKi>. in ordi-r to ^vk couforinity 
 
 ilh tlK faiitastii' i(ka-> of foiufort in voi;uc in the niiutciuth i.«.iitiir\ ." 
 
 Nor have Caua.lian writvis failed to pav at tlii» seat of aneieiit doiniuioii 
 
 tlie homage which il extorts from visitors from olli<a laiuN \'ery el.Kiueiit 
 
 have Keen the trilmt^s luid \>\ iuan\- of them, for few have approached the 
 
 uratid old stnried rock without emotiiui. or l.eeii iuseusil.le to the stirrnii; 
 
 nllueiices incited l>y its ^„ *v_ f, 
 
 ]iosiii(iii and history. Here j^ .ff"^,?^^ ^ .- * -._^ ^ 
 
 is an a])ostroiilie from the Liracefiil pen ^^»'^\f^'Si J;~>''' 
 
 ai 
 wi 
 
 Little Chsmpldln-S;. 
 
 of the lail\ who writes under the familiar .-• ,,j^ 
 )/,vi/ ,/, f'/t/i/h- >>i ■■ I'idelis"; "(Juehee \ ■^S^j 
 
 the sjiot whelr llle most retlUed civil- __ . " • ; ' 
 
 i/atioii of llie (il.l W'oild lii>t touched 
 tile barli.iric wildiiess of the New is also the 
 spot wliere the lar.uesl share of the picture'-iiue 
 and romantic eUiueiit has -athered round the out- 
 
I'llLUS'Hrt'tUgiJ Elite'' L'«*rtS.llHt&'-J'Oll. 
 
 A \ii-;\v III MiKAMKiii A I ui'Ncii >i "I'l'i, iM I'! \ r IN iiii-: i.ri.i- in >i' i.\\\ ki-.nl'I-: 
 
 HI ^1 U'l\ 111 r.\ KKll.AIill.K Ml'KKAV, 1 H. 1 Ai. II I 1 1 111 1. 1. MUM. Well. II'. lull IIIAI ri'KPu^l-. lUnM IIII- 11 X \ ' il '.S^'I'l. 
 
■««■**»{■, 
 
 liiKs ofa ,<;iaii(l Ui(iul;1i i ii'^,l;i--i1 natuiv. It wniilil 
 SL'L'iii as il lli'isc (.ailv lit-roo, thi.' Ilnwcr oi 
 l''ratic(.-'s chivalrx', who cdiKiiKivti a new {•ouiitry 
 iVnin a sava.i;^ cliinalc and a Navai^c ratw hail 
 iiiiprtssfd the Ratiuv^ of Ihcir natioiiahtv on 
 tliis roc-k foitrcss forcwf. May (JirOjit ahvavs 
 R-laiii its iMc-iK'h i(hosyiK'rar\' '. 'I'lic sliadt-'-^ ot its 
 lira\-f louiulers claim lhi> aN Iheir iii;ht. l'v(nu 
 Chaniiilain ami ],a\al down to \K- IaHIs and 
 Montcalm, Ihcv dcsci\c this nioiuuncnl to their 
 clTorts to laiild nj) and jir'scivc a \c\v I'"rancc in 
 tills \\\--tcrn wmld : and Wolfe torone wonld not 
 have i;indi;ed that the memor\- of his gallant fi'c 
 ■'lionld here he closely entwined with his own. 
 All who know the valne of the mim^lin.L;" ol" 
 divers elements in enrichinu; national life, will 
 rejoice in the ])n.si.-rvation anion;,;' ns ol a dis- 
 tinctly I'rench element, lilendiiii;- harmoniously 
 in oiir Canadian natiiiii;ilit\-. 'S.ixon and Celt 
 and Xorman are we ;' an<l we ma\' well be proud 
 of haviniL;' within our Imrders a ' New h'rance ' as 
 well as a 'C.reater Ilrilain." " 
 
 " Imai^ination," /'/(A/.'.v cdiitinues, "could 
 hardl\- have devised a iiohUr portal to the Domi 
 
 iil.l) I'KIMJuTT (..^ri-;. 
 
ny ' ".*- 
 
 WR'X. . •* 
 
 
 ''':-^'?f'. 
 
 A \ II W 111 I . \'l'l-. 1. \N 
 
 I Hi- I U1.M.11 ; 
 
 .1.11 l.l.Ml.N 1 islli 
 IN i:i^. Drui 
 
 Ml --I [.I'l N III I r.i ^. 
 
 M. I 111 Sl.W "1 1111 
 
 1 1 II 11-11 1111 II 
 
 Ul I 1-11 1 l.l. 1 I IN 
 
 > I HI 
 \\ \^ I 
 
 I .1 1.1 I i| - I lAU KI.Xi. I, 
 
 I>1 - 1 Kn\ 111 l;\ 
 1 M-K M U mil 
 
 I.IM KM. 
 Kl.-lliI- II 
 
 \\ oj I 1. Al 1 1 K 
 M Mil ll'M -I .IN 
 
 1 111-: -rum. Mil K 
 I III. l;l \i II 
 
 (11 i.ciri-iiiii i<i 
 
uidii lliaii tin- niilc-wide --trait, on oik- nIiIi- of wliirli iIm.- tin.- <;ic'(.ii 
 lK-i.s;lit> of I.cxi^, and on llii.- otlu-r tin.- liold, alnnpl ontlints of Cajic 
 l»ianion(I. To ilu- iiavtllLT from ihv ( >1(1 World wlio Inst drops 
 ar.>.lior nndi-r tlioM.- dark loi'ks and frowning; rani])arts, tin.- o'///) d' ail 
 nursi prtM-Mil an ini;)r(.s>ive front i>i)ii.-n.' to \\w muc-ad NolnnR-. ■•■ •'■ 
 I.ookini; at Oni.'l)LH' fusi from tlu- opiiositc Irji^IUs of I,e\'is, and llii-n 
 ])a>sin,^ slowly across from slioix' to slion-, the >lrikin.i; iValnrcs of tin.- 
 city and -its smroundim;s t'omc j;radnall\- into view, in a manner 
 (lonl)l\ cniliantin.n if it liai)]).'ns to lie a soft. niiNt\ .--nmmer morninv;. 
 At first, the dim. lin^e mass o|' the rock and Citadel seemiiit;lv mie 
 ^rand forlifuMlion ali>orI)> the attention. Then the details come ont, 
 one after anotliir. The firm lines of ramiiarl and liastion, tlie shelvint; 
 outlines ol the rock. i)nfferiii Teirace witli it> li,i;hl ii.ixilioiis. the Auy^- 
 of Mountain Hill the (wand Uattery, tlie coiispii iions jjile of l,aval 
 I "niversily. the dark serried mass of lioiises clnsterin<; aloiii:; the fool of 
 the rock, and ri>in,<;" i;radiiall\- uji the >;entler incline into whii'h these 
 fdl awa_\-, the hnsy (iua\>, the lari;i.- ]ia--si-n.i;er hoats steaming in and 
 ont from their wiiarves, all impress the >tran.L;er with the most distinct 
 i\e as])^ils of Ouehec before he lands." 
 
 Hut we mn--t coiielnde these extracts hom writers who treat 
 chietly of scenic Ouehec. What h.i.-. lieeii left unpaid will, no doiilit. he 
 readily supplied perha]>s even what has l>een said will lie not less 
 delightfully --nli--titnte<l hy the impressions of tlie individual visitor. 
 \'el, ]iowe\er ier\ent m,i\' he tin- eiithiisia'-m of those who come to ])av 
 
 iioi'i-; nil, I.. 
 
 26 
 
'i*l.%^-, 
 
 
 ^m 
 
 J} 
 
 hP)T B. CAt- 
 
 A \II-:\V 111 Till-; lAl.I, 111 Ml IN TMuKI Ni N AM) I' 1 1 1 , ATIAL'K MAUI-; V.\ 1. 1 -M: K A I. \\( II, I'l-I 
 UN nil' I HI- Ni li IN IKI-Nl MMI N l>. NIAK KI.AT I'l IK r , « II II T II I; i . Kl. N A 111 I KS Ol till A1(M\ ON llll l-llll III.S. I7 
 
lliMll;iL;r at llll- ^-lllilU- ni till- IlliltclllrSS ril\ , lloW ^llMlt III tlU' 
 
 !^li)i\- (it tin.- n.,ilil\' will III- till.- I'diu i|iliiiti tmiiKil in tin- 
 iniiiil til' (.Niii llic iiiosl arck-ut inilonkcr. I'.iil lnNiiit.> tin.- 
 liicUnfxnK- ln.aiit> , h<i\v full (if iiu-inciriis is the (|naint nM 
 lilacL- ' I)isc()VLT(,-'l li> C'arlirr ihrit- hninlird and fiftv \imis 
 a,u;(i. jnuiiili-'d li>- L'liaiiiplain tliri.'i.- <|iiait(.rs nf a t\-nlur\- 
 1 ilL-r, lliL- jtlaiv still invscrvcs the traditions ami maintains 
 niiu'li ol" till' civil and ifli^idus (~liarac'tfr (if that carl\- tinu'. 
 Till.- t'nr trade, it is tini-. li.is disnp]n.-arL'd. ami with it Ilk- 
 Indian Irajip^'r and wnndsinan : Imt llic- l''n-ncli ratx- ninains 
 and lldiirislK-s, and with it tliu Miiiln.r Chunli and the 
 c-ci'lfsiastRal system uliic-li I'tmnded and rean-d tlie ('.allio 
 eiildiiy. .\<ir has the ' s^reat red rdek." tlmn-h shnin dl' its 
 Irixs and their niany-tinled fdjia^e. Idst mneh dl its oM 
 tinu- character. Since the da\ s dl' L'arliir and Donnacdiia, 
 it has taken on a militar\' asp-jct, and hd'n its ridwiiini; 
 Idrtificatiiins k'umtenac driied and Mnntcalm snccnmlied td 
 an enemy : hut its scenic asi)ecls are still i;randly the same, 
 hjiduiini; also is much <it the /eahnis ecclesiastical life lor 
 which the tlu-ociatii- cit\ has i-'.-en noted. 'rhdn^;h tinie 
 .uid the elements lia\'e wion-^lit their rava.^es in the immn 
 nieiits df the .lui/iii /\'(i;/iih\ in which Oiieliec alioiinds. not 
 .i lew df the did landin irks remain which an- assuciated 
 with the ad\entnr<ius \-ears of the -e\enlei nth centiirw 
 
 Ndl Nl, HAM I-, ills \ lcrdlK!.;s. 
 
 28 
 
'I'liDM,' lli:il liaw pa^Mil :i\va\ liaw kli lluir Kunantir liisb.ry, winle iIk- hiiildiii.:^-' Ia uliiili lluv li ivc 
 ln.-i.li njilacMl si^Mk i--vi.-r ini|in.'-si\ ily ol llKir vd\\y asv >riatiniis. TIk' IikmI a.miiiuaiy lias Ik-h- a p(.iiiliail\ 
 villi Ikld r.ii" his R-scari'li. 'I'Ii.isl- at all tamiliar with tlu' IiisKuA nf Hr- plaiv will turn with spcrial 
 iiitci\si to those n.liis ot a 1i\.,l;oir- tiim-, < )iu-, ami. in-ihaps, tlu- I'liicl" of tln.-sf, is {Uv clinnh ralkd 
 .\','/i, />,/;//, t/,s l'/,/,<ii,:^. Imilt on ;1k' sUr of Chainpl liii's .U'il'il/\<ii (A iji,,l>::. \\\\W\\ stands oii thr uiavkrl- 
 l)Iac.' of till' l.ouLi Town. .Xnothci is iIk- nasilua. IomihtIv known as the Cathedral of Notre- Dame. 
 'I'liis ehuich, whuh \\ is 
 eonseeiated li\ I'ishop 
 I, i\ al in I oo^.. was des- 
 troyed hy W'olles liatle- 
 rie.s at the CtiM(|nes;, Imi 
 relmill tlureal'ti.'r. ( )ther 
 relies there are thai dale 
 Voni the i>eiiod of the ' ^.. *'-''"...— i 
 
 Si ^ 
 
 I'ji,i,^lish oeenpalioii, 
 uhii'h are Inll of tlu 
 traditions of tlml stirrinj; 
 i-ra. \ot a lew of these, 
 sni'h as the aneiiiil i;ates 
 ol' the eite, Iia\-e yielded 
 to till' neetssities ol a 
 laUr i-ieili/ation. and 
 been replu ed hy nioiU rn 
 stnulures, liapiiilv' pie 
 
 ■L:.2^-'^- '#8 
 
 eisidM iior^iv 
 
 29 
 
scT\'in:4. iKiUfWi , iiiiu'li 111 lluii iiiikiiu- iinlitarv rli.n.uli-r. To IIum' tin.- iw nl tlir \isit(ii will 
 lif ih.iwn ;i-^ Will .1^ to (illui plaii'^ i>[ tioirUdrllix' iiitiic---l •^luli .is iIk' Sniiiiiiiv ol < »iKl)i-t', I.:i\';il 
 riii\iisil>', till.' rr~-iiliiK- (^'iiiiwnt. aii'l tlu- lir>lLll>it.n Cniixi'iit ami II<i->]iilal. 'I'Ik-i-' will ncall tn the 
 liistoiical Ntuik-nt. imt (inl\- thf I'laiUf uf tlic' lioiirlmii'-. Imt a Canada wliirli was oiux- her cliii i^hed 
 iiiilitaiv and eluiical iiiit]in>t. Uiil ])iihap~- thi' iliii,-!' atliaitioii, I'cir at k-ast tla- i;ii.;li>li ^piakiiiL; tiuiri>l, 
 will \k- llu- sic-iKS raimuis in Hr- annals ol' l!iiti->h innwx-^s, the I'laiiiN ol' Ahrahaiii. \\'<illi' s C'uN'f, the 
 L'itadel and iani]>arts, with thi' iiia;^nilirent ]iainiiania spiead mil to \iew lioni the Kiiii^'s i!,'-non. There is 
 haidlv in the world a i;iandii outlook than that iVoin the Kiiii;'s Ilastioii, or from the teira<-e liehiw. the 
 la\iirile ludiiieiiadt.' ol the citi/eii'-. I'loin I'itlui poiiit iiia\ he M-eii the \\liai\i>. the slii|i]iin,L; and the 
 j;leainin,!L; riwr ; tlie i'oilitk'd hhiris ol' I'ointe l.e\i- opposite ; and, off in the (h>taiie(.-, the l.aiirentiaii ]ieak--. 
 with, lU'arer at liaiid. thi' Nle of Hrleaiis, the iiioiith of St CllaIle■^. .and the lieaupoit shore. 
 
 Nor is the \'iew less nieiiioialik' Iroin the iiolik' ii\er lliat l,i\es the leet ol the lair eit\' .iiid s\\(.t..))S 
 oiuvanl to the sea. .\-~ seen t'roin the deck of tin.' oiit.>;oiii;; oeean .sti-.iiiKr, or from the I'ointi- I.eei-- ferr.e, 
 the retrospect to the Cil.idel-rock and tlie hii^hjierclied .ity, i^ sinv;nlarly iiiipie>--i\i.-. With so niai^liitl- 
 ceiit a theatre for action, wdiat wonder thai liia\-e deeds were doin- lufnic tln^ walls of <Jni.'liec, deeds thai 
 liave iniini'rtali/i.tl their ailois .md (.oiisi craleil the sla};e on which tlie\ were wroii.i;ht. 
 
 i_iri;r.i-e iiist(ii.:n' to tiii'. c'<>\(_)ri-:.sr. 
 
 (Jiieliec occiijiies a position which seeiils to ha\'e hei'ii naliirall\ created lor the site ot' a ;,.;reat i.'il>'. 
 l''.veii the Indian- a|iprecialed its advaiilaHe- win n ihey eslahli-hed here the \illa.s;e of Slaihicoiia wilh the 
 instinct ol a dawniiii.', i-ivili/alion. I'.iit it is to the coniiiiandiii;.; j^enin- of Samuel de Chamiil.iin that the 
 city owes its oiii^in. 'I"hi- <;reat man, whose olmracter h.is heeii com]i.iied with that of Juliu- Cii-ar, 
 ipiickle -aw the .greater adxanla^e of settknieiit in C.inada to coloiii/ation in .\cadia. and wisi'ly 
 
 .5" 
 
■ty-. 
 
 # 
 
 
 ■•-'7'->P*v,:'^j«ir..^. 
 
 ^ ^ wlf f f^-' 
 
 ,.vm4^\ 
 
 • r''«j>ri*''' 
 
 t I '*! I . t^_.-•.tU ' 
 
 »t S. t U. t*- ' Mt- ,t r "IS . IM 
 
 A \ii;w 111 (.M'l: kmi (.1 (iK I \Kiii ci-, MM, \iii.i -~ Aiiii\i: iin: i.:]\\ ui- ijii^ma'. 
 
 UN nil. NCIUIII SlIciKl 'i| III!'. klvlK -.1 I \UKIMI IKOM III1-. II \i.K 1 ,■ 'IHILI^IN TKH'il-. \\ nil l.UI \k ■'! \i\\ I I II. ImjUN IIII KH.I.U 
 
 ■ )N IIII I 111: I'l MIH I'l nil. rl.\i.l. Ill l..\Mi|.M,. lilH sl.pn;MMI.K, i-~, 
 
l'<i||(lllillll lll.lt tllilSl' will) 
 
 ciiinnianilt d tlu- St. I,,iw- 
 iiinv uiniltl liuM tlir kvy 
 ol Ciinail:!. In tin- \\:\v 
 
 ll>i >.S lu' l:ii(l tin- I'tillllil I- 
 
 tidiis 111 tin- I'oi trcNs citv iiy 
 Imililiii.i; tlic ■■. l/w/,'//i'// ,/, 
 (>////',! ." oT uliicli Ik- \\.\s 
 li It lis a -.k^trli. li wa> 
 siliiakd in tlic |in>ciU 
 I.nwi r Tiiw-n nn tlu liwr 
 'laiik. ill IIk- (111 IK V w lnu' 
 Xiitii.' I »anu- stici. t iiiii'ls 
 Siiiis li 1m)ii >tivcl, AlUr 
 tlu- luoiiuil^atioii (i| ilir 
 Ivlid of N'aiiti.--. wlu'ii 
 I'laiui- iiijiixt'd a iispitc' 
 y Irmn iili,i;i<iiis wars and 
 I'l iMriUiiiiis, Iliiiiv I\'. 
 liiriU'd his alUiitiiin to 
 loiuiiKirc and cnldni/a- 
 
 tii'U. It ua- ill iiuiMiaiu-v <>( this polirx- tiiat Cliaiii;iliin was sini [,, Canada. 
 
 !!i-|()i\ II till \ l\'.'s day, tin.' cliiif aim uT ixiilmatidii in tlu- N\-\v Wmld was tin- .scandi. il liapiiiK' it iiii-lit 
 
 '"■■ tdiiiid, dl .1 ux-stiin \v.iUr\v.i\ td tlu- < )i it-nt. l-'ailin- iii this, tin n-snlis n\ Cartiii's visits td Stadaoma 
 
 I \ia<Ii_il I, sTKI II IdiiKINi, r(.\\.\K|l IIIAI I'dKI 
 
 32 
 
A \n:\\ Ml iiii. Liiv n! (ji i:!ti\, iiir, cai'II'ai, (U' i.\nai»\ 
 
 I \K I N r \l. I I N 1 |{( 'M IM.IN 1 1 Ipl - il U I" \Mt 1' \U I I.\ »'N h" VKI' I 111 \ W.r \KI> M \N "I \\ \ K US C AIM \IN Hi:H \ 1 \ -M \ I II 
 
.111(1 to lliv Imiiiiii \ illaj;i' liij;lui up llu- iiiij;lit\ ii\(.i, uliiili lu' iianu'l tin.' St. I.awn ihv. wiic- disap- 
 liiiiiuiiv. to ilic r mil of iMaiKL-. NOi \va> UhIr rval's i.'Xi)f(lilii)ii practically iiiori.- riuitlul than tlial ol liis 
 liilotm. iicral. lioth tiitcrpriscs \\\rc iij^ardcd as lailiiivs, ami iMtiuli aihciitiui' cdnkil its cxploialory 
 ardour and ivasL'd lor a time to c-oiitciul in New France aj;ainst a sa\ a>;c people and an arctic winter. 
 l"roin tile jieriod of Carlier's an<l Koherval's expeditions, fnlly fil'ty years elapsed before l-'rance renewed lier 
 efforts to iciloiii/i. the \ew World. Her sui'ces>, measured 1)\- that of Irt liiitish rival, was small. Chainplain, 
 . , the lirst of her real colonizers in New I'"raiue, hail many 
 
 of the elements of j;rcalness in his character ami jiolicy, 
 l>nt at the outset he committed an unfortunate error in 
 arronsini; the i iniiit\- ol' the wailiki' iro(|uois who Ixcaiiie 
 the .-.coiir^;e of till' infant lolonw .\fter la\iii^ at (jueliec 
 the foundation of JMencli dominion in the New W'oild. 
 Ch.im])lain set forth to e\i)lore tlu- countiv. lie unfor- 
 tunately consented to ally himself with the linrons and 
 to assist them in repelliiij; the raids of the Iroquois 
 confederacy . This policN suhjected the JMench colony to 
 h.-iirassiiij; Indian attai'ks for owr a huiidtiil \'ears, and 
 led to the final extirpation of its Huron allies, and to the 
 martyrdom of the Jesuit missionaries anion;; the dusky 
 hraves. IIowe\er. the little colony .>;rew ajiace and (Juehec hade fair to become an important oiitpn^t of 
 the l'"rencli Crown on the American contiiKiil. rnfortnnatelv for the coloiix . iis seeinin,t;l\ brii;lil ])i<is- 
 pecls were luarreil by the outbreak of a war between Immiicc and liritain, and the despatch of an bai.i^lish 
 expedition, under Sir David Kirke, to ca])tnre Ouebec and hold the country. Kirke appeared twice before 
 Onebec, and, on the second occasion i.X.D. i''2i)'. lompelled Chainplain to siiiiemKr thai stroiii;hold, and 
 
 I U I N\ li I AKM- 
 
 34 
 
m 
 
 with il iln> wIimIi" territory of N\'\v I'raiici.'. Thi' I",iis;lisli laid tlif country fur three years, wIkii, In tlie 
 
 jo> of Cliamiilaiii, it was restored to I'raiiee hy tlie Treaty of Saiut-Ciermaiii eii I.aye. lieeoiiiiii^ master 
 
 a^aiii of tlie cnuiilry. Cliaiiii)laiii reiioiililed his effnrts to estal)lisii ImvikIi dominion in llie New W'urld on 
 
 1. stalile hasis, to jiaeify lh<.' dreaded Irminoi-^, ami If) extend ainou^ the fiiendi\ Indian tiilie-> the relij^ion 
 
 of the Cross, But, on Christ 
 
 mas I>ay, if>,vs. this ,t,Meal 
 
 work was ititt'rnijited hy the 
 
 diMlh of Chamidain ; and the 
 
 cojonv moiuneil its founder 
 
 and noMest admini>tralor. 
 
 'IMk' Ilinidred Assoeiate^, a 
 
 <omiian\- of jmlitiial fa\oriles 
 
 who enjoyed a monopoly in 
 
 the fnr trade, maile no stiiou^ 
 
 itlorl to ])eol)li' the cnlonx , 
 
 and the l.diois of Champlain 
 
 were aliiiosi nidlilied. nnlil 
 
 till- eomi>an\ s charier was 
 
 i-aneelled, and the irrule o|" the 
 
 fnr traders j;ave place to an 
 
 administration hy the Crown. 
 
 The dejiloralile condition ol 
 
 the colony had at last won 
 
 sympathy in h'rance, and its 
 
 ■.^xvr. 
 
 '.ituuijjt,^, 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 t0^^ 
 
 ifci 
 
 1 HI, ei r.\iii-,i. A.Mi I .i. KLi-' 
 
 35 
 
I ■• I !-■ \ I \i I 
 

 ;f,-^WP ^; 
 
 ^vvi^'^ 
 
 5 
 
 ^■^(^ 
 
 ••<-' 
 
 ^-^^^ 
 
 ii. 
 
 1*^ ■'. .■" 
 
 
 ■ I \ 1 II I M i; \ i •.!• .\ I I \ ; \I 
 
Ocfetr "'\ 
 
 ', I / 11/' I f 
 
 iniiiisli tlir I'',n,L;ii--li (111 till- SL-aI)( 
 'I'lii^ he iliil li\- liuiii'' dill tliiL-e 
 
 )ai(l I'l 
 M-par 
 
 alTairs wxix' now ]ilacL(l in \\\v liaiuls of a Sui>n.-iiK- C'lHiiuil. ap- 
 piiiiitfd hy tlic kinj;, with a iiuiiihiT (it (irii(,'(.Ts ulio \sx-\x- >liiI out 
 to look alkT its t(.iiipoial and spiriliial wx'll'aif. I'ikUt tliis " roxal 
 i;(ivi.-innu-iit " iIr- (.'(ilonv r(.'\i\(.(l and (Jii(.'liri' (,iit(.TLMl \\\nn\ a jiroud 
 p(.-ri<)d f)f litToic actidii. Willi tin- I'oiiiiii;^ of I'lonti-nac, as nox-i-riior, 
 I'r'IU-Ii adveiitUR- ai^aiii pluiiK-d il-. wiii^, and led hy I, a Salic, (.-x- 
 U-inkMl tin.' ddinain of I'raiu'i.' westward to the Mississipi)i and sotitii- 
 ward to the Ciiilf of Mexico. Ihit liiielwas the respite Iroin war and 
 Indian tiirliuleiu\-. While iM'onteiiae was at the head of the ad- 
 niinistiation. the Indian enemies of h'ranee weie k(.pl in snhjeetion 
 and had a wdiolesonie fear of his name. lint dissension broke out 
 in the CdliiiiN , eaiised li_\' a conlliel of authority, and iMontenae was 
 for a lime recalled to I-'rance. lie wa^ su(.cee(led fn>l h\ M. de la 
 I'.arre, and afterwards hy the MaKpiis de neiioiuille, tin- hitler of 
 whom, hy an act ol jiei fidv, coupled with the iii\'a^ion ot the Seneca 
 coimtr_\-, roused liie litxiiiois once nion.' to iii\ade N\\v I'lanci-. 
 'Pile whole colon\- was now in llie i^ieatest j(.-dp irds , and neu>(^t 
 this r(.■achill.^■ the iiidlher coiinlrw (.'oiml l''iiinleii,ic was t'drlliwith 
 despatched to (Jueliec and reinstated in the .governorship. With 
 I'ldiileiiac's return, New h'rauce once more look heart, lor his 
 acli\X' mind and iinp(.ri()us will inhised new WW and \-i;4or into the 
 achninistraliou. rnliap]iil\' for the i'diintr\', his lirsl act was to 
 r incitiiij;" the rro(|nois to iiKik(.' their fiendish .iltack on the Cdlduv. 
 ale expcdilidUS lo liarr\- the holder selth-iiienls in W'U \'dik, Maine- 
 
r 
 
 T f 
 
 T 
 
 ■•3. ;i 
 
 
 
 ■^:.~'-g0i^mr r^.:fl ; . 
 
 , -i': - v^^*^^- 
 
 
 
 :/:-^.^-.7 »■..- 
 
 '•" n^r"^ 
 
 ilk.- )■■*•- ' 
 
 ."«<*>' j^rfga| 
 
 P ■■;.]*« 
 
 ' .^^^H 
 
 
 ■ ■ I ,■ ^ 
 
 ;a*<i!«i«jriv 
 
 MnNTCAI.M .MAkKir I'l.ACI-, nri~l|ll. > I' 1 1 il I N >, ( , A I' I-', 
 
 39 
 
imd N(.\\ I Iiinp'^lim 'I'lic ;i^>;mlt nii ilu- I''.ii.!4li>li ^L-ttlrtiRMil^ lii()ni;lil it-~ s.nl [,[\v nf ii]tris:il, lui tlic 
 j;ii\Lrniin.iil-' <il N\\\ N'mk and Mas,s;nliUM.-Us or^aiii/cd a ic>nil)iiKil inililarx' and na\'al Lxpfdition lor 
 tla- invasitiii n( Canada. Owinj; lo llu' failnrv of tlic Indian allies ol' tlu' l'",n;^lisli Colonists to join thf 
 fxiK-dition, 11k' niilitarv section of tlu- inxadinj; torcf acconiiilislicd nothius;, hul tlif na\al conti,L;i.nt, undrr 
 Sir William i'liip-^, w ri-st(.'d I'oit Ro> al iVoni tlic iMeMich, and then, sailing tip tla- St. Law ii ikw di.niandi.il 
 llie sinrcndi.r ot <jn(.l)i.c. TIk- licet apin-aivd bit'oio that slron^lKild in ( )^-tol)er, i''u)0. luit the han^hlv 
 iMoiiteiiac was ]iRi>ared lor its coming;. I'hips. elated at his success at i'urt koval. with no little liravado 
 called iiji HI llu' (iii\ernor to surrender. iMduteiiac's answer was to op.n tire on the iiuader's ships and 
 to dri\e olT the assailants. 
 
 riir: ii\\i. st:;i(,(,i.i; n\ tiii-; I'I..\ins oi- \i;i< \ii \m. 
 
 Soon at'ler tin- o]Hnin.iL; of the Sexeii Wars' War, in l'.nroj)e, the l''rench and l{nL;lis]i were soon a;^ain 
 t-onteiidin^ for the i)ri/e of empire in tiie New World. Thniuj;h two je.irs' o])eratioiis. the I''aii;lisli. in 
 North .Ximiica. were without competent leadership, and success rested with the iMench arms. In the striij; 
 i;le the latter were j;reall\ aided !>>■ the ;.4enius and ex])erience of I.oiiis Joseph. .Marqui- de Montcalni. an 
 otVicer who worthily- represented the gallant race from which lie s]iran,i;. Montcalm had the iiniiicihle 
 spirit of a soldier, hut unfortunately for his country, he was ill-suii|)orte(l 1)\ ( )ld I'rance, and his dilTi- 
 culties were increascil 1)\ the maladministration of affairs in the colmiw l»cspite these drawbai-ks, he was 
 lor some \ears tlu- nieaiis of ]>rotractin.< the j;allant slnij;j;Ie in America, and of l)rinj;in,i; inan\ disasters 
 on the luiL^lish arms. I>ut a turn came in the tide of fortune when I'itt, "the .L;reat Mn^lish Commoner," 
 assumed the direction of the war and planned the overthrow of iMeiich power in .\merica. In i7.sS, the 
 l'*renoh met the first of a series of reverses, in the fall of I/uiishours;. at which Wolfe, the mo-t inteiestiiii; 
 fis;ure in the militar\ liistor\- of the time, greatly distins^uished himself, TIk'h followed, in succession, 
 the surrender or ahaiidoiiment of h'ort du (Juesne, in the ( )hi() \'alle\-, I'"roiiten,ic ' Kin.<;ston ' on Lake 
 
 40 
 
(•iil.iiin, Ci.iwi) I'l'im .111(1 'rii()ii'knii;;i, mi \..[kv Chaiii])lain, .iiul finally Xia.nara. With iIum' 
 
 iIk' 1''hik'Ii \vi.ir swi.]!! !iMiii xhv I.iki-s, and I>r-tm\ rlnsvil ill up m Mdntcilin in tlu- list ad i>\ i]w 
 
 the s|>irit(.(l sic^i.- n[ <Jik' 
 
 \kv. W I > iiK'iiaciiiL; to 
 
 tlx' l''u-iuli must have 
 
 \nx\\ llif (■■ .mhiiKil land 
 
 and sc'a Iditl- Wnlii.- 
 
 1u(in,>;lit with him In at- 
 
 ttiniit the raiiliiR' ni the 
 
 all hut iiiiprei^nalile ritw 
 
 Willi Willie, iinw ( ',. IK 
 \a\ (iI the I'lilcts (if tile 
 St. I, aw ier.ee. came hi- 
 111 ii;adie; s Mdr.eklnn. 
 'I'l'W iislu lid and Mm i.i\ 
 and in e. .mm.ind ol tlu 
 lleet Wile .\dmiral- 
 Sanndeis and lln'iiiu'- 
 '1"1k\' appe.ired lulnii 
 IJnelne at the end el 
 June. 1 7=,>). I »isenili.ii k 
 
 iiii; his ai in\ ol 7. > or 
 
 .s.( II .. 1 nun nil the I>U' i>i 
 ( )ile,ins, Imt presintlx 
 
 ■, I! u .11 -; |.iii.\ .~rKia:r, /..\ /a' 1 .i/'A'i'-v i.ikikini, i-;a^t 
 
 disaster- 
 dr. 1111. 1 
 
 41 
 
S'!c^;^?>:"::i>s^' 
 
 
 
 ^mk:''' 
 
 
 i\'*^':' 
 
 or. I.' .^r jiiiiN s I. All:, insidi-; 
 
 (>C(,'U]t\iiiv; a!>(> l''iiiitv I.r\is ami ll'f ia>U'in l)ank ol llic Moiil- 
 nmuiKi Kiwi. Wdlli,- jinnccilcil In \ iru tlic In isUiii,;; liiir of I'lcmli 
 (li.riiKL> aloiijr the Ik'.'iiiport shoiv. and tla- lowciiii}; iv<l-iuck Ibil- 
 ixs.s, iIk' pDssessioii of whioli was lo clian,i;f tlif destiny of tlic 
 lontintiU. Tlu- \()un;; ( 'n.iicial w i-> appallc-d at tin.' InrinidaMi' 
 task 1r' had nndci taken. 'I'o cai)tnrc <Jul'1)ct .scc-nud In him hniic- 
 kss, and tlic coiisciousntss of this, alter inaM\- lon.i; wciks passed 
 in \arions assaults, which ended onl\- in disronifiinie. helped to 
 Inin.v; on a le\ei , which lon.i; prostrated him and weakened liis 
 alread\- enteeliled frame. lint W'olfi.'s luaoie s])irit lemaiiied mi- 
 daunted. The l"renrh vi.^orously maintained the defensive, trustin.n 
 to the seemiui^K' unassailable citadel, the fne helcliiui; halteries 
 which snrronmkd it, and the man\' tortitied canqis disjiosed aloni; 
 the north shore of tlie river from the St. Charles to the Montmo- 
 nnci There was. however, no kick of couraf^f.' in the assailants, 
 h'or months the siej;e was maintained, amid almost incessant can- 
 nonadin.i; Irom tin- h',nv;lish warships. Calamitous was the effei-t of 
 tlu' sie,i;e upon the doomed citw " The huildintjs in the I.ower 
 Town." sa\s a native writer, were soon reduced to ruins, h'ires 
 in the I'lijier Town were of well ]uv.\\ daily oi'currence. ,Si)metiines 
 several liuildini;s were sei.n hla/in.i; at once, ]iresentini; the ap])ear- 
 ance of a vast confla.iLiration. < >n the 17th of Jul\ , and aj;ain on 
 the ii;th. lar.i^e numher.s of buildin.^s were set on firi- 1)\' the shot, 
 and continueil a lom; time IturniniJ, as if the whole cit\- had he- 
 
 42 
 
CdiiK- a i.riy to tiR- tl.iiiR'^. r.elurc IIr- nIc^c riiik-'!, \ui<\\- lliaii Ww liuniln.'(l Imildiiii^s ,vi-iv ili.-slr'iy(.-(l, 
 iiuliiiliii- ]iiivaU' ami |iul)Iic (.■difiix-s. the callR'clral ami (itJR-i phuv-^ <>( wnv^hii). < if iIr- inh il.iiaiUs. thr 
 
 iioii - ci)iiil)attantN, wlm , 
 
 had not ifliiLil licfon.-, 
 ik-d Inv r<.l'iit;i' into liR; i 
 t(miili\', many were | 
 killed and wounded, 
 sliiick li>' lannnn halls, 
 some in til'.- streets and 
 tlioroni;litare>, others 
 within the walls of ',iuli- 
 lie ])laees of resort and 
 prisate dwellins^s. I!y 
 the middle ol' Au,L;nst 
 the eity was virtually 
 destro\ed most ol' its 
 resilient popidaliou ha\- 
 iiiLj \'anislR-d. its jirinei- 
 ])al habitations and idi 
 tii'es in luins. and even 
 tlR' pieees ol ordinance 
 on the ranii>arts for the 
 most part rendered use- 
 less." Another month ^^ 
 
 ,sr rolu s srisiKHs .wn inr; \,\i.i.i-:n' or iin sr en.\K!,r:s, 
 
 43 
 
|i.i'~sL(l, :i niMiitli u| llnitk■^^ ( I'Imi I on llii- ]),iit m| x\\^^ ;is-..nl. lilts, Wnllc l)ic.mu- iiiiiiM>iii.:^l>' Mck and 
 (liM'ciuia,L;i'(l, l\i--rci\ ri iii>; lii> s])int>. Iiowrxri'. as lu- saw MHiKtliiii^ must In- dnik- liflnrc tlir a]iiin'acli nf 
 wiiitci. Ik- (l.ii iiii^lv i^rapjilcd witli a ludji'cl wliicli Ic-d liiiii to \iii.)r\ and In a virldi's im.im. 'I'liis ]>iiiji'i-t 
 was tci scali' tlu- almost ina(.'c-i.-s>il)K' i-litTs oi' Sillns and j^ain tin.- I'laiiis (jf Alualiani, in nar i>l tin- rit\. 
 and tliiu- til hiiiiL; Mnntcalm tn liatlk-, ( )idi-is uiii' issuid \n lia\i- tlir llvt t in nadiiuss tu iiiaki' a li'ij;ni-d 
 attack (Ml tlu' l'.i-an]H)it slmix-. wliilt.- llic luilk i>\ tlir aim\ was \,, mn\r nji tin- tiviM. i!iii]i <lii\\n a^ain 
 (>\rr nii;lit. (liinh tlu- pui iiiu-i- and tnun nii tin- lui,i;lits to attack IJiiclicc I'loiii tlic icar 'I'lic ni^lit ot" 
 tlic 1 jt!i Sr])tcniliu saw tills daiinj; si luinc ])iit in'.o i-\cciujon, 
 
 'i'kc dawn saw tlu- i'",ii.i;lisli ainn massed in ])osiiinn mi tlu- IKi-lits, and tlic sutprisiil JMciicli aiin\, 
 tinder tliiir !ira\c leader, Montcalm. j;allaiitl\ marched. Irom lleaiiiioit. to ilt.ick the inwulci v Uriel' was 
 tlie strnLj^le that loHowcd Tiie l',ni;lisli reserwtl their tlic until the (.■luniv was uilliin lorl\' paces of 
 them, when tlu-\ imureil a deadl\- rain ot' liullets on tlu' ad\aiicinu; h'tt iich ,ind C'aiiidiaiis, and the Scot- 
 tish rei^inieiits char.i.;ed with havoiiet .iiid luoad sword. 'I'he nati\c militia lnoki- and lUd. and the \eterans 
 ol iM.iiue. alter sUilihoriiK' conlesliiis; the iiosition. wire compclleil to lall Kack .md si ek lUir^e in the 
 Citadel. 'i"l;e coinmandeis ol' both sidis tell moitalK- wounded Wolfe d\ inn '"i 'he fuld, and MoiUcalm 
 liieathiiiL; his last mi tlu' iiioriow within the w. ills of (jiu'hec. 'i'lin-e d,i\s afteiw.irds iukIi.h' suiiendeied. 
 and the lla- of Uiitaiii supplanted tlu' emblem of I'lancc In the •lisuiii'^ wiiitia the cite w,is hell li\ 
 an I'jii^lish i^.irrisoii, under (lencral .'vlnrras. and in the followin.:; ^pri".^ it n.iiiowK escaji'. rl capture li\- 
 1 'e I.e\is, at the head of se\'eii thousand nun wlio hid come from .Mantled to attack it. '{"lie tiiiieh 
 arri\al of a Kiitish lliet saved the now liritish slroiij^hold, while MoiUieal w.is in tniii invested, and th.it 
 post and all C'auada surrendered to iIk' I'.ritish Crown, 'I'liree seal s later the IVace of I'aris confirmed the 
 cession ol tlu- country to i'ritain and closed the dmiiiniMii of fiance in i^'anada. 
 
 In tlu- !\e\ iilulimiarv War the stabilits of ]-'.iii;lan I's coiupiest of ijueliei- w.is threitt-iied In .\iiu-iican 
 iiu'asioiis under ,\iiiold ami Mont,i;oinei > , in tlu- war, tlu- .\iiieiicaiis calhd niion the iM-micli (.'.inadians 
 
 "14 
 
.-^.£5' ^-^^ 
 
CAI.lXllH DKIVl.M. 
 
 U) join llicm in IIkmi- ivvoll. and tliur,i;li it i> imk' lliat a '■mall 
 liaiul rcsponilid, \.\\i.- inajoritv iLinaintd >tancli in tlKii allc- 
 .niaiii'L' to I'.ritain anil iL^istid tin.' lil,in(li>hnHiil'^ of ln.a>on. 
 This j)a>>i\L' attittulo of the iMt-ntli I'lovinct.', wiun it was 
 cNjici'tcil to rally to tlif standaril of n.\olt, so ani;rn.il tlii' 
 AnU'i icaiis that tlK-\- ikti.'! mini'il to in\-aik' Canada and \vi\sl 
 it iVoiii tin.' lititish Crown. In 1755 two i\|)L-(liii()ns were 
 fitted onl lor this iinr])os(.', one of whirh sii/c<l IJic forts on 
 Lake Cliani]ilain, tin.' ^;atcway of Canada, and, thinkini; lliat 
 the Canadians uonhl offer no resistance, proceeded to invest 
 Montreal. Another exjtedilion advanced ni)on (Jnehee. Mont- 
 real bein^ indilferently j;arrisoned, snrreiidered t(.> Die Amer- 
 icans, liiit tile attack on Ouchec failed, after some weeks' siej;;o. 
 The American ,<;eneral, Montgomery, who had lornierl\ fon^^ht 
 for iiritain in Canada, was killed in sloiniini; the Citadel on the 
 ,;istof Decendier, and the discomfited iiu-.idint; force was in 
 the followini.^ spring dri\en from the connlry. 
 
 Si line writers have confoniuk'd Major Cicncral I^ichard 
 Monl;.n)mery, wiio was slain, as jirst slated, with Cajitam 
 Alexander .Mont.nomerx', of Keiniedy's or the 4,vd kcL;iment. 
 who also ser\ed nnder Wolfe at the conipie>t ol (Jnehec. 
 The error has heen accounted for \>\ a writer in the .Uiixc- 
 :i>ir ol Aiuifiian llistoiv. as follows : Some \ears since, the 
 Literary and Ilisl(jrical .Society of nue))ec, pnhlished an e.x- 
 
 46 
 
liMct fmm a luainisiiiiil jiiuriKil iilatiii.i; to tlu' (ipfiatioiis Ik'Toit Oin.'l)<.c, in 17;!), kipt li\ CoNuu'l Mai 
 
 oilm l''ra/i.r. tlaii I.iciilftiatil of tin.' 7Stli 1 l'"ia/,i.i'.s Ili>;lilaiiili is , M.i\iiii; in tliat campai^ii. I'lulci clalv 
 
 di' .\ii.t;ii-l j;,i(l, I 7^9, 
 
 il is nrciiii(.ii in tin- 
 
 journal ; " \\\- \vi.iv 1 
 
 R'illtnli(.(l by a Jialty 
 
 of alioiit I !■ I Iiifaiilry, 
 
 and a ronipaTiN- of 
 
 kan^iTs. undii' llu' 
 
 I'oiiiiiiaiiil ol Caiitain 
 
 Moiil-oiiKiv , of Ki II- 
 
 iKilys Of 4^1(1 Ui'.i^i 
 
 niciil, who likiwi-f y, 
 
 took romiii.iiiil ol our 
 
 (ktaiiiiiKUt, and Wf 
 
 all niaivlR'd to atlatk 
 
 tlu- xillas;*.' to tlu' west 
 
 of St. Jonliini, wliiili 
 
 was or(aii)ii.(l li\' a 
 
 ]iait\ ol' tlif cufuiN to 
 
 tllf lUlIllliLT of aliout 
 
 2<K). as wc su])]iosL(l, 
 
 Canadians ami In 
 
 diaiis. TIktc wciu 
 
 lai aii:c 1 kom i'oini'I', i.i;\is. 
 
 47 
 
siviTiil nl till' ciaiiiv kilKil .md Wduiiilnl, and a 
 liw |iii-uiRi> lakm. all ni wlimn tlu- liaihamiis 
 l."a|itaiii M(piitL;iiiiu I \ . \\1m iiiiimiaiiiliMl us. o?- 
 ik'ivd li> l)f liiilili».'rt.'d ill tlu- iimst iiiliitiiiaii man 
 lur.' Tlic (.diliir of Uk- i>iililiiMliuii, imi (oiitriit 
 In I(.t tliL' journal sprak loi it-ill', a]>|n.ii(k'd a 
 iiiiti- statin;^ lli.it tlu- I.' qitaiu Miiiiti^niiKi \ lu-u- 
 
 spoktll of \Va> " lllf lA-adlT ol tin- i'"ip|l()I!l Hnpi.' 
 
 will) Till at l'ic'> di' X'lllf. '^ist I )i.i-(.-iiili(.i . 1775. " 
 lliti- ralliiii; intii tilt.' K'-'^*- iii'oi i)| foiii'uiindinj; 
 I.icntinanl Uiihaid Montj,'i)iiKi\'. ni tin. 1 ;th 
 Ri's^iiiKiit, witli Captain AKxaiukr M<int^uni(.r\ . 
 (if tlu' t.;'"l- I '<nilitli>-. lliis nnruitnnatt.' unW. 
 Ipiililislicd midri tin -aiirtioii ol' an lii^toriral 
 Sticifl> , I'll till- \i 1 y spot wIkix- tlksv fvtnt> 
 transpired, has doin.' iiuu-li to jii'rpitiiati.' a mi 
 taki' now aliunst rrystalix'.d intu lii>tor\' 
 Riiliald M<ilil,i;(iliui \ insi- tn tin- 
 rank nl Captain in tli 
 lliiti-li aniu and sol 1 
 
 nut ill- t'nlllllll>sinll, 
 
 April 6tli, I 77.'. attLM 
 liavini; scr\fd with 
 ili>tiiicliou llirou.s.ili 
 
 i.*.-^\ 
 
 -l-i I I \\ M I K I \\< M.l I 
 
 nut till' caiupaiuii rrniii 17;,^ tn tlic final -ur- 
 ri'iuUr nl tile I'lvmli at .\lniiirt.al. 111 17'Hi. 
 
 I in: i.rr\ , ir> mciii- \\|i mimmkii.^. 
 
 W'l' ll.lM.' sit liLJnll' IIk Vlsitnl tn (JUllilT till' 
 
 Special rtalUHs n| tlir c it\ a- mi. 11 linin tlii' 
 ri\ir and tlu >;iiit.ial asin.' t- n| tin- iiuniiipar- 
 alilc -((111.' to I'r witiu-Mil Imm tlic Imwniu.n 
 ^."itatlil nr In mi itiiHiiiii 'IV i laci.-, tlic inai.;uiti- 
 I (lit iniiim iiailc \\ liH li ]i( 1 pi tu iti - tlic iiaiiu n| 
 niu nl C'iltl ida's ninsl pnpulal ;^n\ciniil- Nnw 
 
 let lis land and \i( w in -nine detail, linwe\ir 
 liiiif. tile iiinrc -tiikiiij; iiuaimiKiit- militaiv, 
 ecclesiastical and civil nl'tlii- matcliKss Meci'a 
 
 tlic tnini-t .\- nlli- ]illt- Innt nil tile llislnric 
 -nil, till' " llictrnpnli- n| 
 1 nllce Inre-t State,' 
 the aiuieiit and 
 ,,\ lnrei;^ll aspect nl 
 the city is Idiine 
 III iiiinii till' mind. 
 Tile ipiaint, pic- 
 tiiies(jiie l'i;;;ures of 
 I I.I.I. 
 
 4» 
 
till' /hthiliiiifs, tln'ir alitii s]n'C(li, tlii'ir iiriinitivf xchicks of hK-iniioliiiii, tlnir anlicnic I'lviich honsL'S luid- 
 
 (lltd ti)-tilKT and ]Mii>i(l lii^li nil (III llii- imIkc nf iIk- clilT, llic (.iiwallcil (.-itadcl and iiRiiai'iiij; tnrtifu-atioiis, 
 
 tile naiiuw. nooki-d stii'its and windin,!; sUi']) aMitil to tlic rpjuT Town, nrall mhik' old world cipit.d, 
 
 a Mir\i\:d of im-di:i\al liiiR>, I'.iil. ln^idis iIum ftaliii(.s of iiilt"t>l to tin- \i>itni, iliciv air oIIkis wliiili 
 
 a))|)c'al witii irrf>iNtilik' fonr to the mind ol llir liistorii,al --tiidint. lor 'Jurlm' is the otu- r\\\ on llu- coii 
 
 tiiKiil which ])risirvi.>. almost"' 
 
 intact, till- louiantic cliarai'ttT- 
 
 istit's ol Its f.ii ly ori;^ill \\ itll the 
 
 liiid,il and monastic a-pccls of 
 
 an old time cnkamicrcd Jowii, 
 
 'i'lic roots of the cit\ arc inter 
 
 twiiifd with those which form 
 
 the l)f!L;iiiiiiiii;s of Canada, and 
 
 to which we trace the orii^iii of 
 
 lu r pco]il(.\ In this respect 
 
 (Jiieliec fitly stands at the ]>ort- 
 
 als of the country, whose fir- 
 
 siji.irated shores are laxeil li\ 
 
 till.' waters of tliri'c oceans 
 
 What an air of distinction too 
 
 tiure is alinlit the site ! The 
 
 cit\- is i)erch'.'d on a lii.^h hlnff 
 
 which terminates a leii.!L;thened 
 
 stietcli of elevated tableland. 
 
 1 III, M.U COIK r llol >l, 
 
ll> lli,L;lK>l imilll i-^ llu- ciI.kUI rlowind Ciipi' I >i:lllliitl(l, 
 
 ;iliiin^t vsii lift ;i!iii\t.- till' Si I,;iu it iiif. Nat.iii' no less 
 
 ill, III All li;i- (livi(li.il IIk' iit> iiil<p an rpjiLT 'rown mikI 
 
 I.owir 'I'liun, tlic laltcr, mi ils (.a->ti.in iVnin, luiiij; 
 
 widKi'l lietwirii the l)ase of Uil' ilil'f^ .iiid Aw liwr. 
 
 r.uill on a |iidiiinnlni \ , llic I'ily lias r<ioiii lor i-\|)an>ioii 
 
 ()iil>' In till- -oulliward, aiidss tJK- liisloiir 
 
 Plains (it Alii iliani. ils otlur tlaiik> 
 
 bfiiij; .iiiil li> iIh- Si. I.awifiKv on 
 
 IIk- cast am' IIk- livir and valk\ 
 
 ol' till.' St. CliaiKs on tlu' west. 
 
 A wide laii.nc- of wliarvLS juts 
 
 out fidiii its water lioiil ami 
 
 1'ninisln.s ample aLTonniioda- 
 
 tioii, for its iaiKL- shipping 
 
 tradf. 'IMk- I.owcr Town is 
 
 j;i\i.n 11]' iliic. ll\ to coiiiiiRTce 
 
 litit this has now intruded 
 
 into the rpperTowii, where 
 
 are the belter class of lesi- 
 
 deiiees. The luinher and 
 
 sliip hiiililiiij; trade of the 
 
 cil>- have iliiniiiished, hut on 
 
 the other hand iiiaiu- and 
 
 
 
 I. nteiplisin^ faetoriis ha\e heell ist.dpli-lied, 
 uhiih loi the most pail ha\e done well; 
 iml the eil> s idiiinieK ial impoiiaiiee is not 
 now what it lias heiii. Montreal with il- 
 iiion- pronivssi\e llritish ekimnl. h.is o| 
 file (.111 loailud seiion-,ly on its trade. 
 
 'i'he rhief illlelist ol' (jneliee, lloWeVer, 
 ies not ill its (■oinineiee. !.i'<e some cities 
 ,, ol the ( )ld W'oild -lull IS I'.din- 
 — — .^.^.-.-J' T I'llli^ll Its allractioii-, ate llio-e 
 thai ajipeal to the historical 
 and inia)4iiiati\e seiisi'. and to 
 a We.lllllN and leisiued class, 
 whose tasks are those ol 
 iheii order. Not a stone's 
 throw fioin the laiidin^i .ace, 
 jii-l under I •nri'erin Tenaci-. 
 -till stands the Church of 
 Nolle I lame des \'ictoireS, 
 ericle<l ill i''oo to comme- 
 norate the defeat of Sir Wil- 
 liam i'hijis and his New I'.iij;- 
 aiid Na\al loice. Hard li>- 
 also i> tlk- site, now oc(aiiii(.'d 
 
 -MoNi Misr lo udi.i r; .wn .mon icxl.m. 
 
 50 
 
M( pmmi-ni' i:ki,ci'i-i( I'n riii': iik\\i:> oi- 
 
 .SI 
 
 M I- 11 1\ i-; Ki I \i) 
 
l)y a iiiarkLl, of Cliamiilain's Abilalioii d, (Jiai'ir. willi its 
 iiKiat and walkd i.'iicl<)surc, williin wliirh tlie- liUli.- I'lLiirli 
 coloiiv. indudini; trader, soldier and l)lack rol).-, sliicldud 
 itSL-lf I'roni tlR- i)itilcss assanlts nf tlic ovcr-i'rowlini; Ir()(iu()is. 
 Jn^l uverlicad once frowned tlie old fortress of (Jnehee, 
 wlieni-e " I'ranee in the Xew World" was ruled for the 
 space of two centuries. Within and adjoinin;; the fortress, 
 from the earliest vears, spran;,; u]) those numerous semina- 
 ries, convents and hosi)itals, which (Juehcc owed to the /eal 
 and devotion of successive i^overnors, bishops, and ^reat 
 missionaries of the Church. As one views tlmse old sites, 
 what memories gather rouml the place, and how a.pt is the 
 ima.^ination to rein-ople the scene ! Chief anion- the fi-nres 
 which the memory sunnnons must lu- those ot the heroic 
 Jesuits, the si)iritual fathers of the colonw With the eccle- 
 sia.stical atmosphere still iiermealiuL; the cit\ . it is easy even 
 now- to re'-all them. There .ue the -oiKeously arra\ed 
 ollicers of the army, and here the i;reat ladies of the mimic 
 court, while in the hack i;round is a confused r.abhle of mus- 
 keteers, pikenien, traders, vo\a;-;enrs and workmen. Xor 
 wouhl the jiiclure be complete without the stalwart Indian, 
 "wrapped to the throat in end)roidered m.)os.--liides." 
 jostled, it may be. by a tipsy sailor on fuilou,i;li from .some 
 late arri\-al in the harbour. lUit the nuebve of to-day 
 
 ■.r joii 
 
 .\ii-:. 
 
 52 
 
recalls nmiv tliaii tlK'Sc vi\r\y iiK-iiKirits. 
 hcfdri.- tliu iiiiiiil (if llu' NlU(knt-niil(ii)k(.-r. 
 
 W'c cciiiK' (IdWii llie years, aiul IIk- jia^-aiU of sliadows ])as>L'S 
 ( i(i\'eriiiiis. inlciiilaiUs aiul l)isll()|)^ arc limins in tlie lllttiii>; 
 procession. We cik- tlu' names of l)ul a few of tlie inon.' nolalile pers()nai;es. Tlie devout Cliainplain, in 
 the eotirse ol' time, i^ives place to tlie militant l-'mntenac, while I'ronlenac in tnrn t;ives ])lace to (iallis- 
 sotiiere and tlie two X'andreniN In the <A]]i\- df Intendant, Talon is followed liv Heaidiann lis and l>i.t;ot ; 
 in the Church, I, a 
 val, Uuehec's fu'^t 
 bisho]), is succeed 
 ed li\- St. X'allici 
 and 1 )e Morn\ . 
 I'",acli played his 
 part in the drama 
 of tlK' time, Ur.eliec 
 meanwhile owuin;; 
 the sway of the two 
 I.ouis — the one 
 whii made and the 
 nther who unmade 
 the colonv and its 
 capital. The con- 
 temporary period 
 in Ivn.i^lish hislorv 
 is that co\eri'(l hy 
 six so\'erei''ns of 
 
 MAKTI'.l.I.O ruWKR, l'I,.\INS Ol- .AIIK.XH.XM 
 
 5,^ 
 
I'liilaiii, iVoin Cliaili..s II. Id (';(.iiri;c II. Tlaii 
 (iHiRs lliu vv.i ol tin.- C<>ni|U(.',sl, aiiil luiw licji 
 i> il in lliL- fi^iins thai cikjIiIc tlic time ! Two 
 illnstrioii.s iR-rsonagcs stand out <listiiR'livtly 
 ami with jnUhctio inten.'st from tin.' canvas — 
 tliL' timii'o of W'oltV and Montt'alm. Itcsidcs 
 tliL'sc innnoital Iktol-s, tlKrc were on tlii.- 
 iMLiR'h side De I.c-xis, ])u lious^ainxillc, Dc 
 KanK/a\'. Si.n(.-/L'rj4m>. r>nuilamai(|Ui- and St. 
 ( )urs ; on tin.' l'.iiti>li side, Saiimk-is and 
 Holmes of the lleet. with Moiickton. Towns- 
 hend, Mnrray. Carlton and Andiersl of the 
 army. A little later, in the heroic aiuials of 
 the city, appear Arnold and .Montj^omerv-, the 
 two ha]>less U-aders of the .\merican army of 
 invasion. How thi.' storv intwines it.self 
 through two fatelnl cenlnriis ronnil the.se 
 sex'eral names I Nor does the hnnian interest 
 in the.se at^tors on the slai;f of tin.' Ancient 
 Capital end with the Con([ne>t. 'rhon,L;li <Jne- 
 liec ])asses now mider the jjcaceful rule of 
 Ihitain, interest d.oes not altoj^ether cease in 
 the nders of the colony. The city has known 
 many of these rulers and (nves nnich to not a 
 
 rnir; i!.\i.i.. trom riiK tkincks ii.^stion. 
 
 54 
 
Ilw of iIkmii, tVoiii tlif riM of I )nrilK>ti.i and 1 laldiinaiul to tlial ol DnllVriu, I.oiir-, I.aiixlowiii' and Stanlf\'. 
 SiiK'i.- ContVckralion, (Juthtc lias also had its suttiSNivx' local i;()\ciiU)i.s. wlm hA\x- kcjjt ali\i.- llic liadi- 
 lions of tla- iilare and niadi- it llit.' scene <jf occasional Slalc ])a.<;cantt\- and an old time liospilalitw 
 
 Till-: CIT.\I'i:i., C. ATl'.S AMI II ikTll K' ATI! INS. 
 
 (Jnclicc is still a toitrcss ; and, tlioui;'i not now i;aiiisoncd li\- the soldiirv ol' IJiitain, Ironi the 
 bastions oi' the Citadel thiTe still iloats the red iToss l)anner, the synihol ol" her ]io\\er. I'erhaps the nii>>t 
 
 JACijri> lXKTII'K I.ANDIM. AT ijri-.ia:c 
 
 55 
 
iiuiircsMVL' \ ii-w nf wlial li.is lui n luiiiud tlir '■ ( ".ili- 
 lallar dl Aiiki 'la " is tin', Iriuii I tiillVi in 'iVnarc', 
 llif iiia;^iiiliiuil jiKiiiiL-iiadi.-. wiiii-li is tin- piidi- (if 
 i.\\i\ (Jialnccr. 1m()!ii tliis 1-11111111 nidiii;^ pusiijou, 
 hair way up the ^\n]>v of llic hisicri^' nick, a liiii.- 
 viiu is had (jI till.' Citadil and dl tin- ini tilicatidiis 
 wliirli (.■iiwall it ami its lorly aru- df p iiadi' L^idiiiul, 
 liaslioiis and c iita-nchnii.'nls. How thv lliilish lii-art 
 s\vi lis at si-lit i>\ thdsi- Irdunin- walls, which t-wii 
 in tin. SI- ila\s ()| (k-sti lU'tiv (.- iiiilitaiA annanRiits 
 i-duld still ;^i\-i- a ,L;ddil ai'couiil ol tla-iusL-Ivi-s ! Nur 
 w<iiild the n-spdiisi.- Ill- k-ss (.-tTcc-ti\-L' sIirv llu-y arc 
 UdW nianiRd hy lny.d Can.idiaii \diith. .Xiipidat-liid 
 lidin alnidsi ,in\ (piarti-r nf ilu- city, the- Itntii-ss tA' 
 nnclicc iiis]iiris the \is;tdi with awe. ■''rii'/ Iditi- 
 Ik-.ilidiis, ' sa\ s an ,\iiiciicaii writer, " are diiinipie 
 sent. N'd mailer Irdiii wh.it p liiit \ mi hidk tdwards 
 the ancient city, lor eii;ht or ten iiiiles away, tlie\- 
 are there still with their L;e(inietry against the sk\ ' 
 Xdr (Ides a nearer view (lis-,ncliaiit one. l-'.nlrance 
 t(i the fortress is j^aiiied hv what is (-.died the Ch.iiii 
 (i.ile, which _i;ives access to the trenches, and hv 
 Dalhoiisie Ci.ite, whith ushers oiu- into the heart of 
 the L'itadel. i'.issiii;,; aci.-iss tin- ]),irade l;i oiin 1 
 
 SI il - 1.1, I. .\r I Mil.K I HI. u.u I 
 
 5<> 
 
riinl 11r' (itru-i'i>' and iiru'^ i|ii,irUi>. \vi- i|uirkl\ iiKiiiiil llir iaiiiii.iib> ami !;•''" ''i'' '"^i":-; ^ Ha'^imi. Ihu- 
 tlio i^luriuus >|n(.-taiK- alitadN i(.li.ii(.-il to. liiu>t-. uim>ii llir i!ilij;litc'il \isitui. ami Idii'.; will la- liiii;ir to 
 takf in tin- full ln-aulv i<\ llir cvlv rhaii.i;iii,L; -^ciiU'. llanlK Uns I'iir' i-- tlu' (lutlnnk Imm hIIkt imi.iihIn 
 and tniinciuxs within tin.- i^riin Initio^. ( )u om.- sidi- tat and widu lluws {]w ndlik- ii\rr; on the ntli'/r 
 llu' CM- lnll(i\\>, arross the St. Chalks \'all(.\'. tlic lii.^li mnnded ^unmiits ol the I'ar nt'f I.aunntides, tlie 
 oldest ran.i^e i4 mountains in the world. To the wi-t, --tieti li out the hi^toiie Plains o|' .Mualiam : while 
 in anothei diieetion ii^es tin.' iniposjim Iron! ot' I,a\il 1 nixiisily. tajieied olf li\ the eountU—- d\\ellin,L;s 
 that elin.L; to the slojiini; llanks ■ i| the :-;reat nd rock. In tlu latter <iiiarter aUo sjioot ii]> the nnni 
 lierles.s s])in.s and steeples that erown the uptown --eelion ol' the interisliui; citv 'i'heie also nia\ he 
 di^lin;4ni-hed (Jueliee's lar lamed llasiliea. Ilanked li\ the senniiaiies. eonvi.nl'-. ho-pitd-- and the eluster 
 of eeelesiastical nistitntions whose p.i-t m.d<e- rieh the annals ol the place. Nor does the lea■^l interest 
 attach to tlu' citx-'s «.;at(,s. e\en in the r modern attire, whuh reiuind the visitor ol' tln-' old militiry re-inn.', 
 and which happilx lorm p.irt of the ncoii'-trncleil line ot' foi tilicatmns A rich histor\- clm.n- '" them, 
 thoni^h oiil\- two of till.' fi\i- ori,i;inal .i^^ates ari' now preserxed. TIk-i.' art.- St. !.oni~' and St. John-' -ates. 
 Kent date a new .L;ate lorm-~ p.nt of the rinfferin pIan-> of i'it\- l inln.lli'-hment'-. It commemorates the 
 .sojourn in ijiuliec. of II. k. II. the I hike of K(.nt. The Ni-^itor will ]»■ grateful I'or the uvival of these 
 ialiri'stiuL; heir looms. thou.L;h. historicallv. he \sill mi-s IIo]ie Ci.ite. I'alace and I'lcsiotl v;aii.s, tlie ipLunt 
 liieket-llanki-d •■ti ucturis which marked tlu- i. ra of the lliiti->li occupation of (Juelie<- 1'n.scott <'iate was 
 sacrificed to the dcm.inds of (.■omnurcc an<l to the thoronu;lifare which led up Mountain Ildl Irom tin- 
 I.ower Town; and Hope (iale was likewisi- iKnioli^hc.-d at the call of the same rnthles- tr.iffic. With 
 the-^e fell aKo I'.dace ( i.ite, a relic ol tile earlier occujiation of ijie city, and oiici- the portal lo the p.ilace 
 ol the fnnch Intend luts ILipjiiU. howe\i.r, as we lia\e s.iid, three ol' the uiou- chai acteiistic i^ales 
 lia\e l)(.'eu lelinill. and in a st> le that doe-- ciedil to the ta--te of tin.- |uil)lu' spirited \ict.ro\ who was 
 in-'trnnRUtal in securiu'.^ their restoration. These memorial stiuctiirc-- not onl\ loiiii in themselves a 
 
 5S 
 
lANAI'IW i'\l-.||-> 
 
IU<I-;.\K MXIs >l AIK^ 
 
 scrifS of iiitcTcstini^f .-ind ipirtiirc'Sf|iR' aiili-\va\ >. Imt :ii;r(.'f- 
 iil)ly (liviisify tlu- stviR- in tin.' stmll toiiinl llu- raiiiparl^.. 
 wliicli slioiild iKil lir (iiiiilUd li\ llu- visitor. 
 
 i,.\\Ai, rM\i;Ksiiv, Till-: uasii.ica. 'u^ilinI' ion\i;nt 
 
 AMI I'lll-. Ill iTi:i. oil 1. 
 
 I'.ci-k'siastical (Jiifluc i^ liaidly kss attiai'tivt- to tla- 
 visitor tliaii military Ouilic-f, lor in tin.- (.•ImrilR-s, M.iiiiiiarifs 
 and ronvLiits of IIr' city is fiuliodit-d the rclij;ioiis life of a 
 town still hrcathiiii; iIr- monastic spirit of the scvintii nth 
 ccnt'.ny. Crowniiij; the cliffs, attemjited l>y Montj^oHRry, 
 stands the stately edifice of tlie I, aval I'niversitv. the chief 
 seat of iMeiiclwultniv in the Dominion. In its foundation 
 may he traciil the "oetjinnin.iL; of intellectnal development in 
 the Xc'w World. La\'al is nol>l\- ecpiipped as a imiwrsitv, 
 ami iK)Ssesses, in a lii.L;h de^^ree. liotli tlR' staff and the jnac 
 tical appliances for nioikm cnltiin-. Its con-i>icnons po>i- 
 tion, no less than the scope of its imposinj; Imildin.ns, sini^le 
 it out as oiR' of (JiR'hec's wfirthiest sights. Nor are these 
 all its attractions ; for it is rich in art treasure, which vie 
 with its historical a.s.sociations in drawing \isit>irs within 
 its walls. I.aval had its rise in the Seminary of nueiiec, 
 founded in r6fi;, by the princely prelate who was the first 
 
 60 
 
lii-li'iii dl' till- Sif ami wlin iiiiln\vi.Ml till' iii^titiitinn witli lii-. va-t uraltli. I'"in.' lias, at variniis liiiR's, 
 
 )il ivid lia\iii' with till'- as u itli nilu i nf tlii' citv •< iiit(.n>tiii,i; i-(litk\-'. Tlii piisriil liuililiii;4s aw iiniiKi ii. 
 
 a.s i> till' Siiiiinai vM^'liaj); 1, wliicli. w lull it ti'll a jui'v t'ltln.' llaiiR-s. Inst nmst nt tin.- laiiiniis |ijititiiit;s w liit-li 
 
 oiKv wt-ri' its ;^liii\. MinKiii. Idn, is tlu 
 
 ruix't-'t'silv t^'liai l(.i , fill it ilati s li:nl< duK •.■w— •— - ,,^;^-ip««|^r.;- 
 
 to 1"^;.', wluii :t tiMik the 11, mil.' ot' its "^ 
 
 (listiiii^iiislu il t ai 1\' IciumK i . < >\(.t hall a 
 
 iln/iii I'dllims and Mini larics ati' alii 
 
 liali'il with I. aval wliiih tiiaiiilaiiis Inui 
 
 tarullits thii^i' 1)1 Alts 'riK'cil(>i;y, I, aw 
 
 ami Mcilirim-. It ha-i a sjilfiiilid liljiarv, 
 
 niiisciiiii, and ait .i;alk'i\ , (.Mch dI' wliirli 
 
 will Will niia\ iiis]K c'tidii, I'Vinn tlu- 
 
 dniiK- lit' till,- rriitial I'liildiii;^ a iiiaL;nili 
 
 iTiit \ ii \\ 111' till' St. Cliaili's \'alK A and 
 
 tlu- i\i\ii St. I.awiiiUf iiia\ Ik- had 
 
 I Ml thv- c-aslmi sidi- i.l' thr old Maiki 1 
 Si|iiai\- stands till.' r.asilua. nr Roinan 
 Calhdlir Catludial u\' (Jik-Irc. It is 
 !n.ilia]>s. till- iniist iiitinstiiiu; nlijut in 
 the nt\ , lur it uci. ii]!ii.s tlu' sitf • '! tin- 
 aiicu lit L'luin-h of N'otix- I )aiiK' iK- la 
 Ricoiuramt.', i.Tci'tt.'d in lo-; l,y (^'hain 
 plain, to coniim-inoratc Iht- ivstoration 
 
 ii\iar.\\i iNii'a<hiK iianh im im 
 
 6i 
 
tlic iuloin- hy IJritain. Witliiii its walls wlr- inU'ind tla- niuaiiis of i.aval, iMontitiai-, and 
 
 licis ol' (Jui.'ln.r's iiiiisl iidtahii' liistmir fp^uits. To tin- I<i\ir df art it lias s|H'i'ial attiailiiuis, 
 
 it |)ossfSst'> iiianv ran.' ami imtalilc i)aiiiliii,i;>', mhih' <iI wlii< li wiic Imninlit lor salt.' l^njiiin; to 
 
 OiicltLC wliik- i'lancf was j>a>siiij; limm^li llic- liipmns nf the Kt.\niiUi<iii. 
 
 AmmiL; tin.sc trca^uri's will \>v rmi'id tlif Cnu'ili\ii)ii i " tliu Cliii'-t of tlit- 
 
 *.'allK(lral " I. hy \'aii<lyk(.-. tlu- Ivi^tai y o| St. Paul," liv Cailo Maratti, 
 
 with "ilhii ])aiiiliii^> ol nustinialiK' \aliH', Not lar lioiii tin- l'.a>ilir.i is the 
 
 Canliiial's I'alarc, thf ofliiial rt.>i'liin.(.- of His h".iiiiiKiuc the Cardiiial- 
 
 Archhishop of (JikIhc ; and do-i.- hy. also, is the site of the once lanioiis 
 
 Jesuits' Collii^e. recently deninli>lu-d. 
 
 In Ciardcn street is the lar tanied I'lMditie Convent, its heantiiul ^;ar- 
 deiis, Nonie sewn aires in istent, chainiin^ly M-llinj; olT the historic- 
 lmildiiij;s the>' enclose. The lonxent, which dates from ihSd, thon;^h 
 I'onndid lil't\- \ears earlier, owi'> it>orii;iii to the ini>sionar\ /eal of ,M,i(laine 
 de la I'eltrii' and Maiie de 1' Iiu'arnation two remarkable women, whose 
 religions devotion aie the theniis alike ol native ])(]ets and hisioiian>. 
 llossnet calls Marie ile 1' Incarnation "the St. Theiesa ol' the New World." 
 The Chajiel contains nianv very vahi,d)le painlin.i^s, the works of the most 
 noted artists of the chiel contintnt.il schools, l!nt perhaps its ihief attrac- 
 tion, aliovi' eviii the i-cclesiaslical relics enshrined here, is the skull of 
 Montcalm, whose remains were intern-d within the precincts of the c-on\enl 
 in a hollow said to have heeii made durinj; the siet;e ol the cit\ 1)\ the 
 hnrslinL; ol a shell. 
 
 Another institution hiyhly prized hy nnehecers is the Hotel- Dieu, 
 
 
 O.N \ V.U1 M KV Uu.\l> 
 
 63 
 
li)UU(k'(l in i(.;,, li\ 
 a iiii'iT' (if Cardinal 
 Riilu-Iirii Itmiiii; 
 
 till- si\i iititiiih (111 
 Iniv it plavtil an ini 
 pcirtanl sdnutiiiir^ a 
 tiav;ic, ii.iit in llir n 
 
 Ii,L;iiiU'- lilc n\ tllr 
 
 ImuuIi coloUN-. At 
 
 t.ulud to Ilk- ciMuint 
 
 and lidsiMlid is till- 
 
 c'liapfl, wliiili i(in 
 
 tains till- i)unt.-s o; 
 
 I.alUinint and tin 
 
 skull 111 Ji'an dr I'.n- 
 
 Ik ut, llir ■' Ajax (if 
 
 Ilk- Jfsuit Missions. 
 
 Stiidiiits (if Mr. Park 
 
 man's naiiali\cs, w- 
 
 rnnillillL; IIr- d<)ini;v 
 
 tif Ilk' "jL'snits in 
 
 X<irtli AnicriiM," will > 
 
 lie inUivslfd in scc-ini; I '^-^i^--,..^, .- . .-^^ 
 
 t -6-^?^-:^^ v^.^-r:^ ^fe.;.^-:^ 
 
 Ill 
 
 (.St.- inarlvrivlirs. 
 
 TIIK Hl-,l<i.i;.\l-, IN ||.\I!1T.\NT IhiMI 
 
 63 
 

 'I'lu- llci>]iil;il is silliali- (111 I';ll:lii' stint linl tlu- ill.llH 1 . .ii CIkii 1(.\ ulX slivct. 
 Ill tin lattiT will 111' Iniiinl iii:m\ \ alti.ililc iiaiiiliiij;s. 
 
 ^i^' fe^' 
 
 'nir: i'\i;i.i \mi n'i' ra ii pincs. itiw.h. i,\i;iii,\s wn mi ini mi;nts. 
 
 Il tlu- I'ai liaiiiciit I'liiililiii^s lia\i' Insl tlu-ii old histmic- "-Uf, on M.iiint- 
 aiii Ilill, tlicy lia\i.' j;aiiR(I liy tin.- i1kiii>;c', Spai'iotis as will as iiii|M)siii^ is 
 tlir pile wliii'li lias nciiith liicii i-iriti'il I'or tin- i'lnviiicial I.t-^i-^latiiii' on 
 tlu' (iiaiiili- .\llt.'(.'. Mist ciulsiili' St. I.niiis (',ati.\ It iiu'lndi-s unt mily tlif 
 two i,i',L;islali\t.- C'liainlnTs, Imt the I )( |iai tiiutital ( Mri'is. tlu- ,'ii'K- loiiiiiiijj 
 a iiiassiw sc|iiari.\ i-acli iVoiit ot wliicli is ,V") iVct loii;^ and lour stoiiis in 
 liii^ht. Tlic st\k' is that of tlic- sfVcntiiMitli (•(.ntiiis iMfiuli ; llic main 
 ciiti.iiRi.' is haiiilsiiiiH' ami slrikiiii; and tlu- iiitnioi ninatr. TIkti' is an 
 (-•xtviisivc and \aliiahli.' liliiars'. rich in its stdir ,,\' (lornnu-nts jin-scTXTd 
 from tilt.' l'"ifiu-h iL'.L;inR'. 
 
 i'assiiii; otil from llu- I'arlianiriit lliiildin^s, tlu- visitnr, if lu- is di i\ in,:^, 
 will 1)1.- dis]i(,si-d to prcicvfd alnii- tlu- Ciiaiidr AlU'r, past the Hull Slii.-<1 
 and AniMiirx , and huyond the Marti-llo 'I'dwi-is to tlu- n-nowiuil Plains 
 of Ahraham 'I'Ir- classic ijroniid is markcil hy a niodi-st coliiinn, on which 
 is insciihcd llu- siiiiplc words. " Mere Died W'olte \ictnrioiis. " ( )ii a sjnit 
 so sacred as this, where fell the coiu|iu-ior of (Jiu-hec, im more aiiitiiiious 
 iiU'inorial is iiee(le<l. Not only the Plains, hut city and citadel are his 
 iiioininu-iil. A short dist.ince off. on the scarp overl''n<;in.i; the St. Law 
 n-ncL, is the path liy which tlu- liritish troops scded tlu- cliffs on tlu- iii,L;lU 
 
 64 
 
liilnn.' till iMtllr Al iIk' IimiI .,| till' (1111' is Wolfe's CftVf. Crossing ovii tn tlu- SU'. I'«.\i' Komi, aiiDlliiT 
 iiK'iiioriiil of 111. sIiukkK' loi iiiipiri' hi'tw-Luii tlu' t\v<> laas will \k- sfcii. It is tlu' iiidiiuiikiiI (.Tcctcd by 
 till.' Si, .Kail Kaplistr SiHii't\ .,|' (JiuIkc, ".//m /';,?.,, ,/, /-o<<." who kll in the I'lij^a^fint'iit hctWfcii De 
 Ia'vIs ami Miina> , when I'laiu'c soiiKht to regain (Jtichci' and undo tin.- n-sults of Wolfe's victory. Ik-fore 
 riliiiiiiii;; to thr city, litliLT l.y tlic (".raii.k- Alk'f or l.y Stf. I'oyc Uoad, tliL- visitor may taki- ad- 
 
 vaiila-r (>l tin.' |.ro\iiiiity of SpLiicir W 1 to call and jiay his nsjifcts to His Honour the I.iciitcnant- 
 
 (io\riiior. The ;.;ni)irnaloiial rcsi- 
 
 (kiuc it will 111- I'ouiid, i> .1 ma^ni 
 ficiiil OIK', finch situated in cii^lit 
 acres of land, tin- drivi-s and ,i;ar 
 dens of which are reidete with 
 lie,inl\. The fanidiis I'roviiicial 
 .Mansion c(iinni,iiids ;i leliv;htfiil 
 \ie\v of Cape Itianiniid, the (.'iladcl, 
 the iiiii;lity .St. Lawrence, and the 
 Point l,e\is shore. War hv the 
 I.ieiitiii.int ( ".ox el not s residence is 
 the pictnres(|Uc home of Oiiehec's 
 leaiiied ;intii|tiarv and liistorian 
 Mr. J. M l.eiiiniiK', !■'. K. S. C. In 
 tile iieij^hlionilinod also are .Mount 
 lleriiion and lielinonl, the two most 
 pictiires(|Ue of the city cemeteries. 
 Re-entering Onehec, the visitor must 
 
 (.ilT'iiNc. \v.\i'i:k 1 ROM Till-; w 1:1,1, AT si'i;. .x.nni-: 
 
 6,S 
 
IN I III-, I. in lu II. 
 
 liL' Icl't ]iicU> iiiuc!> In liis own tluvices. I Iv will n;itiirall\ :>ft.'k the 
 open spaces hcluR- pursuiii.i; his I'lirllKr ([Ufst of tlii' iiitc-rotiiij;. 
 Tlic I'Splanailt.', with its v^a-cii lawns and (Ifli.uhU'nl shade trees, will 
 entire the loun<;er and ,i;ive him new j^liniiises of the city's fortifica- 
 tinns and new i;ates. Here is the habitat of the C.arrison Chit), an<l 
 in the \icinitv are the hanacks of the Ro> al .School ol Canadian 
 Ca\alrv. A stroll alon.i.; the ramparts hetween St. i.onis and St. 
 John's dates will well rei)ay the sightseer. The other hrealhin.L; 
 spaces of the city jiroper are the Place d'.Xrnies, a pretty little park 
 lyni.i; hetween Dufferin 'iV-rrai-e and the An.i^lican Cathedral, and 
 the C.overnor's C.anlen, which opens out iVoni the Terrace, and is 
 adorned hv that most interesting,^ of (Juebec's memorials, the colinnn 
 erected to the illa-^lrioUN memories of Monttalm and W'olle. h'or 
 four .generations, now have wuKiuished and vamiuisher lain .silent in 
 the i;rave. hut thei'' old-time cliivalrv links their names iorever in 
 Canadian aiuials and i;ilds witli nndimmed lustre one of the most 
 thrillin;^ episotles in the history of the two nations. 
 
 .M'.nrT Tiir: cr.'v and rrs i;n\ikiins. 
 
 To the caleche-driver. that ch.aracteristic pvrsona.i^e to he nut 
 with everywhere ahout the Ar.cient Capital, the visitor will he 
 lieholden, if not for much enli.^htenment, for the means, at least, 
 of -ettin.u to and tVo in old yuehec and it-^ intcrestin.n environs. 
 
 66 
 
Our itiiRiaiy lias l,c,„ far too l.rirf to c'xliaust the attractions of tin- place 
 seen, even in the (-ity i)P)i)er : while the vicinity of niiehcc abounds in plac 
 
 'ill 
 
 ue city s i)iihlic buildings are not nunierous. nor are niany'of .t]ienr'slrikin<,- in 
 ( )ne or two of tliein, 
 however, a:e not withonl 
 interest. 'I'lie Post t )lTice, 
 with its old I'leiich c|iial- 
 rain, which ])reservcs the 
 traditions of the feiid 
 between the Inteiidanl 
 l!i,L;ot and the iiierchaut 
 I'hillibert, will draw the 
 curiniis to lln.ide street, 
 the scene ol' the Chieii 
 d'( )r lei^eiid. 'l"he An- 
 glican Cathedral, erected 
 b\' the Ilritish (i(j\ern^ 
 iiieiil at the o]ienin,- nf 
 the leiitury, will, in spite 
 ol its nnpretentions apjieara 
 the site of the old RecoUet .\ 
 nieinory of the first An.i;lic; 
 tain -and holds the ilust of 
 niond, wh > died in iSii) of 
 
 Much 
 es and 
 tlieir ar 
 
 else rem 
 objects o 
 cliilectura 
 
 uiis to be 
 f interest, 
 eatures. 
 
 - Oil I 1 I.N A I Kl Ni II V W \|.l V.N- \ II I Ai.l.. 
 
a ]'rLs!)ytLiiaii, omit to visit tlic Morriii CollL.i;u. tlu- divinity liall of his ilLiioiiniiation. \Il\x- avv tin- luad- 
 i|iiartfrs and the rich lihiai\' of the (Jiieln'C I.itfiarv and llisloiicil Societx . one of the olilesl and nii>--t ii'^efnl 
 of Canaihi's literary oryani/ations. Tlie soeiet\ i> noted for it> ini]>ortant hi-lorieai researches. Near hy 
 is St Anchew's Church, tlie worsiiippin.i; place of the Scottish I'reshxleiians. Chalmers Clinrch is another 
 l'resl)\terian place of worslii]) of note. The Melhoilist and Iiaptist (knoniinatii ms liaw aKo snlistaiitial 
 cluirches in the ancient i-itv. The lri>h Ruiiian Catholics \\:\w in St. Patrick's l'ari,-h L'huicli an attrac'- 
 ti\'e sanctnry, wliile the iMi'nch Catholics I'.ave on St. John street, witliont the ,L;ate. a siinii)lnons cdilice 
 in the St. Jean-jiaptiste Clinrch. ( )n the same street is St. Matthews, an ornate strnctuie, the pio]ierl\- 
 of the An.nlican body. In the snhnrhs are two otlu-r Konian Catholic churches St. Sau\'iiir and St. isoch's. 
 ( )f other institutions and ])ul)lic Imildin^s in the .\nt-ii-nt Ca])ital, little mom is now left us tn >])eak. 'i'he 
 Custom House is a notable l)uildin,i^, reached from St. I'eter street. iIk- c(.nti(.- of conuuerie. li\- \\,i\- nf 
 Leadenhall street. Other public buildinj^s hitherto uumeiitioned aie the At adeni\- <>{ Music, th'' City liall. 
 the Court House, the Masonic Hall, and the Hall of the \', M. C A. Nor must tlu' citvs hotels be 
 fori;otten, the chief of which are the I'Morcnce. the Chateau l''rontenac. St, bonis, and Ku^svll Hunsi' '{"he 
 new b'loreuce is of modern structure, under most excellent nianaL;ement and commands a m.is^nifKxiit \iew 
 of the St. Charles \'alle\- and the distant I.anreutiau chain of mountains. 
 
 Ouebec is esstntiall>' a cit>' of relics, architectiu'al and anliipiaiian. \o tourist will, of course, fail 
 to ha^'e a look at the old " I'.reak Neck .Slrps," or omit to saunt(.r throui;h the (|uaint Old W'urld region 
 of the i'it\-, known as "Sous Ic Cap." This localilx' has been sadly changed in appearance b> the fallini;, 
 a few \ ears a.^o, of a jiortion of the cliff which ox'erhun.v; Champlain street. 'IMie huL;e mass of rock and 
 earth fell ^vithout a moment's warninj; on the loofs of the houses below. Man\- li\es were lost and 
 much suffering, sorrow and loss of pi()])eit\' entailed upon the unlortunate n.sidents. .\s a nuitter of 
 course. man>' of the antiquities of Ouebec are well worthv of stud\ . Not nuly in iniblic- reposilaries. but 
 in the homes of manv of the old families (jf the citw are to be foiuid uiuneroirs rare treasures and luii looms, 
 
 68 
 
— X 
 
 y. - 
 
 / - 
 
u.tli iu,in> <|uaiiil uM hits d Uuiiitmc ami iiiiM.vllaiictiu> Iiiic-a-lirai,-. niiilc ixi'ciiUy wa.s (liscuvi-itd a 
 small mahii.i^any caKiiU'l (ir cuphciaid. >u|ip()siil to have h(.-l()ni;(.-il t<> Chaniplain, and in its art-woikimiii- 
 sliip ccr'aiiily a mamiratliiic of tla- foiiiulcr's era. Annthc-r iutLrLsliu', txlic, also aceullv i)ickc'(l up, was 
 a conihim.Hl loilcl ami writiu.L; casf, of curious old ]';ui;lish \vorknuiu>liii), said to have oiuv hcvu iu ll.t- 
 l)ossL'Ssi()U of (".(.iR-ral Wolfe. (>L-ne-ral Mout;^onKTy's >\vor(l, found near him when he fell, is depo.siled, 
 l"r safe keeiiiuj;, iu the museum of llu- l.ilerary and lIi>lorical Soeietv. at .Morriu Collet;e. 
 
 The almost world-wide repute of (Juehec includes moie than the city projier ; it is shared, iu some 
 measure. 1>\- its hisloiic eu\-ir()us. The seener\- which is surpassiunlx- fine, is al>o uo incoirsiderahle 
 lactor. Aniout; these intere-tinj; resorts is the site in ruins of the Chateau I>i;^ot, the once proud manor 
 house of the most i)r()lli,i;alL' Inlendaut New P'rance was ever (iirsed with. lieamuanoir, or as it is 
 sometimes called, the I Iermita.i;e, lie's beyond tlie piclures(iue hamlet '>( Charlesliours;. about ei);ht mile^ 
 east of the city. Iu the drive thither, a s])Ieudid view mav be had of the ,L;reat red rock and citadel, a 
 \'icw which no doubt often charmed tlu' eye of tile rovstcriu,:; ISi^ot and his ,i;raceless comi)anious. ( )f hi^ 
 once luxurious summer chateait all that remains are a fast crnmbliuu; wall and two i^auut .nables. 
 
 The emldem of his faith is ever before the Canadian ItubiUnil : In these drives to the famous envi- 
 ron- of (Juebec are alwa\s to be met with, the Parish Church and the wa\side cross, and freiiueuth' a 
 venerable cure', iu his black " soutaiu." 
 
 lieauport is i)as.se(l on the way to Montmoreiici. The lou,i;-(lrawn-out. village is associated with the 
 illu-trious iKuues of Wolfe and Montcalm, for tiie latter had once his abode here, while the jilace bore the 
 brunt ol Wnlle's sie^e artillery iu the operations ])recediu4 the Concjuest. Traces are here lo be met with 
 also oi the mansions of reiiresiiitativi' launlies of the Old RcLjime. In anwtlier direction lies the Huron 
 villa.L;e ot I.orette. It is ])rettily .set upon a hill, about ten miles from the citw wiiile at its base, llowiuL; 
 leisurel\ , alon<;-, i- tlu' St. Charles River. The beautiful I.orefe i'alls are in the immediate neiL;hbourhoo(l. 
 Six miles from I.orette is I.ake .St. Charlo, a notable resort of sport-uieu. .\ drive of three miles b\' the 
 
y, a 
 < - 
 
 ■r. x 
 
 y 
 
(iiiimlc Alk'c and tin.' Cap l\nu.!;t.' Road l)iiiii;.s tlic visitor to Sillciy, wIkiv a Mission was roiiiidcd in ifi;,; 
 
 tiy tile Cliev.'dicr wlm has niv^n liis name to the villai;e. Tliis j^rand scii^nior, history relates, was an otVicer 
 
 ol" hi,i;ii rank at the Court of Marie de Medieis, l)Ut ai'lerwards 
 reiiouneed the ponij) and vanities of the world to undertake a mis- 
 sion to the Indians. Here the Chnreli maintains the Convent of 
 Jesus-Marie. A little beyond Sillery is Cap Kouj;*-'. "t-ar by whieh 
 Jaeipies Cartier wintered with Roherval in 1541-2. 
 
 lieyond Montnioreuei lie the jirettx- rixerside parishes of 
 I,'.\u>;e (ianlien and Chateau Rielur. I)e\()n<l the.se attain, about 
 tweutv miles from (Juebee, is the famous pil.i;rima.i;e \illa,>;e, l,a 
 llonne Ste. .\nne. The festi\'al da\' of the saint is Jid\- joth. 
 and at that datt.' the \isitor, who is sceptical on the matter of 
 cures will be able to witness the triumi)hs of faith in the mira- 
 cles which are yearly reported at this .v^reat pili;riniaj;e shrine 
 of the Church. The local church is of ancient ioundatiou, and 
 is uuich venerated by the faithful. A modern e<lifice has of 
 recent years been erected to accommodate the increasiuj^ bands 
 of devout jiili^rims who resort to the womler-wi irkiui; shrine of 
 _ __.. ^. .,-,^ ,,..» . ^ - >^^'-'- Anne. ( )ver the hi^h altar in the church is a \alualile 
 
 ^fc--^''j^^^S^'-^^^^^^S^^^^jSt\ , p;iiutin^ b_\- the famous I,e Hrun, entitled " Ste. .\nne ami the 
 
 \'irj^in." It is said that o\'er so,i,ni> ])ili;iims \-isit here an- 
 nually. Let all who have the time make a visit to this world- 
 renowned spot. .More .solemn scenes are not to be witnessed in 
 
 fo!\£,i)T(^y(^&qA^ f "pMBiy^djUDe. 
 
 \ any other part of the world. 
 
 72 
 
The Cliatc'im iMoiitcnai.- is llu- naiiic oT tlic new liotcl on llic ivl(.l)ratc(l Dii 
 nnii\alle-,l mh ilu- c(intini.i;t. and in ^uu\v ivs]Hcts uno(iuallL(l l)y an\- in iMimpc. 
 wiMtln (il line- aMdtliir: tlu- <mh.- ciow nin.i; tin- nu-nantilv iKHtion ui' tin. city 
 
 ] 
 
 
 i. 
 
 "- ■■mi Y"-^i'^ '^■XWii, 
 . _ .. . Unf -.iiif. ..^'ir?- 'SK- . , 
 
 
 
 n I liii 
 11 ii'lil ---""^ £4;--.. •, ^■tS'^.lS'-' f9i^-'i'21}ll}\S' ■'■'vitf'WSlA 
 
 I 
 
 ^^5»5 
 
 'sk^ .^ 
 
 '■^Wl, 
 
 Z^siii*. 
 
 fiiir-^: 
 
 ^^»H•■ 
 
 nirin 'IVrrac'c ; an esjilanadc 
 TIk' sitr and tlit' linlol arc 
 
 uf (jmliiT and alfordini; in 
 three directions niaj;iiifu-ent 
 views of tile lovely scenerv 
 of the St. Lawrence and the 
 \alle\- ol' the St. Charles ; 
 and the hotel, conijilete in 
 its appointments c()nd)ines 
 an architectnral beauty and 
 excellence of constrnclion 
 unsurpassed hy any similar 
 edifice in North America. 
 The Chateau I'"r()ntenac is 
 liiiilt of Scotch fire-hrick 
 and j^reystoiie, in the six- 
 teenth century style of ar- 
 chitecture. It cost about 
 half a million dollars. ( )ver 
 llie main entrance is a stone 
 found in the walls of the 
 old chateau when that was 
 I)iin,n torn down, and hears 
 the (late of 164-. 
 
 cii \Ti:.\i i-K(iNTi:.\.\c 
 

 Niii'j inik> iidilli \\(.'>l <il (JviL'lui', nil ;i lolty Wdmli-i! platt-MU, ■>l<>iiinj; in a sniitlKiiv (liii.-i.'tiiiii t(l\\arll^ 
 till l\i\ci' St. Cliarlcs, iiilciscclcil !)>■ tin.' liit;li\v,i_\' ami -skirled 1>_\ tlic ik-w line- nl llic (jiit.'l)L'C and I.aki' 
 Si John Railway, standi tin.' Hunm \illa.!^L- of Ldicttc II cdinprist'S i'mly lo fil'ty cdUat^i^ uitli a NUiall 
 ihiiirli and (ii.xniiiic'> land >cl aii.iit li\- (i()V(.Tir.nt.-nl. nmU-r ri\L;u]atiiins of thr Indian liiui-an. at ()ttaua. 
 a^^ .m Indian ic.'iL'rw. as sncli walclu-d o\xt 1)\- llir dominion ( ".nwriunint with ii.ili-rnal xilicitudi.. 
 
 It i> uovcrncd 1>>- the I'ustonis of tin.' anli(|ui.' Indian Iriln- loeatid iht-iv for two ccnlitiit-s. 
 
 No while man is allowed to .settle within the .-uieted preeincts of the Huron reserve, cnniposLd: tir>l, 
 of the jilatean of the \ill,i;^e whirh the trilie occnp\ : second, of fortv s(|uare arres, almnt a mile and a 
 half to the nortli-west of the \ illa.ue ; third, of the Rocmonl .settlement in the adjoinini; i-ounl\- of I'orlnenl. 
 in the \er>' lieart of the I.aurentides mountains, ceded to the Ilnrons hy (^ixianment, as a compensation 
 for the sei.v;nior\' ot' St. (laliriel, of which it took ]i()Ssession. ,ind to which the Ilnrons .set up a claim 
 ,is well as to lands in Silkrw west of (Jnehec, 
 
 The settlement is administered hy a Council of Sachems; in case of an\ mistuiderstandin;;. an ajjpeal 
 lies to the < )ttawa Ihueau. Lands descend hy rit^ht of inheritance: the Huron Council ahme lieiniL; 
 authori/.ed to issue location tickets, none aie >(rauted hut to the Ilin'on hoys: stran.i;ers heiui^ e.xcluditi, 
 thout;h IIuiDns owning; land hexond the \illai;e and ]ia_\int; ta.\es and tvtlKs therecju, such as 'I'.diourenche, 
 \'incent and others, are admitted to vote in ).. .Hamentary elections. 
 
 The 1 lurous are divided into four families: that of the Deer: of the Tortoise: of the Hear: of the Wdll. The 
 children take rank from the maternal side ; thus, the late ''reat chief, h'rancois Xavier I'icard > 'I'ahonrenche < 
 
sri-; AN.NI-, in: hkai n<i-: 
 
 r»OM PmO'OS B« Ri'.. J CmCvuETTE 
 
wax a I kir and lii> xun. I'anl, a 'I'tntnisi', ln'caus^' MadaiiU' 'I'aliuuix lulic, in Ikt \nntli a liaiulsoin,. 
 woiiian, was a 'rmtoisi.' 
 
 A cfiisiis (i| tlir scttU'iiu 111 lakin ill \s-ii, sit^ IhmIi tlir iii)]iiilalii)n .is iNiiii|ii>--r(l i>\ \\h xmls, (li\i(lr(l 
 as lolluws : adult iiialus, iy|: aihill I'l'iiialix. i ;; : Irnxs, (,,; .i;iiis, 5(1; t.ital, 1 | ;, luaK s in \t,\ riiiialt.s. 
 I'.atliflnrs inusl liaxf lurii at a iminimn in llic \ dl.ij;^. 
 
 Arrordin^' to liu- li\L;iiid ol llir (".iial SiTpfnt. nf uliirh nimc lifnalui, tin.- ]in|iiilatiiiii /> iiooiii,,! L< 
 tiiihtiii sUitioHiny. Jl ( t.-itainl\' is nut 011 tlu- incri.'asL'. 
 
 I'.arli family lias its cliirf or war (-aptaiii ; Ik- is ilrctcd li\ clidicw 'i'lu- fnnr war iMptains ilinnsu Iwm 
 ('(UMicil fliii't's ; the six united seUct a L',taiid cliiit. tilliii' liuin aiiioii^ tluiiisih-i > ui tinin the liniiotaiv 
 I'liiels, sliiiuld tlu\ tliink iHdinT 'I'lir aim ds dl tins onri' ])()\\erliil and warlike trihc, ]iies,iit lia.i;ii'al 
 ejiisrides. At (Uie time it iiiiinlieied i-,.m.k> sonls and inhabited ehielly the iMiinliv liDideiiiii; (in laki-s 
 Huron an»l Siincoe Sa^ard st\Ies tluni iinjiks' ainniiL; s i\ai;es, in cnntiadietion to tlie h'ive Nations 
 CoiifederacN- mole demoeratie in their wa>^ also speakin.i; the Union lanL;na'4e and laiowii as the Imm- 
 Nations Moliawks, (•lusdoes, ( )iioiidau;as, i.'ayii,L;as and Seni-cas. st\ led 1)\ the I'leiuii, the Iroi|nois. 
 The Mohawks at one time mails overpowered Ky the IIiir"ns, sneceeded in the end li\ sHatejjv and 
 repeated massacres in dispersini; their enemies, the Ilnroiis, who never recovered tluii pa-t pi(-ti;_;e 
 
 Tlieii tinal overlhiow dates hack to the .>;reat Indian massacres ol' \u\\ :iiid lop,. :it the Union towns 
 or missions on the shores of I.ake Sinicoe. St. l.otiis. St. Joseph. St. I,L;iiace. Ste. M.uie. St jean. The 
 inmates who escajied the j.;ciieral slan.yhter son.i^ht safet\ in lli,i.;ht. A portion esl.iMislieil themselves in 
 Maniloiilin Island ; others, and they fared the worst. s(m;.;lit inotection on the south shore of I.ake 
 I'',rie. Irom the Ivrie trihe and were incorporated with tluin, .\ je->uit I'",ithcr escorted three or four 
 hundred ol these terror stricken people to (Jiiehec, on the j^th Jnl\ , 105M. and loc.iti d them on land at 
 the Island of ( )rleaiis. where a ])i( ket fort was erected loi their jiroteition. at ,1 cove tailed on that acconnt 
 /. '. I list- dii I'oi t. 
 
 76 
 
- H 
 
 Z 7. 
 
 7 ? 
 
 
I'lvfii iiiidci llif protfi-tioii 111 lliis littU' loll, tlu' tdiiinliau k iiul Miiliniii; kiiik (il tluii 
 fouiul tluni dill. Six of llit.il iniiiiln.r win.' liuUlKud and i'i.L;lil> livf (.'iirricd into tM|iti\ il\ 
 on till' jiitli May, i'>5'). 'riiiy llid to nin.l>i.c- in June followinn, and olitaiiud ka\t.' 
 till.' lii^; mius of l''oit St. I.mii.s. wlifiv tlicy icsti-d in roiiiparativt- pfaiv, until iC)'>(), ulic 
 
 to IVauport, wla-n.' tlicy wcii.' allowid to s(|ua'i., for one year, on lands „ 
 
 owned liy the JiMiits. , 
 
 In i'i''7, they left and pitclicd tlieir \vi^r\vaiiis four and a lialf miles I 
 Wist ol'ljueliee, at the mission of Notre-Daiiie de l'o_\e, now Ste. I"o\e. i 
 
 < )ii the J. itli Deeeiiiher, 167;,, restless and alarmed, the helpless sons 
 of the forest sou^^ht the leafy shades 
 and screen fields of Ancient I.orette. 
 'I'wenty-foiir years later, in i''>97, allured 
 li\ the hopes of more aliundant ^aiiii\ 
 they jiarked np their household };oods 
 and settled on the elevated jilateaii, 
 eloselis the foaminj,; rapids of St. .\iii- 
 liroise, now known as Indian or liUiw 
 l.oiclt, . I'rom the date of the I.orette 
 settlement, in K'i;7, down to the year of 
 the capitulation of (Juehec, 175';, the 
 history of the lrii)e offers hut few start 
 linj;- incidents; an annual l)ear, heaver, or 
 carilioo hunt, or the departure or return 
 of a war party with ti'^y .scaljjs — luit^lish 
 
 .\ nTKi:i'.r IN Tin-. \ii.i..\i,i. m- mi.. .\nm-. di-; i: 
 
 FNOM Photo ur RIv, J. CMOQLfrTf, 
 
 llll|>l.u ; 
 hy the 1 
 to cim 
 n lliev 
 
 ilili' foe> 
 
 llni|Uoi^, 
 
 p under 
 removed 
 
 78 
 
l)iiili;il)ly, fmin llu' linrilcr warfare -as tlie trihi- lia<l a wIidUsohh' dread of tncddlint; with Irnquois -.im!i>». 
 Ill tliL'ir alK'Kiaiiii- Ut I'ratuv, tht-y readily iiilislL-d in il> war> aKaiiisl liiiiaiii. We find tluiii, trying lluir 
 hands as ium id^ oh ihi wiunided Ihitish, at IteaiipDrt flats, on ;,ist July, i75i» ; at tlie lilomK defeat nf Miirra\-, 
 lui jMli Apiil. 17'Mi: at Ste. h'l i\e, wluK Indi 111 l>arl)ai it\ , on the rjiad and Wdiiiided u a> iniispicuons. 
 
 When the hanuei of St Cieorne waned, later on, over the snlijnKated I,on.tte red skins; the families 
 of the Deer, «il the Tortoise, of the Meaver and of the Wijlf sent tlieii' eoiiiin.i;eiit of painted and plnnied 
 warriors to assist liurj;o\ I'.e in his in,i;loiious eainiiaii;n, in I77^>, for whieli si.a\ins medals, searlel rlolh, 
 lilaiikets and ainmnnition were annnall>- and j^eueronsly doUd out to them liy iheii new masters. They 
 readily took arms, in i.su, to lielp De Salaherry and Hroek ^ 
 ill the war a,i;ainsl the Tiiited States, 
 
 The Union village ol I.orette is still an nnfailin.i; suit 
 ject of interest to all enrions travellers visitin,); the Aneieiit 
 Capital, thonnh there are searcely any inhabitants there of 
 l)ure Indian hlood. 
 
 It Is still what the histori.in Ims. P,iikman found it, 
 when lie ]i,iid it a nieinorahle visit : "a wild spot eovered 
 with the primilivt forest and siamed 1>\ a dee]) and tor 
 tnoiis raviiK-, where the .'^t, Charles foams, while as a snow 
 drift ; o\er the hlaek ledj^es and where the snnshine struj;- 
 ^les thronj;h matted houghs of tin' pine and the fir, to hask 
 for brief moments on the mossy roeks or Hash on the hurryii 
 Here to this (la\-, the tourists lind the remnants of a lost peo] 
 less weavers of b.iskets and seue-rs of moeeassins. the llu 
 fast bleaching out of them." 
 
 en At Dli'KI-: l-.M.I.S, ncTi- Qiiehec. 
 
 79 
 
LEObZXI) ()h^ 'I HK C.KMCA r SICRIMCN T. 
 
 Slil>iMll\ VMilltll liil ll.ltsi U \ I l-:i> OlIIU.C. I'V |. M l.lMnlSi I' K S C. 
 
 Iiiilian I ortttL-. likr i>tln,-r imtcd Canadian x'illaiLics, lias its li's^cml ot nld : its Sacluins Ikuc caix'iiill} 
 ]ifc:-.i-i\-<.-d it ind liancUd it dnwn witli cnilic-llislnncnts to tiu' l)nddin,n ])aiKi(iscs : 
 
 " I laoiuonkai, an i-xcniplarN- and elderly Christian ot the trihe, \vhil>t do/ini; under a ])ine, on the 
 banks (it tile St. Charles, had heen tavored with the \'ision ot' a radiant lad\- in si-arlel silk : She had 
 ajipri/ed liiin that his end was near, when he would lor e\-er he adniiited in the hajip}- huutiuL; i^round-- oi 
 paradise ; 'twas ( lur l,ad\- oi' I.oretto, the ])atroiiess of the villa,L;e, who had xoiu-hsaled him tlu.'se eonso- 
 lator\' tiding-.. ( >ther redskins had soui^hl, hut without any such result, rest under that identical tree. 
 
 .\liout that tiuK', lived a iie'er-(lo-weill, intemperate youiii.', buck, h\- name, < )tsitot -the white men 
 called him Carcajou ' \\"ol\'ereiie ' Irom li's low of mischiei', ma>hap : he made li,i;ht oi' and railed at the 
 ^t(ir\- of the vision and lioastinj^ly said that if < >ur I.ady ot" Loiello would i)romise him a hottle oi' tire 
 water, he loo, would readily t;() ami sleej) under the tree which ,i;a\e such ,i;ood dreams. 
 
 Christian Indians scowled at him, saxin;^ he would yel come to a had end. < "tsitot, howt.\-er, was 
 heiit on liax'in;.; his own wax, and one eveniu!,; stretched himsell' to rest cosils undei' I laotiroukai's mastic 
 tree. The nii^lit was dark and bet'ore "courting the lialni\- " he thoui;ht he would ha\e a whif whilst 
 indulL;in.i; in a sonihiv reverie. All at once, far away in the north, he luard a dreadful re])ort in the woods 
 as it the mountain it.-^elf shook. It was t'ollowed b>' a loud sound in the torest, as it' some hea\\' liodx 
 was torcin.i; a passa.ne o\-er upturned tree.-^ and bushes crushedi in its irresisiible cours-e. The s,)il. .^aid the 
 narrator, ipiaked just as it does in (Juebec, when a heav>' piece of ordnance is drawn o\er it. A ])oii(lerous 
 mass tell into the river, a few feet from Carcaj(.>u, followed by a dead silente. Ili'^ \ision was da//led 1)\' 
 a shinnii; li^ht on the river: it seemed to i)i\)ceed from the e\es of a liUi;e serpent, whosf head rose 
 
 .So 
 
J BT Aurlcr Louis^ 
 
 Feuillcle'cLTj iou.s-3 
 S'auuves, MVc hat;i»a 
 
 75 > 'i'i liclfriToiu wa.1 id 
 
 tous •^'dan^ ccLnll.e cCa 
 5erceorn3iicla,ni d i'l b 
 
 FXVOI O ■KpVt'OT^ Vl^reV'c W^p^^^e . about tcnfcct al.oyo tl,e 
 
 a lon;^, \\M\'iii.v; niaiic, like 
 a liorsc-, I'riiin whicli issiKil 
 sjjaiks of lire, like liiose 
 
 _- — ^™_u«— — ,— i—a— . .--• iVoin a biirniiii; fir tree. I;s 
 
 I i ^'''^tt9^tV^'^^l^^^r...r,^tf^!JBS^9tS^^^Jii^A :4lare lit iqi the scal\' sides 
 
 of the inoiisler : they weu- 
 -ieiniii^l\' encased in llakes 
 uf t;iild as if liurnislied 1)\' a 
 mid-day sun. Tile serjienl 
 opened wide liis jaws, hrist- 
 lin;j; with teeth like bayo- 
 nets and in accents, which 
 echi 11,(1 like thunder, he 
 roared out ; "I hate the 
 whole Huron race, but, 
 \'o>i, Carcajoii, I lo\'e and 
 will befriend." 
 
 ' .\ thousand thanks," retorted the terrified Carcajou, "but could yon not soften that fearful voice of 
 yours; it deafens UK. 1 feel .as if it would wrench off the \'er\ roof of iu\- head." 
 
 " 1 ;iiii the Little Maiiitou. whom the aiuieiil lluron> adored," replied the serpent. When crossed, 
 iiiv \iiice ,^ets like thunder ; it i-an move the water of river and lake and shake the mountains, but as 1 lo\e 
 you, I >hall spt-ak in milder tones and my \dice will become snft like the note of the nightingale." 
 
 ,\ \ I K\ 1 il.I> I'.MN I IM , IN ini; Uil KCII A r 
 
 Si 
 
'The l)lack-inlK-s call the LiUk- Maiiit..ii, the Devil of tlu- Christians,' ' nicikly ajjlicd Carcajou, 
 scared at haviii- to deal with such a redoutahle visitor, instead of with our Sweet I.ady ot I.oretto. 
 
 •• Hark ' my son," hissed the seri-ent, 'the Little Manitou like the Devil of the Christians, can harm 
 his enemies, hut he i-^ harmless, like a new born hahe to those he likes. I love nou, let us understand 
 
 one anoilier 
 
 Von hi-hlen nie.' said Carcajou, ■ I am hut a m.ni, tis dinicull for a m.ui to hold converse wi'.h 
 
 su.ch an awi'ul hein;,; as you." 
 
 ■•(Ill ' don t mind niy hioks" sai<l the seriient, to facilitate our interview. I can transform yon into .a 
 li/ard, a to.id, a snake ot a hulUroi; : j'l-^'t v"" choosy what you w..nld prefer to be, to sjieak to me." 
 
 ■•Thanks for your .-ivat kindness." rei>lied Carcaj.m, •' I jaefer to remain as ! :iiii. but could .\(>u not 
 clian;.;e your-elf into somethin,:^ less hideous'" 
 
 ' I am ever ready to oblij^e a friend." rejoined the reptile: " I can t.ike the form of a polar bear, a 
 wolf, a ])anllier or a rattle-snake and even the shape of a huiaaii bein,-." 
 
 •• I would prefer this last tra.nsfoi mation," .su.i;i;ested Carcijou, and instaiiler there api)eared before 
 him. a little old man with tiery eyeballs, slaring like the (.rl)S of a li-er-cat. The apparition be.-an bv 
 -lowin- offers, to tempt CarcaJ(m from tlie paths of rectitude, appealii'i; to the worst trails in his nature. 
 
 ■■ V.iu do iioi like work my friend." said the little old man. ■■ I shall arraii.-e mailer- so that von will 
 h.ive uothin.- else to do but -leep or saunter round at vonr leisure, with a well filled jair-e in vcnir pocket." 
 
 " Rii;ht." 
 
 •• Vou love dress and show. I will have you clad in .silk aiul scarlet cloth, with .silver ornaments, like a 
 
 great chief visitiui: Ononthio, at niiebec." 
 "Right." 
 "Von love rum. there will be an everlastini; self-hllin- flask of lainie hre-water stowed m your well 
 
 ]irovided tobacco pouch." 
 
•• RiKht 1" KiKlil I I 
 
 Wlic'ii tin.' little old inaii had fxhauslcd the scries of his \er\ tiiniitiiii; ]in)]H»als, Carcajou, hvsitaliii;^!) 
 made hold to eii(|uire. how he was to rei|iiile so many heiRTil>. 
 
 " ( >iie thiii.i; oiil\'. a mere hai;ateni\" rejoined the m>sterioiis old fellow, with the fiery e_\el)alls. "Ahjnre 
 the Christian's I'aith and ])ra\- to the (irc-at Manitou, like the Iluroiisof old," Cnriosit\' .<;eltin,t; the lietter 
 of the rum lovin.t; i^'areajou, he sudilenly asked : " I'.ui when am I to slee]) the lir^t uii^lu after 1 die ^ 
 " In m\' paradise, my son," 
 
 " Is an\- fire-water to he had there ?" rejoined Carcajou, 
 
 " \\'li>-, of course I I have so 'uauy sots tluTe," added the straii,i;e \isitor, ■ llial to pixx-ent them from 
 causins; trouble, I have to keep them dead drunk from mornini; to nij^ht and from uii;ht to mor'i''n.L;, " 
 
 Olsitot, suniamed Carcajou, fell into the suare, continued, ua\', .i;ot deeper in liis e\il ways ah . the 1)lack- 
 rohe I tile priest i heiiit;; absent in (Juebec when his hour arrived, came to a bad end : ///is r.vrv r,//!' Iln- r/V/in^r 
 //en r iiicicitsid in populatiou .' 
 
 That matchless raconteur, !'. ,\, I )(.■ ( "lasjie, the author of the the "Canadians (if old," who made 
 tile excursion to Indian I.orette, to colled the threads of tile I,e,^ell(i of the (ireat Sirjient, writes: 
 " I'aul 'i'ahoureiiche (Dawn of D.iyi related to me that iie liad i)eeu told that tiie old men of the Huron 
 tribe, had followed in the inoruin;.;, the tracks let't b\' the (iivat .Serpent, windiui; its sinuous cour.se at 
 iii,nlit fail tiirouj;h llie villai;e, iiut tiiat they had lost all trace of tlieiu, on tile bank of the river St. 
 Ciiarles about one acre from the churcii. 'f iial the fun )W left on the soil, by its i)assa^e resembled the 
 ridge which a liu.i^e jjine would cleave on beiu;.; dragged over the ground, iuit Talionreiiche added " I 
 never iieard that the [copulation looitld iiiiidin s/<ilioiiiU'v because the serpent was in the habit of bath- 
 ing ill llie St. Ciiarles." It was not likel\- tliat a princely Huron, like this great "udian Ciiief, who 
 l)y iiis industry had accumulated wealth, would aiimit auytiiiug derogatory to the fame of his clierished 
 iiatixe village. 
 
 84 
 
TAHOl KlCNCHi:. 
 
 '1'Ir- Iluriiii nation li.is v^iwii liitlli to sonK' n.'ni;nk- 
 al)le cliiffs. In i'',;;. Wf reail of a Ilumn l)iavc named 
 Atsistari. 'I'lu- lu-ail clii(.-l" in 175W, i'- n.in(.iul>frf(l as 
 'I'sn-a-ra-lili-to ; In- was IIk- s;ran<i-fathcr of ( )ni-a-ra-lili't(). 
 whom tlic anllior of tiic " Indian Cliit-f" poem, Adam 
 Kidd, visited, in iSJij ; this VLMKTahU- patriarch was then 
 marly one hundred \cars old. 
 
 In later years, the I.orette Indians were in s^reat 
 request as lrust\- and expert j^uides for the sportinj; 
 ,i;enlry of (Juehec : especially when the city was i;arri- 
 soned luitil iSji.hy several re.uiments of Imperial troops, 
 the (lilicers of which, in winter hecame expert cariboo 
 hunters, in the I.aureiitian range, north of (Jueliec. 
 
 Of late, the most remarkable and most favoral)ly 
 known chief was Taliourenohe (The I ),iwu of Day l 'I'liis noble savage allowed himself to be jihotographed 
 in full costume, 'r.dmnrenche was born at Indian I.orette in iSk,. He w.is tall, erect, well proportioned, 
 dignified in lace and de])ortment. When habited in full Indian regalia, blue frock coat, with bright 
 buttons and medals, plumeil fur caji, leggins of colored cloth, briglit sash and arndets. with war axe. 
 he looked the luwi /,/(w/ of an Indian warrior. .Vn extensive and successful dealer in Indian wares, snow- 
 shoes for the trooiis, mocassin-^, toboggans, etc., he attained a great age, be(pieathing, at his death, ample 
 meaus to his faiuiiw 
 
 The C.reat Chief of the tribe, in i.SyJ, was Maiiiia- Scbastun Agniohn 1 the 15ear). 
 
 li M.iJiMAxi) norsi;. MoNT.MoKi';.\e\' i-.\i,i.: 
 
 1 1, i^ii,.,tn. If ,E«HS •1,0, B* THE Dl*-^ or KrN' 
 
 S5 
 
MON'IWK )1vM:NCI and SA(U icna\ 
 
 liv C.xKKi'i r Ivs \.\ 
 
 M< iNrM( )Ki;\i. I 1' Ai.I.S. 
 
 TIk- iliiw from (JikI)cc to MoiUiuoiiiici Va\\> is, pi-ihaps, oik- 
 
 of tiK' niii-^l ilclii;litl'ul in AiiRiira. It is (Ulij;htru!, not only on 
 
 account of the nia.i;nilic(.nt scenery of mountain, ])lain anil river, 
 
 the antiiiue ([uaiutuess of tlie hnildin^s aloni; the road, Iml, more 
 
 tlian all, for the historic iissoci.itions which ha\'e consecrated 
 
 e\er\- toot of the way. l'assin,i; throu.i^h tli'- narrow streets of 
 
 the old fortified cit\ , lie\onil the frownini; bastions and v.vny 
 
 old walls, which seem in their xeueraMe ])ride as if tlie_\- helnnged 
 
 to a world that had ])assed away f >'e\'er, one feels the inllueu'e of 
 
 the s])irit of the ]ilace, for Onehec, nf all ,\merican cities, has an 
 
 hisiorical atmo>i)here ])eculiar to itself, Sociallv it is the most 
 
 charminj;- city in the world. Its inhuKitants of all classes arc 
 
 famous for their liospitalit^- and the heartiness with which they 
 
 Welcome the stram^er and slri\'e to make him md the sojourner 
 
 feel at home. As a residence it is fimed for its i;;iiet\' and soci;d enjoNinent, 
 
 It is the fax'otu'ite summer residence of Canadian ( lovcrnors-t icneral ; it was 
 
 the ch:nn.iin<,^ and historic resort of l.ord Dufferin. the Manjuis of l.orne 
 
 ;ind the Princess I.ouise ; Lord Lansdowne and I.onl Staidex' ha\e made it 
 
 their summer residence, H. K. H, the Princess Louise, dnrin<; her residence 
 
 I at Une'hec, delighted in sketching its many beautiful and characteri.stic 
 
 MO.MMOKI..N1.I 1 Al.l.S. 
 
 86 
 
a 
 
 scenes. SoiUL' of tlu' i)icturcs lia\c 1)ll'I1 widch- roi)it.(l and 
 have done nincli to add to tlie fame of the ^nand old eity. 
 Wrajiped in wiiat seems like tile slnndierons net^lect of some 
 old Wdild \-alle>'. from wliieli the tide of liUNine.is and tra\-el 
 have lieen turned into more modern \va\s, the road lo Mont 
 morenoi has a cliarni peculiar lo itself. 
 
 I!eau])ort is ;•, ty]iical French-Canadian village, with it> 
 lonj; irret;ular rows of white wa>hed >toiie cottaj;e>, whose 
 steep ^ahle roofs. Inline chimneys, and deep set dormer win- 
 dows he.ir ex'idence of anliquitv'. while its commodious church 
 with graceful twin sjiires, remind the traveller that here the 
 ancient faith i> hcM with a simplicit}' and a devotion un>ur- 
 jjas.-^ed in any part of the world. Dark eyed children, accus- 
 tnnied to the generous patrona.ije of tnivellers, L:;ather ahout 
 the carriage, offering for sale Imnches of rare old-fashione<l 
 flowers or lemjiting wild berries in d;iint>' hircli hasket.^. 
 Pretty, jo\()US, neatly dressed and jjolite, these children >how 
 in their looks and conduct a gentle and kindly, if ])rimiti\(.'. 
 training, (piite charming in i-oniiiarison with the artifu'ial 
 young folks of Die cities. 
 
 .\n American traveller gives the following interesting 
 sketch of some of the ([uaint customs of the French-Canadians; 
 " 'I'he jioorest home has it^ flower lied and windows of 
 greener\-, and some of the little l)alc(jnies, where the famih' 
 
 MONTMOKI'NCI I'.M.I.^ IN WINl'I'K 
 
 «/ 
 
j;;itlKTs oi. v^imday lilossoiii all ovlt. 'jMic iMfiu-h-Caiiadiaii scorns iiuxU'Vii a.niii-iilUital iini)kiiii.'iits and 
 caniL's (Ml his farm as his j;randfathi.r did. Loyalty to the past is one of his stron;^ characli.iistirs, and 
 many of iIr- t;i-anilami.'S still wear tail cajis modiUcd after th<isc Jarqnes Carlier kfl amont; the village folk 
 on tile (.liffs of St. Malo three eenluries a^o. Near tin- thatched hams are onldoor o\cns, with l)ark roof> to 
 shed the rain, for Canada i> a nation of hri'ad eaters. 
 
 " When we reached a drean\\- old jiarish, j^narded at either end li\- oratories, where de\-oti.es eonnt Ihiar 
 heads in the vesper hour, I conld not resist tile i-xcnse ol' l)ii>in,i; a ,i;lass of milk that I ini.^hl stiiil> the 
 home life. Achates in vain called it iinwarraiitaMe cnriosity, an<l the lia>est ol dissemhliii); ; Iml he had 
 the couraj,^' of his convictions, and stayed laitside to sketch the windmill. .\ hn^e hlack mastiff, such as 
 lliey use lor light draughts, sniffed at him till satisfied ol' his respectahilitx-. ( »n tiie outside door was 
 scratcheil, ' .Xrrcte/., le sacre c(eur de jcsu est ici,' to keep aw,i> the lighti-aiin^ stroke. The mother joi;<.;i(l a 
 clumsy crralle beside an open fire-])lace. where a pot oi sou]) was simnurini;. She greeted me with a 
 cordial naive grace, wortli\- of l(t nobl< ssi\ and offered a home-made rocking chair. Large chests served the 
 double ])uri>ose of bureau and closet, and '.ounge also, for a black curly head was stn-tclu'd on oiu', enjoying 
 that sweet sleej) voui'hsafed only to childhood, A big s[)inning-wlK'i.d almost over-awed the sewing machine, 
 and midaiiie told iiu' she had a loom too. ( )ver the four-posted bid were pictures of the I'ope in red and 
 Napoleon in blue: the spnue bough tied !o the crucilix was blessed by the jiriest on I'alm Sunday, and a 
 bottle ol' hol\' water, a sou\-enii- of the jo\-(His I^.ister, stood on the mantle besides some rare old china mugs 
 that no money can buy. .Snowshoes and gun.-- nailed to the ceiling betokened the winter sports. I'elice 
 was helping her father to i)ack the chest for t(i-morrow's market at (Juebec, where the voung girl lo\ed to go 
 to see the world, as it seemed to her. 'Cest Joli,' she said, showing her beautiful white teeth. What a tale 
 of thrift, cconomx' and famiK indiistrv that chest told me, 'Inhere were skeins of woolen \arn. straw mats, 
 two dozen i>enny iio/e-ga\s of marigolds, a lew pounds of maple sugar, two pluiiii) hens, rebellious o\-er their 
 lost freedom, bunches of herbs and garden sam > , a basket of eggs, and suspended in the well, all ready a 
 
 ■SS 
 
pail ol' j;iil(kii l)uUt.r. TIkil- was abo sdinc- rai; carpel in:;, aroiiml wliicli clustered the expectations of 
 I'V'lice for a new dress. They row nji on the afternoon or evening tide, sleep on the l)oat, and are ready for 
 eailv Maiket. 'An revnii' ' and ' hon \-oyai;e ' iVuni the whole faniil)-, as il' wi' were old iVieiids, marked oui' 
 departnre. 
 
 " 'i'lie habitant never Imriie-., never worries, iml i;"<-s thron.i;h lile in a haii])y >;o Ineky content, .always 
 ready to leave iiis work for a day's fishini; or a fete, and he dances as nierrilv as if no cold winter coidd ever 
 overtake him. The roads are notoriously had, and his little two-wheeled cart is nearly ui)sel every market 
 day, lint he >nnles .serenely ;uid never thinks of rejiairin^ them. A l)rii;ht New York child, who was once 
 tr.ivellinjj; here, said: ' i wish 1 was a little Canadian.' When ])ressed for a reason, she answered: 'They 
 have lots of Inn nexer do anything; lull dar.cc and fl-^h and j;o to c!'.u:ch.' in onr drives and walks we 
 never pass a church withonl enleriii;,;, and we never find one empty, i'.veii where the houses are poor, white- 
 washed cottaj,a'S. the stone church is well built and oriianieiited, for they love their relij;ion as they love every 
 inheritance from their fathers. They use little meat, but milk and egj;s, potatoe ])ie and bacon fried in maple 
 syrup are favourite dishes. 
 
 " A .gentleman who has si)ent much time in tliese parts told us about the habitants' curious wedding 
 customs. After the iiiorniuj; marriage serxice in church, the bridal i)art>' in caleche or cariole make a tour 
 or call upon relatives an<l iVieiids tliroiiL;li the day, and then go forth again to church for vespers. Before 
 the evening dance at the bride's new home, comes the sii])per. When tlie\- rise from the table tiie bride 
 keeps her seat, atid some one asks with great dignity. ' \\'li\ does m idame wait ' N she so soon in bad 
 grace?" She re])lies, ' vSomelifxly has stolen my sliiPiier, I can't nalk.' They carry her chair and all into 
 the inichlle of the room, while a hmd knocking announces a grttescpie, ragged vendor of boots and shoes. 
 lie kneels l)efore tlie slipperless liride and tries on a long succession of old boots and shoes of every variety 
 and si/e till at last he finds her missing shoe. The groom redeems it for a good ])rice, wliicli is spent 
 in treating the company. If the groom is not watchful, they steal her hat and cloak, which he redeems in 
 
llie saiiR- \v,i\-, and llay liaw lict.ii known to steal tlir luitk-, for whom lii' must pay inosl liln.iall>-. 'I'lic 
 tluircli forliid-- round danci's. so IIk'.v c-onluiit tlicMnselvcs with ivnhit diiii<, -. 'riii.' cwnt of tin- L-vcniiiK 
 is a ji}^, in wliirh a ,i;ui.'st voInnt(.'i.is to outdaiui.' tla- luidr. It' sunvssfnl llu' victor 
 (kniands a pri/c from thi- ^;niom. ' 
 
 Tlu- mi,y;hty swcfj) of the ^rcat rivir at (JulIji-c, tlic licanliful Island of Orleans, 
 
 tlk' vim of the Kaurcnliaii mountains to the nortli, and tlif hroad ft-rtile jilain south 
 
 of the St. Kawrcnci'. oiuc formed the am]iliillie itie where two uatinii.s contended for 
 
 the niaster_\' of a eontinenl. It was en this shore, near the junction of tin- 
 
 Montmorenci with the St. I.awience, that Cieiiera! Woll'e made his ihst and 
 
 nusuccc'slnl attack on the iMencJi lines hefore Oneliei'. Ili-^ army was camped on 
 
 the Island of ( >rleans, from which he detached a corjis undi-r his own tonnnand 
 
 to captine .1 redoulit. which would afford an adniirahle p tint of re 'oiniais nice 
 
 The Hoops were rowed across in boats l)elonj.;in;^ to the lleet. and were nut 
 
 with a Iniietis tire as soon as the\- j;ot within ran,L;e. A lew wire sunk, 
 
 the others pres.sed forward, the sailors eueourai;iu,i; one .inollur at the 
 
 oar, and the soldiers shoutiuj.; from lime to time, as it were in deliance 
 
 of the fate that threatened them. 
 
 A terrilic hand to-hand h.^ht loi'k phice on the lieach. The redouht 
 was tarried under lire I'rom a fri.!:;ate moored in niid channel, Imt Wolt'e 
 was eveiiluidly comiielled to order the retreat of the lorps, which was 
 effected in i;i)od order. It is a fact not i;enerally known that the I'.iitish 
 los.ses were greater in this fight than in the battle of the Plains of Abraham. 
 .Standing on this ground one can realise the scene on that eventful day. 
 The llighlaiulers, who, under the leaderliip of the Master of I,ovet, 
 
 9> 
 
as lit' was styled, took so ])roiniiiL'iil and heroic a part in the conquest of Canada, were the same men who 
 joined the standard of the Pretender on the rising of the Scottish clans a few years previously. There ^vere 
 many amonj^ Ihem Roman Catholics who remained in Canada, where, after retirin.u; from the Hritish ser\ ice, 
 they intermarried with the l''rench-Cana:lians and settled anions them. To this day their descendents, hear- 
 ing the old .Scotch names, but iMench in other respects, are to he I'onnd all o\er the Province of Ouehec. 
 vSome years ago a pro])()silion was made to form an association of these Scolo-Car.idians. when it was found 
 that of I-'rasers al(Mie there were .several thousands, hoides many McKays, .McDonalds, Camerons, 
 MacDonnells and others. On the nigiit '"'jllowing the .sanguinary failure referred to, Wolfe withdrew his 
 arm\- to the southern side of the river, ilis next attack on (Juehec was from ,i!)o\e, when he won, if 
 conse(|Uences are the measure of greatness, one of the most momentous \ictories in the annals of mankind. 
 
 The waters of the Montmoreiici here jilunge o\er a cliff three hundred feet hi.gli. and at the hase iniile 
 with those of the St. Lawrence. The stream in its descent a.ssunies a foamy whiteness, from which it 
 has received from the l-'rench habitaiilx the name " La N'ache " i the cowi, hut a nearer view will di.sclose a 
 l)eauty and variety of jirismatic coloining constantly producing the most fairy-like effects as the waters 
 catch and reflect the sunlight in a myriad rays. Not far from the brow of the cliff the towers of the 
 old suspension bridge still stand. It fell several \ears ago, a firmer and his wife who were crossing it at 
 the time lost their lives. Xo attemjit has been made to replace it. < )ther and still more gloomy legends 
 are connected with the h'alls of .Moutmorenci. In winter time the falling spray accumulates on the ice 
 below, till it gradually forms a huge cone, which is often used as a toboggan slide. Hither, when the 
 British troops were stationed at (Quebec, gay i)arties n.sed to come from the g.irrison to enjo\' this most 
 exhilarating of winter sj)orts. It is related that on one of these occasions. man\- >ears ago, an oflicer and 
 ladv, in descending the cone on a toboggan, swerved from the regular track and disapjK-ared in an o])ening 
 in the ice on the surface of the river ; in a moment of merriment and laughter they vanished and were 
 m ver seen again. 
 
 92 
 
The re 
 ia\ s of the 
 
 turn (Iriv 
 setting ^ 
 
 A >-ll K IN 1 
 
 e, slioiild 
 •un, ''huK 
 
 If tile visitor should have time to spare h\ will lind nuicli 
 lioinel\' deligiit in turnin.n i'roni the heaten traek lor an hour's 
 eoiu'e'se witli the /ml'ilivits. Xothins; can surpass the j^eiitle 
 suavity with wliieii the visitor is welcomed by old and younj;. 
 'i'he j)riinitive manners and joxous lustoms of the l'"rench-Cana- 
 dian> ha\'e often been described, but one must >'o amoni; them, 
 jiartake ol' their hi)>pitalit\', witness their dail>- life, to form a true 
 idea of their Arcadian simplicity and liapjiiness, ( )f late years, 
 howe\'er, a spirit of unre>t has come anmn;^ tiiem. The soun.i; 
 folks ha\e been touciied with an ambition unknown to their 
 l)arents or forefathers, and have i^oneto the ueis;hborin}; States by 
 thousands. There is not a faiinly in the I'rovince of <_)uebec but 
 has lost <ine or moie of il.^ members in this way. ( )cca>ionally 
 they return to visit the old folks, wh.en their ])rosixrous ajjpear- 
 ance and Americanized manners stimulate others to follow their 
 exam])le. Thus a clian.i^e is coinins,^ over I'reiicli Can.ida, that, 
 in time, ina>- di.'Stro_\- its ancient and tnost jileasins; characteristics. 
 An American writer who studied those peoj^le in their homes lias 
 declared his con\-iction that "there is more hajipiness to the 
 scjuare inch in this country than an\ wliere else in the round 
 j;lobe." Evidence of hiKh nmtality lies in the fact that every- 
 bcjdy i^ ^elf- support ins;, and crime is almost unknown, 
 it be in the sunnner afternoon, presents a scene of unsurpassed ^randeiu'. Tlie 
 ing against the tin roofs and spires of Ouel)ec and setting the windows abla/e 
 
 93 
 
witli reflected flames, };ive touclies of magnificence to the city rising from tlie river side to tlie Citadel lici^lils. 
 Thus \ie\vcd, (Jiiel)ec ajipears like " the celestial cit\- before the sea of j;lass," and he who has seen it once 
 will never forget it. 
 
 Till-: SAC.ri'.N.W — WI'.IKD AND WON! )i;U III,. 
 
 Jac(|nes Cartier, on his second voyage to Canada in the year iS_^5, made his first landing after entering 
 
 the vSt. Lawrence, at the month of the .Sagueuay River. We can imagine that hardy navigator creeping 
 
 cautionslN- along the coast, as was the cnstom of early exjilorers of America, till he came to where the 
 
 gigantic cleft between lolly mountains o])ens a way for the waters of the north into the hosom of the 
 
 St. Lawrence. To him the giant mountain sentinels may have a])i)eared as the nc >v Caipe and Ahyla 
 
 forming the gateway to an unexplored world beyond. Hut Cartier was a man nf his times, full of warlike 
 
 sjiirit and religious zeal, and less given t^ the poetic reflection than to carrying out the stern purpose of the 
 
 king he serx'ed. lie had kidnajiped two Indians on his first voyage, wlu) acted for him as iuteipreters v.hen 
 
 lie met a part}' of nati\'es at Tadousac. Here he learned that he was in the territory of .Sagnena\- : that he 
 
 would thence pass to that of Canada, and onwards to Ilochelaga, Thus we find that the name of Canada 
 
 merely applied originalh' to the country lying between Montreal and llu' Isl.ind of .\ntici)sti. We nia\ 
 
 ob.serve in passing that it was not till three-fpiarters of a century afterwards that the name Canada was 
 
 applied to the whole country, Cartier having sIkjwu that it was not a land of gold or precious stones, 
 
 the grand olijects of search in those days, its majestic .scenery had no attractions for the potentates of lun-ojie. 
 
 The disco\erer of Canada had passed into histcjry and another centnis- had dawned, bet'ore a settlement was 
 
 attempted at Tadousac. Cartier ,, ,, ,. . 
 
 ' — ' was tile first 
 
 That ever burst 
 
 Into tliat silent sea." 
 
 and it s''emed as if it were destined to remain unnoticed and neglected, till, in the year 1603, a company of 
 
 94 
 
(-•xpL'dition was accorcliiij^ly 
 t)r,t;aiii/.t'(l. As a nicmljer 
 of it, .SaimiL'l (le Cli;uiiplaiii 
 l>Li;an liis woiuk-rfiil carL-cr in 
 Canada. 
 
 Tin.' tourist, who in these 
 UNUiioiis (hiys, vi>it> tile 
 romantic re'non of tlie Sa'Cite- 
 
 '•"rencli nier(hants conceived tlie 
 idea of the fur trade. It ajv 
 jieared to them that i^old could 
 heolitained from America other 
 wise than hv digging it out of 
 the earth. The l)e Chastes 
 
 .\ sKTTr.i':K s i,oc. Horsi-; 
 
 95 
 
nay, where the niodern hotel supplies him with all the comforts of civilization, finds a different reception to 
 that which greeted Chatniilain and his companions when they landed at Tadonsac to fonnd tiie first settle- 
 ment in the wilds of Canada. 
 
 For tiiese first adventnrers the Indians ])repared a feast or "tahaj^ie." Ciiamplain ))artici])atin:.; in it 
 was strnck with tlie i)rimitive " tal)le manners" of the Indians. A I'renchnian, accnstomed to the fastidions 
 observances of society in the days of tlie . biririi/ A't't; ////<■, mij;ht well stand aghast on seeing the Indians 
 j;or^ini;' themselves with abfiri^inal gnsto, dippint; their dirty hands 'm\.o thf /'c/ni^f. cranunin:.; the contents 
 into tlieir jiainted facial orifices and nsini; tiieir own hair or the hides of their d(),iL;s for najikins 
 
 A more inij^ortant proceedinj;, says Kingsford, took place which made a .i;reat impression on Clianiplain, 
 as his after life showed. In his crew were two Indians who had been taken to iMance by I'ontj;rave on a 
 previons voyaj;e. One of them addressed the a.ssembled council, for such it became. He spoke of the ^;oo(l 
 treatment which he had received in France, and imformed them that the Kini;' desired to send inlialiilants to 
 the country and a.ssist them to make peace with their enemies. 
 
 Champlain parentheticall\' informs us that their enemi(.s were the Ircxpiois: a ])ro()f that no subsKpient 
 proceedins;s of Champlain created an\- dead!\' enmity. Tlie evidence of its existence la\- in tiie 
 deserted condition of (Quebec and Montreal, sixty years previously the seats of the prosperous Huron 
 communities of Stadacona and Hochelat;a. Indeed this very " taba,<;ie " was held as a triumph t;ained over 
 the Iroquois. 
 
 Chanuplain proceeded up the Sagnenay for .several leaj^ues, and on his return founded a little colonv at 
 its mouth. "Tadou.sac," .says Parkman, "at the mouth of the SaL;iienay, inider the shadow of .savaj^e 
 and inaccessible rocks, feathered with pine, fir and birch trees, were built a cluster of wooden huts and 
 storehouses, and sixteen men were left to feather the expected harvest of furs." I'ontgrave ami Champlain 
 had little itlea of the rigors of winter in that desolate jiart of the country, for (lariieau says the colonv 
 would have died of hunger in winter had they not been received into the cabins of the .savages. 
 
 96 
 
- "J 'Plii-' In^t alt(.'iii|)l ;il M'Uk'imiil, .ilimit the 
 
 ' ' >«--;ir [!'>,. \ was ri.]ifali.'il latc-r ai-il (iIUm, liflnn- 
 ail ■ 111111 i.slal)li>-liiin.'iU was ina<k\ \\t. in 
 111 17, 'radiitisac was tliu most iiiipoitaiil trading 
 pnst on tlif St. I,a\\ re-iu-i.', out laiikin.:; (Jnc'liof 
 ar.il Mntitii-al. In that \x\\v tlic first mass was 
 saiil llicrt.'. in a cliaiicl Imill of l)raiu-lifs, "wliili.- 
 two solditMs k(.']il tlics olf the juicsl will; uRtn 
 l)on,L;llS." 
 __ Maiiv men have asceiideil in llie wakt of 
 
 "J/ llie llrst wliite man's IkxU on the deep chirk 
 I waters of the SaLjtienay. dnrin.i; these tliree 
 I eeiitnries, lint the sonilire majestic and u;ii;amie 
 
 If lineaments of the inonntains aloiis^ its eonrse 
 •^.jH ''•i\<-' Hot ehani;ed. Mantled with pines, crowned 
 ^lydH ^^'l'' clouds, they t;lower down intu the deep, 
 smooth, nnfuhomalil\- dark riwr, which .t^lasses 
 their awful Ironls till their shadows lielow 
 into ni^lu and chaos, 
 his nortiiern coast of the St. I,uvren?e is a mi-hty ramp irt of rock "-real chasms and .i^or-es 
 break it Imt to reveal still mis;htier walls of mountains, till the eye is fain to rest on ileetin,- shimmerin-s of 
 chjiul, floating- above hills that seem as far off as the sky itself Rock and firesl everywhere ; dark and 
 sombie when the clouds rather, ;!nd the raiii-s<iualls liowl down the pisses, bloltin.s; out of sit^ht all but the 
 white capped waves: manyduied and soft-shadowed as the mornin.L; li-ht i)lays on pine and spruce toj,. 
 
 Mini S\i. riiiiM SX.,M. N \\ K|\ rii. 
 
 blot out the sunlii^lit and the w, iters sink 
 All tl 
 
 97 
 
oti waving; l)ii\li ;uh1 iiuivcriuj; i).>i)l:ir, on ilaik CL-dai and lirillianl maple : ck-ar-cnt and liri:^lu in tlic 
 slronj; li^''^ "^ 'i Canadian niid-da\- ; ritdi in ])ni']iltj and j^rccn, ciinison and j;old, russet and gray, (>ran.i;L' 
 and lilack, as llic snn goe'^ down ; vagne, suit and silvcrj- in llic nioonli^lit ; niy^tcrions and overwhelming 
 wlieii llie moon has snnk liehind the hilN. A land of torrents and earlh(|iiakes, where the foundations of 
 the I'ontinent were uiihea\ed. and st-ari'el\- nnw have settled fnin. \'et, wherewr the nmuth of a river 
 wedges the hills ajiart, or the wearin'^ current and ehafing iee-lloes ha\e left a foothold at the base of 
 
 the heights or have cut an esearpnient in their sides, little ham- 
 lets cluster and the symliol of Christi.m faith is seen." 
 
 .Struck with the delightful simjilicity and rugged hut gentle 
 li\es of the I'-reuch Canadian iidiahitants of the Saguenay, an 
 .Xmericm tourist wrote: "What :• life it i-, and what a jiity 
 we are all spoih'(l for it ' Hiead a id milk, herries and gr.iin 
 foods, landless (|uantilies of fish and g,ime, wild her!)age from the 
 woods, — the children of Saguena\- are well noiuished. Where 
 they ha\e no churches, the missionar>- priest brings them the 
 altar. TIr' liabilnnl there mtrst feel a contempt lor the tomists. 
 He will tell you seriously that people ;ue never ill at Ha ! Ha ! 
 I{ay. They only die of old age. ,Summer lingers tangled among the hilK lung after St. Lawrence 
 resorts are foresaken." 
 
 A peo])le thus constituted, iidiabitating a region where nature seems to lia\'e e.xh.uisted her jiower in 
 producing .scenery of savage grandeur on the most magnificent outlines, might be expected to have traditions 
 and legends in keei)iug with their character and surroundings. .\nd so they have. The whole coast is rich 
 in folkdore, natural to people cut off from communication with the rest of the world for more than half the 
 vear, and who,se history has been a record of sa\"age warfare, a const.aut struggle with the eknients of 
 
 9S 
 
ualiire in ihuii nuM iiiu"()iii])nnnisi.i^ aspects, and whose occupation conil)incs tlie pursuits ol the linntci, 
 the fisherman, tlie sailor, tlie lunihernian, tlie miner and the fanner. The lives and laliors of Catholic 
 mission.iry priesS liave tinned many of tliese lej^eiids and traditions with a religions and, occasionally, a 
 superstitions cliariicter, lint all pos-^ess ihe touchin.L; charm of simple child like faith, and illustrate often in 
 the most striking; manner the i)atien' endnrauce of men who i;ave tlieir lives tor the ^ood nf otliei->. or laid 
 lliem down with heroic devotion in defentv of their little homes and for the land they love '., 
 
 i;, .. .1.1 1 I ,.t 
 
 kuuK' '' niii^t ni .i.Hintli ^> 
 r'l ct", w ihl itiltl litMiillluI 
 
 .\ countrv ;ind a people so conditioned offer in 
 their history a theme for the most j^it'ted ])en. 
 l''.\er.\' mountain, cape, island, inli't and ri\er has 
 its picidiar traditions of invasion, hattle. shi])- 
 wreck and adventure. Much of this local history 
 has already lieen collected 1)\ learned and stn- 
 diou.-i i)riests. whose intimate iVieiidship with the 
 ]ieoi)le and aciiuaiutance with their tratlitions. 
 joined with a sincere low- loi- lioth. ha\a- emi- 
 ^s'-k^ nentl\' fitted them for the work llie\' lia\e so 
 cheerfull\' tnuleitaken and so well iieri'ormed. 
 
 The toinist, who wisel> selects the I.ower 
 St. I.av/rence as the scene wherein to spend a 
 siunmer )iolida\ . will take the steanilioat at 
 (Juebec. That I'itx marks its narrowest part, 
 hut lielow the Island of ( )rleans it snddeiih- 
 
 ciiicui ii.Mi, -.iiou i.Ni. >.ii; .\.N.\i;. s.\i.li;N.. V Kivi.K. 
 
 99 
 
lirii:uli.iis iiitii ,111 rxpaiiM' 'il mil i\ ,iIU-il ^r.niik'Ui . Tlii scciiLTy is (Hi ^d iullll(.•^•^(.• a M'alr that iiuiun 
 taiiiN alniii^ llif sliiiic, wliit-h wuilil Ik.- c'<)ii>i(k'icil MiliMiiie iti llic iinnv rMiiii)ai.l m-cikiv of Iviiiopc, 
 (Iwiiidk- in tin.' va>l ixiiaiisL-, like olijnts sciii I'loni the dick of a vessel at sea. ll is not till the eye and the 
 mind liecdine aicusti mied to the immeiiNity <il' the \ lew that its woiideifiil cliariiis aic teali/.ed. Islands of 
 varied ln-antv dni tlu' lunad Iiumihi of the i;reat river and seem, thronj^h the peenliar h.i/e ol' the Canadian 
 snimiier da\ . Id lloat lietween the water and the .sk\. ]ii>ldly advancing headlands rise at intervals ahai^ the 
 nortlieiii shore : with occasional readies of lowdvinj; beaches where may he seen the \dllaj;es cliisterin.i; 
 whiti aliunt the sjiins of the parish (.iiurches. Altera while one feeU Uie "odor of hrine fioiu the ocean," 
 min,L;lin;', with kind hree/e redolent of the forest. i''rom Cap.' Tom inente, se\en le.ii^iies tVoni Oiiel)ec, 
 to 'I'a.donsac, the north shore of the ri\er presents the same app.ar.mee that it did to the first e.\plorers. It 
 is a wild and .scarcely hahitahle region. .'<till it h,is its scittcred villages, in any of wldcli a person of siiiii)le 
 tastes, seeking; rest and ipiiet, m.'v spend a hai)p\ time. I'rtite Riviere and I'.aie St. I'anl were the most 
 noted anions them in firmer da\s. hut the .sea has invaded them, and there remains only a tradition of 
 what the\ once weie. 'I'he lieantifnl \alle\ of the ("lonffre. that most iri])etiious of Canadian streams, is a 
 ihaiiiiiiii; s])ol and Ixpical of the conntry. 
 
 Cap anx Corlieanx, so named from the numlier of rawns who inhahil its pine-ilad summit. nest projects 
 its ill mnened fmnt upon the ^a/e of the Ir.uxller. 
 
 .\ tradition received from the Indians credits this lofty. I'loiid v. reathed headland with heiiit; the 
 home of demons. .\ like source- is niveii lor the le,i;end of the ,iL;iaiit < )utikon. who was (lri\-en by liol\' 
 nii.ssioiiaries from the islands on the other side of the ri\er to the distant solitndes of I.ake Mistassini, 
 where live the Xaska])ionts, a tribe that never say a praver, whence he, in his wrath, thunders and sh.ikes 
 tile north shore, which, as the showman would say, accounts for the frei|iient earthquakes for which 
 that 'part ol' the countrv has loiii; bei-n noted. 
 
 An\ lra\eller who (k-sii<.s to eiijov the sensation of an earthquake nia> be almost sure of beinj; gratified 
 
cour; 
 to II 
 
 and 
 
 Tlu- lait, Imwivcr. lias no illVcl <iii tlic 
 ^tivaui 1)1 tiiuiists will) ;^() lliilli. I ill 
 iiuTi'asiii.s; muulnis (.wry Nc-asoii. 
 
 'I"Ir' ni'i^lilioin Iiil; Isk- ;in\ CoihIr'S is 
 In^luiirally iiitcrestiiii; iVoiu .laviii^ hcL-n 
 nicupiiMl liy a pari dT Wolfe's army, on its 
 \\a\- to ( jtu licr, ill till' >var 1751;, It is also 
 lanioii-- 111 olliur r(.--|nct>. and iia'- luiind 
 worthy lii>iiiii;nis in ilu^ .\l)l)i.' Cas;;raiii, 
 Al)l)c Maiilonx and J M. I.einoiiR'. 
 
 ImciuIi LXijlonis ami scttkrs .uiisl 
 liavi- l)c(.ii iiRii of MirpassiiiL; i'onra,L;(.\ ii" 
 Uf 111 i\- jud.m' liy IJR' iiaiiRs they have 
 ,i;iven to several ot' the i>roininent featnres 
 on thi'^ lorliiddiii.u; "lioie. \\'e ha\e Kit 
 the nioniitaiii home of demons oiil\ to en 
 eoiiiiler the gloomy ea])e named hy Chani- 
 ])laiii In I'oiitl,- di Ions Irs /h\i/'/,s. 
 
 lint whether (lemons or devils occupied these frowiiiii.t; fastnesses, tlie\ did not fri-hteii the pioiid\- 
 
 ij^eous Recollet and Jesuit father who were the Inst to c.irry the Cro^s o| S.il\-ation over the eontiiieiit 
 
 ud.son's Hay and the hanks of the Saskatchewan. 
 
 Murray Hay, near the liu.i^e Cape I^houlemeiits. jn a fi\-orite suiiimer lesort where man\ Canadii'ii 
 
 Xnierican families spend the summer. 
 
 1. O'l S IHIM rV .\Nli I I I KNO \ 
 
 • \'.l I N \\ Kl\ I.K 
 
Sniiii, ;il llif iiiiiulli (il llif S;ii;iii.ii;i\ , wc- >;;''''-' himmi tlic spul wlific livili/alioii fust iiiadi' a Icflilc tool 
 linld in llic i^ixal land ot the noilli ,' A soliinn stillutss SLiins to hrood jiLTpL'tnall)' onlt tla- Saj^UL-nay 
 and afftits tlic- st-'iiscs of all who enter n|> )n il-i walfis. I'.issin^ onwards tin.' iinpri-s^ion >,...,vs upon tin.- 
 travilKr that lu- is amid the si-t.iK> of an anliipU' world a world so oM that Iv^M't '^ nioikaii roniparfd 
 to it. I'"or ril'lv niilo the stcanitr sails up llii.' ri\ii, which I'or iliat distance is iVoni one to one and a half 
 miles wide, and walled on rillur side li\- preiii)itons elilfs. Then C.\\)v 'l'rinil\- appear-, and it- j^iant 
 eoiisort, Cai)e l'!ternit> . 
 
 Tlie scene has often heeii deseiilied and famous artists have atteinjiled to imitate its majestic characters 
 on canvas, lint ]ien and pencil mu■^t ever fail to ilo justici- to it. It niu.'^t he seen and telt in order to 
 a])preciate its weird mai;ni licence. Ca])e Trinity, rising sheer from tlie water to a hei,i;ht of eighteen 
 hundred feel, is the most imi)osing natural object of its kind in the world, dazing on this sentinel from tlie 
 prime\al world, it seems a more appropriate watcher on I-!ol)er\al of olden ilays and his men sailin,g ])ast 
 and vanishing into the mysterious shadow land beyond, ne\er to appear again, than ,is a witness of the 
 frolics of the liolida\- makers at its feet in these unheroie days. 
 
 This is indeed the land where the battle of the gods and the giant- took place, where mountains were 
 l)ile(l on mountains, when the imi)ious .sons of earth attempted to scale the iieavens. Kut. perhaps tlie fabled 
 battle was a tradition from priiuev,d men who witnes>ed the tremendous ui)heaval- of ge(jlogical times, and 
 left it to be interjireted by the poet who said : 
 
 I «.niK i>f tlu' nine. 11 :iiicl -.liiis, 
 1 sum; III Uii il.i.lal laitli. 
 ol the yiitls' ;inil ^M.-mts' \\;n'S 
 .\Mil of HI. . .■iml diMtli, ;im1 l.iitli.' 
 
 liul though the entrance to the Sagueiiav region be gloomy and forbidding, it le uls to a glorious land of 
 ])romise beyond. To Ila ! Ha 1 Hay, with its hotels and crowds of summer visitors. 
 
 I'"rom the earliest time> to the present day the Saguenay counlr> ha- been famous as the best hunting 
 
A HAN > IIMIl.M. IN rill-: >Ai.ri'..N.\S' IiI^TKH.!'. 
 
and li>lmi.i; rcj^imi in all Xm'tli AiiKTica. Si<mlsinL'n SfUioni slay over for any Icnj^th f)f time at Ha I Ha I Bay. 
 'I'lu\- jnnrneN- on, up tiie Saj^uenaw to I.ake St. John and its aflhients si.\t\' niile.s north, tlie jiaradise of wild- 
 \vo(jd sport. M,in> tnurists Lioini; tliitlier re.u.'h tlieir destination rvi? the Quebec and T/ike St. Jolui Rail\va\'. 
 Tliis htautiful and lirtile ret;ion is fast fillinj; up with .settlers under the liberal policy carried on by 
 ^ucce^sive ]i;(>vint ial administrations. Still, every tishernuui who has tried his luck there returns to tempt 
 
 other eiUlinsiasts with the relation of most wonderful fish 
 stories. I.ake St. John is the hal)itatof a landdocked salmon 
 who rejoices in the euphonious Iiulian name of \\'a-na-nish, 
 and may well be described as a mailed warrior of surpassing 
 coura,t;e and determination wlien he takes a hook. Dear 
 to the true hunter, he is iu)t only a good fighter in t'l.e 
 water, but a delicately delicious guest at the table. 
 
 (iood fishing is to be had anywhere on the rivers and 
 lakes of the gloriously diversified region around Lake St. 
 John. And there large game — deer, bear, moose and the 
 wajiiti -are to be found in sea.son with capable and com- 
 ]>anionable guides to lead the hunter to their native fast- 
 nesso. Xowhe: e in the world will the sportsman and the 
 liivu 111' the gland ,iiid bcauiiful in nature find belter rewards for his toil, or greater satisfaction to the eye 
 and the niind. M,iii> .Xiiurican, as well as Canadian, fishing clubs have leases, or own lakes aniongthe.se 
 hills, where their niemliers enjoy a jolly time everv- summer. Hut there is room for thousands more : the 
 rouiitry i> so \a-'. and it^ lakes and rivers sinqily inexhaustible. There are good hotels and every accom- 
 niiidatioii to be had in the villages around Lake >St. John. .Some, however, prefer to camp out at favorite 
 lilacc- in the wood- and enjoy the unconvenlionrd freedom of a hunter's (c/ /)v,vn' existence. 
 
 IO.» 
 
To cnuniorate the attractions of the various lakes and rivers that spr- ul an endless nia/.e of waterways 
 thronghout this region wouUl be a heavy task. All, however, posse.ss the same general features, l.ake 
 ,St. Joseph embosomed in mountains : the River Ste. Anne, by whose margin nestles the pleasant village of 
 St. Raymond ; the River Hatiscan, finding its way among lofty mountains, over many fiills and rapids. 
 ( )n the whole line of the (Juebec and Lake .St. John Railway the .scenery is highly picturesque. Mountains, 
 lakes and rivers challenge admiration at every turn. Xor 
 .should the traveller mi.ss seeing the beautiful falls on the 
 river Ouiatchouan. Here the waters leap from an altitude 
 of fifty feet higher than the Falls of Montmorenci, and 
 pre.sent a glorious spectacle at ail seasons. 
 
 Of late years the Snguenay river has become a highway 
 of the lumber trade. Hut there is nothing beautiful to the 
 eye of a naturalist, or ])leasing to the ta.ste of a sportsman, 
 in lumbering. Wherever the lumberman builds his shanty 
 or erects his saw mill, the sublime and the beautiful in these 
 northern wilds become x'ulgarized and tlegnuled. The saw- 
 dust kills the fish, and the smoking chimneys and screeching 
 saws scare away the wild fowl, (iame of all kinds retreat 
 
 from the contamination, with the fear and di>likc of the natural for the artificial. But, bad as the 
 lumberman is in this respect, the miner is infinitely worse. Under his ruthless hand the forest and the 
 accumulated mold of centuries are burned away. It would l)e impo.ssible to estimate the destruction wrought 
 in this manner by prospectors of minerals. \'ast regions lun'e thus been devasted, and still the hideous woik 
 goes on. Hut the spirit of enterprise mu.st an.swer the economical demands of civilization, and the waters ol' 
 the vSaguenay are burdened with great rafts of logs that once were among the monarchs of the wildwood. 
 
 rill-: SI uiKi 
 
 l'),5 
 
CHICOl TIMI, 
 
 A charniiiij; American writtr gives the following appreciative sketch of this famous village and its 
 iiihahitaiits : — " Chicoiitimi is a lumber town like St. Alexi,-;. hut the rawest of the new Canadian towns has 
 at once a nielhnv oM hcriutv 'U'rixcl from the invariable Norman pattern of the liouses. 'i'luii a \'a!ikee 
 
 louse in the wilderness and lie builds him^Ldf at once as big 
 and thin a dr\' goods liox as he can rear. It is a hideous 
 blemish on the iaudscapj, and grows worse with agi.'. Hut 
 tuvu a Canadian loose in ihe same wihkruiss, and he adds 
 to it the (|uainl jML'ture oi' a s'.oae-based cottage with dormer 
 windows, uivcurved eaves, vast wide chimneys, pirliaps a 
 g.diery. and. at any rate, s:)me outdoor place wiiere he cm 
 sit and smoke his i)ipe of summer evenings. The house is 
 comiXKt, and it is air\' wilhin. I'.s si;iirwa>s ascend witliou', 
 enclosure. The windows swing on hinges, and ma\- l)e 
 Hung wide oi)en, \et, v.dien closed, are as tight as a w.dl. 
 No cheap, mean carpets degrade the clc-.ui floors. Neither 
 is heat allcjwed un.seasonably to enter tliis house: which may 
 be built of wood or stone or of the connnon plaster finish called rough cast. Madeleine has ht-r o\en built 
 against an outside wall, or .standing detached a little distance from her door. It stands o i supports of 
 inasomy or posts, its round toj) protected b\- a shed. An nun lioor closes it. and .Madeleine's rake and 
 paddle lie near bw 
 
 "There is always this difference between ourselves and this I'rench-Cauatli.ui whom I env\ with perfect 
 envy. His mere pre.sence ,seems to breathe out, ' I have arrived. Why should I hurry and tret myself abiut 
 
 to6 
 
l'.iiii^> ' My li(iu>i.' was ])IaiiiiL-il loi' iiu' IpcI'HX- a Noiiiiau caiiK' In llii> couiittx . au'l it suits ww like my skin 
 I liavc iii\- strip of laml. i;iy wit'v niid j; I'liildicn ; I-'atlur iMaiicis looks aftt-r iii\ soul ; I uiaki- the i)il;j,riui- 
 a^x' to Stf. Ainic's sliriuu cxxiy suininor ; I ani happy. lu short, I have arrived. 
 
 "The koiuau Church has a Cathedral at Chicouliuii, hesides other solid structures. .\ Cauadiau 
 .uilhor tells ori;()iuL; ou a Ion;.; huut iuto the hlackwoods, aud coniiu;.; out ol' a shaL;t;y forest u])ou a eleariii;^, 
 where a niassi\-e church lilted its cross to the ^uu. N'ou 
 cannot douhl liis experience. Xo wilderness is too renxite 
 lor substantial Catholic masonry. 
 
 "The Saguennv n!a\' he call'.d the ,!L;reat reserxoir in 
 whii'h l'"reucli aud Stdtch lilood meet and mingle. In 
 Nova Si'otia the Macs swarm as thickly as motes of dust. 
 Von aie made to defer to Scotch ideas there, as rit;()r()Usly 
 as you turn to the left in drivinj;. On the other hand, the 
 Province of (Juel)ec, almost to the west shore of the Sague- 
 iiay, is solidly I-Vencli. The river marries these races, tlie 
 iMencli stock savint; its laus.^uaj;c, as it always does, for that 
 is the ]ire\'ailinv; ton<;ue aloni; the Sa^uenay. It is \er\- 
 (pieer to find Jean Hatliste M.icta\i>h aud Archibald I'do'.e. 
 Marie MclClfresh aud Cieor.:;ine .Mackenzie i;abl)lini; I-'rench tn;4ether in appueut it;uorau--e of any such 
 ancient vernacul ir as the (laelic. 
 
 " In Cliicoutimi \ ou w,\nder down terraces and across a valley, past shojjs where bltle >ell(jw spiiinini;- 
 wlietls are set out for sale, and see a cascade coming from i- . hills. \'oiture drivers with their board 
 vehicles spin al)out, ready to carry you to the falls. Cliicoutimi is I)uilt ou the true Canadian plan for a 
 \illage — a single street following the windings of the river, beginning with the church and ending with 
 
 m 
 
 
 ^-'^--sC2^^^ 
 
 fe^'^r'l^iiil 
 
 1111. V.CIOUN. 
 
luills. (In tlu- (iiii)(i.sitr >i(l(.- u\ tin- river, in laps ot" tlic li(.it;lilN arc iicstlcil l',.rin-. and Niiv^.m-'Slions ol 
 \illa;^cN. ]hrv aiv lives sliiil a\va\ t"iom tlic world in a (klicious trani'c of la-in.:^, which niakts the lonrisl 
 rfj;rct that he has ever been exposed tn the lever of ])r(),i;ress. I know well the simple routine of that 
 existence. There is lahur without care or haste. There are nei^^hhorly visits, saint day celehrations. old 
 customs relii^iously kept, loving respect to elders and su])eriors. courtship and nia.rriaj^e natiual and Irjautilnl 
 as the story of h'anchon. When- sandv Scutch hair i;ets the heller of soil, dark, h'rench eyes, there will he a 
 lillle sharp l>ar.>;ainin;^, Iml not much. The luibitant is close listed accordiui; to American standarcN. hut he 
 has lillle and lives on a i)iiniilive basis, and il is part of liis reli.^iou to save what he inherits. ( )ld 
 (lunisons will he heard niornin;; or of nii;hts im the misty river, and the luunau heart is forever sendin,::; 
 up its contented ,uid thankful prayer with the siher incense of ihe Saj;uenav." 
 
 Could there he a more deli.nhtt'ul lui'ture of rural felicity than is here i;i\eu .^ ( )r is 
 it an\ wonder th.il the ijcople wiio dwell contented in this sinijile way should live a 
 leu,i;tli of years tliat reminds the deiii/ens <;'' cities of the da\s of the patriarchs ot old. 
 Well ma\ (MH- nf nur Can.ulian [loets sin<; : - 
 
 ■•o. CaiKicla. my iiMtiw I. mil lli.iu .ill, 
 l.iki' a vuiiiin Tilaii in Uif (;iaiil Nptiii); 
 of Uiy wild Noutli. I.ct .\iiari.lis suk lli> tu-.iil 
 To jiiercf willi jiuisuii thai I'aii have no stiiiw 
 I'or otic like thee, l-aith. valor, vimu- luiiiH 
 A crown Iruni many nations nnto thif ' 
 He lirni anil trne. ami hinli thy banner Hint; 
 Then thro' the Inline wilt tlion ever be 
 'rile ehuscn land of peace, and love, and liberty 
 
1 
 
 .•b". 
 
 ■4 w 
 
 ^^«f.... 
 
 uiNI;:iuK Ihii i;i., y\' iN rkl.Al. 
 
MST OK ILLl'STRATIONvS. 
 
 \ '■' \ s I'i'ihiiiK ill the SciKUeiiay I)i:.lrii.t 
 
 i. If a Sliiiiif 
 
 Ilcictaii' ill a Haliitaiit Himsc, Tin- 
 
 ' llrcak N< ck Slairs 
 
 'C.iKclir DiiviiiK 
 
 Canatli.Hi Iiai-^ies 
 
 Ca]! Rciiim- . 
 
 Cap 'ronrnu'iilf .... 
 
 Ca|)e s Trinily ami lUrniit.v >aKiitnav river 
 
 Caniik- . . ■ ...."... 
 
 Chaniplain - . .... 
 
 'Cli.MMjiIaiii Street, l.owcr T'lwii. In ... . 
 
 L'lialiMii (•iiintitiar 
 
 iliat. an M. I.oui>. nl.l \'i<u . . , . 
 
 (.'liaililirri- 1-all- luar (Jilchci . , 
 Cliutivituiii. >ho\viMu Slf. .\ttiu' Saym-ii.iN Ki 
 Cliiinii cii Ndiri- Datiu- di s Vii loin- 
 Cilacltl and Dnflerin Terrace. Tin- 
 
 Citadel and (daeis. Tin- 
 
 Citadel and Terr.iec Irmn tlie Cirand Battery 
 'Citadel. Ircnii Lower Town M.irket. Tlie 
 
 Court Mouse. Tile 
 
 '•Custom House 
 
 Death otCemral Montealm . 
 
 Dealli ofi.eiier.il MoiUk'oiiierv 
 
 llealll olC.eneral iVoUi , , 
 
 Falirii|ni Street, lookini; towards lieaiipMrt 
 Korest stream .iiul Tinilii r Slidi . . 
 
 I'retieli l**arnis near (Jneliee 
 
 I'.r.inde .Mlee and St l.onisC.att 
 
 *r.rand H.ittiry 
 
 ('•elleral Molll>;onieT \ s Swonl .... 
 
 C.eiieral Kiehard Montgomery 
 
 *C,eltinK Water Iroiii tlie Well at Sle Aline 
 idiinpse from the ()1>I City Wall. .\ 
 
 llaldtaiit. An ... 
 
 *ll.il.il.uil Iiit<riin Il.'ind l.oom . . 
 Ilaldtmanii Hon-e Moiitnioreiiei l-.ills 
 ' llolv Coininiiiiioii .it tile Shrine cd nte. .\iin 
 •Hope Hill .... .... 
 
 Interior oCtlie Basilica 
 
 ♦In the Church at Sle Alines 
 Jacques earlier Landing at (jiiebec 
 
 I.aval I'liiversily 
 
 I. illle Chaniplain Street 
 
 Mar:, ilo Tower, Plains of .Mirahain 
 Mor.tcalni Market I'lace . . 
 Moiityomery House 
 
 •From ne Century. 
 
 I'S 
 
 do 
 4" 
 .so 
 M 
 os 
 ■ul 
 
 ■M 
 JO 
 
 e6 
 
 55 
 
 21 
 
 "-5,i 
 
 iy-45 
 
 Monlinorellci l-alN 
 
 Monlmorrnei l-'alN: Siiiiiiii' r View 
 Moiitnion iici l-'alls: WinlerView . 
 .Monnnietit <rt cted to the Braves of 1760 
 Monninent to Wolfe and Monlcalin 
 ^■Monnl S(e, .\niie. helow nuehee 
 *New SI. Johns C.ale, The . . . 
 
 On a I'oniitry Koad 
 
 ^old Indian inakiiii; SiiowShoes 
 
 *(lld Preseott C.ate . 
 
 ( ilil Slairwav from Wolf^ Cove to Ihe III iuhls ol .Mnah.uii 
 
 »llld St. Johil's ('.ale ... . . . 
 
 *Pili;riiiis at Ste .Aiiin- . . . 
 
 •I'roee-sion ol Pilgrims at " I. a Bonne Sle, Anne, ' A . , . 
 
 Prtieinci.il P.irlianieiit Buildinjis 
 
 ♦(jiieliee, from I'oinle I.evi^ . 
 
 ♦Kandoin Skelclies 
 
 Settler's I.on lions,-. A ... 
 
 street 111 a I'reneli Canadian Villa.ije 
 
 Sle Anne de Heauple , , 
 
 s>l, John Street, lookiiiK K.isi 
 
 St. Lawrence Kieer. from the Cit.ulel 
 
 SI I.onis Call- . . . 
 
 St Koch's Milmrlis and the Valley ol 1 hi si Cli.nlis . . 
 Slreel in Ihe vilhiye of Ste, Anne de llianpte .\ . . . 
 
 'radoiisae, from S.i^iieiiay Kiver 
 
 T'.i race and LowiiTown, from C.laiis. The . 
 
 Time 11. ill. from the Prince's Bastion 
 
 froiil lishmy The Ki 
 
 87 
 51 
 .w 
 7' 
 
 62 
 
 W 
 
 «3 
 
 . . 6y 
 
 I.i 
 
 ..... 7 
 .IS 
 
 67 
 
 . . • • 75 
 
 ... 41 
 
 '9 
 
 5 
 
 ■ • 4.« 
 
 ..... 7N 
 
 y7 
 
 ... i) 
 
 M 
 
 W4 
 
 The Slnke 105 
 
 TheSlniKKle , . . Io6 
 
 The Viclorv ,.■..,...., 107 
 
 *rndi r Ihe Clilf 
 
 »Very I lid Painting; in the Church ol Ste .\rne. .\ 
 
 \'iew from Ihe l-'oitilicatioiis. Ileal Ihe s»l Loai^Cale 
 
 View ol Ca|i Koii'^e or Caroime lakeii in 175.. 
 
 View ol (■.,ispe Ha\', taken 111 I'^o , , 
 
 \'lew ol Miiamichi, lake-i in i~^u 
 
 View ol Montnioreiici lalls and Ihe ,\lt.ick on niiehec Iiv (.eiieral 
 
 Wolfe ■ 
 
 View of (Jiieliec. taken in 17511 
 
 View of the City of ynehec, from Point Levis 
 
 *Way of the Cross. 1 he 
 
 33 
 
 47 
 
 sy 
 
 ♦Wiiyside Cross A 64 
 
 Wavside Cross. The 
 
 95 
 
 Windsor llotil, Montreal log 
 
 W.dle Monument 
 
 4S 
 
 l»* SKI. m;.\ r I'Ai.E 
 
 I lu 
 
M'rCoNNiFF's Gem Souvenirs of the Principal Cities of the Dominion. 
 
 • • • 
 
 Four of Canada's Metropolitan Cities Illustrated. 
 
 NOVJ READY IN COVER READY FOR MAILING PRICE, 51. OO EACH. 
 
 MIA STkAinn 01 KliJX. illusirati-d montre-al, 
 
 Till- i,ihrnlt:ir mill Tmiri.'^i.s' .Mrci;i itf .i nifririi. Tlir Uc/ro/iiWis nf Ciimiihi. 
 
 ll.l.lSiRATi:i) HAI.ir A\. II.I.LSrRATi;i) TORONTO. 
 
 r/ic CiiriisDU City Ity llir Sni. Tin- Oiu-rii (in nf tlir Wisf 
 
 Tin.' l!()i!nnio:i of Caii.nl i li:i'^ a tcrritori.il ]i(isM.'ssi(i;i i>;:l nf \vliii'Ii l!u> < )lil World woulil form a score of ki!\i,'iloms. 
 Kach si-i'lion of llu- fiir i|o;;iaiii ])i)SsessL'S ils cliicf i-;t\, I.) w'.iicll it is tributary, ami round wlii di rhislcrs all tlial is 
 ililcrcstiii.i,' in tlu- local history. I'rom the whide may he ,t;athcrcil the story of the iialioaal life. 'I'hc aim of tlic 
 ])ill)lisher of the "Ccm Souvenirs of the Chief Cities of the I)ominioti" has been to reprodiu'e a serii s of mii(|re 
 art hooks, suited to tile \va;jls alike of citi/eii and tourist, Ivich will he found to I'mhody the jirincipal incidents i:i 
 the ci\ic ;nid provincial annals, with a jjr.iphie sketch of the to;io;,;raphy and ])iclorial fcitures of tlie city ilescrihed. 
 The .several works have h^en superbly illu.strated and made attractive to the lover of arti^•tic bool;-::iakin,i;. Sliecial intere^ I 
 has bei'U jjiven to tlu' historical cliapters, ;is well as to those deahui,' with the i:ist;'.u'.io::s, c'.'.urc'.ies, ••imi all i>l;ices of local 
 resort in am! al)out the environs of eai h city. The enter])rise is purely Canadian, .ami c.msiilerinjj the laliour anil e\pi. use 
 incurred in the lueparation of the series, the ])\iblisher trusts that his elTorts may meet with the jjenerous support of 
 every intellii^ent and p.ilriotie Ca.siadi.in. The liooks contain no advertisements; thev are y.iM on their merits. r.ach 
 work luis been prepari'd by a well-known C.i:;. :;'.:. m writer, a::d is on sale by the hical booksellers in each city and by 
 
 \ntlie.-il.ovi-i„i),lic:iti..nsarfo,i)yriglite.l. JOIK; McCONNI I' P, I'ublisller, 
 
 Inicn Tiihrt .I'^t'iiiv. h'oliiuda V.'inihrr /,'i>/r/, 
 MiiNTKKM,. 
 
PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTIERKST IN QUKBEC. 
 
 Citadel (height 3511 ft. ) I" House were MoiitKoiiicry was laid. Court House, 
 
 r.raud Ratteiy. Wolfe's :\Iouutneiit. I'osl OflTicc. 
 
 Place d'Annes. I Jlontcalm Head(|uarters. Laval riiiversity. 
 
 Ksplanade. 1 Kuglish Cathedral. j Parlianieut Huildings. 
 
 Martello Tower. The Rasilica. | Montnioreuci I'alls (27.^ ft.) 
 
 Durhaui and Dufferin Terrace. T'rsuline Convent. Natural Steps at the I'alls. 
 
 Covernor'sC.arden— Joint Monument to Xolre-Danie de la Victoirc Church I'lains of .\l)rahani. 
 
 Wolfe and :\Iontcahn. | (built in U.8S. 1 I Hotel I'rontenac, Dufferin Terrace. 
 
 DRIVES. 
 
 St. Louis and Ste. I'oyc Roads. ' Indian Village of Lorelte and I'alls. 
 
 Lake St. Charles and Lake Heau|)orl. ."Montniorenci Falls. 
 
 Tlif l'i;l)li-,lRi .-111.! tlu- i:.litnr ol " Ii.i.rsTH.\Ti-.ii cjitfukc ' iickiiowk-l.nc tln-ir iii'kliU(lius~ 1" Thk Cl-.NTri(V Co.. of Ni« York, tin- niKiiic 
 Chntkai. K..\ri.w.\v ami Mkssks. Hki.dkn Hkos . piililislur?.. Tnroiito. (or iiiaiiv ixiflkut iiiKi:ninj;s iikhU- use of in tlii- vcplninc. 
 Till' uapir iisi'il in this liook w:ih siioplicd by Miissic. .M'SrrN N: KoiiKKTSn.s-. Muiitrt-.-il. 
 The iiiK'raviiiK>i niid ^^riiitiiiK were t.\iciiU-il \>y Mk«sks I)ksii.\i<.\ts tt Ci> . Moiilreal 
 The biiiclliiB was done hy the Manckactcrino Statio.nkks Co.. Montrtal 
 
 112