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 NOTES ON THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF 
 NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL W. KAIN, 
 
 Reprinted from Bulletin of the Natural History Society 
 of New Brunswick, No. I£X, 1901. 
 
 SAINT JOHS, NUW BKCNSWICK, CANADA. 
 JANUARY, 1901. 
 
V- 
 
 MOUNT ALLISC UNIVERSITY 
 
 2004 0039706 9 
 
 Ralph Pickard Bell Library 
 
Reprinted froir- Bulletin of the Natural ITIitoiy Society of New Bruoawlck, No. XIX, ISOl. 
 
 AFiTicLK rr. 
 
 NOTKS ON THK AUCMyEOI.OOY OF NP:VV HUUNSWICK. 
 
 By Samufi. \V. Kain. 
 
 (Read Decemb<T4, lOCfl.) 
 
 These notes on the archa-ology of New Brunswick have been writ- 
 ten for the information of the inembers of this society Elsewhere 
 much attention is being paid to tliis subject, and it behooves us not to 
 la^' too far behind our co-workers in other parts of Canada. I would 
 huve preferred that this work had fallen into abler hands, but such as 
 it is, I think it will not be without interest. 
 
 The drawings from which tlie illustrations have been made were 
 executed by Miss Jack, Wm. .Mcintosh and Charles F. B. Rows. My 
 thanks are due to them, and also to a number of others who have 
 aided me with suggestions and information. I am in hopes that the 
 publication of these notes will lead to an increased interest among our 
 members in the collection and study of such remains of the aborigines 
 as may be found in our province. The number of such objects now in 
 museums is very small, and there can be no doubt that a diligent 
 search by students would l)e amply rewarded. 
 
 Stone witb Conical Holes. 
 
 The block of coarse sandstone (pi. vi) containing curious conical 
 holes was found with a few others like it, in the summer of 1899, by 
 Mr. Duncan London, at Ring Island, south-west side of Maquapit Lake, 
 Queens Co., N. B. 
 
 It is rudely rectangular in shape, its greatest width being 8^ 
 inches, and its greatest length 11 inches. The block has an average 
 thickness of 2| inche-s and weighs lOJ pounds. The name "cup 
 stones " has been applied to stones with these cavities, and they are 
 remarkable in that they are found in many parts of the world. In 
 some parts of Europe they occur upon the megalithic monuments, 
 and are often polished smooth. The cavities have been roughly made 
 
288 
 
 IIILLKTIN OK TIIK NATUKAI, IIIhTOHV HOCIKTV. 
 
 by peeking, and occur only on ono si.le. Thin np-cimen has on it» 
 surface :.u of the.e conical holes. These range in nize from U of an 
 mch m diameter, by j inch in depth, to a .!.., very much smaller. 
 Though d.ffermg in size the hole, are all sinular. and apparently 
 have Jjeen prwiuced in the same way. 
 
 Dr. Jlau has published a memoir* on these cavitie.s, and inclines 
 to give them a religious rather than a utilituri.n character. It seem* 
 
 Fi.;. 1. I'lTTKi. Sto.nk. (Natural size). 
 
 more probable, however, that they are the accidental product of some 
 ancient manufacturing process. Sir John Evansf thinks that similar 
 stones found in caves of the Reindeer Period of the South of France 
 were probably used as mortars. The specimen I have here figured 
 could have been readily held on the knee by a workman and used for 
 such a purpose. 
 
 • Contrib. to North Am. Ethnology, Vol. V. 
 t Aoclent Stone Implementii, p. 3S0. 
 
N0TK3 ON TIIK A!iriI.KOLO(iY Of NEW HIIUNBWICK. 
 
 280 
 
 Dr. U. F. Matthew,* in his accouDt of the excavations made at 
 Itocaljec for the Htuiiy of the ' ':i'hen-mid(ien<i there, states tliat the 
 chi{i|iing of the lance and arrow h)-ads was in some cases perfort. 
 hf'sidc the Bre-piac >, (<n stones or supports placed near the fire. 
 
 Mr, Harry Pierst informs me that no relic lilo the one here des- 
 criheii has yet been found in Nova Hcotia. 
 
 Pitted Stone. 
 
 Fig. 1 (p. 2H8) represents a roughly rectangular block of fine grained 
 sandstone, with a conical hole pecked in obverse and reverse sides. 
 The stone is about 4 inches long, 3 indies wide and 'J inches thick. 
 It weighs 1 lb. 9 ozs. The pecking seems to have l)een done with a 
 sliiir|) Hint, and the \< irks of the tool can be plainly seen. The 
 holes are exactly like those referred to in the next preceding note. 
 The depth of the holes is three eighths of an inch. This stone could 
 have been lield with the thumb and forefinger and usi^d as a hammer 
 stone, but it shows no marks of having been used for such a purpose. 
 
 Tt was collected with two similar specimens by Mr. Duncan liOndon 
 on King Island, Maquapit Lake, in August, 1S99, and by him pre- 
 sented to the Society. I »m not aware that anything of this kind 
 has yet been found in other parts of the province. 
 
 Grooved Axe. 
 
 Among relics of the stone age which iiave nt-n found in th 
 central part of New Brunswick, stone axes are the most common, ■ind 
 a good many specimens are to be found in collections. In othei j tj ■ 
 of the province, however, they are more rarely found, and at Bocalu 
 Dr. Matthew notes a remarkable scarcity of axes. 
 
 Dr. K. Nicholson, of Newcastle, has placed in my hands a groovei 
 stone axe (fig. 2) which differs from any axe in our collections in 
 the angular character of the groove and in the form of the head. 
 It was picked up in about three feet of water in the Restigouche 
 River, opposite Dawsonville, in the summer of 1888. 
 
 It is 4 inches long, the edge, which measures 2^ inches, is rounded, 
 and the elliptical head has a flat hammer-like surface 2| inches long. 
 
 • Bulletin X. of this Society, p 17 
 
 t Letter to author. 
 
2!>0 
 
 HULLKTIX OK TIIK NATIRAL IIIMTOUY HO< IK.TV. 
 
 .D.1 l\ i„che« wi,le. It wH«hH 17^ ounce,. Th. ^-roove of the axe 
 Hs,„,..,|., ..xcpptatthe ..,JKe«,«„d Vertical to the .houlder, rectan- 
 gular in shape and H\i^\u\y rounded at the corneri,. 
 
 The owner of this implement could une it either a, an axe or a 
 hammer, ft was pr.xluced by natural wear fn.m a fine grained 
 
 !v 
 
 Fio. L'. Oboovkd Stone Axe. (Natural size). 
 
 argillaceous altered sandstone boulder, which had a band in the upper 
 part more calcareous than the rest. 
 
 When exposed to the weather the more calcareous material 
 decomposed and was worn off. thus producing the groove, and in this 
 
 ZtZ ' r "'^ '^ " """^ °' '•" ^^"« ''^^ His eye saw that 
 -uh httle labor .t could be fashioned to suit his purposes, and when 
 
NOTKH ON TIIR A ll.r.UI.OtiV OF NKvv nH(-N8\Vt('K. 
 
 'J'JI 
 
 .V 
 
 Id- bad done some pc>ckin|{ to the lower part of the groove, he pcuM'KMP'i 
 a titiiKht'd nxe. Thus nearly all the (M^culiaritiex of the axe are '.race- 
 hie to natural cauHes. 
 
 The reiiiarkal)ly tlat poll of thix axe distiiiKuisheM it from all other 
 >4tone axeH known to me, and in traceahle to the chuneH referred to 
 i1k)vc. a nund)er of specimens in our coilt'cti!)ns mIiow thin quicknes" 
 III the part of the alK>rij{inei, to >= ' f.om lK)ulder« forms that with 
 -.riKill lahor would iin>(wer their !»' ipones. 
 
 I*ei. • .i». 
 
 hifTiTi'iil names have heen fjiveii lc) the ohjects shown in plate \ii. 
 The terms gorget, tablet, breastplate and pendant, have been used by 
 diU'iTent writers. Tt is possible that such stones were worn as charms 
 !<■' uell as for purely orniiniental purposes. 
 
 The material from which the specimen shown in fig. 1, plate vii, lias 
 Im'cii made is a dark siliciou.-. clay slate, through which a thin band of 
 i|UHrtz runs a little lielow the hol(>. This band of (|uart/ stands out 
 ilisti'ictly from the surface of the pendant, and as it must originally 
 have Ix'en uniform with the suitace it follow.s that the softer slate 
 has l)eon removed by weathering. This indicates that tlie specimen is 
 of considerab antiquity, and not a product of more recent times. 
 
 The hol( lich shows ■■•igns of wear, lias been bored obliquely, 
 and . on Id ha been readily done with a flint or quartz tool. The 
 e]\;v-> \:^.<i been gently rounded, and its appearance indicates that it 
 was ■• 'vfiather worn piece of stone, requiring little work to reduce it 
 to th equired form. Tt is 5 inches long, \ of an inch thick, and 
 measares at its widest part 1 |j inches. 
 
 It was found in 1M99 on a flat near tlie mouth of Cain's River, 
 Northumberland County. The finder used it for some time as a 
 whet.st(me, and then gave it to Profes.sor W. F. (Janong. 
 
 In the museum of th;j University of New Brunswick are four 
 pendants in a fr.vgmentary condition, which Professor L. W. Bailey 
 has kindly placed in my hands for descriptior. 
 
 'ihe first of these (fig. 2, plate vii) is made from micaceous slate, and 
 sliowa two perforations. Both holes have been bored somewhat 
 obli.iuely, but not so much so as in the case of the pendant first 
 described. Two borings were started, but not completed. The 
 borings were made frona each side, and in the hole on the right hand. 
 
292 
 
 HULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
 
 margin the boring was driven from the reverse side to within a short 
 distance of penetration before a boring was started from the other 
 side. In the case of the othei liole, the borings meet about midway. 
 The lioles shows no signs of wear. The specimen is one-quarter of 
 an inch thick, and was found at Ring Island, Macjuapit Lake. 
 
 Fig. 3 (plate vii) represents a broken pendant of dark a'-gillaceous 
 slate bevelled so as to make three sides on each face. The central 
 division has, cut into it, an ornamented design of short diagonal lines. 
 The work has been very neatly done, and shows good taste on the 
 part of the artist. The reverse side is not ornamented. 
 
 Fig. 4 is another pendant of dark argillaceous slate, and ornamented 
 in the same way as fig. 3, but the diagonal lines are very close together. 
 The object is bevelled so as to have three faces on each side. The 
 ornamented face is one-eighth of an inch wide. Reverse side is not 
 ornamented. 
 
 Fig. ') is part of n ornament of greenish grey slate. It has a very 
 characteristic Indian decoration, and, with the two preceding speci- 
 mens, was found at Indian Point, on Grand Lake. It is bevelled so 
 as to liave three faces on each side, the central face being the widest 
 This specimen is ornamented on all six sides. 
 
 Boue Harpoons. 
 
 I mplements of bone and ivory which have been used by men of 
 the Stone Age nrv not common in America. This is probably due to 
 the fact that bone is a more perishable article than stone, and, unless 
 protected frotJi the weather, soon decays. In Europe a good many 
 implements of this nature have been found in caves, but in America 
 comparatively little has been done in that interesting field of 
 exploration. 
 
 The implements of bone and ivory that have been found in this 
 province have been for the most part recovered from the kitchen- 
 middens of the southern coast, and do not exhibit any great variety. 
 Ho far as I know, very few implements of l)one have been found in 
 the central or eastern parts of the province. 
 
 In 1SG9 Prof. Spencer F. Baird explored shell heaps in Charlotte 
 County, and published/ in 1882, an account of his explorations that 
 
 * Proo. U. S, Nat. MiKseum, 1882, p. 29a. lie says, " The examioations of the sheU beds 
 in New Bruuswiek and Eastern Maine were made mostly in the summer of 1809," 
 
NOTES ON THE ARCII.BOLOOY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 293 
 
 aroused local interest in this work ; and at this time a fine set of 
 harpoons was found on the farna of Joseph A. Simpson, Oak Bay, 
 Charlotte County. These are the property of Miss V^room, of St. 
 Stephen, and she has very kindly placed them in m)' hands for study. 
 When found, these implements were neatly stored in a Ixine case, 
 which was struck and partly split by the ploughshare which turned 
 it up. The case (pi. viii, fig. 1) is a moose bone, which after it had 
 been stripped of its flesh, and the marrow extracted by its aboriginal 
 owner was roughly squared at each end and used as a convenient 
 receptacle for the three harpoons. This case is 7 4 inches long, and at 
 its base shows tool marks, indicating a desire on the part of its owner 
 to take off the rough edges. Five lateral cuts, which occur near the 
 l)ase, may have been marks of identity. When found the opening of 
 the case was roughly square-ended, but two triangular pieces have 
 since been broken off. 
 
 As I have said, when found, the three harpoons were contained in 
 this case, but in withdrawing them for examination one (pi. viii, fig. 4) 
 .\as broken, and the larger portion of it has since been lost. 
 
 Figs. 2 and 3 (pi. viii) represent the only two perfectly preserved 
 harpoons that have been found in this province, and differ somewhat 
 from others that are known to us. 
 
 In the case of fig. 2, we have a well-formed straight implement 
 with eight barbs on one side and a single barb on the other. This 
 harpoon is G^ inclies long, and at its widest part measures half an 
 inch. The barb^5 are about one-quarter of an inch apart, witli the 
 I'.xci'ption of the fourth, which is only one-eighth of an inch above its 
 predecessor. 
 
 In fig. ."i we have a simpler implement, six inches loni;, with a 
 single barb on each side, though not exactly opposite each other. A 
 channel 2| inches long occurs on the lower part of this harpoon. 
 
 Fragmentary remains of harpoons were found by Dr. (5. F. Matthew 
 in his excavations at Rocabec, but the specimens found there were 
 barbed only on one side. 
 
 These harpoons were employed by the aborigines in the capture of 
 fish, and were probably attached to a wooden shaft. We know from 
 the records of the early explorers that to the natives of the Passama- 
 •juoddy region fish were an important article of food, a part of the 
 province where indeed they still abound. 
 
294 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTOKY SOCIETY. 
 
 Pipes. 
 
 Of aboriginal remains the pipes used by the former inhabitants of 
 this country are among the most interesting objects. On pipes the 
 early races of America placed great store, and much care was given to 
 their manufacture. The pipe had its place at the council, the great 
 feast, and at ceremonial observances of various kinds. 
 
 In the United States, and in western Canada, many objects of 
 this kind have been found, and large numbers have been placed in 
 museums. Iti this province, however, very few pipes have been 
 found. The museums at Washington, Ottawa, Toronto, Fredericton, 
 and Chatham, contain no specimens from New Brunswick. It seems 
 fitting, therefore, to figure and describe the few that have been found 
 within our borders. 
 
 Father Pierre liiard, in his delation of \(>w France* (1010), gives 
 the following reference to the smoking habits of our Indians, as 
 observed by him. He says : " They also use t .acco * * ♦ 
 
 It is the sole delight of these people when th.'y have .some of it, and 
 also certain Frenchmen are so bewitclied with it that to inhale its 
 fumes they would sell their shirt.s. All their talk.s, treatie.s, welcomes 
 and endearments, are made under the fumes of this tobacco. They 
 gather round the fire chatting and passing the pipe from hand to 
 hand, enjoying themselves in this way for .several hours. Such is 
 their inclination and custom." 
 
 I am inclined to think that the use of the pipe had not been long 
 introduced before the arrival of Europeans in this Province. In 1809 
 Professor Spencer F. Bairdf made careful investigation among the 
 shell heaps of some pai ts of Charlotte County, and he found no remains 
 of pipes. J; In 188.3 Dr. G. F. Matthew,^ as.sisted by other members 
 of this society, made a thorough investigation of some hut bottoms 
 at an undisturbed Indian village at Bocabec, and he found nothing 
 to indicate that the former inhabitants of this ancient village were 
 smokers. 
 
 •Jesuit Relations and Allied Dooument.s, Vol, iii., p. 117, edition of Burrows Bros. 
 Co., Cleveland. IhjT. 
 
 + Aboriginal Shell Moumis of New Brunswick and New Englancl. (Proc. U S. National 
 Museum for 1881, Vol. iv. (18S2). pp. 29a-'->97. > New Bninsw|pk «he!I d^ pn«its trua^ed on 
 pp. 'ittt-S!!.-,. 
 
 t I.*tter from U. S. National Museum, February 6, ItXK). 
 
 S BulletiD of this Society. X., 1892, pp. C-29. 
 
NOTES ON THE ARCH.KOLOGV OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 29& 
 
 Monitor Pipe.— Under the name of "monitor" pipes, Mr. J. D. 
 McGuire has described and figured a style of pipe which has been 
 found in many parts of eastern North America, and also among the 
 aboriginal remains recovered from the mounds. 
 
 Fig. 3, plate ix, shows a pipe of this kind now in the collections 
 of this society. It was found in 1897 on a gravel knoll on the farm 
 of Francis Doherty, at New Ireland, Albert county (on the headwaters 
 of tli*^ Upper Salmon River). It is made of dark green chlorite and 
 is in a battered condition. Portions of the surface which have not 
 been itijured show a high polish and indicate that originally this Mas 
 ii handsome pipe. The bottom of the stem is flat, and at its wide 
 part measures one and a ((uarter inches, narrowing to seven-eighths of 
 ;in inch. On top the centre of the stem is marked by a well-defined 
 ridge. The stem hole, one-(juarter of an inch in diameter, is smoothly 
 iuid evenly drilled, and Mr, McGuire considers that in these pipes the 
 drilling has been done with steel tools. The rim of tin; bowl has been 
 partly broken away ; the interior, which is one and seven-sixteenths 
 inches deep and thirteen-sixteenths of an inch in diameter, is elliptical 
 in shape and perfectly smooth. The stem is ornamented with incised 
 lines at right angles to it, and there are indications that the rim of 
 the bowl has been adorned in tlie same way. The height of rim of 
 bowl above ridge of stem is one and one-eighth inches ; length of pipe 
 two and one-quarter inches. 
 
 MicMAC Pipe — This pipe (fig. 1, pi. ix) was found by one of our 
 corresponding members, Dr. A. C Smith, in the summer of 1899, at 
 an old Indian camping-ground, on the land opposite South Tracadie 
 (iully. Associated with it were a number of other articles of undoubted 
 aboriginal manufacture, such as stone arrow-heads, spear-heads, etc., 
 an account of which will be published in our next Bulletin. 
 
 This pipe is two and one-eighth inches in length, and the material 
 of which it is made is a fine dark slate. It has a thin keel one-six- 
 teenth of an inch in width at bottom, and thickening to one-eighth of 
 an inch at junction with the stem. This keel has seven holes, appar- 
 ently lK)red partly from each side, as the holes are largest at the sur- 
 face and smallest at the centre. The first and second holes are some- 
 what larger than the others, and the boring has been done while the 
 pipe was held an an angle to the body of the worker. The keel ha^ 
 
296 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
 
 bwH broken away from the bottom of the sixth and seventh holes. 
 
 (luire* says that these holes, usually from one to six in number 
 *ere for the purpose of attaching tassels and strings to prevent loss in 
 the snow. It is possible, too, that feathers may have been thrust 
 through these holes for ornamental or ceremonial purposes. 
 
 Professor Perkinsf has described a pipe from the Champlain valley 
 with a perforated keel, but differing in other details from this pipe. 
 
 The opening of the stem hole has a diameter of five-sixteenths of 
 an inch, gradually narrowing to about half that size. It was proba- 
 bly drilled evenly at first, and afterwards the opening enlarged by 
 gouging to admit a stem of wood or bone. The bowl is missing, and 
 was piobably quite small. Tha boring connecting with stem hole is 
 three-eighths of an inch in diameter and very evenly drilled. The 
 upper part of the stem on both sides of the bowl shows, on close 
 examination a number of small facets, while the sides are worn and 
 smooth. 
 
 This pipe was probably smoked with the aid of a long wooden 
 .stem, and from the size of the bowl must have been more for cere- 
 monial use than personal enjoyment. 
 
 This is a typical Micmac pipe, and one of the most pronounced 
 types of aboriginal pipes. ^ 
 
 StciNE Pipe Bowl Without Stem. — Some months ago Mr. R. 
 Jardi.ae, a member of this Society, told me that a number of years ago 
 at Shettield, in Sunbury County, he had seen stone pipe bowls which 
 he thought were of Indian origin. I had therefore thought it probable 
 that specimens would be found. Not long afterward Mr. Archie Hay 
 placed in my hands a stone pipe bowl (fig. •_>, pi, ix) only partially 
 completed, and so of very considerable interest. It was found by him 
 on the site of the old Indian village of Meductic, and the material is 
 a light brown argillaceous freestone (sandstone). The block from 
 which it was formed gives evidence of having originally been part 
 of a celt, though the inateiial is not the best for such a purpo.se. 
 In length it is H inches, in height 2 inche.s, and 1^ inches wide. 
 It was evidently the intention to reduce the height, but the work was 
 only partially done. The l)owl <>,nd stem hole have both been roughly 
 
 *Am. Aboriginal Pipes and Smoking Customs, 189!t, p. (130. 
 
 t Pop. Science Montlily, Dec. I89.S. 
 
 ^Am. Pipes and Smoliing Customs, 1899, p. 630. 
 
NOTES ON THE ARCH.KOLOCiY OF NEV," BRUNSWICK. 
 
 297 
 
 exf .vated, and tlie work on them was never completed. The bo\vl 
 is so shallow Q of an inch deep) that it is possible that part of the 
 top has l)een broken away. The stem hole is /'^ of an inch in diameter 
 narrowing to ' of an inch. 
 
 Unlike mi»uy similar stone pipes, this specimen shows rn, signs of 
 having been made with the aid of metal tools. A flake of quartz or 
 chert would work well on such material, and probably some such 
 implement was used. When npleted and ready for use the pipe 
 would have been fitted witli a stem of wood or bone. 
 
 iRoyi-ois Pipe.— The pipe (PI. ix, fig. 4) belonging to Professor 
 Bailey is one of g-reat intv..est. It was found some years ago in the 
 basin below Aroostook Falls, and is in good preservation. 
 
 A description was given in a former Bulletin*, but as many copies 
 of that number were issued without plates, I liave thought it well to 
 again draw attention to it. 
 
 It is a clay pipe, and on tl.e inner side of the bowl, facing the 
 smoker, the aboriginal artist imprinted a human face. It is a well 
 baked piece of potteiy, of which the body is dark grey, and lather 
 coarse, and the exterior is covered with a reddish glaze, due to im- 
 proper firing. A gloss has been produced on this paste, by rubbing, 
 before the baking. In the depressions, however, round the mouth and 
 eyes, there is no gloss, so the shining sarface may be partly due to 
 use. The - olor is reddish brown, but on portions of the bov/1 and 
 stem ilark patch-js appear. The interior of the bowl shows a fire 
 crack o- each side, nearly an inch long, produced in the baking of the 
 ipp. Tiie bowl is tl'ick, and the bore of small capacity— i;j inches in 
 (ieptli—t.umpet shape, and narrowing down from a diameter at rim of 
 ;; of an inch to ^ of an inch where the stem hole enters. The rim is 
 decorated with a lattice work patte of incised lines about J of an 
 inch in length. The ornameniati( nearly o*liu rated by wear. 
 
 This pipe clearly belongs to the type ,v ..ch McGuire calls "Iroquoian," 
 from tiie observed fact that it is the type found distributed over that 
 area of North America formerly inhabited by the northern Iroquoian 
 ti ibes. 
 
 It is v,'ell known that the Mohawks were in the habit of making 
 fdiays into this province, and on such an occasion this pipe m <y have 
 been lost. 
 
 * BuUetin of this Society, No. VI. 
 
298 
 
 nULLKTIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
 
 SOAPSTONE pipE.-Figs. 3, 3a and 36 show side and end views of » 
 
 .' h iZir^ T' "'"''" "''''' "•*' '^"^ *"^ tastefully decorated 
 with „ used circles, cu.es, dots and geometric desiK-ns. Below the 
 
 .em ole, near the base, a hole has l.en l.red so that the bowl cou d 
 
 oe fastened to the stem to avoid loss in the snow. Prof W F Ganon^ 
 
 tolls me that he has seen in two or three museums in OnLl "! J 
 
 .oapstnne pipes inlaid with lead in the same way as this specimen 
 
 though not of the ...,e pattern. V specimen in'the museum ^ftl' 
 
 Fn;. :!. n„ 
 
 SoAPsTo.v- Pi,.K, inlaid with lead. (Natural size). 
 
 Natural History Society, Montreal, is labelled " Indian pipe, inlaid 
 with bullet metal. Formerly used at the trading forts on the central 
 
 Thi.s specimen is the property of Dr. I. Allen Jack, who has kindly 
 placed It in my hands for study. It was given to him in 1871 by 
 Mr. Geo. W Rowley, at that time manager of the Bank of Montreal 
 at Newcastle, N. B. I sent a drawing of this pipe to Mr. David 
 Boyle, curator of the Ontario Archaeological Museum, and. in a letter 
 among other things, he says : " As far as I am aware, the specimen 
 you figu,-e IS the most easterly find of the kind, and is valuable on 
 that account. As Prof. Ganong's remarks indicate, such specimens 
 
NOTES CN THB ARCU.KOLOOY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 299 
 
 ar. coP^Uion in the North West. We have several in our museum, 
 buc .me having a similar pattern. Wo hav^ them of soapstone,' 
 limestone and catlinite, all inlaid, and all from the North West. It 
 is impossible to .say how the pipe could have reached your part of the 
 country ; one can only guess. We know that some Indians travelled 
 great distances from their habitat, and in this way the pipe may 
 have come to you, or it may have been brought by some missionary 
 or trader." 
 
 Miss Emma Jack has kindly furnished the drawings of this pipe. 
 
 BIBLiO(iKAPHV. 
 
 For the convenience of members of this society I Lave thought it 
 well to give titles of some articles which have been published, con- 
 taining information about the archa'ology of New Brunswick. 
 
 Baikd, Spencer F.-Aborigiiml Shell Mouiuls of New Brun.^wick and New 
 Entflund. Proc. U. S. Xat. Museum for 18H1, Vol iv (188'') 
 pp. -JShJ-^!).). 
 
 Bailev, Pbof. L. VV.— Indian relics from Xew Brunswick. '• .Science " Vol i 
 (1883), pp. 245.246. 
 On .lelics of the Stone A<,'e in Xew Brunswick. Bulletin of this Societv, 
 No. vi., 1887, pp. 3-16. 
 
 Fowler, Rev. James. -On Shell Heaps in New Brunswick. Report Smith- 
 sonian Institution, 1870, p. ;}S9. 
 
 <iooDwiN- \V. L.— Notes on an old Indian Encampment. "Can. Record of 
 Science, ' January, 1893. 
 
 Jack, I)k. I. Al;,en.— Laney Stone or Stone Medallion, from St. George. 
 Report Smithsonian Institution, 1881, pp. 66.J-671. An ttCcount°of 
 this Medallion also appeared in the " Canadian Antiiiuarian and 
 Numismatic Journal," Vol. vi. (1877-1878, pp. 166 167. 
 Matthew, Dr. G. F.- Discoveries at a Village of the Stone Age, at Bocabec. 
 Bulletin of this Society, No. iii (1884), pp. 6-29. Reprinted in 
 Bulletin x., 1892. 
 Report on Summer Camp at Frer^h Lake. Bulletin of this Society, 
 
 No. xiii. (1896), pp. 8-; 8«. 
 A Forest Fire at St. John about 2000 ye-ars ago. "Can. Record of 
 
 Science," Vol. viii.. No. 4, for July, 1900. 
 <;juarry and Workshop of the Stone Age in New Brunswick. Proc. Royal 
 Society of Canada, Second Series, Vol. vi., 1900. 
 
300 
 
 UL'LLKTIN OF TIIK NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 I'l.ATK VI. 
 
 stone with ,K,c.ke,l co.noal hole.. Holes shows a ,,ecke,l surface and nor.e 
 of them arc smooth, or .how concentrir «triation. SiL, 8J x II x 2J 
 
 Plate VII. 
 
 Figure L Pe.uhuU of ,,ark .late, from CaiuV River. Northumherlan.I County 
 Natural size. ""•'.>. 
 
 Fif?ure2. ^;;:»J ^^^^'e-.-l^nt or hrea..t,,h.te. Found at Ring I.hu.d. 
 
 Fifrure .3. Brokon pendant from In.iian Point. (Jran.l Lake. Natural size 
 ^.gure4. Ornamented ..ndant, of dark .-late, fron. Indian Point .Trand 
 
 Uxke. Natural size. 
 Fi^rurco. Ormu„e,aed ,.njn.t, of ^reeni.h grey slate, from Indian Ponu. 
 
 «>rand Lake. Natural size. 
 
 Plate VIII. 
 
 Fi.nne ,. H'.llow hone in which the harpoons were encased when found at 
 
 iJak «ay, (hailottc County. 
 Figure •-'. Ba. oed hone harpoon, (i- inches long. 
 Figure .3. Barbed hone haipoon. (i inches long. 
 Figuie 4. Fragment of a bone harpoon. 
 
 PfATK IX. 
 
 Figure L «;-;; >;•i•-;^;;_^^-^c " ty,.. fro.n land opposite South Traoadie 
 
 FlSre.' ™;^'' '''°"f ^'P-->- f-n Fort Meductic. Natural size. 
 
 ChloMtep,pe,of "monitor" type, from Albert County. Natural 
 
 Figure 4. Chiy pi,H;, of " Iro,,uois " ty,«. Natural size. 
 
PLATE. Vr. 
 
 Stone with Conical Holes Reduced. 
 
 rsea 
 
PLATE Vll/ 
 
 f\ 
 
 r 
 
 i s 
 
 Hone H -.jpoons. SLUiHTLY Rbduckd. 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 Stone Pendants. Natural'Sizb. 
 
PLATE TX. 
 
 iL!S ^ ^ » .ft Jt/ 
 
 2 
 
 Indian Pipes. Natural Size.