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Upon a particular Occadon i J»jr M A T H E R B Y L E S, A M* Piftor of tke Firft Church of Cn&ut ia Ntw-Lindm, Publilhed at the Requeft of hit Hearen. Job xxxii. I, 3, 10. S§ they itafti t§ enfwtr Job» huaufe hi was rightteut in his 0WH Eytt % •— — thty Jound no Anfwtr^ and ysi had eondtmtitd Job. -^Thtrt/ore I faidf Hurki» to mm, lalfo wHtJbao mini Ofinion, #^ VEW'LOtfDOKi Pnntcd uA Sold bf T. Gixxk', |f occlxx. X r/f i HV The Chfittian Sabbath explained and vindicated EXOD. XX. 8. Rmtmbir the Sabbaib-Daj to JctepU Holy, '"•A m * » •. A If 5 ycry meUnchoIy Remark that I am obliged t( cnake, at an Introdyrticn eo the prefent Dif- cr-'^re I tha.. there is n« one Article of Religion, *uht- in !)o(arine or Praftice, bat wha has been lae Subica of warm Debate. There ever hat been, an. vcr will be. in the prefent Conftitution of i ft»ni,v> U.oL who give heed to feducing Sjiriti j and depart from the Purity of that Faith, which was once delivered to the Saints. And as, upon thefe Occafioni, It IS the Duty of every Chrittian to vindicate the Reli- gion he profeflcs ; fo it is peculiarly incumbent upon ihc.c vyhocail thernfelves iheMiniftersof JesusCurist. This 15 their proper O/Bce. -Knowing, fays the Apoftlc, that I am ftt for tbi Defend •/ the Go/pel. You are all, by this Time, tufficicntly,«ppri|M of «y Defign, in feleding thefe Words, for your Entertain- ment this Day. You are fenfible that the CtrfJUan^ab' tatb hiS, of Jate, been puWickly attacked i and thofc who obfervc it have been challenged to prodrce lar Scripture- Warrant for the Praftice.- I «m not abouc ?° ^^}^. the Lifts, with a Party of deludeii VUionariii; A 2 ^ blinded iTifcr m ^ir owtt Coac^lf th.ii fe^en Men 0^ rtMlef . Re.foo. Thcfe wt may pity iJpro^C? we 1 rutfc. A Man aighc trgtw wnh a Wlivj>i>ri VIl with fe.foo.bk Crettur*. : I would ttkTit foTmS.^ « »in not be M uatrekooM Ditcvtm. if. bmb aI X prepofe, therefore i n. r# mptifi hw /gr tbh ammsndii msmL snd P^[>^^psy,Mrp0intidfir this End, wm, altifid, • •i ihi RtfurrtMt$n if tur LORD, and, IV. my Psfsits, t» ibis ?uffofi, 6re ntt JUll ^fuqutnt, in tbt Niw-7iJletMH ; mcrtpsjitivt pJoya)ent, And k H f^8u«gc of ch« Fropbct. Ifi. hwv a., fr^. >j^ i^>r# i»^. /s„k tki LORU. Tbii Fradice waa Hi? ^°";*f »""*i by our Loud J..U. Chrut him^ IJi* K f ^'',^."'-'^*]' ^'^ »»"". w»»< he wti upon fc*4irth 1 Md his Apoftiei. after his Afcennon. prea«hing in cbt J^!!^^^' "P"" the Sabbath-Day. Jt affca. not th. prtfant Afgumrnt whichtr (hit was the Firft or Se^entli Day of the Week. All that 1 n,w infift upon ij? that if there is a Sabbath, under the GofpcUt ia • Day appropriated to putlick H^orjhip. Whether thert »• or HOC. we ikiW fee prcfenily. Only, take Notice. o!f "^ n "r ^'^T ^ demonftrated, the other {fol- i J'rr° , • "ti '^^^ °/'8^"*' "*•• «>' • Sabbath at jccefTarily in. luding puHick Worjhip, as it does a RiA ihe Sabbath is not compleat. From wherce. by tS Way we may gather the following ufcful Corollary i a 1 ruth which, perhaps, is feidom thought on .• apd thai is that where there is no puhlick H^orjbip, the Sabbath 11 not properly celebrated ; and thofc who feparatc them- Jelvcs fwcn this Divine Inflitution, whatever they may think of It, and how devoutly focver they may fpend their Time m their Clofets, they cannot be faid to r»!f^* ^. r ^'^ Perfon tht. ^bfcnti him fcif from tftc Worfiiip of God in his Sanftuary, u effediwlir breaks the Sabbath. 11 if he laboured in his worldir Uufineft. It II t eonmon Obferration indeed, tkac Ne* teffity ha, no Law j wd in Cafes of Necemty, wc' nuy be abfent. True j and in Cafei of Neccffity; ^c may alio Mmt upon the Sabbath : but neither m •ne iBRtnce, nor the other, can ' e properly be fiiid to *i« the&bfcathi and NothiBg thc^ biS? K ii(^Uine4 and vindiutid. nty Cin ever juft.fy either the one or the other. V. )uM we ic f j. « S4bbich (hen. we rr.un net hrjaki tbt ^Ifm- hH. i '2 '*^**^'"' ^' '*' ^''''"' '^i'^' *• wKulI'^^'""^'*: ""^'V^«V"^«'i»th« bcHdcther.lwo. wh.th -ppcar to te the prmcip.! Knd» of « Stbb.iM \ here ., a,K,ther. wh.ch f..rr., to bef-condMry and fubor* ''..,' J 7'*." ^'^'•"''-'of f:>nie txcraurdinarr •n h.it h-ppcned s or at leatl thac it is no n.odrrn Invcn- .100. but W4. generally credited at the very T.rre i^htri It was fa.d ro happen. Thus the Pa^ adijlual s!bbath v|a, dtf.gned a,.M.aioria! of God's creating the World, in fix Days ; and rtft.r .pon the fcventh The Mo. /|«/^* w.Mntendcd mr. particularly, to rommemoulr .^m.raculou. l> i^ranc< of IJr.eUum,U. lZ% Ijjpt. And.ohkeMwnner, KhtChrfJlhn, as v^'t km. aJa'u'^ ^^^^'^^'^^^ fo tl>« «^efurred,on of O.KisT. And I look upon ic ro be the bed Evidence that we hav. or that It IS pombic we fhould have , the bfclf i;blif;td to take any further Notice cf it. I (hall only make thefe general Oofervations ; that themoft obwicus and literal Scnfe of Scriptoreis ufually the righteft ; that when this will any Way bear, we have no Authority to perplex it vt'ith Expofitions of our own ; that when we attempt to explain it, we muft be very careful left we be in any Degree influenced by Prejudice and a Party- Spirit i and when in Oppofition to the literal Senfe, Things which ought to he proved, are taken for granted, as in the Cafe before ns wc have great Reafon to fufpeft this ; and oughp cj look upon it as no better than begging the Quellion. I proceed therefore to examine, wherein the Morality of tiie Sabbath confids, and kow far it is ex- tended. That the Infinite Creator Is to be adored, by every rational Being } that Creatures formed for Society, a« we are, fhould worfhip him in a publick and ^cial Manner ; and that,^ in Order to this, particular Times ihould be fet apart for the facred Employment, either bytheexprefs Appointment of Heaven, or by mutual -'Agreement among Men j feem to be Propofitions ne- ceflariiy explained and vindicated. II ffeffarilyconneffled, founded upon the Nature & Reafoft of rhings. They are of, Conftqueiicc, mofi:! L)uiies» and nf perpetual Obligation. The UBivcrfal Praduc of Mankind,evcninthe moa barbarous & uncivilifcd Nati- ons where they have Nothing but the Light of Nature to dired them, is a lufficient Evidence of what I bavf now afTerted. They have all, as far as our Difcoverics extend, their particular Seafons for Divine Worlhip ) their folemn Aflcmblies, and lacred Fcftivals. The Matter \n Debate then, is not whether particular Seafons fliould be appropriated to publick Woifhip ; ihij Nature teaches, and /^/j even the illiterate Savage confeffcs : But the Quell ion is this -, What is the pro- per Proportion for Man in his prelent State ? I fay, for Man in his prefent State : for other Creaf'jres, as far as wc know, may hivc different Proportion? afTigned them ; as their Obligations, Circumftanc(8 ^NtcefTitits, mayditlcr from our's. The eie6lAngtls,& ihe Spirits of" !utl Men made perfed, are capable ot (olenHiifing a per- petual Sabbath -, and their Halielujabs afcend, inccflTant. This certainly cannot be expeded ot us i for it is a Ser- vice which, upon many Accounts, we are not able to perform. The whole Difficulty then lies in afljgnirg a proper Propm-tion for Man in bis prefent Utate. And this is a Poi-c concernifig which, jf there was no Re- velation ta determine it, it is impoffible that the Gene- rality of Mankind Oiould ever agree. TheConftquence of this would have been, that the Proportions afligncd would have been every whit as various as the Tem'pers of Mer> i end it is highly probable, that in a little! ime, there would have been no Proportion at all. Thofe of a fuperftitious Turn would have been for multiply- ing thcfe Seafons, and devoting the bigger Part of their Time •, while others of a gayer Difpofition, and loofer Principles, (which arc generally the moft numerous ; • would have thought once in a Month, once in a Year, or perhaps once in their Lives, fufficient. In fucfi a Cafe as this,ic is rcafonable to imagine, that the God of B 2 Peace, "« 14 rhe CHRISTIAN SABBATH Peace, who is intimately acquainted with the humane Coaltitution i and who could not but torcfee theendicfs i^iiputcj. which would otherwilc nectlTirily arifc among b«a Creatures •. would interpcfc his own Authority, and •Icertain the important Point. Accorriirgly, we find Mm m tad doing fo, trom the Bfgmntn.r of the World ereatmg jt in fix Uays. which he could as cafiiy have i'^Vl. ^^ "'^'"'» ""'^ '^^'^•"g "PO" the feventh j by this Aa. appointing one Day in feven. as ihe proper FropoTttan /en Man in bis pnjent State. And as this vasoaa,naHy a Divine Institution, we have Rcafon to think that this is the exaft Medtum ; that, as to u». there is a moral fitnefe m this particular Proportion beyond any other that could have been invented by hu- mane Wit, And if the Precept is moral, it follows of Confequence that it mud be of perpetual Obligaticnv Ihere could be no Alteration in it, wnlcfs thtre were a correfpondert Alteration in the Nature of M.n.- Which Ms me to mention the only plaufible Obj^aion to thi^ iicheme, that ar prefent I readUy think of : And that is, fn'/i Q !r[''^ *" Alteration at the Fall of Adam \ and the Sabbath was inltitutcd for Man in a State of In' nocence. But as w. fee no ether Precept of the moral Law, conforming .tfelf to the prefent Corruption of humane Nature ; I know of no fpccial R alon, why w f^ould expeft rt m this. T&e Lam of the LORD I - i and mult therefore eonfider Man, as a Cr«- ture perfea ,n his Kind. This Ob^.dioo, I think, vanifhesofCo«.fe ; and upon the while, the Propor- tion of one Diym Seven, appears to be fknmy mira); and of perpetual ObHgaiion. ^ * Having gradually proceedetf in our Enqtiiric?, thus V\^n "^%^^^,"""y f^d to examine, in the nextPIace, .vbtcbDay of the /even is mcf, proper for tb, Purpofe I ^o mnrlft" « evident at firfl Sighr, that there can be 7. IT ?'^! '" ''"'^y ' "^"'•'^ ^'^«" 5n another. Lec Z^^''?^ ^.^^^^ r;« '^i^'* the fame Prnportior. is pre- 4eryed, the faaie Duties pwferraed. One Da> of the Week ^m tjipUinti and vinditalti. «J ■s^ Week is at long as the other j it returns with equalFre- quency % and js in iifelt, equally luitablc t( r Reji^ or fVvrJhip. Here we have opened a new Source of cvcr- lattmg Difcord. Mankind, if left to themfelve , would be as unliHcly to agree in this, as in nxing the exaft Proportion. As a Memorial^ indeed, one Day might be cttcemed preferable to another : but then, it is natu- ral to fuppole, that in Prc-fs of Time, rvery Day in the Week would be accidentally diftmguiflied, by fome extraordinary Events, which difFt^rent Panics would be zealous to commemorate Hete then, it appears pro- bable, that a Being of Infinite Goodnefs, a God of Or- der and not of Confufion would again ifiterpofe. We muft have Rccourfe to Revelation j and the pofitiva Appointment of Heaven muft determ'ae the Matter Under the Old-Teftament Difpenfation, we may hear GcD bimfelf pronouncing, from Mount ^inai ; v,> Days /halt thou labar, and do all thy f^ori^ but the Seventh is the Sabbath of the LORD thy GOD. Thf fe- venth Day was then diftinguilhtd as a Sabbath, and ap- propriated to the immediate Exercifc of Divme Wor- flifp. However, as there is no moral Fitnefs in this Day, beyond any of th'- others i as its peculiar San^ity depended entirely upon a pofitivt loflitution ; there is no Ablurdity in fuppofmg, that the particular Day may be altered, by Divine Authority : nor, if it fliould be. wouW it in the leaO affed the Morality and Perpetuity ©f the Sabbath •, which, as we have already ktft^ i founded upon different Principles. Some have conjec- tured, and Hot wholly without Foundation* th.ai the particular Day was aaually changcd,at the Deliverance of Ifratl from the Land ftt Egypt v that tke Pctriarcbat Sabbath,& Kh(tmfa:ckyVitTe really two different Days of the Week. Be that as it will, it certainly taay bs charg- ed, without any Improprieiy, or Inronveniencc i and this IS all that I am, at prefcnt, CGntending for. Upon Ih? whQie j apd to (urn up all that I have ad- J^???3 M5dcr this Hgad» That particular Seafonj Ihould ■'C« I H Thi CHRISTUN S/tiB.ITh ihoold be fct apart for puMick Worfhip, apppar.-. to be • moral Precept, of perpetual Ofrtgurion, a d bilcovc- ftbJt by the Light ot Natw«. Thar one Day m fevcn fliouid be the cxaA Proportion, is alfo a moral I )uty, and perpetually obliges : but is ailtovtrablt only by Revelation. But when we find this or jh^t parnculur p»yof theWerk,approprMted to fhcficredi'urpofr ithis is merely a pofitivt & temporary Irftitution, wh:ch miy htaltercd.by Divine AppoinfBient.w^thout atteding ihe Morality ot thpS«bbath. Having premi.'ed the feThings I have now cleared the \\ ay to the Grand Point which W! Iiave before im i and proceed, in. Toenptire^ what Renfon w have to fuppoff, that tht par titular Day.appcinttHi for this tnd^wai altered, at tbt RtlwretJian §f our LORD. And as we have fee n, that m this^art of our Search, it is impoflible we fhuuld liave any Light, but that of Revelation, to direft us j I fhaH now point You at /one of thofe PafT^ges, in facrcd Writ, which appear, moll plainly, to intimate fuch a Change. The Firft Pdffage,rh(it 1 fh.ill mention.is in the Hun- dred «Bd Eightrrnth Pfttlm, at the twenty fecomi Verfe md on i where we read, 7 he Stone •which the Butlden refufed, is become the Heaa of the Corner. 7h:s is she LORD*s Doings it it marveUous in cur Eyes. J his Pfalm, the Rabbinic a I Wui^n iht-mlcives acknowledge, has a Reference to the Messiah : but we have no Net d of their Teftimony, in the Cafe before us. Cfcriftians muft contefs, that Scripture is the beft Interpreter of Scripture ; theNewTeftamcnt the moll infallibleExpoft- tor of the Old ; and we find it exprefly applied to our blefied Lord, Aft iv. lo. where P^/^r, after the Cure of a Cripple, publickly declares, in the Fare of the Jewi^ Sanhedrim ; Be it known unto you all and to all ibi Peaplt ofUnel^that by the Name of JE US CHRhT ef N,i2areth, whom ye crucified, whom GOD raifed from the Dead^ even by. Him doth this Manjiand hire before Ton f 1 explained and vindicated. "5 4i^ I I'ou whole, Jhii is the Stcne which was fet at Nongit oj Tou Builders, wbieb is become thj Head of the Cvtaer. From whence we m«y gather, not only, that our LoRb Jesus Cfaist is the Stone here fpokcn of : but «)lo, when it was that this Proj»hecy was fulfilled. At his Crucifixicn, he was defpifcd, of fet at Nought of the Builders ; at his Refurrrdlion, he becamr the Head of thflf Corner. — JVhom ye crucified, wbem COD raifed from the /)/'ji.--,Now, let us mark the Words, which imnieiiatelv follow, in the Pfalnift. This .7 the Detf which the LORD bath made^ we will rejojce and beglai in //.•••What Day ?- -the Day in which the Stone that the Builders rejuftd, became the Head of the Corner j or, in other Words the Day on which our Lord Jisus CiiR'ST arofe from the Dead. Ikis is the Day which the LOUD has made, which he has choftn for himfelf, and ii) which he challenges a fpccial Propriety. IVewill rf Joyce ii7id be ghd in it, worfhip the dear Btn^f«^^or, and comme moratf his redeeming Love. A confidera- Llr Evidence this, rhac tlic Day of our Lord's Rel'ur- frdiion, fhould be celebrated as a Sabbath, under the Gofpel. The next Place that I fliall point Yot/ to. You may find in chcEteventhChapter of Ifaiah, at theTenthVerfe. ji'dd intbat Day^ *btre jJjall be a Root of J tile, which Jhalljiar:d for an Enfign of the People \ to it JhaL the Gentiles Jeek^ and his Reft flmU be glorious. We are here taught, that the Messiah, when he appeared, would iQcroduce a glorious /?>"n the Fiift Day of the Week, «.*« /i, Z)Mr/ mre Jhut, when tit DircilZ need ,„ ,be M,ifi,„i faith u,to ,hm, pjcbe umoZ. The Particulars of th« n,en,orable Interview are bu briefly recorded : bu: then it was, in all Probability, tha our Lord J«t,s Christ, having refted from hisWork foft inftituted the Cfcriftian Sabbath. Accordingly" « the twenty fiwh Verfe of the fame Chapter, aft"? eight Days y& .^^ iitpisinid gui vin4i€§Ui, •«7 Dtyi mlnfivtlj, ( agreeabl at the Feaft of /><»- wre/r, which, a fmall Acquaintance with Jtwi/h Anti- ^L^%^f convince us, was upon the Firji Dnj of the mtk i we again view the Difciplcs met together. ^itb one Accord, and in one Place •. the Holy Spirit further honouring the Day. by making a vifible Dc- fccnt, and communicating his miracuJous Gifts i and ft Difcourfe of Pe$er'9, confcquent upon it, fuccecded. • «n^ CoBvcrfion of Three Thoufand Souls. It is [f""*!?*?'^' ""^ ^'^orthy our Notice ; that it was upon the Ftrft my of the fTeek, the Firft Sermon was preached, after the Afcenfion of our Lord, and the l-irft Coaverts added to the Chriftian Church. After this, the Cuftom fcems univerfally to have obuined among the Gentile Frofcffors ; and we find Paul, Afls XX. J. preaching at Troas, upon the Firft Day of the Wetk when (as it Ihould fccm was ufual upon that Day J the Dtfctples came together to break Bread. We hndhira afterwards, dircfting the Church zt Corinth,, r II 1-^^ <-hapter of his Firft Epiftle, to make their CoUcdions, upon the Firfi Day of the mek ; from whence we may conclude, that this was the moft con- venient Day, for the Purpofe ; and what other Reafon can be affigncd. why it fiiould be fo, only, beoaufe that on this Day, they were conftantly aflbmbled for Divinc Worlhip ^ Giving of Alms was cuftom. 'A I 1 f •ry tmong tke ytnu upon /AWf Sabl»atli » And Uit Apoftic, by traniferring tkii Ducy t« dM #ar/ Djy if/ /A# AIV#ift, ftfuig to hint, that this w%% to be looked upon at tho Sabbjub, aaiKHig Ckriftiaaa. lo ihort, uttlda thU wtrc cbc C«ff, it it dificulc to fiy, why the Ff>>l Bay tf $kt H^4fk fkould he fe frequcncly diftinguiOied, bfyond any other, in fo aaoy PJacti of the New-TeltameDC. At the TiMe whtn Jakn mtote hit RjvelaiiM^ this Day tppears, not only appropriated to Divine Worfhip .* but alfo, to have obcamed that new, aad siore honourable Tkle, whkh it aoiw wean. Thii, thofe that underftand the original I. ^% % \ i *-^ 'f >• tbtt. for a confidtMible Time, ihcy indulge^ the J*** U 'Ti. pfobtble thic they Irc^-cntly pretehed to them.ia their Syn.goguej, upon th.t D.yi « there "„ then a Concourfc of ftoplc. -Nor *•» "•efl*^*- ^r^'onomy eatirtly .bol.Oied. t.11 the find Deftm.- tionof y^^«'««. •"«! the Temple. Thi., 1 lo..k upoi> Z. XZ Anf»er to tk« Queftion. «hy «*"« « «o «»«/< C.-««W. in the New 'l'«"n«|;J' •??",'?"« ■ s"'b.tb, upon the Rrjl C«y »/ (*' '^f'*- ' ^"\ Mw finifted my Defign. .«d lh.« conclude, w«h . nUd^;f iTWhren -d re.Uf,. th. /-^-(--Z <»< riri/Ji/n SMath. You hare feen, that this it t»e G ." W ofthe Refurreaion of CHM.T , «pon «hich, the whole Fabrick of the Gofpel depend.. Suffer .ne to add. that. .. 'hi. » the m,,„ Frog of RtvtUlin, it i. alfo the principal Support of Pmc- KS». Take away the Sabbath.and what would Je the Confequcnce ? Errors in Doflrine and O-rrup. ^on in Praaice. would break in upon u.. l.ke . •'lood i Immorality would triumph, without Controul •. and lRno»nce fpread an unbounded Dominion. Thi. U. d Sd then be a Uni ./ DarkntJ^, a> 3«'t»'^ ''/fj „h,r/lbe Ligbt is a, Darkntfi. May God. of hi. iofimte Mficy. pteltrve u. from this, and every Error of he Wicked*^. .Rablift. u- in 'h« ?•"•>. "h-chwu once delivered to the Saint. ^ and fit us, by Sabbath, here below, for the Enjoy ment of an everl.fl.ng Sabbath, ^ 3 iI5 H ^< iUi M^'J r 1 J^ m..^ ^ r ' . kijir jirtM jBk" (^ ■% jd ^^^H f ^^^^^M "7'^'^H^^^I