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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre film6s A des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est ffilmi A psrtir de I'angie sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bes, en prenant le nombre d'imagas nicessaira. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrant la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 KINGSTON, ONTARIO ilSiSE^^iis " 'i^^M t &m m *'" ', ."i^'l^^^^ '.?; .v.si • — "•" . " — '"T*-^ — - v't" \ ■ If.'' Vjv---.«-1. . ' . ''. - ■ ^' A ■' ;>.' 1*1. ■;mm wm . M:::M 'Wm^^itfm^%'^^'''-'.^:mK^^ .-v^^- #§Cf^ ''^ .;':%^ ^rj*^iaiaS§l^^' Orv Ouio h>\ REPORTS [I \w>^. OF THE INSPECTORS OF THE FREE POl^g: •• or t > I » I GASPE AND SAULT STE. MARIE. TOGETHER WITH ) 1 1 tl ft ft > I ■ o • a 4 CERTAIN STATISTICAL TABLES OF IMPORT.^: • • • • • • • Reiwn rrinted in Condensed form, by Ordor of Join l Committee on Pnnfivg. •><»■'<>;<•, tt>iiiift|tit(ni>1i(>i, Mirk PRINTED HY lirNTER, ROSE & CO., ST. URSULE STREET. 1865. L ••• • • •••• • • • !:;V: ■ ..... « • • .;;;. ••••:: • t WiV. • .••. !••*'•'. • • • • • • ',',:!: ••• • • • • • •••• ...;. • • •••• • • •> -•• •- •••' • • • • ft • • • • • • • . • . • • • • •. ." .*• * • • • *•*.!* • • • !*'!:* • • • . • . . • . • • • • . A .. . . .. . . %••. • • • •••• »To an A( Aug! Secretar Que SlB,- ultimo, dir« tricts attac alleged smi informatior That] preparatioi ference wil to Restigoi mail bavin am instrue for the com and the soi My ro stock and '. Chaleurs t point on tl Richmond to collect i of my mis! Ther quently, si nights, an( Ishal Brunswici I call informed 1 Port from them. The c was some : Port into 1 him to pui waited on RETURN an Address of the Honorable the Legislative Assembly, dated 17th August, 1865, for Copies of Documents relating to Free Ports. By Command. Secretary's Office, Queb 3C, 14th September, 1865. WM. McDOUGALL, Secretary. =B3« ?',■;« «.-. Perc]^, QABVt, 6th March, 1865. Sib, — In obedience to instructions received from your Department, dated January, ultimo, directing me to make a Special Inspection of the Free Porta of Gaspfi and the Dis- tricts attached thereto, to enquire generally into the operation of the system in force — alleged smuggling and other matters connected therewith — and to report to you for the information of the Honorable the Minister of Finance, I beg therefore to state, — That I proceeded as soou as possible from Quebec, (haying gone to Montreal to make preparations for a long winter journey) after having had the benefit ol a protracted con- ference with yourself, to Riviere du Loup, and there, ascertaining that the Metapedia road to Kestigouche was not passable with horses by reason of late, heavy falls of snow (the last mail having been carried by dogs), I decided to travel by New Brunswick, the more as I am instructed to visit the Ports of that Province and learn on the spotif there were grounds for the complaints of contraband trade from the District of Gasp6, intending to return by Mitis and the south shore. i nr j My route lay by Lakes Temiscouata and Madawaska to the St, John, then to Wood- stock and Frederickton, thence northerly to Miramichi and Bathurst, along the Bay des Chaleura to Dalhousie, up the Restigouche River to Campbelltown, thence over to Crosfl- point on the Canada side, and following the north shore of the Bay passed Carleton, New Richmond and New Carlisle on the way to Perc6 and G«sp6 Basin, stopping at each place to collect information from Custom House Officers, merchants, and f«ettlers, on the subject of my mission. The roads were very heavy, the effect of recent snow storms j my progress was, conse- quently, slow and unpleasant j I found it necessary to travel by the stage three whole nights, and part of others. . I shall confine myself in this report to that illicit trade said to be earned on with New Brunswick from Gasp6, as it was the first matter I inquired inte. I called on the Collector of Customs (stylei Deputy Treasurer) at Frederickton, and informed him of the object I had in view. He stated that there was no smuggling at that Port from Gasp^. I did not think there was, at there is little or no communication between them. The collector at Chatham " Hiramichi," on whom I called, said there undoubtedly was some illicit traffic, especially in spirits put up in fish and oil barrels, from the Free Port into the Miramichi, in fishing-boats by night, but he had nade seiiures. I requested him to put his opinions on paper, which be did — Please see letter annexed, No. 1. I also waited on the Collector at Bathurst, on arrival ; he stated to me that one-fourth of the 684 52 goods imported withiu hi but not iu that towi igglctl from Gasp6, and survey, ne Had bo reported to the Provincial Tr< asurer at the Seat oi Government, but he had not a sufficient number of coast officers to prevent it — some of his opinions are also reduced to writing in Appendix No. 2. My next visit was to the collector of J)Hlhouiic ; he said it was a fact that a contraband trade, on a small scale, was constantly carried on from the District of Gasp6 to places within his survey. He m<.ntioiied instances — one of a hogshead of Brandy, another of two puncheons of Rum and four boxes of Tobacco ; again, leveral cases of spirits had been smug- gled to the New Brunswick side — but he had not means at command to prevent it, and had made uo seizures. He had been written to from headquarters on this subject, and had reported the true state of affairs. He added, he was then on the look out lor forty cases ol Gin which he heard were about to be brought over the ice from Carleton. He iul'ormed me that he believed a great deal ol goods were transported from the Free Ports to the Canadian side of the liestigouohe, outside the limits, where lumbering is carried on, and landed withcut payment of duty. He was of opinion that the officers were not sufficiently on the alert, that the limits of the Free P-^i-ts should be restricted, and that a Supervisor of the whole District and Islands ought to be appointed He has since written me a letter, which is an interesting one, as ho is a most intelligent officer. — Appendix No. 3. Next day I called on the collector of Campbelltown, the most western port of New Brunswick, and he told me he beliovud there was no smuggling of any consequencj from the District of Guspe into his survey. Uo^vover, on one occasion he had reason to know that two casks of spirits were landed on the Canada side of the Ilestigouche (the boundary between the two Provinces; in order to be afterwards brought across the river and illegally landed, which he supposed h.id been done and without detection. He added that what- ever smuggling existed was in liquors. Before leaving New Brunswick I wrote to the collectors at Caraquet, Shippegan, She- diac, Richibucto and St. John, as it was not necessary and would occupy too much time to visit them, but liave only, as yet. heard from the two latter, whose letters Nos. i and 5 aro appended. The conclusion I have arrived at respecting this illicit traffic from the Free Port of Gasp^ into the neighboring Province, after due deliberation, is, that it exists to a consid erable extent. In addition io the statements I have elicited, before alluded to, I beg to say that before leaving Quebec I was told, by a respectable young man from Bay Chaleurs, that he had occasionally seen a hogshead of Gin put on board a fishing boat at New Carlisle, which immediately stnrted for the New Brunswick side. The Sheriff of the County told Mr. Wann, Revenue Officer at Carleton (as the latter informed mo) that he vr&s aware that a^ fishing boat, laden with casks and capes of spirits and other goods, regularly left New Carlisle or Paspebiac once a week, for the opposite shore ; that her rigging was sometimes altered to avoid notice or detection. While in Dalhousie, N,B., a hotel-keeper told me (riot knowing my business) that he had soon to go over to the Canada side for a hogsl.ead of Brandy, which he intended to bring in and land at night. I shall not, in this report, offer suggestions regarding check or prevention, as I have not yet had time to analyze the information I have collected, or to put my own thoughts on the subject into shape. I have seen and heard enough to convince me that the privi- leges of the Free Port are abused, that smuggling is carried on out of the Diitrict to New Brunswick and by the St. Lawrence into Canada, that the facilities for doing so are very great, and that it is time a stop were put to such demoralizing and fraudulent practices, an object which, in my humble opinion, by the introduction of some changes, both Depart- mental and iu the present mode of discharging official duty, can be, in a graat measure, accomplished. The whole, nevertheless, respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed,) H. Kavanaqh. R. S. M. Bouchette, Esquire, Commissioner of Customs, Quebec. i(No.l.) H. Kavanapl SiR,--J 1 instance of n 1 there concoii ^ tion , has bee I But fro 5 extent betwt i' craft or boat their destina Mr. Wi (No. 2.) Sii?,— I Free Fort of on, to a grea In my c vention can 1 suggest, exci H. Kavanag (No. 3.) Sir,— I the Free l^ of the Free them to and hither, of w thwarting tl fined to spir Paspebiac, } The ex with ordinal I was r 1863, torepf ous liquors, the inhabita Chaleurs Ba demoralizing now add, thi nitude that with the mc ral supervisi bfi necessari to the Port tained bctw^ Gasp^, aud fc he had not reduced to 1 contraband places within ther of two 1 been smug- jvent it, and ject, and had !brty cases ol le iul'urmcd Ports to the ried on, and b sufficieutl)' iupervisor of me a letter, 3. lort of New pienc J f'roHJ son to know lie boundary ind illegall}' that what •pegan, She- luch time to 4 and 5 aro hoc Port of to a consid I beg to say laleurs, that few Carlisle, County told s aware that ly left New s sometimes per told me a hogsliead n, as I have vn thoughts at the privi- trict to New so are very practices, an )oth Depart- at measure, I (No. 1.) Chatham, 20th February, 1865. H. Kavanagh, Esquire, iSiR, — In answer to your letter of the lOth inst., t have to state that (beyond, one instance of seizure of a cask of Crin brought in a small vessel from Gasp^; to Shippegan, there concealed under ship-knccs, and thence to this port), nothing from reliable informa- |tion,has been run into Miraraichi. J Hut from common rumor T am convinced that illicit traffic is carried on to a great i extent between Gaspe and some of the outports to the northward, being conveyed by small i craft or boats from Gaspo to New Carlisle and concealed under shingles, and then to their destination. Mr. Willeston, being very unwell, has requested tne to work for him. . I have th« honor to be, Sir, ►, . Your obedient servant, (Signed,) J. 0. E. Carmichael, Preventive Officer. (No. 2.) Dei'uty Treasurer's Office, Bathurst, 23rd February, 1865. Sii?, — In reply to your letter of 18th inst., relative to alleged smuggling between the Free Fort of Gaspe and this Province, I beg to inform you that such illicit trade is carried on, to a great extent, in open boats, principally by the inhabitants residing on theseacoast. In my opinion tho facilities for carrying on smuggling are so great that no mode of pre- vention can be succeesfulfy adopted on f/iia side, and, therefore, I know of no remedy to suggest, excepting the abrogation of the Free Ports. I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed,) Francois Meahan. H. Kavanagh, Esquire, Gasp6. kNAQH. (No. 3.) Dkputy Treasurer's Officb, Dalhousie, N. B., 25th February, 1865. Sir, — In reference to your inquiries respecting the trade of this Port, as affected by the Free Port of Gaspe, I beg leave to state, at first an attempt was made to take advantage of the Free Port to import goods generally by entering them at Gasp6 and then removing them to and landing them at Carleton, to await a favorable opportunity for transport hither, of which I received information, and being thus set on the alert, succeeded in thwarting the parties interested. Since then the illicitj traffic has been principally con- fined to spirituous liquors and wines, in fi-^hing boats and small craft in summer, from Paspebiac, Maria and Carleton, and upon the ice in winter. The extensive sea-board offering tempting facilities for such an enterprise, and which with ordinary means it is now impossible to control. 1 was requested by the head of my Department, about the close of the navigation in 1863, to report on the subject; to which 1 responded, that in addition to this traffic in spiritu- ous liquors, there had alwnys been free intercourse and exchange of commodities between the inhabitants in Canada and those in New Brunswick, bordering the Restigouche and Chaleurs Bay; that was unrestrained because uu controllable and consequently not considered demoralizing; that did not materially affect the revenue of either Province; and I may now add, that the smuggling of spirituone liquor.^ and threatens to assume a mag- nitude that will require the appointment of an experienced, competent and efficient officer, with the means of removal from place to place, at his disposal; and power to exercise a gene- ral supervision to subdue, and I humbly submit, to enable him to do so eftectually, it will be necessary for the Lefrislature to restrict the imnortation of srirituouB liouors and wines to the Port of Gasp6 proper, aud that a special correspondence by mail snould bd main- tained between the Gasp6 office and the diffcrorit pl::cc for which spirits arc ihipped in a addition to the reguUr ouitomi clearance, say by forwarding triplicate Macter'a manifest or content*, ur otherwiae. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient aerfaut, _ _ ^ „ r Signed,) W. 8tbwa»t. Henry Kavanagh, Eaquire, Deputy Treaaurer and Controller. H. M. Cuiioma, &o., 6aBp6 fiaain. (No. -i.) RioMiBCCTO, February 26th, 18C6. Sir,— In reply to your favor of the 20th inat., now at hand, I beg to state that I am not aware of any amuggling having taken place from the " Free Port" of Gasp6 since they became Free Porta. My officers, who are vigilant men, have been very careful in searching all vessels from that quarter, and have never been able to detect the smallest article of illicit trade, nor do I believe that any such trade baa taken place to any part of my district. I am. Si:, Your obedient servant, „ ^ ^ „ . (Signed,) Henrt Livinobton, Henry Kavanagh, Esquire, Deputy Treasurer and Controller of Customs. Gaap4 Basiq, Canada East. ^N°'|) ^ , St. John, N. B., 24th February, 18«5. igco T ' ,"/*P ^, *° y®"'" ' *"* °*'2^**' '^°^^-> ^ ^*^« *o '""-'» you ttat in November, l«bd, 1 applied to the several eputy Treasurers, from Dalhousie to Shippegan, to report to me relative to the reported 8ma,>gling into this Province from the District of Gasp^ *rom their reports I gather that there is much smuggling carried on in boats, which can land at various coves and inlets on our shor -, and which it is impossible to prevent or even check without such a BtaflF of officers as would be toe expensive for the Province • and unless it can be prevented by some means of the Canadian Government, we must con- tmue to suffer damage from the Free Port of Qaap^. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, H. K.,.,,.gh, E.,uire, ^^''^"'^'^ ^ ^'«"'- ^"""- Gasp6 Basin, Canada. <^ !?* '^*«''"'-— ^° Monday, and particularly on Monday night, we had a severe blow from the north and northwest; this cauaed a heavy drift. It was also intensely cold Ihis blocked up the roads, and travelling is very bad The mail due from the southward on Tuesday morning did uot reach Chatham until Ihursday morning. Considerable snow fell on Tuesday and Thursday, and on the latter there waa a heavy drift. It is very difficult to get on with the out-door work of the country ^** NBVf BRUNSWICK. Heavy Storm.--On Sunday night a snow storm commenced which lasted, without intermission, until this morning. Tr-e wind blew heavily, and in some places the drifts are very large and have so completely blocked up the roads that travel will be delayed for aome daya. The mail which left the St. John Office last night for Frederickton, and for th^ westward, could only get as far as Fairville. where they encountered drifts as high almost as the te^raph wires, and, finding it impossible to proceed, they returned to the town again until this moTDiog. Thj mail from Frederickton did not reach town until 3.80 p.m., and th« American mail had not arnvcd when ws went to press.— fi'/oie, February 14. Late I It Halifax < leen as the) Ithis, it did i Idition the r lympatbies )ntending [pf snow and (F. I Br«n4y Qin Rum Coffee, green.. Coffe« roasted Molaises Bngar, refined Sugar, other., Tea Tobacco, man Dried Fruit a Soap Wine of all ki Wine in bottl Wearing app Manufactures do d* do do do Oandlei Creokery and Cordage Oils, reoMfied Iron i.,. Other articlei Free Goods.., Duty, if oolli 1 I manifest or LT. troller. , 18C6. B that I am 6 since they in searching icle of illicit listrict. MiRAiiiOHi, Chatham, Saturday, February 25th, 1865. Late European Hewt. — Lut week we annonnoed that the steamer Europa had arrived i Halifax on Sunday. This Tesael did arrire at noon on Thursday week, and, had the roads een as they generally are, the mail woold hare been here on the day mentioned, but, instead of , this, it did not reach Chatham until Tuesday morning. This shows what a wretched con- idition the roads were in. If there be one class of men more than another that deserve our Isympathies and forbearance this winter, it is the couriers — they have had a hard time of it ^contending against storm after storm, and a sucoMsion of bad roads, owing to heavy falls of snow and heavy drifts. istoms. , 1865. November, to roport to rasp^. oats, which prevent or Province ; c must cou- ►INNV. (F. P. of G. No. 1.)— Comparative Importa at the Free Port of Gasp^. evere blow insely cold. tham until the latter he country. d, without s drifts are lelayed for n, and for bs an high ned to the 1860. 1861. 186S. Brandy gall'^ni. <3in do Ram do 186 3477 45 1 11390 5600 39822 2324 41785 38683 26725 983 22429 2275 10 $ 88 1397 43 1666 680 9419 239 2601 8128 4606 117 1219 270 72 9313 23053 6609 33575 10786 884 2350 740 2700 4159 1259 3585 23087 135124 1214 21606 5108 7995 3138 62897 7208 114286 77665 61854 12605 33776 2011 180 $ 1700 10802 3735 1121 343 15953 668 7167 24389 11416 962 2071 3426 406 13363 33881 10581 55533 19551 3724 2718 1036 4125 8314 4364 3746 22097 104&29 22x;. 27)22 6923 16831 935 111722 11719 329730 98868 58512 10482 26542 1583 93 $ 2408 11445 4384 Coffee, green Ibi. Coffee roasted and ground. do Molaisea gAHi< Bagar, refined Ibe. Sugar, other , de 3167 181 31988 1333 11686 Tea do Tobacco, manufactured do Dried Fruit and nutf do 36617 17184 923 Soap do Wine of all kinds in wood... galla. Wine in bottles do WA&rinff annarel. 1714 1604 562 16991 Manufactures, Woollens. 31767 do Leather. 11088 d* Cottons. 62451 do Hardware. 16078 1734 do ..FaneyGds. do Wood. !•• • *•••••••• 3358 Candles lbs. 1507 CreekerT and Earthenware 3743 Cordage 17968 Oils, reoMfied, Ac galls. Iron 1697 10433 3004 3445 3396 Other articles 37614 Free Goods 107060 ;;<^ 286558 374729 430180 '^f Duty, if oolleeted $65501 $77407 Amerioan 6 fF. P. of G. No. 2.)-E.p„rt, of Fish from the Free Port of Ga,p^, ,o the ?.l.t" October, 1862. [Statemi By whom exported. i Italy. Savage A Lecro»s I Chas. Robin A Co W. Truing & Co \. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. "" John LcBoutillier .......!!,.."!! LeBontillier Bros... J- & D. CoUas .".'.".'.'.'.'.'..." KoblinACo I ^'^^^^ 41643 22668 14838 9300 Spain. Brazil. 3879 8691 $ 13876 36368 9906 West Indies, Qt. Britain. 4009 105059 14034 6543 3100 30315 4360 696 6988 1860 6152 35247 95513 12857 6162 (F. P. of G. No. 3.) S....»„..„, ^■-^-'^^^^^.^^^.^ Q„ehee to the 1861. 186r. 6aspg. 162514 226663 Bonaventuro. $ 39403 46784 Magdalen Iglands $ 12369 5087 Labrador. $ 44226 49229 Total. $ 258512 327758 S«TBMeN. No. 2.-Valuo of Duty-paid Goods, exported fron, Quebec to the Free i'ort of Gasp^, in 1861 and 1862. ^^let Qttsp^. Bonaventure. Magdalen Islandf Labrador. Total. 1861. 1862. 26008 25848 9082 I 8093 614 743 $ 8445 14867 I 44149 49541 cTATEMENT No. 3.-Value of Bonded Goods, exported from Quebec to the Free Port of Gasp^, in 1831 and 1862. ^® Magdalen Islands | Labrador. Total. 2028 I 2357 I 24881 33723 ST„.M..Nr m. 4.-.-Val«e of Free Goods exported from Quebec to the Free Port o( Gasp(!, in 1861 and 1862. Gaspg. Bonaventure. 1861 $ 4192 ia62 1278 1862 1028 j 1861. 1862. F. p. of •Value o and 'Qaapfi. Perc6.. New Carlis Carlton Seven Islai Amherst or »Most Islands. , to the ?l>t les. at. Britain. $ 9 8 'i'll'i' 7 6162 bee to the Total. $ 258512 327758 to the Free [Statement No. 5.— Value of Goods imported into the Port of Quebec from the Free Port of Gaspd, in 1861 and 1862. 1 .'h Gasp6. Bonaventure. Magdalen fjlandi) Labrador. Total. ♦ 1861 $ 100754 117005 1 7062 14212 1 10244 5;!40 70846 64257 ■ $ 188906 1862 200814 ¥. p. of G., No. 5.— Memo. No. 1. •Value of Goods imported into Gasp^,Percd, New Carlisle, Carlton, Seven Islands and Amherst (Magdalen Islands) during 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861 and 1862. Gaapfi. Perc6.. =! 1858 New Carlisle. Carlton Seven Islands Amherst ur Magd. Islands.. 82128 92828 1859 $ 1860 49994 $224950 108665 126924 I $ 53087 53160 92021 included inNew Carlisle. 1861 1330 54803 43281 3029 54487 *151254 29659 1696 23624 1862 I : 97724 61220 144056 17791 *36934 40476 290392 286558 374729 398701 * Most likely the goods which went to New Carlisle in 1861, have this year been partially sent to Seven Islands. Total. 44149 49541 the Free Total. 24881 33723 Free Port Total. $ 9246 6087 F. P. of a, No. 6.~Memo. No. 2.-Partibs principally interested in Goods in 1858, 1859, 1860, 1801 and 1862, i Gaspt. Obs. Robin it Co. LeBoutillier Brs. Jn. LeBoutillier. Truing k Co I. A E. Collas... Wm. Hyman Others &i Legros 1898 82128 1859 108665 1869 1861 82128 108665 9847 13610 7291 1388 15960 4491 53087 29563 21743 18586 1862 Pero6. 1858 23364 19796 14680 4693 4S57 484441 35127 123120 18591 1860 I 1861 1862 97724 SI < I $ $ ....j 29530; 167,33 24228 ....' 3806 1038i 4826 ....' 1489, 48' New Car- 1^' 1858 j 1859 16663 1678 53166 18659 9099 45487 92828 126924 1868 $ 21733 10434 «1220l| 92828 126924 F. P. of G., No. 7. Statement No. 1.— Exports from the Free Port of GaspC. I860 Charles Robin 4 Co. LeBoutillier Bros.... Truing P6 Perc4 New Carlisle 9"iton ;•;•;;•;; Amherst Seven Islands .'...,*.'."*"!'. ■•••••••a •• 1808 217858' '221071 ' 252493 691422 timported : as per doc ISiU 1802 $ $ ■:-'.h?,\ 1(284 69815 4269 • *«>•*• : 18107; 851 151254 14405 i Ga?ip{?, du N .w ( IStid $ lO" r.( 253363 1 ^ 263. jt)3 i 18i during the 1 186y s 24471 7646 II /I iQfio ^'iiiported into Gaspd, Perc^, New Carlisle, Oarleton, Seven Islands and Amherst, n ana l»bJ, ^^ document No. 5, Memo. No. 1 . New Car- >8 1859 $ 1868 $ 28 126924 •• 28 1 1 126924 'iisle. ISfU 1802 ('ai'ltuii. Seven Ts!:itiil.'*. Ainher.st. aTc6. 61 1862 $ 462 800 $ 25681 20333 )60 56" '871*0 ' 5260 1200 15675 168 76749 1858 $ 217858' 22J071 252493 691422 1858 ISjtf IStill 1861 $ $ I $ I $ 1862 I 1858 1859 I860; 1SC1 1862 | lSi8 1859 lS60i 1801 1862 $ $ 7:!Sn;i| 1(2842 69815 4269511.. .. | l| i * I $ \' $ $ I * $ 18107: 8519' i 29669 17791 ... i49994 54803 ifiTtJ :<69;5-l 2.3624 4047(1 IM 254 144056 : I j 296591 17791 167fi ;^lti34 149994. 5480o 2.!624 40476 ree Port of Q^spd, during the years 1860, 1861 and 1862. N'l'w Carlisle. 18««i i 1S61 ■J5336:5 $ T07345 66242 1862 $ 61737 41092 Cnrlti'ij. .^ulheri)t. 1860 Seven Islands. 1861 1862 ; 18t)(l 1S6I | 1862 ' 1860 1861 i 1862 * 2644a2 I I ■!• . I. ' 8809 j 6230 ; ! 33924 ! I(;i90 I j 172117 i 8C5il0i 109059 -'33:Jt)3 i 1833i'fi s $ ! $ 1 i '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ^12028 I t 33924 ' 10190 ;: 264432 I;2I17 , HC.idOh 12028 ing Ports .luring the years 1858, 1859, i860, i:S61 and 18(52. 1859 1860 S 244765' 1861 1862 226084 ; 47010 :i5;-ii9o 1:66056 2537(13 2(14432 205572 i 36468 I 18.^396 I 33924 I 172117 I 7646U 790889 630477 191799 7(1749 l')9069 10195 30500 12028 492325 •i i 10 B o it! a> o ::> Oi ■♦* s ta a -t.3 00 as »i4 o o U a DC s c C3 c^ 00 ?o »H It O . i:^ UU a • o 3 Jz; 4) #^ a ^ *ta W o p; p; A <" 1 ^ .£3 ^- o> -yi 1-1 : -^ to 00 e^ IN »c 00 iM O O i^ ^ -^ (M *» CO M 1- M o •— : o 05 : to *■- * OS r~ • 0 -^ «C 1 : CJ r- : c-5 ■ ^H O ■ lO «» : .- : w W : ar " : : : : : : : : M^ : > * III I • I • • • • IS* ! • ■ M m : : •' : ' • • • • ■ ■ • ■ • • • • . 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In- dies. •saox •S19S -saA JO -0^ = i:2 : : '^ : I ':'•'. : • : : : : : : : : : s^ i i i o •saox : N : . 1"H : ; : : : : '8198 -BOA JO -OJH . e^ ■ : : . : : : : : : Germany. •saox : : w : : i •S198 -aex JO -Oil ; »-H ; ; ; ; I ; '•H : : F-4 •saox : : : 1 : : <» : : : : : ^ ■sjes -BOA JO '0^ i-< ; ; ; : : ; : ; : :»» 1 : : : !i i Mi Portugal. _ •saox M : ; <=» : •, i- : : i i : •fiI9s <^' •; : -SOA JO -Oil • = '"* I J III • • ■ ... .S '3 a. W5 •saox o> ■* >-l -* 00 e<( « : : ■ 1 : : •g[09 -KOAJO •0|i 40 i« «0 I-" : : : : '-' • : : : . . rH 1 - • h 1 ill •«nox M : 00 « : 3» c^ : : CO : : CO ;e^ : Mj . • • ■ • • ■ ■ • -S9A JO •OK IN . "-I : : : : "^ ; . • • QO •saox (N t-. o l« .-H O rc J^ -n' »- c<) C^ «c : t^ o> ■ o : 00 o ■ -* = : (M M . IN M : CO r- • o o . rH : 00 ■* : oo Hi. : OS 00 - "O CO : : : aju ■8198 -S9A JO -OiJ 0» M 00 m • N i-i "^ M : : -cf M : •>»< M : : e*< 00 : >o • CO m . Ol o • : o : : iM : : CO ■* . urs CO : i-i *^ . :*» : : OS : : f-i •S19S :: ft s -SBA Ju 'OU : OS lo : IN ; : i-i rH : : ** O I-* M CO ec to 00 00 CO 1-* F-4 T-H • • * • i • a. <« O O 1-H M «C CO CO fX) CO a» l-H rH FH * : • • 1 o rj eq to rO CO CO 00 CO r^ ^^ w^ 1 O rH M CO CO CO CO CO •'. rH rH t H 1 O rH eo c *{<; e-, a be 3 c c o I c 12 ^ CO •o o CO CO CO >»• 2 i|. i K !•- >rt O ' n c^ '^c o ; c yr> uo -^ IF- ^ C CO «0 I'J "* «3 to rj o ci ^•. N cc 39 la, w ».- «C CO c> ! a tc Qo c I O CC »-^ iC ' o '^ :*? <© 55 »•' cr i.-ri tc C 1- -r; -^ C ■♦ .— cc i5 . ^j »v O kft I- ^ ■- c CO CO t- ^? e^ CO J to : a> OS . M OS . 1^ ■* , CO OS : I- o . OS o rf ■ «o H CO o o O — 5D 1 C CO — O CO TO H — , C lO OS 125 ! «0 iM I CO CO CC CO CO OS ' OS OS 3S trt O « _ OS -H CO CO ^^ CO t-H ■ • : : N O CO o a CO (O o ^- OS t- « — • -H (N t- C o» O M t-i O 1— — •* o m e^ CO CO CJ CO -* O 1^ » «- »C o u^ •"- c;. cvi O! •* CO «< — e>» — — CO ^ e^ N — N » ^1T. -3728 1862— TTnited States 1439 Other "^ 1468 Spain. Tons. France. Tons. 2.'57 3150 1829 96 29 141 247 129 3211 1439 1861, .18611 3487 3728 1862. 1862. 29 2466 1468 14 F. P. of G, No. 12.-SUM VARY of the Foreign and Domestic Trade of the Free S^ goods ar 1 ort of Gasp^. Warehouse, Value of Trade with Foreign P.rts, in 1861 ^•'> fio do in 18(52. Imports. $ 3H72t 420180 DecreMe in 1862 Incroa?« in 1882 45451 Valuo of Trade witli Canadian Ports, in 18til ''" <^" do ii, 1862 36694S 466316 Ezportt. S 630477 691075 6058S I ,j p OOMPARATI vent 189786 Deoreast in 1862 I lucreaia in 1802 ! 99,36! Value of Trade with Foreign Ports, in 1861..,. "* ''" Cftnadim Ports, in 1861 , Total Trade in 1861. Value of Trade with Foreign Port., in 1862 "" do Canadian P«rtg. in 1862.... Total Trad* in 1862 Total incroaie of Trade in 1862 over 1861. 99368 374729 ;<66948 741677 420180 466316 Sklmon 192116 Codfish, green. do dry..., Herrings Mackerel Trout HAlibut Ca^Iin Om Sounds l^flMked llerrin GoiOil SwlOil Whalo Oil Cod livor Oil . Otibcr Canada i 2329 630477 19211,-, 82'593 886496 144819 6!)107.'i 189786 850861 58269 FREE PORT OP GASPB. (No. 3.) Custom Housk, {/hwrai Order, No. 61.) Quebec, 30th September, 1861. aL thfc;«;r H^r'^Jd IK '''" '■'"'''l- '^-«P^--e<,uired, by law, to report examiu All goods packages, or casks, ufter beinsr lauderl and boforc reiL )t»1 tn h. .. .i (Signed,) J. W, DUNSCOMB, Collector. Custom Housi, Quebec, 9th May, 1863. (No. 4,) {Gmerai Order, Ao. 68.) OOODS FOR EXPORTATION. Total Rkvarks.- aitd Navigation I could not is kept. Com PA RATI tur Flour and Breac Pork Boof Batter LtttA Peaso Salt Soap CandleH Vegetables and Other articles . Total vah Voisels Inwards do Outwarci u of the Free te b goods are proposed to be exported, shall bo satisfiad that the identical jroods taken Irom Warehouse, are shipped, and no other-t, before writing off the (?hip > sufloninee. (Signed,) J, VV. DuNBCOMB, l^ollectm'. Ezporti. S 630477 691075 6059S 192115 189786 •. 2329 630477 19211,^ 82-593 - f.01075 189786 850861 58269 :t (No. 5.) Comparative Statement of Goods Imported into Quebec from Gasp^, Bona- venture, Labrador, and Magdalen Islands, in the following years : — hk 1853. 582 10479 1688 7907 276 14 3 10 leir 2198 163 395 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1026 11682 12022 16259 68 86 13 1860. Sflroon Owlfish, green do dry Bfrringg ISckerel ..Barrels ... do .Quintals , Barrels .. do 474 9202 9059 8751 124 4 8 266 10T37 11011 3604 385 13 15 434 12648 16742 6.S.S6 632 9 31 12 17 361 11982 14070 S685 427 13 35U 25 665 9346 10468 9782 335 73 541 18292 9727 15772 51 ... do ... do . 47 41 cSvIin ,.. do i 0 br^ landed, be .sti-ictlj ietailin hi« R =0 landed, at'ion, that iH or other I, lector. 1863. placed OQ 1 officer to by which Comparative Statement of Goods Exported from Quebec to Gaspu, Bonaven- ..; ture, Labrador, and Magdalen Islands, in the following vears : — 1853. Flour and Breadstuff's Barrel* Pork do BMf do Butter Lbd. Laird do Pmso Bushels Salt do Soap Boies CandleH do Vegetables and Fruits ...Barrels QUter articles Value $ Total value $ 16182 832 60 14398 6800 1650 15000 .296 188 319 32532 1854. 1855. 1856. ; 1857. 1858. j 1S59. 169420 17175 - 1 16131 i 1007 .s62 ' i.-^o 122 ! 1 8245 20863 j yj:<(^ 5973 811 1725 6149 8348 112 195 85 115 441 283 316^2 29570 194706 183586 17055 1114 128 15570 68'I7 2548 27063 349 236 294 51170 20300 924 117 32660 8830 2180 23506 398 278 362 49035 I 1860. 23527 1320 129 503S2 13420 1886 15737 433 VO'l ■ 439 ! 03324 202586 i 243991 I 233716 24093 1849 148 59105 lyll7 2361 2's954 459 258 542 89480 2S1246 2668S 1778 147 48351 1S9tl 2718 52938 448 30i 927 109740 200843 ^, INo. I^'isels Inwards, Quebec |109 do Outward.^ do 112i Tns. 4964 5087 No 91 110 Tns. 4343 5418 No 101 110 Tns.lNo Tns. 50eill62 6126 57001134 6710 I I NoiTjs.iNo 13016265! 146 153171771 160 Tns.jNo Tons.iNo 93721160 114541177 7654 180^120541199 Ton*. 12934 14603 1(3 Quebec, Ht-h August, 186::. SiR,--We huvo now the honor to report, tbut, Loiiuj< upon hptciul instructiunw u. visited the Free Port ot Sauk St. iMary ou the 3rd, 4th, oth and tith uf October, 186:' and 8ub>ecjueiitly, the Free Port of Gasp6, in the latter case fraveiiiny first by water an then by land, the whole Cauadisn coast of the Bay of Chaleuis to Porei, and theuoe alon the Guli coast to Ga,sp6 Basin, which place wu lelt on the alscuf October in the sstme year As we have understood our instructions, convoyed fir^t verbdllv by th^ Hoiiurable th. Aluiister oi Finance, and further by your letter with whiou w,. wimo lon^reu ou u.u- retui: froui the Sauit St. Mary, under date the l4th Uctobt-r, we wort? ro enquir.--- Ihi. A« t. how far the objects aimed at in ebtablishing the Free Port: had been « taiue'd. iJnd. As to what intercourse has taken place between the Free Ports and other portion, of the Piovincc. 3rd. Whether smuggling oat of the Frr;e Ports has been c.iiied on ; with the bent mode ot preventing or checking the evil. As wo have no authoritative statement as to the object.-? whioti were aime I at in e.-,tul) lishing the Free Ports otiiei than those stated by the advocate of the meuauro in P;.rlia ment, we have had recourse to the Parliamentary Debates as our unlv source of informa tion ou that point. So far as we have been able to gather then, the m;iiu objects have been, in respect of tin bauit &t. Mary, to encourage the ssttlementol our western territory, to foster the mining in terchts, t) tatiiitute trade with the Ked River .settlements and the \,.rihwest, lo oaoouiac^o the fashenes o:. Lakes Huron and Superior, and to establish a market at vvhidi the miners on the Amuncan chores of Lake Superior might find it advantageous to purchase then supi.lic^ As respect, the Free Port of Gaspe, the objects appear tu have takiui a wider .scope ; for in additi m to the anticipauon that tlie settlement of tne couiitry w.-uU be pro.M.ued thr the fisheries woulu be materially encouraged by the bounty which the purehase or sir' ..|, . tree ol duty would give, it was also expected that an extensive commercial mart would h. establishoa at Gaspd Basin, ro which foroiguers ougage-i lu ihe fi.herie, would r .sort \.n their supplier at which a market would bo established f.-r the purch.s. uod suleof fi.sii. a.n which would be frequented by foreign shipping for the intu-chang,, ot fuvei-u pvu.luce i\.y t se produce of oui fisheries. As described in the Proclamation, the Free Port ol Suult St. .Mary e„.o,au(s not le>. than bUU miles of coast, not counting the numerous small islau ,. north.- hay.i and indent;, ttons. About 4UU miles are east of the Falls of St. Mary and the remainder is on Lake Supe nor. Ihe eastern portion is more or less occupied by settlements, sparsely peopled, it is true but rising; luimpurcauce by thegradual development of the mioinj., fishing and ao-nculturai interests whion are gradually extending and may reasonably be expected to constitute, a. no aihtait period, an important group of interests. The coast of Lake Superior is unoccupied except at one or two points, nt Fort Wi! ham where the Hudson's Bay Company has a Post, and at the L^land of Miohipicoton where oonsideiabie mining operatioas are carried on. The village of St. Mary, or Free Port proper, is u village of about in habitant., fromthi.s point colonization roads have been constructed, extending uortbwe..terly lo Go.,, .ais Bay on Lake Superior, and eastward to ih Bruce and Wellington Mine. So far a^ can be . certamed the lands available for setilemeni <.u these roads are neing taken up by actual se tleis, and u is probable that, at no di.-^tant d^y, this scoti,ni will be occupied by u large poiulatiou engaged in agricultural pursuits, and who wfll find a market f<* their sur- plus j,roi uoe at the muus with which they will be in close proximity VVe had an opportuony of conversing with some of the settlers who gave us a vorv iavur;.L.K account ot th.ir .au.ls, which they described as of a productive' c; aracter, and well calculated lo rep.y the Ubors of the husbandman. The acquisition of the Great Mamtoulin Island which ,s supposed to contain upwards of 100,000 acres of land suitable tor cultnaiion, will greatly increase the importance of the agricultural interests of this section of the Province .n Jii' ^;«"e^;fl^jke Superior, at the Sault St. Mary, at Lonely Island, and indeed in all the waters of Lake iluron moluded within the limits of the Free Port district, are of great value, and will unquestionably increase. The entire mining interests, of the rcbtern P becoming ( wtrd by th !Elc limits In worthil; fyt the BUf I Wc fi 1861 and : tlot Jol He Ed Ge^ He "'■ It wil IM»th Mr. lie Custoi iter dra\ bver cnt< Mr. 'Ib coDStai also a pre iie receive The i.. '' 18 18 1? 18 The valui (( and the V u The II 11 Oft of the H The who It is goods go benefited eaves so undoubti other pa But pated by red from IT Kust, 186;-!. iiistructiuofs, w, Ociohov, 186:; 'St by water anc lul theuee alori; fi iticsaiaeyear ' Honorable thi >u on our retuir. '', — Iwt. As I. d other portiorn h the be«t Euoilc lie i at iu e.itul) lauro lu Pi.rHtt irc9 of iufbrma II respect of tht r the niiuiugiii >t, to ouoouragc \i the miners oil ! tht'u supjilirs. iilerscopt; ; for. [ir.>iMiu,t)(i, thiit h;iMC of sufpli. -i mart would hi "Uid r '.sdir t jr .•iale ul' fish, ii.i'i liu [ivuduoti t\^ )'.i mid iudout.i ou LukoSupe ipled, it is true, ad agricultural » oonstitutft, at !*, at Fori Wi!- r Miohipieotoii iuhabilaui*. f.sterly lo Groii If. So far H:* ; taken up bj occupied by ;i t for their sur- ivo us a very jiaracter, aud of th(i Great r land suitable lerests of this d. aud iudeeJ rt district, arii eresta, of the ieBtevn Province are also within ■HeBtevn rrovince are a.eo w.tu.u the limits ; and there are immcnBe forodts which are licominK of great value, as the operations of the lumberer are fewer northward and west- inrd by the proRrcssive disappearance of the nearer forest b3foro the ma.chofMottlcmcnt He limits of this Free Port includes material wealth which the oncrj^ies ot a nation might S worthily employed to devclope, as well as a territory sufficiently largo and productive £r the support of a large population. . Wc find, by the public accounts, that the cost of the custom house at this port, in 1861 and 1862, has been as follows:— 1861. Joseph Wilson, collector ^5^0 John Booker, landing-waiter, Bruce Mines 500 Henry Pilgrim, landing-waiter 83 Kdward Davis 225 George Ironside:! ^ Kent and Contingenoies loo 00 00 50 00 67 65 1862. . 8900 00 . 500 00 .' 300 00 . 200 00 . 255 27 ..$2,155 27 Total cost per annum $1,543 82 It will be admitted that the salaries arc sufficiently low ; but it is to be observed that both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Ironsides arc paid for other services besides these rendered to tfce Custom House. The former has a salary from the Crown Lands Department, and the Utter draws a salary from the Indian funds. It is also to be noted that Mr. Dayifl has liever entered upon the duties of his offioe, having been in-apacitated therefor by illness. Mr Gibbard, who is Inspector of Fisheries for this part of the Province and k constantly passing from one part of the coast to another with his boat s crew, is « « «rov,,ntivfi officer, and as such renders very important preventive services, for which of the Province 's crew, i:^: But this cheapening docs not occur to the cxtont which appears to have been antici- pated by the originators of the Free Port policy, nor to the extent which might be inier- red from the amount of duty lost to the revenue. The prictj of clothing does not appear i 3 18 to havo been, in any great degree, reduced ; tea has been cheapened by about 20 per -lent gin, from 30 to 40 per cent. ; and wine about 20 per cent., while but little effect h«2 becD produced on the price of sugar. The price of the main necessaries of a settler's life have not I co, nor could they be affected by relieving the trade of this district from Customs duties, because they were free by tariff before that policy had effect, and we feel pcrsunded tli.it no material stimu- lus has been given to the settlement of the country by the adoption of that policy, nor do we believe that the aid thereby afforded to mining operations has had any sucU effect on that branch of industry as will justify the risk of contraband transactions, .such m we shall presently show to be probable. We could not discover that any trade between the Free J'ort and tha Ked River Set tlemcnts had yet taken place. Aa has already been stated, the Hudson's Bay Company have been the chief importers of dutiable goods, and those goods have chiefly gone to Fort William ; the duty on them would have been about $6,000.00. VVe are not aware that any provincial interests have been promoted by this sacrifice, nor do we think it likely that this branch ot trade has had any tendency to promote commercial transactions between Canada and the British settlements in the Northwest Territory. Some purchases appear to have been made at the village of St. Mary for American vessels trading to Lake Superior. Those purchases, however, havebeen of very limited extent and they are the only indications which we discovered of the existence of any trade betwe.L the Free Port and mining districts of the United States. With so wide a frontier as that embraced within the Free Port of Sault St. Mary and the district attached thereto, to every portion of which the trader is permitted to carrv goods for the purpoFc of trading with settlers, Indians, or fishermen, it would be almoiJ impossible to maintain such a preventive service as would guard against the removal of goods with a view to introducing them into other porticns of the Province. On the other hand, the shores of the Georgian Bay and of Lake Huron, bordering the fertile and popu- !ous counties of Huron, Bruce, Grey, and Simcoe, with numerous bays and indentations, attord a )undant opportunities for smugghng goods into a population of morethan 150.000 pco pie who are rapidly increasing by the settlement of the Saugcen Peninsula. To guard a-ainst the extenmon of oontraband trade along so extensive a coast would require a very "great extension of the Custom House service as well as the aid of officers afloat; this extensiou r nT ^ ''7 cunsiderable additional outlay, perhaps of as large a sum a. that now lost to the revenue by the remission of duty. ^^ o FREE PORT OF GASPje. As described in the Proclamation, the Free Port of Gaspe, with the distri.^t attached thereto has a coast line on the peninsula of Gasp(5 of about 250 miles, and o , tli nort lands. ' *'^''^'"" ""''^ *^' ^''"°^' "*■ ^^''*'*^"^*^ 'tnd'thc Mngdalon Is! Within these limits the undermentioned Port and Sub-ports are maintained for the tran- saction ot Customs business, which is in this case chiefly the coUecU. a of .Stic' :- ht. Gaspe Basin, or the Free Fort proper— J. C. Belleau, collector 4j..iarw a- >nn nn chas. c. Fox, landing-waiter .::..;..::;::::..:: [^t'^^'fl z Jos. J. Kavanagh, landing-waiter u gQQ qq o°4e^rrt':;;;;:;:;:;;:::::::::::;:z^^ : •••••• " -<^ooo Contingeacies, postag^,' &o,\V.V.".V.".V.\\\".'.\'.V.".\\\"V.".V.'.V.V.'.'.".7.!'.*.'. 655 03 'Ind. Sub-poi r,f i'trve, - George lefioi-Huv janding-waiter f^nn (\fi Officer..* : .....;■.:■.:;;■;:;;;:;;; 50 oS ^iviJ. New Carlide— John Fraser, sub-collector arc no ..t!i,T means at communication. But previous to startin-, 1 mude it my business to -mI! upon three merchants doin.i; the principal business at the'S:.ult, viz..-Messr... D.ivul.o,,, Phipps and Karney, in order to L'et their views as to the workin- of tlioFree Po/t Act, ao-ni pui'l on them. Also the large and important art.cle of Ready-made (llothing. 1 ;mi of course aware, and 1 pointed out to the merchants m (jui'stiou, that under clause No. 8 of •' the Regulations Lioverniug the trade of the Free Port of Saiilt Ste. Marie," they were allowed the priviloi-e of sorting in bonl, uo-ior certain restrictions, such goods as may be required for the mark.'.s of the Free Port, provided the assortment made up be a package of not less value than SJOO. IMioy statet in the habit of keeping what may be termed variety-goods in bond, and ':Von as regards staple goods they did not care about breaking bulk in bou 1, while whole p-.jkages even of staple goods, w,^^o larger quantities than were required for country strres. The Act thus became, to a i^reat . xteut. iuoperuive, and the general practice was to purchase this class of goods from the impirter's shelvs, after duty hud been paid. T then pointed ou' the their propriety of .sending' their orders to Europe direct, through the houses they ilealt with in (>anad:i ; wh -n I wa-. mot withthe reply, that those who were in a position to d > so had adopted thu eourse, but they did not find it .it all ad- vantageous inasmuch as iheir agents charged tiieiu a commission of 12J per cent, fur pur- chasing, and in almost evcr-y e e-e sent them out, e.TUiin goods quite unsuitable for the mar- ket, and th-iy thus had their shtlves filled with unsalable goods. I then pointed euic the eourse of going to Europe themselves to purchase their stuck, but wa", of course, at once met with tiie reply, that they thus far could not afford any -ucli expense, and, under any circumstancrs, it was only the man of capital who could do so ihus placiug the small shop-keeper at a great disadvantage. A course then presented itselt to my mind widcli I thouiiht practicable, and whieh I submitted to them, as folows, and which entirely met their apju'oval, and, as they statea ihi'iuselves, would put tlie small «nl large deali.'r on a par. and fully carry out wh it ihcy conceived to be the intention of the Free Port policy. Thus— Let the Free Port miU-cdiant. go i^ito any wholes ile iiaporting house in Toronto or elsewhere, let him pick out his assortm<'nt cf '.roods, wiiieh he cannot purchase to advan- tage in bon(l from tho importer's store .shelve^, let the invoice ot these goods be maiie witli a sr,trti!tg or prime cost column as well as ;i s.dlinj- column (importers, in a great many cases, are in the habit of selling to their custo uers at a certain percentage on the prime cost, so that th'^e wouM bo no objection to this mode ou the pari of the importer in giving his co^t price), let a form of entry bo made ul the Custom House for these goods, that they arc for the Free Port of 8auit .Ste ^iarie, let them be marked and lead«d by the < ade up be lit still it of keeping ly did not 'ore larger ice w:i« to d. )pe direct, that those t dt all ad- t. f'lV pur- r the luar- lieir stuck, d any -ucli do so ihus d whii;h 1 they stated wh it i hey ill T'iriMito e to advau- made with in ». great percuiagr th(.' pan de at the rfle ^iarie, 800D as a ;cording to rie, let the —of eourse after satisfactory proof hits been givtii to the Collector that the goods in question have been imported and duty been paid on them. On passing throu^di Toronto ^submitted ihis scheme to the Collector, Mr. Spence.and consulted wit., him as to the working of it, he quite coincided with my views ; nd authorized nie to state that he saw n difficulty in carrying it out with perfect safety to the revenue, in so far as the Port of Toronto was concerned ; and he also acquiesced in the view that it would be of essential service U) the succes^a of the Free Port policy at " Sault Ste. Marie." Witii regard to the article of riady made clothinth cases citt'd it may cause a little more trouble to the department, still, in a matter ol' so much importance ;;s materially benefittinj> the people and trade of a district one day destined to be important, it is a fjuestion whether a little extra trouble should be at all considered. I can see a danger to the«vevenuo in the matter in question iu only one way, viz.: with regard to Canadian manufactured cloths and blankets ; I mentioned this to Mr Spcnce, the Collector of Torontf), who stated that he, with yery little trouble, could »o arrange that the revenue would be quite safe. At the present moment, ui fact under t.xisting regulations, the door is quite as much open to fraud. Permit me . cite a case : A morch.\nt from " Little Current," one ol the sub-ports of Sault Stc. Marie and 150 miles cast of same, goes to Quebec and purchases goods in bond to t;:e value of say £..',OfH.i, bonds are given and h« gets his goods; he pro- ceeds to Montreal where he disposes of AM ,000 of then, or pi^rhaps he (exchanges, along the route, a bale of cottons for a bale id' silks ; the other i"I,000 worth he proceeds with to his store at '■ Little Current ;" there is no Cusiom Idouse .u- uflieer there, and he sends bis clerk to Sau't Ste. Marie to maio his entry; the clerk etiters tho £2,000, perhaps knowing nothing of the £1,000 nold in dontrea'l : the bonds are cancelled and the revenue is defrauded of the duty on £j,OUO worth of goo'.ls, and no one is the wiser. I cite this as an instance to show ti. what extent the revenue may. in this manner, be defrauded. Th« que.-tiou very naturally presents itself, it what way can this be prevented ^ The course I would suggest would be,~thatas there are really only two I'orts for the shipment of goods for the Free Port of Sau't Ste. Marie, vix.. Sarnia and CoUingwood, that goods bou-ht and intended for the Fiee Port should be shipped or forwarded in bund (oeitherof the above Ports direct, being marked, nujobertd and scaled or leaded, and on the certificate of the Collector at Sault Stc. Mario that the go^ds have been received within the precincts of his port, he or one of his landing waiter.* having duly examined the goods, the Collector at the port where the goods were in the first place chipped, would then cMicei the bonds. I, of course, mean that a landin-r w.iiter should be apjudnted at Little Current, whore every steamer and vessel must pass and where they shoidd be oblij;ed to call and report; there is abundance (f water fur the largest steamers and vessels, and being a point where they gene- rally call and the former wood. in this latter clause T refer specially to steamers and vessels from Collingwojd and neighborhood, those from Sarnia would 'take the "iiruce Mines" naturally a« being the first sub-port on their route to report, and tie :e is a lauding waiter stationed there. It could not, I imagine, possibly be expected llmt merchants importing goods for the purposes of trade, at the easterly cad of Lake Huron within the precincts of the Free Port 28 w^itnu'nt U 8-(H) Dcr uunu.u. an.l n.uld, of course, receive reports and entries, aud thus ^?^oS>re anVjxpen Tyoiu, ,. the Bruce Mine, or Sault 8te Marie was sayed ; but tue tionble ana cxpen i ,; t,,,^,,,^ ,,,, ^^t deemed it expedient to appoint a suc- '::^J^\l:7^^nJ:h'^ou.ed '^— ^y, ^ wouM suggest that the appointment bl ide a^L tx Current where every vessel must pas*, being on the ^^^^-^ ,; *f J^!^^ \Hmtow-uun..- which is •>:^ mile.s out of the way of the usual navigation and where theie is ueUl.er whLrt nor Lconnnudation for wooding, whereas both these requisites are to be found "' ^'"hav "made special enquiry as to the corveetnoss of the various rumours afloat^ i^gard- lug tL smuggling ^of goods L ii the Free l>ort after they have been entered, but I have ht'en unable to trace any ibundation lor such rumour. i • ,<• Haviir- so far noiuted out what I conceive stands in the way ot the good woi-k.ng of the i ee Port, and \vhich ma>/ bo in the power of the J)epartment to remedy, I would now, vUh 0, r pcrnnsnon, re:;pectlaliy beg to submit a statist lea/ sketch ol the various ountH 1 h^we viiited, pointing iut. as I proceed, what appear to me barriers and impedi- illents to the currying out uf The Free Trade policy, and the remedy for winch does not he within the scope of rlie Customs Department. , .. . ... <. ♦„ It is ot no use whatever fcr the Finance Minister of the rrovince to attempt o advance the district of Al^oma by admitting goods duty tree, and by this means hope to iniiee settlers to .ome in? while the policy ol' other dep:«„nents ol the CJovernment h been, and continue to hav. a l<',u/,>nc>/ not only to deter people li-c>m entering the distiia for settlement, but is actually driving many old settlers out ot the district to the United *^*^'l' refer, in the jirst phur partu-ularly, to the various " Rules and liegulations" issued from time to time by vavums Covernments and Dfpartme.its of Governmonts, relative to uucoura-iing tlu' settlement of the North Western Territory. ,, i, v ■. 1 Ireely accord to them a/l the fullest credit for goot sight ot. Vhen "attention was first strongly direeled to lb.' mineral region, the i\orlh Wrst, m uonscquencc of valuable discoveries made on the south, or United States shore ot Lake Superior in 1845 and 1840, the (ioverumeut was pleased to legislate on the subject, and did so by exacting that mineral lands could only be purchased in blocks or locations, the limits of which were to be nut leas than tiro miles in trout by five miles in depth. Ihus, au area of ttn square miles or (),4UU acres, for which tlu; explorer was asked to pay $1 per acre say §0,400, $000 down, and the balance in annual instalments, with interest 'it is easy to see that such a vegulation was fatal to individual enterprise, liie prac- tical explorers, able for the work, willing to encountcu- the hardship and exposure, and to seek earnestly, carefully and diligently for the rich deposits of ..re which undoubtedly exist in that region, was unable to explore on his own accouni and lor lii^ own immediate benetit, and was thus entirely discouraged. The search after the hidden treasure of tlu. earth devolved citlier upon men, already rich or on wealthy companies, and the work was done l.y birod deputies. Many companica eu-aoed in the enterprise. Geologists, mineralogists, surveyors, miners and voyageurs were°eraploved, and a perfect scramble for mineral hnds occurred. Not less than MU) souare miles were located on the north shor.- ot Lake Superior, and 'JiO square miles on like Huron, say 00 locations, about 000 square miles in all, under these regulations. This was not exploring for veins or lodes, it was rather exploring lor rocks ot that ..articular description whicK contained metallic veins, than lor veins themselves. Greenstone trap on Lake Huron and amygilaloidal trap on Lake bupanor, were the iavorite formations, and the existence of such on the lake shore or front containing, as these rocks almost invariably do, small veins of copper ore or native copper, was hebl at that time quite sufficient inducement to take up the land, not one-tenth part ol which was then or has since been explored. It would occupy too much time and space to euier on any detail ol tlie explorations and other operations carried on by the companies then engaged therein suthee ft Jo say that prior to the year 185-', all operations except those carried on by the Montreal Mining Company, at the Bruce Mines, bad en.-d, and in 1S54 or IS^u, .he Government lonnd that the existing Regulations had not worked well, but had given a monopoly oi the n.ost accessible and promising mineral land to parties who were doing nothing themselves, ana yet stood in the way of others wishing to explore them. On few of the locations had more t'.an the first instalments been paid, and on many only the $600 deposit, still the unwiUu.gae.^s of the Government to declare them lorli'ited has virtually taken such out of the mark ;i until quite recently. In or about 1S54, however, a now llegulaliou was made, wiiicb was something to the effect that mining locations in future should embrace 400 acres only, and be charged lor at the rate of one dollar and a half per acre. A lew locations were t=.ken upon these terms, but nothing like an impetus was given to exploration generally, i his Keguiation ai.o required that the mines should be worked — compulsory. In 1858 another Regulation came out, requiring a licence, even to explore, at a cost of $100. ■ I . I ,- In 1802 another change was ina.le in the mod<' of disposing ol mining U.eations, I.) levvinR- a Royalty of 2^ percent, on all ores extracted, payable m cash on the value ol the ore prepared" for market at the nnne, and allnwing letter.v patent to be issued on pa>- ment of the purchase-money, without any additional conditions. Much dissatisfaction was felt at tlo- imposition of this Royalty, wlucb would m ettect reduce the value of a rcahy good location one-halt to its discoverer an.l pure .aser. For instance, if the isplorer, alter uncveriog and openmu; up the i.ide on nis med- tion, proposed to lease i. to a mining company, no English or (Janad.an ^^""I'^^V would pay a higher Royalty, us rent, to the owner, than 5 per cent , unless it ^^''^^ ''^''^'. ^'^,^'' '1"^ yet found on Lake Superior, and such is actually the Royalty now paid by the Canada 80 West MininR Company for thc^r lease of the Wdlington and Huron Copper Bay Mines at tL]Jrue Mines, and the ricl.est yet known in that, region ; so that^ the Oovernn.en m exactin" a Eoyal y of 2i per ecnt., was actually taxirg the expl. ror oO per cent, on a 1 the prli e"ive adva/tagc he expected to derive fron. hi. .oil and labor. 'J he pursuit was K ardou and unremunorati?e enough before, and this regulation reduocnl the prizes to one-half Such a regulation could hardly bo natisfaetory to tbe ,.x,d,.vr, or atford hun much eucouraeenient. . I new come to the latest Rules and Regulations, a» under :— minkual lands. Dfpautment of Crow.v Lands, Qrebee, Jkd March, 1864. Rer,uhthns for the Sale of Minrral Laruh, approveJ bj/ J'is Excellency thr Governor (itneral in (Joutini 1 That the tracts shall comprise not more than four hundred acrcu. "' That the dimensions of the tracts in unsurveyed territory be torty chains in Iron bv oii'c hundre.1 chains iu depth, aud bounded by line^ running due North and i^outh, and Jiiist and West, or as near to these dimensions as the ce .bguratiun ot the locality will ^ ""a. The applicant for a tract in ui.surveyed t.Tritory must furnish a plan u'd descrip- tion thereof by a Provincial Lund Surveyor. 4 The price shall be one collar an acre, payable on the sale. 5. 'J'hat a tax or duty of one dollar per ton be chnrged on all ores oxtrai'ted from the tract, payable on removal h\ni the mine. x. » -i i ,'.i i T^iili condition ap lies to all mi.dng lands .sold since the 1st day ot .\pril ! b-, ami is in lieu ot the Royalty ol two and a halt per cent ch.irgeubh. on the or.^s (.1 thc:se lancU 6 Th;.t in surveyed townships, lots presenting; i.idi-aiions o( •nincrals, he sold on the above coaditious, but at not less tiian one dollar p.r acre ii. any township, and at the srimo price as the other land.s in the township whon it i> more than one dnli.ir p.M- acre. 7. 'J'hiit not more than one tract of lour hundred acres bf sold r,. one person. 8. 'I'he above regulations do not apply to mines of g'dd and siiv^.r. 9 All previous regulation.* inconsistent with the above are cimcell.'il. Wm. .McDoUOAI l, Comn)issioncr. tn^' All Locations uf Mineral J-unds on the x\orth S^hores of Lakes Huron and Super- ior, and on die udjaceu^ islands, which, on the 15th March, 1861, were liable to forfeiture for nooj.erlormance o! conditions of sale and location, and which have remained liable to forleitur«> to the present time, are forleited. , , r i j * The locatees, uuA their assignees, provided the assignments were made before the date hereof, are allo^yed to apply the puymenls they may have made on ni.y location, over and ab.>ve the depo>it, or first instalnuuit, towards the purchase of the same, or any other loca- tion whub shah be open for sale at the dati^ of their application so applied ; but such ap- plication shall he regarded as a new purchase, subject to existing rogulatior.s, and must be tiled in the Dopartment of Crown Lands on or before the first day ol November, A.U., ^^^^' Wm. McI)., Cora. Some parties are ,f opinion that alth(mgh the area of the tracts to be taken up under this regulation, cannot rxrerAlAm acres, the general tenor and meaning of the regulation will permit them to purchase /^..s than 400 acres, even if unsurveyed land, provided the direction of the lines, as run by the suiveyor when located, be due North and South, Kast and West, and the proportion of the breadth oi sueh location bears its length, be as 40c.'. to 100a, and if this construction be put on tite regulation by the Crown Land Department, it will be a gve:a boon tnthe hn-.i working bona f.de explorer, who has hitherto been greatly dis- couraged by tbe necessit.v ..iced upon him of purchasing more land than he wanted, or his s!eu(Jt)r means wouui allow him to pay for. , 'f hi i regulation, however, in. so far as it required the tract to be2i times the breadth, ». c, 40c. E-ist aud ^Vo'*. "ton... Korttwvud South, is looked upon as a mista/>:e, and mmmg meu 81 _____ . ■ — — - ""^ inform me there can be no motive for, or advantage gained, by it, as far as the Crown is '°"°The lodes or veins most tmiueiitly run East and West, ..mot more than 45J North or South of that course. Suppose the exf reme deviation that of a ode running West 4.) Vo-th an explorer wishing to secure as much as possible of such a lode, would be obliged, under the prLent r«guiati*a,s. to take up a tract ol 40c. X 1 00c or 400 ac^s, at a cost ,r $400 cash, wh.Toa^ by so luauMgin- that the lode should lorm the dia-onal of a k joc- tiou 40c X 40., he would obtain precisely the same length of the lode as before, and that at a'cost of $160 instead of » 100, a matter of g-oat importance in nine cases out ol ten to the hard-workini;; explorer. 1 1 v« »« If, is good policy to gi^e the purchaser the option ut taking 400 acres, should he so desire it, bu:; it is bad policy to co upel him. with 160 aero, which ho wan's, to >ake 240 more that he may think entirely worthless, and which he may not have the means to pay ''""■ The next point which calls for notice is clause No. 9 of the regulations, which imposes a tax or duty of one dollar per ton on all ores alike, without reference cither to difference of value, of quality, or description (except gold and silver). For instance — Value. Tax. On native copper, worth say 5^0 per ton *} = J P«y^«- '' dressed copper ore— 20 per cent 80 " f " J* '' poor '' " -iO '• 30 " l = -A u lead " 75 " I = 1* . .in, ^> 15 - 1- s .n, exient, unjust as ^'^.^'^'''•^^ j.^;\,^'^ ^^^^^^^^ On the IJ S. side for a time, alm.st every working man and miner was ■,m>^xp\oT^T, and iVhe found any ores on public land ho c„,l I «ecu,-e it for $oO-that being th 3 cost of ' ^^ lTouJ G .vernment give the miner and explorer the same chance, and L hav. no hesi- tation in stating that the n^orth shore will -Iso, in 20 years hence, be a t riving .nd pro.- nPVMm oountrv m-esentin" a orcit contrast to wh.it it is at th.j present moment. ^ Perm" n^ Lth." to bring under your notice, ditficulties which further discourage explorations under the present regulations in rctorence to "^'"^■^^;. ^fj . .^ , ^1^^,^ A man of limited means goes out to explore, a id, iu course ot time, hnds a lode, wbicn, after tlTborspeit on it. .HO. ..u.h t.Mls^. ho cia carry with h.m on «ueh expedition., has a pretty good appearance at one or two points ; i 82 He would like to open it up and examine it more t'ullj before risking, perhaps, all he ha^ in the world on i( ; He gueH to iSault Str M.irio, perhaps 50 or '{(>i> luilcs tlistant, as th(^ case may be, for the only Provincial Laud iSurvcyor in tlie territory. If he is diseogaged it is well, if not he must wait or send to Toronto for u Surveyor. The survey now bciop; eouiplotcd, the poor explorer must now set otf for Quebec — he knows no one there he can trust, and ftcls it necessary to •:;o liimself — arrired at Quebec, he i.>< a lueky man if he does not lind his dis- covery to be situated on the Location of some "Fossil Company" whieli, in spite of "Order* in Council " and " |)eclarali«»ns of I'Virfeiture " have still sutficicnf power (o occasion diffi- eulticR and delays^ if not in /ruHs, ,n.< to tlu; ri-ht and the other to the left of the centre buildng. These dun-eons were formeriv tiie joe house and dairy, or root house of the " Krmatinger family," and the whole esraldishmont I consider most unsuitable in every respect. Theiv is (mc very nnporiunr point connected with this court-house to which I conceive the attention ot the liovcrnnit^nt ought to be specially drawn, viz.: the registry office foi' th.' distvici. It is kept io u room in the court-house, witl) a common shilling lock on the door. Tlir re-ister books, deeds and mort.'a<-cs Siv amounting to between 300 to 400, are k-pt in ih,. sam. room, without any protection 'from n-e, there being neither vault nor iron safe in tho buildin- 'f ho registrar Colonel Savaije. lives on the '.Jnited States side of the river, aod, 1 vr.i- mfoi nud by several parties there had given no security for the duties oi' his oifice. I duly ftx:iTnined the Collector of Customs I ouks, and found them correct, and «;Tery- 88 tluDg orderly and regular in his cffice. Mr. Wilson'a salary is «700 per annum, and $40 per annum lor office rent and fuel. The winter may bo called six months, and fuel is worth %3 per cord, and similar accommodation could noL be found in the place for Icps than SlOO a year. Mr. Wilson is a most zealous and energetic officer, and respected by the whole community. He has requested me to state that his present salary docs not support his family. ^ In addition to his duties as collector, Mr. Wilson has under his charge and supervision a 30 foet keel boat and trappings, the property of the Department, and wliich is indispen- sably necessary in that part of the Province for tho public service. Ho has built a boat- house at a cost to himself of $100, for the safe-keeping of the boat ; and it is most satis- factory to the official who is necessitated to call on Mr. Wilson for his services and tho boat, to find everything in such perfect order, and surrounded with such comfort for a journey of some 400 to 500 miles, by water, in an open boat. Tbo only difficulty seemed to bo the getting a proper crew of four men. Mr. Wilson suggests that he might be allowed to keep four men, whom he could have in thorough training, to pay $4 per month each, during the season of navigation, say six months, equal to 6100, and when employed on the public service the current wages of the day. By this course a good boat's crew could always be depended on, as well as a good boat in good order, and as Mr. Wilson is frequently called upon to use a boat in the ser- vice of the Crown Land and Indian Departments, both of these Departments might be called upon to contribute towards the support of t!ie boat's crew. ^ Mr. Wilson further suggests a course by which a revenue could bo raised in the district sufficient to keep up both boat and crew, and which would certainly be of essential service to the district of Algoma, both socially and morally at the same time. There is a cry from^ one end ot the district to the other that drunkenness is increasing among the Indians, and it is an established;fact that an Indian will give the shirt off his back for a glass of whisky, and it is firmly believed that spirits are given to the Indians by tho traders both ashore and afloat, but the difficulty lays in traciujj; it; no one feels disposed to turn informer. Mr Wilson suggests that everi/ Indian trader should be called upon to take out a license as such, and a charge made for same of not less than $20 per annum, besides entering into bonds with two good and responsible securities, that they will neither directly nor indirectly sell or give spirits of any kind to any of the Indians on Lakes Huron and Superior, or adjacent thereto. In the village of Sault Ste. Marie, on our side, there is not to be found cither baker, butcher, tailor, shoemaker, blacksmith or tinsmith, and what U still worse, no hotel or accommodation for travellers of any kind, so that one has no alternative but to go to the United States side, where very good accommodation can be got, or, on our side, eat your bread and cheese in the street and sleep in a fence corner. Such is the actual state of things. The Revenue Inspector, Mr. David Pirn, a very respectable person, called upon me, but would require move definite instructions than he has yet received. He informs me that he has issued in the district this year — 3 tavern licenses at §13 75 3 saloon retail licenses at 13 75 11 shop licenses at 8 75 But in not one of these can a traveller,, except in one at the Bruce mines, get a night's lodging or a meal's victuals; they are mere drinking dens, in fact, sinks of iniquity. I asked Mr. Pirn if he did not consider it his duty, previous to issuing the tavern licenses, to see that they possessed what, under the Municipal Law of Upper Canada, is known as tavern accommodation, viz., so many beds for travellers, provisions, stabling, &c., when he repHed he was not aware he had to do so. I recommended him to issue no more without doing so. He complains very much of being so poorly remunerated, and says his fees have never exceeded $25 a year, and he is allowed nothing for office rent, fuel or stationery. Mr. Pim is also post master, and makes the same complaint of the poorness of his pay, and although the district town has no allowance for office rent or fuel he says all the other officers in the district are paid by ealary, he alone by fees, and that all his fees put together does not more than cover rent and fuel, and he is obliged to be in constant attendance at 8 34 his office He having requested me to look at Ma post office books I did so, auct found th:tth:;.,Le,..^..i;4«/-rcZ..and '--^^^--/nave ^ To * office money order The people at Sau t Ste .^ -- -'^^,7f,Xc"of%^ certLlybe nmce established, which, judging from the °^™ ^^'l*'; , ^^ Department. It could . great convenience to the community, ^"^ a p^^ Jf ^^^^^^^f^ Soma their salaries. als°o be turned to account as the means of P^Sj^^^^^^ consequently Mr. Pim would Thus, the largest amount ot ^^PJ .^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ each month, make - ^ !::^;^Sr o^^aSth^rlt ^^^ order department, -' Vsl^iXi^^nlcf :t^I^^S;:: ^"^ ^'^^ a .a. is a good «.. vy nat 13 parncuiauj^ ua ^„.;,fip,i „ ,uan who understood his business and attend- So U: 'Z^':^ tf::Xt7Z% a c.,m o< *12,000 wouU do .he whole business. indifferent hotel, and during the the other does not, s)ich ;>s Free Port, fishing, shooting, &c. i:T.,,1c,nn'^ "Bav 5lv attention wus particularly drawn to this by Mr. Simpson, the H^ pro- per and legitimate means, trade must flourish. , , V.-. f \i ..«., l.nt it I may here state that there is not a grist mill in the whole district of A'«'''f'\.":J' the Sault there arc no less than five mill sites, as may be seen by a P'»"/°. <'!" V^ Land Department, by Mr. Vidal, P.L.S., of date 18th March, 1863. The best ^^^^^ adjoining the Hudson's Bay Company's post. Colonel l^mce and other gentlemen ot means have made application to tlio Crown Land Department, proposing to purchase a Mtt to erect a grist I'uH with certain ruu of stones, and Lu urk lor no ueed until iUc mil. -^ erected and in running order; but I have not the moans of knowing what action the Department has taken ^ in the mutter, although it is a matter of great importance to the district of Algoina. 85 I would respectfully recommend, if no action has been otherwise taken, that the five mill sites be so d at public auction, either in the City of Toronto or at Sault Ste. Marie, after being well advertised both in the United States and Canada papers, and that the sale be subject to the condition of the site being put in use within a certain period. There is no Protestant place of worship at Sault Ste. Mario, but service is occasion- ally held in the Court House by the Church of England Missionary from Garden River, about 12 miles below the Sault. ' There is a Roman Catholic Chapel and Priest in attendance, with a large congregation. Ihere is a very good school house, which has been built by private subscription. The average attendance of scholars is about 40, and they receive about $V)0 a year from bovernmeut towards the teacher's salary. There are also two Provincial Policemen stationed hero, under the control of the 3Jagistracy; they are highly spoken of as decent, proper, efficient men, and are considered very usetul, and a terror to evil-doer.s. In the neighborhood of the Sault a good deal has been done by the Governmeat in the shape of Colonization Roads, but for what great good remains yet to be seen. One road extends from the Sault to the Bruce mines, some 48 miles, with no le.^s than 67 bridges on it, costing some $1, 100 per mile, including bridges. This road is very little used except for a few miles out, and I could not learn that half a dozen people had ever passed over it. I visited it at several points, having been informed that several of the bridges had been burned down I found this to be the case with three medium sized bridges and that several of the others want repairs; and all of the bridges rofjuire to be visited by a competent person, and to have the bolts tightened up, otherwise they will certainly go to pieces. All new works of this character require thus to be attended to. I was applied to by several parties begging of me to get what was required to the bridges done at onco. I told them I had no such authority, but would consider it my duty to report the facts to the Government on my return, and which I now do. There are very few settlers along the road referred to— but there arc some very fair spots of agricultural land, and which would be readily taken up if it were surveyed and put m the market, but you cannot induce settlers to survey land themselves, at their own cost, and pay one dollar an acre for it besides, ivhen the Government arc advertising lands in the same District, already surveyed, at 20 cents per acre. The question may very naturally arise, why do they not go and settle on the 20 cent land .-* Simply because there are no roads, or markets for their products ; while on the road in questioD, they have a market at each end, viz.,— the Bruce Mines and the Sault. Another road branches off, about two miles out from Sault Ste. Marie, on the Bruce Mines road, into the Township of Korah, about nine miles long. Korah is a very promis- ing township, provided the read be CArcnded across the township, say six miles ; there are some 12 or 14 families, agriculturists, settled in it, but some have left for the United States and others are about leaving, simply because they have no road to fetch out their produce to market. Another Government road branches off, six miles out from the Sault on the Bruce Mines road, 14 miles in length, to Goulais Bay on Lake Superior; so far there are no settlers on this road I deem it proper to add that no one ia the District seems to have any charge or control over these roads and bridges), and it is to bo regretted that works of such extent, and some really splendid and expensive bridges, should be allowed to go to ruin for want of looking after, and some slight repairs. At present, in the District of Algoma, they have no taxes, and no means of imposing any, for such a purpose, even had the people the desire or disposition to do so. In January nest the District, by the Act of last Session, will be under the various old District Laws in lorce in Canada West, previous to the Municipal system coming into operation, hut how far that is to benefit the District is yet to be seen. Under the old District Laws all sums arising from taveru-licenses, shop-licenses and billiard-tables, go into tho. Provinci:)! Chest; while in the municipalities, with the cxeop- tion of $5 on each tavern-license, the revenue goes into the Municipal Chest and forma quite a large item of revenue; so that in this point of view tho District of Algoma will not be anything like sd favoraldy situated ns the counties under the municipal system. 86 While writing the word '* Billiard-tables " above, another difficulty occurs to me of anything but a favorable character to Sault Ste. Marie. I have referred to a " Summer Hotel," as^being likely to be of great service at Sault Ste. Marie, and it is well known that at such a place of resort it is necessary to provide all sorts of amusements to attract viditors, and in such a Hotel as I refjr to, at least four billiard- tables would be required, and on which, under the law by which the District of Algoma will be fi;overned from January next, there will be a tax of £10 per annum on each table, and which goes into the Provincial Chest ; this is no great encouragement to Hotel enter- prise, and there is no sucli tax in any of the counties. Three miles below Sault Ste. Marie and on the Bruce Mines road is an old mining location, two miles front by five miles deep ; it is supposed to be one of the forfeited mining locations. The whole of this lot would be taken up at once for agricultural purposes were it surveyed and in the market, but the Crown Land Agent at the Sault can give no infor- mation on the subject. GARDEN RIVER, An Indian Village and settlement on the Garden River, 12 miles below the Sault, and fronting on St. Mnry's River, with a population of Indians and half breeds of about 400 souls. There is a Church of England and Methodist Mission here, but the number of ad- herents arc small. The Church of England Missionary, the Rev. James Chance, and his lad}-^, each keep a school, but the scholars do not number more than eight or ten between both schools, and the congregation will not average 20 the year round. The Sunday pre- vious to my last visit there the congregation numbered /t-t?. The Roman Catholic body here arc under the superintendence of Les Peres Jcsuitcs, who here, as all over the district, are most assiduous in attending not only to the spiritual, but temporal and bodily infirmities of the Indians, by teaching them farming, mechanical and all industrial pursuits, and attending to both bodily and spiritual wants when sick. The Sapenor of the Order there, P^ro Kohlcr, informed me that the number of souls there and neighborhood, under his charge, amounted to about 600, and that the average at- tendance of scholars at their school was from 30 to 40 scholars. He also informed me that he had enteivd into a contract for all the material for a gristmill, and which he hoped to have in full operation by next harvest, at a cost to himself of §3,000. I asked him where the wheat was to come from, when he informed me that iu addition to what would be grown in the neighborhood, he iutended getting from Chicago a cargo of wheat each season, and which he could get up for next to nothing for freiglit, by vessels going up the bouth Shore of Lake Superior ior iron ore, and would gladly bring it for him from time to time, as part of their ballast, and land it almost at the mill. This would be a further means ot teaching his people habits of industry, and be able to supply them with flour fur their own use cheap, and have the bran and shorts for their cattle. He expected io have the mill put up pretty much all by his own people, and work it b^ them also. I here is a splendid bridge on the Bruce Mines Road, about a mile back of Garden Kiver. and which must have cost a large sum of money, and if not quickly attended to will certainly be down. The bolts require attending to, and some slight repairs to the approaches. a i- My last visit to Garden River was with Mr. Wilson, wl.o was sent down there by the Indian Department, in order to get the consent of the Indians to the surrender of two copper locations on the reserve of 400 acres each, applied for by Mr. Keating as repre- sen. in- an American Company, who were going to open up the m'ines and work them. AV-i ^'^^ ^""''°;' assembled in due Indian form, on .the bank of Garden River, and Mr. Wilson thrjugh an interpreter, explained to them the object of his visit, and what lie '!„, up' ^''^"'.=^^'«r a, go'^'J ^^ciil of consultation and g.-sticulating, the senior Chief pre- J:^ ' /f-qu-chin-inie, made a speech and declined to surrender the locations, thus, for a time at all events, retarding the progress of that part of the district. The two Chiefs pre- l^l\^. Pe-qu-chin-inie" and " Ne-ben-ai-goch-ing." requested the interprfit^r tn sav fo m- Trrn^-^Jll^'.T °°"?"'^'i'°ate the contents of the for oier speech to the Government 1 prom sed that I would, and the speech, almo&t word for word, will bo found in the xLppenuix. Forty-fiv( John Bo num for < ined his 1 reports to Thia time of m west, had perty was will be all West Min have the 1 puny, at a This population 1400 souls Thee and have i then put ii shipped — { of copper, This < expenses) ( them last j Bruce iMin The value i last, " for 1 and, I was to ship ore As thii in three anc termination but, fortuna £25,000 st( spring, so tl numbers^ an Thenu Bruce Minci ham Sons, o: calling with loaded with A Post miners sendi There a much requin it is necessar ti'ict, except iMiucs, aii(l n prisoner ther There is with large coi and large Ho The Min that no other pany are enal the vicinity o: 87 ., - BRUCE MINES; 1-orty-five miles below Sault Uto. Marie anrl 9Q(\ mJi-..^ n „■ John Bowker-landing-waiter in chaSe^at fsakrv of'2m'^"^°^^"°^' '' ^ ^'''' '^ ^^^^y, lium for office rent and fuel-says it is not InnS? "^^^^S per annum, and £10 per an- incd his books and office-matteTand foa^d Tel fai^T* ^'"^ f^ ^'' ^^'"•^^- ^ ^-^»- reports to Sault Ste. lAIario ^^"^^^ ^^P* »°^ correct. Mr. Bowker ti.e '^t;:i^:^Ztt:::^Xr^^^ ^- .^o., although, at the west, Lad been burned, by fire communicated iVomth7h^^^^^ "^^"'^ half-a-mile perty was co7ered by insurance, so UiaUn a .wTr '} \^ ^''Se amount of the pro- mil be all right again. The ' Bruc Mbe ' is Vrr^ ^'^^'' «v«[ything, on that seSre, West Mining Company, through the agency of Me rs iavCf P '^^f ^ ^"^ '^'' ^'^'^^ have the Wellington Mines in fill on^rnf;^» luessrs. laylor & Co., of London, En-Wand puny, at a Royally of five pel cent ^ "' ""^'^'^ ^'''' ^^°^ '^' ^^^°«treal Mining Com populSntThr^L'ify^olTe^"^^ 400 men, and the 1400 souls. ^ ' "''''"'' "'^^ y^*^ «>ay say dependent on them, numbers and We L'^lnfeTe^n rXu f '\ZltT' ^''^°^' ^V .^"^"^^ ^^^" ^°^c years back then put into '^ puddling troS'. - . 1 ^^.f ,T '' ^'"'^'^ ^^ Powerful machinerv and shippVas it is^dSCrfce to^LTnt'E^nS^/' telf ^^'^ ^'' 'l""^''^^^' of copper, and is worth about $80 per ton ^^"°"^°''^— it contains about 20 per cent. " Ibr the month of July last, was 6 68,840 in three and eight years, it w;fs f.mS tlnffVo '' °°'' "^^'^^^S' and their leases expirino- termination of the feascs and u/uTh pi e wuuid"hav?h ^^ ^''^^'^^'^ ^^^'^'^^^^ ^^ t'"" £25,000 sterling) with the full intention of nn!J ?i, ^ ^'"^^ ^^^'°^^« C't is said for spring, so that, in a very few years we Tav look n?.^' *^'"', '^-P' "'^'^ ^^^^^^S ^hem next ' Bruce Mines last ycaf^'f 1^6' ^S£^^^^^^ ^Y^ and from the Portof ham Sons, of Liverpool, have been n,,? n„ .t ! of ^rst-class vessels, owned by Cuunin-- calling with freight'at ^arLus pTce'sras thol' ^otn^'oTr^'r^P^^'f "^ "^^"- ^"«-/' loaded with copper ore, direct for England ^ ^ ^ ^'''''' ""'^ ^^° arrival there are '"'^'t^S!^^^^^ '- convenience of the ^uehr^;:s;^"^^L!:u;:^K^;;^;^rr ^-^^^^^^^ -y Minos, and n., ,v,ular -S of rave of.'nn '"'' ' ^''*f ^*^ ^^"^^ ^^•'''"^ ^'^on^ t\ Bruce prisoner there very e^pensK^ s' Tnl^- conveyance, and thus rendering the sendint oTa .^, There is a go'od sc^hod 1 e're well a teS T' ' P T"^ S'^''^>' fe- unpunished'^ with large congregations; also three or wlv^J'V" ^'"^^^^^'^JV"^ ^''*''°''« ^'^"rchc. and large Hotel. ^"^ °' ^''"^ ^^o^^cs, dmng a good business, and a very .ond that ntthlT^o'^ZT.flXZ? i^^^^^^ ^^« Hotel and store-keeper. P-y are enabled to grant tl" mo„opo v^\°s1heir\f"-"^"T°"'"^'^' '^ ^''''' ^^ ^'- <^- the vicinity of the mines. ""opoiy, as their Mining Locations cover all (ho land in 38 -rzi, ST. JOSEPH'S ISLAND, Opposite the Bruce Mines, say six miles distant, and eight miles from the entrance to St 3Iary's Kiver, is a large and fertile Island, about 20 miles long, from cast to west, and about 15 miles broad, covered, in part, with heavy forest trees. The ruins of the old British Fort, commanding the channel of the St. Mary's River, are still to be seen. The settlers on this island find a ready cash market for all their products at the Bruce Mines, and it would be a most prosperous island did not a great dissatisfaction exist among the settlers because they cannot get their claims adjusted.' They are all SfjuattcrH. Two commissions have, at different periods, been appointed by Government to investigate their claims; the first. I learn, never acted; the second, composed of .Messrs. Wilson and Salter, did act—went over every lot in 1860, and made a full and complete Report to the Crown Land Department, and 1 am not aware what actieu has been taken on that Report. There is a good deal of cleared and pretty good land on the i.^!aud, and the people would be prosperous, happy, and contented if they could get their claims settled and their patents : but they are discontented for the reason stated, and some of them are leaving for the United States in consequence, as they say they do not wish to continue to build houses and make improvements on land which they do not know their families may continue to enjoy. Josejph Dolf((rs Casr. This is a very industrious, hard-working settler, a squatter farmer on a lot a i'e\f miles below the Bruce iMines, adjoining the surveyed Township of Lefruy. He has occupied the lot for 15 years, and has made good and valuable improvements, but finds himself in the same position as the settlers on St. Joseph's Island. The laud is unsurveycd, and was granted in 1846 to one Starues aw a mining location, two miles by live, and was forfeited by Order in Council, the six months' notice having been given. TIIESSALON RIVER, Twelve miles east of the Brnce Mines, and 60 miles from the Sault, a fujo river and "ood front stream, but only four settlers on it, who seemed very poor. 'Tis on an Indian re- serve, surrendered to the Crown but not siirvci/cd. The land could be sold if surveyed, the Crown Land agent having had many applicants. The Indian Department were under the impression that there was some valuable elm timber on this river, but I eould neither sec nor hear of any from any of the settlers. MISSISSAGUA, A Hudson Bay Company's post, 33 miles from Thcssalou River, and i)0 from the Sault, situated on a fork of the River Mississagua, a very beautiful station, and everythin"- neat and orderly, as is invariably found to be the case at all the stations of the Hudyon\s Bay Company. The only trade here is between the Indians and the Hudson Bay Company. There is only one settler, Sayers, a squatter, long in occupation. The land around here is also unsurveycd. The Township of Thompson is, however, within three or four miles. Salt oil's Saw Mills, Five miles east of Jlisaissagua, is also on unsurveycd land. These mills are now at a stand the proprietor having got into difficulties with the Montreal Mining Company, in whose hands they now are, and, like all their property on these Lakes— except the Bruce Mines — dormant. ' Lau;.o)i's MilU, About 10 miles east of Mississagua. This mill has been erected by a French Canadian, by name, Alfred Lauzon ; he has been there three years ; has erected a first-rate mill, witji a mult-y and circular saw; and has built a wharf, with a tramway on it for shipping his lumber— sonic 300 to 400 yurdti long ; has built six dwelling-houses for himself and men, and also a good dam. His supply of water is from a lake about a quarter of a mile back of his mill ; this lake is about 1 mile long and about half-a-milo broad ; at the N. W. end of this lake id a .rmall '' portage " and then another lake about four miles lon ma" ^ eaU^,i fined which may sa J any a.Ct'J^JolVrh: X '"°^ -^"^-^'^^^^^ - ^ -' h ou^^'s loTt' Killariiey should be made a Sub nor^ np p*", '*"''•• aud ,t is the first place touched in the Free Po."!'^' "' " ^'""' ""'"^^'»' "^'vessels call fhcre, Memorandum of (he distance tvandl,d in an open boat to nt , ' tion given ;— "P"" ^o«^ '« obtain so mnvk of the in/orma Sault Ste. Marie to Bruce Mines. 10 ht. Joseph's Island ...... '• 45 miles. To Thessalon Eiver "'''. 10 -' To Mississagua 24 *' To La Cloche V. . .....'.'.'.'.".*."'. .', 25 " To Little Current '. 54 " To Manitowanniug .',','.'..... ^* '" To Wekwemikong ,[ []] oO " ToKiUarney 25 « 2.) " liack to the Sault . 250 <' 250 « 500 " ,, ^'^^"'" «"t>ll^; OF 1.AKE 8UPKRI0R "^ Lake^S's::;ini!!r;;!S,5s;: L!^ -rtt ^^^ "-go up boat to Fort William, I had no dt^rnaUve but r ^''' "! '^'' ''-"'''' *» '''•^'^ =^ ^>"all I could, about Sault Ste. Marie ud?t/Lciihi3 TT"^ f ^"''"'^ "'^^'■>'' ^"'^-"^tion ou the next trip, after laying to in ' WaiS JW' f ' ^- t ^"' •'''"; ^'•'''''^'^> ^''^''-'fo-o, count Ufa violent storm on the lake to V I ^ .l""' '"''' ^T' ^" ^''« "Algoma'- ,.„ ac •^hH being the first stopping place of ^ ''Michipieoton," about 15 , zation ; and when you get there cxLnt ■. i r i V ""1 ""' '^'''''' ^^'' ^''^ P^i»f oicivili- •jothing to bo seen but (^'e Hud ^n's Z loS "' ^^'' ^'"^ •'^"'"^ '^««"^ry, there t "Moose Fort," nudson\s JJay is 300 „?^.: ? ' 'V.^'J^^'^^"^^' "^'='t a.;d orderly a« is usual . point in canoes in «ix dayf^'h e b^'in s don^^'/f '^ ^^^'" '•^-'--^ ^'-" "hit J^ay Company and the Indians nd ho Ton 1 n ' ^''*,"' «^ ^'^^r^'^. between Hudson's "o opporta^ity of visi i„K .KlZl , , , ?i,i "» ™,«'^«»«-t of bg, and I, cousequeutlv, had ;.nly some 10 or 12 men at work soV^ . w' ' I l»"<='\l'Owovor, I learaed there were " about 16 ,„iies hy 6, elred ^ | Ze fl' Treh 'm" '"f '""'IS '.''"'■ 'J'"" I*°<' no great value, unless for eordwooj ICe i,^ '». 'l i ' ""'' '""'''°' '"' *« timber is of »nd the bay is full of salmoVtZt a„ wMi V,r ™ "m' "•'',™ i'' '"," "'''P'^'ilo'i "'out, very valuable in mineral deposit-si "er eorer.^^ 11 , ° "i"",''' ""•"■>'"«. i» Hiongh I'any have a location on it ' '^ ""'" ^"'"^•-'"i *= Quebec Mining C?m- ,,uoi lS:r°''otin°''t'^"l"""' "'l° 'f "l"« '^^J'' »■'-'"=<' « '!- "'»«". ..f .1,,. K..,ni-:sto 42 only remained ct Fort William two hours. I also was informed, that some two or three copper und lead locations had just been discovered in about the same neighborhood. If the bar or shoal I have referred to were removed, and which could be done by dredgipj;, for $10,000, the river would then be navigable, for steamers, ten miles up, and if ^lr. Wdllbridge's mine turns out a success, of which there is every probability, two shipments of ore, within ten miles, would be a very great drawback. " LesPfercs Jesuites" have also a very successful mission here, soma two miles above the forton the opposite side of the river; there is a good church and some 50 to 60 houses, chiefly half breeds and Indians nusiibeiiog about 300 souls, add a school with about 80 scholars j also a resident priest. The good influence of "Les P^res Jesuites," along the shores of Lake feuperior, is generally admitted by all unprejudiced visitors; the poor and often degraded Indian being instructed in agriculture and industrial pursuits, tending to elevate the human species in every clime. There have been some six or eight American steamers and other craft in at Fort Wil- liam this geason, but as there is no Officer of Customs there, I could procure no report of what was landed or exported. I should deem it very advisable to have a landing-waiter there, as it is becoming a place of great resort. There is no magistrate here and one is absolutely necessary, also a " lock up." Mr. John Mclntyre, the Hudson's Bay agent, is strongly recommended as a most suitable per- son A reward is at present ofleied, by the Government, for an escaped murderer, an In- dian, who has been prowling about Fort William and setting all law at defiance for more than a year ; he will more than likely now be caught there, but there is no magistrate to commit him, or place to confine him, nearer than Sault Ste. Marie, upwards of 300 miles. The Hudson's Bay Company have a large farm here, and raise oats, barley, and all kinds of loots, and there is no doubt wheat can also be raised here. Fish is most abundant both in the Bay and liiver, and Mr. Mclntyre informed me that 30 barrels of white fish were taken at one haul of seine, close to Fort William. Ou our return towards the Sault wo again tried to touch at Michipicoton Island, but found it impracticable, and had, consequently, to bring the miner back to Sault Ste. Marie, where he had started from. I regret to be obliged to give so poor an account of our siJc of Lake Superior, but where there is little else than a wilderness, there is little to report upon. I am, perhaps, wrong in saying there is little else than a wilderness, for it is admitted on all sides, thatonr north shore is quite as rich in mineral deposits as the south shore, if not more so. But when we find the Montreal Mining Company holding not less than 16 mining locations on Lake Superior, 160 miles of territory, and all patented, although merely the front lines run — no side or rear lines and not a pick at -work in one of them, it does not omen well — and it almost deters explorers from going in, for, after spending their time- labor and money, if they do find a location, the chances are ten to one that it is on some two mile by five location of the Montreal Mining Company. I annex, hereto, an extract from the " Portage Lake Mining Journal of lOth September, 1804," showing, to some extent, the opinion on the south shore relative to our north shore. EX. rORTAOE LAKE, MICHIGAN, MINING JOUllNAL, IOtH SEP!'., 1864. Canadian Mining Matters, "That there arc rich and extensive mineral deposits on the Canadian or "North Shoro " of Lake Superior, is a fact of which most people, cognizant of the country, are well iuformi'd ; and, were it possible, would have availed themselves of, had not the Cana dian Government placed in their way so many obstacles as to make it a waste of time to endeavor to remove tlieui. " The first great obstacle was the establishment of monopolies, almost similar to that of the Hudson's Bay Fur Company, and the payment of royalty on every pound raised, according to the estimation of officials. Besides this the Government has been exceedingly ditutcry in nniking necessary .surveys, and though the objectionable royalty has been abol ished, yet it is now utterly impossible to purchase a tract of land for waul uCa descriptive boundary. " From the information gathered from gentlemen of standing and exn riencc, we arc led to believe that copper and silver exist in Canadian territory, in forma'tiuns similar to those of tive bey Logan's trayed tl jet ; of \! of iheir i "It who, we New Yoi trken ex bringing, of these and espe "Ai location ( Quebec, ^ belongs t policy eh now but I I ma market al ther infoi at the Sa speedily I I noi or U. S. s true. The Marie, an^ is 350 mil 45.31; th two Protej all kinds, uiands the This( 1 mile 304 It was about one j 750,000 ac The contra which they exclusive o ries on the appointed 1 In t In t Int Thele line, 100 fb The si, Thew Thew 48 some I f-og.n', report to tU, Caoadian ParUamcot inVh on . f ?,'ri-°n' ""'',"'* ^'" ^^"1""" raved the metallif.r. us wealth of tho Can'd ao 1 ,1. '■'.'"''^:! '^ ?°'l soiratiaoallj ,, ,,■- je. .of wonder that oar neighbors .hould havo hi „ ,„'^ ■'T'°'' '".""='• " '>'" '"'«" » ""I'- of iheir ooantry. * "" '""'' '" """""•" m dovolopbg il,e resourcis who;weVni:r:s:Ss\i".:dTw™hD vtsr f '• '^-.^jf "=^' '^^-i- »f "»■"->. ^ew York, the whole raiige of ,iir,f7om,K"','-f-'""<' "™- '^^ "• 'aompson, „ trkeo extensive notes of the leading SsL^n J hV°","'°" '° Copper Harb:,r, ,„i br,ogio„ the subject properly befor° ParUameo „tl. ° '.T'''"*'' '"' "'"' » "ow to of these gentlemen will result in effecUo ' a 3Ll ',, "'" ^""T' "^'^ '""' '!'« view, and especially in having ,hc Gover^l'nV peJfeetltrvfv,'" """'"" ""' '^'"'''"' '""-■ location^:n tSanrofThe'uk:; tVinre1rc3:'';};l™f"^ '»/"?'"'' '" -'^« »»^ Qnebec,witbonoof,woanswerstovouraDnli„a,io„ fl 1 ^T" '"""J l^'P""""". at be onga to the Montreal Mining CoCanro e e°i!' " l™*»",-eithcr .hat the land speedily be taken up and settTed on. ' ' "'' '' ^'"''^ ^^"^^ ^'^ ^'^^ ^o'^ would U. S. OR SOUTH ^.lOnE OF LAKE SUPERIOR true. ^ P^"°'- ^^^y ^'^^ leluctance for the comparison in painfully 45.31; the rapids here have an ascTn of sVp'^^^^^^^ J-ke Superior in N. Latitude twoPrutestant^ndoneOathoHccTurehes tfj^^^^^^^ To' "^^t'. ^''° ^•'"''«« ^^"^-'"^ all kinds. Fort Brady, an old IJ S MmlarPoi • M "' ^^ '\''''' ^'"^ '"ecliauio. of .ands the St. Mary'/niver, an'ith'o !^^Ko1l.rrol° 7^^^:!^']^^ ''' '^ „.. *. Marj/'s S4i> (7ana;. 1 n.ile 304 f^l'llf °°°""'' ""' ""'«""»'' °"^^'» Superior with the lower lakes, is about^LT„iltV°?dotrs'''ot°a^lTer'1'° "'""'' l^^S, within two jears, and cost 750,000 acres of land, wrn^arb^ouTes, for%arrf''M-''K''°''''-"'"'.J'''' " «"'" "' The contractors accepted the land bind?n! JhL i . Mif-ig-m in aid of buiidingit. which they did. There were from 12 t, ffior "' '," "TP'"" "■" °»'"'' '" "«> y^"^ eiclnsive of the men at thrquarr"cs \^ k °° "°^™Pl"y-'' "P"" "'" ™k o» 'he spot, rios on the Indian Reserve nrrAmhetbS S° W " Th 'Tr' ^""''^' ^""" ""•' V"'' appotnted by the Governor of MicS^ra^EeU pro?r:3i:ta."o7l.t.!!!' '' "«""" lo the low"^. peninsula „" z:::::::::::::::::::::::.^^ : The w?dth?f h? 1 5 f °* *i'^ S^°^^' ^^^^ ^^'^ ^° l^°otJi- 44 The lift of the upper locks, 8 feet; the lift of the lower locks, 10 feet; total lockage, 18 feet. Lower wharf, 180 feet loug — 20 feet wide ; upper wharf, 830 feet long — 16 to 30 feet wide. There arc three pair of folding gates, each 40 feet wide; upper gate, 17 feet high; lower gate, 24* feet high. 1'here were also upper and lower caisson gates, used for shutting off the water from the canal, but these wore found not to answer, and have been removed and a guard gate substituted. There was 103,437 pounds of wrought iron used in the gates, and 38,000 pounds of cast iron, and 8,000 feet of oak timber. The tolls on the omal are collected by the State, are merely nominal and only in- tended to defray the necessary expenses and repairs. The tollage is .six cents for every registered ton for every description of vessel, and no tollage on cargo. The first steamer that passed through was the •' Illinois," 927 tons, on 18th June, 1855. The average season of navigation is 6* months, commencing as early as 18th April, and terminating as late as 30th November. I transmit herewith the annual report of the Superintendent of the canal for the years 18(32 and 1803, uivinii' most valuable statistical information of the trade of the canal and Luke Superior. As these ro])orts are so clear nnd t omplete in themselves, it is unnecessary for mc to make any remark upon them. I will merely draw attention to one Table B, showing the whole number of vessels, sail and steam, which have passed throuffh the canal is 1863. No. Tonnage. Sail Vessels 952 307,142 Side-wheel Steamers 17G 129,179 Propellers. 129 71,'ll3 1257 507,431 I may add that of the above, one steamer was Kritish. Mr. Brown, the obliging Superintendent, further informed me, that the trade of this year would exceed that of 1863. The cupper region on the south shore is divided into tbroe districts, viz.: Ontonagon, Keweenaw 1'oir.t, and I'ortage Lake. Since 1845, when the copper mines were first brought into notice, some LoO Copper Mining Companies have been organized under the general 1;!W of Michigan, More than eight millions of dollars have been expeuded in explorations and miniu-' improvements. The Minnesota £.nd Cliff mines have declared and paid over two millions of dollar.-i in dividends since the (>ii!:;inization and working of tho.^o miiie.-^. Until 18(J0 all the copjier of the Lake Supeiior mines was ;■ melted at Detroit, Clew land and Boston, since which time, however, large .smelting works have been erected at Portage Lake, L S., while some copper ore hns been shipped to Liverpool to bo smelted The following statement shows the aggregate .shipment of copper and iron from Luke Superior from 1845 to 1SG3, and will be found interesting:— Shipments in 1845. do do do do do ilu do do do do 1840, do 1847. do 1848. Tons. !!!..!!!!'!!!!!"! "29 239 510 do 1840... 750 do 1850 040 do is.M S72 Jo 1852 H87 do 1853 1452 do 1854 ' 2300 lb3. 1300 S Value. 291.) 2,015 107,550 206,400 301,200 •..M)6,000 :-48,S00- 300,450 508,200 805,000 Sh d d o{5,65p -1„ lOKQ l^^^* 1,610,000 ;l: S;;:::;;:;::: SI ^w ;l:l««i ::.z:::::z:^ z: ; ; 2 \f'; 10000 4000COO ^° '^''^ 10044 4,000,000 /ro-i Oi'P. and Pig Iron. lorr Tons ore. Tons pig. ^^5f> 1447 do 1856 1159'' f]l^l '.::::::::::. miu ^" llf, 31035 f \^^l G5679 f I^GU 116998 ^^ 1«61 454yQ do 1862 ii57.'V -et th.ir broods -huI mmnl! ■« .^.! ' I *^'' worchants and traders on the south shor. Too o?u .???; V -P . '" ^1'"'' "* " '"'^'•^ "«'"'»«' rate of freight, the vessels belli- Salisbury, (jonn .-onna Sv^edish, (best) ^^'?S'^ English Cable.. ^^'}34 Centre Co. (Penu.) ' fjl%\ Common English and American '.',". "'. SOOOO • Lake Superior |^'ggl,' A J^f^, t !??!€:fe"_''" ^"^^^^P'';^°'',^° botii shores; to "snpply ^he world .drh iron. 46 The next point of importance, I visitod, was the towns of Houghton and Hancock, on Portage Lake, 80 miles above Marquette ; Houghton is 14 miles from Portage Entry, on Lake Superior. The harbor is land-locked,— protected bj high hills on both sides. It was first settled in 1854, it now contains a gaol and court-houso, three Protestant and one t.'ath- olio churches, several minor hotels and boarding houses— one hotel, the " Douglas House," quite equal to any hotel iu Canada, — some 30 stores and warehouses, two steum saw-mills, two breweries, &o. ; the population is estimated at 3,000, being mostly engaged iu ct pper mining and lumbering operations. Hancock is immediately opposite, on the north side of the lake, here about one-eighth of a mile wide; a small steamer runs between the two places every five or ten minutes, and is saia to bo clearing §300 per week, the charge is five cents. The town was first laid out in 1858 and now contains between 4 and 5,000 of a population, including those at work at the mines in the immediate neighborhood, its sudden rise and prosperity being identified with the rich deposits of native copper in which this section (jf the country abounds. The site of the town is on a side hill rising 500 feet above Portage Lake, where the opening of the mines is situated. Here there are also two Protestant and one Catholic churches, five hotels— the Mason House being a first class hotel,— many stores, a steam saw-mill 'and barrel-factory, foundries, and extensive stamping mills, also very extensive smelting works. I was informed they smelted, on an average, 12 tons of pure copper per day, and 'crushed 14,000 tons of ore per day. There is, in, this immediate neighborhood, eight mines in active and succe.'^sful operation,— the Quincy, Hancock, Pewabic, and Franklin mines on the north side; the Isle Koyal, Huron, and Portage on the south, are the principal mines. One of these mines, last season, declared and paid a dividend to the stockholders of 100 rents per dollar, thus paying back tiie whole of the capital. The Buccesslul working of these mines, by means of greatly improved machinery in connection with the smelting works, gives profitable employment to thousands of miners and laborers, thereby rendering this locality the great copper mart of the region, the pure copper being shipped to the eastern market during the season of navigation. In fiict, after visit- ing Hancock and Houghton, one can safely say that they have seen the copper mines of Lake Superior, and certainly in their prosperous state. (iNTOXAOON, Eighty-six miles west ol Portage Lake and 33G miles from the Sault, situate ut the mauth of the river of the same name, some 200 feet wide at its mouth, plenty of water for large vessels, and au extensive pier and bre:ik-w.iter ; the town contains two Protestant d one Uutholic churches, some 1500 inhabitants, two steam-mills, good stores, &c.; there are here also, several very productive copper mitics, the ore is found some 12 or 15 miles from the landing; silver is also found hero intermixed with the copper ore, which abounds iu laro-e masses. A good plank road runs from Ontonagon to near the mines, some 14 miles, a small steamer also runs on the Ontonagon River in connection with the mines. The population, including the neighborhood of the mines, is some 6,000. SUPERIOR CITY, Mhineaota, Contains Jrom 12 to 1600 inhabitants, on the Bay of Superior, at the extreme west end of the iake, near the mouth of the St. Louii River; here are two churches, two hotels and some 10 or 15 stores and warehouses ; a small river, the Vemadji, runs through the town. It 1^ said no place on Lako Superior has commercial advantages equal to this town, its fu- ture is magnified almost beyond conception, owing to several most important lines of rail- way which will certainly terminate here, viz : to the Falls of St. Anthony and Sauk Rapids on the Upper Mis.sissippi, &e., &o, i'OND DU LAC, St. Louis County, Minnesota, lays on St. Louis River, 20 miles above its entrance into Lake .Vaponor. _ A ysseis oi a large class ascend to this place, beiug within four miles of St. Louis fails, liaving a descent of about GO feet, giving a great water power. Stone and slate are extensively quarried here for building purposes, and iron and copper ore also abound in the vicinity and mai Belongii miles in and pre< Bay on •bore of present i Isle Roy Th. iraportar 1 1 1 1 3 The route, is From Si T T T T T 1', FroD Havi the south commerci tion very the south In ac l-eta — say for mik'i#S(|UJ but with ( Let a Let surveyed i that the ci inducing t one dollar is that eve that on an fling wouli than the d Let ni in New Yc those for s£ 4T ^:'itLZL:'"' " "° '"' ''"'"" f"'°^' ^""^ '" i">P»"-' P'-e both for trade ISLE ROYALE, Belonging to the T. S., is about 45 miles in lenL'th from NE tr^ ^W . a f a. .n Ihe following tables of routes and distances from Superior Citv nn.l Fnn.J An i «« ♦ important points westward may not be uninteresting ;-^ ^ "' ^^°*^ ^"^ ^'^' ♦^ From Fond du Lac to St. Paul, Minn. To Pokagema (Portage) -,, ., To Falls ofSt. Croix (canoe) I^ °^^/*^- To Marine Mills (steamboat) in ', To StiJl Water ( do ) ^,? To St. Paul (stage) V//// ".'.'.*.■.'.'."*.'.*.'.■.'",'; fg From. Superior Cit, to Pemhinn, Minn.^-^beiny on the loundary line at the Red Ri.er To Crow Wing ^'''^''"''''- ., , To Otter Tail Lake ^U lailcs. To Kice River 'V " To Sand Hills River '..V. I* / To Grand Fork (Red River) In I ^'" ^^-bina... : : :;:;::'.::;:;;:::::::::::;:::::;::::' sS << From St^ Paul to Pembina via Crow Wing, 46i mile>- ^^^ '"'"' the souTh 0? U 's^4Z;''f w'^J'' ^''^'^^'' '" ''"''' ^'«>-«»«° °f i^« «tatc of matters on oLrrdal nL,tui^on • f ^"PfT""' ""^ '"'^'^^^S ^' ^he contrast between the great tTo^ve rnatural V n.^Z.^^ "?'' '^'""'^'^ " ^^^^"^^ wilderness on tho other, the ques- ttsoS haSilir""'^^ '^^^"' "'^^'^ -- ^^^ '1-- to make the north shore progress a. • !" t\'n\t^l:Xecl L"df of b'oflf rt^ *^ h' ' would respeotfully suggest as follow,. : &;^hen:L^ bo -^.divided into seLns, :'olr,^l°niI;i7'''r '"''"' ^''"'^ agricultural lands be done away with; survey 1 u.Ynronno-^^^ ' ' ' ""' '" '^''''^ -^ '''''' ^'' ""''''' '^'^ whole country ^ould bo 1 rtle count^fs'^muH" rV,T ^l' 'T' ^"'' ^ '^^^'^^'^ ^^ ^^'" ^e admitted on all sides indLi7/tr2r n of irini '^ 1' ^' ^'r^.'"^ ^^^^'^'-^S th<^ lands at 20 cents-thus one llfnr PC • Cr^.nd InH ?' '"'' " ^T''T ''' ''''' "'"^^au holding the lands at is rharfveiT mt, ;; m.n 1 "^?'"l "'' '""^^ f'^uJ^elves. I believe the calculation 8 nai eveiy man, woman and child in the country is worth ?30 u y nir— that is it tak.., M-.t CM. an average to suonovr e.ch.-consennnntii: . ..,.n. ^^^^J:^\JZ.t Vlt M than the difference betw* ing would r|end each year, n lan the differennf> hpt.«7,.o.. oi) ity $300, surely this would be more beneficial to"th en HiJ cents and a dollar per acre n and sct- c country J.et maps be prepared, lithographed and circulated throuirh th in New York, and along the south shore of Lak those for sale : e province, in Hostou, upcrior, showing th^ lot.i taken up and 48 Lot the lots be sold at the agencies on Lakes Huron and Superior, and do not oblio'o ♦he explorer or agriculturist to come to Quebee ; " Let Sir Wm. Logan's maps and reports also be published to a limited extent nuu riv- culated, they could readily bo sold at a sum sufficient to cover cost. The foregoing was the course adopted by U.S. Government on the south shore, and the result has been that every acre has been taken up, the mines have been oiiened and rverything is flourishing, while on our side we have almost utter desolation. ' It may be said the U. S. Government got ^U per acre for their land, true, but that was their first and only price after they had surveyed the country, while we have had our lands, such as are surveyed, in the market at 20 cents, and it is a received maxim that it is an easy matter to lower a price, but a difficult matter to raise it without injury. I had frequent conversations with gentlemen largely eniraged in mining operations on the south shore, and by one and all was told — " Open up your country as we did by surveying-maps, agencies, kc, and before ten J ears are over you will see as large a population on your side as we have on ours. We have no lack of capital, we know your shore is equally rich in mineral wealth to ours, and we ar^ willing and anxious to go in, but you must remove the barrier now m the way. It does seem," said they, " so inconsistent that at Fort William, 300 milee up the Lake, and at several points on Lake Huron you offer surveyed land at 20 cents per acre, while for un- Kurveyed lands immediately adjoining, you a-sk one dollar per acre aiid parties to survey it themselves; and as we understand the Regulations oblige us to take 400 acres when per- haps 40, in some cases, would answer our purpose." I would also respectfullly recommend that the "Fisheries xVct" (which has caused so much trouble in that region) be done away with there, except as reut down at about 7,000, which includes Indians; and the population on the south shore of Lake Superior alone may bo fairly estimated at about ;}5,00ii. 1 have felt that ic reporting upon the working of the Free Port of Sault Ste. Marie and the trade of that part of the country, I had a very different duty to perform in many respects, fioiu what I Avould have had I been inspecting the Free Port of G"aspe, and for this reason that Gaspo is represented in both branches of the Legislature, has the benefit of municipal insti- tutions, and hiifj a large, old established trade; whereas Sault Ste. Marie, or I should say the District of zVlgorn;\, is a new District without any of the advantages I have named. 1 have th( meot in to the D To R. S go out ai many ye? treaty wi that the . member ( invested never rec as our an "So Governor the land Batchewa of 80 acre down to s occupatioi money di' more of oi we heard the mone^ son's nor , surrender My a laid out fo Spanish R the link w Herei St. Lawret of 1^63, found usef 10th ( 49 rxifcs haye therefore considered it my duty, through vour kind m^iiln-^««^ * i xi. « meat in possession of any informatioi I c3 obtaL wh;.J T S! t\ *° P\T.*^1 ^°^«''°- to the District of Algoma and the Province at lar^eT ^ *^"^^* ^'""^^ ^' . ^'^'^'^^ I have th« honor to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, To R. S. M. Bouchette, Esq., (Signed,) c. E. ANDERflOK. Commissioner of Customs and Excise, Quebec. APPENDIX. Speech of Chief Pequchin-inie ai Garden River. " You will tell the Governor General fmm no iV,»i ^« go out and catch a fish for our me^TtratX"^ tLroM\rd"nora?lf;"' 'W.*° many years a^^o (1850) Mr. Robinson was sent up to us bv fhn r. ° '''''^ ' *,^^* treaty with him, and surrendered a large por ion of^ur iTnd/ Mr rT°°'' ""^ ?^'.^' " that the land should be surveyed and snlrl ^n^f JL ! *1 , J Robinson promised us member of our people should CivcV4?n ^ sh ad UThe' resfofT '''' "^ f ^^^''^ invested at interest for our benefit fe\, f^r thi hn,? W tl ^^ *''' ""^^^^^ "^"^^'^ ^e never received the U each promised to us bv AI T?nKr ' ^T "'•^.'^'^' '^"^ ^^ ^^^« «s our annuity. Pio'"'«ea to us by Mi. Robinson, only receiving $1 a year each Gove:;^r^n^ Z S ^Z^^nlf geT^S^:^ T^ ^ ^T^^ ^' "'^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^« the land should be immediately s^urveyfd and soTd and tSl/'"^; ^'^'^"^''^ "^ ^^^^t Batchewapa Bay any of us Indians sSlhn^^S'-M ^^^^^ o^^ of the surrender on of 80 acres each, at th^upset pS Wth^ ^"'''i'f '^^-^^'^^ ^^"^ °»'- ^=^™'Ji«^ 'ots down to settle at Ga^den'tiv^TrhUKvT/o^^Telot rd^^^^^^ ""^'.^f T' occupat on given them and thn^ h^(L. /iT. "' °° ^^"^ ^^^™' and deeds of money divided arongsfc as at one^ WeCP l'V'% ^' .^^^."''^ ^^^^ ^^,.00 in more of our laud, but^ot one of hi niLil W 'I'^ ^^'' ?T^^^'^'' ^°^ surrendered we heard of your arrival here thi.lKr ^T. """i'*^ ""* *° ^'^^^ ^«J^' ^nd when the money, instea^if whSymi w^" "^rn nV'''^ t\ '? u *^\"S^' ^^^^ '^'^^ ^^^"gJ^t us son's nor Mr. Pennefothe 's nrolTcs^^^^ T'V'"^' ,f ^°"Sh not one of Mr. Robin, surrender no .ore land'^^uFr^^^^iIlL;: af^^d^ Jh ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^''^ laid ^fi^:si?r tirsir?:tr:^sr^^T^ ^-- Spanish River to Parry Sound, on LorlT ^"1^ Th,'"'^ '^''"' ''"««?, vir, from St. W^cf V II Jl^sur^^^^^^^^^^ ^r^ "1 I^-/--J'« Map of the Lake Kegiou, of 1^63, of part of tl rNo^Sho ef ofT i^ ' n"' '^' ^I'^ ^'""^ department Maps found useful as a rcfe'cnce ''''' ^"''° "°^ Superior, and which maybe 10th October, 1864. (Signed,) C.E.Anderson. y 50 F. R of S. St, M., No I.^COMPARATIVE STATEMENT of Imports at the Fre* Port of Sault St. Marie. * 1861. St'^'Jdy • Galh, ^m , , do Rom. ..M do IVhiskey do Coffee do Molasses do Sngar, refined Lbs. do other do ^ea , , (Jo Tcbaeco, manufactured.... , do Soap , do Malt Liquor Galls. Weariiig Apparel Mauufaotures of Cotton .,!!.'.'." I do Woollen "!...",! do Leather Hardware .''" Faney Goods....... !..!!...!.! Wood do ',/' (handles .......,.,'..*'.,. Other articles ..,.,,....! Free Goods , Quantity. 143 iu " 523? 28696 8748 .3560 710.- 1042 I860 $54,421 Duty, if collected Value. $ 916 129 "2132" 92" 239.5 4648 4in 2£tr 3227 6713 2.5118 70? 2672 1299 6017 26189 1P62. Quantity. oil 446 49 7702 JM 6001 .37786 0339 1264 .3036 .5476 .$92740 $160.'>6 Value. $ ,^49 199 66 2188 fa" 542 22D5 •3406 556 18^ 1228 4037 6675 32146 877 5432 1442 7726 22833 90420 12905 F. P. of S. St. M., No. 2.— Summary of the Foreign and Domestic Trarleof th< Free Port of Sault St. Marie. luiporti. i Exports. Value of Trade with Foreign Ports, in 1861. do do do in 1862 Decrease in 1862 Increase in 1862.. 92704 , 235516 90420 2284 305S58 70342 Value of Trade with Canadian Ports, in 1861. d'l do do in 1863. Decrease in 1862, Inoreaee in 1862- .39179 41743 2564 Value oi Trade with Foreign Ports, in 1861. d' do Canadian do in 1861. Total Tra'Ie in 1861 92704 .39179 95 74 21 235616 95 A'alue of Trade with Foreign Ports, in 1862. do (Ki Canndian do ii 1862. Tntal Ji;i.le in 1.''62. T<.(.,i !■ f 'I'riiiii in I. '•1)2 ii\rr I ^01 Al Mi at