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I :_ ■' ■ I - M '■"-[ IP:*: i, ^ -' ,'V'^- . i'vV ' - c- ■ , fs."'' - ■-"•'?■ ' *';■ *.' ,4 ■ . f- . - •■■ 1 '' ' H ,_'j ->;Ji.| :•' . ■W^ "Ait fe^-'^'v ><■ VV-. . «, :>.1K'V '... ..^ '/;■ '•^' ' J'' V « . ^>*^ [»^*^ r -^H/h^^i^n 4 ■'■ '''■' ■*, Another Ani^er t TO THE 1, E T T E R f ;, |>f the Right Hon. y^-:-\ is WILLIAM PITT, Efq; -.5 TO t .':■.. f-^ALPH ALLEN, Efq; In v^hich the Rcafons m ailigned for not ve*^' ^ nerating the Admini%atton of that late Se- r cretary of State, and?*^ fubfcribing to the I Term Adequate, in re»ion Co the Peace, i/l ex ••'■* Anothir member of tks ^^ Coj^rORATIOM OF BATH. in 0^ bacfa&a ab$ te Spermr, Terent. JLONDON, i>^. -^^riK^- ■v.f . :f'€-^ fCHil *^l'' In order therefore to complete the diiTimili- tude between you and Africanus, and to ihcw how many things you fhould have done to. '^lave created a juft refemblancc between you^ I fhall take the liberty of comparing his and vour qualities and aftions ; and the rather that l>y this method I fhall be enabled to explain why I do npt venerate your pondu^ in the ad-^ ininiftfation. i-iin-zfa ; ! tn r -ni jr ,%:ipio appeas to have been a fcholar from thb .k^Qwn aiUftance which he afforded to Terenpo in the cottipofitioa, chara^ers and langqage of his Coniedies. You appear not to be ^ from the ilyle and abfurdities of all your titers, and particularly in your firfl to Mr^ Allen, in which you do denominate the epithet adequate, which exprefles quality ^ to bo ^ deiqription. The Roman was 9 gentleman, as is evinced from all his manners, atid moi^ flixpref^Iy in his behaviour to the Spanifh prince ^nd princefs. You feem to be altogether the con«« trary, froin ypuir, wMVerfal arrogance to ypuf jfqperlprs. >-«> -r?) ^\ .■ •■■:.> 'r:^ ' ■• '• •'/ Scipio with lingular modefty, after havingf fubdqed Spain^ defeated Hanibal, and r^ ^\m^ tfee Cartbagiflians] tp fu? |ort|)cace, 9- .,■: ia '% lejed ■ / h n P V ( s ) fered to ferve as lieutenant general under hit brother, and executed that duty with due fub-^ iTiifTion- You, Sir, puffed by conquers of other men, to which you little contributed, refufed to ierve your King, becaufe you could not rovercijcnly over-rule him} to remain a member of his council becaufe you could not abfolutely dilate therein ; and renounced tha reprcfentaion of the city of Bath, becaufe the conlVituents are not unanimouiiy of your opi- nion ; inftances of infolence or delirium not to be exampled in the hiflories of pail ages. Scipio when accuied, of malverfation of tho public money, by the tribune of the people, declining the iiTue of a trial, whatever might be his reafons for tliat condudl, retired from Rome to Literninum, and lived and died in peace, without attempting to diflurb the tran^ quility of his country. -.—^■y.-^TV You, after your faftidious resignation retired to Hayes, where you have been continually pregnant with ill-favoured brats which Lor4 Temple, your midwife, bringing intothe worid, has delivered to Ynuire WILKES their dry nurfe to be plentifully fed with the pap of im- pudence and fedidon^ in order to make ihend look plump and well-liking to the populace. Africanus was an orator and a general, as is evident from the writings of the Roman hii^ torians, where force of argument, and el©» gance of exprciTion evince the fir A, and his vi^prics the fecond, You ^^1 iaL^a ' ( 6 ) . You art a deelaimer and no general. Your bombaft expreiHons, falfe metaphors, and ina- nity of argument manifeft this truth. And you were never in the field of battle, but refigning your military profeilions, prefered the minif- (erially dragooning the Englifh into expence and ruin, to that of riding a cornet in the troops of your fovereign. Scipio improved his genius and underhand- ing in the above excellencies by die conilant Ihidy of the works of Xenophon. You have derived your Ikill in declamation- from Abemethy's fermons, your flowing and ^ jejune language from Mafon's Caractacus, yout * knowledge of the Engliih conftitution from Virgil's ^neid, and your unalterable opinions from Ovid's Metamorphofis, for thefe are known to be your favorite authors. The Roman commanded in perfon in Spain, Africa and other kingdoms. • -^ You have been totally unengaged in military Employments of command. The viftories of Africanus were the works bf his own hands and of his own wifdom, and proceeded from preparatiohs which were adequate to the deiign. Yours were due to the courage and Ikill of other men, the ca- pricious boons of fortune, and the blunders of your enemies ; all which fupplied the infuffi- ciency of your preparations. Witnefs for the firft, the conqueft of Quebec by general Wolfe, for the fecond ; the victory of Minden j for the I ti c n n tl vj t\ m yc ¥\ t\ ( i? ) the third, the prefervation of Quebec under general Murray, the capitulation of Gaudaloupe^ and the management of the intended expedition from Breft. - ? Scipio preferred the lives and fortunes of his countrymen, and never planned expedi- tions but where the expence of the former, and conqueil in the latter, were neceffaiy to pro- mote the public welfare. You lavifhed our blood and treafufe where no benefit could be derived to the nation, from the profuiion ; and planned expeditions where vidtory could bring no advantage. Witnefs the .thoufands flain ^ndilarved in Germany, whofe manes ought tp haunt your (lumbers. Witnefs your Knight-errant entcrprizes on the coafl of France againft St. Maloes ; the defeat at St- Cas; and your conquefl of Bellifle, which, to this hour, remains inexplicable in what man- ner it could prove a benefit to England. Africanus neither condemned the treaties which Rome had concluded, nor the adminif- tration of the great, becaufe he was not in fu- preme command, nor applauded them when in it. You, when out of office execrated the alli- ance with Pruiiia, and pronounced that the purfuit of German meafures would undo this ki ngdom ; and yet when you received the reins of government, you renewed the treaty with Pruiiia, purfued the fupport of Hanover with infiinitely more ardour than thofc whom you had fupplanted ever prefumcd to attempt ; and §mm^' ( 8; ) ftAd Ift this, With all due reveretice to the pre- late of Glouccfter, you were a moft fervile copier of thofe whom you had egregioufly af« fe^ed to defpife, or fomething lefs juftifiable. The Roman preferred none to places of command, hut fuch who(e intelled and taientft adapted then to the difcharge of their federal duties. You declared in the houfe of com-> mons that the mifcondud of Lord Anfon at the head of the Admiralty, was owing to his want of underftanding, the moft irremediable of all qualifications ; and then by compromife reftored him, and thofe whom you had fre- quently declared to be equally infufficient, to the polls from which they had been difmiiTed* You fent General Blythe to command the ex- pedition againft St. Cas, Abercrombie againd Ticonderago, and Forbes againfl fort du Quefne. Scipio preferred the wellfare of his native land to that of all other nations, and ncvet defeated the design of her armaments to pro- mote the meafures of alien flates. You or- dered and fent the forces of England on the expedition againfl Rochefort. Let me now examine how far it is probable that the origi- nal in/ention of this equipment was influenced by the treaty of Clofler Seven, and by orders not hitherto dlfcovered by the public. The circumflances on which I proceed fhall be taken from the trial of Sir John Mordaunt and other evidence equally undeniably. At t 9 ) At the time of your refumlng the feals, the pnke of Cumberland was retreating before the Marfhal d'Eftrees and had pafTed the Wefer : And you immediately engaged yourfelf in pre- paring the expedition againft Rochefort. The tranfports were m the downs, which were to proceed to Portfmbuth, for the embarkation of the troops deftined to that enterprize ; when the Duke of Cumberland was fo far defeated at Haftenback on the 25th of July, that he thought it expedient to retreat in order to cover Bremen and Verden, to keep open a communication between England and Stade, and to preferve the .\rchieves and treafure of Hanover, which were to be tranfported to that city. This new fituation of affairs created a trepidation for the eledorate and her trea- fure, which were now expofed to the enemy, tinlefs fecured by other means than thofe of force of arms. To obviate that danger a treaty of neutrality was begun, under the mediation of the King of Denmark, between the Dukes of Cumberland and Richlieu, the latter of whoni now commanded the French forces. During the time of this negociation the tranfports re- mained in the downs, whilft fair winds fre- quently blew over their top malls, without any vifible caufe for their inadivity on the part of Englaml. In the beginning of September they arrived at Cowcs, and a letter from you to Sir John Mordaunt, dated the 3th of the fiime month, m C uri^cd i 10 ) tirged the embarkation with all pollible expe- dition. On the 8th the convention was iign- cd at Clofter Seven. Now fir I would gladly know on what ac- count the tranfports were fo long detained, after they were equiped for the purpofe to which they were deftined, and when the land forces only waited their arrival at Portfmouth, in order to proceed on the expedition, unlefs fome fecret tranfaftlons in Germany were the caufe of that delay ? Is it not probable alfo, that the tranfports were ordered to proceed, and the embarkation fo emphatically urged, in your letter of the 5th of September, left a longer detention might bring an account of the convention being figned on the ^th, be- fore the armament might put to fea; and thereby more effedually difclofe the fecret of their retardation, and return without attempt- ing a defcent, than by failing before the con- vention was publicly known m England to be ratified ? Whatever might have been the rcfult of fuch cunning at that time, in thus making the failing orders to precede the ratification of the treaty by three days ; at prefent fuch (hal- low artiiices muft be feen to the bottom ; fince it cannot be doubted, though the laft hand was not put to the treaty of neutrality before the 8th of September, that the Qontents of it were known, and agreed to on the 5th in this king- dom* 09 _y^- -UK- <- ( II ) $ On the < iih of that month a4vlce was fent you, that the fleet was under failj and it fince appears that the orders which were given on the 5th of Auguft, ** that the armament ihould ** return about the end of September," were ftill unaltered and unrevoked, notwithanding there remained, but one and twenty days for pro- ceeding to the fcene of a6tion, executing the defign, and returning to England. Could this negledt have happened, unlefs the refolu- tion of their performing no real fervice, had imperceptibly operated on your mind, and ef- faced the attention of giving frefh orders ? Or what appears IHU more probable, was it that the convention being fettled, tho* not figned, the poflibility ®f its being not ratified with- held you from iflriing frelh orders till the rati- fication took place, or the treaty was broken off? Since none could have been well given more decifive till the event of that negociation was certainly known. Intelligence being received that the conven- tion was figned, the ambiguity of the for- mer fituation was annihilated : and on the 1 5th the Viver (loop was difpatched with frefh orders after the fleet ; and which arrived amongft them on the 2 2d, the day of their arri- val in Kafque road. Thefe new inflrndfions ex- preffed, " That notwithftanding the former " orders, which had ftated, the latter end of '* September, for their return, they Ihould ** not confider the abovementioned time as C 2 « in- » J a i yt a n nn^-i ,1 ) cc ce \ h i - ( «6 ) -;, .** land officers they had all agreed m retumliig '^. .?• to England. ] Now, Sir, to what caufe fhall we aflign the rcafons wherefore a dcfcent which was unani- moufly thought advifable in the evening, both by land and fea officers, and defered till day- Jighf, ffiould be entirely laid afide by the , land officers alone? Why did Sir Edward Hawke' to whom orders were originally given, like thofe to Sir John Mordaunt, and who was therefore to obey the opinion of a majority jof the council, refolve on returning to England without fuch a fandion ? efpecially (ince, ac- cording to the orders by the Viper, he want- ed no authority for tarrying out as long as hd pleafcd. And why did Sir John Mordaunt, without remonftrating on this meflage of the admiral, decline an advifable defcent ; and without calling a council to know Sir Ed- ward's reafon for that refolution of returning, acquiefce therein ? _ ' ' . Does it not feem probable, that lince the public orders by the Viper exprefled, " That *J with regard to any particular attempt which •' the general Ihall have commenced, and in •'the execution whereof he Ihall be adtually ** engaged .that he does not. defift, nor break " up the fame merely and foley on account <' of the time limitred for the return, " that it^ was thought prudent not to attack thefe forts ?- l^etl there being no vifible force to oppofe them, in all human probability, they mufl ¥■ gnthe lunani- ,both 1 day- )y the Edward given, d who lajority ngland :e, ac- want- as hd rdaunt, of the t ; and !ir Ed- Lirfting, ice the " That which and in idually r break account • that it, thefe brce to y, they mull ( '7 ) ikiuft \>t taken, and that therefore, under fuch* circumi^ances, there would be Icfs excufe fqi not proceeding to the demolition of the ihip- ping, Aores and dock-yards at Rochefort, than for reiurning without attempting it. Is it not probable from the preparations of the troops, officers, 6cc* in order to make the defcent at night> then deferring it till morning, and uUimately reje^ing it by the land forces alone, that this very affair had been determined in that manner in the council of war ? and that Sir Edward's fending his re« folution of returning to England, and Sir Johii Mordaunt's agreeing thereto, had made $. part of the refolution of the fame council ? and that all tlicfe contrarious refolves, otherwifi^ fo inexplicable, arofc from orders not yet made public ? Is it not very probable that this whold tranfa^ion Was conducted in this manner, for the fake of protra^ing the hour of return, and of giving to that delay, the countenance of a ireal intention to make a defcent, in order to dazzle the populace with fpecious appear-r ances? Without fuch previous refolutions, Would Sir Edward Hawke have undertaken to re- turn without the confent of a council of war^ and have rifqued an enquiry into his condu^ by a breach of orders? From the preceding and fubfequent conduA of thefe gentlemen, it is evinced, that they have, at all other times, behaved with the grcM^il cQn4u4t anfl courao;ey wh^ danger 1 I I i 1 i I il 1 i ( i8 ) has been infinitely more imminent than oi\ tliis t)Cca(ion ; and it can not be reafonably imagined they would, at this time, have com* ported themfelves in this futile, contradidlory, and irrefolute manner, but from fome inilruc- tions not yet communicated to the public. From a coiriparifon of thefc events with that of Clofter Seven ; with the omiiTion of re- voking the original orders, and fending new ones to Sir John Mordaunt alone ; from the difpatch of the Viper Sloop after intelligence was received of the completion of the treaty of neutrality, is it not as clearly evinced that ferret articles in the convention, to which the world is ftill a (Iranger, produced inllmdions which defeated this enterprize, as that the twylight is an emanation of the folar rays, tho' the fource of them be yet inviiible ? And would xiot a man denying his aflent to the evidence of the former, be equally abfurd with him who ihould refufe it to the latter ? Notwith-"- ilanding the evidence of what has been already offered, may' fuffice to convince all uninfatu- ated men of the truth of what I would prove ; rhcthrcad of probabilities, which completes the moral conviction, that this expedition was influenced by latent orders, is not yet totally unravelled. Aftonifhing as this return without attempting .1 defcent appeared in the eyes of all men, and clamourous as the nation became for an inquiry into the caufe of it, you. Sir, remain- ed ( '9 ) ed at cafe, and nothing was propofed to fatisfy the people on that head. At I'ength your rival in oratory, the renowned Sir James Hodges, propofed to the common council of London, to inilrudt their members in order to bnng 2 difquifition of this tranfadtion before the parli- ament. Allarmed at this unforefcen event, you prepared to obviate the defign, and to preclude all enquiry of that nature. You were convinced, that tho' a judge advocate might be inftrudted to a(k what quefllonsyou thought proper and no others; that tho' a court martial might be com(X)fed of what members you pleafed, and fuch perfons and papers alone ! called for as you ordained, that the houfe of commons might afk what queilions they pleafed, that many of them were not to bic influenced bv your power, and that even yourfelf, ana what perfons and papers they demanded might be examined by them : and therefore that by fuch meafurcs the whole proceedings of the expedition might be ana* lizcd, and the component parts difcovered. You were confcious alfo, that tho, a majority of that houfe might pronounce the commander guiltlefs; that the evidence of things might pronounce him guilty : and that by a revelation of the whole, your darling popularity might be completely annihilated. It is no wonder therefore, that you preferred the inqnllition of a court martial to that of the national aiTembly, whofe more immediate concern it is to de^ D 2 velope '■ 1 i Ml ) ( »o ) velopc the caufes of fuch Higtsint failures. Whatever might have been your motives, a meflage was fent, to the Lord Mayor from the king, fignifying, th^t his majefly hadcom^ manded the affair to he enquired into. This expedient prevented all application to parlia^ ment, and once more reftored your bofom to tranquillity on that account. Tho' it was now become impracticable for you to avoid all en^ quiry into this aiiair, the manner in which It was begun, demonllrates the difinclinatica with which it was undertaken ; and the pre< faution which was obicrved to evade even the irefearch of a court martial. The continuance pf it evinces the greateft care to exculpate the perfon to be tried, and to avoid a thorough examination of the mntter. The firft proceed t ^g on this fubjed is a convidion of the truth 4of your endeavours, by all pradticable means, f evade a trial. It w^s previoufly referred to three general officers, in order to enquire, whether the caufes of this ineffedual arma.^ ment, ought to be enquired into or not. A pew ?nd unexampkd meafure in cafes fo loud- ly demanding an examination, and, I believe, in all others. And as the perfons to be ex- fimined, were not to depofe on o^^th, and ^11 preferment .ame from yo'j, ?^ h not im- poflible that the Confideratioj ' iiK-ie parti-, f ulars, might pa-evail npt ^ little in the prefer*' jf^ng? of this method* i , : • Whatever vMmk^ n.. I ■ ( " ) . Whatever might have been your motives it appeared to thefe thr * oflicers, that the rea- sons for declining a delcent were not iatisfac- tory. In coniideration of tiiis, the affair was necefTarily brought before a court martial, on the 14th of Deer, at Whitehall, and Sir John Mordaunt was charged with difobeying L>s Majefty's orders. From a review of ihete o . icrs, it appears impoflfible, that Sir John Mordaunt could be found guilty. By the in- ftrudlions of the 5th of Auguft, he was obliged to follow the opinion of a majority of a coun- cil of war, the members of which were therein fpecified, and compofed of four land^ and four fea officers. Whilfl the general ad - hered to this particular part of the orders* it is impoilible he alone could be guilty of dif- obedience. In fuch cafe, the majority, or the whole, were the pcrfons to be tried, for difo- bedience, and not the commander in chief ^lone. And as by the fame orders it was faid, that the enterprize was to be attempted as. far ^s it could be found pradicable, a majority of the council, by the number, would feem to de- cide fufficiently of that circumflance. When it is recolle^ed alfo, that thefe orders were given eleven days after the battle of Haftenbeck, and a convention of neutrality was relblved to be propofed, does there not arife a fufpicion that this unprecedented man- ner of refcinding a general from following his own conglulions, after having heard the opinions ^^WB||!^?^'J^ I- \S m ! 1 ( « 1 opinions of others, was adopted for the fake or exculpating his condu^, fhould an enquiry, be made into it hereafter ? Notwithftanding thefe orders feem adequate to the imparting full power of deciding on any contingency which might intervene, and that it muft appear to the council, from the limitation of the whole expedition to one and twenty days, that no effential injury was to be done to the enemy ; it was not impof- fible but a majority might ftill appear in fa- vour of a defcent. In this cafe, the general, however felf-fatisfied he might be of the in- tention, that nothing of moment was to be ex- ecuted, could not oppofe fuch opinion with- out breach of orders, and appearing culpable in the eyes of all men. Whether the poflibility of fuch a majority in favour of a defcent, and thereby being re- duced^ either to a compliance which might fruftrate the negociation in Germany, or to the danger of being tried for difobedience, was the motive of Sir John Mordaunt's letter to you from Portfmouth, on the nth of Au- guft I ihall leave the world to decide. In that epiftle, it is afked, ** In what manner he is to ** proceed, in cafe the fleet might be detained, eVen in fight of the coaft of France, for a * week or ten days, without being able to * get into the road of Rhchefort, or of the ifle of Aix ; during which time an alarm •* will be neccflarily given to thofe parts ? " " . To C( cc WMH^V^ ( 43 ) To this you anfwered, " That you are com- *• manded by the King to fignify his majefty's •* pieafure, that Sir John Mordaunt isto judge •* of the practicability of the ferviees on the " fpot, according as contingent events, and ** particular circnmftances may require. '* Cer- tainly, Sir, this was a contingency, with- out farther power than what had been con- veyed by the orders, which came within the terms of judging of the practicability of a de- fcent, and within the determination of a council of war. Does it not feem evident there- fore, that an ecclaircifement on a fubjeCt al- ready fo perfectly fubmitted to the judgmt .; of a council of war was required to impart a power of the general's difTenting from the majority thereof, provided their opinion fhould be in favour of a delcent? Whatever may be the determination of the public on this par- ticular^ it was now left to Sir John Mordaunt folely, under the circumftance of being feen from the coaft, to follow his own opinion, in oppoiition to that of a council. And that this circumftance did arife, is evident from the teftimony of Admiral Knowles, who de- pofes, " That at the council of the 24th, it *' was taken for granted, that the French had ** intelligence of their deligns, " and there- fore the general was at liberty to follow his own opinion, or that of the council as he pleafed. Thus by the cffedt of thcfc double and contradictory inftruCtions, it was contrive^, that 'i '■""ik^.f' I. III! ■ t »4 ) Uri^if ihe geoeral was^accufed alone, he might txpulpate himfclf by appealing to the Hr^ pr« ^ers, and fQllowing the judgment of the coun-* ■ml : and if the whole counqil was accufcdi that then they might clear themfelves by having followed the general's fecond orders. And we have fee», that on the fpot, part of the refolutions was tranfa^ed in cquncil, and part by the general's commands, and thus a preparation was early made to obviate the mifchief which might arrive from either quef- tion. Hence it is evident, as thefe different orders, and the circumilance of the fleet's be- ing feen, were known before the proceeding to trial, that it was impo0ible Sir John Mor^ daunt could be found guilty ; iince he muA follow, either the judgment of the majority, cr his own. In either of which cafes, he was judified under your hand> and in confequence of thefe orders, which the general urged in his defence, he was neceflarily pronounced not guilty by the court ; the fentence which muft inevitably be forefeen to happjen. Now, Sir, when it is confidered that the firft orders were delivered eleven days, and the fecond, by your letter nineteen after the bat- tle of Haftenbeck, at which time the treaty of Clofter Seven had been determined on, and commenced, is it not probable that both were formed and not revoked, with a view to the con- clulion of that event, and of exculpating the i;eneral ? and that when the convention was ; figned. i light I or* :oun* ufcdf by •ders. irt of and hus a J the !erent t's be- :eding Mgr- muft ijority, he was |ueny was better provided by length of time, to convene a greater force, and to op- pofe it? We find alfo, by the conclufion of its being inpraCticable, that no attention was paid to this intelligence. To what can this conclufion be afcribed? but to fome fccret orders not to make a defcent, or to delay the time till the enemy had gotten together ample fprces to render a defcent imprafticable when attempted ? Why oiherwife did Mr. Broderick, who had fubfcribed the facility of a landing, in contradiction to the evidence of his own < E eyes 1^ I 'Hfc*w^ .i ti ^miim ^--t li eyes figh the refolution of the council, thsit it was inadvifable and impracticable ? Having concluded that intelligence is ndt to be believed, the next objeft was Sir John Mordaunt's letter to you of the nth of Auguft, and yours in anfwer of the 1 3th, re^ lative to the cafe of being difcovered by the French. On this it was refolved that, ** It "was ^* clear he had the power of judging, " and Mr. Knowles informs us on his evidence, that it was at that time, *' Taken for granted, that *' the French had intelligence of their defigns •* of the expedtion. " Now, Sir, is it not un- accountable, why intelligence, upon the exa- mination and evidence of fufficient men^ that ^ landing was pra6licable, ihould be rejedted, and why a thing Ihould be taken for granted without evidence, unlefs there were fecret rca- fons, for refufing the former, and receiv- ing the latter? or that the general might chufe to follow the council, or his own opi- nion as* he thought fit? The next thing which came before the council, was the pub- lifhed letter, fent by the Viper Sloop. On this it was agreed that no time was limited for their return. Does it not follow from the refolution of the 28th, by which a landing was deemed advifable, that this refolve was delayed to give the enemy time to render it impracticable, as it had been agreed that nothing but an attempt could prove - the practicability, or the contrary ? or that, as no time t thdt ( *7 )• time was limited for returning, that fome days fhould be wafted in fceming preparations, i:ill a better face might be given to their re- turn ? And does not the whole proceed, too manifeftly to be doubted, from fome fecret order, carried out by the Viper, which were tp render the expedition abortive ? Thro' the whole condudl of this trial, it is obfervable with what lenity the'piifoneris treated, and no- thing can give this obfervation a more convic- t\ve force, than a ccmparifon of it, with thofe of Admiral Byng, and of Lord George Sack- ville. It is remarkable, that in fupport of the charge, no witneffes were called, except Colonel Clark, Colonel Wolfe, and Admiral. Broderick, the latter of whom being a member of the council, was equally interelled with the General in his exculpation. The firft and laft polTitively declare the pra£ticability of a landing, the fecond fome- thing equivalent thereto ; the opinions of all, being eycwitnefTcs of the fubjed, ought tp be regarded in preference to thofe who had never examined it, particularly that of Gene- ral Wolfe, by all true Englimmen. A com- mander who proved his fuperior (kill, courage and fidelity to his country, in obtaining that memorable vidlory in which he fell, and for which you triumphed. The witnefles called on the part of the Gene* ralj were, for tjie^moft part, men whofe fate and. E Z reputatioa 1! M I ■ 1 ' i ! In I ll'I t »8 % reputation depended on thofe of him^fio'ilood before the tribunal. Men who were equally the obje6ts of national enquiry, and who might tt-uly be faid to give teftimony in their own caufc. A permiflion which the laws of Eng- land have juftly inhibited, tho' thofe of a court* martial admitted it. During the proceedings of the whole court-martial, it is evident that, the litmoll precaution was obferved to prove, that the regular iiege of Rocheforte was imprac- ticable, tho' as no cannon or mortars had been fent out for fuchan attempt ;^ it was evident that a iiege was not the orignal objedt, or that it was deiignedly rendered impracticable: and that no regard, relpeding the fituation of that place, was paid to Goloncl Clark, and thofe who had agreed with him. Not a queftion was afked, whether, after landing, the ihips, ilores, &:e* at ^Rochefgrt, might have been burned or liot, without taking the city; and this, even tho' that object conftituted the moft material part of the orders. Great pains alfo were taken to prove that Fort Fouras could not be ap- proached near enough to be battered by the ihips of war; which, if true, is a proof that the French had built an ufelefe fortification : and not a queftion is afked why the forts at the ent''''nce of the Charante were not attack- tacked ; and yet it appears from the evidence of Sir Edward Hawke, ** That an attack on «' Fouras, as well as that on Aix, had no con- ** nexion with the principal objedt in his- ^ Majefly's inftru^ions. ** From '( 29 ) From the nioft unprejudiced Yurvey of the ivhole^' the queflions, which Were alked of the wiineffes, Appear to have been formed re- lative to the taking Rocheforte and Fouras, becaufe the moil plauiible anfwers could be given thereto ; and none were alked which led to a difcovery of the caufes for declining the other articles. HaVe you a better reafon for this conduct, than that no iatisfadttory anfwer can be given to the latter? Such have, at all times, been my unaUer^ able fentiments of the expedition to Roche- forte; and tho' it was prevented from being feen in this light at the time of the tranfac- tion, while the blaze of your antigermanic proteflations was too dazzling in the eyes of the populate, to permit the difcernment of truth; yet at prefent, when that glare is eclipf- ed by your fubfequent germanic adtions, I pre- fume that few who read thele pages, Will re* main unconvinced of the falacy Which theil prevailed. Indeed you yourfelf, after the return df th« expedition, feemed riot a little confciouSj that your hitherto undifcovered revolt from £ng- lifh to alien interefts, would hairdly prove fuf- ficiently opaque to conceal the true motives of that conduct. Was it not therefore on that ac- count, inferted in the foreign gazettes, and thence tranllated into the Englim papers, ac- companied with the name of Lord Holder- neffcj ** That the convention of Clollcr Seven (C was ^»*«it«,a*B»- i i' ( S" ) •^ Was concluded without the knowledge of the court of England. " An affertion, which fince your anabaptift imnxeriion in the ocean of continental extravagance can hardly be cre- dited by the mofl fquint-eyed and feditious of your admirers. Permit me. Sir, to afk you alfo, when the treaty of Clofter Seven was completed, why . were you bullied by the menaces of the King of Pruflia into the iftfraftion of it, when by adhering to its flipulations, that country had remained in a neutral ftate, and ail that fea of blood, and immenfe wealth, which iince that time have been poured forth in its protedlion, had been faved to this nation. By this time. Sir, you may difcern how xhany deeds you ought to have performed, and what different qualities you ought to have pofle(^d, to have created a refemblance, be- tween you and the illuilrious Roman, befides thofe two inentioned by the prelate of grace at Gloucefter: and certain I am, that had Scipio, who wasr accufed of unbecoming afts Ipng pafled, afforded any thing fo fufpicious in his condu6t, he had not only been impeach- ed, but condemned by the Roman people. And if you fhould hereafter be called upon to anfw?r for your miniftry, you will do well to irpitate the Roman in one thing, and de- cline the inqueft q| a national examination, if it b^ pw(5ticable. Not' •^WNIIfftsjjp -Mllmlf»~ *». I ( 31 ) Nolwlthftanding, by the abovi comparifott you may not appear to have derived any great advantage to 'your charaAer, yet as I am equally a lover of grace and truth with the prelate of Cloucefter, there are heroes of no lefs renown than Scrpio himfelf, whom you certainly refemble. Wherefore to prove my impartiality and your excellences, I fhaH lay them before you and the world. ■> Amongft thefe, there was one Don Qufx* ote, famed in ftory, whom you manifeflly refemble in hcfad ; and one Oliver Cromwell, of execrable renown, whom you feem to re- femble in heart. As to the fimilitude with the former, certainly the miflaking Belleifle for 2Ln important conqueft, is not lefs roman- tic, than miftaking a barber's bafon for Mam- brino's helmet. And in imagining a natioti can be aggrandized and enriched, by con-> quefts which devour her fubjedts, and exhauft her treafure to twenty times the value of the aequifitions which could pofllbly have been^ retained, is it lefs vifionary than the knight- crrant's believing he could refcue two flying lovers from the inhuman Moore, by demo- lilhing Punch at a Puppet- (hew ? In like man- ner, in reiiedting on the fublimity which you blindly aflreW6, which were blowing m his backfide, by the hands of the populace. As tp your refemblance of the Arch-Rebel, doeff it not Wrongly appear when youprefunied to exped the implicit obedience of your Sovereign, and his council to your behe/l^, to dilate the names pf every man who ihould be in the cabinet, or in ofiice, and to rule the king- dom without contradiction or controul. And is not your aife^ted humility greately a-kin to his ^ffumed hypocrify ? yet, thanks be to theimr mortal God, your intellect is uneqpal to the guidance of fuch ambitious inclinationi> ; an4 the true feature^ of your foul were knpwn before the formerwere carried into perfect executioii^ . Having in this nianner partly explaine4 why I can entert^n no veneration for your ininiflry; permit nic to proceed, and to amgi| my reafons for concluding \bf tr;m8 of paci-^ iication, to be adequate to aU ^hi: expe^tions of reafonable beings $ and for ailerting that you, s^bove all men, ought to think in that man:^er. In doing this, you will give me leave to examine the articles of that peace, which, you would have concluded; wherefore you broke it off; and then delineating the circum- fiances of things as they exifted at the ccn- dufion of hoftilities, to compare it with that which is made. And as in the affair of Roche- fort, I have taken the whole from the trial cf Sir John Mordaunt, in this I ihall derive my intelligence from the hiftorical memorial of 0^ your ite^ociation tht authenticity of which is equally incontrovertible* l*he nrft proportion by the French, for the -grounds of pacification were, that each party ihoiild retain the conqucAs they had made. England had then in her hands Canada^ the illands of Cape-Breton and St« John in the gulf of 8t. Lawrence'} in South America the ifles of Guadaloupe and Marigalante j in Africa, Senegal, and the illand of Goreei in Afia, Pondicherry and the French fettte* ments on the coaft of (Joromandel; and the French were excluded from Newfoundland* and fifhing on the bank» thereof. Added to thefe the French miniilry, in an ironical and latyric fneef , told you that the important conr oueft of BelHfle ^ould remain with England, tho' it was undertaken and completed, after the propofition of the uti jpoflidetis. The con- conaueib of France coniiued, in Afia, of the Englifh /ettlements on the coail of Sumatra; in Europe, of Minorca, the Landgfavlate of Heflc, the county of Hanau, and the town of Gottingcn in the Eicdtorate of Hanover* This propofition, Sir, of each keeping what they had acquired, was the moil reafonable which could have been made, and the moil advantageous which otight to have been ex* pcfted ; fince the conqueils we had acquired, would then have rcmalined exactly as they were, and the whole refult of our fuperiority Would have been fecured by the treaty of '' f Peacip '^P^ ■ A.iy,... ••■'■« I III! ||f^^ '^ietirie.Aflcyou, if you are fo pcrfeft- ]y perfuade^, as you fee m to be, of the exce& of tl)!$ v^h^egftlicf Engliih acquiiitions beyond •Ihofe .of.Ffaflce.} if you are at your heart, the patriot; fnSniiler ^vhich you profefs by your ^p9» wlierefore did you decline accepting 4hqfe;t<{ri7is, The utmpfl which the moft fan^ gUi|i^:.\yMh could reafonablcy defire? Why 414 -Ji^ repQunce the prefervation of the J^Jciyf0ui:^4iapd fiihery, which was offered you by thp lerip of the uti poilidetis? Can it be af- ^X^bfed: to any other caufe, than to a convic- fis)n tha( .our boafted acquiiitions were not tWOHhiinpr^^^ than thofe of France ; or to your pf(0cf€ac^, pf alien intereils, beyond thofe of yo^ feeding and exhaufted country? what- fiy^X'Vf^teyo^T motives, thofe. moil reafonabl^ |)!]e^)b^i|^a8, of both fovereigns. retaining the <;qiK]uc^ they, had acquired, were rejedted, By yOP,t^$^ A V^y, 'Was entered upon, grounded 3^©: iwiaty being advanced to declare what fhoqld be reflored and retained, it ap« ]iji^1U]B-that you had agreed to give back, in «li^»:!py«ry thing; but Canada. You had, •jfld(?CH^;,rqferyecl Cape-Breton and St. John, bu( thpQ. you were to reftore the liberty of fiibiiti^ qn the banks of Newfoundland, and pf jprQ^arlng the iiih on the ihores of that iHajO^i, no inconiiderable part of the conquefl 'whtfih'%d,been niade ; and you added there- to •!» -7^ ( 35 f to the ifland of St. Pierre, in all reipeAs cqiial' to Cape-Breton, refpe^ting the fimery. Why' then do you roar at prefent againrt ameaftire,' which yo;i yourfelf had embraced ? You re-* fervcd alfo Senegal and Goree, but you rcn turned in lieu thereof a liberty of fettling -on fome other part of the coaft of Africa. Thus in faft, Canada was the fole remain of all the acquilitions we had made ; and which you- had agreed to accept in recompence fot all the thoufands flain, and millions wailed by^ your adminiftration. How well that country is* worth the price of fo much blood and treafure,' the people of England are no\^ truly con-* Vinced. * ' ' ' \ * '^' : ^ Such having been the terms oh which yovt would have concluded hoftilities, Canada' alone, after a fair eftimation of the values o^ what had been acquired on both fides, muft,' in your unalterable opinion, have been the fole advantage which refted on the part of the Englifli. This circumftance mUft etern- ally contradift your declamations on the vail fuperiority of our fuccefs ; or it will iland aii tverlafting monument of your poilponin^your country's good to that of German princes-: and this latter feems, aye more than feems, the true reafon of your rejedting the uti poiTidetisj in order to regain the dominions of Germans by an exchange of the conqucfts of Engliili* men. Nay it is manifeft you defeatedthe effedg 6t this treaty, becaufe the French would not give F 2 . . *n,^-i^ **^fe^ ^W^*^:".. ■" "*/■ '^^'^V-7^' \--^- ''"?.. ■':ykX'\ J I ■ _ ' I :,#«- ■-.r - 4 IIP WcCbI ^nd Queers to the King* of PruiHa ; territpric8y the income of which is unequal to the five I^Xifidfedth part of that money which the ^^lAi were obliged to raife for the fup* port oi- ?y faW k. T6 dyour /ident; ubt of every le iup^ compel at theft ification would IS. }Z% ano- Ifent. It of Cub- if thofe, m o«* fleets ( 4t ) iieeis slnd Htmies; yet that & few liiindrect^ only could be raifed, and thefe even at thd enormous price of twenty guineas a man. For thefe reafons, hi6 majcfty arid the miniftry forefeeing that thewant of foldier^ might tranf-* fer victory to our foes, deemed it the moft fa- lutary meafure, to eritet tipon te^ms of paci-^) ficatio!!; and peace Wa^ concluded. By this treaty the neutral iflands were d!« Vided ; we retained Senegal, all Canada* Cape-Breton, Sli John's and tne other parti of North America, poiTefTed by the French^ New Orleans excepted; and the river Mif^ fiiTipi was made the boundfy of our donai-^ nions m the new World. We acquired froni the Spaniard, St. Auguft^ne and the terfitory^ around it ; and the long coniefled right oj^ ciming Logwood was fettled in our favour* In Aiia, we refcrved our conqiiefts ; and w6 preferred our Newfoundland fiihery by the^ ipeedinefs of the peaCe, Which would haver been lod^ by a continuancie of the w^r : a cir- cumftance which was of no import, hen yoii had propofcd to reftore the French to that priviledge, becaufe at th^t time we had ft0 rupture wkh Spahfi, and our markets were ftill open. Now, Sir, I would defire you to compared the cireuroAanccs and motives for making peace, as they cxiiled at that time, and thd territories we have attained ; with thofe which cxiilrd when you pcopofed a treaty, tind wit|] •■«iv. m Whg| :.MMIK*mC ' '•:§ i' c^h, to ^WnVlinh/nOd yo« demand of Ivith what feoe then, cwJia , .^^^ h« beer; .concluded, when yoy.^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ havtf ■>ftd"C'*^^;°uS which could have after your fe]e*ng_thebett ^^^ ^^^ been made. *e^relervano ^^^^^j ^iU riothing fatisfy your become the lefs thaft?»edj4C.nsyo« k>"S. ^ad your •,wufe by _that_ mfana| w ^^^ ^^ receive. ' ' _ ^ ,, conclude my reafons . In this manner 1 ft^^^V^"^^^,^^^, -,„ the Bath ' "-y *="''ffiCS aMerfrifedatyour i l»« P".- *" ' ^",/"°,.^i^ opinion m your 4 exprefl^" ° AUen From your paft conduft. ^h« reafdn is there, to •irtion would ever prove una Her able ^ is ^^ from •jiSi r?r '■^'fK;'-^!:^. ave i it tion- :on- 3uld nen, ad of /hich vould iTorfe, Lhave con- rench? bition, tie the d yowr mcntly le beft ou can reafons he Bath niniftry Lvour of it me lo I at your in your condudt, hat your k? is it from ( 43 ) from youf having execrated* Sir Robert Wal* . pole and his meafures, and treating your Sovereign with fcarce lefs indecency ; then^ receiving a poft, extolling tlie adminiftration of the former to the Ikies, and declaring, that the annals of the latter, were the whiteft in the Engli(h hiftory? Is it from receiving a legacy of ten thoufand pounds on conditions' of never accepting a poft, and then fecuring yourfelf by parliamentary authority from the penalty of repayment, in order that you might accept it ? as you did. - ^ >>f^^.^> v^r "^ Is it from your relapfe into the nnoft invec- tive declamations againft the minii^ry of the Pelhams, then receiving another ^ poft, and • pronouncing, that their conduit l|ad proved' the moft falutary to the nation ? Is it from declaring, that fome men then in high offices, were incapable, of difcharging the duty of them, thro' want of intellect ; pro- curing their removal, and then* jreinftating them as fufficient men ? Is it from your afferting that Hanover would prove the millftone which would i^nk this kingdom into perdition, and then encreafmg; the weight of that millftone by infinitely more expence ;han your predeceflers would ever' have prefumed to have done ? en^c*i':a i^^^-k ; »{ Is it from your declaring, that neither a- man nor a guinea fhould crofs the channel in- •' to Germany, then tranfporting more of both* than had ever been known to have b^en^ Ga trunf- J*c . ?«i ^ 'v.s'^'' \l .■*•■■ ( 44 ) tJUnlported ? is it from pronouncing that Get- man meafures muA impede or prevent the American conquelh, and then declaring, that America was conquered in Germany? And lafHy,' that no one .poiUble abfurdity may re- main uncommitted by you, is it from your : execration of the peace, peacd-makers, and peace-appfovers, and then demanding Mr. Toivnihend as your ailbciate in the fecretari- fhtp, and agreeing; with Lord B -- e, to fcreen l|iin from national >reicntment, in order that- he might repave your way to power ? but your , inarrogance by demaliding fiom your S<—- n, more than inipudence had eyer afked in one* fobje^l from .attothcr. You were defeated iai the pofumption of yoiir demands ; and his Lordihip receirod the mortifying convidkion^ . th&tno'favottr could induce his M-— — y to for- feit hit own honour, or renounce his fubjefda: welfare. Is it from theib inftances, or from : what part of theJiilbry of your life is it to be* inferred, that your opinions are unalterable^ L aii^/ofar convinced, that a contrary and alte- riable difpoiition prevails in youy that! would - pledge my falvatibn on the event, fliould his Majeily propofe to reilore you to power, you : vvopki iiow accept it on terms of approving • the late miniftry of Lord Bute, arid every . aiticieof the peace» and that you would rife in Hhe houfe of commons ; unembarraiied and ' iiiuibafhed, for wlicrefore fhould you decline a/repetitionof what yeu have foofter: done,; : 'fa,,t* ► ' and "Hmtkj^'-^ .-^..-Hi- --■4 ( « > tthd harangue two whole hcwcs to that pwii^ . pofe. What avail then your " declarations iii ** parliament concerning that treaty, " arid what credit ought to be given to your affer- tion of unaiterabte opinion^ who haye hitherto . kept none unaltered ? As to the argument of the ** Impoflibility " of your obeying the commands Ot the Bath . •• corporation, " becaufe of your different aittl unalterabU opinion. I fee not that it contains ■:, the leaft reafon* Becaufe, in your fccond let-^ ter to Mr. AlleL% •• You declare yourfelf ^* their fervant. *' By what motives are fervantii , obliged to be cf the fame opinion with their maileis, in the fervice which is ie^red oi^' them ? It is their duty to obey, and not to ext^ mine the contents of their cOmmiiliom: tn,^ what manner then would the deliveiy of t] jLddrefs have been ** A difavoWal pf y<>^ «^ opinion"? / \Vhen, you (ay, *• You formed yoiiff opinioij * •' of the peace, with lincerity according; tc? ' *^ fuch lights as your little experience, an^ ♦^ imall portion of underftancfing could dSt^i " you. ** From your preceding anions, I darfi not abftain from doubting of your fincerityxii and was the opinion of your parts, a& hifnol^; as you affc6t to exprefs it, yoti would h^v^^y acquiefced with the fentiments of the l|6ufe^|' of commons, who voted the peace,- both rcja- '4 fonable and adequate. But whp perceives not ;; that trite, paultry, and iroi>ic ihcer, which ig^ ' ^onveve4 .- •iii- ■Jfe**/ ll K ..»^^:''. : I ' --.' ■» !i. C 46 ) conveyed in tkefe humiliating worcfe, ^ lil V leaving others, with much deference to their ** hotter information, to follow their own " judgment. " Did this proceed from a real ^nodelly, would you have declined repiefent- ing a City becaufe the conftituents of it were of a different opinion from yourfelf? It is the infeparable chara6teriftic of modefty, to al^ low that liberty in others, which ihe herfelf ailiimes. No Sir, this haughty condu;!il which you have adopted, proceeds from the fame mr fuhing and tyrannic fpirit which not bearing a difference of judgment in his Majeily, and his privy council, difdains the citizens of fiath, who prefume to entertain a different ppinion trom yourfelf. ,1 '■'.'. i . . . ) , Such, Si» are rny fcntiments of yoU, and pf the peace, and I ihall venture to affert V that your equitable and good friends will be ** ib good not to trouble you with another ii>^ •.* vitation lo feprcfent them, " and it is my <)pinion, that if you perfift in refufing to re-^ prefent a place till the conffituents are Unani*- mouily of your unaUeraH' opinion, that this i^ ihe lail parliament in which you will be a ro ' prefentative, . ^ "" ' • ' 1 am Gff , it:^ ' r-f'- Bath,:Augui^3Qth, .7 1') i"^ •' ' . ,7 \ .''J io^t prxj.^ix? Another Mfmbkr of twi^ Ml fl :' {// ,nj . Corporation of BAtH^ ,i JlEi IB "t to their r own a real >iefent- t were t is the to aii herfelf which ime in-r bearing 43jelly, zens of liiferent AX, axid aflert ; will be her in- it is my g to re-> 5 ilnani- Lt this i# be a TQ • -'it-' OF TH]^, ■i*i.- ■:i-mm^*--