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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul ciichd, il est fiim6 d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. ';;:.1- 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^o . I! m 'a 1' ■\f m .|(S *. ftr V f;rfy^^^ ^ s. ^i <^ » ;v»%^w^!<^!ff! < *< > ' r >fv>»^» w^ ^»;»g> g iy^^^ TOBOISTTO Water Works Investigation. REPORTS^ — OF. His Honor Judge McDoagall, J. J. Mason, C. F. Hanson, M Galbraitli and Edwin Jones. Read in ike Ctiy Council October 24th, iSSy. -TORONTO; E. ¥ OLARKE, CORPORATION PRINTER. 33 AND 35 ADSLAIOE STREIET WEST. 1887. SJiiifiji^^ri^i^ 'i i^^ lK iiii^i ii ii-^hlf'i^ ' '^^ *< '< , 6 ^ / "7 J / o TOKOnSTTO Waterworks Investigation. scTifi; REPORTS — OF. His Honor Judge McDoagall, J. J. Mason, C. F. Hanson, Prof. Galbraith and Edwin Jones. Read in the City Council October 24th, i88y. / TORONTO : E. F. CLARKE, CORPORATION PRINTER. 33 AND 35 ADELAIDE STREET WEST. 1887. Jp County Judge's Chambers, Court House, _ Toronto, Octoltcr 24tli, 1887. Hia Wurnhvp W. H. Howland, Mayor, Toronto : Dear Sir,— I beg herewith to enclose my Report upon the in- vestigation liekl by me, under a Resohition of your Council dlited 28th February, relating to the Water Works Department, and containing also certain personal charges against John Venables. Accompanying my Report you will find enclosed Reports of C. F. Hanson, acting Engineer-in-charge of the Pumping House, and of Mr. J. J. Mason, Accountant. I will forward to you as soon as it can be engiossed the very able Report of Professor Galbraith and Mr. Edwin Jones. Their draft Report was only completed Satui-day last. 1 have the honor to be, Yours very truly, JOSEPH E. McDOTJOALL. .;r ' W\i W :4:i-^''j»'..'i'; REPORT OF Ills HON(.)R THE COUNTY JUDGE. Toronto, October 24, 1 887. Hia Worship W. H. Howland, E.vj., Mayor of Toronto: SiK,— I have tho honor her<>\vith to submit my Report on the matters re- ferred to me foi investigation by Resolution of the Council of Toronto, dated 28th February, J 887. The Resolution is as follows: " Aid. Hunter, seconded by Aid. Ritchie, moves that whereas it has bein alleged that Jolui H. Venables has been guilty of malfeasance, breach of trust, gross negligence and other misconduct in relation to his duties and obligations as an official of the Cor,ioration of the City of T( ronto, styled the Engineer-incharge of the Toronto Water Works, in connection with the pumping engines, furnaces, boilers and other works and property belonging to the said Corporation, and the coal supply to the said Water Works, in that amongst other things he wilfully and negligently suffered and allowed : " 1 . The engines kncvn as the ' Worthington engines,' und the (urnaces and boilers and other property be onging to the Corporation at the Water Works wharf, including the weigh house and scales, to become and remain out of repair, and some of the same to be injured and destroyed. " 2. The use of unsuitable and defective material in the construction and erection of the new engines and boilers, known as the ' higlis Si. Hunter engines ' and the ' Perkins steel boilers.' " 3. The contractors for the said engines and boilers to depart from the plans, drawings, profiles and specifications for the same, to the great injury of the said engines and boilers. " 4. Also that he wilfully neglected ordev.s, and refused to obey the instruc tions and directions of the Committee on Water Works in relation to the testing of the said Inglis & Hunter engines, though obedience to such directions an(i instructions in making such test was at the time material to the acceptance or rejection of the said engines. «5. Also that he wrongfully made a report respecting the said engines cal- culated to mislead, and which did in fact mislead, tiie said Corporation as to the character, capacity, duty and value of the said Inglis & Hunter engines. « 6. Also that he, contrary to his duty and without authority, ordered in the name of the said Corporation goods and works from the said Inglis iHsiiod or |ii-ocMirt'd to i.sHiie cortificates arnl caused moneys to ho piii in connection with the management of the en^uies and boilers, and wilfully caused to bo increased the consumption of fuel and the costs of pumping Avater for the said Water Works. " And whereas, it is also alleged that the said John 11. Venables and others, ofHcers and employees of the said Corporation, have been guilty of gross negligence, breach of trust, malfeasance and othei" misconduct in connection with the weighing, receipt, ami use of and payment for coal during tho years in which the coal supply for the said Corporation was obtained from one Patrick Burns, a contractor with the said Corporation, and that the said Corporation has paid for coal which was in fact never used or supplied ; " And whereas, it is publicly charged that the evidence taken by the Police Magistrate in the late investigation respecting the supply of coal for the Water Works, disclosed un unsatisfactory condition of matters in connec- tion, not only with the supply of coal, but also in the aflairs generally of the Depjvrtiiient of the Toronto Water Works ; "And whereas, the Auditors reported to the Council on July 19th, 1886, that there was a detieioncy of $')21.02, and referred to a former Report which stated that there was a deficiency of $891.29, and in the September to December (garter of 18S6, of !F;{^().98 ; " And whereas, it is allegetl that the said Department has been mismanaged, and that some of its otticials have failed in their duty, and that the system under which the said Dejiartment has been and is worked, and supplies obtained, and moneys received and paid out, is defective, and affords facili- ties for fraud and misconduct, not only on the part of the officials, but also on the part of contractors ami others doing business with the City in con- nection with the said Departuient ; " And whereas, the etfioient working of the said Department, and the honest conduct and management of the affairs connected therewith, are matters con' nected with the good government of the City, and the conduct of the public business thereof: Be it therefore resolved, tliat it be referred to the Judge of the County Court of the County of York to investigate and enquire into the several matters and things above refe»'red to, and into tin; system and conduct of that part of the public business of the City of Toronto connected with tlio Wiitor Worka Uopartmoiit : (I) whothor t.hor« hua l»Gen any inifi- con»laitioH and in what that njisiondui-t, hriMuhof truHt, will'iil n<'>;lect or default, or ;;roHH i-arolof-sn'-rts (!llnt^i^t(«d ; (2) whotlu-r the syHtoin an. conduct of that part of the pnldic himinossof th(' City of Toronto connected with tht* Water Works Popartuient has been or is defecitive, and if so, wherein the same lia-* heen oi' is defective, and to report tliiMeon to tliis Council th(( result of such tMi<(uiry and the evidence taken theieon." Immediately after receiving the above Resolution I had a consultation with W, A. Kostei, Q.t!., who had been a^ipointed to conduct the investigation on beiialf of the Corporation, and I arranged to proceed with the taking of evidence as sjieetlily as })os8ili|e. On the ',(th of March the invest i^^ation was opened, and from that date lilt the 12th of Jtdy I gave all the time at my disposal (having regard to my judicial duties) to thr taking of evidence. I found on the latter date that, owing to the illness of ^[r. Bigelow, counsel for Venables, it was impossible to conclude the investigation during vacation, and 1, thdiefore, adjourned it over till the first day after vacation, namely, the 2n(l day of Soi)teraber, and then sat daily till interrupted by tho sittings of my County Ccnirt on the |;Jth of Soptember. At the conclusion of my sittings, September 2l)th, I resumed the investigation, anci finally tinishod the taking of evidence on the 2Sth of Septemlier. The stenographer, Mr. BiuTOWs, in answer to my enquiry, told me that he would be unable to finish a complete transcript of testimony for at least a week or ten days, and 1 therefore postponed the hearing of argument of counsel till the lOth October inst. The hearnig of these a-guments occui)ied parts of the lOth, J 1th, 12th, 14th, ISth, 17th and l^th October. During this Ion.,' and tediou? enquiry 121 witnesses have been examined, a large number of them having been recalled from time to time to give testimony upon various points. This was imavoidable owing to th(.' wide scope of the investigation. The evidence written out covers 2,-143 pages, and contains about 7,f)00 folios, while 218 exhibits have been fy led. THE HATINO ASD RECKIVINO OKI'AKTMBNTS. 1. The first branch which came under my observation was the Receiving Department of the Woter ''Vo-v. "■Manifestly it i: of the utmost importance that this branch of the service should be conducted on the soundest business principles ; the annual revenue exceeds ii<3G0,tKI0, and tlie collection of this large amount, the dealing with over 2S,(,iO() accounts, the making out of proper bills and the entering of the respective debits and credits demand a thorough system. :j:-.uii^ ^.i^ . ,^ ;r;v^=-- --- -v- - ^'^ - 2. I found that prior to March 1, 1S87, there had been no system that could be tUgnified by that name. 'I'he Department, nominally under the control T of the Superintendent, was really in the hands of the late Secretary of the Board, a Mr. Morrips. Mr. Morriss was also head receiver. lie kept the cash-book, balanced his cash once in three months - that is, if the books would balance — he reCv-ived and paid all moneys over to the City Treasurer, taking his receipt for theaiirae. Mr. Hamilton, the Superintendent, admits that he found iault with the system prevailing at the date of his appoint- ment in 18S . Yet ho says that, although personally responsible for the the working of the system and for the proper handling of the wht)le revenue, he was unable to eftect an" change in the system. He says tliat the obstacle in the way of reform was Ihe Socretr.ry, Mr. Morriss. This gantloman, it appears, w^s opposed to any ch iiges. Mr. Hamilton siys that both he and Morriss thoroughly agreed that the then system was defective and inca))able of a correct audit, vet Mr. Hamilton could not get the system ciianged, Morriss saying, when appeale 1 to to consent to needed improvements, that he had changed the system toe often and he would net change it any more: and accordin"ly Mr. Mori iss.— who evidently ought to have been Superin- tendent — carried his point, and the system was not changed until some time after Mr. Morriss had retired from the Department and Canada. Shortly before Mr. ^Morriss left the Department a discrepancy of $65il had been accidentally discovered in bf Mr. J. J. Mason, of Hamilton, -x-Mayor cf that City, and also an accountant of Dominion reputation. 0. As to the Receiving and I'ating branches, after careful consideratioii and full consultation with Mr. Mason, I beg to adopt the recommendations made by him in his Keport to me. They are the following : (,«) That the Rating and Keceiving Departments should be absolutely and entirely separate, the staft' of one having nothing whatever to do with the otJier. (6) That the cash received by the receivers should ba day by day checked and hanued over to the cashier or Treasurer. (c) Tnat the street cash books should be posted daily into the street ledgers by clerks not being receivers ; or, in other words, that the receivers should not post and check their own receipts. (d) That the casual or intermediate charges and changes should be en- tered by tl.e stall" of the Rating Department in the street lodgers, and not by the clerks in the Keceiving Department (c) That, if possible, the books of the Receiving Department should be closed and balanced prompt at the end of the first month of the quarter, the balance still due b^^ng at once treated as arrears. (/) That, if possible, the collection should be made half-yearly, instead of stem adopted. 1 3. The storekeeper should keep a stock book and daily journal, or blotter, showing the goods issued and to whom. This book should be made up weekly and the quantities carried into the stock book at least once a month, deducting their stock in hand, and the stock book thns balanced. All new stock coming in should be entered in the stock book from tim.» to time as received. No article should be delivered out without a written order from the .Superintendent. I think the foremen should send in all their requisi- tions for supplies to the Superintendent. He should go through and coun- tersign them, and he would know each day what anil where all supplies were being used. To facilitate the despatch of business all these requisi- tions might be left at tlie Press House, and it ought to be the duty of the Superinti^ndent to call first at the Proas House before going to his office. There should be ore man responsible direstly for the expenditure of every cent of money and every oimce of material. 1 think a system is in the highest degree defective whidi allows any ward foreman or outside foreman 10 ^^ If to be able, without the knowledge of the Siiperiutendent and on their own mere motion, to order from the Press House and receive thousands of dollars of material for alleged user in difterent parts of tlie City. The storekeeper should have the Superintendent's written order for the disposal of every article not found in his stock when his books are balanced or audited. He should also have the Superintendent's written order for every article pur- chased by him and added to stock. When articles are wanted to be added to stock, whether they are such as are being supplied by contract, or to be purchased in open market, the storekeeper ought to requisition the Super- intendent for them, and get his written order to procure them. The store- keeper's books should be carefully audited, and I think stock should be taken at least twice a year. 14. I will conclude my Report as to the Press House by suggesting that it would be wise if Mie Press House was placed at some point near the engine- house, so that the surplus supplies for the pumping-house could also be kept in store, and delivered out conveniently from time to time as required, on the written order of the Superintendent. At the present time it will be well to mention that the value of the goods and stock of various kinds, including water pipes, passing through the storkeeper's hands, exceeds $60,000 per annum. You can better judge from a knowledge of this fact the great importance of a proper system of deahng with the items of so large an expenditure. , >-,i ; ,. V ENGINE AND PUMPING HOUSE. 15. The next and most difficult part of my duty in reporting to you is to deal with the mass of testimony la'd before me relating to the condition anU management of the pumping house, and to the grave personal charges preferred against Mr. John Venables, the engmeer in charge. Before entering upon the consideration of this part of the case, I had better state what 8tei)s I have taken to get at reliable data as to the position of affairs at the engine house, outside of the verbal testimony of the various servants and officials constituting the staff of this branch. Early in the investigation, and after consultation with the Investigation Committee, I determined that it was highly important to have the new Inglis & Hunter engine carefully examined by some independent and unprejudiced experts. I had two objects in view : F.'rst, to ascertain by a practical test tlie actual pumping capacity and duty of the engine, so that we might tliscoyer if the engine would answer the guarantee given to the City ly its builders, Inglis & Hunter, and, as a part of the result, to discover if the former tests made by the City Engineer and Mr. Hamilton could be relied upon as accurate and trustworthy ; and second, to have the design and construction of the engine thoroughly examined into and any defects or weaknesses of its ori|iiinal con- struction pointed out. To this end I named as experts the following three gentlemen: Professor Galbrai th, of the School of Practical Science ; Mr. Edwin Jones, of Chatham, mechanical engineer and machinist of undoubted skill and rei)utation, and Mr. C. F. Hanson, of London, for many years foreman of the shops of the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee hailway, and late for •f 11 the Great Western Division of tVie Grand Trunk Railway. As the latter gentleman had a long experience in managing large establishments, I placed him, witli the apjiroval of the Committee, in temporary charge of the engine house and the existing staff. Tie coitinued to act as engineer in charge, under my directions, until the 30th of September. The experts commenced their duties on the U8tb day of May. They overhauled and examined the Iiiglis tt Hunter engine as carefully as possible, but, within ft few weeks after their appointmen', it became manifest that the enormous consumption of water V)v the citizens, occasioned by the excessively hot weather in June and July, would render it impracticable to safely make a careful duty and capacity test of the engine. Such a test might be made hiter in the fall when the reservoir would be full and the other engines could safely be sto[)i)ed with the oViject of a test. In view of this conclusion, in which the experts concurred, Prof. GaU>i'aith and Mr. Jonr th(^ g<'"ge. Mr. Sj^roatt says before couunencing his test he thinks Mr. Veuables tested the gauges. At any rate, he was assured that tin- gauges liad been tested, and lie himself did nothing towards testing their accuracy. Mr. Hamilton says he ask^'il Venables if he had tested the gauges, and he says Venables told liim he had tested them and that they were correct. VcMiables says that he dirice. The subsequent history of the Inglis it Hunter engine, and its utter inability to perform the guaranteed duty, supports the belief that the engine and pumps never did the duty contracted for in fact, and the apparent per- formance was only secured by means of fraud and chicanery, liefore leav- ing this branch of the case I have, however, to report that the evidence shows that the pressure gauges of the two Worthington engines were also utterly worthless, not having been cleaned or regulated or tested foi* V)0- tween eight and ten years. One registered fourteen pounds too high, and the other eighteen pounds too high. 18. By the accompanying Report of Engineer Hanson it will be seen that the two Worthington engines are in a very unsatisfactory condition and in urgent need of thorough repair. 19. The annual reports of the Water Works Department, issued by the Super- intendent, are unreliable and misleading. A book called an " Engine Record Book" is kej)t at the Engine House. It purports to show, amongst other things, the water pumped and coal consumed from day to day. I have caused a table to be prepared showing the coal consumed, according to the Engine Record Book, for some four or five years past, and comparing it with the coal bought and paid for, thi^ residt is startling. The City in live years has bought and paid for two thousand four hundred and forty-two tons more coal than the engineer, Mr. Venables, reports from week to week h« has consumed under his boilers. The figures published m the annual reports of the duty performed and. the water pumped, as made up in the office from such contradictory and unreliable data as I have mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, will at once show that they contain no reliable or accurate information for the Council or public. 20. I therefore find, on the evidence before me, that the Inglis & Hunter engine, bought and paid for by the City, does not perform the guaranteed duty and is not of the guarfmteed capacity. I lind that she has been idle in the year 1886, 96 days, and the year IMST, toOctober 13, i'>4 days, all such idleness being due to breakdowns arising chiefly from her bad de.«ign, ill proportions and defective adjustment of parts and gear. 21. I have also to report that in my opinion it will be a matter of great risk and danger to dismantle either of the Worthington engines, with the view of overhauling the same, depending meanwhile on the Inglis & Hunter engine to keep up with either of the Worthington engines the daily supply of water. It ought to bo well considered in the Council whether some additional engines should not at once be purchased. I u 22. I beg to forward tho iiMe itei»oit of l'rof'«i-Hor (iiilhiaitli and Mr. Kdwin Jotieu as to ropairf and altorationH to be. inad« to tlie Inglis and Hunter engine. Tbese repairs, if mad«», niUy iniprove in some measure her sta- bility anerintongul;ited engine-hotise that I have visited the engine record book siiows the oil used from week to week, and forms a prominent feature in l,he engineer's weekly roporf. The Buffalo four engines, pumping thirty-five million of gallons per diem, used about $800 worth of oil per annum. The oil purchased in 1886 for our pumping- house, as appears in the Report, was $' '0() worth used on three engines pumping only about fourteen million gallons per diem. (c) I find Venables guilty of gross and culpable carelessness and neglect of duty, in stating to Mr. Sproatt at the time of the test of the Inglis & Hunter engine that the pressure gauges were all right, and in telling Mr. Hamilton that he had tested them when he had not. This does not relieve Mr. Sproatt or Mr. Hamilton of their responsibility in the premises, for they ought to have seen to this matter personally. (d) I find that Venables kept untrue records in his engine record book, that he weekly certified to the correctness of each page of the entries in said book, well knowing as to the coal entries that they were estimates only, and no* the actual weights, as such record purported to show, Ifius deceiving and misleading the Committee. 32. I now propose to deal with the charges 8 and 9, the most serious against Venables, namely : That he kept an incorrect record of the coal received, and issued certificates for coal alleged to have been received which ne knew had not been received oi' did not know had been received at the pumi)ing-house. 33. There was kept at the pumpinghouse a book called the coal book. It was the official record of the coal received by the City for the Waterworks. It purported to give the uame of each vessel discharging at the j umping- house, the date of its arrival, date of unloading, contract under which the coal was delivered, the weight, cart load by cart load, of each cargo as received, the weight, cart load by cart load, of yard deliveries distinguished from vessel loads. A duplicate of this book was kept at the office at the City Hall, and the original was sent from time to time to the office to be copied. This book was kejjt by Venables, and until the years 1883, 1884, and 188"), Venables had invariably certified on th(i face of the book, both m the book itself and the duplicate at the office, that they were correct. The practice then ceased of certifying, though Venables still certified to progress certificates to the coal contractor, and the book itself, as kept, was the basis upon which the Superintendent would certify to the coal accounts rendered by the contractors. All coal was paid for by the City weights as recorded in this coal book. This book was in Venables' charge, and was kept by him, although sometimes entries would be made in it with his knowledge and assent by his own employees, sent by him to weigh coal, but bv far the larger number of entiies in the book aie in Venables' own 16 J! handwritinj;, Vonablop, in liis ovidonco, statoH that it was IiIh duty to seo tliut the mt'ii woigliiiig tht- coal did their duty. J t was I )y the record in tluH booiv tliat Iliirns wdH paid. Tiu' ciiargo made is that a number of false and Irandulont cntiios were* niadc^ in tliis l>ook of coal never rec«uved l)y tho City, and tliat Durns, the contracitor, was paiil for the eoai so fraudu- lently entered, thoiiyli, as u fa(5t, tho .same was never delivered or received at the iMuniiing-house. The coal l)Ook shows in I S«;i that Burns delivered by certain named vessels ."),87() tons to the (Jity. liy the if arbor Master returns and (Justoms returns and Hums' iiooks it appears that harbor dues, duty, and freight was paid on r>,441 tons only by these same vessels, the dillerence, 4o"> tons, it is charged, represents Mie sum of the false entries for that year. In I8S4 the coal book shows 5,.') 1.5 tons similarly delivered by vessels. The Harbor Master and Customs returns and Burns' book show the harbor dues, duty and freight to be paid on 5,41^0 tons only, tho difi'enMico lieing 85 tons in this year, is also alleged to be fraudulent. Again, there appear on pages \'22 to iL'tiof the coal book entries of 417 tons of coal. These are charged as all being fraudulent entries, and they are all in Venables' handwriting. In January, 1885, a number of deliveries are entered up as having taken jjlaoe from liurns' yard. At one time tickets were held by the Department as vouchers for these deliveries. Aitei' an audit, which failed to explain discrepancies between the coal hook kept by Venables and the tickets produced in support of the alleged deliv- eries, all the tickets relating to the coal weighed by Venahhis disappeared mysteriously from the Water Works office and have never since been found. It is charged that a series of twenty-five tickets in all, representing coa! to the extent of eighty-six tons, were false and fraudulent, and that such coal as there represented was never delivered. It is also charged that the vari- ous entries were made by Venables in the coal book from time to time after thin kiinwiiij^Iy, and for the purpo«o of defrauding 35. The actual amount of these fraufls will never be known, but the evidence showH that the City has paid for over I , (KM) tons of coal in 18H3, 1884 and 1 88") not one pound of whicli was ever received by the City. I need not say that it luiH been one of the most ]>ainlul anti di.Hagreeal)ie duties I have ever been called upon to dinohaige to be compelled to report to the Mayor and Cou!icil of Toronto the conclusion above stated by me. I would gladly have availed myself of any reasonable ground for arriving at a dilferent opinion. I have found nothing, howevor, in the evidence, after the most careful and anxious consideration, or explanations made by V^uiables through his counsel, which warrants any modification of thes(> findings upon these grave personal charges against Mr. Venables. 36. The matter of these fraudulent coal transactions is of so much impor- tance that I strongly recommend that all the evid(>nce, and exhibits relating thereto, be carefidly preserved and placed in 8(jme secure custody so that they may be forthcoming should occasion arise for their being consulted again. ;i7. 1 have lo report that, in my opinion, Superintendent Hamilton does not appear to exercise that control over his department that a Superin- tendent should. The instance I have mejitionod in the earlier part of my Report, as to his failure to effect changes in the Receiving Department, illustrates my meaning. It also appears from the evidence that he does ' not possess that control and influence at the pumping-house that I think a Superintendent ought to exercise anil possess. He did not secure or enforce at the pumping-house obedience to his orders and those of the Committee. How much of this inaction is duo to the system v/hich has heretofore prevailed, or how much to Mr. Hamilton's somewhat temporizing disposition, I do not care to examine into. One thing I do deduce from the evidence, as to the management of the whole Department, is that until just before this investigation every official at the head of any branch of the Department seemed to consider himself master of the situation, as far as his own branch of the service was concerned, and Mr. Hamilton's sug- gestions of changes or improvements were either opposed and thwarted, or a point l)lank refusal was given to carry them out. I find no steps taken either by the ('ommittee or Superintendent to punish promptly many cases of insubordination and disobedience of order-. 38. One cause of much of the difficulty is the manner in which the employees are engaged by the Department. I find thirty-five men are employed by the year, and are on what is known as the Salary By-law. I find about forty-three men are hired and paid by the week or month. • These latter, I presume, are directly under the control of the Superintendent and Com- mittee, but the former, I understand, cannot be removed from their situa- tions except by resolution of the Council. The result of this is that many of the employees of the Department have apparently more influence in the 18 Council tlian oither Mr. Iliumlton or tlin Water Works Coinmittoo, and any attempt to remove thoni, oven for j?ruvo oiiUHfH, freciucntly results in a (lisiuul iaiiiiru ; and the " persecuted " employee in reinstated over the Superintendent's heail, and is ordered to he paid for time under suspension. An inspector recently suspended for drunkenness, protracted to the extent of a several days' spree, only failed by one vote in reversing the action of the Superintendent and being [iluced at work in «lelianco of discipline, sub- ordination and good exumiile. 39. I recommend that no employes, except the Superintendent and engineer at the pumping house, should b(^ placed on the so-called Salary liy-law. All otheremployecsshouldbc selected iindajipointed by the Superintendent and Engineer. They shoidd hold their places during their pleasure only, and the Superintendent and enginier should have the right to suspend and dismiss in a summary way any employee not performing his duty. The engineer at the pumping house, especially, should have the power to employ all his own assistant engineers, tiroiuen and laborers. lie should be held responsible for all that transpires at the engine house, and should have absolute control of all the men under him, and hii- power to peremp- torily ilischarge should be without appeal. It is only by thus throwing the entire responsibility upon one man at the piunping house, and holding him to rigid accou for all that occurs theie, that we can avoid a constant repetition of many of th i>fflcialH. Paporw niul (locmnonfH havo ilJHappoaroil. Soon a fnt th- iiKMilpatod indi- vidnal doos not riso to explain, and thit b<)ol< ncviM' hpph ligiit again. A lock on a < leak is brok<)n oil, and books stored in tho doak cannot \to found. Fortimatolv in this oaso tho books are fonnd a day or two lator, after it has boen (iGlicatfdy insinuated that an inv<^stigation bnfovo tho I'olioe Magis- trate may disoloso tho burglars and tho whoroabouts of tho phmdor. ' t a largo oxpenso, and in spite of official dilntoriness, inditTeronce, and active oppohition, in s|)ito of malioious and y day checked, and handed ever to the cashier or treasurer. 3. That the street cash books should be posted daily into the street lodgers by clerks, not being receivers, or in other words that the receivers should not post and check their own receipts. 4. That the casual or intermediate rating charges and changes should be entered by the staff of the Hating Department in the street ledgers, and not by the clerks in the Receiving Department. 5. That, if possible, the books of the Receiving Department should be closed and balanced promptly at the end of the iirst month of the quarter, the balances still due being at once treated as arrears. 6. That, if possible, the collections should be made half-yearly instead of quarterly, whereby the working of the Department and its audit would he rendered much easier. There could then be no excuse " that the work of one quarter was forever treading on the heels of the succeeding quarter." I think that if the suggestions I have made are as far as possible carried out, the City Auditors will be enabled without unnecessary labor to audit periodically the books of the Water Works Dei)artment, and I am of opinion that their duty consists not so much in balancing the books and accounts as in seeing that they have been properly balanced by the officials of the Department. I have said nothing as to the (juestion of the security to be furnished by the officials ; this is a matter of local regulation. That security of some kind should bo furnished is, I think, indispensable ; but whether by the 23 head of the DcpartniPiit alono, or by the indiviiltial einjiloyees, must bo to a certani extent reguhited by the system in force. 1 append for information notes taken by me on my visits to Buffalo and Detroit as a matter of information, and with tlie view tliat they may be [lossibly of some use to the Wat^r Works Department of Toronto. Yours faithfully, Hamilton, October 10th, 1887. J. J. MASON. BUFFALO WATKIl WORKS. The oflRce staff consists of a head clerk, who is styled " Registrar," two book-keepers, a casl ier who alone receives money, a countersigning clerk who checks the cashier, three general clerks, and eleven inspectors (one of them being cliief inspector) who deliver bills and inspect and report on new services. For rating purjjoses, the City is divided into four districts, each district being arranged bystreets alphabetically. Each application for water is entered in the application book. Tka work is done by a licensed plumber, who reports when it is in readiness Tor the water to be turned on. One of the insp(>ctors reports, so as to lix the rating, which is entered in the rating book. Thj applicant receives a bill, pays the cashier, and an order i? then given to an inspector to turn on the water. Any addition to or deduction from any existing service is treated in pre— cisely the same way as an original Hppiication. The rules and regulations relating to the introduction, supply and con- sumption of water are fully set forth in printed form f>r general use. The rates as a rule are payable h.df yearly, in advance, on the Ist May and ist November: meter rates and a few others being p.'iyable monthly. The description register or rating book is the basis from which all the bills are made out; they are then entered on the street ledgers, and are then delivered by the inspectors. The consumer brings the bill to the cashier, with the money. It is stamped, paid, entered ly him in his cash book; and also stamped and entered at the same time in a duplicate book by the countersigning clerk. Hands over the amount to the City Treasurer, taking his receipt, which receipt and a memo of his takings for the day he hands to the Registrar. Alternate cash books are used ; the one not then in use being in the hands of the checking clerks, who mark off the receipts on the street ledgers. The street ledgers are balanced as at the 31st December in each year ; the arrears which, owing to the strict rules as to stopping the supply, are very amall, being brought forward to the new ledgers. There are at the present time about 2''),0U() services, and on a few days in May and No\t»uil)er ah many as 2,(i(K) i)ills have been paid to the cashieis in 24 m '■■-:m 1(1- I' one dny. On these busy days tlie cashier has an as^sistant, who enters the amounts in the cash book, the cashier simply taking tlie money and receipt- ing the bills. / .,■ ,j UKTROIT WATKR WORKS. Ill Detroit the system lelating to new water takers and chan<)!es is practi- cally similar to that in force in Buttalo. thoufjh the system as to rating and receiving is ditt'erent. The City is divided into five districts, with a rating cler. who is also a col- lecting clerk, in charge of each. The rating is made once a year, in May and June, for the year commencing 1st July following, the assessment being added up, checked and transferred to the office book, i ., ,; The rat^s are payable quarterly in advance, in July, Octobei-, January, and April ; the rate for each family, exclusive of extras, being |5 per annum. If not paid in the first thirty days, a penalty of five per cent, is added ; if noii paid in the quarter the penalty is ten per cent., and the water is then shut oK -1 7 -■! • ri V':; No bills are delivered during the first thirty days of the quarter, water takers simply going to the office, payi«| the amount due and getting a receipt, the particulars being entered on the stub of the receipt book. After thirty days, defaulters are notified of amounts due and the penalty ; and then each collecting clerk takes a certain number of blank receipts from his receipt book, makes collections, enters in the margin of his receipt book when be returns to the office ; adds up and pays over to the head receiver, showing at the same time the blank receipts not used. The cash of each collector is kept separate during the first month of the quarter, but afterwards the head receiver keeps it. Each collector has a " settlement book," the amounts being taken from the stubs in the receipt l)Ook, added up, chec'ied and balanced with the head receiver, who keeps the general cash book. One or two subsidiary books are kept relating to extra services and other matters, but practically the system is as above stated. The number of separate assessments for 1886-7 was about 32,000, producing about $287,000. In comparison with the number of assessments and the revenue, the office staff", consisting of 1 head receiver and 6 clerks, is very light. The books are balanced and audited as at the 31st December in each year. The Rating and Receiving Department being practically one Department and not two separate Departmentb, I do not think that the system is as perfect as it might be so far as thorough checking is concerned, and I think time is probably lost by making out what is practically a double receipt when rates are paid, but it appears to have given satisfaction in Detroit, and, as before stated, is carried out by a wonderi'ully small staff of clerks. 25 MR. HANSON'S REPORT. Watkr Works Pumpiso ITousb, Toronto, October 17th, 1887. His Honor Judge McDougall : Sib, — I would respectfully present the following Report of work and repairs done in and around this punaping house since I was appointed by ycur Honor to tha position of Engineer-in-charge pro tern, on the 28th of May last. 'J'he Report by Professor Galbraith and Mr. Edwin Jones will specifically refer to the state of repair of the engines and building at the time we began to make the tests and examination, as instructed by your Honor, such tests involving the condition and capabilities of the pumping house, with its machinery and appliances. Therefore, by reason of the scope of their Report, 1 nee:! not refer to them further than to draw attention to the general air ci dilapidation around the whole place, and the general appearance of confusion and disorder, consequent upon the mass of brick and boiler work whicli was so much ucatterod about, both inside and outside the buildings, the whole of which belonged, or had belonged to the No. 2 set of boilers th<^n under repair. I will, therefore, confine myself chietly to the principal repairs that have been uviavoidable to keep matters moving, as well as to avert, what was at one time generally apprehended, a water famine. That the two Worthington engines are in very urgent need of thorough repair is apparent to any ou3 accustomed to the working of this class of machinery. In fact, remarks have been made to that effect by engineers of pumping works elsewhere, some of whom have charge of engines of pre- cisely the same kind. The ])istons o1 these engines need attention at once for adjustment and repair. The valves need to be examined very carefully, and the joints of the steam pipes and chests, and also of the exhaust and other pipes, from the regulator down to the air pumps, made anew. Such of them as were accessible during the time at our disposal have been renewed. Many of the pins and bearings need renewal on account of being much worn. The difiference between the pressure of steam required now for the efficient wor.ing of these engines and the pressure required formerly for doing the same work points to great defects internally, which, on account of the injurious eft'eet upon the quantity of coal consumed, ought to be remedied as soon as possible. It is a fact well known to all users of this or any kind of engine that defects very rapidly mcrease, and the wastefulness increases still more rapidly. These engines, having proved so reliable for constant work, are well worthy of prompt attention in this direction. 26 During tlie time tliat 1 have had charge of the imraping house under your Honor's authority a considerable amount of repairing has been done. I will enumerate some of the chief items : Engine No. 1 had new foot valves, and also a number of vftV'^ii ptit in the air pump plungers. Several joints havt) been made in the steam and other pipes and other places. The cros8-hoaportunity of saying in t'jis place that we did not find it nocessaiy to use this power; on the contrary, the employees showed in many ways their willingness to promote the success of the investigation.) We were formally lecognized anil contirmed in the above powers by the Water Works Committee, at a meeting held in the City Hall on May 3Uth. DKTAILS OF TUE PROPOSED TEST. The details of the test of No. 3 engine which we proposed to make are as follows : Test to be of 24 hours' duration, coal and ashes to be weighed* water entrained in steam to be detei-mined, leakage of steam to be reduced to a minimum and estimated, water pumped to be measured, and average head through which the water is pumped to be measured. The weighing of the coal and ashes determines the per ccntage of com- bustible matter in the coal. 'Hie measurement of the feed water, water entrained in the steam and the leakage determines the amount of steam made. The measurements of the fuel and steam determine the efficiency or evaporative power of the boilers. The measurements of the steam used and of the work done in pumping determine the efficiency of the engine. In making a test it is necessary to read steam and water gauges on boilers, counter on engine, water pressure and vacuum gauges on discharge and suction pipes of pumps, steam and vacuum gauges on engine, float gauges in well, temperature of feed water, etc. Some of these readings are neces- sary for making calculations, others for ensuring the maintenance of uniform conditions dunng the test. In addition, indicator diagrams are to be taken at proper intervals from tlie steam and pump cylinders in order to ascer- tain the work lost in the resistance of the machinery of the engine and of the pump passages. mm m •^tmfifimmi^mmmmfmmm 30 All instrumoiits for inoHsitroment, such hs gaugos, th(irmometors, indiciitors, weigh Boalcfl, (tc, ari« to bo teHlod boforn and after tho engine tOHt. In order to detonnino the actiio,! amount of wator pmnpod, as diHtingiii«hnd from the nominal iimonnt indicialcci by tho counter, it is nocessarv to make a very careful measnnimcnt of th(^ \vt>ll and of all solids in it displacing wat(*r. Float gauges aro also re(|iiired to note the rale at which tho water rises in tho wtdl durin;^ the experwnent. This measurement also d(.ts were made ready. A Woithington water meter was placed in the feed pife of No. 3 boilers to obtain an approximate i;ton pngines was not (!nnHi.st«Mit with indit^ator dia;;rainM taicen from thosf cngiiK's. 'I'heHe gaugwH wi^ro taken nU' and 8i'Mt to .Morrison's to be test«'d and i)iit in good order. The gauge on No. 2 engine was found to indicate a pressuro too great by IH jionnds, and that on Sn. I a proasiiro too groat by 14 pounds. 'I'lioso gaug<>H, aftiM' ('.(jrrpotion, woro M)plai;oi engine, and a thorough examination was made ol the details of construction. Thi; levels of the gauges, well, ami pumps with reference to zero (latum were carefully established. An examination was also made of the state of the well. An examination was made of the reciords in the Chief Engineer's otlirefore, reported to you that it would be inipos8il)le to proceed with the test at tb.at thne, and were thereupon relieved from further duty until we should be able to proceed without en- dangering the supply to the City. Mr. Hanson was instructed to remain as Chief Eiigineer-in-charge. We repor - 1 these facts verbally next dty to Mr. Boustead, and, after closing up t-vu- ers at the engine house, made a general report upon the condition ol afi'nirs to the Water Works Committee, dated July 18th. Indicator aiagrams taken from No. 3 enguie on July 10, are shown on Plae I, Appendix I. ,. During June and .fuly there had been such a marked increase in the daily consumption of coal that we considered it necessary to determine, as far as it was possible from the records in the engine house diary for 1887, whether this was due to carelessness in firing, or simply to the increase in the daily amount of water pumped. We found that from January Ist, 1887, up to May 28tli, tlie average duty of the two Worthington engines had been 163 gallons of water pumped per pound of coal, while, from May 28th to July 9th, the duty of the Worthington engines was 171 gallons of water per pound of coal. There was no ground, therefore, for thinking that there had 33 l)«>on imuHuul cHrolpHHnrHs iti Krin^ niiino we had hpon put in chart^o, but rather the cnntrarv. No. .'{ is, no <|oiiht, a hiirhwr ihity onfjinn than tlio VVoitliiiij^toii nnj{in«H, and, wln'novor it iH iJiNaMtil, tht'r« i« an iinMipdiuto inoreaxe in tho nonHinnption of coal. Thin fact, taken in connection with the greatly incrHiiund coiisiimiitioii of water during the past Hiunnicr, eaci'iy accounts for the iargt' to IHSC) inclusive, on page 168 of the Superintendent's I'cp )rt for IHH('>, shows that the pressures at the engine* house gradually increased from HH pounds per 8<]uare inch in the fonr n- year to nearly 1();> poimds in the latter. 'I'lo pressure for 1887, as recorded in the engine house diary, up to the time wb tested and corrected the gauges, remains about \{)^ pounds. After we replaced the gauges the pressure fell to aliout 87 pounds. Mr. Ifamilton's duty test of No. '.i engine took |)lace November 30ih, 188r). The pressure during the test was l(Mro2 pounds per square inch. Thus the pressures recorded from the time of this test up to the time we took charge practically a«v<*e with the pressure during the test. After the gauges are corrected, the pressures recorded fall too, and continue at about 87 or 88 pounds The inference is inevitable that the condition of the gauge on No. ii engine was the same during .'he test as we found it before correcting it. The tluty thitennined by that tost was 74,7^9,512 foot pounds per lUU pounds of coal. The error in the gauge was 18 pounds, whi^h would make an error of over 15 per cent, in the above duty, reducing it to about t)4,()()(J,()(H) foot pounds. The duties of the Worthington engines, recorded in the Superintendent's Report for 18H(), are similarly affected by the errors of 18 and 14 pounds respectively discovered in the gauges of these engines. No. i, instead of a duiy of 57,087,704 foot pounds, had only a duty of about .')!,< KH),()(M) foot pounds per 1(K) pounds of coal ; and No. 2, insteatl of 57,435,350 foot pounds, had only a duty of about 4y,()0(VKX) foot pounds per l(K» pounds of coal. The working duties of Nos. 1, 2 and .'i, recorded on pages 04, 0^ and 00 of tln^ same Report, instead of being, for No. I, 45,919,985 foot pounds, should V)e about 4I,0(K),()0(); for No. 2, 47,383,170 foot i)0unds, should bo about 40 '"" lO ; for No. 3, 64,498,193 foot pounds, should be about 55,U()U,(I(J() In the i calculations t'.i(>ro is an allowance of two or thi'ee feet of head for resistance in the pumps. Now, while such an allowance may be made a sti|)Mlation in a contract, yet in determining the true duty of the engim*, it should noi hv made. The corrected duties are, therefore, still too high. Having been informed that the contemplated test had been abandoned, we received instructions from you on Octobef 4th to prenent such a report as was possible undiM- the circumstances, stating the rcsi'its of our investigation us far as it had gone, and containing such rocommcndations as we might I '4 \ ^r deem advisalile. date. U This, in brief, is tlio history of our work up to the present RESULTS OF THE INVESTKiATION. We propose in the following : (a) To discuss the various i)oints of No. li engine, indicating what we deem to be the principal taidts of the engine and how they might have been avoided in making the design. (6) To peak generally of the jii esent condition of the Worthington engines, boilers, furnaces and plant. (c) To describe th^ condition of the engine house and well, etc. (d) To tliscuss the present system of carrying on the work. We shall then proceed to give our recommendations <<3 to what had better be done with reference to the above subject, under the present circumstances. This will finish the body of the Report. Appendices, giving necessary infor- mation on all the points, will be found attached to the Report. (a) NO. 3 iiXOINE. It is but just to the manufacturers to say that the material and workman- ship of this engine are of the best, and it is greatly to be regretted that they have been handicapped by faults of design. Foundations — The foundation, instead of being carried down to the rock, as it should have been, consists, we are informed, of a bed of concrate 1 8 inches in thickness. This concrete lies on a stratum of earth 7 feet thick, which rests on the rock. (!)n the concrete rest four parallel brick walls, the space between these being partly filled by concrete. (We had no opportui'ity of verifying, by personal examination, the above statements.) The engine rests on four p-rallel " I " girders, which lie at right angles to the motion of the reciprocating parts, and are supported on the above mentioned wuilf_ to which they are bolted. Frame — The frame consists of two independent halves not directly con- nected in any way, which are bolted down to the " I " girders above men- tioned. On &uc\i of these parts ot the i'rame are supported a steam cylinder and two pmnp cylinders. This arrangement appears to us one of the principal faults of the design. The effect of it is a tendency to rack the foundation and put the engines out of line. The reciprocating motion of one engine is, as the steam cranks aie now arranged, a tliird of a revolution later than that of the other. The motion of a ha'f frame is timed by that of the engine it carries, and thus the two half frames move forward and backward at different periods, 3ausing the racking effect above mentioned. The only methoil of resisting this tendency is by diagonal trussing and struts between the " 1 " girders and between the two half frames. ^ _ m The action of the steam reciprocating parts takes place above the frame connection between cylinder and main pillow block. This necessarily causes a tendency to bend the frame in a vertical piano This tendency is resisted by the bolts in the above mentioned irame conneotior , the fasten- ings of th« cross-head slides and the holding-down bolts in the foundations. These bolts and fastenings, owing to the working of the engine, are con- stantly getting loose and aggravating tlu', extent of the motion. In order, therefore, that this motion may bt reduced to a minimum, there must be no tendency of the foundation to spring vertically, and all the above fast- enings must be secure. Steam Cylinders. — The steam cylinders were designed for a greater piston speed thari has been found practicable, and hence for a high ratio of expansion. The ratio <~1 expansion depends upon the work to be done by the pumps per revolution, and, necessarily, must remain nearly as in original design, although the piston speed is considerably less than that originally intended. The engine thus does not work as economically as if the original design had been successful. For the i)resent piston speed a lower ratio of expansion \\ ould be more cccnomioal. This can only be obtained by having a smaller cylinder. Auoiner advantage of the smaller cylinder and less expansion, which is perhaps of as much importance as economy of coal, is that there would be a more even pressyre on the piston throughout the stroke, which is a matter of i)rime importance in pumping engines. For the present work the cylinder should be thirty inches in dianieter. Fly Wheel — The tly wheel is far too small and light. There is an essential fault of design in its positioi.. In order to correct the uneven pressures on the gear teeth, due to using steam expansively, the fly wheel should be placed betwoi o the engine crank and the })inion, and as close to the crank as possible. This wou'.d necessitate two Hy wlieels, one for each cylinder. ITiis change is "mpracticable on the present engine. Steam Cranks — There is an angle of 12(J degrees between the two engine cranks. 'I'hese should be at right angles. Pump Cranks The present arrangement of the pump cranks is nearly the best possible and produces a nearly uniform discharge of water. Sjnir Gear The gear and p nion aie such that the main shaft of the engine revolves 72 times while the i>ump shaft revolves 17 times This ratio is as great as is practicable, dear with V shaped teeth, with points only on the drivirrg pinion and roots only on the driven gear, would have a much smoother action and at the same time be stronger. 'I he south gear has several consecutive teeth partly broken and in the north gear a segment, which was broken completely out is n-" v held in its jdace by bolts which are continually shaking loose. Crank Pins The taper of the crank pins is too great. Pump Shaft Jiearinyn The pump shaft bearings are very ditlicultof acces.s for the purpose of repairs and setting up. In order to get out the cheek 36 m block on one side of the shaft, it is necessary to lift the main engine fhaft first and afterwanls the pump sliaft. Wedge blocsks slioiild bo on both sides of the shaft. At present the wedge is only on one side. The crank disc also renders it impossible to wholly remove the cap of the bearings when necessary. The condition of these bearings is one of the most important things to be attended to in the whole engine. The smooth action of the gear depends very largely on this. These bearings are in very bad condi- tion now and render the machine liable at any moment to a serious break- down. Pumps The pumj) piston rings have not sufficient bearing surface to prevent wear and consecjucnit .slip of water past the piston. Valves and /'oris The shajje of the valves causes them to cant in their guides, causing undue wear in the latter and also interfering, to some extent, with the pi'Oper seating of the valve. The ports are far too small, being only abiuifc one-third of the area of the piston. The water passages are contracted very materially \>y the valves themselves. These defects cause undue resistance to the motion of the jiiston. Air Pumps — The air pumps in capacity have not sufficient margin. The valves in the plungers are of very ))oor design. The plunger packing is continually getting out of i)lace. More time is lost during the regular run- ning of the engine from this cause tlian from any other, and it also causes increased consumption of coal. The foot valves are very difficult of access for the j)in'pose of making rejjairs. The bearing of the driving shaft of the air pump next the crank is fitted with no means of taking up lost motion. Governor — If the governor belt were to break, the engine would probal^ly be destroyed. There is no safety stop to prevent the results of such au accident. Gauges — Before reading a steam gauge, the column of water condensed in the pipe should be blowii out. The pet cock for this purpose is iu a very inconvenient position. Counter — We found it possible to open the counter on this engine without using a key. ; , . , IVOMS & HUNTER KEKO PUMP. x;iy:; ■ The bearings on both engine and pump shafts on the new feed pump are fitted with no means of taking up lost motion. The only way of doing this is by rebabbitting. ib) THK WOKTHINOTON BNGINKS, HOILEUS, FURNACES, PLANT IN GENERAL. The vacuum of these engines in their present condition is very unreliable. Very severe concussions occui' in the pumps owing to this cause. This also renders necessary a much higher boiler pressure than when the engines were in good condition. It is dangerous to exi)Ose the steam jackets to present high jiressures. The bursting of a steam jacket would be a serious accident. The leakage of air into the contlenser necessitates the continual 37 .•♦,; 3! use of the force injection. We understand that for the past twelve months the force injection of No. 2 enjriiie lias been used ahnost (jontinuously ; also, that No. 1 engine has dependetl for about the same time ])artly upon the force injection for tiie supply of water to the condenser. Th(( i)rincipal cause for the inefficiency of the atmospheric or suction injection is that it takes water from the well and consecjuently has to lift it a height on an average of about I.') feet. When the vacuum on the ccmdenser fails, it is impossible for a sufficient supply of water to rise through this h?ight, and then the force injection must be called into requisition. The quantity of feed water required for the ' lilers per 24 hours per million gallons of water pumped is about 4,"(H) gallons. This quantity was determined by a water metre placed on the feed pii)e of No. 3 boilers when they were furnishing the steam for No 2 engine. The stop valve between bi>ilors Xos. I and 2 was kei)t closed, so that all the steam made by No. 3 boilers went to No. 2 engine. The result of measuring the feed water and the water pumped for one week, viz., from June -Ith to June 11th, was that o,;{00 gallons of feed water were 'equirtd to pump l,i:()(t,tM)0 gallons. Deducting (iOti gallons as a fair allowance for drainage o! steam jacket, leaks, ice, we obtain 4,700 gallons of feed water as the amount reaching the condenser per l,UliO,0(lO gallons of water pumped Assuming No. 1 to require the same amount, we have 37,600 gallons and 18,800 gallons respectively as the quantities of feed water required by both engines when pumping 12,000,000 gallons per day. The quantity of injection water required is on an average 20 tinaes the quantity of feed water. The engines will, therefore, use 752,O0() gallons and 37t),O00 gallons injection water reapectively per day, or a total of 1,128,0(X) gallons. It is impossible to estimate what jtroportion of this immense quantity of injection water is taken from the City mains in the present bad condition of the Worthington engines, but there is no doubt that it is very great. The importance of putting the suction or atmospheric injection in order is very apparent. A very probable cause of the bad vacuum is the suction of air through the steam chest joint on the low pressure cylinder towards the end of the stroke, at which time the pressure is considerably below that of the atmosphere. On the next stroke thip air is sucked into the condenser. Another cause of the bad vacuum may be leakage of steam from one side of the piston to the other. The lagging, or covering of the cylinders ami steam chest, is in very imd condition. The bolts connecting the sections of the upright suction pipes in the well are very much corroded. The foot valve on suction pipe of No. 1 is in bad condition. [! BOILERS, FURNACES AND PLANT. While we were engaged on the work of preparing for the test we had not an opportunity to examine the condition of the boilers and furnaces, as* owing to No. 2 boilers being at that time under repair, it was impossible to let down the fires. Wo found the stop valve in the main steam pipe of No. 3 engine so leaky as to cause the steam gauge on the engine to show con- siderable pressure even when it was shut. The sto[) valves on the steam pipe of Nos. I and 2 boilers am apparently in fair condition. The pit '.! t 38 between the bridge walls in No. 2 boilers is deep, while in Nos. I and 3 boilers it is shallow. It may be iiselul to observe in future what difference this makes in the evaporative capaoitios of thf boilers. Chimney Stack The drawings show the chimney stack to be 122 feet higli and T) feet s(iuure at the smallest crossed section of flue which is at the top. Not having mcasurcMl the draught and grate areas of all the boilers in the present house, we cannot speak exactly as to the capacity of the stack. The i)ri)babilities are that it would prove too small if all the present boilers wore in operation at one time, and certainly it would not be advisable to think of connecling any more boilers with it when making extensions of the pumping plant. (C) RKOLNE UOrSE AND WEtJ,. Well In the well is a c;'.3t-iion tank built up of plates, with planed butt joints bolted together. TiKve are 66 plates in the sides and ends, besides those in the bottom. .\t lea.u 1 1 of the plates are cracked. Three of these cracks leak considerably. The leakage through the other eight is unim- portant, being prevented by the filling of cement and giavel between the tank and masonry of well. The cracking of the plates was caused by the bursting pressure of this concrete. The struts between the opposite side plates of tank have in many cases been badly bent by the immense pres- sure to which they have been subjected. There are two leaks in the masonry of the w»ll above the tank. A joint in the discharge pipe from No. 2 air pump also leaks into the well. There are signs of leakage through the masonry from the pits of the Worthington engines. There is also a leak from engine pits betpeen pipes from No. 1 air pumjt and masonry. There is a deposit of mud at the bottom of the well which is at least eighteen inches deep at the north end. The well is in by no means as clean a condition as is desirable. The flooting and joists covering the well • found in a very decayed condition. (The cracks and leaks in tlie well are shown in Appendix 1., plates, 3, 4 and o.) Engine House Floor. — The wooden floor oi the room containing the Wor- thington engines seems to be in a bad condition. It is probable that the joists supporting it, and the under half of the double flooring, are decayeil. This is due to their being kept in a damp state by the vapor arising from the engine pits and water in the foundation. The stone floor in No 3 engine room is very uneven and unsightly, many of the stone flags being broken. Boiler Rooms — The present method of carting coal into the boiler room for Nos. 1 and 2 engines necessitates cavts being driven around to the front of the building, cutting up the dri/e and rendering the appearance of the place imsightly. The carting of coal also makes it necessary to keep the doors open in the winter time much longer than they ought to be. The walls and windows are very dirty, and the floor is very uneven, having been broken by the carts, it is very difti(!ult to shovel l of only one wcdgeblook, as at present, there should. be one on each side of the bearing, if due examination of the bearing, after the shaft is lifted, shows this to be practicable. Eiu/ine to be run in opposite, direction When new gears are put in, the engine should be made to run in the opposite direction to the present, i.e., to run under instead of over. The effect of this would be to destroy the tendency which exists at present of the j)ump .shaft to rise in its bearings, which causes a jolting action on the cheeks, striking them very heavy blows when the crank is passing the centre. If the engine runs under, the pump shaft will be kept down on its seat, and the side action above mentioned will be changed to a steady pressure instead of a blow. With the new bearing above si i ..'geste(i there will arise no injury on account of the increased pressure on the bottom of the bearing. The eflect of the engine running under is to relieve the upper side of the cross-head guides from pressure during part of the stroke, and to transfer it to ' ^ under side. If the gibs are properly adjusted this will be a benefit rather than otherwise, since it will materially reduce the frictiori on the slides. This remark applies also to the pump cross-head and s'ides. Pump Piaton Kings. — Another ring should be placed on th? pump piston between the present rings, or else the latter should be replaced by others having larger bearing surface. (See Appendix I., plate 6.) There is, no doubi, considerable leakage past the piston, and consequent waste of coal on account of the wear in the present rings. Pump Valves Valves of a new pattern should be prociued. (See Appen- '1 X 1., plate 7.) Air Chambers. — An air chamber should be put on the discharge pipe of each j»ump, and charged by means of a i etcock on the suction pipe. This would relieve the engine to a considerable extent (rom the jar caused by the blows of the teeth of pinion and gear. (See Appendix I., plate 8.) Air Pumps — New plungers should be procured, with different valves from the present. The ordinary plunger, with circular gracings for the valve seat and ports, and a single annular rubber valve, with a curved guard, woulil be substantial, and serve the purpose well. Instead of ordinary packing, we vvou d advise corrugations, i.e., small recesses turned on the plunger for water packing. Governor The governor should bo furnished with a safety stop. (See Appendix I., plates 9 and It).) Counter. — The counter on the engines should be sealed. This applies also to the Wortliington engines. 41 ■om live u-d, kary the Isee ilso REQinsiTKS OK A GOOD PVMPINO RNOINK. It may not be out of place for ua to call attention here to what we consider the requiaitert of a gootl high duty {)Umj)ing en ' is. It should be a com- pound condensing engine, steam jacketed, with wheel. These are the characteristics of the stean; side of the majority of high duty engines that we are acquainted with. The mechanism shouhl be as simple as possible, and the number of working j)arts reduced to a minimum. AH wearing surfaces should be large. .M\ parts ol the machine should be easily access- ible for examination and repairs. There should be no doubt about tlie solidity of the frame and foundation. The pumps should be furni8h?d with va.- 1 openings equal to or greatei in area than the area of the pistcn. The valves should be many in number and of low lift, in order to redi ce slip to a minimum. The motion of the piston should be comparatively slow. The engine should be placed so that its suction or atmospheric injection may have a low lift and a short pipe, in order always to give an ample sujjply of injection water to the condenser. The air pumps should be ample. THE W')RTHINUT0N ENGINES. All the points discussed above in reference to the Worthington engines should receive immediate attention. The great difficulty in the way of doing so is that if one of the Worthington engines is taken apart the City is left at the mercy of an unreliable engine. It might perhaps bo better to defe- the repairs of the Worthington engines until the suggested altera- tions in No. 3 have been completed. No time should be lost, therefore, in carrying these out. In order to make the suction injectic reliable, and so do away with the present waste caused by the continuous use of the force injection, the former should take water from the lake level and not from the well. In the Annual Reports of the Sujierintendent, a nominal allowance for three per cent, for slip of pumpt* is made hi ihe monthly duty calculations. As the actual slip is utterly unknown, we recommend that in future Annual Reports no such allowance be made. It is simply guess-work. BOILKRS AND FURNACES, ETC. Now that there is a spare set of boilers, a regular system of cleaning should be adopted. The intervals between washing out dei)end both on the nature of the feed water and the peculiarities of the boiler. The Engineor-in- charge should decide as to the proper intervals at which washing out should take place, and see that it is done regularly. The tubes should be cleaned at least twice a week, and in such order as not to let down the steam pressure. WE LI,. We do not see that there is any urgent necessity for making any immediate alterations in the well. The breaks in the tank must have taken place very shortly after the tank was put in, and the money spent on this work has been literally thrown into the well. As to the effect of the leaks on 42 tlie nature of the water, wi\ beliove that the City Council have tho reports of Dr. Ellis und Profossor Wright, who made their examination this sum- mer. These reports should govern, to a great extent, the action to bo taken in this matter. When a new engine house and well shall have been built, it will be an easy matter to fill up the reservoir and then begin putting in a new tank, which should b« high enough to reach above the highest lake level. The top of the present tank is two feet below zero datum, and this summer the lake level was at least five feet above the top of the tank. The new engine working constantly, together with a full reservoir at the start, would aflbrd sufiicicnt time to make a good job in putting in a new tank provided full i)reparations had been made. In this connection it may be advisable to suggest that the now well be connected with the present one. This would give a higher well level to pump from. No cement backing should be used between the tank and the masonry. The tank, if properly tied, is sufilcienly strong and should be made water tight in itself, and not depend on any cement, or anything outside of it, to render it reliable in that respect. The present accumulation of mud in the well should be removed. The well seems to act as a miniature settling basin ; but it may be that there is so much mud in it now that an undue ciuaniity may be carried up the suction pipes, especially that of No. I engine, where the accumulation is the greatest. (lATE ON CON I) (IT. There should be a proper gate, or stop-valve, placed in position at the end of the wharf, on the conduit leading into the well. FI-OOR OF KNfJINE ROOMS. The floor in both engine rooms should be removed and repla' ad by a floor of two inch oak plank, .ongued and grooved, with seams laid with white lead. This should rest on I'oUed iron girders. Tiup doors should be made wherever necessary, and there should be no coni ned air spaces under the floor. All empty spaces under the floor should be properly ventilated. FLOCK OF BOILKR ROOMS. The floor in the boiler rooms should consist of stone flags solidly and evenly laid. TRAMWAY. A tramway should be laid from the coal house through the passTige back of No. 3 boilers, into Nos. I and 2 boiler room. The rails should be of pattern shown on Appendix I., Plate II, so as to interfere as little as possible with the shovelling of coal, and at the same time be easily kep;^ free from coal. A similar tramway should switch oft" to No. -^ boiler room. DUMP OARS. About a dozen ;ide-dujnping cars, holding a ton each, should be procured for the purpose of delivering the coal, instead of the present carting system. This would enable the front doors of No-". 1 and 2 boiler room to be kept clo8era or closet for tools There should also be a repair shop, furnislKMl with a portable forge, vises and hand tools, for the purpose of making small repairs. The carpenter shop should be connected with this under the same roof. PliOPOKEB SYHFEM. We now come to what we consider the most important matter connected with this Report, namely, the substitution of an entirely new system of carrying en the work. Fn devising the proi^sed system, we endeavored to combine efficiency, cheapness and practicability under existing circum- stances, with what success remains to be seen. 'J'he general principle adopted was to endeavor to make tiie work check itself, and to place upon every employee his proper share of resi)onsibility. so that when faults occurred they could be traced without difficulty to their source, and no blame be cast upon innocent persons. There will no doubt be some trouble at first in getting men, accustomed for so long a time to no system, to work into that proposed, but that difficulty will not last long. To carry out the new system the chief engineer must have a clerk, as there will be a great addition to the clerical work to be done by him fhis is the only addition to the present staff which we propose. The work of the pumping station will be divided into three watches, as at present, viz., from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. 4 p.m. to 1 1 p.m., and from 1 1 p.m. to 8 a.m. The same number of men will be employed on each watch as at present. We shall explain our pro- posed changes under three heads, viz., PlREMA-V. Each boiler room is to be furnished with barrows, the boxes of which are to have four sides instead of three. The boxes of all the barrows must be of exactly the same size. When firing, t'.ie fireman is to fill the barrow full, striking off the top with a straight edge, and then dump the load before the boiler. The boilers are to be numbered. The fireman then makes a tally on a form provided for his watch opposite the number of the boiler at 44 *': U -J'^Ji which tho loud is dmniMMl. (Sco ApperKlix II., for n B.) Tlio iivorage woiglit of a liarrow load is to bo testod i)y oxponmont from tmic to tiiuo, whenever tho fJliief Enginoor oonsiders it jiocosHarj'. Tho host way of doing mo would prohaliiy bo to put on obsorveis to count tho total nuinhor of harrow loads used in one of tho boiler roomfl por 24 hour«. The weigh tnastor will koep a 8ei)arate account of the coal put into each hoilor room per 24 hours, and givo a statoineiit ot tho amounts . spirit of emulation in exact measuring, and if any man wilfully cheats, or fails through grudges against the others, or laziness, it will bo to the interest of the others to discover him. Any failure in measuring can thus be left to l)e dealt with by the men them- selves. Tho difference between the total measurement and the total weight per weigh master's certificate is to be divided by the Chief Engineer among tlie watches [proportionately to the respective (juantities measureil. Economy in Firing — The proper method of comparing the men on one watch with those on another, in respect of economy in firing, is not by determining the amount of work done per ton of coal. This depends upon the engine and the engineer as well as the firemen, and it is quite possible that the firemen on one watch may be using coal more economically than those on another, although less work may be done per ton of coal by the engines. Evaporation per pound of Coal to be Determined. — The only true way of comparing the men on different watches in respect of economy is by com- paring the amount of steam made by them per pound of coal. What is done with the steam afterwards is of no importance to the firemen. It is the Assistant Engineer's business to make proper use of the steam. It will thus be necessary for the firemen oi. ach watch to record tho amount of . steam made during their watch. For this purpose a meter must be put on the feed pipe of each set of i)oilers and readings taken by the firemen on the watch at both beginning and end of the watch. These readings will be entered on the fireman's form. The steam pressures on the boilers will also be entered by the firemen on the form. At the end of the watch the form, signed and dated, is slipped into the letter box in the Chief Engineer's office. The watch from 1 1 p.m. to 8 a.m. must receive instructions to leave a clear space for the new "oal to be delivered in the morning, in order that 46 *>. it may not be inixod with tho unused ooal from the night before ; and the next watch must use up all tho coal loft from the previous watch, and enter it soparatoly iti thoir rocord before beginning on the new. This is necessary in order to enable tho daily check to be made on the moasiire- ment. It will be impossible to check the coal delivered on Saturday for Saturday and Sunday separately. The check must be applied to the total amount for tho two days. Bonuses for Economy in Firing \ system of bontises should also be adopted, based upon the economy of the watches in thoir use of the ooal. Instead of adopting some standard and bonusing the men if they do better than the standard, it would be much preferable to bonus the men each week, provided they made a certain percentage of improvement upon the previ- ous week. Three per cent, would probably be a good per centage to start with ; and as tho men improved this would have to be reduced in order to still keep up tho induc(Mnent, so that in course of time the same reward would be given for an improvement of one per cent, or less on the previous week's record, as was given at the start for one of three per C9nt. The Chief Engineer will have a pioi)er form for entei ing these records. (See Appendix TI., Form F.) (Jf course all tho firemen on the same watch in the same boiler room get equal credit. No distinction can be made between the men on the same watch. A separate weekly record will be kept for each man, however, and on this record he will bo judged. Th- same men are not always together on the same watches. We feel that this is the only proper method to get good work out of the men. It will give them an interest in their work, and the faults of the engine will not be saddled on the fireman. It is not intended, however, to relieve the Assistant Engineer on watch of his responsibility in the boiler room. He must still see that the firemen do thoir duties properly, and be responsible to the Chief Engineer for all the work carried on in his watch. This system will relieve him, however, it is believed, of a great deal of trouble in the boiler room. Weighing Ashes. — From time to time an experiment of 24 hours duration in weighing the ashes, and thus determining the per centage of combustible in tho coal, should be carried out. A stipulation should bo made in the coal contract, that deductions be made from the contract price whenevey the proportion of ash rises beyond a certain amount. Alternative Methods of Determining the Quantity of Coal. — Instead ot measuring the coal in barrows it might be weighed on scales on tho boiler room floor. However, this would involve the employment of an additional hand in each boiler room for each watch to weigh the coal, as the wheeling of all coal to the scales r-ould make far too much work for the present number of men. Having the coal weighed into trucks by the weigh master for each watch by the weigh master is another method ; but, unless the weighing were done on Sundays as well as on week days, this system would work only for five days in the week, as Saturday's md Sunday's coal would be mixed unless 46 anenormoim niiml)«rof triickM w«re jiinployed, with tho iiecenmiry nwiU-hes and aiip is to be slipped into the Chief Engineer's letter box. The Assistant Engineer will be responsible to the Chief Engineer for the )uan- agement of the whole work in the engine house during his wat(;h. Separate Lockers for Oil at d Waste Each Assistant Engineer will have a separate locker, which will b>, kept supplied with all the necessary oils and waste, I o which he alone will have access. An account will be kept with him of the quantities supplied. At the end of each month the quantities on hand will be measured and the quantities used by him entered on a form to lair book should bo diviiJed into seven parts, viz., one part each for the three engines and the three sety of boilers, and the seventh part for all other repairs. 'I'ho total repairs in eaoh part are to be summed up monthly. Chief Engineer » Boiler Room Record. — Form C The Chief Engineer will keep a record oi' the times of cleaniiiii| boilers. This record will also show what boilers are not ia use day by day, although in good order, and what boilers are disabled. Chief Engineer's Annual Report Form K From the above forms the information is collected which is given in the Chief Engineer's Annual Report, Form Iv. The Chief Engineer will also keep a diary containing any necessary information not provided for in the above forms. He should be provided with a letter book and a copying press. CONCLUSION. From our observations of the present method of carrying on the work W3 feel assured that the system above proposed is perfectly practicable. As before mentioned, the on'y addition to the staff, which will be required, is a clerk to the Chief Engmeer. This clerk could act as timekeeper for time of men engaged in repairs. He could also keep a list of all tools and see that they were returned to their proper places, measure out oil to the engineers, and render himself generally useful. What we propose is simply a system of book-keepmg adapted to the requirements of the pumping station and based on correct principles. If adopted, it will render it almost an impossibility for anything to go wrong without receiving almost an im- mediate check The Cliief Engineer, on referring to his books, will be enabled to see at a glance the daily condition of everything for which he is responsible. He will be able to trace, day by day, improvement or depre- ciaiion in the plant, and will be able to furnish exact information on a moment's notice to his superior officer. As things are conducted at present it Is almost impossi'ole to get reliable information on any subject coimected with the rvorks. If there is to be any improvement on the present con- dition of affairs, some system embodying the principles which we have endeavored to formulate must be adopted. Respectfully submitted. (Signed) J. GALBRAITH. EDWIN JONES. 49 APPENHIX I. Plate 1— Indicator diagrams from No. 3 engine taken July 16th, 1887. Plate 2 — Valve diagrams from pumps of No- 3 engine. Indicator diagrams from pumps of No. 3 engine and from pumps of Worthington engine. Plate 3, 4, 5 — Well and tank, shomng cracks and leaks. Plate 6 — Present and proposed piston rings in pump of No. 3 engine. Plate 7 — Proposed pump valves for No. 3 engine. Plate 8 — Proposed air chamber to be placed on discharge pipe of each pump of No. 3 engine. Plate 9 and 10— Proposed safety stop for governor of No. 3 engine. Plate 11 — Cross section of portion of tramway in boiler rooms. NoTB. — As none of the above drawings are intended for working drawings, no dimensions or scales are given. l!ipiJP,|i»IPi?Wi 60 PL^TE 1 ■i li /a/ DJ CAT OR D/AGRAMS frorrv £ng/n€ No. S juzv/sm Cylinders SE'diatru y ^8" ^troktj jSp-rznq 7T Soicth/ JEn^ii^ e^ ^orsePofver£/6. AVkJ-. ^9:^4 pi JforseFomr 27^ ri 51 PLATE 2^ I^TJORJMS Shewinf ^/fCTlOJr VALVES o/NaS PUMPS INDICATO,^ DiA&RAMS FROM PUMPS OF No.5 8c NoJ \ I Closed ie^ptstuClote It H "^^J V' "ull open/ le^aim ta optini fuUoptvo b" « itjflKStO clfff ciojtcL . , y Wortkiufftoit/ Hemp " "^ /3 strvlMs ptr wunutts s?uws had neiiPM- Cuf Sut-tiorv sid^a. - 52 t \ 1 ^ ^ y s<^ f h II 1 ^ ":' ^ : "^ I __^ 1 ) k t- f k t ( • 53 64 V. Km 11 I 'A' I 'i I I •—a. ^ ^ ^.^ ^ 1 1 •^ ||3fe5&- t.lJ.l,li^holljwspii*.die- which tuitcutts the. act cffMcehiifiis'm' a^dvrc PM'fne.A-ori.iicnta.1 VThicf E wlUcfi ca.rrta the aryrv ofiht, rolLcix4.tiiefe is tcho a-tertion, spnnif H'hic'huidsifi' ^- — ^, — . i fore.tn.a th^rtilUt' /^ rj^to—J PZATE JO 69 S.4Fi:n'' Stop for PL a^Tp Belt /_ 3> £ a L/n.! •* - * ■ - « 60 15 61 A 1' I' END IX II. Forma for proposod nyHtom of carryin;; .in tlio work in tho Enpine House: Form A — Weigh Master's Certificate. Form n — Boilor l.'oom record (Fireman). Form C— Monthly Koiler Room record (Chiof Engineer). Form D— Engine Room record. Fonn E — Accidents and Repairs. Form F — Wo(!kly recoid of Fireman. Form G—Monthly Duty record of Assistant Engineer, Form n — Monthly Oil record of Assistant Engineer. Form I — Chief Engineer's monthly record. Form .T_Chief Engineei-'s monthly Oil record. Form K—Crhree sheets) Chief Engineer's Annual Report. Forms A, H and D are to be daily pasted in a book filled with brown paper leaves, designated in the Report as the File Book. The File Book and Fonns C, E iukI H, together with tho Diary, furnish the material from which the information in the remaining forms is compiled. The greater part of this work is to be done i,y ^he Chief Engineer's clerk. 62 Form A. Boilors No. 1 . a II •> " :5. Date. WFJrrHMA.STp:K'8 CERTIFrCATE. Coal (lelivoi-fil. lbs. " »( , " it Weif/hrnanter. DIFFKUENCF BKT\VI:f:N MKASUKEMKNT and WKlGltT Boilers. Weights as per above Certificate. Weights as per measurement .... Difference Ibs.i. 1 " I. lbs.:. lbs COUKH0TION.S TO BE APPLIEO TO JlBA.SUliEMENTS IN EACH WATCH. Watch iVoni S a.m to 4 p.m ■ lbs. " 4 2».ni. to 1 i i>.m ' " ; " II p.m. to S a.m. ^ " ! Totals . « lbs.' lbs. REMARKS. 63 Form B. Firemen, Dai:. BOILER ROOM RECORD. ; „; j •, . Watcli from to. m u "o W o i steam Pressure. Feed Water Meter. o d "5 1 1 Hour Plour Hour No. Reading. i 1 i i c. ft. 1 lbs 1 1 1 ! 1 1 . No. 1 Reading. 1 ■■"! 1 1 i 1 I i i i, i 1 'i ■" i c. ft. \ i •••••• . t 1 1 lbs. Total . . lbs. Average weight of barrow load Average pressure at times of observation. Total weight of coal lbs. Weigh Master's correction Correct total weight Total weight of steam I'ounds of steam {km' pound of <;oal Percentage of error in measurement Bonus for measurement Fine for measurement Average pressure for whole watch. Weather. UEMAKKS. 14 1" t 64 For Month of. CHIEF ENGINEER'S MONTHLY BoILEIi ROOM RKCOHD. < signifies cleanedtubes , w o " washed out. " boiler not in use for whole day, but in good order. oj, ol signifies boiler not in use for one watch, or two wntcht-s r signifies boiler not in use for whole dav on account of repairs r\, rj signifies boiler not in use for one watch, or two watches a Set No. I. 1 1 ' '"r" Set No. 2. Set No. 3. O >> CS p ] 1 ., 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 t 2 1 3 4 1 5 .; 1 i 2 ,..'"'! 1 3 r i 4 5 j 6 • • • • • • ■ 1 i 7 • • • •• ■ 8 9 ***** • 1 •••••• , 10 1 1 11 ! *•••■■ t 12 ....... 13 f • ••• « 14 '"*** • 15 • • • • ■ • • 16 17 ' •«•• . _' 18 •••••• •••**• • 19 ::::; i •••••• ■ 20 I ••• . 21 • ••• ■ 22 •■■••• , 23 1 24 ■ ....• . 25 1 26 1 • • •• • * 1 "' 27 ".".'."'1 ' • • ••• • 28 1 • • ••• ( • •• • . • • • • • t 29 • •••• , i • • ••■ ■ 30 . • • ••* . 31 . ••■.•, . • ••••« • !• _.. 1 !■ ^ ■ " .^.. _--._^,-.. ............ .:!: J. 65 03 <0 ® a T3 V es rfu Fk o PS O, 03 o 66 Form /;, Description, iiioliKJing probable or known cause. Action taken. Hours lost. Cost of repairs, including time of employees, cost of material bought by the Department, and outside account. Remarks. ■ Dale. ACCIDENTS AND KEPAIRS. ' Form F. <'.7 WEEKLY EECORD OF FIREMAN. Name . lor week ending. Day of Week Boilers. Set No. Duty, Steam per ft of Coal. ! i Vfeasurement. Per cent, of Erroi'. R 4 5 6 7 8 9 ' ' ! 10 11 12 13 . .... .' !.... . , . .i 14 ::::::::;:::::::::::::::....::::::::::::::; 15 i 16 17 I ! 18 1 ■ 1 19 i 20 1 21 22 1 , 23 1 ■ ■ 1 24 1 25 26 27 i 1 ! 28 29 30 1 i 31 1 ! 1 i 1 ! Totals and \vei'- j 1 1 t ages. * '" - , . !' _L-. Average Dutiet of Boilers and Bnginea. Boilerfi. Engines. Hours Running. 1 lbs. of steam per lb. of coal. 1. 2 " "' '•i'- I :::; *- ^ fl I m o w a g.s " I" ^unoraY ^ •8DI4,[ junoiuy ■pwai -Jloi(|a •^unouiy junouiy « •aouj inu.inoj[' ^iniouiy •aouj eipuidg •^uuouiy '^ •aoijjj aepuijAO 5 d |^0 »] 1.3 a s H o Cd O O o Q Id Amount. 1 Quantity — Price. i ; Description. Amount. Quantity — Price. — Description. 3 £2 o tl II ■esnoH 8aj<£ eSejeAV V &. a 3 Ph « « « St -8 3 pq I to. «) II « . -; C * o s o C •-5 »*> '^ "^ ■< I a. ® U Si ^ I 4/ XI a o « 74 i k ^ o w ?5 h-l o C CO 3 t» A ,_,.._^^ <1( i) B 'to a ei M 1 o PQ « s "So c 00 "5 4) o 6 £5 o o o o o M «■! O 03 OS o, 5 ^ B 3 £ 2$ § = w.s lira ler air ^ag' f^ 3 £ is c I i5 *- t: Hi S 4; K.S 'fi i. 8- I— I 3 JL. P 3 3 Oh 5 ■" o bl".. ■1^ ■c, >-i 'ri^ ^ < ,^ r-: ^-: © } g -s • t 1 "2 ^_, ^ §S3 f*i •;3 a, to • ,!••• •*■• - . . • :;•.,;;•• • ! ' to r/1 u •sn'a ° 55 c AL REPORT. CO w O s^* =" «» 1 6S^ O n 01 P4 Jill u ; 1 •a^-^s ** i J^^" I?; ci . ': ''••I2*»'* ^ ;;.::;;..- 1 — Tj 6 '^ : Cc< % !« ^ p ', •^ ■^ (D 3 s .S t » : .S o ^ CI 1 w '.- O 4 >t >. : : : ^ : : « : 5? Form o S c a 4) o 0)