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Mapa, plataa, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper Ic ft hand comer, left to right and top to bonom, as many frames aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Lea cartea. planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre iWmim A dee taux de rMuction diff Arents. Lor»qu« le document est trop grand pour dtre reprcduit en un seul cliche, il eat film* i partir do I'angie supirieur gauche, de gauche * droite, et de haut »)n baa, en prenant le nombre d'Images n*cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la m*thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 From the Proceedings of toe Botal Society /^£-S29 ■3^7<^ — j-f AM. ADDITIONAL REPORT ON ERECT TREES CON- T:AIRING animal remains in the COAL FORMATION OF NOVA SCOTIA. BT Sir J. WILLIAM DAWSON, F.R.S. From thi' Pi{Oi:i,'Dixtis uf tiik Huval SdCiKiv, Vol. ')9.] "Additional Report on Erect Trees containing: Animal Remains in the Coal Formation of N.^va Scotia." By Sir J. William Dawson, F.R.S. Received March 19, 1896. In April, 1892, I communicated to this Society a report supple- mentary to ray paper of 1882 on tlio above subject.* This Avas published in the * Proceedings ' of the Society, Vol. 52. In this report reference was made to the work done by Dr. Scudder, of Cambridge, U.S., on the Myriapods and Ai-achnids of the reptiliferous trees. Dr. Scudder's results have now been published with two illustrative plates in the ' Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada,' Vol. 2, Part I, 1895. In this paper Dr. Seudder describes three additional Myriapods and three Scorpions, making in all eight species of Millipedes and three of Scorpions which the erect trees of the South Joggins have added to the fauna of the Carbonifei'ous Period. In the spring of 18!)3 I was informed by :Mr. P. W. McNaughton of the South Juggins, Avho had kindly undertaken to examine the cliff for me, that he had observed in two distinct beds considerably below that which had afforded the twenty-four erect trunks taken out of the cliff and reef at Coal-mine Point and reported on in 1882, erect stumps which he believed to contain animal remains. As I was at the time incapacitated for field work by the effects of a serious illness, 1 nuide arrangements, with the aid of Mr. McNaughton, to have the two trees in sight removed from the cliff and boxed up in as large pieces as possible and forwarded to me in Montreal. * ' Phil. Trans.; Part II, 1882, p. 621. 3(13 Sir J. W. DawHon. AthUtlonal Report on Erect [Mar. 11), The matcriiil thus obtaiiu-d hiis piovc.i rinh in Rairachian roniaiiis, but less favourably pri'served for extraction and study than in somt of the previous specimens ; and though T published a pi-eliminary note on the material in the ' Canadian Record of Science ' in 1804, I was desirous to revisit the coast and to study the mode of occurrence of the trunks in these new beds as well as to ascertain if additional material could be obtained from them before reporting to this Society. This 1 was enabled to do in the summer of 1805, when I succeeded in obtaining from the reef extending seawards from one of the beds, the bases of two additional stumps, the upper parts of which had, how- ever, been removed by the waves. One of the trees discovered by Mr. McNanghton was in Group 4, Section XIII, and upper part of Coal-group 26 of the section in iriy " Acadian Geology." It was, therefore, about 190 ft. below the bed at Coal-mine Point in which the original reptiliferous trees were rooted. The lower part of the trunk was filled to the height of 18 in. with black and grey coaiy and arenaceous matter of laminated structure, and containing the animal remains, which were of dark colour and much injured by the percolation of ferruginous water. Above this, to the height of about 7 ft., the trunk was filled with sandstone. It was 22 in. in diameter at the base. This tree had been rooted in a grey shale or underclay 5 ft. thick, and the stem was enclosed in a sandstone about 7 fc. in thickness. The top of the trunk is cut oft" by a shaly underclay, on which were seen a few ob- scure footprints of small reptiles, and on this rest coaly layers and clay partings, of Coal-group 20, 2 ft. 4 in. thick, and roofed by a tough, bituminous shale with shells of Naiadites, Cyprids, and fish scales. The remains of the two additional stumps found in the reef were similar to that in the cliff, but only the basal part ot their pro- ductive material remained. So far as yet studied, the bones in these three stumps belong to species already known, as follows : — Hylonomus Lyclli, f scattered bones of several individuals, and one H. latidens, I nearly complete skeleton. Hylerpeton longidentatuvi, three individuals. H. Dawsoni, two individuals. Dendrcrpcton Acadiaiium, three iudividuals. D. Oweni, one individual. Fritschia curtidentata, one individual. There are also considerable portions of cuticle with horny scales and oi-namental appendages, apparently belonging to Hylerpeton and Dendrerpeton. and also specimens of their ventral a,rmour, and a few remains of Millipedes. The other tree, taken cut by Mr. MoNaughton, was rather more than 204 ft. vertically below the preceding, and, in round numbers, 400 ft. below the original bed at Coal-mine Point. It was in Divj. 189<».] TvecK in Coal Fornid/ion of Nora Scotia. MA sion 4, Section XII, of the general .section, and in the upper part of Coal-group No. 21. It presented several interesting peculiarities. It was about 2 ft. in diameter, near the base, and stood 8 ft. high. As much as 5 ft. .)f its lower portion v.-as filled with a very irregular mixture of hard arenaceous and carbonaceous matter and vege- table fragments, evidently drifted in by rain-water, while there were also layers and patches of brownish coprolitic matC;er, largely composed of calcium phosphate, and showing under the microscope innumerable fragments of chitinous matter, probably remains of Millipede,'*, with numbers of .small bones and bony fi-agments. The great thickness of productive material and the abundance of copro- lite indicated that the tree had long remained open, and that some at least of the animals contained in it had subsisted for some time on the bodies of smaller JJatrachians and Millipedes which had fallen into their prison. One specimen of Dendrerpeton, found near the top of the mas.s, is the largest yet known, its head being 5 in. in lei.gth. The long duration of this tree is, perhaps, accounted for by the unusual thickne.ss of its outer bark. It stood upon a thin, coaly layer resting on an underclay, passing downward into a gray shale, 8 ft. in thick- ness. The lower part of the trunk was enclosed in alternations of argillaceous shale and flaggy sandstone to the height of about 5 ft., and above this it penetrated for ii ft. into a thick, compact sandstone, containing a few drifted trunks of trees. It would seem, therefore, either that the current conveying the sand had cleared away 3 ft. of soft deposits surrounding the hollow trunk, or that the animals had found access to the interior by a crevice or hole in the bark of a tree standing 3 ft. above the surface on which they walked. I may remark here that the beds enclosing erect trees are often very irregular, as if deposited by local inundations, and that the thick beds of reddish, mottled, and greyish sandstones which at the Joggins separate the coal-groups, appear to be of similar origin. The great bivalve shell, Asthenodonta Wcstoid, of Whiteaves,* is found in one of these beds alonf^ with drift trees; and as it must have been a freshwater species, it v/as probably swept from some inland lake or pond by a land flood. This would seem to indicate excessive rains as occurring at intervals in the deposition of the coal-bearing rocks, more especially in the Cumberland coal-field, and this may have been connected with the number of erect trees, and the manner of their burial. The tree just referred to must have entrapped at least twenty Batrachians, as well as many Millipedes and land snails, embracing most of the species hitherto found in these depositories, and two addi- tional species, which I have named H7jlerpeton inter meduim and Plati/- stegos loricatum. Their description is as follows :— * • Rov. Soe. oi: Canada, Trans.,' 1893. h 2 305 Sir J. W. Dawson. Additional Re/iort on Krect [Mar. 19, Hylprpeton intermedium , s. n. This species is known as yet only by t-lio mandibles and portions of the sknll, which are rather shorter than tlio.se of adult individuals of H. hmgidentatum, a few scattered bones and portions of the scaly skiu and ventral armature. Tlie extremity of the mandible and the cranial bones have the same slightly waved surface as in the other species. Mc.ndibles .'} cm. long, and the teeth, which are about fifteen in each ramus of the lower jaw, are simple, with hi,rge pulp cavities : those of the maxillary bone slightly euhirging upwards, ami intermediate in form between the long slender teeth of II. lomji- dentatnm and the thick obtuse teeth of IL Dawmni. The ventral surface was armed with thoracic plates and long oat-shaped scales closely placed in chevron. The upper parts were (^ovei-ed with a shining skin, in places ornamented with scales or rows of vandyked processes, as in the other species of the genus. The limbs seem to have been well developed. Qenus Platysfegos, Dawson. Head Isroad and short ; orbits very large ; cranial bones deeply sculptured; teeth strongly plicated and curved, with sharp edges at apices, especially the inner palatal teeth, which are vei-y large; many minute teeth on the vomerine bones; vertebra- ossified, biconcave; limb bones imperfectly ossified, short ; lower surface protected with a thoracic plate and thick, densely imbricated oval or quadrate bony scales in transverse, chevron-wise i-ows ; body above with thin, rounded scales, concentrically marked. l'lalllxteijOf< loiiciituiii, s. ii Characters as above. Head about 8 cm. long; when flattened, 9 cm. broad across parietal foramen ; squamosal or supratemporal bones projecting backward much behind the condyles; parietal foramen small; m-bits large; length of longest tooth seen 7 mm.; cranial bones closely and deeply pitted; humerus with very thin bony '.vails, cartilaginous within, 3-5 cm. long. This animal seems, in its teeth and the form and sculpture of the skull, to have been intermediate between Dendrerpeton and liapbetes. The bones of the best specimen are unfortunately dispersed in a very hard matrix. These new discoveries have not added much to our list of S])ecies; and they show that no material change of land fauna occurred during the deposition of 4()U ft. of beds. T hope in the course of this year to work out. photograph, and prepnvpfor publication the principal portions of the new species, and also some new points relating to HAH IHOC).] Treen in Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. SHfJ spocios previously kiKiwn, more oupeoially tlif ornatf ponuutiis oover- m^H of tlieir upper piirt.s and tl.eii- abdominal bony armour, of which .some instructive specimens have been j)reservcd in these trees. I may add tliat Mr. Devine, a miner who has devoted .some time to collecting on the coast, has ob.servcd footprints of Batrachians, of various foi-ms and sizes, in juany of the beds between McCairn's Cove and the abandoned Cumberhind Mine, a thickness of about 2,500 ft., inchiding the wliole of the productive coal-formation. A large col- lection of the.se now exists in the Peter Redpath Mu.soum, awaiting further study and description. While at the South Joggins last saramer, T had two erect trees taken out in other parts of i;ho section, but they proved unpro- ductive. HAttKISON ANJJSONS, PEir'TERS IN OUUIXAEYTO IIEK MAJESTY ST. MARTIN 8 LANF,