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Educational >Series
Q
i^^H^^gl^
^4^
BOOK V,
Go
^. (f^nqe * Co.'e (Ebucntiou«l 3erice.
THE
CANADIA]^^ READERS
BOOK V.
Authorized for u«e in the Schools of Quebec.
Authorized for use in the Schools of Manitoha.
Authorized for use in the Schools of British Columbia.
Anthorizedfor use in the Schools of North-west Territories
,. -^t in the Office of tlio Minister
E.,te«<., accord,., « AC. o. P»*— ^.'^W. .. O.o. U Co..
of Agriculture, m the year oi ou
Toronto.
doim
PREFACE.
In preparing the Fifth Book the rhipf o? x. ^.
pupils an acquaintance with wlia is mo, t ? '' ^'"" *^ ^'^«
important in connection with th! ?. interesting and most
past is seen in a serTes of ^me of tL" f 'r' '"' ^'''''''- T'^
and in sketches of the i^Hf 1 f« J kI"^ '^'"*^ ^' history,
condition of the 'earth andiK . 7 "''^'' "''"' ^ho present
description and by " ctuTes n t^^ ^ " ''''''' ^^^«"' ^^^^ '>y
by the three lessons based or ivr.""^^ *"'"^«« °^ travel,
World, and by thrustrrcLe^^w*^"'"''^'" ^^^^^^^ K«»"d the
^ deciding t,I Physfcir ratfoS-: ^T' " ^^ ^^ --
andl^x:drt:i:fortot ^'rrr «" * '--« -^^^
about them. For thifreLon a n'"" """'' "^^^^^ ^^^ <^^^^'^y
the life of human beingsTlt.er'"'"'"!.''^*"'^ ^" **"« ^««J^ >«
it ^as felt that this question to h« f?f ^^'° ^'" •"««"««*' ««
regarded as one of the S ^es wv uf ""^««to«d' must be
at present constituted S'ml/tf'T'^ *^^^' «^^«*y ^
treated in its Physioliica! relaZ, f '"^f "' ^^ ^^«« ^««'^
its effect on the nervorsvstm ."i .7 *''" P^'"* «^ ^^^^^^
human body. '^'*^"'' *°^ ^^^ vital organs of the
poems, printea asproTe\TeL ." Z"^"'' ^ ^""'^'^^ <>'
It is hoped that the telher w^n ? Tu^^''^ '"*^ *^^« ^«1"™«-
Editors have observed t^atthTi *';'' ^""^''^^ "««'"^- The
pupil in reading islo be carried ''^T.^'''^''''^ "' *^« y«""g
the emphasis, of sense-accent L ft?^ I'^^ ""''''' ^"^ *« ^^^ge?
It is believed that thereTrci ^st^t^^ '^^^ or verse-accent
to the sound, the thought toTerrvthmTh"' '" ^''''' *'^«««"««
the emplmsis to the m^re accent an^^^' ?u ''*'^" *^ *^« '^^^^^
and rhyme to take ewe of th«m!l. ^^ ^^ "^"^ ^^^^« *h« ^^^re
can v«ry well dn ' ^^ th^^^selves, as in all English verse thev
VI
PREFACE.
1- «,ritPM and articles relating
selections fro., eminent C-^^^^^^
to Canada, have been ^^^^''^^'^J'^^ has also been inserted. ^
The last oi the articles on Hygiene ^^^^^^ .^^ ^^^^y ^^y^.
ihe Exercises will, it is ^^;P^^;^^^;;^en, that the teacher may
A large variety has ^^«« ^^^^^^fff^^^^^^^^ sections and ages of the
t abfe to adapt the work to ttie diffe^e ^^^^^ ^^^.^ ^.^^^ j
classes, and that the P^P^^Vuac^,'^ etat attention has been paid
nlavover the forms of la^S^^ff'. "^^f ^ords and phrases. The
To working out the exact -^-^^^/Jj^^e in to close the sei-ies
Uin and Oreek Denvat^.s t the^en^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ''r'T^^^.
of Derivations. In the *ou.t composition of the Engusn
a pretty clear general ^/ew of the co^P ^^ ^^^j^ ^nd Greek
L^iage-initsTeutomc Norn^^an-B^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^,, ,
lleSents. Armed -^^^^^^i^:jiZa^ which exist in every
examine the nature of the amei
^rrlinarv English sentence. .lirections for reading the
and to pupils.
CONTENTS.
Muu'dpal Government . .>• t. ^*^^^'
The School System (.f Ontario ' ' ' ' '-"' ^ ''"'^c'sf^incks, ^
T^^dToA^'.'^' • • • '^^on^ the'; Arabian -N^^^r ll
Up with the Dawn ^?'*^ Lf/tton . . , OA
Water Desirovine and Pir'f. R..i*M:'., * ' ^'^omas Elliot . . 94
The White Slfip . "* * "^ Bmlding up .Sir John Herschel . m
"He Never SmVled Again*" Charles Dickens . ;w
The Brave Man . «* " • • • • • Mrs. Hemans . . ;w
Ingratitude. . . * ' * ^ "^»^ 'he German 0/ Bit rr/er, 40
Magna Charta ". . 4«i
The Battle of Morgarten .' .' .50
1 he Sailor's Life , . • • . ^.
The Battle of Otterburn '. JJarrj/ Cornioall . m
Alcohol ... ^ir Walter Scott . 61
The Humble-bee : '. '. '. '. ' ' ' ' i' ^{r^^'J • - - ■ m
The Battles of Cressy and Poitiers' ' ' n" ^^\J^»^erson . . 73
A Bear-hunt . 98
Nature her own Physician Atkinson .... 102
Robert Bruce Victorious . * * ' • ^S^shaio .... 107
An Iceberg , . •*>«'* Walter Scott . 108
Toa Waterfowl .:::;•••• ^C'";« • .... 115
Method and its Advantages . .' * ' " ? V V^fV"'?' • • 117
Virtue ^ ^ S. T. Coleridf/e . . 119
The Origin of Rivers Anonymous . . . 109
ADmnerinanOldMalior-hoHsP * * * P^'"^«^' .... 124
Tropical Scenery . "'^^ " ' • (^^nr/man .... 127
The last Charge of the Pw.nnilof'xx' / 1* ^''^il<>pe. .... 130
Thoroughness in Work i\f^''*'?'''''(^ ^ 1.S
- I'll pgid a Way) oSlake It " '''''"'''' %^S; '^-^^er, M. P. jg
1 he Character of Nelson . . * 'f.'^^f.' 140
The Retreat from Moscow ' • • • Soitthey .... 143
opnng 18 Come 147
The Death of Nelson .' ^i^Ham Allinf/hatn, 150
Trial and Execution of Marie Antoin^^ftA -Sow^Aej, .... 151
Snow and Ice . Antoinette Carlyle ig^
pS^y*^*''H«t'Sprin^aWGev^rs ^^l
Great Cities-- London .. ^^'^^ •••.... 167
^/onsolatioa in Exile . '.''':.,•. 172
• ' • ^'na/cesptare . . , 179
VIU
CONTENTS.
PAOB
"You Will Repent It" DeQuincey . . . 181
Great Cities — Rome 186
Polital Power George Eliot ... 195
Great Cities — Paris 200
A Forest Scene Matthew Arnold . 208
Character of Sir Walter Scott .... Lockhart .... 210
Tlie Spanish Armada J. R. Green . . . 215
The Spanish Armada Lord Macatday . . 222
Great Cities— Berlin 230
A Voyage Round the World. Parti 234
The Skylark Tames Hcgg ... 246
The Castle by the Sea . . Uhland (trandated by Longfellow) 247
The Forests of the Amazons 248
Kilmeny . James Hogg ... 263
The Social Aspects of Temperance 265
The Power of Short Words Rev.J, A. Alexander 261
Rosabelle Sir W. Scott ... 262
A Brave Sailor Dickens .... 265
The Ferry . . Ludioig Uhland . . 269
G'^at Cities — St. Petersburg 270
Ti Suez Canal Sterne 278
Contentment 282
A Voyage Round the World. Part II 286
Night Robert Southey . . 296
The Gentleman Chaucer .... 296
Battle of Waterloo Sir W. Scott ... 296
Incidents of the Battle Creasy 303
A Winter Day in the Arctic Regions . Osborn 312
The Lost Expedition with Franklin . . Hood 317
Great Cities — Vienna 318
One by One 326
The Battle of Hohenlinden 326
Heroism and Discipline 330
The Rabbi and His Children 336
A Voyage Round the World. Part III 340
The Land We Live In T. D. McGee ... 351
Sunset Ruskin 366
" Till the Doctor Comes " Dr. McLaughlin . 356
Canadian Confederation .... Sir John A. Macdonald, 362
American Fugitive Slave-Bill .... Hon.George Broion, 368
Gems from Great Authors 372
Foreign Elements in the English Language 374
•i«^i
THE FIFTH READER
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
Appropria'tiona, portions set
apart for particular purposes
(Lat. ail, and propritis, one's
own).
Aver'sion, a (lislik|,
Contin'gent, happening by
chance ; or dependent on some-
thiiig else.
Essenaial, necessary, very nn
portant.
Exec'utitre, those appointed to
carry out the acts of Parlia-
ment.
Expe'dient, fit, proper, conve-
nient. -^
Mod'ifled, clianged in form.
Muni'cipal, belonging to a public
corporal ion (Lat. TOMnfo, official
duties, and capere, to take,
whence inunicipium, a free
town).
Or'dinance, a decree, law, or
rule.
Pri^or, previous.
Tena'city, the power of holding
fast; obstinacy.
■• The establishment of municipal institutions is
coeval with the union of Upper and^Lower Canll in
1841 Pr or to that event, there was no machinery
whatevei- .„ Lower Canada for eollecting local taxes'^
while m Upper Canada the magistrates in Quartet
k tTcl rT"^""' f P'"'^' °* '^' administration of
du led the .r™' ?'"■' "''"""«''' '""''"S ^hich was in-
eluded the sessional payment to the representatives of
the people, popularly known as "members' wages"
2. The expenditure on the public roads, beyond what
was provided for by statute labor, was ann/ally voS
emr^rrt'^™' ''r^ " ''"' '''"^<' °f commission
mT it 7. "*', ''^ ^'"''' '^^ W^Priations were
ot being recorded, that no efforts
T|rfii*p -s^ fj
10
FIFTH HEADER.
representatives of the people, prior to the union, in
either of the Provinces, to procure the establishment of
municipal institutions. 3. In the report of the Earl of
Durham, who was sent to Canada in 1838, as a High
Commissioner, to inquire into the political institutions
of the two Provinces, and to suggest remedies for the
existing dissatisfaction, the establishment of municipal
institutions was strongly recommended ; and when Mr.
Poulett Thompson (afterwards Lord Sydenham) was
appointed Lord Durham's successor, in order to carry
out his Lordship's recommendations that the Provinces
should be united, he advised that proA^ision should be
made in tjhe Act of Union for establishing municipal
institutions. 4. S o strong was the aversion ?X that time
on the part of th 3 people of Lower Canada co local tax-
ation, that whei the Municipal Council clauses were
struck out of the bill for uniting the Provinces which
was sent to England by Governor-General Thompson,
it was deemed essential by that statesman to procure
the enactment by the Special Council of an ordinance
establishing those institutions in Lower Canada. It was,
moreover, deemed expedient, in order to insure the
practical working of the system, that the various exec-
utive officers, such as the Warden, Treasurer, and Clerk,
should be appointed by the Governor, because it was
apprehended that, if those officers were made elective,
the ordinance would be a dead letter.
5. When the united Parliament met in 1841, the Go\-
ernment was most anxious, not only to extend the mu-
nicipal system to Upper Canada, but also to procure
the assent of an elected House of Assembly to the
system which had been established in Lower Canada
by an ordinance of the Special Council. The difficulties
of the situation were very great, xnc lust BUBsiuii vl
MUNICIPAL GOVEHXMENT. \x
the first Parliament opened with a political crisis, which
had no connection whatever with the question of
municipal institutions, although it had a most important
bearing on the course taken in regard to that measure
by the political parties. 6. Whatever may be the opin-
ion formed as to the details of the municipal ordinance
for Lower Canada, it must be acknowledged that it
would have been difficult for the government which
had procured its enactment to have introduced a more
iberal system in Upper Canada than had been estab-
hshed in the sister Province. The municipal bill for
Upper Canada w?is, therefore, substantially the same as
the Lower Canada ordinance, and it soon became evi-
dent that a formidable opposition would be met with
In both Upper and Lower Canada there were many
niembers who were strongly opposed to the introduction
ot municipal institutions, and yet these members did
not belong to the same political party ; indeed, there
has been no period since 1841 when parties were so
disorganized as during that first session. 7 The Con
servative party, -vhose recognized leader was Sir Allan
Macnab, was opposed altogether to the introduction of
municipal institutions. The Lower Canadians had no
desire to sanction a measure which had been forced on
them by the Special Council, and the consequence of
which would be the introduction of direct taxation,
such as the Upper Canadians had long been subject to.
1 he Upper Canadian Liberals, who followed the lead,
ership of Mr. Baldwin, grounded their opposition on
the provisions made in the bill for the appointment of
municipal officers by the Executive. 8. The members
of the government soon gave notice to the House, that
It the bill were altered in any important Dartic,il«.. it.
would be withdrawn, and this announcement led those
12
PIFTH READER.
members who were strongly convinced of the impor-
tance of establishing municipal government to lend
their ai'd to procure the passage of the bill, believing,
as they avowed, that it was more prudent to trust to
future amendments to the system than to risk the con-
sequences of its rejection. 9. The contest was a severe
one, a most important clause having been carried in
committee of the whole only by the casting vote of the
chairman. The Upper Canada bill, like the ordinance,
provided only for county municipalities, which were
successfully organized during the recess. These were
worked with tolerable success until thte complete remod-
elling of the system, in 1849, by the late Hon. Robert
Baldwin, who framed the one which still exists, modi-
fied to suit the requirements of the people, and which
was characterized many years ago by an impartial
writer as " a monument of labor and wisdom." lo. In
that bill the organization of townships as municipal
bodies was first provided for, and it was characteristic
of Mr. Baldwin that he adhered with great tenacity tc
the designation of " Reeve " for the President of thf
Township Council, although there was a very great
desire, even among his own supporters, to adopt a more
familiar name. Whatever improvements may have
been made in the municipal system in modern times, the
main feature of Mr. Baldwin's act have been adhered
to, and are not likely to be disturbed in the future.
Sir Francis Hincks.
NOTES.
1. Sir Francis Hincks was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1807. After
receiving a good education in the Royal Belfast Institution lie
came to push his fortunes in Canada. His aptitude for finance
brought him under the notice of prominent public men, and led
to his being elected at an early age to Parliament. He was
shortly afterwards made Inspector-General, — as the Mluistcr of
e impor-
to lend
)elieving,
trust to
; the con-
i a severe
arried in
)te of the
rdinance,
lich were
lese were
te reraod-
n. Robert
8ts, modi-
,nd which
impartial
.." 10. In
municipal
racteristic
jnacity to
3nt of thf
ery great
»pt a moro
may have
times, the
n adhered
'uture.
ancis Hincks,
1807. After
stitution lie
I for finance
len, and leil
t. He was
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. jg
Finance Mas then called, -a position lie filled again In 1869-70
or the Dominion. He took an active part in the aguLtion^or
responsible government, and was a far-seeing and earae t nrl
motor o railway projects at a time when few believTin lierT
He filled for some years the governorship of Barbadoe and oi
Bnfsh Gu ana, but retired into private life in 1873
r!„»\T ? n'^S'st'-ates" referred to as paving formerly the
right to levy rates in Ontario were the ordinary justices of thl
peace appointed by the government. The magistrates o' - '
district met, or held a "session " n«..^ ma 'strates of each
«.« county,!., Z ttm Zm, w^;?: te'TX ^^'^i^'lof
s,o»» o the Peace," though at these sitting other ra^iaS
are seldom present as his associates Tl,. " sw ""fS'strates
hole, ^or the trial „, persons crrg^d wuLl rZ ."" """'
3 The sura paid to members of Parliament Is now regarded
of tllT^/" ''"'"*" ™''"""'' ""'"» compensa iondof;
legislature ^n^Z^'- """"'•" ^"""^ "'« "='»i»"' "' *«
4 " tat',,,. , "' °""" '" " '' " ^O'''"""" mJemnlty."
4. ,^tatute labor" ,s prescribed in Ontario bv act of P«r
'^ rn;^ -— rot ti:: p- H£
If he is not assessed for nronerfv if i.« • Jngnway,
of the " Snecial Cmu^oU »» « '^'^7 ^" ^''^^- The members
half Of tKingF«nchrn?haTfT'1 ^ "'^„ S°-"--'.
flrst ordinances decreed .1,, "*'"''• O™ ">' "">"
Act,inordTtLtTetbesof'?83rmtf, f" """^^ ^"-P"'
dealt with. The CoJ^^' IZZtL^lT.'V^^r'^y
lastea irom 1838 to 1840, "" " * '^ii'»J"u"c,
14
FIFTH READER.
hr'
THE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF ONTAitlO.
Defective, wanting In some
quality or part.
Details', minor parts.
Expe'dienoy, leBirablcncss.
Instrumental'ity, agency.
LeRisla'tive, set apart by act of
Parliament.
Mach'n'ery, the means for carry-
ing on work.
Organiza'tion, apian or arrange
ment for government ; a regu-
larly formed society.
Portfo'lio. a caa« for holding loose
papers , llie oflftce of a minister
of state.
Bemod'el, to fashion anew.
Pal'ary. wages ; literally, money
for salt(l^tin ml, salt).
1. The present adinirable school system of Ontario
rlates back to 1844, the year in which tlie late lie v. Dr.
Ryerson was appointed Chief Superintendent of Edu-
cation for Upi)er Canada. Previous to that time the
Province had a very defective municipal organization,
and no systematic i)rovision whatever for the establish-
ment and maintenance of public schools. 2. From 1844
'to 1848 the Chief Superintendent was employed in ac-
quiring a knowledge of the systems of public instruction
in the United States and England, and in devising one
based upon and adapted to the defective municipal sys-
tem then in force. In 1849 the remodelling of the
latter system afforded an opportunity for improving the
educational machinery, and an act of Parliament mak-
ino- the necessary changes was passed in 1850. In this
act were embodied the principles on which the school
system of Ontario is still based, any changes made
since that time having been rather in the details than
in the general features of the system.
3. The most important modification of all took place
when, on the retirement of Dr. Ryerson, in 1876, from
the position of Chief Superintendent, the auministration
no.
>r HrrHiige
t ; a regu-
Ulinglootte
aiiiinister
,iiew.
Uy, money
alt).
Ontario
Rev. Dr.
of Edu-
time tlie
iiization,
'stablish-
•om 1844
2d in ae-
struction
ising one
3ipal sys-
g of tiio
jving tlie
ent mak-
In this
he school
;e8 made
,ail8 than
3ok place
^76, from
-;_A 4.:
THE SCnooi. SysTEM OF ONTA RlO. 15
of tl,e Department of Education w.« transferred to .
Tr., m'^" ^■''"""™ ^°""<=" of the Province
U'^ first Minister placed in charge of the portfoHo of
Koocauon was the Hon. Adam Croolcs, of wC in hi
farewell circular to the teachers, Dr. U;-erson Ts ".I„
my ret,re„,ent I shall have the satisfaction of knowing
that the honoi-able gentlem.an who succeeds me with h?
rank and title of Minister of Education, is .", m'i^l t
the warmest .eal, and possesses much higher „u 1 fi.^
hons and greater power than I have been able^to co .^
mand, to advaiiee your interests and promote the sound
and universal cflucation of our beloved counli-v "
4. Amongst^the causes which have chiefly co„tribu...d
Onta 10. Its ren,ov.al as far .as pos.,ible from the erflict
of poifcal parties is one of thi „,ost in.port. „t Whih
■nembei-s of all parties have been active i„Tt's,n!.?
and interested in i,« improvement, the e ^ev 'h
be., any organisation banded togeth;r in 1 o., it • .0 i
atK,n l„as been rnJ^ti-J:, "ZT. 1Z
without the people of the Province h>2JZ, i
-lireetly co„.suited, and afforded ."^oZ'f.Tof '"
pres.„gtheiro,a„^^^^^^
stp o'i:d rrrSbTtirvr "- ^-^^
this to the fullest extent ha 1 ' en T 7"""^ ''"'"'
eipalorganimion of the Province Th '"^."'»"'-
mmtoUt" .1.- -- - . '"^'""e- Through its instrii.
" •' """ '^'"'^ "'' »'=hooi purposes are collected.
18
FIFTH READER.
J I
!\ te annujjl legislative grant is fliatributea. By
^aeai - of this ifttt«r grant, an.l in other ways, it has
been t.. adilv impressed upon the peoi)!.' that the school
system is their own, that th(^ chief part of its cost must
be provi«l(>d by themselves, mfl that any assistance
affordec^ them .vill be in direct proportion to what they
In on their own behalf In this way there has been
fostered a spirit and a hu nt of self-reliance which are
quite as valuable as the educational ends more directly
achieved. -
6 As the result of the enlightened management of
a good system the educational progress \)f tlie Provmee
has been extremely rapid. Between 1844 and 1880 the
number of publicschool teachers i"^;^^«^'^y'-«"\2'706 to
6,747, and the sum paid them in salaries from $206,000
to ^1 701,870. The amount paid each year by the Prov-
ince 'to promote education is $250,000, and the total
Bum expended on the schools, $2,822,051. Ail of this
latter amount, except what comes from the Province,
is raised by taxation imposed by the i^coplc v.u them-
selves. , . . p
7 The school law of Ontario makes provision for
other than public schools. The adherents of the Roman
Catholic Church are permitted under certain conditions
to establish separate schools, and those who contribute
to their support are free from public-school taxation
Provision is also made by law for the establishment of
separate schools for the children of the colored popu-
lation, which is quite numerous in certain localities that
became a resort for runaway slaves before the negroes
were emancipated in the United States, 'n.:., lastly,
provision is made by law for the esta ;';;•. «^ sec-
ondary schools, known as "High Schools," in which
.. '' ■■.•-.- _J..„^^/^/l ia/1iir.niinn ill h^nS'llSU*
pupils •'**" oiiT.aili au liuvaiivv-i •.••.•.-.- — <^-
call
Die
THE BAUMLCIDE I- EAST. jj
mathematics science, an ' languages, bo* .Jcnt and
modern. These Il.gh xhocf., over one hundred in
number, orm a conne. u,;; link between the public
schools and the colk-. < and uuivTrsities.
NOTES.
tario^!r;i!-^' ^y;"°"7^'' ^^^ «» t„e county of Norfolk. Ou-
an(^ In 80.J. H.s father fought in the British service dudnc
the Revolut.onary war. and as a U. E. Loyalist l.u to takf
etluci.on as the country then afforded, and after tearhi,,.. I
llSh "br"'"^.^'" '"'"•^^••^«^ "- MetiLisfciu-c, "*^i:
1829 he became editor of the Christian Guardian and i I84n
was chosen the first President of Victoria Sge OoW
Im position he gave up on receivin • oappoin n^mof S
diX'l^t"' ^' ^'"^^"^"- ^^^^^'- ^ '-« -^ use^^Hi^e';::
th^'roWncttrOmZ'^' ''^ '"'• '''"'^^"- °^ ^^"-'-» »-
in 182^ w ' '^''' ^'"'" '" ^'»^ '^^""'y ^f Wentworth
universi y of Toronto, graduatuig with tlie Inchest Imnors ,f
trandtaf' "•' "-^^•>'>y-«- He entere'd the eTaT^r^
^ "c, in jon. Ue lias filled sucrosshelv the offirpo nf
na iTp ■^^'^^'•^^' Treasurer, and Minister of ELatiou for ll
native Province, and all of them alike efficiently '
THE BARMECIDE FEAST.
Ab'solute, complete.
Acquitted himself, conducted
liiniself.
Address', cleverness.
Appre'ciation. power of setting
the true value on.
A profound' rev'erenoe, a deep
bow.
Dessert', dishes of fruit, etc.,
brought in after dinner.
Out'rage. act of violence.
Reciin'iiiic, resting.
custorasof the v.ou^T^"TlZT-'''^'^'''''' '""^ "^^'^s, n.annors. and
bie marvels, such "as are stilTgra;e^'''"S'',t'"/""^' ^^^ """^ '"*"■«**'■
jfraveiy told in Asia Minor, Turkey, and
18
FIFTH READER.
other Mohammedan Countries. This is the story which has Civ«n or 8i"
to the phrase, a BarmecMe feast. Tho Barmecides were de«cendanto of
Barmec a verv able adviser of the Caliph or ruler of all the Mohamme-.
dau h; was also tutor, and afterwards vizier (or prime minister) to the
greaHaroun-alKaschid (about A.I). 800) ^^/ff «°^,^»*« ^^.^'^^
and renowned for their wit and wisdom ; and it is of one of them that
the following story Is told.
1. My sixth brother was called Schacabac, the hare-
lipped, who, by reverse of fortune, was reduced to the
necessity of begging his bread. In this occupation he
acquitted himself with great address, his chief aim being,
throu<Th bribing the officers and domestics, to procure ad-
missio°n into the houses of the great, and, by thus having
access to their persons, to excite their compassion.
2 By this means he one day gained admission to a
magnificent building, in which, luxuriously reclming
on a sofa, in a room richly furnished, he found the
master, a Barmecide, who, in the most obliging manner,
thus addressed him : — , . ^
" Welcome to my house. What dost thou wish, my
friend?" r £c e
Schacabac. " I am in great want. I suffer from
hunger, and have nothing to eat."
3 The Barmecide was much astonished at this answer.
*' What!" he cried. "What! Nothing to eat ! Ami
in the city, and thou in it hungry? It is a thmg I
cannot endure. Thou shalt be happy as heart can wish
Thou must stay and partake of my salt. Whatever 1
have is thine." . ^ •+
Schac. "O my master! I have not patience to wait,
for T am in a state of extreme hunger. I have eaten
nothing this day." , . w u
Barm. " What! is it true that even at this late hour
. _ . 1 ..1 *v,., -Poo* 9 Alna! nQor man. he
thou iiast iioi uruKi:ii i-^j ^"--^^ ' ^ .' , .
.vill die with hunger. HaUo there, boy! bring us
Civen origin
scendanto of
e Mohamme-
Qister) to the
?ere wealthy,
of them that
, the hare-
ced to the
apation he
aim being,
)rocure ad-
tius having
assion.
ission to a
' reclining
found the
ig manner,
II wish, my
suffer from
Am, answer,
eat! Am I
5 a thing I
rt can wish.
Whatever I
nee to wait,
have eaten
his late hour
oor man, ho
^! bring us
THE BAnMEClDE FEAST. jg
4. Although no boy appeared, and my brother ob-
served neither basin nor water, the Barmecide never^
Mieless began to rub his hands, as if some one held the
water for him, and while he was doing rhis he urc!^
iny brother to do the same. Schacabac by this supposed
hat the Barmecide was fond of fun; and, as he liked
a jest himself, he approached and pretended to wash
his hands and afterwards to wipe them with a napk
held by the attencVmt. "<*pKin
eJZl\ "f '^' ^""^ ""' ''"^^^''""S t« «^t, and take
lav th^. ^'^' "'.^'^'^"-- ^'' '^' ^^We here. Xow
ay the dishes on it. Come, my friend, sit down It
he table here. Eat, my friend, and be Lot ashamed •
or thou art hungry, and I know how thou art suS
from the violence of thy hunger " ««neiing
man tho„ seemest to have but a poor a, petite Whit
thinkest thou of this bread'" 1 1 '■^- wnat
JcAac (Amde.) " Verily this is a man that loveth to
jest with othei-s. (To tlu> Barmecide.) O my mrte,
Sth,"Thif'' 'T^ ' ''''' """^ '"»- ^-S %
i™e,u-e iT? " ' "* '"'"'''"• *'^'«- ^^^'<^ didHt thou
Barm " It was made by a female slave of mh,e
whom I purchased for five hundred pieees of ^1
(Calknj; aloud.) Boy! bring to us the She like of
which IS not found among tht viands of kinls Eat O
myguest! for thou art ?;„„„ „v. A^'' *'''*'<'
in absolute want of food ;;-•*••"-"=*"•'""■"'>' »". '•"d
ilill
li
nf, FIFTH READSn.
ScMc. (TwUtinff kU month about «; f !«f ^
heartil!,.) " Verll.v this is a dish worthy the table of
*Xt "taTi'xny friend. Boy! place before «s
the S fattened wi[h almonds. Now tins .s a d.sh
neverTound but at my table, and I wish thee to eat thy
*" ."^^ he said this, the Barmecide pretended to take
a p ece in his hand and put it to my brother s mo« h
XohZhlc held his head forward, opened his mouth,
pretended to lake the piece, and to,.hew and swallow
it with the sreatest delight. ,.,,., x :+„
tL O^my master, verily this dish hath not its
equal in sweetness of flavor."
Earm "Do justice to it, I pray, and eat more ot
it Tht goose, loo, is very fat. Try only a leg and u
wins. Hallo, boy, bring us a fresh supply.
lte."0;no:bynoineans; for m truth, my loVa,
I cannot eat any more."
Barm. " Let the dessert, then, be served, and the f i uit
brmi^ht. Taste these dates ; they arc just gathered and
very good. Here, too, are some fine walnuts, and here
lome delicious raisins. Eat, and be not ashamed.
Tmy brother's jaws were by this time weary of
eh^S nothing. ^"I assure tW sai^e^^I - so
full that I cannot eat another morsel uf this ^beei.
Barm. " Well, then, we will now have he wme. Boy
bringuTthe win; ! Here, my friend, take this cup ; it
wm delight thee. Come, drink my health, and tell me
if thou thinkest the wine good."
But the wine, like the dinner and dessert, did not
aunear However, he pretended to pour some out, and
appeal, now , ^,f_ ^^^^.^.y^ y^^ ^^^^ed out another
drank tiie nrsi, guiDs, ^'.^•-' i
for his guest.
if eating
e table of
before us
is is a dish
; to eat thy
led to take
?r's mouth,
his mouth,
[id swallow
lath not its
jat more of
a leg and a
ith, my loVd,
and the fruit
gathered, and
uts, and here
shamed."
me weary of
he, " I am so
lis cheer."
lewine. Boy,
e this cup ; it
a, and tell mc
3sert, did not
some out, and
jd out another
THE BARMECIDE FEAST. 21
8. My brother took the imaginary glass, and, first
hoMng n up to the light to see ,f it was of a good
onght color, ho p„t it to his nose to examine'the
peilume; then, making a profound reverence to the
5S:.'^ '-"^ '' ^' -'^^' --'^ «^ intense
iW~
aJ''l!Z?'t "°""",""' '" "<'" °'" »■'« ''"•"per
^Aae. "O my master, thou hast fed me with thy
22
FIFTH READER.
provisions, and treated me with old wine ; and I have
become intoxicated, and committed an outrage upon
thee. But thou art of too exalted dignity to be angry
with me for my ignorance."
10. He had hardly finished this speech before the
Barmecide burst into laughter. " Come," said he, " I
have long been looking for a man of thy character.
Come, we shall now be friends. Thou hast kept up
the jest in pretending to eat; now thou shalt make
my house thy home, and eat m earnest."
Having said this, he clapped his* hands. Several
slaves instantly appeared, whom he ordered to set out
the tabid and serve the dinner. His commands were
quickly obeyed, and my brother now enjoyed the reality
of what he had before partaken only in idea.
Exercises. — 1. Write a short composition on "' A Barme-
cide Feast" from the following heads: (1) A Imngry man
obtains admission into the house of a Barmecide. (2) The
Barmecide pretends to invite liim to dinner. (3) The courses
set before tlie hungry man. (4) Wine ; its pretended effect, and
what it led to. (5) Explanation. (6) The Barmecide's con
duct afterwards.
2. Explain the following phrases : (1) He acquitted liimseK
with great address. (2) By reverse of fortune. (3) This dish
hath not its equal in sweetness of flavor. (4) He made a
profound reverence. (5) I committed an outrage upon thee.
(6) My brotiier now enjoyed the reality of what he had before
partaken only in idea,
3. Learn to parse all the words in the following sentence ;
The Barmecide began to rub his hands with great delight.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
5. Select from section 4 all the words which may be either
nouns or verbs, according to the way in which they are used.
(Such as water, hold, etc. )
6. Give the verbs or the adjectives from which the following
nouns are derived: occupation, admission, access, magnifi-
cence, obligation, patience, pretence, continuance, obedience.
THE DAY OF REST.
23
Mawkish
Sawyer
Tawny
Awful
•i. VTith each of the first six words mentioned in the fore-
golufi^ exercise, ni?^ke a sentence illustrating its proper use
S. i.earn the spelling of the following words, and notice
where au Is used, and where aw : —
Author Hawthorn Sausage
Gaudy Tawdry Saucer
Pauper Lawyer F'ulty
Auction Awkward August
t ^^.Tf ^/rT''"''''^^ '^ * contraction of St. Awdry (short form
iov Etheldnda). At St. Awdry, in the isle of Ely, a kind of
lace, called "Sin Tawdry's lace," was sold.- Pa J^risTpu re
Latin word for poor.-^«c«on comes from the Latin auf,eo,
[auctum], I increase; which also gives Aug-ust and auctumn-us,
the season of increase.- 5ausaf,e comes from salsus, salted
nence, tuo, sauce. '
oi^Zt^^'"'''' *" '^' ^""'^^ ^''^ '^'^ '''''''^^' descriptive
sentence ;
THE DAY OF REST.
Fresh glides the brook and blows the gale,
Yet yonder halts the quiet mill ;
The whirring wheel, the rushing sail,
How motionless and still !
Six days stem Labor shuts the poor
From Nature's care-free banquet-hall;
The seventh, an Angel opes the door.
And, smiling, welcomes all !
Lord Lytton,
<^^s=?55-S^
,i^^^^r2S?^^^=5!5^=,
mmm
24
FIFTH READER.
ttiL-AOUJ*
UP WITH THE DAWN.
inflamed spots covered wHb
whitish scales.
Prime, highest point oi excel-
lence.
m
Brawn'y, stout and mviscular.
Grap'ple, to seize and struggle
with.
Tno'nnd, merry, cheerful.
Lep'rosy, an incurable, con- Trav'erse, to cross
togiou; disease, marked by | Ty'rant, oppressor.
1. Up with the dawn, ye sons of toil !
And bare the brawny arm,
To drive the harnessed team aiield,
And till the fruitful farm ;
;overe<* with
nt ol excel-
UP WITH THE DAWN.
To dig the mine for hidden wealth ;
Or make the woods to ring
With swinging axe, and steady stroke, .
To fell the forest king ;
••^ With ocean car and iron steed
To traverse land and sea,
And spread onr commerce round the globe,
As wind that wanders free. " ^. -
Subdue the earth and conquer fate,
Outspe^d the flight of time :
Old earth is rich, and man is young,
Nor near his jocund prime.
>'« Work ! and the clouds of care will fly ;
Pale want will pas» away.
Work ! and the leprosy of crmie
And tyrants must decay.
Leave the dead ages in their urns: *
The present time be ours.
To grapple bravely with our lot,
And strew our path with flowers.
Thomas Elliot.
DIKECTIONS AND CAUTIONS FOR READING.
t«J,''Tin;7.^Ar"l^M'^^''^'^''^"^**°P'^^« ^he accent upon
xoith. Line 6: Make the words to ring run into the next line.
Verse 3. -Line 1: Do not accent and. Line 2: Pale must
li:ToTSV'''''''f'''"''''- ^^''■- 1^0 not accent "
ace n't on wul'Tf'l' ""'' '"''''- ^*"« '"' ^^^^^^ ^^^^ verse-
accent on loith, and make wU/i-ow-lot one word.
iiouse or me dead man's relatives. "' """ "^^'' '" '"'''
25
liii!
X
26
FIFTH READER.
t \
m^
1
!! !
i
i ;
ij j
\\ i
WATER DESTROYING AND FIRE
BUILDING UP.
Antag'onism, opposition.
Concep'tion, notion, idea.
Cone, a round, solid, pointed
figure like a sugar-loaf.
Convul'sion, a violent and sud-
den movement.
Cube, a solid square.
Cur'rent, a body of water (or air)
moving in a certain direction.
Demonstra'tion, proof.
Es'timate, calculate.
Qeol'Dgy, the science which deals
with the structure of the earth;
from the Greek ge, the earth,
and logos, a discourse.
Insignificance, unimportance.
Nep'tune, the Roman god of the
sea.
Pre'cipice, a very steep place;
Lat. prceceps, headlong.
Sound'ing, a measuring of the
depth of water by nieans of a
line and plummet.
Volca'no, a burning mountain;
from the Latin Vulcanus, the
god of fire.
1 We see everywhere, along every coast-line, the
sea warring against the land, and every wiiere over-
IE
!, the earth,
rse,
nportance.
n god of the
steep place ;
long.
ring of the
y means of a
5 mountain ;
'^ulcanus, the
t-line, the
iere over-
IVATER AND FIRE. ^
t to pieces; grmdmg those pieces to powder, carrying
that powder away, and spreading it out over he oce,n
floois by the continued effect of the tides and cLrents
Look at the chalk cliffs, which once, no doubt exte„,W
aero, the English Channe. to the 'simit c^st"
French coast. 2. What do we see? Precipices cut
■lown to the sea-beach, constantly hammered by Z
waves, and constantly crumbling; the beach itself
made of the flints still remaining after the Jter J^l
has been grounWown and washed away; and Temntt
n. the,r t„rn gradually grinding one another under the
ame ceaseless discipline, _ fi,.,t rounded into pebbles
hen worn into sand, and then earned out farther am]
tarthe, to be replaced by fresh ones from The same
« Jn/Tf ; ofT"' ""'."". '' ^"'"^ "" even^e/^ere, round
by toot or mch by mch, month by month, or century
18 conta med i„ the great pyramid of Ecypt ^ The
Irrawaddi sweens ofF fr«r« id i. ^ojpi" J ne
cubic fPot nf !!^.l ^m-m^h an avera^re of 6i>
a e Seloofo . •" "'''^ ^'^""^ «^ *'"^^' '-^"^ there
Tear td nth '" 'r'*^ ^•'^^' '^^"^ '^^^ ^^^^^^ i» «very
year , and other rivers have a like efteet. 5 What '
':T:^r,.f:^l'::t'-'f ^■".^•^ which :reo„:
.ass WRamsg;.-rB;rt:Brh; Ht^:r
I
28
FIFTH READER.
m
ning inland to Madamscourt Hill and Sevenoaks? All
clean gone, and swept out into the bosom of the At-
lantic, and there forming other chalk-beds. 6. Now,
geology assures us, on the most conclusive and imde-
niable evidence, that aix our present land, all our
continents and islands, have been formed in this way
out of the ruins of former ones. The old ones which
existed at the beginning of things have all perished,
and what we now stand upon has most assuredly been
at one time or other, perhaps many timos, the bottom
of the sea. * i i •
7. Well, then, there is power enough at work, and it
has been' at work long enough, utterly to have cleared
away and spread over the bed of the sea all our present
existing continents and islands, had they ben* placed
where \hey are at the creation of the world. From
this It follows, as clear as demonstration can make it,
that, without some process of renovation or restoration
to act in antagonism to this destructive \-'ork of old
Neptune, there would not now be remaining a foot of
ary land for a living thing to stan-l upon.
8. Now, what is this process of restoration? Let
the volcano and the earthquake tell their tale. Let the
earthquake tell how, within the memory of man, in the
presence of eyewitnesses,— one of whom (Mrs. Graham)
has described the fact, — the whole coast-line of Chili,
for about one hundred miles around Valparaiso, with
the mighty chain of the Andes, — mountains compared
with wliich the Alps shrink into insignificance, — was
suddenly raised (in a single night, November 19, 1822)
from two to seven feet above its former level, leaving
the beach below the old low-water mark high and dry ;
+1.^ oV.«ll.fioli Qtir-lrincr nn the rocks OUt of rcach ■
of water ; leaving the searweed rotting in the air, or
WATER AND FIRE.
29
rather clryinj. „p to dust under the burnincr «„„ of a
^^ where n.in seldom falls, o. The ancients had a
table that Titan « was hurled from heaven and burled
under ^tna, wliere his struggles caused the earthquakes
I
AN ACTIVE VOLCANO.
thHt desolated Sicily. But here we have an exhibition
of T.ta„,o forces on a far mightier scale. One of he
hom-To'Z";'-:.";? "'■"■'"""." ^'^'P^'-aiso. To bring
aom. t. the mind the conception of such an eiJort, we
80
FIFTH HEADER.
must form a clear idea what sort of mountain this is.
It is nearly 24,000 feet in height, lo. Chimborazo, the
loftiest of the volcanic cones of the Andes, is lower by
2,500 feet; and yet /Etna, with Vesuvius at the top of
it, and another Vesuvius pi'.ed on that, wmild little
more than surpass the midway height of the snoto-cov-
ered iwrtion of that cofie^ which is one of the many
chimneys by which the hidden fires of the Andes tind
vent. On the occasion I am speaking or, at least
10,000 square miles of country were estimated as
having been upheaved ; and the upheaval was not con-
fined to the land, but extended far away to sea, which
was proved by the soundings oft Valparaiso and along
the coast having been found considerably shallower
than they were before the shock.
11. Again, in the year 1819, during an earthquake in
India, in the district of Cutch, bordering on the Indus,
a tract of country more than fifty miles long and sixteen
broad was suddenly raised ten feet above its former
level. The raised portion still stands up ahoxp the
unraised, like a long perpendicular wall, which is known
by the name of the " Ullah Bund," or " God's Wall."
And again, in 1538, in that convulsion which threw up
the Monte Nuovo (New Mountain), a cone of ashes
450 feet high, in a single night, the whole coast of
Pozzuoli, near Naples, was raised twenty feet above its
former level, and so remains, permanently upheaved, to
this day. Innumerable other instances of the same
kind could be readily mentioned.
12. This, then, is the manner in which the earthquake
does its work, — and it is always at work. Somewhere
or other in the world there is perhaps not a day, cer-
tainly not a month, without an earthquake. In those
districts of South r.nd Central America where the great
1
coas
• uph
wen
cour
WATER AND FIHE.
81
Cham of voIcnn.c cones is ^^imtod, - Cl.imborazo, Coto-
paxi,aiKl a long list with ^Jun.os unmentionable, or at
least unpronounecable,- the inhabitants no more think
of count.r jr earthquake shocks than we do of countinjr
.bowers .f ra.n. Indeed, in some places alon^ thaf
coast a shower is. a greater rarity. Ky^n in Great
ntmu. near Perth/ a year seldom passes without a
shock,--happ,ly, within the records of history, never
powerful enough to do any mischief.
Sir John Herschel {abridged).
^ NOTES.
Xo\ "^inf T/''' ''''.''r' ^'•«^^^-'^^««<' Structures, sloping off
to a pent. Those of Egym, some of which are over four
lousand years ohl. were inteu.lc.I as tombs for thekinT The
^.^hest reaches an elevation of four hundred and eighty fe
mri Z'i^^ !' ""To '"" ^°"" °^ ^''^ '"'''^^ '<^ood and tooia Tint
part of Kent and Sussex which is now called the WphI i «.. •
4. In the neighborhood of Corarie, in Perthshire.
SUMMARY,
do thi« -^ Ti T , • ^' ^^>® '■'vers he p the sea to
volcano and the eLtCake \ I^T/T'-F"'"''' ''"' '''''
coast of Chili w.e . . ^ hundred miles of the whole
coasl-line. ..,e ^eaflf aI ^ °a ^'1 ,t ,^i?f """ ""
upheaved 7 On t»,« o. ^*^"^*^."^' 24,000 feet high, was also
/ere upheaved 8 uZ °'''''*'" '^'^ ^^"^''^ ™"^^ ^^ J^"^'
count "vtrwi. ±...'1="!! y^^"- ^«'»'. ^ square miles of
the former levef "y'l^i^ S' *" earthquake ten feet above
'evei. 9. In lo38 the coast of Italy, near Naples,
32
FIFTH HEADER.
m
!! !!;!
'•\\\
was raised twenty feet above its old level. 10. The earthquake,
like the sea and the rivers, is always at work.
Composition. — Write a short paper on the contents of this
lesson from the following heads: 1. The land constantly worn
down. 2. The materials carried out to sea. 3. Clialk cliffs of
England. 4. Action of rivers, with illustrations. 5. Means of
restoring the land. 6. The Chili earthquake. 7. The earth-
quake of 1S19. 8. Monte Nuovo. 9. Volcanic fire always at
work.
Exercises. — 1. Parse all the words in the following sen-
tence : There is hardly an instance of an active volcano at any
considerable distance from the sea-coast.
2. Analyze the above. ^
3. Select, from section 12, words which may be either nouns
or verbs, according to the way in which they are used.
4. WHte in columns, with definitions, a number of words,
some descriptive of the earth, others of the sea; also a num-
ber of compound or derivative words, some of earth, others of
sea.
5. Distinguish tl neaning of soil, 7nass, chain, ashes, suh-
atauce, in the following pairs of sentences: (1) The soil of
Egypt is fertilized by the overflowing Nile. Be careful not to
so<7 the silk. (2) The Catholic soldiers go to mass. What a
mass of useful facts the book contains. (3) The great chain of
the Andes runs from north to south of South America. Wiiat
a chain of evidence. (4) Here lies the ashes of the dead.
Vesuvius tiirew out a great shower of ashes. (5) He was a
man of substance. Write out the substance of the lecture.
Also indicate any connection in uieaniiig between the words
soil, etc., etc., in the various pairs of sentences.
THE WHITE SHIP.
3a
rhe earthquake,
contents of this
constantly worn
Chalk cliffs of
s. 5. Means of
7. The earth-
ic fire always at
! following sen-
; volcano at any
be either nouns
•e used.
mher of words,
ea; also a num-
earlh, others of
win, ashea, snb-
(1) The soil of
Se careful not to
mass. What a
lie great chain oi
\nierica. What
es of the dead.
(5) He was a
the lecture.
tween the words
THE WHITE SHIP.
Exhaust'ed, worn out. iMftin'xra-^ +i, ,
Liege, lord; originally a lord of M^^^ "y^**' *1^« largest cross
,. Jf"'^ 5'°/"!' ""^ "« yoMB'" -on of William th, C^ ».
V uituiujf. txe w as, in fact, much more at home ia
tlUftUhk^i^^X^!'^'?'
34
FIFTH READER.
li 'i
Norinaudy, and was much more of a Norman than he was an Eiiglisli-
man. Indeed, he could uot be called an Englishman at all, either by
bkth or in language. He reigned from 1100 to 1135.
1. King Henry I. went over to Normandy with his
^on, Prince William, and a great retinue, to have the
prince acknowledged as his successor by the Norman
nrbles, and to contract the j)romised marriage between
him and the daughter of the Count of Anjou. Both
these things were done with great show and rejoicing ;
and the whole company prepared to embark for home.
2. When all was ready, there came^to the king Fitz-
Stephen, a sea-captain, who said : " My liege, my father
served j^our father all his life upon the sea. He steered
the ship with the golden boy upon the prow, in which
your father sailed to conquer England. I beseech yon
to grant me the same office. I have a fair vessel in
the harbor here, called the White Ship,i manned by
fifty sailors of renown. I pray you, sire, to let your
servant have the honor of steering you to England."
3. " I am sorry, friend," replied the king, " that my
vessel is already choijcn, and that I cannot therefore
sail with the son of the man who served my father.
But the prince, with all his company, shall go along
with you in the fair White Ship, manned by the fifty
sailors of renown."
4. An hour or two afterwards the king set sail in the
vessel he had chosen, accompanied by other vessels, and
sailing all night with a fair and gentle wind arrived
upon the coast of England in the morning. While it
was yet night, the people in some of the king's ships
heard a faint wild cry come over the sea and wondered
what it was.
5. Prince William Avent aboard the White Ship with
One Luuured and forty youthfui nobles like himself,
THE WHirn SHIP. gg
™r Tl",''™.'™'-'' •"■g''t«^» '>»ble ladies of the highest
.h «f. ■, S'"^ company, with their servants and
the fifty sa^o,-s, made three hundred souls.
Give three caslis of wine, Fitz-Stephen " slid fl.<.
pnnce, "to the fifty sailors of renown. ' Jly'fat or he
«% and the' White S silT'ove'rl ^ rSl
vessel ;n attendance on your father, if we sail al f* Id'
the sails were all spf a«/i ♦v^ ,. ""**'"• ^ut
^ itz-Stepheii himself at the helm ^'
w.^:ei:; iCaii^'^rcarus t.L^^^^^^^^^ ,'■^^-
yet, for the honor"ofl'e White 'si?" '" ""''^ ""^^^
i-;ts.™twV:hec:v7 ""'? *'°'" ""-"o >-"«'-'
of the kilTeaM fa n V '"T " '" «>e distant vessels
.SI,;., v„j f ■ ">^ "" *''o water. The White
Ktz Ste rV*°" " '•"'"' ""-J ^"^ going downi
fewntbir-Aroff";?^^^^^^^
the land. It is not fan 'ff J. "'^'^''' """'* ""^ *»
■est of us mus^dt '• ' ""'' "" ''^ '^ ^«'°°«'- ^ho
«• But as they rowed awav f„.f t ., ._. .
,^ a» prinee heard the V^ce-of 'LTsl^rer'S
86
FIFTH READER.
1!'
calling for help. He never in his life had been so good
as he was then. He cried, in an agony, " Row back at
any risk ! I cannot bear to leave her ! "
They rowed back. As the i)rince held out his arms
to catch his sister, sucli numbers leaped in that the boat
was upset. And in the same instant the White Ship
went down.
10. Only two men floated, — a nobleman named God-
rey, and Berold, a poor butcher of Rouen. They both
clung to the main-yard of the ship, which had broken
from the mast, and now supported them.
By-and-by another man came swimming towards
them, whom they knew, when he pushed aside his long
wet hair, to be Fitz-Stephen. When he heard that the
prince and all his retinue had gone down, Fitz-Stephen,
with a ghastly face, cried, " Woe, woe to me ! " and sank
to the bottom.
11. The other two clung to the yard for some hours.
At length the young noble said, faintly, " I am ex-
hausted and chilled with the cold, and can hold on no
longer. Farewell, good friend ! God preserve you 1 "
So he dropped and sank ; and, of all the brilliant crowd,
the poor butcher of Rouen alone was saved. In the
morning some fishermen saw him floating in his sheep-
skin coat, and got him into their boat, — the sole relater
of the dismal tale.
12. For three days no one dared to carry the intelli
gence to the king. At length they sent into his
presence a little boy, who, weeping bitterly, and kneel-
ing at his feet, told him that the White Ship was lost
with all on board.
The king fell to the gi-ound like a dead man, and
»»pvf>r .qft.o.rwards was seen to smile.
Charles JJicfcens.
THE WHITE SHIP.
37
been so good
Row back at
ead man, and
Charles lUckens,
NOTES.
2. Barfleur. a small seapoit, fifteen miles east of fi.^.K
SUMMARY.
K'ligs ship had been a read v eixrawoH o^ i
with Fitz-Stephe„. 5. P;ince VilMni ! ''"' '''" ^^""^«
eighteen ladies and one h .dreJ . f ""''"' ^" ^^'''"^ ^^''"'
«. VVith then- servants an thP. ■? ^?"^ y^""^ "°'»«n^cn.
<l>ed souls on boir " rlolJT' T'" ^''^ ^'""^^ '^""■
casks of wine rTrusiinl f, '''"^ "'' '*''°'"« ''^^ three
-ptain did "ot sail U I iT, ^ rvi'^.r' '? ^'^^^^'' "-
of the harbor of liarfleur tS t } ""^ ^''^ ''^'P ^^^^t out
10. Fit.-Stephen hh nS waratTeLr TCZ'' '^r^^'
were rowing? their hardest nil " , • ^^^^ fifty sailors
struck upon a rock 12 F.'t.^t T' '''' ^''^" ^'"^ '''"P
a few nobles, into a boat 3 tZ " '"''■'■^'' ''^^ P'''"^^' ^'"'
prince ueard the voice of li s s.-sf ^.r?"' '^'''^''Soff, when the
They rowed back TnH f ' '^^^"^ ''''^"'"S fo"- ^'eJp. 14.
it wL UPS t n All "r'^''' ''"P^^^ '"^^ ^>'« bo^t tha
Stephencam'up swi^nn^.t T'^^'^'P*^'"'^^^ ^«- Fit^-
holdingontoa varrTn, ^,°,"'' °"'^'' ^^^^ men, who were
When he heard that :n ^'^''^ "^'"^ ^''^"^ ^'^^ P'-inee. 17
0^..y one nf^ a ^tetH? EJ'^J^^olr JJlT trT ' "
=tUt:;::rrtitH^^^^^^^^
the foCLTo" thn J"\' ' pr;-^ w-;;'''^ ^^"^^ ^'^'p " ^••-
, '"^-indy in the VVhirshin 2 "n ^^ '^™ '"^"''"^ ^'^"^ ^^r-
deal of wine. 3. The l^n stHi. '''^"''' *'""" ^^''""'^ ^ ^ve^^
itmt inf^ „ K.„. / .! '^^'P strikes on a rook, 4. Th^ nrS^.^ :„
I '*™pea, and all are drowned except one.
38
FIFTH READER,
Exercises. -1. Explain the following phrases- t\\ tk-
prince was acknowledged as his father'ssuccessor f2) A rl^
veLunThPi' 7'"^! '" "'' ^""°^'"° ««"t^"««^ I l^ave a fair
vessel in he harbor here, manned by fifty sailors of renown
3. Analyze the above sentence. ^<^n»y/n.
4. Distinguish the meaning of sM,ceede(?, contracted .hnnt
Mr. and intelligence in the following pa! s of entfnts^^^
Benry. ucceeded William. His plan hls'^not/ucrc^eT (2' A
marriage was contracted between the two , young plople H^
Z7ir .'^f r^^'^^' ''' '''' contracted, fs) The'lamekeepe
Th btg inwirnot ?-^'"^" ^^^ '^^^""'"^ to'ZTTi.
1 ne Dargain was not a fair one. I bought the horse at a fan-
i^ii^:^diSr^rhir^""^^-- -^^-.4^0^
IdfatVommon!'"^ ""'^ ^^^^^' '" "'« ^^^''^ «^ -^— , any
HE NEVER SMILED AGAIN.
[This poem relates to the event recorded in the story of "The
White Ship."] ^ ^^'^
Blent, mingled. , m ,
Pes'tal. belonging to a feast Tour'ney. a contest with spear,
Min'strels.nmsiclns • 7 '^T"' ^ '^^"^back, b.
I tween knights.
Vows, promises of love.
1. The bark that held a prince went down,
I he sweeping waves rolled on ;
And what was England's glorious crown
1 o /lim that wept a son ?
He lived, - for life may long be borne
H "e sorrow break its chain ;
Why comes not death to those who mourn ?»-
HE NEVER SMILE J^ AGAIN.
f. There stood proud forms around his throne,
The stately and the brave;
But who could fill the place of one, -
ihat one beneath the wave'^
Before him passed the youn<r and fair,
m pleasure's reckless train •
But seas dashed o'er his son's bright hair -
iio 7iever smiled again !
3. He sat where festal bowls went round,
He heard the minstrels sing;
He oaw' the tolirney's victor crowned
Amidst the knightly ring :
A murmur of the restless deep
Was blent with every strain
A voico of winds that ^aouid not sleep, -
He tever smiled again !
^•Hearts, in that time, closed o'er the trace
Oi vows once fondly poured •
And strangers took the kinsman's place
At many a joyous board;
W t,e left to heaven's bright rain ;
* resh hopes were born for other years -
^e never smiled again! !,,,, ^_„,
Verse 2.-Linel: The wnl/'''"""' "»«™Phatic words,
equally accented. Veuse <l 1 r • ^''n ^""^ -^^'''"'^ "^"^^ be
deep, and place a slight pmnL.- " '^^^^^" o" <^« restless
^ord. Lines: sTalTr t^, ^ O.ce is the emphatic
^: The e.phatiftx:r.:L^:l^^^l!^^^^^^^
'•"'oc-aecent on /ef/ an/^j r>o<,„ „ ^ .'"' ^"'c ;;. avoIu the
*«/« are the two^ChlKorts.'' *"""''• ^'"'"' ^-*
89
40
FIFTH. READER.
iiii;.
illlll-!'
THE BRAVE MAN.
Aloof, away.
Arrayed', dressed.
Mien, manner and carriage.
Pistoles', Spanish gold coins,
worth about ?3.86 each.
".■Tof' fered, ottered.
Stems, holds out against.
Surge, the billowy water.
Trib'ute, something to be paid.
Wrack, the blocks of ice and
pieces of timber carried down
by the flood.
1. Loud let the Brave Man's praises swell
A» oi'gari blast, or clang of beli I
THE BRA VE MAN.
Of lofty soul and spirit stronjr,
n^ asks not gold, - |,e asks but song f
Then glory to God, by whose gift I raise
The tribute of song to the Brave Man's ,,raiso !
The thaw wind came from the southern sea,
Diwy and dark o'er Italy;
The scattered clouds fled far aloof
As flees the flock before the wolf • '
It swept o'er the plain, and it strewed the woo<]
And It burst the ice-bands on river and flood
With the voice of a thousand waterfalls ;
i he waters are over both field and dell, -
St. 1 doth the land-flood wax und swell-
And high roll its billows, as in their tia k ,
J ''ey hurry the ice-crags, . floating wrack.
On pillars stout, and arches wide
A bridge of granite stems the tide •
And midway o'er the foaming Hood,
Upon the bridge the toll-house stood
Ihere du^lleth the gate-man, with babes and wife-
O, seest thou the water? Quick! flee for thy Hf-' '
a. Kear .nd more near the wild waves ur^e •
J-ud howls the wind, loud roars the sur^e;'
The gate-man sprang on the roof in fright
le ciiui trotl . to our sins be o-ood '
We are lost we are lost ' Th« « ,? ' ,' ,
^rc lost . 1 he flood ! the flood ' "
High rolled the waves I In headlong track
Hither and thither dashed the wrfck
On either bank uprose the flood :
ocarce on their base the arches stood 1
41
42
11 nil ItEAUEli.
ii:
The gate-man, trembling for house and life,
Out-8creani8 the storm with his babes and wife.
4. High heaves the flood-wrack, — block o!i block,
The sturdy pillars feel the shock ;
On either arch the surges break,
On either side the arches shake :
They totter! they sink 'neath the whelming wave !
All-merciful Heaven, have pity, and save !
Upon the river's further stratid
A trembling crowd of gazers ptan^ ;
In wild despair their hands they wring,
Vet none may aid or succor bring ;
And the *ha[)loss gate-man, with babel and wife,
Is screaming for help through the stormy strife.
5. When shall the Brave Man's praises swell
As organ blast, or clang of bell ?-—
Ah ! name him now, he tarries long;
Name him at last, my glorious song!
O, speed ! for the terrible death draws near;
( ) Brave Man ! O Brave Man ! arise, appear I
Quick gallops up, with headlong speed,
A noble Count on noble steed !
And, lo ! on high his fingers hold
A i)urse well stored with shining gold.
"jTwo hundred pistoles for the man who shall save
Yon perishing wretch from the yawning wave ! " *
6. Who is'the Brave Man, say, my song:
Shall to the Count thy meed belong?
Though, Heaven be praised, right brave he be,
I know a braver still than he ;
O Brave Man! O Brave Man! arise, appear!
£ il. _ J. M !_...•.
ivi s/uc" tcrnoie ui3aiu uraws near I
THE BRAVE MAN.
48
And ever higher swell the waves,
And louder still the storm-wind raves,
And lower sink their hearts in tear —
O Brave Man! O Brave Man! haste, appear!
Buttress and pillar, they groan and strain,
And the rocking arches are rent in twain !
T. Again, again, before their eyes
High holds the Count the glitteri.ig prize :
All see, but all the danger shun, ~
Of all the thousand stirs «o^ one
And the gate-in.^/t, in vain, through the tumult wild,
Outscreams the tempest, with wife and child.
But who amid the crowd is seen,
in peasant garb, with simple mien,
Firm, leaning on a trusty stave,
In form and feature tall and g.-ave 9
He hears the Count, and the scream of fear •
Hesers that the moment of death draws near! "
». Into a skiff he boldly sprang •
He braved the storm that rou'nd him rang;
H( called aloud on God's great name, -
And back he a deliverer came
But the fisher's skiff seems all too small,
h rom the i aging waters to save them all.
The river lound them boiled and surged ;
1 hriee through the waves his skiff he ur^ed
And back through wind and waters' roa^ '
He bore them safely to the shore;
In the fisher's skiff through the danger passed.
«• Who is the Brave Man ? Sav. mv «nn.
i wiiom shall that high name belJng?""'
ii
FIFTH READEH.
'm
JJravely the peasant ventured in,
Hut 't was, pcvhanco, the prize to win.
if tho generous Count had proffered no gold,
1 ho peasant, n.ethinks, had not been so 1 oI<i
Out «puke the Count, « Right boldly done i
Here, take thy purse ; 't was noblv won/'
THE BRAVE AfAN.
A generous act, in (nifh, was this,
And truly the Count H^rht noble is ;
mt loftier still was the soul displayed
iiy hini in the peasant garb arrayed.
io.''JW though I be, thy hand withhold;
I barter not my life for gol<l !
Von hapless man is ruined now ;
Great Count, on /lim thy o-ift bestow."
Ho spake fron. his heart in his honest pride,
And he turned on his heel and strode aside.
Then loudly let his praises swell
As organ blast, or clang of bell ;
Of lofty soul and s|)iht stronrr, *
Ho asks not gold, ~ he asks but son- !
I hen glory to God, by whose gift I raise
1 he tribute of song to the J^rave Man's jjraise !
From the German of liUrgeK.
DIRECTI0X8 AND CAUTIONS FOR READING.
Vkrsr 1.— Lino 1: Avoid the verse-accont on /^/ o«i
liasten on to hrave and swell. Vkrsf ' lull xL .
accent do</,. the ei ,) Vatf. word is m^ Li^^- 'avo d .
verse-accent on in. .,«n ^>ar^ntr.Un. "^
but read ,„„„.«„ ,;v' , „^: "^ ^ "KLrr'-^r J'
3:^/nspmnW ^^^'^ '^ '"^'•e empl.atic than /.oWa. Line
vvorl and £ ,t' "°^ '''' ^^"« ^^ ^^^^"-"^ i» the chief
8 - Line « r^ '"^ "^''^ ^™P'^^^'^ ^^ '^''d^ »«« «« ^- Verse
Composition. -Write the storv of -t... r...,. i.r„^ » ,. _
-eioi.uwingneads: l. A flood in the North of i^r 2. Th"^
45
Ill
1 !l Hi
1 |i i
46
FIFJI RE A DEE.
blocks of. Ice come down and strike a bridge. 3. A large pi» t
of It is carried away. 4. The bridge-keeper and his family arc
in danger. 5. A nobleman offers a purse of gold to any one
who will save them. 6. A peasant jumps into a boat, and brings
the family away in safety. 7. The nobleman offers him the
purse; but he says ....
EXEKC1SES.-1. Explain the following phrases: (1) A
bridge of granite stems the tide. (2) High heaves the flood-
wrack. (3) The river's further strand. (4) Thrice through the
wave his skiff he urged. (6) Loftier was the soul displayed by
the peasant. (6) 1 barter not my life for gold. (7) Honest
2. Parse the words in the following sentence :
And back, through wind and waters' roar,
He bore them safely to the shore.
And is a copjunction, connecting this sentence with another
sentence going before. Be careful to distinguish between
water's and ioaters\
|li{;"lt 'I
INGRATITUDE.
Convince', to compel to believe.
Expos'tulated, remonstrated or
protested against wrong.
Fells, barren, stony hills.
Pi'nally, in the end once for all.
Har'bored, gave shelter to.
Banged, extended, went as far as.
Rec'ompensed, rewarded.
Refer', carry a question to a per-
son to have it decided.
Requite', pay bacli.
With design to, with the inten-
tion of.
Wo'ful, sorrowful.
1. A traveller passing through a thicket, says a Persian
fable, and seeing a few sparks of a fire, whicli some
passengers had kindled as they went that way before,
turned his steps and walked up to it. On a sudden
the sparks caught hold of a bush in the midst of which
lay an aader, and set it in Hames. The adder entreated
the assistance of the traveller, who, tying a bag to the
end of his staff - - -
:># ••^-k^i-kl-k A
i-X.
VAU M^X\J
_ J J _
INGRATITUDE.
47
h the inteu-
drew it out He then bade it go where it pleased, but
never more be hurtful to men, since it owed its life to
n man's compassion. 2. The adder, however, prepared to
bite him ; and, when he expostulated how unjust it was
'^r^^Lf"^ T'^^ "''"' " ^ '^"" ^« "« "^«^'^'" «aid the
adder, « than what you men practise every day, whose
custom It IS to requite benefits with ingratitude. If vou
can deny this truth, let us refer it to the first we meet "
8. The man consented, and, seeing a tree, put a question
to It m what manner a good turn was to be recom-
pensed, " If you^nean according to the usage of men,"
replied the tree, « by its contrary. I have been standing
here these hundred years to protect them from the
scorching sun, and in requital they have cut down my
Upon this the adder looked insultingly at the man, who
appealed to a second evidence, which was granted Ind
immediately they met a cow. 4. The same demand
menT tr T\ ''' ""^ ^"^"^^ ^-en, that among
men n was certainly so. "I know it," said the cow^
time u^ h 'TT'' ' ^'^ ^ ^^^^«^rved a man this long
time wah „„ik, butter, and cheese, and brou-ht him
mHnro^h ' r'^>--^butnowI amold,!^ un"
who will «r \T"\ ^''^' '^'''^'' ^^ «^" "^^ '^ ^ ^^^tcher,
w ho w I shortly make an end of me." 5. The travellei-
upon th;s stood confounded, but desired of courtesy on
sTo lid m ' t ' T.'"f ^ J"'«^' ^^ ^^^ "-^ ^^««t'the;
should meet. This happened to be the fox, who, upon
peTaled r'"*' " '-IV^'^ circumstances, c'ould UTb
persuaded It was possible for the adder to get into so
agam, the fox told the man he had now his enemy
in his power, and with th.at h- fo.f^^o^ .r.. i K
crushed the adder to death.' ~ '"'"^'"^'^ "" """^ "''''
■MMMMil
y;^!!: •
:i
lii
. II
iit!
ill''!,"
ill
> !'
m I
I M
I . I
48 FIFTH READER.
THE WARMED SNAKE.
6. Once on a time, Ps ^sop tells,
A man, in winter's iron weather,
Found on the bare and wind-swept fells
A snake, its coils frost-bound together.
He raised the creature from the ground,
And was about to Hing it by.
When, lo I some spark of life he found
Still glowing in its evil eye.
7. The man, whose large compassion ranged
E'en to that reptile most unblest.
Sudden his idle purpose changed,
And placed the serpent in his breast.
Under his kindly bosom's glow
Slowly the stiffened coils outdrew ;
The thickening blood resumed its flow,
The snaky instincts waked anew.
8. The man was glad to feel awake
The crawling life within his vest ;
For to have harbored e'en a snake
Is ])leasure in a generous breast.
Sudden he stops, with shriek and start, —
Then falls a corpse all swollen and black !
The snake's fell tooth had stopped the heart
Whose warmth to life had brought it back.
NOTE.
-ffiJsop was a Greek slave -svlio lived in the island of Samos
(in the J5gean Sea) about the end of the sixth century b.c.
He was fond of uttering wise thoughts in the form of fables:
and a very large number of suck is ascribed to him.
THE WARMED SNAKE.
49
fells
ether.
nd,
jund
anged
3t.
3W,
m
art, —
\ black !
he heart
II it back.
and of Samos
h century b.c\
)rm of fables:
im.
DIRECTIONS AND CAUTIONS FOR READING.
Verse 6. —Line 1: on-a-time to be read as on- w«.»
EEHstF ■- "^"^^
u m. VERSE 7. —Line 2- Avoid accent on to. Versf 9
Lmc 3: Xo accent on to. Line 7: Put an emphaL on LT
fonrrgraX-f tI^^ 'V ^^ " mgratltufe "^uX^^ t
luuuwingueaas. i. The travel er and the firp 9 vu^ ^
uct „, .^auaer i„ the Are. 3. U, conZt'^iJoltluL
f^,.;n^- X. '^leireo, with tlie answer of papIi
Criticise the answer of Uip trpp nn/t «* .1 "^'''fi or eacn.
i" prce the suUstan,^ of'"" xte Wa"!^ s^a.:"' """•^"^
Exercises.- 1. Explain the following phrases- (11 Ti,„
s wZ hfaat ",3, r'' ™'"-'"''°" '" «" - -'"-
(41 L^tusreL^u^the'fi'r^rrrerT'ir' "!"; ?"•
r;orrtr?T,i'^: /«» "'-ai:r;.s:;r^
3. An he above sentence.
8. Give the meaning of these words.
•^s>M^^f-
il
so
FIFTH HEADER.
ill!
f A \\\ • '-(t i
1 ;
THE PRESENTATION OP THE GREAT CHARTER.
MAGNA CHARTA.
Ar'bitrary, not according to set-
tled law or custom ; despotic.
Burgh'er, an inhabitant of a
burgh ; a citizen or freeman.
Oompul'sory, fo':ced.
Denounce', to accuse publicly,
Despot'io, having all power.
Enaot'ment, law, decree.
Ex'iled, sent out of one's native
country; from Latin ex, out of.
For'feituTe, losing the right to
Ob'solete, gone out of use.
Outlawed, deprived of the pro-
tection of the law.
Patriot'io, loving one's country or
fatherland.
Paer, an equal, an associate ; from
Latinpar, an equal.
Shrivelled, wrinkled, shrunk.
Ven'erable, worthy of honor or
reverence,
VU'Iein, a man attached to a vUla
^P^^^r-V^:k'.':l?tgi^M
ohed to A villa
MAGNA CHARTA, --
of John that drove his baro„T,„,' i ,1^' '' "'^'Sshness
a..d led them to dem ^d wThei"™ nlT •"-"""' 'i'"'
awrittc„chanor„fnghtsa.Tdp rf'^r'S-
C'^m-to, or Great Charter is«till .In 1 • i^"'"'"
law and E„..lish liberTv A . f" "^ ^^^''S"*
hundred yeaS :'ifl^; .f -"f ^7"^ "'" ^''^
the eharter many of its dcH k hT ""' ^"^"^ Sainted
unneeessary, its ZT T \ . ,'"'~"'« obsolete or
th.differen' e ifZ, "W- °f ''-''<»» still mark
tionally governed .and"LsoTsm " TTir^''''"
and in.portant step towards Tu 1 2^'= .!'> ^"^^" S'""'
was that this charter was C^ t :' f' '™'"™'
pf reform had been made ZwC^^oriT T*"
't is easy to see how such pr^nis^es colld 1 "f ''' "'"'
and injurediyt::\- ':;T\r;:i,tt"j2^ :^
hang„,gfro„ the venerable parchment * '""
^v thi ifcrrst?"''""*^ °^ exeommnnleation »
lovcoursewih Christ. '""^"I'-T" "" "^f™"' al, in-
ho wished to obu:i?il""' ^"'•"'"' '^''"^'^ ''^"1"
rebellious barons and of r!.' ''"''''T "^ ^"'''''"•"S his
in France, I^^Ter. eXf ^f ''I \t ''T"'""'
excommunication removed „^' , ^- ^^tence of
of the Pope, he "ave Whi; *" *'" ''■■'^'' ">« '"vor
into the hands of tie nnlr'""'" ''"'' •■'' ^^"Siom
again o„„ „„ ::„',iirjx r:- .:t t"'' ''"^
, vassal of the Pope 4 Tl,e ^7 • ^ "''"'<"'''»"' «■•
I obtain his vishedlr alH r f 57"' "* " ^'^'""' "»«' '<>
I jand was rous^dlf the tilv!!!!^" '««•>" En^
-aron and burgher wer,-M,,e M^ ^ ~J^
C 1
i'jil ll'fi
1
l» Ai i
52
FIFTH READER.
to a foreign power. At Easter, 1215, the barons met
at Stamford, with two thousand knights and squires,
and agreed to carry their charter of rights to John for
signature. Tiieir leaders were Stephen Langton, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, and William, Earl of Pembroke.
5. The king, deserted by nearly all his barons, promised
to grant them their desires, and demanded a day and
place for the meeting. "The day, the 15th of June;
the place, Hunnymede," the barons replied. And there,
below the walls of Windsor, on a broad green meadow,
still known by the name of Runnymede, John met his
barons and signed the charter dear to the heart of every
patriotic Englishman, c. But though he signed it, it
was not of his own free will ; he hated both it and the
men who had forced him to sign it. When he left the
meeting, and returned to Windsor, he flung himself on
the floor in a rage, gnawing sticks and straws in his
fury, and cursing his rebellious barons.
But the charter was signed. In the 61st, the last
important clause, was the king's promise faithfully to
observe all that was contained in it under pain of for-
feiture of his power and lands. 7. Twenty-four barons
were appointed to see that the charter was truly carried
into effect ; and if the king or his agents failed to obey
its provisions in the smallest particular, it was the duty
of these barons to denounce the abuse before the king,
and demand that it should be instantly reformed.
" They have given me f our-and-twenty over-kings ! "
cried John, in hir, fury.
8. Magna Charta may be divided into three parts:
the first relating to the affairs of the clergy ; the second
relating to the interests of the nobility ; the third and
most important providing for the protection of the lif^
liberty, and property of all freemen.
MAGNA CHART A.
68
e barons met
I and squires,
s to John for
!ington, Arch-
of Pembroke.
3ns, promised
led a day and
5th of June;
!. And there,
-een meadow,
John met his
leart of every
! signed it, it
)th it and the
en he left the
tig himself on
straws in h]s
51st, the last
faithfully to
r pain of for-
y-four barons
I truly carried
'ailed to obey
was the duty
'ore the king,
ly reformed,
over-kings! "
three parts:
r; the second
he third and
on of the life^
The mterests of the clergy were already settled by a
charter and it was necessary only that this charter
•should be conftrmed. The nobility were protected from
arbitrary reliefs,^ the abuses of the wardship of the
crown were reforined,« a„d widows were secured from
compulsory marriage, to which they had been before
lable, o the profit of the crown, -either the kin., had
the right to sell a widow's hand to a rich suitor, or he
would have to pay a heavy fine for the ,,rivilege of
choosing for liereelf. °
9. These eimctn^nts redressed the worst .nievanees
of the nobles, who held their lands „s tenants of the
kmg on eondition of n.ilitary service. The freedom
of he c,ty of Loelon, and of all towns and bor-
oughs, was secured. Permission to trade in England
was granted to foreign merchants. The Court of Com-
mon Pleas' was no longer to follow the king's pemn
but was to s,t m a Hxcd place. The tyranny exerc sTd
:icred '"""■"""' "' '"^ '■"^^' ^"-'^ ^^^
thr. ^'t " '' f ' '^''"' "'■"■•''<' "* t''^ "'''"•te'- which is
he backbone of the English law. This declares 1
"no freeman shall be seized or imprisoned, or be dis.
possessed of his freehold, or liberties, or free customs or
dlv o"„„ '"' '" "" '"""' ^^ «•'" "»t deny or
ael.iy to any man, justice or right."
and', *'':''l';''.''' l^e king promised to appoint only wise
and upnght judges ; to forbid the conviction of any man
until witnesses had been heard in his favor; to restore
his position or nrouertv m ,„„ i . ' . , . '^
been deprived without legarjiJdgmeV.rirfrfS
54
FIFTH READER.
all arbitrary grievances inflicted on townsmen,' mer-
cliants, or villeins.
It is easy to see from these extracts that a man was
sure of justice in any honest court of law, and that
Magna CLarta is the corner-stone of the great edifice
of English liberty.
NOTES.
1. That is, goverued according to a settled system of Jaw and
custom.
2. Excommunication deprived a person of all the privileges
of the Church; he could not join in any of its services, and the
clergy would not administer the rites of marriage or of burial.
3. It was once the custom to hire foreign soldiers, who were
ready to <ight for whoever vould pay them best.
4. The ambassador from the Pope (Latin, legatus).
5. Taxes raised at the will of the king. Certain reliefs the
barons agreed to pay the king; these were lawfully due, but uo
other.
6. An heir who was under age was in the wardship of the
crown, and all profit from his estate went for the time into the
king's exchequer; if the ward were an heiress, the king fcold
her hand to the highest bidder.
7. Then the highest court of appeal.
SUMMARY.
1. The greed and cruelty of King John drove the barons to
demand a written statement or charter of their righto. 2. This
has been called the Magna Charta, or Great Charter, and it
is still the basis of English law and liberty. 3. There is a copy of
it in the British Museum. 4. King John, being under sentence
of excommunication, could receive no help from abroad. 5. To
win back the favor of the Pope, he gave his crown and king-
dom into the hands of the Pope's legate. 6. He received them
back only as vassal and servant of tl' ! Pope. 7. The king now
tri i to get his foreign soldiers, but i. was too late. 8. At Eas-
ter, 1215, the barons met at Stamford, and agreed to ask John
to sign their charter. 9. Their leaders were Stephen Langton
and the Earl of Pembroke. 10. They appointed Runnymede.
near Wiadsor, and the 15th of June, as the place and time of
,4-*
MAGNA CHARTA.
^nemen, mer-
t a man was
i\v, and that
great edifice
tern of Jaw and
the privileges
rvices, and the
; or of bnrial.
iers, who were
tiis).
ain reliefs the
lly due, but uo
irdship of the
! time into tlie
, the king fcold
the barons to
ghto. 2. This
barter, and ii
ere is a copy of
mder sentence
ibroad. 5. To
wn and king-
received them
The king now
e. 8. At Eas-
i to ask John
pheu Langton
[ Runnymede,
i and time of
-¥
6S
carried Into effect. 14 Maena rh^' 1 T *^ '^^''■" '™ly
for the interest, of '^i^ ^^v^^l^iTt^.T^^f and proviaed
look care of the life Hberlv »ml „. . ""^'''y' while It also
The city of Lond™ knd .1 Ve p^^^^ '""""'• "•
.lom secured. 26 Foreign trehatfwerr.f ' ""f "'^'"^^»-
England. 17. The Sgtlf aS I, 1^^^ ''' '". '"''"' '"
law. 18. This article decUtres that ^^^ \ "J ^"S"*
sold, nor delayed, nor dentd ^any tan ' irUnif L ' •°', "'
w^^U. he appointed and arhitra,/^,:",, J^ i^e'^ett^^o''^-
me?e:'a^dThrpr;:^;toTaur:f1l°e' rr/'"^ ^' «"""^-
ing heads: 1. ^The cf^msrce/ttt d fo iTV"" ""'°"-
the charter. 2. John's eo„d„cTnreere„ce to h. •'""■" "".
bafkbine Of E,°glisi; law. '"'""'"^'= °' ""> ^'-"«^. " ">«
ExEiiciSES.-l. Parse all the words in lh» f„.i •
tence: After signing the charter tT„ j following sen-
Windsor towards the sout '• '''"''' " "'"J'"'''"' f'""
2- Analyze the above.
co^ocrdfe, «-9„„,„e, provSZ *'"'""'»' ^'"''"""e,,^
won,:isrou°to" .7om,trrn:6r"«f r' ""' '°"->'"'"
«ec«re, trade, obey ' ' *^"'^' ''^^^' se^»e,/ree,
56
FIFTH READER.
THE BATTLE OF MORGARTEN.
llllfii
i liii
■» ;-i ;; ill-
11^^: *
If!- ;
ii
II
Bla'zoned stream'ers, long flags
embroidered w.ith figures and
names.
Defile', narrow path between
rocks.
Dell, narrow valley.
Lau'wine, avalanche.
Mien, appearance.
Prime, the highest condition of
health and beauty.
Strait, narrow pass.
Their own (voices), the echoes.
Unhelmed^ without his helmet.
Wine month, October.
In the year 1315 the Swiss had risen in rebellion against the rule of
Austria, who marched twenty thousand men Ijto their little country for
the purpose of utterly crushing them. The Swisn <!ould not meet the
Austrians in the open field, so they lay in ambusl> on both sides of the
narrow mountain pass of Morgarteu, which lies iJetween a lake and high
cliffs ; they also held b<<ih ends of the pass. When the Austrian army had
fairly entered the pass, the Swiss hurled rocks from the top of the high
clilfs, laming or killing the cavalry, and wounding many of the common
soldiers. Then those who held the ends of the pass a]'}>eared and attacked
the Austrians, and a terrible panic ensued. Most of the Austrians were
driven into the lake ; only a few escaped, among them the leader, Leo-
pold, Archduke of Austria. For the next seventy years no further at-
tempt was made to subdue the resolute mountaineers of Switzerlaml.
X. The wine month shone in its golden prime,
And the red gra})e8 clustering hung,
But a deeper sound through the Switzer's ^ clirae
Than tii? vintage music rung, —
A souKJ^ through vaulted cave,
A sound through echoing glen,
Like the hollow twell of a rushing wave ;
'T was the tread of steel-girt men.
2. And a trumpet pealing wild and far,
'Midst the ancient rocks was blown.
Till the Alps replied to that voice of war
With a thousand of theij own.
And through the forest glooms
Flashed helmets to the day,
And the winds were tossing knightly plumes,
in their play.
TEN.
;e.
lest condition of
jauty.
iSS.
jes), the echoes,
.bout bis helni«H.
)ctober.
;ain8t the rule of
little country for
uld nut meet the
both Bides of the
n a lake and high
kUBtrian army bad
9 top of the higli
y of the common
ared and attackeil
le Austrians were
n the leader, Loo-
ts no further at-
f Switzerland.
ime,
r's ^ clime
wave ;
len.
tr,
war
THE BATTLE OF MORGARTEN, 57
8. But a band, the noblest band of all,
Through the rude Morgarten » strait,
With blazoned streamers and lances tall,
Moved onward in princely state.
They came with heavy chains
For the race despised so long;
But amidst his Alp domains
The herdsman's arm is strong !
4. The sun was reddening the clouds of morn
When they entered the rock defile.
And shrill a5 a joyous hunter's horn
Their bugles rang the while.
But on the misty height, .
Where the raountaiu peoi)le stood,
There was stillness as of night,
When storms at distance brood.
night,
T plumes,
6. There was stillness as of deep dead
And a pause, — but not of fear, —
While the Switzers gazed on the gathering might
Of the hostile shield and spear.
On wound tho8(> columns bright
Between the lake and wood.
But they looked not to the misty height
Where the mountain people stood.
6 I'lie pass was- filled with their serried power,
All h( lined and mail-arrayed ;
And their stei)8 had so.mds lik. a tlnnder-shower
In the ru.stling forest shade.
There were j>riiice and crested knight,
Heniined in by cliff and flood.
When a sliout arose from i he mistv height
Where the mountain people stood.
il'ii
58
FIFTH HEADER.
m
II
^1
i Mi!
7. And tho mighty rockn came bounding down
1 iicir startled foes among,
With a joyous whirl from the summit thrown, -
^, the herdsman's ann is strong I
They came like lauwine hurled
From alp to alp' in play,
When the eehoes shout through the nuowy world,
And the pmes are borne away.
8. The fir woods crashed on the mountain side,
And tho Switzers rushed from hi.di,
With a sudden charge, on the flower and prida
Ut the Austrian chivalry :
I^ike hunters of the* deer
They stormed the narrow dell ;
And first in the shock, with T^i's * spear
Was the arm of William Tell.» *
9. There was tumult in the crowded strait,
And a cry of wild dismay.
And many a warrior met his fate
Prom a peasant's hand that day!
And the Empire's « banner then,
From its place of waving free.
Went down before the shepherd-men, —
The men of the Forest sea.*
10. With their pikes and massy clubs they brake
1 he cuirass and the shield ;
And the war-horse dashed to the reddening lake
i^ rom the reapers of the field.
. Thefield, — but not of sheaves
Proud crests and pennons lay
Strewn o'er it, thick as the beech-wood leaves
111 the autumn tein nest's way
59
THE BATTLE OF MOHGARTEN.
n. O, the sun in heaven fierce havoc viewed
When the Austrian turned to fly,
Ami the brave, in the trampling nmltitu
ila«I a fearful death to die!
And tiie leader of the war
At ev(^ unhehned was seen,
With a hurrying step on the wilds afar,
And a pale and troubled mien.
Went back from the battle toil
To their cabifi homos 'midst the deej, green hills,
-All burdened with royal s})oil.
There wer> son .8 and festal fires
When children ,„,,,,,. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^j^^^.^. ^.^,^^
h rom the ^ i VJ .^lorgarten fight.
NOTES.
1. Switzer.-This.'s a German form of Swi^x Th« t ii
Genna,. form is Sc/..e,:f.er. The Freuc" form LI'. J. ""
2. Morfirarten. a mountain slope on Lake Ler I'n m
eanton (or state) of Zu^r ^ ^S^*^'' *" '^»e
60
FIFTH READER.
THE SAILOR'S LIFK
A perilous life, and
sad as life may be,
Hath the lone fisher on
the lonely sea,
O'er the wild waters la-
boring far from home,
For some bleak pittance
e'er compelled to roam :
Few hearts to cheer him
through his dangerous
life,
.Vnd none to aid him in
the stormy strife.
Companion of the sea and silent air,
The lonely fisher thus must ever fare :
Without the cv/mfort hope, with scarce a friend,
TT„ 1 i.„ *u -1. i:^..
nak^l j^»«1«r is/k^ld 14*0 AYirl T
tttivi VXiij rr5.t-i3 iva -.st-
Barry OjmvjoU,
*%,
THE BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.
di
life, and
3 may be,
B fisher on
sea,
\ waters la-
from home,
ak pittance
led to roam :
to cheer him
3 dangerous
aid him in
rmy strife.
'riend,
vrry CcmwiU*
THE BATTLE OF OTTERBURX.
Achieved', brought to pass.
Cog'nizance, that by which one
is known (such as the crest or
arms on a shield).
Desert'ed, left by its holders.
Disas'trous, very unfortunate.
Enooun'ters, hostile meetings.
Enjoined', commanded.
Ensued', followed.
Impetuos'ity, eagerness amoant>
ing to rashness.
Pen'etrated, made his way iutOk
Sal'iled out, rushed out.
Tro'phy, prize taken in war.
1. In 1388 the Scottish nobles had detergiined upon
an invasion of England on a large scale, and had
assembled a great army for that purpose. But learning
that the people of Northumberland were raising an
army on the eastern frontier, they resolved to limit
their incursion to what might be achieved by the Earl
of Douglas with a chos.^n I iind
men.
'i »
»
■'$•
62
FIFTH READKR.
w„.„ ant ,:p:srr; --^r -''-'- -
Sir Henry a"a S r ? ?,"™»"'«™' ««»« 1»b two son,,
«P his fir ;i^^ ';L:;r'S r;,"T "-^
sliirmish « ith the Scots ' ^ ^ """*'' »"' "^
ana »r;'j'2 "D;;rsTtrst-r '-
possession of Hotspur's snear" ! ,1 , T'^^^'' S^°*
attached a small o^amlt of " k"o2 " ."""'f ""^
pearls, bearing the represent! io' ofTnon'T "'■'"
zance, as it is oallp.! \.f *i. « "' *"® ^^^^-
M '.bit ^"il:r. "•"■■"' ''•"•' »»■".
**.* / -^ -" *- ■**■•
THE BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.
68
mountaitioir:
va:: least ox-
f«Il upon the
ndering, and
vrhom Donir-
lis two sons,
he progress
Its; but the
ed Hotspur,
in Enghmcl,
threw them-
t important
nner, (Irew
lied out to
personally;
ruggle got
which was
iered with
the cogni-
?Ias shook
•d carry it
Daijceith.
to. I will
Scotland."
thoushalt
>urp
tie
!0f
i the
•oad, nin-
er. They
from the
In the middle of the night the alarm arose in the
Scottish camp that the English host were coming upon
them, and the moonlight showed the approach of Sir
Henry Percy, with a body of men superior in number
Uy that of Douglas. 5. He had already crossed the Reed
water, and was advancing towards the left flank of the
Scottish army. Douglas, not choosing to receive the
assault in that positi<,n, drew his men out of the camp
and, with a degree of military skill wldeh could scarcely
have been expected wiien his forces were of such an
undisciplined character, he aHogothor changed the po-
sition of the army, and i)resented his troops with their
tront to the advancing English.
6. Hotspur, in the meantime, marched his squadrons
through the deserted camp, where there were none left
but a few servants and stragglers of the army. The
mterruptions which the English troops met with threw
them a little into disorder, when the moon arisin<r
showed them the Scottish army, which thev had su,^
posed to be retreating, drawn up in complete order, and
prepared to %ht. '
The battle commenced with the greatest fury; for
Percy and Douglas were the two most distingui hed
soldiers of their time, and each army trusted^in e
courage and talents of its commander, whose names
were shouted on either side.
.bn, J?' ^'""^^ ^^"^ T'^ outnumbered, were at length
about to give way, when Douglas caused his banner to
advance, attended by his best men. He himself, shou^
ing his war-cry of « Douglas ! » rushed forward, clearing
'17Z "^'' !k' l'""^' ^' *"^ ^^^^^--' and breTk ing
mdel th"? '""'fT ^^ '^' '^'"-y- "« ^«"' «t length:
unde three mortal wounds, s. Had his death been
^ eueuiy, iiie event wouM probably have
64
PIFTH READEH,
ii'sni !'iiiir hiniii :
11:
llHi)
til
1
it
It
1
■J
1
decided ihe battle against the Scots; but the Unglish
knew only that some brave man-at-arms had fallen.
Meantime, the other Scottish nobles pressed forward,
and found their general dying among several of his
faithful esquires and pages, who lay slain around him.
A stout priest, called William of North Berwick, the
chaplain of Douglas, was protecting the body of his
wounded patron with a long lance.
9. "How fares it, cousin?" said Sinclair, the first
Scottish knight who came up to the expiring leader.
"Indifferently," answered Douglas.; "but, blessed be
God, my ancestors have died in fields of battle, not on
down beds. T sink fast ; but let them still cry my war-
cry, and conceal my death from my followers. There
was a tradition in our family that a dead Douglas
should win 1 field, and I trust it will this day be accom-
plished."
10. The nobles did as he had enjoined : they concealed
the Earl's body, and again rushed on to battle, shouting,
^' Douglas! Douglas! " louder than before. The English
were weakened by the loss of the brave brothers, Henry
and Ralph Percy, both of whom were made prisoners
fighting most gallantly ; and hardly any man of note
among the English escaped death or captivity.
11. The battle of Otterbuin was disastrous to the
leaders on both sides, — Hotspur being made captive
and Douglas slain on the field. It has been the sub^
ject of many songs and poems ; and the great historian
Froissart says that, with one exception, it was the best-
fought battle of that warlike time. sir Waiter Scott.
NOTES. •
Otterburn.- Burn is an old English word (jtill in use in
Scotlaiid) for 6rooA:. Tiie word is found in if offeorn (which
aiC^iit Did Suiii), iu iyuurn (a brook wiucH Joined the Kilbura),
It the l!nglish
fiad fallen,
issed forward,
several of his
around him.
Borwick, the
B body of his
lair, the first
•ing leader.
'Ut, blessed be
battle, not on
I cry my war-
wers. There
lead Douglas
lay be accom-
ley concealed
tie, shouting.
The English
>thers, Henry
de prisoners,
man of note
vity.
trous to the
lade captive,
>een the sub-
eat historian
^vas the best-
ir Walter Scott.
THE BATTLE OF OTTERS URN, gS
and Kilbwn, now the names of two suhmh- «* t .
Otterburn is a tributary of the Reed, which far„totl^.'T ""'
Prolssart (13;^7-1410). -He was I ^^^^F :^^^:,
and poet, who lived for a time at the court of Edwa d n 'J
1364 he paid a visit to the court of ScotlanH wj.«^ i
received by David ir. His '' ^1!^^:^^^: ^:;^:Z
and events of his time in France. Englandrand S otl id
Composition.- Write a short paper on '• Tlie Ka? n nu
burn " from tl»e following heads 1 F ,,1 n , ^^''''"
Newcastle 9 H« ic . 1 i '' Douglas nmreiies to
! cry of "Douglas' .'4. Douria, M ' tT, n"",":"'"' '""
ExEKCiSEs—i. Explain the following phrases- (1) Tl,.„
resolved to limit their inrursiou to what min^ht i^.h , !"
tl,eEarlor Douglas wi„, four or Ave ttl^^uS," "^T i^^,';
hvas the cognizance of the Percvs .'^i Hnn^i. "a I
'^S:htL:e;'yar' rtptlv'/ty'^" '■'^" "' "^ -°"« "'=
pence, i \valked my horse up and down ")
•5. Analyze the above sentence
^eted'eitW T ''' "'"'' '"'"' ''^^'°»« ^" "^« ^«>-^'« that may
^^e^used e,thei as nouns or as verbs; such as purpose, peojZ
«« a„d/e«, .,-, a„U .,. .r.-.. ^aXlfen^anrL;:''' '•"«'
jtill !n use in
^olhorn (which
itheKilbum).
#1
66
FIFTH RKADEn.
m' 'I',
llfii
1 '
I'M
J»
ALCOHOL.
Ab'stinenoe (from Lat. ah, away
from, and tento, 1 hold), keep-
ing or holding quite away from
a thing.
Aiir^Jm'ilate (from Lat. similis,
like), to maho like Itself, or
take in and ai.orb.
Au'riole 'from L; .'. miris, an ear),
a part uf the h art shaped like
the ear.
Bev'erage (from O, Fr. bevie, r >
drink, Lat. biben\ something
to drink.
Cap'illary (from Lat. mpillua, a
hair), hair-like in nature.
Car'bot). {ttr-y Lat. cartx,, a coal),
♦■be subs' nice which forms a
very largo part of coal,
Ca-ir'ttif*? (f^oia Lat, cai^us, hol-
Diafev'te'iU'j, (from Lat sliHa,a
«ii fi! ', % proc S3 which reduce*
»*al)siain3e to a liquid form,
tm-m it into vapor, and then '
condenses it back into a liquid I
drf^p by t/wp. I
Hydrogen (from Gr. Jim/or,
water), an extremely light gas,
which, in composition with
oxygen, f m-s .vaf.^ r.
Ox'ygen (frr,;n Or. otix, «<haj(,,,
the gas vi'hiei forrns c*ue i'ifu.
o' urdi M,Mj ii<v.
Pcral'yjig frorn Gr. parafus:,
*oo8eniiig,v
Promote' (fr^m Lat.;»ro, forward
aj (1 moveo, I move), to urge
forAViijtI.
Propel' (from J,at. pro, forward,
Hmipd/n, 1 drive), to p;wl, for-
'."Ard.
Putrefeo'tJon (ircnn hat. /n-i.-jf,
v;)tti ;. and J '-ere, t',o make).
Ham'ifj ifroai iat. mmm, a
branch), to spread as a branch
• .-jreads.
Stim'ulant (from Lat. stimvhiD. ;i
spur i, that which is capable of
'.xcitiHg,
Veu'tricia (troui Lat. renter, the
8torc8A:V\ a part of the heart
lu shapt !ike a stomach.
1 The word alcohol* is an Arabic word which means
something burnt to powder. It is now used to signify
pure or ardent ~{hni is, hurning — B\AYit. It is ob-
tained b} distillation from beer, wine, and many other
liquids It is also obtained in the In^-gest quantities from
those solids which contain the lar^^est amount of sugar
or of starch, such, for instance, aj; sugar-cane and grain.
It is Lghter in weight than water, boils much more
* Tee prefix a/ is the Arebic for the; nnd we find it in Alc<yran
(- the Koran), algttnn (=. the art of signP), Ugnazil (= the watchman)
Ihe word probably came to us ironi the Mooi-a, vho held most of Spain
irom the beginning of tljc eighiL to the <-ad oC the fifteenth cGnturr
ALCOHOL.
67
Tom Gr. hud or,
ttreiaely light gas,
composition with
.'« ".vttt.i.r.
Or. oxv^\ lUart),
•'h forms one iiti'v
ii Or parulmu, :,
Jjat.jtro, forward
i move), to urge
f,at. pro, forward,
rive), toyMl for-
trojR hat. pt^fi'Jp,
'(•e?!?, CO make).
iat. rnimis, a
tread as a branch
H Lat. stlmvluK, a
tiich 18 capable of
I Lat. renter, the
art of the heart
I stomach.
which means
Bd to signify
t. It is ob-
niany other
antities from
unt of sugar
le and grain.
much more
i it in Alcoran
the watchman).
i most of Spain
easily, — that is, by the application of less heat, — and it
cannot he frozen except by a cold of which, in even far
northern countries, there is little experience. Cold as
low as -1G6 degrees of Fahrenheit has been applied
and It has not frozen. 2. It ha. ilso the property of
Pioventmg putrefaction, --that is, of keeping animal
UKl vegetable bodies from decaying; and hence .scien-
tific men use it to preserve si)ecimen8 of animals, or of
parts of animals m bottles, as we see them in museums.
It IS quite colorless; and, if a light is applied to it, it
burns away with a very small amount of smoke. In the
fonn of spirits of Avine it is frequently used by chemists
and others in experiments, and is burned by them in a
sj)int-lamp. ''
a Chemists tell us th.t water consists of two atoms of
hydrogen and one of oxygen. They also tell us that
a coliol consists of six atoms of hydrogen, two of carbon
and one of oxygen. Thus m'c see that alcohol differ
from water in having three times as much hydrogen in
It, and m the possession of two atoms of carbon, which
water does not possess at all.
4. Alcohol is a substance which, when too much of it
has been received into the stomach, takes away from
human beings the power of rightly using their hands
^•nns, legs, eyes, and organs of speech. ' At first, and
when taken in moderate doses, it acts as a stim^l.^
and gives these parts of the body greater j,ower; but
ends b> destroying a part -sometimes a large part
-of the control which the mind has, or ough tt
have, over the liuibs and ,>owers of the bodv. Th
.dogs^ nearly always to produce „aralvsis. or W
vx po.er, m the hind legs. e. The amount of alcohoi
ili^
68
FIFTH READER.
Wi
m
III
Nl
iiii
m different liquors varies very much, from the weakest
small beer up to the strongest rum. If we examine
liquors by measure, — or, as it is called, by volume,
—■we shall find that, out of a hundred "volumes" of
rum, 77 are pure alcohol. Whiskey and brandy come
next in strength, and may contain from 60 to 60 per
cent. Port and sherry contain from 16 to 25 per cent. ;
claret, from 10 to 17 per cent.; and ordinary alo, from'
3 to 5 per cent.
6. Persistent drinking of alcohol, whether in its
weaker or in its stronger forms, even if it never goes so
far as to take away the power of using our limbs rightly
and accurately, slowly but surely undermines the health,
and makes the internal oigans, such as the stomach, the *
brain, and the liver, less and less able to perform their
l^roper work. The blood, when examined by a micro-
scope, is seen to be formed of little cells called corpuscles.
These corpuscles, in the blood of a man who drinks
much alcohol, are found to be very much changed in
character and shape. 7. Even the brain itself, designed
by our Creator to control our bodies and direct our course
of action in relation to time and eternity, becomes altered
in its structure by the use of alcohol. How unwise it
18 to pollute the "stream of life" and seriously injure
the seat of intellect in order to get a little temporary
stimulation ! But if a drink is required merely for the
l)urpose of refreshing and of enabling the b, \j to get
through a larger amount of labor, one which may be
liighly recommended is a mixture of oatmeal and water.
8. When alcohol or alcoholic drinks are taken intft
the stomach, they are at once absorbed or taken up by ■.
thousands of exceedingly small blood-vessels, termed
capillaries, which run through every part of its walls.
When these have absorbed the alcohol, they transmit
ALCOHOL. gg
I2l*M ^T '''7'^-'«'««'» "f the liver, and into the
Itarger blood-vessels or veins, and thence into the heart.
The heart ,s the strong muscular organ or force-pump
wh,ch p,.pels the blood through every part of tZ
body It ,9 divided into two parts, each of which
consists of two hollow chambers or cavities. oL „f
pure blood from the lungs and passes it on in.o the
her cavity, called the left .euMcU ; from tlii 1 u
ck It IS propelled or forced into the arteries. .Thus
ll T"u """ "■" '"S" P'P«» ^hich carry the bCd
from tie heart, while the veins are the pipes wWch
carry It back to the heart. Connecting these two
already ,aid, a number of very small vessels, called
capillaries, some so small that only the- microsco.« can
show them, through which the blood Z2us Z
tweeii the arteries and the veins. The blood whi^
comes from the veins of the body is forced by the rieht
ventricle of the heart into the lungs, wher/ t p^ts
through an intricate network of cfpillaries I^^:
lungs It comes m contact with the air, which take.
;sr th"' "'":," °^^«^" *- ««4e -dt'
purihes It. Then, in this pnrified state, it goes back
a^t it of thf b?/ f 'r ' """'' p-p» '"
Z n 1^1 f. " '"''^"™ "' *"* of nourishment.
Again, all the venous or impure blood th,t
', ''"f ' "''""h ■"»>■ be compared to a kind of ^eve
placed between the stomach and the heart T,,.? Tu
"e^rttf ■'':""""■- °^ «"-"- Xnw
ven whL:"-r k"' "" '"''•''*y»f ™''» branched
.Y™; *r'' ?""fy about every part of it. and in wh,-„K
-= ..uo« IS cieansed, and has the bile secreted from'it.'
i
■(•!
%
mi\
mi
i
r ,
1- \
1
70
rrm/ RETiDER,
Then, when the bloo I has jiassed through the minute
/essels of the liver, it is passed buck iiito\he right side
of the heart by one huge trunk or main pipe, which
collects it from the smaller vessels, ii. The whole of
the blood flows round and round the body several
hundred Liily, through skin and muscle and
nerv^ v . u, m a journey of perpetual motion, — a
joui'iioy that is never ending, still beginning.
Ail, or nearly all, the alcohol which a person drinks,
then, is sucked into or absorbed by the blood, carried on
to the liver, to the heflt^ »>• \ to the lungs ; then back to
the heart again, ., .„en now disulbutes it all over the
body. 12. Every beat of the heart — an organ which ha.-
been well compared to a force-pumi) — <iri ves the blood,
with the alcohol in it, through these networks of ex-
tremely fine capillaries. The effect of alcohol on tlie
heart is to make it beat faster, and so to make it do more
work in a given time. If liquors which contain four
ounces of alcohol be taken in the course of a day, the
action of the heart \\'A\ be increased so much that in the
course of the twcnty-iour hours it will hv • done more
work tlian usual, to the extent, it lias been calculated, of
liMng fourteen tons to the height of one foot, i- In a
grown-up man the heart beats on an average ahout 73
tinjes in each minute ; that is, 4,H^0 strokes an hour, and
105,120 strokes ia the twenty-four hours. But if alco^
hoi is taken, whether in the form of beer or of wine,
the niir \ber of heart-1 ats is it cieased, and the heart is
compeli.d to do more work. Every four ounces - ' alco-
hol taken in the twenty-four iiours increases the number
of 'eart Je..i8 by mor than 12, 00; nnd this number
of beats, regarded as work done, — wJ;ich it reanyis,—
is equal to raising four en tons of ston^^ to tl height
of one foot, or on* ^n n+' tnrp t <. ffio hoirri
ALCOHOL.
fh the minute
the right sido
I ]upe, which
The whole of
body several
muscle and
1 motion, — a
tig.
erson drinks,
)d, carried on
then back to
all over the
an which ha.«
es the blood,
works of ex-
johol on the
ke it do more
contain four
)f a day, the
h that in the
' done more
ialculated, of
)ot. in. In a
ge about 73
an ht)ur, and
But if alco«
' or of wine,
the heart is
tices ' alco-
the number
this number
- rea lyis, —
:> tl height
71
H,!
feet M. Thus ,t ,s that ■ „,a„ accu8ton.,.<1 to drh.k
n imn„„lerate quantity ,.e|, weary and cxhau "l
Hut n„ „, , „ ,he whole body fool wearra ft"; t^o
."u<-h alo.,h„ ; the heart itself become, e„f/cbed™d
-<.t fo,. «.„,k. Then, the usual eustom is tolH
""'■'■ ='l™''"'.-t'> whi,. and spur it to do moreTork
n U .•" ■ "'."' *'''™ *° «''"P »nd spur a horse
lh.a had been hunting all day to make him sal^n
home without g,vmg him water, or cats, or rest.^ ^
.». The best physicians now tell us that alcohol
though for the moment a stimulant, is, in the lont nm'
tsaitonoi ijut the weariness which comes from
^^loohol ,8 not a health, weariness. Exercise rH!.?
qnickon the .notion of the blood; e'erTpart o \^^^^^
^- y .s thrown into agreeable movementTthe worn out
and nsHess matter of the body is thrown off .5
.m.,kes,c^p ,,,,,, „.,, ,,;:^:v:h "S
™nthroughthellrSuler:.';^,tt:' Ttf'
iunrns which hpln nfl ♦« " » "»«8 our iitc , through the
wlifch itse rem Ls \^7T\ '^""'«^ '""^ '"•"'«.
tl.e liver, wmT fetuses -he brd""^^™''' "" ' «''
>.eys, which distil In "ids .tl; T,f ' ' ''''•
v.-hich .rentes new blo^d n TslT^'^l '"""*"'••
becnma »„..i..-^ " .-.."• ".then, these fine vessels
..==:.c^..a, tne s,,i,,s of them ometimee give
72
FIFTH HEADER.
way, ami tlicy ])urnt like frozen i>ijK's during a thaw.
Then the hlood ovei-nows into tlie brain or the lungs, or
into whatever organ the tine vesHel is at work in, and
the life of the person is endangered. It is a well-ascer-
tained fact, that persons who are in the habit of drinkint.'
alcohol cannot resist the extremes of heat and cold so
well as those who have accustomed themselves to ber-
erages which are entirely free from alcoholic spirit.
This i proved by the experience of sailors who have
been on AvvXw voyages, where tlu' temperature is for
the most part below zero; and is also proved by the
daily experience of these who live in tropical countries,
where strict temperance, or, better still, complete
abstinence, is the best condition for maintaining life,
health, and happiness.
18. From the above considerations we may learn that
alcohol is injurious to tlie most important of our vit.il
organs, the stomach and the brain ; that it vitiates the
blood on which every part of the body has to depeiyl
for support and growth ; and that it frequently wrecks
the health, the prosperity, the happiness, and the life of
individuals and of whole families. a, 8. Day.
•iiig a thaw,
he lung8, or
^'ork ill, and
ft well-a8cc»r-
of driukinL'
and cold nd
Ives to hvr-
lolic spirit.
N who have
iture is for
ved by tho
1 countries,
, cotnpk'tc
aining life,
r learn that
i our vitjil
Initiates th(
to depeivJ
itly wrecks
I the life of
J. a. Day.
V
%
M
:M.^.:
T8
THK HLAlliLK-BRE.
Ad'der'B-tongue. a fern very imioh like the
AK'rimony. ,i wild ,,la„t wUh muhII ym„w
tl'uers, luivh.K a ploaaaiit Hiiiell and a
b.tter Uisie.
Bass, the ileop notes in ra;wic.
Catcii'fly, a plant, tl.f leaf t.f'wl.ich f..],lB im
«n.l encloses any Hy n.at „,Hy aliuht
on it. *
Ool'umbine, a plant so called fron. its fan-
clediosen.blan....tuudove; lAMncoUunU,.
Crone tor rr„«/y. - a friend and companion.
Dat'lodels, »ilow aom'v„ of the lily trib,. •
from the (Jr. mplmMon. Conunonly spelt
Epicure'ftn. lu-rc Epiou'rean. a l-.vor of
•lainties and pleasure.
Hori'aon. the line that bounds the vi«w
whor« the earth and sky appear to n>eet.
Ma'ple-sap. the juice of the maple, from
wliich sugar may be made.
Mel'low, soft, quite without harshness.
Porto Rique, Porto Rico, an island in tho
« est indies.
Subtle, penetrating unpercelveil (the b not
Unsa'vory, having an unpleasant taste.
1. liurly, dozing humble-bee!
Where thou art is clime for me ;
'-t^.^i
j«f^-
:=><..
■Sf»*'<f?«iZJt,
.., .„^- ,;;:vyY««;4^riC;4£«f
T4
FIFTH HEADHR.
let them hmI! for Porto \{\^^^^xe,
Far-off heats throuirh seas to M'ek,^
I M'ill follow thee alone,
Thou animated tornd zone!
^Jgzag steerer, desert eheerer,
Let me chase thy waving lines '
Keep me nearer, me thy hearer,
•Slugging- over shrubs and vines.
2 Insect lover of the sun,
Joy of thy dominion!
Sailor of the atmosphere !
Swimmer throuirh tl,,. waves of air?
Voyager of light and n(.,,u I
Kpicurean of Jum»!
Wait, I prithee, Mil \ come
Withm earsh')t iA' thy hum,—
AW without is martyrdom.'
8. When the south-wind, in May davs.
VVith H net of shining haze
Silvers the horizon wall,
And, with softness touching all,
lints the human countenance
With a color of romance,
And, infubing subtle heats,
Turns the sod to violets,
Thou, in sunny solitudes,
I fever of the underwoods.
The green silence dost displace
With thy mellow, breezy l)as8.
4. Hot Midsummer's petted crone,
Sweet to me thy drowsy tone;
THE HUMBLE-DEE.
Tells of countless sunny houre,
Long days, and solid banks of flowers ;
Of p^ulfs of sweetness without bound
In Indian wildernesses found ;
Of Syrian peace, immortal leisure,
Firmest cheer, and bird-like pleasure.
». Aught unsavory or unclean
Hath my insect never seen ;
But violets and bilberry bells.
Maple-sap and daffodeis.
Grass with green flag half-mast hicdi,
Succory to match the sky.
Columbine with horn of honev,
Scented fern, and ai^iimony^ '
Clover, catchfly, adder's-to'ngue,
And brier-roses, dwelt among;
All beside was unknown waste.
All was picture as he passed.
I. Wiser far than human seer.
Yellow-breeched philosopher!
Seeing only what is fair,
Sipping only what is sweet.
Thou dost mock at fate and 'care
We the chaff and take the wheat.
When the fierce northwestern blast
Cools sea and land so far and fast,
i hou already slumberest deep ;
VVoo and want thou canst outsleep ; *
VV ant and woe, which torture us,
^% sleep makes ridiculous.
Kntt-raim.
• The b«e He, partlaUy torpid all through the winter.
76
76
FIFTH READER.
ExEKciSE -Explain the following phrases: (1) Thou ani
mated torrid zone. (2) Sailor of the atmosphere llTrur^'
he sod to violets. (4) The g.een silence dost Iplae 5
Immortal leisure. (G) Leave the chaff and take the wheat ^
!!' ■■"'
ii
i
THE BATTLES OF CKESSV AND POITIERS
1346 AND 1356.
Car'nage, slaughte-, dead bodies.
Chap'Iet, a garland or wreath for
the head.
Chiv'alrouB, daring, brave.
Oopse, a wood of small growth for
cutting ; from the Greek kopto,
to cut.
Exem'pllfy, to show by exam-
ple.
Im'minent, near at hand.
In'oident, an event.
Involve', to include.
Mediaa'val, relating to the middle
ages ; from the Latin medius,
middle, and mvutn, an age.
Or'iflamme, the ancient royal
standard of France ; from the
Latin aurum, gold, anA ftamma,
a flame.
Palm, a tree. Branches of palm
were carried as a sign of victory.
Prowess, bravery.
Kail'lery, mockery.
Rav'aKe, to lay waste.
Relinquish, to give up.
Soru'ple, hesitation in deciding or
acting; it means literally a
small, sharp, rough stone.
Vir'tually, really, though not ap-
parently.
The pupils should refer to a historical map of Prance whll« r«.H.
this lesson. They would also be greatly assisted in nL !f '^
battle by drawing a plan of it on the bLckboTrr^^ understanding h
1. The two- great events of the life of Edward tho
Black Prince, those which made him famous in war
were the two great battles of Cressy and Poitiers [
will not now go into the origin of the war, of which
these two battles formed the turning-points It is
enough for us to remember that the war was under-
aken by Edvvard III. to gain the crown of France, and
the claim to the crown through his mother,^ which he had
before solemnly relinquished, he now resumed to satisfy
the scruples of his allies, the citizens of Ghent who
thought that their oath of allegiance to the " KiU of
es: (1) Thou ani-
»sphere. (3) Turns
dost displace. (6)
;ake the wlieat.
D POITIERS.
the ancient royal
>f France ; from the
»H, gold, SLndflamma,
. Branches of palm
id as a sign of victory.
»very.
)ckery.
ly waste,
to give up.
tatlon In deciding or
means literally a
P, rough stone,
ally, though not ap-
rance while reading
in understanding :i
>f Edward tho
arnous in war.
id Poitiers. I
war, of whicli
points. It is
ar was under-
3f France, and
' which he had
tned to satisfy
f Ghent, who
the « Kinff of
BATTLES OF CRESS Y AND POITIERS. 77
ranee** would be redeemed if their leader did but
•ear the name.
2. And now, first, for Cressy. I shall not undertake
io describe the whoie fight, but shall call your attention
briefly to the questions which every one ought to ask
imself, if he wishes to understand anything whatever
ibout a battle. First, where was it fought ? '^ Secondl v
^'hy wa« it fought? Thirdly, how was it won? And
ourthly, what was the result of it ? And to this I must
idd, m the present instance, what i)art was taken in
t by the prince, now following his father as a young
tmght m his first great campaign. 3. The first of these
[uestions mvolves the second also. If we make out
here a battle was fought, we usually can tell why it
as tought. This is one of the many i>roofs of the use
i learning geo.gi-aphy along with history. One helps
IS to understand the other. After ravaging Normandy,
iud penetrating to the very gates of Paris, Edward was
•etreatin^^ towards Fiander., when he was overtaken
)y the l^rench king, PhiH,,, ,vho, with an immense
nny, had determined co cut him off entirely, and so
put an end to the war.
4. With difficulty, and by the happy accident of a low
iide, he crossed the nu.uth of the Somme, and found
^nnse f m his own maternal inheritance of Ponthieu
m- that special reason he encamped near the forest
•t Cressy, fifteen miles east of Abbeville. " I am " he
-"d, '^on the right heritage of madam, my mother,
hich was given her ,n dowry; I will defend it agains
tnt nil ?'.';• Y' '"" ^^""^''"^ ^"^ remarkable
Aont nuidi better when we know at what time of the
lav ni* iiiirVit
>ii luis ocGmiim such a
78
i'nmi HEADER.
knowledge is of great importance, because it h.l
at unco to answer the question we asH Vi^ "'
the batte won^ « Th« v V '^^'^'^» — How was
from AobevilVa J h.,.rif .""'^ \^ ''<'™"-"
•iiiny, swelled by the R,„m.. '■°'"'' *''<
"-I .hinki„„^'hey w" o«'".- f rt""""^' ""•"• ^«'"^*-
K.eneh ki„; chieHv -^'^ V"''^' What , I,,
nun,..,.) .^, the ? „„ of fiC .'T'"- '™ ^'-'
men from Genm • Tl,i thousand eiossbow-
wiK.nj„,tttr^^en^,r:::'::r'r''^'""'' '" ''-•'
one „f ,lK«c extiaorfi; . V ". " *" '"'"' l''••"■^■•
"ften t„n. the ^trt:i::ttjrzt '"""
"f human life in g<.nei-,l , a " , * '^"'"^
5,'athei-ed from the «^.. n! i i , • "'■"'^''ous sto, ,„
"»<' i.»i>, on the :.m"^ ;■ ..t" ;■ "• !""""-•- -Kl rain,
'''•0W8 and ravens whipJ, «..*♦ «^/ "\ "*>•»' •^t' enes ot
-^ «.uek terro/iia ,"r;:;' ,:*'■•;; ^"0 stonn,
>vho wcv iinaeoustomed 1 ,k '"'"'" ''owmen.
When at last thelrht .^^^ ^^T "■"""'^'"•
paring the,,- eros,I,„„.; to .hooT !», 1 „ "•■ "'"■•" l'"-
the .'ven nir sun Htrf..»,w..i ^ * • . . ^^-^ ""^ time
hiaek elou,t « th "^^ ," L"' •"" T'-^''-'^'' -"'• "'<•
'""I ■•" the .ame mome m tl . /' v? ^^' '" ""'"' f"""^'
kept their bows i " 1 ^ "'"t'' '"''^'"'- *•"'>««'
Iheir strings dr^ l", «?,,""« "'" "'"™' »"" - ha.)
n.nt thoselho we e pUt '''7r "" '""' '■"«' *'«''
BA TTLES OF CRKSSV AND POITIERS. 79
from that moment the panic and confusion were so
great that the rlay was lost.
». But though tlie storm, the sun, and the archers
Jiad their jmrt, we must not forget the prince. He was
we must remen.be-, only sixteen, and y.t he had the
comn.and ot the whole Knglish anny. Tt is said that
the reas<Mi of th.s was, that the king of France had been
so bent on destroying the English forces that he had
hoisted the sacred banner of France, -the great s<.arlet
ilv^^ en,bro,dn-ed with golden lilies, called the oritlammt^
--as a Hgn that n„ ,,„arter M^ould be given ; and th-i
when Kn.gKdward saw this, and sa; the 'hazin^^
^v nch he should expose not only the annv, but the
whole kn^gdom, if he were to fall in battl.: he deter-
mined to g,ve the c(m.mand to his sen. ,0. On the too
«t a wmd.nill, of which the soIi<l tow<.r is still to be seen
on the ridge overhanging the «eM, the kin^^ for what-
ever reason, remainc<l bareheaded, whilst' tlu- vonn<r
I'nnce, who had been knighted a n.onth before,' we.a
forward with his companions in arms into the verv thick
< the ray. VV^H-n his lather saw that the victo!.';::.:
^ ' unlly gan...d, he forbore to interfere. "Lei the
|lnM w.n frls .pur.^ he said, in words u nich have since
.m>.ne a proverb, " a.nUet tf.e day he kUP The ,>rince
^^.«s at one moment in very great danger: he was
bounded ;md thrown t<Mhegroi^^^^^^
oA\ ales, throwing the banner over him as he lav on
"The assailants were driven back, and far throu<d.
> - ong .mn.ner evening, and deep into the sunmier
tiiui rue i^nnoo o«w i.: • ,. . - .
^ ■ ''"'■ ^'^ ^"''"paiiiouH halted from their
m
80
FIFTH REAnER.
imrsnit; „„d then t.ugo flres n„<l tc^he. were lit up
that tlio king might sec where they were Thpn .. „u
I aeo that touching interview betw'eerthn fa ™ ' :'
the son; the king c„,braci„g the boy i„ fron Jf .,,«
whole army by the re<1 light of the blazing fi."' .^'.t^
«ay.ng, "Sweet son, O0.I give y„„ g„„,, ,,e^o'erance
rrnfti^ou^;;^:™:,;^ -/-'-'»--•"
J? *i . -^ "^ j'""tt, aitei tJie reverential inrmnpr
"f tho»e tnnes, "bowe,l to the groun.I, an,l ^^6^1
he honor to the king, hi. father." The „ v dTth
k-g walked over the field of carnage with ep^i^'
:b,tSe;^''"' '''"'' •^''''"'''"'""'^^''^'-^^^^^^^
The results of the battle were (ho deliverance of the
English army fro.n a m,„t imminent dan.o, , ,;, .Z
eoiiquest of Calais, which the kin., iniin' li. J
-ged, and after a time won, and ' w:i r :^ ^^^.j' ;
the iJossessioii of the English from (Icit ,].„• ,„ •
of Queen Mary. '''^ '" ""-' '"'K"
1.x And now '^■^ pass „v<.r tei, veai-s, and find the
rtK''"'f "" "■" ^'^'^ '"' ''-"'i--'™- Again w „ ,t
oth- •■'«::?":, "":■ ""■',•■ »'• ""-v •''- ""«>^ «
lougnt." He was this time a one His fitlw... h i
J-., war had roiled on since the battle'rf < 'Z'/^lt
ingand. Bu, in other respects the begiimi, .l' "f „
fight wi,s very like tha, of Cre..y. u. Gasc^-iiy ^ C^^
to hm, l,,v riglM, ai„l from this he made a descent Uuo
the neighboring ,,roviiice8, an.l was on his retiiri ho
when the king of Frai„..._.T„hn, the son of Phi ,"
I'ursuedhm, as Philip l,a,| pursued Kdward II and
..xluidel l„r many miles south of ,l,c city ,.f Poitic,.,
it was the third great baule fought i„ that uei^hb'r:
liATTLEs OF CliESSY AND POITIEHS. 81
hood The first was that in which Clovis' dotVated
the Goths, and established the faith in the creed of
Athanasius throughout Europe; the second was that
ill which diaries iMartel drove back the Saracens,' and
>.aved Kuro])c from iMohaniinedanisin ; this, tlie third bat-
tle, was the most brilliant of English victories over thc^
Wench. 15. The spot, which is about six miles so ,th
of Poitiers, 18 still known by the name of the "Battle-
field. Its features are very slightly marked,- two
ndges of rising ground, parted by a gentle hollow.
Behind the highest of these two ridges is a large tract
of copse and underwood, and leading up to it from the
hollow 18 a somewhat steep lane, there shut in by woods
and vines on each side. It was on this ridge that the
pnncc had taken up his position, and it was solely bv
the good use which he made of this position that th*e
victory was won. i6. The French army was arranged
on the other side of the hollow, in three great divisions,
ot winch the king s was the hindmost. The farmhouse
which marks the spot where this division was posted, is
visible from the walls of Poitie,^. It was on Mond.;v,
.Sej. ember 19, 1356, at 9 a.m., that the battle began!
AJl the day had been taken up by the fruitless endeav-
oi-s of Cardinal Talleyrand to save bloodshed bv brin-
»ng the king and prince to terms.
n. The prince offered to give up all the castles and
prisoners he had taken, and to swear not to fi.rht in
litai ot nothing but his absolute surrender of himself
and his army on the spot. The Cardinal labored till
he veiy last moment, and then rode back to Poitiei-s
mvmg equally offended both sides. i«. The ctorv of
tne battle, if we remember the position of tb^ a.-;no
- ^uiu m a moment. The prince remained firm in hii
d2
I'JFTIl UEAI)b:it,
Citl;,,''''' V""") •■''"'•«^'' "'"' "'""■ ""-'»> chiva..
each ,Klo, |,.t H, t,,,i,. „,,o„,,.,, ,f ,, ;'^ ^"'le'-- °"
I" «« instant the l,„,o w:.., clmked h .'i, T ^ ""•'•
an,l scoon,! .livi.ions fl«l i„ the wildej, 2,:;, u ,
.^.stn,g,.i,hed f,.„n. ,.11 othLby he , . ^l^
-:o^r;!::n^z:r "■-■-- c.:l£
a.. In the evening after the L.ttUs the prinee .rave ■,
"t; ^e'r St r '■"■ ^^--^-k -<i to::.
ui me gieat lords that were i)nsoneis Th^ ...•
iuius, Knignts, and s<iuires at the othpi-s omJ fi
uiwa^s sened the kiin; very hiinil>Jv .ii,/i ,.. u
at thp Im»,,v. ♦ 11 ; , "^ ""'""'>»''»<' would not sh
at the knigs table, although re(,ue8ted to do so H
Baid he was not quali«e<l to sit at 'the table with o'cn.^
a prmce as the king was. .,. Then he .Jf.Z f::']
liA TTLKS OF CHESSY AND POlTIEliS. 83
-Sir, for God's sake make no Imd cheer, though vour
w.U was not am,n,,.lisho<l this day; for, nir, the king,
iny father w.Il certainly hc-stcnv npon you as ,nuch friend!
«hi,» and honor as f.e can, and will agree with you so
reasonably that you will ever after be frien.ls And
sn-, I think you ou,: t to rejoice, though the battle bj
not as ymx wdl, for you have thiM <lav gained the hi-d,
lumor of prowess, and have .surpassed 'all others on your
side m valor. Sir, I say not this in raillery, for all our
party, who saw every man's d(.(.,l.s, agree in this, and
give you the palm and chaplet." Therewith the French-
men whispered among themselves that the prince had
.spoken nobly, and that most i)robably he would prove
a great hero, if God i>reserved his life to persevere in
such good fortune.
nean Sfnnley (^lu/aphd),
NOTES.
1. The motl.er of Echvard III. was a <la»-hter of Philip ly •
he .e.gnlng king. Philip VI., was only his nephew, and Edward
2 Phm^'vr''^' ''' ;r""'^'^' ^' '' S'-^'"'-"' -« a nearer h"r
Philip IV' ''^' '''" "^ "'*^ ^'°""^ "^ ^'^'"'«' '^'•°^''«'- of
.J. Abheville is near the month of the river Somme.
pict, "li?" " J'""" '*^*'' ^''^ ^'"S' "^^^^ frequently to hire for-
eign so d.ers when they could not raise men'enoi.gh at home
0. Through Eleanor of Provence, wife of Ilenr^ III.
6. Clovis I., King of the Franks in 5U7. The Goths were %
Scandinavian people; the Ostrogoths were the easter and the
Visigoths the western branch.
7. The Moors, or Saracens, held rule In Spain from the
SUMMARY.
1. Edward the Black Prince became famous chiefly through
e two great battles of Cressy and Poitiers. 2. Edward Tl
I'ad a claim on the throne of Fmnp« .h....,„i. u". * .^ "*
o. Edward, after ravaging Normaiuly; wa^'t^t^ti^^ ih^
'»
84
PjPTir fiKAnKH.
i>owsdrv,n ""^"^,®yes; and the Entrlisi, .1, ^ ^enoes..,
therefore kC Fd! , "''"^'"-e, as a s(..,^", ,„*• ^'"' "">« <"
Jl.e Prince ,„ .|,ro«.„ to Sl™^"'^ T ""'""' '»'<»^° T
ne Beaumont. 12, ti,. p "! *;™""''' "'"I »as saved liv Bui, ,'
^en years after, the BlacS r i ^ l^.'^'f V' ^"^«" ^^^ U
^o,lU waa returning home i- ° " ''*" ^"'^''^ °^ ^'o't'^'-^
jK«ltio„onarIdge,theonlyroa,I 1 .f P''^"^^ ^ook up hi
J7. The battle beiran If o / "'•^'' '» wliioh was a sfp^,. .
butai.«,:,:"fX^^^ '«k<-". ami not to figl.t L ''"'^«''
The ??tv.r ' f ^^'^ demanded uncondif/Il , ''''"'" y^ars,
* * ' '•^='^^. charged ud fho i„^ ""^onoitional surrender m
theu.««„y,,J„,;P ^'o 'ane; the English l.o„ra"n kni^i
"Panle ..,«,„ t,,e F^.ch a^,' ""- "''r-hoke'l »i.h the deaf
>ias taken prisoner- anrt fi ^', '"'"■'*'™s fled; Kino, i ,
■"■'"ek. 21. The Black p'° "•"'"'' ••"''"'• «as over «*.«'"
Composition. -From fhp f n ^'^g John atsupper
^ ^*»- as the foreat of Ci^^.
Battles v *'Rf:ssy and poitiers, aS
4. Turns to faco the Frenfh »; v^„. i
»i»l (light k.pt up . ill f»r i„i tue nSh? Tr " i. ."""""
of the prill ■. 'uenignt. 10. 1 r, .mphaut return
5. Writ. «„ oxe.^l«. a, dZled '" J. "7 ' ","»""••
»ub,tlt„l„« „.„„„ an, 6„«Wor .„r"/, „" *' "»«'' ''' ""'
sail. 2. Ihe pr„,ce-, ir„„p, „„„ , « >«*«
I c o,e a purple pattern on a gray „rou,ul. 3. nTvrelZZtt
'lorie,. 5. The Kre,:ch cAar^i up tSe Z TU , T", ""'"''
»ix,«„ce for carrying „:y ba^o t.^' "^Ilo" ' "" '■""'•^"'
iorte:,t;,:rrpr oi-^r^ef ''^"^™" "'^ --"
---''^^t<r^^-:-w^-.
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86
FIFTH HEADER.
EBWlNi AND PATTTTMTTo .
VFR^rnAT^i ^^^^" ™*^ CON-
VmSlO^ OF NORTPimvIBRIA.^
Gaunt, exceedingly thin.
iTule' time, Christmas.
I Pon'dered. thought, -from the
l.atin^onf/Ms, a weight.
'• ^"^ p Wack-haired gaunt Paulinas
i^y ruddy Edwin stood ;
"Bow down, O King of Dei,V
Before the blessed rood ! *
Wilt thou not hear his message
Who bears the keys and sword?''
But Edwin looked and pondere<l
And answered not a word.
2 Rose then a sage old warrior,
Was fivescore winters old:
Whose beard from chin to girdle
i.ik^ one long snow-wreath rolled:
At Yule-time m our chamber
JZ^ ''* '" ""^^tii and light,
i-ies the black land of night.
3. "Athwart the room a sparrow
Darts from the open door:
Within the happy hearth-light
Oneredflash-andnomore!
We see it come from darkness,
And into darkness go.
feo^is our life, King Edwin!
^iss that it is so I
■S«f^^
t. — from the
'eight.
EDWIN AND PAULINUS,
4. " But if this pale Paulinus
Have somewhat more to tell,
Some news of Whence and Whither,
And where the soul will dwell, —
If on that outer darkness
The sun of hope may shine, —
He makes life worth the living !
I take his God for mine ! "
5. So spake the wise old warrior ;
And all about him cried,
" Paulinus' God hath conquered !
And he shall be our guide ;
For he makes life worth living
Who brings this message plain, —
When our brief days are over,
87
That we shall live
agam.
Unknown.
NOTES.
1. Or Eadwine, reigned from 617 to 633: and although ha
was only king of Northumbria, he was overlord of all the rest
of Britain, Kent excepted. The story of liis life is told by the
great Northumbrian monk and historian, the venerable Bede
wlio says that Paulinus was sent to Northumbria by Eadbald'
kmg of Kent, wlieii his sister Ethelbert married Edwin
2. It included all the country, on the east side of " Britain
between the Forth and the Humber. '
3. Northumbria was divided into two provinces, -Deira in
the south, and Bernieia in the north.
A. Rood is English for cross, the latter being derived from
the Liatin crux, a cross.
5. The Bishop of Rome, who sent the mission to Englaihi
1 he keys and sword are the arms of the Pope.
CoMPOsi^iox. - Tell the story of the message of Paulinus to
Kmg Edwm from the following heads: 1. The pale, dark Roman
missionary. 2. The ruddv. fair-hahwi t?«„i:ci. n:„„ o r^.
ST^^"^ \ """^ ''''''''^- ^- '^'^^" «'d ^y-^vnof^ comparison
oi lite, b. His reason for accepting the new faith.
11*1
ill
Mi
m
Hie «
!f
.S
<!)
'f.
88
P'^PTH HEADER.
EXEKCISES. 1 Pniso all tU V
tence: In the seventh cemuvElZf ^" ?' ^°"^^"'g «««-
kingdoms. "'^ ^"°land was divided into seven
2. Analyze the above sentence.
o. belect from stanzas 2 at)fi q fi,«
nouns or verbs, according t„ the ^J?'"] "!"* "«J' "<■ «ther
•<• Write out as mai,yof tl!e7l5 w ']'"'' "'^>' »'« "«=<).
a^ou w. ...f .;:r^rr':r 'Sf r
THE LIFE OF MAN.
Then another of the Kinrr'o *i.^
that life whereof we wo „ t t o7 ^;""''""'f "'"'
when thou, O Ki„„ n,., ■..'• '"^«- I' '« as
aldermen aL^th;!. '"'^e t^r"''""' """^'
the hearth is lighted i„ themilt a„7the IT' "'""'
but without the rains and the s^oware t " " "^"T'
winds are howling; then eometn ^' ""'^ ^^^
through the hous? she 00"^ in T"""' 'f "'"''
goeth out by another. wZ^eis in T k'""''' '"^
feeleth not the storm of winter bu '" u^"'"" '''
moment of rest is passed, she flXu' ^^ 'Jo ,1? t""''^
and passeth away from our eve, S„ • I ^''"'"''
of a man ; it is but for a moS • wL' '" T. '^ '"•-'
and what Cometh after it, .oH; ;' f af ^ m '''
fore, if these stran<rers can tell ,.. 1 . ^ '""'<'-
know whence man" me^h a d whSv""' "t™^^
us hearken to them and follow thdrW^ '°''''' '<^'
'-^''-' ■■•■
89
•wmg sen-
nto seven
' be either
e used,
ing words
:e 32, but
i said:
d with
ft is as
thine
when
warm,
id the
flieth
I", and
e sh
littie
torm,
e life
►re it,
here-
may
, let
JOAN OF ARC,
THE MAID OF ORLEANS.
Abjura'tion, a solemn rejection
or retraction,
Anniver'sary, the yearly return
of the day on which an event
tool: place ; thus our birthdav
is the anniversary of our birth.
Anoint'ed, touched with sacred
oil.
Ban, a proclamation, a public an-
nouncement, a curse.
Ecclesias'tical, belonging to the
Church.
Excommunica'tion, expulsion
from the rights and privileges
of the Church.
Her'esy, a denial of the doctrines
of the Church, or a belief in
something contrary to these
doctrines; from the Greek
haircomal, I take for myself,
choose.
In'stinct, a natural prompting to
action, not at all connected
with reason.
90
i'lnil ULAhElL
Mass, tl.e service of the Roman
Catholic Church.
Ban'sora. a buying back.
Hes'pite. forbearance; or puai,.,.
"» the execution of acriniinal.
Shrewd'ness, clear-sightedness.
Sorcery, magic; the power of
reading the future by the help
of evil spirits.
SubjUKa'tion, a reducing, by con-
quest, under the power of an
other (Latin sub, under, and
Jiiir^m, a yoke).
Tem'porary, for a time only.
r;:i'r -ntirr' ^^-^ "--p-^"
watching the bird; ^'r Tt ""'"' '°*''"'' '» '™"«'«>--
of the.„r*Attt:: e'tstrrod^-r---^ 'H^
Pleasan. i„ he- way," ^nTmL^^toTo^Ct:'''
be,„g „„,.e mode.,, inC.stnous. andpio f ' I^^Z
2- At this time all the iiorthein nai-f nf i.\„
torn and desolitPd K„ ,i ""^'" Pa" or J< ranee was
Misery i;:f ^:i ' ::ieU:rrd "* ^'"-^""^-^
distant villa<re at the w 7., i^' *'"' '^''*"' '" ''"•
fc-" n.ade at^iaina^ tithl h "'"' '''"""^ ''^''
which afflieted he eountiv Wh T' '"'' '''"*'''P^
of age, she believed Im St Afh """>' 'O"'"^™ years
attentive to all the duties of reL„n Th '"''
and her sorrow for the distL oH''^ [ " ""'"''
whole bei„„ ; her coi,,.. ! ''"""''' ""^'^^ '>"
on the fairT4j;i7Cee "'? wrT''''"' "''''^
^he faneied St. Michael 1' peared tT r\tiir:„dt;'
r' e t'th r,.s r t'oT T"''^" ' ' '""^ -' "- to
*^iit; Well s, 01 to lead men-at-arms" Tli.> ,.
*inr\ wenf. nn^ «r^.u„j .„ '*'"'*'• ^ ^i^-* Poor
"■' "•'•' """"'* ''^ ^^c^i^^ a work 80 difficult and
JOAX or ARC.
91
so new. But, encouraged by the angel, her brave spirit
overcame her fears, and she made known her mission
to her friends. 4. At first she was laughed at as insane,
and her father swore he would drown her rather than
she should go with men to the wars ; but she succeeded
in the end in leaving her home, and in making her
way to the Dauphin, whom she persuaded of her
heavenly mission, and promised that he should ^^"
anointed and crowned in the town of Rheinis.* She
was now in her eighteenth year, tall, strong, and active,
and able to remain on horseback without food from
dawn till dark. Mounted on a charger, clad in a suit
of white armor from head to foot, and bearing a white
banner, she seemed " a thing wholly divine, whether to
see or hear."
5. In April, 1429, she undertook the relief of Orleans,
which was closely besieged by the English, and which,
pressed by famine, was on the point of surrender
when Jeanne presented herself to the Dauphin. In
the midst of a terrible thunder-storm she marched
through the English lines, unperceived and unopposed,
and next morning showed herself with her banner on
the walls of Orleans. " I bring you," she said to the
French general, Dunois,^ who had sallied out of Orleans
to meet her, " the best aid ever sent to any one, the aid
of the King of Heaven." Fort after fort fell into her
hands, and the English, believing they were fighting
against invisible powers, raised the siege and marched
away. The belief in witchcraft and sorcery was then
real and living among all classes of people. 6. Triumph
after triumph followed; and, with an ever-increasing
army, she at length reached the gates of Rheims. " 6
— ^^"o" I ' '" •'••"• ' ::?!j\; VI text,
when she saw the crown placed on the head of Charles
;.:?
,*
mil
00
PIFTH Ji FADER.
mt
ba k^Th", kl/to r^r'™'''^'^ ■™SeC to go-
" o that I ^ight ;; lalVJ'rr' ■""• •'""^' >"""'•
brothe,. and ^ste^a ! hey wou d bel" 7Z "'"■ "■-''
again - " B„t the French court had f V° '''"^
usef.., she wa.,. and refnsed tott h l^n ""' '"
truVTot r ';::,::t"'^ ^r --^ ™^- ^"-"^ »"«
her mission w«rad'':"i''.r* ''«'P '^^'i-S that
-•thont the .;„■;: :;',r'er dIi: ': ji^tf?
the Duke of Bureundv T T ft T ''"P*""' *»
hy the Duke inr:^'Z:!'or^t::^r'X''
be a witch for wi. A^ u'"" '"'^" '''■"''^■^<' her to
intense a, drotl se fil T '''^''''"'^' "orn of
attempt eifc\rotoT;e e^h : ""Z' ™^"l'
■mpnsonment, an ecclesiastical cm.rt with hi VT'
of Beauvais" at its head, was formed tt. her ft^
accusation was that she had been mxihlLT' !
r :upp!^n„tr .r "--" - --- "
.he disp?a7ed in ht aLwe'rsTr 1 '""""'""''' *""
.00. /en e that tntTr^ t o^j/^^ilte t?'!
God/" st%i I 'nT/t: To^ SoV" -r '''"' ''
it; if I am, God will keep me illu''? ""' "^ '"
andhat;whate;::i\.r:"^td:.t"^^^."^-'^^^^^
JOAN OF ARC.
98
to go
Beauvais, still trying to entraj) hor, proceeded, " Does
God, then, bate the English V" she still replied,
"Whether God loves or hates the English I do not
know ; but I know that all those who do not die in bat-
tle shall be driven away from this realm by the king of
France." When questioned about her standard, she
said, "I carried it instead of a lance, to avoid slaying
anyone; I have killed nobody. I only said, 'Rush in
among the English,' and I rushed among them the first
myself." n. "The voices," she continued, in answer
to further questions, — " the voices told me to take it
without fear, and that God would help me." And when
they asked her if her hope of victory was founded on
the banner or herself, she said, " It was founded on
God, and on naught besides."
She was deprived of mass. " Our Lord can make me
hear it without your aid," she said, weeping.
It is said that an Englishman who was present at
the trial was so struck with Jeanne's evident sincerity
that he could not help crying out, " A worthy woman,
if she were but English!" 12. Her judges drew up
twelve articles of accusation on the grounds of sorcery
and heresy. On the 24th of May, 1431, the f.nniversary
of the day on which the maid had been taken prisoner
the year before, she was led to the cemetery of St. Ouen,
where two platforms were erected. On the one stood
the Cardinal of Winchester, the Bishop of Beauvais, and
several other churchmen. 13. Jeanne was conducted to
the second platform, where a preacher named Erard
stormed at her fiercely ; she listened with gentle
patience, until he began to accuse the king;'' then she
interrupted him wa.mly, saying : " Speak of me, but do
not speak of the king. He is a good Christian, and not
such as you say ; I can swear to you he is the noblest of
94
'•I 111 I iucM>nR.
raying, "fwouU«'"' '^^ '"f ''^'- """'^ '» ''h' Pai>er,
-mono r'^At:!:.:' .Mrr''^''"'^? "■••""'^"«^<' "> '-
•■.-..I given u, he i„, If; ^^ ^ T"" "' «"''• ''''^
the Ch„rcl, the » , nf ' '""' """='' '" "'« ''"8"m of
K".," he ,, , ': lrd'"'""t"*'"" '^"^ '•""'-''''•
holy Catholic 6h„ -0 t th"'h ■■'^ ""' *'"'' ""■* *'-
tion • her life was sd™-^ ! ^ ^ ^''"'^'^ ''""' "">''«•»-
She waa accused of a returnto he,^^ '""/''' '" ^'''"•
to death. A o.,.e.,t nil. J. 7 ^' "'"^ '=»'><3emned
of Ko«e„;tthe'^lartr" , 'J' "'« ■"''■■''«t-place
awaiting her W1,e„!h! t Tf ^"'"'^ ''«'• '^"«"'i<'8
soldier mad eon? : b^ kTn; M^,T'^ ^" ^"S"^''
kissed it and cla.peiit to e.-^^^^^^^^^^
er,ed out, "Yes! my voices werfof ^1",^ r"""'
never deceived me ' " TTo.. i„.. j . '""y ''a™
on a ernci. he^^efoL^LXTirr .!S:^^^^^^^^
JOAX or ARC.
96
ami amid the (lt'('|> ami awful sileiu'o of the hrnia\ hoI-
diery and unfeeling people, the heroic soul of the ]>oor
yojing country girl |)as8ed away.
A statue of the Maid of Orleans now marks the spot
where she suffered death.
18. What is to be thought of her? What is to he
thought of the jioor shej herd girl from the hills and
forests of Lorraine, who rose suddenly out of the quiet,
out of the safety, out of the religious itisjuration of deej)
pastoral solitudes, to a station in the van of arjnies, and
to the more perilous station at the right hand of
kings? The poor maiden drank not herself from that
cup of rest which she had secured for France. No!
for her voice was then silent. No ! for her feet were
dust.
19. Pure, innocent, noble-hearted girl ! When the
thunders of universal France, as even yet may happen,
shall j)roclaim the grandeur of her who gave up all for
her country, thine ear will have been deaf for five cen-
turies. To suffer and to do, that was thy portion in
this life; to do, — never for thyself, always for others;
to suffer, — never in the persons of generous champions,
always in thine own ; that was thy destiny ; and not
for a moment was it hidden from thyself. Life, thou
saidst, is short ; let me use that life, so transitory, for
glorious ends.
20. This pure creature — pure from every suspicion of
even a visionary self-interest, even as she was pure in
senses more obvious — never <.i_e relaxed in her belief
in the darkness that was travelling to meet her. She
might not prefigure the very manner of her death; she
saw not in vision, perhaps, the aerial altitude of the
fiery scaffold, the spectators on every road pouring into
Kr»imr« oo f^^ n ^^../m , .»♦ t^.^ ♦!.„ ... ~.!„ 1 — ^1 — II-,,.
* .1
96
Fmil HEADER.
m
m
M'
for A«- but „ , .1 ■' ""■' '" """ "''' "I""' it. was
dust rZ "^•'*' ">' '"''' "'"'"I'l rise frou, thu
ttrie; h ; f :;;:;;;:;',|,"« "'■- -^ *>•■'""■• ""-^ '<"•'•-
land and «en -■ b t in ?T "'"''"'^ "'^'"- "^'""^ ""'^
would decorate no -arhnd for / l , ""^ ''''•'"""'
1 i.tyta itselt in the most touchinrr mannPi- to fh
last; and hor in(r«i;« ^^ ^i? i ' '"''""^^ t« the
f-tedinar::Sdt^e''''rT.l'^'^r T"'-
be..di.etedtoapp,,bi;tUV„:;:be7r"H:^r!
ume., A monk was then standin.; at her side W ' V
up in his sublime office he sn„r „„, ,. j Z^"''*
persisted in his praye's' " ''""«''•' •"" ^'"'
■De Quincey.
JOAN OF ARC.
9T
death, ^—
in those
well 8he
n it, was
"or t/ifm.
from the
for ceil-
uty over
omi6my
f France
lor hud,
saintly
•le fate,
inserip-
prj)iety
to the
mani-
ler had
He did
>.£? Vol-
VVraj)t
ut still
ip the
(I this
d that
chlinii;
reser-
" she
it in
icey.
NOTES.
1. A range of mountains In th(» northeast of France ; now
one of the boundaries between France and (ierniany.
2. This war was begun by Ili-nry V., who liad been com-
pletely successful; he had married a daughter of the French
king, and was to receive the crown of Fmnce at the king's death.
Henry, however, died suddenly, leaving a son not a year old to
succeed him ; the Duke of HedfonI, the late king's brother, was
appointed General and Regent of France.
3. The eldest son of the king of France.
4. A town in the northeast of France, where, down to
the present century, the kings of France were crowned and
anointed, — a vessel of sacred oil, called La minie Ampoule (the
holy flask), being kept here for the purpose.
5. A cousin of the Dauphin, and one of the bravest soldiers
France ever produced.
6. A town a little to the east of Kouen.
7. The Dauphin was now Charles VII.
Composition. — Give an account of Joan of Arc's career, under
the following heads : 1. Her quiet village home. 2. Visions.
3. Her journey to the Dauphin. 4. Relief of Orleans. 5. Coro-
nation at Rheims. 6. Taken prisoner at the siege of Com-
pifegne. 7. Trial. 8. Execution.
Exercises. — 1. Parse all the words in the following sen-
tence : The execution of Joan of Arc, and the death of the Re-
gent Bedford, destroyed the power of the English in France.
2. Analyze the above.
3. Select from sections 4 and 5 words which may be either
nouns or verbs, according to the way in which they are used.
4. Compare the meanings of close, fair, suit, court, form, in
the following pairs of sentences, and show, from the derivation
of these words, their connection or diuerence in meaning:
(1) The room was close and unhealt.-y. Her cottage is close by.
(2) The drover made a fair bargain. The lady was fair and
gentle. (3) This arrangement will not suit me. His suit was
made of good broadcloth. (4) The law courts are at Westmin-
ster. The candidate courts the good opinion of the electors.
(5) A form of prayer was read in all the churches. Triiat
rnanlv and beaiitiful ^orms one see^ in the statuss of Greece!
98
FIFTH READER.
n I
'U
«ELF- SACRIFICE.
anMi^^r^^^^^^^ v.. . M.. o. Spa.
England; and after her death he «pnf '"*'''"*''^ ^^''y' q"««" of
famous "Invincible Armada .' His Ir '''^^'"'* ''"^'""^'' '" ^588. the
erlands. which were sS^ngly P^ot^BtantT I" '^^^'^P ^'"-» the Neth!
mpdsonment, and cruelties of every S I'TT' *°'''"^«' «»««'
1686, imder Lord LeicestAr f.^.^^l.' } - '^^^^^^ "^"' *" armvin
■"'■ ""■ '^'" *'^"''*" °^ ^"« Ivetherlands. Sir Philip
SELF-SACRIFICE.
99
Sidney was a young man, but he had already distinguished himself as a
poet and as a soldier.]
An'cestry, lineage, or line of fore-
fathers.
Displayed', showed plainly.
Endued', gifted.
In'bred, natural, innate.
Ha'diance, brightness.
Train, attendant courtiers.
Wist'ful, longing.
1. In the battle of Zuti>hen, which was fouglit in tho
cause of liberty against the tyrant Philip of Spain, Sir
Philip Sidney, who commandcfl the English cavalry,
displayed the greatest coolness and courage. He had
two horses killed under him; and whilst mounting a
third, he was wounded by a niusket-shot from the
trenches!, which broke his thigh-bone. 2. He had to
ride back about a mile and a half to the camp ; and
being faint with loss of blood, and parched with thirst,
he called for a draught of water, whi'di was instantly
brought him ; but as he was puttin<, Jie vessel to his
mouth, a poor wounded soldier, who happened to be
(•arried past him at that instant, looked at it with wist-
ful eyes. The gallant and generous Sidney took the
vessel from his mouth without drinking, and delivered
it to the soldier, with the words, "Thy necessity is
yet greater than mine."
1. 'T was on the field of Zutphen ;
The battle's din was o'er.
And bold and gallant foemen
Had fallen to rise no more.
2. Just then with lessening radiance
Streamed the pale light of day
O'er the sad place, where side by side
Victor and vanquished lay.
I! '
I
ill
sis!
im'i
Mfi
100 FIFTH HEADER,
3. Among the dead and dying
Was many a noble face,
Which told of gentle ancestry,
And spoke of inbred grace.
4. Birt 'midst them all a face there shone
rTe-emmently bright,
A face that almost seemed endued
With more than earthly light, —
5. A face which e'en to look upon
Reflected goodness gave,
And left a sense of happiness.
It was so true and brave.
6. It was the face of such a man
As you shall rarely see ;
Of all Queen Bess's brilliant train
The courtliest knight was he.
7. But sore he had been wounded ;
When hardly yet begun.
His noble life was ebbing fast,
His glorious work was done'.
8. And, as he rode in agony,
A deep cry from him burst :
"O, for one drop of water.
To quench this raging thirst ! "
9. WUh willing steps and loving hearts
They bnng it him in haste;
See ! V Ith what eagerness hfi loners
The cooling draught to taste I "^
V
? i
one
SELF-SACRIFICE.
10. But, as in very act to drink,
He hears a stif -^d moan
From a poor so i ?r lying near,
And dying nA alone.
11. Without one least complaining word.
Without one single sigh,
He yields the cup ; he simply says,
".Z?e n3eds it more than I."
101
DIRECTIONS FOIl READING.
1. In the 1st verse, avoid the verse-accent on on; make a
slight pause after T was, aud say, 'Twas on-the-field-of-Zut-
phen.
2. In the 8th verse pause after O.
3. In the 9th verse pause atler See ! slur over the word xoith.
4. In the 10th verse neither as nor a is emphatic.
Composition.— Tell the story of Sir Philip Sidney from the
following outline : 1. He is wounded in the battle of Zutphen.
2. He suffers terribly from thirst. 3. He calls for water.
4. He gives it to a wounded soldier, saying, &c.
Exercises.— 1. Parse all the words in the following sen-
tence : Sir Philip Sidney fought in the cause of liberty against
Philip of Spain.
2. Analyze the above sentence.
3. Select from the first three sections all the words that can
,beused either as nouns or as verbs, such as fight, display, &c.
4. With each of the first three of these selected words make a
pair of scii^ences illustrating its use,— in the first member of the
pair as a verb, in the second as a noun.
5. Give the verbs or adjectives from which the following
nouns come : generosity, radiance, eminence, endowment.
6. Write down as many of the compounds of the following
words as you know: mount, carry, take, fall, most, willing,
act.
7. Write an exercise as directed in Exc. 4, page 32, but gub-
——-—•■■'•0 fr- ji'- »»jivt t-j^/t,£ftv ivi ctt/ tft aliU ocit.
102
FIFTH HEADER,
Intrud'ers, persons who go where
they have no right to go.
Mu'tUated, hacked and torn.
BEAR -HUNT.
Brook, bear or endure.
Encoun'ters, fights.
Evidence, proof or signs.
Foiled, beaten or baffled.
Held in great repute', very fa-
mous; renowned.
Prompted, put into his mind.
Vig'ilance, watchfulness.
1. My ride in the Altai Mountains » was over ground
where bears are numerous; their tracks we followed
but without seeing even one. I passed places where'
fearful encounters with these animals have taken place.
A very large one had been seen by the wood-cutters
auuuj a uozeu miles from the gold mine ; and two men,
A BEAR-HUNT.
103
one a hunter, held in great repute for his daring and
skill, determined to make his acquaintance. 2. After
wandering about for some time, they came upon his
tracks, quite fresh in the long, dewy grass. He was
evidently near; this made them cautious, and they
prepared for action. Presently a loud growl saluted
their ears; then out he sprang from a thicket about
thirty-five paces distant, where he stood snuffing the
breeze and eyeing the intruders.
3. The hunter fired, and the ball struck, but not in a
vital part. In an instant the wounded animal charged.
The other man, who was less experienced, reserved his
shot until within twenty paces. The rifle missed fire.
At once the brute raised himself on his hind legs, and,
tearing the earth beneath him, rushed on his first as-
sailant, striking him down with a blow that stripped
his scalp and turned it over his face; then, seizing his
arm, he began to gnaw and crush it to the bone, grad-
ually ascending to the shoulder. 4. The man called
to his companion to load and fire ; but the fellow, when
he saw his friend so fearfully mangled, ran away and
left him to his fate. Late in the evening he reached
the gold mine, and reported what had happened ; but
It was too late to make any effort in behalf of the
mangled hunter. The officer ordered a large party out
at daylight the next morning, with the coward for a *
guide. 5. He took them through the forest to the spoi
where the encounter had t-aken place, of which there
still remained ample evidence ; but no remains of the
victim were met with, except some torn clothing and
his rifle. By the state of the grass it was evident that
A ^^M-^''^'^'^ ^^^" ''^"''^^ ^^' ^"^^ ^^^ t^ick forest.
A dihgciit pursuit was therefore made; sometimes
the track was lost, but the pursuers of the bear were
1(M
FIFTH READER.
too well skilled in woodcraft to be foiled, and at length'
discovered his larder, c. He had dragged the hunter
into a dense mass of wood and 1>ushes, and, to render
the place still more secure, had broken off a great num-
ber of branches and heaped them over his body. These
were quickly stripped off, when, to their great surprise,
they found the man, though frightfully mutilated and
qmte insensible, still living! Two long poles were
immediately cut, to which saddle-cloths were secured
m the middle. One horse was placed in front, another
at the back, and the ends of the poles secured to the
stirrups, thus forming a very easy conveyance. 7. The
sufferer was placed upon the saddle-cloths and care-
fully propped up, and th 3n began the painful march
back as fast as possible.
On their arrival at th 3 gold mines he was taken di-
rectly to the hospital ; tae doctor dressed his wounds,
and administered all that medical skill and kindness
prompted. His patient survived, but long remained
unconscious of everything around him. After more
than two months had elapsed, a slight improvement took
place, and his reason appeared to be restored, s. His
first question was about the bear, and then he referred
to ' >wn defeat. He spoke of nothing else, and was
constantly asking for his rifle to go and kill "Michael
lyanovitch " 2 (the bear). The medical men thought
his mind seriously affected. As he gained strength there
arose in him so great a desire to have another combat
with his powerful and ferocious enemy that it was con-
sidered necessary to place him under some restraint.
^ 9. The summer had passed over, and autumn had ar-
rived ; the frost had scorched the foliage, changing it
into golden and crimson hues; and, as it was now
thought the pqpr lunatic had forgotten his adventure,
BEAR-HUNT.
106
less vigilence was exercised towards him. The oppor-
tunity was not lost, for he secretly left the hospital and
started off for his cottajje. All the family being absent,
except some young children, he was enabled to secure
his rifle and ammunition, and provide himself with an
Ixe and a loaf of black bread, which he stowed in his
ivallet. 10. Thus armed and provisioned, he left the
v^illage in the evening without being seen, except by the
children, and was soon lost to them in the forest.
When it was discovered that he had escaped, people
were sent out in various directions to seek him, but
they returned without success. More than a week passed
over, during which nothing had been heard of him,
when one day he walked into the hospital, carrying the
skin of a huge black bear on his shoulders, and, throw-
ing it down, exclaimed, " I told you I would have him ! "
11. This man was a fine old hunter ; it was not a spirit
of revenge which prompted him to this daring act; the
fact was, he could not brook the idea of a defeat. Now
that his reputation was re-established, he was happy ;
his h'ealth was again restored ; nor wps this the last
bear that fell before his deadly rifle. Atkinson.
NOTES.
1. Altai Mountains. — A high range in Asiatic Russia or Si-
beria, to the north of Chinese Tartary. The name means uold
mountain; the range is rich in gold, silver, copper, and lead,
tlie mines of which are worked by the Russians.
2. Michael Ivanovitch. — Hunters are in the habit of giving
names to tliose wild animals they happen to " know," and have
frequently tried to ensnare. The liunter in this case was a Rus-
sian, and so he gave liin» a Russian name. The name means
Michael, the son of Ivan (or John ). This is the usual way names
are given in Russia, wliere surnames are still unknown. Thus
a boy is cailed Peter Alexandroviich {son of Alexander); an-
other Michael Petrovitch {son of Peter), and so on.
i||i
106
fl^'TH HEADER.
Hunter" from t.,; iX-^l^V.2'7u^^^ ^^
bear. (2) Companion runs aulv n 1 "'^ '^°'^'" ''^ *
to his larder. (4) is fo.m^ !f, ^" /'^^ ^' '^'^^^^"^ by tl.e bear
(5) Two months in lospiu X'u'^::"' ''''''' ^^ ^"« ^'-'-ds
turns with tlie skin '^^ ^^'^appears foraweelc. (7) Ke-
bunter was held in great rep e L ll d-. ^ "'"• ''' '^''^"
second hunter reserved his hof ?4 > ""^ '"' ^^'"- ^^^ '^^be
any effort in his behalf /5) tL- •„ '^*' ^""'^ '^^« '« "'^k.'
tJence of the strusgle \fi) Ti.i f '"^'"^'n^d ample evi-
«kilIandkindness7romptec ^ ' VT' r',"'""^^'-^^' ^" ^bat
towards him. (8) He could nnf f 1'^'^^""" ^'"^^ exercised
3. Parse all the wo ds in , f .0,7 "'' ''^^" "*"* d«^«^'-
"Pon his track, quite fresh i "The loZ'7/^"'"^^^-' '^'^^^^ ^-"-
4. Analyse the above sentence ^' ''^^ ^'■'^^*
-uns ti:s::,rr4;uj'^ ^^^^^^^ ^^'"^^^^ -y be eiti...
-eh as.;?,., part, "o;^^ t "'' " """'" ^'^^^ -« «-d, ^
noL?'c"me;%r;;!:,2„t^"S: '"" ^'^^^'^ "- ^<>"-b,g
8. Carefully distinmikh h ' ^^^ '«"*«<'o», Pwrs^aY.
words: . ^ ^'«^'"g"'«b between the ending of the followin,
Succeed Secede
Proceed Precede
Exceed Recede
9. Write douTi al
»i'
»»a, with their meanings.
Supreme Esteem i Convene Magazine
Extreme Kedeem Serene Marfne
., , (Intervene Tambourine
tWords you know descriptive of ,unt.
107
NATURE f[ER OWN PHYSICIAN.
Jb^ /uile' afire, cheat a.ge into be-
lieving that it is still young.
Fa'ble, story, not true, but in-
tended to teach a lesson.
In Mum, to sum up or give the
result of the whole niatter.
Rev'erend snow, the white liair
that accompanies age.
1. Hark hither, reader! wilt thou see
Nature her own physician be ?
Wilt see a man all his own wealth,
His own music, his own health ?
A man whose sober soul can tell
How to wear her garments well, —
Her garments that upon her sit,
As garments should do, close and fit'?
A well-clothed soul that's not oj>]>ressed
Nor choked with what she should be dressed ?
A soul sheathed in a crystal shrine,
Througji which all her bright features shine, —
As when a piece of wanton lawn,
A thin aerial veil, is draw^n
O'er beauty's face, seeming to hide.
More sweetly shows the blushing bride ?
A soul, whose intellectual beams
JVo mists do mask, 7io lazy steams?
A happy soul, that all the way
To heaven hath a summer's day ?
2. Wouldst see a man whose well-warmed blood
Bathes him in a genuine flood ?
A man whose tuned humors be
A seat of rarest harmony ?
Wouldst see blithe looks, fresh cheeks, beguile
Age ? Wouldst see December smile ?
W^Quldst see nests of new roses srrow
In a bed of reverend snow ?
4
m
FIFTH READER.
Warm thoughts, free spirits, flatterinff
vVinter's self into a sprincr?
3. In sum, wouldst see a man that can
Live to be old, and still a man?
Whose latest and most leaden hours
t all with soft wings, stuck with soft flower.^.
And, when life's sweet fable ends.
Soul and body part like friends, —
JJ^o quarrels, murmurs, no delay, --
A kiss, a sigh, and so away ?
This rare one, reader, wouldst thou see?
Hark hither! and thyself be he. craskar..
DIKECTIONS AND CAUTIONS FOIi HEADING.
Li„e^3: Xo accent on Ln, buJIiei^^ t^ X^^^^
accent upon i«/,e«. > ^"'pnasis on so/<. LineS: Nu
ROBERT BRUCE VICTORIOUS.
Achieve', to perform.
Bas'inet, helmet, headpiece.
Caa'ket, a little cask, or case for
holding jewels.
Oouohed, in place for attack.
Cru'ciflx, a figure of Christ on
the cross.
Destina'tion, place to which one
is going.
Embalm', to preserve from decay
by spices and fragrant drugs.
Bjijom', to order with authority.
attempt, under-
En'terprise,
taking.
Pe'alty, the oath to be true to
their king which all knights
took (Lat.^rfe/i/as, faith).
Galled, annoyed.
Xiiege, see page .33,
Iiow'er, look dark.
Loy'al, obedient, faithful.
Mass, a Roman Catholic service
Sep'ulohre, tomb.
Van, the front.
1. Bruce came back to Scotland with renewed hone
and couraore; and now h\. *... «"tJwea nope
~ ■ ^viiuuca were enureiy
ROBERT BRUCE VICTORIOUS.
109
changed. He defeated the English whenever he met
them, and the battle of Hannoekbuni * made him com-
pletely victorious over his enemies. The night before
this great battle began, Bruce, mountcul on a little pony,
and with battle-axe in hand, rode ulong the front of his
army, addressing words of encom-agement to liis men.
On his basinet he wore a small crown, distinguishing
him from his knights. When the main body of the
English came up, an English knight. Sir Harry <!*!
J^ohun, seeing the Scottish king riding along in this
manner, set spurs to his horse, and, with spear couched,
galloped against him. 2. The king saw him, and per-
mitted him to come very near, then suddenly turned
his j)ony a little to one side, so that Sir Harry missed
him with the lance point, and was in the act of being
carried past by the career of his horse. But King Rob-
ert rose in his stirrups, and struck Sir Harry on the
head with his battle-axe so terrible a blow that it broke
to pieces his iron helmet, and hurled him de.ad from the
saddle. Bruce, when reproached by his lords for ex-
posing himself so unnecessarily, did nothing but grum-
ble that he had broken the shaft of his battle-axe.
3. It was a sleepless night on both sides. The Scotch,
as being the weaker, spent it in prayer and devotion ; the
English, as being the stronger, in drinking and making
merry. In the gray of the morning the two armies
stood looking at each other. The Abbot of Inchaffray,
after saying mass, walked along barefoot, holding a
crucifix, in front of the Scotch, who all knelt. Seeing
this, the English cried out, " They ask mercy." " Yes,"
said Sir Ingram de Umfraville, a Scottish knight in the
English army, " but it is from Heaven." 4. The same
L-nirrVif Q/lviaprl thfl Ifinor in nrfitfitid to rfitrfiat. SO ftS to
•""o o — I "~ '' ■■ " ' "
draw tte Scotch out of their well-chosen position; but
■
ii'
no
^V/."/7/ liEAnKli.
his advirn ^,j,« „^j(^ , . ,„ .
'^""' "" -i '''^in^'groiin,!,
^^"'^ in H l.ir«r,.
<'''"'ljfast stone, flu.
'"^♦■•'ttislibjittjiliiMis
waited the oiisei.
'■ Kdwai'diJniee's^
Hin«,^ was tiie Hist
attaeked; l>u( i„
'• Nliort time all
the three bodies
were engaged, and
tliere were three;
battles going on
togot'ier. Seeing
his men severely
galled by th'e
'^J'lglish archers,
I J luce detached a
'•'•ily of five hun-
dred cavalry, un-
der Sir Kobei-t
Keith, to ride in
While he himself plunc^ed into the 7.7''. ^'^'""'
reserve Thn Kof^i '^ ^"® %^^ ^ith his
im) nnn o^^ ^^^ "^^ '^ hand-to-hand fi<.ht of
100,000 agamst 30,000 men « t?^ * ^
favor of the weaker partrTh, F^^^^^^^^^^ '"'"'^^ "^
with a panic fear and th JiV ^^"^ '^''' '"^'^^ ^
a flio-ht Tf ; ' , ' ^«»f"^»«n vvas turned intr
a nigiit. It appears that a irrouD of Sontf ;«v. k
carriers and canip-fnii.,....r . "^ . , f^^^tish baggage-
^' ''■'"' F^^^'^'ti lor waiety behind
ROBERT BRUCE VICTORIOUS.
Ill
the brow of the hill, becoming anxious to learn t^o
fute of the battle, crawled to the t of it, wlience » *if'^
coultl look down on the field beneath. : The moment
they s:iw that their countrymen were ^lining the (hiy,
they set up a prolon^^ed nhout .ind waved their cl«»aks,
•lich giving an impression to the English that there
was a new anny coming to the attack, they turned
their backs and fled. Many crowded to the rocks near
Stirling, and many were drowned in the Forth. Ed-
ward, the English king, led off the Held by the Earl of
Pembroke, flel in the direction of Linlithgow; but
being pursued by Douglas and sixty horsemen, he did
not rest till he arrived at Dunbar, a distance of sixty
miles from the field of battle, and there he took ship-
ping for England.
8. When King Hobert felt that his end drew near, he
sent for those barons and loj-ds of his kingdom in whoso
devotion he had the gi eatest confidence, and affection-
ately commanded them, on their fealty, that they should
faithfully keej) the kingdom for David, his son, promise
to obey Pavid, and place the crown uj)on his head when
he attained the full age. Then the king beikoned that
brave and gentle knight. Sir James Douglas, to come
near, and thus addressed him in presence of the rest
of his courtiers : " Sir James, my dear friend, few know
better than yourself the great toil and suffering which,
in my day, I have undergone for the maintenance of
the rights of this kingdom ; and when all went hardest
against me, I made a vow, which it now deeply grieves
me not to have accomplished. I then vowed to God,
that, if it were his sovereign pleasure to permit me to
see an end of my wars, and to establish me in peace
and security in the government of this kingdom, I would
then proceed to the Holy Land, and carry on war
112
FIFTH READER.
against the enemies of my Lord and Sariour, to the best
and utmost of my power. 9. Never hath my heart
ceased to bend earnestly to this purpose ; but it hath
pleased our Lord to deny me my wishes, for I have
had my hands full in my days, and, at the last, you
see me taken with this grievous sickness, so that I have
nothing to do but to die. Since, therefore, this poor
irail body cannot go thither and accomplish that which
my heart hath so much desired, I have resolved to send
my heart there, in place of my body, to fulfil my vow •
and because, in my whole king(^om, I know not any
knight more hardy than yourself, or more thoroughly
furnished with all those knightly qualities requisite for
the accomplishment of this vow, it is my earnest request
to you, my beloved and tried friend, that, for the love
you bear me, you will, instead of myself, undertake this
voyage, and acquit my soul of its debt to my Saviour-
tor believe me, I hold this opinion of your truth and
nobleness, that whatever you once undertake you will
not rest till you successfully accomplish ; and thus shall
1 die m peace, if you will do all that I shall enjoin you.
10. It is my desire, then, that as soon as I am dead you
take the heart out of my body, and cause it to be
embalmed, and spare not to take as much of my treasure
as appears sufficient for the expenses of your journey
both for yourself and your companions ; and that yoJ
carry my heart along with you, and place it in the holy
sepulchre of our Lord, since this poor body cannot go
thither. And I do moreover command, that iu the
course of your journey you keep up that royal state,
both for yourself and your companions, that into what-
ever lands or cities you may come all may know you
have in charge to bear beyond seas the heart of Kinc
:.if
ROBERT BRUCE VICTORIOUS.
113
o the best
my heart
it it hath
)r I have
last, you
at I have
this poor
»at whicli
d to send
my vow ;
not any
oroughly
lisite for
t request
the love
take this
Saviour ;
'uth and
you will
ius shall
oin you.
ead you
t to be
treasure
ourney,
hat you
;he holy
nnot go
iu the
il state,
o what-
ow you
f King
11. At these words, all who stood by began to weep ;
and when Sir James himself was able to reply, he said,
" Ah, most gentle and noble king ! a thousand times do
I thank you for the great honor you have done me in
permitting me to be the keeper and bearer of so great
and precious a treasure. Most willingly, and, to the
best of my power, most faithfully shall I obey your
commands, although I do truly think myself little
worthy to achieve so high an enterprise." " My dear
friend," said the king, " I heartily thank you, provided
you promise to do my bidding, on the word of a true
and loyal knight." "Undoubtedly, my liege, 1 do
promise so," replied Douglas, "by the faith which I
owe to God, and to the order to which I belong."
12. " Now, praise be to God," said the king, " I shall
die in peace, since I am assured that the best and most
valiant knight in my kingdom hath promised to achieve
for me that which I myself never could accomplish."
And, not long after, this noble monarch departed this
life. He died, June 7, 1329, in the fifty-fifth year of.
his age. Douglas set out on his solemn expedition with
the heart of the deceased sovereign in a silver casket ;
but being killed in Spain fighting with the Moors,*
the casket never reached its destination, and was brought
back to Scotland, and buried at Melrose. The body of
the royal Bruce, after being embalmed, was buried in
the Abbey Church of Dunfermline.^
Sir Walter Scott {adapted).
NOTES.
1. Bannockburn is near Stirling.
2. The national flag of Scotland, — a red lion on a golden
ground.
8. King Robert's brother ; he became King of Ireland in
!i{ffl
114
FIFTH READER.
ih.
I}, '«
111'
1316, but was defeated an<- killed at the battle of Dundalk, to
4. See note?, page 83.
5. Dunfermline is in Fifeshire.
SUMMARY.
1. The day before the battle of Bannockburn Bruce rodP c^f
on a small pony, and was attacked by Sir LZ Zn^^ ^^
whom he killed with a blow of his baWltaxe 7 Thp ^ ^k
sTa^l^ofin-" ''^'^'^ ''' Engli^ln Vkhra'^Tt
varo;irtt^aur^^^^^ ^- ^'^^^^^^
%ht between the mm^^^s^^^Z^Z"^^
men. 6 Panic seized the Ei ^^lish, and thev fled 7 v/i
b^m^a^ t" ^8 Ed '"!, T ^" "^ ^ ^^^^ at^'theVgh
oecame a lout. 8. Edward II. was led off the field by the Earl
of Pembroke, and galloped to Dunbar. 9. When Eine Roopr
Bruce was dying he requested Sir James (oTLtd^Jal'
II. Bruce di^, June tS. at the'^^t rfi^;:^^^' T^
heart was placed in a silver caskpf iq nl i ^^^
tie of Bannockburn was fought on June 24, I3I4 1
Composition.- Give an account of the battle of Bannock
'"'EnilTsh '^' 'ollowing heads: ,. Scotch pold on . hm
4 Thf bawln- i: f^rV''"'''' ''"'™" ""-ke
oavalrv 7 An ^l'"" "'■*^'^- "■ ^'"^ Robert Keith's
thrEngllsh. ^PJ""^*"™ "' '"« baggage-carriers. 8. Flight of
,.^^A?''^^T^- ^^"^^ "" ">« ^f-ls 'f the followin* sen
2. Analyze the above sentence.
I w V ^ ° ^^'® ^^y '" which they are used.
4. Write an exercise as directed in Exercise 4 narrAqo h„* u
fititute 6a<«e and A:m^ for earth and ^ea ' ^ ^ ' "' '"^
115
mdaik, io
rode oat
! Boliim,
le SeolM-'h
3. T'ae
English
-to-hand
ScoU;h-
7. The
le flight
the Karl
; Kooert
Jawaes)
had not
o do so.
12. His
s killed
brought
f liruce
'hu bat-
n/ioek-
H hill.
ti»^ked.
Keith's
ifeht of
§r sen-
Sart to
UDs or
It sub-
In circum'ference, round about;
from Lat. circtim, round, and
fero, I carry.
AN ICEBERG.
Lar'board, a sea term for the
left side of a ship ; now port.
Lee'ward, the side away from
the wind ; a lee shore is the
shore on the lee side of a ship.
Seut'tle, a small opening in a ves-
sel's deck.
Transpar'ent, that can be seen
through ; Lat. trans, thr ouRh,
and pareo, I appear.
1. At twelve o'clock we went below, and had just got
through dinner, when the cook put his head down the
scuttle, and told us to come on deck and see the finest
sight we had ever seen.
" Where away, cook ? " asked the first man who went
up. « On the larboard bow." And there lay, floating
in the ocean several miles off, an immense irregular
mass, its top and points covered with snow, and its
116
FIFTH READER.
\l S, '
centre of a deep indigo color. This was an icebercr,
one of the largest size, as one of our men said who had
been in the Northern Ocean.
2. As far as the eye could reach, the sea in every di-
rection was of a deep blue color, the waves nnining
high and fresh, and sparkling in the light ; and in the
midst lay this immense mountain-island, its cavities and
valleys thrown into deep shade, and its points and
pmnacles glittering in the sun.
All hands were soon on deck looking at it, and ad-
miring m various ways its beauty and grandeur ; but no
description can give any idea of the strangeness, splen-
dor, and real sublimity of the sight.
3. Its great size, for it must have been from two to
three imlesm circumference, and several hundred feet
m height ; its slow motion, as its base rose and sank in
the water, and its high points nodded against the
clouds ; the dashing of the waves upon it, which, break-
ing high with foam, covered its base with a white crust •
the thundering sound of the cracking of the mass, and
the breaking and tumbling down of huge pieces, together
with Its nearness and approach, which added a slight
element of fear, - all combined to give it the character
ot true sublimity.
4. The main body of the mass was, as I have said,
of an mdigo color; its base was crusted with frozen
toam; and, as it grew thin and transparent towards the
edges and top, its color shaded off from a deep blue
to the whiteness of snow. It seemed to be drifting
slowly towards the north, so that we kept away and
avoided it.
5. It was in sight all the afternoon ; and as we got to
leeward of it the wind died awav. so fTinf wn io,.^.,u.
near it for the greater part of' the night. Unfortu^
TO WATERFOWL.
117
nately, there was no moon ; but it waa a clear night,
and we could plainly mark the long, regular heaving of
the stujjendous mass, as its edges moved slowly against
^he stars.
6. Several times in our watch loud cracks were heard,
which sounded as though they must have run through
the whole length of the iceberg ; and several pieces fell
down with a thundering crash, plunging heavily into
the sea. Towards morning a strong breeze sprang up ;
and at daylight it was out of sight. Dana.
TO A WATEKFOWL.
Whither, 'midst fulling dew.
While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
Far* throiKrli tiiAir iv»a\r /1o.->f Ko A^c<*- fU^.. — ,
Thy solitary way ?
th
iiou pursue
118
FIFTH READER.
If
I *i If ■■■'
i
Vainly the fowler's eye
Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky.
Thy figure floats along.
Seekest thou the jjlashy brink
Of weedy lake, or rnaige of river wide
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink
On the chafed ocean side ?
There is a Power whoso care
Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,
' • -! desert and illimitable air,
Lone wandering, but not lost.
All day thy wings have fanned,
At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere ;
let stoop not, weary, to the welcome land.
Though the dark night is near.
And soon that toil shall end,
feoon Shalt thou find a summer home, and rest
And scream among thy fellows ; reeds shall bend
Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.
^ Thou 'rt gone, the abyss of heaven
Hath swallowed up thy form ; yet on my heart
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast giv-en,
And shall not soon depart.
He who, from zone to zone.
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight.
In the long way that \ must tread alone
Will lead mv niM^a o..;,»^.*
.• -- 1- "' ^o""- W. V. Bryant,
119
METHOD AND ITS ADVANTAGES.
Des'ultory, jumping from subject
to subject. In the Roman
circus the desuUot leaped from
horse to horse while they were
galloping.
Haz'ardous, full of risk.
Lapse, passing away; from Lat.
labor (lapsus), 1 slip away.
Neces'sitate, make necessary,
Nov'elty, newness; from Lat.
7iov^ts, new.
Beotifloa'tion, putting or making
right; from Lat. rectus, right,
and facio, I make.
Super'fluoufl, more than enough ;
from Lat. super, over, and /mo,
Iflow.
Trivial'ity, commonness and tri-
fling character; from Lat.
trtvium, a place where three
ways meet. Such a spot was
likely to be a meeting-place for
idlers and people who exchange
gossip.
Unpremed'itated, not thought
of beforehand , from Lat. prte,
before, and meditor, I medi-
tate.
1. What is that which first strikes us, and strikes us at
once, in a man of education, and which, among educated
men, so instantly distinguishes the man of superior mind,
that (as was observed with eminent propriety of the
late Edmund Burke) « we cannot stand under the same
archway during a shower of rain without finding him
out " ? Not the weight or novelty of his remarks ; not
any unusual interest of facts communicated by him ; for
we may suppose both the one and the other precluded
by the shortness of our intercourse and the triviality
of the subjects. 2. The difference will be impressed
and felt, though the conversation should be confined to
the state of the weather or the pavements. Still less
will it arise from any peculiarity in his words and
phrases ; for if he be, as we now assume, a well-edu-
cated man, as well as a man of superior powers, he will
not fail to follow the golden rule of Julius Cjesar, and,
unless where new things necessitate new terms, he will
avmrJ nn uniifinal ■urrnvl no n ••/-««'L- T* -^^.-.c,*- U«,.^ i
... _._ , .... ,, . ...^rvj j_i. iiiust iiavC ITCCii
among the earliest lessons of his youth that the breach
fM I
120
FlFril READER.
of this precept, at all times hazardous, becomes ridicu-
lous in the topics of ordinary conversation. 3. There
remains but one other point of distinction possible ; and
this must be, and in fact is, the true cause of the ini-
pression made on us. It is the unpremeditated and
evidently habitual arrangement of his words, grounded
on the habit of foreseeing, in each integral part, or
(more plainly) in every sentence, the whole that he then
intends to communicate. However irregular and des-
ultory his talk, there is method in the fragments.
4. Listen, on the other hand, to an ignr'-ant man,
though perhaps shrewd and able in his particular calling,
whether he be describing or relating. We immediately
perceive that his memory alone is called into action,
and that the objects and events recur in the narration
in the same order, and with the same accompaniments,
however accidental or impertinent, as they had .irst
occurred to the narrator. 5. The necessity of taking
breath, the efforts of recollection, and the abrupt recti-
fication of its failures, produce all his pauses, and, with
the exception of the " and then,''' the " and there,'' the
"says /," and the still less significant ''and so'' they
constitute likewise all his connectives. Our discussion,
however, is confined to method as employed in the
formation of the understanding and in the constructions
of science and of literature. It would, indeed, be super-
fluous to attempt a proof of its importance in the busi-
ness and economy of active or domestic life. 6. From
the cotter's hearth, or the workshop of the artisan, to
the palace or the arsenal, the first merit, that which
admits neither substitute nor equivalent, is that every-
thing is in its place. Where this charm is wanting,
pvery other merit either loses its name, or becomes an
additional ground of accusation and regret. Of one
METHOD AND ITS ADVANTAGES. 121
by whom it is eminently possessed, we say, proverbially,
he is like clockwork. 7. The resemblance extends
beyond the point of regularity, and yet falls short of
the truth. Both do, indeed, at once divide and an-
nounce the silent and otherwise indistinguishable lapse
of time. But the man of methodical industry and
honorable pursuits does more : he realizes its ideal
divisions, and gives a character and individuality to its
moments. If the idle are described as killing time, he
may be justly said to call it into life and moral being,
while he makes it the distinct object, not only of the
consciousness, but of the conscience. 8. He organizes
the hours, and gives them a soul ; and that, the very
essence of which is to fleet away, and evermore to have
been, he takes up into liis own permanence, and com-
municates to it the imperishableness of a spiritual
nature. Of the good and faithful servant whose ener-
gies, thus directed, are thus methodized, it is less truly
affirmed that he lives in time than that time lives in
him. His days, months, "nd years, as the stops and
punctual marks in the records of duties performed,
will survive the wreck of worlds, and remain extant
when time itself shall be no more.
S. T. Coleridge.
Exercises.— -1. Write a short composition on ' The Advan-
tages of Metliod " from tlie following heads : ( 1 ) The importance
of a place for everything and everything in its place. (2) The
importance of a time for everything. (3) The right words and
l)hrases should be chosen. (4) These words and phrases
should come in the right order, (o) Method enables more and
better work to be done.
2. Explain the following phrases and sentences: (1) The one
is precluded by the shortness of uur intercourse. (2) The othe
is preciudcd by tuc ti'lvialliy of tlu- siibjeels. {'■)) Ne\v tilings
necessitate new terms. (4) The unpiemeditated arrangement
122
FIFTH READER.
Without finding him out '^ ™ """"« » ""'"'" »' "»l°
4. Analyze the ahove sentence.
.. man, ra™ &c '^ ' ™^ '" '"'""'' '"»>' »« '"ed;
8. Note carefully the endings of the following words--
rinllnr -Kt 1. _
Collar
Cella-
Pillar
Vulgar
Vinegar
Mangei"
Paper
Brier
Eager
Waiter
Conductor
Senator
Traitor
Ancestor
Aggressor
Saltpetre
Manoeuvre
Acre
Lucre
Massacre
o ,,^ .^ , "^ iuassacre
y. Write down all the words vou ran fhint ^* i
method and order. "^ ®^ descriptive of
VIRTUE.
Betides', happens. Tide is the
Old English word for season
hour, or time. Cf. noon^rfe,'
Christmas-<j(fe, the tides are the
ebb and flow of the sea at regu-
lar seasons. Cognate, tidings.
Consume', waste away.
Driz'zling, falling in very small
drops ; drizzle and dribble are
diminutives of drip.
Fowl'er, a man who catches birds
QX/otcla,
His, for Us. This poem was writ-
ten in the 16th century ; its did
not come into general use till
the middle of the 17th.
Sub'tle, cunning.
Twain, two, an Old English form
of two. Other forms are twin
ai\d ttoeen (in between), and
twen in ttoenty. Cognates are
"'nne, twist, and ttoig.
Wit, knowledge, -the old mean-
inor /'* .«iA ...
inff.
Cf t.rU^ — ......
I ■ iU
VIRTUE. 128
1. The sturdy rock, for all its strength,
By raging seas is rent in twain ;
The marble stone is pierced at length
With little drops of drizzling rain ;
The ox doth yield unto the yoke ;
The steel obey'th the hammer stroke.
2. The stately stag, that seems so stout,
By yelping hounds at bay is set ;
The swiftest bird that flies about
Is caught at length in fowler's net;
The greatest fish in deepest brook
Is soon deceived with subtle hook.
3. Yea ! man himself, unto whose will
All things are bounden to obey.
For all his wit and worthy skill
Doth fade at length, and fall away.
There is 7io thing but time doth waste, —
The heavens, the earth, consume at laat.
4. But virtue sits triumphing still
Upon the throne of glorious fame ;
Though spiteful death man's body kill,
Yet hurts he not his virtuous name.
By life or death, whatso betides,
The state of virtue never slides.
Anonymous.
I'
Cautions. — Vebse 3.— Line 1: Avoid the verse accent on
unto, and hasten on to all things. Line 2: Avoid the verse-
accent on things. Vekse 4. — Line 2: Avoid the verse accent
on upon, and hasten on to fame. Line 4: The emphatic word
is yet.
I*
124
FIFTH HEADER.
THE ORIGIN OF RIVERS.
111!
Condensed', made cloBor, thicker,
ami honco smaller. Tho word
Is olilefly applied to the change
of , (lywr and stenm Into drops
of water (Lat. denaus, thick).
Opaque', not to be seen through,
— the opposite of transparent
(Lat. opacHs, dark).
Or'ifice, opening (Lat. orificium,
a small opening, from o«, a
mouth, aud facio, I make).
Per'oolated, worked its way
through, drop by drop (Lat.
percolare, to strain throuKli).
Heconvert'ed, changed back ;
from Lat. re, back, and con-
verto, I turn. Cognates: <wi-
vert, conversion, revert, re-
verse: verse (the speech that is
turned back at the end of a
line), version,
Trlb'utaries, feeders.
1. Let us trace a river to its source. Beginning where
it empties itself into the sea, and following it back-
wards, we find it from time to time joined by tributaries
which swell its waters. The river of course becomes
smaller as these tributaries are passed. 2. It shrinks first
to a brook, then to a stream ; this again divides itself
luto a number of smaller streamlets, ending in mere
threads of water. These constitute the source of the
river, and are usually found among hills.
Thus, the Severn has its source in the Welsh moun-
tains; the Thames, in the Cotswold Hills; the Mis-
souri, in the Rocky Mountains ; and the Amazon, in
the Andes of Peru.
3. But it is quite plain that we have not yet reached
the real beginning of the rivers. Whence do the earliest
streams derive their water? A brief residence among
the mountains would prove to you that they are fed by
rams. In dry weather you would find the streams
feeble, sometimes, indeed, quite dried up. In wet
weather you would see them foaming torrents. 4. In
general these streams lose themselves as liU^ threads
of water upon the hillsides; but sometime* you may
lii
THE ORIGIN OF RIVERS,
126
trace a river to a definite Bpring. But you very soon
assure yourself that mvAx springs • 'f' also fed by rain,
which has pereohittd through the rocks or soil, and
which, through somo orifice that it han found or formed,
comes to the light of day.
6. But we cann« >t end here. Whence comes the rain
that forms the mountain streams? Ohservation ena-
bles you to answer the question. Hain does not come
from a clear sky. It comes from clouds.
Hut what are clouds? Is there nothing you are
acquainted with which they resemble? You discover
at once a likeness between them and the condensed
steam of a locomotive. At every ]>uff of the engine, a
cloud is projected into the air. a. Watch the cloud
sharpi} . You notice that it first forms at a little dis-
tance from the top of the funnel. Give close attention,
and you will sometimes see a perfectly clear space
between the funnel and the cloud. Through that clear
space the thing which makes the cloud must pass.
What, then, is this thing which at one moment is
transparent and invisible, and at the next moment visi-
ble as a dense, opaque cloud ?
7. It is the steam or vapor of icater from the boiler.
Within the boiler this steam is tran8j)arent and invisi-
ble ; but to keep it in this invisible state a heat would
be required as great as that within the boiler. When
the vapor mingles with the cold air above the hot fun-
nel it ceases to be vapor. 8. Ev^ry bit of steam shrinks,
when chilled, to a much more minute particle of water.
The liquid particles thus produced form a kind of
water dust of exceeding fineness, which floats in the air,
and is called a cloud. *
9, Watch the cloud-banner from the funnel of a run-
ning locomotive : you see it growing gradually less dense.
!^
#
m
«
126
FIFTH READER.
\THi
iltii
if
It finally molts away altogether, and, if you continue
your observations, you will not fail to notice that the
speed of Its disappearance depends on the character of
tne day. In moist weather the cloud hangs long and
lazily m the air ; in dry weather it is rapidly licked up.
10. What has become of it? It has been reconverted
into true invisible vapor. The drier and the hotter
the air, the greater is the amount of cloud which can
be thus dissolved m it.
Make the lid of a kettle air-tight, and permit the
steam to issue from the pipe; a cloud is formed in all
respects similar to that which issues from the funnel of
the locomotive. „. To produce the cloud, in the case
of the locomotive and the kettle, heat is necessary. By
heating the water we first convert it into steam, and
^hen by chilling the steam we convert it into cloud.
Is there any fire in nature whi produces the clouds
of our atmosphere ? There is, - the fire of the sun.
ihus, by tracing a river backwards from its end to
its real beginning, we come at length to the sun.
EXERCISES.-1. Write a short paper on " The Origin of Riv-
sTu cf";2 "RSn?^"^ 'T''-' ^'^ ^'^'^ ' -- froi^ mouth "o
source. (2) Ram to supply it comes from clouds. (3) Clouds
may be compared to steam from a locomotive. (4) De cripthm
of steam from the funnel of an engine. (5) Heat is necZZ
to produce ciouds. (6) Steps: sun, evaporation, cloZT Ton-
darsauon, rain, river, sea, evaporation 6, «Jn, an/Tk
rnf-*^^''^''''" '^® following phrases and sentences; (1) A brief
CO iTtr""";;^,?^' mountains. (2) The rain whicL hfs per-
colated through the soil. (3) It comes back to the light of dlv
o& T'""^"'- ^'^ ^^^" ^' ^°"d««««d steam (5) The
c»ud has been reconverted into invisible vapor
J;.wfL"i!J.'/,.^_«^^«. '« the following sentence: In moist
' ~~". ""•- ■-'""" """gs iong auu iaxiiyin the ait
4. Analyze the above sentence.
1
A DINNER IN AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE. 127
5. Select from sections 7 and 8 all the words which may be
either nouns or verbs, according to the way in which they are
used, such as notice, cloud, &c.
6. Write an exercise as directed in Exercise 6, page 106.
7. Give the verbs or adjectives from which the following
nouns are derived : division, beginning, residence, observation,
acquaintance, transparency, disappearance, conversion, simi-
larity.
8. Note carefully the endings of the following words: —
Saucy Daisy Lazy
Spicy Rosy Crazy
Delicacy Courtesy Frenzy
Legacy Heresy Dizzy
9. Write down all the words you know descriptive of a river.
i Ll
I, 1
A DINNER IN AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE.
(Time of Edward I.)
As'ate, a kind of precious stone.
Assem'blaKe, company gathered
together.
Da'is, a raised floor, where the
chief table was placed.
Gourds, fruits Avith hard rinds,
such as cucumbers, pumpk'ns,
melons, etc.; /iere, cups made of
the shell of a particular species.
Insipid'ity, tastelessness.
Jack, a kind of beer-jug.
Prin'cipal, chief (Lat. princeps,
chief).
Repast', meal (Lat. pasco, I feed).
Spit, large iron skewer.
Strained, passed through a filter.
Tol'erably, moderately.
Tren'oher, wooden plate ; from
Fr. irancher, to cut.
Vas'sals, servants and tenants.
1. Let US imagine ourselves in one of them, as lookers-
on, and seeing a lord sitting down to dinner with his
guests and his vassals. All are gathered together in
the halL At the upper end, on the dais, where the
ground is somewhat raised and boarded over, sit the
lord and his chief guests. 2. They are protected by a
covering, which, as our host is a great man,* is made of
silk. Below, in "the marsh," sit the vassals, farm ser-
vants and othfirs- Th*> rln^r wriii'/iin ima i»«i^Kr i^o'^"
Widened to let in carts more easily, is closed, to keep out
^m
III
128
FIFTH READER.
li-
the wind, a dim light is let in through the canvas win-
dows, and " the marsh " is made tolerably dry and clean
by litter and rushes. 3. Fish in plenty is served up ; eels
and pike, and even whale, grampus, porpoise, and "sea-
wolves" may be had. There is plenty of beef, and
plenty of mutton, but it is nearly all salted ; and the
bread is rather black. Vegetables are plentiful enough ;
there are no pt .atoes, but there are peas, beans, onions,
garlic, and leeks, pot herbs and sweet herbs. 4. There is
fruit enough, though not equal to what we now have-
There are pears, and particularly one sort, grown by
the monks of Wardon, in Bedfordshire, which are made
into Wardon pies. There are apples, particularly of the
sort called "costard." These cost Is. per 100, or about
12s. at present. Peaches and cherries, and mulberries
too, are not wanting. 5. If we suppose the entertain-
ment to be given in London, the garden of the Earl of
Lincoln, in Holborn, would be ready to furnish a good
supply, for the fruit out of it was sold for above £100
sterling in one year alone. There is plenty of claret, or
dairetSj — so called because the wine was sweetened
with honey, and afterwards strained till it was clear, —
from the English possessions in Gascony, and some sort
of sherry from Spain, for those who sit on the dais ; and
beer and cider enough for those who sit in " the marsh."
6. But the beer is made of a mixture of barley, wheat, and
oats, without hops, which have not yet been '' found out."
The insipidity of the beer is taken off by spices. There
is wine, too, made from English vineyards, but it must
be sour stuff, and fit only for " the marsh." Nobody but
the king ha'fe glass to drink out of, and he has none to
spare for his friends ; but he has cups made of cocoa-
nuts, of gourds, of buffalo horns, and of beautiful agates,
for his priucipai guests. 7. The wooden bowl, the earthen
m
A DINNER IN AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE. 129
J tig, and the leatlieni jack serve w^U enough for the
great bulk of the assenibhige. The tables are .pretty
firm, for their logs are well istuck into the mud floor.
Now that the guests are seated, and ready for tlieir
repast, up comes the meat on a spit, served round by the
servants, and each man cuts off a bit with his knife, and
puts it into his wooden bowl or on his trencher. Most
of the people have wooden spoons, but nobody has a
fork. The i)itchers and jugs are made of earthen ware,
but the plates or dishes are all of wood.
History of England, by William Louyman,
ExEHCiSES. — 1. Write a short account of "An Old English
Diiuier" from the following heads: (1) The lord and his guests
on the dais; the vassals and servants in " the marsh." (2) The
fish. (3) The heef and vegetables. (4) The fruit. (5) The
wine and beer. (6) The cups and bowls. (7) How the meat
was served. (8) The spoons, jugs, and plates.
2. Explain the following sentences: (1) The insipidity of the
beer is taken off by spices. (2) The leathern jack serves well
enough for the great bulk of the assemblage.
3. Parse all the words in the following sentence: The legs of
the tables are well stuck into the mud floor.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
5. Select from sections 5 and (3 all the words which may be
either nouns or verbs, according to the way in which they are
used, such as cost, want, &c.
6. Write an e.xercise as directed in Exercise 6, page 106.
7 Give the verbs or adjectives from which the following
nouns are derived: imagination, dinner, entertainment, mix<
tiire, insipidity^ assemblage.
8. Note carefully the endings of the following words: —
Variety Imagine Seivant Wooden
Anxiety Margin Recent Villain
Society Civility Sweeten Basin
Sobriety Insipidity Medicine Muslin
9. Write down all tUe words you can remember descriptive of
^7.;. ^
III!
180
FIFTH READER.
m
III'
TROPICAL SCENERY.
BuT'trdsses, supports or props.
Ind:,n;enous, native.
JjUxu riant, of rank or excessive
growtL.
Ob'durate, obstinate, and not to
be easily got rid of.
Par'asitQS (vegetable), properly,
plants such as the mistletoe,
whicli Jiave tlieir roots in, and
live on, other plants. The
word is liere used in a popular
sense for a clinging plant, sudi
as ivy,
Profu'sion, great plenty.
Salu'brity, healthfulness.
Squat'led, "sat down " or settled
without asking leave.
Ten'dril, a shoot of a plant that
climbs round another body for
support.
Unencum'bered, not burdened.
I. ihere is scenery in Jamaioa almost equallinir that
ol Switzerland and the Tyrol ; > and there is also, which
IS more important, a temperature among the mountains ^
in which a European can live comfortably.
It is, of course, known that the sugar-cane is the
chief production of Jamaica; but one may travel for
days in the island and see a piece of cane only here and
there. By far the greater ])ortion of the island is cov-
ered with wild wood and jungle, -there called hush.
2. Throughout this, on an occasional favorable spot, and
v-^ry f.'equently along the roadsides, one sees the jjar-
dens or provision-grounds of the negroes. These are
8-pots of land cultivated by them, for which they pay
rent, or on which, as is quite as common, they have
squatted without payment of any kind
Til?''" r';7Jfio"-grounds are very picturesque,
a hey are not h led, as a peasant's garden in England or
in Ireland is fil ed with potatoes and cabbages, tr other
vegetables similarly uninteresting in their growth ; but
they contain cocoa trees, bread-fruit trees, orange, man-
go, ime, plantain, jack-fruit, avocado pear, and a score
of other trees, all of which are luxuriant, some of con-
siderable si.e, and all cf them of great beauty. 4. The
4
I i
TROPICAL SCENERY
181
])otato,
the root 3 alone
is eaten, but iht;
i '3
' i; !l
'jhB:
' m
m
: I f
n
1^
f'.
iji 'I.
132
FIFTH HEADER.
upper part of the yam is fostered and cared for as a
creeper so that tlie ground may be unencumbered by
Its thick tendrils. Suj.port is j.rovided for it, as for
grapes or peas. Then one sees also in these ])rovision-
grounds i)atches of coffee and arrow-root, and occa-
sionally also patches of sugar-cane.
«. One of the most remarkable characteristics of Ja.
maica is the great number of its rivers. It is said that
the original nanu-, Xaymaca, signifies u country of
streams, — a name certainly not undeserved. This
abundance, though it adds to the beauty, as no doubt
It does also to the salubrity and fertilit/of the island
adds something, too, to the difficulty of locomotion!
JMidgc. have not been built, or, sa<l to say, where built
have been allowed to go to dcstructio,.. ()„c. hears that
this river or that river is "down." whcivbv it is signified
that the waters are swollen ; :in,| some of tluM-ivers
when so down are certainly not easy of passage.
7. It was here that I first saw tlK>'full etfect'of tr<n,i-
cal vegetation, and I shall never foiget it. l»ei-h'i|)s
the most graceful of all the woodland ])roductions is
the bamboo. It grows either in clusters, like clumps of
trees 111 an English park, or, as is more usual when
found in Its indigenous state, in long rows by the river-
sides. 8. The trunk of the bamboo is a huge hollow cane
bearing no leaves except at its head. One such cane
alone would be uninteresting enough. But their great
height, the peculiarly graceful curve of their growth
and the excessive thickness of the drooping foliacre of
hundreds of them clustered together, ])roduce an effect
which nothing can surpass.
9. The cotton.tr"f3 is almost as beautiful when stand-
ing alone. The trunk of tliis tree m-inv^ to a ma-nifi.
cent height, and with maonificent^ proportions ; It is
rnoricAL srExrcn v.
133
frequently straiglit ; and those which are most beautiful
throw out no branches till they have reached a height
greater than that of any ordinary tree with us. Nature,
:n order to sustain so large a mass, supplies it with huge
spurs at the foot, which act as buttresses for its support,
f:onneeting the roots immediately with the trunk as
much as twenty feet above the ground. I measured
niore than one, which, including the buttresses, were
Over thirty feet in circumference. Then from its head
the' branches break forth in most luxurious profusion,
co^^ering an enormous extent of ground with their
shrtde.
ii). But the most sti'iking peculiarity of these trees
conrsists in the parasite plants by which they are envel-
oped, and which liang from their branches down to the
ground with tendrils of wonderful strength. Theso
parasites are of various kinds, the fig beinu' the mosv
obdurate with is embraces, ii. It may frequently bt>
seen thai the original tree has departed wholly out ol
siglit, and I should imagine almost wholly from exist
ence, — then the very name is changed, and the cot.
ton-trvr<3 is called a fig-tree. In others the process ot
destruction may be observed, and the interior trunk
may be ncen to be stayed in its growth and stunted m
its raeasuve by tlie creepers which surround it.
12. But it often hap]>ens that the tree has reached its
full growth before the parasites have fallen on it, and
then, in ])lace of being strangled, it is adorned. Every
branch is covered with a wondrous growth, — with plants
of a thousand colors and a thousand sorts. Some droop
with long and graceful tendrils from the boughs, and
80 touch the ground ; while others hang in a ball ot
leaves and flowers, whidi .swings for years.
TTvllopc.
• li
184
t^FTIl UEADElt.
H
m
%
I'l
i.-f
II! ^f
iNOTES.
J. Switzerland and the Tyrol. —These two countries Jle
among the Alps, tlie latter benig a part of the empire of Aus-
tria. They liave, therefore, Alpine scenery; that is, lofty,
sharp-peaked mountains, covered with eternal snow; dark
forests of pine; steep, grass-covered slopes, and quiet, deep
lakes at their feet.
2. Temperature among the mountains.— Jt is well known
that the thermometer (Fahrenheit's) falls one degree for every
533 feet of ascent from the level of the sea. The highest moun-
tains and plateaus in the world arc within the torrid zone, with
the exception of the Himalayas, which are very near it. Thus,
within the tropics, it is pjossible to find every kind of tempera-
ture, climate, and productions.
3. Potatoes arc not roots; they are bulbs containing the buds
or "eyes" for producing new plants.
Composition.— Write a short paptr on Jamaica from the
following heads: 1. The scenery. 2. Tlie productions. 3. The
rivers. 4. The gardens of the r.egroos, '). The bamboo.
6. The cotton-tree. 7. The parasitic plants.
ExKKciSES.— 1. Explain the following phrases: (1) The ne-
groes have squatted upon them without payment of any kind.
(2) The upper part of the yam is fostered as a creeper, so that
the ground may be unencumbered by its thick tendrils. (3) The
great number of its rivers adds to the salubrity and fertility of
Jamaica. (4) The bamboo, in its indigenous state, grows in
long rows by the river-sides. (5) These trees produce an
effect which nothing can surpass. (0) The branches break
forth from the head of the cotton-tree in luxurious profusion.
(7) Of all the parasites, tlie fig is the most obdurate with its
embraces. («} The original tree has departed wholly from
sight.
2. Parse all the words in the following sentence: The branch
of the bamboo is a huge hollow cane, bearing no leaves except
at its head.
Analyze the above sentence.
3.
LAST CUAllGE AT WATEJilOO,
186
DOW : dark
4. Select from the first two sections words wliich luai He used
either as nouns or verbs (such, for example, as equal, course,
&c. ),
5. Give tl»c vjrbs or adjectives from which the following
uouns are derived: pi-oducUon, trnceller, favorllc, fre<juenc>/,
payment, provision, luxuriance, coni'u^ration, remark, ori<ji-
nality, vopiousness, fertility.
(i. With each of the first six words of Exercise 5, »uake a
sentence illustrating its proper use.
7. Write out as many of the compounds of the fy'lowiny
words as you Icnow: equal, comfort, poriion, cover, favor, pay,
common, fill.
8. Write an exercise as directed in Exercise 4, page 32, but
substituting climate and plants for earth and sea.
THE LAST CHARGE OF THE FRENCH AT
WATEiaOO.i
Acclaim', shouting.
Augment', to increase.
Brand, weapon, sword.
Career', course.
Co'hort, boily of men.
Cors'let, a piece of armor cover-
ing the body.
Cuirassiers', oav»lry wearing
breastplates.
Files, ranks.
Por'titude, endurance ; bravery.
Har'bingered, announced, pre-
ceded.
Hav'oc, slaughter ; destruction.
Pen'non, narrow flag.
Pon'derous. heavy.
Becoiled', fel) back.
Revolving knell, »ucc«8»ive
shots.
Ruth'less, without pity.
Ser'rlod, closely drawn i»p.
Shroud, covering.
Weil-servod, discharged stiadily
and quickly.
Whirfwlnd, a fierce gi*^ pro
ceeding with circular uK" ^«*i.
On came the whirlwind, like the last
But fiercest sweep of tempest blast :
On came the whirlwind : steel-gleams broke
Like lightning through the rolling smoke ;
The war was waked anttw.
186
FIFTH HEADER.
r ^11
Three liiuKlroxl cannon-mouths roared loud,
And from their throats, with flash and cloud.
Their showers of iron threw.
Beneath their fire, • in full career,
liushed on the i)onderou8 cuirassier,
The lancer couched his ruthless spear,
And hurrying as to havoc near,
The cohorts' eagles "^ flew.
In one dark torrent, broad and strong,
The advancing onset rolled alonir.
Forth harbingered by fierce acclaim.
That, from the shroud of smoke and flan.e,
Pealed wildly the imperial iiame!^
2. But on the British heart were lost
The terrors of the charging host ;
For not an eye the storm that viewed
Changed its j^roud glance of fortitude;
Nor was one forward footstep stayed
As dropped the dying and the dead.
Fast as their ranks the thunders tear.
Fast they renewed each serried square ; *
And on the wounded and the slain
Closed their diminished files again,
Till from their line scarce spear-lengths three,*
Emerging from the smoke they see
Helmet, and j)lume, and panoply.
Then waked their fire at once!
3. Each musketeer's revolving knell
As fast, as regularly fell.
As when they practise to display
Their discipline on festal day.
Then down went helm and lanc^,
Down were the eagle-banners sent,
Down
reeling steeds and riders wen<^
III'
tl
tl
3.
0]
■oi
•
1 ' 4
LAS7' ciLinai: at watkrloo.
137
Corslets were pierced, and pennons rent ;
And to augment the fray,
WlieekMl full against their staggering flanks,
The Knglish horsemen's foamin": ranks
Forced their resistless way."
4. Then to the musket-knell succeeds
The clash of swords, the neigh of steeds ;
As plies the smith his clanging trade,
Against the cuirass rang the blade ;
And while amid their close array
The well-served cannon rent their way,
And while amid their scattered band
llaged the fierce rider's bloody brand,
Recoiled in conmion rout and fear
Lancer and guai'd and cuirassier,
llovsomeii and foot, — a mingled host!
Their leader fallen, — their standards lost.
Sir W. Scott.
NOTES.
1. June 18, 1&15. Waterloo is near Brussels, in Belgium.
2. Napoleon, in imitation of the ancient Romans, adopted
the eagle as the emblem of France.
3. That is. Napoleon, the Emperor; the soldiers shouted
*' Vive V Emperenr! " — Long live the Emperor!
4. 'I'he British were formed in squares to resist the cavalry.
5. The British had orders not to fire till the French were close
to them.
6. The English Guards now attacked the French Imperial
Guard.
(See pages 297-302. )
Composition. — Write an account of the French charge from
the following heads : 1. Charge of the French cuirassiers with
their standards. 2. The British quietly waiting in square.
3. They wait till the French almost touch them. 4. Then
open fire.
in I* x» i_
5. Cool, Steady aim
1. Frfiuch drivcii back
6. English Guards attack the
Vdb
I'lFTIi liEAUKH.
ExEiJcisES.— 1. Expliiiu the follow inij phrases- ID s.p^i
3. Analyze the above sentence. .
uouus. fe////.t.^ y/c',/m, mir, tenor, band, fear, practice.
(Iji
'IIIOIJOUGIINESS IN WORK.
Ad'aRe. sliort pithy sayhig, or
provoili.
Asso'ciated, connected with.
Contin'uous, going on without a
l»ie;ik.
Coun'terpart, somothijig exactly
corres[i()ii(ling lo.
Dig'rufied, ni.ulo worthy.
Man'ual, by hand; from Lat
manus, tiie hand.
Men'tal ia'bor, hibor with the
Iiead or mind ; tioai Lat. iiiena,
the mind.
Scamp'inK work, doing itquickly
and wiihout sutticient care and
hiterest in it.
I. Tl.oro.ighncss in work is the chief end of all educa-
tion, whetlier that edtication is displayed in mental or
in manual labor. " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to
do, do It with thy might." That is the golden rule
M'lieh ought to be engraved on the heart of every man
whatever may be his condition in life, and whatever
the work lie is called upon to do. 2. Nelson's last sig-
nal, "England expects every man to do his duty"-^
which thrilled the heart, of our British sailors before
the victory of Trafalgar, — does but express the idea that
IS the maiusprmg of all true greatness, whether national
or private; namely, thoroughness in work.
TUonoiKJIlNESS IN WOllK.
189
fcuppose, mstoafl of that famous sisjnnl with whicJi
the name of Nelson will be forever associated, the fol-
lowing had been i)resented to tlie ey.'s of our ar^tonished
seamen : —
" Pfe that fights ami runs away
May live to fight utiother day;
But lie that is in battle slain
Will uover live to fight again."
And suppose our sailors had acted according to this
advice, and fled from the fight, wliat disgrace would
have fallen on the name of England !
.1. The base and cowardly adage just quoted has its
counterpart in the proverb of unfaithful workmen, who
say that "good work is bad for trade"; and their
meaning is, that, if they make good work, the articles
will last too long, and they will get less to do. No greater
mistake than this could be committed, as the following
little piece of truthful history clearly proves.
4. Switzerland is a country famous for its education
and Its watches; yet neither knowledge nor skill will
bring continuous prosperity without the exercise of that
higher quality, thoroughness in work. As a rule, Swiss
workmen are skilful in their v.irious trades, and take an
interest in their work; iov. on account of their superior
education, they fully understand the advantages, not
only to their masters, l,ut also to themselves, of never
putting a bad piece of work out of their Ijands.
5. The consequences of scami)ing work, and making
watches to sell rather than to keep time correctly, have
lately been seen at St. Imier, in the Bernese Jura, and
have produced a deep imj)ression. In tins district, for
some years past, a great falling off in the quality of
the watches has taken place, owing to the inhabitants de-
base tiieir proiits oy Turnishinj; an mferior
iPii? t
xj iiic;
140
PiFTir RE A DER.
article. 6. They prospen d for a considerable time, but
finally their watches got such a bad' name that nobody
would buy them, and the result is that the masters have
become bankrupt, and the people have been thrown out
of employment.
Workmen in every branch of industry should keep
in mind that they have their own and their country's
character to maintain for excellence. 7. No station is
so high as to be exempt from this duty ; none so low as
not to be dignified by the faithful discharge of it. The
works themselves upon which all this labor is bestowed
will perish ; but the qualities which have been gained
by the faithful and honest discharge of the daily duties
of life will endure forever, and will find scope for their
exercise in a higher and holier sphere.
Inmigural Address by Mr. Walter, M. /•., at
London Quebec Institute, November, 1874,*
! 'I
m I
I'LL FIND A WAY, OR MAKE IT.
Aspira'tion, what you aspire to
or long to reach ; from Lat. ad,
to, and spirare, to breathe.
Croak'er, a familiar or contempt-
uous word for one who always
talks gloomily about things.
Hel'icon, the name of a clear,
«Mystal spring on the side of
Mount Parnassus in Greece,
at which the god Apollo
and the Muses were said to
drink.
It was a noble Roman,
In Rome's imperial day,^
Who heard a coward croaker
Before the castle say,
" They 're safe in such a fortress ;
T, lere is no way to shake it ! "
" On ! on ! " exclaimed the hero ;
" ) '11 find a way, or make it ! "
I'LL FIND A WAY, OR MAKE IT. Ul
2. Is Fame your aspiration '/
Her path is steep and liigh ;
In vain he seeks her temple,-
Content to s^aze and si<xb.
The shining throne is waiting,
But he alone can take it
Who says, with Honian finiiness,
" I Ml find a way, or make it I "
3. Is Learning your ;nnbition ?
There is no royal road ;
Alike the peer and peasant
Must climb to her abode :
Who feels the thirst for knowledge
In Helicon n»ay slake it, *
If he has still the Itoman will
^'To Hnd a way, or make it!"
4. Are riches worth the getting?
They must be biuicely sought ;
With wishing and with frettintr
The boon cannot be bought :
To all the pri/x' is open,
But only he can take it
Who says, with Roman courage,
" I '11 find a way, or make it ! " saxt.
rn
NOTES.
1. About the time of Christ the dominions of Rome em-
braced all the countries bordering on tlie Mediterranean, as far
north as the Danube, and as far east as the C aspian Sea and the
Euplirates; also, all west of the Rhine.
2. The Romans had a Goddess of Fame; to her a temple was
dedicated, and all those wlio acquired glory were said to have
seats iu her iempie. As fame Is hard to attain, therefore the
temple is represented as being situated ou a steep U'll.
1.
\M
142
\
nj^TH READER,
THE CHARACTER OF NELSON.
Achjeve'ment. finishing stroke.
Applaud'ed, praised highly,
Aapira'tions, high liopes.
Assured', made certain.
Career', course (of life).
Ooo'kle-boat.or cock -boat, a small
boat belonging to a ship.
Confld'inpT, trusting.
Cruise, sailing to and fro.
Cypress, the symbol of mourning.
Depressed', made gloomy.
La'cerated, torn.
Lau'rel, bay tree (badge of vic-
tory).
Mor'tifying, vexing, humbling.
Per'emptori'y, in an authorita-
tive manner.
Ra'diant, bright, shining.
Be'alized, made good.
Rev'erie, dream-like thinking.
Surmount', get over.
Trans'port, highest delight.
1 This darling hero of his country, when eiohteen
years of aa^e. was nhVum^ t^ vof^ ^-- -
.^ - ~ o •' '*' it-iUiu 11 will sea on acoount
THE CHARACTER OF NEL&ON. I43
of the bad state of his healtli, and to leave his brother
ofTicers, then, like himself, beginning their career, in the
tiill enjoyment of health and hone. Tliis depressed his
spirits very much ; and long afterwards, when the fame
of Nelson was known as widely as that of England itself,
he spoke of the feelings which he at that time endured
2. '^ I felt im])ressed," said he, "l' that I should never rise
m my ])iofession. My mind was sta-gcred with a view
of the difficulties which T had to surmount, and the lit.
tie interest I possessed ; I could discover no means of ^
reaching the object of my ambition. After a Ion- and
gloomy reverie, in which I almost wished mvself "over-
hoard, a sudden glow of patriotism was kindled within
me, and It presented my king and countrv as mv patrons.
U oil, then," 1 exclaimed, " I will be a h Jro ; ai'.d, confid-
mg m Providence. T will brave every danger." 3. From
tliat hour, as he often declared to Captain liardv a
radiant orb was suspended before his mind's eve, which
urged Inm op ^o renown ; and he sj)oke of these aspira-
tions of hi. . . h as if they had in them a character of
divinity, a. .r "the light which led him on was licht
from Heaven." 1. Although the promotion of Nelson
was as rapid as it could be, yet it was much too slow for
his ardent ambition. He was never happy for a moment
when not on actual service. In a letter to tlie Lords of
the Admiralty in 1792, requesting a shii), he says, "If
your lordships will only be j>leased to appoint me to a
cockle-boat, I shall feel grateful."
5. After the sieges of Calvi and Bastia in 1793, in
ivhich Nelson displayed military talents which would
not have disgraced a general, liis services, bv an uni>ar-
donable omission, were altogether overlooked ; his name
1 1 "^* ^^^" appear in the list of woun<
had lost an eye. "One b'mdred and te
lo-f
lays," said ho,
IIP
m
iij'
144
FIFTH READER.
" I have been actually engaged at sea and on shore against
the enemy; three actions against ships, two against
Bastia in my own shij), four boat-actions, two villages
t.ikon, and twelvt^ vessels burnt. 6. I do not know that
any one has done more. I have had the comfort to be
always applauded by my^commander-in-chief, but never
to be rewarded; and what is more mortifying, for ser-
vices in which ^ have been wounded others have been
praised, who at the same time were actually in bed,
far from the scene of action. They have not done me
justice ; but never mind, I '11 have a Gazette of my own."
How amply was this second-sight of glory "realized!
7. Previous to his attack on Teneriffe,' after having
failed in an attemi»t' to take it before, he wrote to hi^
commander-in-chief, "This night I command the whole
force destined to land under the batteries of the town,
and to-m<n-iow my head will probably be crowned either
with laurel or cypi-ess." Perfectly aware how desjierjite
a service his was likely to prove, he called his step-son.
Lieutenant Nisbet, into his cabin, that he mighi assist
in arranging and burning his mother's letters. 8. Per-
ceiving tliat the young nan was armed, he earnestly
begged him to remain behind. " Should we both fall,
Josiah," said he, "what will become of your poor
mother? The care of the Theseus falls to you ; stay,
therefore, a!i<l take care of her." Nisbet replied : " Sir,
the siiip must take care of herself. I will go -with you
to-night, if I never go again."
9. The boats landed amidst powerful discharges from
forty or fifty pieces of cannon, with musketry fj-orn one
end of the town to the other. Nelson, when in the act
of stepping out of the boat, received a shot through the
right elbow and fell ; Nisbet, who was close to hhu,
}imK^d aim m Ui^ bottom of tb^^ boat, He then exam-
THE CHARACTER OF NELSON.
145
ined the wound, and, taking a silk handkerchief from liis
neck, bound it above the lacerated blood-vessels, and thus
saved his life. lo. One of the bargemen tore his shirt
into shreds and made a sling for the wounded arm ;
Nisbet took one of the oars, and, collecting four or five
seamen, rowed back towards tlie vessel. Nelson desired
to be raised up, that he "might look a little about him,"
w hen a general shriek was heard from the Fox, which
had received a shot under water and was going down.
Ninety-seven men sank with her, and eighty-three
were s-^ved, many by Nelson himself, whose exertions
on this occasion materially increased the pain and
danger of the wound, ii. The first ship which the
boat could reach happened to be the Seahorse ; but
nothing could induce him to go on board, though he
was assured that the attempt to row to another shi|)
might be at the risk of his life. " I had rather suffer
death," said he, "than alarm Mrs. Froemantle by letting
her see me in this state, when I can give her no tidings
of her husband. 12. He was then 5-0 wed alongside the
Theseus, and ])eremptorily refused all assistance in get-
ting on board ; so impatient was he that the boat should
return, in hopes of saving a few more men from the
Fox. He desired to have only a single rope thrown
over the side, which he twisted round his left hand.
" Let me alone ! " said he ; " I have yet my legs left
and one arm. Tell the surgeon to get his instruments ;
I know I must lose ray right arm, so the sooner it is off
the better."
13. It was Nelson's practice during a cruise, whenever
circumstances would permit, to have his captains on
board and explain his plans to them fully. He had
uuiic tilis prcviuus lu tnc uuiiic ui inu iMiu ; anu, wnen
Captain Berry, on comprehending the design of doubling
ill
"""T"^ ?^ '' " « " *°WWI
m
146
F/rr/f nEiHEn.
oi
<M. the enemy's ships, evolainuHl witli transport, 'q>
we succeed, what will the world say?" "There is „<.
{/'in the case," replied Nelson ; "that we shall succeed
IS certain : who may live to tell the story is a very dif-
lerent question."
H. In the battle of the Nile the French had a superi
rity over the British of one hundred and eighty-four
.iruns and three thousand and eighty-two .nen ; yet thev
lost five sail taken, th.ree sail burne.l, one driven on
shore and fired, and thi-ee friirates. " \'ictr.rv " said
Nelson, " is not a name stron- enouo-h fo,- inch 'an
achievv ment : it should he called a concjuest."
... Sortlhey.
ExFRcisEs - 1 W,ifc a short paper on Lo.m, Nklson fro.u
the following heads: ( I ) His weak health when vonng. (2) Slow
promofon^ ,•]) Never happy hnt wlien on service. (4? H s
attack on Teneriffe. (5) Mis con.hict when wounded
2. Explam the following phrases and st-ntenees: (i) Mv mind
was staggered with a view of the ditlienkies I had to surmount
(2) By an unpardcvable omission. {:]) My liead wiil be crowned
either with laurel or with cypress. (4) He peremptorily n''
tused all assistamv m getting on board. '5) Such an achieve-
3. Parse all the words in the following sentence: Victorv is
not a name strong enough for such an achievement.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
.">. Select from sections 10 and 14 all the words which may b.
used either as nouns or verbs, such as prartlre (pmrthp'ih^
verb), cruise, board, etc. Mmun^p, ui(s
«. Write an exercise as directed in Exercise (5, page lOG
i. (xive the verbs or adjectives from whicli the followino
nouns are derived: darling (^ drar-lin^)^ ohUuation, enjoy:
>»nit ftealth, depression, difficulty , possession, discovery ic
clamatwn, coiifidence, divinity, pleasure, gratitude, omission
applause. ' ■
147
THE RETREAT FROM .ArosCOW.
Afs'onizing:, causing pain.
Alter'nately, by turns, first in
one way, then in anotlier (Lat.
alter, one of two).
Attract'inK, drawing to them
(Lat. od, to, and trnlio, I draw).
Autom/atona, self-moving ma-
oVne^ (Gr. outomafos, self-
iiioving).
Biv'ouac. encampment of an army
without tents.
Car'tridRe, a paper casn •ontain-
ing a cliarge of gunpo-vder.
Decomposed', caused to tiec^ay.
Diluted, thinned by mixing witli
water,
Dole'ful. sad (Lat. t/otm, I grieve).
Exhaua'tion, utter weariness.
Monot'onous, never varying.
Spec'tres, gliosis (Lat, spectrum,
an appearance).
Stu'por, state of unconsciousne.ss.
1. On the day after Napoleon's departure the sky e.x-
hibited a dreadful appearnnce. You miirht see icy par-
ticles floating in the air ; and the birds falling quite stiff
and frozen. We flitted along in this empire of death
like unhappy spirits. The dull and monotonous sound
ot our steps, the crackling of the snow, and the feeble
groans of the dying, were the only interruptions to the
vast and doleful silence. 2. Such of our soldiers as had
hitherto been the most persevering here lost heart en-
tirely. Whenever they stopped for a moment from
exhaustion, the winter, laying his heavy and icy hand
upon them, was ready to seize his prev. In vain did
these poor unfortunates, feeling benumbed, raise them-
selves, and, already deprived of the power of speech,
and sunk m a stupor, proceed a few steps like automa-
tons, and then stagger as if they had been intoxicated
3. i^ rom their eyes, which were reddened and inflamed
by the continual glare of the snow, by the want of sleep,
and by the smoke of the bivouac, there flowed real
tears of blood; their bosoms heaved with deep sighs •
•^ '. " "■ ' • "' -=M ^^^ tio, ami at ine earth, with an
eye dismayed, fixed, and wild ; it expressed their fa»n»-
i-
SHI!
"i
m
'mm
P1||§|i'i
148
FIFTH READER.
well, and perhaps their reproaclies, to the barbarous
climate which had tortured thcin. 4. It was not long
before they fell upon their knees, and then upon their
hands; their heads still wiivered for a few minutes alter-
nately to the right and left, and from their open mouths
some agonizing sounds escaped ; at last they fell upon
the snow, and their sufferings were at an end. Their
comrades, for fear of prolonging the journey, i>assed
by without moving a step out of the way, or even
turning their heads ; for their beards and their hair were
stiffened with the ice, and awaYy movement was pain.
5. Such were the last days of the Grand Army of
France. Its last flights were still more dreadful..
Those whom the night surprised marching together, far
from every habitation, halted on the bordevs of the
woods ; there they lighted their fires, before which they
remained during the whole night, erect and motionless,
like spectres. They seemed as if they could .lever have
enough of the heat; they kept so close to it as to burn
their clothes, as well as the frozen parts of their bodies.
The most dreadful pain then comj)elled them to stretch
themselves on the snow, and the next day they attempted
in vain to rise. 6. In the mean time, those whom the
winter had almost wholly spared, and those who still
retained some portion of courage, prepared their melan-
choly meal. It consisted, ever since they had left Smo-
lensk, of some slices of horse-flesh broiled, and some rye
meal diluted into a thin soup with snow-water, or kneaded
into muffins, which they seasoned, for want of salt, with
the powder of their cartridges. The sight of these fires
was constantly i tracting fresh spectres, who m ere driven
back by the first comers. They then laid themselves
nOWn 111 flip KlliiVV llpllilK"? thoil» mrvv'i ■frwi.+ nnof o nn-n^t^nAns
and there ex])ired. *
THE RETREAT FROM MOSCOW. I49
Exp:RciaE8, — 1. Write a short composition on '* The Retreat
of the French from Moscow " from tlie following heaiis: ( I ) The
appearance of the sky. (2) The dull, monotonous tread of the
men. (3) A soldier stops, and then gradually sinks, never to
rise again. (4) At night the sohliers light fires on the edge of
the woods. (5) Their food. (0) The death of those who can-
not get near the fires.
2. Explain the following phrases and sentences: (1) The
monotonous sound of our steps was the only interruption to this
doleful silence. (2) The soldiers proceeded a few steps like
automatons. (3) The night surprised them. (4) Rye meal
diluted into a thin soup.
3. Parse all the words in the following sentence: On the day
after Napoleon's departure the sky exhibited a dreadful appear-
ance.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
.5. Select from sections 5 and 6 all the words that may be
either nouns or verbs, according to the M-ay in which they are
used, as surprise, march, halt, border, etc.
6. Write an exercise as directed in Exercise 6, page 106.
7. Give the verbs or the adjectives from which the following
nouns are derived: departure, appearance, interruptions, ex-
haustion, sufferings, movement.
8. Note carefully the endings of the following words : —
w* 'I
Magnificent
Innocent
Complacent
"Violent
Ancient
Insolent
Confident
Vacant
Elegant
Consonant
Brilliant
Fragrant
Pleasant
Abundant
Negligent
Excellent
Consequent
Patient
Different
Indolent
Sufficient
9. Write down all the words you know descriptive of a snow-
storm.
if ■■":;• n
:::^%
m
\60
Frrrii reader.
m '
^lii
h
SPKIXG 18 COME.
Athwart'. acogH. j gpr^y^ ,i^.,„ ^^.j^
Eaher.air. .| Traaslu'oent. clear, but not
Lea, flol.l or meadow. tranHp.irentlv «o.
Quire = choir, a bai f sin««is. , Ver'aal. iM-loi.giny t.. si.ni,-.
I. Yd coax the timid venluiv
Along tlie hills of spring,
iiluo skies and gentle breezes,
And soft clouds wandering I ^'^
The quire of birds on buddii-
si)i'ay,
Loud larks in ether, sing:
A fresher i)ulse, a wider da\ ,
Give joy to everything.
The gay translucent morning
Lies glittering on ihi^ sea,
The noonday sprinkles shadow
Athwart the daisied lee ;
The round sun's sinking scarlet L
rim
Tn vapor hideth he,
The darkling hours ai-e
cool and dim.
As vernal niuht should
'^i!
i^^--^'f=s-v-'mm^**^.m^.m^^ :-^^
THE DEATH OF XELSOX.
151
3. Our earth ha.s not groun ai?(Vi,
With all her countless years ;
She works and never wearies,
Is glad and nothing fears :
The glow of air, broad land and wave.
In season reappears,
And shall, when sluinber m the grave
These hunian snules and tears.
IVUtiam AUinijIuiin.
r.^UTiox8 _ Vekse l.-Li.i« ,S: Do not emphasize thiwj.
VE.i«E ^. ~ Lnie2: Avoid the verse accent upon on, and make
on-tU-m, oue word. Line 8: Emphasize Hhonld slightly
THE DEATH OF NELSON.
Alle'viate, to littteu or make
more bearable; from hat. Itv^"
light.
Badg'es, marks, 8igns,or emblems.
Ep'aulette, a dhouluei- ornament.
Humanity, such Rludncss as
ought to l»e shown by human
beijigs to human beings.
Sublim'est, the grandest that can
be thought of.
TiFler, the handle for moving the
ruiUler.
1. It had been part of Nelson's prayer ^ that the British
fleet might be distinguished by humanity in the victory
which he expected. Setting an example himself, he
twice gave orders to cease firing upon the Redoubtable ^
supposing that she had struck « because her great ^xms
were silent; for, as she carried no flag, there was no
means of mstantly ascertaining the fact. Irom this
ship, which he had thus twice spared, he received his
death. 2. A ball, fired from her mizzen-top,* which, in
the then situation of the t^vo vessels, was not more than
^-..>v^.^ x.^xxi ii;aL pan or cne aeuk wiiore iie was
stPncMng, struck the epaulette on his left shoulder, about
w
FJPTH READER.
a quarter after one, ju«t in the lieat of aetion. lie fell
upon bis face, on the spot which was covered with his
l»oor secretary's Mood. Hardy, who was a fcAV steps
from liiiii, turning round, «iw three men raiHinu^him u)*.
"They have done for me at last, Hardy," said he. " I
hope not," cried Hardy. "Yes," herejdii-d, "my hack-
hone is shot through."
3. Yet even now, not for a moment losing his presence
of n ind, he observed, as they were carrying him down
the ladder, that the tiller ropes, which had been shot
away, were not yet replaced, and ordered that new ones
should be rove* immediately ; then, thai he might not
be seen by the crew, he took out his hantlkerchief, and
covered his face and his stars. Had he but concealed
these badges of honor from the enemy, England per-
haps would not have had cause to receive with s rrow
the news of the battle of Trafalgar. 4. The cockpit * was
crowded with wounded and dying men, over whose
bodies he was with some difficulty conveyed, and laid
upon a pallet in the midshij>men's^ berth. It was soon
perceived, upon examination, that the wound was
mortal. This, however, was concealed from all except
Captain Hardy, the chaplain, and the medical attend-
ants. (5. He himself being certain, from the sensation in
his back and the giidh of blood he felt momently M'ithin
his breast, that no human care could avail him, insisted
that the surgeon should leave him, and attend to those
to whom he might be useful : " For," said he, " you can
do nothing for me." All that could be done was to fan
him with paper, and frequently give him lemonade to
alleviate his intense thirst, o. He was in great pain,
and expressed much anxiety for the event of the action,
which now began to declare itself. As often as a ship
struck, the cicw of the Victoiy liurrahc'd, and at every
THE DEATH OF NELSON.
158
hurrah a visible exprcsKioii of joy gleamed in the eyes
.111(1 marked the eounten.'iiu'o of the (lyin^ hero.
7. Hut he became impatient to see Captain Hardy ; and
as that officer, though often sent for, couM not leave the
deck, NelHon feared that some fatal cause j.revented
him, and rejjcatedly cried, " Will no one bring Hardy to
me? He must be killed: He is surely dead ! " An
hour and ten minutes elapsed from the time when Xel-
8on received his wound before Hardy could come to him.
8. They shook hands in silence. Hardy in vain struggling
to suppress the feelings of that most painful yet sublim-
esi moment. " Well, Hardy," said Nelnon, « how goes
the day with us ? " « Very well," replied Hardy ; " ten
ships have struck, but five of .lu: an have tacked, and
show an intention to bear ''own up n the Victory. I
have called two or three of on fresh ships round, and
have no doubt of giving them r driboing." " I hope,"
said Nelson, " none of our ships have struck." Hardy
answered, "There was no fear of that." 9. Then, and
not till then, Nelson spoke of himself. « I am a dead
man. Hardy," said he; "I am going fast; it will be all
over with me soon ; come nearer to me," Hardy ob-
served that he hoped Mr. Beattie could yet hold out
some prospect of life. " O, no," he replied, " it is im-
possible; my back is shot through, — Beattie will tell
you so." Captain Hardy then once more shook hands
with him, and, with a hoart almost bursting, hastened
upon deck.
10. By this time all feeling below the breast was gone;
and Nelson, having made the surgeon ascertain this,
said to him, " You know I am gone ; I know it, — I feel
something rising in my breast" (putting his hand on his
left 8ide) " which tells nw so." And ui)on Ik-attie's
Miquiring whether his pam \s ;is very great, he replied,
iff*
I
154
FIFTH READER.
"So great, that Iwish I was dead." "Vet," said
he in a lower voice, "one would like to live a little
longer too."
n. Captain Hardy, sotne fifty minutes after h- had left
the cockpit, returned, and, again taking the hand of his
dying friend and commander, congratulated him on
having gained a complete victory. How many of the
enemy were taken he did not know, as it was impossil.it.
to perceive them distinctly, but fourteen or fifteen at
loa. . " That 's well," cried Xelson ; "but I bargained
tor twenty." 12. And then, in a stronger voice, he said,
"Anchor, Hardy, anchor." Hardy upon this hinted that
Admiral Collingwood« would take upon himself the
direction of affairs. " Xot while I live, Hardy," s.-iid the
dying Xelson, ineffectually endeavo>ingto raise himself
from the bed; "do you anchor." His previous or<k-r
for preparing to anchor had shown how clearly he fore-
saw the necessity of this. la. Presently, calling Hardy
back, he said to him in a low voice, "Don't throw me
(»yerboard," and he desired that he might be buried by
his pareutK, unless it should please the king to order
otherwise. " Kiss me, Hardy," said he. Hardy knelt
down and kissed his cheek, and Xelson said, "X'ow, I
am satisfied. Thank God, I have done my duty."
Hardy stood over him in silence for a moment or two,
then knelt again, and kissed his forehead. "Who is
that?" said Xelson; and being informed, he rejhied,
" God bless you, Hardy." And Hardy then left liim ~
torever. ,, ,,
NOTES.
1. Before going mto the action, ?:elson wrote a prayer, one
of the petitions being, " May humanitv iiftfli- viofn. v k« h.„
^iolnjuaut feature in the British fleet!" ' * '"^
ft
THE DEA TH OF NELSON.
156
2. One of the largest vessels of the French fleet. Nelson had
ordered his own vessel, the Victory, to he laid alongside the
Redoubtable.
;?• ',! To st"ke a flag," that is, to take it down, is the manner
ot indicating surrender to the enemy.
4. Mizzen-top. The - nuzzen-mast " is the mast nearest tlu.
stern m three-masted vessels. The - top " is a small platform
at the top of the lowest division of the mast.
5. Rove is the past participle of reeve, to pass a rope through
a block, or any aperture: the past tense is also rove.
6. The cockpit is a room in a man-of-war below the level ot
the water, for the reception and care of the wounded.
7. A youth on board a man-of-war in training for an otticer's
position; he holds a rank between the common seaman and the
officer.
8. Admiral Coll ingwood was second in ,;ommand toXelson-
he led the left wing of the fleet into action. '
ExEKoisE.s,-l. Write a short paper on "The Death of
Nelson' from the following heads; (1) A ball is fired from the
Prench ship Kedoubtable. (2) Nelson falls on hi;^ face (3) He
IS carried down into the cockpit. (4) No hope. (5) Hardy is
?o?l^?'' , ^V ^'' "^'*''' ^"^^ '^'*^« ""»"^«'- of sl»ip8 taken.
(8) Nelson's last moments.
2. Explain the following phrases and sentences: (1) There
was no means of instantly ascertaining the fact. (2) He ordered
new ropes to be rove immediately. (3) To alleviate his intense
thirst. (4) An hour and ten minutes elapsed. (5) The surgeon
could not hold out any prospect of life. (6) Ineffectually
endeavoring to raise himself from the bed. (7) He foresaw U e
necessity of anchorinsr.
3. Parse all the words in the following sentence: A ball
struck the epaulette on his left shoulder, about a quarter after
one, just in the heat of action.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
Note carefully the endings of the following words: —
Generous
Necessary
Reciprocal
Curious
Naval Battle.
Generosity Ferocious Ferocity
Necessity Veracious Veracity
Reciprocity Sagacious Sagacity
Curiosity Tenacious Tenacity
tiic worug you kiiuw uescripiive ot
-11
A
156
FIFTH READER.
11
■■ ■ ■ 1'
TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF MARIE
ANTOINETTE.
Ad'equate, fully equal. From
Lat. ad, to, aud xquus, equal.
BuMetin, a kind of official report
or newspaper. From Lat.
bulla, a seal. Hence, tlie
Pope's liull, of which buUetin
18 the Uiniiuutive.
Dauphiness'.wife of tlxeDauphin,
— the title given to the eldest
son of the king of France.
It is taken from the name of a
former province of Franco,
Dauphine, the ancient lords of
which had, it is said, a dolphin
(Fr. dauphin) as a crest.
Escort'ed by, attended by. From
Fr. escorte,- from Lat. ^,r,
thoroughly, and corngen, to
act ricrht.
Extrem'ities, ends. Fr6m. Lat
extremus, extreme,— the super-
lative degree of extra, with-
out; through the Fr. exfr^-
mitc.
Indict'ment {lii-dlt'-menf), paper
containing the charges against
the accused. From Lat. in,
against, and dk'fo, I keep say-
ing. Hence also, dictate, dic-
tation, dictatorial.
Lacon'io, very short. The inhab-
itants of Laconia, or Lacedav
mon, were celebrated for their
brevity in speaking ; they were
called Lar6nes; hence, brief
speech Is called lacomc.
Patrols', bodies of troops sent
"ist to keep i:;c streets clear.
MA n IE A N TOINE TTE.
157
patrouiller, to
From 1 r.
paildle.
Pend'ing, is being discussed and
weighed. B'roin J.at. pcnderi',
to weigh. Hence also, fj:-
pend, spend (a shorter form),
expense ; pension,
Tar'nished, stained. From Fr.
ternir, to stain. (The broad
pronunciatioM of the e before
r has cliangcd the spelling.)
Wail, loud expressions ol great
sorrow or pain.
Whi'lom, formerly. (It is a word
formed like ihem and seldom,
and these are the only three
old dative plurals in the lan-
guage.)
1. Oil Monday, tlie 14lli of October, 1793, a cause is
pending in the Palais de Justice,' in the new revohition-
aiy court, such as these old stone walls never before
\vitnes.sed — the trial of Marie Antoinette.'-^ The once
brightest of queens, now tarnished, defaced, forsaken,
stands here at Fouquier-Tinville's judgment-bar, an-
swering for her life! The indictment was delivered to
her last night. To such changes of human fortune, what
words are adequate ? Silence alone is adequate.
2. Marie Antoinette, in this her utter abandonment
and hour of extreme need, is not wanting to herself, the
imperial woman. Her look, they say, as that hideous
indictment was reading, continued calm; ".she was
sometimes observed moving her fingers, as when one
plays on the piano." You discern, not without interest,
across that dim revolutionary bulletin itself, how she
bears herself queenlike. 3. Her answers are prompt, clear,
often of laconic brevity ; resolution, which has grown
contemptuous without ceasing to be dignified, veils itself
in calm word.s. "You persist, then, in denial?" "3Iy
plan is not denial : it is the truth I have said, and I
})er8i8t in that." Scandalous Hebert has borne his
testimony as to many things — as to one thing, concern-
ing Marie Antoinette and her little son — wherewith
human speech had better not further be soiled. 4. She
has answered H^bprf. ? n inrvmnn liAnrc fo rwKani'tro t■^tnt
she has not answered as to thif " I have not answered,"
UH
FIFTH HEAimn.
:i
f»
' V' '
^lu« oxclainis, with nobl< amotion, "hecause nature r-
fuses to answer such a charge brought against a mother.
I appeal to all the mothers that are here." Robespierre,'*
when he heard of it, broke out into something almost
hke swearing at the brutish blockheadism of this
Hebert, on whose foul head his foul lie has recoiled.
r.. At four o'clock on Wednesday morning, after two days
and two nights of interrogating, jury-charging, and other
<larkening of counsel, the result comes out, — sentence of
death. "Have you anything to say?" The accused
shook her head, without speech. Xicrht's candles are
burning out; and with her, too. Time is finishing, and
It will be Eternity and Day. This hall of Tinville's is
dark, ill-lighted, except where she stands. Silently she
withdraws from it to die.
fi. Two processions, oi- royal progresses, three-and-
twenty years apait, haye often struck us with a strange
fcelmg of contrast. The first is of a beautiful Arch-
duchess and Dauphiness, quitting her mother's city,
at the age c. fifteen, towards hopes such as no other
daughter of Eye then had. "On the morrow," says
Weber, an eyewitness, "the Dauphiness left Vienna.
The whole city crowded out; at first with a sorrow
which was silent, i. She appeared : you saw her sink
back into her carriage, K_>r face bathed in teai-s, hidin«
her eyes now with her handkerchief, now with her hancf
seyeral times putting out her head to see yet again this
palace of her fathers, whither she was to return no more.
She motioned her regret, her gratitude, to the good
nation which was crowding here to bid her farewell.
Then arose not only tears, but piercing cries, on all
sides. Men and women alike abandoned themselyes tc
such expression of their sorrow. It was an audible sound
of wail in the streets and ayenues of Vienna. The laet
.UA n IE A X TO/XE TTK.
150
courier that followed hor (lisnpi.eared, and the crow.]
nu'ltod away."
8. The young imperial maiden of fifteen lijis noM-
become a worn disero'vned widow of thirtv-eicrht <n'av
before her time -this is the last proeessionr A^fei
mniutes after the trial ended, the drums were ber in«
to arms rn all sections; at sunrise the armed force wa^
on foot, camions getting ,,laced at the extremities of the
bridges, m the s(inares, crossways, all along from the
I alais de Justice to the Place de la Revolution. By ten"
o clock, numerous i)atrols were circulating in the streets-
thirty thousand foot ami horse drawn up under arms.'
0. At eleven, Marie Antoinette was brought out. She had
on an undress of ,,if,u6 blanc. She was led to the place
ot execution in the same manner as an ordinary criminal
bound (m a cart, acconii.anied i)y a constitutional priest
m lay dress, escorted by numerous det.-chments or
infantry and cavalry. These, and the double row ,.;
troops all along her road, she appeared to regard with in-
difterencc. On her countenance there was visible neither
abashment nor pride. To the cries of " Vive la Hepub
hque!'^ and "Down .vith Tyranny ! " which attended
her all the way, she seemed to pav no heed. lo. She spoke
little to her confessor. The tricolor streamers on the
house-tops occupied her attention, in the streets Du
Houle and Saint-Honorc^ ; she also noticed the inscrip-
tions on the house-fronts. On reaching the Place de
la Hevolution, her looks turned towards the Jardin
National, whilom Tuileries; her face at that moment
gave signs of lively emotion. She mounted the scaffold
with courage enough. At a quarter past twelve her
head fell: the <'xecutioner showed it to the people, amid
universal if>ncy.pnntiniiii,l /-.t.:.^.. v%J? ti V:.... i_ T»/ ...
» t. ,1^-xTi " \ ;vcMu UijpriDlKjUe;
C.rlylt.
IT
lr>o
FIFTH READER.
■iiii!'
ly^
I
NOTES.
1. Palace of Justice, that Is, court-house.
2. Marlr Antoinette (de Lorraine) was the youngest «hiughter
of Francis ' , Ernperor of Germany. Slie was born at Vienna
in 1755. i^ue was married at the ajre of fifteen to tlie Dauphip
afterwards Loulb XVI. Her mother was i\w. famous Jimia
Theresa, Empress of German',. Slie was couilemned to ^U ail-
on false charges, and executed on the IGth of Octobei-, Vim.
3. Robespierre was ^le of she three who bore chief rul" ^u
France during " The Terror,' — that period of die Fieuch
Revolution in which so many pt ople were executed. He hiin-
self suffered death on the scaffoiti in July, )7!H, in theivaction
against the Terroi-.
ExEJK'isKs. —J, Write a Si mm auy of paragraph , <i-lO.
2. Write a paper oi\ " Tn o Procesfeiuns " from th. suT.imaiy.
3. i'jxplain fh* following sentences and phrases, uui givr
synonyms tor tho italicized words; (1 ) A cause is pendbcj In tiie
court. {2) Inrlki^'inil. i^)^S\\ni\\QYafii\vG adequate? (4) Her
answers are of hieovic i iwity. (.3) His foul lie has recoiled on
his foul head. (0) .N; J:.t's caudles are burning out. (T, It was
an audible souiui of uai! in tho streets of Vienna. (8) r'atrols
were clrculathuf ia ilie streets. (0) A constitutional pnest in
a lay dress. (10) Tho tricolor streamers occupied her attention.
4. Parse and jinaiyzc the following: —
Perceiv'st thou not the process of the yoar,
How the four seasons in four forms appear,
Keseinbling human life in every shape they wear ?
5. Give all the derivatives you know from the following Latin
woids: moveo, I move (stem mo/), — compoimd with'", con
^-om). etc.; cJrc«/M.<», a circle; rogo, I ask (stem rof/aO, — com-
pound with inter, etc.
0. Give all the words you know having the same sound as th»-
following, but a different spoiling: icare, waste, ware, toai^.
Write them in columns, with the meanings opposite.
7. Make sentences, each containing a different one of the fol-
lowing expresslojis: conmts in ; contend axiainst ; contend for •
depend from; i/epend arjalnst ; die by; die for. *
161
3t (laughter
at Vienna
i Dauphin,
lOUS MflfiH
d to titai}"
r, IT^ft.
iff rul't ?u
lie Fieuch
He hii«i-
le reaction
0-10.
sujiimary.
anl givt
Uu'j Ml tlie
? (4)Her
ecoiled on
(T; It was
8) I'atrols
1 pii<;st in
atttiition.
ing Latin
h (', ton
), — com-
nd as tlii-
re, wai^.
>f the fol-
tendfor;
SNOW AND ICE.
Accu'mulatingr, heaping up.
From Lat. atf, and cumulus, a
heap.
Perpet'ual, everlasting. From
l.at. perjiiliiHg, lasting.
Resist', withstand. From Lat.
re, hack or against, and siatu,
I stand.
Succeed'ing, coming on one after
another. Froni Lat. mh,
under or after, and ndo, 1
go. (From the latter word
come proceed, exceed, secede,
procession, excess, secession,
etc.)
1. Tlie air is full of
moisture, which the heat of
the sun has drawn up from the sea ; and all this moisture
comes back again to the earth, sooner or later, in the form
of rain and snow. If the air which covers the earth in
any particular place be warm, then the moisture falls
•ItummfK
162
FIFTH READER.
11
from the a.r ,n the forn. of dew an.l rain ; if the nir be
. surtiCRM.tly cold, it fall, as .now or hail. .Snow, then, is
trozen nun. .. I„ place, in the equatorial remons or
I'oar then,, snow never falls, except on the toi,s of very
In^di n.ountains; but the inhabitants of countries at
some dustanc-e north and south of these regions are
.•'<-custo.ne(l to see the ground covered with a white
mantle during a greater or smaller portion of the year
n those countries which lie near the North and South
I olest^hegroumliscontinually covered with snow, which
'« |»artly melted during the stmnner, when the sun is
^•onst^mtly above the hori/on for about six months.
3. VV..en we chmb a .nountain we find it gradually
..•owmg colder and colder, however hot it may be at
the base. If the mountain be a sufficiently Im'h one
we always at last reach a point where it is s^ cold that'
the snow that alls during the winter does not n.elt in
. sunnner 1 h.s point is called the "line of perpetual
^nmv Below this hue the snow melts in the suiimer,
'"•t above rt the ground is always white. 4. In some
eountr.es, such as Spitzbergen, it is so cold that the
;^hole land is above this Wn., and therefore the grouu<l
.s never tree from snow. In IJritain, again, it is much
now 'hIi"" ? '^"^ "''' ''""" ''' ^''^' ^'"^ «f I'«n>etual
ow till we Iiaye reached about five thousand fe<.t
ove the level of the sea. There are, however, in
H.itain no mountains five thousand feet high, and con-
scMiuenty there is no part of the island coy^red ^Z^
snow all the year round. 5. Travelling from liritain to
he warmer countries of Central Europe, we find that
the height o the line of perpetual sno^ has risen to
about eight thousand feet. The lofty peaks of the great
mountain Cham of the Alps in Switzerland are fromlm-
tvt„ .... «^,^.ea iiiousaua ieet in iieight, so that they are
SNOW AND ICE.
168
clad MI perpetual snow tor h\x or seven tliousand feet
below their suniinits. «. Lastly, if we ^o to really hot
eountries, such as South America and India, we Hnd that
It 18 not cold enou^li for the snow to lie always on the
«,'round till we luive elitnhed to a height of fifteen or
twenty thousand feet above the level of the sea. It is
therefore, only the tops of the highest [leaks of the Andes
and Ilnnalayas which lie above the line of perpetual
snow.
7. All the parts of a mountain which lie above the
Inie of perpetual snow are, of course, continually re-
ceiving fresh falls. As the snow does not melt above
this line, it is clear that the thickness of snow ought
to become greater and greater every succeeding year.
The mountain, therefore, should always be getting
higher and higher. 8. As a matter of fact, however, the
snow does not go on accumulating in this way above the
line of perpetual snow, and consequently the mountain
does not grow any higher. What, then, becomes of the
snow which falls every winter, seeing that it does not
melt? 9. If the top of the mountain were a level plain.
It 18 quite clear that the snow would become deeper
and deeper every year, and so the mountain would be-
come higher and higher. Few mountains have a level
top like this. A mountain is generally very uneven at
the top, and .always slopes away into the valleys, which,
in turn, lead into the low country beneath, lo. The
snow which falls on the top of the mountain is thus
unable to rest in the place where it fell. It is con-
stantly slipping down the slanting sides of the mountain
into the heads of the valleys, which in this way <ret
choked with snow. *
11. When a o-roof ♦k;«1
iiivKiieSS Oi
)vv IS gathered
together in the higher valleys, the lower layers of it
are
IIM
164
.il
m
H ■
F.FTII HE A DEE.
m
iff
pressed upon by the upper layern, a. well as by the fresh
HFiow whh'h is always pushing itself ,lown from the
mountain-toj.. Now every schoolboy knows that if snow
i« squeezed in the hand it becMune; quite hard; and if
It were squee/i-d hard enough the snow w.»uld really
t. n-n n,to ic< . ,2. Our h-^u.h are not strong enough to
ilo this, but a may be .•.., .., ..^ by putting ...ow into a
maehine,whereitc, u b^ powerfully squeezed and pressc.l
together. What happens, then, is this : the snow press-
ing down from the lofty summit of the mountahi chokes
up the higher parts of the valleys, an-l by its own
weight 18 so squeezed together thr. it cea«es to he ,mw,
and now Ij.'comes dear blue solid ice.
13. If we were to go to any great range of mountains,
nuchas the Vll'«iiuSwitzerland,we should see this at once
We shouM see that the tops of the higher mountains are'
covere.,. ^vUh great Helds of eternal snow, and the valleys
leading away from them are occupied by vast masses of
solid ice. i hese rivers of ice are called « glaciers " from
the French word i/lace, which means ice, and they are
ream/ "rivers of ice," because tliey are always movin.^
slowly down their vall.ys. 14. The only difference in fact
between one of these ice-streams and an ordinary river
IS, that the former moves very slowly. It is only by
watching a glacier, and by measuring its progr« ss with
l»roi)er instruments, that its movement can^,e found
out. It moves only a few inche. every dav. and vou
ccmsequently would not i.'.iuk it w.- movin- at afl if
you simply looked at i. .5. feull, the.c great ice-streams,
sometimes ten or twenty miles long, and liundivds of
feet m thickness, -re alv ,^ moving s'-wly do^ , wards
and hence they carry off year by yoar th'e .now whi^h
falls upon tlie mountain above the V^ of perpetual
snow. Slowly but surelv they r. .«h fhom.^],, .. j
-V^
the fresh
I'oiii the
t if 8I10W
; and if
i\ really
louufh to
'W into {i
' preHMiMJ
i cliokes
its own
>c mi VIC,
II n tains,
at once,
ains are
valleys
asses of
," from
liey arc
inovin<4:
' in fact
y river
)nly by
ss with
found
id vou
afl if
reams,
v'ds of
ward",
wlii^Ii
petual
SNOW AND ICE.
166
the sides of the mountain, till t. get into the lower
country, and then they are no loiiger able to resist the
QLACIER MKLTIK.; iXTO A i fVKK.
neftt. f\i ijnct aim nnA *V>^ n^n—^^l. .^ >i • _.
..„,. — .... -.^^ ..asjiic;: 'oi tne air. it 'i'hey
now melt, and from the end of . ach Of thcL proaeedi
166
FIFTH READER.
.^•
m\
w-
III'
I.*
m
a larger or a Hmall(>r stroam of water, icy cold, and thick
Willi the mud fonncd by the ice, as it grindn its way
down the rocky vnlh-y that imprisons it. Some of tlie
most famous rivers in the worhl, such as the Rhine
and the Gan^^es, In-j^in as streams issuing from icy cav-
erns at the end of great glaciers, high amongst the
mountains.
SiJMMAitv of paragraplis 11 to 10
ExEKcisKS. — I. Write
Inclusive.
2. Write an ar.oimt of "A (ilarier" from your (jwn sum-
mary.
;}. Explain tho following sentences ami i)hia.Hos, and give
synonyms for ho single wordH: (I) Tho snow .loes not go on
accimmlatlng m this way above the line of i)erpetual snow.
(3) The thickness of snow onjiht to become greater every suc-
ceeding year. (;{) Sumnjit. (4) Progress. (.5) Occupied by
masses of soliil ice.
4. Pars*! all the words in tlie following sentence: Tho air
is full of moisture which the heat of (he sun has drawn up from
the sea.
5. Analyze the following sentence: —
" When I am fnrKotten, as I Bliall l>e,
And sleep in (Uill, eold niiiibk', wIi.th no mention
Of nie more must be heard of, say, I Miught tUee."
6. Write down all the words you know that are derived from
the following English words: full, come,^ ruin, snow, ah- ear i
fall,^ all,* ivhlte.
7. Write down all the words you know that are derived from
the following Latin words: hahit-are, to dwell; <,ra,hiH, a step-
cumulus, a heap; prntiredior (past pait. vroyresHUH), I <'o for-
ward; /«*»«, fume. "
8. Make sentences each of which shall contain aditferentone
of the following phrases: to make uood ; to piece out ; to eke
out ; to be resolved into ; to break itp ; to merge in.
* Income, vew-cnmcr, welcome, etc.
« To plough. Hence, earth = the ploughed.
» Befallj fell (= to make to fall).
n ii*tiii, auu*€ \— ail Oiid), uUhmigh^ etc*
167
HOILING WATER, HOT SPItlNGS, AND
GEVSERS.
Oon'«equently, foiiowirii? ; or it
th«rj.fore follows. From Lat
*etiui, to follow, Heune also,
Meqiie/, Hetjuent, persecute, an<i
otherii.
Disoharffe', throw out. Tmhart/e,
was lo iilHce in n c/imin, I,nt,
for cnr. To diHchnnje w.is to
take out of the car.
deyaer. the I.'elait.lic name for a
boillnff aprinff. (Tlie won! Ih
Bald to be <.>onnecteil witli
guHh, f,HHf, and with the tier-
man fileggeu, to pour ; Onus, a
gush, etc.)
In Btiooea'aion, ouo after another.
From Lat. suO, under or after,
and certo, I go. Suf> becoinen
■«'"• before a c . ar..,« cen^ is an-
other part of the root r,;/.
From the Maine root come in-
terregnion, a going f>e/ireen: pro-
'eHuio,,, a golnK/,)rM.- eonces
lion, a. going together; gece».
sion, a going nwni/ from ; and
others
Thermom'eter, a measurer of
lioat. From (ir. thertnoi*, heat,
and vKtmu, a measure.
Voloa'no, dee page 26.
1. If wc. tHko a pan of water an<l put it upon the fire,
He at hr«t observe n<)t}m,<r particular. The heat turns
Bonje of the water i^uto vapor, i>ut thi.s eseapen from the
•surface quietly. After a while, however, Ve «ee that
the water is ben.n. rapidly turnetl into steam. This
(•hnn<re takes place at the bottom and sides of the nan
where the water is most hi^irhly heated. Little bubble*;
of steam are tormed at the bottom of the pan, and rush
up throu.uh the, water, in onler to make their escape
into the air. The water in the pan now bubbles, moves
rapidly, and is disturbed, and then we say that it "boils »
2. If we were to put a thermometer -that is, an instru-
ment for nieastuin^u: boat ^ into the water, we shotdd
find that the water has a certain do.^ree of heat, and
that It never gets any hotter than this so Ions? as the
water contmues to boil, however strong the fire u-^-'er
TU'ath It may be. The reason for this \a fi.o* „» i.Jl ....
the water goes on boiling, tue steam which' U forA-d
mi
11 ,
i-
168
FIFTH READER.
carries off all the fresli beat which is passing into the
water. The degree of lieat at which water brils is called
the "boiling point," and it is always about the same at
the same place, s. The boiling |K»int of water is not,
however, always the same at different i)laces. In some
places it takes more heat to make water boil than it does
in others. Let us try to uhderstand how this curious
fact is to be explained.
We have seen that what we call the "boiling" of
water is caused by the rapid turning of the water into
steam, and the quick escape of this steajn from the sur-
face of the water. It is the heat, which is constantly
turning the water into steam, and drives this steam
ui)wards. 4. But, while the heat is forcing the steam
upwards, the weiyht of the air is keeping it down, and
the water carmot boil till the heat is able to overcome
the resistance of the air. It follows from this that the
boiling-point of water— or the <legree of heat necessary
to tnako water boil — is greater when the weight of the
air is increased, and less when that weight is decreased.
If we stand at the level of the sea, we have all tiie air
above us, and conse(|uently it takes more heat to boil
water by the sea-shore than it does in any other place,
unless, indeed, we go down iuti> a deep mine in the
earth, a. If, on the other hand, we go uf) to the top of
a high mountain, a great deal of the iiir is below us, and
only part of it is above us and able to press upon us;
so that the weight of the air is much less for this reason
in such a situation. Consecpiently, it takes a much
smaller degret^ of heat to boil water on the top of a
mountain than it does on the shore, for there is not so
much weight of air pressing u[>on the water and keep
ing it from passing into steam,
fi. This fact has been turned to account in measuring
into the
1 1» called
! same at
r is not,
In some
n it does
i curiouH
ling " of
iter into
the sur-
nstantly
is steam
10 steam
WUy iuu\
vereome
that the
Boessary
It of the
ereased.
( tlie air
b to boil
T place,
! in the
e t()|) of
us, and
pon us;
i reason
1 much
jp of a
I not 80
<1 keep
asuring
HOT SPH/Xf.s AM) GEYSERS. 1(J9
the height of mountains. We know precisely what is
the degree of heat required to make water boil at the
level of the sea, so that if we notice how much smaller
a degree of heat is needed to make wati'r boil on the
top of a mountain, we shall know how much of the air
we have left below us, and therefore how hi.di fho
mountain is. 7. If we put a pan of water into T vessel
from which we pump out the air by pro])er machinery
we can leave so little air that there is hanlly any wei<d.t
resting upon its surface. If we now apply heat to The
pan, we shall find that it needs very little to make it boil.
In. eed, it boils so so(,n, that it hardly becomes warm,
and we cotUd not cook an v^^<r or a potato in it. s. If
on the other ha.ul, we put water into a vessel of iron!
ot very strong construction, and pump air into it by
orce, so as to iucn.nso the weight of air |,ressin.r upon
the water, the opposite of this happens. VVe now Hud,
;•" ap|| ying heat to the vessel, that the water will not
boil .111 It has been raised to a degree of heat very
nuich greater than that of its ordin:iry boiling point.
6. I here are a grt«it many cases in Mhieh sprin-rs of
water burst forth from the earth, .-md some of These
^pnngs are large enough t<, f.u-.n regular rivers at once
M(»st springs throw out cold water only, but there :uv
Honu. springs in which hot water gushes out from the
ground. Many of these "bot springs" are known, and
they are especially fre.p.ent in countries where burni.,...
mount ains, or volcanoes, exist. There are, however, some
celebrated hot springs in England, such as those at Hath
«n Somersetshire, which arehundredsofmilesaway from
any volcano. 10. These springs were known to the Uo-
"latis, who built baths tlu-re The water that comes out
ot the ground is as hot hs if :« m.Hfi:i^»" *- K^ •-» -
huiningones self; and thespnngs discharge about two
..'^
il
"•*"•"'- •-"-s, .;ya , ijRB .
; fHir
170
FIFTH HEADER.
ml".
1
»i
:i
oiiKvr nv.vHin, iri:i,iM,.
HOT SPRINGS AND GEYSERS. m
Imndrec] thousand gallons of this heated water every
•lay. There are some hot springs in which thr^ water
IS even boilmg when it hnrsts out at the surface of the
ground. 1 hose springs often throw out in succession
,i,n-eat spouts or jets of steam mixed with hoilin-r water
"• Npnngs ol this kind are called "geysers." l^.o ,nost
celebrated geysers are found in Tceiand, in Xorth Amer-
ica, and ,n New Zealand, The geyse,^ or spouting hot
si>rmgs of Iceland occn- in a desolate and barren dis-
tnct about thirty mile, from the famous volcano of
llockla. a here are about one hundred of them within
a envu.t ot two miles ; one of these, however, is much
larger than the others, and is called the (Ireat Geyser.
^^^ExKRciSKs.--,. Write a short SfMMAHv of paragraphs 7 .o
2. Write a short paper on " Boilin? Water" from the fr.l-
ow.n, heads: (,) What we see in a pot of JjrZ t e nt
s .1; "m Iwr'" P''^^"' '■" '''' ^•^^^••- ^•^) "ow the boiling
ith 'e '.M t ia7 'T'"^'''' '"'''' ^•^'""'^ °f ^^''- ('^^ Varies
3. Explain the following sentences and phrases and eive
^ZS'^Trf ir^T^^ ^'^ TheLerint^ «^
iiisfin bed. (2) I his fact has been turned to account Ci) The
Hpnngs aisc,,an,c about two hundred thon^u IgalLns ^f
soon uTuZ7u T^ '" '^'' '"""^^'"« ^^^"^«"^^-' " I^ «>«"« «'>
Tor rpi^r in^iK^"- "■^•••"' '''' >'"" '^''' -^ -^ -•
T). Analyze (he a')ove sentence.
6 MVrjte down all the wonis yon know which a.,. In any way
neai,nse,' tnni,- hi<ih, nojh,^ my, lony.
« /?«..«, rcmse, rear. t Trun^fle, etc. » iy,,,,A6o;., etc.
r i Sa fe
172
FIFTH READER.
GREAT CITIES.
LONDON.
'4
M
■■ t
f I
ST. PADL'S AND OLD h,, », Kruixtts <IUID0R.
Can'opy, ttoveriiiR. From Gr,
kdiiiipehii, ii oovpiing to keep
tivfiiy the koudpt (niog(jnito\
Colos'sal, very large, liko a Colog.
Hits, — a T-atiii name (from the
(Jr. KolonsoH) givon to a gigan-
tic statuR. Tlio statue of
Ai>ol!o, umjor which, as the
slorygocs, ships Bailed into the
harbor of Kiiodes. was cnJIed
tlie ColoKHUs of lUioile.n.
Oonglom'erate, eomethiiijj mjuh?
up of many other things. From
Lat. con, together, and f/lomew,
r roll as a ball.
Ooniaeo'tions. blndinir ({ea. Fron>
I Ait. cov,, together, and necto, I
fasten.
Oontrib'utes, pays or gives as frih-
Hip. From l^t. fribm, I giv»
Hence also, trilmte, tnhutnnt.
fliatrilnife, etc. "
Conveyance, carriage. From 0,
Fr. mneekr, to carry ; l,«t.
con, together, and re/tlfre, to
carry. Cognate, nfiirle.
Ou'pola, a cup-shaped van it ot
dome. An Italian diniinutivo
of the Uiw Ijit. cnjia (Fr,
coupi), a cup.
Es'fci mate, Judge, gueBB of. From
(
i
i
II
GREAT CITIES,- LONDON. 173
Irresisfc'ible, not to be wlthatoml. 1
Froiii Lat. in, not, re, against, I
and siato, 1 Btand. (In, be-
comes ir before ;•, H before
', as in illilemte; ami im be-
fore;;, as in impenetrable.)
Mart, a contracted form of the
word ntariet.
Ra'diate, Bpread out in all direc-
tions, like rays.
radiutt, a ray.
From Lat.
Tel'egraph, from dr. tHe, at a
distance, and grapho, 1 write.
('ognate.«5, photoijmph (some-
thing written with light) ; ,ul-
yjraphy (beautiful writing);
autograph (something written
by one's self).
1. London is the hi,-gest city in the world. That is to
say, It contains more people than any other city. Just
as we estimate tlie importance of a river, not by its^
lengtii, nor hy its breadth, but by the amount of water
it contributes to the ocean, so we estimate the size of
a city by the number of people it contains. Paris builds
18 houses higher into the air than London ; but London
stretclies over a very much hirger extent of ground.
London has nearly four millions of inhabitants! Paris
has only two millions. ,. London is the capital of
Jingland ; but it is, indeed, also the capital of the world
- that is, of the world of commerce. It has commercial
connections with every country, and with every impor-
tant town on the face of the globe. It sends out sailing-
ships and steamers to nearly all the countries of the
world : and from it, as a centre, railway lines and tele-
graph wires radiate in every direction.
3. London is, m fact, not so much a city as a lar^^e
province covered with houses. Its houses and streets
ove,-flow into four counties. The largest part of it stands
.1 Middlesex; the next largest in Surrey; a large part
8 retches into Kent, and another into Essex. It is
about sixteen miles long, and more than twelve broad
it contains eight thousand miles of street ; and there are
"lany streets entirely unknown to grown-up men and
women who have lived nil tiw.;.. n^es i„ this wilderness
Wl,
• li
m
1 ^l
f1
■*. 1:4 VUl
y T .ur inmates a birth takes place in
"'.
174
FIFTH HEAIJER.
London, and every six minutes a death. TIm.s there are
about three hundred and sixty ehildren horn into the
metropolis every twenty-four hours; and about two
hundred and forty persons die every twenty-four hours.
\^^\t thirty-seven per cent, of its population are born in
the country ; stnd it contains more country-born persons
than the counties of Devon and Gloucester put together.
A town m large as ii^dinburgh is built every year .•mm!
adiled to the maze and crowded i)opulation of London ;
and Edinburgh is a city of two hundred thousand souls.
About thirty miles of new streets are opened everv
year. In fact, London is not one town, but a vast
conglomerate of cities, towns, and villages, — all swal-
lowed u]) by the yearly overgrowth of this coloss;^i hive
of human beings.
5. London was a flourishing little British town before
the llomans came over here in the year 55 b. c. ; it
continued to grow from that time to the present, witli
hardly a cheek to its prosi)erity. In the fourteenth
century, the time of the poet Chaucer, it was a j.ros-
perous city, — "small an<l white and clean, "—a small
mart of wool and wine ; and
shijis from Italy and Greece
an<l other countries of the
Mediterranean lay below the
in-idge. 6. For it had then
only one bridge, whereas four-
teen railway and passenger
bridges now span tuc current
()f Old ^^ather Thames. It
is, in truth, the river Thames
that laid the foundation of
the fortune of London. For the Tliames is not merely
one river: it is tw«^ rli^nrH Tin. fi/lo Ht^^rra r*^,^*\,r ....
GREAT CITIES.- LONDON.
175
twice in about every twenty-four hours ; and thus barcres
and vessels of burden are carried up to London by the
tide, and are borne away from London by the reflux of
the stream. Thus this river provides, free of charge, a
large quantity of carrying power, and the barges laden
with goods need only guidance.
7 The streets of London are the most crowded streets
»n the world. Thousands and hundreds of thousands
of persons stream along its main arteries from morning
till night; in the morning generally from west to east,
m the evening with their faces to the west. The road'
ways are crowded with carriages, cabs, and omnibuses;
and m many parts it is difficult, if not dangerous
to cross the streets. Within the town there are thou'
sands of cabs, omnibuses, and street-cars, and every
other kind of conveyance; but without, through the
suburbs, round the whole of the vast ,,rovince covered
with houses and buildings, and also underground, there
are numerous railways running in every direction,
bteamers, too, run up and down the river at all hours
and minutes of the day. 8. Down to the end of the
sixteenth century, London was a city surrounded by
walls, and connected with the city of Westminster bv a
country road ; but now it has sj)read itself into ihe
country m every direction, - swallowing up, as has
been said townships, villages, hamlets, fields, and
market-gardens in its silent but irresistible progress.
I owns like Lambeth, Chelsea, Ham,nersmith,~Islington,
Ilighgate, and, in the extreme east and west, W^)ol.
wich and Richmond, have all been absorbed. This fact
IS visible in the large number of High Streets which
London contains.
9. But not only is its own population the erPMP«t
II. ine worm: a large uoDuJation is poured "^into it
176
FIFTH HEADER.
every morning by railway and steamer from all parts
of England, and by Hhi])8 coming from every maritime
country on the globe. It is reckoned that a popu-
lation of more than two hundred thousand (not
counting those who live in the suburbs and come in
for business) enters London every morning; and that
the same number of peoj)le leave it every evening.
Hut a population of two hundred thousand is a jwpui
lation nearly as large as that of Edinburgh or Bristol,
and larger than that of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. It
is then as if a city nearly as large as Edinburgh or
Bristol were left empty and deserted all night, and
were visited and crowded all day by its thronging
population, lo. The population of London contains
contributions from all the races and nationalities
of the world. There are Chinese, Hindus, Persians,
Arabs, and Armenians from Asia; Peruvians and
Chilians from the west of South America; Americans
from New York, San Francisco, and other cities of the
United States ; and, from the large towns on the con-
tinent of Eurojie, there are Russians, Poles, Hungar-
ians, Germans, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns, French-
men, Spaniards, and Portuguese. In London are more
Scotsmen than in Edinburgh ; more Irish than in Bel-
fast; more Welshmen than in Cardiff; more Jews than
in Jerusalem ; more Greeks than in Athens ; and more
Germans than in Frankfort. London draws to itself
people of all tongues, races, and nationalities. It has
paupers enough to fill all the houses in Brighton,-— a
city of a hundred thousand inhabitants.
11. London is a wilderness of brick, with hundreds of
miles of hideous streets, composed of insignificant and
unsightly buildings ; but it also contains some of the
noblest edifices in the world. On a ffentlv risintr <rround
all parts
niarititnc
a pojm-
ind (not
come in
and that
evenin<^.
I a ])oi)u-
BriHtol,
me. It
mrgh or
^lit, an<l
ironginof
contains
onalities
^ersians,
ms and
tiericans
?8 of the
the con-
Ilungar-
French-
re more
in Bel-
W8 than
id more
:o itself
It has
on, — a
Ireds of
mt and
of the
orrniinrl
GREAT CITIES,^ LONDON. 177
in the heart of the city stands St. Paul's, one of the
hrgest churches in the world, and a manterpieee of
\V ren, one of the greatest areliitects. Westward, on
WKHlMINSTKlt AltllF.V.
the banks of the Thames, the towers of Westminster
Abbey stand, guarding the ashes of England's greatest
men,— men who have made her name famous hv sea
and by land, in art, in science, and in letters.
] 5* »
178
FIFTH HEADER.
! ' ,
12. Lord Byron, ntanding helow Londo i Bridge, on
the Surrey side of the river, looke<l acroKs and aescribe.l
the groat city in the following lines: —
" A mighty mass of m :.k. and Hinoke, and shipping,
Dirty and diwty, but as wide as eye
Could rencu, witii here and tliere a sail just slilpping
In sight, then lost amidst a forestry
Of masts; a wilderness of steeples peeping
On tiptoe tliroiigh tlieir sci-coal canopy;
A huge, dim cui>ola, like a foolscap crown
On a fool's head ; — and this is London town."
13. But a poi't with a truer eye and a more feeling heart,
— the poet Wordsworth, standing on Westminster
Bridge in early morning in summer, when the level sun
lighted up the houses, and the air was clear ind free from
smoke — thus described the scene that met his eye : —
*' Earth has not anytliing to sliow more fair:
Dull wouM he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its niajesty.
The city now doth like a garland wear
The beauty of tlie morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples He
Open unr. v fields and to the sky,
All brig* 1 5 glittering in the smokeless air."
14. Every la.:; ^d crowded city abounds in contrasts
of various kinds , out London is emphatit ally the city
of contrasts. Trees and brick ; portions of the country
clasped within the town, parts of the town running out
into the country; wide streets, open parks, and the
narrowest and foulest lanes ; palaces and hovels ; splen-
dor and squalor ; rich and poor ; virtuous and criminal ;
learned and ignorant ; thoughtful consideration and the
most wicked recklessness ; hideousness and beauty ; — •
all these contrasts may be perceived by the open-eyed
CONSOLATION IN EXIlE.
179
2. Hewrito these ,urag.a..I,s from your own sunnnar
3. Kxplain the Mlowlng .nfmmes and phrases, „ „ive a
rLiaetrni r " '^'l''"''''"'' ^« ^''^' "<^e«n. (2) Hallway lines
£ itZlf "T?.- ^'^ Conglomerate. (4) A co/o.,«/
4 p!t ^^ ;.'"''''" '' emphatically the city of contrast,,
rklTi ...''"'■''' '" "'" f"""^l"g sentence: It is the
5 Anil Tm'"! f ' ?'' '"""'"^'"" •' ^'>« '^'•'^-^ o' I^o^Jon.
o. Anal /,e the following sentence:
' l9 all the coungel tlmt we two Imvo sharP.J
Thw Bisters' vows, tho l„.iir8 timl wo hav.
When we have chi.l th« ha»ty-foot«<l tlni
For parting us, -t>, is u nil forgot?"
t.
vL!^u^ *'. "''''"^ •'^'•ivatives as you can fro.n the following
English words: so,,, long, niyh, year, 'jrow, ship, lay. ^
la in wnrf. '"'? '«f '^^^'ves as you can from the following
La. n words: porto, I carry (combine with in, sub, re, ex)-
tendo 1 stretch (combine with ad, in, ex, pre ; md veho I
carry (combine with con and in). ' ' ^ ' ' »"" '^"o. A
8. Make three sentences, each containing a separate one of
the phrases: ali.jH at: allyht from ; and 4^^ T
W. Write, in columns, with the meanings, words of the same
sound, but having a <lifferent ..^elllng, as. .i^e. ^lij, Z^'
CONSOLATION IN EXILE.*
Onarl'ing, snarling.
Meas'ure, a slow movement to
music.
Pur'ohase, pursue or hunt after
(its original meaning). Prom
Pr. pourcfiasger, to follow after
or prosecute.
The eye of heaven, the sun.
The presence, the immediate
presence of the king.
'• All places that the eye of heaven visits
Are to the wise man ports and happy Imvens."
leach thy necessity « to reason thus:
i here is no virtue like necessity."
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180
FIFTH READER.
Think not the king did banish thee,
But thou the king : woe doth the heavier sit
Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.^
2. Go, say I sent thee forth to purchase honor,
And not the king exiled thee ; or suppose
Devouring pestilence hangs in our air.
And thou art flying to a fresher clime.
Look : what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou com'st.
Suppose the singing birds musicians ;
The grass whereon thou tread'st the presence strewed ; *
The flowers, fair ladies ; and thy steps, no more
Than a delightful measure or a dance ;
For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.
Shakespeare, King Richard II,
NOTES.
1. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, is addressing his son,
the Duke of Hereford, who has just been banished by the king.
He is trying to comfort Hereford by entreating him to imagine
he is not in banishment, but in the midst of pleasure, or exer-
cising his own free will.
2. As a liarbor gives pleasure to those who travel by sea, so
every place gives pleasure to him who is wise.
3. Virtue is here used in the sense of " power to produce
results"; necessity makes us do what nothing else could com-
pel us to perform.
4. "To a strong man the same burden is lighter than to a
weak man ; so sorrow to one who can bear it well is lighter than
to one who cannot bear it well." The same idea is expressed
in the last two lines of the lesson.
5. Before the introduction of carpets, the floors — which were
often the ground itself — were strewn with rushes. See page
128, section 2.
Exercises. — 1. Paraphrase lines 1-7.
2. Commit these lines to memory.
3. Analyze from "woe doth " to " borne," in section 1.
181
«Y01T WILL REPENT IT."
Hieroglyph'io, by means of signs,
not words. From Gr. hicros,
sacred, and glypfil. a murk.
Inex'orable, not to be turned
away by entreaty or prayer.
From Lat. in, not, and exoro, 1
beg from.
Intercept'ed, stopped by coming
let\v«>en. From Lat. inter,
between, and capio (capf-iim),
I take. Cognates, reception,
receptive.
Mar'tial, warlike, or relating to
war. From Mars, the Roman
god of war.
Men'ace, threat.
Mu'tual. of each other. From
l.at. 7nutuus, in turn, recip-
rocal.
Ran'somed, brought back, BYom
Fr. ran^on, a shortened form
of Lat. redemptio, a buying
back, Hence ransom and ix'-
(templiou are the same word in
different forms.
Recogni'tion, here, knowledge.
From Lat. re, again, and cog
nosco (cotjnit-um), I know. (The
French form of the word
is recof 'Mitre.) Cognates,
recogniz^, recognizance; cog-
nizable, cognition, cognizant,
cognizance.
Redoubt', a work which forms
part of a large fortification, —
generally retired, for the pur-
pose of attordii 'I the garrison
a means of retreat.
Redress', amends, or something
to make up for.
Remorse', repentance accom-
panied with deep sorrow. From
Lat. re, again, and morde.o
(mors-um), I bite, (In O, E.
it was called ngenbite.)
Retalia'tion, revenge. From Lat,
retnlto {reta/iat-nm), I do like
for like.
Sen'timent, feeling. From Lat
sent ire, to feel. Cognates,
sentient, sentimental.
Tu'mult, violent agitation and
confusion of spirits. From
Lat. tumultus, confusion. Cog-
nates, tumultuous, tninultn
ary.
1. A young officer had so far forgotten himself, in a
moment of irritation, as to strike a j)rivate soldier who
was full of personal dignity (as sometimes happens in
all ranks), and distinguished for bis courage.
The inexorable laws of military disciplin(; forbade to
the injured soldier any practical redress. He could look
for no retaliation by acts. 2. Words only were at his
command ; and, in a txmiult of indignation, as he turned
away, the soldier said to his officer that he would " make
him repent it."
182
FIFTH READER,
This, wearing the shape of a menace, naturally re-
kindled tlie officer's anger, and intercepted any dis-
position wliich might be rising witliin liim towards a
sentiment of remorse; and tlius the irritation between
the two young men grew hotter than before.
3. Some weeks after tiiis a partial action took place
with the enemy. Suppose yourself a sp'-ctator, and
looking down into a valley occupied by two armies.
They are facing each other, you see, in martial array.
But it is no more than a skirmish which is going on ;
in the course of which, liowever, an occasion suddenly
arises for a desperate service. 4. A redoubt, which has
fallen into tl'ie enemy's hands, must be recaptured at
any price, and under circumstances ot all but hopeless
difficulty.
A strong i)arty has volunteered for the service; there
is a cry for somebody to head them; you sec a soldier
stej) out from the ranks to assume this dangerous leader-
ship ; the party moves rapidly forward ; in a few minutes
it is swallowed up from your eyes in clouds of smoke.
5. ¥oY one half-hour from behind these clouds you
receive hieroglyphic reports of bloody strife, — fierce
repeating signals, flashes from the guns, rolling musketry,
and exulting hurrahs, advancing or reced^ng^ slackenirMr
or redoublins:.
At length all is over : the redoubt has be'^sn recovered ;
that which was lost is found again ; the jewel which had
been made captive is ransomed with blood. Crimsoned
with blood the wreck of the conquering party is relieved,
and at liberty to return.
6. From the river you see it ascending. The plume
crested officer in command rushes forward, with his
left hand raising his hat in homage to the blackened
fragments of what was once a flag; whilst with his
«rOf/ WILL REPENT ITr
183
tin
sketiy,
right hand he seizes that of the leader, though no more
than a private from the ranks.
7. IViat perplexes you not : mystery you see none in
that. For distinctions of order perish, ranks are con-
founded, « high and low" are words without a meaning,
and to wreck goes every notion or feeling that divides
the noble from the noble, or the brave man from the
brave. But wherefore is it that now, when suddenly
they wheel into mutual recognition, suddenly they
pause? 8. This soldier, this officer, — who are they?
O reader! once before they had stood face to face:
the soldier it is that was struck ; the officer it is that
struck him. Once again they are meeting; and the
gaze of armies i? upon them.
If for a moment a doubt divides them, in a moment
the doubt has perished. One glance exchanged between
them publishes the forgiveness that is sealed forever.
9. As one who recovers a brother whom he had ac-
counted dead, the officer s^.rang forward, threw his arms
around the neck of the soldier, and kissed him, as if he
were some martyr glorified by that shadow of death
from which he was returning; whilst on his part the
soldier, stepping back, and carrying his open hand
through the motions of the military salute to a superior,
makes this immortal answer, — that answer which shut
up forever the memory of the indignity offered to him,
even whilst for the last time alluding to it: "Sir,"
he said, "^I told you before that I would make you
repent tt ! jy^ Qumceij (1786-1859),
Exercises. — 1. Write a Summary of the above story.
2. Write a short paper on " A Noblo Revenge," from your
own summary.
3. Rewrite in your own words tlie following sentences and
^ .,j ,.,,,- „^.j^ ^.^^ xatLc; iiiciuuc Liic seniences in wuieh tiiey
184
FIFTH READER.
occur: (1) A moment of irritation. (2) The Inexorable laws of
military discipline forbade redress. (3) No retaliation. (4) Wear-
ing the shape of a menace. (5) A redoubt must be recaptured
at any price. (6) Hietoglyphic reports of bloody strife. (7) Dis-
tinctions of order perish. (8) They wheel into mutual recogni-
tion. (9) The memory of the indignity. (10) Alluding to it.
4. Parse the words in the following sentence: One glance
exchanged between them publishes the forgiveness that is sealed
forever.
6. Analyze the following sentence: —
*' I dreamed that, as I wandered by the way,
Bare winter was changed suddenly to spring,
And gentle odors led my steps astray.
Mixed with the sound of waters murmuring."
6. Write down in columns as many words as you know de-
rived from the following English words: no, far, bid, word,
one, wear, rise, man, hot, fore, fall, all.
7. Give as many derivatives as you know from the following
Latin words: oro, I beg (root or, stem oral); miles, a soldier
(root milit); specto, I behold (root sped, stem spectat); sto,
I stand (root std, stem stdt), compound with circiim, con.
8. ^Vith each of the following words and phrases write a sen-
tence illustrating its proper use: scene and seen; seam and
seem ; some and sum. To give place to ; to take the place of ;
to serve as a substitute.
1
185
le law6 of
(4) Wear-
scaptured
. (7)Dis-
1 recogni-
ig to it.
le glance
b is sealed
know de-
d, word,
following
a soldier
tat); sto,
con.
ite a sen-
earn and
place of:
GREAT CITIES
ROME.
A'queducts, artificial passages
for conveying Mater. From
Lat. aqua, water, and duco
(duct-urn), I lead. Cognates,
duct, ductile, viaduct.
Are'na, the space strewed with
sand for combatants. From
Lat. arena, sand.
Cat'acombs, underground caves
used as burial-places. From
Gr. Lata, down, and h-ymbe, a
hollov.
Colonnades', covered walks sup-
ported by columns. From
Lat. columna, a column.
Commem'orate, keep in memory.
From Lat. con, together, and
memor, mindful. Cognates,
memory, memorable, memorial,
commemoration.
Oon'flicta, combats or fights.
From confligo (conjtictum), I
dash together. Cognates,
afflict, affliction.
Cor'ridors, galleries or passage-
ways. From It. corrldore, a
runner; from Lat. cuiro, I
run.
Debris' (pronounced daybree),
fragments. From Fr. britier,
to break.
Gliidia'tors, Roman athletes.
Qon'dola.a long, narrow pleasure-
lioat Uried in Venice.
Mar'tyrs, witnesses to truth even
with their lives. From Gr.
martys, martyros, a witness.
Cognate, martyrd<mt.
Monot'ony, sameness. From
Gr. jftv J, alone, or single,
and tonos, tone. Cognates,
monarch, monologue.
Pathet'ic, awakening pity or deep
feeling. From Gr. pathos,
feeling.
Procon'suls, chief governors of a
province, like our Governor-
General. From Lat. j)ro, for,
and consul, one of the two
chief magistrates or presidents
of the Republic of Home.
Squa'lor, filthiness. A Latin
word.
Stat'uary, the collective noun for
statues. From i^at. statua, a
standing image; from statuo,
I cause to stand ; from sto, I
stand. Cognates, statute; sta-
tion, stationary.
Subterra'nean, under/pround.
From Lat. s\ib, under, and
terra, the earth. Cognates,
Mediterranean ; terrestrial.
Tro'phies, signs of triumph,
memorials of victory taken
from the enemy. From Fr.
trophie; Lat. tropseum ; Gr.
tropaion.
1. Koino was once tlie mistress of the whole known
world. The foundation of the city is generally said to
date back to 754 n.c. From a small square town, it
gradually grew to be the laigcst and most magnificent
CJ<-.. J« 4.1, « 1.1 A 1_ - -
iVT ill tiic wuiia, — to be.
\jj ill vac vvuiiu, — •
3, in lact, the capital of all the
186
FIFTH READER.
known countries of the earth. It sent out armies to
subdue the then known worid ; it had its proconsuls, or
governors, in three different continents ; and it was vis-
ited by people of every nation and of every tribe. 2. The
eariiest Home stood on fne left bank of the "yellow Ti-
ber," about sixteen miles from the sea. At first a group
of herdsmen's huts, it spread itself by degrees over the
fc>even Hills on which the city now stands. At its
highest pitch of prosperity, in the time of the Emperor
Vespasian,! the population was as large as that of Pai-is ■
18 now, — reaching the extent of two millions of souls
Of these more than one third were slaves. It was a
city abounding in splendid temples to the heathen gods,
in vast palaces, in monuments of every kind, — in af'
fectionate commemoration of the dead, and to tell of
glorious victories over distant nations ; all around the
city were public gardens and parks, full of beautiful
groups of trees, elegant public buildings, and fine
statuary. It contained more than seventeen thousand
palaces, above thirteen thousand fountains, nearly four
thousand bronze statues of emperors and generals
twenty-two equestrian statues, neariy ten thousand
baths, and more than thirty theatres. 3. The largest
building in Rome was the Colosseum, a vast oval, nTore
than a third of a mile in circuit, and one Irundred and
ntty-seven feet high.
"Arches on arches! as it were that Rome,
Collecting the chief trophies of her line,
Would build up all her triumphs in one' dome."
It was built for the purpose of exhibiting conflicts of
Koman gladiators with each other, or with wild beasts
ft enclosed an area of five acres ; and, sloping gradually
up from the arena, were tiers upon tiers of seats, capable
of contaming more than eighty thousand spectators.
Hi
GEE A T CITIES. — HOME.
187
4. At the first exhibition in the Colosseum, it is
related that five thousand animals were slaughtered in
the arena. When Hadrian ^ gave an entertainment
there in honor of his birthday, a thousand animals —
including a hundred lions and a hundred lionesses —
were slain in combat. The gladiatorial conflicts between
man and man, and between men and beasts, went on
RUINS OK THE COLOSSEUM.
till the year 403, when a monk from the East, named
Telemachus, happening to be present at one, was so
horrified, that he rushed into the midst of the arena
and besought the spectators to put an end to them.
He was stoned to death; but such exhibitions were
r-ever afterwards presented to the people.
.(Mo t.iivjwnej^r,-3 Till tiiu ueuoider WilU
'4
188
FIFTH READER.
If
•ill
i
nuxture of a<]miration, awe, and terror; but what would
our teehng.s l,e if we c.uld view this vast crowd of
eighty thousand eager faces staring down into the arena,
and followuig the varying fortunes of two men fight!
.ng for their lives,, -following them with an unceasing
storm of ye Is an«: shouts and roars, while such a whirl
of strife and blood and dust arose as no modern mind
can even nnagine ? Wild beasts were often introduced •
and martyrs and other offenders against Jioman law
were thrown to them, to gratify the cruel lust for blood
which had grown up amongst the Romans.
«. l^ut now the Colosseum is a scene of the deepest
I>eace. Hk^ vast building goes on crumbling year bv
year; Its walls and arches are overgrown with grass and
wild-flowers; its corridors are open to the sky; young
trc^>s spring up on the parapets; a cross stands in the
middle of the arena; birds build their nests under the
seats ; and, if one thinks of its past in contrast with its
present state, it forms the most impressive, the most
solemn, the most pathetic, the most mournful sight that
the human mind can conceive.
7. During the Middle Ages Rome dwindled in size
and population to a very gi-eat extent. It sank to
the size of a fifth-rate English town. When the Poix's
forsook It, in the fourteenth century, and removed to
Avignon,8 m the south of France, the i)opulation fell
to seventeen thousand. Even now it is not so large a
(Mty as Naples, though it is a thousand times more
interesting. Tn fact, the greatness of Rome is to be
looked for 111 the past, not in the present. If we com
pare Rome as it is with Rome as it was under the
Umperors, it is rather a tomb than a city. The ruins
are more important than the modern buildinos- its
history, than its present life. '
GREAT CITIES.-^ ROME.
189
«. Modern Home is enclosed by a wall twelve miles
in circumference, which is pierced with sixteen gates.
«ut not more than a third of this vast space is
inhabited ; the rest lies desert, or is filled with market
gardens, vineyards, and public walks. The principal
street, which is called the Corso, is about a mile in
length. Most of the other streets are winding, narrow
dirty and unpaved,-" indescribably ugly, cold, and
alley-hke. Miserable tumble-.lown huts stand close
beside, or lean against, the walls of the finest palaces;
and the dirt and squalor, the ruins and the de-bris, tho
mouldering remains of bygone grandeur, render many
parts peculiarly sad and desolate. 9. And yet there is
no part of Rome that does not possess a special interest
of Its own. Churches, palaces, convents, libraries,
colonnades, theatres, fountains, statues, and all kinds
of public buildings, meet the eye at every turn. There
IS no monotony, no distressing sameness, no tiresome
uniformity. Almost every building is different in
style and form from every other. 10. There are more
than three hundred churches in Rome, m^ny of them
of ^ great beauty, of striking architecture, rich in
pamtmgs, statuary, fine carvings, and beautiful stained
glass.^ Here and there the eye falls upon the enormous
mansions of the Roman nobility. A wonderful bright-
ness and cheerfulness are given to many of the streeta
by fountains, which send up their silvery columns into
the blue sun-, e.ped air. The two largest buUdings in
Rome are the Vatican ' and St. Peter's. 11. The Vatican
--which is the winter residence of the Pope — is proba-
bly the largest ? ouse in the world. It contains eleven
thousand rooms, many of which are halls and galleries,
and eight grand staircases; within the building itself
are tweiity courts and numerous gardens, with trees,
m
41?
11
ill
ino
FIPTII liEADEH.
a:
u
a
o
M
f-i
<
c/2^/1 r c/r//r.s\ - home. igj
flowers, and fountains. It contains the ricluvst eollec
t!on of works of art, both ancient and modern, in the
world, and possesses a library of more tbar. a h.mdrcd
thousand volumes, and nearly twenty-flvc thousan.l
nianusenpts ,n almost all the lan,.ua.,rcs of the globe.
12. bt. 1 eter h is the largest church in the world. The
dome was designed by the great painter an<i poet,
M.chael Angcio Iiuonarotti,» who was then in his seventy!
second year. The whole church took one hundre<I ami
seventy-six years m budding, ul a cost equivalent to the
enormous sum of fifty millions of dollars. The internal
decorations are richer and nmre beautif.d than those of
any other church in the world; and the wide-spreadinc
colonnades and high-springing fountains in front of
the great dome add to the majesty of its app, ranee.
Modern Rome contains more than eighty palaces
13. But besides the Rome that stands above ground
and IS seen, there is a Rome - once a populous city -
hat 18 underground, and not seen. Underground
iiome consists of the catacombs. These are subter-
rr.f -1 1' ^^f\ ''"'' ^"^'"^^'^ ^y ^"^'•^>'"^g atones
foi the building of the ancient city. The soitth side
ot l^aris stands upon numerous catacombs of the same
nature. The catacombs of Rome are fifty in number.
1 hey were the refuge and abode of thousands of the
early Christians, who were compelled by persecution
to disappear from the sunlight and the upper air, and
to spend their lives in dark caves and galleries of stone.
14. Ancient Rome was well supplied with water. Nine
splendid aqueducts brought clear crystal water from
the neighboring mountains and hills ; but of these there
are now only three in use. The anci.nt Romans were
m their time the greatest road-makers in the world • of
.-.« ;^vx-.iij^i^ luttuc, or ramer »lrongly built roads, the
192
PiFTH READER.
F/yi
mv-
1.1
best example is the Appian Way; « it is constructed of
square blocks of stone, and is still in use.
15. When the new kingdom of Italy was established,
m 1859, Florence was selected as the capital Florence
the Fair, or, as the Italians call it, Firenze la Bella,
stands on the Arno, about fifty miles from the coast,
surrounded by beautiful hills. Its church of the Holy
Cross is the Westminster Abbey of Italy, — within its
walls lie the bones of Dante,' Michael Angelo, Galileo,*
and other great men. But since 1870 the seat of th'e
capital has been removed to Rome. le. Another of the
great cities of Italy is Venice, one of the most curious
and remarkable towns in the world. It may be said
to stand in the sea; its streets are canals; its cabs are
gondolas ; and there is an eternal silence over the city.
" The sea is in the broad, the narrow streets,
Ebbing and flowing; and the salt sea- weed
Clings to the marble of her palaces.
No track of men, no footsteps to and fro,
Lead to her gates. The path lies o'er the sea,
Invincible; and from the land we went
As to a floating city, — steering in.
And gliding up her streets as in a dream."
17. Venice was once the capital of a proud and power-
ful republic, the Queen of the Adriatic,^ which held
Cyprus 10 and the Morea " in her hands. The president
was called i)o//e, or Duke; and, in a splendid and
glittering ceremony, he « married the Adriatic " once
a year. The first Doge was created in 697 ; he was
followed by seventy-nine successors, the last of whom
disappeared in 1788.
18. Rome was once the centre of the known world ;
the most powerful military state — in comparison with
p„._. wiitTic vi 4ici huixii — i/Uciii evci iiie worlu saw*
GREAT CITIES. — ROME.
193
and all known nations paid tribute to her. That was
Ihc time when all power was based upon arms and mili-
tary skill, and when the Mediterranean was believed to
be the only great sea in the world, and to stand in the
centre of the earth. Now, however, power is wielded
by commeree ; an<l the new Mediter.-anean of nations is
the Atlantic Ocean. The great tide of conmierce does
not come near Home ; she is stranded upon the deserted
shores of ancient times ; and the currents of power sweep
around England, and that newer England, on the other
side of the Atlantic, comprised in the United States
and Canada.
> NOTES.
1. Vespasian, a Roman Emperor from 69 to 79 a d He
built tlie Colosseum, and was the father of Titus, who took
Jerusalem, 70 a. n,
2. Hadrian, or Adrian, a Roman Emperor from 117 to 138
In 121 he built tlie wall wliich extends from the Tyne to the
Solway Firtli.
3. Avignon, a beautiful city in the south of France, on the left
banit of tlie Rhone. It belonged to the Papal States till 1791
It was the residence of the Poiies from 1309 to 1394.
4. Vatican, begun by Pope Eugeuius 111. in 1146. Gregory
XL fixed his permanent residence there in 1376.
5. Michael AngreloBuonarotti (1474-li563), commonly calle.t
simply Michael Anyclo, a great Italian sculptor, painter, and
architect. His remains were buried in the church of Santa
Croce (Holy Cross), in Florence.
6. Appian Way, the most important road leading out of the
city of Rome. It ran from Rome to Capua and Brundusium
{Brmdisi), and was constructed of large blocks of stone. It
Wi. . built by Appius Claudius, 312 b. c.
7. Dante Aliifhleri, commonly called Dante (1265-1321), was
the greatest of Italian poets. His chief work was La DMna
Commedia, which consists of three parts, — the Inferno, Puraa-
torio, and Paradiso.
8. Galileo Galilei, a great Italian astronomer, born in 1564
t>*e same year with Shakespeare; died in 1642, twenty-six years'
m
m^M:
194
FIFTH READER.
XoZf et , «' of " ,r,;,:' '"r ,'"« ™"' ""'-^^ '» *«
me Po, but ,s now fourteen miles inland. This chan e Ts dnp
J Mi± H "'" ^" ''" P"^^^^^^^" ^' C^'^-t Britain
IJ. Morea, the peninsula constituting the southern mrf nf
(.reece, and connected with the northen, part ^^1^1 thmus
of Corinth. H was formerly called reloponnesus
ExEiiCiSES. - 1. Write a SuMMA.n' of sections 8 to 12.
sumnly ' ""'''' '" " ^'°''" ""''"^^ " '^""^ ^^^^ ^^^^
.•3. Explain the following sentences and phrases and sxvp
vZ^ ^-; "-^^^I'-e;^ words: (I, .U it's higlit^lh''^
prospcnty 2) Proconsuls. (3) In affectionate commemora-
Uon. (4) Collecting the chief trophies of her line. (5 HadrTan
gave an eutertaUuneni in honor of his birthday. (6 k^low '"
the mnnm, fortunes of two men %htingfor their Ives 77Tb:
mo^patkeiic sight that the humaT. mi^d can ^n^e ml
wal p.erced with sixteen gates. ,9, .S,.a/o " c ' D^it
1 IluM-e IS no monotony. (12) The internal decomtVon '
iU) Subterranean galleries. (14) Its cabs are gondoks
no) Power ,s now xolelded by commerce. (16) Rome is straiX
upon the deserted shores of ancient times.
4. Parse the words in the following sentence- That W5,« th«
time When all power was based uponlrms and mihtary sk 11
5. Analyze the following sentence: -
"Most sweet it is with unuplifted eyes
To pace the ground, if path there be or none
While a fair region round the traveller lies '
Which he forbears again to look upon."
6. Give as many words as you know that are derived from
ZlTlwT''"'" «f' t,^^fo»owing English words: ^.e, land,
'^all, hill, town, sea, clip,^ sweep,^ all, follow, heal.
' <^fc«fc, etc. 2 Svmp, etc.
195
POLITICAL POWER.
(Felix Holt's election speech to the workingmen of Treby Magna, about
the time of the lieforin Bill of 18;i2.)
Cari'didate. In old Roman timeB
those seeking office put on
white robes. (Lat. candklatus,
white-robed.)
Cant, insincere talk. From Lat.
canto, I sing. Cognates, canio,
canticle, incantation (through
Fr. chant, enchant).
Corrup'tion, bribery. From Lat.
corrumpo (cornijjt-um), I break
down, corrupt. Cognates,
corrupt, disj-iipt, etc.
Cran'ny, a secret corner or chink.
From BY. cran, a notch or in-
dentation.
Deflle', make foul. From O. E.
fylan, to pollute. Cognates,
foul, filth.
Id'iot, a person without sense.
From Gr. ididtes, a private
person who took no share in
the government of the state,
and was hence looked down
upon. Cognates, idiotic, idiocy;
idiom (a phrase peculiar or
private to a country).
Major'ity, the larger number.
From Lat. major, larger. Cog.
nate.s, major (through Fr.),
riayor, mayoralty, ^The oppo
site is minority.)
Par'liamenta, meetings of na-
tional representatives to dis-
cuss national business. From
Fr. purler, to speak. Cognates,
parliamentary, parley, par-
lance, parlor, ^
Pil'fer, steal. A strengthened form
of pill, to strip bare. From
Lat. pilare, to plunder or take
away the hair ; from pilus, a
hair. Cognates, pilferer, pil-
lage , pile (the nap on cloth).
Political power, power in the
affairs of a country. Gr, pdlis,
a city, and politeia, the mode
of governing a state or city.
Cognates, politics, police, etc.
Vot'ing, giving formally and
officially an opinion ; here ex-
pressed in the choosing of a
representative in parliament.
1. " In ray opinion, that was a true word spoken by
your friend when he said the great question was how to
give every man a man's share in life. But I think he
expects voting to do more towards it than I do. I want
the workingmen to have power. I 'm a workingman
myself, and I don't want to be anything else. But there
are two sorts of power. There 's a power to do mischief,
— to undo what has been done with great exnense and
labor, to waste and destroy, to be cruel to the weak, to
"i '■
196
FIFTH READER.
he and quarrel, and to talk poisonous nonsense. 2. That 's
the sort of power that ignorant numbers have. It never
made a joint-stool or planted a potato. Do you think
It s likely to do much towards governing a great coun-
try, and making wise laws, and giving shelter, food, and
clothes to millions of men ? Ignorant power comes in
tlie end to the same thin- as wicked power ; it niukes
misery. 3. It 's another sort of i,ower that I want us
workingmen to have, and I can see plainly enough that
our an having votes will do little towards it at present
I hope we, or the children that come after us, will get
1' enty of political power some time. I tell everybodv
plamly, I hbpe there will be great changes, and that
some time, whether we live to see it or not, men will
have come to be ashamed of things they 're proud of
now 4. But I should like to convince you that votes
would never give you political power worth having while
things are as they are now ; and that if you go the rio-ht
way to work you may get j^ower sooner without vo^es
i erhaps all you who hear me are sober men, who try
to learn as much of the nature of things as you can
and to be as little like fools as possible. A fool or
Idiot is one who expects things to happen that never
can happen; he pours milk into a can without a
bottom, and expects the milk to stay there. The more
of such vain expectafons a man has, the more he is of
a fool or idiot. 5. And if any working-man expects
a vote to do for liim what it never can do, he 's toolish
to that amount, if no more.
"The way to get rid of folly is to get rid of vain
expectations, and of thoughts that don't agree with the
nature of things. The men who have had true thou^v-hts
about water, and what it will do when it is turned into
steam, and under all sm-fH r^f /.iV/.,,rv.o+„,,^^^ i. 1
POLITICAL POWER.
197
themselves a great power in the world : they are turning
the wheels of engines thi t will help to change most
things. 6. But no engines would have done, if there
had been false notions about the way water would act
iVow all the schemes about voting, and districts, and
annual Parliaments, and the rest, are engines, and tiie
water or steam - the force that is to work them - must
come out of human nature, — out of men's passions.
engines will do
, feelings, desires. 7. Whether the .„^., ,,,,, ,,„
good work or bad depends on these fedings; and it
we have false expectations about men's characters, we
are very much like tlie i.liot who thinks he'll carry
milk m a can without a bottom. In my opinion, the
notions about what mere voting will do are very much
of that sort."
" That 's very fine," said a man in dirty fustian, with
a scornful laugh. " But how are we to get the power
without votes?" ^
8. "I'll tell you what's the greatest power under
heaven said Felix, "and that is public opinion, -the
ruling belief m society about what is right and what is
wrong, what is honorable and what is shameful. That's
ihe steam that is to work the engines. How can politi-
cal freedom make us better, any more than a relio-ion
we don t believe in, if people laugh and wink when ihey
see men abuse and defile it ? 0. And while public opin-
ion IS what It IS, while men have no better beliefs about
pub he do.ty, while corruption is not felt to be a disgrace,
while men are not ashamed in Parliament and out of
It to make public questions which concern the welfare
of millions a mere screen for their own petty private
ends, I say, no fresh scheme of voting will much mend
our condition. For tnt^j .ia »r.,..i,: _i« 1.
Q ■ — ■ " T,^/iivi.i-iuuii 01 an sons.
buppose out of every hundred w'io had a vote there
mm
tM )
^. *!
198
FIFTH READER,
were tliijty who had some soberness, some sense to
choose wilh, some good feeling to make them wish the
right thing for all., lo. And suppose there were seventy
out of the hundred who were, half of them, not sober,
who had no sense to choose one thing in politics more
than anotlier, and who had so little; good feeling in them
that they wasted on their own drinking the money that
should have helped to feed and clothe their wive's and
children ; and another half of them who, if they didn't
drink, were too ignorant or mean or stupid to see any
good for themselves better than pocketing a five-shil lino-
piece when jt was offered them. Where w^ould be the
political power of the thirty sober men? The power
would li<; with the seventy drunken and stupid votes;
and I 'II tell you what sort of men would get the power,'
— what sort of men would end by returnino- whom thev
pleased to Parliament.
11. " They would be men who would undertake to do
the business for a candidate, and return him ; men who
have no real o].inions, but who pilfer the words of every
opinion, and turn them into a cant which will serve their
purpose at the moment ; men who look out for dirty
work to make their fortunes by, because dirty woik
wants little talent and no conscience ; men who know
all the ins and outs of bribery, because there is not a
cranny in iheir own souls where a bribe can't enter.
Such men as these will be the masters wherever there's
a majority of voters w^ho care more for money, more for
drink, more for some mean little end which is their own
and nobody's else, than for anything that has ever been
called Right in the world."
George. Eliot, " Felix Holt."
Exercises. — 1, Make a short Summary of the above
IvssOii.
'.1 t
POLITICAL POWER.
199
own 7:^1:^;!"''' '^'^ °" ^^^o-or^m. Politics," from youi
3. Explain the following sentences and phrases and irivp
(2) Annual Parliaments. (3) We ought not to have false
expectations about men's characters. (4) Public opinion
j^ Men abuse and aeflle both politics and religion. 0) C I "^ !
wants little talent and no conscience. {11) Cranm, 112) \
majority of votei-s. \ ^t cranny. (IJI A
4. Parse the following sentence; A fool or idiot is one who
expects things to happen that never can happen.
5. Anal yze the following sentence : —
"Oinrlefutigable laborer
In the paths of men! when thou shall die, 't will be
A mark of thy surpassing industry,
Tliat of the monument which men shall rear
Over thy most inestimable bone.
Thou didst thy very self lay the'ttrst stone • "
makeother.' can, fool, man, turn, ,jooa, W.-coM /•„/>"'•
.. O.ve as many derivatives as you know tan, the ollowino
mnlat) , scio, I know, compound witli eon and ne ■ maior
greater; mmor less; s(o, Island (rootsf,;, sten, .,M, ) con "^ d
tence Hlustiat.ng its proper use: abstract, compact concert
> TVow, <n)<A, etc.
* Or, either, etc.
* Want, etc.
* Bite, bitter, «tc.
■;r'
r *
li '
m
FIFTH READER,
GREAT CITIES.
PA-RIS.
M! i-
Ambas'sadors, officials who rep-
resent their sovereigns or
states at a foreign conrt.
Arcade', a wallt arched over.
From Lat. arcus, a bow.
As'pect, appearance. From Lat.
aspicio (^aipeftum), 1 looli on.
Av'enues, a name for a wide ap-
proach or street. From Fr. a,
to, and venir, to come
Bas'tion, a mass of earth or ma-
sonry, built at the angles of
a fortification. From O. Fr.
basfi. ; to build.
Bou'levards, wide streets gen-
erally planted with trees. From
German bollwerki hence, our
bulwark, originally a fortifi-
cation, or work, made of the
trunks or boles of trees.
Diver'sity, variety. From Lat.
(HversHS, different. Cognate,
f liver se.
Embel'lishment, making beau-
tiful. From Fr. emhellir, from
Lat. bellus, pretty.
En'ergy, great and steady activ-
ity. From Gr. energeia; from
en, in, and ergon, a work.
En'terprise, courageous and un-
dertaking character. From
Fr. entreprendre, to under-
take.
Exte'rior (a Latin word), outside;
opposed to Lat. interior, in-
side.
fortifioa'tionn, lono' mouiidR
ditches, and fortresses for the
protection of a town or coun-
try against an enemy. From
L&t. fortis, strong, and facto, I
make.
Mar'vel, wonder. From Fr. mcr-
veille; from Lat. miralnlis,
wonderful. (Theft and v, being
both labials, are interchange-
able.)
Organized, planned and ar-
ranged. From Gr. organon, an
instrument ; from ergo, I do or
make.
Pes'tilent, harboring disease.
From Lat. pestis, plague or
severe disease.
Preoccupa'tion, occupation of
the mind with something else
than what is going on around
From Lat. pr<e, before, and
occupo, I seize.
Rec'ord, account, —generally a
ivritten account. From Lat.
re, again, and coi- (cord-is), the
heart or mind.
Rook'eries, a name here given to
low and crowded quarters of a
town, frequented by thieves
and bad characters.
Suites, sets of rooms coTinectdd
with and follotcing each other.
From Fr. suivre, to follow;
from Low Lat. sequere; from
Lat. sequi. Cognates, suit
(of clothes, or suit at law);
Suitable; atid (straigiii irom
GREAT CTTIES. — PAnrs.
201
Latin) sequel, sequent; conse-
quence; prosecute; ])ersecute,
etc.
Translu'cenf;, allowing light to
pass through, but not perfectly.
Prom Lat. fraiis, through, and
luceo, I Ijgliteu; from lux
(Itic-ia), light.
Untaint'ed, pure, unblemished.
From Fr. teindre, to dya ; from
Lat. tingo (tinctum), to dye.
Cognates, tinge, tincture.
Viois'situdes, changes, gener-
ally from good to bad. From
Lat. vices, turns ; vicissim, by
turns.
1. Paris is the larprest city on the continent of Europe.
If-London is the business capital of the world, Paris is
the pleasure capital. To Paris come people from all
parts of the glohe to enjoy themselves, to spend a pleas-
aut holiday, and to spend also in the most agreeable
manner any money they may have to spare. 2. It has
other points of contrast with London. London is built
of brick ; Paris of beautiful white stone. London has a
dull, murky sky ; the sky of Paris is clear blue, untainted
with smoke. The streets of London are often narrow
and mean ; those of Paris are for the most j)art wide and
noble. There is in London a general aspect of business,
hard work, and preoccupation ; the best-known parts of
Pans are filled with people who seem to have no other
occupation than that of enjoying tiiemselves.
3. Paris received its name from a small tribe of Gauls,
called the ParisiL In the earliest times we have any
record of, the spot was a rude fortress and place o'f
refuge, — with huts built of mud, reeds, and branches
of trees, to which this wild tribe betook themselves when
hard pressed by their enemies, and where they were jiro-
tected by the two branches of the river, which parted at
the jsland now called the Island of the City {Isle de la
Cite). Early in the sixth century the town built here
was already the chief city of the north of France; it
»^tood upon two islands, the Isle de la Cite and the Isle
do St. Louis. It was tlien but a small village ; it is now,
m
;!
h'
In i
202
FIFTH UEADKR.
GREAT CITIES.^PARIS.
203
Q
>i
O
M
I
H
O
0.
as has been said, the largest and most beautiful city on
the continent.
4. Paris stands upon both banks of the Seine, two
thirds of it ui)on the north or right bank, and one third
upon the south or left bank of the river. It does not
stand in the geographical centre of France; but, as Pans
is the head and the brain of that great country, it is
indeed its moral and intellectual cent re. Again, tlioiigli
Paris is not in the geographical centre of France,1t
stands at the
head of all the
land ways, of
all the most
fertile a 1 1 u-
vial river
valleys of
France. All
the natural
roads of the
c o u n t r y,
which take
their way
through the
centre of the
great river-
valleys, meet
at Paris.
PARIS AT HRAD OF THE f.AND WAYS OF FIlANfR.
5. Just as London stands at the centre of the great
water ways of the world, and thus commands the com-
merce of the world, so Paris stands at the centre of the
groat land ways of France, the richest and most fertile
country in Europe. It is about 250 miles from London ;
500 miles from the Mediterranean; 750 from Rome; 650
from Madrid; and 1300 from Constantinople. Railways
ti
204
I'lFTII READER.
unite it with all these townn (ex.ept the last) and
Kuroi-. « P -^ • , ^ •'' "'"''"'"'^^ importance in
*^uro,^. 6. Pans is the seat ,>f the ir(,v ernnient of
Franco, th. piac where all the .unhassa.ht- s fron ^r i<n
conmr.os resule, th. centre of all the bar.kin. 1,.,, he
<> he country, the ho„.. of lau, Icarnin., a^l s< W
It ha. seen the most terrible viclssitu.les it J^oZ
he ml r ;T '"'""^ -l-iencesofVar, thrf^Th
the most awful .cencs of bhnxl an<l fire- but it hn«
emerged with little injury from then, all!' "
7. I he cty Itself is a marvel of architectural beauty
and of ever-pleasing variety. It is surrounded C a
strong wall of stone, with ninety-four bastions, and ' "th
T^'hii;: :;d' '- '' "^' "' '^-^^^ ""^•^^"•^^ -^^ -^^^'^
crowned with very strong fortifications. Paris hn^
always been surrounded by walls • bnf tlw. r. !
fAm r^f f^ 4.U- .' ^ v>aii!,, Out the present sys-
tem of fortifications was begun in the year 1840
8. Despite the wars and sieges she has h ul to , i
■pn«:„ I "^^tra silt, ji.is nad to undero'o
Pans has grown steu.lily i„ «,«, i„ bea„ty, an,l in p, -C
lat.on Four centuries ag„_in the year 474 he ye
when the first English ,rinted hook'was i.„.;iishe.r
mr 1807;^!::,''?'' ■'P«P"'»'-" of only 150,C00 ; in the
y..ar 1802 ,t had slowly grown to 670,000 ; but from the
■apidity, until now — in the year 1880 — Paris numbers
about two millions of inhabitants. ,. The wlairand
mdustry o the inhabitants have changed the whoCt
century Magnihcent streets of palaces, broad boule
vards and avenues, buildings of wonieitd KZy, strikt
the new-comer witi, amazement as b. er-t... lis mo! ™
Babylon^ ,o. Broad boulevards ana avenues, lined wih
trees, and commanded by lofty houses builto fine white
ORKAT r, TIES. -PA HIS. 205
w th balconi, „rnHm««tc.l b, .i„ot ironwork un.I HiL
r „l . ™''"'r '•'"'•"' - "'" •"■• "■»- r,.„„d 1, '
the heart „l Paris, a,„l ,re cromled with .:arria«,.^ ,■ b
smnslune .„ one unbroken current of ,ile;iwire-»,.t.kin^
r; :;;; :;r'"- . ''y' »"-"" ••"•" *« ■--^ "eautir i f
1 n "• '^'""[it. II. iiH' I'aMsaiftu which aro
brilhant «bo|,s c.t ov,.ry kin.l, form a sp-.-ial fentuivh, tl ,
vane,l worl,] of V-,nn. There ar.. o,n!|,„nd™ a , I 1
of them, an,l thu, the I'arinlan an,l th<. fo d^^^^^^^^^^
w for nule. un.lor a eovcring of .,a.B in anfj th"'
i .MS has b<.r squares too, with area,l™ round the sides
with gardens in th„ ,uiddl„ of then,, _ wardens !^!"vwi^h
flower, and green with trees, while of,en a b^l" ,
m.-b]e.fo„„tan, will send „p its colunu. of ,dUt"
an 1 q „o an.l coolness by the gentle plash :, ,,1 perpe, ual
all of Its waters, n. The magnificent q„avs whi h
hi^e the nver for miles, are duetto the em .rpr ,e a „l
rtcserted the Sen.e, and prefers the land-road o ' railways
th^y are Imed, not by forests of masts, but -oddly
enough -by rows of old-book stalls. Still they a ^
PK,nd,d promenades, and add to the finished ZyZ
th« whole nver scene. The riyer itself i. er, .sed by
X^TZl *'* ""' ^'''.^•^"' ''"^'ees, mo,stIy Jt of
stone, but some consisting of wide sweeps f iron
a. ches, as strong as they are graceful. The city c atlina
floirfh^'f r """ p""^' s"^ -* ™an';..t;ed
4'
mi-
M'.
\^n
206
FIFTH READER.
13. The whole city contains about seventy thousand
houses ; but as these are much higher than most of the
houses m London, and contain different families living
in separate suites of rooms upon each story, the popula-
tion IS much more dense than in London. The greatest
improvements in the city have been made since the year
l8o4, when Napoleon III. invited Baron Hausmann
to Pans, and ordered him to set to work. Hausmann
quickly cleared out the dark and narrow streets
pulled down the picturesque but pestilent old houses!
drove splendid boulevards and streets through the
crowded rookeries, and let in light and air upon^ll the
old parts of Paris.
14. The Museums, under which head the French in-
elude galleries of painting and sculpture, form a remark-
able feature of this remarkable city. Museums of an-
tiquities, of natural history, of war, of geography, of art,
ot science, — all are open free of expense to the intellio-ent
and inquiring vkhor. The l^ational Library of Paris
has Itself near'y two million books, - ahnost double the
number of the books in the Biitish Museum ; and it has
scores of milei. of shelves. i5. Fine buildings meet the
eye every where, - churches of every age and in every
style, palaces, spacious markets, hospitals and colleges
theatres and magnificent barracks. The International"
Jixhibitions of Paris have always been famous for the
scale upon which they have been organized, as well a8
for the results achieved, le. There are in Paris indus-
tries of almost every kind. Jewelry, clock-making ;
workmg in gold, silver, and iron ; furniture, chemicals,
printmg, — all these" exercise the patient and cheerful
ingenuity of the Parisian workman. Paris has also lon^
been noted for beautiful porcelain and rich carpets.
17. The first attempts at the embellishment of Paris
GREAT CITIES.-PARIS. 207
Toul'T G^l'T""' "" ^°'™ ^^^•' <"^"'-i "'-
over by a Vvo f . ^'^ '?''"^ "' '^"''"•' '' "^'^hed
over oy a sky of clear, translucent blue, iintaintpd J>^
mist, untouched by cloud, and untinged b;"S '
inl™"-'- "^^^ ' ''™"^«^ "< P-S-Ph« 9 to ,2,
Jmlrl"" " '""' "^""^ "" " °^''-^- !•-- " 'rom your own
c<.«(ras( with London rsTl;; "/""«« "'her points of
cenue of all the bf„™„g l i,.eh "'o", th:" ".'"'^'•, ''' ^"^
seen the most terrible .IcfeXfc m xr™""'"'''- '*' I""'^
palaces strike the new-comM riM, „ ' ' Magnificent streets of
are due to the emer„r£Zi In^r^ZT""; '*" '^"^ "'^V
merce has nearly d'eserted the sfne iTt"" \ "'■ ^""'■
rooms. (9) Pestilent old house, n'oi t I ■"""' '""^^ "'
M^ght 2n! ""•'"' *' °"« ^'•««* J^'-d of fate
Jwigbt smile upon another half as great."
the- flowii; EngUsh wl^'^ "°'^' ^"'" '»'"' ««'■>-'«' with
„,.,. ..„ _." ''■"Sl'sh words: name, stand,> toum, fire, glm>.
'Strong, high, up,^ meet,^ kin
* IJ
t^p.
* Steady eto.
'^«- ^Mate,^tc. *JR„rf,eto.
m
~TfT>S\
!
208
FIFTH READER.
A FOREST SCENE.
les, deep little hollows be-
tween hills. (It is a by-form of
an old word dimble, used in a
like sense ; and both are only
variations of dimple.)
Pal'Irey, a lady's horse. From
Low Lilt, puraveredus, a spare
horse.
Peered, peeped. From the Middle English piren, to look clo8«ly.
1. They came to where the brushwood ceased, and day
Peered 'twixt the stems ; and the ground broke away
A FOREST SCENE.
209
2,
In a sloped sward down to a brawling brook
And up as high as where they stood to look '
On the brook's farther side was clear; Imt then
Ihe underwood and trees began again.
This open glen was studded thick with thorns
Then white with blossom; and you saw the horns
Through the green fern, of the shy fallow-deer
Which come at noon down to the water here.
3. You saw the bright-eyed squirrels dart along
Under the thorns on the greensward ; and strong
The blackbird whistled from the dingles near
And the weird chij)ping or the woodi.ecker '
Kang lonelily an,l sharp; the sky was fair,
And a fresh breath of s,>ring stiVred everywhere.
4. Merlin and Vivian stopped on tlie slope's brow
lo gaze on the green sea <,f leaf and bough
TV Inch glittering lay all round them, lone and mild,
As if to Itself the (piiot forest smiled.
6- t pon the brow-top grew a thorn, and here
The grass was dry and mossed, and you saw clear
Across the hollow ; white anemones
Starred the cool turf, and clumps of primroses
Kan out from the dark underwood behind.
A o fairer resting-place a man could find.
Here let us halt," said Merhn then; and she
Nodded and tied her ,>alfrey to a tree.
Matthew Arnold.
CAUTIONS AND niRECTIOXS FOK KEADIXO
V KijSE .J. — Luie 4: Avoid tlie verse anrpnf. um... /;,.
VER8K 4. -Line 2: Read on-the-green-seaJom^ova,
'■;' .8
II
■H; ;
N t
Im
210
FIFTH READER,
CHARACTER OP SIR WALTER SCOTT.
Appur'tenanoes, belongings.
From Lat. arf, to, and pertiiieo,
I belong. Cognates, apper-
tain, impertinent.
Au'dible, to be heard. Prom La..
audio, I hear. Cognates, audi-
tor, audience, inaudible.
Dls'oipliae, training. From Lat.
di9cipulu8, a scholar; from
disco, I learn. Cognates, dis-
ciple, disciplinarian,
Exten'sion, a widening out.
From Lat. ex, out of, and ten-
do (tem-um), I stretch. Cog-
nates, extend, extensive; ( ,ise
(= stretched) ; intend.
Por'titude, quiet coiirage or brav-
ery. From Latin /or«a, strong
CHARACTER OF SIR WALTER SCOTT. 211
Cognates, fort, far-
ot brave.
tresM.
^mperoep'tibly, without any one
noticing it. From Lat.i«, not,
andi?em>io, I perceive. Cog-
nates, perception, perceptible;
(^^rough Fr.) j}erceive.
fnoarnat'ed, clothed in flesh.
Prom Lat. caro (cam-is), flesli.
Cognates, carnation (a flesh-
colored flower); camivormts ;
incarnation.
Indefatigable, not to be wearied
out. From Lat. in, not, and
defattfio, I tire out. Cognate
fctigue (through Fr. The end-
ing we is of Fr. origin).
In'teroourse, coming together.
From I^t. inter, between,
And cnrro (curs-um), 1 run
Cognates, current, curscrry;
(through Fr.) cmrse.
Mod'elled, moulded or fashioned
From Fr. modele, a model ;
from Lat. modnim, a diminu-
tive of modus, a measure.
Cognates, mode, moderate
moderation. '
Bepos'itories, places in which
things are kept. From Lat. re,
back, and pnno (posit-um), l
place. Cognates, repose,- de-
pose, deposit, depositor!/.
Soru'pulous, very careful. From
Lat. scrupnlus, a small sharp
stone, which, getting into the
shoe, would make a person
move carefully.
Tes'tament, will. From Lat.
testis, a witness. Cognates.
testator, testa f, -iv ; festiri/, tes-
thnonij.
Tex'ture, woven fibre. From
Lat, texo (textum), I weave.
Cognates, text, textile.
Tincture, that which tinges
From Lat. tingo {tinctum), t
stain. Cognate, tinge. See
page 200.
l«qo'^J^''"w f "PS'* ^"^ ^- ^- «" th« 2ist of September
1832, Sir Walter Scott breathed his Imf in ,,'' P'*^""*"^''
of an his children. It .a. XutIS' ^ Trr
was distinct y audible as wp tr,nif if I'^^*^'e8—
hi. eldest soa'kisserand riosed isTyr' No '''', ?"
ac ter whi k we havT;h """"'"' *■"" "° •"""- "'>-
equal' mini::, :;:^,3S^^^^^
texture. The <^and VJJ ,7 ■ """^ "P '» '*«
an others, wLCe/r:!!!/?'"."."?' '"« "asis oi
than in him; and it wn«;,r"-'r' '" '"*"'^'' Perfection
ni , and ,t was, as perhaps tree conrage always
f
ill
212
PlFTH READER.
I i^;
is, combined with an equally admirable spirit of kini
ness and humanity. His pride, if we must call it so,
undebased by the least tincture of mere vanity, was
intertwmed with a most exquisite charity, and was not
inconsistent with true humility. 3. If ever the principle
of kindliness was incarnated in a mere man, it was in
him ; and real kindliness can never be but modest. In
the social relations of life, where men are most effectu-
ally tried, no spot can be detected in him. He was a
patient, dutiful, reverent son; a generous, compassionate,
tender husband; an honest, careful, and most affection-
ate lather. Never was a more virtuous or a happier fire-
side than his. The influence of his mighty genius
shadowed It imperceptibly ; his calm good sense, and his
angehc sweetness of heart and temper, regulated and
softened a strict but paternal discipline. 4. His children
as they grew up, understood by degrees the high privi'
i^ge of their birth ; but the profoundest sense of his
greatness never disturbed their confidence in his good-
ness. The buoyant play of his spirits made him sit youno-
among the young; parent and son seemed to live in
brotherhood together; and the chivalry of his imagina-
tion threw a certain air of courteous gallantry into his
relations with his daughters, which gave a very peculiar
grace to the fondness of their intercourse.
5 Perhaps the most touching evidence of the lasting
tenderness of his early domestic feelings was exhibited
to his executors, when they opened his repositories in
search of his testament, the evening after his buriab On
lifting up his desk, we found arranged in careful order
a series of little objects, which had obviously been so
placed there that his eye might rest on them every
morning before he began his tasks. These were the
.„,„ ^.^^j, ^^.^^ ^.^.. ganiijji^e^ i^jg mother's
CHARACTER OF SIR WALTER SCOTT. 218
toilet wl,e„ he, a sickly child, slej.t in her dressing-room ■
.he SI ver taper-stand which the young advocate hac.
bought tor her with his first five-guin«, fee; a row of
small packets inscribed will, her han.l, and containin..
the ha,r of those ot her offspring that had died before her"
h,s father ss„uff-l,„.x and ,,e„oil-case ; and n.ore thi„.^'
ot the like sort, recalling the " old familiar faces." c The
«ame feeling was apparent in all the arrangenients of hi,
!'.-ivate a,,artment. Pictures of his father and mother
we.;e 1.C only ones in his dressing-roon,. The clumsy
anti,|uc eabmets that slo,„l there -things of a very dif-
creno c ass from the beautiful and ..ostly prodnc.iiis in
he pHble rooms below -had all belonged to the furui-
».-e ot George's Square. Eve s father's rickety wa -
i.J,'-s.,-.nd, with all its cramped appurtenances, though
exceedingly unlike what a man of his very s,. -upulous
babits would have selecte these days, ke.ft its g!:,:.;"
.. huch a son and parent could hai.lly fail in .-my of
U.e other social relations. No man was ,a tinner or inoi.
m, le atigable fnend. f know not that he ever lost one;
and afew with whom, during the energetic middle sta.,
of life, from political difterenccs or other .•uci,lent!al
c-rcumstances, he lived less familiailv, had all gathered
round lim, and renewed the full warmth of eaWy affec
t.on in his later days. There was enough to ,lignify the
connecuon in their eyes; but nothing to chill i: ^u either
It 1 t" '"'"Smation that so completely mastered
oim udien he chose to give her the rein, was kept under
most determined control when any of the positive obli-
gations of active life came into question. A hhdi an "
pure sense of duty presided over whatever ho had to
do as a citizen and a magistrate ; and as a landlord he
considered his estate as an e.Kteiision of his hearth
Lockhart (1794-1854).
i
'<r
?
!
h
1
J' hi
II ill
214
FiFTH READER,
Exercises. — 1. Make a Summary of paragraphs 2 to 6, In-
elusive.
2. Write " The Character of Sir Walter Scott," .<'rom your own
summary.
3. Explain the following sentences and phrases, and give
synonyms for the italicized words: ( 1 ) A more mftjestic image of
repose. (2) Fortitude is the basiti of all other virtues. (;3)
Undcbased by the least tincture of vanity." (4) hicarnuteU.
(o) His angelic sweetness softened a strict discipline. (6)
. Intercourse. (7) Repositories. (8) Garnished. (U) Cramped
appurtenances. (10) More indefatigable friend. (11) Ener-
getic middle stage of life. (12) He considered his estate as an
extension of his hearth.
4. Parse the words in the following sentence: " In the social
relations of life, where men are aiost effectually tried, no spot
can be detected in him."
5. Analyze the following sentence: "I'm truly sorry man's
dominion has broken nature's social union, and justifies that ill
opinion which makes thee startle at me, thy poor earth-born
companion and fellow-mortal."
6. Give as many words as you know, derived from, or in any
way connected with, the following English words: late,^ t/a//,-'
wide, fcnee,3 true, rue,* live, give, begin, sloio,^ know, no.
7. Give as many derivatives as you know from the following
Latin words: tendo, I stretch (root tend, stem tens), compound
with con, ex, in; ligo, 1 bind (root lig, stem ligat), compound
with ob; qucero, I seek (root queer, stem qucesit), compound
with ex, in, and con; imago (imagin-is), an image; socius, a
companion; pater, a father; frater, a brother.
8. With each of the following words and phrases make a se?)-
tence illustrating its mQ^nmg: fortitude, courage, equanimity,
contentment, deep, profound ; display in perfection ; not incon
■sistent with ; shake confidence ; insinuate a doubt.
' Lateness, etc.
« Jiuth, ruthless.
« Dawn, etc. » A'neel, etn.
6 Slug, sluggard, slack, etc.
216
THE SPANISH ARMADA (UhSj.
a
Oommunioa'tions, connections.
From Lat. communis, common
or joined.
Oon'cert, action togetlier. From
Lat. con, together, and cerfo, 1
strive.
Demor'allzed. disheartened.
From Fr. d^moraliser, to bring
down from a moral, upright,
or confident condition. Cog-
nates, moral, viorality.
Descent', landing. From Lat.de,
down, and scando {scans-um),
I climb. Cognates, descetid ;
ascend, ascent,
Wetach'ments, separate bodies
of men. From Fr. detacher.
Its opposite is attach; and it
is connected with the English
word fad:
ttal'leons, great galleys. From
Spanish f/aleon.
Herpetics, persons who do not be-
lieve in the "true faithy and
separate themselves from be-
lievers. From Gr. haireo, 1
take or choose.
Kerns.common people, peasantry.
Mili'tla, men enrolled and par-
tially drilled, liable to be called
upon only for the internal de-
fence of the country.
Mus'terinK, assembling. From
O. Fr. mustrer; Fr. montrer, to
show; Lat. monsfrOre. (The
idea is thai of showing 07,e's
self, lilce the O. E. wapenschaw
~ a showing of weapons.) Cog-
nates, demonstrate, demon,
stration.
No'table, considerable. From
Lat. nota, a mark; hence nolo-
bihs. Stable is contracted
into 7ioble. Cognates, ignoble,
nobility.
Pa'triotism, love of one's coun-
try. From Lat. pater, a father ;
patria, the fatherland. Cog-
nates, patriot, expatriate.
Reap, hinder part. From Fr.
aiTiere, behind; from Lat.
ad, to, and retro, behind.
(This word has nothing to do
with the English rear, which
is a by-form of rise, raise, ana
rouse)
.. It was only on the last day of July that the sails of
the Annada were see,, from the Lizard,- and the English
beacons flared out their alarm along the eoast The
news found England ready. An army wa m. ;te,W
..nder Le.cester at Tilbury,'^ the militlf of the Sa f
couMies were gathering to Loudon, while those of the
south and east were held in readiness t< .eet a descend
on either shore. . Had Parma • landed on the ea He"
■ ' ~~ 1-^^'=^^, «v vvuiua nave found his way to
■ -i i
^^i^i
HiJli
Iffi 4*^
\i
'*^'
216
r/FTIl HE A DER.
London V«rred by a force stronger than his own, — a
force, too, of men who had already crossed pikes on
('(jual terms wi*h his best infantry in Flaruh'rs. " When
I shall have landed," he warned liis niiiKtcr, "I must
tiji^ht battle after battle; I shall lose men by wounds
and disease; I must leave <letachments behind me to
keep o])en my eommunieations; and in a short time the
body of my army will become so weak, that not only I
may be unable to acivance in the face of the enemy, and
Lime may be given to the heretics and your Majesty's
other enemies to interfere, but there may fall out some
notable inconveniences, with the loss of everytliing, and
I be unable to remedy it."
3. Even had the Prince landed, in fact, the only rerd
chance of Spanish success lay in a Catholic rising; an<l
at this crisis ])atriotism proved stronger than religious
zeal in the hearts of the Enuflish C^ath.olics. Catholic
gentry brought their vessels up alongside of Drake ^ and
Lord Howard,'* and Catholic lords ied their tenantry to
the muster at Tilbury. l>ut to sec«:»'e a landing at all,
the Spaniards had to be masters of the Channel ; and
in the Channel lay an Enghsh fleet, resolved to struggle
hard for tlie mastery. 4. As the Armada sailed on in
a broad crescent past Plymouth, moving toward its
point of junction with Parma at Dunkirk, the vessels
which had gathered under Lord Howard of Effingham
slip])ed out of the bay, and hung with the wind upon
their rear. In numbers the two forces were strangely
unequal ; the English fleet counted only eighty vessels
against the one hundred and thirty which composed the
Armada. In size of ships the disproportion was even
greater. 5. Fifty of the English vessels, mcludmg the
squadron of Lord Howard and the craft of the volun-
teers, were little bigger than yachts of the present day.
THE SPANISH AJWADA.
217
Even of the thirty Queen's sliips which formed it „
My, there were only four which equalled in tonna. .,
tlie smallest of the SpMuish galleons. Sixty-five of these
galleons formed the most formidable half of the Spanish
fleet ; and four galliasses, or gigantic galleys, armed with
fifty gnm a,„oce, fifty-six armed merchantmen, an.l
twenty pmnaces made up the rest.
«• The Arnuula was ])r(>vided with two thousand five
'•••ndred cannon, and a vast store of i,rovi8ions; it had
on board eight thousand sca.nen and twentv thousand
soldiers; and .t a court-favorite, the DukeVf Medina
Sidoma had been placed at its head, he was supported
l>y the ablest staff of naval officers which Spain possessed,
hmail however, as the English ships were, they were
"1 perfect trim; they sailed two feet for the Spaniards'
one; they were manned with nine thousand hardy sea-
'"f'b and their admiral was backed by a crowd of cap-
^•nswh<» had won fame in the Spanish seas. With
hun was Hawkins," ul.o h.,d been the first to break into
the charmed circle of the Indies; Frobisher,' the hero
of the Northwest Passage; and above all Drake, who
held command of the privateers. 7. They had won too
the advantage of the wind ; and, closing in, or drawincr
off as they would, the lightly-handled English vessels"
^vl.ich hred four shots to the Spaniard;' one, hunc.
'oldly on the rear of the great fleet as it moved alonf.
the Channel. "The feathers of the Spaniard," in the
-nraseot the English seamen, " were plucked one by
one. Galleon after gnlk.on was sunk, boarded, driven
on shore, and yet Medina Sidonia failed in brin-incr
his j,ursuers to a close engagement. 8. Now haltlnc?
now moving slouly on, the running fight between tlTe
two fleets lasted throughout the week; till the Armada
"~^'i ""-^01 ill Caiuis roads, ihe time had now
218
FIFTH READER.
. &
^.1
come for sharper work if the junction of the Armada
withlarmHwas to be prevented; for, demoralized as
the {5paniardH had been hy the menrileas chase, their loss
in Hhi],H had not been great, while the English Hupplies
ot too<l a.id ammunition were fast running out. Howard
rt'80 ved to force an engagement, an.i, lighting ei.. ,t
hreships at midnight, sent the.n down with the tide
upon the Spanish line. The galleons at once cut their
cables and stood out in panic to sea, drifting with the
wmd m a long line off Gravelines."
0. Drake resolved at all costs to prevent their return
At dawn tlie English ships closed fairly in, and almost
then- last cartridge was spent ere the sun went down
ilu-ee great galleons l,ad sunk, three had drifted hel,,-
k'ssly o„ to the Flemish coast ; but the bulk of tile
Spanish vessels remained, and even to Drake the fleet
seemed " wonderful great and strong." lo. Within the
Arnuida itself, however, all hope was gone. Huddled
together l,y the wind and the deadly English fire, their
sails torn, their masts shot away, the crowded galleons
had become mere slaughter-houses. Four thousaiul men
Had tal en, and, bravely as the seamen fought, thev were
cowed by the terrible butchery. Medina himself "was in
despair. " We are lost, Senor Oquenda," he cried to his
bravest cai)tain ; " what are we to do ? " " Let others talk
of being lost," replied Oquenda; "your Excellency lias
only to order up fresh cartridge." ii. But Oquend-i
stood alone, and a council of war resolved on retreat to
Spam by the one course open, that of a circuit round the
Orkneys. "Never anything pleased me better," wrote
IJrake, "than seeing the enemy fly with a southerly wind
to the northwards. Have a good eye to the Prince of
Farma, for, with the grace of God, if we like, I doubt
not ere \t be long so to handle the matter with the Duke
e Armada
ralized as
their loss
i HUpplic'S
Howard
mpa I'i- ,t
the tide
cut their
with tiio
ir returrj.
d ahnost
It down,
ted heij)-
k of tiie
the fleet
it hill the
Iliiddied
ire, their
galleons
and men
ley were
If was in
id to his
lers talk
'ncy has
)(|iienda
treat to
und the
" wrote
'ly wind
rince of
[ doubt
le Duke
THE SPAMSH Alf}fADA. 219
of Sidonia, as he shall wish himself home a.^ain amon^
am orancre tr»^e8 " 12 n„t tu i ^ T ^ aniong
reserverl fr • . 1 ^^''' ""''''^ ^^ destruction was
t-^rvcdfor . mightier foe than Drake. Supplies feU
short and the English vessels were forced to .me un
the chase; but the Spanish ships which re„,ai„t ,,aj
no sooner reached th„ n..i,„.....,.,__ ,, """"•" 'lad
" "" ■"^.r'= '"^" tne storms of the
ill
220
FIFTH READER.
northern sons broke on them with a fury before whwli
all concert and union disappeared.
13. Fifty reached Corunna,^ bearing ten thousand men
stricken with pestilence and death ; of the rest some
were sunk, some dashed to pieces against the Irish cliffs.
The wreckers of the Orkneys ^"^ and the Faroes," the
clansmen of the Scottish Isles, the kerns of Donegal and
Gahvay, all had their ])art in the work of murder and
rcbbery. Eight thousand Spaniards i)erished between
the Giants' Causeway ^^ and the Blaskets." 14. On a
strand near Sligo," aii English captain numbered eleven
hundred corpses which had been cast up by the sea.
The flower of the Spanish nobility, who had been sent
on the ne^f crusade under Alonzo da Leyva, after twice
suffering shipwreck, put a third time to sea to founder
on a reef near Dunluce.^^ j. r. Green.
NOTES.
1. Lizard I'oint, the most southern promontory of England.
Tlie word is a corruption of Lazar Point. A lazar (so called
from Lazurns) was the name in the Middle Ages for. a Iviu'v.
A house for lepers and other sick people was a Lazar-hoiise or
Lazaretto. There was a house erected, on this point for the
reception of i)orsons stricken, or supposed to be stricken, with
plague. Hence the name. (The d is an excrescence, like the
(1 in munds thunder, etc.)
2. Tilbury, a fort in Esse.x, near the mouth of the Thames,
opposite (iiavesend.
3. Parma, the Duke of Parma, who was in command of the
Spanish army stationed near Dunkirk, and prepared for the
invasion of England.
4. Drake, Sir Francis (1545-1595), one of the great sailors
of England. He was for many years the plague of Spain, the
Spanish possessions, and the Spanish fleet, both naval and
commercial.
5. Lord Howard of Effingham (1536-1024) was Lord High
Admiral of England; he conunanded, in 1588, the fleet which
destroyed the iuviucible Armada.
THE SPANISH ARMADA.
221
ci?; f *''^!"«' S"- J«hn (1520-1590). a gallant English admiral,
^ho served under Drake, and also on mp.ny expeditions. IHs
adventures are described in Hakluyt's Voyages.
7. Frobisher, Sir Martin (died 1594), a ffreat sailor wlin
served under Drake in the West Indies, etc. The dfs ovir^ S
«ie Northwest Passage was his most besetting thought, and 1^
made three attempts. Frobisher's Strait is n.-Tmed afte; him.
miTesfrom Calais' '"" " ''' '""^ ^' ^""^^' ^^^"' '-'-
9 Corunna a town in the northwest of Spain, now famous
a^the spot where Sir John Moore shipped off his troops afte
he m t"hir^ '/'' "t"'' ""^'"^^ '''''^'' '" ^^'«^-y' -"' where
lie met his death in January, 1800.
10. Orkneys, islands between Scotland and the Shetland Isles
group of islands lying between the Shetland Isles and Iceland.
(Ue IS a Norwegian word meaning island; it is the cy in
Orkne?/, Jersey, etc.) ^
12. Giants' Causeway, a promontory of basaltic rock, in An-
S rrolf DubHn' ''"' "^' "" '^^° "^^ ^^^'^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^'^ ^^^
13. Blaskets a group of islands on the west coast of Ireland.
col!; of Trdand. "'"'' '' "^'""^^ '"«"°' '"^ ^^^^^''^ ^ "^ ^^^
15. Dunluce, a small town on the north coast of Ireland
clifsfv?'"'"''""^' ^^"^' ''' '^"^^-^^^^^^ «f sections 6 to 12, in-
2. Write a short paper on - The Spanish Ai mada " from your
own summary. ^ "*
3. Explain ^hefollowingsentences and phrases: (1) Anarmv
shore. (3) I must leave detachments behind me to keep open
my communications. (4) Notable inconveniences. (5) Patriot-
ism proved stronger than fanaticism. (6) The English hung
with the wind "POM their rear. (7) Closing in or drawing off
a. they would. (8) Demoralized by the merciless chase. (9) A
council of war resolved on retreat. (10) All concert and un on
disappeared. (11) The flower of the Spanish nobility. ( 12) The
wreckers and the clansmen. \ ^} t-uc
I t' ^f!f ^"® ,'"""" "^S soutence : ''■ Even hail the Prince landed,
l^n fac. the only real chance of Spanish success lay in a Catholic
m
222
PIFTH READER.
5. Analyze the following sentence: —
'« There is a flower, the lesser celandine,
That shrinks like many more from cold and rain
And the first moment that the sun may shine,
Bright as the sun himself, 't is out again ! «♦
6. Write down as many words as you know derived from, or
cogna e with, the following English words: late, wkile,7eJ'
lose,nody,fall, land, lie, heart, hard, hang, wind. '
frnVn H,?^f l^''"- '" r""^"'""' ""' ^^^^ derivatives as you know
f om the following Latin words: scando, I climb (root scand,
stem scans), compound with ad and de ; fero, I carry, com
pound with con, de, re, and inter; patria, one's comary ''vo'o I
wish (root .oZ, noun voluntas, mU);junfjo, I join (roJt jrug]
stemjunct), compound with ad, con, and dis. *
8 With each of the following words and phrases make a
Z^Zlf T^^'^'V P^^l^«^'"««^ '^raight and strait; s^ute
and sweet ; tare and tear; to get the upper hand; to hold the
rems ; to wield the power.
» Mate, etc. 2 Forlorn, etc.
THE SPANISH ARMADA.
II
Ala'rum, call to arms. From the
Italian all' arme = to arms !
from Lat. ad arma.'
Bla'zon, the heraldic " fields " or
divisions blazoned on a flag.
Castile', the part of Spain which
occupied the central table-
land of the Peninsula, — here
used for Spain.
Halberdiers', soldiers with ).al-
herds or long battle-axes. Irom
Fr. hallebarde; from O. Ger.
helmbarte. (Helm is a pole or
handle, and barte an axe.)
Her Grace, Queen Elizabeth.
Lil'ies, the blazon of France.
The lily, or fleur-de-lis, was the
emblem of France 'under the
monarchy.
List, care or please.
Sem'per ea'dem, ever the same.
The lion, the English lion on the
flag.
Wards, divisions of a town or
city. The city of London is
divided into wards, each of
which is represented by an
alderman.
1. Attend, all ye who list to hear our noble England's
praisej
"^ v"iivc-i.aiijuus ucuuB snc wiought in
ancient davA.
THE SPANISH ARMADA.
223
When th^t _g,.eat fleet invincible against her bore m
The riche^st Jpoils of Mexico, the stoutest hearts of
- It was about the lovely close of a warm summer
At earlies^ twilight, on t'he waves lie heaving many a
At ™»rise^she escaped their van, by Oo.l's especial
"""' ''' in"chlr^ "" '"*' """"' ""• "'''" "» '•»-
». Forthwith^a guard at every gun was placed along the
The beacon 4^a upon the roof of Edg.cumbeV
Manyalight^fl,,„Vbarkp„touttoprya.o„gthe
"""^ ""mi?: '"'? ""' """"y 'f- '""^ -'and
many a post.
With Lis white hair unbonneted the stout old sheriff
Behind him ma-^ch the halberdie,^, before him sound
the drums ;
His yeomen, round the market-cross, n.ake clear an
ample space,
For there behoves him to set up the standnr^ .. u.,
lirace. * ' ""^
,4"
m
FIFTH READER.
[III
' iilt'
..K(
i. And haughtily the trumpets peal, and gayly dance the
bells,
As sjow upon the laboring wind the royal blazon
swells.
Look how the lion of the sea lifts up his ancient
crown,
And underneath his deadly paw treads the gay lilies
down.
So stalked he when he turned to flight, on that famed
Picard field,"
Bohemia's plume, and Genoa's bow, and Caesar's eagle
shield :
So glarejl he when at Agincourt ^ in wrath he turned
to bay.
And crushed and torn beneath his claws the princely
hunters lay.
Ho! strike the flagstaff deep, Sir Knight; ho! scatter
flowers, fair maids :
Ho! gunners, fire a loud salute: ho! gallants, draw
your blades :
Thou sun, shine on her joyously, — ye breezes, waft
her wide, —
Our glorious "Semper Eadem," the banner of our
pride !
5. The freshening breeze of eve unfurled that banner's
massive fold.
The parting gleam of sunshine kissed that haughty
scroll of gold ;
Night sank upon the dusky beach, and on the purple
sea, —
Such night in England ne'er had been, nor e'er again
shall be !
THE SPANISH ARMADA. 228
Fro,., EJ^ystone. to Bewick' bends, £ro,„ I,y„„. to
That timc^of shunber was as bright and busy as the
For swift to Last and swift to west the ghastly war-
name sj)read ;
High on Sai,,t Micl,ael's Mount ■» it «l,„„e, it shono
on Beachy Head."
«. Far on the deep the Spaniard saw, along eac-1, southern
shn-e,
Cape beyond cape, in en.lless ,-a„.e, tho«e t«inkli„.
Ijonits of fire ; ''
The fisher left l,is skiff to ,-ock on Ta,na,-'s'-'glitteri„„
waves, ° »
The rugged miners poured to war from Mendin's '«
sunless caves.
O'er Longleat's '< t,,«-er«, o'er C,-a„bo„n,e'., - oak», the
fie,y he,-a!d fiew ;
IIo rouse,! tl,e shepl,enls of Stonehengo," the rangers
ot Beaulieu.^' ^
Right 6l,ar,> a,,d ,,„,ck the bells all night rang ont
from Bristol town.
And ere tl,e day three hundred hor«e had met on
<-/lirton down ; ^^
The sentinel on Whitehall gate'* looked forth into
the night,
And saw o'erhanging Kichmond Hill » the streak of
blood-red light.
'. Then bugle's note and cannon's roar the deathlike
Silence broke,
And with one start, and with one cry. the rnval Ht-
woKe. ' ^ J
pij
il
I
226
FIFTH READER.
At once on all her stately gates arose the
tires.
At once the wild nl
spires;
From all the batteries of the T
voice of fear
answerincr
inini clashed from all her reeliiijr
ower ])ealed loud t(
le
And all the thousand masts of Tha
louder chee
mes sent back a
r:
the i-ush of
And from the failhest wards was heard
hurrying feet,
And the broad streams of pikes and flags rushed d
eacl
own
And broader still 1
I roarmg street
the d
As fast from
)ccame the blaze, and louder still
UK
spurrmg in
And eastward straiaht, f
every village round the horse came
G>"^»
warlike ei-rand went
rom wild Blackheath,^! the
And roused in many
squires of Kent
■ni ancient hall the gallant
8. Southward from Surrey's pleasant hills flew those
bright couriers forth ;
Higli on bleak Ilampstead's •^- swarthy moor they
started for the north ;
And on, and on, without a pause, mith-ed they
bounded still,
All night from towei- to tower they sprang, they
sprang from hill to hill :
Till the proud Peak^a mifurled the flag o'er Dai.
win's 2* rocky dales,
Till like volcanoes flared to heaven f he stormy hills
of Wales :
-.**i*5-,.
ISO canio
THE SPANISH ARMADA «,«,
Till twelve fair counties saw the blaze on Malvern's >«
lonely height,
Till streamed in crimson on the win<] the Wrekin's^^
crest of light,
Till broad and fierce the star came forth on Elv'^^"
stately fane,
A^.d tower and hamlet rose in arms o'er all the
boundless plain ;
Till Belvoir'f,» lordly terraces the sign to Lincoln
And Lincohi sped the message on o'er the wide vale
ot I rent ;
Till Ski<Mavv-^ saw the fire that burned on Gaunt's«o
embattled pile,
And the red glare on Skid.Iaw ronsed the lurgherH
oi i^arlisie.^^
NOTES.
1. Aurigny, another name for /tW(r/ip// on^ -.f n ,.,
o. Agmconrt, a village in the north nt p,.a,.„ u .
miles from Hesdin Here Henrv v • , ^"^'^ ^^''"^ '«^«"
the French in 1415. ^ ^' ^^'"'^ ^ ^'^^^ ^'^^^''y ^^^^
6. Eddystone (where there is now a lli?hthn„««> . .
™ckvn theEngUsh Channel, aboutVurtn S^ ' /irt"'
uiuuui oreaKwaier; and - •-= ^ ij-
"f j
228
FIFTH HEADER.
"B 58
A Milford Bay, in Pembrokeshire, in the west of W:U.
Ihese two points represent the extreme east .an wit '
in C^rm'" , '^"'"'''^ ^^""°'' ^ S''^"'^« roek in Mount's Bay
m Cornwall, opposite Marazion. ^'
14. Longleat, in Wlltsliire, tl,e seat of the Mar,,,,], of Bath
o. Cranbourne, an old town i„ Dorsetshire.
16. otonekenfje, the remains of tlie ancieni n..„r,li..„i . i
.> t.e midUle of Salisbury Plain, abouuC ^^l^^l 1^
17. Beauliei (pronounced Zi6/»), a parish at the mouth of
X^r^::^:^ '''''' ^-'" ^^^-^"^-- ^^ was^-rL::
18. Clifton down, a well-known watering-place about a mile
from Bmtol, on the opposite side of the Avon.
na t nf^l'' •'''^.";, """ '''""'""' P^'^*^^ '" Westminster. Only a
pa of ,t ,s s 111 standing. The name is now, howe;er " ven
to tlie seat of the Education Department for G cat Britain
.chmond Hill, a beautiful hill overlooki,^U e ' 1 ;y of
21 r M "\f "'■'■'^' "^""- '^" ""^« ^■'•^•" London. '
in Kern. ' "'"^ ' "''"•■' "^ ^^^'^^«"' "'^-- ^Voolwieh,
dle'L."'™^''''^' ^ '''""^ *" *^^ "^'-^^ ^^ London, in Mid-
23. Peak, the High Peak of Derbyshire.
J4. Darwin, a district in Derbyshire
Heiforf ""'"'' ' ''"'" ^" ^'^ ^^"""^« «f Worcester and
I?* ^v'!"'"/ f f«"^^'-y<^°ni^al mountain in Shropshire.
27. Ely s stately fane, the cathedral of Ely, about sixteen
miles from Cambridge. (Ely is the only city i/ England wl'ieh
IS unrepresented in the House of Commons ) ^
'rtJE SPANISH ARM A DA.
229
memloned are -^re,i«f:"':,°' „'^:«^"''; -All '"" P'»-
England. ' "" '"^'^ prommeut points in
the nm^ix w'X rapwlv it o"?° "°""' ™ «"'»• ""-1 ■•«»■>
second group. Line T Do L, ^ °"''' "'"' "'« '»«' Ave a. a
-erse accent on ,"" ,„d IT "r™,"' ""■ '"'"' f^-' Avoi.l td«
Vkksk 3. _ Line 2T RealtLV f '' T'" """ '»»""^-
Aslishtpauseafter^Jlretdtr/o"'™ ^'"'"'.
v:™/;"",*" ^^''^ -cent ";!:;""""'""""' ■" »■—'■■
verse accent on /."'nfaL:'"^^^^^^^^^^^^ .^'^ ^•- ^void the
ancient crown. Line 5 : Pause 'hn' i'"^' ""^' ^^'-^^^^^ «" to
not accent o„. Line 12- K«LT.. ^ ^ ^"'' ^^"- ^''"^ " •• Do
Verse 5. - Line 3 Pa^se .1' tn ""f '^' ^« «"« ^^'0''d.
after 5.0A n,-^,,,. Line 6 Do nt "^ "'t''" ""^- ^'"^^ 4 .-Pause
^lun^,er. Line 7: Pa use'after C 'S "'? '^"^ ' ^^''^ ^^^^
Vkkse 8. —Line l • p. , ' ""'' ""'' 'O™'-
>lnd, and afterX ' "'""■ """"■ '''»« 8: Pause afk,r
^»^Ta™wThe''::rier:c«ron';^,?™-. ^'"-'2-- P^^^^
"ord is „„e. Li„e 5 : D„ noUce« f ^Z"? .""''i ' "■» emphatic
after^nd. " not accent o/. Line7: Pause sliglitiy
3^p;p;reis?r.xr'°-""-
3. Paraphrase the third and fourth verses.
' «
.ft
■:!■
230
° h
1
;,'i
1
t^
!• '
i
1 !
'i
^ y '
t
1 Hi
ill
;<i
^ 1^1
■nlj
i^fl
M|
|S(
P
' «
..
F/F77/ RE A I) Eli.
GREAT CITIES.
HERLIN.
Aoad'emy, a place for education.
Tlio Akndcmeia was the gar-
den near Athens where Plato
taught.
Ambas'sadors, sec page 200.
Disciis'sion, talk for, against, or
about any ol)ject. From Lat.
ili», apart, and qnatio (f/uitKS7tin),
I shake. Cogna{v», (liscuss, cou-
nts xion.
En'terprise, see page 200.
Eques'trian^ion horsuback. From
Lat. equestnn, relating to
horses ; from cqtius, a horse.
Cognate, equine.
Gymna'sia, in Athens, schools
for wrestling; in (Jermany,
classical schools for the teach-
ing of Latin and Greelf. From
Gr. fftjmnos, naked ; as the
Greek wrestlers, who fought i
stripped. j
Middle Ages, a term variously :
I applied to a period between
1 tlie fifth and the sixteenth
centuries. Jn France it is
generally placed between
Clovis and Louis XL, from
481 to H(il. l„ England, from
40!t to Henry VIL, in 1485. In
general Kuropean history, from
the overtlirow of th.- |{oj«an
Empire in tlio fifth, down to
the Uevival of Learning in ihe
fifteenth century.
Ram'part, a defensive work, as
a wall or embankment (Lat.
re, again, and pnnire, to get
ready.
Thier'garten (teer-), a zottlogical
garden,— an enclosure in which
animals of different couiitries
are kept in confined .sjiaccs
allotted to them.
Unter (a German word, pro-
nounced ooiiter), under; among.
t. Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, stands
upon a little muddy stream called the Spree, which
flows into the Havel, a tributary of the noble Elbe
It IS situated in the middle of a flat sandy plain, dry
dusty and dreary, and so level that drainage is hardly'
possdjle for the city. It was for a long time in che
Middle Ages a mere fishing village on some islands
in the Spree. In 1688, the year of the English
Kevolution, it wag a small town of only 18,000 in-
habitants; at the death cf Frederick the Great, in
178b, the population had increased to 145,000; in
*"^ '"""^--^i jiciii.:y liuil a lliiiiioilj
III;
GRKAT riTIES.^HEnUN. 231
wl'ilc now, ill tlio vear issn ;. i
a 'nillion. .. Tl„. Z,.i ;, n"',."'"" '° """•« l'"'"
■c-flcctcl Vo, a 1 .. 1 ' . 7' ''""''^' '''■"■» "'^- heat
""broken cun.:;:;"; ; r A^-e t"'" ",' "" •■"""'^'
Its streets. IJut i„ .,.;, r f *"'"" ''"»" "!'<'»
climate, the e en ,;',:, "/ ''""' ""^ -" -.1 the
I'ave „,a,le it one o e T Lf 'T';''™'"' "'' '"' ''-I''"
Continent. As the ,en, e ' ''■"'*^'"" ""'■" "^ t''"
"f railway.,, w 1 , . " ' T ■'^■"T' °' " ™"' '"•''»■<"•'<
the eontinent, Be 1 ^^'^'7 <l";ootion ti„.o„..ho„t
streets, forty sqnare, a I'^i ""7. "'■'"' fi™ '"""•■•od
-■•■est and^fin^'ein;: 'if: '''^^-t^- /• TIk.
a "a.ne which mean., r«*,. / },t' f '^;.^--"*«
IS as broad as five o,-,];.,., . '"'"«•«)• J Ins street
aspens, acaeias, an.I nlantah,, "fV "' "'"^''"""s.
of trees run fo,„-„l?~r '''"'■''"'''''«''■•<''>'»
for horsemen, ,;„ troth r '•'•■"■':'""^" """ '"'o
»i.acly walk L fooH„!;:Xt '0,^17" m" •■* T""'
"•agnificent street ,tiM,l l.,T . .,.'""'' *"'«« of this
-Palaees, a uniL^!',^. ;";'''"'-" "' "''^'-^ '''-'.
arts, and the reside, «;'f " ". t'""' "" •''"■■'^'''y «'
f"l foreign states s.ondid.'^i^^'V'? »' '">»-- "
-W to the gay appea'ral ' of t ,t:e: ?V^'
the univers ty, there nre ;„ .i, ". • *' '^««'des
i'in.is, such .[ aLae! lemv of "^ ^' '"^'''""""^ of all
arts, an academy of 1 1^ 1 , T" ""'' ""= «"-
arel,it6etare,,„intarv,er 7"=f ''•'"'""" «'i™ces and or
elementary ;;tra:aTw;:::^!Lr.t'"—^^
"pen to any and to a„ reade.^- A.rki^d:;, "^
n I
m
r
•t
f
'
I;
■fl
■ii
282
FIFTH HEADER.
fill the town, — manufactures, fine arts, political ,1is
cussion; and there in j)er|)etual movement bofj of
mmd and of energicH. Besides the active, bu8y,*stir.
ring population of the city, there is a silent, HkccI
population of statues of military lieroes. The finest
of these u the equestrian statue of Frederick the
Great. For Prussia is essentially a military state
H was founded in war, and it has grown bv war
^nd yet, though at every corner Berlin reminds
Me observer of war and of military glory, the town
has neither rampart nor fortress; it is surrounded
by an ordinary stone wall, for the simple purpose of
collecting ^local taxes on all country produce that is
carried mto the town. b. Near the heart of the town
is the large and attractive i)ark called the Thiero-arten
Its walks are much frequented in the summer evenin-s
by the citizens, who come with their wives and families
to saunter, or to sit in the open air over a cu], of coffee
or an ice, or a glass of cool German beer. Near
the town is also a splendid botanical garden, which
contains more than twenty thousand different kinds
of trees, e. The university is one of the most modern
of t^e great German universities. It was founded in
1810, and now numbers more than three thousand
students. Of these, most are students of law. Berlin
18, m fact, the intellectual capital of Germany. 'J^he
Royal Library contains more than half a million
volumes. Berlin has long been famous for artistic
iron castings; it also manufactures a beautiful variety
of porcelain. Standing almost in the heart of the con-
tinent of Europe, it is evidently destined to grow larger
and larger, -to grow not only with the growth of
Germany, but with the growth of its powerful and
wealthy neighbors.
<iHEAT cmEs-nEnui^.
283
elusive. ^'^^^^ * SifMMAnv of sections 1 to 4, |„.
.ynonyrns for the iuild^l^Tw ^ ^i'^f; r:^/'^'';' ""'' ^"'^
2 Tho northoa-st blasts svveon i,'. f '"''^^' °' extremes.
(5) ])iso„s,ion. roi A„ « , *'' ""^ '""^'"''^y "" the town
(8) /"^'Z/--^^. calf ".or"^'-^''^" .«"*^"«- (7) Zoca/ S'
sclenoos. '*^'''''' <«) ^^«^^<^/am. (10) The mechanical
4. Parse the words fn fi.« t n •
l^o^J* the soil a.ul . "'/^'""'"f ««»^«»-e.' "In spite of
«/ its people have made « 'o ";;;" f'-P'''^^ «"*' Perseverance
the Continent." "^ ^"^ ^''« ^'"^st and largest cities of
fi. Analyze the followin., sentence:-
r'.at.,.rv..th„o,«ao,hor-«tn .
^l-so«rn.ori.slnslH,n.sttlK»,. h
^ A«.l«hn,„e truth his „t .stlkiUM.
gui<e (root airio, sLm i,' / ^'r'n'"''" '■''^'''^'- ''-'>/«' ^
isked: <««»•«».;„„,. ^ disappointed; to hane nu.\. ,.
tence
" Neighbor, near, etc.
* ^'earf, instead, etc,
* Skelter, etc.
€
1*1
234
FIFTH READER,
liUI
II ii il:
i I
III
-■'I
ii! !,!
lit-j^
A VOYAGE HOUND THE WORLD.
Part I.
Appall', to terrify.
Appli'ance, something applied
or added ; here, means- From
the Lat. applicnre, to fold to,
through the Fr. ajiyiifpier.
Bight, a form of the word hn;/ ;
the old guttural apnearing in
the one case as a y, in the other
as a ffh.
Cen'tury, a per'.o<^ of a hundred
years, from T-at. centum, a
hundred. (Compare per cent.)
Col'onize, to ?ettle; from the Lat.
colonm, a settlement. (Tins
word is also found in Coloi/in',
the Roman colony on the
Rhine ; and in Lincoln, the
Roman uolony on the river or
pool )
Compressed', pressed together.
Devel'op, to bring out or unfold.
(The opposite of this word is
envelop.)
Em'blom,a sign, toJten, or symbol.
Ezour'sion, a running out or
" outing " , from the Lat. ex,
out, and ctirro, I run.
Ex'iled, ilriven out of, or ban-
ished; from Lat. e.r?*V, a person
out of his own country.
Expanse'.wide stretch; from Lat.
expando, I stretch out.
Explore', to search ; from tlie
Lat. explorare, to search.
JS*am'ine, a stata of the greatest
scarcity : from the h&t. fames.
hanger.
Fiord', a Norse form of the w<3rd
Jirth, a long arm of the sea.
Gla'cier, a large slow-moving
river of ice; from Lat. glacies,
ice.
Hesper'ides, the name of tha
famous sisters who guarde*.'
the golden apples which Hera
(Juno) received from OS (the
Earth) on her marriage with
Zeus (Jupiter). Tlio garden
which contained the trees lay
north of the Caucasus.
Hur'ricane, a sudden and violent
storm of wiml, Irom the Span-
ish htiracan, a word brought
originally from the natives of
the Antilles.
ImaRina'tion, fancy ; literally,
the ()0wer of making images
(Lat. imagines) in the mind.
Iiaunch, to let go into the sea ;
properly, to thrcnc. From Lat.
iancea, lance ; tarough the Fr.
lancer, to throw.
Lia'nas, binding or climbing vines
making a network among the
tallest trees.
Pacific, peaceful or peacemak-
ing; from Lat. pax { = j)acs),
peace, and facio, I make.
Par'allel, always at exactly the
same distance from
Flague, an epidemic or prevalent
disease ; from 'he Lat. plaga,
a stroke.
teas
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WOULD.
235
Polyne'sia, from Or. polus, many,
and nesos, an island.
Prime'val, original, or existing
at the earliest times ; from Lat.
priram, first, and cevum, an age.
Sub-trop'ical, under or next to
the tropical.
Twi'light, from the English two
and light. (The word two
appears In different forms in
tvA, twai, twain, and ttcen — in
twenfi/.)
VeKeta'tion, growth of plants;
from Lat. regeiare, to grow, to
be lively.
Ver'tical, right overhead; from
Lat. vertex, the top.
Wrest'ed, taken by force. (>
form of the noun irriaf ; thi
continuative verb is wrestle.)
L Let us make a voyage in imagination round the
world. An actual voyage round the world is a very
easy tlimg nowadays. But three centuries ago it was
not an easy thing. Three centuries ago it was full of
dangers, known and unknown, — dangers from hurri-
canes, from ignorance of coast lines, from plague and
famine, and from cruel and savage races of me*^. Ma-
gellan, a Portuguese sailor, born in Oporto in 1470 was
the first man to sail round the world ; and the task took
him three years. 2. He set sail on the 20th of Septem-
ber, I0I9, kept his course to the west, discovered and
sailed through the strait that now bears his name, and
his fleet reached home only on the 6th of September,
1522. He had only five small vessels, — so small that
no one would nowadays think of risking his life in them
or a long voyage. His largest vessel was a miserable
httle ship of 130 tons, and his smallest amounted to
only 60. About half a century later, the great English-
uian. Sir Francis Drake, also sailed round the world;
and his fleet also numbered only five vessels, of from'
15 to 100 tons. The vessels that cross the Atlantic to-
day are from 8,000 to 4,000 tons burden. 3. Macrellan,
as has been said, took three years to sail round the'
w^orld (he himself never reached home, as he fell in a
light with the natives of the Philippine Islands, the
second year of the voyage) ; Sir Francis Drake also
I
.'Alt
l± J
236
FIFTH READER,
if
took three years ; and the last voyage of Captain Cook
(who was killed at the Sandwich Islands in 1779) occu-
pied four full years. Now, the voyage is a mere holiday
excursion ; it can be made, by the aid of steam, witli
ease and comfort, and with every appliance of interest
and amusement. It may almost be made in as many
months as Magellan took years.
4. But we have neither time enough nor mone^
enough to go round the world. We can, however, do
so in imagination; we can do so hylhe help of books of
travel, and we can see with the eyes and hear with the
ears of famous sailors and of daring travellers who have
been exploring the different seas, continents, islands,
and countries of this planet for many hundred years.
5. The sea encircles the land of the world ; and the land
lies in it like a number of islands. The sea has neither
beginning nor end ; and, as the old adventurous sailors
launched their ships upon it, trusting in God and in
their own stout hearts, so let us launch our thoughts
on the boundless ocean, and survey the different coun-
tries that we cross in our imaginary voyage. Let us
suppose ourselves at the North Pole, and let us start
from there.
** Emblem of Eternity,
Unbeginning, endless sea!
Let me launch my soul on thee.
Sail, nor keel, nor helm, nor oar,
Need I, ask I, to explore
Thine expanse from shore to shore.
" Eager fancy, unconfined,
In a voyage of the mind,
Sweeps along thee like the wind.
Where the billows cease to roll,
Round the silence of the poia
Thence set out my venturous soull "
H
n
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. 237
6. And first we come to Greenland,- a land of frost and
snow, o rugged and barren mountains, of a coast line
broken by mnumorable bays, inlets, creeks, bights, and
fiords. Without trees, almost without veg;tat1on, and
with only a few Danes and Esquimaux scattered ;bout
SCENE IN GRKKNLAND.
^LtsVT/""^'- 7'^' interior is one vast glacier,
CTJX"""? '^'^^^^' '^'^'' '' '^'' '^'^'^ -n^ then
bieak oif on the edges of the cliffs and fall into the sea
with a mighty splash and a noise like thunder. 7. If
we bid good by to the southernmost point of Green-
land, which was called by some sailor, who wn« ,rTo^ f.
e last ot it, Cape Farewell, and hold a southwest
see
I
238
FIFTH READER.
t.
A\
course, we shall come to Labrador. This, too, is a
very cold country. The interior is a wilderness of
pine forests ; and the coast is bleak and barren, and
blocked up M^th ice for nine months in the yeai*.
There are fisheries, and there is a great deal of seal-
hunting. 8. Large herds of seal are found on the sheets
of floating field-ice, called ''seal meadows." The ani-
mals are surprised while sleej)ing and knocked on the
head with bludgeons. Labrador is in the same latitude as
England ; yet it has a winter of nine months, the other
seasons being compressed into three. This difference
in climate is due to the fact that the coasts of Labrador
are washed by a cold cui-rent, full of icebergs, froin
Baffin's Bayi while the shores of England are bathed
by the warm waters of the great Gulf Stream from the
sub-tropical climate of the Gulf of Mexico.
"See o'er Greenland, cold and wild,
Rocks of ice eternal piled;
Yet the mother loves her child.
Next, on lonelj' Labrador,
Let nie hear the snow-storm roar,
Blinding, burying all before."
9. Coming farther south, we light upon the Dominion
of Camida, — the name for the chief part of British
North America. It is a splendid country, still con-
taining vast primeval forests, with land as fertile as
any on the globe, and with a dry and healthy climate.
It abounds in mighty lakes and clear rivers, whose
waters teem with salmon and other kinds of fish. The
five great lakes which discharge their waters mto the
St. Lawrence form the largest body of fresh water in
the world, w. Striking southeast, we come to New
England, — which received its name from the English
Puritans who left their country in the seveat^enth
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. 239
century in order to have full possession of their reli
gious liberty. It consists of six States, which are
s '^::^^^:^- -' p-i>-- «^ the
" But a brighter vision breaks
O'er Canadian woods and lakes*
These my spirit soon forsakes.'
Land of exiled Liberty,
Where our fathers once were free
Brave New England, hail to thee I "'
11 Winging our imaginary way stUl farther to the
Thit ir? ^''' '^'' prosperous State of Pennsylvania,
i his State was not wrested from the American Indians
by orce, but was peacefully purchased from them by
Wi ham Penn, a Quaker, who founded and settled the
btate. Penn wanted to call the country, which is now
nearly as large as England, .Vyto,/.,, because it was so
well wooded; but Charles II., when granthig him ^
charter to hold the land. Jocularly insifted orf add"ng
the word P..n to it, and the name re..ains I^ennsI
^'.m^a to this day. i. Still farther and farther south
when the rich clustei. of the West Indian Islar^s
break upon our view! Here is eternal summer; here
the day is flooded with sunlight, and the deep black
wfb ^r > '''"' ^^?""* '"^ '^'^'^^'^ ^'^ brilliant
witn stars ; here are the most delicious fruits in the
world ; here are landscapes with high and rugged moun-
tarns, rapid rivers, graceful cocoa-nut trees, breadths of
sugar-cane and maize; and here are all kmds of spice
plants growing m profusion. ^
** Pennsylvania!— while thy flood
Waters fields uubought with blood
Stand for peace, as thou hast stood
The West Tnrlif^Q t k«i.-.i-i
Like the Hesperides of old, —
Trees of life with fruits of goldl »
I' t : ! I I
Vi
,i
#"■-
II'.
240
FIFTH READER.
H •ii
^4' f
' it
E>
r^
in
13. On to South America, with the largest forests and
the largest river in the world I The northeast trade-
winds, laden with moisture from the North Atlantic,
strike at a right angle on the north coast of this conti-
nent, carry their burden of moisture across hill and
valley, dropping showers as they go, till at last they
give up every particle of rain to the cold, snow-covered
sides of the Andes, and cross that range as a perfectly
dry wind. The southeast trades blow upon the southern
coast of South America, also at a right angle, carry even
more moisture than the northeast trade-winds, and also
penetrate to and cross the Andes, having left behind
them all the moisture they bore away from the broad
Atlnntic. It is the northeast trades that make the
noi-flu'rn tributaries of the Amazon, and the southeast
trades that make the southern tributaries. 14. More
rain falls here than in any other part of the world, and
hence we have the largest river, which flows, almost
parallel with the equator, exactly midway between the
A VorAOE ROUND THE WORLD. ■>i\
two «.t« „f rain-bearing winds. WitI, (I,o h,ri;c..Ht ann.unt
of ram ,„ the worl., an,l with the ,ro,,ieal a„.l verti."!
lieat ot the sun, wo have, as a necessary result, the most
Z'Z^'^T"''^ the most luxuriant vegetation in
the wo.ld. These forests, oallert the Selvasrcover mil
ions of square miles of eountry. u. The highest "
thickest trees, tied together with countless lot l™'
"I uanas and tree-creepers, with a ground-gro^th'of
|M
242
FIFTH READER.
11'.^,
uixlerwood in the upper branches that only fire cok.^
penetrate, contain a population of an infinite niunbe,
of brilliantly colored birds, of monkeys, ai)es, and othei
animals, while the middle air is filled with butterflies,
bats, and winged creatures of all kinds. There is every!
thing here that the world of nature can show to appall
to astonish, and to strike with admiration. So great i»
the power of vegetation that in a few months a stone
house would be covered with a luxuriant overgrowth, or
torn to pieces by the aid of the numberless plants that
would find a lodging-place everywhere in its chinks.
16. The whole continent demands a nobler people ; and
it may be that the Anglo-Saxon race will yet colonize
this, as th^y hrve already colonized the sister continent
of North America.
"South America expands
Mountain forests, river lands,
And a nobler race demands;
And a nobKir race arise,
Stretch their limbs, unclose their eyes,
Claim the earth, and seek the skies."
17. Steering still south in our voyage of thought, im-
agination, and memory, we pass the Falkland Islands
on the left and come to the Straits of Magellan. The
great sailor from whom the straits are named took a
month to go through them; and then he reached a
mighty ocean of unknown extent, sailed north and west
till he came to the Ladrones (or Thieves' Islands, « a
haunt of wiles," because the inhabitants stole from' the
Spanish and Portuguese sailors whenever they had an
opportunity). Thence ae held on his way to the Phil-
ippines, "a haunt of violence," where he lost his Wfe in
a skii-mish with the natives on the 26th of April, 1521.
p
A roYAaE Roimn tite world. 248
"Gliding througii Magellan's straits, -
Where two oceans ope their gates,
wnat a glorious soene awaits!
The immense VnvAiw snliles
Ronml ten thousand little isles,—
Haunts of violence and wile's."
so e.ei since Sydney ,s the next largest town.
20 Let us keep away from the deserts of Siberia an<l
south "^ ZTTT 1 ^--^-hatka, and turu o th
south, — to the lands of the sun.
"North and west, receding far
From the evening's downward star,
iVow I mount Aurora's car.
Pale Siberia's deserts shun
From Kamtscbatka's storm-cliffs run,
bouth, and east, to meet the sun."
But a glance at Siberia need not be forbidden. There the
bng nvers Obi Len.^ and Yenisei flow, through and
but thinly inhabited, intn n f„«„« j ., . . ^ " *^
- These lands, howeve;;areb;;i;7:prea7::rr:
H!
'ifl
244
FIFTH HEADEH.
f
«5l.ant and the trader. The sources of these rirers are
m warm climates, tlieir mouths are within the arctic
circle ; and hence, while the upper parts are still flow-
mcr, the lower parts and the mouths are frozen. Thus
the waters of these rivers cannot reach the sea, hut
overflow thousands upon thousands of square miles of
<and, and turn them into the lar-est and dreariest marsh
ui the whole world. This marsh, which stn^tches also
.nto Europe, is called the TnmJras.
22. Now we are in sight of the islands of Japan.
Ihe word Japan means "land of the risincr sun " so
named by the Chinese, from v\ho8e country it lie's to
tlie east. This empire has lately had an awakening.
The power <of the great feudal princes (or Daimios)
has been broken ; and all authority is now centred
in the Mika<i(). Railways were introduced in 1870-
English is taught in the schools ; the mechanical sciences
are tauglit m government colleges ; and an army and
navy have been formed after the English and French
models. 23. Tokio is the capital, -a veritable human
ant-hill, not much inferior to Londcm in population.
1 here IS one street ten miles long; and some of the
h es of the nobility are said to be large enough to
ho more than 10,000 persons. The town lines t>>e
margin of the bay or inlet of Tokio for a distance of
ten miles, and extends seven miles inland. Earth-
quakes are frequent, and hence the houses are of only
one story; they are built of wood, and thus fires are
not uncommon. 24. To the west and south China lies,
— the land of oddities and contrarieties. Everythinrr
seems to be the exact opposite of what we have in this
country. In China the old men fly kites, and the boys
look on ; people whiten their shoes with chalk, instead
of blacking them; white is the eolor wnrn in m^„««
irers .tre
lie arctic,
still flovv-
ri. Thus
sea, but
miles of
'Ht uiarsli
'hcH also
' Japan,
sun," su
t licis t»>
akenin^.
)ainiio,s)
centred
11 1870;
sciences
my and
French
Iniman
ulation.
of the
)ugh to
nea t!)e
ince of
Earth-
3f only
res a)-e
na lies,
•ything
in this
le boys
n stead
A VOYAGE HOUND THE WORLD. 246
nig; a Chinaman mounts his horse from the riirht.
instead of the left si<le; the ,,lace of honor is the
ett; when he entei-s a roo.n, he takes off, not his hat,
»Mt his shoes; and when he meets a fnen<l he shaken
!.Hn,ls with hiu.self, and works his own hands u], an<J
A VIKW I\ CHINA.
'«Kv" like a pump. Men carry fans, and women
smoke; men wear their hair as long as it will m-ou
women very carefully put theirs up. 25. The spoken
anguage ot Chma is never written, and the written
laugnage is never sj.oken. A Chinese begii.s u- read
a hook from flw. -..».1. „„.3 1- - 1 . -
t>es not rea<i ac'o.ss the
a i)ook fivmi flwi ,..».!. ,.„.3 1- _ i
page, but up and down. The wealthy 'cfasses hive
a
i
'■t
ii
246
WFrff HEADER.
oup made of l„r,lH' nests. VVlieelLunows have sail,.
« s ■,« have „., I<....1«; the ro«. have „o y.Z^
."..1 the workmen n„ ,S„„,h.y. u i« the most ,o„„|„„„
-nime n, the w.„l,l, there being hetween four a, ,1 Hve
!"""«- -mlhons of people m> it. The En,peror'« pa ee
i» .ailed theTra„,|uil I'ahee of Heaven. The Ht eM8
the capital, IVkin (whieh tnean, Mmh ct'rt) C
tie 0,1, e,t names, -"Ba,l S.neli Street," "DoJv. Tail
NOc^t, 'and BO on. Nearly half a n.illion of people i
Canton hve on the river in Iwats. '
THE HKYLAUK.
( Verse printetJ as prose.)
Bird of the wil,len,e.,», blithesome and eumberless
Hweet be thy n.atin o'er n.oorlan.l and lea ! En.S
l-t happmess, blest is thy dwelling-place: O to ab , e
in he desert with thee! Wild- is thy lay ad
o«d, farm the downy eloud; love gives^t ener. y,
love gave ,t birth. Where on thy dewy wiJ^^
where art thou journeying? Thy lay is in heave,;'
■iheen, oermoor and mountain green, o'er the red
streamer that heralds the day, over the cloudlet
dm,, over the rainbow's ri,„, .nusical cherub, soat
B.ng„.g away! Then, when the gloaming con.*
low ".the heather blooms, sweet will thy weleLe and
bed of love be! Emblem of happiness, blest is thy
dwelhng-place! Oto abide in the desert with thee!
James Hogg
247
crfutne ;
THE CASTLE BY TTFE SEA.
(Verse printed aa Prose.)
Ohime, bells ringing in tune,
Rap'ture, pride, i-xoesc ive joy.
Resplen'dent, 8hin»ng brightly.
Weedii, gannentB.
d.«^::.^fr:7el: ^2;r: :z :i ---™tper«on. .
only daughter, and tl.e ca tl wal f • Jr ' " '^" **'"« '^"' ''"'' »^"'
other, In re^ly.) ^ '''' '""** ^^ '^"^ --^a^" i and 2. 4, and 6 by an-
castl 'viv. !" , \^'''' ^ «^^'" that castle, that
w^ts o o r.^n ;""'^ " ^-"'^^--'-^^ -a the
hoar Wnt ' ' " "^""'^ ^^'''"^^ ^^^^^^ thou
n^ai tioin those lotty chainbern the harn n.wl th„
nunstrel's rhyme ? " I « The winds a, d tZ w ves o
sound of wail, and tears came to mine eye." ,
rn 1 V. T:"' '^^" ^" ^^'^ ^"'''•^•ts the kin/and h s
n'd he ' n "^' ''"^ r?^^ ^' ^^^'^ crimsonnn::^les
rantl^fr'^r""^'''*'^^^ Led they not forth in
raptme a beauteous maiden there, -resplendent as
of n^i I J ''"''''"^ I'^''^"*^' ^i^^hout the crown
of pnde; they were moving slow, in weeds of woe^
no maiden wa« by their side ! " '
Uhland (translated by LomjfeUoxo).
on?^^-?'^^.^ -y^««^ 1- I>o not accent hv : l..f....... ..
one .vxu. verse n. Do not accent they. " " "''
^1 J5!
? T
II
248
FIFTH READEB.
V
THE FOUESTS OF THE AMAZON.
AJ'llgator — (called by the Span-
iards el layarto) the great
liza. d ; hence the name.
Den'izan. iuhabitaut.
Intense', very groat. From I^at.
intenilo (intens-um), I stretch.
(The metaphor is taken from
the stretohins of a bow.)
THE FOBESTS OF WE AMAZON. 249
ON.
. From Ijiit.
i), I stretch.
I taken from
Ik bow.)
Intersect', cut their way through.
Iron. J^t, inter, betueen, and
secoisect-um), iiixxi. C.guates,
»vct, aectwH ; insect.
Myr/iads, very lurgo numbers.
Fron. (Jr. mi,rias (-mie,), a ten
thousand.
Prehen'sUe, adapted for seizing
or grasping. Fro,,, ut. nre
hen<h, to seize. Cognates,
"pprchend, compre/ien,/.
Prime'val, see i)age 2;{4
Receas'es, .pots far withd.awn.
l-rom I,at. recedo (rece.mm), J
go l^aek. Cognates, recd^ ; i
accede, aecessiuH. !
I ^<;P'*C«^. belonging to the trop.
I "W a turning. At .he Tropic
••turn"?' ."•' '"" '-^ «'"<1 to
turn back"<,„ ,j,„ ,
stih"" :« ^- ^-ards tb..
t^^Pncorn ho i« s.id to •• u.n,
back" on the L'.d of l^ec!;,:
ber, and to con.o to ib,.
uortli.
Vora'oious. v.ry g..ee.ly. Kron,
Ut. ,,a,v,. I ,,^^„„^. ,.^.^^
(■«<•"). greedy. Cognate, ,/,-
»refou„,] inth..v rv„f". a"" ' '■"" """*^' "'"'l.
America. Ti is . .3i, '"""" ^""•■■' "' '^""'1'
«>=e of PralC' A 1 " '" "''""' •"'■'"■^ ''""^- ""'
-"Mlikc. o„ e, . „t t i""i' "■""' """•^' "' ^'"■"■''
foos, 8t,x.,cl,i„;f ,^ *'- trunks.,,-,,,,,
I
250
FIFTH HEADER.
I
n
lijiii
except by the use of the axe. 3. In fact, the natives of
these regions have no means of moving from place to
place except by the numerous streams which intersect
the plams. In the daytime, especially in the intense
heat of the noontide, deep silence reigns within the for-
est, broken only by the faint humming of insects. The
larger animals seek shelter in the recesses of th(. forest
and the birds hide themselves in clefts or under the
thick foliage of the trees. At night, on the other hand,
the forest is often a scene of the wildest uproar, and re-
sounds with the howling and piping of monkeys, the
shrieking of parrots, and the roaring of carnivorous
animals.
4. The great forests of the Amazon are the home of
innumerable animals, most of which are expert climb-
ers,and spend the greater part of their time amongst
the branches. The commonest creatures are the mon-
keys, of which there are many kinds. They live too-ether
m troor,> m the woods, and make more noise than all the
other animals put together. The curious little spider-
monkeys have very slender bodies, long thin arms and
legs, and long prehensile tails, by means of M^hich these
agile creatures can grasp a branch just as we use our
hands, and swing themselves from brands to branch or
hang head downwards, with the greatest ease. The little
squirrel-hke marmosets have thick bushy tails, and can
climb about only by means of their feet. The most
curious of the monkeys, however, are the howlers
which raise terrific cries in the stillness of the nio-ht
6. One of the most extraordinary anim.n' of the South
American forests is the sloth. Thi. curious beast
has long, rough gray hair, and a round, good-natured
face, and spends its entire life amongst the trees, iinon
tVr leaves of which it feeds. It never comes down upon
SLOTH.
THE FOREHTS OF THE AMAZON. 261
bent that it can walk only
with the greatest difficulty.
(Jp amongst the trees, how-
ever, it is quite at home,
chmbmg about, back down-
wards, suspended from the
branches by means of its
iong, crooked claws. It
even sleeps in this appai--
ently unnatui-al position;
the trees, moreover, are so
close together that, in mov-
ing about, it can easily pass
peace and quietness. Gorgeous b tie Z's fl t . .
tl.o an- and visit tl,e eounMess flowers in seaH> o ,M
honeyed ju.ees; they are with difficulty d i„° isl e
roiu the equally brilliant huniming-bi.'^^ls Xh j ,
like lightning hither and thither
JJZtZ^''""'^ "■"''°"' i'«*"!«'™- The iiaie
hH' wh le ,h" "" '"™'"' "'■ ^""y f'"'-' '""■'•"'^ i»
Uil pulls down the nests of the white ants by meanro^
ts sharp, crooked claws, and devour the deftceless
insects by thousands. In the burning ravs of Z^!:^!
-.> sun countless hiards bask on the heated'bai^ks
"• II
til
.,1
ffv, 4i|
rv
252
FIFTH JiEADER.
wlnle inany-coloml snakes crawl through the herbft^e
oi- he ccnceMkHl in the l.n.i.cho.s; in the nic^ht-tinie tlic'
huge jaguar, or American i.antiier, roams at will throunh
tlie tangled forest. *
rn
III
1 he waters swarm with fishes of strange forms and
colors, and are haunted by nmltitudes of alligators
ihese terrible rq.tiles swim and dive actively, or they
float at the surface of the pools, like so many long, brown
logs of wood. Enjoying the hot sun, they lie for hours
without movmg; but it would fare badly with a.iv
.'"innal or naked Indian who might try to swim across
a river tenanted by these voracious monsters. I„ an
instant the water would be alive with lashin<.- tails and
snapping jhws, and the swimmer would hardlv -scape
with whole limbs, or even with life itself.
E::k«c.sks. - i. Write a Summary of sections 2 to 6, indu-
2. Write a short paper on "The Great Forests of Soul I,
America," from your own suiinnary.
3. Explain tlie following sentences and pluases, and fiive
ynonyrns for the italicized words : (1) i..An-««, UgeUtf^
o esf m rr T [^!^'''^' ^«S^'"«r- i'^) The dense inirneral
loest. (4) 1 he forest IS a scene of the wildest jfproar. (5) Nor
.s the pound without its ileni^ens. (6) The waters are handed
by multitudes of alligators. (7) Vomcious. ^ « "«""««^
4. Parse the words in the following sentence: "The -om-
monest creatures are the monkeys. .: which there are many
kinds, living in troops in the woods." ^
r>. Analyze the following sentence r —
•• That time of year thou uiayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or uoiie. or few do haim
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold
Bare, ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds Bang •'
^6S
e herbjtge,
it-time the
ill through
forms and
alligators
y, or they
iig, brown
for hours
with any
im acroSH
><• In an
liiils an«l
lly escape
to 6, inclu-
of South
and give
egeialion.
i vrimevul
. (5) Nor
e haunted
I'he coin-
are many
KHmeny has been stolen by
the fairies, an.l has been Icept
for seven y.-ars In fairy-la„,|.
^ »'«n "lie comes back, she has
a won,lroMs beauty, an.l has ac-
q.>..cil a nilraonlous |>ower of
mnkiiiK birds ami beasts obedient
to her will.
Bard. poet.
Cowered, bent.
Ecstasy, exceeding, leligl.t ; rap-
ture. '
Ee, Scottish for pj/f, _pl. etn.
Lev'eret, a young hare, v
Throa'tle 30ck, the male thmxh.
»• With distant music,
soft and deep,
They lulled Kilmeny
And when she awakened she lay"alont''''^''
AIJ covered w'th Aowpi-m «« „
Whpn «.... 1 " ^ green-mossed stone.
When seven long years had come and ^^a
H iH'H griei was calm and hope was^dead'"
254
FIFTH READER.
r
I,.!. I,'
!•
it:'
When scarce was remembered Kilmeny's name,^
late, late in the twilight, Kihneny home came
2. And oh ! her beauty was fair to see,
But still and steadfast was her ee !
Such beauty bard may never declare,
For there was no pride nor passioi. there,
.Viid the soft desire of m udej'v' een
h) that mild face could n, ^t r bo seen.
«. Her neck was like the If! / ^\o\^ er,
Aisd her cheek thv moss-r-.se in the shv>w>'f
And her voice like the distant melodye
That Moats alo.)^; the twilight sea.
But she loved to wa'k thr^ lonely gieu,
And kei t afar from < he hauutf? of men,
Her holy hyn)ns u'she-i'd to sing,
To suck the flowers, aiid drink the spring.
«- Bui wherever her peaceful form appeared,
j he wild l>east8 of the hills were cheered ;
The wolf played blithely round the field*
The lordly bison lowed and kneeled;
The dun deer wooed wii h manner bland,
And cowered beneath her lily hand.
e. And when at even the ^voodlan*d8 rung.
When hynms of other worlds she sung
In ecstasy of sweet devotion,
O then the glen was all in motion l"
The wild beasts of the forest came.
Broke from their pens and folds the tame,
And stood around, charmed and amazed ;
Il.ven the dull cattle stood and gazed,
And munnured and looked with anxious pain
^or something the mystery to explain.
5. The buzzard came with the throstle-cock,
SOCIAL ASPECTS OP TmfPERANCE. 255
The blackbird ahm^^ witli the eacjlo flow ;
The Inncl came tri],,.i„. o'er the dew ;
The wolf and the kid their walk be^.an ;
And the lox, and the la.ub, and the K^veret ran ;
And al in a peaceful rin<,. were hurled !
It was hke ^a eve in a sinless world J
James Ilogy,
THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF TEMPERANCE.
Al'oohol, pure spirit, (in its
ordiiiary form, it Is, however,
more or less Impure.) From
Arabic al-kohl, the powder of
antimony, which was used to
blacken the eyelashes. {Al
is the Arabic for the, as in
atroran, algebra, alchemi/,
etc.) ^'
Arrests', seizures by the police.
From O. Pr. arrester} from
Lat. atl, to, and restate, to
stand still. Cognate: Rest
{= the remainder).
Athlet'io, relating to exercise.
Fium Gr. Athletes, a prize-
fighter. Cognate : Athlete,
Oommu'nlty, society founded on
common interests and aims.
From Lat. communis, common.
Cognates : Communion ,• com-
municate; commune.
Isoum'bent, resting on. Prom
Lat. m, upon, andf^m6o(euftj<-
«»»), I lie. Cognates: Incum-
hency; cuUt (the part of the
arm on which we lie).
XllfiAnnA/. vtki^v f»i.AA«. nt »
7 - — .- s---^-.-. j-rvin i^x,
tntendo {intem-um), I stretch.
Cognates: Intensify; intense.
ni'ss.
liU'natio, a person who has lost
his ordinary judgment. From
Lat. luna, the moon. (Such
Jiersons were believed to be
ettected by the various changes
of the moon.) Cognates : Lv,-
nan lunacy; sublunary.
PoBi'tion, place or rank in so.
ciety. Prom Lat. pom (jwsit-
ym), I place. Cognates { De-
ponent; opponent; deposit, depdt
(through Fr.) ; opposite, oppo-
sitiim; repose.
Sphere, circle. Prom Gr. sphaira,
a globe. Cogmies: Spherical;
sphentl.
Stim'ulanta, drugs which do not
produce new strength, but
force persons to expend re-
served strength. From Lat.
stimulus, a goad. Cognates:
Stimulus; stimulate; stimuUu
tion.
Unproductive, without the
power of producing anvthimr
usetui. jfrom Eng. un, not,
and lj)X.pro, forth, and duco^
i
'r
! i|
uni
' 4 ' *
256
FIFrif READER.
T lead. Cognfttos: Produce,
product, tmxttwer, proilurfum.
Vest'ed, place.l in some business
in which it is likely to produce
more. (The uaual form ia
htrf»t,-) From Ut. renth, a
dresB. Cognates : Vest ,- vtshi/
(originally ih<- room where
the priest robed); reMment;
veatwe.
m
a;
I
m
1. rhoro can he no doul)t that Tkmperanoe of evory
kind IS a (hity incutnbont npcn hoth youn^r an.] oh], f,,
every relation and si>here of life. There ou^U to ]>e
temperance in eating and drinking, temperance in
arnuHement and atliletic games, temperance in sleep
work, an<l emotion. There ought also to ]>e temperance
in expression, for temperance tries to get at the truth
in eycrything, and is as careful not to overstate the exact
truth as It 1^ not to understate it; l)ecau8e, if tJie cost
of a piece of land be $500, it is as great a blumler to say
the cost is *5t0 as to say the cost is only Wdi), Exact-
ness of statement is the Jiigh intellectual virtue of per-
fect temperance. 2. It is the duty of all of us, not only
to cultivate exactness of statement and perfect accurac'y
of thought, but also to keep our relations with otlier
people perfectly simple, true, and kindly. No honest
man wishes to ])lame or to be blame<] ; to be dependent
on others, or to be compelled to provide for tlie wants
of Idle and thriftless persons whom he has not seen ; he
desires to be surrounded by a community devoted to
cheerful labor, healthy habits, and kindly social rela-
tions. Work, Jiealth, and social gayetv, — tliese are what
go to make a happy sbciety. 3. Wo man can be liai)pv
through and by himself ; happiness is essentially a social
quality. We are all born into a world of give and take ;
we find here a society which has been built up by the
care and the labor of many generations of kindly an(]
hard-working men and women; and it is our duty to
do nothing that may tend to tear down iho frQ»«^«r^«ir
t. veHth, H
f'eSt; ve.sfif/
)oin whtM-e
; rentment ;
of ovory
<1 <>M, ill
lit to be
•nil 00 in
II sloop,
ipoiaiioo
ho truth
ho exact
the cost
?r to Kay
Exaot-
of ))er-
lot only
ocuracy
h otlior
► honest
)en(lent
B wantf
een ; he
oted to
al rehi-
re what
' hai)i»y
a social
d take ;
by the
lly and
iuty to
»i • T -.-I a.
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF TEMPEUANCE. 257
of thin society, ft takes a long time to build up , it is
easy to destroy. What has taken years to raU may
ue i)ullo<l down iii a single day.
4. Now, we Hnd |)revailing amongst m Imbits of iii-
ernpermure wl.ich are unspeakably injurious, tendin-
o make socal life, not only dimcuH, 1. jt in m, ny el":
mposs.ble. These habit, often settle into a Ll of
"..•Kiness winch nothing can euro, an.I which can end
"" y n. death. But even in ca.,es which have not Zh
a chsastrons termination, they pro,Iuce intense nns J
oi disconjfort to the poor victim hin.self, an,l to all coin
"octed wt Inn.. Loss of health, loss of tin.e, loss rf
i>.ippiness, loss ot fortune and position, loss of life itself
may all bo trace.I directly to these habits. ,. It is'xTv
important, then, for yonng persons, that they should
early become acquainted with the true relation of such
halnts o the society in which they live, that they should
« ey should n,ake up their n.inds to discourage them
bo b „, the„,selves and in others. They must learn a
ear y as they can to look at the soci..' ffects of alcohol
and Its cost both to individuals and I the nation
«. It IS calculated that nearly *750,00,,-,.0 are snent
"pon beer, wine and spirits every year in the irnite,!
K. gdom. If this sum produced food or manufactures
to the s.ame or to a greater amount, there would be no
remark to make. But unfortunately it is the means Z
producing erime and its consequent misery. This crime
S'' ■; "««'f »nP-l"etive ; or, rather, it is negati^ly
productive. It produces prisons, workhouses, fnd asj^
I'-T? '■'^ policemen, .and ot: .■ .ersons, whose
ZX taken up with looking after people who will not
work 111 an honest and ."-fnad" ir-^^ -.-.
7. It is always well to com'e to special facts and fi...
i
,. ■ I
I I
268
hVFTll UEADKH.
a-
1!^
«l.Hl.ly about *L',5,N,,,M„.,,„m i„v,.M,.d h, ,i; , ;, r
L,','!r"T ''"■" ","'i."'">"-"' t" ti"' -.nail..,,, „ ;.;.
■t" vc»U..l eapual. . The grain u«.,l i„ „.,„,„,
one g,«nt Mistillery in Sc«tlm„l araonnl. to
■ DiiUifls a yvnv, l)iit the work tfives erai.iovnH.nt
lo on y ISO men Thc«. Sdftdon i ,» "^"""t""}'''''''!
..,.1 . '*•"'""'""" ''""'wis prO(uce soirilH
> the amount of ,7,SO0,000. But if these seven i
^"..K an,I a half of n,o„ey were s„en, in hnil.lin,, o
agr,eu ture ,„vinu., they woul.l give employ,
nent „ about ir.,0(.0 han.ls, in«te«.l of t.fa n,. ," ' a-
oTtuiL ;tH''"'T- "• ^«"'"' ••-%"• a ..alio,, of ;:;..
co«tan« a hlle nutnn.ent, it eostH from ten to twenty
.mes as mueh a, the san.e amount of nutriment in e
orn, ot I,rea,l. Fron, the point of view of Z "
""■•eover, - wneh U a n>o.,t in.portant one in ,, erow.l"')'
ountry, _ a glass of iN-e, a day means *1 5 a vi.n- -m,!
hereto,-e three glasses daily nieans *,:, v, . h ' i
th,s*45 ayea ■ lai,l by would, with con.poun.l i, ...'•!"
a SIX |,er cent amount in tweaty years ,„ „ ,,|v
gard!",'" " """' ''""'"' '"'"''"'''■ " ''"''" ''»»»'^ 'l
'». Again, from the ,«i„t of view of lualth an,I n„
people .lusrularly Imv^ generally been total abstainers
t.^.n nieohol. The gre.t.st feat in swimtning tlla" . .^
>ild ^as ev, seen « „ when Captain ^\M, m -nn
77 *« Kngii^l. Ch, el ; and he e,npl„yed no ,i
tr. ^r°"' ""' ^^'-->^» American'peCr
waited a thou.u„d miles without 'a.ti-,g a drop J
|.eohol; andAdan- \yle.,,i,heAn.ti ...vp| 1 |,,.Xen
his testimonv tha. In ,•<.,,; .■ .. ' '. "' : *-' ' ™
-^ -4s-..;av .,,. , lii, whiskey
aOCIAf. ASPECTS OF TE.WEKANCE. o^jj
^iTuZ': '' M "f "" ^"''' ""•>■ '""^'"'' '"" »'«" very
wl.o„„.j .,„,,n,u»t l.,,„.„ .„tl,i„k .„„,.. of ,th. tin ,
o ...,r«.Iv..s ,„„„t K..,,, t„ H,i„k „„.ro of «, • e ^
■ our hr.. 1,..,.»' k„.,,„^,-. „„,, ,,., ' ,^,^;"y - ;
» ..nd u,.ng,t ou.«.Ive,, we m««t aNo hel , „ ,
".•....I u,,nsh.. I),„.i„g tiK. course. „f oa,! v.a I „
•''■.■•1«<.1 .m„.,„ul« of persons are ane«,e.l tCr dr
.•.me,,s a,„l for otfcees oominitte.'. n„,l..r i fbt , i
;•■«-"«. ... ISu, this is „„,y,Hm,,. ,...,' VV, I
««-<««,. ,.,„oi, ,„or., a,„1 ,„„„,, ,„„,, ,,,,,,,,1^, ^;^ '"
< t imstry laflu-ted upon a household ..f wife and ehii
•>-..; .t mean, bad food an,l poor elothing „ I ,"
k.i..l. We 8houl,l eortaiuly not be far wro,„. if 1
wei-e ,o say ,l,at eaeh of these arrests bring "to ,!«
its,::;,!!: "'"•' ""'"'''=" •"'"" '"■"-■' -^ "V
13. The test physicians agree in stating that growin,.
-e-^ons are betler in health, stronger in mnscIeteU i"^
» li-id, and rayor in spirits, without theuee of a coho
.l«'..s, than with then,. I„ c.ses of gnat weak e s
they maybe n. ful, under n.edical aduct That is s, t
he,ent (or onrselves. But if we .onsider that tempem ce
-.>-'.«»..,. .oa,ari:!x7:^T:r:;r
one'of'u to"'" ' '""""■'■^' ''"'■ '"^'-g "P"-. every
ourselves and m otiiers. L^t na«i, ^* .,„ _
and let each be the fnV„dly advis;;'of;,:;tL.r"" "'"^
,'i
1',.'?"
260
FIFTH liEADEH,
1^
:|*6
f
ft
eed^^ilgr^r;^^- '''^'' ^ '^^■^^••'--' M.e facta in the p..
suL^;^!' ' *'"'' '"^"'^ "' ''Tcnpevance." from your own
8. Explain il.,. foII<,wlng sentences and ,,hraso« nnH „..
synonym., for the ftalioized word.: (1) 'l%.„Se: N ^f '
o*C(.m6e«/ upon hoth youn^ and ohl. (2) slZeT\VX!f^
thought. (7) Lo.« of inJtlo:" %)'vr^^^^^ "'
;^«.««. (0) Mu..„.ar'vigor. m 1^:!^^^ Zw^Z
4 I ar«e the words In the following sentence: '• They must
lea n as early as f hey can to look at the social effect, of alcohol
and at Its cost hoth to individuals and to the naUot'' '
5. Analyze « he following sentence : -
"Alas ! tbe joy.s that fortune brliign
Are trifling, mid ilecay j
Aiid thoMJ who i)rlz« the trlrtli.K things
Mor« trifling stm than they."
• onipoimi] with con ,!,■ ,., . '"""'""'' «*, stem cem),
.pur ' ' ' "'"' ^'■'■' ""<' •«».• "Imulm, a
• iMmt, etc. . Ala,^, al,mt, altogether, etc. » Erst earh, .u.
Only, alone, alone, etc. s »-/,«/« fc„i/ i. ,fl ' ^> *^
• Kind kina etn ^' '"**'' *««'<*•
• **"•<'• *'<'• » Saw, etc.
Mliai :
Lfl in the pre-
rn your own
-«, and givo
ce is a <Iuty
Hf«!. (8)Kx.
« of iMjrfeet
irfu] Julwr.
(\tTuracy of
^lively pro-
11 ) We are
•>*t duty,
i'liey must
of alcohol,
>ni, or cog-
»y^ hard,
» ever.
! following
)ress (root
Ic, re, and
leni re««),
Hmulus, a
ake a sen-
rebel and
>*' ; (/o to
In.
early, «to
261
THE POVVEU OF SHORT WORDS.
Think not that atrenffth hVs in ♦!,« i •
Lm l^t ,l,is force „f thought .„,) speech bo ,„i„e
Not ,„„,.o strength is it that'the short wor.l !««,•
It «irvc.s of ,„or,. thnn fight or stom, to teH
K..the„uhatfar„.r;,,j::;:ti:~^
Tn ',""".'•"'*-'''. ""'1 dance, an.l clap the han<l
■ '"°"' ""■ '''"^'^^^* "'• «ong, in pro.se or rhyme
■ffer. J: ^. Alexander (1809-1860).
lb
26Ji
FIFTH READER,
WM
m»SMN < IIAI'KU
ROSA BELLE.
But'tress, see page 1.30.
Copse'-wood, or coppice, a grove
of small trees.
Deign, be kiiul enough.
Dirge, funeral fhant.
Feat, deed ; fro»>i the French fait
(which itself conios from "the
lM,.f,u't-}im, a deed).
Inch, an island : imh is used f<.r
island in several Instances in
the mouth of the Forth.
Mail, armor.
Pale, an enclosr 1 space.
Pan'oply, complete suit of armor.
Pin'net, a small spire.
Rtt'vensheuoh, Ravenscrag.
Sao'risty, veniry; a room in a
church where the mrret} gav
nients and vessels are kei>t.
Sea'tnew, the gull.
Wa'ter-Sprite, a fabulous jpirit
of evil. ^
1. O listen, listen, ladies gay !
^ No l.iughty feat of arms I tell ;
Soft is the note, and s.ad the lay, '
That mourns the lovely Rosabelle.
r*4»
kosaAeue.
=. "Moor, mooj. „.e ,,„,.go, ye gaUant cro,,-
Kost thee ,„ Crtstle Rnvo,„l,o„cl.
Nor tem|,t the Mormy Krth ' tol,l„v.
'■"T;:-;:;:t:t';«r'";'^'"'^''''-''^ «•'''-=
W l.o«, ,e,v,„.,s f„re.K,de ,h,u wLek 'u „i„h.
■'■ " '-••'sf .isht the^.iftcl Seer ',ii,, view
w..y.o.,he:c;„.;«:;irrr^-
«"'Ti«not '>ocauso Lonl Limlesay's heir
«»t that my huly „K>tlK.r there ^
^«t.s lonely i„ her castle hall.
"■ " T 'VT ^''^^''"'•'^ *^'^ ""£? ^ the V ride
It ti8 not filled by I^osabelle."
'• ^'7 ^««^'» '-^'I that woary ni..ht
'TwJr^'T ''^''^'^ wasHeeiTto^leam-
r was broader than ti.e watc-h-fire'S,
Ana redder than the bright Il^^ll::^:::
^■Tt glared on R,,,j„,^^^^^^^^^^^
t ruddied all the oop.se-wood glen-
^V:^::i ^-^0<1c.n.,ro.^;ofoalc.
-..., _,« „„j-^ euverned UuH'thoruden.'
263
ill
%^.
Hi
*■ I
264
FIFTH UEADFR,
«>. Seemed all on fire that chapel proud,
Where Roslin's chiefs uncoffined lie,
Each baron, for a sable shroud,
Sheathed in his iron panoply.^
10. Seemed all on fire within, around,
•Deep sacristy and altar's pale ;
Shone every pillar, foliage-bound,^
And glimmered all the dead men's mai/.
11. Blazed battlement and pinnet high.
Blazed every rose-carved l)uttress fair :
So still they blaze, when fate is nigh
The loifdly line of high Saint Clair.
12. There are twenty of Roslin's barons bold
Lie buried within that proud chapelle ;
Each one the holy vault doth hold, -—
But the sea holds lovely Rosabelle I
13. And each Saint Clair was buried there
With candle, with book, and with knell ; »
But the sea-caves rung, and the wild winds sung,
The dirge of lovely Rosabelle.
Sir W. Scott.
NOTES.
1. The Firth of Forth.
2. In Scotland certain persons were supposed to be gifted
with the power of seeing what was about to happen, just as it
would be; tliis power was called second-Hight, and in this in-
stance the Seer had had a vision of a noble lady wrapped in a
wet shroud, or, in other words, drowned.
8. An old castle a few miles south of Edinburgli.
4. A ring was hung so loosely from a bar resting on two up-
right posts that it could be easily broken B:wav Th" ni^vsrs
A BRAVE SAILOR.
265
rode at full speed through the archway thus made, and, us they
went under, aimed at passing their lance-points tlirough the
ring in order to carry it off.
5. There was an old legend, that, when any evil oi death was
about to befall one of the Saint Clairs of Ro«lin, the chapel
always appeared on tire the night before.
6. A lovely glen near lioslin. JOryden is the name of a prop^
erty near Edinburgh.
7. The lords of Roslin were biiried in their coats of mail.
8. The pillars in the chapel at Hoslin are exquisitely carved
with leaves and flowers.
9. The old funeral service of torch or candles, sad sineimr
and tolling bells. ^ **'
ExEKciSKH. — 1. Explain the following phrases: (1) Haughty
feat of arms. (2) Nor tempt the stormy firth. (3) The black-
ening M-ave is edged with white. (4) Whose screams forebode
that wreck Is nigh. {->) The gifted Seer. (6) The ring they
riue. (7) Sh«athed in his iron panoplv. (8) Every pillar
foliage-bound. (») With candle, with book, and with knell. '
2. Parse and analyze stanza 7.
3. Reproduce the substance of "Rosabelle" under the follow-
ing heads: (1) The first speaker's request, witli the reasons
(2) The answer, with the reasons. {;J) Tlie strange appearance
of Roslin Castle. (4) The fate of Rosabelle.
4. Commit this poem to menjory.
A BRAVE SAILOR.
Consterna'tion, greatest alarm.
Distraot'ed, with confused and
troubled tliougiits.
Inter'minable, endleas.
Tattooed', marked hy punctuns
on the gkin, Into which color-
ing matter is rublMvl,
1. In the morning t!,o wind had Inllod a little; but the
sea, having upon it the additional agitation of the whole
night, was infinitely more terrific than it had been on
th<' day before ; the height to which the breakers rose.
.1 1,...!.:
vCf Ojic aaotnc-i) i»vic ui'iu auoiher down,
. «4
p i
'5 I
266
FIFTH READER.
and rolled iu, in interminable liosts, was most ai)-
palling.
In the <liftieulty of hoarinir anything bnt wind and
waves, and in the crowd, and the nnspeakable confusion,
and my first breathless efforts to stand against the
weather, I was so eonfnse.l that I looked out to sea for
the wreck, and saw nothing but the foaming hea.ls of
the great waves, 'j. A half-dressed boatman, standinu^
next nie, pointed with his bare arm (a tattooed arrow on
it |)ointing in the same direction) to the left; and then I
saw it, close in upon us. The lifc-buat had been bravely
manned an hour ago, and could do nothing; and, as no
man would be so de8j)erate as to attempt to wade off
with a rope, and establish communication with the
shore, there was nothing left to try. .i. I now noticed
that some new sensation moved the p pie on the
beach. They jiarted, and Ham came breaking through
them to the front. I ran to him to repeat my ap-
peal for help. But, distracted though I wan by a
sight so new to me and terrible, the determination in
his face, and his look out to sea, awoke me to a knowl-
edge of his danger. I held him back with both arms,
and imploivd the men with whom I had been speaking
not to listen to him, not to do murder, not to let hin^
stir off from the shore.
4. Another cry arose on the beach, and, looking to the
wreck, we saw the <-ruel sail, with blow on blow, beat
off two men on the .leek, and fiy up in triumph
round a third figure left alone ujwn the mast.
Against such asiglit, an<l against such determination as
that of the calmly <lesperate man who was aireadv
accustomed to lead half the j.eople present, I might as
hopefully have entreat<Ml the wind. "Master Davy,"
he said, eheerilv L'rasmuLr me b\ both h-AnAa, uit .„„
A BRAVE SAILOR.
267
time is come, it is come. If it ain't, I '11 bi<]e it. Lord
bless you, aiul bless all ! Mates, inake me ready ! I 'm
ifoing off."
5. I was swept away, but not uukiiidly, to some
distance, where the people around me made me stay,
urging that he was bent on going, with help or witJb
out, and that I should endanger the precautions for his
saffty by troubling those with whom they rested. I
saw hurry on the beach, and men running with ropes,
and penetrating into a circle of figures that hid him
from me. Then I saw him standing alone, in a sea,
man's frock and trousei-s, a rope slung to his wrist,
another round his body, and several of the best men
holding the latter, which \m laid out himself slack upon
the sliore at his feet.
0. The wreck was breaking up. She was parting
amidships, and the life of the solitary man upon th7-
mast hung by a thread. Still he clung to it. Wi^ had
a red cap on, and as the few yielding planks between
him and destruction rolled and bulged he was seen to
wave it. Ham watched the sea, sta?iding alone, with
the silence of suspended breath behind him and the
storm b(!fore, until there wi\s a great retiring wave,
when, with a backward glance at those who held the
rope which was made fjist round his body, he dashe.l
hi, and in a moment was buffeting with the water,
rising with the hills, falling with the valhys, lost
l)eneath the foam, then drawn back figain io land.
7. They hauled in hastily. He was hurt, and the blood
streamed from his face; but hv took no thought of
that. He seemed ImrritHlly to y !vc some directions for
leaving him more free, and was gone as before. And
nov^ he made for the wreck, rising with the hills, falling
^\l\\ the ^aiieys, lopt beneath the rugged foam, bonie in
I
1-
2G8
FIFTH HEADER.
'
towards the shore, borne out towards the sliip, strivSncr
liard mid valiantly. The distance was nothing, but the
power of the sea and wind made the strife deadly
8. At length he neared the wreck. He was so near
that with one more of his vigorous strokes he would be
clinging to it -when a high, green, vast hillside of
water was seen moving shoreward, from beyond the
ship, into which the brave sailor seemed to leap with -i
mighty bound, and the ship itself was gone ! On run-
ning to the spot where they were hauling in, some
eddying fragments were seen in the surf, as if a mere
cask had been broken. 9. Consternation was in every
face. They drew him to my feet — insensible — dead
lie was carried to the nearest house, and I remained
near him, busy, while every means of restoration was
tried ; but he had been beaten to death by the great
wave, and his generous heart wa« stilled forever.
Dickena,
ExEiici^Ea. - 1. Write a short composition on "A Brave
Sailor from the following summary: (1) A ship had been
dashed on the rocks near the shore. (2) Three men were still
alive on her; two were soon knocked overboard by the sails.
(3) A sailor tried to rescue the tliird. (4) He had a rope put
round his waist, and swam in. (6) He was drawn back, with
se zing tbe side of the ship, when a great wavo broke it up.
(7) He was again drawn back — dead.
2. Explain the following phrases «nd sentences: (1) The
breakers rolled in, in interminable hosts. (2) Might as hope^
fully have entreated the wind. (3) I Ml bide it. (4) ConsternT
tlon was in every face.
3.. Parse all the words in the following sentence: (1) The
power of the sea nnd wind made the strife deadly.
4. Analyze the above sentence.
5. Select from section 3 all the words which may be either
nonns or verbs, according to ihe way in which they are used,
8UCII AS »tand^ Doint. arm. s»4?
269
THE FERRY.
(Verse printed as Prose.)
Blend, mingle. | Course, life on earth.
Yore, long time agr
A traveller 18 supponed. 1.. this poen,, u. come to a ferry upon the
Rhine which he had crossed many years bofore with two dear friends
now dead. The ruin, of old castles, and the rocky crags, lit up hy the
even ng sun look down upon the river, and bring to the traveller's mind
a vivid recollection of that former day, -and he gives the ferryman three
times his fee ; for along with him had crossed in the boat the spirits of
his dead friends. ^
1. Many a year is in its grave since I crossed this
restless wave; and the evening, fair as ever, shines
on ruin, rock, and river. 2. Then in this same
boat beside sat two comrades old and tried,—
one with all a father's truth, one with all the fire
of youth. 3. One on earth in silence wrought, and his
grave in silence sought; but the younger, brighter
form iiHssed in battle and in storm. 4. So, whene^-r
I turn my eye back upon the days gone by, saddening
thoughts of friends come o'er me, — friends that closed
their course before me. 5. But what binds us, friend
to friend, but that soul with soul can blend? Soul-
like were those houi-s of yore; let us walk in
soul once more. 6. Take, O boatman, thrice thy
fee, — take, I give it willingly ; for, invisible to thee,
spirits twain have crossed with me.
ludwiy VhlantHUcrmaii).
Cautions. — Verse 1. Line 1 : Avoid the verse accent upon
fn, and read is-ln-its-grave ah one word. Line 2: Avoid also
upon; ma.ke back-u^ - —
4
Hi
I
270
I'llTll HEADER.
GKEAT CITIES.
8T. I'ETKHSUUBO.
J
ii-
Aoou'mulated, beaixd up. From
I.at, ail, lo, uiul cumuli', I
heap. (A kind ot piled-up
elomls are called tumuli.) Ad
becoiiieH av before <•, aa in ac-
lommoilatc, accept, etc.
Ad'miralty, the buildingH con-
taining the offices of those who
have ct)ntrol of the fleet.
Bronze, a coni[H)ui)d metal, not
occurring in nature, con»i8tlug
of copiier and )i gmall i)ortion
of tin, — uHually from six to
twelve per cent.
Oolos'sal, see page 172.
Disas'trous, very unfortunate.
From Or. din, aside, and antron,
a star. In former times it was
thought that the stars con-
trolled the actions of men ; if
an action was entered upoa
when the stars were unfavor-
al)le, a iVmmltr resulted. Of.
ill-Hlarred.
DroBOhky, a Kussian pleasure
■•arriage liaving four wheels.
Edafioes, buildings. From Lat.
mdea, a house, ami fncio, 1
make. Cognates : edify, to
build up in the faith ; edifica-
tion, etc.
Expan'giOQ, swelling out. From
I^at. ex, out, and pando, 1
spread. Cognates : expand,
expanse, expujinive.
Qood-by is a contraction, owing
to rapidity of utterance, of
" Ood be with you ! "
Qrada'tions. steps. From Lat.
yrwim, a step. Hence grad.
uale, (jradual, etc. (Henco
too deijree, from Fr. f%/-^, a
broken-down form of the Lat.
dc and (fradux. A psalm sung
on the steps of the Temple was
called a .Sony of Ikyreea.)
Gran'diose, full of grandeur.
From Lat. ijrandin, great, and
osug, full of. (OauH has become
»n» in English, and is fouml
in such words as plente(nis,/ii-
/MOWS, etc.) (Jognates: Gmnd,
yrandeur.
Inolem'ent, unkind or unmerci-
ful. From Lat. in, not, and
clement, mild. {Un is the
KnylUh negative ; in, the
Latin.)
Insurrections, risings against
authority. From Lat. in,
against, and mryo (surrectum),
I rise. Cognates: Inaurytnt;
nurye,
Inunda'tlon, flood. From Lat.
in, in, and unda, a wave.
IrresiHt'ible, see page 173.
Malachite, a greeu or blue ore of
copper, capable of high polish,
and used in making nmntel-
pieces, vases, etc. It is found
chiefly in the Ural Moun-
tains.
Mon'olith, one-stone. From Or.
wjonoa, alone, and IWtoa, a
stone. Cognates : Monarch,
monogram, numotonoua ; lithog-
raphy.
Mortal'ity, ileath rate. From Lat.
mors, death : mortalig. subject
to death.
OHEAT CITIES.^ ST. PETERSBURG. 271
Mou'Jiks, RiisMiAiiB of the lower
0lU8«.
Feraever'anoe, keeping 8tea<lily
am! closely to u task, rroin
I^t. jter, through or thor-
oughly, and sevirus, strict or
severe.
Rfi'*Iaiin', <all or win back. From
It. rv, back, and ciamo, I call
or cry out.
Tar'tars, a race of people that In-
cludes Turks, Ilungariaim, the
inhabitants of southern Hum-
sia, and all those north of the
Hindoo Koosh Mountains and
In the northern part of the
(Jhinese Empire.
Thermom'eter, see puge 107.
Twi'light, 8.'o page rw.
1. St. IVtersburg is ono of the most rcinarkahlo
Tiiomnm'uts of the determinatioi. aii<l perseverance of
man that the world can show. It stands in a cold and
rmn-en re£r,„„, „pon marshy ground, under an inclement
sky; and it is yearly attacked by the terrible j.owers of
water. The jwsition of the city forms a remarkable
contrast with that of Naples. The one in the far north,
the other in the sunny south ; the one in the neighbor-
hood of the external agencies of frost and water, the
other standing near the internal power of Hie; the for-
rner in the midst of a barren country, the latter in one
of the most fertile regions of Europe, — they form, inter-
nally as well as externally, the most striking contrast.
2. St. Petersburg stands on both banks of the Neva,
and on two islands formed by the river's dividing therJ
into three large branches. It is in the latitude of about
sixty degrees, and is thus about ten degre^^s north of
London. The climate is very hot in summer, and ex-
tremely cold in winter. During midsummer- when
there is but little night -the heat increases, until it
marks more than one hundred degrees in the shade
while in the winter the thermometer has been known
to tall to fifty-four degrees below zero. 3. The moisture
of the warmer months penetrates into the stone and the
seams of the buildiiiLrs! thin moist-irc freezes '^- *'•-.
winter ; so that by the expansion of the ice thus^ foniied
\ >\
s
272
FIFTH READER,
fwer
even tho gtrongest edifices in the city are shatt* ed.
Nothing stands. Ft is a kind of proverb in St. Pet«i-{J
biiix that the city has to be rebuilt every year. 4. " If
St. Petei-sburg were not constantly rebuilt," says the
Mirquis de Custin^ a Fren<». traveller, "it is certain
that in a few years — in le« time, perhaps, than was
needed to redaiin it from the marsh — (lie marsh would
take the place of the city. The Russian workmen pass
their life in repairing in the summer-time what the
winter has destroyed ; nothing can resist the if Htu-nce
of this climate; the buildings, even those which look
oldest, were really rebuilt but yestenlay."
8. The longest day of the year lasts nearly nineteen
hours, and tlie twilight melts into the dawn with undis-
tinguishable gradations. Tlu-re is no real night at this
season. Midnight is but a Sviftened continuation of
•the day; and when the beams of the full moor, mingle
with the lingering daylight, the clear water ol the river,
the lofty palaces, th( gilded domes, and the splendid
granite quays are clothed in a garment of v cird light,
which invests them with a beauty such as is seen in no
other part of the world.
6. The impression produced by th • first view of St.
Petersburg is that of the grandiose and the colossal. In
no capital in Europe are there so many large buildings,
and such long, regularly laid out streets. It has not the
look of a Russian city, — like Moscow or Kiev. It is
rather an architectm-al mixture of all styles, of everv
order, borrowed from every country in Europe at the
most different stages of growth. The buildings, many
of which are profusely gilded externally, glitter in the
sun with an effect surprising to those who view it for
the first time, 7. The contrasts within the city are
liattc ml.
. Petei's-
. 4. " If
says tho
I certain
hail was
»h would
iil'tl pUHS
hftt tho
' Huonce
ich look
lineteen
li undiM-
t at this
itioii of
mingle
le river,
l»lt'ndid
rl light,
n in no
' of St.
isal. In
ildings,
not tiie
It is
■ every
at the
, many
in the
>■ it for
ty are
(JHHA-r 'f TIES. -ST. Pl!TKRSBUR<:. 278
.nodern fomiH, but tl„ ,1,.c«k.„ of the Oriental an.l the
u.ul the Enfihshnmn. 'I .ontrast i„ ,le„Mty of ,„.„u
lau„n ,« also very jova, The north »i.le of th, eitv :•
comparatively e,n|,.y, th. «.,uth »i,le i, n« liv,.|y ,„ lion-
on or lanH n the long, wi,le street, of th.. north
mde,l me,l wth o.ty, lifelo,, ,,al,,„,., a .\u.l ,lro«,.|,kv
may be seen, like a small boat on the hi«i, s..a«, whilv
in .he , ,-tance a|.| an an ,„.,.a,i„nal fo,., ,„,«.,,,,„,,
H Ihe stivets are lo„^., wl.lc, an,l border.,! will, l,7fiv
•".M.i.K». The N-evsU l-r„s,„.kt_a nan,.. „ i.',
".-»"« A^«.« 17, !, „ea,ly three n>il..» |on„, :„„
annit sixty jar.l» A. The nn.nber of aUtants,
ho".l,'l, very gr..a. ;unn„„tlns to over s..ve„ h>n„l,-,.d
";""'""• "* ''"«."'■'■ ''>■ ' "•••"'" "' l-'-<'l'"rti".. to the
< Ment ot jfi-oiniil covered by the city.
». The in,.rease .,f popniation In .St. I'elersbnrK h,-,«
aken p la... with ™, rable rapi.lity, .l,o,.„h no. ..,
fast as that „f .o,„ or l-aris. In ,7.-,.), .here w.. ^
..W «,.v,.ntv.hve Ihonsa. .habitants; h, IW)4, m„
i.<indre,l and ».,v,.nty .h.,nsa..d J an.l in l«oS,|ive hun-
"II, 8 „n.d,.e. tho„Hand are foreignei's. >„. The ai.n.ml
n.o..ality ,s higher than that of any other .own In
Knrope; it reaches the number of f.,rty-fo„r peiNoiis
... eve,.y thousand. One curious feature in this Iimrtal-
.ly IS, that It IS greatest iu the «u.e of ,H>ople from the
age of twenty to twenty-Sve. At that age, one hun-
o.a o^t™"'' ' ' """'^ """"•■'"''' ""*' '' "^ '"'y- »'''•
1.. As has been said, the b,ii|,li„gs of St. Petersburg
are remarkable for their si.e. The Admiralty is th^
ir»S'^<.^ uuiwing, and it alone is nearly half a mile long.
i
I i
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(ANSI and ISO TESf CHART No. 2)
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1.25
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L8
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inc
1653 East Main Street
Rochester, New York 1460°
(716) 482 - 0300- Phone
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r'
I {. if
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i; ■
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V'Hlt
274
FIFTH READER.
mti mi in»-- f • ■|l|~|yi ■g^|
Sut' *'*
ORE A T CITIES. _ sr. PETERSBURG. 275
residence of thp P^o.. f . '^''^' ^ — t'"'
tl>e. lives of ,lo,; n* ,rf ,"*-r" ''""^•' ''"' '' '"«'
St. Isaac is tl e I ^ . ""^'''f , ''" '"'"^' '•'""•"'' "f
■nodel of tl,e areliitoot » k ,h . 1 .;'""' '"" '^^
The exterior i, l,„l , f i • , , """'^'"". "t Komc.
~.";ir; ; : ^irz'ts™ «"■"•■ ■■•■■■
the branches of the Ncvn ! •"'" ■'*'l'"™t<^'' l>v
«o„e, and nin.te,", of t,? *'"'''^""' "' '^'''^^ are of
un!ntere:ti';.:""lta':\'''"?';"^ '^ '""""">""'- "'"l
I7/10 , '"=• 't was toiindef] by Peter tl„. r<„ * •
1703, and proclaimed a, the capiL in 7, t '"
not possess tlu- ancient and varied htto"v of T / """■'
themtenseiy interesting dra.natic storv/f P ^'f""^"V'
never stood sio^es or hep„ ,(, ! T^ ^"''"'- ' '■ '>••'«
from within S Th "„ '"•:'':i'™«'' »■'"' i"«"Tectior,s
Everyfe.yea;\hTs^iferv::;^r,i?r*r^^™-
an inundation. This event „'! / '' ""'^ <""'^<'«
spring. The ice berinr, T- '•'«i'""'"y "ecnrs in
:* re «:r, :r::!!,r^-"."^ *on.dVevai5Xat:
"" —" ^re neaped up. Then the waters
m
II
PI PI
276
J^rPTII READER.
16. In some nart. nf fi Tf'^"?^ '^ ^^^^ consequence.
speed of their hor^P« f^ +1, r'."^;"'^^'^^^' a^^ the utmost
I i I'ucii iiorses, to the Iiiirhor nm-fo r.^? +k .^
The most terrible of thesf. Jnn^ 1 !• ^ ^^''^ *'*'''"•
and in 1824 T^n. 1 "'""^^'''t'O"^ occurred in 1777
. in 15^4. But almost everv ^nrJnn- d i^
wind rn-Avon fi -^ '^l^J'tti?, should a west
JSr"-'- ^'"^ " «">■"■""■ "' P-.^p,„ e to ,0,
2. Write a short paper on "St PetPr<*hnr„>' f
summary. * etersburg from your own
•3. Explain the following sentences nn^i ^1
synonyms for tlie italicized word ml n / ^ '^'''' ^"^ ^''''
■strongest edifices are slmlered b!\t ''"'?^^'''^' ^^^ ^h.
(3) To reclaim it from lel^^r h ^4 T^r -r^^ '' ^'^^ "■^•^•
the dawn with undisUmnH.hnl, ^J ® ^"^^^hght melts into
buildings are;ro;t;ii^l^^^^^^^^^^^^ (f ) Many of the
Petersburg is monotonom. (9)^rhfgr;at SJ, ^ f ^"^ °^ ^'•
«»^rp/M« waters. (lO) Inundation^ (u\ fv. ^f "^'^''g« their
selves to the higher pirts of fheZn ^ ^ ^''^ '^^'"^ "^^"^-
4. Parse all the wonls in tho f^u^ •
position of the city forms a rem.rthr"^''"^"^"= "^he
Naples." ^ ^ remarkable contrast with that of
5. Analyze the following sentence:-
" ^h^r*" Vv!f'' ^'^""' *^«"^»' "^y P^tb WHS rough
The oy w,thin me dallied with disEress ; ^ '
And all misfortunes were but as the stuff
Whence fancy made n.e dreams of happi„eM "
ige into thfe
insequence.
ions are so
eing given,
irt without
the utmost
' the town.
•Gfl in 1777
uld a west
St. Peters-
St niouji^ ,
ral nigfits
faces, and
' direction
hs 6 to 10,
J your ow n
, and give
T. (2)Tli,'
of the ice.
melts into
any of tlie
nual mor-
tory of St.
large their
i^ke them-
e: "The
h that of
THE SUEZ CANAL.
277
(root flu, sten Z fpmir'l rre ; 'T'^' '°"»'-^"^' ' ««-
<i^.co, I lead (root i;,'"terkl.r ^ '"'"' ''*^" ^"^^^^'
8. With each of tlie following word^ pn.i ^j
tence illustrating its proper u^e'eaceandr' "''''' '""
pier; plain and i>/«ne ,• w/eas -mH nlf .^^^'''' ^^''' ^''^
Js: -'""""" ""'"^'^ "- "-"» - each ofrVo„„„,„,
beautiful
wonderful
fearful
fated
destructive
splendid
niarvellous
terrible
destined
disastrous
residence
inagulficent
event
• Chii/, etc.
* Algo, alow, etc.
dwelling
gorgeous
occurrence
- Mo-nth, etc.
* Batch, etc.
/ovely
Strange
atvful
doomed
fatal
home
brilliant
accident
» Dawn, etc.
THE SUEZ CANAL.
Abattoir', slaughter-house. From
Fr. «/>«/^-e, to knock down.
Bazaa?' (a Persian word), an open-
air market for all kinds of
goods.
Caf 6s, coffee-houses.
Concrete', compounded. From
Lat. con, together, and ereseo
(crefum), I grow. Cognate;
Accretion.
I^epres'aion, hollow. From Lat.
fie, down, ami n><<»»^ / .
1 press. Cognates: Press,
' pressure ; impress, e,^>resa, com-
press, etc.
Dimen'sions, measurements.
From I^t. dis, apart, and
metu>r {mmsus), I measure.
Cognates : Mete, metage (the
measurement of coal)
Excavat'ed, dug or hollowed oufr
Fro.n Lat. ex, out, and cava, J
uollow,
Per'tilizing:, making f,.„{tfu<
I'lum Lat. Zero, I bear. Cog-
nate: Fertility.
"i
278
FIFTH HEADER.
lu,
Involv'infl-, requiring. Prom
Lat. involvo, I roll or wrap In.
Cognates: lu.jhuion; revolve;
revolution,
Max'imum (a Latin word), great-
est. The opposite is mmi/nww.
Mole, a largo mass of mas6n.
work, generally for the pur-
pose of a breakwater. From
I^at. mole8, a mass.
Plateau' (a French word), table-
land. From Gr. platys, flat.
Cognates: Plot, plate, pint-
form, platitude.
Quays, wharfs for the loading and
unloading of vessels.
He'cently, lately. From Lat.
recens, fiesh.
Subsid'iary, aiding or assisting.
From Lat. mimilium, help.
Unpre'oedenfed, n ,t known or
experienced before. From
Ki'g. uu, not, and Lat. jn-e,
before, and cedo, I go.
™.d which separate, theltt H CLr ^f
hough so recently forme,], it has a population otvctl
:o.t:;ti'r; *•-?>>"•'"■■ -"ouaLr:,;!^
oibtiucting two piers, or moles, the one a mile •,„,] I
a'f, and the other a mile and a quarter long onnt^of
1 mge b ockB of conereto, or artificill stone. tI e en 'jd
•Ilea, 500 acres m extent, has been dredged to a dent h
»uH,c,ent for large merch.ant-ships. ,. B^ns and aI^
are connected with this harbor and t^ k . '
-nal itself, just 100 miles Ing' For tW fifth!"? T
m ::eL^aSon:fi;:i: : irfe":;::L^Lr r
»..rface, with the same bottom «Stha„<l ,'t-'
Sir^:^::th^f:--:£F=
yards of stone, sand, and'earth have been elTara^"
an .mn,e„se amount of manual labor, aided bTdtlilf
maohmery of unprecedented magnitude and ^
^ot, plate, pint-
e.
r the loading and
essels.
y. From Lat.
"g or assisting.
'idium, help.
. II )t known or
i)efore. From
and Lat. pre,
'o> I go.
of the canal
a strip of
izaleh. Al-
ii of several
basins, and
part very
ed only by
•nile and a
I formed of
le enclosed
to a depth
and docks
begins the
ths of the
'ace of the
feet deep,
the water
'naxinium
has been
lieir slope
ay. 3. To
^00 cubic
ated, and
t^ fudging
I power,
stone.
THE SUEZ CANAL. o.^
has been needed in the work Th« . .
banks a little abovTand bein .?''' "^ '^'^ ^^"P^"^
P^,^^-______^^^^^^^^ the water level is
'" " PJ'otected by rough
stone i)itching, to
I'esist the action of
waves caused by
passing steamers.
4. On leaving Port
Said the '^ canal
passes, by means
of high embank-
ments, through
about thirty miles
of a shallow swamp,
called Lake Men'
zaleh. Then comes
the Kantara cut-
ting, three miles
through hillocks of
sand. This ends
at Lake Ballah, a
kind of salt marsh,
through which the
canal runs about
nine miles, with
side embankments,
^ext to this comes
a portion of pla.
teau, eight miles
long, in some jiarts
of which, near E]
Girsch, the canal
90 feet in hard sand.
MAP 8H0WIXO SUEZ CANAL.
had to be dug to the depth of
an mimei
«b'.
'auor wiiere tlie width of the
280
FIFTH HEADER.
m
W' '
Iff
i
canal is so great. 5. Then we come to the central part
ot the canal, I.ako Teinsah, where, just about fifty
miles from each end, is the new and flourishing town
ot IsmaYha, provided with streets, roads, merchai.tN'
offices, banks, hotels, caf^s, villas, a lloman Catholic
chapel for the French inhabitants, a Mohammedan
mosque for the Egyptian an<l Arab poj,uIation, a thea-
tre, hospital, a railway station, a telegriph station, an
abattoir, a bazaar, and quays and rejwiiring-docks for
shii)ping. This town is one of the most remarkable of
M. de Lesseps's creations.
6. The canal then passes through nhie miles of dry land,
where the Serapeum cutting has called for a vast amount
of excavation. To this succeeds a passage of 23 miles
through the Bitter Lake, which has for ages been a dry
salt depression, but which is now filled with sea-water
from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, the canal
Itself being marked out by lofty and broad embankments.
lo fill up this great depression 10,000,000 cubic yards
of water have been admitted. A further distance of
17 miles, through dry land and shallow dried-up lakes
carries the canal to Suez, involving extensive blasHng
at the Schalufe cutting. At the junction with the Red
Sea, at Suez, all the necessary piers, docks, quays, etc.
have been constructed.
7. A subsidiary work — without which this great shij.
canal could not have been constructed — is the Sweet-
water Canal, which is about forty feet wide by nine
feet deep. It brings the fresh water of the Nile from a
point a little below Cairo to Ismailia and Suez, and by
means of large iron pipes to Port Said. This minor
canal is literally invaluable, since it not only supplies
fresh water for the thousands of men employed in the
works, but is gi-adually fertilizing what was before a
THE SUEZ CANAL.
281
ward^ of $80 000 000 fn ^"'1 ^'"'^' ^^'^ ^««^ "P"
every da^. ^ ''^ '^"^'' ^"^*'^^'" P««« through it
2^ Wrul'fshTrJ'pT^^o^'^^^^^^ j!^^ fi'-^t six paragraphs,
summary. ^^^' °" ^ ''« ^"^z Canal " from your own
«ytS",/^ iS^r^r^ '^"^^ ^''--' -'^ give
j2)Afaxlmumde;tl tlrS^^^^^^^^ ^--% fori,.
tude and power. (4) 'n.stovn P^ unprecedented mayni-
of M. de Lesseps's croatCs r. ^r' ""V'" "^^^' '^markable
«t;/.sW/«.ywork. n InZnJ:^ ^^ salt depression. («) a
what was before a sandy desert ^^ '' ^''''^^'^aliy/e,.,///,,-,,,
S^'S:::^ wJiLr^;" "- f<^'owi„,sentence: «' The grand
for traffic in^Xovcmber 1861)"' "' ^'000,000, Mas opened
Analyze the following sentence:-
"I wis, in all the senate
There was no heart so bold
But sore it ached, and fast it beat.
^Vhen that ill news was told"
frlJ^n^r:;^,- ;rS -i:^ -Jon ^-ow derived
words: populas, jZ^ t "f/.^ ''h • '^"^"""^ ^-^'-
was contracted intoptmiZlTl' i k S"""'*^ />o/'«//c*«.,
'Struct); cava A hoUoi (root cav stern' "l''^ ^''^^^ ^^'•«' ^t^-"
«<«, stem «^«/). foot^a^stem ca.aO; «<o, I stand (root
8. AVith each of the following words «n,i «i
tence illustrating its proper use" ZnTJ 1 P^""^'"' ""^^^ ^ «en-
'•^«« m, and rest upon ' """'''^ '"^^'•' ^^«< /ro/«,
* Wafer, etc.
'^"'•^''' J^ord Marcher, market, etc.
- ^t-Hr//, etc.
* Thorough, etc.
Ml
PJ>' it
m
282
Oordlal'ity, heartinesH,
Bisas^ter, seo page 271.
Eleva'tion of spir'it.'a state of
mind raised above Its ordinary
level. •'
Esplanade', a level place for
walking or dancing on.
Plag'on, a narrow-necked drink-
ing vessel.
Oeneal'ogy of, the tracing of
one's ancestors (here used
metaphorically for deacend-
anta).
FWTH READER.
CONTENTMENT.
Illit'erate, unlettered or without
learning.
Invest' myself with the ohar'-
acter, put uiy«elf in the place
and position of.
Len'til, a plant allied to the pea
aud bean.
Predate, a bishop or archbishop.
Prevailed' upon', succeeded In
persuading.
Sabots' (pronounced «a6a), wooden
shoes.
Tes'timony, mark or sign.
W th,.ow„ awa, the ^.^ZZVll^rTZ
higher, wh?„, oii^/!: al;;;;— idt, '^ ""■"
ho^e Io.t a second shoe, and LT^ffM-^^ [^
foot. I then got out of the chaise in good IrnoT
and seemg a house about a quarter of a ^e toUe ft
Sioi' : tr;\o u ' It \ T f r "- ^
zr:i :* ^"'"' ""<• "•"^•^ »» «>« hou" o'n ; '"de^^
was a i.,tchen garden, of an acre and a half full of everv
t<"..g that could n,ake plent, ■„ a FreLh peasant^
CONTENTMENT,
Bd or without
<h the ohar'-
f iu the place
d to the pea
■ archbishop,
uccccded lu
«6a), wooden
sign.
the post-
postilion
s]>ocket.
lorse our
the shoe
postilion
r in the
1, I sub-
f a mile
he poor
er fore-
iarnest ;
the left
)on the
Lise and
recon-
ihouse,
nearly
le side,
eveiy-
asant'«
of an old, gmy.h,.,i,|,,l m. . ■ , ' ''"'"'^ «'n»i»ted
six sons and s.Cintt 'n d '^1 ' " '"' "'"' "^^ °^
joyou. geneaiog/jr^g™ , ;:j;:;,r"'-:;!,-™»- -' »
sitting down togeti.er to th.i I-, '" """'^^ •••"
I took my l-K-^eTkc a ror,hS"""^r'' ""^ """'• «"
myself with the ehara^t r 1 ",";'^' "'"' '» '"vest
instantly bo„„;ed t" Id mt-Tr ;'^ ^ ' <""""■ ^
the loaf, cut n,yse.f a 1";^ i "td't'f '."f ""
I saw a testimony in evei-v J., „ ,' , f ' ''"^ '»>
welcome, butof a welcomlnr*! u"",'^ "' ••"' ''»'"'«'
not seemed to dolbt " ' -^^t;! ^ l^-^' '^at I had
Nature, what else it was-tr^ ' ^ .~°'" '"" '"''•
sweet? and to what,, It 7^7 ^'^^ ""' "'"'■'el so
I took Of .heiX:rsto d'eSirt^r''
re,r^ms ..pon my palate to this hour " *' *'" ''''™'
JHetahJX^rraS^^^^^^^^^^^
to tie up thefr hah and Z '"'" " '""''' "P"^""™'
wash thL facesI'dXn'^ Sirs.':„t-''T ^'^
m.n>.tes every sou, was re'ady. n:,r'':^re;"lal:
house, to begin. The old
man anri u:„
"iO VViiU
.p^
•2H4
Finn Hb:,ii}ER.
' ■""« "lit lust, il,,,!, |,|,,oi„s; ,ne bet-.j„, ,. „ . ,
"l-n H «.fa of „„f 1 V ,|„. d„„r .'n . ?' *'.''""'"
Iii» 'Hilior v.,,,,, I •„ r h<M,l,| „,„„ h„,, i„
«i.ita.-; a,,,, ! , 1 .,':' '7"" '7'"'"""- "P»" the
fion. ^z::i^:T' "' "'^' •^"™"" ''••-■• «•■■■».
elevation of ,pi,,t \^^C.^Cl^:f' ""
or the effect of »i„„,|„ iollitv 1 Tl , " '^''"''"
a» the dance en,le,l,'tohe^i„;t„ '!',>'"•'"' " """"
way; a,„l that all hi, 11^0^ ^^Jf '';'''"''■''*'''"'
after supper was over „ e,l ° ,,/""'"' " » "'I'',
ai.^ rejoiTe. believing, he ,. id h'.t "/■"'"{ '° ''"'"•<-'
tented n.ind was thc'bes o U,f i ■ ^^ '^ , "" T'"
•••" illiterate peasant could nay "o . . "''r™,"'^
either," said I. '^' "' " 'e^^'ed prelate,
Sterne.
Composition. — Write a ^im,* .♦
from the following summary Ta?'^ ,f ""' Contentment
road in the South TrZle and l/sT " •' '"^'"^ ^'^"^ *"
enters a small farm housramHs i I ^/T " ^'*'"'^- ^^^ ««
supper the whole fan.i ^^"0' an h/', T^f ''• ^- ^"«^
;''em. 4. TheoldmantJllsltmvdJr,^^^^^^^^^^ ^«
lar custom every evenin<r ^'^^vejiei that this is their regu-
W >rr;;;;i:;^;£;:^f ^^^^ That one
reconciled me to the disaster /I hm'' rf'f ^^ ^''*^ ''«»«« «oon
Wherewithal to dress T (4) Tl ere wl! • '' """' '"'"'^^-^
grandchildren. (5) The oil Ln ? . ^"'y*'"' genealogy of
ity. (6) I saw in evi y el ft" ,;'''^^ T '''^''''^^ ^^^dial-
old man had been no „!ea„ ifprinr^ ""^ '''^'^"^«- ^7) The
contented mind is the heTs^ort' fZ^ " ^^^ ^^'^ ^8) A
yf
»n, sat down
I man had in
'»• upon the
'hcd it well
>w and then
hen joining
andthildren
ancc, when,
•In they ail
tinguish an
iH the cause
an, as soon
« I' constant
t« it a rule,
y to dance
1 and con-
eaven that
3d prelate,
Stemc.
A voY,un. HovNn tiik wouuk ,.«.,
2. Pai-se all thi» wonls «n n.-^ / n
' ^"»'yz« t"« above s.-ntencc.
-t 'X/:r,ir',!r 1''"' ^"i"™'-* -*«•■ -"-. <-.
3. Selec from I ^ nr.?, ' " ' '\ '"""' *""•■
yeaii, millennium (a space ,fnMn. ^ ^"'" ''"'"""'' '^•*'
«iv«' in the same way { ,n V L. '"•' •''•'''•^'' '-^"'l <"^'^'->*-
vm, lue Idea of f,o,(.si' and rmc.
If
TENTMENT
ng along a
d- (2) He
• 3. After
-r plays to
tJieir regu-
) That one
liouse soon
furnished
lealogy of
ul cordlal-
(7) The
ir. (8) A
if
A VOYAGE lUJV
Vau
Anni'hilated. utterly destn.ve,!
^><>"i Lat. »„Ai/, nothing.
Bewril/dered, perplexed, m
lost in a wiUJernesn.
Bombard', to throw hombH at
Cai'tiff, rascally. (The wor.l is
really a N. Pr. form of the
word captive. It was applied
to those who gave themselves
up in battle too easily, and
without hard fighting.)
Cur'rants, small dried fruit.
(The word is a corruption of
CoHnth, which orlgiually ex-
ported them.)
iVD TIIK WORLD.
r II.
Cyc'lades. from the (ir. k„k-los, a
circle. (The same word gives
nicle, and eun/rtimf =a circu-
>ar letter.)
Dey a Turkish word which means
J'terally uncle by the mother's
side. Then governor.
Geom'etry, the science of the
relations of space. (Lit-rally
It means earth-meastiring, from
the Gr. ge, the earth, and
metro, I measure.)
Hal/oyon, calm, happy, (m Greek
}1 ^^/^'^^'-^^ being sup.
HI
i;uscu Uiai iiitj n^g
was calm
'-»'■
k
286
J'fFTl/ READER.
when the kingfisher was brood-
Hespe'ria. from the Gr.//..;,err,.,
the evening star. (When Hes-
eros became the morning star
it was called Phospho^-os, the
ght-br,nger. To the Greeks
Italy Itself was ^e«y,en«, be-
cause it lay M-est of them.)
Hi'eroglyphs, see page 181.
Memo'rials. reminders, things to
keep up the /Hmory of
Phoe'nix, a fabulous bird, the only
«ne of its kind ; it lived five
hundred years and then burned
Itself, a young one arising from
the ashes. Hence, the phce-
»ax is often used as a symbol
of immortality.
Piracy, acting a,s a r irate, or sea-
robber.
Plateau', see page 277.
Bealm. the real or royat domain
(/^mnstheN.Fr.of the word
royal or regal,- and it was in
i "'f "^J^ century also an Eng-
lish word.)
Belul/gent, shining. From Lat.
Juff/ere, to shine.
Sier'ra, the Spanish name for a
mountain range. It is a form
of the Latin word mra, a saw
because the jagged edge of a
mountain range looks like a
saw against the blue sky.
Type, kind or model.
Typhoons', terrible storms mov-
ing m a circle, frequent in the
Chinese seas. (Tht „«„,« comes
from Typhon, a giant of an-
cieut Greek fable.)
Yard'-arm, the arm, t.r end of the
yard, which crosses, the masts
at right angles.
oircUd island.) lie in i,',' ; ,, ^'"' 'T ^^'"'•'"'•"^ ("'•
Sea. The seas n I'i ' S^ ^^ ""'"■ "^ *'"' ^g^au
They are but dead seas of man.
^ol the Eastern CycJades,
Phoemx nests, and halcyon seas;
iJut I tarry not with these.
«o„e<,, a„d whiXr ,:r4Ta. e1Ve;t^o,r'T
i-he savage of Australia are tL Weaf ^"pe";':;'-
or royal domain
Fr. of the word
'»• and it was In
"•y also an Eng-
'••g. From Lat.
e,
'iHli name for a
?• It is a form
)rd serra, a saw,
gged edge of a
e looks like a
Wue sky.
el.
le storms mov-
fn-quent in tlie
Jit name comes
«• giant of an-
e.)
1, cr cntl of the
!se& tlje masts
'rju' j)0('t
tlio south
clades (or
he ^geaii
es lie are
'Y are vis-
islands,
iy men-
Holland.
of man
^ VOYAGE ROlUm THE WORLD. 287
J' 1 miigal, and have the two Indian Tr,.i:o
the government of L? , ?*^''"**'*' ^^" ^''^P^'t'-^l of
of ImlL " ?/ ^'''''' ^"^ ^^^^^ «^'«^t of the Vicerov
ot India, 18 often ca led the "Pitv nf P,i ,, ri?^
ceded it in CC ^^ government that pro-
nightingale Li^ W TTh, , L' Tr""^ "' "f' '"«
only oTg t roit'ri^ rr'^"i; ^'"" ^-"-^ ^'">
sweet perfumes are often waftJT.? 1 ! '''"'^'
odo. from "Arabythe bles "lavTbel w' T'
many centuries. ^^^ ^^^"« ^<>r
288
PIFTH READER.
life !
III.' •
,. f! ii
?y t^e Gulf of Persia sail,
Where the true-love nightingale
Woos the rose in every vale.
Though Arabia charge the breeze
With the mcense of her trees,
On we press o'er southern seas.
hoM S' PotT ^r^ " ^"^^^* ^f ^^- -y--^! house.
^^i^2Z±!fr* ^" ^^^^ ^^th three vessels to
TABLE MOUKIAIN, CAP! OP GOOD 1„, PR
e.^plore Southern Africa. H<, came in sight of TM,
t he or 'fe 'il'' '"'' ^"^'"-^'" -""-so.! thetre
K) ine Uijw ot Good Hopt, — a name of better anirurv
Anothor Portugnese, Vn.co de Ga„,n, was the Z ? '
double th,s cape, -a fe.t thac he performed in H97!
VOYAGE ROUNn THE WORLD.
!e
*oyal house-
36 vessels to
of Tabk
'mentoso.
the nr.me
• a"gury.
3 first to
in 1497.
289
Commanding Table Biv .m.i n n,
rugged ..n^Ja'r^!Cl,^r s ""?• ''='"''' ""-'
cloud lies rolled upon "r ", .'"aT^r^l""'
eall such a cloud "the table-cloi, ■• , tr ""^T
northwest, up tlirou..h t\u"Z,l . ; ^"''"'S '" ">e
at St. He enV for ,:l ^''" ^"■™"''' *'-' '«"«''
Napoleon tI ,i , •''""'' ""= ''"»"■' "' «'« i?.-eat
known willow f pop h;« k ? ^ ' ''"'^ ""^^^^ •'^ wet-
back to f;;^^^^^ it --^ brought
ance, m 1840, m the reign of Louis Philippe.
Cape of Storms, tliy spectre 's fled
And the angel Hope, Instead, '
Lights from heaven upon thy head.
Lonely monarch of the wave,
Chosen St. Helena, gave
To resting warrior a grave.
I l^lmost opposite lies the slave-coast of Afrion T ,
hckers m human beino-s ^hJ^fl,. t^ . ^^'^^-
centuries carried on Sl^'vSs JI^'T rT/"'
regards slave-dealing as piracy and .^' '"''
every man of the crw „f T^' ,, ""P'*'" »'"'
at the yard-arm if crtu-edT", ""^^ 1'': '"""«-'
Great Britain keeps a sin 'fle.T f '^ '^" *'''^*'-'
stantly upon this coLt '"' "^ """-°^-^'"- <"""
ci:afti:!'"ihei:\^rGi!:'rr """"^ *: '"^ ^«'« ^^
Ceuta, on the Af dean 1 '""''r """^ "•« mountain of
travels of this 11 XtTT" " ^ '"^"<'™'l ""''■ "-e
that he had p afed nilh , T '""' ™'^'^'' ''<"^«' ="'<!
of the poll whlclCr r r. ■■""''^ "^ ™«»orials
In the'dSanle Lr thl InTwl " i™ J""™^^'"^^-
Atlas Mouutains ™«w-«apped range of the
id
290
..' h
J'l^m llEADEH.
former abode of M„oriJ pi a esTL" ^•'«''""' *"
mg Christians as slues wlf' „ "'« '("•«'=t'«e of l,ol<l.
ws, .>o«tro;;;r;,::':tS:t ,tr-^ ^-^ t-
rr- — ^^ ^ ^ °®^^ and many public
THE Nri.E AND PYBAMID8.
l>iiildings, and forced tlie Dpv ,rf di •
the demands of Britain Tl^i? P"''^ '" ''g'oe »»
of Algeriain 1830, and since t^'!^'' "^^ P'^^^'^ion
gradually risi, , i„' weal h a^,d V" """"*'^ ''«« "^een
farther east ! and we an, roachtl e ''T '" ^''^»' »""
"nd the ancient land Kl a""''"*""''' Nile"
two languages,-:"' ^ritfX tht"™' ^^^' "'"'
spoken by the peonle Th " ■ P"''"*"' *« "tier
J' people, ihe written charaotera (or
mi ' it
one coasts of
^JgitTH, the
Btice of lioJd-
own in 1816
y for seven
Many pubJic
agree to
ossesf^ion
has been
^ast, and
Id Kile"
ypt had
le other
;ers (or
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. 291
WeTi'rphf'""^ '""'""'■''^ "^y «>« P"-'« -re called
Mark the dens Of caitiff Moors:
Ha the pirates seize tlieir oars, -
*iy the desecrated shores!
%ypt's hieroglyphic realm
left to himelf wiTif'"' "'''■'= ^"'t''"' '''ho, whe.,
slave can become ^J'?"' '^'™"''"" ""'' ^'^'^l'""-' »
%ypta.etheX\™ftLX::^L'T%"f"^'' '"
ot the longest river. i„ thewoM It iAtf T""
factor of Ec^vnt On„ „f •. i " '* ""e '™e bene-
year spread o"; le'ac'e of t "i r'"""«»»-very
i-^ing the soil, and eLb "g tlt:^Z X"""'^' 'r""
to be raised whevo ^n,„ • "f '"I""" "<^e'i"d wheat
sand. » tL Cm r'w *'"'^'™"'<' ''« ""'X ''"'Ten
ders of the wc^-lZ Tht ' ""'' ^'^ "'"<"'- «'« '-"''-
lower part 7l eoTm'rv " tT"?,'"' "'? '"" '"^'^ *«
most famouH. TheXS't J/Z, ^ "^"' "" *^
inches high, was the f, , Iht'tf Ph" " "'" '"'' ^
as the Nifelv /yf/'^r™ land-s„rveyi„g ; J,
removed all landVa k ', tL fie Id," and 2; Tt'1'
measured over again. ' '^ '""' '*> ^
.^-.^^ ««vv w iiie nortn, we come to Syria and
'Ml
392
if '^''
1^-
PiFTH READER.
■m
«ie Levant. T],e ancient glories of Tn^nV, ^
Jerusalem is a poor town of '4 OOof l tf '' ^'P*^^^'
whom are MoI.ammedZ ITIk "'^^^^^^^"ts, half of
tians, Greece isrtt^Su.^^ Ttt'^l S^'^^^"
nno, m 1827, when the combined bT L 1^^^""
Russian fleets annihil-itPrl f), "^V "''"' ^^^"^h, and
%ypt, nmteriallThe ed Gro!!;:;?" ?' '''"'"'y ""<»
cn,el yoke of Turkey ,«r ^ " '"'** ^"" ''"'«
awaken the anoi „ L;,. ' ^.V'"' *"''"■'' """this would
^ages and poete » iT f"//"*'^''''' ''""^ '"«'k the old
i^ing power, of Eu>™« V '? """""-y »"« °f *''« «ivil-
trading communTtv ' f : '■" ^'' *'' '^ °"'y » «nall
but Jo thj:^'! ii.rrruruivii'^'^' "^-^-^
Jiidah's cities are forlorn,
Lebanon and Carniel shorn,
^lon trampled down m'UIi scorn
Wee, a wind, is on the ui„ff
land ofi^rit ;^5r.T '" ^n* "' ''" "-y
geographical e.prll '-^''t , Tnlf' ^ "'".""'^ ^
t.vrau„iea. kings, grand-duke and d, k'eaTn if "1 ''^
held then- power by the help of Aus rfa 1° T
hcgmujng of l^'^Q \ro„„i, ' ^"sma. Jim m the
should befreei, -^ri,™ f"\ '^'^-''''^'''^ that Italy
theally of thepLmont J'' " '^' ^'^""'''' ""d, as
18. Venetia was the h^t nn,.f7 T I ^'' *^ ^^^ ^^st.
-ited in 1866, "hen^ 1^0^/^^^^^
When Italy is spoked':/" *'' """"'^ "^^ "^^--y ""^
are departed,
itants, half of
W's and Chris-
^ttle of Nava-
French, and
Turkey and
'•self fro, n the
at this would
Ijack the old
' of the civil-
only a small
ief product ;
the lovely
was only a
8 ruled by
I of whom
3ut in the
that Italy
c; and, as
^h hattlK
> the east,
untry was
ell before
names of
3very one
^ yoVAGE HOUMD THE WORLD. .93
Italy, fhy beauties shroud
Jn a gorgeous evening cloud;
ihyi^fuJgenthead is bowed-
iet where Koman genius reiffns
Ko,nan blood m..,^ vvann tbe^veins-
ThoR . xr ^^"' '''''''''' toyourchans.
I he May of Naples ~ with Moi.nt \t • .
down upon it -is said to bo /h ,'"'"'' '""'^''"•^^
"See Naples, and Z " I tK '^"^'"'^ "^ ^^'^' ^•^»''''-
I '««, ana die, is the country proverb.
horizon. A land of hil It ' «" "f'V""'"' •"' "'«
Bno^-capped .sierras, ^ct^ el; "v^'l ' ''"•" '''='""'
ties, splendid Moorish^uiSr and T'k,™''''^"' '"'^
attracts the traveller as ZTf ? P"'''"' "'"'■''''' ''
its present stranr^nd ZTa J "' P"'' '^'*'»'-y ••"' ^
bids Spain "gr:;" e:!:,^'^^ :;''.':!f, The poet, wh^
wrote when the armies otlCtlt " ^'^^ ^''>^'''
r el,^sr '-_.-. -^^^^^^^^^^^
III
294
/•V/'/V/ UEAbEH.
\% i
jt,
!,'
W
;i.
I .;
1811, and, .stroke foUou-
ing upon stroke, he Ix^jit
back the French across
the Pyrenees and freed
the whole Peninsula.
Feudal reahn of old romance,
Spain, thy lofty front ad-
vance,
Grasp thy shield and couch
thy lance.
At the fire-flash of thine eye
Giant Bigotry shall fly;
At thy voice, Oppression
die.
Lusitania, from the dust,
Shake thy locks; thy cause
is just;
Strike for freedom, strike
and trust;
i;j' '
295
-V>\:
W^
NIGHT.
How beautiful is ni^ht f
\r. rr.' ? r^ f'-eshness fills the silent air •
No mist obscures, nor eln,..7 ? '
«, noi cloud, nor sj)eck, nor stiii.
Breaks the serene of heaven • '
Ro 1st'' ^'P ^'^"^^-- -oonlivine
V '"fV^' dark blue depths
Beneath her steady ray
Tit ,J^^ ^"'"'^ «^r«^e spreads
Like the round ocean, girdled with the sky :
How beautiful is night !
liobert Southey, 1774-1843.
s'.wrsranJd^tincLss"'' ''''"' '^°"^^ '^^ ^^^^ ^^"^ great
Commit this poem to memory.
' 'I? j
296
t'IPTll READER.
[*(
m
THE GENTLEMAN.
sons, or omnion« ^.. . • stivile, either on per-
truth an7 "7 Lee ThT'T; "^^""" "™ '-' "^
benevolence l!r , « "''^ '''"""'•■^ g"od-nat,.re or
the lame plo" driv™ r '"'™ "'"''^ "' ^"■'^''»h'
['aupt,! ujiven by overseopH fi.rw»v, ♦ .
town, even thp rw^«,. • 'veisttis riom town to
feel the nob e "ept" r''^™"' "^ ""•" »- ~.
-ch n.a.etLtt^'ZrL-:;- - » "-"
" Look! he that is most virtuous alway,
Abroad and home, and most intendelh aye
To do the gentle actions that he can,
rake him for the greatest gentleman."
Chaucer.
BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
June 18, 1815.
Assail'ants, persons attacking.
From Low Lat. msalire, for
Lat. assilire, to leap against.
Concen'trated, massed together.
Oon'vex, bulging out, tlie oppo-
site of concave, which means
hoUmp.
Deci'aive, complete, producing
an end. An adjecUve from
decide, which comes from Lat.
decido, decisum, decidere, to
cut olT.
Deploy, to extend in line. From
Fr. deployer, to unfold.
Dispers'in*, routing and scatter-
ing.
Expelled^ driven out. From
Lat. ex, out of, and pello. I
^A TTLE Of WA TEHLOO.
of his own
8 behavior,
ber on j)or-
his fact of
1-natiire or
less
anvlHxlv?
}. the j)oor
f EniriijHli,
town to
1' woman,
and voiu'
iness? to
h a voice
Chaucer.
from Lat.
cidere, to
™e. From
Id.
d scatter-
From
I pello. I
<lriTe. Counecte<l with repef
compel, impel; repuhe, cmnpui-
sum, impulse, etc.
ffarm offices, out-bouH ».
*io'tlon, made-up nu,ry. From
Lat. jim/o, I tmUUm or make
>""», Homething made up. '
Force (in a mllifary senne), take.
* u'Kitivea. runaways. From Ut
fityio. I Hee.
Impetuos'ity, fury. From Lat.
iinpe/us, an attack.
Inoes'sant, never ceasing. From
i-at. in, not, and rc«w, I cease
or stop.
Intrepid'ity, fearlessness. From
J--it. jw, not, an.l trrpi^u.,
fearful. '
Mask (in a military sense), to sur-
rouml and so render useless for
tlie time beinjj.
Op'erate a diver'sion. attack
tlie enemy in a ditrercnt placo
and so f//wnii8 attention. '
Preoip^tate, throw headlong
297
Piwm Ut. ,»^, before, «„,,
'•«/'"/. the head.
Reinforced', strengthened by the
•iddition of.
Hepelled', drove back. From Lat
'•''.back.andyW/o, luriv...
Betrieve'. n.ake up for losses, ,.
» in back.
Sal'lied, rushed forth. From Lat
««/»/«?, to leap. Connected with
assail, unsnllnnt, etc.
Saour'inK, n.aking sure of. From
l^it. xvntrua, free from care.
SeK'ment, a portion (cut off)
From Lat. s,'cn, \ cut.
Spike, to drive a nail into the
touch-hole.
Took the advance', led the way.
Transferred', carried to another
place From Lat. /m«.v, across,
and/cro, I carry.
Vet'erans, old sol.liers. From
Lat. vetm (veterh), old. Hence
also iHvetcrafe.
acton bemn with . , """""' "ml ilwisive
■' oegan with i, cannonade on the mrt „f .i
French, which was instantly followell, , I ',"
commanded by Jeron.e, on the adCld , ' , .^ ,'"■''
mont. The troops of Nass-i,, JJT ' , """■-"•
ronnd the chateau, wle iv ont t h"?.''''',"' "'" "'""'
the ..n.ost effonsW t,:t:;;,:;rwt' :,; ;;:':f,: '"'•
the house, garden and Uv,v. ^a; *'^^\^;"i'^L>'t? to Unva
guards held with ^o 1 d^'n "''""'' " '""''^ "' "•<■'
French redoubled i effonHnd ^ "'■'^:''"'^ '"'"
""'"""■"° **' '"'' P"'"* by the wclMirected'fire"of 'tie
P fl
m
298
PrFTn READEH.
<iefen(lera, to wl„v.' *u.,., „,
'ion. ThL ;;„ If ■ :'■;■;■"'"'"";' '" ---r'liAc.
tl.fiM to f ,k„ ,,o, IJ ,, '"' ''"«"'vei', enabled
Hougom,,,,, /,«, ,. ,i„„ 'rt *"""■«'"' «» to'n.'wk
'*»n«l that niihortant .-•iiri^nn ... I '**"*^'<»»nont,
a- Moaijliriic, the Hrc of • rii*
-- tra„«,Wr«I t. th,; Hri, , , ' ',?""' '*«'"''
«"li til,, most (losiwiato (,J 7 " "'"' "'"<l'-'
upon the fannhoiise of Sm,„ i ■""'',"",»'''« '"'re '".itle
infantry, and a large",.';"; o"^:i -^ '■' f«"V"'"-"« "^
P"''ty aJong the (ienanne nn,ewn '* "'"''-
e...^an.. ed and charge l.^rrEfl-Tr' ""'^ "^■•'-'
and a eo,„bat was m-^Z.l *''"'' ''''■■"'>' ''a™lry ;
t>.e French l^ cTr 1 "b:V o, ':r"''"' ^"""' ''"
wi.ere they were nrote?t„l K ?l •*'"'"' "*" I^^'tio".
four colnnfn, o ^C^ t .,nir ''' ""l'"''^- ^- ''''-
attack, forced thei,- wavfm ' "7 '""''^'"' '" ""' »'"»«
Haye Sainte, a, , dllrl" ' J'7."'''' ""^ ''■"•"' »'' ^^^
in the act « ertabl Lh .^ ,! ■^"''" '"'■'^''""•"t' were
the British nositior «Z '""^^'>«« i" the centre of
brigade of (1,^1^, """-^ ""■'•"■■ '■"tacked by the
>ine by Gener,' Pi^: ' whilf"!;":,/''"'" ''''''""'
atti.e™on.e^;twhort^^rchrdrth;«fr:^
't?r, enabJed
80 to FliaHk
♦^'ith rheir
gilt, which
' was iriiM's.
'ifhiT siih'.
♦'»e iiiitish
'^ugoujoiit,
>}■ Colonel
? bocome
ch attack
vas niaiie
with tho
it're iiiado
>iurmia of
took tlio
Jst intre-
»ey were
cavalry;
'f'iiit, till
position,
4. The
he same
m of La
•t, were
^Mitro of
by the
second
time, a
u their
n flank
iire of
I
BATTLE OF WATERLOO. 299
the musketry. The results were decisiv, Thn 17 u
columns were broken with ^^^^ «»v. The French
eagles, with n o.t liT Lrfh """^T'^ ''^ *^-
captured. The Ut J;; , ^r^'ff' ' 'T"' ,"^'-^
Brussels. "^ ^^ instantly to
«• About this period the French mide tl. ,., i
retained this ,,o,i |V„. s„m/ti, t t '""'■''
driven out .V it by «|,elir s .', / ^' "'''''' "' '»«»
-no „f c.„«i/i^,,K t^ittTir-
genery .ittack of i.\.. . u , "g"^) where a
or Ix'twofn that n,„l .1 ' "'■""''> riffht,
fire of thirty i :,':': ;";.'" ''7'''V'?' ""^ <•"■"'»»<•''
were served, to retreat within !""'"> "'""" "'^y
enemy had no means „lever"f ^„ZT '' '""'
even of spikin.' them on,!. ""-''""« ""' K>'"», nor
the Britii;. :nm:yC:\m7il '"■".';"•"' '""'"•"'
refuge, again man.fed ^h^r "ecerand T f'"" ."'
assailants. The cuirassiers t,' "'"'' "" the
dreadful onset, and roTe 'nnrr """'""^'^ """^
confidence, an .arentlv nf T"^ u''"'"'''' '" '""
impetuosity oft: reLj T.'irBiis."" "^'"'^ '""
unmoved, and never g^e fi e tiU the "'"T '"""^
within ten yards, when fve ' " ot Md "'^'"""'''^ T ">
way, horn, galloped anothe aid he" ' ™""' °'"'
=never i.sttnce driven back "'«'='""«'<■«« were
R..i.^,. .f . . ' "^^! ^^'*:^ ^" the mornmff, put Jn m^*;^^
^'"iviT 3 uivioioii, which •-''^ ^~* L - ^ ■ " '^
Iwd not been en
gaged at Ligny,
h. t
f^
I!
■/,',''
N_,t
300
PIPTH HEADER.
to oomiiriinicate with tho R,i»- i
'diversion on the r 1, flf i f "•''• "'"' 'oolx'.atoa
'«•.. expected by the dI! f '?" ""''P^ »''« ''••"!
battle commenci^l <,,,,! f " "''"'" "'" *™« '"e
'^hioh he <1id by a dis am « "',r *"'' W-oaoh-
tte afternoon. ^ " '"'"'"« <"■<-■ -*■" half.past four i„
8. It was now about six o'cloeir in .i.
*'"ngthis long series of the ,?. , ""' ^^n'ng. •ind
Preneh had gained .'o „eLl """•" ''""^''^ the
the wood aro^md louCo t f?'" "TT"^ '"' " ''""^
e-^P«Ilod, and the fanntrse ^ t" "'""'' ''"'^y had been
had been also n^eovm-d it « v -f ^^"'■"'^' '"^•"^
hand, had suffered ve ;tvJ. y b u", ' ,"" "f "'""
inch of ground save ,lL ,'"'>' »"t had not lost one
thousand „,entrhotr,f-r, ""T '•"^"'"'"'- ^en
of the foreign re^ mew, ,ad c^ ' ™""''"' ' ^""^
had shown the mosT* „el^ T '™-''' "'""Sh others
a'» thinned bol by ^^11 tr^-- ■'^^'' '""^' ""^^
absence of individuafs who S t ,e B'"? ^'Jl ''^^ ">«
purpose of carrying oft tT,!,, "'V"''^' "<■''' '"'■ the
might naturally b^ if .'i:,';"";^"'' ;'"" — of whom
scene. 9. About hnlf T u ^ . '■''"'™ to so fatal a
g.-and diyision : t P,™sK„": "''T'"''' *''<' --"d
communication wi h th^R v ,'T^"'" '° ™ter into
Ohain, while BuTnw ','".'' '"^'' ''y 'he yillage of
tamb;, of the Frr„cS :r' l'""" ^"''P*'"''
valley, called Fischemmut h" /"''"' ^^ ''' ^"""^^ ">'
the Prussians were ToTnt.l ,' "'"' '^'''*^"' that
and with great force ^ , '?"''^ ""'° the battle,
opposing fhem ZTot.T" '"'"' '"" "«" ■"«■■"'« o
tainty,howeyrr rfbe r'",'"-' " ''"*'•*'''«' "t the cer-
by tl^' coS d , f :rB ^v"'™;''^ ™^'""S ""^
celebrated Guard h^ It f ," ''""' ^""''''- His
lad not yet taken any part in the
BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
3 to opei-ate a
the FroiK^h,
fps, who Iiad
the time the
approach —
pnst four in
'Vening, and
attacks, th«;
>g for a time
eyhatlbeen
linte, which
I the other
lot lost one
lined. Ten
'ded ; some
"gh others
I'anks were
"(1 by the
pW for the
e of whom
so fatal a
fie second
L'nter into
village of
Chapelle
lollow, or
lent that
e battle,
means of
the cer-
«ing day
ia. Plis
/ in the
301
to "SLSLt o1 r.^ '™' ^*^-"»' -» "oped
from their poIitC ^^' """^ *'^« "•« B'iti^h
co.it';''::;:;!".':;^;'' ""^^ ''"'■•'' f-™«' - two
command of the dauXs' nIv "^r^'P"* """-^^^ ''"^
their comnianrtei- thit ,hl P • "''"o" "Pon
the right were ;!eat , ! h r^'T' *''"»' "'"y ^'''won
an.we'red with 1^,,;! !. r f '^'^''''r '•^'- '^'"' «''»«1
moved resolutely fonvarrl " '^ " ,"'" '^"'P''™^-' " ""d
of the Oh, o„a^ •; L;r:r ^ 'r •'^"''■'°-
protect the advance of T; ' '',""'' P'"<'P'"'"' »«
change had ta..c„" ll tl:'^, ^. «^«^-'
quence of the repeated rcpnlL of th P ,' '" '""'"•
vancin? by slow ilesrr„j7h ■ I * '"""'^'- "■ Ad-
ning of tl^ «::«?, :;e^:?a:7''"''' V''" •"'^"'■
circle, now resen,blelo„eTl,M„ ^^S^^-t of a convex
right, that had itenhrot T r ■""'''''"'' '''''"''"'
brought forward, so tha :, «' bo h^of a" nl '•""""•
mfantry, fell upo„ the tiauk Tihlv '"'''^ '™''
also to sustain that .It, ^'"""'^'' ^ho ha,l
from the heights ThRtT """"' "" '""^'^ f™"'
four deep, to meet the n,,v ""? """^'"^ '" » '"'<> of
Guard, and p" „p'^^^^^^^^^
which ..over'cea^d T. ' instn^t " Th™ "f,-'""^'"^'-^
>ndependently,asitiscalef , " '"'''""'^ '^""^
discharginghi piece asttT '"',""'" '"""""S «'"1
the l^ftii mo^d f: w fd" s if^To •, "' ^"^"S*"
heads of the columns aid a't the " ''"""<' *''"^
to pour their shot uno.^r ""',«*""' ume continued
gallantly attem^ a l.ov ?' f'"'^- '''"' ^-»*
i ..; Ue disoh^l p.^"';"."^'. *"'■ "I? P^Po^c of return.
m f!
802
FIFTH HEADER,
ordtd'wl: %lf7- y^^' ''"S^^^**^' •--"•« "i.
oraerea, weie Wended into one mass, and at lensrth o-ave
^aveoraeis ioi the retreat; to protetj which he h-.,l
ow no troops left, save the fo„r battalions o the O d
(^uard which had been stationed in the rear of the
attacking cohimns. These threw themXs i,t.!
squares, and #tood (inn 13 Bnt »t , "; *"""^^ '"'"
Diilfo of w„ir . "■ ""t at this moment the
JJ«k of Wellington commiuided the whole British line
to advance, so that, whatever the bravery and sk 1 Inf
hese gallant veterans, they were throw, into diso er
etrt7oTLTV\''- ''"""'' '""'' ■" «P'*' "' '^e
sw! , . ^' ?' *"""« '""' '"« ^""^ killed, fo«..ht
Whilst this decisive movement took place Bulow
qnai,he<i to a«t in force, carried the village of Planche
nois, ,n the French rear, and was now firL so c '"e ot
Mieir right wing that the cannonade annoyed the
British, who were in pursuit, and was suspTded in
consequence. „. Moving in oblique lines the Briti
and Prussian armies came in contact with each other on
the heights so lately occupied by the Frrnch who "
hous; of La B M " '^'n'""""^ ^"'"^'•'"' "«' «' t^e farm-
P™ sians who "'""'"' '* ""^ "S'-^^O "'at the
nn tr»"i; "?'■' ''»"'P'"-»ti™ly fresh, should follow
up the chase, a duty for which the Bri ish, exha^ ted
ii2;^-' "^ '"'''*<'' ^'^o' hours, CeTetr^;
Sir W. Scott.
I?>
riM. ft!
1 fit i
became dis
length gave
t confusion,
fl Napoleon
icli he had
of the Old
rear of the
selves into
loment the
British line
iiid skill of
disorder,
)ite of the
ed, fought,
the battle,
e, Bulow,
at length
Planche-
3 close on
5yed the
•ended in
e British
other on
!h, whose
sion and
the farm-
that the
Id follow
thausted
e totally
^F. Scott.
303
I^^CIDENTS OF THE BATTLE.
Ardor, heat and eagerness. From
l.at. ardlre, to burn.
Bu/«le, originally, fcu^/e.,,^,.„. j,^
the sixteenth century bugle
^Q^nt a young ox. From Lat
»o«, an ox, dim. boviculus,
buculus, Fr. benfjl^r, to bellow.
Dan'ister, bullets, scraps of iron
*J^j;«''«'''«^^ina case; case'
Car'bme. a short, light musket.
funr**^'***^' ^"^^ *' ^^""^^'^
Oonvul'sive, violent and invol-
untary (i. e. without, or against
the will of. the person).
Cuirassier^ see page 135
Exhort'ed. encouraged, urged, or
strongly advised.
Orenadie.r, a tall, strong foot
soWier, formerly armed with
grenades, a kind of bombshell
thrown by the hand.
Hur'ricane, see page 234
Wen'tify, to recognize; here to
unagiuetobeintheplaceof.
^'^om Lat. idem, the s^me,md
fio, 1 become.
Inutil/ity.uselessness. FromUt.
ness.""**' """^ "'"'■'"*• "««^"'-
Invol'untarily, without willing
Momen'tous, highly important.
-Wear, see page 215.
^^'°f°'°«d'. strengthened by the
addition of. ^
Stock, a kind of stiff cravat.
Unanimously, with one ndnd.
From Lat. unus, one, and «,«.
mus, mind.
Unlim'bered, took off or undid
the horses and carriage at-
tached to the gun-carriage, in
readiness for action
VoHeys, shots fired from a num.
ber of guns at once. From
Fr, voUe, a flight.
Vi«'or8,theface-plateofahelmet
perWed to look through;
l^rom Fr. visiere, xrom Lat.
oulere, to see.
War'ranted, authorized or gave
them reasons for doing.
Pon^onby, of Ir'^ttlfth lilt d"^"'""'' *^"''''"*
severely wounded wW ,i.„ 5 P^S""""' ^ho was
longed attacked ttFtnchlnnr '".*"'''•' '"' ''^
the Union Brigade whth " order to bring off
«.i«cent and n,:^:^:,!'^:^^ T^.f^ uf t^"
whom thev respn^^ ori.r„ ^ ^ weltth, like those
French id:^';:':::::^"^::^: "^^r* "><'
others, was8near«^ kT. l™!l_.^?"f '"^y- '^'th many
i - v ^-i"c i^uiisn jancers, and left
)
!f
304
FIFTH READER.
for dead upon the field. The narrativP nf i\.
of an individual with whom we can il^^ '^' ^^f^'
3 "In the struggle I was almost instantly disabled In
1 -^ ^^^'^ men, who wero nrpcr^.fi,, , *
.nd run away, when a lancer, passing by, crieT out
I ou rasca , not dead vet ' ' a.,,) .1 i i • / "''
mvbaelf ivf.,1. j/ """St™* his lance through
mouth a dil^Hr^t^'^P'"''*^ •^'""'J g»^''<«i '-"tomy
nr^t'ii^l'rf ••'*'t?»'5«-it was impossible to meas-
X he on e "":' K^^/f - - '- than ten minutes
threaten ngtriiex'''^:: ^PP" '" l"""1- n>e,
S my ute. 1 directed him to a small side-
of the pangs
tify ourselves
leral descrip-
flis tale may
- war, as well
hat the oper-
three o'clock
It on for five
tnd his men
first encoun-
ve were our-
r about 300
I" relief, the
?avy fire of
led three of
disabled in
1 niy reins;
•esently cut
iven, I was
low from a
nd.
3ok round,
to get up
cried out,
ce through
?d into my
I thought
e to meas-
n minutes
inder me,
fnall side-
INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE 305
pocket, in which he found three dollars all n i ,
hecontmued to threaten, and I a 1 .l , '' """
me. This he did immed,, i , • """'" '"^^■■"•'-■''
'earing open ^^^1^^^!:^^^ -^'^ ^^
uneasy position. "*= '"" '" « ™i-y
"/Cm'ti^rps'r^;;'- 'i ^""V'"'" "" "•""er, Lrino.
'on=,'ed, andhanne-W ; "■"'?'*'^' "'" xkinnisl.o.rl.;
down and addle "me tafn' tT \> ''"">-'
wounded. I said t hntr ^ ' ^ '''"'''''' ' »'■'"» hadly
be -•eraoved to the tt '™!' ■•"'." .•^^f"'--'' " «ish to
orde,^ to re„,oveevrn i,e,- '""' " ^'' '®'"'-^' "'«■•
gained the day rand 1,1 ,""" '"""' ''"' """• if they
lington was ktLd 1 th""''"''^'""'! ""^ »""<« of wl
surrendered), every I'm ' ^ "'"' '''■'"•■'"'"" '''»'■•
shown me. 0. I onXin^rol'",, ' '""^•' ™""'' '«
brandy-bottle to my Hw ,1 ' • *' "'"' ''" '»'''' '"«
to lay me straighT'on'm; ^,e i;"*; "' "'^; '"''''^'^
under my head. He the^Ut'o" f "" " ''"•''''^"'■''
perhaps, to want though 'Tf'"" '."to .action, -soon,
a..ce,land I sha I n fer knowTT' ""^ '"''= ''^-'-
was indebted, as I believe fo,ny Uf. Z ^k"'"'™"-' '
was I cannot say • he wn,„ ^ ''^''^ ™''' he
another akirmistr came ,n f n'^T'- '' ">■•-""' '"^
down and fired over Z^ ' '• ' "^ ""''"•■ "e kneU
and conversij wi , "^ I 'h ^ '"!?';;"■" -">' '""««,
man, with strfnge cooTnlf • ^ "''"'"• ^hc French-
he was 8hootin".^and 1: V"f™r' ^""^""''^ "^ how
the battle. <. Atlastle .1 . off °;"^"'•*'" '"•"^"■''- "'
probably not be sorry tHea^: thar™'"^ '^ '^°""'"
retreat. Good-d.ay, ray friemr r/'" '"'" ^™"- '«
senby adds, " when t„ '• ^' "'='^ dusk," Po„-
each'of th;ra to" dleV ''Z 'ril"^^ P"-'"" "-Iry,
PR^sed
> deep.
t-ime across thp vnii.
/^o la lull trot, lifting me fr
J, aUi
1
■om the ground,
306
FIFTH READER.
aTw'":! Z ''''''' r^'y- The clatter of their
t^J A T apprehensions they excited, n.av be
imagined, but not described ^
th^A- I ."^^' ^"^ "»P''«««itions, the outcries
thed.scharge of m,.skot,-y and ca„„„n, ;e..e all ov r-'
and the groans ot the wounded, all roimd mc beclme
every moment „,ore and more au.lible. I ZJZZ
night would never end. lo. Much about M.it ,t J .
a soldier of tbo 1?„ . . • '""' ''""^ ' *<»"i<l
«■ soiaiei ot the Royals lymg across my lees • he hnrl
probably crawled thither in his agony, andWs' wLm
h.sconv„si.e ,„„.„, ,„ I L^IZu^
wound m side, distressed me greatlv the Ia»t
Kind myself. It was not a dark night, and the Prussian,
were wandering about to plunder, ^i.' Seve . It Sers
ittt' ot^f^h^ JopS e^ ""' "''-' T"^-'
leai'le^'',"'"' f ^'"•' '^^ '"'^ "-" P' "d -d
already; he did not desist, however but Lu.a
about roughly. .. An hour beforSigh iL a m"a
m an Enghsh uniform walking towards me H 17 1
Zr) Z t'*' '""""' """ "=""" -<» looked ilmy
face. I spoke instantly, telling him who I was and
assuring him of a reward if he would remairt me
mLTdit HeT'r *': *"'" Regiment, bufha^i
missed it. He released me from the dying soldier and
being unarmed, took up a sword from the ground and
paced backwards and forwards, keeping g„f -d over me
^ Day broke; and ..t six in the mornhi| some BritTsh
were seen at a distance, and he ran to them 1
messenger being sent off to Harvey, a cart came for
me, I waa placed in it and carried to the village of
atter of their '
3ited, may be
emoved to a
the outcries,
ire all over;
me, became
thouglit the
time I found
egs ; he had
I his weight,
? through a
y, the last
of the same
le Prussians
il stragglers
nother, and
I told him,
mperfectly,
plundered
pulled me
r saw a man
He was, I
ked in my
^ was, and
ain by me.
t, but had
tidier, and
•ound, and
i over me.
ne British
them. A
came for
village of
r^ClDENTS OF THE BATTLE. g^
J«8t carriod out. I ha,l "I ^ 7 '°''''"" ''■■"> been
Weeding." ^ ™""'' '""' ^ «'«« «•"«<! by oxomWv
>" tSlSrr.f'X;.^ t --, at VVateH„„,
•'"y I'e and hi. ."n;,,,^^"™! "'V-"-"- P«.t .,f tl,;
skirmishers in fro, ,,7^' "■'""' '"'''''"i »«
Frenchoavahybe... Li H If '■"'"' '"" »•'"=" "'«
briskly on the low „,.o,„, , ^ ''^'"■'' sk,n„i.shi„g
annoying those of theC' T?" "]"" ^""^ ""d
n'en opposed to „s was"m? « ' f "* ^'■'""''' "A"-
on a sudden they Jrt ei .frTJ ""*" °" '"^"' b"'
and several guns began S *'^' """"'^»'"' bodies,
Our poor fellows dronned'tf' "f "" ™ "'"^ '''"'''^''^
minutes several of 30^?' *"^'' =""J "' about two
'vounded. «. I w« ,L" """•'' <^«™«<J off badly
We stood undc^Il : C.^Crr''^^ "' •""■ -"Panv"^
kft sent to order us in Id Ar T"" ^'"" ""'" "a'-
of the company ; th Ct'^e "^'i '''™^- ■'''^"' " ^^-<i
r^My wonder how one of.I!^ '"""' ? """nded, and I
"-as killed, I shouted 1 !, ,'!'""^- "-^^ o-- bugler
'eft. in order to av d / e IT: "^'^"^ *" "•"- by^the
«• " When I reached rlr ,"■ ^""''•
near them for a mS?''!' f ""!"""' e""M stood
-vas grand beyond all descrirr'?^""' "" ^''"'- ^'
«'ood sent up a bright flame h , """Son'ont and its
-"ke> that overh„fg\tTefd rbt »!1V^ IT'' '-- of
"' ""' "-^^^''-^"^ visible. "Se";;;:::^^!^
')
1?
i"?l
:ij
808
It ''<'!
FIFTH READER.
of long red feathers could be seen • there i
from a sheet of steel showed thnT ,L ' ? """ ""
moving; four hundrJ the cmrassiers were
and dj; h o^ev V We r"" *"" '""'^'''"^ f"^"' «-
indistinguisha j;r iir;s^ T^"^ --
an i'leaof a laboring volea^o - W„ '-"l ^^' '""
cavalry were advancing "1 iis so " "f^ ""'
our eolumns, which were stan.l n!, ? • "' '""'''"■''''
regiment and the TRd f!, ''""'''"« "I' '" square. Ou.
another; to ou rlh! „! l' T' ""^ ^^'' ""'' «9tl'
and on ou lef tl f H^^""'' "'""' ^"^^ 'he Guards;
our division A I entlTr' and German Legion of
I I.ad to step over a bodv n^ r i'-'"™ °* •""■ ^'3""«
ni.ed Harry Befere an 1 '' '."""""^ ''o^^"' ^ ''=»og.
about an hour beC f T'' ;'^""'' S''™''*-'™. who.
laughing, a^r,e!'tth:'cotm:''th'e'r"* ^""' "■"'
my oyes ^ I sighed out • iCr I W , - Thfr*^' '"
a.ry|al.oUpl?e:ordX1r^^^^
Their first cC™ waTm '"•«'■''' '''™^ " "^ ^^O"'-
quickened 2 ftrltinTof .T"''. "^^ '°™ "' ""=?
their heads so hhf ,^rP ""' ''""'^^'^'-^ ''^"t
like visorsind ,h ""f ' "* *'"'"' ''^'"'^ts looked
plume 'thsadd/e "Z "T'' "' ''™- fr"'" the
were within tlirtJ^:;.,f:L: t "1 ""'^ *'" ^''''^
our men opened sul,e:ytpo„ hem S T"' ""''
magical, w. Throu<»h tho o > " "**"'' "as
falli;g,cavalie s ta^Lfrn 7k '™ """''^ '" ^'^""^'^
«prin|; as t ey rec ived ouTb'^r'T* ^'* <'™^»'«"-
rearing in the'ag:rs If" i„\?;„'r:if''""f ^ -"
Of the troopers aismountedr'parofr'sSrnt
ere, gleams as
uirassiers were
h'mg forth fire
shouting were
they gave me
»f infantry and
oved towards
square. Qui
^M and 69th
3 the Guards ;
lan Legion of
5f our square
>wn, I recog-
nadiers, who,
3s with me,
PS started to
fhe tear was
as no longer
enemy's cav-
3ur position,
ed between
n our front,
•on as they
assiers bent
nets looked
r from the
d till thev
given, and
effect was
ee helmets
convulsive
nging and
fid crowds
uadron in
IWWENTS OF THE BATTLE. 809
of these. Tlie main I ^ . '"''' ™"" ''i'l'osed
fact, from ,hi, ti,n, , ''"^7 "»■»• "".icks. 20. I„
charges. There wl , ^ -^ "''"'■' "^"' "Mvaili,,,,
••"■ti'lery wagon gallnt „f """'r''^'; '^' '"'S"' ■•'»
casks of eanricl^s ",r ' ''"'''"'' '"'" '"■ ""-"c
comfortable. " " "'" "'""'■<■• "'"' ">c„ we felt
2'- "Though we coiistantiv heif ,>»•
"I'Ponents, we foui„l „„„.(, '''"" ' « our steel-chid
shot and grape wh .•"'''' "'""'''"^o'ne the round-
terrible effj rt'^d ' , "'" '"? '''"J'^"' "I'on us with
often as the ,;, 1 ied ""'"'• "" ""'•"■'''-•»• ^8
the cavajry d.ash o„"?1h^"''' '" "'"' '"'""'"^ ""-"'d
cessful. Areginent'of .. .^ "■"'''' """'"""'y ""»uc.
'eft and charged .^'eSsl^rr "^'","" "" '" »»■•
other as they p.,ssed us b . ', Y, "'""■"■'' '■"ch
were obliged to -et ;! 1 fter a I •"" '"^^ """'"• """
A body ot Bclgian'av :' ad rrr :r "" *"'"^<'-
pose, but, on passing cu. sou^r L . '•''""■" ''""•-
■''■ O""- noble Halkett rode ou\br f"' '■""•'•
charge at their head: it was o L ut" Thif ■'•''" ' '"
Orange came up and exho,-te,l i . . '""''« »'
but in vain. They hesitated ti TV" "l ""•"' '^'"^•
through theu,, when thTtl i ^l I'T '''? ^""-^-J
»way with the rapidity that fear i '■""' ^"""P'^''
passed the ri^ht hL J ""spires. As they
their cowarronduet:;,'^'""'/'' ""'"' """««« by
and fired a .oll^ZtTr ''''''' ''^''''^^^^^^^^
«lispos':roVa"„ral%r'Z7!';« "^ «'" "•- nearly
' " ' """ "^«^overea the inutility
810
FIFTH READER.
*
i!
" '
of their charges, they commenced annovine U8 bv »
«pn-,ted and well-directed carbine fire. Zm. we ter«
t a^ the eol,.,„n,,on our ri^ht and left, bnt I imagine
of the ar„,y wore »i„,il„,|y »it„ate.l. All°le
h n . • f , , I""'*'''-''! «»•"'« «>tillery tiottin- „„ our
Vffil . ■ ''"'"y mentioned this to u l,r ,tl er
oftcer when two gun. unlimbered within seventy ,
me 'into ; 7 '''1 "'1 '"«"'"■•«« "' g™l'^'. >'■"- vo,
men into the centre of our square. Our men im>„„
d,atd.v reloaded, and kept up alonstant ^d Sr Ze"
after e e ^ Zw 'Vw ,""■ 'f T «" "" ""^ ^»P
moment ITn-*'l" . ' '"""'' <^'8t>-essed at this
m .^, "'r""g«"l<^'-«<» "Pthreeof my company thev
had h.ard y taken their station when two of 'them ML
hornb ly lacerated. One of them looked up in my e
and uttered a sort of re,,roaehf„I groan, and I iuvo n
anly exclanned, 'I couldn't help if We wo Z"
v.llmgly have chained these guns, b.'t, had we den „7ed
work oTuI *""' '""'"^' """" "°"'^' "-- ■»'«'« «i^ort
naa ceased , it was now to be seen which side had most
rea^mett e and steadiness, and would hold out th ongls
rS;.e of ""' P'^'-«°"i«''<l- As he crossed the
rear face of our square, a shell fell amongst our grenv
diers, and hechecked his horse to see its ffleet W
men were blown to pieces by the explosion, and he
merely stirred the rein of his charger^ appa'rentfy a
«. No leader ever possessed so fully the confidence of
^g US by a
lile we were
> see farther
^ I imagine
. All the
24^ About
ing up our
> the Inipe-
y a bi-Hher
t?nty paces
^lew iieven
len iriiTne-
lestructive
»P the gap
Bd at this
>any, they
them fell
n my facie
f involun-
^e AvouM
deployed,
ide short
ito action
had most
? longest.
)mentou8
:)88ed the
ir grena-
. Some
and he
ently as
danger,
ience of
mcWEyr, o,- THE BATTLE. gll
through the column am ,.V n "'"'• """ ^^^
i'- Ab he came nearTj htl T ''"''"'"' '^''"' '^'""n
;o<'e out to him and l^s ';!,'' ""^ 7''»''"S. "«'kett
« G,.ace to afford usTm ^l' X-f /.'''te, "^SS-g
Halkett,' said ho. Our™no,T '• ,''/ ""Possible,
-y -iopend on the bH;al"rI 'X'"' '" '"' "''' ^O"
(1 ) We cZZenUUoun^'^l' '°!!'"""« P"""^' «ncl .sentence. •
'''■ployed, the cavalrvXf n T'" "" '"livWual. (21 hS * '
work o, us. ,3) S^ , ,l"t°,t :';? ^'""' "»- ""-"^hort'
our battalion, had surrende ed tf T?' ^f'""' '*> Some of
m H^ 7. '''»■ '•" They exd edTrHht'''' """'Sener-
7 He and hi, company were throm, ^ . W^honsion,.
(8) They were reinforced bv t,™ °""'^ »» skirmisher,
:{-i°aT,t»-ds'S=^^
nouns :r:d'erivrr;,^tf It'""" "'■'=- '-« 'o"owlng
■^"'".tonce, distance, re"!nm,^ ?^' """'"''"■ P""!"", cT.
■'■ ^""e carefully the endinss of .h„ , n ■
Kr„r ,r^- coTir^'
Appearance tti^ "^"^^ Suspense
I
■i
812
w. '
'■mi<
FIFTH REAVFR.
ABCTIC COSTOMEa.
A WINTER DAY IN THE ARCTIC JiEGION8.
Despatch', message.
Duloin'ea, a sweetheart.
Face'tious, funny, witty.
Ploe, a field of floating ice.
Huxn'mook, a little irregular-
shaped hill.
Incred'ible, not to be believed.
Inev'itable. not to be escaped.
Monot'ony, see page 185.
P. M., afternoon. ha.i.po8t, after,
and n}^ridie8, uoon.
ilrT'tiii I
IEG10N8.
be believed,
be escaped.
?e 185.
iat.ji;o«/, after,
>n.
A DAY IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS. 813
Tem'perament, dlipo»uioii. na.
ture. '
Tem'perature. degree of heat
"r «'<»[(|.
Unacoount'able, not to be ex-
iuaitie<l,
fen'tllator a o„ntrlva„co for
Ifttiugom Uulair,u„notri..^
'n'reth (from the Lat.r.«/u*.
tlm wind).
Vlew-halloo'. -.y t,. „„eourag,.
""• •""""l« when a fox broalt.
away.
Voluntary, acting fr„n. one',
own free will.
»'"f' -eternal air .:» ■;,'': .^^'^''-J' 7"""'- '>.v
"fn.fiillv 8fcim.,l ""Muiloas iin.l.T n,iilr.,l,
'.'-.'.- h';: L;;;;.';j,^ ,; :-;;;:;;;:^'' - .->•...,;
. •ri.m every in<.s».|.,l,l,. ."""••""' '"■kina: h„t eocoa
-■-•h,ina^,,i,io ;;:;;;;« "''■•'''--.•>■«,,...,
.v<'»«o «„ deck f.„„i . ""■■" ■•""' '"S- .SI..M.I.I
«moke will .,e see I^ZAt" T"""'^ " ""''""" "f
called vontilato,-^, «• ,i 1 ""' ""'''"" "'"•'I"™"
of l.ure air. ""'" '"•■ •"'I'l'l.viug .■. earren.
2-15reakfa»t (lone — ami fiv„„ .r •.
>'"'"*, it has been •, i ^ ,1 ""•.''*''" «"<1 merri-
li"^' o,. of w.a , el„Tht/?'r:,'"'" '" " ««''-™'
-" '•'-: "IS -n."; fo!. t .,i,i!r;::;":;; "'<"-
'=""!' "I- H-e that ,„,,v |,„, tv,,,„^ ,'•'"' '^'"'""' »".v
'''"■"'^' the s ,,i„„.-,, ., ?';.'■ holes or corner,
»l'-t .he n,en a„,l e " :,,t , l^''"?'^- ""^^-^^ '-
both are elean, an.I ih • , , ■ ^^ *''*' '« «<"> that
duties, which .t ,,,:,' V'"''^"-«' '" tl'oir several
indeed, ecfined „^ „ ; ' ""''"" '"■" very light,-
™ow to melt for w" er I ■'''■','*' ""•' ''"""^ '"th
floeopen.^ and «;:!:; . ^ri'" V«'-'':'""! "' ^e
M:
314
FIFTH READER.
'm\ 1 1
n
three would, if there was not a strong gale blowing iw.
«ec.n tak,„g exercise at a distance from Se ve seT^' h
.neat, o^r salt-he4trthc^tr;:'dri:: 'Xlh^
'dd.t,o„ of preserved potatoes, a treat which The^^!^
taken ,n,l ,1, "^ '""'« "fternoon exercise is then
taken, and the evening „,ea], of tea, comes next If it
IS school night, the vohmtary pnpils ,,0 to Zt „ 1
the m.«ters to their posts; r^ea'diligl^: ^ d„ e thei^
books, wr,t.ng-n,e„ their desks, artists pa „t bv ca^dlT
■ght; and chess, or draughts, combined wit'f conv t"
tte". '' "'^^^ "'■ ''""^' -- - ^'-'"g -n.' "•>:<!-■ ■
5. Monotony was our enemy and to vni f
endeavor. Hardship there wi ,0 J or a wrulr
theon,,disagreeab,e^pa.fo7:ri;::rng::a:;":
Island Some men amongst us seemed in their tern, er
ament to be much better able to endure this lonTtoTv'
than others; and others who had no source o amuse
tot;[t:e?To:h''^'T''';:^'"^''™-"'^'---'"«^
to oe pitied. Nothing struck one more than the stron„
a disease. We, for the most part, spoke as if all the most
affectionate husbands, dutiful sous, and atta.hcd brot"e
had foiind thc.r way into the Arctic expeditions.
«. We carried out, more I believe for amusement
exSn 'wl"wi::;:.ct 'iz^rz^'
l«48-49, that of enclosi.fg inforS TZZ
blowing, be
vessels; and
le past and
>s, preserved
er, with the
ich the gal-
dine some-
rcise is then
next. If it
their tasks,
)diice their
hy eandle-
ith eonver-
•ound bed-
I time our
we under-
h linger, or
epeat, was
t Griffith's
ir temj)er-
monotony
of aniuse-
vere much
/he strong
ame quite
I the most
1 brothers
ns.
lusement
hich had
s lioss's
irbor in
I collars
^ ^^^ ^^ THE AUCriC nEOW^,. 315
secured to the necks of the Arcf!. f
traps, and then liberated % ? ''^ "^''g"'* '"
fusted with desintcho, „ T"' """"■•"» "'"^ in-
<1ifferent ship^T Ct h Ttr'n""'''' ^''"' "'"'■•'«"' h
many cases /ho' „en 1, ht ^ :'j"' ""^ ""'' ' *«'"• '"
J"ck facetiously tenn.fd h tn ''°">' "''"'"'"'"'" "»
which he would be ,X„ a, ^'rn Tf'"' *™l'' "'" "f
and packed away to ornam t l"'''''' ""%*'" ''■"'''" "«.
neck of some fair DTcCa ? T""-' '"'"'''' ''"^ "■«
admitted into this secre or'n.h ' " "™"''" ' ^as
might have aeeou„tldfo,tlu .'•""' ' '^'"' "''""^
collared foxes by be ievin^ , •^^PP'^a'-ance of the
able mission. In ord r hft h? "^ "" "'^"- ''»■""-
postman" may be recoUtV -f """ "* ^'"'"S "the
fair that I should sayXr-h "•' "'"" "^'"' '"' *""
once of the good Z^t ta^T' ""•'^^' ""«'"'''"
seldom seemed satisfied with th "'""' ""^ *'>».
of a copper collar, and reru ed ?„ T'" ''"P'^ """"^
over again. ,. s rict hwlT ^,^,'""'Sht over and
safety, such as a> ed e L i""^ <^'"^" ^O'' ""^ir
trap was to be killed Of ^^ "" '"^ """^" alive in a
taken alive ; they were all ZT" "" ^T "'"« "f"^'- ^''>»
it was so„,e fort.mate wi.TrT'''''^' '''■'"''' ""'««»
were worthless; i„ such ot iJr '%"''' ^""^ """'
about a quantity of inform' ;''^''™*' "*''"■■ '» •'■'ag
tbe rest of his days, Ir else "^.1"' ', ""^'^'^ ""^^'^ '^'
"■ The departure of u f ' ,1 "" "^ '''^•''"'•
small merriment. All hnml! f T'^ * «"<"«' »f no
cook, were out to ctl th^f " k'" "•'''"'''" *° 'he
o-t of its wits, seem«' to , w' u-' '"'" ^'^htened
whilst loud shouts rdroa ''of f "'^'' ^^^ '« ■•-';
cold frosty air, were hJa^ff f J^'ht'^to '^^''^ '"«
fo.x-hunters swelled in n„„.iJ T '^ *" ^""P' as the
that could not runt^urdt: :Xh" '^.'"'' '"^
316
FIFTH READER.
of ice and gave a view-halloo, whici, said far more for
robust health than for tuneful melody
.«. During the darker part of the winter, and when
he uncertamty of the weather was eueh that" frin "
perfect calm aud clear weather, a few hou™ wT.M
change the scene to a howling tem'pest ::d thL dl
nave toliowo,], great cam was necessary, in takimr our
walks, to prevent being so overtaken^' NevSless
walks of seven or eight n.iles from the vesse s we : .'
evml occasions performed, and a severe temperlture
faced and mastered with perfect indifferenre ,, I
remember well, on January 18, seeing mereu^ i"' \
ohd mass," with a teu.perature of 40« below Z and
b :ra"lkit f '"' '"T^ "•>» "-"^ '""^- »""-"--'
nam walkmg tor mere pleasure.
J^,r^^, " •'.' '■"'" "* *^ "^^^'-J* «°™« .•'t home
of bitter cold nights, and of being frozen to Hem I?
some English heath. It seemedl uTiL edU le l^
people should be frost-bitten because the aw below
ight the thermometer standing at zero, and, indeed
looked orward to such a state of our c imat T t as
Sw^'^ "■""^'•"'^ ^""^ --'^ ^ ^''y-^hi::
Osbom,
NOTES.
1. Zero is 82" below the freezing point of water • 40° u.,
^ero IS therefore equivalent to 72° blw fre L rg poin '''"
_ 2. A well IS dug in the ice, a short aiitance from thp «, •
3. Mercury becomes solid, ov freezes, at 39° below zero
Uoa. .. Thetia.eonheyeafwer^4S:'tir,,%'';t
far more for
sr, and when
that, from a
lours would
I thick drift,
5t 'nevitably
taking our
evertholess,
sols were on
emperature
uice. n. I
^rcury in a
w zero, and
hree hours'
68 at home
death on
edible that
was below
1 with de-
itl, indeed,
ite just as
y sunshine
Osbom.
; 40° below
int.
n the shi'i),
case of fire
zero.
an Arctic
he expedi-
e ship wag
tOST EXPEDITION WITH FH < NKLIN. 317
walruses, whales. 7 W , t' taf Zn^Ho'- "^''''^'' '^^'
long winter days. *' ^°"' ""e passed the
C!T.rr:usSt;"a;.''L'r'';"7r- <" -"»-
admitted i„to this secret m ?•" i 'l ' '^^ » ^^"'>'" ' ™s
^..eer on ,„,,, .^^--'oto'n' wa'strtel^' '*' ■^''"^ «->""
■straits to Baflin s Bay """^<»'« » P»2»=tfe from Behring's
ing^ou^.'t;?:,!*: r'r ""r ""''^^ '™'' «- '°"o-
tetr t:;*;!t: propt :r' '"- ""-^■^ --'" -•'^ » -
THE LOST EXPEDITION WITH FRANKLIN.
{Verse printed as Prose.)
Am'ethyst, a precious stone of a
deep violet color.
Ber'y' a precious stone of agreen-
ish color.
Fraught, laden. (The word is
connected with freight.)
Dirge, see page 262.
Shrines, records their names in
writings that are sacretl, and
hence to be preserved. From
Lat. scrinium, a chest to put
writing's in.
the groan of ieeber,. i„ th^ ^ '..i^;.? ^^T
savage surgea. No funeral torches^ Vl,^^!"'!**
fcwe, «u„e a farewell upon their shrouded i^^^Z
318
FIFTH READER.
'V
'n;-.
'ill
S tJ V "^'^^''•■" «t'-^^"^^r8 flare the lonu
n^ht through over the cliffs stupendous, fraught w'tf
rfsLd t7 f^/^""^-" tears upon their grave,
au, shed, -tears of don.estielove or pity holv- bhr
Lr S.,r^r'r''r y^"' JHstoryshnnes them wit*
her mighty dead, the hero seamen of this isle oi
feather:"'' '^T' '''' ''''''''' ^^'^^ ^' ^^^
read, there will their names be written. ^ooa
GREAT CITIES.
VIENNA.
Banned, kept out by proriama-
tu>n. From O. Ger. ban, apro-
clam&tkn. Cognates: Ban,
banns (of inarriag.* ; abandon
(from O. Fr, bandon), a com-
mand,
Catho'dral, ihe chief church in a
diocese, conf ■-i.iiug the throne
orwa/of abisuop.
Oonflrlom'erate, sea page 172.
Con'grass, a conference or meet-
ing for disciuHsing important
st-itt. business. From Lat. con,
toget.ier, and gradior (gress-
«P), I walk. Cognates : Ag.
gressive, aggression; digress,
digression.
Oon«rer/Eing', drawing together
to oiie point. From Lat. con.
together, and vergo, I Incline.'
Cognates : Convergent, conver-
gence.
Oore, heart. From U^t. cor (cord-
is), the heart. Cognate.
(^ordial, cordiality.
Demol'ished, destroyed, thrown
down.
Em'peror, in Its full sense, »
supreme ruler, one above law
and whose will has the force of
law. Also, a ruler over inferior
or subject sovereigns; as Queen
Victoria is Empress of India.
Lat. imperator, a commander.
Ep'ochal, making an epoch or
point of time. From Gr
t^pHchS, a stop.
Frieze, in architecture the flat
surface a little above the top
or c«/,i^a; of a pillar or column
often highly ornamental.
Gla'cis, gentle slope. From O
Fr. glacier, to slide ; from I,ati
gJacies, ice. (.'ognates : Glor-
cier, glacial.
Goth'io ar'oliiteotup©, in ti»e
er their r6Ht
re the long
fraught witt
^lue of ame.
their gravev*
y holy ; bur
down shua
s them wit)
this isle of
Heaven v,
Hooa
GREAT CmES.-VtESrNA.
Cognateii
y-
oyed, thrown
'ull sense, »
e above law.
s the force of
over inferior
ns; as Queen
588 of India.
ionnna!ider,
n epoch, or
From Gr.
ire the flat
ove the top
tr or column
ental.
From O.
; from r<at.
ates : Ola^
'o, in (he
middle ages a term of contempt
applied to a beautiful style of
architecture, because it dif-
fered from the classic Greek
and Roman styles. Its chief
characteristic is the pointed
arch.
faterven'tion, interference or
com,ny between. From Lat
m^er between, and t.en,•o(t,e„^
«m),Icome. Cognates; CW
vene, convent i,„i.
*ru8'8ulman, another name for
Mohammedau. (it is from an
Arabic word, Moslem, submis-
save. With a Persian suffix.::::.
The final syllable has nothing
to do with our word man.)
Niohe, a recess in a wall for
a statue, prom u .. • . •
. * shell-like recees, nicchio, a
319
«J>elI;fromUt.mi,/,/u,,a8e».
niuasel,
Pilas'tor, a square pillar or col.
umn set within a wall. From
Fr. pilastre; from Low Lat
7n/flr,,<rttm, a pillar.
fr'r^l^°' "■''"""« *« "any
ami ; ?°"' ^'■- ^^'^*' '"^^y.
Jcchnical, technicality.
•frev/alent, most frequent. Prom
Lat.7>r.^, before, in comparison
With, and vnleo, I am strong.
Prime'val, see page 234
Sub^urbs, villages or districts
Jynig near to a city.
From Lat. /or9«e« (/«,-/.„,„)
I twist. Cognates: ror,«e»<;
torture.
^oJ:Zt:,XZ^^^' r^>o„.erate of king.
Pendence, and the ^mp^JTTT-^^'''" '"^'■
go to Pesth to be croZ!.7« '"" '^^ "'"'g'''' ^
ion as King of Hun"!" 7^":" *''* "'*'""=" ^^''■
surrounded by gently 2n:„ ^„'"*^f''"<'' ™ " P^"-
inhabitants, IhTteT^ "''J' '^ '^''"'"' *'y 'he
a dirty Utile brook whthT'' ^"' ^^^"^' f-"™"
a™ of the n>ig: y ^ttbe '^ v""^" " '"'° ""
two parts, _ the Old fs, , '•, ^""""a consists of
OW City, or Inner Townl:lf: ^^ «ty. The
but well-paved streets and \ I ,, ''^"'°^' ""^"o™.
very core of the whole Tl^^^ ^'"""'' ""^ '' *e
ttirty-six suburbs, wWeh 11'" ^k"""" '^"'^ ■=°''""'>'
2n"^^-^ --• -' ^"^c^i have been hniif ,v _ ..
■V-...U .,..e, between the old town and the'subiirbs
If
i.;.
S20
FIFTfl READER.
GREAT criEs-rimm.
321
hy the glaci. „f t rfo,.tm;at^™ ''T T'" ^"■•"""■'^' «"«'
'•" the year 1857 T 7 ,' ''■'"'•'' "■^•'■" <'"nolisl,od
;■■•«, The lattc- were de^t -ol ' by ^l °''' ^"'''-
last siege of Vienna, in 1683 A. ,K . • ^^'^ ■"" *''<'
'lo"bt b„t that Vienna wonM I , ?,* ""•"' ">«'<' '■' »»
of the great ^n^^Z:;^^ !t::jT ''" '''"'
of Poland. 1„ 1509 t'l'v •'"'"' ^°'''«'^'"'' "'i'^'
Turks, when the great sir„"s"r """' Y"^"^ ''^ "'«
delivered no feirt^nw ° ''"•''" '''''-^^•■'S'"fieent,
beaten back evel time n , ^ ''"'■'"'"'• "'' ».,s
to retreat, after L™VrU T '■" ',""'"' ^''""'^"«'
walls. ' ""^^ thousand men under the
-nj!;rtt":ri'^'x;ra"'™"^^ ""'^'™-«'" -^
no other town in E urone Z """ ix^eoliarity which
of Carlsruhe, tie ca t of 7^''"'' 'f* """ ''^™''«0'>
All of then, run to a nob / ^''''-''''^''y of Ba,le„.
-apoi„toee„„"ed bv I '" 'f ""'"•'' of the eity,
eated^o St. St eph „ i 1';?"'''?'' -"■^''■•'". "«i^
or the conyergi^rth',;;r!/^ '''"^"^ "^ '^ '»'-ge wheel,
5. The Old Town'is Jie !„ ? /r.™""' »'"'''«'•'« '^"b
this respect Vien" a lifflZ ^''""--""^ 1-rt, and in
large towns. tZ ttdeney i^f ?^"' ^'"''' '""" o"'0''
the great cities of E^teT i°'' "'/ T'"'"^ '^"^^^ '"
towards the west a d f- ■ Tf "'■"'"• '""' f"''"'"
and Paris dnring .L 1 , "1 """'''^''' '» Londo,, ■
in that direct;:fn. ' Th , Torr? 'T ■""■ ""<"" """'«
because in Eurone (he? , • ''' •■"'' "' obtained.
Which biowsTrc ' ,ct"',"'"' '■' ''"^ ^•"'^ -••"•
umage, twodaysout of every three
u*
822
J'fFTH READER.
and in many instances the most beautiful nart« ^# ^k
country lie to the wosf of ♦!.« "^f "^""* Parts of the
But in Vienna he Oh T •^'''' '^""'"« ^^ ^^^^P^'
business and piltu^ but'if '' "T '".'^ '*" ^^"^^^ «^
the palaces ofTl ^V ^ and t. t ''"i%"'^^^
t'.e government ortices/andhrsplendidZ"'"^ ''?'^
ol^l nobility, are found ^ "'^""''"'' ^^ ^^«
St. Stephen, the pafon saL't of v/enn' tt "' 1
leci, — that IS, more than sivtv f^o* i • u , •'^
>B part of the primeval forest which at „;» ,?'"'P'""''
pied the site of Vienna ; and hel „d the^e arerieX'
«• The character of the architecture of Vienna i» ,I,«
<>f "sober and solid stateliness, without Rloom^' rt
«e.es and%il^rL^r;;^?X"^"^^
'^ average, ^X^^Z^^-:^^
il parts of the
ns of Europe.
' t?ie centre of
place where
perial family,
lansionsofthe
noble monu.
cathedral of
It is one of
in Germany,
nd its tower
id sixty.five
her than the
e loftiest in
nade of the
' and gayety,
Iand,7 which
This park
3 time occu-
are splendid
?rs so peace-
'cy himself
len, instead
'nna is that
om." The
St of them
rnamented
3hes. But
Ithy town,
ty-two per
an double;
9. Vienna
OREAT CITIES.-V,ENNA. jjS
contains a splendid universitv wl,;„k
"ncl one hundred .nd thtf *'"^"^; """'«""' students,
to the unive, y the eitv"^ T"^"""'^- '" »''')"'-
'lents, «,|,o are ta,,.ht by T,v «''."'"""'' *'"-
lecturers. Not only , , "re the an S^"-" P'^^™'"™ «"''
taught in that sclL , b„ '^ " lT"rr"'"'""8'">-
merce, and the scientific n!;. "'' ''•'''■•' "^ "o.n-
'ncU.s., is based,':::' fSSr '^'' -' «-
at a congress i„ the end of the yet m7: T '"•"'
ned to sit till after the battle of \vZ > ' ^ '■""""-
of June, 1815 Evp„ W J^^'crloo, on the I8th
the 13th of March 1815 tt'"'-"'"','""'^'"" '•■^■™'. ""
Europe, declariL^Na po,'eot% r''"'^ " P'-oclamation to
man banned from Vh„ , m ^"""Pa'te an outla,v,-_a
theiaws boy7w::7r;i:::r' :^'p- -f"-^'
ol Vienna is adminahlv .„;,„j / ^ ''" situation
on the Dan„br-?h '. a 1, :;■ ''"'"T"'- ^''"''"'S
and the west of Europe /^ T ^'''""' '^' '^ast
throne for thegoodZ' tVe ottr """ir n" T"' "'
nects Western r«,.». ''"^^^nei. The Danube con-
Constanti^: ^f^:;;f -^ ^^^ Black 8ea, with
the centre of a lar^^e T .'1' / "^ '""^'^ ''''^"^'^•' ^^
railways, which c:n:ec t b t^^^^^^^^ "f-'-^ of
northwest and with the IrtT !l ^^''^^-^0''kir)ir
nentof Europe. -southeast of the conti-
NOTES.
1. In A. D. 1438 Albprf v «* *
of the kingdom of nanglry\nl ttT'\ T"'^'^ '^^ ^^''^^'^
It was the policy of the Aust'rn ""'^''^ "'^ '^« ^'^^ns.
part of the Aust'rian doming- t7::i'T'' """^-^ - a
■''- """fewnaiis steadily
m
ff-
H i
«24
^yprii HEADER.
2. Salisbury cathedral Is 400 feet high
clu^rvr""-^- ^^^^« ^ «^— of sections 4 to 7 in-
synonyrSs forte italeS^^^^^^^ P^^"' -^ «'-
(-^) The space was formerlv mT , ^! ^'''*°''' ^''^^"^"« ^^'-eets.
(.^) Courleou^intlryZ^^^^^ «'^^'« ^f fortifications.
Jaws and data of co nm^rce f 6 ) Tl^r''''^^ "''■'"^^- ^^^ ^he
nar^ «* fi »-"' •''yxtMOMs. (9) Promenade. (lO) This nAi-t lo
part of the pr//«e,«Morest. (11) Pi7as<er« 7i9» t-! ^ ,. ?
powers met at a congress n^>TW«^l. , '^2) The allied
from the protectio/of ti,e laws ^ '"'"'' ^'^^ ^^-^"^^
4. Analyze and parse the following sentence:-
" Deap as the wet diver to the eyes
Of his pale wife, who waits and weeps on shore
By sandy Bahrein, in the Persian Gulf '
plunging all day in the blue waves, at Aighr
Having made up his tale of precious pearls
come (r^t ..„ ,.e™ ..„„, eompoundwi'th *; "'J:' ;„?'"' '
I Oj^(whlch i.. contraction of „«„,; .«,„,, „,i,j„,
*»«. 'Km, land! kinsman, tim/M; etc.
ria by Prussia,
825
ns 4 to 7 In-
'wn summary,
es, and give
tiious streets,
fortifications,
ads. (6) The
Id. (7)3f««-
This park Is
J) The allied
(14) Banned
om, or cog-
mme, two,
e following
'c and in ;
build (root
'; venio, I
r, sub.
»ake a sen-
ware and
to put to
r.
ONE BY OXE.
Elato, to excite, lift up.
1. One by one the sands are flowing*
One by one the moments fall •
Some are coming, some are going-
Do not strive to catch them all. '
2. One by one thy duties wait thee;
het thy whole strength so to eaph
Let no future dreams elate thee '
Learn thou first what these ;an teach.
'• ^7 ^^ °"^' '>''%^'t gifts from heaven
Joys are sent thee here below; '
Take them readily when given,
Keady, too, to let them go.
'■""Do'no'tT ^'^"'-^^^J-" meet thee;
1^0 not fear an armed band :
One wdl fade as others greet thee,
Shadows passing through the land.
distinctly. -Line" Ea?ri^^^^^^
A II is emphatic. Vekse 2 !! i o"'^''' emphasis. Line 4 •
emphasis. Line3: Avoid the versTLoln^^' ^' '^' ^"'S''' °f
emphasis on no and /«^„rr Tnt.. """ ^^^^' ^"^ P^ace the
piratic. Verse 3. -i ne 3- ^n f "'' ""^ '''^«« ^'"^ em-
Vebse 4. -Line 3: One aMoA^!^^r ^ «"^^»^ «™Pl»asis.
are emphatic. Line 4: ^'lai / ^''T' '"^^' «^^«^' -"^
weight of emphasis. '''"*''^«'« (= "^ere shadows) carries the
* In au hour-glass.
I
i
m
fIFTH HEADER,
pj.
I:
' ' '
THE BATTLE OF HOHENLINDEN.^
Arrayed', drawn up in order of
battle.
Oan'opy, covering.
Chivalry, knighthood; gallant
soldiers.
Com'batanta, persons fighting.
Com 'pass, grasp, comprehend.
Dun, dark, lead-colored.
Inoea'aant, never ceasing or stop-
ping.
Inex'trioable, not to b*. un-
ravelled.
Mu'tilated. with llmhs JopiH^u
off. *
Obliterated, blotted out.
Pon'derous, heavy, and difticult
to move.
Havines', deep, narrow glens.
Rev'clry, disorderly pleasure.
Som'bre, dark.
1. Bctwoen the rivore Isnr» and Inn- -two of the
southern tr,b..ta,ies of the Danube -there extenl for
many leagues an e„or„,o„s forest of sombre firs a„,l
pme8 It ,» a dreary an,l almost uninhabited wilder-
ness „t w,ld ravines and tangled underwood. Twrg^t
roads have been cut through the forest, and many
woodmen's paths penetrate it at different points i
the cen re there is a little hamlet of a few miserabV
huts, called Ilohenlinden. 'mse.ab.t
I8nn' "ivf'' ^"T'-T "." "'«'" "f *'"' ^^ of December,
1800, Morean^ w.th suty thousand French soldiera
encountered the Archduke John with seventy thousand
Austrian troops. The clocks „pon the tower of
Munich, had but just tolled the hour of Sight
when both annies wete in motion end, h«pi„? t^
ng through the tree-tops, and the smothering snow
falling rapidly, obliterated all traces of a p.ith a,"d
rendered it almost impossible to drag through'the dr
he ponderous artillery. ,. Both parlies fn the dark
tempestuous night became entangle,! in the forest, and
the heads of their columns met in various places. An
awful scene of confusion, conflict, and cLage thl^
fffi
VDKN.»
not to be un-
■h limbs ]o|>})cu
otted out.
»vy, and diffloult
narrow glens,
prly pleajure.
-two of the
J extends for
bre firs and
yhiid wilder-
. Two groat
, and many
points. In
w miserabifc
■ December,
ch soldiers,
ly thousand
towers of
■ midnight,
hoping to
was howl-
ling snow,
path, and
1 the drifts
the dark,
forest, and
'aces. An
nage then
THE BATTLE OF HOHEXU.^OEX 337
of the wLtr, -t..,,, ';;,': ,;;;:;":,t:; m """"t
incmint roar of artill.Tv . , "" t . "'""■' "'<■
humlrodaiKlthirtv ,„ ?i ," """''"■'0 from ..,
heavy can," .J ;':„;'•:,'; ,r ":\ '"f"^ "•'-» - <l-
that the co,„.,a.ants CO ,1 w ,,■«! u"' """ "'""'"*
Tl.ey often, i„dee<I Hre tT , ? '^' '*"' "••"'' <'«'"'-
"■•nglo,! i„ inextricable co ,f io f '™'r"^' ,""^''-
bayonet crossing bayonet n , ' , ^' '"""" ^^ '''""I.
^word, they fonWu wW tj J f """'■'^ "''""'"'"S "S""'-'!
the advanein,. ^K ret a ' T*'"^ "' ^'""'""'- »■ "^^
the -vounded I V tbo^ . " ""'" ^'"'"'"^ '"•■">'' fr",
hillside., a, d in'd r av '' """" l**'' '" ^''"^'' "" "'
c~ed .ith"bt:d rs :;::■ •t:';if "^' ^"°-
twenty thousand f tKled Tv" "'?• '^'""-'^
and wonnded were left upon t e I'd f '."" '^""'
soon buried out of si,,h, T ' "''"''''•' *''<'y »'e'"
«. At the elosl : t et,tt ^ tlT""^ " '"''^■
at every point T),„ a ' ™'''' "'<"e victorious
'ost t/e„r;:hoi:,:d^::r;:: ^nier''-^^'^"-^'
Pnsonera, one hundred pL"! of IVn ''"'' "'"'
'mmenae number of wa2„r "■^' """^ *"
This terrific combat \h» „.^. ^ ....
■ i-- -I vampoeii hag i^,„„i.
828
p'Jfth reader.
i
i i
r. On Li.Hlon, when tlie sun was low,
A bootless lay the untrocldon snow,
Ami ckrk as winter was the flow
Ot Iser, rolJi,,^ rapidly.
B,,t Linden saw another sicrht,
Whe„ ,„o drum heat at dead of ni^.ht,
Co m„.and„.g fires of death to li^d.t
i he darkness of her scenery.
«• Ry torch and tnimpet fast arrayed,
^ Jioi^eman drew his hattleilade,
And furious every charger neighed
io join the dreadful revelry.
Then shook the hills, with thunder riven,
J - rushed the steed to battle driven, '
ArKl, louder than the bolts of heaven,
i*ar flashed the red artillery.
«• But redder yet that light shall glow
On I inden's hills of stained snow,
A.Hl bloodier yet the torrent flow
Ot Iser, rolling rapidly.
'T is morn, but scarce yon level sun
Can pierce the war-clouds, rolling dun
Where furious Frank and fiery Plun"
fehout in their 8ulph,„-ous canopy.
io.The combat deepens. On, ye brave.
Who rush to glory, or the grave!
Wave Munich! all thy banners wave!
And charge with all thy chivalry!
^ItE S^TTLJ.: OF milEmmDE^. 339
F^'V, ,e,v shall part where ma>,v ,„eet.
The™o«, «)K.n 1,0 their wi„di„g-iee''
And every turf he.u.ath their feet '
Niall be a soldier's sepulchre!
NOTES.
che^.!:?aXhoT;.: "'^" ^'"^""^ - UPP- Bavaria, between
Munioli, tlie capital of Bavaria taM, ""'' ^^'""^^^e", or
3. Inn is the lai-est tHiItf ?' ^ f '"' '^' ^'"'^^■
large, than the DaTu e ' ".I^fl^f ^""'"' '^ '^' '» ^-^^
Swiss Alps, and has a cour e of 2S5 , 7 '"'''• ^' "'^'^^ '" ^''«
>"eans /,m.s6nW^e), the capital ot'^h.r, ^^^^^'^^l^ (which
4. Moreau was the .^Se ' .o ^'7\«'''^»^'« «» its banks.
with the exception of Wm.fe R '' ''": '''••^"^'' '•'^P"^^''-' ■
died in 1813. ''^m^^Ho. He was born in 1763, and
5. Munich is the canit'il nf n
Alpine plateau ^^■hicl?2le lZ"'"f; ^' ''''^"^« «" 'he high
l^eight Of HOC feet abov^^l^LSr ^^S 1 "l. !-^ - ^'e
town, filled With all kinds of pTturoVr' T^ , ^' '^ ^ ''^^""^'"l
open air), statues, flue bu ldi„r amU 'h' "h-'"^' ""^ '" ^''«
6. Prank and Hun noe o^l *"' ""^J^"^^' ^^ art.
trians. ' P""^"^^' "ames for French and Aus-
COMPOSITION. — .\V,.ifP 1 oJ.^^f
HoHE^LiNDE.v fron. he ^ollZnrrf ^^ '^'^^ ^^^^^'^^ OP
Austrians meet on the L "f r ' ' ^' ^^'' ^'''''^' and
fen. 2. A dense fore . 1 1^ onn oT' ''''' '"^^ ««"-'-■
the dark. 5. The snn in the Zrni """I- ^- ^'S^^ting i„
Austrians. ^''^ mornnig. 6. Defeat of the
EXKUCISES 1 Evn? *
extends an enorn.ous forest" mrlT'''^^^''^''''- ^'^ There
(3) The snow had cblite ated aU 7 ^'''' '^"^'^ P^^^^^-ate it.
awful scene of carnage nsu ^' % 'Z" "'.' P^"'' ^^^ ^"
grave (6) Rolled citric .s "nier'\i]^^^^^^^^^
ftres of death to light the darkness /8> v ?'" commanded
sulphurous canopy. '*'^''"«ss. (8) Yon level sun. (9) Their
2. Parse the words in thn fnii^,.,.- „
Hie Dattie the French were vh^to^iou^Vr^:^^;^^^^^^ ^^^^^ <^'
m
1
mPTH HE A ma.
3. Analyze the above sentence
fall. draw. ' '"• '"""■ "">"'• I'ope, winter,
^r Z;rif ^^^^^^^^^^^ *. pa. .. a..a
enormous
dreary
obliterate
awful
bewildered
gleaming
huge
desolate
annihilate
fearful
amazed
flashing
ponderous
dismal
destroy
terrible
confused
glittering
HEROISM AND DISCIPLTNE.
Clam'orlnff, calling and shoutinR
impatiently.
Flank, side.
Mus'tered, met together in rank.
Pan'ic, great alarm and confu-
sion.
Vet'eran, old and tried.
1%V1 ^L 1 ? , '"* '" *'■<= "'""f' of February
was AWoa Bav» anfl .),„ „„ . • , ^^o^^'nat'on
shore. ^^ ' '^ ^ "^'"" "' ""^ <=o"W to the
J. In the_ dead of the night the vessel stn.cl on .
reef of sunken rocks, and in a few nunutes it wt p,l
iai2ji-
ounds as you
hope, winter,
the following
ination, coni-
se 5 make a
page 32, and
ig 3ets : —
ierous
lal
'oy
ble
used
jring
and confu-
ed.
steaming
•"ebruaiy,
ops, with
red more
stination
eager tc
i to the
cL on a
as plain
UlSnOtSM AND DrscWUN^. 3^^
that no power could save her A wilrl »i. • 7
from the women's quarters Bu1 Pnf I'f """' ^"^''^
74th Hio-hlanders Ji • ^''^''"^- ^^^^»' ^^ the
officers a?oundhm t ""V ''"^"^''^"^' ^^"^^ his
ofkeeping Ti!:^^^^^^^^^^^^^
men, and ordered the drum T K ! ^ ^"'' ^"^^^^^ ^^^^
-Icliers mustered o tt " 1 dl nl"^- '- ^^^^
'•anks, and stood in «,-i. ^^. ^^' ^^" ^"^^ their
-and; of S Jer s!' r ^^^ "^^^^^^^ ^^- -m-
P'-ps; the hor^sLe 1^^^^^^^^^^
Kve,on:^:Sed^i-3:^e:^:^^^
«utter, full of women .n^," 'T'^"- '• ■^''™ the
Woke i„ t.o::Trirct'':.f t:r-''
men to keep t tL,> ra .tr'"'''! f -™ ''«'«-d the
nothing buf obedi ce " 0^::,t t/"' """•"''' "*
stood, shoulder to «),„„,, . ? • ^ """" together
wUh stead, cnL'rettSeT St':^ i" /"^ ^-:
escape to the women and chndref I- '"""^ "*
who had been only a few week tn' ^ °"."' '°''^'^"'
patient and as brave a, tLTr t!; '"'""™' ^"'^'•'^ "»
Shi,, was slowly sU,li^„ I- "" "'""'•■■"'"S. 5. The
b.ave soldie,rwe e w ! ""• .'" t ''^'^ """"^"'^ t'«'^«
some tryin. toTwim L '"'","'" "^'^ '"""' ™kin»,
spa.^ that ^e^e floaTint r'';''"'lr'"'' <='"'Sf'°S '« ""y
few. butthrrw!:?d?„jro; tJ'!\'"'"^ ^'"'"'^ -p^
The shore was on v two S off • '""" ''^^"°''^''''-
not land, aa the sm-f
* iiicii Deal
^>ut the boats could
upon it ran so high
!<'.■<
H
S32
FrPTJI READER.
that even approach was clancrerous Tf,n,. i ,
tin daylight, looking fo,- air^n J ^i"-"::;' ^t*
came, they were picked 'up by'a L;^:::"
forty men ell' tor'"" ^'""^ ^^ found about
dead 4r " f a!,d f 'h "''''"' S'"^" "^ ""^ '""^'«' •>"«
-.eceededirs'i,: fin X; .f°"'« °* ''"-" "^ »"«»
'"'"'"i^ablioie; some were devoured bv
rowe(l about
; and, when
a schooner.
captain of
nd about
lasts, half
men had
oured by
HEROISM AND DISCIPLINE.
•nen, an example of eal,„ cou^.e \"fd L "«'''''^
wen to death -more uo,-,l,v If ^'^'tsacnhce —
tion than the brilliam bmv! ' ! ''^'""''''""> ""d '•dmira-
'.SirFraneisHaTtng:^^^^
and who was also at on!tJJZ"Z'j Po"? ""?'
Univeraity „f Oxford, has writ te, T f , ' '^ '" "'<'
on the subject. We haveT„ ""^ fo"»«'"'g verses
is speaking. ° """S"'" "'''" » survivor
Right on our flank the crimson mn went down
■t\ ciy ot women rose.
' "^Caur ^"'P f ''-"-d lay hard and fast,
Her t?mb;rs t rir, '''' "'""" " '"''^''^" ™^'';
The spirit of that shock.
And ever, like base cowards who leave .h»-,. ,
In danger's hnn.. i c , ''"^'' ranks
Drifted aw^v r ' ^ f"' '^' ''"«^' ^^ «teel,
nited away, disorderly, the planks
i^rom underneath her keel.
.- Confusion spre^^; for, though the coast seen,^
T.f^^strdii^^^.j^it-'^-'-^^^
^h^ , ' ^"^ *^ was c ear
ohe was about to sink.
3S4
FIFTH READER.
Out with those boats, and let us haste away "
Cued one, "ere yet yon sea the bark devoiirs "
The man thus ch.moring was, I scarce need Z
No officer of ours.
•". VVc knew our duty better than to care
^ or such loose babblers, and made no replv
ill! our good colonel gave the word, and^th^lre
i'ormed us in lino — to die.
There rose no murmur from the ranks, no though,
By shameful strength unhonored life to seek •
Our post to quit we were „a trained, nor taugh,
io trample down the weak.
11. So we made women with their children go
The oars ply back again, and yet again \
^-ulst, mch ymch, the dro wig lip U low,
btill under steadfast men.
What followed why recall ? The brave who died
D.ed wthout flinching i„ the bloody sur;
They sleep as well beneath that purple tide '
As others under turf.
The Queen ordered a monument to be erected in
Greenwich Hospital, in memory of the "Co\or^
Strte"'" ''•""""^ "^ «>- --To dta
rut/ltldTb^r " '"^^"^'^ ''-' ««'^«"^'
NOTE,
of Port Elizabeth. ^ ^ ^^""^^ '^^ "^ing town
mm^^~d3m\
J away,"
devours."
ied say,
reply,
nd there
no thought
o seek ;
lor taughl
HEROISM AND DISCIPUNE.
sank low.
10 died,
sur*;
le
•ected in
I'oic con-
ivho died
fighting
IJape Col-
iing town
335
DntECnONs FOB J»P4ntxT«
I- Do not sav, " mZnTT "" ''°^™'-
^^^. Ayo,, tbe accent ,.po„ „^, ,„, ,,^, „^^^ ^^_^^^ ^^ ^^^^
o. Do not «av *<CJi,
about to shk.""^' *"' """ «'""« "o sink," but •■ She-».a,.
'•Avoutbe..c-,eer:pr;:::r
»lx mndredand thirty souls o„CS •,' • ,^ "'°°P-""P- "i"-
„boa«. 5. T.-!"-sl.t ^ikTiTtr " T'^T -» "" 'e'
nlnwy-two are saved. "■ ''■ °"'y <"<« hundred and
.In!ZT« ■ATg!>ai?a'y:''','^''S':'""" '"'™^'' "' H-des-
were on parade. (3 1 The voul ll "'" "' »'«ady as if thev
veteraji comrades (4 The "1 '"' """ " P-''^'^^ S
<?Pt.;uof the schooie tothe vS 7^;;?^ -"-^ed the
he eri,.,son sun went down rn b„ ,• ?' ""«■" <"> our flank
(7) There was l„ us no "llonll , ^ ',""'"^ ""-'"^l »» nerv«
Ofed lif„ ,0 seek. mThlT ^'' """'"'''" '^'«ngth unhon'
unbrokeu discipline." ^"^ """ '""'"I heroic constancy and
either as nouns or as^rb X'!f' ""' '"■"^' '"at may be used
»• Give ,he verbs orth«\i- .■'"""• ""•"' *<^«'/'. etc.
nouns co»... <^ J«::;^* .^^^ -»/«™. whic'lhe Wlow.u,
336
Firm HEADER.
¥4 J
ilh.
THE HABBI AND HIS CHILDREN.
In fee, In possession.
Lack, be without.
Part, course.
Prevent'insr, anticipating wliat
lie might be going to say.
Rab'bi, the Jewish name for a
teacher or professor of the
Hebrew Law.
Thresh'old, door-step.
day inthe's^h"''/^^^r *"''''"''"' ""' "" "'« Sabbath
oay m the School of the Law, and taught the peonle
D „„g the day both his sons died, already young men
full grown, and well instructed in the law Hk wife
took them and bore them to an upper chamW TaW
Bodies 2. In the evenmg Rabbi Meir came home
Where are my sons," asked he, " that I may Xe
o theTaw r"^ • : " They are gone into thelh'oo
replied he, " and I did not see them." She set before
^™^««P: •-« P'-»i«ed the Lord for the close of 1^
Sabbath, drank, and then asked ag.ai„, " Where are mv
«at they also may drink of tlie ;ine o b sl^^
sne saw, Kabbi, alloiy me a question." " Sav on " be
answered. "Some time .-.go," said she, "onega"; 'e
again. Shall I g,ve him them f " "My wife slm„M
"wZw '" f •'"'"' " ''"<'^"»"'" -i/ Rabbits
Would you hesitate to giye any one back his own ?"
h,?t' °1 'P'""' ^""e ; " but I did not like to give them
back without your knowing b- orehand." 4. Soon afte"
tne cove, iiig off the bodies. Oh, my sons," sobbed the
REN.
h name for a
feasor of the
itep.
le Sabbath
he people,
oung men,
His wife
mber, laid
over their
Tie home,
may give
he School
und me,"
set before
3e of the
'e are my
lessing?"
ifore him
he meal,
y on," he
gave me
em back
B should
bi Meir.
5 own ? "
ve them
on after,
md took
)bed the
THE RABBI AND H,S CHILDKEN. 337
have you not tauZ ^/„ . """^ '"'''• "«»''W.
give back wharw, "! "K"" """'' "<" '"^^^ to
name of tlffLLrd be hi "i' -''"I'' """"" ""^"y^ "■«
peated the word ^^^ "ff f ' f "-^ R^^bi Meir re-
his heart, '^ZenT ' " *"" '''"'P*^* "^'^l'"'» "f
THE MOTHER'S JEWEI^S.
Archbishop of Dublin.)
». In sehooU of wisdom all the day was spent •
Withr "^''r »"« K-hbi homeward'ben;
Wnh^homeward thoughts, which dwelt In the
And two fair children who adorned his life
She, meetmg at the threshold, led him „
And, with these words prev;nt !, d e.in • • '
'Ever rejoicing at your wished retur;,, °'"-
^h:vernruXe:z'edtdr^^^^^^^^
Upon one point which ^.« shall „„rj:ide. ,„
.. Some years ago, a friend into my care
Some jewels gave _ rich, precious gems they were ■
frienT"" piaced them i„ iy „,„/JS
fiineftt "«'?■»«' "<""« for them nor send
But left them m my keeping for so long,
tZI y, T ,'i "■""'' ''''"' '» ">« a wrong
That he should suddenly arrive to-day *
.^> -.u„ j-eweis tiiat he ieft away.
15
388
fIFTH READER.
!'*&
'4
ic'iit, 25
now,
30
What tl.mk yoii ? Shall I freely yield them back,
And with no ninrmuring?_so henceforth to lack
1 hose gems myself, which I had learned to see 21
Almost as mine forever, ~ mine in fee."
7. What question can be here? Your own true
heart
Must needs advise you of the o7ily part ;
That may be claimed again which wjis but
And should be yielded with no discontent ;
Nor, surely, can we find herein a wrong,
That it was left us to enjoy so long."
«. " Good is the word ! " she answered ; " may wo
And evermore, that it is good allow! "
And, rising, to an inner chamber led :
And there she showed him, stretched upon on6
bed, ^
Two- children pale : and he the jewels knew
Which God had lent him, and resumed anew.
R. C. Trench.
DIRECTIONS FOR READING.
The poem should be read with great slowness and solemnity
The questions should be put and the answers given with a qu ei
and reasoning gravity. lu line 3. avoid the verse-accent on
upon, and jom upon-the-wife to the next line. In line 6 take
care not to place the accent upon xoith, but make a pause'after
and, and run on xoith-the^e-words. In line 9 avoid the verse-
accen upon have, and hasten on to much. In line 10 there
aner t»W ' '^l'' T^'^"' °" ''''' '^ ^'^ '^ make a p use
after ;eu;e/s, and make that-he-left into one word. In line 20
take care not to put an accent upon with ; it should be slurred
over and the emphasis placed upon no. In line 25 the emphatic
In ine S' X'"?tf:«'«^^^/<-"-^ should be regarded as one word.
In hn^e 32, avoid the accent on upon, and put a slight emphasis
THK MOTllllirS JEWELS.
hem back,
7rth to lack
to see 21
fee."
I* own true
rt;
'Hit icnt, 26
2nt ;
»y wo now»
SO
upon one
new
anew.
R. a Trench.
d solemnity,
with a quiet
seaccent on
line 6, take
pause after
id the verse-
ine 10 tliere
lake a pause
In line 20
i be slurred
he emphatic
of the line.
> one word.
It emphasis
8Sd
th^?r ?• 7 ^^'" "•' ''""'^ °f '^"^ L^^-r -^^WKLs from
the followu,g head.: 1. While a learned Rabbi was teaching i"
the School of the Law, his two sons died. 2. Ilis wife meets
h.m at he door, and asks him a question. 8. His repTy 4 She
takes lum up-stairs, and shows bin. her jewels. .5. 'll^r teH:
lion. (i. His answer.
EXERCI8K8.-]. Explain the following phrases: (1) Whatques-
siTelHrledr' ^^^ "^--^ ^bought, (.sllhaveren
5 roTLT" '""■', "•"'' """^'^ ^^'"''«« y«" °f "'« only part.
(5) God had resumed anew the jewels.
2 Parse all the words in the following sentence: Rabbi
Me.r^^the great teacher, sat on the Sabbath d'ay in the Lh^l ';
3. Analyze the above sentence.
4 Select from the first three sections wonls which may be
either nouns or verbs, like school, people, look, etc. ^
Jur^.r f T\^ """ ^^'"^ adjectives from which the foUowiu..
2T f?;f '^•' '""'"-^''^o'^^ bl^^'^ino, hesitation, thou^M,
abode trial, decision,, allowance, resumption.
6. Write out as many of the compounds of the followine
words as you know:„^ace, oo;n., olve, lead, turn, decide, cZrgl
thl'wnlH^ the words that are derived from, or are cognate with,
the words school and law. '
iiW
it
i.
340
FIFTH HEADEH.
V-,
h
%
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.
Paut III.
Anon', at once, Immediately.
Commer'oial, used in commerce.
From Lat. con mvicium, coming
and going btnureen two towns
or nations; which liself comes
from con, with, and merx,
rn^cis, goods or merchandise.
Oompaot', brought closely to-
gedior.
Di'amond, the most precious of
"precloiij stones," and the
hardest of all substances. (It
Is a doublet or by-form — as Is
also the French diamant—ot
the word ar/amari^, which comes
from the Gr. a, not, and damao,
I subdue. It hence means the
unaubduable.)
Bleo'trio, permeated or run
through by electricity. From
Or. electron, amber, whicii was
the earliest substance that
showed the chief phenomena
of electricity.
Engineer'lng:, the art — based
upon mathematics — of build-
ing bridges, making tunnels,
canals, and railways. From
Lat. ingenium, skill.
En'terprisiuK. given to great
and courageous undertakings.
From Fr. entreprendre, to un-
dertake.
En'trepot', plaoe — between twa
other places — where goods are
landed or left for transport
to another place. The place
where they are finally landed
Is called the depot.
Pru'Kal, thrifty, saving, careful
of small things. From Lat.
/nix, ffia, fruit.
Impreg'nable, that cannot be
taken.
Lab'yrinth, a place full of per-
plexing windings.
Metrop'olis, the chief or leading
city,— not necessarily the capi-
tal.
Moored, fastened, anchored.
Par'liament, see page 195,
Proclaimed', publicly and for-
mally announced. From Lat.
pro, forth, and clamo, I call.
ProfU'sion, great plenty. From
Lat. prof undo, I pour out, pro-
fusus, poured out.
StaK'nant, standing, not flow-
ing. From Lat. 8tagnum, a
pond.
Steppes, the Russian name for a
vast plain (stepj).
Ter'ritory, land in the possession
of a government. From Lat.
terra, land.
Vis'tas, views, prospects.
1. North of Spain lies the rich country of "sunny
Prance," — a land of corn and wine and oil, the richest
and best cultivated land in Europe. It contains many
large towns, and has an army of a milUon and a half of
name for a
A rOYAfUi HOUND Tllk WOULD. 841
wldicre. Pari,, the oa,,it,,l, i« ono of th« most beautiful
c.t.™ m the wo,l.l. The terril.le defeat which F a ee
received fr„,„ Germany iu 1870 she has eomplcMy
r^^overed from; a„,l, her people .«,!„« the most'iS
trious and most saving people in the worl.l, she is
making rapnl strules in prosperity every day. France
IS hterally " a land of corn and wine ami oil." HiC
country north of a line drawn through Orleans, grai.^
ami beet-root (for sugar) are grown ; in the ^
iHtween this .hue and a seco.«l line drawn from ISor-
rteaux to Lyons, wine is the chief product of value •
.-.ml south of this line olive trees, from which ol i
"btamed, flourish and ..bound. T.. ,« .t, w ot i
eon bT^"*' *'.'--'t"'T.-ir. the ti,n of ^^Z
leon, but ^ ranee is nmo a "new-o.., , Friuce" and
seem, destined to be a peaceful, a, .-,„ .T^ Cl
workmg country.
Prance, I liurry from thy shore;
Ihouartnot the France of yore-
Prosperous days thou hast in store.
2. Holland -a flat country, defended from the
Gerinan Ocean by long and high dikes, a land of canals
an^Iong rows of stiff poplars,%f trim' gardens M
ir '•'"','' ''"S^'* ""<'™' "f <!'"'!"' o'd towns, o
slow-mannered people, of ancient wealth earned from
a e;"':-,: -' *'"' 'z ^i' »* '■•™ ""^'^^^ - - «'-"
a new pin moored under the windows of the house,
of houses built on piles, so that it was said that the
Trees "olb^^^'^'iT 'T"' "'*" ■•°"'"' "" ">^^ ^ops „
a ,d H!» T """^ '""'''■^ '""»'■''• «f 'liamond-merehanls
a^id diamond-eutters, of stagnant ditches and rapid
wmdmills, of fertile meadows and fat cheeses -need
not detain us. 3. Denmark is a little, industrio^
-^.- _„ ...._ .,^^ puvvur 01 I'ruHsia took from her
342
FIFTH READER.
■£'< 'J?
m
Schle8«r.g.Holstc-.n; and she is now a small kingdom
w,th less than two millions of souls. Sweden, a fou"
try of pme forests and waterfalls, iron mines and busy
seaports, can only be glanced at. It would take long
to describe U„ss,a, with her vast f,.„.sls i„ ,he north
DUTCH BARGES.
ber broad steppes in the south, her wide, wheat-bearinii
plains, her salt lakes, her mines of iron, tin, silver, and
gold in the Urals, and her vast rivers, which, by the aid
ot canals, connect the White Sea with the Black the
Caspian with the Baltic.
Sweep by Holland like the blast;
One quick glance at Denmark cast;
Sweden, Russia, —all is past.
4. The central power of Germany stands like a square
block m the heart of Europe, - facing France on tha
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. Zih
W . ''"""1 ™ ""' ''••""' •'^"^"■" "» t''« south, and
bwedc, „„ the north. Since IJismarck came into nmver
under the present Kn,„eror, Gern.any ha. be mC.^
more and more con,paet. Slio broke the vot^^"^
nfluence of Austria in Germany in 1800; J |", .b, d
e power of France in 1870; Ix i„ IBn'willia" "l
knig of I russm, was proclaimed E.nperor of Germ-inJ
m the great French ,.alaco of Ver Jilles. ,.81^'",
place m the field over a million and a half of men and
more than a quartor-n.illio,. of horse,; her m t^v
!»::: utt. """•"'^"°r"' "■ j^'-i- ««» ...im ;
the strength and pros|,er.ty of a nation depend on
teady ,ai,.„, ,,.^„, i,,.^,^^ .,,_^, ^_^__ dealh^ The
l«et warns the Germans against th ir philo'm.' nf
wl.om he calls "schooln.en-'but the pi lo'so h rih ^^
done thetr country little harm: it is from the r own
m.htary .eal that the Crnmns have suffered most
Ellw norWcser tempt my stay,
(lermany, bcivare tlie day
Whon thy schoolmen bear the aivay.
0. Now we have only to cross the little Geman
Ocean to be ,n England .ag.,i„. Compared with m";
of the Contu.ental countries, the ever-green turf of Ei I
i«nd ts a constant refreshment to the eye. E Ham N
:. e.'i ofi::':,''"' r" ''f^ '-^^'y^' -^ *-—
stieams, of lovely gardens, of wide parks full of ni-ur.
" fioen oaks an.I elms, of sha.iy lanes and leafy ,o2
■ ees, of pretty commons and neat cott.agea, of a law
ovmg and loyal people; and, above all,Shis 1 .d^
iloArK, — the home of our fathers '
Ml..'iM^"' ''•'?^'^^'^' ^''''' ^«"«^'-^ the poet Janu.
^-'».iiu«.c-r>, wno i,u8 taken rather a zigzig course ;
tB|
■»?»■*««.,•»»._.
844
IIFTH READER.
m^'
bni we might have gone round the world, an,i yet never
put our foot upon any but British territory, ~ for the
the roll of the Rnt.sh drum" encircles the globe with
A LITTLE BIT OP OLD ENGLAND.
a bolt Of military music ; and it would be quite possible
to have an electric wire round this planet with its ends
restmg upon British soil only. «. Let us then make a
voyage, vis.tmg only British orritory. Setting out
from Toronto, we enjoy a delightful trip on the blue
waters of Lake Ontario, -the last of the magnificent
vi yet nevei
y, — tor the
m Victoria ;
p globe with
-'«.«.
te possible
h its ends
n make a
!tting out
the blue
ignificent
^ yAGE HOUND THE WORLD. 345
«hain dividu-g our country from the United States
and reach at its end the "old limestone city^'' ^^7
Leavmg ,ts foit-environed harbor in the ea ly mS'
we seat ourselves near the bow of the boat, for weTn f^
not ail to make the best of the next few hours. Du"..^
our long voyage around the globe we shall not sai ^^
another nver so broad and deep as the one wh .^ we
LACHINE RAPIDS.
me now entering. Nor shall we aee again, till we return
to he shores of our own country, such visions of varic,!
ami peaceful beauty as await us on passing through the
1 lousand Islands For several hours ou, vessel seen.s
to be m a labyrn.th of i»lan,ls. Here is one only a few
feet across, a mere roek, with a single stunted cedar
growu.g from a crevice in its si.le. There is one con-
I- wr- :-;i,s t>i <ifnse I
bliag
^e are
846
FIFTH READER,
mn
Si'
1^
on that island to our left, while its neaK^ neighbor is
bare or covered only with stunted shrubs. Before as
and behuKl is a panorama of ever varying beauty. 9.
iiut these charmnig scenes are not all that the St. Law-
rence has to offer us. We liave scarcely finished our
exclamations of delight at the wondrous vistas throuc^h
which we have passed, ere we begin to anticipate the
excitement of sweeping down the fearful rapids that lie
before iis. Rushing down the Long Sault, whirling, en-
raptured over the foaming waters of the Cedars, .nly
prepares us for the fearful leap at Laehine.
10- We do not brentho as our boat j)itchc.s p:ist the
VitTUltlA UlSJUUL, -Mo.SlKKAL.
rocks into the boiling pool, but we are soon in smooth
water, and have barely time to look at the spires and
pi-omment buildings of Montreal, hanging from the sides
of Its Royal Mountain, ere we are floating under the
Victoria Tubular Bridge, the longest in the world
11. We take an Allan steamer here, and, passmg the
historic Quebec, with thoughts of the eventful morning
when Wolfe and his little army scaled those heights we
' .^.''Ta ?° ^^l '^^'^"'^''' ^*^^^^ ^^^ ^'•«««- Landing
in the "old and" at Liverpool, we are amazed at it«
miles ot docks, but soon hasten on by train to London
the « Metropolis of the World." '
12. L«*aving London, we run down the Channel thmugh
sighbor is
Before an
iauty. 9.
St. Law
ishecl our
5 throuLjh
ipate tht
Is that lie
irling en-
ars, Dii.ly
jKisl the
smooth
i'es and
he sitles
der the
•Id.
Jng the
lorning
hts, wc
andiiig
at itfi
lOndon,
\iYou0h
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. 847
the Bay of Biscay, the stormiest sea in Europe, and reach
Gibraltar, the key to the Mediterranean. Gibraltar is
n impregnable fortress and a station for militarHnd
nn^ ... stor.s. Sn.lmg through the western b.Msin k the
BARBOR OP VALETTA, MALTA.
Med.terra,K.an, under Oeep-bluo skies and through deep.
Wue water, we reach Malta, and drop anchor at Valett^
Here we can purchase the most delicious or.uges C
and olives fnr n »««..« ♦..:a„ n, ,. . * '*' "^^'
'ifle. Malta is a rrreat "n!.q«o
01 urma,- and the key U> the eastern Medilerranei,
348
UFTH READER,
13. Now we ouike str ligbt for the S uez Canal, - a feat
of engineering performed under the ^^reatest difficulties
by M. de Lesseps. ^J.rough the canal, and down the
hot passage of the h ., which lies between Arabia and
Atrica,we reach the rainless Aden, -another British
station, and the key to the lied Sea. Across the Indian
Ocean, and we are at Bombay, the Vest harbor in In-
dia and rapidly rising to be the first .commercial port
14. Here we can buy cotton, silk, indigo, opium, and ah"
kinds of spices. Coasting southward wo reach CoU^mbo
Uie capital of Ceylon,-the poor harbor c f a rich is^vnd'
Fearls, all kirds of spices, and beautiful vcrk in precious
stones, hard woods, and ivory, can be purchased h^re
North to Madrid, where there i; no harbor: we must
land m small !,oat8, pilotc-d i arougu the angrv surf which
rages eternally upon its s.K.^'es. MMra^ stands next to
Bombay in commercial imp oit^.acf .
15. The mouth of the B'^o^^ily ne^t receives us, and
we are steaming up to Crk utta. Palms, acacias, and
other tropical trees, line the banks in thick profusion
Ana so we reach Calcutta, the capital of Bengal and of
Indu. Sailing dowrs again, we eteam for the British
Bettlen:; nt at the south ond of the peninsula of Malacca
called Si.» >:apore. This is the great entrepot of Europe
and the East, where the manufactures of the one are
exchanged for the growths of the other, ic. Now we
steer for Labuan, a small island off the coast of Borneo
where there is an extensive bed of excellent coal ; and
strikia? south to Australia, we pass the small town of
Perth, and make for Adelaide, the capital of South Aus-
tralia. Here we can buy plenty of wool and grain.
East of it stands Melbourne, the largest town on that
sma 1 continent Farther north is Sydney, the capital
of New South Wales, the oldest city in Australia ; with
i
lal, — a feat
difficulties
down the
Arabia and
lier British
the Indian
bor in In-
rcial port,
ini, and ali
1 Col.<>mbo,
ich isiji/id.
n precious
ised hire.
' we must
iurf which
is next to
58 us, and
acias, and
profusion.
:al and of
e British
Malacca,
f Europe
e one are
Now we
Borneo,
oal; and
town of
uth Aus-
d grain,
on that
3 capital '
ia ; with
A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.
349
m
FIFTH READEJe.
>an«„as and orange trees and acacias. Norfhl^in
piuwmg ana enterprising town
n. Crossing now to New Zealand, we arrive at Dun
<•; .n the largest town in this prospei-ous colonv Anon
He strike due north, pass the Fiji UhuaTL^f^
|.;oii,> which no. belo4s to us, ar^ ^:^::^:
reach the small island of Hon<r.Ko L nt X '''"''\'^^^'
the Canton River. This was™:.tr;S:\ 'cS ."
we can steam to Halifax, L clfi of No S ra ■
-gnificent ParSeltM.f;.'"'"'°"' '" '°°'' " '''
n groves of
orth again,
eensland, n
ve at Bun-
ny. Anon
a volcanic
north wost,
i mouth of
Chinese in
broad IV
sh Colum-
lantic, is a
and all on
ery where
the Falk.
town, the
^t call at
ni, sugar,
hat point
a Scotia.-
I our way
ok at the
851
THE LAND WE IJVE IN.
Chat'tel, an article to be bouBlit
Mild sold.
Eu'loKize, 8i,eiik very highly of.
Expedi'tious, requiring Utile
time.
Gra'dients, gradual deviations of
the surface from a level plane.
liin'eament. feature,
Iiu'brioates. makes smrmth
Luxu'riatinK. taking great com-
fort.
Macad'amizes. hardens.
Sal'utary. wholesome, advanta-
geous.
ot all humanity n the New VVm-i i i ♦ • ■ V ^'^
t!.at not only tL son of Noh E th : Z^A '" ''"'"
-on. all ot..e,. States settled an,on^ ": V o^.r^^aW:
to Jo,n harmoniously i„ the cxOebration of 1 e Wal in
Massaclmsotts Bay of the fii-^t 8hi.,I.>,-l J . ""'" '"
this <Iav, 240 years •,.,„ "' , .""I''"" ' "f enngrants on
1 - ^^ '~''*'"l'"hiehwafte(l over tho
-esneciillv nt tl '"' -"^*^«t >«> praising ourselves,
summer, like the resurrect^ "of' ^etr clo'the"' ""
imeament of the landscape in beautV ' d' a r Uy"" i^
z«L.l?:r''.r/.«."f '--^^ ^or^u.eC?iu-;:
s -..«. ;.«c -cvuicuee ui our senses. 3. But to
'i
852
FIFTH READER.
eulogize Canmla abo„t Cl,ri,tma8 ti,„e ..eouirca a natri-
train-o. , he <lecla,e« that "there h „o la„,l like Lanla,, ?
under tl,e mm." Ourconsolation, however ilthu^
snows of the season full upon oi- "^^'^•"' """"/" "'.<-•
'lential ,,„rposoa. Thegrea, v. . . ^^^Z! P'"^"
the ploughed land in'; war,.. ,.o>e„„,;;^^.^:;^
te^own wheat for the fi,. ripening in'fluenee of tie
rivers, better than could the manual labor of mo ■^'w
tTetlld"' '• '^f '"T *"'' '""""•■""« *« ^•-•« through
the wilderness by whieh those sailors of the forest the
.n.be™en are e„i,.,l, d to draw down the annual s,
ply of one of our e..' .f staples to the mai^ins of f oTe ,
rivers, which arc to 1 ear their rafts to Qnehec at tl eZ
opening of navig .^on. This cli.uate of ours thouL.
rigorous ,s not unhoalthful, sin.e the average ?f ht f
life m this Province h seven per cent highc, than i a!v
o her portionof North America; and if the low o^"fTh^
ga sdoessometimeBinconve„iencoindividuals,weou« It
to be compensated and consol.d by remeniberin" o
how much benefit these an „al fall» of siow are ' l^
county at large. So much for our climatic dimcult
». Let me now say a word or two ou our geogranhical
position. Whoever looks at the ma,,-,.„S " •
... invanjable public instructor - no{ sueh'C ;',,':
used to have, m which Canada -as siu-k aw m,"^
he north pole, but such maps a. .ave lately 'Z^,
m th,8 country- will be tempted to reganl he'fiur.
St. Lawrence as the first of •oCV :....' i,,", lakes .
magnificent river as only „ ,on«er 1:1.8 fo^e,:
His eye will follow up through a ,.art of The tidal „c
of that river the ..,me pa.-allel of latit.. ._-"_
which in.e,-sect8 Germany, aiul cu(s (hrougi, ,. ti^K
ili-
-oa^
es a pati i-
ing in his
e Lapland
hat all the
find piovi-
ost, wrapH
rving the
ice of tl)«
I'ooks and
c through
orest, the
nual sup
of frozen
i the fii-st
I, though
'f human
m in any
'ssoftlie
ve ought
erin«r of
■e to the
Rculties.
raphi<ial
I wiap is
s as we
' lip at
>peartMl
Oulf o(
'dour
Petrol I.
itish
tl.at most in.orostin.Veo,.„;;/ J' '^if. '"'" l'""»j;l.
""gMto ..„ 'Hhe o„t:m. "'o'f ~; ;::: :'-^ "f'
American en ernrlHo h.,« i.* i . >^^"^''» — ^*'here
fron. a point „„ on^^o Vat s '"• ' "" '''•^'•■'"-
than 2,000 mi),.. _ , C, , f , "'" '° '* ''°' n'°'-«
PhHado p; ,VaX h '" T'"'"""' ^""'■•''l- ••■• the
'"^ . Colonel I.^nfi;;'"^'/^f;- "r'''^ ^•■''''''" «3'»^^^^
we cannot LWi.-ve f nU:::.'!?'" "^ "" •'^'''>"'
which risked so man. 1- •"""'•'" ''"""l-ise,
cable pa«sa,.enea,rf,e'T ^'-i^'^ '" «"" » P^'cti-
Northwest I We "w "'"f"'^'"'""'' "^^riand
<»ieam of Jaor>n;,.,, ^' "■•'"""' '"'P^i^ 'I'M the
^-.ortest ro„X;^r ;:''2',^h;a^, "f "1' T' '"^
'^'« valley of the St ' * '' ^""""^ throu-h
a little to the nolth fl r ' ^"^''^ °^ ^^'^ ^^^^^- '
.1. A^^ "^^"«»lh, the Amoor, vrblH mnv k- «-«•- ^
^ti<- , farther oflf, but"
in a r'orlit
864
FIFTH HIiADER.
line, tho rich a.„l ,.o|.mI,„.8 Japanese Rroup, which for
*oa th u,„ e.,...,.pn»e have .,ee„ „„t ir^,,t y oT.1 c ll^e
n..»h l»le« „f Asi..,. These, M. ,',.esid em. are !. me
.rhfT"'""" "''^"""»S«»; there are others , ha.
I nsh refer to l,„t „„ „„ „,,^i„„ ,„• „,;, ^. „j
know the fewer tlie details the l,etfer
». Now, one word more as t„ ..,„• peop|„: the deccn
... census, to he take ext mo„th, will'prohabl/stw
New Kngland or the gr, at State of New Yorl<, dwluct-
.ff New \ ork City. An element, over a third !, a C
han one half of tl,at .. ,al, will be found to ix. „f TJnl
Cm,a,l,an or.gin ; the ren.ainder is ma.Ie „,,, as the Zl
.h' .a, «: ' ::"■;';""• •""■ 'T '"""*'"-'""^' »■"• ^'^
,i , ; '"•."«»'<' »''a'lvanced matenally in the
■oof o,n.A„..,i™n neighbor,? J cannot say'that we
h,.>e. M^mtreal ,s an older city than Boston, and
KnK^-ston an older town than Oswego or Kuffai? f et
- eonfess frankly that in ,„any n.aferial tdn^ we i™
.;.~ryhelnnd the Americans, whih.a,^,::ar
'"n -not to give way altogether too much -let us
« Inch they, perhaps, do not. For exan.pl,., we believed
nt,l lately -we still believe -that such a «c.4^ ,L 1
jave OS one man being another n.an's chattel was
wholly unknown in Canada.* And we still ho!,e that
may ever continue to be our boast, u. I„ „,aterhd r^
ZZ «'«i7;--«';"| toahow, and we ^^Cl
mo.e. All we need, Mr. President, mixed up and
of Appeal, b„, „„„„,,! r writ '1^"°""" '''',""' "W"' C»n.rt. Uo„r,
TOE LAND WK LIVE jy.
divided as w, ..oturally are !, ,•„
"ontmvoreie, ^f „.ee a'd ' f^ "" "" "'» delicate
■"erce,_the cordial Xou ™ '""" P""""" '""' »"'"
«P-n»i„„ of those na....oCVX: ",r ""'"."« •"•-"-
"-Inch are ap6 to attend UDon? f"'"" ""'Wtio..^
these a,„e„d,„o„t,. I do T,V"""""""'"". -".d witi,
T,, NOTE. ^
'f 5. at <A.r,i„,;^, ' Xr u" °" ^'- '-^^^^ ^% Of Apr,,
'■'« "«t,ve co„ntry a,.d arrived .tn ? "'''" "^ ''^^^'"teen ,,e ,ef t
^«';<18 lie WH« made e.Jitor of thl^r^"^"' ^''^^''^ '^^'« year af L?
'7'ing he becan,e editor of Ln "?''? ^''°'- '^'^e ye .r ol"
returned to Ireland. At t,.e ' r^v '" ^''''"•^"'^ '^^unZ am
K<'»iu8 he d,sp,av,.(, as an.? ^ ''^'^ "^ twenty, owini .wh
place Of "i^t'rank i^ uH Lr'''''"'^ J«""^a, rh^,i",f «
KXKIIOISKS. _Ev,,l,.„ „ ...
gmphical advantage; 2. CarJ^ ",7'"«^ ««Pre«,ons I. Qeo-
■***>»»<«,.
866
FIFTH READER,
SUNSET.
Nature has a thousand ways and means of rising above
herself, hut inc()ni])arahly the noblest manifestations of
her cai)ability of color arc in the sunsets among the high
clouds. There is then no limit to the multitude, and
no check to the intensity, of the hues assumed. The
whole sky, from the zenith to the honzon, becomes one
molten, mantling sea of color and fire; every black
bar turns into massy gold, every ripple and ^rave into
unsullied, shadowless crimson, and i)urple, and scarlet,
and coloi-s for whic.'h there are no words in language
and no ideas in the mind, — things which can only be
conceived while they are visible, — the intense hollow
blue of the upper sky melting through it all, —showing
liere deep and piire lightness, there modulated by the
filmy, forndess body of the transparent vapor, till it
is lost imperceptibly in its crimson and gold.
RmHn.
"TILL THE DOCTOR COMES."
Accidents of various kinds occur almost every day,
and much suftering has to be endured. Life is often'
sacrificed, because neither the injured one nor his com-
panions have any knowledge of the means to be
adopted for relief. T.) supi>ly this knowledge in regard
to some of the common accidents is ^^>^^ object of the
following rules and suggestions.
The first rule, arid it is an itnportant one, npplics to
those who would render hel|). It is, keep calm ami seh:
posseaaed. "Ilaslcn Hl»»wly."
''"''■ '"'"■ '"^r-ron coM,,s.
rising above
estatioiis of
»ng the high
Ititude, and
lined. The
ecoines one
?very black
\ wave into
md scarlet,
n language
•an only be
fnse hollow
— showing
ted by the
por, till it
•
Jiuskin,
n
every day,
fe is often
)r his coin-
fins to be
} in regard
ect of the
npplies to
* and self'
357
I^t'EEnr.VG AND now rn \
'I'here are two simni , u '' '^""'^'^'^ '^'
. ^ -^ % ei::^^^^^!; f an.sting bleeding
«^-'<ling posture, X^fl'' ^'^'"'^ '" '^ -^ting^
;;;" the foot, leg, han't:: ,/;7'^'-- '' ^''<^ -"-
\^^\ an<l raise the limb as ,:'"'" '^" ^^^^'^'"^ on Ihs
!^'v«I of il,, body. Inl ' J' -^^ «•»« possible above the
^« neeessary. "^ "^**»>^ ^'^^««« this plan is all that
"10 blood comes. Tl,o
place when tl,c „res
• «'"e i« to be „,,p,i, ,, i,
»etor of ,,,. b,„„,, ;^
2>>"'Sl if it i, of a
dark color and ,|„„,, ;
a steady stream, ii ,s
"«'«"«. a,,d press„,e
f °"'^' 1.0 n,ado upon
*''« wound. If if j^
bright red and con.es i„ ....... «,, „r ,t,
«^"-K;^;::^:-.;;-7""-,emade
»pon the wound or th« " *''^* ^•'«'il> is i.res^rvJ
«7t force to al«trr "' "'-^ »«->■' ^^
veno.,,, place a u!^"l!l T'"'^"" «" > the blond .-.
' " ""'"" '"" *'"""'; « ■•'rtcrial, place
»™m*!,) „''r'tcr"v 'W ".' '"•"" 'rom „
358
FIFTH READER.
it upon the course of the artery; then over the pad and
around the limb tie a piece of rope, cord, or handker-
^v chief, and beneath this insert
a piece of 8ticl<, and twist it
until the bleeding ceases.
(Fig. 2.) If the course of
the artery is unicnown to the
operator, omit tiie pad, and
proceed as above described
without it.
ShouUl it be necessary to
remove the patient to his
^'"- 2- * home or a hospital, do so
gently, and watch the v/ound closely. If any oozing
commences, increase the pressure. After reaching his
destination, keej) him quiet " till the doctor comes."
Fractured or Broken Bones, and what to do
WITH them.
Symptoms. — VUlxQw a bone is broken, a snap is gener-
ally felt or heard by the patient, followed by severe pain.
A fractured limb is shortened and deformed, and may
be moved in almost any direction, except when only one
bone of a ))air is broken. When moved, the broken ends
of the bone grate against each other. The'pojjular belief,
that there can be no fracture if the fingers or toes of the
limb can be moved, is erroneous. " Till the doctor comes,"
a broken bone sh<iuld be kept at rest, in an easy position.
But if the patient has to be moved, to be taken to a place
of shelter, his home, or a hos[)ital, it is necessary to
secure the fragments, in order to prevent their sliarp
ends tearing into tlie flesh, or penetrating the skin, and
thus adding to the fracture a dangerous complication.
To accomplish this, one parson will extend the limb
fie pad and
r handker-
this insert
id twist it
»g ceases.
course of
>wn to the
pad, and
described
cessary to
nt to his
al, do so
ny oozing
ichiiig his
omes.
mi THE nocTOR COMES.
>»
.T TO DO
p is gener-
vere pain,
and may
1 only one
iiken ends
liar belief,
oes of the
»r comes,"
' position,
to a })laee
essary to
eir sliarp
skin, and
ication.
the limb
f"'"^"" «<""" or wail'
ooat.' , and tie tl,e„, fi,.„.
y 'nound the limb witl,
''"".Ikerchiefc, ,h„„,,,^.^
'"•.''C08,,„eee8ofha,.„es,,
the fractured limb is a
'""''""f" it to the sound
o»-.andbothtoaboard
fi"d the ,,atie„t „,„„
l;e talcen to his destina-
t'on to await a suraoon's
attendance.
«'- a Wide cotU^7t;t'i:Xr '"« a-"nd the
Th h" Poisoned Bites
» co-d or handl.erchie7;- !:'"",'.'' ^ "•''•■«^-' ""/tZ
and twisting it (F,v :,"'?!' ''"'""'••■'''ovc the wound
^"tering thfge„l.atcrri .^'f '^ IrV'"""" «'<• '--n
S'-cko,] out, or destroyed bv a ,;. 1 ' •""■""" """"-'d !«.
red-hot iron, strong n,>,V ^j,?''' ''■'"'« '" the »o„r,d „
AS a precautionary measnr*^ h
- parcel of medieinel orXie';^'; -O;,hott., »«x.
--■---.:, MiiU ujll of
PlO. 3.
360
FIFTH READER.
the reach of children. In every case in which a poisom
oiis substance has been swallowed, induce free vomiting
with the least possible delay by tickling the back of the
mouth with a feather or finger, or by giving large quan-
tities of lukewarm water, containing a couple of tea-
spoonfuls of mustard .or common salt, and in addition
uso the following remedies.
Special Poisons.
AU acids^ such as sul-
phuric^ nitric^ dbc.
Potash^ lye, hartshorn.
Opium^ laudanum, par-
egorie, morphia.
Arsenic, rat poison,
parin-yreen, <&c.
Buy poison, corrosive
Siiblimate,
Tobacco.
Remedies.
Powdered chalk, lime
water, magnesia, soap-suds.
Vinegar diluted with
water, lemon-juice, sour
cider.
Prevent sleep for tw(;lve
or fourteen hours, keep the
patient walking, slap the
body briskly, give strong
tea and coffee.
Give milk and raw eggs
abundantly, lime-water, or
flour and water.
White of egg mixed
with water frequently, and
milk in the intervals.
Strong tea and cofft'c,
and hot applications to the
body and limbs.
Insensibility.
Persons become giddy and fall insensible from two
directly opposite causes.
First, A deficiency of blood in the brain, or fainting,
Indicated by death-like pallor, an<l a cold, clammy skin
a poisoriv
vomiting
ick of the
rge quan-
le of lea-
addition
Ik, lime
oajj-suds.
ed with
ce, sour
or twelve
keep tlie
slap the
e strong
raw eggs
w^ater, or
( mixed
ntly, and
als.
1 coiTcc,
ns to the
"■'" ''"^ DOCTOR COMBS.
rem two
fainting,
my skin
«'ffi'»It. ^yfimn ptiiftd, the breathing
Treatment T r.
-t- 1<, th.. ,..,„ "-ti„r"|X'-;;-^ "PPi. cole,
Tlies Burns awd Scalds.
"■^"'ve.I, even if tl.H "rof f • *■""""' "' ''"f^^" ■>
exclude the ai,-, ,„„ ,t ^ '"fp« "f ••.•"•|'«, anything to
pour on pientyV "1 :,:: '"''"'f ' «"« "-"o. ^ '
of -scalds, for the einde ..';,• '"' ''" ""•' «""'" "' case
m-;^' be eating into the "«;,,""'' "■'"^''' '" "'^ "'"'l.in^.
p;>Tstf::::/tt:n^^
hey will reauily fa|| .,ff tk ,o v >f"'"""""' "* """
"■"'«'! or scalded, for in 1^ I • , "'"' ""*<"'■' ""'■
J-ed "kin are often e „„«'•: -li '^^ '"""""^ of in-
feiui;.' is increase,? .,,,d ,h„ , ' V <oiw«iiie.K.e «„f.
™tton rags or cotton >.^'o| 1 "".'''".'''' "'« '"> «Pply
Hual parts „f linseed T-ilCT' '''"' "•■"'~" °'^
-;^k and water (eq,.„, ^Ll"," :" '""'r ^> ^ "■■ '^''""
b»king.scdatothequ,>».. o Ii'., .^ a teaspoonful of
862
FIFTH READER.
Fourth, Oive the patient no stimulant but hot cojfee
and milk " till the doctor comes."
J. W. McLaughlin, M. D.
Questions. — 1. How can you decide wluither blood is flow-
ing from an artery or a vein ? 2. In which case is the blood
coming from the heart? 3. Why should pressure be made
above the wound when blood come- in jets ? 4. Why should a
bleeding leg or arm be raised ? 5. How can you decide whether
a bone is broken or not ? 6. What should be done before the
doctor comes in case of a fracture ? 7. How may the pain of a
broken rib be relieved ? 8. What should be done innnediately
in case of a iK)isoned bite ? i). What special treatment should
be used In case of snake bites ? 10. Where shoxUd bottles con-
taining poison be kept? 11. What should be done as soon as
possible wheii poison has been swallowed ? 12. Name two easy
ways of causing vomiting. 13. Give the two causes gf insen-
sibility, and tell how to act in such cases. 14. How wouhl you
put out the fire in a person's clothing ? 15. Why is it dangerous
to take off the clothing in the ordinary way in case of bums
or scalds ?
CANADIAN CONFEDERATION.
Alle'Kianoe, duty to a gorem-
inent.
Bond'ed goods, goo(is passed free
of duty through one country,
intended for use in another.
Oab'inet, the ininiHtry or advisers
of the Crown.
Fed'eral U'nion,aunionwithone
supreme government Uj attend
to the interests of the country
as a wliole, but witli local
l^islatnres to doal with the
questions atfeeting the indi-
Tidual provinces or st^ttes
formiug the uuion.
Has^ardous, full of risks.
Le'jsislative U'nion, a union
without provision for local
parliaments.
Iiin'eaffe. desceut, family.
Negotia tiona, treaties.
Omnia'oienoe, boundless kitowl-
odge, (Jod.
Probabil'ities, chances.
Reoipro'oity Treaty, a treaty
l)etw('eii the Untted .States and
Canadtt for the free inter-
change of the prtKluctlons of
t>otli countries ; made in ltJ54,
repealed in 1866.
I. If we wish to be a great people ; if we wish to form
» gi'eat natiouality, eommandiiig the respect of tbe world.
M.D.
CANADIAN CONFEDERATION geg
the five Prov incerbel li '" '"'^'' '""'"""' P™l"« "f
and lineage, if ^\^ht"'°n''"'^' "^ "" ""'"•-■ '''""''
sion and attack ,.• I'"* '"''•""■' "Sainst acfgres.
-posing bSVo .rSa"'1 ^O^"" ^'"'™-^''
for, of the scheme i, fitted to b„g witlTirir""^ '"""•
probat on. If we nm „„. 1 1- . *' ' " "* '>«'" ap-
we must see hTlmar '•' '° "" ''""«'"» r>oml\J„,
great interests oSaTan^dT'"" '" "'""'' "" '"«
States. I am no ^h t ! . , 1 '*'''"^' '" *'"' United
pect of ■^zztzy'i^:d^ir''''--
- sense of the two nitmr.J \,7"®^® that the common
cannot trust trprSitTe" "rh?' " "■"•' '"" ''«
legislature would bo waM ' !„ , J"^" So^"™""™' and
if they ran any risk TTS f "' ''"'^ '^ ">« people
at this momm 1 e„t, , *"" """ "■" ^'"">'l States
«ions, _ tlTa the LT^i '" " """ "^ *'"""""'" ''"•«^^'-
again and alin ^TsTn ", ,' '"'' '""' ''"•'" ""^^i" •-
ture again IC W^' ' 'T '" ""^ '""^ '" "«' f"'
-ultf v.::Z;,t2;~^°7- what may be the
mea„resZ"t^„'L^, "*''■■ '""' r""""""^' '" "'"'k"'
Hons fo^ait?^::z:;r pr- ::^: xn'-
whieh n„„.X !?.. :'"'.' .'.'"- '^"■'«'' »*■««». - a foefiuLr of
• ==, —■"•■■- 'n*cau«e,_ in consequence of the
'^f^' *■■
d64
FlFTIt HEADER.
irritation which now exists, owing to the unhappy state
of affaire on this continent, the Reciprocity Treaty, it
seems probable, is about to be brought to an end; our
trade is hampered by the passport system, and at any
moment we may be deprived of permission to carry our
goods through United States chnnnels; the bonded
goods system nuiy be done away with, and the winter
trade througli the United States put an end to. Our
merchants may be obliged to return to the old system of
bringing in during the summer months tlie supplies for
the whole year. b. With ourselves already threatened,
with our tra<le interrupted, with our intercourse, politi-
cal and commercial) destroyed, if we do not take warn-
ing now, when we have the opportunity, and, while one
avenue is threatened to be closed, open another by taking
advantage of the present arrangement » and the desire
of the Lower Provinces to draw closer the alliance be-
tween us, we may suffer commercial and political disad-
vantages that it may take long for us to overcome, a.
The Conference having come to the conclusion that a
legislative union, pure and simple, was impracticable,
our next attempt was to form a government upon fed-
eral principles, which would give to^the general gov-
ernment the strength of a legislative and administrative
union, while at the same time it preserved that liberty
of action for the different sections which is allowed by
a federal union. And I am strong in the belief that
we have hit upon the happy medium in those resolutions,
and that we have foi-med a scheme of government which
unites the advantages of both, giving us the strength
of a legislative union and the sectional freedom of a
federal union, with protection to local interests. 7. In
the first place, by a resolution which meets with the uni-
versal approval ot the people of this country, we have
destiny of this fomitrv f'l, ^ *'" '* *''"
can legislate, wo ..rovide tlrit ft ii , ' "" ''" "« "'"
<.t>..o8t i»,,,„,.ta,K.o to hLfh^ •""."""■ " '' "f "'"
that wo shin J™;;:4^ '';""?•>« --g-i-l. «o
'•egion of paitv -to wL^ ^^ • " '''•''™'' '»'"'*''-■ the
"Ot elevat'ed by tie I Z o '""■"" ''""'"''•- ''''° '»
hy tho action oVaLther-Xirthr """ '"""•'''«'"
and sovereign of all « Fn ♦!.« .'^ ^"® ^o^n^ion head
continno tlfe .^n f ostX"::!"'" '^^ "■"'-« »"
has existed in this Provinc^f^i, 'o if^r"";'""' ''''''■'>
'ong prevailed in the notho :„,''' "l.T'-'' '-
sovero gn, or in thiH ,.„„„. .■ ^""""y- With us the
"ovoreiln ean a ::rX''" ,"'''"'■7^'^'' "^ '""
those ministers bein^ L," „,» r';'"? "' ''« "''"'■"•■•■■s,
I'arlian,ent. One ~ ^ ! ' "'" '"'"P'" "'™"Kh
vanco towards independence S?! ' " '" "" "*
that the very fact of'o,^ f^„;i„:^° '•"' "'" m"eh.usho
the time when we sha e s :!rerf:"""'.r"' '"'^"'"
country. I have no ant„.„I, ."T """^ ""^' '""thcr
it will Lve tircr.' .;trt " f ;';r,!<'--'- . ^ '->--
e.-ow stronger, that as it i7fcit in f"„ T",""" "' *"
become a people, able frn,„ ! England we have
Populatio,!, and Vh dt" olVT?' "•"■ ''""'^'^' »'"•
take our position amonl ,. r . "" '■"'"'"'•™' '"
will be le^s willi„; "o "L" " r'""rf "!•-' -•'-'. «ho
'■» VVucu H
'"»ir to part with lis th
VSJtiJU 00
o -" t'... V niui US t.hnn sh^ 1 -i .
--broken up into a „„„y;:Vi;;;-^
I
866
FIFTH HEADER.
cant colonies, subject to attack piecemeal without any
concerte<l action or comnion organization of defence.
When tiiis union taken place, w»i .;h:»il be at the outset
no inconsiderable people. We Hud oui-selves with a
population approaching four millions of souls. 8uch
Ji poj)ulation in Europe would nuike a second, or at
least a third, rate power, lo. And with r:ipidly increasing
numbers, — for I am satisHed that under tliis union our
population will increase in a still greater ratio than ever
iHjfore, — with increased credit, with a higher positit.u
in the eyes of Europe, with the increased security we
can offer to emigrants, who would naturally prefer to
seek a new honu; in what is known to them as a great
country than in any one little colony or another, — with
all this, I am satisfied that, great as has been our increase
in the last twenty-five years since the union between
Upper and Lower Canada, our future progress durin-
the next quarter of a century will be vastly greater.
And when, by means of this rajjid increase, we become
a nation of eight or nine rvMions of inhabitants, our
alliance will be worthy of ' vn r scight by the great
nations of the earth, u. T u.i jiroud to believe that our
desire for a permanent ailin^icfj will be reciprocated in
England. I know that there is a party in England— but
it is inconsiderable in numbers, though strong in intellect
and })ower— which speaks of the desirability of getting
rid of the colonies ; but I believe such is not the feeling
of the statesmen and the people of England. I believe it
will never be the deliberately expressed determination of
the government of Great Britain. The colonies are now
in a transition state. Gradually a different colonial sys-
tem is ])eing developed — and it will become, year by
year, less a case of dependence on our part and of over-
ruling protection oa the part of the mother country.
CANADIAN CONFEDERA TTON
867
test„f„,.„J;,.Jw, :;■■'■ ";' ;>.;;'l. i» the «,..„.,
mcountn, • liko Eno-In.wi . . "^V ^*'^^'*' '"'^ >t w onfv
-t,-. a„J ™fe irot f, 'i r.r:.'? "'"""■'"" ""^
of an u.,l„.i,lle,, den.ocrL t " ,""«''-' *" ""•
the B.iti., K.p.::i?:t;r;;;;';;::-:,^^^^^
free inst tut ons of ♦!, i • i <xain|)le ot her
of l.or »tf ; U":,^ ;'»"-'»■:'' ;>f tl-c'eharaeter
Io..i,latio„, and "hoi : h "r""'."' '"-• '"'fi'r "f h«r
eonnecJn ^^iZj^tZZf T
similar to thL whid' .I. ■'''''''''''-"'' ^^ '"""il'lo'
These, alth„„.h,7ot„',r-";"V''" ''"'"'"""" '" ''" "e.
you can mal^; ;ViZ "^''f ^"r-'*' ''""«"'. "f whioh
overwhelming "va 1^, ••"':•"'"''""• '«« "f «"eh
standing a, al.antir,.*'" '"""■'= "'""•*««« and
the people of .hie eo„„ J, a.^irL'S ""^
^ ^^ NOTE. *"••'''*« ^- ^^«-W,/.
thc'soutWnltS/li'-S' ol'^'"'''" "^^ ^^«rth«™ and
war between Great Brit^ * and t^TT"'^ '^*' threatened
forcible removal of two t' uh ''. ^"''^^ States was the
thehlffh--a.*- -_r.^_«"fh«'-ners from a Brif.iah «.^, "*
-v r, uaicea States man-of-war. " " '"' '""
if
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
1.0
I.I
1.25
m 118
116
143
US
3.2
3.6
4.0
1.4
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
A /APPLIED IIVMGE Inc
1653 East Main Street
Rochester, New York 14609
(716) 482 -0300- Phone
(716) 288- 5989 -Fox
USA
368
FIFTH READER.
AMERICAN FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL
Part ot' an Address delivered at the first anniversary of the Canadiar
Antislavery Society in Toronto, March, 1852. Fortunately the law so
strongly condemned does not now exist in the United States.
1. I recollect when I was a very young man I used to
think that, if I had ever to speak before such an audi-
ence as this, I would choose African Slavery as my
theme, before any other topic. Tiie subject seemed to
afford the widest scope for rhetoric, and for fervid
appeals to the best of human sympathies. These
thoughts, sir, arose j far from here, while slavery was a
thing at a distance, while the horrors of the system
were unrealized, while the mind received it as a tale
and discussed it as a principle. 2. But when you have
mingled with the thing itself, when you have encoun-
tered the atrocities of the system, when you have seen
three millions of human beings held as chattels by their
Christian countrymen, when you have soon the free
institutions, the free press, and the free pulpit of America
linked in the unrighteous task of upholding the traffic,
— when you have realized the manacle and the lash
and the slot-hound, — you think no more of rhetoric.
Tke mind stands appalled at the monstrous iniquity ;
mere words lose their meaning, and facts, cold facts,
are felt to be the only fit argument. 3. I am to speak
of the Fugitive Slave Bill of 1851, and if we search the
statute-books of the world, I know not where we shall
find its parallel. Let me recite the provisions of this
infamous enactment. In the first place, it enabled the
slaveholder or his agent to seize his " chattel " wherever
he found him, without any warrant. You cannot arrest
a criminal of the deej^est dye without a warrant, but a
AAfKRlCAN FUGITTVE SLA VE BILL 369
seized at any moment without any form of law In th«
next ,> ace thi. law forbids the freemen of the No h
ot liberty ! P„„,sh a man as a criminal, in the American
TeChL t7b"f "e sympathizes with a bonclsmr^
of fh- K „ " . "^^ • '■ ^"°"'«'' --emarkable feature
the f! . 1 •" *^'''"" ••"'"""•'fy. ■■•"'I Handed over to
the Federal officers. The slav-eholdei-s felt that H ei
lol^- t^r I," '■'""*"- '"« "•-' i» "'« hand f .
lookmg to Washington for their orders. The United
States Marshals ,vere made the chief man-catchero
t^.e,r «,spect,ve districts, - the United States tW
bill. And these function.aries are bound bv the sever
est penalties to carry out the law. c. In all oth r ctses
held "■■ ""'"'"Kf ' *""*' ■™'' ""-er public office,^ re
held responsiWe only for their fidelity and diligence •
vTi'^'.*^''*'"'^"^"'™''^"' 'oP-nirf' a man for that
^'h,c , he did not do .and could not avert. Then aAi'n
the bdl compels the free Northerners to turn Xt
theb.ddmgof any Southern miscreant who "lain , a
h.m down hke a beast of prey, and sending him back
to bondage. Let not Northerners speak of the r ^^
States a ter this: they have no free States. The ^ u
the most degrading of slavery. Professing to ZZ
the a rocous system, for the sake of their dollars IhZ
necks, they allow their free homesteads to be made
the huntmg-ground of the m.an^tealer. «. The b jd
villany of the South is not half so revolting as he dt
picable subserviency of the North. Tell me no mo.:
"^ }om aet. .Northern States. Did the true spirit'of
?.ro
FJFTII READER.
Bi^
IV.
V))orty ex'..4t, an enactment such as this would be laughed
l^ scorn, and an attempt to carry it out would rouse a
fueling at the North which would shake the foundations
)f the "peculiar institution." No, the full guilt of
^he law rests upon the North. Labored arguments are
.'onstantly coming from evangelical Northern pulpits
>>alliating the system, — nice criticisms on God's law in
regard to it ; but for my part I cannot listen to such
arguments; I sweep aside all such theological humbug
»nd find a solution of the whole question ir- the grand
Christian rule, " Do as you would be done by^^
7. The question is often put. What have we in Canada
^o do with American slavery V Sir, we have every thing
to do with it. It is a question of humanity, and no
man has a right to refuse liis aid, whatever it may be,
in ameliorating the woes of his fellow-man. It is a
question of Christianity, and ao Christian can have a
pure conscience who hesitates to lift his voice against
a system which, under the sanction of a Christian altar,
«5et8 at defiance every principle of Christianity. We
have to do with it on the score of self-protection. The
leprosy of the atrocious system affects all around it ; it
leavens the thoughts, the feelings, the institutions, of
"Vhe people who touch it. It is a barrier to the spread
■of liberal principles, a Who can talk gravely of lib-
*irty and equality in the States, while slavery exists ?
Every intelligent American who professes to be a Chris-
tian and upholds slavery, is committed to a glaring infi-
delity which must lead him continually astray, in
trying to square with it his every-day conduct. We
are alongside of this great evil; our people mingle
with it; we are affected by it now, and every day
enhances the evil. In self-protection, then, we are bound
to use every effort for its abolition, that our neonle mav
be laughe.l
i)d rouse a
)undation8
11 guilt of
iraents are
rn pulpits
hVs law in
;n to such
il humbug
the grand
•
in Canada
iverything
y, and no
it may be,
It is a
an have a
le agaiiist
tian altar,
lity. We
ion. The
und it ; it
:utionSy of
;he spread
ely of lib-
ry exists ?
>e a Chxis-
aring infi-
astray, in
uct. We
ie mingle
jvery day
are bound
30Dle mav
AMBRKAX FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL. 371
are Americans; on ,.s a, weu":': "^,,„ ^:Z'Z
"I P""^«'^'»g tl'e l,„nor of thi, continent O , u.^ on
at Furol'^^ °- '"'"'■" '^''''"'^'- "'''» "i^t look.
Inland yet left to uphold the fli,.r of freedom
can reflect without en-otlon that the gre.at .publ;^
^"TT"""'!- '''''''"'"' mSrebas:!;:' ' :;
ot e, .„. How cru.sh,ngly the upholders of tvrannv in
o i>er lands mu=t turn on the friends of liberty ! Look at
nen to be born free and equal, and keepin<r nearly four
are a,i.e in the e;^of 110? ^ ir Tt'bj s:" Za
n IS our duty to raise our voices a^ freemen a'ain^tf
liberty, i, Our neighbors are wont to boast that mo,,
archy w,I be swept from this continent: our el t"
bo that slavery shall be driven from it ihJT
shall herefind not a foothold" or otheveryZ" of
Of Ireland, anf ^sk^h^ ftisC ^r," ^^"Z
l^T'ZT^'"'':-'''' ^'"""« ""^rty'forLll-fS
Biavei^ and observe his answer. Ke will resent vonr
h£^:t si ""f "• "•" '^" ^"" *-^' y- -y feed
:,n ' '"'V°/°" '^° '"'"■■ ^'"'"""^ «■«' they are horses
»t.n; and thst liberty to a Briton. noor^,nd ..rll!!
.uougn ue be. is liberty still. ' ««. „^;, „;,;;; ^
SJ
372
FIFTH READER.
GEMS FROM GREAT AUTHORS.
An educated man stands, as it were, in the midst of
a boundless arsenal and magazine, filled with all the
weapons and engines which man's skill has been able
to devise, from the earliest time ; and he works, accord-
ingly, with a strength borrowed from all past ages.
Carliile.
First I would have thee cherish truth,
As leading star in virtue's train ;
Folly may pass, nor tarnish youth,
But falsehood leaves a stain. EUza cook.
Allowing the performance of an honorable action to
be attended with labor, the labor is soon over, but the
honor is immortal : whereas, should even pleasure wait
on the commission of what is dishonorable, the pleasure
is soon gone, but the dishonor is eternal. Stewart.
The drying up a single tear has more
Of honest fame, than shedding seas of gore.
Byron.
He prayeth best, who loveth best
All things, both great and small ;
For the dear God who loveth us,
He made and loveth all. . Coleridge.
A man^ is not to be relieved as your horse or dog
may be ; it must be done with a sentiment of respect.
I would that a man should be pained by having a fellow-
being approach him in the humble attitude of a beggar.
I would that a flush of ingenuous and sympathizing
flhame should overspread the brow of the giver. J)ewep.
GEMS FROM ORE AT AUTHORS.
Ah ! as I listeued with a heart forK .•„,
The pulses of my being bent miew ,
And eyeu as life returas upon the drowned
L.fe's joy rekindling roused a throng oTpal'ns —
Keen pangs of Love, awakening as a babe '
Turbulent, with an outcry in the heart;
And fears self-willed, that shunned the eye of ho.ie •
And hope that scarce would know itself fron. foar
hense of past youth, and manhood co„,e in vain
And genius given and knowledge won in "Z
And a which I had culled in wood-walks i ^,',
And all which patient toil had reared, and all
Commune w,th thee had opened out. iut flowers
btrewed on my corse, for the selfsame grave
Coletidffe.
For if there be a human tear
From passion's dross refined and clear,
1 18 that which pious parents shed
L^pon a duteous daughter's head. scoa.
Jt "22^ ^^i^r^^^fi- P-e. which can-
® ■ Spectator.
No entertainment is so cheap as readincr .,^
pleasure so lasting. ^. '''^'"^^' "^^ ^"^
Montague.
Love Virtue: she alone is free;
She can teach ye how to cHmb'
Higher than the sphery chime:
Or it Virtue feeble were
Heaven itself would stoop to her. MiUon.
873
!>• ij
"'jw^gy
ah' *
h'' i
'jV
374
i^/Fr// READER.
FOREIGN ELEMENTS IN THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE.
NonMAN-FlCENCH AND LATIN.
f ) ^* J^1 Northmen or Normans M'ere warriors who came from
the Nor h of Europe, or Scandinavia. Pressing always farthe
nch vai ey ot the Seine, which tliey wrested from its msses
was cal ed the G a, ir,er, because he was so tall that the small
t L'; n ' '''''^ ^"^' '^'■^"S Northmen broughf^Tith
them their own rough Norwegian or Norsk speech; but after
settling m the valley of the Seine, which took fro.inhem its
nanie of Normandy, they gradually dropped thei o n an
was^mr?''""'^ "1 ^^"''' "' "^'"S ^'•«"^'^- «"t this F ench
was not the same as that which we now find in French books
court ^f'.!;f^^^'^^t^«Co"f«^«sorwas educatedat thisxNorman
court, -at the court of the Duke of Normandy; and on his
ZnZnll r ''"^^"^' "^r""' ^" '^^^' '- introducecUirNo"
n an-French language and manners into his own English court
at Westminster. Then, in 1066, Duke William of Sandi
who declared that Edward had appointed him heir o tircZn'
came over to England, fought the battle of Senlac 01 Hast^^^^
defeatea Harold, and put his Normans in possessiok of 'he lan'd'
and ot eveiy important office in church and state. WUh his
Normans he also introduced Norman-French. 4. Tl is language
became the language of all courts of law in England orfll
military affairs, of the higher priests in the ClLtf "ts al'"
teir lS.: f 1 ^'^ '", "^"^^ "^^^ compelled'to tZs?^^^:
their Ldtm into and to speak in. This state of things lasted for
nearly three hundred years, -from 1066 till 1362,- wSen Edward
Engnrt Buf: permitting cases in court to be"d n
wf , """"^ "'^'^ ^^'"^^ '^"^dred years Englishmen
liad been learning and using a large number of French woX^
and thus many of these words took a place in our language and
have remamed with us. Even country people tried fopTck up
^LISH
^ame from
ys farther
:i70, to tho
ts posses-
tollo, wlio
the small
ijed upon
ughfivith
hut after
them its
own Ian-
is French
;h books,
Norman-
i Norman
d on his
the Nor-
Ish court
*-niandy,
e crown,
lastings,
.he land,
>Vith his
anguage
d, of all
was also
iranslate
isted for
Edward
■aded in
lishmen
I words;
ige, and
pick up
FOREIGN ELEMENTS IN ENGLISH. 375
'^oZl::t^':-f^ Z^^ ^^^ ^speke French for
tongue large numbers o Norrn p^^^^^^^^^^
words, as has already been sai^l T.vo ??. ^'''''^'' ^- '^'^^se
"ot spelled in the same way -^t ZlTv''' f""^^ form-are
from the Latin pomdulLhtX ^'""'^^ ^^'•''«- Thus,
J'o^^uZa^/on, and oXXnetCir;" T"^^ ^^^"^«'-
in Parisian French is peu2- whifeT p '"'^^'"^'^' ^»»«h
was in Norman-French w men ^t ^f'"" ^'^"^^^ ^''^^''^^
^e...>-and hence our w™;!""^^^^^^^^^ '''''' ^'^^ -bitten
certain words, Norman-French pefers an toT''' ''' '"''' ^"
and an e to an 0. P^eurs an to a u, an r to an s,
theVlrln^rnctifv^er^S^ ^^ °- ^-^-ge by
The Simple won" or oSrf^^^^^^^ -" worthy of 'note'
/i^«r.en; .A:y, sun, moon, and L«''. tut ? "'"'' ^"^"^^' ^^^«
neHc) names: :i^:(-;:rr:f;,t;'F^ r r ^- ^-^
objects, as pa/aU .aS t^tr^'^S ' a' '^ ^ '^^ ^^^"^-
is not a single French name or anr/i ' "'^^''^^^h- Tliere
ture, -plough, harrow, spadl ilau\^f ^^^^''"^ '" ^S^'^"''
English. The names forte sii^pV^iTefo^fT"' ^" ^"^^
lish, as wjoo/^eu shirt hoa,1 hnt>,fl °^ ^^^^^ ^^^ Eng>
and the higher terms^rextl^"^^^^^^^^^ '"^ ^^^ ^^«^-'^
co5««me, annor, mail, and fa^r Q w k ^\^«^^^«<' ^^^««.
in -Ivanhoe," Notice that wL iJ^^^^\'^' country clown
they have English or Saxon nil I ? ™^'' "^^ ^^^ ^^^ alive
up at table thfy take fineNor^r' "' ^^^"^ "^^^ ^''« ^^''veci
and mutton, ol and Lef ITTn r^^'f ' . '^^"^ ^^ ^^^« «^«^i>
names of things about a shin ^ ' ^^^^^and pu//e^ The
mast-^re all English- I^ZT V"'^' ''"''' ^^^"^' «^«-'^' ^^^*»
only one, the significant name or.^"""""-^''^"^^ contributed
Norman-French invader mTvll ^^-''"^ ''"'^^ «" ^^'^"^^^ "^e
eyes the land he "Tabout to ."""^'"'^ ^''°"""S ^^"^ his
well-known names orelXare'allEn'r f ' ''^ """P'^^ ^"^
-•«^er, 6ro.Ae., .on, and CCrwhilf^^-^f^'n "''''"'
consort, ancestors and othnro J •/^'""y. wnc^e, aun«,
^ank are English if the d!Init ' ''"'^' '^^^ "''«« °^ high
s"sn, It the dignities existed amoni. Uia iPr-i'-*-
876
'^'m HEADE]^
peer, es,„un; a.ul many othe-s are Fri?.h a '"''' '^'^'"'^^'
that are nam.s of state only 2 is IW h t. '^' "'.^' """'^^
of great importance, -A^/^r/rfoT- hnf ' "^''' """' ''"^ ^«
-Hler tl.eir rule tl'.at thesf t ing" aLnrwUh .7"" '' "^'^
were introduced. ^ ' ^ ^*^'' '''*^"' names,
11. The faotJhat an KnirJish u-.w.i »,„.
sion in two different wayT^- first "^v t u T" ''''V'' ^'''"
(or Latin at se'-ond-l.and T ?> ^, Gorman-French gate
.ate (or Latin atll^, ^ i^^ ^^-'^ ^X ^he L^tin
non of i DOUBLETS or Uy-foumJ 'n ! ° ^''^^ plienome-
As different forms of tl e I aMn^, / " ""i" ^'"''•^"'"^ ^'"'/«««
•nt words. Thus also t "afe/l ""' ' '*^^'' ""' "'^^' ''^^^--
Latin. ' j^ ,
Benedictionem
Captivus
Conceptionem
Defectus
Exemplum
Factum
Factionem
Fabrica
Fragilis
Legal is
Pnngentem
Kegalis
Senior
Separare
Traditionem
Benediction
Captive
Conception
Defect
Example
Fact
Faction
Fabric
Fragile
Legal
Pungent
Regal
Senior
Separate
Tradition
L.« (or N.'.fK)
Ben i son
Caitiff
Conceit
Defeat
Saujple
Feat
Fashion
Forge
Frail
Loyal *
Poignant
Koyal
Sir
Sever
Treason
The following is a list of the most important
NORMAN-FRENCH WORDS *
WITH SOME EXPX.ANATIOX OP THEIK DEmVATIOXS.
* A few ordinary French words have been mixed with then.
FOSEIGAT ELEMENTS m ENGLISH. 877
lost It; b„t It .Xainttr; ""'''•"f '"■'■• '''»l«). """■««
tlngton and hi. Cat." VI Ittir, V" "'" '""■' "' " ^1.11-
".ado himself rich by hi, Se '-'^ta''. '" n *'''^'''' "' f-""-.
commerce. '^' """ "' '''» purchases, or his
-X^nSri^gtiaT TlnstlT""'^'- ^■™" "-nch
(4) Anooator, from O d pt ,'"''•'"''•"■'"''»■• »
'rom Uti„ „„.„r, ?';r tU'Xtf!^"'-'' «-*'-).
p4'«t^Trle'"rar''?L.*„"'''''-°^'''T'- '"■" i"- !■««,„ „,.
quiUj). """ """'" i"-"/'^. "euce English propH,.
EngWsh meant a landing o Hi,, Th,! 71''' """»-'" O'''
ta the fourteenth ce„t„,y^ saysTf'lL knight'''""'^''' '^"" '""'
[The D in w„f .""? " °°'"'' '"•'^'■'' '""• '» '"■en-"
llp-«eS'o"rXM "'""''"" """ " '" «-■-' "<>"• being
bou, am arrow,, carried by thesefvanf ^H"' f.'""- '"'• «' "'«
arUUerv. servant of Jonathan, are called
«i'i?fr„'L;t!™:eir"*trTitr'' '"•■" ^°" '">"" ««-
word is French with ariSL';^,: t^ '" """' "'■ '^''«
f- iriS'ntr " rS" 'r^! '^--. 'o Orink);
drinking. ^ <^*''" ^'^^''e, to drink), to keep
co2,i^: ,Frm*„^:r:; r™ ^"" *'•'• '•"- »»<>
'■ ■) Ca.e, French c ; TL^e f^rr'r' ' ''""■"•°"' ''«•>
(12) Canal, French c„,„/ 5 •/"""■"• '"^»''«-
water-pipe, fr;m ZLTti" X/n [h"' """'"r """"''• »
come «»»!o« and c/m„„e/ uf. 1... T . '™"' ^"n ""rd
doublet of canal. ' ^ """"■ «" »'"«•' '» » by-form or
nJ,!sl f^mS/ciri.S^^^'atm't,""^ ^''"" «"""'■
capital.) ^ ' "^'*''' ' * '^♦'"^ tlie same word comes
878
FIFTH READER.
(14) Chamber, French rhamhrr t^r.^ r u
"•M of » Ju,lg„ „„™ .uf people wt^^ a d calittf 7"'^
century a military oxnodiZ nn I. . ^^ ^" *^^ fourteet^th
vaucMe; hencr nrobl^ hv T ^^?«»'^'^'' ^^s called a^..-
Chase. Vrhere%sToS;pYac:Th.^:r ^^^
as Chevy Chase. ) ^ ""' *" ^'"S'^"^ o*" Scotland
(18) Damsel. French demoiselle a Wm^ lo i *
.(a™.,- from Latin ,lo,„ina, . ady The S ■^"' ,'^'''"'-'"
my lady, became In French maZL , , i ,?','" "'™ "'<""'««.
l.aa bee„pare,i down t^m "yZ";:'^ ^Sf' """',"' """^ "
letter, have been cut down in p':'<:e':-ot liT to^rr" "' "'"
do'mhlioTo?";!:"1 *s; '["'" '-7 ^''"" *'«'""»•'•"»'
Thus the phrase went "TirdiL? f.""""' '"'""" P»«"^'-
In "The Merchant of Ve^tfe " I^ y ^ "editor', rfawer. "
(21) Fay, Norman-French form of Frpnoi, tp^. *
recalled; tromTc^/tZ^'^\^"'« »?<*«' ""I -ot to be
/«.e (=ta. about'aVC .^1:^ .Z'/P.^t'
J-^OJiEIGN ELEMENTS IN ENGLISH. 879
does not therefo e ree/saH,^;^ "'/'"""• ^^-^^^-^
beasts are not shul in- a r^lrlT, . . ^ f ^ '^''*"'« ^''« «"'»
In.") "• * ^'''^ (parcua), where they are shut
(24) Frank, French franc (roo /Ti.n..
of Germans, caUod by Sar fL ^^'^"'^^^« ^ powerful tribe
and gave the na/ne of Z. J/To T't ' T'" ''""'^"' ^''""
been given to the nianlv m a v J "'''' "^•"*' '''-^^ «'«o
right and freedon of Lt ni ^r «P«nness,/mnA:,- and to the
chise:^^ ""^ '"^'"^' /ranc/i/«e. Hence also er^ran-
gradually vanished. ) "'^^P'ace. (The guttural hard c has
have never been able U^'frfZjl » ""ZT'^T"' •^'"P"'
(27) Oawky, from French gauche, left hand f l „. i
son IS one who uses his ritrht hand ..iV w 1 *^*"''5' l^'"-
ftenoh say of an En,>n hmn X "1^7™ ,'''' »"• ''"'■<-■
l.a..ds, and all hi, fingers are thumbs.-.,^"' "" "*""' '''' ""'
before his lord/piardTh I ;^d^M*rj- T''r'''^»' *■■'''' <"»"«
Ws lord, and salS, "1 ^:J:::fo^:i^Z-'T *' "'"'" °'
same ,«it. iL keener^f I ; , "' *" '""' "" "" ''»■» "»
changed into o to.) ""^ """" "'" ^''"""•- »»»
380
FIFTH HEAVER.
(The guttural c has vanished. ) ^^'^nicet. Latin gaudia.
(31) Journey, from French iour a d«v. f. r
«/ourisdeuvedfromtheLatinS'andv?fV/ • ^^"" ^^■^*-
m tl,e one that is in the other. tL 2' a rj-'' ""V"'''
diitrnu8, daily; Jam flike Tfalmn • ^ are (^tes; adjective,
From the sanfe^oUu^^^^^^^^^^ " day);jor,.,W.
^ (33, i^eisure, No^-zCer ;r ^rr ^ f r '"'•
Latin liccre, to be lawful („„t to wrk) °^*'' '""»
.af \'.^r^;^X2irntor 'So--^^ -o
form ™ fe„(, still ,d„„„ i„ Scotland „'^'''' N^^^n-Prencl.
n,an*e„ch real (hence «ate SLS -3 T,-," "^""^
fealty.) ' ^^ni real), una fidelity was
(85) Managre, from French jwenar/P " ,,^
horse "; Old French mes»««P«n^^' government of a
the hand. '""^' ^"^ m«t.na^e; from Latin mant.«,
(37) Marquis (or Maroiw-^) ni,i u v uamraer.
Latin marcften*, a^o^r" o" ''sS ov^"?'"""?*'' ' "■»«' Low
tbe En,pi,* in the' time of CI a itZe. ,11^ '' 7 """" "'
;»«rt 1, not to be confounded w uSrc-, S T,"""".!' "■•
Z^en^ar*, the Inr^^f^Xntrand^:™? °' ""^'■>-'
tormeny^inuster, aZa'iim o'L^nT "" """''""'
(39) Mayor, a French form of fli^ t Qfi«
,— , .eat. ,Xh. ha. ^ rj^^^SranS' S
wort used In arithmetic ,°U !« „, ""'• '''''"' I""i"
; a diminu-
•tin gaudia.
Latin dies.
not a letter
adjective,
jour. )
lor
lies, from
U or law).
">); from
wording to
an-French
IS in ]Sror-
lelity was
mt of a
n manus,
the feet;
hammer.
rom Low
limits of
narch or
really a
Btme als«
e Finns,
; Lati>
linisterf
T, from
d then
In min,'
Latin
rwards
1
PORETGK ELEMENTS IN ENGLISH. 381
Old EngUsh S;' I '"'^"''' ■" '" '*"""«•- '^»">
wfd'eri vert «™,'''' '"'""'1' ""'•'"''"• '^o- P""^"" »«™»i.
be derived from he ?»^ I'"' " ™» mistakenly supposed to
henee to mZ git t," The"",'' *'"''•' "" "^""^ "'•'' "»''
compared with n„r ,? T '•"PPing of the n may be
o>;s°,Trm[z„tJ«asr'' '"■-™ -»-
oit? (°:de"T;e„Tl"wW "L '"'«"'"^.'™- O'" >?-*
*e same root eomT^X'^trUh' ,!;:i,:-S.,er"
<B^'<^raVr.<r^rt*v .'at Ltfc„: st
Emperor Augustus on the Mons Pa ati?«s one Ifl ^
ofaroSTV ^"'' ^^^ ^"'«««» "XU ro°m t fe nir
pei?e'(^L^l';7ef^'"ThrL''»' '?" ^^"■'^«''™. 'o "ring to
.._..T^. *?*'""• 'he guttural ograduallvvanl»h~l ''r>..
382
FIFTH READER.
DatS-H^Z-'v'™'", '*''™»-F'-«id' Peasnn (modern French
French Jn; *e v„ gar'oS etc (Z''' "V" """"'' "■""■
pagan, a, Christianfty wrftrprJcItdTn^n" ""I' *'"'''
(61) Perfume, from French par/urn- from Tn«n <■
smoke. From the same root com'l/C;, J^™ .^^ ''"'"'"'
hand from the LaLXtld 'Ja'^rir ''"^' "' "'''
J^p^l'l^LlroftSTdo^-Lr^^^^^^
pmltl^Tridfr"" "™'*'- '-o* ^"'■' O^"^"^"' Latin
(56) Prowess, from French prouesse; Latin «ro6«s ^ond
inaTr:ri^v;:^-;r^-^^^--^
pliS X'l^'v/'''"' ^''"'^ ^"^'•^"^' I^^^i" 9««''^-^«. a com-
plaint. (From the same root comes querulous. )
catfi.^ro'^uarT ^iZrf'T'' ''''''' ^"^^^^^^" ^--^'
9wa«„oV four /Thu , 9««^'-«^^, tp square; from Latin
.,. ,,^.jj, ^„5-.. j^^.„ ^_ j^.^ .^^^j -^^^^ ^^^ down.)
i
era French
eivftn t.n
FOREIGN ELEMENTS ,N ENGllsff. 333
witlUhe purel^EnS; verb rlr:, "!"•'' T "^ ™»"»'n««l
Of rise, an., coLe<fed XSIi * 'i?'"'"™ " ■""""''
wo,J l,as no connect 0,1 withT ' '"'''"'■''"'. etc. This
and mistaken spel ,W .»' I S"'7'"* '' ™"' » '"""P'
above.) ' ° ' '°°"'"' '™"n Low Latin sttperaneus,
retention, retentive! ete """ "'°'''' «'""* «'«'».
same word givi Jr„:™S!;, Z.^et '■°"'' * "''^^'- ™«
r. rH^deTat :.:*b rrrs {~" :s
road for the king.) ongmally Boute au Eoi = the
(64) Sage, French saoe, wise- Tat!« «
to be wise. From the same mn. '""^'"^^^ *« **«^^' '>r
sapor), ^^""^ ^°«^ «on»e «a»or, savory (Latin
(65) Salary, from French aalatrp- T«fi« - » ,
ance maci. to the Roman soldTeS fo^ sfltT'''' "" ^"'^'-
root come salad, sauce (u f or7 1/ • ' ' ^'''''" "^« ^^^^^
nolfin'rral^r^se"^^^^^^^^^^^^ -«. a ,,„„,. ^.J^
English language with the spelinj^^^^^^^
*ound, from Old Enelisli ^..L ^"® ^^^'^^^ are:
(which also giv^s fane and Li T"'"''^ ''''^ ^^^'" «««'^«.
with swim, iZlZriTu!^' ''"^^' * «^''^«^' ««nnected
second meaning of This is thL^- '''""' '''*°^^' ^"^ ''«««« a
i,n«„d f "1 , *"'* V^^ swimming bladder of a fl«h- --^
unde7the wlver""" '"'"'"' ^^"^ ^"° -^^undarerto^dive
•384
FIFTH' READER,
(67) TaUor, frop Prench tailler, to cut. A Sword-smith was
called taide-fer ^ cnt-iron (from Latin fermm, iron; frow
which comes the proper name Telfer).
(68) Trouble, from J'rench troubler; Low Latin turbiilare, to
malce muddy. (The letter r- is a very shifty letter. Cf. 77*ree,
thirH^turn, trundle; hum, brunt.)
(69) Turbot, French turbot; from Latin turbo, a top, after-
wards a turbot, from the likeness of the fish to the shape ot
a top. (Similarly the Greeks had the same word for a top and
a turbot, —r/iom6o8.)
(70) Varlet, from Old French mslet ; from Low Latin ms-
saletu.% a diminution of vaasalus, a vassal. From the same
root come vaaso' valet, and vavasour, an inferior vassal.
(71) View, Nonnan-French vieio (modern French vue); from
Latin vid-cre, to see. (From the same Latin root come at first
hand vision, visible ; provide, provision ; supervision ; and, at
second hand, through French en-vp, interview, etc.)
(72) Villain, from Old French vilain, a Tarmer; from Latin
villanus, a farm-servant, or one attached to a villa, a farm.
From the same root comes village (from Low Latin viUaUcum,'
a collection of small farms). Milton calls barn-door fowl
villatic fowl.
mith was
m; from
hulwe, to
If. Threv,
op, after'
shape ot
I top and
latin vas-
he same
al.
e); from
le at first
r and, at
m Latin
a fami. J
latictwif
tor fowl
.4
I