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 of Canada du Canada 
 
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 ^1 AN ACCU 
 
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 THE 
 
 PICTURESQUE TOUEJST: 
 
 BEING 
 TIIEOUGH THE 
 
 STATE OF HE]y YOJUv 
 
 AND 
 
 %fr mia fofe €imnk, 
 
 INOLTTDINO A 
 
 HUDSON RlYEll GUIDE; 
 
 GIVIXO 
 
 I ^^ ACCUKATE DESCRIPTION OF CITIES Aicn vm 
 
 } J CELEBRATED PLACES ^^I^^^^^' ''''""'• 
 
 ^m i«ajp« nni, Jjn„,.tr«tfon«. 
 
 NKVV VOliK. 
 PtIBLISIlED „Y J. prSTUKNELL 
 
 No. 888 BBOADWAT. ' 
 
 1858. 
 
-Hi 
 
 Entored, uccording to Act of Congress, in the yenr 1S58, by 
 
 JOHN DISTURNELL, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 Southern District of New York. 
 
 DAVIKS AMD UOHKUTS, 
 STEBEOTVPEKB, 
 
 118 Nim<iH'«t., y. Y. 
 
 jonN J. RKKn, 
 48 Ccntfi-Kt, X. r. 
 
 Tjsie arra 
 found to di 
 class. 
 
 The gener 
 and faithful 
 ness, or for 
 of the Unite 
 
 The city ( 
 emporium in 
 (ho first ins 
 foreign, is cli 
 posed to comi 
 will conduct 
 West. Nort 
 through the I 
 fivmous Spvii 
 George, and 
 Westward, oy 
 through the 
 of Now York 
 
TO THE lIKADEPv. 
 
 The arrangement of the Picturesque Tourist will be 
 found to differ, in some respects, from works of the same 
 class. 
 
 The general object of this book is to furnish a convenient 
 and faithful guide for strangers, whether traveling on busi- 
 ness, or for pleasure, or health, through the northern section 
 of the United States and the Canadas. 
 
 The city of New York, as being the principal commercial 
 emporium in the country, and the chief center of resort, in 
 the first instance, for distant travelers, whether native or 
 foreign, is chosen as the point from which the tourist is sup- 
 posed to commence his excursion. Starting thence, this Guide 
 will conduct him along the principal linos of travel North and 
 West. Northward he will proceed up tlie Hudson River, 
 through the flourishing cities at the head of navigation, to the 
 famous Springs at Ballston and Saratoga— thence to Lake 
 George, and by the way of Lake Champlain into Canada. 
 WoBtward, over the line of the J\ew York Central Railroad, 
 through the rich midland and western counties of the State 
 of New York, to Niagara Falls and Buffalo— thcnoo northerly 
 
 ige 
 113 
 
 F 
 
 19 
 
 to 
 
 U 
 
 ;2 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 5 
 7 
 
 
IV 
 
 TO THE READKR. 
 
 through Canada, passing over Lake Ontario and down the St. 
 Lawrence to Montreal, Quebec, and the Saguenay River; 
 noticing, on each route, the places and scenery most worthy 
 of the attention of the tourist, either for memorable events or 
 for local attractions, and aiming, in the accounts of them, 
 more at simple accuracy than at embellished description. 
 Such are tlie scope and design of this Traveler's Guide. 
 
 J. D. 
 
 New York, June, 1858. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Tablk of Distancks, etc., from the city of New York to 
 
 the principal Cities in the Northern States and Canada. 13 
 
 New York and Harlem Railroad Route 15 
 
 Hudson Rivor Railroad Route. 17 
 
 Tour from Nkw York to Albany, Troy, etc., via Hud- 
 son River jg 
 
 Jersey City— Hobokf-n— Weeiiawkon— Manhattanviile! . . 20 
 Fort Washington— Fort Lee— Palisades— Spuy ten Duyvel 
 Creek 21 
 
 Yonkers— Hastings— Dobbs' Ferry —Piermont . . . . . , . . . 22 
 
 Tappan Bay~-Irvington— Tarry town 23 
 
 Nyack—Rockland Lake— Sing-Sing 24 
 
 Croton, or Teller's, Point — Haverstraw—Verplanck's 
 
 Point _ 25 
 
 Caldwell's Landing— Peekskill. . . . . . . . . . . '. . . '. '. '. ". '. ". '. ". ". 27 
 
 Mahopac Lake— Fort Independence— ilighlands. . . . . , 28 
 
 West Point— U. S. Military Acadt-my 29 
 
 Coldspring— Beacon Hill \\" " ' " ' jjj 
 
 Crow's Nest— Cornwall— Newburgh 82 
 
 Fishkill - Matteawan— Olenham *. 8a 
 
 Now Hamburgli --.Milton— Poughkeepsie . . 84 
 
 Now Paltz -Hyde Park .'..".".".".'.' 36 
 
 Esopus Meadows— l{ondout— Kingston ............ m 
 
 Rhinobock— liarrytown J57 
 
 Tivoli— Suigortios— Catskill . . , . 38 
 
 Catskill Muuntain House— Pino Orchard . ". 89 
 
 City of Hudson ■■.,,,..././//.[..... 40 
 
 Cohuabia .springs ......!........ 41 
 
 New Lebiincm i^prin^irt— Cousackie ................ 42 
 
 Stuyvu.sant—Cooy mans— Overslaugh ...".*.*..' .' ." . . 43 
 
 City of Albany .'..*...*. 44 
 
 Distances from Albany to Boston, Moiatreal,"etc. . . .* .... 47 
 
 1* 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 49 
 
 Albany Ninety Years Since 50 
 
 65 
 66 
 
 Hudson River Steamboats • 
 
 Clermont, or Experiment Boat 
 
 TovR TO Saratoga SmrnGs Lake George, etc. : ^^ 
 
 Railroad Routes— Ballston bpa • ^q 
 
 Saratoga Springs •;••.••:••••.••• * .' .61-69 
 
 Analvsii of the Principal Springs ...:•.•• ^q 
 
 Ron fto Lake George. Lake Champlam. etc '0 
 
 Route to Lake George. 
 
 Western Tour : 
 City of Schenectady 
 
 •t^^^ 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 City ot Bcneneota-ujr •••••••• t,„i„+;„(» Tiridffe. ... T6 
 
 Amsterdam-Fonda-Johnstown-Palatme linage.. . . . ^^ 
 
 Sharon Springs ••••••.•■• 76 
 
 Cooperstown-Richfield Springs ... . . • ■ • .q 
 
 Fort Plain-St. Johnsville— Little Falls 
 
 West Canada Creek-Herkimer-Mohawk • ^^ 
 
 City of Utica 79 
 
 Trenton Falls . , 81 
 
 Whitesborough— Oriskany g2 
 
 Rome— Oneida Depot -Canastota gg 
 
 Chittenango-Cazenovia-Syracuse . . ^ ......... ^^ 
 
 Geddes-Liverpool-Onondaga Salt Springs ^^ 
 
 CamiUus-Jordan-Skaneateles-Auburn ^^ 
 
 Weedsport-Port Byron-Montezuma ;;;;....,• 88 
 
 Cayuga Lake • 89 
 
 Cayuga Village— Springport • • • qq 
 
 Levannar— Aurora. ., 91 
 
 Sheldrake Point— Ithaca 
 
 Lakes OF Western New York: ' g2 
 
 Oneida, Lake-Onon-iaga La^^e ^. . ^. • . • • • • • • ' • gg 
 
 Oti8«50 Lake-Cayuga Lake-Seneca Lake ^^ 
 
 Canandaigua Lake • • • • 96 
 
 Crooked Lake-Chautauque Lake 
 
 96 
 
 Seneca Falls 97 
 
 Waterloo— Geneva 98 
 
 Clyde— Lyons • • " * o " '• * ' 1 . . 99 
 
 Newark-Palmyra-Clifton Springs ^^^ 
 
 Canandaigua— Rochester ■'.'..".".!.... 103 
 
 Avon opriugs ••••,■•:; ''......'.... 104 
 
 Batavia— Attica-Brockport .... 105 
 
 Albion— Modina-Locicport j06 
 
 Niagara Falls. . . • • ■ ■ • •••••• '*'.'..... 108 
 
 Lakes and Canals of New York 
 
COXTKVTS. yij 
 
 Buffalo TO Niagara F..,i.., Toau.vTo, etc. : ^"*'' 
 
 fZI ff"M~^'"''"^ Island-Navy Island-Chippewa - 
 Falls of Niagara-Chfton-Queenston-Brock'sMonu- 
 ment-Niagara-Fort George . . :109-113 
 
 Niagara River : 
 Its Rapids, Falls, Islands, and Romantic Scenery- 
 Grand Island-Tonawanda— Iris, or Goat Isiand. . . . 114-1 18 
 
 Cataract op Niagara : 
 American Fall -Canadian, or Horse Shoe, Fsll-?uspen- 
 
 S?ri;«^r,7^l^T^P°°^ and Rapids-Maid of the .Vi?t- 
 
 Niagara Falls Village-Lewiston-Youngstown 119-126 
 
 Lake Ontario : 
 
 Beautiful Mirage, Route, etc i27 128 
 
 Steamboat Routes : 
 
 Lake Ontario and River St. Lawrence Steamers. . . .129, 130 
 Trip from Lewiston to Oswego, Kingston, and Qg- 
 
 DENSBURGH : » x^u 
 
 Kr ^r ^T(^?^^.^°**°' ^'^ P«^*^ Genesee-Genesee 
 Kiver- Great Sodus Bay— Little Sodus Bay— Oswego.i;]l-138 
 
 Railroad and Steamboat Route from Syracuse to 
 
 i>IIAGARA 1 ALLS, Via OsWEGO JQO 
 
 Oswego to Kingston, Ogdensburgh, etc • 
 p^lL^^ru'"'"^^^™^'' River-Sacket's HuVbor-Black 
 PrZr- T'^f, ^'^y-Cape Vincent -Clayton, or 
 French, ,.reek-Alexandria Bay-Well's Island-.Mor- 
 nstown-Ogdensburgh 140-144 
 
 Trip from Niagara and Hamilton to Toronto and 
 
 Kingston, Canada : 
 
 Port Dalhousie-Welland Canal-St. Cathorine's-HAM- 
 
 LTON-Oakville-Port Credit - Toronto - Oshawa- 
 
 k7v.?'P'~^'^°"'«-^"^^ Island-Amherst Island- 
 
 IVINIJSTON .«-.•• 
 
 jr „ J 4o-lo4 
 
 Kingston to Belleville and Port Trenton : 
 1 ay of Qumt6-Fredericksburg-Picton-Belleville- 
 Port Trenton-River Trent-Ricf Lake, ..165-167 
 
 List of American and British Steamers 168-101 
 
 Canals of Canada ,^. 
 
 Trip from Kingston to Montreal : 
 
 , ,.^ j,^.^ Qj. ^^^j,^jj^i island _OajjQ i^i 
 
 AdmTraUvVf^'"/ ~?'"^^" I«l.md-Grindstone Isfandi 
 Admiralty Islands-Amateur Islands-Brockville-Pros- 
 
 Matilda - Waddington - Williamsburg _ Louisville — 
 
Viii CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 Long Saut Rapids— Cornwall— St. Regis— Lake St. Fran- 
 cis— Coteau (ill Lac — Cedar Rapids — Beauharnois— 
 Cauglinawaga— La Chine Rapids— St. Lawrence River 
 and Rapids Ib3-1(0 
 
 Railroad Route from Montreal, to Toronto, via 
 Grand Trunk Railway: 
 St. Anne's— Isle Perot— Vaudreuil— Cornwall, etc. . . 1 n -1 . J 
 
 Montreal : ioa i«r 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway, etc iau-l»o 
 
 Trip from Montreal to Ottawa City, etc : 
 
 St. Anne's— Lake of the Two Mountains— Carillon— Point 
 Fortune— Grcnville—Rideau Falls— Chaudiere Falls— 
 City of Ottawa— Aylmer—Arnprior— Pembroke 18G-190 
 
 Ottawa River: 
 
 Chaudiere Falls, etc 191-1% 
 
 Lakr George: 
 Caldwell-Falls of Ticonderoga, etc 197-iUU 
 
 LakeChamplain: 
 Mississquoi Bay, etc ^^ji-^kjo 
 
 List of Steamers running on Lake Champlain— Table of 
 Distances— Whitehall, etc 204-206 
 
 Trip from Whitehall to Rouse's Poin ?, etc. : 
 
 Ticonderoga— Crf,wn Point— Port Henry— Wcsfport— 
 Fort Cassin— Split Rock— Essex— Burlington -Port 
 Kent — Keeseviile — Au Sable River — Port Jackson— 
 PLATT>BUhGH — Battle of Pittsburgh - Cumbeiland 
 Head — Chazy — Isle au Motte — Alburgh - llighgate 
 Springs — Nississquoi Bay— Rouse's Point -St. John's, 
 Canada— Chambly Canal 20< -230 
 
 Table OF Distances : 
 
 Montreal to Albany, Portland, Quebec, Toronto, etc 231, 232 
 
 Trip from Montreal to Qukhec : 
 
 Lon<Tueuil -Rapids of St. M.iry— Varenncs-Sorol, or 
 William Henry -Luke St. Peter— Three Rivers-Hiche- 
 lieu Rapids -Cape Ruiige— Wulles Cove 233-237 
 
 The Citadel— Plains of Abraham- Wolfe's Monument-- ^ 
 Oen. Montgomovy ..... = .., 237-24b 
 
 Vicinity of Quebec : 
 Cape Rouge -Falls of Lorette-Falls of Montmoronci— 
 Falls of St. Anne -Lake St. Charles— Point Levi— 
 Chaudiere Falls ■ 247-250 
 
CONTENTS. IJ 
 
 _ Page 
 
 Trip from Quebec to thk Saguenay Kiver, etc. : 
 Island of Orleans— St. Patrick's Hole—Madam Island- 
 Cape Tourment—Grosse Island — St. Thomas — Crane 
 Island— Isle aux Coudres— Murray Bay— Kamouraska— 
 Red Island— River du Loup— Kakouna— Tadousac . .2')l-2o9 
 Saguenay River : 
 Tete du Boule— St. Louis Island— Eternity Point and 
 Cape Trinity— Tableau— Ha-Ha, or Great Bay— Chicou- 
 timi— Lake St. John 260-26o 
 
 Trip to Murray Bay, Tadousac, Ha-Ha Bay, etc.266-2G8 
 Anticosti : 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, etc 269-271 
 
 Value of Moneys, etc 272 
 
 Gband Pleasure Excursion : 
 
 New York to Niagara Falls, Toronto, Montreal, etc. .273-275 
 
 Trip from Montreal to Quebec and Return 276-279 
 
 Montreal to Boston and New York 280, 281 
 
 Lake George and its Stkamers 281-284 
 
 Appendix : 
 
 Prince Edward's Island— Cape Breton— Nova Scctia— 
 New Brunswick— Canada, etc 285-288 
 
 Survey of the Ottawa and French River Route 289 
 
 Reports, Estimates, etc., relative to the Improvement of 
 ^ the Navigation of the River St. Lawrence 290-292 
 
 St. Lawrence and Champlain Ship Canal 293, 294 
 
 Advertisements 295-320 
 
 j)nfiyiiaii,iiir.<iai« 
 
\. 
 
 fist fif CSmbtlUsijmcnts. 
 
 Page 
 
 1. Frontispiece— New York Harbor from the Battery. 
 
 2. Vignette — Bowling Green Fountain. 
 
 8. Palisades — Hudson River *" 
 
 4. Map of the Hudson River • ■ 19 
 
 5. Stony Point— Hudson River 26 
 
 6. Map of Lake Charaplain, and surrounding country. . . 70 
 
 7. High Falls— Trenton, New York 80 
 
 8. Brock's Monument— Quecnston Heights 112 '' ^'' 
 
 9. Rapids in Niagara River, above American Fall 118 
 
 10. American Fall by Moonlight 119 
 
 11. Map of Lake Ontario, and surrounding country 127 
 
 12. Fort Niagara— Mouth of Niagara River 132 
 
 13. Cedar Rapids- St. Lawrence River 171 
 
 14. Steamboat Landing, Burlington, Vt 215 
 
 15. Cape Trinity ant Point Eternity —S^gueuay Rivor ... . 262 
 
5. 
 
 Page 
 ittery. 
 
 , 12 
 
 ....... 19 
 
 26 
 
 atry ... 70 
 
 80 
 
 112,'''-" 
 
 118 
 
 119 
 
 r 127 
 
 132 
 
 171 •■ 
 
 215 
 
 Ivor.... 252 
 
^:. ' ■' ,^ 
 
 I 
 
TABLE OF DISTANCES, ETC., 
 
 FEOM THE CITY OF NEW YORK TO THE PRINCIPAL CITIES 
 >:-^ THE MIDDLE, NOETIIEEN, AND EASTERN STATES AND 
 
 CANADA. ' 
 
 ^KW YoKK to Newakk,N. J., ^ia New Jersey Railroad... 9 80 
 
 New Brunswick, " « ' " ' oi Y ?^ 
 
 T>'^^'^«^' " " ::: ?J I II 
 
 I'lnLADELPiiiA, ina Phil, and Trenton R. R.. 68 4 80 
 
 ^\ IL.MINOTOX, Del., cm Phil, and Bait. R. R. 116 « 80 
 
 Havre de Crrace, Md., " " « iKft ^^ 
 
 B.A.LTI.MORE, •• .. a « jg^ i "" 
 
 Wasuingtox, D. C, rut Bait, and Ohio R. R. 225 11 80 
 
 pw York to HAKRisBirno, Pa., ria Philadelphia 194 9 00 
 
 Altoona, Pa., Tin Pennsylvania R. R 824 15 m 
 
 Cleveland, O., t'ia Pittsburgh .■.'.'.'.■.'.' 580 25 uO 
 
 Uw YoHK to Goshen, via New York and Erie R. R . . . . 60 8 1-5 
 
 ' PortJervis, " " •« so a nn 
 
 Great Bend, Pa.. - « « i;.'::: 201 8 S 
 
 BiNGHAMTON, " « «. oVfi n ^ 
 
 Owego, « » „ 216 9 00 
 
 Corning, " « „ 274 11 00 
 
 HornellsviUe, " « u fJ ik ^ 
 
 BuPiTALo, i,ia Buffalo Division 424 18 00 
 
 DL-NKiKK,t-iaNew York and Erie R.R.;..". 460 19 00 
 
 Cleveland, 0., ria Dunkirk 602 25 00 
 
 Cincinnati, o., i-m Cleveland 857 84 00 • 
 
 Chicago, 111., via Cleveland and Toledo .... 957 87 00 
 
 fw York to Poughkeepsio,OTa Hudson River R.R 75 2 45 
 
 ' Hudson, u « « .,{„ A ?J, ' 
 
 Albany, « « a J]J K ^ 
 
 Schenectady, via New York Central R. r". ! .' 16I 6 80 ^ 
 
 SweP " :: " •• '^' 12 S ' 
 
 Savir"' :: ;: :; •• ^'^ 5« S 
 
 BL-FPAf^ « "406 16 20 
 
 Lockport, « ,. « "1^5 17 XX 
 
 Niagara Falls, « « « " £? H JJ 
 
 To\"oNTo'^' ^« " "^'^ ^'i?''* ^^«t«^° K- «• • • • • 4W 21 00 
 
 lOKONTO, " u (( ^ou no „» 
 
 Bktuoit, Mich., « « « •••• ^?? 28 00 
 
 ^'"'^''■^".i'l-.fia Michigan Central R.R.... 960 87 00, 
 
 ' -. OBK to Albany, via Hudson River R. R 144 g 00 
 
 "*^^' " '* *' 150 li IK 
 
 Saratoga Springs ?'ja Albanv -^idTrov "182 T 80 
 
 Lake George, cm Saratoga Springs ......... 211 10 00 
 
 2 
 
J4 TABLE OF DISTANCES, ETC. 
 
 Mlle«. 
 -Nbw Yoek to Whitehall, via Saratoga & Whitehall E. R. 2M 
 
 I'lattsburgh, "^ ;'^ g.;,^ 
 
 SrTtBiL'ca., t>/a Cham. and St. Law.R.il. 305 
 Swr YOEK to Chatham Four Corners, N. Y. & Harle.m lUl. 180 
 
 Albany, „ ,, „ -^r^^ 
 
 TuoY, 
 
 Montreal, Ca., ■yta Cham 
 
 = Kkw York U» New Haven, Conn., via Kailroad 78 
 
 Hartford " ,. -.og 
 
 Bpringfteld Mass.. " ^'.^ 
 
 Boston ri« Western Eailroad ^f 
 
 Creeufleld, via Connecticut Kiyer K. K ^ '* 
 
 Bellows Falls, yt., ; '^ „ f^^^ 
 
 Windsor, . _. _,„„, {^W <>/;o 
 
 White lliver Junction. ■»'« Jerm. Cent. R. K. 2 - 
 Wells' River, via Conn. & Pass. River R. R. 3U4 
 White MounUiius, N. 11., via White Mount- 
 
 ainEailroad °^^ 
 
 'tKB«:Y0RK to New London Conn., via Steamer ll'^ 
 
 WoTcKSTEU, Mais, ria Stenm'er and Raliroad 186 
 
 NaTua N. Ih'ria Wor. and Nashua R. R. . ffi 
 Manchester, N. H., via Concord Railroad . . . '^49 
 
 , Wk.?"smatlon "n. II. (Lake Winniplssoogoc) m 
 
 Plymouth N. U., ri.t Boston, Con. & M«>'it. ^^^ 
 
 Railroad :-,■" i " VV '.,'*' 
 
 Wells' River, Vt., via Boston Con.. & Mont. ^^^^^^ 
 
 Li^Slr N: Ii;.-r/a Willie Mouijiain r' R ' ! »«0 
 WniTK Mountains N. II.. via titugo 400 
 
 .NllwYoBCtoB^idngm Con.^ ,^^ | 
 
 La™ce. Mass., ri.r Boston & Maine R. R. '^44 
 Dover, N. 11.. \\ \\ .. .^^ 
 
 Si'Mlris Me., via Grand Trunk RiUlway 878 
 
 (lorlium N. II., *' , * .„fl 
 
 White Mountains, N. H., via Stage *i-» 
 
 • NbW Y««k to Newport R. I., r/a Steamer J^J 
 
 Fall River, Muss. " ■■ ;„ ■,; "• "V " .mi 
 New Bedford, «/a Steamer and Railroad .... f»^ 
 
 Saie'in Mass. via Eastern Railroad *« 
 
 NewburyiHirt. ' ;; ••••;;;;; 2,s8 
 
 Portsmouth N. 11., ^^ ^^ 
 
 Portland, Mo. " . i. " .i viV -uia 
 
 Au(.UBTA, " r/<« Kennebec A PorU. R. R. '^ 
 Bawoob, " via Penobscot &, Kcnn. R. R. 40i» 
 
 H. 
 
 H. 
 
 9 
 
 00 
 
 16 
 
 00 
 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 00 
 
 21 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 80 
 
 B 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 T 
 
 00 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 16 
 
 00 
 
 8 
 
 GO 
 
 4 
 
 '15 
 
 6 
 
 46 
 
 9 
 
 OQ 
 
 16 
 
 00 
 
 18 
 
 0« 
 
 22 
 
 ro 
 
 7 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 0( 
 
 10 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 
 at 
 
 15 
 
 w 
 
 16 
 
 it 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 10 
 VI 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 Vi 
 Vi 
 
 19 
 24 
 
Mile*. 
 IIE.K. 223 
 
 3(K) 
 
 8^5 
 
 8.^0 
 
 w.Il.K. 395 
 
 ..inR.lt. 180 
 
 •• 152 
 
 " 158 
 
 mE.K, ItK) 
 
 " 242 
 
 ur.R.P. B09 
 
 la 11. K. yt)4 
 
 y. K. B. 408 
 
 76 
 
 ■ 112 
 
 1!W 
 
 9M 
 
 K 1T4 
 
 " 222 
 
 •i 2-l« 
 
 ,nt. K. K. 2(»2 
 er R. K. 3u2 
 I Moant- 
 842 
 
 115 
 
 127 
 
 Railroad 180 
 281 
 inR. K.. 2)^2 
 ilroiid... 249 
 ... 2o7 
 lisscopoe) 8U0 
 
 &, Mont. 
 818 
 
 &, Moat. 
 
 inR R . «W0 
 [tt 400 
 
 TJ5 . 
 
 Rullroud 175 
 
 * 218 
 
 ,lnoR. R. 244 
 
 2S0 
 
 " 3;«) 
 
 L Hallway 8T8 
 
 421 
 
 go 423 
 
 100 
 
 178 
 
 lilrood 204 
 
 .... 283 
 
 i 448 
 
 2tJ8 
 
 288 
 
 889 
 
 •orll. R. R. «09 
 Lcnn.K.K. 469 
 
 H. M. 
 
 9 00 
 
 16 00 
 
 17 80 
 19 00 
 21 00 
 
 80 
 80 
 
 45 I 
 
 oca 
 
 8 80 
 
 11 30 a 
 
 14 00 C 
 16 OO; 
 
 8 00^ 
 
 4 45: 
 
 5 46' 
 
 9 O0| 
 
 IS 00 1 
 
 18 
 
 CO 
 
 22 
 
 fO 
 
 7 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 OH 
 
 10 
 
 Si) 
 
 12 
 
 ») 
 
 IS c«| 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 34 
 
 MW YORK A.\D HARLEM RAILROAD ROUTE. 
 
 ep5t, corner Ce.xtrk and White Streets, New York. 
 
 ^His Railroad extends from the station in Centre Street and 
 ki3 through Broome Street, the Bowery, and Fourth AvenSe 
 [the outer depot, corner Twentv-sixth Street ; at Sty^second 
 
 11 whVh ' '^° ^'°P •^'^"^'■^^ ^"'« *h« solid rock ^t Murray 
 dsl Yor^vmT^'''?; '' ^^?'''y-^^^' Street, and then pro^ 
 as to YoRKviLLE, 6 miles, where is a tunnrl under Prowot 
 il.whicl. IS about eoitfeot long. 24 feet wide and -21 K 
 > through solid rock ; from then°ce it runs Ihro^^h H vrlem' 
 
 "the "unlv^o? w ^'? l''""'' '''' ^ suhstantlaTSddgcs ente": 
 .vr« / -^ *^^ \Vestchoster at Mott IUven where is * 
 iving^settlement, and several extensive manufaSuring Ltab 
 
 P^Tl^l:^r '''''' "-''' '' -^- -eonn'ectii^;ith 
 
 Im^ of- thV^raUriad '" T^'' f^'^', ^^'^'^""'^y ''^'^^'^ on 
 mo 01 ino railroad. Hore is located .S7. Jo/„i\s Colleirt> a 
 
 sides tl i railrnl,. ^'r' "^'^ "" continuous settlement on 
 rSn rosidonces^'^' '^^"'^'°« '"'^"^ ^^'^'«'»'^"» ^^^^ ^ov 
 
 .'■".-a, ^Kaoit c™::;i™''' '■'""° ''°'" "« ^"'' "- 
 
 >» Hi« «»r of tllo ll„°r,i!."J°!,'?''.V.'' «"»S"'"».''y b»ltlo 
 
 vontifiorml tlift »/»/.'«/ ""^^ "'*^ section i>i country 
 
 •» llriJi,. ovoi fl.« lil7 «';»"'"'• "lfn.lin|! nortll from ' 
 
,r .^« TJAlt K'»AD ROUTE. 
 ,^6 NEW YOUK AND HAHLKM RAH^K 
 
 W-tWs section of country, eKtc^n.r,ng nor to^^^ 
 
 icbiniou Ciiiinga I"" »""%;;, ,.,„i, this village v"n» tUo A u. 
 tho Vovmoiit Slate Lmo ,,^.^' "!„, „„,g a bnmeh of the II . 
 
 >VorcoBlov, IJoHton, etc «tockbriiliio Kailroad pussctiJ 
 
 (vor the Albany ""'VMd.mFoi Corners to Albany, a 1 
 
 „v:nowco,.vcyc.llVon.Cl.aih.un m ^.^^^^^^^ j.^. J 
 
 trU to Albany by ^^'iL^lt^ of travel NorthJo.«arat^ 
 
 Montreal, and Vest t« U^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^ 
 of UiBtauccs, etc., boo page« u> a 
 
imm RIVER RAILROAD ROUTE. 
 
 nail village, Bur-| 
 
 )ep6t, cor. Warren St. and College Place, New York. 
 
 .Z\^T fyJ^'^^l''''^ ''''*'°^« *''''°"e^ Hudson Street, 
 anal btreet, and West Street, to the outer dop^t at Tliirty-first 
 
 r JNew York to M anhattanville, 8 miles. Here is a villaffo 
 lrrounde< by h,gh and picturesque grounds, where are located 
 lany handsome private edifices 
 
 W«Z ^^'■''"''^^■'•o^. «l'0"t y miles from the city, stands on 
 U r^iP""1\f''"'"'""'""" "" ^"« ^'^^ of the Hudson and 
 U Pv^v' f-" ^^ «»rround.ng country. In this vicinity the 
 k:k excavation is over a quarter of a mile in length, on the 
 uLri '■'^^'7''^; ho cutting being between 40 and 60 feet 
 tep for a considerable d.Htance. Here, also, at Fort Washing- 
 Jl\^ro« '.l!'"^ M a tolograph pole, from which extends sev- 
 rsey shore, above Fort Lee. 
 |puyTKN DuvvKL CnrKK, 13 miles from Chi mbors Street 
 
 c Yo"if ;;r w'"'?;'^ f 'i^'-^^^" ^^^-' dividing thollnd 
 
 New ioilc Irom Westchostor County. Here is a draw-bridce 
 
 l™"''"'^'"'°'^"'^'^S"'''^''^-*"i« ^t''^"'" being siLpSo 
 bmp ovomont so as to allow vessels to pass through into the 
 
 IToNKKRs 17 miles Irom New York, is delVghtiully situated 
 
 the ea.s bank of the Hudson, here doubly intcTsLg from 
 
 [romantic and picturesque beauties. The bold and abrunT 
 
 fere h?ranl";;r'"'""'"'' «^""^>« - the Jnlrshfo; 
 Ib t ml nn of n,„ '"^ .'"""^"y ^*" *''« «rpo«ito side, where; 
 
 bls and M n^L ?'"' '"r^ *^"' residences, several churches, . 
 
 h2u,WH^.„ "'"^ ^'' 'T'''*''' "« »^ ^"burb, as most of 
 liihabitauts are connected with business in the city of JJJow • 
 
 h.lts, and Tahrvtown, 21 miles from New York, may al 
 ^.Hily oonsulorod ns suburban villnges. most of their inLab- ' 
 ew Yo?k '^ ^ """"'''^''-^ ^ '^"'^^"^^ P"^«"i^« with thrcity 
 
18 HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD ROUTE. 
 
 S,.o SX.O, 32 miles is ^^^^,:^':TV^P ^' 
 healthy location, ^emg c osely connect^^^^^ ,{^^ 
 
 York, both by water ^«f ra Iroad^^^^^^ 1 ,000 inmates. 
 
 Sing State Frtson,\ocMo.A\i^r^conis^ tlmving vil- 
 
 lace, lying in the i«i«^ediate vicinity ottne fountain-like ap- 
 
 Tjearance, running ^o^-tl^^^^'^ ^f 'rmssinK Webt Point. 62 
 K river' finds a tortuous passage pa^^^^^^^ LxNniNG 60 
 miles; Cold Spring, 5- miits, }^ '' ferry, connecting 
 
 S north of New York. Here ^b a^ «^^^;;;. ^'on winding 
 Mkill with Ncwburgh on ^^^ „«f P^s^*^,', are entered and 
 through the " Highlands," f^y^'^'^}, f "^,^e1er a vivid idea of 
 passed in quick ^^^t'^'^'^ArffioughXh the track of .the 
 the uneven and rocky ^^f ^"^^^ °"S^av be seen on both sides 
 Jailroad passes. At one time ^^^fj^^l^^ locomotive plunges 
 II track, when the ^e^t ^^^^^^^^^^ xunjestic Hudson 
 out of sight under a mountain bioww^ j^ountains on the op- 
 on the one side, and the frowning nils oi m ^^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 S^r t^ C^st^-eVr t"o loute occurs a short distance 
 
 •^^S'S-rouoHKK.p...75^cs a^^: j^t.::! 
 
 70 miles below Albany, ^^"•^^^^^^..'"l^Senger trains of carl 
 miles; Oak Hili,, opposite <-'^J«^ "l ^5^ ^ 
 
 Albany, f. '^»'^"f , "'°::?s..™*^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 . ,itautiattheh»l^<> «l"Pn»3''""°t„„d from this pW 
 
 rthrNerYTrkTariiC^^^^^^ ^-^ ^'^ H 
 
 SCHODACK. 133 n»'l<«i,^^^^J';X?ions r^^^^^^ At the lattj 
 BANV. 144 miles, are tl\« °';fi«tnX ^^e Hudson lUver in| 
 pnijsengors aiignt ^O' *"^"'-"";(^^7„ „; - ^^ ^ji^^ iarthcr, or^ 
 bdSrJd^r^'rrJr; eoou .n.Wing . t,,o 
 
 tor city. ^ ^.^^ „„. Albany and Troy, described 
 
 For further information, see AiDany uu j 
 
 . another part of tliis work. 
 
• situated and 
 le city of New 
 
 an. ™ ^i'^fi 
 1 ,000 inmates, 
 id thriving vil- 
 Ison Kiver and 
 untain-like ap- 
 
 througli wliich 
 EST Point, 62 
 , Landing, 60 
 srry, connecting 
 e_ On winding 
 re entered and^ 
 
 a -vivid idea of ; 
 he track of tlie 
 en on both sides 
 lomotive plunges! 
 majestic Hudson 
 titains on the op- 1 
 bove the water'sl 
 
 a Bliort distance! 
 
 3 New York audi 
 )f the Hudson, if 
 er trains of cara 
 n opportunity td 
 
 York and 29 froJ 
 , being favoraWI 
 , river. The HH 
 i from tliis pla 
 vith the Wfttei^ 
 
 RSANT, 120 mile 
 ,C3. and East 
 lod. At the laltl 
 Hudson lUvor ij 
 lUlcH larthei', or f 
 irriving at tbo 
 
 I I 
 
NEW! 
 
 During t 
 
 ally extends 
 December, i 
 every nioi-nii 
 of the river, 
 for comfort j 
 150 miles, in 
 tlie principa 
 i. Usua] 
 igbt boats. 
 
 To the tr) 
 be most des: 
 onfinement 
 urnish a fir 
 cenery of tl 
 
 The panor 
 rund. ScaA 
 sliind, -with 
 tuddod wit! 
 
 olds ; and oi 
 harvea and 
 d as the t 
 
TOUR 
 
 VROM 
 
 NEW TOM TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC, 
 
 VIA 
 
 HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 During the season of navigation on the Hudson, which usu- 
 
 laily extends from about the 20th of March to the fore part of 
 
 December, numerous steamboats leave the city of New York 
 
 every morning and evening, for various places on both shores 
 
 I of the river. The boats of the largest class, nowhere excelled 
 
 Ifor comfort and sjeed, run through to Albany and Troy, about 
 
 |150 miles, in ten to tAvelvo hours running time; others touch at 
 
 jthe principal villages on the way, to land and receive passon- 
 
 |gers. Usual faro through, $1 CO, includ. g berths in the 
 
 light boats. 
 
 To the traveler for pleasure and health, the day boats are 
 |the most desirable, particularly in hot weather, when a night's 
 ponfineraent in -, crowded cabin is very oppressive ; and they 
 pirnish a fine opportunity to enjoy tho varied and beautiful 
 |icenery of this noble river. 
 
 The panoramic view on leaving the city is extensive and 
 band. Seaward it embraces parts of Long Island and Statcn 
 Island, with tho " Narrows ;" the spacious Bay of New York, 
 Ituddcd with Governor's, Bedlow's, and Ellis's islands; tho 
 .orsey Hhore on the west, with its soi;tlemonts and cultivated 
 lelds ; and on (he east tho city itself, with its long ranges of 
 jharves and tJjipping, its spires, and its masses of architecture; 
 Ufi as the boat rounds out upon the bosom of tho majestic 
 
 t, 
 
 -.1. 
 
 it 
 
20 KEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 A «T, ViPr uDward course, the view, 
 river, and springs forward on her upwa ^^^.^^^ .^ 
 
 crowded with striking contrasts and full ot me 
 
 one of rare beauty and interest. g^_ 
 
 BOKEN. a m,te north, are seen g ,ommenees the 
 
 boat leaves the wharf, ^t the form P ^^,^^^^^ 
 
 Kew Jersey Railroad and *=,-^7,f";' .„„,„rt „( the citi- 
 11,0 latter plMe is a delightful and f''™"'y;;^ „^^ a, 
 .*s of New York during the warm -^- ";'^™; :„„„„„ 
 e„„„.dious stea,n ferry-hoat. "^Xt^t from the heated J 
 
 wH>^P-"-^'=t:s':fTheCnt-Lmlng retreat. i 
 and Ihron-ed streets of the city, ■ Hobolten, and 
 
 Weehawk^n, on the J'-'^"'',*"";;;; *J, ^uh to bold. 
 8 miles from New ^o*; ;f ; ™^;:', % ,„, and A 
 rocky Muffs partly vailed w.th »''««'' »■ . j, ;„ ft.f 
 
 hanisome viUa on its summit, ,s o- of t^"^^- P .^ ^,. ^^ ^„J 
 .,ene as you move up the nver. At « ™ ^_^^^,^ J 
 
 on the margin of tl>e river, a »™" *^* ° ^ „„„j,ton fell i. 
 
 rL="t"ntr:r :^'>^ ..,, iso. 4 
 
 ::irim„ever,has.ngs^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 .r;::: 1; r^rarlr., hemg connected with the e.| 
 
 by a steam ferry. ^^.^^^ ^^^^ ^^, City IIa| 
 
 Bloomingbale, on \ork Ibian . .^^.^^t objccti 
 
 i, a scattevea settlement ,n wlu^^^^^^^^^^ -t pr. ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 1 
 
 the 0,7'/'"" ^'^ •'/''''"' ^^^f 'I' ledge and surrounded by 
 
 Kvecn lawn extending to the water s edge, an 
 
 fine grove, presents a pleasing aspect^ A 
 
 About 3 miles fartl.r ^P^-^" ^^^^ on eleva 
 
 Hall, is the LvnaiU Asylum, a stately p 
 
 oTound. ., , !-i-rs'l ond visible fri 
 
 ' The next conspicuous *i»">-' '"° "ft t mile and a tj 
 
 U,e „ud.n, is «--"XrS;,f S near Uell-Oa" 
 east of which, toward the East liiver | 
 
 the village of IIahlem. 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 21 
 
 FoPT Washington, 2 miles north of Manhattanville, is ele- 
 
 Ivated 238 feet above the river, being the highest point on the 
 
 jisland of New York. The old fort was captured by the British 
 
 land Hessians, in the disastrous campaign of 177G, when some 
 
 [two cr three thousand Americans were either killed or taken 
 
 captive, and thrown into the prison-ships at the Wailabout Bay, 
 
 Irooklyn, whore the United States now have an extensive Navy 
 
 fard. 
 
 FoHT Lke, on the Jersey shore, 10 miles from Nptt York, is 
 , place of considerable interest, and between it and that city a 
 Iteam ferry-boat plies daily. The site of the old fort is on the 
 brow of the Palisades, a short distance from tlie river, and ele- 
 lated about 300 feet above it. It was surrendered to the 
 ^ritish in I77G, immediately after the capture of Fort Wash- 
 ttgton. 
 
 The Palisades, the most striking and peculiar feature of 
 ^e scenery on either side of the Hudson, commence a little 
 prth of Weehawkcn, and on the same shore. This descriptive 
 signation has been given to a mnjestic range of columnar 
 bk, varying in height from 100 feet to 350 feet, and walling 
 [the Hudson as far as Piermont, a distance of 20 miles. Just 
 Dve Fort Lee, they rise almost perpendicularly from the 
 Iter's edge ; and as the channel of the river, for the whole 20 
 les, runs near the west side and along the base of these ma- 
 Btio cliifs, they are seen to great advantage from the deck 
 [ the passing steamboat. 
 
 Spuyteit Duyvel Cueek flows into the Hudson 13 miles 
 rth of the City Hall of New York, and connects with the 
 j.rlem River on the east, thus separating the island of New 
 "rk from Westchester County. It is crossed by the track of 
 
 Hudson River liailroad, where is a draw-bridge. Kings- 
 Itdge, on the great post-road from New York to Albany, 
 -ses this creek about a mile from its mouth, near which, on 
 
 north banlj, is the site of old Fort Independence. Here 
 fimencea a succession of beautifully situated country resi- 
 ices, looking out upon the river, and across it to the PaU- 
 
23 SEW TOKK TO AlBAST, TKOT, ETC. 
 
 aorlh and south range of highland, wh-ch «pa 
 
 Sowing >nto tho H.d.n f- ^'-^^^r! ^ Icgh 
 River and Long Hand So™'- /;» J ,,,^„tea 
 
 Welches.., *;--* - jrlC:. o, that o.ten.ve 
 
 ru:^.n::h;:h'::;e.ar,eaita.n^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 „v Pishldn Mountains, farther """f, ^j grLdeur in 
 Ta^hkan-o group, and finally attains .ts highest g 
 
 nr^r^lISTNew Yor^, . a thriving viUago 
 i„ We^r:;er cZnty. at the mouth of Sj— ^ J Z, 
 Uins .any fine dwelling-houses and ^^'^^^^ 
 is the summer resort of many citizens of Ne'' ^ork^ b g 
 
 reached hy railroad, or the — »7f;tlC a X very 
 that city, Sing Sing, and Pee1.-.-ll. It « ™" J^ ^4 
 
 pleasant scenery, and commands a Sue Tiew ot the n 
 
 ' V**s 8 miles north of Yonkers. is . convenient landing 
 placH whi* the smaller steamboat, touch to receive and dis- 
 
 "''tTSTZr^o. mUes north of New York, i, the n.me of 
 r !wre to aconvenient steamhoat wharf This was an 
 a v.llage, where is a coiivn. i Revolutionary 
 
 T7'fryt:r^-rn;:-:hLatthe« 
 
 :; he PaUsa'dra little north of the ^^^y ^^^, 
 he States of New York and N.w Jersey; -* J^™ "^ ^-"' 
 
 T::rfrrr^rr ^;;rJ«:^^'. - - 
 
 .. Slo;" ; :; Z J^y^or., .^ .he Hudson, 24 miles from th. 
 li» of New York. It has become a place of importance as the 
 city of New lora.. ^ ^^^ j,^..^ Uailroad. 
 
 =;fih-:rwo^:t^^^^ 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 23 
 
 ing from the shore to the channel of the Hudson. A steamboat 
 pLe» dany be ween this place and Now York, and connects with 
 th cars runnu.g on the railroad. At this point, also, the Pat 
 sades term nate on the north by an abrupt hill This kill and 
 the extens.^ jner already mantioned, being the two most dis- 
 tmgmshmg ^atures of the place, they have bean appropriately 
 combined to form the name of Piermont 
 
 Two or three miles west from the river is the old village of 
 Tappan, memorable as having been fo r a time the h^ad-quarters 
 aid tTe .T \ "\«,^'"^-- --y '--^S the Revolution 
 rje: ^. ""'''' ''''-' ^^'"^ -- ---^^' - t^« 2d of 
 Tappan BAT-or. as it was usually called in earlier times. 
 Tappan .s,.«-being an expansion of the rivor, commences at 
 Piermont auJ extends northward to Croton, or Tellers Poi^t. a 
 d^tanee ^f 10 ..il.., .it, an average widthof about 3 mil. 
 On the eas.ern shore of this bay. in the midst of a beautiful 
 landscape, .s the favorite country residence of Washington Ir 
 I ^g. ^owhe^-e on either shore of the Hudson is the scenery 
 
 sades m full y,ew at the southwest; at the west and north a 
 fine range of hiljs stretching away to the grand mountain 
 masses of the «' Highlands." with the broad river between 
 
 aent about 3 miles north of Dobbs' Ferry 
 baS o?S "' "^""^77" '' "^'^-'^-^J situated on the east 
 
 nd orLf.^T.^"'''- ^* ^'^'^'^^-^ '^^^'^t 400 dwelling-houses 
 lanv a? .1 ':'"''• '*^^"'°^^ ^'^"-•-S to New Yo:k touch 
 
 fc th:? "•/'"^^'^^^^'^ ^^^^^ '' B..KMA.XOW.. 
 
 rhere is the Irvmg Institute, a school of much celebrity and 
 venerable Dutch Reformed Church, erected about the middle 
 f tlie seventeenth centurv. Tnrv^^^^., ,•„ ^„-.... , . 
 
 lace whArn \r • ^ ,' ^-^"^ i= xauiuu as oeing tiie 
 
 la wh re Major Andre was captured, while watering his 
 
 b^iew with the traitor. General Arnold. Immediately north 
 
 4\ 
 
24 NKW YOI.K TO SLBiNir, TEOT, ETC. 
 
 of this Villa™, also, i. tUe famon. Slec„ Hollow,^hor'>^^^- 
 °ngC W.:^ laid the ,c=n= of Us entertaining legend of that 
 
 ""nLk on th, western side of the bay or river, is » pleasant 
 and t^iviCVoe, between which and Now York a steamboat 
 ;ulta«y.° Here lappan Bay spreads to its greatest w,d.h. 
 T^rpsentin'i- a noble expanse of Avatcr. . , . 
 
 ^Vll"" I'-.-V^ or 3 miles northwest of Nyaclr. .s ap.e- 
 tuf^^^e sheet of the purest water, from which large ,„ant...e3 
 «f ice are annually sent to the New York market 
 
 S L S."o, S3 miles from New York, is handsomely sXuated 
 
 on the eas' ^W of the Hudson River. It has four land>ns . 
 
 torn which steamboats and ve.«>ls ply da.ly to and i,om the 
 Uy, afording a pleasant exenvsion. The ma,n part of the - 
 
 We is situated on high and uneven ground, r.sing IbO fe.t 
 
 l^ove ide-water, and overlooking Tappan and Haverstraw bays, 
 
 1 Hudson and Croton rivers, and the --" ;|,— 
 Wudlng a distant view of t ePaUsad^ »U U H._gh^^^^^^ 
 Sins Sing was incorporated in 1»1<S, ana uo>. 
 
 2 600 inhabitants. This village derives »' --f "^^ *; "j 
 ; iaa words " Ossm.^n'g," meaning in their language th. 
 ZceZ stone. It is now celebrated for its marble quarne,, 
 li^ite worked to a great extent by the State Pnson con- 
 It, who have here erected two large prisons, a keepei 
 C and several ranges of workshops, from materials foun 
 TZ State farm: where is also located a silver mine, wh . 
 "worked to some extent previous to the Kevolution, and 
 Z r mine which has been more recently worked. Ibe maJ 
 b ffLd in this vicinity is of a medium quality, and a m j 
 Stustible; large quantities are annually qu.arried and 
 
 ,0 the city of New York and other places. Here is to be seen j 
 JLful viaduct, over which is conveyed the acqueduct, fj 
 » ,T ^ tr-..!. «,wi. T<iir« nnd -vvuuksv:^! 
 
 supplying the city 
 
 of New York with pure and whole 
 
 water. 
 
 a 
 
 ituatcd about 
 souti'of U;r".inago of Sing Sing. The prison grounj 
 
 The Mount ri-EAS 
 mile 
 
 ANT State Prison is sit 
 
NKTV^ TOItK TO ALBANY, THOY, ETC. 25 
 
 consist of 130 acres of lanr7 t,,- v . 
 
 Slog and ^..nJJl^'^^XZnT' ''I'"'"""" " «"« 
 
 ^ are located workshor. nf ^•«- ' ''' ^''''''^ ''^"^ rear 
 
 lie confluence of tl>„ c'roTonpt T .' """"''''■"'"'J' ""oto 
 
 ppo^ite aide Of tto rfv^r ^"i iT, "' . ° ""*'"'■ ^^ *» 
 
 hi 608 foot l,ii fll \"''''"'"' »'"'". a bold lead- 
 
 ►i"r2":™n,T """. " °°''"'°' «Fan.i„n of tl.o Hnd.oa 
 Ins daily ^' **" ^^'°^ «^*y a steamboat 
 
 p— :':.l::!:urr''"-™"--■'"-. 
 
 i'i> 
 
York ai 
 
 passage 
 
 indepeni 
 
 Cald 
 
 miles fr 
 
 place at 
 
 their up' 
 
 ing is sit 
 
 is connec 
 
 The vi] 
 
 and thri\ 
 
 directly t 
 
 produce, i 
 
 porateJir 
 
 <> pul.lio 
 
 many larj 
 
 On Od/t 
 
 J8 a vcneri 
 
 lutionary 
 
 Wfis then t 
 
 ral Putnai 
 
 Clinton, co 
 
 Vork, who 
 
 Jnnnul Pain 
 
 jdetccted in 
 
 jai'iit back b 
 
 ' Kilmiind ] 
 "■•'ingwiihii 
 »<* " "I)}', and 
 l-'iitin.'(liati'ly. 
 
 "I'iie Lako, 
 »"Mt visited 
 H'uing. 
 
^KW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 27 
 
 i «iu irip, to land and rece vo passcntrerq Tl,;. i j 
 i-g .s situated at the south ctrance of tho " Tr , , 
 » connected by a rteam ferry with "'SW""*." and 
 
 «nd':,H":nnfrr"-^'.*! "'"™ ''•°"' *" ^•»'*. - -r^e 
 directly . L foV New? 't '" " '""» "™""«'» ■■» 
 
 -4..e:::'u::x:;z!n:::r^-"'"--^ 
 
 On Oa^ /////. ^here ig now situated tho Peoksl.in i , 
 18 a venerable oak tron nn .1 • i w'kskill Academy, 
 
 lutionary w. two n ' "" ^""^' '"""° *^° «^-«- 
 
 --t,K.n t ;«: ;2 ;fT;f^7"^'""' '''^^'"^"- ^^-^^ 
 
 ral Putnam .0 il f f.'«^^'«orican army under Geno. 
 
 Vork,whosentupa tltn.^ 1 v " "'" ^'^^ "^' ""'- 
 
 nnuHl Palmer, a Lut nan ^ Y'" ""' ^'"' ^^^"'"° «^ ^'^- 
 detected in th Vmc" an 1 -7 '"'"'""''' ^^''" ^^^^ ^oen 
 
 |«ent back by Putnam^ "'"' "'" '""''^^'"« ^^ ^^« -P^X 
 
 ' Kdmun.l Puimer nn offlcor in thol"';'*"'^''"'""'' ^'^ ^^"^^ I"''- 
 ^'<""« wi„.i„ „., America, in " l 7 " "'"'•■" ^^"^ ""^••" - " W. 
 
 l'nmo,li«,..,y. . * "''"'"*' '" " "i-y- «"<1 t"« fl«l? 1-^ ordered to dep«l 
 
 • »■ Ho bos been accordingly exocutcd." 
 
 lurli 
 
 ISKABL PUTWAM. 
 
 n. 
 
 ■uiiUi 
 
 'g summer, a stage leaves Peekskill 
 
 mc Lake and „ th , 1/ /T "'"''''" '^''^ ^'^^^ ''°'- ^^a. 
 .L _. "'°' »"'' '" lh« l>otte8fc of tho Henson. wb.n tK„ ,„u„ ... 
 
 "'«t visited, twice 
 on lug. 
 
 sou, when the hike 
 
 day, leaving Peek«kill morning 
 
 18 
 
 and 
 
2S 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBA.KY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 Mahopac Lake is a beautiful sheet of water in the town of 
 Camel, Putnam County, and is one of the chief sources of the 
 Croton River. It is about one mile in diameter, and embosoms 
 two or three small islands. The waters abound with yarious 
 kinds of fish of a fine flavor. It is a place of considerable re- 
 sort, with good accommodations for visitors. Here is o good 
 public house for the accommodation of strangers. 
 
 Old FoKT Indkpkndknce lies opposite Caldwell's Landing, 
 on the northeast, near the mouth of the PeekskiU. The situo,- 
 tiou is delightful, facing down the river, with an unobstructed 
 view for many miles, wliile immediately in the rear rise the 
 " Highlands" in majestic grandeur. 
 
 OiT leaving Caldwell's Landing, the river takes a sudden turn 
 to the west for about a mile, this reacli having the local desig- 
 nation of the ^^ Horse liace," and then resumes its northern 
 course, passing between the bold, wooded, and overshadowing 
 hills known as the " H^ghtands," or " Matteawan Mountains." 
 This latter name, meaning " the country for go..d fur," was| 
 given by the aborigines, and is a fine, distinctive, and appro- 
 priate name for the whole group. 
 
 Tlio " lIiuHLANDH," the grandest, and, next to the Palisades, 
 the most remarkable feature of the scenery of the Hudson, arel 
 about 10 miles in width, and extend in a southwest and north-i 
 cast direction for some 20 or 80 miles, covering a part of the 
 counties of Rockland and Orange on the west side of the river, 
 and Putnam and Dutchess on the east. Several of their suraj 
 mits reach an elevation of 1,000 to 1,085 feet. This may U 
 considcrcl classic ground, as many of the points or eminence- 
 in vifw from the river are celebrated in history for being tin 
 Mccne of Htirring events during the struggle for American In^o 
 
 pcnduncc, 1770 to 1783. | 
 
 rfj.g gs^^a «f old Fori Clinton and Montf^omery, of Rcvi.luj 
 tionary 'memory, arc on the west side of the river, opposite thj 
 lower Anfhony'^ .Vosr, G miles below West Point. These fort^ 
 deemed almost imprognablo, were erected at this point for lb 
 defense of tho river, which was also obstructed by chevaux-d» 
 
»W YORK TO ALBAKT, TOOV, JTO. 29 
 
 c„.to„, ana ^^vL:,:z':^:'tJz:T '"''-^ 
 
 coo men being overpowered hvT """°.''™; "'« gi"™on of 
 
 Ublishod ,y an act of C Ire" „ M^I Z^ f ™''™^' 
 H°J lo the United s,„,„. r • "*"- "»'' ""> ""nd 
 
 [■ork IS-O I," Oo,e,nme«t by ,1,0 stale of New 
 
 W nd the Irf """' r*" '" "™ -""■-'». °- " 
 
 -.*"^rbe:::;:r^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 lall, a large tlirce-storv «*«»« i •, ,- "'^ ' '^^''^demio 
 
 t feet in width uJd7r S '' ''' '"* '" ''^"^^^' ^^ 
 
 >po«itorj of the e llTn 1 ^^ '''"''''' ^"^ ^^^■"^^••' '^"^ «« «» 
 Ner,. al it ett ,"''""'"'' "'"^'''^ '^^ ^-tification. 
 
 -tr::::-^-r';reir^ 
 
 1.^ oquatonal teleMopoi a clmpel, an l™,i,al a „«, I,„1I 
 
 on I ! ionr rr™"'"' '^ '"-"--"f «.» .•-«- 
 
 nil cont 
 
 IS 
 
 prs. 
 
 
 ami 
 
 iig a popuhit 
 a well-kopt hotel, calci 
 
 connected 
 
 about 
 
 accomuiodate ubout 160 
 
 military school 
 .000 ,«oul8. Horo, 
 
 8* 
 
so NEW YORK TO AI.BAST, TROT, ETC. 
 
 No place in the Un^on. probably, exceeds West Point in 
 beauty of location -nd the stirring incidents connected w.th .ts 
 Irlv history hein. " hallowed l.y the footsteps of Washmgton 
 Id^KoXi:; -^^-ing the nevolutionary --f «'»■ ^^^ J 
 i„ .hich is continued to the present t.me by .Is be.ng the res 
 deneo and school of the future defenders of the Un:on. In 1 , . -. 
 immedilly after the capture of Forts Clinton and Montgom. 
 el fy he British arn,y, West Point was first occupied b, th. 
 American army, and fortified at the instance of Gov..Geor = 
 ^ZZ< Itcitionary n,en,ory. At "- P^"' ~, 
 to seen the remains of Forts Putnam and Arnold after tl, 
 te .r of the latter, called Fort Clinton^, wUieh .» s.tuated J 
 
 the extreme eastern point of this -■'>'."y P-Xlun 1 
 
 „bo,e tidewater, .bile Fort Putnam ,s «'»"'«'' °""°""'3 
 
 pendcnce, 1.000 yards soutlu,=st, elevated "''°" ;«^f' ^^ 
 
 the river ; there are also numerous other redcub s a«'l <»'' ' 1 
 
 crowning the various eminences in the v.cm.ty, "-" under 
 
 direction of the celebrated Kosciusko as ong.neer In M -J 
 
 1780 General Arnold tvas assigned to the eomaiand of th s ,^ 
 
 porLt miitary station, extending from «*>^ -;-pH 
 
 Point On the 26th of September he prcc.p.tately made 1 
 
 two miles below We.t Point, on the oppos.te side of the nv<j 
 rt^ason having been discovered by the fo^unate c.I^u«j 
 Maior Andre. Fronr this period to the close of the Revo nl,« 
 ary ar in ITSU, ■Vet Point was garrisoned by a strong d,v„j 
 of the American ar,„y ; after which the garrison was reducj 
 and th-1 l»tlou made a depot for the Ucvolntionary arm. j 
 and other military stores. In 1704. at the recommendat„.„ 
 "gICu WashingL, a military school ««;»— .jf 
 building which was burned down two years thereafter, a.».. 
 
 echwd s..sp.'nded until 1802. .,_.„.. A„.j.„vihirl 
 
 There are now councclod w.Ui tno Act . o,!., ..■ .■ 
 
 fosso'-s, a company 
 
 four (iftici 
 
 profo 
 
 tacbiMcnt of dnigtums 
 
 besiJos the cadots, who goncrally 
 
 maiu 
 
 hero for a period of four years, 
 
 in which time they 
 

 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TKOY, ETC. 31 
 
 qualified to become subaltern officers of the several corps of the 
 army. 
 
 No stranger should leave this place witliout visiting the pub- 
 he buildings, Kosciusko's Monument, and a wild and romantic 
 retreat near the water's edge called "Kosciusko's Garden" 
 the rums of old Fort Putnam, which commands a view of West 
 Point, the Hudson River, and the surrounding mountain 
 
 I scenery. The Cemetery, about half a mile north of the hotel, 
 
 lis also well worthy of a visit. 
 
 On the south, toward Buttermilk Falls, about a mile distant, 
 there is a pleasant road running near the river, and most of 
 the way through a beautiful grove of trees. In this vicinity 
 
 land most agreeably located, is situated Cozzens' Hotel, under 
 
 Ithe superintendence of a favorite publican. 
 
 If tlie visitor tarries through the day at this attractive place, 
 
 any time during the summer months, when the hotels are usu- 
 
 Ui^ thronged with fashionable people from every section of the 
 
 t^n.on, he will have an opportunity to view West Point in aU 
 
 |ts loveliness. 
 
 The village of Cold Spring, 64 miles from New York, a mile 
 
 Ir more above West Point, on the opposite side of the river is a 
 
 linving manufacturing village. Here are situated the exten- 
 
 Svo iron works commonly known as the '• West Point Foundry " 
 
 Ind supposed to be on as broad a scale ns any in the Union, 
 
 lid a machine shop, giving constant employment to about 300 
 
 lorkmen. The largest kind of machinery, for steamboat and 
 
 hor purposes, and warlike implements, are here constructed 
 
 P.o ore on which the works depend is found in the immediate 
 
 ^•'.uty ; and there is also a quarry of granite of a very superior 
 
 pahty, easy of access, and inexhaustible. 
 
 pKAcox Hill and Uukmcnkck, both on the east side of the 
 
 ■vor, are sUuatod immediately above Cold Spring. The for- 
 
 - «-meti:«e, called the « Grand Sachem," is the highest 
 
 Nc of the Highlands, being elevated 1,085 feet al)ove the 
 
 ror. The latter presents the rocky projection called the 
 
 ^pper Anthony's J>fo3e.*\ 
 
32 
 
 NEW YOKK TO ALBANY, TROT, ETC. 
 
 Crow's Nest and Buttf.r Hili. are situated on the west 
 side of the river. They rise abruptly from the water's edge. 
 The latter, -which is the more northerly peak, lifts its summit 
 1,520 feet abova the Hudson, and the other is nearly as high. 
 
 Poljlopi-l's Island is a mass of rock lying in tiie Hudson 
 River, near its east shore, at the northern entrance into the 
 Highlands, G miles above West Point. Here the river be .ins to 
 widen and expand to the width of more than a mile for soiae 5 or 
 6 miles, for which distance it is sometimes called jYcwburgh 
 Bay. 
 
 Cornwall, CANXERBunY, and New Windsor are small 
 villages situated on the west side of the river, immediately 
 above the Highlands, the last-named village being distinguished 
 as the birth-place of Do Witt Clinton. 
 
 NiiWBURGH, Gl miles n(M Ui of New York and 84 south of 
 Albany, is pleasantly situated on rising ground, on the west 
 bank of the river. It was incorporated in 1800, and now con- 
 tains about S.OOO inhabitants, 1,600 dwelling-houses, a court- 
 house, and jail, this being a half-shire of Orange County; a| 
 Theological Seminary under the direction of the Associate Re- 
 formed Presbyterian denomination ; an incorporated academy; 1 
 a liigh school, two female seminaries, and a number of select 
 schools, all in a flourishing condition; two hirgo public libra- 
 ries ; eleven churches of dillerent denominations ; three bank- 
 ing-houses; fourteen hotels and taverns; 150 stores of dilTerent 
 kinds; nine storehouses; five freighting establishments; four! 
 steamboats and two barges, running to and from the city of 
 New York, besides a number of sloops trading to different 
 places on the Hudson River, and schooners and other craft 
 running to Southern and Eastern ports, altogether transport- 
 ing an immense amount of lumber, coal, plaster, and agricul-j 
 tnral and mnnuCacturel pi-oducts; two good steamboats, also, 
 are attached to tho ferry betwacu this place and Fisiikill, oii] 
 the opposite siile of the river, wliich is here about one mile 
 width. The location of Newburgh. in addition to its roiiiaii 
 beauty and healthiness, is peculiarly favorable as a place 
 
; (listinguifched 
 
 NEW YORK TO AI.nANr, TROT, ETC. 88 
 
 business, being surrounded by a rich grazi :g and a^^ricuItm-aJ 
 
 k-on, celebrated for butter and livestock TheT^r.^ 
 
 Sranch of the New 3'ork and Fr,-o u •, , -^^^^bursh 
 
 ^lace to Chester. 20 n^le. "' '^'^"'^ '^"^ *^« 
 
 Newfcurgh was for a period the hcad-quarters of Gen Wash 
 
 .gton. and at the close of the Ilevolutionary war the arl; 
 
 as here disbanded, June 23, 1783. The celebrated jZZZ 
 
 U... addressed to the officers and men of the army, were 
 
 I It is proposed to erect a suitable column to the memory of 
 aBh,„g on, m front of the old stone house, in the soutl par 
 th. vmago, where his family resided; it i. to be from 8ot 
 PO fc t high, constructed of white marble or granite, at an 
 |t|mated cost of $50,000. It will be in plain 'g^t fr;mMe 
 ate^commanding one of the finest prospLs on L Hudl 
 IFI.HKILI, Lanbii^g, go miles from New York by railroad 
 
 frgh. with which It IS connected by a steam ferry, is a thriy- 
 
 fbrlT; r,'""°^ '^'"' '''^' inhabitants, and surround- 
 I by delightful country residences. 
 
 flATTKAWAN, an exteuslve and celebrated manufacturing 
 
 Pacturing village, celebrated for its superior wooleu 
 
 [he village of Fx«hkii.i. is pleasantly situated on a plain 5 
 has cf F «hkill Landing, and 05 miles north of the'oUy J 
 
 kliinoT- , !-fr?"'*"''"'' '' ^^'^"^- '^^»« road, from 
 bkUI IishkiU. a distance of 19 miles, traverses the High- 
 
 f«, and IS remarkable for its formidable hills and t.h. ^,4 
 
 kt fTf ;• r'''' '' "" '""''''y -J^«^^y changes 
 ^at of a fertile and cultivated fanning district 
 
 ^nng the Revolutionary v.ar, this village was for a period 
 
 
34 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 the head.quarter3 of the American amy. The church is stj 
 .landing here in which Enoch Crosby, the spy of Revolut:onar| 
 uiemory, was confined for a time, his escape bemg admirab! 
 described in Cooper's romance of the " Spy," undsr the assuu.=| 
 name of Harvey Birch. 
 
 New IlAMBiruGH, 6 miles north of Newburgh, is a steambo 
 landing on the east side of the river, where Wappinger s Crcelj 
 an important mill-stream, empties into the Hudson. 
 
 Ham.ton is another landing nearly opposite, bemg connec 
 ed wiih I^ew Hamburgh by a ferry. One or two miles northf 
 the village of Marlborough. 
 
 Barnegat, a few miles above, on the east side of the nvd 
 is celebrated for the manufacture of large quantxtxes of bmej 
 MiLiov, 9 nuks above Newburgh, and 4 m.lcs below Pougl 
 kecpsie, is a convenient steamboat bmding; the village s.an 
 about half a mile back from the river. .,,,„] 
 
 TiieCity of Pouchkkepsik is handsomely situated on fl 
 east side of the Hudson, about equi distant between the c> 
 of New York and Albany, being 75 miles from the lormer, .i 
 71 from the latter by water. It was incorporated in 1801 1 
 village, and chartered as a city in 1854 ; it now contains al 
 13 000 inhabitants ; 1,C0U dwelling-houses, many ot them t. 
 edifices; a court-house, and jail and county poor-house; 
 splendid collegiate building ; the Dutchess Academy ; two 
 xnale seminaries, besides several select schools; a lycouni 
 reading-room; two public markets; one l^resbytenan 
 Congregational, two Episcopal, one Baptist, two Methodist, 
 Dut^h Ueformed, one Universalist, one Roman Catholic 
 one African Church, and two Friends' meeting-houses; 
 banking-houses, and a savings' institution. Poughkeepsi 
 tains several well-kept hotels and taverns; 30 dry good s 
 r>0 groceries, besides a large number of other different 1ub| 
 Btores and shops ; also two breweries, one of wuich ib v.r 
 tensive, perhaps the largest in the State. be;ng capabj 
 making iiO.OUO barrels of beer annually, and an extens^v. 
 manufactory. Here are owned three steamboats, three trj 
 
 \ 
 
arg.s. and eight sloops, engaged in transporting produce and 
 lerchandize to and from the New Vork market „nnr 
 (aces on the river. No place on ih. n T ^^^' 
 
 KY for beautv nf 1..T ""^''*" «-^«°^d« ti"S 
 
 Ky lor beauty of location; it is surrounded hy one of th. 
 ichest agricultural districts in the Union nn.i 
 |nked as the queen of cities in the EmX' Stal'T^^ 
 1 1855, 12,763. ^ ®- ^ "P"lation 
 
 p«, aoout half a mile northpT^f nf fi,„ « . * 
 
 li - . , tneast ot the compact nart of f ho 
 
 bpcct of the mer and surrounding oountry, which orno 
 1 to ojcite the admiration of every lover of Jl! 
 hery; in addition to the coHegiate' WMio!. ^ rif: 
 H'd ed:flcs, here ha, be=n erected an .xtensi,: gymnLl 
 
 f«aghli.cpsie is a corruption of the Mian word^»„A-„, 
 
 ^^^2r ""''r"'"''- " ™ -'^ »tt,"'atdt 
 3 the Sta „ convenfon met here lo ratify the federal Con 
 ":on of the United States; previous to that date ,? stal^ 
 lature frequently eonvened in this city whM ha, , 
 considered a favorite place of residenct " '°°« 
 
 .. 'trefNrw1-''r' """'' " '^^' """"--tion 
 F' tars a, rive and depart almost hourly 
 
 verca;:;;:r.s:;'"""""«"''°"'»- ^ « '- >> 
 
 no "■*:;':.!?_''"""-«. --"■..ore! 
 
 inhabitants. 
 
 The 
 
 fP 
 
 
 country between New York and Alban, 
 
 PToelf 
 
36 NKW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, El .. 
 
 this part of Dutchess County for the beauty of its country resi- 
 
 "^TLaatsb. UGH, 5 milcB north of the >'illage of Hyde Park, j 
 arc situated several fine country residences. „ ., ^ 
 
 EsoP^s MEAnows, as they are called, 6 or - miles. above 
 Hyde Park, are extensive marshes, covered with water dunns 
 hih tide ; they lie opposite the town of Esopus, on the west side 
 ^the river. Pei^ham is a small landing on the same side, a ! 
 little south of the meadows. ,, , . .. ,„4 
 
 RONBOXTT. 89 miles north of the city of New York, is situated 
 at the mouth of a large stream of the same name, where here 
 iB a light-house built by the United States government. This is 
 an important place of considerable trade, containing an active 
 population of about 5,000 inhabitants; many of whom are en- 
 Zed in navigation, and others are furnished employment bj 
 L Delaware and Hudson Canal, which terminates at Enny- 
 VXI.X.K. 2 miles above llondout. The canal is 108 mi es m\ 
 length, extending in connection with a railroad of 16 miles, to 
 the coal mines of Pennsylvania. From the mouth of Rondout 
 Creek a number of steamboats, freight barges, and sloops are 
 regularly employed in carrying an immense quantity of Lack- 
 awaxen coal, lumber, lime, and produce of different kinds. 
 Stages run from this place to the village of Kingston, and to the 
 Landing opposite Rhinebeck, where the line boats land and 
 receive paL^sengcrs several times daily. ^ ,^, tt J 
 
 Kingston Landing is situated on the west side of the Hud- 
 son River, 90 miles north of the city of New York; this Land- 
 ing was formerly called Columbits Point. A ste.m ferry-boai 
 here plies across the river. I 
 
 The village of Kingston is handsomely situated on a plamJ 
 thi-ough which flows the E.opus Creek, b miles west of thj 
 landing on the river. U was incorporated in 1805. and no^ 
 
 contains about 4,000 uiliabitanis, ox-nj dvYax.x.ii-. s- -- . 
 
 house and jail; six churches; two banking-houses, an incorpoj 
 rated academy in a flourishing condition, and a female semnj 
 ary ; also several weU-kept public houses. Stages leave thi 
 
 /■/ 
 
iiaaa n nmil't-l 
 
 NEW VORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 37 
 
 «.-e io'co„,.„„. :r::r : ™' :r;r™f' - »'"«es 
 
 Iha! Imi nn.l receive „n« '""■"' ='»™l>oat3 
 
 lllcd by tie Dutch mt^nv „7„i !, ^"'' ™' ^'''^ »<"" 
 |lhi, Ticinity, "^ ' "'"•"' ''^''"''"te no;, reside in . 
 
 f October fo.,„„i„, i. ^slatt^;: r";!:?,''? 
 bmy, under tlie commnnd of r.„ tr , ■^ " ^"''* 
 
 [he rcUef of Geu Zlut ! ^'"'°'""'' '^''"^ ■""*»« '0 
 
 (ediaecy after delt "y u^ TZllV. '"'l^^"''- '- 
 Tpitaeely recreated to fteb ™sA " : ' 1"'"" '^^^ P"" 
 fcd returned to the cityof N^Y rl' So *%«",''™ «"«• 
 Ve stone huildings were Stan l! a'.at! rtlf ?'" f 
 1st of the walls were tnton .1 V ^^^' ^^®^ *^e 
 
 U erected on trsa"^"' ^^' ^'^ ^^"^^^^ ^-^"g- 
 
 IRH1.VKBECK La^vbikg, 90 miles from New York and 55 f.on, 
 fbany, is situated on the east suIp .f J^ * ^^.^ and o5 from 
 Nty a., located a number of b aut f 1 '""• '" *'^ 
 Hooking the Hudson. ^^ '"^^^'^ ^^^*^«"°«« • 
 
 ^he village of Rhx^.bkck is handsomely situated on a 
 P' 2 miles east of the landino- if 4= • ''"'^^^ea on a 
 
 Itains about 1 onn ,nin v ^I ^"^orporated, and now 
 
 tLt:per:r5;:;Lr-'-*^^^ 
 
 .,f„,l K,, "! ™'.' . f ™'"'' f--™ New York, and is .„r. 
 
 is mav r I ™'' "' " <""»»" of some 12 or 16 
 
 I oi^«fai« House, elevated nearly 3,000 feet above 
 
 I 4 
 

 38 NEW YORK TO ALBANT, TROY, ETC. 
 
 near tho precipitous front of a rocKy P ^^^.^^ 
 
 extent, called Pine Orchard f"^ ^^ ^^ ^ ucomman* 
 formerl, grew out f ro» tUe «.ur of * -^ „,,,„. 
 
 a vast and noble prospoot, and is a mo» 
 from the heats of 8°>™";'; ,^„^j„, lOO miles from Ne^l 
 
 TorU and 46 miles «"- f*^' ^ great' number of beautiful 
 ing. In this ™m>ly »"''>»«' ^ ^^_^ ^^^^^„ I 
 
 eeuntry residences, in UeHunne ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^_^^^^ , 
 
 taken, during the months "^J, t„,, p,ies acrJ 
 r:t:tnd::r: thV::t Slde^near the iron..or.s J 
 Sauger-ies manufacturing village by the chaJ 
 
 f e o7 CT.I si uated on the Esopus Creek, near id 
 tered name of TOW, »i „ier.fall affording nJ 
 
 entrance into the Hudson, wicre is aw J 
 
 tomeuse hydraulic power "««^ °' r;;;"; The rill»g« oo^ 
 
 tains about o.oOO ™"'7'"' ' ^„^t ^d several sloops r. 
 ^r :^rr n: crtraLugh the usual steamb. 
 
 ^ding for *;P--;;-~:l,e R*ook and H -J 
 
 Bhistoi., or M*'-'"'»- ^ i f,„„ the landing to t| 
 
 from Saugerties. A '"S'"^ '";,.„ „f Uie steam pa J 
 
 ■riUage, on the arrival and departu. . I 
 
 'T.;. and W..X CMP. a few mile, above Bristol, arej 
 Dutch settlements on «" »J- °^^» ';Z ^.^ York and 
 The vdlage of C*^'""--'/" ™;' '^a^, „, Catskiil Cr.^ 
 
 ■^-'T.^"^rrrur:iVcipai st.etw 
 
 :™ ; half :;«; .=ai*- t:r:~5 >»^'«" 
 
 eorporraed in 1800, and "«;-»'^;* ,, o .anking-ho. 
 400 dwelliug-houses. » «" :^°j;J „„ ;, „w.ed asU, 
 5 churches, and several public housts. 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 89 
 
 f 
 
 I boat and 4 barges, besides several sloops employed in transport- 
 ing produce and merchandise to and from the city of New York 
 and different places on the river. A ferry-boat plies across the 
 river from the landing at that place, to Oak Hill, Columbia 
 County. A stage runs from Catskill to Hudson, via Athens, 
 Itwice daily, and a stage runs semi-weekly to Prattsville, »ia 
 iHunter and Lexington. Stages also run daily during the warm 
 [weather from the steamboat landing to the 
 
 Catskill Mountain House, at the Pitie Orchard, distant 
 labout 12 miles from Catskill. The following is a glowing de- 
 scription of this well-known and charming summer retreal : 
 
 'PixVE Orchard, forming a part of the Catskill Mountain 
 range, is situated about 12 miles from Catskill, Greene County, 
 ft is elevated 3,000 feet above the tide-waters of the Hudson, 
 ^hich noble stream, and the surrounding country, it overlooks 
 Jbr a great distance, affording a varied and extensive view of 
 ^e greatest interest. On the summit is erected a large and 
 lommodious public house, called the Mountain House, for the 
 Iccommodation of visitors, w1io resort here in great numbera 
 luring the summer m< .. j , this vicinity are other mount- 
 lin peaks of still greater elevation, and water-falls of the most 
 Jild and romantic character, altogether forming unrivaled 
 Ittractions, which are well worthy of a visit. From this lofty 
 ■Tiinence all inequaUties of surface are overlooked. A seem- 
 Pgly endless .succession of woods and waters, farms and vil- 
 Jges, towns and cities, are spread out as upon a boundless 
 fap. :ir in the east rise the Taghkanic Mountains, and the 
 [ghlands of Connecticut and Massachusetts. To t iiu left, and 
 a still greater distance, the Green Mountains of Vermont 
 Iretch away to the north, and their blue summits smd the blue 
 h mingle together. The beautiful Hudson, studded with 
 fands, appears narrowed in the distance, with steamboats al- 
 most constantly in sight ; while vessels of every description 
 Ireading their white canvn.s to the breeze, are moving rapidly 
 ter its surface, or idly loitering in the calm. These may be 
 aced to the distance of nearly seventy miles with the naked 
 
%0 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 eye; and again at times all below is enveloped in dark clouds! 
 and rolling mist, which, driven about by the wind, is constantlyf 
 assuming new, wild, and fantastic forms. From Pine Orchard] 
 a ride or walk of a mile 'r two brings you to the Kaaterskilll 
 falls. Here the outlet of two small lakes leaps down a perpen| 
 dicular fall of 130 feet, then glides away through a channcj 
 worn in the rock, to a second fall of 80 feet. Below this it ' 
 lost in the dark ravine, through which it finds its way to tliij 
 valley of the Catskill." 
 
 The City of Hudson, situate on the east side of the riverj 
 116 miles from New York and 29 miles from Albany, is a placj 
 of much trade and importance. It lies near the head of sliij 
 navigation, and was formerl> celebrated for being largely ei 
 gaged in the West India trade, and more recently in the wlia'J 
 fishery. Hudson was first settled in 1783, by Thomas Jenkiil 
 and others, most of whom were Quakers, from IMassachusetj 
 and Rhode Island, The city was chartered in 1785, and is 
 Tided into 2 wards; in 1855 it contained 0,720 inhabitiniti 
 about 000 dwelling-houses, a court-house and jail, with a boiil 
 tiful white marble front, surmounted by a dome ; 8 churcj 
 es of different denominations, including 2 Friends' meetinj 
 houses ; 2 banks, 2 public markets, and 6 hotels. The Huds 
 Academy at this place is an old chartered institution, and tj 
 Hudson Female Seminary is a new and flourishing boardin 
 school for young ladies ; besides which there are several sdio 
 both male and female. The Franklin Library Association ij 
 young and popular institution, to which is attached a Iml 
 library and philosopliical apparatus. The Hudson Lunn 
 Anyhnn is situated on State Street, on the north side of 
 city, facing the court-house on the south. The city is suppj 
 by pure nnd wholesome water by a chartered aqueduct fj 
 pany, wlio bring the water in iron pipes from a spring nlwif 
 miles riiMtaal. Tho Hudson and Boston BaihGad coiv, 
 at this place, and extends to West Stockbridgo, Mass., n 
 tance of 34 miles ; running within 7 miles of Lvbanon Spn<\ 
 which are much resorted to (hiring tho summer. Tlio .| 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANV, TUOV, ETC. 41 
 
 Urk and Albany steamboats also land and vn.n- 
 
 n addition to the passage-boats wS Tun traTd^T' 
 
 fork direct, thus affor.lin,, „ , *"n lo and from New 
 
 kitiesofNewVorta'ln - "^ "°™™'™«o'' between 
 hewate,-, cd™ Isfe '^f T" ""•™'"'' '1"* city, near 
 
 |e state, or t„„ peeuUar „.e.iei„al a„a o„a.i,e cuaUti^;" 
 
 The 8cenory in lI,o yioinity is not only beautiful I,„. ,,• m 
 aantic, an. we,, e„,e„,„eea to attrae.'an^; t' ff 
 the nniuediate ricinitv flows a fino .* .. visitor. 
 
 ^ wbo „„ ron,i or .aLt :;.:,;; riip:~r 
 
 [•■Hire too, ,!,» „,,„ ,„^^ ,„ _.^^ 
 
 Mo„ a i „„^, „, ,„^ ^.^^,_^^ ^^^ .^ .1 nd da,e 
 
 Hi. «..., p,aeKl, „nd anon ,a^i„g i,«|f ;„,„ ^ ,„ °f °"" 
 
 iii( 
 
 „ ; "^ '" *"*^'^' "' "8 wild and niajostio 
 
 enough to gratify their curiosity. 
 
 - P-I..ietor of these .Springn, in addition to the erection 
 
 ;".;«e and commodious house, is engaged in la.in. ri" " 
 
 r-l 
 
42 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 New Lebanon Springs.— This justly celebrated Spa is de- 
 lightfully situated near the division line between the States ofl 
 New York and Massachusetts, 25 miles from Albany. Therel 
 are fine accommodations at the Springs, which are situated onj 
 the side of a hill, overlooking one of the most lovely valleys off 
 our country. The cavity from which the water gushes is ICJ 
 feet in diameter, and the quantity is sufficient to drive a railir 
 lis temperature is uniformly 72'^. It is tasteless, inodorousj 
 and soft, admirably adapted to bathing, and excellent in cuj 
 taneous afiections, rheumatism, internal obstructions, liver comj 
 plaint, ner/ous debility, etc. 
 
 A person standing on the side of the hill, in the roar of C» 
 lumbia Hall, will find he can produce a fine echo, at pleasure! 
 In the neighborhood are small lakes and streams filled witf 
 trout, and Siere are beautiful roads and beautiful villages wittj 
 in a few hours' ride, in all directions. 
 
 For Analysis of the waters, see Springs, Water-Falls, etj 
 
 About two miles from the hotel is the celebrated S/iuher *f| 
 tlement, which is much visited by strangers, particularly 
 Sunday, when their very remarkabla forma of worship aij 
 
 practiced. 
 
 Lebanon Springs are now upon the line of railways, and 
 reached without difficulty either from Hudson, Albany, N(| 
 , York, or Boston. 
 
 CoxBACKiE Lanping, 8 miles above Hudson, is situated i 
 ' the west side of the Hudson, 22 miles below the city of AlbatJ 
 i Here are three separate landings within the distance of a 
 altogetlier containing about 1.800 inhabitants, 2:.0 dwilliil 
 houscB, 4 churches, an academy, 4 public houses, 20 futures 
 different kinds, and 15 warehouses, 1 steam plaster mill nn| 
 furnace, 1 ehip-yard and 2 dry docks for building and rcpij 
 
 illg VtSoSelS; ly exicnsnc laiun. jttf-ra. r- 
 
 yearly a>H)ut 80,000,000 bricks. This is also a convcni^ 
 fiteamlwat landing, at >vhich BteamlKjats touch several ta 
 daily during the season of navigation. 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 43 
 
 The village of Coxsackie, 1 mile west of ih. i a- 
 
 htendmg .„ »„ b..e of .Uo HeWerterg Moun.aiL ' 
 
 Stoyvesant, 4 miles farther on the east .!,?» „f *i • 
 8 a flourishing place of busiue« from whi 1 '''™- 
 
 f produee are aonua.ly ^^IZ^Ty:IV7T^ 
 
 ^otr, in the interior being J„s,„ eeCL' fT i^'f*! 
 
 k. 6 miles east of the river. a'nVno.ed rr rr,'u,: ^-f 
 ktion. It is the birth.plaee of e.^-residtVy n b„1 - J 
 t'°" ="*"» '' " P'--' ««at about 2 milfs sTXf 
 
 rps. The village contains about 700 inhabitant^ nnrJ I,/ 
 
 L, Lr;;;:'^^::,? z: rfh:rer:'T " ?- 
 
 f roons m ojj. All f„r„,g„ traders were hero obliEcd to 
 fc „ b , T *° '°""' °"' "'"* "'» P-' of 'a ciny 
 
 F -X :::^- Jiz rr - --^^ •"'' "'"'■"° "'^^° ■ 
 
 I 8 ntii aanptoa lor the purposes for whioh if ™„- 
 
 ^.-y oocnpie,, a. it con.pletol/eolands the rl'n'elT 
 
 »:Tr"- ' '""".""™ ••''■''■"""' ""'' « ■»"™ fro.. Ai. 
 
 L;. ''""'"" '"^ "'" "'«'• "W* i- "'7 injurious to n.rt. 
 r "'""""<'"> « -""- Wow the eity of Albany. h„ 
 
44 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 heretofore formed tte principal obstruction to the free naviga- 
 tion of the Iludsoa on its tide-waters. Here were several bars 
 or flats, with narrow channels, affording at low tides but a 
 small depth of water-this obstruction, however, has of late 
 been mostly removed by an expenditure by the United States 
 Government, the depth of the water being materially increased, 
 the channel made straight, and the navigation much improved. 
 GREENBr.H, opposite the south part of the city of Albany, 
 with which it is connected by a steam ferry-boat, contains 
 about 8,000 inhabitants. Immediately above may be seen the 
 depot and buildings attached to the Hudson River Railroad 
 
 East Albany. 144 miles from New York and 6 miles belo. 
 Troy is the terminus of the Hudson River Railroad and Al- 
 bany and West Stockbridge Railroad, a link of the Westeni 
 Railroad of Massachusetts. Hero also terminates the Trof 
 and Greenhiish Railroad. , 
 
 ALBANY, the capital of the State, and one of the oldes^ 
 cities in the Union, is eligibly situated on the west side of th 
 Hudson River. 145 miles north of the city of New York; J] 
 miles by railroad, east of Buffalo ; 200 west of Boston, and 2j 
 Bouth of Montreal. It was originally called " Beaver Wyd] 
 (i e., Beaver Town), and afterward '« Williamstadt." It rei 
 ceived its present name in 1664, in honor of James, duke 
 York and Albany, afterward James IL, in whose reign t 
 original city charter was granted by Governor Doiigan, Jull 
 22 1080, and the government vested in " The Mnyor, Aldel 
 men, and Commonalty of the city of Albany." consisting oftj 
 Mayor, Recorder, ton Aldermen, and ten Assistants. IH 
 Charter has been materially altered by recent enactments ( 
 the Legislature; the assistant aldermen nro merged m tj 
 aldermen, but the corporate name is still preserved. It i8 d«^ 
 divided into ten wards, In 1855 its population was 57,a33. [ 
 It is indelitod for its prosperity to the enterprise of its ninw 
 itants, and the impulse given to its trade by the Ene aj 
 Champlain canals, which unite alx)Ut 8 miles to the north, j 
 enter the Hudson River at the north end of the city. A l«i 
 
NKW YORK TO ALBANY, TUOY, ETC. 45 
 
 jhas been formed in front of the city, protected from the river 
 
 f y a pier one mile and a quarter in length, furni.hing a safe 
 
 Ihnrbor for vessels, and securing them from injury by the ice, 
 
 .Lich m the spnng freshets comes down the river in innnense 
 
 quantities, sometimes causing great damage. The city is com- 
 
 ^andmg m its situation, and appears to great advantage from 
 
 Ihe river. There are three ravines running from east to west, 
 
 known as the Foxes Kill, the Rutten Kill, and the Beaver Kill 
 
 i ''fan f t:':''''' '''' '"'"' '' '"Sh> being at an elevation of' 
 rom 140 to IGO feet above, and gradually ascending from the 
 
 liver The view from either of the heights is picturesque in 
 le highest degree. To the north may be seen the city of Trov 
 
 Ind the adjacent villages, and in the distance the hills of Ver- 
 
 liont. To the east the beautiful extent of country lying 
 
 fed Catskill Mountains. The public buildings are of .he most 
 eautiful and tasteful character. Tlie Capitol, occupied by the 
 ^gislature and the State courts ; the State Hall, for the accom- 
 lodation of the public offices; the City Hall, occupied for city 
 hd county purposes, and by the United States courts; and 
 e Albany Academy, having 300 pupils, face tne public square 
 the head of State Street. This squiire is formed by tho 
 ^pitol and Academy parks, which are inclosed with substau- 
 W iron fences, erected on stone bases, and are laid out with 
 >k8 bned with ornamental trees of choicest species. A more 
 Ihghtful spot in the Bummer is not to bo four 1 in any inland 
 ly m the Union. A few rods south of tlio .ouare, on Kagle 
 feet, ,s the County Jail and tho Me<Hcai College This col 
 ke ^as incorporated in 1839, and occuj.ies a buiMing grant-xl 
 jit by the corporation of the citj. a.lmirably adapted for its 
 irposcs. Iho college already possesses one of the most valuable 
 facums in the country, which has rocentlv boon gronfW ««_ , 
 p-d and enriched by specimens imported direct ^rorn'Oer- 
 hy and Franco. The Albany Exchange, situated at tho foot 
 «tate Street, is a large and commodious building, oonstructod 
 granite. It la occupied for stores, offices of professional men 
 
11 
 
 46 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 and the post-office. The Young Men's Association, established 
 for " Mutual Improvement," was the pioneer institution of its 
 kind in this State, and embraces all ranks and professions, now 
 numbering about 1,500 members. It has an extensive reading- 
 room, supplied with the leading newspapers of this country and 
 England ; also a room, furnished with the most popular anl 
 standard periodicals and reviews, native ctnd foreign ; an excel- 
 lent library of several thousand volumes, and a lecture-room 
 capable of seating 300 persons, in which two lectures a week 
 are delivered, from the first of December to the first of March. 
 Strangers have free access to all except the lecture-room and 
 library. There are four Presbyterian churches, one Associate 
 do., three Dutch Reformed, one Unitarian, four Methodist 
 Episcopal, one African do., three Baptist, one colored do., two 
 Lutheran, three Episcopalian, one Universalist, three Ilomunj 
 Catholic, one Independent church, one Mission House, two 
 Jewish Synagogues, one Bethel, and one Friends' meeting- 
 house. 
 
 The Old State Hall, recently occupied for state offices, is con- 
 verted into a museum for the reception of the geological cabinetl 
 formed under the direction of the State geological surveyors.l 
 The New York State Agricultural Society also here hold theirl 
 meetings in a room reserved for that purpose. The other piibl 
 lie institutions whoso meetings are held at Albany are tlid 
 Now York State Temperance Society and the State Mi'ilicui 
 Society, fhero are also in the city, in addition to those monj 
 tionod, various benevolent, religious, and scientific institutiotnj 
 among them the Albany lustitut,, with a valuable library iiii] 
 extensive museum, occupying a room in the Albany Acadcnuy. 
 The Dudlnj Observatory is a new and jwpular institution 
 being very liltorally endowed by a lady whose name it boars. 
 The principal hotels in Albany are the American Hotel, '" 
 
 Sluld Bireet ; LongrcBs iiau, i jun. r. i-xve, neai int • .-^i ■• 
 
 Delavan House, 77 Broadway ; Franklin House, 130 and \A 
 State Street; Mansion House, 24 Broad ,v ay ; and Stanwix Ilalj 
 corner of Broadway and Maiden Lane. 
 
I House, two! 
 ads' meeting- 
 
 "EW VOBK TO AlBANr, IKOr, KTO. 47 
 
 " It is difficult to set bounds tn th^ f x 
 =ity, the ca.ital of the sTpt Stl T\ '~'"'" "' "^ 
 
 aomo 00 miles from the 8ea 1 „ n "''-"'"<^'- ™vig.tio„, 
 son. Paris, on the SeiVe "'s . n^ "" '"■'"" '"»■' "" H""" 
 don ooatains about tooi 000 1 T 7'"' °''"°'''- ''°"- 
 
 first class on this continent LT ! \ ""^ ""'"^ °'' '^^ 
 
 I Paris, as seen from the heights of « ? """^ """'"^ 
 London, when h„heM ^r^X^^ZZnlt Tr' 
 Tanegated and beantifin • .„ . *'• P""!', is 
 
 U Jn from the mo^Wn K TTI ""^ "'""^ "' *"»'"«'. 
 
 the North or Hudl Kiver" * ^""^* "" '"'"' »'''«'' °f 
 
 I Tl,.f. I ^ '^"""' ""» "««"h and resources 
 
 I Ihe trade, commerce, and manufactures of AlbTnT 
 
 >-derable Steamboats, tow-boats, 1 w"^ "J:"' 
 
 K-'. extending to Buffalo audTi ' ra Fa , 1,,?'^°' 
 Mte at Albany rpnrln,.;, •,. "''"gara i alls, all termi- 
 
 Y the Union '"* " """ "' "" K'eat* thoroughfare, 
 
 D.,r.»cK. „„« A.B..V TO llosxo.. by Railroad : 
 
 .0 West Stockbridce 
 
 88 Miles. 
 
 ItUto Linn in TJU*,.fl_i i —J 
 
 Iprmgfiold, „ ''^'f'- 
 
 Torcester, 
 
 PosTOiv, Via Boston and TVorcestcr H. 
 
 49 
 302 
 156 
 200 
 
 << 
 
 K 
 
 <l 
 
 (( 
 
 II 
 
Illlllllllll 
 
 48 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 Distances from Albany to Montreal, via Saratoga Springs | 
 and Lake Champlain : 
 
 To Troy, bi/ Hudson liioer or railroad . . 6 Miles. 
 
 Ballstongpa, " ..25 31 |^ 
 
 Saratoga Springs, " . . '^ ^2 " 
 
 Whitehall " .. 39 77 '^^ 
 
 Burlington, by steamboat 7G 153 
 
 Plattsburgh, by steamboat 178 
 
 ilouss'a Point, by steamboat ii03 
 
 St. John's, Canada, by railroad 23 22t3 " 
 
 Montreal, by railroad 22 218 
 
 w'e copy the following Extract relating to the early historj 
 of Albany : 
 
 "The younger race of fashionables and semi-fashionablesi 
 know Albany, or affect to know it, merely as a big, city-lookingl 
 place, full of taverns and hotels, whera they land from the! 
 steamboat, on their way to Saratoga, Niagara, or Quebecl 
 Another set of less locomotive good folks, especially in Newl 
 York and Philadelphia, have no notions about it, but those doJ 
 rived from the old traditionary jokes upon its ancient Schepensj 
 and Schoutens, its burly burgomasters, ' its lofty spues glitterj 
 ing with tin, and hospitable boards smoking with sturgeon.' 
 
 " But, in honest truth, there are few cities of the size anyj 
 where which can exhibit a greater or a more agreeable varietH 
 of society and manners. In Albany may be found talent aii| 
 learning, accomplishment and beauty. The towns of Europ 
 of the same size and relative importance, can in this rcspccj 
 bear no sort of comparison with it. Then, too, its situatios| 
 the prospect from its higher grounds and streets, abound 
 scenes meet for romantic fiction. Albany is rich also in inon 
 sober but equally interesting recollections of our national liisl 
 t»ry. There (to use the once familiar personification in wliicj 
 
 iQUian orator^' uv;hgiiiea iv cjjtran '_-i .-..- - 
 
 governments), Corlaer and Ononthio were wont to meet anT 
 plant the tree of peace, or else extinguish their council firo ai^ 
 part in wrath. There, about the middle of the last centr 
 (1761), the governors of the several provinces met the chiefso 
 
ratoga Springs 
 
 B early iiistorjl 
 
 r>li nnfl P.ntflis 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBAXr, TROY, ETC. 49 
 
 ;lie Six Nations, and the ambassadors of the r„f 1. 
 •ther Southern tribes, and buried the hatchet h7' ''^ 
 *ole Indian race on this oonf;. / . ^®*''^®^ *^e 
 
 eace in Fort Oran." Tl^ZTr'^ ^^' ^^^°*^^ *^« tree of 
 irst General Con.^ss in tlich h" '"7 '''"' "^^ ^^^^^ *^-* 
 agonal defonse^erTmX:::-^^^^^^^ 
 ble coincidences with which the hand of P V ""'^''^^ 
 'ly inscribed the evidence of ^fn *^f .^^«^^d«^<^e l^as legi- 
 
 .r national histor,;: ;:?: ^ 7^.^^ i^^ ^'-^^ ^^ 
 franklin, and other patriots destined to tlJ^ ^ "•^'"'''' 
 
 beir country, signed the first In f . ^ ''' ^'^"'^ "^ 
 hclaimed to tnetlonies thlt t^;^^^^^^^^^ -<^ 
 
 h and able to protect themselves W >v fr^ ' ° ^°^- 
 ;ents of the Revolution.^ Tllbany \^^^^^^^^ '/^^^' '' "^^ 
 h Of that struggle. Montgoml^; ^ J L^ Tnd alt'^' 
 ^d the elder Clinton, in turns r^lnr^r, 1 ^y^^^'^^^^^^^oa, 
 « of war, while thVd i, w Lt " 7 7'^ '"" °''^'''- 
 uiJ^els." ^ ' ^^ ^^^^^ ^^gor to our 
 
 Kafi, • ''''''''"'^' ^^^ETY YEARS SmCE. 
 
 •'The city of Albany was stretched along the banks nf .. 
 idsou: one vprv xviri^ „ 1 1 '^ oanijs ot the 
 
 \oJZ ^' '"'"' »"■"* '■''P''"J' -f"™ till it ioined 
 "^ai wiuor than the other ! if xvoc ^^1 , 
 
 f '' "'^af Ljdlus Street. Oiunok Hotel, situated la Market 
 
 6 
 
50 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 of a market-place, or guard-house, town hall, and the English 
 and Dutch churches. The English church stood at the upper j 
 end of the street ; the Dutch church was situated at the bottom j 
 of the descent where the street terminated. The town, in pro- 
 portion to its population, occupied a great space of ground. 
 This city, in short, was a kind of semi-rural eslahlishment ; I 
 every h<-uss had its garden, a well, and a little gr<;.n behind; 
 before every door a tree was planted, rendered imoresting by| 
 being coevil with some beloved member of the famly." 
 
 The City of Troy, 150 miles north of New York by railroad 
 route, is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Hudson 
 River, at the head of tide-water and steamboat navigation, 6 
 miles above Albany. It was incorporated as a city in 1816, 
 when it contained nearly 5,000 inhabitants ; it has recently 
 been made a port of entry, and contained in 1835, 83,269 inhab- 
 itants, who are mostly engaged in commerce, navigation, and 
 manufactures. Since the completion of the Erie and OharapUin 
 canals, in 1825, which, opposite this place, at ih village of 
 West Troy, unite the waters of the lakes with the. ■ <^i the Ifulj 
 son, Troy has rapidly increased in wealth and populatioal 
 Here are a fine court-house, built of marble, in the Greciftnl 
 Doric order; a jail constructed of brick; a county poor-housoj 
 to which a farm containing about 200 acres is attached ; thl 
 Troy Female Seminary, a flourishing chartered iustitutionj 
 the Troy University recently established, is a chartered institui 
 tion largely endowed ; there are besides several select schools foj 
 males and females. Troy contains two new finely-modeled a j 
 expensive market buildings ; seven Presbyterian churches, tLre| 
 Episcopal, two Baptist, two Methodist, two Catholic, one Ubij 
 versalist, one Friends' meeting-house, and an African churcbj 
 ten banks ; four savings' banks ; two insurance companies ; o;| 
 lyceum of natural history, with a choice scientific library, ani 
 an extensive collection of minerals, and collections in varioj 
 branches of natural history; a Young Mens Association fl 
 
NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 61 
 
 mutual improvement, with a large library and extensive read- 
 I mg-room. The principal hotels are the American Hotel, Fourth 
 corner of Elbow Street; Mansion House, 4 Washington Square; 
 Iroy House, li.ver, corner of First, Street ; Washington Hall, 
 381 River Street ; and Union House, near Railroad Depot 
 
 Here are owned about 60 masted vessels, four large passage 
 Bteamboats of the first class, two smaller sceam passage-boats, 
 and five steam tow-boats, with 22 barges, which ply between 
 ITroy and New York, transporting annually an immense amount 
 of produce and merchandise. Four lines of passage and freight 
 boats run on the Champlain Canal from Troy; a line of packet 
 iBchooners run from this place to Boston and other Eastern ports • 
 a Ime of caT.al packets to Whitehall, and lines of daily stages 
 run to Whitehall, and Bennington, Vt., and to Brattleboro Vt 
 M Boston. The water-power at Troy is immense, and a large 
 ortion of It still unoccupied. Within the limits of the city 
 Qd about a mile east of the Hudson, a tunnel has been exca' 
 frated by Mr. Benjamin Marshall, extending from the Peekskill 
 k distance of about 800 feet, and gives a fall of 180 feet Seve-' 
 fal large mills and factories, to be supplied with water from 
 Pus fall, are now in the progress of erection. Near the north- 
 Iru boundary of the city a dam has been built across the Hud- 
 jon, by the State, which here makes a fall of lU feet and 
 Ireates an incalculable amount of hydraulic power. This place 
 ■^ abundantly supplied with wholesome ^^ater, brought from 
 ke Piscawin Creek through large iron pipes, with hydrants at 
 Be corners of the streets. 
 
 The Renssdacr and Saratoga Railroad commences at this 
 face, crossing the Hudson River by a s.^bstantial bridge, 1,650 
 pt m length, to Green Island ; thence it continues north 
 press several branches of the Mohawk River to Waterford; fol- 
 •wing the vallev of tlm Wiiriar,„ „r,*:i u v ^t 
 
 Here it diverges to the west and continues to the village of 
 miston Spa. a distance of 25 milc«, and unites with the Sara- 
 ga and Schenectady Railroad. The Schenectady and Troy 
 nlroad, 21 miles in length, was completed in 1842; it com- 
 
 M. 
 
 K! ■ 
 
52 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 municates with the Western roads at Schenectady. The Troy 
 and Oreenbush Railroad, 6 miles in length, connects with the 
 Hudson River Railroad; and the Troy and Boston RailroadA 
 when completed, will make a direct railroad communication 
 from Troy to Boston, and furnish a continuous line of railroads j 
 from Boston to Buffalo. 
 
 The city of Troy has long hcen celebrated for its beauty anJ| 
 healthiness. The streets are laid out at right angles, are gene- 
 rally wide, remarkable for their cleanliness, and planted with! 
 beautiful and, in the hot season, most grateful forest and shade! 
 tries. From Mounts Ida ( the east and Olympus on the nortlij 
 an extensive and charming prospect is presented, embracing a| 
 view of the valley of the Hudson for miles, the city of Albany! 
 the villages of West Troy, Lansingburgh, Watei'ford, and CohoesJ 
 and the Cohoes Falls; a landscape presenting more beautyj 
 and a greater variety of scenery can hardly be imagined! 
 From the elevations just mentioned, the eye rests at once, as onl 
 a map spread out before it, on city and village teeming with lifil 
 and activity — the broad Hudson rolling on in^ majesty to M 
 ocean, and bearing on its bosom fleets of boats and vessels-| 
 long extent of the Erie Canal, itself no common stream, floatin 
 to market the products of the West— railroads, over which aifj 
 passing with lightning speed niUtitudes in pursuit of busine 
 or pleasure— on woodlands anl ciiltivated fields harmoniouslj] 
 blended— and on a western hoi'izou of undulating highland 
 which toward the south blend with the famed Catskill Mount-j 
 ains, lifting their giant heads to the clouds. 
 
 West Troy, situated on the west bank of the Hudson Riverl 
 6 miles above the city of Albany, is a place of growing importi 
 ance. It was incorporated as a village in 1838, and no^ 
 contains about 8,000 inhabitants, 1,000 dwelling-houses, 
 churches, six public houses, a large number of stores, m 
 mechanics' sho^^s. Tho Erk Canal, which passes through tbj 
 center of the village, communicates with the Hudson by tn 
 comm^Hiious side-cuts. It is a convenient depot for vast qtiantij 
 ties of produce, lumber, and merchandise^ being on the Junctioi 
 
;8 at once, as onl 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 63 
 
 Janal. and at the head of doop navigation. The southern 
 nouth of the Mohawk here unites with the Hudson 
 
 The Wacervliet Arsenal, situated in West Troy, near the 
 ker, was established by the United States Government in 1813 
 1 Vf v-V T"""' '^ «°««truction in the Union, having 
 rreat fac.hties for the manufacture and transportation of war 
 ke ""Plementa, and is well worthy of a visit. The grounds 
 ttta hed to the arsenal ...u-.t of about 100 acres, inclosed in 
 pont by an iron feno., and iu he rear by a stone wall. Here 
 tre located 33 buildi. ,.. .ompn.ag storehouses for small ^Z 
 on sheds for cannon c. . .mge.. timber sheds, magazines, saw- 
 ^11, paint, carnage, ma- .no, casting, and blacksmith shops- 
 
 f 00 officers, soldiers, and hired workmen are constantly em- 
 f oyed at this post, which number could be greatly increased if 
 found necessary. Here are now manufactured munitions of 
 »ar amounting to an estimated value of $100,000 annually The 
 |)tal value on hand, January, 1841, amounted to $1,662 320 
 , LAKSI.CBURGH, 3 miles above Troy, on the east side of the 
 Mson, ,s one of the oldest villages in the State, being incor- 
 fo ated as early as 1787. It now contains about 3,600 Labit- 
 as. During the Revolutionary war it was a plac^ of consider- 
 ble importance. It has since increased but slowly, owing to 
 
 PTTtZ''' ''""' '' *'' ''''"'' "' ^'^ ^°^^^^'«^' 
 
 U7r'?.? "''^^'""^ ^ "^^^ ^^''' Lansingburgh, on the op- 
 fsite side of the river, and 155 miles north of the city of New 
 
 feih wM !u' """^ ^""^^ '^ '^""P navigation on the Hudson, 
 fth which the northern mouth of the Mohawk here unites. 
 
 llTr "" ""' "^ '' ''^^ P'^^^ 'y ^'^^ «^ ^ darn and sloop 
 il ! "PP'' P*''* °^ *^« «i*^ of Troy. Waterford was in- 
 fporated in 1805. and now contains a population ofThl. 
 |-ui/ lima 01 tan ts. 
 
 iThe village of Cohoes, 2 mUes west of Waterford. is situated 
 low the Cohoes Falls, and near the junction of the E.ne a..d 
 
54 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 Champlain canald. Here is aiForded by the Mohawk an immense I 
 amount of hydraulic power. If found necessary, the whole vol- 
 ume of water in the river can be used for propelling machinery 
 to almost any extent, having a total fall of about 140 feet, I 
 Here are several extensive cotton and other manufacturing I 
 
 C f 
 
 estabrshments ; six churches, two or three hotels, and a popu- 
 lation of 0,000 inhabitants, mostly employed in the above I 
 manufactories. The Schenectady and Troy Railroad passesl 
 near the village, also the Albany J\''orthern Railroad crossinjl 
 the Mohawk a short distance below the falls, aiFording a sipccln 
 conVeyance to and from this interesting locality. 
 
 CoHOEs Falls, situated in the immediate vicinity of Cohoesl 
 village, is an object of great attraction. It is much resorted tol 
 during the summer months by visitors from all parts of tliel 
 Union. The water of the Mohawk here has a porpen llcular filll 
 of 70 feet besides a rapid descent above and below. The baiibl 
 of the river present a grand and romantic appearance, var,\ 
 in almost perpendicular height of from 50 to 120 feet, for a dis-j 
 tance of half a mile below the falls, where a substantial bridge,j 
 about 800 feet long, spans the stream. 
 
 For a distance of 70 miles above these falls, the Mohawll 
 winds tlirough a romantic valley, formerly affording batteau 
 navigation. At Little Falls occurs a descent of about 40 feet ii 
 the distance of half a mile. Above this point the stream agniiij 
 resumes its original character to its head, near the village ofj 
 Rome, Oneida County — the whole valley being celebrated foij 
 lt& fertility and historic reminiscences. 
 
 Fill 
 
 '■Mil 
 
NBW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 55 
 
 iimoi^ mvER smMBOATs. 
 
 I The following list embraces nil »,« -n 
 
 on the Hudson Ri.er, between K w To^k' An' ''"^'' ""'' '""^ "^""'"K 
 first introduetion by Eobert F„lll .t'^t''^!""' ""^ - '^7' «ince thei. 
 
 Bnlie. Name. 
 ISnr.. Clermont 
 
 by Eobert Fulton, in the fall of iVor: 
 
 Tom. Coninmndera, 
 
 IteniRikg. 
 
 808.. North River i-^' q "^ ^'^"ns Namo fl.nno.-^ 
 
 809..Carof Nep'tU::; IT5 ATjt^oTf ••••Kon'ur 
 
 '';™":;- •••■•• "Uroken np.- 
 . n^_."''''°'o"iew8unk 1825. 
 
 |811..1Iope 
 
 f^JI'- Perseverance 
 
 811. .Paragon :r " ' ' " ' al?" l' ^''<"-'"»" ■ ■.■■.■:::.■ "Ken nl? 
 
 4»^8,.„cnv,„„^j:;:.;.S™,;;p. 
 
 ehmond ... ' " ota ' 
 
 si« •x:'^?«'-"»eh.::;- ''^^■ 
 
 H18..Ch. Livingston... 
 
 &:uZZ''T fii- -y™ wi;^;;;/ ; ; : : ;a! !-;s' 
 
 !825. .Sandusky tt Y' ^"'•'I'olomew . Brok n im 
 
 825. . Constit.,tfoni: [ [ [ ] [ '^l •^Cl^wr"'";-. ' " " • • • Totloa?' 
 
 ,_ Constellation. or/t '« , ' -f- Wiswall Now rndinn- 
 
 g. .Ch Jus. Marshalit: sJJ: . R'SdV' 8h''""''^'" • Tow-l!a;g"."" 
 
 ^^jf^phii^defphia:S--^^^^:::::::i"^^^^^ 
 
 127. .Nort/i America. . . . 497 GiZnnT n '^"" ^^'•"k"n " D 
 
 ■-'8. .iC Wn,;;.;; • • • • ?29- -capt. Ketchum •••••• -^ "^ » ^^^^• 
 
 •i>e wittciii'itoii;; 
 
 . .t»ami's Benson 'r,.,.. 1 *^ 
 
 •• Henry Burd- J<>H-l'argo. 
 
 ■ • Wh P. nl.an : : : ■ • •^,t:"'.'?:.':'' ^^a^. 
 
 471 
 208 
 
 irelen 
 
 ■ Swallow 4»'..A. lf( 
 
 •Utioa.. 
 •Bello ... 
 I'xpi'ess 
 
 4'iO. 
 
 oughton. 
 
 "n Tow.l.out. 
 
 AlVvTr Laid up. 
 
 Alex. McLean \L'...„t.' , 
 
 B.'Rlggg- 
 
 840.- : A." Tr: shufr i^'r,"'*"' ^p- ^s«. 
 
 K Arrow " ..D. II«ywoo,V;:: T w h'\ 
 
 >rlh Amorleii' 
 Kiutl, America 
 
 .Troy ""'^'"^'a^ •• • <»)«. M. If. Tr .; „" •"«-l;""t. 
 
 purtoiia. 
 
56 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 Tons, 
 . 891 
 . 230 
 
 BnlU. Name. 
 
 1841.. Columbia. .. 
 1841..Kainbow . .' . 
 1842.. Curtis Peck.. 
 
 1S4<.. Empire 93G. 
 
 J843.. Knickerbocker..,. 8f)8 
 
 lS45..Hero 469. 
 
 1846. .Niagara 7.30 
 
 184-^.. Kip Van Winkle.. 5l0. 
 
 Ifci'lS .Oregon loiM). 
 
 lsti')..I£eri(irik Hudson .1170. 
 
 18-16. Isaac Newtun 1750. 
 
 l?4^s. .Aliila 700. 
 
 1S48. .Commodore 086. 
 
 1850. .Armenia 
 
 18.'0.. Henry Clay* 
 
 1850. .Keindeort 
 
 1860..Metamora 
 
 iA"" ' . . Francis Skiddy . . .lloo" 
 l^&L.New World 1750 
 
 ' Albany. 
 
 Commanden). Hetiiarki. 
 
 .T. P. Newbury Runs to Hudson. 
 
 • Capt. > ury Delaware River. 
 
 . Wm. Peek. James River. 
 
 • R. B. Macy Broken up. 
 
 • r %,?• Niilsou Runs to Albany. 
 
 J. ^ . Hancox N. York to Alba 
 
 .A. DegrDOt Tow-lni.it. 
 
 ■ D- Haywood New York to Troy. 
 
 .Capt. 8t John N. York to Albany 
 
 . Ciinis Peck N York to Albany. 
 
 • J"^: "• ^*^^^ N. York to Albany. 
 
 • ^ap'- li?e Tow-boat ' 
 
 • 9* ^•}' »>■"'>»•« i^ew York to Troy. 
 
 .1. P. Smith N. York to Albanv, i 
 
 C"Pt. Tallnian Rurnt, July -.27, lsi>,| 
 
 T o ^, '"■"''*™ Burnt, !:?ept., 1n')2. 
 
 • r *, 2'*"'"''" N. York to Alhfiny, 
 
 . Levi Smith Now York to Trov. ' 
 
 .A. P. St. John N. York to AibauV. ! 
 
 ftbmu 70"lives mTe'ff '^«" "'"' ^^°'^'^"' '^^ ^^'^'^'^ '^'^'^'^^ «'»'"•""? 
 wid'dStroyid oj flrf ' "' ""'''''' ^''•^''"^' ^"""8 " ^ ?«"«"« ^ '^^A 
 
 k I-! i. 
 
 Copy of an Advertisement taken from the Albany Gazetul 
 dated September, 1807. 
 
 "The North River Steamboat will leave Pnulctr's IIooll 
 Ferry [now Jersey City] on Friday, the 4th of September, at!) 
 in the mnrning, and arrive at Albany on Saturday, at 9 iu the 
 ftftornoon, Provisions, good berths, and accommodations arJ 
 provided. ' 
 
 " The charge to each passenger is as follo-..-s : 
 
 To Nowburgh dolfl. 8. Time, 14 hour* 
 
 " Poughkeepsie «« 4. «• 17 « 
 
 •• Esopus «« 5_ .. OQ <4 
 
 " Hudson « 5j. 11 80 " 
 
 " Albany « 7. a 3(3 ., 
 
 « For places, apply to Wm. Vandorvoort, No. 48 Courtknd 
 Street, on the corner of Oroonwioh Street. 
 «&!>«. 2, 1807." 
 
"Ml. Fulton's new-iOTontod «c<„„i„<,, „v . ■ . 
 ' neat Btyte for p„gst„„ers „wl ! ,' "'' " '"'=<' "P ^'■ 
 
 fork to Albany rsS"' feft T '" :"" '° '^'^ ^•■™ «- 
 
 rt,ch, it was juigej ^e mo4d ttlr?,' "f'""'«='""'to8 
 ff »k niiloa an hour." ^'' *" ''"'«■• i" "le rale 
 
 "ArrivecJ at Albany Oct 4 at in «' i , 
 
 ained by being obliged to L; to ai.^^'^ '•"•' ^"'"^ ^«- 
 aving one of Zr puddle XL '' °'''^''' ^^'^^S to a gale, uzkI 
 
 loop." ^ *''^*°^'»^'^:^'l'y running foul of a 
 
 I NoTE.~It is 'Stated on authoritv of ih. i . n 
 k that the CI.ERMO.T, or ^^jf '^ ^''^'- ^^- «• I^^^"- 
 
 N. the first stoamboa const .^ :r; I r'""^ ""°^'"- 
 rorinte.dence of Robert FuT^ 'l ^ ^"Vf ""^^ "^"^ 
 f feet wide, and 7 feet deep l7Zu]' ' """' '^' '""* ^°"ff' 
 fo feet, widcaeC to 18 fee't 1 !V, "'' '''"""^•""^^ '' 
 
 ftt & Bolton, and /our tl^^^^^^^^^^ '"^ ^"^^^'' V 
 
 f Mr. Fulton. The hul of tl , '' '"''''''''' ^«06. 
 
 K Brown, an elin't^, X XT T":"^' ^'^ 
 ['g-«t. 1807, the boat w«« pv. pdl. bvj '?' ^° 
 
 h to the Jersey «horo. ami on h i'j d " '7 "? '''^^^ 
 (« started « her first trip to Alban^ ''^"' '"""^^'"« 
 
 ^L^®*- For a List of Sfea-"""- ' -^ 
 
 h^nplain. and River St r«»," ""'" "'' '"''*'"'' ^'•'*'' ""tario. 
 
 I 'A 
 
58 
 
 NEW YORK TO ALBANY, TROY, ETC. 
 
 THE CLICRMONT. 
 
 friend, i»"P™ 'If 'i'' ^""°" '""' i"'"".! many of 1 3 
 
 mr ».t "i ^ J . • "'^'•o «ilcnco( for a moment bv » lol 
 — i- ■ - • rr-^-'- "J' ^^"'^rrnco lu tiiO eiigiHvin| 
 
 uiB wntcia hung on the sliaft without any outward timruut Tlu 
 I- now supphod by what are called the wLeJ-g^^^^^^^^^ 3 
 
mu TO sAUTOGAmms^KE omm, etc. 
 
 »U»«o of Saratoga SpriZtot/^'™"''' '»™-'"-g a. the 
 
 'ittthoi(r,Mw/at, and f„/, „"'"''"'■<""'. connecting 
 
 miles aw™ Wat Jm fri ff "'"'"' °' *° ""•'"'" 
 irther dislanco of 20 mi oH I I'™"=*°S "orlhward . 
 
 ii-ti„^T BaS.™ sprtri,::",,*'"""''^^ '"'•'-"'■ «- 
 
 .ado..c.nJingf„„i::,Xt; ::;-"^"«-''' ''."a;.- 
 Stance of 7 miles. S-iratoga Springs, a farther 
 
 Tlio above railroads aflFord the trav^T^r „ i, • 
 .terosting routes. There bein, itt e dt '' "'"'''^ 
 
 ■"«o. it i. won for the toux t to ! . ' "' *^'"*^ ^' ^^■ 
 
 ;:-^'-. thus chaugin^^e LX'^ '^' ^^^^ -^ -"- 
 
 MJ leave the valley ff ?.,. ,, ?''°''""' "■"* S""'"*" R«il- 
 
 Uallsto.v Spa, the co-mtT seat fnr « \ 
 i^ -I ^'ome.hat celebrated^rri ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 'X'' " ^" 
 
 va.'ley near the Kayaderosseras ( .!fT -, '''*"^*''' ^» 
 '^^-f Albany, and /mile~o% '!' "f '• "''' "' *'^« 
 -J -ute. It .,« incorporation ig7:T"'-'' '" "*^^' 
 ^"^ 2,000 inhabitants- arnn,.;. ' ^"^ "^'^ "^^ 
 
 Ian. one Episcopal Tno Ban J' ""' •^'"'' "'^' ^''-byto. 
 
 ly sitll 1 '•' *° ''' "^"^^ P^P"''^^ boarding.houso 
 ly mtuatod near the center of the village. 
 
 i 
 
 fcligli 
 
60 
 
 SARATOGA 8PR1KUS. 
 
 
 The oldest and still the most esteemed mineral fouxitrdx} ig 
 known as the "Public vVell,'" on t^o an w<:i.t of the 00^7 t.^r of 
 the village. It is said to huve been :1rst discovered by the 
 whites in 1709, during the survey nml partition of the Kayu- 
 derosseras Pa,;cnt. It issues from a bed of stiff blue cJay aad 
 gravel. Ee.<idea the above there aro several other P^.ring.j of 
 less note, posse.s^Ing medicinal prop,, rtiey of a simiior cLarircter 
 Tl;,! A'-etv Spring, also on the flat, is of similar i.iopevcies, and 
 8vi<;!L.iitly belongs to the snmo class with those of Saratoga 
 3piings, n.iw so justly celebrated. 
 
 Wirhiu a few miles of Ballston Spa are situated two or three 
 .•a!«£s the largest of which are Ballston, or Long Lake, on 
 Jie so.ith, and Saratoga Lake on the east; the latter abounds 
 with iish of different kinds. 
 
 The village of Saratoga Springs -38 miles north of Albany 
 and 40 miles south of Whiteliall, by railroad route, is pleasantly 
 situated oa a plain, surrounded in part by a beautiful grove j 
 of pine trees. This is the most noted watering-place in tho 
 Union, or on the continent of America ; the mineral springs, 
 possessing great medicinal properties, vary somewhat iu thc*r 
 analyses, although all lying in a valley contiguous to cacii 
 other within one mile. The village is built chielly on one broad 
 ntrcot, iutersccted by cross streets ; and the numerous large j 
 hotels and boarding-houses for the accommodation of visitors 
 gi^o it a lively and imposing appearance, particularly when 1 
 thronged with fashionable company, as it usually is during the 
 summer months. 
 
 Tlie principiil hotels are the United' States Hotel, Union Hall, 
 Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, American Hotel, and Marvin 
 House, all being eituatoil on the mniu street or avenue runnins; , 
 north and south. Other hotels and v >ate boarding-hou--rs , 
 are to be foimd in every direction. 1 am abo several pub- 
 
 iio '^ ithing-houHca near the '=''-rfn. .vh/.».. ,„vM „^,i 
 
 wr ind shower baths can at ■ 1 bo obtained. 
 
 'iuc railroads afford a specv... oiumuniontiou between t 
 Springs and the cities of Albany, f i. wmtadj, and Troy on tlwl 
 
 L'Uliar Rtriiio i.t1. 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 61 
 
 outh while ih. Saratoga and Whitehall RaUroad affords a 
 Lrect and speedy route to Whitehall, Lake George, and Lake 
 phamplain on the north. 
 
 ^ Saratoga Mrr^EKAi. SPHr^Gs.-These are so well known to 
 ourms and so thoroughly described in our guides for travel- 
 
 Irs tha It IS almost a work of supererogation to repeat what is 
 aid of il..r.. They are, without doubt, the most remarkable 
 
 Ihalybeates jn the world ; grateful and refreshing to the palate, 
 adremed-altomvalids beyond all others. In Germany alone 
 
 Jave they any rivals. ^ 
 
 They become every year the resort of the most wealthv, edu- 
 ated, and refined Americans and foreigners; and, „;fortu. 
 
 lately, as a consequence, attract also those chevaliers who prey 
 
 Ipon society, wherever it is accessible, lavish in its expend!- 
 
 lire, and free in its amusements. 
 The accommodations at Saratoga are very extensive and very 
 
 legant Thousands of people are entertained at the same 
 
 pe, without inconvenience. 
 The drives in the vicinity are beautiful, extending on the 
 
 \&i to Saratoga Lake and the Hudson River. 
 
 The following History and Jinalyses of the principal springs 
 ^e mostly copied from ^'Allen's Analyses of the Mineral 
 mintains at Saratoga Springs." 
 «'HiGH Rock SPRmo.-This spring was, beyond a question, 
 to primeval fountain, and the one mainly used by the abori- 
 ines. The other springs, if they existed during the oarly 
 Ivago settlements about them, would have been hu pure, have 
 Name.1 more fresh water, have been more incorporated with 
 e Tcgetablo mold and decaying foliage of the forest than 
 p>8; for It ,s 80 admirably secured by Nature against every 
 Mng foreign to it. Thi.s fountain receives its name from the 
 
 > — /I n.--... ^^KCUliar atrtna -nrl.i/.T. :«»1 2j.^ .. 
 
 tilxl nai"-|^| "--^t i"i:iUo;;.-3 lis moUtU. 
 
 i "To this fountain the Indian resorted for relief, when labor- 
 Pg under disease. Hero he brought his sick friends, and bj 
 pe use of the water reUevod thorn from disease. 
 
 6 
 
62 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 "For many years after its introduction to the white man, it I 
 was the great source of health to the afflicted among them, 
 even as much as it had before been to their savage neighbors; 
 and it still retains its strength and early purity. 
 
 "Perhaps there is no mineral fountain, either here or at I 
 Ballston Spa, which has been so uniform in every particular aa 
 this. Nature did for it Avhat man from necessity has been com- 
 pelled to do for the other fountains here, viz., carefully to tube 
 it. And while the artificial tubes, and various other improve- 
 ments which from time to time have been made about the other 
 fountains, have uniformly been subject to decay, and were 
 almost annually to be renovated, or the several springs would 
 have been lost, this spring, having had Nature for its architect,] 
 has needed no repairs. 
 
 "It is an excellent tonic water, and as an alterative, to be I 
 taken during the day in small quantities, it is a very valuable 
 spring ; and many invalids, every year since it was first visited bj 
 Sir William Johnson, can bear testimony to its remedial powers, 
 " The temperature of this spring was 48°, the surrounding 
 atmosphere at 0, and its specific gravity 1.007; and one cubic I 
 gallon of the water' in January, 18-i4, gave the following m-\ 
 gredients on analysis : 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 190. 233 gra 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 62.100 
 
 Carbonate of Lime 71.533 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 18,421 
 
 Carbonate of Iron 4.233 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda 2.177 
 
 Silex and Alumina 2.500 
 
 Hydro-Bromate of Potash <« 
 
 " Solid contents in one cubic gallon 861.197 
 
 Carbonic Acid 831.666 
 
 Atmospheric Air 2. 
 
 •• Gaseous contents in a callon 333 fifift 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. ^3 
 
 « The circumference of the High Rock at the surface of the 
 I ground is twenty-five feet. 
 
 " Circumference at the top, two feet eight inches 
 
 « Diameter of the opening in its top, ten inches. 
 
 "Distance from the top of the rock to the water within, is 
 two feet eleven inches. 
 
 "Height of the column of water within the reck above the 
 surface of the ground, one foot. 
 
 " Depth of the fountain, ten feet. 
 
 "One hundred grains furnished the following on analysis : 
 
 Carbonate of Lime .. q.,„ 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 3q' j.g ^^*" 
 
 Carbonate of Iron " * * ' jgV^. 
 
 Silex and Alumina ... , r 000 
 
 10.000 
 
 100.000 
 
 !of'ih?rock'''^'''''°'' "''^ """^ """'"'^'"^ ^^ "^ff^-^^* P-rta 
 
 I J'J'^''''T ®"^^^«-T^^« f«"ntain was first discovered by a 
 hunting party, in the summer of 1792. One of this party was 
 
 ho Umted S ates Congress. Gilman had a brother who was 
 
 d to H ^'^'^^'f «7^'^"g t^J« -"^l^^We spring has been award- 
 
 them. But which of the brothers noticed it fi.st can not 
 
 be decided at the present tixne. neither is it important. It was 
 
 ";^"^««;^;ng from an aperture in a calcareous rock, which faced 
 
 ; the valley. This little rivulet receives the surplus water of 
 <"' b-iratoga mineral springs, and passes via Owl Pond Sara- 
 -'ga Lake, an. ^ r ,^ Creek, to the Hudson Riv.r 
 
 i rorattrT.". ^^"'''^'' '' "^« ^P'''»g' ^s it flowed from the 
 
 Its' o r '^' ''*'^*^'"' "^"^ ""'"^^^ "'^"^ t« «PPly Buch 
 
 esta of IS quuhtics as were within their reach. After their 
 
 examination, they came to the conclusion that it was a very ex 
 
" SARATOGA SPRlxVGS. 
 
 te-r-^aiy fountain, containing all the constituents c^ thel 
 other mineral springs here, and perhaps other qualities he- 
 Bides ; or at least the same of the other fountains in larger orl 
 diflferent proportions; and in either case, it was in all probabili 
 ity a very extr..rdi..,.; ..untam. And as they believed it 
 possessed more or less of every constituent which enters i. J 
 the composition of the other mineral fountains here, they vorv 
 appropriately made selection of that name which it now bears' 
 V.Z., Congress Spring. 
 
 " The temperature of the water of this spring, as shown bvl 
 Fahrenheit's thermometer, when immersed at tl^e bottom of the 
 well, IS oO degrees, and it does not appear to suffer any sensible 
 variation either dm-ing the summer or winter months 
 
 " The specific gravity of the water at the temperature of 60i 
 deg., the barometr. ranging at 29.5 inche is 1009.7, pure 
 water being one thousand. Excessively wet. or long seasons of 
 dry weather, seem to produce a slight variation from this ve- 
 suit; but repeated experiments, made at different periods, and 
 under various circumstances of season, etc., for the space of 
 more than twenty years, have in no instance pi ..luced a devia- 
 tion of more than the 0.5 of a grain." 
 
 One gallon or 231 cubic inches, of the water of the Centre. 
 Sr ■ 'ng coMtuns the .Ilowing substances, viz • 
 
 Ohloriae of Sodium oc- nan 
 
 TT , . , obo.OOO errs 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda .... o rnn 
 
 T> , o.oOO 
 
 ! rbonate of foda " g gg„ 
 
 BI carbonate of Magnesia . . " " 95 788 
 
 Carbonate of Limo '.'....'..'' 98 098 
 
 Carbonate of Iron r \.-r 
 
 Silex.... ^-^'^ 
 
 TT , , 1.600 
 
 Hydro-bror , „ ,tash, a trace .qOO 
 
 ^ Solid contents in a gallon JJ?!^.™ 
 
 uarDonio Acid Gas U ° 
 
 Atmospheric Air - 
 
 Gaseous contents in a gallon "^ ^ubic inches 
 
 Chloride ( 
 Bi-carboD 
 Bi-carbon 
 Bi-carbon 
 'fydriodal 
 iJ.i-carbon 
 
 Soil oo: 
 Spe 
 
 The following 
 of d»rmilturt 
 have been fully 
 
 •' The most j 
 the presence oJ 
 detect it in one 
 free from iron, 
 four hours, pro 
 salt, when evaj 
 
 — r'-'"o» '■^ " 
 ofF latoga. II 
 pungency and 1 
 ago. 
 
iuents of thei 
 qualities le 
 in larger or 
 all probabil. 
 y believed itj 
 I enters intoj 
 •e, they vervi 
 t now bears, 
 
 5 seasons of | 
 'om this re- 
 )eriods, andj 
 le space of j 
 !ed a devia- 
 
 le Conjrress 
 
 B5.000 grs 
 
 3.600 
 
 8.982 
 
 >o.788 
 
 »8.098 
 
 6.075 
 
 1.600 
 
 .000 
 
 7.943 crn 
 
 ■ o'- 
 
 saraioga springs. ^5 
 
 The Empire Sprung, situated in the north part of the vU- 
 
 ; age, a few rods above the High Rock Spring, and near the 
 
 lodme Springs, is a new and highly valuable fountain, possess- 
 
 ing all the curative qualities of these most celebrated mineral 
 
 waters. • ' 
 
 The grounds in the vicinity of the Empire Spring are bus- 
 ceptible of great improvement, which is about being :tfected by 
 as^Lberal and enterprising proprietors, Messrs. G. W. W^srol 
 
 It was analyzed by Prof. E. i.auuons in 1846, and found to 
 , be highly medicinal in its properties 
 
 ^^ as Mowsf '" '' ''° ''"'^" ''^*"' '' ^^°^- ^ ^---B> - 
 
 Chlo.ideofSodiuna 269.696 gr«. 
 
 Bi-carbonate of Lime ... i ^ i oo. 
 
 B, . „ 141. oz4 
 
 i-carbonate of Magnesia 41 984 
 
 Bi-carhonate of Soda on'o.o 
 
 lydriodate of Soda or Iodine 13 000 
 
 i^i-carbonate of Iron, a trace ".000 
 
 Soi. ontcnts in a gallon ^852 
 
 Speciiic gravity j qoq 
 
 The following remarks are copied from the Jlmerican Journal 
 of .hncnlture and Science, and ih^ facts as stated ir I84u 
 have been fully corroborated bj observation and experience: 
 
 Ihe most remarkable fact brought out by this analysis ^g 
 he pi-esencc of a largo quantity of Iodine. We were able to 
 
 ree from iron, as tincture of nutgalls, after standing twenty. 
 oju. hours, produced merely a green tinge or color, and the 
 salt, when evaporated, is white, or slightly vcllowish white 
 ..p jHj;, .. ., ,jx35 10 ua, 18 quite an accession to the waters 
 
 pun.l ! ^^'' , V V " "^™«^^"'''y ^^^^'-^^ saline taste, with a 
 pungency and liveliness which makes it agreeable as a borer, 
 ttge. 
 
^^ 8ARAT0GA SPRINGS. 
 
 Pavilion FouNXAm.-Tliis truly beautiful fountain is situ- 
 ate m the rear of the Columbian Hotel, and a few rods south- 1 
 ea. of the Flat Kock Spring. It was long since discovered, and 
 experiments made upon the water by the late Dr. J. H Steed 
 Its remoteness, however, from the bank which gave egress t^, 
 the other mmeral fountains in the valley, places it in the midst 
 Of a deep morass, where it makes its appearance through an 
 alluvial deposit of some forty feet in depth. 
 
 • '^^^ZT' ^^' ^'''^ "^""'^ "'^^' ^^^'^ ^* ^o°^« a^d abroad. 
 
 since 1840. The free acid of the spring is most abundant, and 
 
 passes off m great quantities from the mouth of the fountain 
 
 Its water IS not so heavy as that of the Congress Spring; but 
 
 the hberal quantities of free gas which is present impart to it 
 
 When drank, a very smart, pungent taste, and induce many to 
 
 thmk It the strongest water of the valley. They form their 
 
 opinion from the effects it produces on the palate while drinkin^ 
 
 xt. This smart, pungent, and grateful taste, which is so char! 
 
 acteristic of all our mineral waters here, would be enhanced 
 
 by drinking them from metallic cups, instead of the glass turn- 
 
 biers so generally used. The reason is obvious to those who 
 
 have studied the principles of galvanism. 
 
 Analysis of the Pavilion Fountain. 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 99r r« 
 
 „ . z.ib.00 grs. 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 62 50 
 
 Carbonate of Lime. . . rn o^ 
 
 r, , 00.24 
 
 Carbonate of Soda ^ -q 
 
 Oxide of Iron * „' ^ 
 
 Iodine of Sodium ^ 
 
 Bromide of Potassium ) 2.75 
 
 ^f* ■ 62 
 
 Alumina 
 
 .2o 
 
 Om mi 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas, cubic inches .... 480.01 i 
 Atmospheric air 8 09 3 ^^^'^^ 
 
'■e egress to 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. §7 
 
 Pax^AM-s Co^GHKss.-Tys fountain is situated midway be- 
 tween Broadway and Putn.n, Street., and nearly opposite the 
 Umted States Hotel. It was discovered a long time since by 
 Mr Lewis Putnam, who, in 1835, excavated, tubed, and care- 
 fully secured it from the fresh water, and all other foreign sub- 
 stances about it. 
 
 It is justly a popular fountain, and is much used by both 
 citizens and strangers, many of whom are particularly attached 
 to It, and use it instead of the Congress, for cathartic purposes 
 with good success. 
 
 The water has been vended in considerable quantities everv 
 year since it has been in complete operation 
 
 In connection with the spring is a bathing establishment, 
 second to no other in the place for commodious baths, large 
 rooms, and proper attendants. This, as well as the spring, is 
 owned by Messrs. Putnam & Son, and always subject to their 
 personal superintendence. 
 
 Temperature of this spring, 48°. 
 
 Analysis. 
 
 One gaUon of the water furnished the following constituents, 
 on analysis : 
 
 Chloride of Sodium oon nnn 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 15 431 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia 45 goO 
 
 t'exbonate of Lime . . -a ,.00 
 
 ., ■ . „ / 0.433 
 
 Carbonate of Iron - 003 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda 2 5OO 
 
 Bromide of Potash * ^ | " ''^, 
 
 Silex and Alumina . . , c.^ 
 
 l.oOO 
 
 Solid contents in one gallon ^62697 
 
 Carbonic Acid 3^7^33 
 
 Atmospheric Air g ^^g^ 
 
 Gaseous contents in a gallon 320833 
 
69 8AKAT0GA SPRINGS. 
 
 Iodine Spring. -This fountain is situated in the northeast 
 part of the village, a few rods north and east of the High Rock. 
 Large quantities of this water have been sold in th^city of 
 New York, and in various towns on the sea-board, as well as 
 the interior; and some of it has been shipped to the Eastern 
 Continent. Though comparatively a light water, it appears to 
 be well adapted to bottling. 
 
 When taken in reasonable quantities, and subject to proper 
 restrictions, it sits well on the stomach, without producing 
 headache, as is the casn with some of the other waters. It is 
 much drank for a morning water by the inhabitants of the vil- 
 lage living in its vicinity; and there is no doubt of its much 
 more general use, were it more accessible to the principal hotels 
 and boarding-houses of the village. 
 
 Analysis of the Walton, or Iodine Spritig. 
 
 Muriate of Soda 187 irr3 
 
 Carbonate of Lime oy 
 
 Carbonate of Iron I 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia . , 75 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda, or lodino 4 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas 8G0 cubic inches 
 
 Atmospheric Air 4—304 
 
 The freedom of this water from iron is truly rmmrklible 
 and, ns Prof Emmons, the State Geologist, remarks, -supplio,' 
 a desideratum which has been wonting, viz , a water whicli 
 may bo drank by a certain class of invalids with whom iron 
 proves an injury." He also remarks that •' this water conta>a, 
 more iodine than any other spring, which adapts it to many of 
 the forms of ,crofuln, goiter, 'Ac, for which it mav bo froolv 
 unmk, Without inducing dol.ility. It ,h likewise peHcctly ftvo 
 from sediment. an<l is as pure after being bottled os the in,«l 
 nellucld fresh-water spring " 
 
8AHAT0GA SPRINGS. 
 
 69 
 
 Ten Springs.— About a mile from the High Rock Spring, in 
 an eastern direction, are situated the Ten Springs, so called 
 from the circumstance of there being that numbor located near 
 , together. They never have acquired much celebrity, and it is 
 probable, from their proximity to others so distinguished, that 
 they will never rise into much consequence. 
 
 White Sulphur Spring.— This spring is situated on the 
 east side of Saratoga Lake, about half a mile south of Snake 
 Hili. Its location is in a beautiful ravine, in the middle of 
 which runs a fine little stream of fresh water, and a few rods 
 east of the fountain it falls into the lake. As the ravine ap- 
 proximates the shore of tlie lake it widens a little, and the south 
 bank particularly rises very abruptly to the height of some 85 
 ov 40 feet above the surface of the brook. 
 \ Within some twenty rods of the lake shore a deep niche is 
 formed in the south bank, somewhat in the form of a horse- 
 i'hoe. Tlio bank here is alracat perpendicular with its base but 
 ■X little elevated above the brook, wliich is within a few feet of 
 the main bank of the ravine. At the base of this high bank. 
 nd at the center of the horse-shoe, passes out this sulphur 
 ^prm,% and its course to the brook is marked by the white sul- 
 phur which is deposited. 
 
 The temperature of this spring is 18^ barometer at 30°, and 
 the temperature of the atmosphere at zero. 
 
 Its specific gravity is lOOO.o. 
 
 Sulphureted Hydrogen q g 
 
 Atmospheric Air ^ q 
 
 Silex and Alumina, three grains to the gallon. 
 Tlio QuAKK.1 Springs, situated about 10 miles in a southeast 
 Oircction f-om Saratoga Springs, in the town of Saratoga, are 
 of 801110 .'( lobrity. They contain lime, mague^ia, and iron, hftid 
 u» solution by carbonic acid, and, like the otliers in the county [ 
 fbo,' likewise contain a portion of common salt and 8o<ia. 
 
 The other springs of loss note nro the ''/at liock, JlamilUm, 
 Columbian, and ]i'a$hingtun Spring, 
 
 ^•;:i 
 
70 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 On leaving Saratoga Springs for Whitehall, 40 miles, or Lake 
 George, 29 miles, the northern route is continued by the Sara! 
 toga and Whitehall Railroad. If the traveler is destined fori 
 Lake George, the car-^ are left at Mvreau Station, 15 rnilesl 
 above Saratoga Springs, where stages will be found in readi-f 
 noss to transport passengers over a good plank ro.id to Glfn\ 
 Falls, 6 miles, and from thence to Caldwell, 9 miles farther 
 Here are situated two large and popular hotels, affording evevj] 
 accommodation that may be desired ; also, other luxuries that! 
 money alone can not purchase, viz., good mountain air, pure, 
 vrholosome water, and delicious fish of different kinds, such as 
 ouglit to satisfy any "gourmand or faster" who has long beeJ 
 waiting to enjoy the luxury of partaking of the finely- flavored 
 trout of Lake Horicon or its tributaries. 
 
 Passengers bound for Whitehall. Rutland, Burlington, Platts-, 
 burgli, or Montreal, proceed north from Moreau Station or Fort 
 Edward, situated on the Hudson River, direct to the former 
 place. At Whitehall the railroad route diverges east toward 
 Rutland and Boston, while steamers of a largo class run twice 
 daily on Lake Chaniplain, leaving Whitehall morning audi 
 
 evening. 
 
 For a further description of Lake Ooorge, etc., see " Tri{\ 
 Through the Lakes, 
 

 i*\rA\iwSint 
 
W i 
 
 lEOUTES FROM 
 
 The first lia 
 
 [navigable watei 
 
 land Schenecfa 
 
 lA'cw Fork Cen 
 
 I railroads in thi: 
 
 11826. It cxtcE 
 
 jpasses over a tr 
 
 jtance with a thi 
 
 The Scheneci 
 
 [centlj been put 
 
 Ithecity of Sche 
 
 I making, with tli 
 
 I tlio tide waters 
 
 Tliis road from 
 
 with the Mohaw 
 
 j beauty of its sec 
 
 \Xew York Cenl 
 
 The City of ! 
 
 |han(isomcly situ? 
 
 I true comraoncon 
 
 I This is an anoien 
 
 by the Dutch, mi 
 
 dffollJuggof theii 
 
 JMibits. Thiapla 
 
 I J^c, signifying j„ 
 
 juuriHg the old ] 
 
 tftlfca by surprise 
 
 I h' ttie Indiaas •, « 
 
 oreJ, and other* c 
 
 '""'^^m 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 |eOUTE3 from ALBANY AND TROT TO BUFFALO, NIAQARi 
 
 FALLS, ETC. 
 
 The first link of the great chain of railroads connecting tht 
 Inavigable waters of the Hudson with Lake Erie is the Albany 
 \and Schenectady Railroad, now forming a part of the great 
 iJTm. York Central Railroad. It was one of the first constructed 
 railroads in this State, the company having been chartered in 
 11826. It extends from Albany to Schenectady, 17 miles, and 
 Ipasses over a tract of sandy land, covered nearly tLo whole dis- 
 jtance with a thick growth of stunted pines. 
 
 The Schenectady and Troy Railroad, which has more re- 
 cently been put in operation, extends from the city of Troy to 
 the city of Schenectady, on a lino of 20 miles in length, and 
 making, with the other road, two lines of travel diverging from 
 the tide waters of the Hudson, in addition to the Erie Canat. 
 This road from Troy incline, to the north, running parallel 
 with the Mohawk Iliver, and is remarkable for the variety and 
 beauty of its scenery. This road also now forms a part of the 
 l^fw lurk Central Railroad. 
 
 Tbo City of ScnE:.ECTADY, IG miles west of Albany, ia 
 
 handsomely situated on the south bank of the Mohawk, at the 
 
 tni. commencomeni of the celebrated valley of that river 
 
 '■-MS an ancient place, having been settled as early as 1020. 
 
 I V the Dutch, many of whose living descendants reside in the 
 
 , I "'olmgs of their ancestors, and retain many of their primitive 
 
 P ■"^'tH. This place was calUvJ by tho Indians Hrkagh-nactua^ 
 
 p^'.-. figmfying, in their kuiraage^ '^ beyond th? pine --'5i'-# " 
 
 ji"iriag the old French anU Indian wa'rs, KebTo, IfiRoTt wm 
 
 taken X.J surprise in the dead of night. ,va« «ackcd and burned 
 
 \i r\r ' "" ^'""'^ ""'"^•'"'" "^ "' i«habitanUi were ma«8*. 
 pre-i, and other, carried away into c.tptivity It ^^.^ clmrl«»erl 
 

 :> !;,:l 
 
 72 
 
 WESTERN- TOUR. 
 
 I 
 
 as a city in 1798, and in 1855 contained 8,389 inhabitants i 
 Few inland towns present a more thronged thoroughfare than 
 fecnenectady. In addition to the Erie Canal, which p.s.eJ 
 through the center of the city, here diverge three important 
 railroadg. Besides those already mentioned, there is the Sara 
 toga and Schenectady Railroad, luiining to Ballston Spa an.i 
 to Saratoga Springs, 21;, miles. 
 
 The public buildings, dwellings, and stores in Schenectady I 
 present a plain appearance, perfectly in keeping with the gene' 
 ral character of the place. There are several well kept hotel, 
 affording every desirable accommudat'on for the traveler if in-' j 
 chned to tarry for business or pleasure. The place derives its I 
 moat extended celebrity from being the seat of Union Co/h-c, ' 
 situated on the elevated ground about half a mile east of t'he ' 
 compact part of the city. This institution was incorporated in 
 lido, and derived its name from the fact that its founders were 
 members of diflferent denominations, and proflfored its advan- 
 tagM indiscriminately to the followers of every faith The 
 buildings consist of one stone and Uvo brick edifices, containing 
 accommodations for the president and professors and their 
 faimlzes; two chapels, lecture and library rooms, four halls for 
 the meeting of literary societies, and dor,),itories for students 
 ot whom there are usually from 200 to JJOO. from every section 
 of the country. Attached to the institution are about 2.)0 
 acres of laiid, appropriated in part to groves for recreation ni,.l 
 health. These are distinguished for beauty of foature and situ- 
 ation, and present great capability for improvement. The an- 
 nual commencement takes place on the fourth Wednesday of 
 July, after which there is a vacation of six weeks 
 
 On leaving Schenectady for Saratoga Springs and for Utica. 
 therauroad tracks cross the Erie Can-il and Mohawk Kiver by 
 substantial bridges. If bouod for the Spric.g«, you proeee.1 
 northward thr.,«gh n„ interacting region, p^si^g on the way 
 •^-^7" ^^''^^^'"^ •^Pa, aa old and celebrated place of re- 
 ««rt and tbe terminus of the JRensselner and Saratoga Jiail- 
 r<md, which coaee up from Troy. If bound to tHe West, your 
 
 ■i' ■*:«•" 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 73 
 
 route is on the north .Me of the Mohawk, and your first halt is 
 |at the village of 
 
 I ;\^f !;f "^^^f' 1^ '^^'^ from Schenectady, and connected by 
 
 a toll-bndge with Poht Jackho., on the opposite side of the 
 
 river. Amsterdam contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and in 
 
 the laimcdiate vicinity are annually quarried large quantities 
 
 ht u fine quality of limestone, much used for the constructioB 
 
 lot locks and other publitj woiks. 
 
 Stages leave Amsterdam daily for the Fish IIousk, on the 
 SaconcJaga Iliver, and for other places to the north in Fulton 
 County. One or two miles west of Amsterdam, on the line of 
 tne rauroad, are situated two of the old stone mansion, of the • 
 Johnson family, who figured largely in the early history of this . 
 Ipart of the country. 
 
 Fox„A, a pleasant village of recent date, and the county seat . 
 Mon gomery County, i. 42 miles by railroad from Albany 
 It sands on the north side of the xMoh.wk. and opposite the • 
 [Village of FuLToxvn.LE, on the Erie C»nal 
 
 in.Hh r7';r\?T"^'r""*^ "'''' "' ^^"'^'^ ^°""^y' 1^«« 4 miles . 
 north the Mohawk River, and 45 miles from Albany. This 
 
 f'-^ an old and interesting place, containing about 1,700 inhabit- • 
 
 nats^ It was orighially foumled by Sir William Johnson, whose 
 
 • -^i<lcM^ce built, of limestone, is .till standing about one mile 
 
 •est of tiie village. A daily line of stages runs from Johns- 
 
 o^vi, to I'onda, connecting with the cars on tha Nf.w York Cen. 
 
 |trnl Rtiilroad. 
 
 ^PUAKEH's Basin, on tho line of ihe Erie Canal, is 33 mileB - 
 -"I -S'henectady. Here is located a thriving settlement, con- * 
 ra.nmg a cliurch and some 30 or 40 dwellings. 
 
 i'A,.AT,.N,c BRinoE, 61 miles from Albany, connects with the 
 I ' i.»ge ot Cana^ohahik. on tho south bank of the Mohawk 
 p'vor. tanHJ„hario was incorporated in 1820. and now con- 
 
 IwasnbouJ-. 1 Aiifi Jj,i.„kji 4_ m, , 
 
 Ll , " ^'t-^'.-ittiias. if'w fine Utitmi passes ihrou'rh 
 
 e center of tho village. Stages leave this place daily. dur4 
 the^summe. Hoason. for 8haron Sulphur Springn and Coopora 
 
 
74 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 Sharon Springs, some 8 or 10 miles south of Canajoharie, 
 amd 45 miles west of Albany, via the Cherry Valley turnpike, 
 being 55 miles by railroad, via Palatine Bridge, has become a 
 place of great resort for health and pleasure. The rides in the 
 vicinity; the numerous villages ; extensive views; neighboring 
 caves, and romantic scenery, together with the delightful fish- 
 ing in Otsego Lake, are among the many attractions offered to 
 those seeking in the heat of summui' either health or pleasure. 
 Herff are 5 or 6 first class Hotels for the accommodation of 
 visitors, being usually thronged with guests during the summer 
 mcmths. 
 
 These healthful fountains possess powerful attractions for the 
 seekers of health, of pure air, and of splendid natural scenery. 
 The springs are highly medicinal, and exceedingly pleasant 
 and grateful, because the water is very cold when first taken 
 from th3 fountain. Magnesia is the prevailing medicinal in- 
 gredient in one spring, and sulphur in the other. 
 
 The country around the Springs, and the Springs themselves, 
 are elevated 900 feet above the Mohawk River, from which 
 they are distant about eight miles. The elevation is achieved 
 by a gradual ascent throughout the whole of this distance. A 
 traveler who leaves the city of New York in the evening boat 
 for Albany, may take breakfast in that city the next morning, 
 and then place himself in a railroad car, which will convey 
 him to Schenectady, and up the romantic valley of the Mohawk, 
 to Palatine Bridge. There he takes a post-coach, and, availing 
 himself of a plank road most of the way, is set down at the 
 Springs before 1 o'clock, p.m. Fare from Albany, $1 10 in 
 car, and $1 iu post-coach. 
 
 Arrived at the Springs, he will find a number of houses for 
 the temporary, and always very agreeable, accommodation of 
 travelers or boarders. The oldest and most conspicuous of these 
 is the ^^ Pavilwn" kept by Mr= Gardiner^ Th.w house bein? 
 very largo, will accommodate some throe hundred persons, and 
 it is kept in a style of elegance and luxury unsurpassed at any 
 Watering place in the country. The site of the house, ai 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 75 
 
 piazza in front, command a most extensive and variegated 
 prospect of the country for many miles around in the vicinity. 
 The house next in importance is kept by Mr. S. Eldridgo, and 
 called the " Eldridge House." It is nearer to the Springs than 
 the " Pavilion," and the charges for board are more moderate, 
 although the house is extremely well provided. 
 
 The pure, clear waters of these springs, greatly resembling 
 those of the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, have been 
 proved to be highly ei^cacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and 
 dyspeptic complaints, and, in some respects, possess medicinal 
 and healing properties unsurpassed, and believed to be un- 
 equaled, in the United States or Canada. 
 
 Cooper ST0WN-, although off from the great line of travel, 
 east and west, is well worthy of a visit. It is 66 miles west of 
 the city of Albany, by stage route, and most delightfully 
 situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego Lake, this being the 
 chief source of the Susquehanna River. No iiiland village in 
 the Union probably excels Cooperstown in elegance of situation 
 and beauty of surrounding scenery. Otsego Lake, in the 
 immediate vicinity, is a most beautiful sheet of water, abound- 
 ing in trout and bass, celebrated for their peculiar flavor. 
 
 Richfield Springs, 69 miles from Albany, is situated near 
 the head of Canaderaga Lake. There are also three or four 
 well-kept hotels for the accommodation of visitors. 
 
 Richfield Sulphvr Springs are some 1,800 feet above tide 
 water, in a valley south of the Mohawk, amidst surrounding 
 mountains, about 70 miles west of Albany, it> south of Her- 
 kimer, in the immediate vicinity of the beautiful lakes of 
 Otaego and Schuyler ; in fact, tlicre are five lakes, abounding 
 with fish, within one hour's ride of the American Hotel, kept 
 by Wm. P. Joimson. 
 
 Visitors will always find private (.or*- ancea at llcvkiraer 
 Station, on the lino of the N. Y. Centr; luilroad, or they caa 
 avail themselves of the daily stages whicn convey the mail to 
 
76 
 
 ■WESTERN ToUK. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 w 
 
 Richfield Springs, so that parties visiting the Springs can leave 
 the city of New York in the evening boats, and reach the 
 Springs on the afternoon of the next day, and those leaving it 
 by morning cars reach it on the same day. 
 
 Fort Pi.ain, 57 miles from Albany by railroad route, on 
 the south side of the Mohawk River, is situated on the Ime of 
 the Erie Canal. It was incorporated in 1834, and now con- 
 tains about 1,500 inhabitants. A daily line of stages runs from 
 this place to Cherry Valley, Cooperstown, and Sharon Sprin..s 
 in Schoharie County. ° 
 
 SAmx JoHNsviLLE, 63 miles from Albany, and 31 from 
 
 > ica, IS situated on the north side of the Mohawk, on the line 
 
 -t the New York Central Railroad; it contains about 300 
 
 ^habitants. The railroad cars usually stop here a sufficient 
 
 imo to enable passengers to obtain refreshments. 
 
 EAsr Caxada Ckeek enters the Mohawk River 3 miles west 
 of St. Tolmsville. This stream, for a considerable distance, 
 forms the boundary line between the counties of Montgomery 
 and Ilerkjmer ^ '' 
 
 f t'^Ti^'^'^'' "''^^"^'^ ^^'"°*^' ^^ «^*"''^^<^d '^ l^oth sides 
 of the Mohawk, .3 miles west of the city of Albany. It was 
 
 first incorporated in 1811, and amended in 1827; it now con- 
 tarns about 4,000 inliabitants and 400 dwelling-houses The 
 Mohawk Ihver here falls, in the distance of half a mile,' about 
 4. feet, affordmg hydraulic power to a largo extent, only a 
 small portion of which is at present occupied for manufactuL 
 purposes ° 
 
 This place and vicinify is justly celebrated 'for its Avild and 
 romantic scenery, and is much resorted to by the admirers of 
 uaure and art. The gap between the mountains, through 
 
 ^. ^': ""' "fP"^--""y worn ivv itself a passage, 
 
 though confined, is still of breadth sufficient to afford room fr^ 
 a largo town Ti.e rock at the river bed is primitive granitic 
 gnei,.5, very hard, but is readily quarried and broken into 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 77 
 
 bmldmg stone. Above this, on the mountain sides, lies the 
 
 sand rock, and still higher, at the top. are extensive beds of 
 I blue bmestone, great quantities of which havo ^^en used in 
 I constructing the locks, and for building, for - and for 
 
 flagging. Through this gorge passes the Erie Canll. on the 
 
 south side of the river, and the Utica and Schenectady Rail- 
 I road and the Mohawk turnpike on the north. It is the gateway 
 
 through which the product and travel of the vast West must of 
 necessity, pass to tide water. An aqueduct crosses the Mohawk 
 at this place, communicating with a feeder on the north side of 
 the river, and is a fine specimen of masonry. A daily line of 
 I stages runs between Little Falls and Trenton Falls, and several 
 • mail routes north and south branch off at this place. 
 
 West Canada Creek enters the Mohawk River 5 miles 
 west of Little Falls. Its whole length is about 60 miles from 
 Its sources, in the wilds of Hamilton County. It is a romantic 
 and lovely stream, and abounds with fine trout. About 20 
 miles from it3 mouth are situated Trenton Falls, being on the 
 border of the town of the same name in Oneida County 
 
 The village of Hekkimeu, 79 miles from Albany, is hand- 
 somely situated in the valley of the Mohawk, on the north side 
 11.^ rinn -^^ """" ^"^°^P«rated in 1807, and now contains 
 about 1,200 mhabitants. 150 dwelling-houses, a new brick 
 court-house, and stone jail, built on an improved model, com- 
 bmmg security and comfort to the prisoners. Here is a flour- 
 mg mm, containing four run of stone, situated on a kyJraulic • 
 J«««/, which is fed by the waters of the West Canada Creek 
 
 IS about three miles in length, and has two fulls, one of 22 ' " 
 f^et and another of 15 feet, affording water-power sufficient to 
 p. pel upward of 100 run of stone, most of which is unoccupied 
 
 ihe village of Mohawk, situated on the south side of the 
 ^'ver, one mile west of Herkimer, is a thriving place of h»«,-. 
 "«^, inrough which passes the Erie Canal 
 
 line of the Erie Canal, and cont.iins about 600 
 
 iniabitanta. 
 
%, 
 
 ^} 
 
 ^<^.<^% 
 
 <'^. 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET {MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 15 ^^ 
 mm 
 
 m 
 
 18 
 
 i^ IIIIII.6 
 
 PllOl 
 
 C 
 
 Sciences 
 Corpordtion 
 
 33 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIBSTER.NY MS 60 
 
 (716)1172-4303 
 
 # 
 
 iV 
 
 iV 
 
 #; 
 
 [v 
 
 
 ^--^1& 
 
 o^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
o 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 t/i 
 
 Z. 
 
78 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 The City of Utica, situated on the south side of the 
 Mohawk River, is on the site of old Fort Schuyhr, 95 miles 
 west of the city of Albany. It was chartered in 1832, and is 
 now divided into four wards, r^fd governed by a common coun- 
 cil, consisting of a mayor and 12 aldermen. In 1855 it con- 
 tained 22,109 inhabitants, about 2,000 dwelling-houses, 4 
 Presbyterian churches, 1 Reformed Dutch, 2 Episcopal, 4 Bap- 
 tist, 3 Methodist, 2 Roman Catholic, and 1 African church, 
 and 1 Friends' meeting-house; 1 Protestant and 1 Catholic 
 orphan asylum; 6 banking houses and 2 savings' banks; 1 
 mutual insurance company ; 2 incorporated academies, one for 
 males and the other for females; a museum located in the 
 Exchange building; 10 hotels and taverns, besides several 
 private boarding-houses ; 2 extensive steam woolen factories ; 
 1 large steam cotton factory, and 1 screw factory — all recently 
 erected. 
 
 The JVttt) York State Lunatic Asylum, situated on some- 
 what elevated ground, about one mile west of the center of 
 Utica, is a noble and imposing structure. The finished build- 
 ing can accommodate upward of GOO patients. This humane 
 establishment is calculated for the reception of all insane per- 
 sons in the State, whoso friends or county authorities may 
 . apply in their behalf. 
 
 In addition to the Erie Canal, which passes through the ccn- 
 1 tor of the city, the Chenango Canal commences at this place, 
 f and terminates at Binghamton, in Broome County. The Black 
 i Riofr and Utica Railroad here connects with the N. V. 
 i Central Railroad, forming the principal link in the great chain 
 ucf railroads which is completed between the cities of Boston. 
 . Albany, and IJuflfalo. 
 
 The city of Utica is surrounded by one of the fincsi md 
 I richest agricultural and manufacturing districts in the Union, 
 
 nnil Sh a. wnnlfliv nnil f1iiiiriL:iiinrv ii1iw<u >>f Imuii 
 
 
 • Canal through the city has been widened to 70 and deepeneJ 
 » to 7 foot, and presents n fine appearance from the several beau- 
 I tiful and we'' iifliructod bridges which span its breadth. 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 79 
 
 Street, of wl„ch U,o following are the most noted : B»g™- Hotel 
 or Bleecker Houbo, American Hotel, and Franklin lloZ. 
 
 I»E^To» F,u..s, 15 miles northeast from Ulica by railroad 
 «d stage. s,.„ated on the IVest C»„„da Creek, in the town'f 
 Trenton are among .ho most rom,„kable scenes in our coun- 
 fry. Iho w,ld. seclude,!, and primeval aspect of the pace 
 
 pmu ted iy the stream i and the whole i, so deeply emhosom- 
 e^m the pr.m.tive forest that n„ token of ,he long and dl 
 Eorge through ,vh,eh the waters rush is visible till you are „' 
 .ts very br.nk. Within a distance of about two miles the "are 
 no le« than si. distinct cascades, interchanging wil^ apra" 
 picturesque as the falls themselves. " 
 
 The lirst fall, beginning up strea.n, is called the Upper 
 
 U« «., and has a descent of about 20 feet. The river the! 
 «.« along its rocky b«, about a mile, with a desl' " 
 ^ distance, of about 20 feet more, ,„ the second f„lls, ca W 
 
 \n Ca.ea,l,,. A little farther down you come to th^ third 
 
 . place the volume of the strcan, is separated, by fts t 
 tlioroek, mto three distinct cataracts, havL a ^IL , 
 
 C :::: t, "" r "°" "■° *'"■- ■-" — "^ 
 
 Oh', „''"','"«" T" "»■"» """ '••'iff" of. hare rock on 
 « a"d„ ° "",' ""= "'"'"■""'» '" "'""' » "!««'«* of 
 
 «e to ,n:r"''''r- ^''""' "• ™" '""■"' ""- ^•- 
 
 n«,rv40f , r , ■""■•■""•'" «'"'. l.«»i..g a ,Ie,cent of 
 ULl^l' f'-."- foot of which the «,„„,n ^,„„ ,,J[ 
 
 inil.0,' J'"'*' "ff "'""K «•'' '0 "'0 "iilh.or tt.„;,„r, Ai,,/," , 
 
 •".V b nk^ !nd ' 1 ''""""• """" °"""^ ■'""'- -"* 
 I ' "''"'" "">' tlirough a softer kudsoapo. 
 
 '» -r 
 
The chasm, 
 
 |iuas3 of linio-i 
 
 jtlie path whicl: 
 
 pdoquato ccnc( 
 
 Jock noar the i 
 
 |.'recipi(;o, aiil 
 
 riiis slielf is sc 
 
 It has been foui 
 
 (jy iron standai 
 
 » tie-guaid was 
 
 ji;iJ been lost in 
 
 ftream, from th 
 
 Valh, is stated i 
 
 Trenton Fai, 
 
 lud fashionable 
 
 The villaj^e of 
 
 [tuated on the 8( 
 
 the oldest whi 
 
 jas long been ceh 
 
 isidence, being s 
 
 llligent and we 
 
 t13i and now c 
 
 liom are engngoc 
 
 J<'hi5kany, 7 ra 
 
 I'"' '. situated on 
 
 |e Mohawk River 
 
 pling-houses, 2 
 
 m factory build 
 
 Ng (^"ompany," 
 •ihs jitwi „ • 
 
 pl<'3-niont to abo 
 ''''"K". grounds, 
 Nt $200,000. 
 
WESTERN TOUR. gj 
 
 The chasm, for the whole distance ia r»f ih.. i 
 mass of lin.o-rock. which abounds wi "It?" ' ''1 
 Itlie path which the tourist must tale if i, ' '"^' 
 
 |u1oquato conceptions of the scene tin '''"" ""^' 
 
 Vk near the foot of the iZuZV ^ ^ ''"'''"^ ^''^'^ «^ 
 
 lyiron standards let infn fi S"*"™ '^^'^h a chain supported 
 
 Trenton Fals Hotel, kept bv Mr Afnn.n • 
 }ua fasluonable resort. ^ '' '' '^ ^^^^^"^ ^^ S^-^at 
 
 y6«f«c.loryb„,,,;„l ,,;■ ^ ""'''" ''°'™. 4 stores, nnd 2 
 
 ^••'3'm..nt to about iVo ^'"""''^ "^ ^««'' g'^'ng 
 
 h^>0(tooo ' '"' ""''°^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ostaUi«h.cnt o':: 
 
82 
 
 WKSTERN TOUR. 
 
 It was here that the battle of Oiiskany vas fought, one of 
 
 the bloodiest, in proportion to the numbers engagid, during 
 
 the whole war of our Hevolution, and in which Gen. Ilorklnicr, 
 
 of Oerman Flats, lost his life. He was on hia way, with about 
 
 800 of the militia of the Mohawk Valley, to the relief of the 
 
 garrison at Fort Stanwix, when at Oriskony a deadly fire was I 
 
 opened on him and his corps, by a body of British regulars, 
 
 tor'es, and Indians, from an ambuscade in a nirrow raviw. 
 
 The Americans were completely surrounded, but the gnllan! 
 
 Herkimer and his brave compatriots maintained the fight for 
 
 near six hours. Herkimer received his mortal wounds carlj 
 
 in the fight, but he kept the field, seated on his saddle placel 
 
 on a hillock, T%hich gave him a view of the contest, and froii 
 
 which he calmly issu.'d his orders to the last. This was on tiie| 
 
 6th of August, 1777. 
 
 The vilhigo of Uomk, 14 miles west of Utica, is situated nearl 
 the head waters of the Mohawk, and on the line of the Eriej 
 Canal, where it is intersected by the Black Rloir Cam\\ 
 Here commences the IVatntou-n and Home RaHroail, cxtcDij 
 ing to Cape Vincent, 97 miles. The village was incorporate 
 in'^lSlO, iiud is a half-shiro town with Whitcsborough f«| 
 Oneida County; it containa about 7,000 inhabitants, 500 dwellT 
 ing-houses, a court-house and jail, and other public buiUinfil 
 This place stands on the site of old Fort Staniri.v, which ^ai| 
 nn important militiiry post during the Revolntit.nary anl 
 French wars Owing to its natural ami artificial advantngei| 
 this village is fast increasing in wealth and numbers. 
 
 Onkida Dr.por, 27 miles west of Utica, and 2') from ?yr*| 
 cuse, is a now and thriving settlement, where the train of p" 
 scnger cars usually stops some 10 or 15 minutes. One 
 two° miles south of the dtpot is the incorporated villijic J 
 Onkida Castlk, near which resides a remnant of the Onoir 
 tribe of Indians, numbering about 800 souls. 
 
 Wamphvillk, 3 miles farther west, is a small scttlcnifJl 
 through which pisses the Syracuse and Utica Uailroim. 
 Canabtota, 32J miles west of Utica, by railroad, andi 
 
WKSTEBN TOUR. gg 
 
 tie Erie Canal, was incorporated in 18^^, „ i 
 I about 1,000 inhabitants. ' '^"^ °°^ ^'^^^'^^'^ 
 
 Chittenango, 39 miles west nf TTf;„ v 
 
 ated one mile south of the e1 1" '''-"^ "'' " "*" 
 hected by a side-cut It .If T ' "''^^' ''^'''^' '^ ^^ «o°- 
 
 dwenin,L.s, r;hutr n:::: ^Csi'^^r ' ^^^ 
 
 factory, 1 flouring mill, and 2 larg^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ "^^^^'^ 
 
 tureof .vator-lime. which is found in th, "^'""^'^'■ 
 
 jtensively used on the diff. 7 , '''^"'^^'' ^"^ ^^ ^x- 
 
 ofthev:na,eofchitten:;::;r:r;;^^ 
 
 hm Alb,.ny. It was inL .ea ^Z 'T' ''' "-''' 
 >bout 1,400 inhabitants 9'f:TV r^' ^""^ now contains 
 k^liffea.ntdouomralL;f ^^^''"^"-^""^-'^^ '^ churohea 
 K. a thc-oIoXT „T-; "'^•'^^^^^'"^t^d the Dneida Sem- 
 enomination fTs /n^^^ ,^-^--^ ^^ the Methodist 
 
 1 CA7^-vnv T ''"^ ^^^'^ °«'g^l^«ring States. 
 
 I" line of he Erie Can 7 t " »"™'"*«-»'/ »"uatea on 
 (•wcourt-hol aM iln ^ .;"''"'"'»■"»■ ""o are loeaW , 
 
 I 
 
84 
 
 WESTKKN TOUU. 
 
 principal arc the Syracuse House, Clobe Hotel, St. Charles 
 Hotel, Voorhecs House, and Onondaga Temperance House. 
 The city is lighted with gas, and furnished with pure water byj 
 the City Water Woi^ks Company. 
 
 The Sa/t Springs, in Syracuse and its immediate vicinity. 
 are of great importance to this place and surrounding country, 
 They are owned by the State, from which a handsome yoarljj 
 revenue is d;:vivod. There are within the city alone ten coarscl 
 and line salt companies, manufacturing in the aggregate al 
 very large amount of pure salt, of a superior quality. Bcsidejj 
 the above works, there are a number of iron founderies anJ[ 
 other largo manufacturing establlshmonts. 
 
 The railroad facilities are also a very important feature tol 
 the prosperity of Syracuse. In addition to the JWw Vom 
 Ctnfral Jiailroad, passing througli the center of the city, lierel 
 commences the Si/raciise, Bhighamton, and jXew York RaA-\ 
 roail, and the sSijractise and Osweii;o Railroad, the latter j 
 communicating with Lake Ontario, 35 miles distant, iu a| 
 nortlierly direction. 
 
 The traveler, on going west from Syracuse to Rochester.! 
 Buffalo, or Niagara Falls, has tlie choice of three routes orj 
 modes of conveyance, viz. : by railroad, via Auburn, Geneva.! 
 Cananlaigua, etc , 104 miles to Rochester; or proceed byj 
 direct route, 81 miles; or still another route, by proceeding!) 
 Oswego. 05 miles, by railroad, and then taking a steamer fori 
 Ilochester or Lcwiston, and thence to Niagara Falls, passinij 
 over Lake Ontario. 
 
 GuDDKS is an incorporated village, 2 miles west of Syracii*! 
 on the Eric Cantil, and within the bounds of the Ononliit'j 
 Salt Springs Reservation. The most considerable busines^s e| 
 tlie place is the manufacture of salt. 
 
 Livt-urooL is iiuother village principally engageil in itt 
 manufacture of salt. It stands near the northeasterly sii 
 of Onondaga Lake, and on the line of the Oswego Canal, aboij 
 5 miles from Syracu.se. It contains about 1 ,00() inhabitants 
 Liverpool and Geddes uro all included in the town of Salin 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 85 
 
 ^nd wUhm he hm,ts of the Onondaga Salt Springs Ileserva- 
 .on; .n though the original Reservation included a much 
 argor extent of surface than is occupied by those villages, yet 
 he.e are the only portions of it within vdnoh the n^akin: of 
 |: t,scarr-ed on, the St.te having sold to private citizens" the 
 Jvhole of the Reservation not included within those vllla^os a 
 ^.11 as a very large part of what is includod withi^uidr 
 
 Snlt was tirst made on this tract at Salt Po;n% n-^ar the 
 nar,,n of Onondaga Lake, and within the bounds of^Salina 
 ^-ll.g'3. Ihe manufacture, in very trifling qnantitios, at that 
 knt, was carried on by the Indians pricr to the appoarance 
 
 any wh,te man among them, as it was by the white men 
 po, at a very early period of their settlement in that vic:nity 
 Fheearl.est systematic arrangements, so far as records show 
 lor makmg salt to any important extent, at that place, datJ 
 I ar back as 1787, when works were erected .vhiclf pro uccd 
 
 Nh th present extent and productiveness of the works on the 
 lieservation. 
 
 n,finc salt, which is so called from the small size of its 
 k)'stals, IS produced by the agency chiefly of artificial heat 
 M the process of evaporation is carried on by boiling the 
 hne m large iron kettles. The ...... salt is produced x 
 
 N,voly by evaporation in the open air. It « ZlZl 
 ^rmod soiar salt, and the crystals are largo. This sa isTho 
 H --te of soda known to commerce' The .. " ■ ^i 
 Nalccl from the particularly neat and convenient manne- in 
 H It IS prepared and boxed for use in ,airi.. 
 
 folt'attv T ''"'' " "" P"P^'^^^^ «^'^"-« «=^^'»-. 
 I" the Leservafon, and the works are erected undo,, .'rn' 
 .....01 the ground for specific terms of years, for making the 
 onci In / "" ■ ""'"'"'' ''"'''''^'^ °f th« ^l^aract^r of 
 r=^tous, the Uuh/ b'Mng substituted for rent. 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 85 
 
 andwithm the hm.ts of the Onondaga Salt Springs Ilcserva- 
 
 U; und though the on.inal Reservation included a much 
 
 rgcr extent of surface than is occupied by these villages, yet 
 
 h..e are the only portions of it within which the n^akin^ of 
 
 kvholo of the .leservation not included within Iheso villa-^ns a 
 ^1^ a very large part of what is ineludod withi.r^heir 
 
 Salt was first made on this tract at Salt Poin^ n-^ar the 
 K,n of Onondaga Lake, and within the bounds o/salina 
 M. g'3. Ihe manufacture, in very trifling quantities, at that 
 kut, was earned on by the Indians prior to the appearance 
 any wh.te man among them, as it was by the white men 
 ^0, .t a very early period of their settlement in that victnity 
 riieearl.est systematic arrangements, so far as records show 
 or maumg salt to any important extent, at that place, date 
 
 L t 1 '"^r V""' in.signiticant quantity when compared 
 
 n.Ji„e salt which is so called from the small size of its 
 nd t process of evaporation is carried on by boiling th 
 
 t L' T"1T " "" "P^° "'^- '^ ^« --times 
 
 to. . ^""•'" ^^ ^"""^^"'^•°- '^^- ''"-V salt i3 
 
 Ll2 "'"'" the particularly neat and convenient manner in 
 H;^^^h U ,. prepared and boxed for use in dairies 
 _ The State of New York, as the proprietor of U.e.e salines 
 |c ^vosauuty of one cent a bushel on all the salt in^p. t ,' 
 f. Innervation and the works are erected under .I't te 
 
 I" Ji ' T" " ■^'"'■'" ''''^' '' >'«'^"' ^- --king the 
 ndi i 1 '" "' ^'"""■^"^' ^"^^'^■^"* °^ "^« ol'aracter of 
 
 :^::^^'''!^^^^^ *- — saU; but both ar 
 
 ! 
 
&'v 
 
 86 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 FROM SYMCUSE TO IIOCIIESTER AXD BUFFALO. 
 
 Camillits, 8 miles west of Syracuse, is situated on the line i 
 cf the Now York Central Railroad. It contains about GOO I 
 inhabitants. 
 
 The village of Jordax is situated on the Erie Canal, 19 
 miles west of ^Syracuse. It was incorporated in 18o5, and now 
 contains about 1,300 inhabitants. A railroad is contemplated! 
 from this place to Skaneateles, from which a branch rciid, 
 already constructed to the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad, is 
 a part of the contemplated work. 
 
 Skankateles, 5 miles south of the line of the New York] 
 Central Railroad, is delightfully situated at the foot of Skan- 
 eateles Lake. It was incorporated in 1833, and now contains 
 about 1,500 inhabitants. The lake, 15 miles long, and from 
 half a mile to a mile wide, is a beautiful sheet of water, sur- 
 rounded by well-cultivated farms and country residences, and 
 celebrated for its fine trout, which are taken in great abund- 
 ance, weighing from to 10 pounds. 
 
 The City of Aubukn is situated on the outlet of Owasco 
 Lake, 2G miljs west of Syracuse and 8 miles south of the Erie 
 Canal. It was chartered in 1848, and contained in 1855 9,476 
 inliabitants, 1,000 dwelling-houses, a court-house, jail, and 
 county clerk's office. The Auburn State Prison, on the nortli 
 Bide of the Owasco outlet, a splendid edifice of the kind, waa 
 founded in 181G, and cost over half a million of dollars. Hcr«i 
 are inclosed 10 acres of land, surrounded by a solid stone wall, 
 from IG to 40 feet in height and 3 feet thick. The main! 
 building facing the east, is 8 stories high, besides the base- 
 ment, surmounted by a turreted cupola, in which is an alarm 
 bell. The wings are of two stories, the whole front being 2(1) 
 feet long, and the wings 242 deep by 45 feet wide, inclosins: "t ' 
 three sides a court in the rear, about 190 feet square. The 
 cells in the interior are built within the exterior front, are 5 1 
 stories high, surrounded by galleries. There are 770 of 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 87 
 
 separate cells, each cell being 7 feet long, 3.J feet wide. 7* feet 
 high, and calculated to accommodate one prisoner durin- hia 
 relaxation from labor. In addition to the cella, the main 
 build.ng contains a chapel, a hospital, dinin-room for the 
 prisoners, cooking apartments, and store rooms; besidss apart- 
 ments in the mam front building, used as offices for the clerk 
 and agent, ani for the residence of the principal keeper 
 Here are now about 700 convicts, mostly engaged in different 
 kmds of mechanical pursuits, carried on in workshops and 
 unrler large sheds within the outside prison walls. 
 
 Ih^Mmrn Theolo,^ical Seminary is a large stone ediiice, 
 4 stories high above ihQ basement, and will be 200 feet front, 
 when fully completed as designed. 
 
 WASCO Lakk, a few miles southeast of Auburn, is 12 miles 
 long and about 1 mile wide, being celebrated for its pictur- 
 esque" scenery. The water is very transparent, aboundin.. in 
 fish, and the banlcs rather ruo-^red ° 
 
 Weedsport, 21 miles west of Syracuse, and 8 miles north 
 of Auburn, is on the Erie Canal. It was incorporated in 1831, 
 and now contains about 1 ,200 inhabitants. 
 
 Port Bykon, 3 miles west of tli- oove place, and on the 
 line of the New York Central Railroad {.Urect route), was in- 
 corporafed in 18;^7, and now contains about 1,700 inhabitants 
 ^lere is an extensive flouring mill, with 12 run of stones, and 
 other manufacturing establishments. 
 
 MoNTKzuMA, 205 miles from Albany, by canal route, is 
 situated at the junction of the Cayuga and Seneca Canal with 
 the Erie Canul. It contains about 700 inhabitants, 1 church, 
 3 taverns, and 5 stores. Here are a number of snlme springs, 
 f'om which salt has been manufactured ever since the earliest 
 fi^ttlement of this part of the country, and the salt is of the 
 best a^nd purest quality. " Tiie specific gravity of this brine 
 " ' "" ')7; and 1,000 parts of it contain 129.33 parts of dry 
 tter. or 12.93, in 100 parts of brine. This is within 
 
 ''^^t 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 87 
 
 separate cells, each cell being 7 feet long. 3.J feet wide, U feet 
 high, and calculated to accommodate one prisoner durin<. his 
 relaxation from labor. In addition to the cells, the main 
 build.ng contains a chapel, a hospital, dining-room for the 
 prisoners, cooking apartments, and store rooms; besides apart- 
 ments in the main front building, used as offices for the clerk 
 and agent, anl for the residence of the principal keeper 
 Here are now about 700 convicts, mostly engaged in different 
 kmds of mechanical pursuits, carried on in workshops and 
 unrler large sheds within the outside prison walls. 
 
 The ^u'mrn Theological Seminary is a large stone edifice, 
 4 stones high above the basement, and will be 200 feet front, 
 when fully competed as designed. 
 
 OvvAsco Lakk, a few miles southeast of Auburn, is 12 miles 
 long and about 1 mile wide, being celebrated for its pictur- 
 esque' scenery. The water is very transparent, aboundina- in 
 fish, and the banks rather ruo-rred ° 
 
 
 111 
 
 ; :¥ 
 
 Weedspoht, 21 miles west of Syracuse, and 8 miles north 
 of Auburn, is on the Erie Canal. It was incorporated in 1831, 
 and now contains about 1.200 inhabitants. 
 
 Port Bykon, 3 miles west of tl. oove place, and on the 
 hneof the N.,w York Central Railroad ^iirevi route), was in- 
 corporated in 18.37. and now contains about 1,700 inhabitants 
 «Iere is an extensive flouring mill, with 12 run of stones, and 
 other manufacturing establishments. 
 
 MoNTKzuMA, 205 miles from Albany, by canal route, is 
 siluated at the junction of the Cayuga and Seneca Canal with 
 the Erie Canal. It contains about 700 inhabitants, 1 church, 
 •J taverns, and 5 stores. Hero are a number of sulinf> springs, 
 fiom which salt has been manufactured ever since the earliest 
 
88 
 
 WKSTKIIN TOUH. 
 
 one per cent, of the strength of much of the brine novf worked 
 in Onondaga County." 
 
 The village of Cayuga, 10 miles west of Auburn, is situated 
 on the east bank of Cayuga Lake; it contains about 400 in- 
 habitants, GO dwelling-houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, and o 
 stores. Ilere^ the celebrated " Cayuga Bridge" crosses tlif 
 lake, which is upward of a mile wide; a new bridge has also 
 been here erected for the New York Central Railroad, still 
 longer. A steamboat runs from this place to Ithaca, a dis- 
 tance of 40 miles. 
 
 Tourists traveling for pleasure are recommended to deviate 
 south on their arrival at the ^oot of Cayuga Lake, and* make 
 the pleasant 
 
 TOUR OF THE CAYUGA LAKE. 
 
 Cayuga Lake, which constitutes one of the Central Lakes 
 of New York, is 40 miles long and from 1 to 4 miles wide. It 
 lies between the counties of Cayuga and ?— -ica, extending 
 some 10 or 12 miles into Tompkins County. This lake, whicli 
 is very deep, is navigated by steamboats from Cayuga Bridge 
 to the village of Ithaca, stopping at the intermediate landings. 
 It is a most beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by well-culti- 
 vated farms and thriving villages, and abounds with salmon 
 trout, white fish, pike, pickerel, perch, and catfish. On sev- 
 eral of the inlets to this lake, toward the south, are most 
 l)?autilul and picturesque wattr-falls, well worthy the atteu- 
 tion of the lovers of natural scenery. The outlet flov.s north 
 into Seneca River, and thence into Lake Ontario. 
 
 The traveler has now one of the ple.asantest paths of jonr- 
 neyihg before him. He finds at the wharf, at East Cayuga- 
 or, as the station is known on all the routes, Cayuga Bridge— 
 a beautiful steamboat, the " Kate Morgan," and in this bis 
 
Western tour. 
 
 89 
 
 I IT The old t "' '"'^''"^ """'^^ ^' *^- ^-^e - to be 
 I made The old bnage, cotemporaneous with the century i! 
 
 almost among the relics of another day; and yet it "I; a 
 : ™r f--=-I;f-e in its time. It was memora o a, a 
 'l.v. ngb.vr,erjnold political times, opposing majorities L 
 q.a.ntly testing the strength of numbers on these lin^s 
 tpyuga village is mostly upon the hill Tho «fof-' u 
 
 u„ ry „ro„„., f,„,„ ,., „,y ,„ .„^ .tree., A III 
 
 chucl, lately rcnovateJ, gives a pleasant app^aran-e To T, 
 hcght. ,ts steeple bol„s conspicuous far up tt„,ak. „' 
 «, ,„ ,l,e days of coach and wagon a wonderful ga'tVin" J 
 travelers, and many hours have passed a,vav hero whnr,: 
 
 The Old Bndge is a mile and some rods iu len-th iVt 
 ~o.a,o„tude compared to its former activity it Cen," 
 Eadroad crosses on a separate bridge and h,, ,•„ . 
 leatcd its ,vay by luxuriant willows " '""'' ''"• 
 
 I The boat now proceeds on its way to Ithaca It l-w. 
 co™ near the east shore, a, its tirst landn' Tat the vH ^ 
 «pn„gp„rt. For the first si. miles .he CaJ ",a l „„t deT 
 
 f* ,„ approaching Springport, at the right hand, is se^n 
 I _ Frontenac Isl.\nd, 
 
 the only :.«l,and in the lake, and a beautiful localiw it is T. 
 W.S coded by the State in 1856 to the vdla.^ rf Snrn . 
 
 hg.nal anl delightful poets of thi. l , ,' ™^'* 
 
 '-utif,d stands ^n the Cl ^ ■ ^^j '^i: ""'T "™^ 
 
 Jt-'n of this locality by A B sli , ""'' *^'' "'°"- 
 
 published hv nen I y of r T T ' ^""" '' " ^^''^^^^'^ac." 
 
 [begven. ' ^^' ""^""^ '^^^''^ ^^''"««'' "'•« name to 
 
 SHiii.vGroRT is a neat village, of about ■ inn • i r-. 
 [active and industrious Th. k ' '"'^^^^'t^nts, 
 
 I lustnous. The houses are tasteful, and some of 
 
 8* 
 
 LT ■ 
 
 ti'i'itniiiiii^i iMB| 
 
 [I^WBJ 
 
 'SH 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 
 a^ 
 
JO 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 the upper streets deserve special notice. Its chief feature is 
 tlie calobratecl spring wliich issues out of the earth on the very 
 margin of the lalic; but at just height enough to give a suflB- 
 cient and enluring water-power. There are also abundant 
 quarries of limestone, of excellent material for building or for 
 plaster. The traveler can notice on tlie hill-side, immediately 
 at the north of tlie island, a superb stone mansion, of unusuiil 
 beauty and value, the property of Robert W. Howland, for- 
 merly of New Bedford, This house is worthy of a visit, as 
 among the first class of rural residences. This village is tiie I 
 residence of Mr. J. J. Thomas, a celebrated agricultural 
 writer. 
 
 After making its landing here, the boat proceeds, skirting 
 the eastern shore, and passing a part of the lake whore llw | 
 variety of points and little indentations give peculiar pictur- 
 esquenoss to the sail. The boat next lands at 
 
 Levanna, a small post-hamlet, 10 miles from the bridge. 
 Just before reaching this, the tourist will see on the east bank 
 the residence of William II. Grinnell. Ingleside is one of 
 the most agreeable farms in the State, and, as it slopes from 
 its ample and handsome dwelling to the water, gives at a gliince 
 a rural picture scarcely sui-passcd. From Levanna the boat 
 sails onward beneath clitfs that, by their abrupt vine-covered 
 Bteeps, break the line of tlie shore, till, in a distance of 2 miles [ 
 (12 from Cayuga Bridge), Aurora is the next reached. 
 
 Aurora lias tasteful dwellings and well- cultivated gardens I 
 to an extent which would repay the tourist to remain there » [ 
 few hours. Its one long street is directly on the water side, 
 and heavy, dark stone sea walls are the protection of the soil I 
 against its storms. These gardens have tasteful appoiidiigcs 
 of summer hou.ses, and hedges, and floral cultivation, so that 
 a sail along the shore furnishes nmtiy pretty incident.^. Tl:e| 
 dwellings of Henry Morgan and of Henry Wells, by their sitU' 
 ation and their value, attract notice at once. The gardens of I 
 many of the citizens have been planned and cultivated witii| 
 unusual nicety ani attcutiua to good taste. 
 
WESTEiiN TiiUK. 
 
 91 
 
 The vil age terminates at the south in the valuable farm of 
 mchard Hale, of the New York J,.,n.aJ of Connnerce. The 
 
 HaT Th wT""^ "^ '''''' '' '^-^-'-7 and Libra'; 
 Hall. The latter coulauis, besides its thous.mda of volumes a 
 cap. al full length portrait of Governor Seward, by El or'ne 
 of the most distinguished of limners 
 
 Leaving Aurora, the boat passes by two picturesque points, 
 RocKv and O.BOH.K's I'o.vxs, and after this the boat pursue 
 Its way to the western side of tlie lake. 
 At Sheldrakk Point the tourist' will soo a very prettv 
 amlet, the superb farm directly south of which was one of the 
 1-a^.es which received much support as the proper site for 
 the State Agricultural Colleg. At this landing travelers des- 
 tmcd for Ovid and the Agricultural C.llogo are landed. 
 
 1 icn follows in succession Kidder's l-'ony and Trumansburgh 
 L ading. 1 as latter is the point for a large and enterprising 
 vd age. a mde to the westward, .hose citi^on. Herman Camp! 
 IS so well known in the annals of bcnovoljnt (.(fort ' 
 
 GoomvKv'B Point is the lauding for those wlio would visit the 
 Taghamc Fall, the fairest, loveliest fall in all ,he country He 
 crystal vail, as it wreathe, i.s.lf in that vast gorge, is a pic- 
 uro of^eauty worth all the journ.y. The culVh'ero gi^u 
 th s fall all who visit it will nffinn. It has no equal in its 
 blcnduig of tlie lovely water with the gloomy gorga 
 At the east side of the lake there is a landing for tJio Ridge 
 oad. and a very convenient one it is. Then the boat, after 
 ■aking a landing for the village of Ludlowville. proceeds to 
 Idmca, the end of its route. 
 I'HACA is a largo, prosperous town, whoso beauty and en- 
 -pnso grat^ifios the good sen.e of the A ..V/'. who originated 
 • It has all tho accessories of a largo population, and is just 
 "cli a home as those who enjoy life there may fdicitato thorn- 
 Boives on noHsocBinn' ir„-„ — -m • « 
 , ^ "& ''■-■'^ ""i i;o rouaa sovorui weii-keW 
 
 "otels, and much beautiful scenery. 
 
 
 I i 
 
92 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 THE LAKES OF WESTERN UW YOUK. 
 
 Onkida Lake is a large and important shoot of water, sur- 
 rounded by the counties of Oneida, Madison, Onondaga, and 
 Oswego. It is 22 miles long, and from 4 to (> miles wide. It 
 receives Wood Creek and its tributaries on the east, Oneida 
 Creek and Chittcnango Creek on the south, besides some smaller 
 streams. On the east end of the lake there is a beautiful 
 shelving beach, which is much resorted to for fishing with 
 seines. White fi.^h, pike, pickerel, perch, and catfilh are 
 caught in great abundance. The north shore is remarkable 
 for its bold and picturesque beauty. This lake, in connection 
 with its outlet into Oswego River, forms an important channel 
 of trade, there being a branch canal of G miles in length at its 
 east end, connecting with the Erie Canal, thus forming a con- 
 nection with the Oswego Canal, which runs from Syracuse to 
 Oswego, along tiie east bank of Oswego River. 
 
 Oneida Lake, in connection with Wood Creek and Feneca 
 River, in early days formed an important channel of water 
 oommunication from east to west, being navigated by a small 
 class of vessels or boats running tlirougli to Seneca Lake. 
 
 Skankatei.ks Lake lies partly between the counties of 
 Cayuga and Onondaga. It is 15 miles long, and from half a 
 mile to one mile wide. This is a beautiful and romantic sheet 
 of water; on the north it is surrounded by highly cultivated 
 "inns and country residences, while on the south the banks 
 are more rugged and the scenery very picturesque and roraiin- 
 tic. It is also highly celebrated for its fine trout, which are 
 taken in great abundance, weighing from 5 to 10 pound.s. 
 
 Ononoaoa. Lake is situated in the northern part of this 
 county. It is about 7 miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles wiile, 
 This lake abounds in pike, pickerel, bass, and catfi,sh. On its 
 r>-\nr:= are tiie vAy of rvracuso nni Uiu villages of GeiMes ani 
 Liverpool. Many have supposed that the Avater ut the bottom 
 of this lake was salt, from the fact that the salt spr;;,^^ "i ' 
 
WESTERN' TOUR. 
 
 93 
 
 located on its borders • hnf i-,>^«, 
 M,«t of water, ami a„ ^oene,; „t„ f I , " " f ''™'""''" 
 
 »»"«o. i'-«et flows sou^,t:o:;:,:;:it°^^ "-'^ 
 
 fine flavor. The wator ;. , x '^^^^ other fish of 
 
 i» very .loop, is „„vigalo.l by ZJ^.Z! r ^^°' ""^'='' 
 |li»at, wliito fi«l, nil-o „• , , ""'R''- "I'oiinilmg in salmon 
 
 or ...0 iniot: "o ;;,,:; ;:■,''::'::;;' """■• "" '-'-' 
 
 I«na Picturosquo «„o,. . „" „ T ''' "" """" '""'""f"' 
 
 >over> of natu,.;, "1 i' T ^ ,,Z'^ '"" °"°°"°" "^ '"" 
 
 Wr. noar ,vhcro it ^i JJ j , '? T r"'' '"'° ^'^'^ 
 
 ■ ^ lu Kiigfii one beiriff a toll hrM.r,. ^„ 
 
 J^'"y"^« nru/fr,^ niKl the otho, „ ",'«'' '^no^n as the 
 
 vidth fi 
 
 ■- 'u vvKuu noiu 2 t(. 4 miles It J« « 
 
 »*i..o„eo, is „o,„, f„.„„. "";;■; , ' ' ™7 -p. «»d 
 
 in 
 
 ""lown, but was found 
 
 a yvar or two 
 
 urat<5ly 
 nr ' > bo Hbout 600 feet 
 
 f •■' 
 
 t ,' 
 
 ..A-J«t 
 
94 
 
 WESTEUN TOUR. 
 
 w 
 
 about 12 miles above the outlet. Tlie water is very clear, and 
 at a considerable depth below the surface of course cool; it is 
 sometimes brought up for drinking by letting d&wn a corkeJ 
 bottle, till it reaches a depth at which the pressure of th? 
 water forces in the cork, and fills it. The binds about the | 
 southern or upper extremity of the lake are high .ml pictur 
 esque; about the northern loss elevated, but undul.it'ng, aiii 
 covered with the richest crops, with here and there remains nf 
 the magnificent primitive forest. The outlet of the lake is at 
 the northeastern angle, and the discharge of water furnishes 
 an ample supply of power to the munuf.ictories of Waterloo 
 and Seneca Falls, which flourishing villages are situate*!, tiie 
 former about 6, and the latter 10 miles from the lake. Senecj 
 Lake receives the waters of Crooked Lake at Dresden, aloui 
 12 miles above Geneva. The cutlet of Crooked Lake is alout| 
 6 miles in length, and the <lescent to Seneca Lake about 2'i 
 feet. A canal construct'd along this outlet connects the twl 
 lakes. I^eneca Lake does not so much abound with fish m 
 some of the other lakes, probably in consequence of the doptl 
 •and coldness of its waters. There are found in it, however, 
 white-fish, pike, pickerel, trout, perch, herring, rock-basi,| 
 ■tripod biss, chub, sunfi.sli, catfish, osla, shiners, mullet, etc. 
 
 A steamer runs on this lake, summer and winter, for tliej 
 conveyance of passengers. 
 
 Canandaigua Lakk is a most beautiful sheet of water, lij 
 miles h)ng, and from 1 to li miles wide, lying mostly in the! 
 county of Ontario, and a small part in Yates County. It iil 
 surrounded by highly cultivated lands, justly celebrated forj 
 thoir fertility, divtsrsified hj charming Bcenery. Its vatcn,! 
 which are depp iin I clear, abound with fish of different kinl', 
 and are elevate 1 (570 feet above the Atlantic Ocean. Civun- 
 doii^na Dut/et flows northeast into Flint Creek, then into ClyJ«j 
 and Seneca Eiver^ all of wl-.ich arc Irv.pnrtaRt milUstrflaui! 
 The steamer " Josnrn Wood" runs from the villngo of Ciin 
 daigua to the head of the lake, landing at Cheshire, Gorliaffl-j 
 Middlesex, and South Bristol. Stages run from the landing «sj 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 95 
 
 the head of the lake to Bloody on the Buffalo. Corning, and 
 New lork Railroad, connecting at Corning with the New Fork 
 and Erie Railroad. " ^ui-k 
 
 Crooked Lake, by the Indians called R'euJ.-a, lies partly in 
 he county of Steuben and partly in Yates. It is 22 miles in 
 
 south. The waters of this lake are 270 feet above Seneca 
 Lake, with which it ,s connected by an outlet and canal. It 
 a^unda m sa mon trout, white fish, pickerel, perch, sunfish. 
 bass, and cat sh. Its waters are cool and transparent, and 
 n>m 3 to 60 feet n depth. At B^uff Point, 9 miles norUi of 
 he head of the lake, it is divided by a high promontory, ex- 
 
 distance of 13 miles, while the northern branch extends 9 miles 
 to Branchport A steamboat for the conveyance of passengers 
 Ud towing plies daily from IlammonJsport to Penn-Yan, 
 affording a fine view of the lake and adjacent country 
 
 iHATn-AUQUE Lake, lying in the county of Chautauque. 
 N. 1., .ts head being within 8 miles of Lake Erie, is a most 
 h-rkable and beautiful sheet of wat.r. and deserves a 
 no tee. uKhough its waters fiow south into the Allegany lUver 
 an thence into the Gulf of Mexico. It is 18 mi J in'leng^; 
 an n ,eadth varies from 2 to 3 miles, except near the middle 
 hh re 1 eon tracts to a few rods. It is navigable for steam. 
 
 bvt H 7'; ' '' ''' ^''''^' '' '^'' '''' '' ^'^« l'^'^^^ thence 
 y sout et to the Connewango Creek. Tliis lake is elevated 
 
 \mT n ' '' '"•"*"'' '^ ^'''^' ^''''' «"^ ^ -'^ f^^^^t above the 
 Atlant c Ocean, being the highest body of water in tho Union 
 on which a steauer floats. 
 
 K^'n,ct from a JS'.w York pnper, daUd September, 1856. 
 
 ^^-!>^XSJr. 1 rZ^^^"!^^'^ .Chautauau. Lake. 
 
 * ir. jjUite an 
 
 lh«»»„ ■'■"-"« "I u n'w stcjiniUnt on C 
 [Mwoon Jamestown an I ,\f,,vv,ll,. m.. JL: 
 
 ICtOliL wirSi iia 'I'l... 1.1 '• . 'J 
 
 miles 
 water 
 
 ivat 
 
 ImiicH 
 
 long and throe 
 
 |««nier of tlio 
 jewel it 
 trie. 
 
 county, which it ndoins 
 
 diivc;ly in the 
 graci'luliy ns any 
 
 thl!^ n^- ,• f ^ " "'''"" hundred feet liighor Umn Lake 
 though tho distance between the two lakes is onlv « vl 
 
 ( , 
 
 ' 'I-.', 
 
 i : i'^ 
 
 .'? ir 
 
96 
 
 WESTEKN TOUR. 
 
 or eight miles, Chautanque L^ke is the highest water navi- 
 gated by steam in the State of New York. The little steam- 
 boat which plies daily between Jamestown and Mayville is 
 calle.1 th3 " C. C. Dknnis." The ride on this boat to Mayville, 
 and thence over the ridge which divides the two lakes to West- 
 field, is one of the most interesting and romantic in the coun- 
 try. Jamestown is situated four miles from Chautanque Lake, 
 and on its outlet. The outlet is a deep, sluggish stream, 
 shaded on both sides by a heavy forest of tamaracks, and 
 hedged in by aYi undergrowth of shnibbery, so dense that tlie 
 view 13 completely intorcopted. The ride through the graceful 
 windings of the outlet, reposing so quietly in the bosom of such 
 luxuriant vegetation, reminds one of the accounts wo often 
 read of the scenery of tropical regions. The shores of the l;ike 
 present no bluffs?, but they slope back gradually from the 
 water's edge, and are covered with fine farms. You leave the 
 steamer at Maysvillo, and take the stage for AVestfield. A ride 
 of about 2 miles brings you to the sunnnit of the ridge whioli 
 divides the lakes, and hero a most magnificent panorama is 
 opened to your view. A few miles distant, and TOO feet below 
 you, Lake Eric stretches its blue expanse toward Canada ami 
 Buffido, which yi.u can almost see. It is dotted over with tin' 
 whited canvas of sailing vessels, from which you may now an-j 
 then distinguish a steamer by its long trail of smoke. 
 
 At the foot of the hill on Avhich you stand lies the beautiful 
 village of Westfiold. in the midst of a rich and f-rtilo country. 
 Behind you lies Lake Chautauque, which looks like Lake Eric 
 in miniature. There is a barn on the ridge, the water falling 
 on the eaves of which run one way through Lake Chautauque 
 and the Allegany imd Ohio rivers to the Mississippi and the 
 Gulf of Mexico, and on the other side to Lake Erie and the 
 Gtilf of St. LaAvrcncc. 
 
 The village of Senkca Falls, 10 miles west of Auburn, nuJ 
 lliO miles from Albany, by railroad route, is advantageously 
 situated on both sides of the outlet of Seneca Lake. It wnj 
 incorporated in 1801, and now contains about 5,000 inliaW- 
 tants, 500 dwelling-hou ..s. o churches of different denoiniii!- 
 tlons, 1 colluu factory, :ind 8 flouring mills. In this neiglilci- 
 hood are large qnan:itles of gypsum, which is here ground nni 
 seni to different parls of the country. The Cayuga and Seneca 
 Cftlial and the Auburn and Rochester Railroad pass tlnou;;!i 
 
WKSTERN TOUR. 
 
 97 
 
 -y-M 
 
 this rlllage. The water-power afforded bv th. ^ 
 very great; the descent from Sen a to r- r'l '"'''* '' 
 tance of 12 n.iles, being about 75 Tet iZT ^'' ^ '^" 
 dant, and not subject to freshets, s^arcelv e .r " "" 
 to exceed two feet • fhn i i ,' ^^^^^^ ^^^^ having a rise 
 
 p-iaii, ™p,„;r;. • f,T:zrr " ^""' -^ ^^ ^" 
 
 ward of 40 f..t within ...X. Jo' „V " '? '"""' °' "P" 
 
 i:.i« Canal at Montezuma C""""' "i^ol" umt=8 ,vi;h tLe 
 
 IV-AiEaLoo, 193 milca ,vest <,f ^ . . 
 
 .o.nel, sitnatod on both sides of tl o fce 77' " "r"^' 
 which is in part used i, .l,„ r °^ ^'"-"^ I-ako. 
 
 iaccporated in im^^a '"'*" """ '™°'' "''''''■ '' "- 
 
 l».f.hire town with 0™ ', p/esCr;;'' ^""•,'"="= " 
 '"Mnd I Methodist chuLch; nn ae :;'<frrr'' ?"P- 
 K 1 la-ting Louse "5 d.. ^ ^' °"'' ""'' "'^■ 
 kr«s; 1 larRo wool!"' J , ^ «°''*' S'"'"''^. "-J "'to. 
 
 h 18 run of stono. The f n „; . '"'= '"'"'' ™""''°- 
 
 l« f«t. In tho iledtt! ■'"""' "' «'=» r'""" i» about 
 
 ,;« ;'■= Ca,nga „„, Soneoa t: '. t' ^^vL C fT" 
 ^^"burn and Hoehcstcr T?.,n..„ 7 Central, or 
 
 *.. is aheut e,.dt:r„t''CuV.'::;t.n'!:a ri'""' 
 
 t'ErvKv\. rj'' niiina ^ i ^ . •'"o'' "'"'1 ft'^naca lakes. 
 A, o- unieg west of Auburn, and '^no «,•. ^ 
 ""'any, via New Vnvt r . , „ . ^ "^'^^'^ fi'om 
 
 "'^- ...of:v„::„r :: t:Vr r-"'""^ ""»■ 
 
 ■'"'ide, Thenri„^.„,T . „ , ""^ '■"''»• o" the west- 
 
 (■«'' Of -.0 .ake. and tl^t .:; ;: T" »/^':«= »'»"■' «■« 
 
 '». whihMho business n,!., '"'' "'"™ 'l'" "'"•• 
 
 b« r™, .^ .. . ."r "'P'" ' "'™-l9 ■'■' the plain wl,l.,, ii„. ., 
 
 - -^.anee, ern^n'^ "^ T^^:^:^': ""-' "''"- ^- 
 
 "S tt view of Its waters, as if formed 
 
 •>':; 
 
 » i 
 
 ht 
 
 > *E 
 
98 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 for choice residences in this region of beauty. The yillage ms 
 
 incorporated in 1812, and now contains about 5,000 mhabi- 
 
 tants and BOO dwelUng-houses. The Geneva College, attached 
 
 to which are three buildings, and the Geneva Lyceum, are 
 
 located here, and 8 churches of different denominations. The 
 
 new Episcopal church is a splendid edifice, erected at a cost of 
 
 about $30,00P. The accommodation for strangers at Geneya 
 
 is very good, there being several well-kept hotels; and car- 
 
 riages are always in readiness at the railroad dep5t and steam- 
 
 boat landing, to convey passengers to any part of the vdlage, 
 
 Two or threo steamboats ply regularly on tlie lake, runmnd 
 
 daily up and down between Geneva and the villnge of JefferscB 
 
 at the head of the lake, connecting with stages to Elmira ad 
 
 Cornin-, and at tbe latter place with the railroad to the citia 
 
 of New\ork and Philadelphia. A boat is employed m towmj 
 
 canal boats, which come to Geneva by the Cayuga and Senea 
 
 Canal, a branch of the Erie Canal, and thence to the villages ci 
 
 the lake, and to the canal which connects this l-^kc with CrooM 
 
 Lake, and the Chemung Canal, leading from Jefferson to tk 
 
 Chemung River at Elmira, and by the feeder to Corning. M 
 
 meridian of the capital at Washington passes through the laii 
 
 about half a mile east of Geneva. _ I 
 
 Geneva, ov Hobart, College received its charter in 18lo, M 
 
 is a flourishing institution. The college buildings, three - 
 
 number, are beautifully situated on Main Street, overlook 
 
 Seneca Lake. A large and handsome building is about bei^ 
 
 erected ou the same street for the use of the medical departmeni 
 
 ' 1 ! 
 
 CLYnE. 183 miles from Albany, via the Now York Centt 
 Railroad, ia a flourishing town, situated on the line of the 
 Canal, containing about 1,800 inhabitants. It is propos^j 
 construct a canal from this place i* Lake Ontario. , 
 
 Lyonb. IC miles north of Geneva, is eligibly situated oni 
 Erie Canal, 193 miles west of Albany by dirrct route. 1 
 incorporated in 1831, and now contains about 3.200 inM 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 99 
 
 tan s 4oO dwelLng-houses, a court-house and ja-]. county 
 cerks and surrogate's office; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal,! 
 Methodist 1 Baptist, and 1 Lutheran church. S.a.es leave 
 Lyons d.lv for Genova on the south, and Sodus Poiul on the 
 north, situated on the north shore of Lake Ontario 
 
 Nkwark, 7 miles west of Lyons, on the E.^ie Canal, is an 
 achve place of bus.n.ss. and contains about 2.000 inhabitants 
 Palmyra, 15 miles west of Lyons, and 20(] from Albany 
 was mcorporated in 1828, and now contains about 2,400 in-' 
 habitants. It is situated on an elevated and dry piece of 
 ground, in the midst of a delightful wheat-growing country 
 The mam street is over one mile and a quarter in length, and 
 
 Ithe noith, passing through a fine section of country, for which 
 Ihe county of Ontario is justly celebrated 
 
 Uet Tt'h! T' 'T """'' " ' '""^'*^'"°^ p^-«' ^- *b« 
 
 br I T ^"^^^"^^'^"S"^ L-ke, at the junction of Flint 
 Meek. There are two settlements about one mile apart. 
 
 nown as Ensl Henna and m^t Vienna. 
 
 CupTox Sprizvcs. 3 miles west of Vienna, are resorted to 
 ^ their me.hc;nal properties, and have become somewhat 
 hbrated They are sul,,ur springs, of a similar character 
 10 many others to be found in Western New York. Hero ia a 
 ^■•ge and commodious public house, for the accommodation of 
 fsitorg. 
 
 ■usUf'i ^^'"" Z "'^'"'""^^^ '''""*°^' ^■^'"'^^« f'"^™ <1^« ^olse and 
 ■ St 0, largo v.llagcs or cities, embracing a beautiful grove of 
 
 freat^ trees, as its pleasure-grounds, from the midst of whi-'-h 
 ►-wits snr... ,.r^„,^ „„^ ,^^,^^^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^. ^ 
 
 ^ture as to plcas3 and 
 
 in'crest the visitor, id render it 
 
 **,e r„t,..,t, whether for lh„,„ .o„ki,„ .. _„,„„.,„„ ., 
 «», 11,033 wl,„ haro a fow leisure doya or weeks to «pend 
 
 a 
 
 ..jtorativo from 
 
 m 
 
100 
 
 ■WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 I'iBi 
 
 recreation and pleasure, or for those who, -snth their families, 
 are disposed to leave the heated walls of a city residence to 
 enjoy the refreshing breezes and pure atmosphere of the coun- 
 try, during the warm season." 
 
 The waters, whicli are mainly of a sulphurous character, 
 charged somewluit with soda, magnesia, and carbonic gas, 
 stand unsurpassed in their medicinal character, as a remedy 
 for the various skin diseases, rheumatic aflfeetions, dyspepsia, 
 general debility of the system, etc., and have effected cures in 
 cases where the waters of other springs have f lilcd. 
 
 Canandaigua is delightfully situated near the foot of Can- 
 andaigua Lake, 223 miles west of Albany by railroad. It was 
 incorporated in 1815, and now contains about 4,000 inhabi- 
 tants, 500 dwelling-houses, a courthouse, jail, surrogate's 
 office, county clerk's oiBce, and town-house ; 1 Presbyterian, 1 
 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 African church; 2 
 banking houses and a savings' bank. No place in the State 
 probably exceeds this village as a desirable place of residence, 
 being surrounded by a rich agricultural district, abounding iu 
 almost every luxury for which Weshm jXeiv York is so justly 
 celebrated. On the south, at a short distance, lies Canan- 
 daigua Lake, with its cultivated shores, in full view of this 
 abode of taste and opulence. 
 
 The village of Victor is 9 miles west of Canandaigua, and a 
 little to the north of the rail -oad. 
 
 PiTTSFORD, 12 miles fan her, is on the line of the Erie 
 Canal, near its intersection vith the railroad. It was incor- 
 porated in 1827, and now couiains about 700 inhabitants. 
 
 Brighton, 4 miles east of llochester, is alsy on the liu-; of 
 the Erie Canal. 
 
 The City of Roches tkr, 230 miles west from Albany, nii- 
 68 miles east of Buffalo, by railroad r(>u;o, is advantageously 
 situated on both sides of the Genesee lliver, and on the line of 
 the Erie Canal, 7 miles south of Lake Ontario, with which tlie 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 101 
 
 Genesee River affords good water communication for steam- 
 
 l. s and schooners f.om the landing, 2 miles bel.w the center 
 
 f the cty. U was chartered in 1834. and is now divided In o 
 
 Id::^!n if '"""^' '' ' "'^^°^' --^-' -^ board of 
 a dem n. It conta.ncd in 1855 43,877 inhabitants, mostly 
 
 engaged in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits; a new 
 city hall and court-house; a jail an:l county clork-s office T 
 surrogate-s offijo ; 2 public mnrlrf.f« • - ' 
 
 in I, I • , ^ niaikets; gas woius; water works: 
 
 10 banR^ng houses; 3 savings' banks; 1 mutual insurance 
 22; ^-'^^^-^-^ ^'-el^es, 3 Episcopal. 3 B^IJ^ 
 
 «f,.:» 1 , r'""' - "'mi!s iiicct;ng Iiouscs, and 2 
 
 4 fcmalo »™,nar,«, an.l 16 pnUic schools. n,„ tofeb °' 
 n™ro„.,anJ n^ost of thorn well top., afforjing cerXlr 
 * luxury. T„o o.,„rn House is a „o„ „„a oLensivo U I, 
 ^«co, s.tuato,l o„ the oarnc • of Main an.l St. Paul ,t..e=ta ' 
 The ltocl„.Ur «,,.,„,•,,,/ is a new institution of learning 
 .nder the oI>a,go of ,i,o U,p,i,t <Ion„n,i„ation. Ho e "s„ 1 
 « a« on the no.-th part of the ci.y, th= //„„,. ^/^X 
 for V e to,, ,,, Y„,_ „„,^ ^^_^^^. . ^^^^^ ,oo inmates 
 me «,Umg ,a a large and substantial brick edifice, sur 
 rounded by a high stone wall, 
 
 «ns'!f r°""'° ""'"T"™- -"WA Rochester possesses, by 
 « of a success:,* of falls in the Oencsco River, may be 
 
 "re are now w.tha, the limits of the city, and all nsin,, 
 C \: r 'r-"-"='- " '■■» f«™J«ries a„d machine 
 
 m,',' 7 "''"''• " P'P"^""''. 2 on .„:iis, 7 saw- 
 
 "!;„? ""' f'f "'■>•• « P-P f-'<"-. 2 edg. tool factorie.,. 2 
 
 |2c«f'rr "° ,""'' f"""-"S">'" ao'orics, 1 chair factory^ 
 
 iZ 3 ™' "":"' """""-"»■'• '■ 3 «b factories, 4 .a^. 
 
 4s e ''"■'"• "'""'■"'■ ' '°""""° -Jsnutr factories, 
 
 ^ ^ »leam-plant„g and flooring mills. Within the limits of 
 I 9> 
 
 
102 
 
 Western tour. 
 
 
 the city, a distance of 3 miles, the total fall of water in the 
 river is about 250 feet, affording during most of the year an 
 almost inexhaustible supply of water-power, which is as yet 
 but partly used for manufacturing purposes. 
 
 Here are about 20 forwarding establishments connerted 
 with the trade of the Erie and Genesee Valley canals, the 
 latter running south through the rich valley of the Genesee 
 River. There is also a limited shipping interest on the Genesee 
 River and Lake Ontario. A great number of canal boats have 
 been built at Rochester, there being no less than 11 boat-yards 
 for their construction. Railroad cars and carriage-making 
 are also extensively carried on here to advantage. 
 
 American and British steamboats arrive and depart daily, 
 during the season of nn^-Igation, from the landing on the nortli 
 of the city, and from Charlotte, at the mouth of the river, 7 
 miles distant, to where a plank road is now constructed, afford- 
 ing a most delightful ride during pleasant weather. Railroad 
 cars and canal packets arrive and depart almost hourly. 
 
 No traveler for pleasure should pass through Rochester 
 without stopping over at least one day to see the city and visit 
 the objects of interest in its vicinity, the natural and artificial 
 curiosities being well worthy of notice. The most important 
 of them are the Genesee Falls, which are seen to great advan- 
 tage from the cast side of the river, a shon distaiicr below the 
 railroad bridge, where is a perpendicular •Ie3<^e: l V' 96 feet; 2 
 miles below is another fall of 75 feet, l^o L.i.ie aiiaeduct for 
 the enlarged Erie Canal is a splendid specimen of mason work, 
 well worthy of examination. The above, together with Mount 
 Hope Cemetery, most beautifully situated on the east side of 
 ihe Il'ver, about 2 miles south of the city, afford many points 
 ••f i.tiraction, well worthy the attention of the traveler. 
 
 The Gene i- Valley Catial commences at Rochester, and 
 nscends the rich valley of the Genesee, being now completed a 
 distance of 88 miles, with a branch to Dansville, of 12 miles. 
 The Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad is now com- 
 pleted to Mount Morris, 36 miles, passing through the village 
 
 The most nc 
 
 iA Avon Sprii 
 
 delightfully si: 
 
 of tlie Genese 
 
 Canal, on an ( 
 
 the river, comr 
 
 Valley and sur 
 
 Connected w 
 
 famed medicin 
 
 two principal sj 
 
 Springs, distan 
 
 i similar propert 
 
 the same miner 
 
 fully tested the 
 
 found peculiarly 
 
 rheumatic com; 
 
 I affections, and i 
 
 There are sei 
 
 I near the Spring 
 
 I the Avon Hotel 
 
 ■ nd the fc^pring 
 
 I Springs, the twc 
 
 [for bathing are i 
 
 I being three estal 
 
 Itions not only foi 
 
 For Analysis, 
 
 I by J. Disturne: 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 103 
 
 of Avon, connecting with a line of travel to Buffalo on the west 
 and the c.ty of New York on the east. 
 
 connected 
 janals, the 
 lie Genesee 
 he Genesee 
 boats have 
 boat-yards 
 ige-making 
 
 part daily, 
 a the north 
 :he river, 7 
 ted, afford- 
 
 Railroad 
 irly. 
 
 Rochester 
 ty and visit 
 id artificial 
 ; important 
 reat advan- 
 :r below tlie 
 
 06 feet; 
 .^ deduct for 
 lason ■work, 
 vith Mount 
 ;ast side of 
 nany points 
 eler. 
 ihester, and 
 completed a 
 
 12 miles, 
 3 now com- 
 L the village 
 
 The most noted place of resort in the valley of the Genesee 
 .s Avon SrKr.cs, 18 miles south of Rochester The viire" 
 dehghtfully situated about half a mile east of the Hg t blk 
 of the Genesee Ihver, and 2 miles from the Genesee Valky 
 Canal, on an elevated terrace, about one hundred feet above 
 the nver, commanding an extensive prospect of the rich Genese« 
 Valley and surroundng country ucnese. 
 
 Connected with the village, on the southwest, are the justly 
 
 famed med.c.nal springs, giving celebrity to the place. 1^ 
 
 wo prmcipal springs are distinguished as the Upper and Lower 
 
 Sprmgs. distant from each other about 80 rods They po e 
 
 smular properties, differing only in the relative quanufierof 
 
 rtrtTr;"' ingredients. Analysis and explience have 
 
 ally tested the sana ive properties of these waters. They are 
 
 found pecuharly efficacious in disorders of the digestive organs 
 
 affections, and in every kind of obstructions 
 
 LlrT r.''''''^ ^'^"-k'^Pt hotels, both at the village and 
 
 near tae Springs. The n>ost noted are the Avon Eagle Hotel 
 
 |the Avon Hotel .. Ilesuier House, the Knickerbocker Ilali; 
 
 ^nd tile bpnng Hotel. The two latter are situated near the 
 
 or W) *"'/""" " '^^ ^^"^Se. The accommodations 
 
 tor bathing are also extensive and handsomely arrano-od there 
 
 tions not only for the invalid but for the seeker of pleasure 
 
 bvlV'"-''"' ''' ''^^"'^^^'^VATEH-FAi.r.s, etc.. published 
 py J. DiSTURNELL, 333 Broadway. New York. 
 
 h 
 
104 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 RAILEOAD EOUTE FROM ROCHESTER TO BUFFALO. 
 
 TnK A''ew York Central Railroad extends west from Roch- 
 ester, through the villages of Churchvilkk nnd Bergen, 
 forming the great eastern and western thoroughfare from the 
 Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of America. 
 
 Batavia, ^ miles west of Rochester, 3G east from Buffalo, 
 and 262 from Albany, by railroad route, is pleasantly situated 
 on a plain, through which flows the Tonawanda Creek. It was 
 incorporated in 1823, and now contains about 3,000 inhabi- 
 tants, 400 dwelling-houses, a court-house, jail, and county 
 clerk's office, a State arsenal, and the general land office of the 
 Holland Land Company. In addition to the Now York Central 
 Railroad, the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad, and 
 the Buffalo, New York, and Eric I'ailroad, also pass through 
 Batavia, affording great facilities to reach Albany, New York, 
 Philadelphia, etc. Stages run from Batavia Bouth to Warsaw; 
 and north to Albion and Lockport. 
 
 The villnge of Attica, 11 miles from Batav'a, and on the 
 Tonawanda Creek, is pleasantly situated. It is an active place 
 of business, containing about 1,000 inhabitants. The Buffalo 
 attd J\'>w York Cifi/ Railroad passes thro\igh th's village, con- 
 necting with the New York and Erie Railroad at Ilornellsville. 
 
 RAILROAD ROUTE FROM ROCHESTER TO NIAGARA 
 
 FALLS 
 
 BnorKPoiiT, 17 miljs west of Koclicster, and 210 by railroad 
 from Albany, is handsomely situated on the Eiio Canal. 1'- 
 was incorporated in 1820, nn I now contains about 2,200 inhabi- 
 tants and 300 dwelling-houses. 
 
 Tlio village of Iloi.Lr.Y, 5 miles west of Broclcport, containl 
 about 700 inhabitants. Sandy Creek flows tlirough this placa. 
 over which the canal passes by mean.s of an embankment, "S 
 
TVESTERN TOUR. 
 
 105 
 
 feet above the bed of the stronm -nri • i • 
 
 a culvert. ™' ""^''^ '' <^''^^«y«d under it by 
 
 Albion-, on the Erie Cannl «?n «,-i \c- 
 250 miles from Albany bvr.n' , '"^ ^"'^^'^*^'-' '^"^^ 
 
 The Alluvial. W A V r>« n « 
 
 mrkable foa,„™ extend, w«t ,o Uarailton c W v T,""- 
 (the Lead of Lake Ontario. »»"l'»n. t. W. , s,lnatc<l at 
 
 Knovvlesville, 7 miles We.t nP All- 
 Ivill^go on (ho lino of tZ\ V ^ ""■ " "" '"™Po™tcd 
 
 h ---nin 1;. 'a 7.::::;"::,::"' ?'" '"'■""""°"- 
 
 h«Wi»l.n>ent,. """' ""'' ■^""•"f»cluring 
 
 I '"%o of LocKPoar i. on (ho Erie Canal, 25 milo. 
 
 f 
 
 
106 
 
 WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ■■A 
 
 ill 
 
 northeast of Buffalo, and from Albany, by railroad route, 285 
 miles. It was 'ncorporated in 1827, and now contains about 
 9,000 inhabitants, 1,000 dwelling-houses, a court-house, jail, 
 and county clerk's oifice. 
 
 The hydraulic power derived from the surplus waters of the 
 Erie Canal at this place is sufficient to propel at kast 800 run 
 of mill-stones, and is almirably located for an extensive manu- 
 facturing towh. In addition to the Erie Canal, which pass33 
 through the center of the village, the Rochester, Lockport, and 
 JViagara Falls liaUroad passes through this place, and rv.m 
 to Niagara Falls, 20 mil«s ; the Loc/<porl and Buffalo Rath .■. 
 extends a distance of 25 miles to the city of Buffalo, aftordmg 
 a speedy communication for travelers visiting the Falls aivt 
 Buffalo Here are ten combined locks, constructed of lime- 
 rock, in the most finished style of masonry, to accommodate tlie 
 
 enlarged Erie Canal. 
 
 On leavin- Lockport for the West, passengers can proceed by 
 railroad, direct to Buffalo, 25 miles, parsing through Tona- 
 wanda, or continue on by direct route to the Susp,n^m 
 
 Bridge, 20 miles. 
 
 At the Suspension Bridge, or Niagara City, the New \orlt 
 Central Railroad cars connect with the trair.s running on the 
 BofTulo, matrara Falls, ami Uwiston Railrond, forming a 
 throu'rh line of travel from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, on the 
 Amerrean side of the Niagara River, length 28 miles, connect- 
 ing with steamors running on Lake Ontario. 
 
 The Erie and Ontario Railroad, on the Canada side of the 
 river, extends from Chippewa to Niagara, C. W., length h 
 n^Uos; also connecting with steamers running to Toronto n.^ | 
 other i)orts on L.ko Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. I 
 
 The Crmt ll'estan RailuHn/,o{ Cmmln, commencing nt th 
 c....„..„-.n Bn.lcre. a'so connects with the New York Central] 
 ' ' ' •• B of travel to Hamilton, ToroDui. 
 
 Railroad, forming the great 
 
 Detroit, the Upper Lakes, and t\xB Far m^t 
 
 Niagara Faij 
 Uig public, whore 
 
 attraction 
 thousands annually resort 
 
 for the travel- 
 
 to admire one 
 
 of 
 
WESTERN TOUR. 
 
 107 
 
 the most stupendous works of nature, must be seen to be truly 
 appreciated. In the immediate vicinity, on both sides of the 
 mighty cataract, are to bo found several wcU-kept hotels, for 
 tlie aceommolation of visitors. 
 
 The Railroads diverging from Buffalo and Niagara Falls 
 altogether aiford the most speedy and direct communication, 
 both east and west, and north and south, as well as to every 
 part of Canada. 
 ^^ For a further description of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence 
 I River, together with the cities, villages, etc., on their banks, 
 see «-Tkip THRoirr^H the Lakks and St. Lawrknck 
 RivKR," published by J. Distuknell, 333 Broadway, New 
 York. 
 
 .-fl 
 
RAILROAD 
 FALO T( 
 
 Tiis most us 
 
 of Xingara, an 
 
 the Bujfalo, ,M 
 
 in length. It 
 
 Falls, 22 miles 
 
 the Great Wost( 
 
 ton, the head o] 
 
 Anievlciin n.m 
 
 ton several time 
 
 the St. LawrciK 
 
 There is also 
 
 Stoamboat, dcs 
 
 i Chippewa, C. W 
 
 mill's in length ; 
 
 House, thrcp m 
 
 miles; Qnoensto 
 
 thirty.fivo miles 
 
 As the Steam 
 
 view may ba nht 
 
 '^iver. On tho 
 
 ' niins of old Foi 
 
 ^^14. It is situ 
 
HAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES FROI BUF- 
 FALO TO NIAGARA FALLS, TORONTO, ETC. 
 
 Ths most usual mode of conveyance from Buflfalo to the Falls ; 
 of Niagara, and thcnco to Lake Ontario, or into Canada, is by 
 t!ic Bujfalo, .Viagaru Falls and Lewiston Railroad, 28 miles 
 in length. It runs tlirough Tonawanda, 11 miles; Niagara , 
 tails, 22 miles; Suspension Bridge, 21 miles, connecting wit-b . 
 the Great Western Eailway of Canada, and terminates at Lewi^- 
 ton, the head of navigation on Niagara River, 28 miles. 
 
 American and Canadian steamers of a largo class leave Lewis- 
 ton several times daily, for different ports on Lake Ontario and 1 
 the St. Lawrence River. 
 
 There is also another very dcsiuible mode of conveyance, by 
 Steamboat, descending the Niagara River, from Buffalo to . 
 <^l'>rpowa, C. W., thcnco by tho Erie and Ontario Railroad, 17 
 m^les in length ; passing in full view of tho Fa'ls, to the Clifton 
 Mouse, tlireo miles bolow Chippewa; Suspension Bridge, five 
 
 j ""li's; Qnccnston, eleven miles, terminating at Niagara, C. W.. 
 
 * tliirty.fi vo miles from Buffalo. 
 
 'Vs the Steamboat leaves Buffalo on tho latter route, a flno * 
 
 1 View niiiu lin rtiifn.'nn.i ^e t _i._ •£,_.•_ t , .. . - _.. 
 
 j "•■ " '"-■' '-•^ }-i:ir.-c ir.rio anu Dotn snorC'S 01" ISlngara 
 
 '^'ver. On the Canada side, tho first object of interest are tho 
 rums of old Fout Erif;, captured by tho Americans July 8d, 
 '814. It is situp.tetl at the foot of the lake, opposite the site of a 
 
 f ?8 
 
 'I 
 
 ' i| 
 
110 
 
 BUFFALO TO 
 
 KIAOARA FALLS, KTC. 
 
 strong fortress which the United States government have recent- 
 ly erected for the protection of the river and the city of Buffalo, 
 Waterloo, C. W., three miles below Buffalo and opposite 
 Black Rock (now a part of Buffalo), with which it is connected 
 by a steam-ferry, is handsomely situated on the west side of 
 Niagara River, which is here about half a mile wide, The 
 Buffalo and Lake Huron Railroad runs from Fort Erie, near 
 Waterloo, to I^aris, C. W., where it connects with the Great 
 Western Railway of Canada. It is now completed to Stratford, 
 116 miles, will soon be finished to Goderich, lying on L. Huron, 
 
 Grand Island, belonging to the United States, is passed on 
 the right in descending the river. It is a large and valuable 
 tract of good land, abounding with white oak of a superior 
 quality 
 
 Navy Island, belonging to the British, is next pnssed, lying 
 within gunshot o^' the mainland. This island obtained great 
 notoriety in the fall and winter of 1837-8, when it was occupied 
 by the " Patriots," as they were styled, during the troubles in 
 Canada. The steamer Caroline was destroyed on the night of 
 December 29th, 1837, while lying at Schlosser's Landing, on the 
 American shore, having been engaged in transporting persons to 
 and from the island, which was soon after ev.icuated. 
 
 Opposite Navy Island, on the Canaila side, near Chippewa bat- 
 tle-ground, is the house in which Capt, Usher resided when mur- 
 der^ in 1838. It is supposed he fell by the hands of some of the 
 deluded patriots, having been shot by a secret foe, while in Iiis 
 own house. 
 
 Chippewa, 20 miles below Buffalo and two miles above the 
 Falls, is on the west side of Niagara River, at the mouth of a 
 creek of the same name, which is navigable to Port Roiuncon, 
 some eight or ten miles west ; the latter place being on the line 
 of the Welland Canal. The village of Chippewa conta ins a popu- 
 lation of about 1 ,000 souls. Steamboats and lake craft of a lurj:;! 
 size are built at this place for the trade of Lake Krio nnil tiie 
 Upper Lakes. It has obtained a place in history on account of 
 the bloody battle which was fought near it in tlie war of 181':. 
 between the United States and Great Britain. Tlio battle wii« 
 fouglit t a the oth of July, 1814, on the plains a short distnnu' 
 south of the steamboat landing. The American forces were 
 commanded by Major Gen, Jacob Brown, and the British, by 
 Major (lieneral Riall, who, after an obstinate and sanguinary 
 fight, was defeated with considerable loss. 
 
BUFFALO TO NIAGARA FALLS, ETC. 
 
 Ill 
 
 At Chippewa commences the railroad extending to Niagara, 
 at the mouth of the river, a distance of 17 miles. Stcamboata 
 continue the line of travel from both ends of this road, thus fur- 
 nishing an interesting and speedy conveyance between Lakes 
 Erie and Ontario. 
 
 On arriving in the vicinity of the Falls of Niagara, the 
 cars stop near the Clifton House, situated near the ferry, lead- 
 ing to the American side. The site of this house was chosen as 
 giving the best view of both the American and Canadian or 
 Ilorse-Slioe Falls, which are seen from the piazzas and front- 
 windows. 
 
 In addition to the Falls, there are other points of attraction 
 on the Canada side of the river. The collection of curiosities at 
 tlie Museum, and the Camera Obscura, which gives an exact and 
 beautiful, though miniature image of the Falls, are well worthy 
 of a visit. The Burning Sprifia;, two miles above the Falls, is 
 also much frequented ; and tho rides to the battle-grounds 
 m this vicinity make an exhilarating and very pleasant ex- 
 cursion. For further description of Falls, see page 21 1. 
 
 Drummondsville, one mile west of the Falls, and situated 
 on Lundy's Lane, is celebrated as the scene of another sanguin- 
 ary engagement between the American and British forces. 
 July 25, 1814. 
 
 The following is a brief, though correct account of the engage- 
 ment. " On the afternoon of the above day, while the American 
 army was on their march from Fort George toward Fort Erie, 
 ascending the west bank of the river, their rear guard, under 
 tlie immediate command of Gen. Scott, was attacked by the 
 advanced guard of the British army under Gen. IHall, the 
 British having been reinforced nfter their defeat at Chippewa, 
 on the 5th of the same month. This brought on a general con- 
 flict of the most obstinate and deadly character. As soon as 
 attaclied, Gen Scott advanced with his division, amounting to 
 about 3,000 men, to the open ground facing the heights occupied 
 by the main British army, where were planted several heavy 
 pieces of cinnon. Between eight and nine o'clock in the evening, 
 on the arrival of reinforcements to l)oth armies, the battle be- 
 came general and raged for several liours, with alternate success 
 on lK)th sides ; each army evincing the most determined bravery 
 and resistance. The command of the respective forces was now 
 assumed by Maj. Gen. Brown and Lieut. Gen. Drummond, each 
 having under his command a well-disciplined army. The brave 
 (American) Col. Miller was ordered to advance and seize the 
 artillery of the British, which ho eifocted at the point of the 
 bayonet in i ho most gallant manner. Gen. lliall, of the English 
 army, wag captured, and the possession of the battle-ground con- 
 tMted until near midnight, when 1,700 men being cither killed 
 
 "m 
 
 'w} 
 
 h 
 
 
112 
 
 BUFFAIO TO NIAGARA FALLS. ETC. 
 
 I'fi 
 
 or wotmded, the conflicting armies, amounting altogether to 
 about 6,000 strong, ceased the deadly conflict, and for a tiino 
 the bloody field was left unoccupied, except by the dead and 
 wounded. When the British discovered that the Americans had 
 encamped one or two miles distant, they returned and occupied 
 their former position.| Thus ended one of the most bloody con- 
 flicts that occurred during the last war ; and while each party 
 boasted a victory, altogether too dearly bought, neither was dis- 
 posed to renew the conflict," 
 
 Clifton is k nev? and flourishing village, situated at the 
 western termination of the Great Western Railway, where it 
 connects with the Suspension. Bridge. For description of 
 route to Detroit, etc., see page 150. 
 
 QuEENSToN, situated seven miles below the Falls, and about 
 the same distance above the entrance of Niagara River into Lake 
 Ontario, lies directly opposite the village of Lewiston, -nitli 
 which it is connected by a suspension bridge 850 feet in lengtli, 
 It contains about 500 inhabitants, 60 dwelling-houses, one 
 Episcopal, one Scotch Presbyterian, and one Baptist chureli, 
 four taverns, four stores, and three warehouses. This place 13 
 also celebrated as being the scene of a deadly strife between tlie 
 American and British forces, Oct. 13,1 812. The American troops 
 actually engaged in the fight were commanded by Gen. Solomon 
 Van Rensselaer, and both the troops and their commander 
 greatly distinguished themselves for their bravery, altliougli 
 ultimately overpowered by superior numbers. In attempting to 
 regain their own side of the river many of the Americans 
 perished, the whole loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners 
 amounting to at least 1 ,000 men. 
 
 Major Gen. Brock, the British commander, was killed in the 
 middle of the fight, while leading on his men. A new monumont 
 stands on the heights, near whei'ehe fell, erected to his mcniorj', 
 The first monument was nearly destroyed by gunpowder. April 
 17, 1840 ; an infamous act, said to have been perpetrated by a 
 person concerned in the insurrection of 1837-38. 
 
 Brock's new Monumfnt was commenced in 1853, and 
 
 finished in 1856; being 185 feet high, ascended on the inside by 
 
 a spiral staircase of 235 stone steps. The base is 40 feet square 
 
 and 35 feet in height, surmounted by a tablet 35 feet higli.wtb 
 
 historical devices on the four sides. The main shaft, about 100 
 
 1„Vli 
 
 
 
 ._ 1 _. _t«J V— 
 
 
 is placed a colossal figure of Major General Brock, 18 feet in 
 height. This beautiful structure cost £10,000 sterling, being 
 entirely constructed of a cream-colored stone quarried in th« 
 
BUFFALO TO NIAGARA FALLS, ETC. 
 
 113 
 
 vicinity. A massiye stone wall, 80 feet square, adorned with 
 military figures and trophies at the corners, 27 feet in height, 
 surrounds the monument, leaving space for a grass-plot and 
 walk on the inside of the inclosure. 
 The following is the inscription : 
 
 Upper Canada has dedicated this Monument 
 to the memory of the late 
 Major-General Sir Isaac Bhock, K.B., 
 Provisional Lieut.-Governor and Commander of the Forces in this Province 
 wliose remains are deposited in the vault beneath. ' 
 
 Opposinicr the invading enemy he fell in action, near the Heighta. 
 on the 13tb October, ISl >, in the 43d vear of his age, 
 Kevered and lamented by the people whom he governed, and deplored bv 
 the sovereign to whose service his life had been devoted; 
 
 The last words of Major General Brock, when he fell mortally 
 wounded by a musket-shot through the left breast, were, «• Never 
 mind, my boys, the death of one man— I have not long to live " 
 Thus departed one of the many noble spirits that were sacrificed 
 on this frontier during the war of 1812. 
 
 The village of Niagara is advantageously situated on the 
 Canada side, at the entrance of the river into Lake Ontario, 
 directly opposite Fort Mas;ara, on the American side. It con- 
 tains about 3,000 inhabitants; a court-house and jail ; one 
 Episcopal, one Presbyteri.in, one Methodist, and one Roman 
 Catholic church ; ten hotels and taverns, and twenty stores of 
 different kinds ; also, an extensive locomotive and car factory 
 This is tlie most noted place in Canada West for building steam- 
 boats and other craft navigating Lake Ontario. Here is a dock- 
 yard with a marine railway and foundry attached, capable of 
 making machinery of the largest description, and giving employ- 
 ment to a great number of men. It is owned by the " Niagara . 
 Uock Company." Steamers leave daily for Toronto, etc. 
 
 loRT George, situated a short distance south or up-streama j 
 fiom the mouth of the river, is now in ruins. This was the-j 
 scene of a severe contest in 1813, in which the Americans were • ' 
 Victorious. A now fort has been erected on the point of land at . 
 1 10 mouth of the river, directly opposite old Fort J\l<i^ara on 
 tlie American side. The new fortilication is called Fort Massa- ■ ' 
 
 The whole frontier on the Canada side, from Fort George to . 
 f ort^Erie, opposite Buffalo, was occupied by the American army ■ 
 in 1H14, when occurred a succession of battles of the moat de- 
 termined and brilliant character. 
 
NIAGARA RIVER, 
 
 ITS EAPIDS, PALLS, ISLANDS, AND ROMANTIC SCENERY 
 
 " Majestic stream ! what river rivals thee, 
 Thou child of many lakes, and sire of one— 
 Lakek that claim kindred with the all-circling sea- 
 Large at thy birth as when thy race is run ! 
 Against what great obstructions hast thou won 
 Thine august way— the rock-formed mountain-plain 
 Has opened at thy bidding, and the steep 
 Bars not thy passage, for the ledge in vain 
 Stretches across the channel — thou dost leap 
 Sublimely down the height, and urge again 
 Thy rock-embattlcd course on to '!'.■) distant main." 
 
 ■ This most remarkable and romantic stream, the outlet of 
 •Lake Erie, through which flows all the accumulated waters of 
 the Upper Lakes of North America, very appropriateiy forms 
 the boundary between two great countries, the British provinca 
 
 • of Upper Canada on the one side, and the State of New York, 
 the " Empire State" of the Union, on the opposite side. In its 
 
 '. whole course, its peculiar character is quite in keeping with 
 1 the stupendous Cataract from which its principal interest is 
 
 • derived. 
 
 The amount of water passing through this channel is im- 
 rvTaenae ; from a computation which has been made at the outlet 
 b'Of Lake Eric, the quantity thus discharged is about twenty 
 1 inillior^ of cubic feet, or nr rd of 600,000 tons per minute, 
 
 • all o( which great volume of water, 20 miles below, plunges 
 ■ over the Falls of Niagara. 
 
 The Niagara River commences at Bird Island, nearly opposite 
 
 '■ the mouth of Buffalo harbor, and passes by the slle of old Fort 
 
 Erie and Waterloo on the Canada side. At the latter place a 
 
 ,•• steam ferry-boat plies across the river to Black Rock, now form- 
 
 iing a part of the city of Buffalo. It is here proposed to con- 
 
NIAGARA RIVER. 
 
 115 
 
 struct a railroad bridge across the stream, about 1 ,800 feet in 
 width. 
 
 Squaw Islanb and Strawberry" Island are both small 
 
 islands lying on the American side of the stream, near the head 
 
 of Grand Island The river is here used in part for the Erie 
 
 Canal, a pier extending from Squaw Island to Bird Hand, 
 
 I forming a large basin called Black Rock Harbor. 
 
 Graxd Island, attached to Erie Co., N. Y., is a large and 
 
 I important body of land, about ten miles long from north to 
 
 > south, and seven miles wide. This island is partly cleared and 
 
 I cultivated, while the larger portion is covered with a large 
 
 growth of oaks and other forest trees. 
 
 Tlie ship or steamboat channel runs along the bank of 
 
 I Grand Island to nearly opposite Chippewa, where the whole 
 
 -iream unites before plunging over tlie Falls of Niagara, being 
 
 I again separated at the head of Goat Island. I'rom this point 
 
 the are-struck traveler can scan the quiet waters above, and 
 
 I tlie raging rapids below, preparing to plunge over the cataract. 
 
 Ca/uga Island and BuckhorxN Island are small bodies 
 
 I of land belonging to the United States, situated immediately 
 
 I below Grand Island. 
 
 Navy Island, lying opposite the village of Chippewa, 18 
 I miles below the head of the river, is a celebrated island belong- 
 ing to the Canadians, having been taken possession of by the 
 sympathizing patriots in 1837, when a partial rebelUon occurred 
 I in Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
 ToNAWANDA, 1 1 miles below Buffalo, is situated at the mouth 
 of Tonawanda Creek, opposite Grand Island. The Erie Canal 
 tere enters the creek, which it follows for several miles on its 
 course toward Lockport. A railroad also runs to Lockport, 
 connecting with the Miv York Central liailroad, extending 
 I to Albany. A ship canal is proposed to be constructed from 
 iawauda to some eligible polut on Lake Ontario, thus form- 
 |ing a rival to the Welland Canal of Canada. 
 
 SrHLOssER's Landing, two miles above Niagara Falls village, 
 5s a noted steamboat landing, opposite C ?ppewa, from whence 
 
 
 
116 
 
 NIAGARA RIVER. 
 
 the steamer Caroline was cut adrift by the British and de- 
 stroyed, by being precipitated over the Falls during the Ca- 
 nadian rebellion, Decembtr 29th, 1837. 
 
 The Rapids. — Below Navy Island, between Chippewa and 
 Schlosser, the river is nearly three miles in width, but soon 
 narrows to one mile, when the Rapids commence, and continue 
 for about one mile before reaching the edge of the precipice at 
 the Ilorse-Shoe Fall. 
 
 At the commencement of the Rapids " the bed of the river 
 declines, the channel contracts, numerous large rocks heave up 
 the rolling surges, and dispute the passage of the now ragiug 
 and foaming floods. The mighty torrent leaping down succes- 
 sive ledges, dashing over opposing elevations, hurled back bj 
 ridges, and repelled from shores and islands— plunging, boiling, 
 roaring — seems a mad wilderness of waters striving against its 
 better fate, and hurried on to destruction by its own blind and 
 reckless impetuosity. Were there no cataract, these Rapids 
 ■would yet make Niagara the wonder of the world." 
 
 Iris, or Goat Island, commences near the head of tie 
 Rapids, and extends to the precipice, of which it forms a part, 
 separating the American Fall from the Canadian or Horse-Shoe 
 Fall. It is about half a mile in length, eighty rods wide, and 
 contains over sixty acres of arable land, being for the most part 
 covered with a heavy growth f^^ forest trees of a variety of 
 species, and native plants and howers. A portion of the island, 
 however, has been cleared ofiF, and a garden inclosed, in whieh 
 are some excellent fruit trees, and a variety of native and 
 foreign plants and flowers, and a fish-pond. Tbe island is re- 
 markably cool, shady, and pleasant, and is an object of unceas- 
 ing admiration from year to year. Comfortable seats and 
 arbors are placed at the most interesting points, where tlie 
 visitor can sit at ease and enjoy the beautiful and sublime 
 
 flnnftiniTH)' 
 
 Vi'O.VS piCS-OULCCi LU ills Clgllt Vit-.-n Cilvidiit-CM. r.'j «■ 
 
 roar of mighty waters in their descent, often accompanied by 
 changing rainbows of t'e most gorgeous description. 
 
NIAGARA RIVER. 
 
 in 
 
 NIAGARA. 
 
 WRITTEN BY LYDIA H. SIGOURNEY. 
 Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe 
 Of terror and of beauty ; God hath set 
 His rainbow on thy forehead, and the cloud 
 Mantles around thy feet, and Ue doth give 
 Thy voice of thunder power to speak of Ilira 
 Eternally ; bidding the lip of man 
 Keep silence, and upon thy rocky altar 
 Pour incense of awe-struck praise. 
 
 Goat Island Bridge.— The Niagara Falls Gazette gives 
 [ the following description of this new structure : 
 
 " This bridge across the east branch of the Niagara River is 
 situated in the Rapids, about sixty rods above the Cataract, on 
 the site of the o d wooden bridge. It is 3G0 feet long, and con- 
 sists of four arches of ninety feet span each, supported between 
 the abutments of three piers. The piers above water are built 
 of heavy cut stone, and are twenty-two feet long and six feet 
 wide, tapering one foot in the height. The foundations are 
 formed of foot-square oak timber, strongly framed and bolted 
 together m cribs, filled with stone, and covered with timber at 
 he surface of the water. These timber-foundations are pro- 
 tected against wear and injury from ice by heavy plates of iron. 
 and being always covered with water, will be as durable as the 
 stone. 
 
 _ " The superstructure is of iron, on the plan of Whipple's 
 iron-arched bridge. The whole width is twenty-seven feet, 
 aifordmg a double carriage-way of sixteen and a half feet, and 
 two foot-ways of five and a fourth feet each, with iron railings. 
 Ihe arches are of cast iron, and the chords, suspenders, and 
 braces of wrought iron. All the materials used in the construe- 
 tion are of the best quality, and the size and strength of all the 
 par s tar beyond what are deemed necessary in bridges exposed 
 to the severest tests. & f ^^ 
 
 •'This substantial and beautiful structure, spanning a branch 
 of this majestic nver in the midst of the rapids, and overlook- 
 ng he cataract, is worthy of the site it occupies, and affords 
 ob"^cTes"fnX: ''' *"""^^ '' '""^'^ ^"Souuity over the 
 Zl^^ '"If ^"^ connected by this bridge with the American 
 
 mrinT^t )■ P^Pf ^y ""^ ^^''''^'- P«^^«^' '^"'l constitute the 
 h.?^.^-''i'"^ features m the scenery surrounding the cata- 
 iract. ihis bridge has been erected by them to facilitate com- 
 
118 
 
 NIAGARA RIVER. 
 
 munioation with these interesting localities not otherwise ac- 
 cessible." 
 
 This is a toll-bridge, every foot passenger being charged 25 
 cents for the season, or single crossing. 
 
 There are upward of thirty islands and islets in the Niagara 
 River or Strait, above the cataract. Most of those not described 
 are small, and scarcely worthy of enumeration, although those 
 immediately contiguous to Goat Island form beautiful objects in 
 connection witji the rushing and mighty waters by which tlioy 
 are surrounded. Sath Island, Bris Island, Chapiii's IslumI, 
 and Bird Island, all situated immediately above the Amoric.in 
 Fall, are reached by bridges. 
 
 When on Goat Island, turning to the right toward the Full?, 
 the first object of interest is Hofrn's Back, a point of land fnc- 
 ing tho American Fall,— Bridge to Adington Island immcdiatoly 
 above tho Cave of the Winds, 100 feet below. Sam. Piiteh's 
 Point is next passed on the right, from which he took a fonrfiil 
 leap some years since. Biddle's Stairs descend to tho Wiiters 
 edge below and the Cdve of the Winds, which are annuall,'' 
 visited by thousands of visitors. Terrapin Bridge and Torr.npin 
 Tower afford a grand view of the Canadian or Ilorse-Shoe Full 
 and Rapids above the Falls. Three Sister Islands are contif^iinii- 
 to Goat Island, on tho American side. Passing around <<ni! 
 Island toward the south, a grand view is afforded of tho rivoT 
 and rapids above the Canadian and American Falls. 
 
 CATAEiiCT OF NIAGARA.. 
 
 ••Plirlnp of Omnlpotonco! how vnut, how grand, 
 How nwful. yet. how hcnulifnl tliou urti 
 rninr'd aronnil (hy cvcrlnMlntf hills, 
 liolx'd In tho drapory of dciicendlng floods, 
 tTowncd by iho rniiii>o»», I'liiiopicii l>y cioiidi 
 Thnt roll In InconNO up froiTi thy drond base, 
 Illd hy thoir mnntlinK o'or the vast al>ys.s 
 Upon whose vcrgo thou stande.st, wheure asceuda 
 The niiehty anthem of thy Maker's praise, 
 Ilynji'dla t'k'riial UtunUert /" 
 
biorwise ac- 
 
 ^1 
 
 ( 
 
 

 I »!.. 
 
 ll'l. 
 

 % 
 
 ^^g 
 
 '-'i 
 
 ^^li'^':ii 
 
 J^^'^;^^- 
 
 „:■>'* 
 
 ^'^^^^^n^Boas 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 :M^ 
 
 ,.-'»^tei5^?:n-^::'-Tw^ 
 
 '"■ *^«««*H PALI. «v MOO^fUa 
 
^aiE"-=3h?* 
 
 lo bclitrvo, howeV( 
 tlie Iroquois, and ! 
 
 "When the tn 
 
 ni:(l gazes, and is 
 
 water which forr 
 
 Micliigjin, Huron, 
 
 pice 1(jO feet high 
 
 be heard, in favor 
 
 miles, though, at 
 
 without peroeivinj 
 
 the vicinity. In c 
 
 pal wei;,'ht of wate 
 
 is called tho Horst 
 
 priate, as tho edgi 
 
 I find forma a mode 
 
 fall. Gout Island, 
 
 the precipice, divi 
 
 [projwtiiig mnssof 
 
 Atiiericau shore, aj 
 
 I.-'Iand, at the lower 
 
 I extending; from the 
 
 j has been cdiistract 
 
 I niiJ another connec 
 
 I erected on the bro' 
 
 jOoat Island by a si 
 
 Nandover the edge 
 
 Itiiieviowof thiapa; 
 
 I American shore to 
 
 ront Island ia 78 
 
 jUnadiun side, 144 
 
 pis. Tho height c 
 
 Ifcct; nearOoatlslf 
 
 I Island, on the Cana 
 
CATARACT OF NIAGARA. 
 
 119 
 
 jIAGARA is a word of Indian origin— the 
 ' orthography, accentuation and meaning 
 of which are variously given by diflferent 
 authors It is highly probable that this 
 diversity might be accounted for and 
 explained by tracing the appellation 
 through the dialects of the several tribes 
 of aborigines who formerly inhabited tlie 
 
 neighboring country. There is reason 
 
 to behe.0, however, that the etymon belongs to the language of 
 die Iroquois, and signifies the " T/iuwler of Waters." 
 
 "When the traveler first arrives at the cataract* he stands 
 ni:d gazes, and is lost in admiration. The mi-1 tv volun.r f 
 water which forms the outlet of tlio tr-oof i i^ ^olume of 
 Michigan, Huron, and ErL. s here S?eS t-L l'^^'' ^"P""""' 
 pice IGO feet high, with a'^a? it^^TtSer^whK^^^ 
 
 without giving Tcht Lt\tra'trto"nX£Xrrt1n 
 tlie vicinuy. In consequence of a bend in the riv^^t *l ! ri- • 
 
 full 
 
 the_ precipice. di.^dT^g l-i^er^to ^wjri'" Tl ^^"^^ 1, 
 
 orccted on tho brow of tl e lorlo ShooFll ' ""'^ ? *?^"" '« 
 Coatlslnnd by a short brwio on S. ,? ' "PP'*«"*'J»ed from 
 
 lunadian side 144'rnHa. T;.iT.Vi i'""" ""^®;°^^" *'""• »» the 
 
 vtj 
 
]20 
 
 CATAKACT OF NIAGARA. 
 
 projection on the Cjinf.dian side, at the edge of the precipice, u 
 150 feot high. This phxce is generally thought to present the 
 finest vicAv of the Falls ; though if the spectator will visit the 
 tower on the opposite side on Goat Island, at sunrise, when tlie 
 whole cavity is enlightened by the sun, and the gorgeous Iwv 
 trembles in the rising spi-ay, he can iiot elsewhere, thewdv'.l 
 over, enjoy such an incomparable scene. A covered stairwuy 
 on the American side descends from the top to the bottom ot the 
 precipice. 
 
 " It has been computed that 100 million tons of water are d!;. 
 charged over the precipice every hour. I'he Rapids coiiiinsiiM 
 about a mile afeovc the Falls, and the water descends 57 lo.'t be- 
 fore it arrives at the cataract. The view from the brid^'e to 
 Goat Island, of the troubled water dnsliing turaultuously over 
 the rocks of the American fall, is tcrrifi. Wiiile curio.s'.ty oi-n- 
 Btitutcs an attribute of the human chara. ler, those falls will h 
 frequented by admiring and delighted visitors as one of the 
 grandest exhibitions in nature. 
 
 "This stupen<1ou3 cataract, situated in N. lat. 43^ 6,' aii'l W, 
 long. 2"^ 0' from Washington, is twenty-two miles north from the 
 efflux of the river at Lake Erie, and fourteen mdos south of its 
 outlet into Lake Ontario. The whole length of therjvcrij 
 therefore thirty-six miles, its general course is a few points to 
 the west of north. Though commonly called a river, this por- 
 tion of the St. Lawrence is, more properly speaking, a slra:l, 
 connecting, as above mentioned, the Lakes Erie and Ontario, mil 
 conducting the superfluous waters of the groat seas and streams 
 above though a broad and divided, and afterward compresseh 
 devious, and irregular channel to :he latter lake, into wliiehit 
 empties— the point of union boing about forty miles from the 
 western extremity of Lake Ontario. 
 
 " The climate of the Niagara is in the highest degree health- 
 ful and invigorafng. The atmosphere, constantly acted u]xii 
 by the rushing wf.ter, the noise and the spray, is kept pure, rs' 
 freshing, and salutary. There are no stagnant pools or miushi>= 
 near to send abroad their foetid exhalations and noxious rauis 
 mns, poisoning the air and producing disease. 
 
 " Bweet-breathing herbs and beautiful wild flowers ppnng 
 up spontaneously even on the sides, and in the crcvicos ofibe 
 giant rocks; and luxuriant clusters of tirs and other Ktrttelv 
 forest trees cover tho islands^, crown the dift's, and overhang 
 the banks of Niagara. Hero are no mosquitoes to annoy, iio 
 reptiles to alarm, and no wild aninmls to intimidalo, yei iDCy 
 is life and vivacity. Tho many-hued butterfly sips ainbtwi 
 'from tho fresh opened honey-cup— birds carol their lays of lova 
 
 - - • ' the lively ."qmrrell 
 
 hos: 
 
 13- 
 
 among tho epray-starrod branches ; and 
 skips chattering from troe to tree. Varict 
 
 arictios of water-lowi, at 
 
i 
 
 'ecipice, h 
 
 resent the 
 
 1 visit the 
 
 Avlion the 
 
 geous boTv 
 
 the W(.r!! 
 
 I stiiirwav 
 
 torn ot th^; 
 
 Bhuok'b McKOMsN.".~yue«unon iieiabts. 
 
certain seasons i 
 plays around tj 
 freedom — hover 
 its curling raiat, 
 its inaccessible : 
 " No place r,E 
 inducementa to 
 known except tc 
 impossibility of 
 cataract present 
 will be some lioj 
 can be done, Nia 
 
 Eelow the Fai 
 
 Stairs and Point ' 
 
 side is a ferry ; 
 
 usually to be fot 
 
 Table Rock, and 
 
 About 30 rods 
 
 hermit Abbot was 
 
 is Catlin's Cave, i 
 
 The steamboat 
 
 I on the American s 
 
 a mile above the i. 
 
 \ boat of the same i 
 
 [ment boat in .184! 
 
 an accident of any 
 
 I8tli, 1840, by Cai 
 
 I the only persons on 
 
 [desirous of crossii 
 
 pafely landed on til 
 
 The Suspension 
 
 I America, is situate( 
 
 jhas recently sprui 
 
 [known as the Su.s 
 
 U'iijhn on the Can; 
 
 [feet in width, with 
 
 Th« Whirlpool a 
 
 Iterrific sights of gr( 
 
3ARARACT OF NIAGARA. 
 
 121 
 
 .He 
 
 certainsefisonsof the year Annrf nr»n« , +i -j ., 
 
 fays around .„„ frJ^lS .hTe'^ -S?'Ker bfX? 
 
 treedora— hovers above tho ontav^ot ^i ^ I- "^"°^^ "^^^ of 
 
 its curling mist., and its -^"''^ ^ '''"' ^"^ 
 
 its inaccetsible idands home among the giant firs of 
 
 iniStrviXff ^ji^aTa";^ ^-^ ^«-«o- and 
 known except to those^^l o see° and ^ndy'LT r''\^' ^""^ 
 impossibility of de-^cribinrr snnh „ ^ ^'''^' S""" *^^ ^"^^^ 
 cataract presents \henS^t?on1^nn\''^ ^' t^' wonderful 
 will be some hope of immSS a f wlf ^'^^^ ^^ ''^''' *^^^« 
 can be done, ^^S^.2^^!^^::^:^l '^^ -^^1 tl.at 
 
 Eelow the Falls, tho first objects of in'-^est are the Ferry 
 
 Sa.rsandPo.ntViowontheAmericanside;Tvhileontheopposit' 
 ade s a ferry and steamboat landing, where carriages are 
 
 sually to be found to convoy passengers to the Clifton House, 
 Table Rock, and other places. 
 
 About 30 rods below the firry stairs is the spot where the 
 orunt Abbot was drowned. Half a mile below the latter point 
 18 Cathn 8 Cave, formerly much frequented. 
 
 The steamboat landing for the Maid of the Mist is situated 
 
 I on tae American shore two miles below the Falls and about half 
 
 a mile above the Suspension Bridge. This steamer, the second 
 
 boat of the same name, first commenced running as an experi- 
 
 hnent boat in 1848; since then she has run annually without 
 
 sTlHrf rf^Tr'- '"'^ '"* trip was made on September 
 
 P^th. 846, by Capt. 11. Filkins. who with his small crew were 
 
 lie only persons on board, except an intrepid Canadian who was 
 
 te,rous of crossing the river with a horse, they both being 
 
 [ wfely landed on tho Canadian shore. 
 
 The Suspension Bkibgic, the greatest artificial curiosity in 
 
 America, is situated two miles and a half below the Falls, where 
 
 |fi>^a recently sprung into existence Alagara City, or better 
 
 |wiown as the Su.spmsion Bri,}irp. nn fl,« a -J^^ ..-j ., 
 
 iCi ""^ C'^^^'J^'^n a! Je of the river, here being about 800 
 l-w in width, with perpendicular banks of 325 feet. 
 I Tb Whirlpool and Rapith, one mile below the Bridge, are 
 lierrific sights of great interest, and well worthy a yiait 
 
122 
 
 CATARACT OF NIAGARA. 
 
 The JDevirs Hole, one mile farther down, is also a point of 
 gi-eat attraction, together with the Bloody Run, a small stream 
 where a detachment of English soldiers were precipitated in 
 their tiight from an attack by Indians during the old Frend 
 war in 1759, An amphitheater of high ground spreads around 
 and perfectly incloses the valley of the Devil's Hole, with tie 
 exception of a narrow ravine formed by Bloody Fun— from 
 which, against a large force, there is no escape, except over 
 the precipice. 'The Ice Cave is another object of interest con- 
 nected with the De^'i^s Hole. 
 
 The Rapids belouf the Whirlpool are the next object of attrac- 
 tion; then Queenstdii Heights and Brock's Monument on the Ca- 
 nadian side, and the Suspension Bridge at Lewiston; altogether 
 forming objects of interest sufficient to fill a well-sized volume, 
 
 The Niagara River is navigable from Lewiston to its mouth at 
 Fort Niagara, a farther distance of seven miles, or fourteen 
 below the Falls of Niagara. 
 
 NEW STEAMER MAID OF THE MIST. 
 
 This steamboat will in future stop at both the Ferry landings, 
 on the American and Canadian shores. She is of 170 tons bur- 
 den, propelled by a powerful engine of over 100 horse-pow, 
 built expressly for this route, furnished with Francis' Life-boats, 
 and all the modern improvements. The Cabins, Saloons, an-! 
 Promenade Deck extend over the whole boat, so that passengers 
 will be completely protected from the spray ; now making her 
 regular trips under the pilotage of J. R. Robinson, the cele- 
 brated navigator of the Rapids of Niagara. 
 
 The pleasure trip up to the Falls would seem to require little 
 to recommend it, as the thousands who have repeated it in the | 
 old boat can bear witness to its great attractions. The novelty, 
 beauty, and grandeur of the scene can not be ovcr-cstimat?-: 
 passing as the boat does, for two miles through the gorge of tie 
 Niagara, directly in front of the New Railroad Suspension 
 Bridge, the American Fall. Lunar Island, Cave of the Winds, t« 
 
CATARACT OP }IIAi;ARA. 
 
 123 
 
 the Great Horse-Shoe Falls and Table Rock, all of which are 
 presented at one view to the beholder in their most sublime and 
 imposing aspect. 
 
 The boat will run daily {Su7idays excepted), leaving Suspen- 
 siou En Jge Wharf morning and evening. The charge for the 
 Pleasure Trip will be 50 cents. 
 
 ^- Omnibuses and Carriages run from all the depots and 
 hotels in connection with the boat. 
 
 The village of Niagara Falls, Niagara Co., N. Y., is sit- 
 uated on tU east side of Niagara River, in the .immediate vi- 
 cinity of the grand Cataract, 22 miles from BuflFalo and 303 
 miles from Albany by railroad route. No place in the Union 
 exceeds this favored spot as a fashionable place of resort dur- 
 ing the summer and fall months, when hundreds of visitors 
 may be seen every day flocking to Goat Island, or points con- 
 tiguous to the Rapids and Falls. The village contains several 
 large hotels for the accommodation of visitors, the most noted 
 of which are the Cataract House and the International Hotel- 
 the Monteagle Hotr!, situated two miles below the Falls, near 
 the Suspension Bridge, and the Clifton House, on the Canada 
 I side, are all alike popular and well-kept hotels; there are five 
 ! churches of different denominatioLs ; 15 stores, in many of which 
 are kept for sale Indian curiosities and fancy work of different 
 kinds. The water-power here afforded by the descending 
 stream, east of Goat Island, is illimitable. A paper-mill a 
 flourmg-miU, two saw-mills, a woolen factory, a furnace aLd^ 
 machme shop, together with other manufacturing establish- 
 ments, here use the water-power so bountifully supplied The 
 I population is about 3,000. 
 
 The railroads centering at the Falls are the Buffalo, Alagara 
 \/alls atid Lewiston Railroad, the jYeto Vm-k Central T?aiL 
 \md,!iM the Canandaigua and JS'iagara Falls Railroad, 
 thelat(«r road connecting with the JVew York and Erie Rail- 
 \road,md forming with other roads a direct route to PhUa 
 Nelphia, Baltimore, and Washington 
 
 ' ttJ-xM 
 
124 
 
 CATARACT OF xIIAGARA. 
 
 An omnibus line runs hourly from the village of Niagara 
 Falls to Niagara City, or Suspension Bridge, during the sum- 
 mer months, and thence to the Clifton House and Table Rod 
 on the Canada side, affording a cheap mode of visiting hoth 
 sides of Niagara River. 
 
 Niagara City, situated two miles below tlie Falls, at the 
 Suspension Bridge, is a new and flourishing place. Here is lo- 
 cated the Monteagle Hotel, and other public houses, togelhor 
 ■with several stores and manufacturing establishments. 
 
 DIMENSIONS OF SUSPENSION BKIDGE. 
 
 Length of span from center to center of towers. 822 feet. 
 
 Height of railroad track above water 250 " 
 
 Height of towers above rock on American side. . 88 " 
 Height of towers above rock on Canada side ... . 78 " 
 
 Height of towers above floor of railway 60 " 
 
 Number of wirs cables 4 ^ 
 
 Diameter of each cable 10 inches. 
 
 Number of wires in each cable 3,659 
 
 Weight of superstructure 750 tona. 
 
 Base of towers 16 feetsq 
 
 Top of towers 8 " 
 
 Depth of anchor pits below surface of rocks . 30 feet, 
 
 WEIGHT OF THE MATERIALS IN THE BRIDGE. 
 
 Timber of different kinds 919,180 lbs 
 
 Wrought iron and suspenders 113,120 " 
 
 Castings 44,822 '« 
 
 Iron rails 6(5.740 " 
 
 Cable between towers 535,400 " 
 
 Total 1,678,722 « 
 
 The Great Western Railway of Canada, which unites -with 
 the New York C'utral Railroad, terminating on the American 
 side of the river, here commences and extends westward through 
 Hamilton, London, and Chatham to Windsor, opposite Detroit, 
 Mich., forming one of the great through lines of travel froifl 
 Boston and New York to Chicago and the Far West. 
 
 Tliis road also furnishes a speedy route of travel to Toronto, 
 CoUingwood, etc. 
 
HUOARA PAILS. 
 
 135 
 
 BATE OF CHABGES AT NUOAEA PAI.,8. 
 as other fashionable resorts : ' '"' ^' ^^" 
 
 AMERICAN- SIDE. 
 
 Board, from one to two and a half dollars per day 
 
 For servjcos of guide, from one to three dollars 
 
 For guide behind the Central Foil / 
 the Winds, one dollar. ' """^ ^^'^'^"° '^' ^'^^ of 
 
 For crossing bridge to Goat Island. 25 cents 
 
 Fare o and from Suspension Bridge. 12^ cents. 
 
 Fare for crossing Suspension Bridge. 25 "cents 
 
 Fare to the Whirlpool. 60 cents 
 
 For use of steps or cars on Inclined Plane, 6* cents 
 
 Ferriage to Canada side, 18| cents 
 
 Omnibus fare and steam ferriage t^ Canada side, 25 cents. 
 
 CAN-ADA SIDE. 
 
 Boarf, from one to two an-1 a half dollars per day 
 
 o:::yir ""'=™' '-- °''-- -- "-™ 
 
 I W:ot tlt "" °' '"'' '» "" ■'"'^■"' '"^ ^»" at TaMe 
 Carriage fare fro,,, ferry to Clifton House, 64 e^ats 
 
 o -pnng, and back to Terry. 60 to 75 cents 
 
 I ™. dollar °*' "°™'""-" »■" «»«-'»■> Heigbts, 
 
 Carriage faro par day, four dollars. 
 
 kraot. •""' °' '""■"'"'° """^ '"'d Wow the mighty 
 
126 
 
 BUFFALO TO LEWISTON, ETC. 
 
 Lewiston, Niagara Co., N. Y., is delightfully situated on the 
 east bank of the Niagara River, seven miles below the Falls, 
 and seven miles above the mouth of the river vrhere it falls into 
 Lake Ontario. It is an incorporated village and contains about 
 1,000 inhabitants, four churches, an incorporated academy; a 
 custom-house, it being the port of entry for the district of 
 Niagara; three hotels, nine stores, and three storehouses. 
 Here is a very convenient steamboat landing, from which 
 steamers depart daily for Oswego, Ogdensburgh, etc., on the 
 American side, iand for Toronto, Kingston, etc.j on the Canadian 
 Bide. The Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Lewiston Railroad ter- 
 minates at this place, where is a magnificent Suspension Bridge 
 thrown across the Niagara connecting Lewiston with Quocnston, 
 Canada. The mountain ridge here rises about 300 feet aboTe 
 the river, forming many picturesque and romantic points of 
 great interest. On the American side of the river stands the 
 Bite of old Fort Gray, erected during the war of 1812, while on 
 the Canadian side are situated Queenston Heights, surmounted 
 by a beautiful monument erected to the memory of Gen. BroclJ, 
 of the British army, who was here killed in a sanguinary con- 
 flict, October 13th, 1812. From this height a most extensive 
 and grand view is obtained of Lake Ontario and the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 YouNGSTowN, six milos below Lewiston, and ono milo above 
 old Fort Niagara at the mouth of the river, is a regular steam- 
 boat landing. The village contains about 800 inhabitants; 
 three churches, two public houses, five stores, and two flouring- 
 mills, besides other manufacturing establishments. A railroad 
 is nearly completed, extending from this place to Niagara Falls. 
 being a continuation of the Canimilaigua nnd Niagara Fulls 
 Railroad, now completed to tlio Suspension Bridge. A terrj 
 plies from Voungstown to the village of Niagara on the Canadi 
 Bid© of the river, hero about half a mile in width. Tins istw 
 first landing, on the American side of the river, after loavini , 
 the broad waters of Lake Ontario 
 
n ) Scale of MUa* 
 
,1 , (« iVittrmmdini; (Laxcntn^/^^ 
 
 'hi'mifi nil titf flnat ^-^ ^ 
 
 RO(nn» OP nuTHL *<•. 
 
 NtmTurlt 
 n,Mkf*>J f^/AiunuU MOC.CCLVII ^ 
 
 ' IH.iTritaiKU..I'iiUlUl!-.i lUKl llPrtUi mr<VM,l 
 
ROCmtt OF ntATKIi »<>. 
 
 I ^nNKU..l^lUlut»■< luui iiptiui mySrs ,6vita WMHi Ar 
 
'^h 
 
 This Lak( 
 
 North Am&r 
 
 it. is 190 mi 
 
 being about 
 
 between the 
 
 tlirough the 
 
 Lawrence to 
 
 I enters Canad 
 
 The lake is 
 
 of the largest 
 
 I of 600 feet in 
 
 Atlantic, and 
 
 is connected 
 
 in Canada. ] 
 
 [on the Amerii 
 
 I great extent ( 
 
 jsiderable, and 
 
 splendid stean 
 
 lowing to its , 
 
 I where the wat 
 
 I fectually inter 
 
 I The most impc 
 
 I Lake Ontario i 
 
 ilton, and Nia 
 
 packet's Harbc 
 
 jistononNiaga 
 
 j gable waters of 
 
 [Erie canals. 
 
 I Canadian and 
 
 Tariety of fi.sh ( 
 
 jfirticuiar, h&y 
 
 Iqaantitiea Tli 
 
 I Great and Litt 
 
 |U>e picturoKjae 
 
LAKE ONTAEIO. 
 
 Tms Lake, the most eastern of the great chain of Lakea o' 
 North Am^nca receives tlie surplus waters of Niagara Kivor; 
 
 t^ L";?«n" '"^''' '""^ '' "^^^^^ ^^ -*r«-« breadth 
 ^mg about 480 nules in circumference. The boundary lin^ 
 between the British Possessions and the United States runs 
 
 I tarough the middle of the lake, and so continues down the St 
 Lawrence to the 45th degree of north latitude, where the river 
 
 I enters Canada. 
 
 The lake is navigable throughout its whole extent for vessels 
 
 f 00 feet in depth^ It« surface is elevated 234 feet above the 
 Atlantic and lies 330 feet lower than Lake Erie, with which it 
 « connected by the Niagara River and by the Welland Canal 
 m Canada. It has also been proposed to construct a ship canal 
 ou the American side. The trade of Lake Ontario, from the 
 great extent of inhabited country surrounding it. is very oon- 
 . eraWe. and ,s rapidly increasing. Many sail vessei^ Id 
 splendid steamers are employed in navigating it« waters which 
 ow.ng to its great depth, never freezts. ex'oept TZ^^' 
 .here he water is shallow ; so that its navigafion is not 12 
 k.tually interrupted by Ice as some of the'other lar^e iTk ^ 
 he mos important places on the Canadian or British dde of 
 
 Lt " fv- ''' ^'°^'''°' ^'^"'•«' ^''' "«P«' Toronto. Ham- 
 Iton, and Niagara; on the American shore, Cape Vincent 
 acket's Harbor. Oswego. Charlotte or Port Genesee, alirw: • 
 
 2 on Niagara River. This lake is connected with the navl- 
 1 ci: r i^ ""^«-f - 'y -ans of the 0.wego and 
 
 Can! , . T'"'' "^'''"^ ''''''^'' botl* fro^ the 
 
 Canad-an ana the A .erican sides, and abounds with a great 
 
 l^nety of fi.sh of an excellent flavor. The ba«, „n.l JJlT 
 
 *«.u.umr. nave a high reputation, and are taken in lar^ 
 
 0^ t and Little 8od««, Mexico. Black River. Chaamont, and 
 U>e picturcwiue wat ?v, of the Bay of QuJnte. 
 
128 
 
 LAKE ONTARIO. 
 
 The passage across Lake Ontario in calm weather is most 
 agreeable. At times both shores are hidden from rhyr, when 
 nothing can be seen from the deck of the vessel but nn abysg 
 of waters. The refractions which sometimes take place in 
 summer, are exceedingly beautiful. Islands and trees appear 
 turned upside down ; and the white surf of the beach, trans- 
 Ir.ted aloft, seems like the smoke of artillery blazing away from 
 a fort.* 
 
 on ♦£ T Y^I MiRAGE.-That grand phenomenon occasionnlly witnosscd 
 on the Lakes-mirago -was seen from the steamer Bay State, on a recent 
 trip from Niagara to Genesee Elver (August, lb56), with more thnn o 
 dinary splendor. The Lockport Journal ^ays It occurred jSst nMhe sun 
 was setting, at whieh time some twelve vessels were seen reflected on the 
 horizon, in an mverted position, with a distinctness and vividness tru v 
 surprising. The atmosphere was overcast with a thick haze such as nr? 
 cedes a storm, and of a color favorable to represent upon the darkened 
 background, vividly, the full outlines of the r gging, sails, cc as iS 
 as if the ships themselves were actually transformed to the ae HaTc^nm 
 The unusuaf phenomenon lasted until darkness put au end to the 8c"ne 
 
 EOUTE AROUND LAKE ONTARIO. 
 
 Milei. 
 
 Kingston, C. W., to Toronto, via Grand Trunk Railway. ICO 
 
 Toronto to Hamilton, C. W., Toronto and Hamilton H.H. 38 
 
 Hamilton to Suspension Bridge, via Great Western RR. 4;! 
 Suspension Bridge to Rochester, N. Y., via ^V. F. Ceiitral 
 
 Railway -g 
 
 Rochester to Oswego, N. Y., by stage 70 
 
 Oswego to Richland, N. Y., " . . . .* 3.5 
 
 Richland to Cape Vincent, via IVatertown and Rome R.R. bo 
 
 Cape Vincent to Kingston, C. W., via Wolfe Island 12 
 
 Total Mil j8 489 
 
 NoTK.— Tlio extreme length of L. Ontario is 190 miles, from 
 Cape Vincent to Hamilton, C. W. ; being about four times M 
 long as its greatest width. The circuit of the water is esti- 
 miitod at 130 miloa ST r Lake fSr,,., pnjre ir,3 
 
STEAMBOAT ROUTES. 
 
 129 
 
 Lewiston , . . , 
 Youngstown . . 
 Xiagara, Can. 
 Charlotte, or 
 Genesee . . 
 
 Port 
 
 Miles. 
 
 11 
 1-12 
 
 Porta, etc. vrsi,. ^ 
 
 Miles. Ports, etc. 
 
 Ogdensburgh 
 
 6 Morristown 
 
 1-7 Broc/iville, Ca.n 
 
 Thousand Islands 
 
 Oswego qa tj^ „ , *^ 12-46 
 
 Sachets Harbor.. 12 1Q9 e ,., .1 '" 
 
 f, , -^„ , 14-iyj Sac/eet's Harbor qq ina 
 
 Grand, or Wolfe Island 28-2'>0 S^^no^T> • / V. ^ ^ 
 
 K.vasToi..Can. in OSO ^'""^^^^^^^'^^d Island 12-120 
 
 Sodus Point 30-183 
 
 Pultneyville 10-193 
 
 Charlotte, or Port 
 
 Thousand Islands. . 
 \Clayton, or French 
 
 ^^^^^ 24-254 
 
 'Alexandria Bay 12-206 
 
 Smkville, Can. oo ~oZ ^.. ^''''''' 20-213 
 
 "1 i^are. $5 50 (mcludmg meals). Deck Faro. $2 60. 
 
 SraiMBOAT noUTE FROM LEWISTON TO TOROVTO ANn 
 0GDEN8BUE0II, .^a EXPRESS LINE ^ 
 
 HUea. 
 
 
 Porta, etc. 
 r'ACAIiA ... 
 
 ronoNTo, Can.' .■■.■■.' 42_49 
 
 rwnt Peter and Light 128-177 
 ^"cK Island. . qn onr 
 
 pbofsPoifl^andL. iS 
 
 Ports, etc. jju^^ 
 
 BrocA'ville,lj[in,\ '." i? 
 
 Clayton, or i-'.v-ncA 
 
 p ^'!;''''^ 84-^5 
 
 Tibbot'a Point.::::: ,,"^? 
 
 
130 
 
 STEAMBOAT ROUTES. 
 
 Porta, etc. Mtlca 
 
 Duck Island 19-80 
 
 Point Peter and Light 80-110 
 
 Toronto 128-228 
 
 Niagara 42-280 
 
 Lewiston- 7-287 
 
 Usual Fare, from Ogdensburgh to INIontreal, $3 50 
 
 Through Fare, from Lewiston to Montreal, 9 00 
 
 " '• from Buffalo to Montreal, 10 00 
 
 rorts, etc. 
 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Oape Vincent. 
 
 . . ■ • 
 
 3-229 
 
 I lay ton, or Fi 
 
 •ench 
 
 
 Creek 
 
 . . . . 
 
 13-242 
 
 HrockautC, Can. 
 
 • • • • 
 
 34-276 
 
 '^>gdknsburgh . 
 
 
 11-297 
 
 AMEEICAN STEAMERS. 
 
 ONTABIO AND ST. LAWEENCE BTKAMBOAT COMPAKY'S OFFICE, OS^S'EOO, S. T. 
 
 E. B. Allen, Pres., Ogdensburgh. 
 
 Jas. Van Cleve, Sec. and Treaa , Lewiston. 
 
 Steamer Bay State, 1,098 tons Capt. John Ledyard. 
 
 New York-, 1,200 " " 
 
 Northerner, 905 '* " 
 
 Cataract, 577 " " 
 
 Niagara, 473 « " 
 
 Ontario, 832 " " 
 
 R. B. Chapman. 
 R. F. Child. 
 Jas. R. Ester. 
 John Morluy. 
 H. N. Throop. 
 
 One of the above steamers leaves Lewiston daily for Charlotte, 
 Oswego, Sacket's Harbor, Kingston, and Ogdensburgh, returning 
 by the way of Cape Vincent, Toronto, etc., to Lewiston, 
 
 A steamer of the same line also leaves Lewiston dally fof 
 Toronto, Cape Vincent, and Ogdensburgh, returning by the way 
 of Sacket's Harbor, Oswego, Charlotte, etc., to Lewiston, con- 
 necting with cars running to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, etc. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER STEAMERS, 
 
 BUNNINO IN CONNECTION WITH THB ABOVE BOATS, FORMINO A TUEOCfill 
 
 LINE TO MONTREAL. 
 
 Steamer British Queen, 800 tons. ..... Capt. A. Cameron. 
 
 «• Jenny Lind, 300 " « L. Moody. 
 
 " Montreal, 300 " " John Laflamc. 
 
 wuo ol" tL« above stoamera leaves Ogdeusburgb, daily, dunDgj 
 the bOUHon of navigation, for Montreal, passing by daylglitj 
 throug? the Rapids of the St. Lawrence, returning through th«j 
 Canals 
 
09'VrEGO, N. T, 
 
 ^ A THEOCeS 
 
 HK. 
 
 :t 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 H 
 
• t ■ 
 
 TRIP FROM 
 
 DrRiNG the i 
 
 ' belonging to the 
 
 imy, leave LeM 
 
 ' shore to the foot 
 
 ' 3n the St. Lawre 
 
 On leaving the 
 
 I tensive view is af 
 
 Bridge, Brock's 3 
 
 I lages of Lewistou 
 
 I tlie background. 
 
 I cyents connected 7 
 
 I The banks of the 
 
 pith bold shores, 
 
 I Ontario, the recep 
 
 Fort Niagara 
 
 I American shore a 
 
 porthy of a visit i 
 
 [m the Canadian s: 
 
 1^1. Be Salle, the ( 
 
 prance, inclosed tl 
 
 "25, by palisades. 
 
 l^ir William Johnso 
 
 P'hen it was evacua 
 
 jtiie I9th of Deceml 
 
 p surprise; and i 
 
 lAmericaus. This ol 
 
 Ji"Ie in the hands ( 
 N been at times ns 
 Nle dungeons, wh( 
 
TRIP FROM LEIVISTON TO OSWEGO. KIXGSTOV 
 AND OGDEJfSCUliGII. '"'""^'"^^' 
 
 if..V, leave Lo™.on dail^ fo IwfrZ'" ^'"''7' '"'""■ 
 4ore to the fool of Lata 0^, ^ ^ * •"■ Aoo.icaa 
 
 lagesofLewistonandQueenston wUh +1, \^;g'"«' ^^nd the vil- 
 .e baCgrounC. Wheu at 1 L^I t ^:1^^^^ ^^ 
 
 events connected with this vicinity no spo .1 7 -^^ "'"^ 
 The banks of the river ar« >, ? ^ ^'^' '' '^ ^°*«^««t- 
 I ii. 1 , , '^^ ^^^® elevated from 40 tn /^n *• * 
 
 jwith bold shores \irh\U +>,« i. "^ ^^"m 4U to CO feet, 
 
 lAmtncan shore at the mouth of «,. 7, *'°°- '^"8 »" «« 
 
 «th. Canadian shore nTatthe^l, 7v- °' "'"'' ''"''^'' 
 Y De Salle, the e J,^reroft7 J *° ""'«'"'''- '» ""»• 
 
 >-M, by palisades. In 1760 iWat . I . ?' '""''' ''"'" ™ 
 S'WiUia™ Johnson in ^Z!? f"'^ ""^ ""> "■■"!*■ ™der 
 
 W it was evaenatVand .Ten „; to thT'°1 '""" '''"• 
 |«i« 19lh of December ,«r<! '. ^ "" ''''■'•«" *'««»■ On 
 \ -rpHse; Td 1: £ ",™ °f " '»'» "y *e British 
 
 t- -o,dfortif.Lt,;:Zfo:sr,,i- 
 Mein?h;h:ndtn,::;^;r,:r " rF'-*'"'- 
 
 h been at times i,<,.rl ' '' ""^ ^^^'^^ °^ ^ta i^'i^- 
 
 hole dunge^riw r\! '"""' '" '*^ ^'^^« ^'^ -P^eg- 
 r oeons. where hght was not admitted, for many yoa^ 
 
 :» 
 
134 LEWI8T0N TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUIlGn. 
 
 there remained clear traces of the ready instruments for exe- 
 cution or for murder. During the war of the Revolution it vas 
 the head-quarters of all that was "barbarous and unrelenting 
 and cruel ; this being the chief rendezvous of a savage horde 
 that carried death and destruction into the remote Amoricau 
 settlements. Of late years, the abduction of ^Villiam Morgan, 
 who was taken from the jail in Canandaigua, and conveyed 
 more than 100 miles through a populous country, and lodged 
 in the magazine at Fort Niagara, where he was kept three or 
 four days, and then inhumanly drowned— has justly tended to 
 continue its reputation for being the scene of tyranny and 
 murder. 
 
 On passing out of the mouth of the Niagara River, and reach- 
 ing tho broad waters of Lake Ontario, a deeply interesting view 
 is afforded of the town of Niagara and Fort Niagara, situated 
 on opposite sides of the river, while in the distance may be seen 
 Brock's Monument, rising nearly 600 feet above the waters of 
 the lake, being eight or ten miles distant. 
 
 The steamer now pursues an easterly course in runnino' for 
 Charlotte, or Port Genesee, 80 miles from the mouth of Niagara 
 River. The shores of the lake of a clear day are generall in 
 sight, presenting an elevated and bold appearance for many 
 miles. Eighteen Mile Creek, Thirty Mile Creek, and Oak 
 Orchard River are passed in succession ; at the mouth of each 
 there are harbors and small settlements. JBi cd Jock's Point 
 is a bold headland ten miles west of the mouth or tho Genesee 
 River, 
 
 Charlotte, or Port Genesee, 80 miles from the moutliof 
 Niagara River, and 60 miles west from Oswego, is situated at 
 the mouth of Genesee River, seven miles by railroad below the 
 city of Rochester, it being the outport for that place. It is 
 a port of entry, possessing a safe harbor, being protected by tffo 
 long government piers, on one of which is located a light: there 
 is also a light-house on the mainland. The village contains 
 about 400 inhabitants, two churches, three hotels, four stores, j 
 four warehouses, one steam elevator, oa! steam saw-mill, and 
 
LEWlSTOr. TO OSWEGO AND OGDEXSBUROH. 135 
 
 etc on the Amencan side, all connecting at Charlotte wUh 
 raih'oad cars for Rochester ^uanocre with 
 
 The FA..S of the Genesee, near Rochester, are well worthy 
 attent,on The banks of the river immediatei; aboveChl oUe 
 rise from 50 to 150 fept in lioJ^Uf . '-nariotte 
 
 Carthago, within the city boun* of Roeh- „, ,L " I f 
 
 ::: rrjr r "-' "^"--^ -'« ' - °"-" 
 
 .t he cly. u extcndmg „„ both sid„ ,, the ..earn. The 
 «..r.f.wer here afforded is very great, N-in* „ .d to a great 
 Htcnt ,n propelling flour-miUs, saw-mills . . " ""' «'«" 
 
 me. m Po ter Co., Pa., on the great table-land of Wester,^ 
 
 P™ Jlvan,a, inlerloeWng with some of the head sourcTrf 
 
 e Alleghany and west branch of the Susquehanna B^tr-U 
 
 en pursues a north course to the New York State line.IeLce 
 
 h«gh the nch and fertile valley of the Genesee, wliioh ef 
 
 »Is hrough Monroe County, where it falls into iroItarTo 
 
 .m. es belowthe city of Kochester. Itswhole cours t aS 
 
 Ho m, Ics. Near .ts mouth, within the present city limits of 
 
 Brt«eer are two or three i„,portant falls, known as the 
 
 W, ^h /, , within the distance of three utiles ttee belt 
 
 •'« .16 foet, at Carthage -,5, an intermediate one of 20, .and the 
 
 •mount of hydrauhc power, which is used to acreat e^itct 
 P.t.=u,arly at the Upper Falls, in Propelling^!" .f ' 
 .: l!*:?'..":,-^.;"' manufacturing establishments. Prom 
 
 .f R "i ~*7° "^ ^^^^^"fec, wnicii constitutes a part of the city 
 ^^^^ster, there is a steamboat navigation'to CharloUe^^ 
 
 m uuLT' ' r" '' '^"^ "^^"' "^''^ '^ ^ ^^^ harbor 
 ommunicatrng with L- ke Ontario. From the £ead of the 
 
 s m\ 
 
 Uki 
 
 
136 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND 0GDEK8BURGII. 
 
 rapids above Rochester it is navigable during high water for a 
 considerable distance, passing through a rich and interesting 
 region of country, celebrated for its fertility. This stream now 
 «iynsr2ET.tes the main feeder of the Genesee Valley Canal, which 
 runs parallel to it for the greater part of its length through 
 the State. There are also important falls on this river, both in 
 Allegany and Livingston counties, where are to be found some 
 of its most interesting features. In the town of Portage, Alle- 
 gany Co., " there are three distinct falls on the river, respcc- 
 tivcly GO, 90, and 110 feet, within the space of two miles, each 
 differing in character, and each having peculiar beauties. 
 Although the cascades are highly admirable, they are almost 
 disregarded in the wonder and fear caused by the stupondous, 
 perpendicular walls of the river, rising to 400 feet in height, 
 and extending along the stream for three miles, with almost as 
 much regularity as if constructed by nvt. To this groat depth 
 the river has worn its bed in the solid rock, in turns as eliort 
 and graceful as if v.inding through the softest meadow." 
 
 After leaving Charlotte for Oswego the steamer passes Pull- 
 neyviUe (occasionally stopping). Great Sodus Bay and Little 
 Sodus Bay, running within sight of the south shore; the lake 
 here presenting an irregular coast-line. 
 
 (jRKAT Sodus B\y is a fine sheet of water, affording a 
 secure harbor for lake craft, being from one to three miles 
 ■wide and five miles long. The fishing is liero good, as well as 
 in all the bays along the south shore of the lake. 
 
 Sonus Point, Wayne Co., N. Y., situated at the entrance of 
 Great Sodus Bay, is i port of entry, with a good liarbor, ami 
 contains a church, a public house, two stores, a steam saw-mill 
 and about 800 inhaoitaiitf*. 
 
 LiTii.E Sonus Bay, 14 miles cast of Great Sodus, is anothct 
 important body of water. •• At Little Sodus, in high winds, 
 TC55C can often come within the protection of Long Point on 
 one side, and the protecting shores west, between it r.nd Uig 
 8odi'" and ride out tlie storm in the indented shore of (he lake, 
 and can, when the improveraenta to Little Sodus harbor m 
 
LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDBNSBUROH. 137 
 
 completed, enter the bay with ease, and take refuge thera. 
 
 This fact gives great advantages to Little Sodua Bay, as il 
 
 Tiakes it accessible at all times." 
 
 The City of Oswego. 36 miles north of Syracuse by railroad, 
 is iv<lvantagoously situated on both sides of Oswego River, at its 
 eutrauce into Lake Ontario. It is a port of entry, was char- 
 tered in 1848, being divided into four wards. In 1855 it ccn- 
 tained 16,000 inhabitants, 1,500 dwelling-houses, two Presby- 
 terian, two Episcopal, two Baptist, two xMethodist, two Roman 
 Catholic, one Universalist, and one African church, besides a 
 Bethel congregation; a court-house and jail, a custom-house, 
 four banking houses, two savings' banks; a gas company, a 
 female seminary, and orphan asylum. TJicre are several well- 
 kept hotels; the Manger House and the Hamilton House on the 
 east side of the river, and the Niagara House on the west side, 
 ere tlie most frequented by pleasure travelers. The Pardee 
 Icuso is a new and commodious hotel which is nearly com- 
 pleted, sil.iatcd on the west side of the river, near the steamboat 
 landing. 
 
 The Oswego and Syracuse Railroad, 3G miles in length, con- 
 nccts this place with the Central Railroad of New York, while 
 anotlicr railroad is being constructed on the cast side of the 
 Oswego River, to run to Syracuse and connect with the Syra- 
 cuse and Binghamton Railroad, thus forming another direct 
 foute to the cities of N. .f York and Philadelphia, and the coal 
 jmx of Pennsylvania. The Ositwfro Canal a\m connects with 
 the Kric Canal at Syracuse, altogether affordiiig great facilitiea 
 for trade and commerce, in connection with tho lake naviga- 
 lion and water privilege. Hero are now in .poration 16 flour- 
 -ng-mills, with 84 run of st.nos. m;,king S.-lOO barrels of flour 
 iwday when in full operation; ten elevators capable of elova- 
 'ing 38,000 bushels of grain per hour.. wJUi Mtor->g« r."„-.tn for 
 -',WX),()00 bushels. These hugo edifices are so armngod ai J* 
 mload and load ves,<?ols with groat dispatch, 
 Tho Omuf^o Starch Factory, owned by an incorporated 
 body, was erected in 1848, since wliich large additions have l^ocn 
 
138 LKWI8T0N TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBl RGl». 
 
 made. The entire front of the building ia now 510 feet, five 
 stories high, extending back over the river 250 feet ; it is capa- 
 ble of manufacturing twelve millions pounds of corn starob per 
 year, consuming Bome 000,000 busliels of corn for the purpose, 
 and giving employment to 300 persons. In addition to the 
 above are two steam-engine and machine works, two iron ami 
 brass foundries, one cotton-mill, besides several other mills and 
 factories. 
 
 The quantity of water flowing in the Oswego River at ordin- 
 ary high water is 700,000 cubic feet per minute, at low water 
 200,000, Fall at the two lower dams in the city, 8G feet, 
 affording altogether an immense and reliable water-power. 
 
 The number o** vessels which arrive and depart annually 
 from this port m very largo; there being here owned eight 
 steamers and propellers and about 100 schooners, averaging 
 over 100 tons brvrden, besides a large number of canal boats. 
 The harbor is capacious and safe, being well protected by two 
 large stone piers, constructed by the United States government. 
 On the end of the west pier is situated a light-house ; about 
 half a mile above are two bridges extending across tlio river, 
 600 feet in length. An extensive forwarding business is done 
 at this place hy means of lake, river, and canal navigation; 
 goods passing through from New York to Oswego, and thence 
 over the Collingwood route, or througli the WcUaud Canal to 
 the Upper Lakes. 
 
 Oswego now ranks nr. one of the greatest grain markets in 
 the world, end will no doubt continue to increase with the 
 growth and production of the Western States and Canada 
 The lumbei rade ia also very groat, immense quantities being 
 ahipjwd from Cunado to this port, and re-sliipped to Eastern 
 markets. 
 
 The impulse iniparted to the commerce of Oswego by thu late 
 liociprovity Treaty, which weui iaio furco October. IBoi, li 
 very great, as will bo seen by the following returns uaah from 
 oSQcial figures i 
 
LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OODKN88UUGH. 139 
 
 raluo of Foreign Wts s2.Sl8 $6.1^*743 
 
 ^^^''^' __3^4,UJ8 5,870:920 
 
 I ro t wm be seen that the trade with Canada nearly 
 doubled in the first vear imrlPT. +i,„ .- „ nearly 
 
 * f rpT, I ^ "^*^^ *^® operation of the aUve 
 
 trea y. The domestic or coastwise trade is also constantly and 
 rapidly :ncreasing. ^ 
 
 one of the Steamers o^ the Ontario and St. Lawrence Steam- 
 ^t Company leaves Oswego daily for Sackef. Harbor. Kings- 
 ton C. ^ ., and Ogdensbur^h, connecting with steamers runniL 
 oMontreal,and Rouse's '>oint, via .he Northern Eailroad of 
 iNew \ ork. 
 
 A steamer also leaves O.wego daily, for Rochester. Niagara. 
 I C.W., and Lewiston, connecting with steamers for Toronto! etc. 
 
 ['"'niaoa'p?;?''^''"''^'' '^^^'^^ ^^^'^ SYRACUSE TO 
 i NIAGARA FALLS, via OSWEGO AND LEWISTON. 
 
 Tur.s route during the season cf navigation on Lake Ontario. 
 '»amo.tmtoresting lino of travel, oftWding the toanst a fine 
 h i-rtumty of viewing the scenery peculiar to Lake On'orio 
 I Jilt. Niagara River. 
 
 ^n^e a,u„,.„ an, S,,racu.e liailroad, 35 miles in length, run- 
 tn the west s.de of Onoudnga Lake to the Seneca River, which 
 t^\T ""-r""^""' '''' '"' Btopping-place after 
 
 f"'To^. 11 miles from the cifv of Ow».„_ «-—.._._ 
 j»-U"l.^ leave Syracuse and OBwego three tFrnes dai^"*" ''*'' 
 
 ktlTZ '^T""" ''""' ^''^^«" ^'"'^ ^"'- S'^^kefs Harbor 
 fc :; ^"'^' ^«'^-^-«'>. etc.. in the morning, on th. 
 f n^al of the oars from Syracuae; while in the afternoon a 
 
140 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUUGH. 
 
 LEWIS' 
 
 steamer leaves for Rochester, LcAviston, etc., running tip the 
 lake. Passengers passing through Oswego are aflForded a hasty 
 glance of the city, the harbor, and Fort Ontario, the latter 
 being located on the east shore of the river at its entrance into 
 Lake Ontario. 
 
 DISTANCES AND FARE BETWEEN SYRACUSE AND NIAG.VR.V 
 FALLS, ma OSWEGO AND LEWISTON. 
 
 Stopping Places. Miles. Faro. 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Oswego 35 $1 00 
 
 Pultneyvillo 76 — 
 
 Charlottr, or Port 
 
 . Genesee 100 — 
 
 N AOARA, C. W...174 — 
 
 Lewiston 182 — 
 
 Niagara Falls . . 188 4 00 
 
 Stopping Places. Milea. 
 Niagara Falls. . 
 
 Lewibton 6 
 
 Niagara, C.W.... 14 
 Charlotte, or Port 
 
 Genesee 88 
 
 Pultneyville 113 
 
 Oswego 153 
 
 Syracuse 188 
 
 Faro. 
 
 $0 50 
 
 On resuming the trip from Oswego to Sacket's Harbor, tlie 
 steamer runs in a northerly direction off Mexico Bay, being a 
 largo expanse of water at the east end of Lake Ontario, wliow 
 lies Port Ontario, at the mouth of Salmon River. On this 
 stream is situated one of the most romantic falls in the country, 
 
 Salmon River rises in Lewis Co.. and flows west through 
 Oswego Co. into Lake Ontario; discharging its waters into 
 Mexico Bay, at the village of Port Ontario. This is a fine iind 
 durable stream, having a tolerably good harbor at its mouth, 
 and is boatable during high water to the Falls in Orwell, a .!'s- 
 tanco of 14 miles. •' The Falls of Salmon River may be 
 classed among the principal natural curiosities of the country, 
 The current is gentle above for six or nion miles, then two 
 miles of rapids, and at the falls drops almost porpaniiicular 
 107 feet. At high water the sheet is 250 feet in width, but »t 
 low water it is narrowed down to about half that extent. Tiie 
 rooky strata seem to be composed of slate 8t/)no and granite, or 
 gncisB, and the height cf the banks immediately alx)vo tlio fall 
 is variously estimated at from 70 to 90 feet; below it is jaiJ 
 
LEWSTOK ,0 OSWEGO ..r, OGBBNSB„R«„. ,^1 
 
 Itaifte walls, perpendicular rook, are about 200 feet A, ,, 
 
 »rd, iuterlockinrin' """f "■"=' """'J' ■»»== to the east- 
 
 I - «ure Harbortl UkeO ir?" "° "' "" **" -" 
 
 ; «- /'.V, tea „ile. Mow v°a: :;'^Xr:' T """' 
 
 •m to be eounected bv a railroaf r7' ''''"° " '' 
 
 U ...nitar, .atiou?u:;:r;:- Jr rfTsT't'n""™' 
 
 Waini itbelugthorcaaeEvouaof ,T! / ' "'"" "'■'"" 
 
 «»io. Hera now lie, a ^war eltr^r '"' °° '"'' 
 
 »«,™„neneed at the above per," T, „' "'^'"- "''^^ 
 
 ."■mill,, two f„r„aces alTl! "^T ""'' ''"'"'■'•""'• ""^ 
 
 klb,..„nect»wilhTb. Vattro "* . ''■'™''' "^ -"''«' » 
 I B, »r. I, Watertown ami Homo Railroad 
 
 h vvk. %t. wbil:':-!:':';::"?; '""■■"""'-' 
 
 Wblo from the High Fall, i„ Ud , '■ ""'' '" 
 
 h »r Uk 0™ * ™''' ■"' '"'" "'-'^ "•'■r Ba,. near U„ 
 
 »^p.:on 1. u..:ri,,r 1 ;,;':;■ ";/'j. "7- -•■' "<« 
 
 ""-ou uy laiia , affurding, howorer, fine 
 
 "I 
 
142 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUUOH. 
 
 water-power. Tic land on the borders of the 1 mor pyrt of t\fi 
 river ia very fertile and thickly settled; Jefferson Co'tiity— aud 
 the vicinitv of WatQrtown in particular, 'ivhere is a goo? valor 
 power— is justly cel(?brated for its agricultural products. 
 
 Chaumont B'vy, situated north of Sackot'a Har'jor at Black 
 River Bay, is a large bosly of watc;' abounding in fish of sevcval 
 kinds and fine flavor ; here being extensive fisheries, 'vhere are 
 annually taken large quantities of fish. 
 
 The trip a :;rosa the foot of Lake Ontario frorn Sackof s Ila'hoj 
 to Kingston, Can. , 38 miles, is a very interc sting excui r.'on duiing 
 pls'iKant woathejr. Hero may be seen beautiful headlands and 
 aevoral pi> 'jiresque ;sland3; the Fox and Grenadier islands 
 are p?,-' '^i hefove reaching Grand or F'Td'/e Js/nnrf, attadied 
 to Carxulu. This latter island, situated in the St. Lawrence 
 Rivev, *it the foot of Lake Ontario, is a larg*^ and fertile boiij 
 of land, being settled by Canadians. 
 
 Cape Vincent, Jefferson Co., N. Y., is situated at theheai 
 of the St. Lawrence River, where terminates the JVatcrtnin 
 and Rome Railroad, and is a port of entry. It (iontains about I 
 1,100 inhabitants, four churches, five hotels and taverns, ten j 
 stores, and an extensive storehouse connected with the railroaJ; 
 one steam grist-mill, one foundry and machine-shop, one stoain 
 planing-mill, and a ship-yard. Steamers arrive and depart 
 daily for different ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence 
 River. A steamer also leaves Cape Vincent twice daily for! 
 Kingston, Canada, during navigation ; while in winter, stags 
 run across the ice to Grand or Wolfe Island, and thence t«J 
 Kingston, distant 12 miles by direct route. Capo Vincent h\ 
 a healthy and pleasant location, being much resorted to inl 
 warm weather by fis]\ing and ploa.'^ure parties, being contigu-| 
 ous to the •' Thousand Islands." 
 
 Clayton, or Fuenoh Crkeic, 18 miles beloif Capo Vincon'J 
 
 »J-_ U«n.:^.l„«/x>.» Tolan.l o + fnnlin/J fntl'"'^ fif' Ni'W York.JL.„ ^ """""8,11 
 
 The village contains three churches, two publi . ». "s.ten store?™ 
 and a four and machine-shop. Ik ,■ extensive shipf 
 yard for *.L nstruotion of steamers av' r- ..; • lake craft. 
 
exi^i: 
 
 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND O ,DKNSBI:rg„. 
 
 UBlac^ mer and UHca Railroad, when completed 
 -J to Clayton, a distance of 109 miles from Utica 
 
 U3 
 
 will 
 
 „ „^ ju^ aiiiea irom Utica 
 LI . '? ^' «'*'''"^'*^ «^^^^t«^ of the Thousand Islands 
 
 .host every section of the counfj. for health andtt, ?u 
 ptoure of fishing „„,! h„„ti„g. ■■ ""'"'l'. Md to enjoy th. 
 
 Wkll's Island ia settled by somp ''O n« qh ^ •,. 
 ..«t, destined to beeo»e aT,: t^ rlf a^t:'."' "' 
 
 T' '" '» '-»'«' "- ".e root of thiX ;; rr -^ '™- 
 
 ^^. j->. X., II miles above Oedensbumli v^ 
 nearly oppos te BrockvillP r w vi , • ,««en30urgh, hes 
 
 ^y a ferry This is all , '7 ^^''^ '^ '' ^^"»««t«d 
 
 \LJ tIo vin; I^r- f "'"^'"^ '^^ the American 
 AXiL vuiage coutams two churp]ifl<» f«r« *„ 
 
 1'ree stores, and about 3o0 inhabitants " *''"^' 
 
 OuoKxsBURGH, St. Lawrence Co IV v • j 
 hit.mtodatthemouthofH,«n i', ' '' '^^^'^«^'^g«o"slj 
 
 -0 the St. iZn It lasT^ " '"" "'"^ '' '"'^''^ 
 
 houses- one m.. r , '""''"^'^^"^^'I'^^OOdwelUng. 
 
 ..».rcarnfr„ri:::?r""' r "• *'°'"°'''''- 
 
 - incorporated aeadej; hrr'L't, tT"'''' ""*"*"*■' ' 
 Ifiistom-housp «;v 1 1- t ' ^** Insurance otSoos, a 
 
 '"•I, 1-. mile., asoe^d^ng threugh the St. Lawrence L.lT 
 
 il".^ 
 
144 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBURGH. 
 
 Two daily lines of steamers leave Ogdensburgli for Cape Vincent, 
 Kingston, Oswego Toronto, Lewiston, etc., -while two daily lines 
 leave Ogdensburgh or Prescott for Montreal, etc. Two steam 
 ferry-boats run across the St. Lawrence, here one mile and a 
 half wide, to Prescott, forming a close connection between tlio 
 two shores. The JVorthern Railroad extends from Ogdenslurgli 
 easterly to Rouse's Point, N. Y., 118 miles, connecting Avitli 
 steamers and railroads extending to Boston and New York. A 
 railroad is also projected to extend from Ogdensburgh anj 
 form a junction -s^ith the Potsdam and Watertown Railronl 
 Propellers and lake craft annually deposit an immense amount 
 of Western produce, to be carried forward by railroads to East- 
 ern markets. As a stopping-place for pleasure travelers, Og- 
 densburgh stands unrivaled, having the Thousand Islands above 
 and the magnificent Piapids of the St. Lawrence below. Passen- 
 gers are here usually transferred from the floating palaces of 
 Lake Ontario to the equally safe but smaller steamers which rua 
 the Rapids to Montreal. 
 
 The JVorthern Transportation Com. has here its principal 
 office for the trans-shipment of produce and merchandise going 
 East and West. This company owns 15 propellers, of about CJO 
 tons burden, running from Ogdensburgh and Oswego to Cleveland, 
 Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago, etc. This line affords a 
 cheap and speedy route of travel for travelers and emigrants. 
 
 The Oswegatchie River, which empties into the St. Lawrence 
 at Ogdensburgh, is the outlet of Black Lake, lying in the county 
 of St. Lawrence. The lake and river are navigable for about 
 25 miles, to within four miles of Ogdensburgh. At the mouth 
 of this river, now a part of the village of Ogdensburgh, nn early 
 settlement was made by the French, and fortifications erected, 
 all of which have gone to decay. 
 
 The Trip from Kingston to Ogdensburgh and Montreal is dc- 
 scribed in another part of this work, following tiic Canauiss 
 route from Hamilton and Toronto to Kingston, P^rescott, and 
 Montreal. For further information, see advertiaoments of Lab 
 Ontario and River St. Lawrence Steamers. 
 
summer and winter to resort to th. -57 ! *^^'^'*'^« ^'^^^ 1° 
 I 0. .oa.-ns the mo„t„ NI 1 ^ f ^7'" 
 . W. course direct for Tcronlo ^ '^™'"' P"^-"" 
 
 -*ntl, in sight fror.,l™'o ':,:?/ ™ " *" '"^' ''"' 
 '»«i the pleasure of this t if "T "ofliing cau 
 
 '«lly»aybeseenpr.poU ..Ms n™°" T"" ™"'^'- 
 Lor from Port Dalhousfe 7 . ° ™''"''"'' *''™ W 
 
 PoKr Da.„ou;„,,2,uI Iwr rtT""^'"'""™"- 
 fcr, aud distant 38 n> te Z t "I" "'"""" "' Niagara 
 
 '5«od at "-.erminusofe ;:,.;: Canai'V' "'!' '"'"«' 
 |S.C,il,e,.ineX-»i;hwliic), ,>1 . '^"'"''' f""" mite below 
 
 <• -i". t..e CreaHwrnlv , " """=' » '»^«" -»«'- ' 
 
 |«"iM, Lake Ontario 1;""'° ■''"Stl., connecting Lake ■ 
 (;• «* alike ben ;:. t7eT„Z'''° ^^""' «'»Sar.. 
 I "W States and Canada Z f "™"'™"' ">'«>-«'s of the 
 
 -b-a aua 2G^ ibet wide v , ,„rr. ''. ^^'"'^ ^^^" ^'""J- in 
 '^P'h of water i3 8,^ foet l IT "'"" '' ^^^ ^'''- ^he 
 
 '»»nd 81 foot at ^.s^:^^ ^'^"^ '^'^ ^«^'* ^^^e at bot- 
 
 «--nie,..rct"Br;;;rbr^i: 
 
 S^'ii^tl- 
 
146 NIAG 
 
 \M1LT0N TO KINGSTON, ETC. 
 
 from fo •dv'- lv> Tort Maitland, the terminus on Lake Erie, is ]| 
 miles in length, with one lock each. The entire cost of the 
 'enlarged canal "was about £1,000,000 Canadian currency, or 
 14,000,000. 
 
 St. Catherine's, 38 ^^ "'c.s s.. _ of Toronto by water, 11 
 miles from Suspension Bridge, and 32 miles from Hamilton by 
 railroad route, is advantageously situated on the line of the 
 Welland Canal, here affording a large amount of water -power. 
 TJiis town is a place of great attraction and growing importance, 
 being surrounded by a healthy and rich section of country. 
 Here is a mineral fountain called the " Artesian Well" also 
 seyeral large and well-kept hotels, for the accommodation of 
 invalids and seekers of pleasure. The Stevenson House, neer \ 
 the Spring, and the Welland Hotel, are the most frequented by | 
 pleasure travelers. 
 
 The village contains about 6,000 inhabitants, sc* ral fine] 
 churches and private edifices, here being exhibited a degree of j 
 taste and activity equal U:) any other town of its size in Cmia'! 
 or the United States If the mineral waters prove as beneficial I 
 to invalids as is represented by many who have experieno^'d tlieii 
 beneficial effects, it is isO doubt destined to become a popular! 
 watering-place during the summer months. The " AVeH'iaj 
 situated ; ar the lank of se canal, und is 550 feet in depth;! 
 the water rjoing raised by a steam pump to the batli -house,] 
 situated en the bank above. 
 
 The City : .' i amilton, frr^m its geoj. aphical position, 
 its peculiar naiural and artificial advantages, lyinii; on Purlin,'! 
 ton Bay, at the extreme west en'^ f Lake Ontario, has tv ^thin tii! 
 last five or six years raj, idly lucreased in wealth and number 
 But a few short yea av^^ passed away since the site oij 
 which now stands the >wd« city, with its; stately edifice.^ m 
 its elegant residences, its thronged streets, a/s i its marts anij 
 factories teeming with life and business activity, was a den 
 for jst, the residence and hunting-ground of the Indian. It wal 
 not many years ago that the waters of its beautiful bay, whid 
 now bear upon their bosom magnificent steamers and vessels ( 
 
NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 147 
 
 erery grade, bringing to our port the treasures of other lands, 
 aui conveying to Eastern markets the products of the West,' 
 were calm and unruffled, save when the red man launched his 
 barque upon the blue expanse, or when lashed into fury by the 
 angry tempest. 
 
 Hamilton was first laid out in the year 1813, during the war 
 with the United States, but for many years it progressed but 
 8lowiy m population and importance. By the census of 1841 
 it numKred 3,446 inhabitants. During the succeeding four 
 years the population nearly doubled, and b ],e census of 1851 
 tk numbers had increased to 10,248. From that period to the 
 present the city has progressod with almost unexampled rapid- 
 ityfor Canada. The commencement and completion of the 
 Great Western Railway gave an impetus to all kinds of busi- 
 nes9. New reets an le opened, and handsome edifices sprung 
 up as If 7 magic in all parts of the city, as well as the more 
 humble e<' '^es. The population is now (1856) estimated at 
 1 25,000, the .. cilth having increased in greater proportion. 
 
 By the foUov - amounts of assessment of real and personal 
 property dur; g ue past six years, it will be seen the value 
 has more than trebl and since 1852-three years-nearly 
 doubled : 
 
 I Valuation in 1850 £61 574 
 
 1851.... 9-1,259 
 1852.... 105,349 
 
 Valuation in 1853. . .£134,353 
 1854... 156,926 
 1855... 190,479 
 
 The city is governed by a mayor and board of aldermen and 
 councilors, together with a police department. The public 
 buUdinjrs are a city hall, city hospital, post-office building, 
 twenty churches of ditiorent denominations, five banks, and a 
 ineohanics' institute. A new custom-house and market build- 
 ing are about being erected, both on a large scale and In a 
 
 I durable style of architecture. 
 Tiie puncipal hotels are Hie Anglo-American, King Street, 
 
 [and City Hotel, James Street. 
 Steanu of a, large class run from Hamilton to Toronto, 
 
 I Kingston, ,.,>. other ports on both sides of Lake Ontario, afford. 
 
 i 
 
"148 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 
 
 ing a speedy and delightful mode of convoyanoe, not only 
 through tho \ikes, hut down the St. Lawrence River to Prescott, 
 Ogdensburgb, and Montreal. For description of railroad route 
 to Detroit, see page 150. 
 
 Wellington Square, seven miles below Hamilton, is a 
 place of some importance, it being the outport for Hamilton 
 during the winter months, when the lake is obstructed by ice. 
 
 Bronte, 13 miles below Hamilton, is a small village con- 
 taining about 400 inhabitants. Here are two public houses, two 
 churches, a gri^-mill, a cloth factory, and several lumber 
 yards. 
 
 Oakville, 19 miles from Hamilton, and about the same dis- 
 tance from Toronto, is a place of considerable business, having a 
 good harbor. It contains about 1 ,000 inhabitants ; four churches, 
 several public houses and stores ; a foundry, and other manu- 
 facturing establishments. The country in the rear is healthy 
 and productive, being drained by several fine streams. 
 
 Port Credit, 12 miles from Toronto, is a large shipping 
 port for produce of diiFerent kinds. It is situated at the moiit!i 
 of River Credit, here flowing into Lake Ontario. It was once a 
 favorite resort of the Indians, receiving its name, in early 
 times, from the circumstance of the fur traders here meeting 
 the Indians, aiid delivering to them on credit their goods, for ; 
 which the following year they received their value in furs. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 TiiE City of Toronto, and capital of Canada, is favorably I 
 situated on Toronto Bay, in 43° 32' N. lat., and 79° 20' W. 
 long, from Greenwich. It is 40 miles N.E. Hamilton, IGOW, i 
 from Kingstou, 333 from Montreal, and 413 from Quebec ty 
 railroad route. The bay is a beautiful sheet of water, about 1 1 
 milea long aud 2 miles wide, separated from the main body of Luke- j 
 Ontario, except at its entrance, by a long, narrow strip of son 
 beach, the southwest termination of which is known as Gibral-j 
 tar Point, on which is located a ligl house. 
 
NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 149 
 
 " ^J^7J^ /gnifies, in the Indian lang^zage, a place ofn eeU 
 ing. In 1 / 93. when surveyed by the eMcr Bouchette. under the 
 orders of Gov. Suncoe, two Massasauga families were the only 
 inhabitants it contained, and the harbor was a resort for numer- 
 0U3 Tvild fowl, while its waters produced an abundance of fish " 
 It was incorporated as a city in 1834, when it contained 9 254 
 inhabitants. In 1842 it had increased to 15,436; in 1852 to 
 30;G3 ; and in 1856, to over 60,000. It is laid out with wide 
 streets, crossing each other at right angles. The esplanade 
 fronting the bay extends for a distance of two miles. The city 
 hs lighted with gas, and is well suppHed with pure water by 
 companies incorporated for those purposes. 
 The principal public buildings are the Parliament House, the 
 rmyersity of Toronto, Trinity College. Upper Canada College. 
 the Lunatic Asylum, the Custom House, the Post Oifice, St 
 mes Church (the English cathedral), and the Roman Cath " 
 oc Cathedral; besides which there are a great number of 
 |churches of difiFerent denominations. The Bank of Upper Canada 
 uts head office here, and there are other banks and agencies : 
 lab several Fire and Marine Insurance Companies. This is the 
 jracipal office of the Canada Land Company, which has nearly 
 two mimons of acres of land for sale, situated in various parts 
 of the Province. The hotels and public houses are numerous 
 anJivell kept, making this city a desirable sojourn. Russell's 
 I otel. the Clarendon, the American, Sword's Hotel, and Rossin. 
 lil^mseonKmg Street, are the principal public houses. 
 I Toronto has become a great thoroughfare by means of steam- . 
 ers and railroads. A constant intercourse' is thus kept up with, f 
 .e different ports on Lake Ontario, the Upper Lakes, and the, 1 
 
 I lZ'''^'\^Z''- ^''^^^'^ ^"^ frora Toronto to Hamilton, ' 
 It. Catherine's, Niagara, and Lewiston on the west and south ; I 
 |to Rochester and Oswego on the east: and to r.nr.. v:„«,.; ' 
 -"gston, Prescott. Montreal, etc., on the northeast"! ^'^ '"' ' 
 
 trr . ^^"^"«"-^' - ««-g-n Bay, connecting U 
 tie waters of Lake Huron. The GranU Trunk Railly ex.. 
 
150 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 
 
 tends northeast to Montreal ard Quebec, wliile its western ter 
 mination will be at Port Sarnia, lying at the foot of Lake Hu- 
 ron. The Toronto ami Hamilton Railroad, a branch of the 
 Great Western Railway of Canada, also terminates here, 
 affording altogether facilities of great benefit to Toronto and 
 the whole of Canada. 
 
 The markets of Toronto are abundantly supplied with every 
 description of provisions of the best quality, and at moJm-ate 
 prices. The climate is healthy and delightful during the sum- 
 mer and fall months, being modified by lake breezes. 
 
 " Traue of Toronto. — The value of imports into Toronto 
 last year (18")G) amounted to £1,738,057, showing an increase 
 on those of 1855 of £338,247. £822,335 were from Great Brit- 
 ain, £14,797 from B. A. Colonies, £305,404 from tlie United 
 States, and from other foreign countries £36,119. Tlie duties 
 collected on tliese imports were £195,159, showing an increase 
 of £42 584. The exports during 1850 were £551,333 (of wliich 
 £176,703 was of flour, and £202,792 of wheat), showii^g an in- 
 crease of £147,258 
 
 " There wore shipped during the year 1855 to American iiorts 
 601,524 bushels of wheat, and 118,807 barrels of flour; during 
 1856, 1,132,781 bushels wheat, and 97,935 barrels flour. To 
 Canada ports 27,230 bushels wheat, and 82,370 barrels flour, 
 in 1856 ; and 92,501 bushels wlieat, and 73,824 barrels flour, 
 in 1850. 
 
 " The increase in the Hl)ipments of wheat, it will be seen, are 
 equal to 100 per cent, over those of la?t year, while the increase 
 in flour, although not large, is respectable. Reducing the flour 
 into wheat, at the rate of five bushels per barrel, we havo tk 
 f jllowiag for the two seasons : 
 
 BnshelR. Value. 
 
 1856 2,084,007 at 7s. £72!t,40j 
 
 1855 1 ,384,039 at lOa. 092 :51li 
 
 Increase 099,308 £37,083 
 
 "The increase in value is not so groat as the inoreiis^ in| 
 
 quantity, owing to th<? fact thiit grain has Hold at 25 per cent. 
 
 , lower^in 1860 than it did in 1856. ^ ^ , h 
 
 " ThH ruturua of the Custom House set down the vjiltie : 
 
 agricultural produce sent to thw United States at £521,-114 
 
 which is wry correct; add, however, that sent to Cana'ijj 
 
 - ports— say £230,000— making the total exports upwiinl of 
 
 ■,£760,000." 
 
NIAGARA AND HAMILTON .0 KINGSTON, ETC. 151 
 
 PoHT Whxtbv 29 miles below Toronto, lies on the line of the 
 Grand Trunk Railway, where is a steamboat landing, at which 
 steamers land on their route from Toronto to Rochester etc 
 
 OsHAWA, 33 miles below Toronto by railroad route, is hand- 
 somely situated a sliort distance from the lake shore and has a 
 good harbor. It contains five churches, two hoteb, 15 stores 
 two woolen factories, two tanneries and a brewery, besides other* 
 manufacturing establishments. Population, 2 500 
 
 BowMANvix.1.., 43 miles from Toronto, lying a short distance 
 from the lake, is connected with JJarlinglon Harbor, where i.s a 
 I steamboat lanuing. 
 
 Port Hopk is a port of entry situated ou the north shore of 
 Lake (3ntano. 02 miles f,-om Toronto and 98 miles from Kiuir. 
 ston y railroad route. This is a safe harbor, where steamers 
 ia.l daily from different ports on the lake, which together with 
 .^m vessels export large quantities of produce. The village con- 
 tains a court-house, six churches, four hotels. 40 stores; two 
 ounug-mills, a woolen factory, two iron foundries, a machine- 
 %two t.uincricH, two breweries, and six distilleries. The 
 u,n er traao carried on at this port ^. very extensive and 
 .0 ta.l.. Population. 3,500. In addition to the drund Trunk 
 \lmlwa,. waiob runs through the town, a railroad runs from 
 ort Hope to Boarerton. situated on Lake Simcoe. a distance of 
 
 I'^rado ""^'"'"^ " ^''" '""""'' °^ ^^"'"''^* ^' emigration 
 From Port Hope, or Cobourg, going toward Kingston by rail- 
 
 tlrlT''' '^Ta' '" ''' '""" " ^"" '''''''' '' ^''^"'^''•■^' P-^^'-^ing 
 th ough several flourishing towns, and near the Bay of Q«i„to 
 
 I oBouRo, handsomely situated on the north ..horo of Lake 
 
 r t«r,o. nearly opposite the mouth of Ocnosoo River, where the 
 
 1^0 attains its greatest width, is 70 miles from Toronto, 90 
 
 fl«8from King,sl.,n, nnd 203 nmos from Montreal In- raii.^^,! 
 
 p"l«. It, poHsossos a g,)od h.rbor and is much frequ..,ted by 
 
 i^*mc,-8 and sailir.g vessels, it being one of the regular lauding. 
 
 ^^ .0 lioyal RIail Steamers, which pass and repass, daily, on 
 
 '"■way up ai.d down the laky. *^ ' ^' ' 
 
 
152 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 
 
 The principal puWic buildings in Cobourg arc the court-house 
 and jail, and the Victoria College, ^hich was estaUished in 
 1840 by Act of the Provincial Legislature, with power to grant 
 degrees in the arts and sciences; there are also a number of 
 fine church edifices. Here are the r.ost extensive cloth manufac- 
 torics in the Province ; there are also iron, marble, and leather 
 manufactories, with breweries and distilleries, six hotels an 
 taverns, 40 or 50 stores of different kinds, and a number of 
 mechanic shops. ^Population, 0,000. Few places in Canada 
 present a more beautiful appearance from the water than 
 Cobourg-the landscape being extensive and varied by a most 
 
 delightful background. „„ ., • i »u 
 
 The Cobounr and Pelerboro' Ilailroad, 28 miles in length, 
 commences at this place, which, together with the Grand Trunk 
 Railway, tends greatly to benefit Cobourg and the towns lying 
 on the rear, in the vicinity of like Lake. 
 
 Cot^BonNK, 14 miles below Cobourg, is situated on the lino o 
 the Grand Trunk Railway. Hero is a good landing for vesstls 
 and a flourishing settlement. 
 
 On leaving Cobourg for Kingston on the downward trip, tbc 
 steamer usually runs out into the broad waters of Lake Ont^.r>«, 
 Boon attaining tlieir greatest width. Often during the prevalence 
 of storms or high winds, the unacclimatcd voyager oxpcncncos 
 sensations any thing but agreeable ; sea-sickness often Prctra- 
 ting alike tlie athletic male and the delicate female. Tins 
 however, on board the larger class steamers is no serious obj(.- 
 tion to journeying across Lake Ontario, it being considered the 
 most safe navigation of any of the groat lakes. 
 
 Xichola'^ Point and Island are passed about 40 miles Inm 
 Cobourg. Next comes Wicird Point, and soon heaves in ^ 
 Point Petn and WU. This light is a consp.cvvous obj^ 
 for the mariner, who often, when off Prmoo l.hvard. thj 
 mainland, experiences tho full force of easrenj nnu . 
 
 ""^DucK iHtANP, attached to Canada is another note,! o^ 
 for the mariner, cither descending or ascouding Lake um^ 
 
 NIAGARA . 
 
NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 153 
 
 as this is the first important island to be met on descending from 
 the head of the lake on the Canada side. 
 
 Outer Drake and Innrr Drake are two small islands situated 
 inland toward Prince Edward's Bay. 
 
 Asihi:rst Island, a largo and fertile body of land, is nsxt 
 passed on the left, while Uage Island and aran,l or Wo're 
 hkiul may be seen on the right ; these latter i.-lands being 
 situated at the foot of Lake Ontario, or mouth of the St. Law- 
 rence Kiver, where commences the celebrated '« TJiomand 
 1 hlamh." 
 
 Tlie City of KmcsTov, capital of Frontenac Co., Canada. 100 
 I miles from Toronto, and 173 miles from Montreal by railroad 
 
 rcute, is very advantageously situated on a beautiful harbor at 
 
 the northeast extremity of Lake Ontario, and immediately above 
 |it3 outlet, "Cataraqui," or St. Lawrence Kiver, in N. lat. 41° 
 
 6, W. long. 7G° 40' from Greenwich. " The view of the city 
 I an! surrounding scen.ry is not surpassed by the approaches to 
 iMiy other city in America. A few miles above Kingston the 
 Inters of Lake Ontario are divided by the first of °tho long 
 JMries of islands so well known to Tourists as the " Thousand 
 Ulands," of which Simcoe and Grand or Wolfe Islands, opposite 
 jtliecity, may bo locked upon ns strongholds, designed by nature 
 jto withstand the encroaches of the waves of Ontario. On ap- 
 Iproaching from the west, by water, the first object that attracts 
 jthe traveler's attention is Fort Hmry, with the naval station 
 joi Fort Frederick at ita base, and its attendant battlements. 
 f rtification?. towers, and redoubts. Fort Iicnry is a favorite 
 |.'^rt for visitors, and its elevated position affords the best view 
 lilt can be had of the city, lake, and surrounding country " 
 ^ The principal public buihb-ng.s are the City Hall, cno of the 
 n^t and most substantial edifices in Canada, and buat of cut 
 k!.^?..''' * ""*!' f $02,000. It contains oil tho public 
 
 '""-Trf tho City, including a spacious hail, capable of seating 
 ^er 1.000 pei-soas; tho court-houso is a largo stono building. 
 fliieh is nlx)ut being removed, and another, raoro In accordance 
 n the Hrants of tho citizens, is to be orootcd on a ground more 
 
 ^£^ 
 
154 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 
 
 central, and its present site occupied by a custom-house and 
 post-offico. Here is a Roman Catholic cathedral and several 
 fine church edifices, in all numbering sixteen. Queen's College, 
 under the direction of the Presbyterians, has a president nml 
 four professors; the College of Regiopolis (Roman Catholic) has 
 also a president and four professors; the General Hospital, 
 Hotel Dieu, and a nunnery are also in the city, while two miles 
 west is situated the Trovincial renitentiary. It has four bank- 
 ing-houses and several insurance offices; three well-kept hotels, 
 an°d about 100 stores of dififeront kinds ; besides several breweries, 
 distilleries, tanneries, foundries, machine-shops, and a marine 
 railway and ship-yard for the building of lake craft; on JVaP.y 
 Bay, which lies between Point Frederick and Point Henry ij 
 the naval dock-yard used for government purposes. Near the 
 Penitentiary is a mineral spring of some celebrity, resi'mbling 
 in its component parts the Cheltenham spring of England; (m- 
 other spring exists which is unusually strong, resembling in 
 Bomo respects the - Artesian Well" of St. Catherine's. It has 
 been analyzed by Prof. Williamson, and found to contain vnlu 
 able medical properties.— Population, 12,000. 
 
 Kingston occupies the site of Fort Fmntcnac, an oil Frencli 
 post, thi.=» being one of a chain of posts extending from Quebec 
 to Mackinac. Here are owned 20 steamers and about 40 
 8ch(K,ners, sailing to and from the port, besides numerous other 
 Canfttlian and American steamers and sailing vessels. It being 
 the outlet for the productions of tJio fertile Bay of Quinte, anl 
 th« Kuiean Canal, terminating at Kingston, makes it an iffi' 
 portant and active mart of cnnmerco. 
 
STEAMBOAT ROUTE 
 
 FEOSf KINGSTON TO BELLEVILLE AND PORT TKENTON 
 PASSING THROUGH THE BAY OF QUINIE. 
 
 Landings. 
 KiNGSTOJV 
 
 Amherst Island. 
 Bath 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 ... 5-18 
 
 Fredericksburg 10-28 
 
 Adolphustown 4-32 
 
 Stone Mills 3-35 
 
 PiCTox 5_40 
 
 Indian Woods 15-55 
 
 .North Port 8-G3 
 
 Bellevili.e 12-75 
 
 Port Trentox 12-87 
 
 Landings. MHys. 
 
 Port Trkni ox 
 
 Be:llkvii.lk 12 
 
 North Port 12-24 
 
 Indian Woods 8-^32 
 
 PiCTox 15-47 
 
 Stone Mills 6-52 
 
 Adolphustown 8-55 
 
 Fredericksburg 4. -jg 
 
 Bath 10-(50 
 
 Amherst Island 6-74 
 
 K1NG8TOX 13-87 
 
 Fauk from Kingston to Picton $1 OO 
 
 Belleville l 60 
 
 ^ Several steamers leave Kingston darily for Picton, Belleville, 
 Port Trenton, and intermediate ports, during the season of 
 navigation, connecting at Belleville and Port Trenton with the 
 (Jrftad 'JVunk Railway, and line of stages running to llicc Lake, 
 Peterlwro', etc. 
 
 On leaving the wharf at Kingston the steamers run in « 
 westerly direction, passing the Brothers, to Amhkrst Island, 
 13milo8. This ifi a largo anu fertile island, inhabited by an 
 intelligent and prosperous class of citizens. Hero coramonves 
 'iie Bay ok Quixte, a long, crooked, and picturesque body of 
 ^mr, into which emptica tho Nabanee. Moira. and TrAnt 
 fivors. 
 
 U/iTH, 18 miles from Kinpton, is .situated on tho main shore, 
 |»W^Jto Amiicrst Island. It wmtaina about GOO inliabitanta, 
 I *'U> a fine back country. 
 
156 
 
 KINGSTON TO BELLEVILLE, ETC. 
 
 Frei^ehicksburg, 28 miles from Kingston, is a settlement 
 
 on the mainland. 
 
 Ai'OLPH UPTOWN, 32 miles from Kingston, is situated on the 
 mainland, opposite Mauyshurg, located on Prince Kdwara's 
 
 Island. 
 
 Stone J^Iills, 35 miles from Kingston, is situated on Prinoa 
 Edward's Island, near a most remarkable hike, elevated some 
 300 feet above the Bay of Quiute. It is called the La'ic of the 
 Mountain, being lialf a mile in length, and nearly ns wde. It 
 has no perceptible inlet, but discharges a large volume of water, 
 which is used in propelling several mills of ditferent kinds. 
 
 PiCTON, 40 miles from Kingston, and 35 miles from Belle- 
 ville by water, is the capital of Prince Edward Co., C. W., being 
 handsomely situated. The Bay of Quinte, which here expamU 
 to a considerable width, is called Hallowcll Bay. The village 
 contains about 2,000 inhabitants; a court-house and jail, one 
 Episcopal, one Presbyterian, ono Methodist, and one Roman 
 Catholic church, two hotels, and several taverns, twelve store?, 
 one steam flouring-mill, one large tannery, and an extensive 
 carriage manufactory. 
 
 On leaving Picton, tho steamer runs north to the landing 
 called l7nUan\Voods, when a westerly course is again pursncJ 
 to the head of the bay, passing Morri.% or Hidl\i Maml, anl 
 several beautiful headlands. Hero is another expam^on of 
 water called IlalFs 5ai/,onCapt. Owen's (n. n.) Chart of Lake | 
 
 Ontario. , 
 
 BICI.I.KVILI.K, Hastings Co., C W.. is advantageously sUuateJ ] 
 at the mouth of the river Moira, 75 miles by steamboat route, 
 and only 47 miles by railroad from Kingston. This h ft v,vy 
 thriving town, now containing about 8.000 inhabitants; th^ 
 county building?, a town hall and market building; a Metl-ni- 
 iat, a.«nii!iarv-. orcjcted in 1855: ono Episcopal, two Presbyten.ui 
 two Methodist, and one Boman Catholic church ; four hotof, ml 
 a number of taverns; 50 etores of different kmds. Md nm^f 
 kindM c.f mechanic work«hup8. Tho Moira River afford, a ^r^ 
 watcr-powev, here being situated ono Woolen factory, tir 
 
K1N(3ST0N TO BELLEVILLE, ETC. 
 
 157 
 
 flouring-mills, four saw-mills, one paper-mill, one axe factory, 
 one extensive distillery, tliree foundries and machine-shops, and 
 asbip.yard. This is a great market for lumber, grain, and 
 other kinds of produce. It is proposed to extend a railroad from 
 Belleville to Lake Simcoe, and thence to the Georgian Bay of 
 Lake Huron. 
 
 Port Trenton, 87 miles from Kingston by steamboat route, 
 and 59 miles by railroad, is another growing place and port of 
 entry, situated near the head of the Bay of Quinte. at the mouth 
 
 I of Trent River. It contain? about 1 ,200 inhabitants ; one Epis- 
 copal and one Methodist church ; three hotels, ten stores, one 
 grist-miU, one extensive steam saw-mill, one large tannery, two 
 distilleries, a foundry, machine-shop, and ship-yards. Steamers 
 run from Port Trenton to Kingston, Prcscott, Montreal, etc., 
 
 I trans-shipping a large amount of lumber and country produce. 
 The River Trent, which is the outlet of Pemedashcoutayong, 
 
 I or Rice Lake, is a fine stream of water, and is in part navi- 
 "He for steamers running into the lake. Iramonso quantities 
 of wild rice are found in the low waters of this lake and its vi- 
 cinity, which abound in game of different kinds, affording 
 
 I ample sport and profit to the huntsman. 
 The principal inlet of Rice Lake is called OtoniOee River, 
 
 ping the outlet of a succession of lakes, the most celebrated of 
 
 hiiich lies 823 foot above the ocean, and is called Bu/sam Lake ; 
 
 jtlie other bodies of water are called Sturgeon Lake, West Lake', 
 
 m East Lake. From Balsam Lake to the Bay of Quinto 
 liere is a succession of falls of 588 feet descent. 
 
 iffi&li 
 
LIST OF STEAMERS. 
 
 AJIERICAN STEAMEK3 BUILT ON LAKE ONTARIO AND EIVEh 
 BT. LAWRENCE SINCE THEIR INTRODUCTION IN 1S16. 
 
 HiiMt NnniP Tons. Wl.pre hiil.t. Rcm^uks. 
 
 1816 Ontario 232 . . Sacket's Harbor— broken up. 
 
 1818" "sophia T5. .Sacket's Harbor-broken up. 
 
 1-23 Martha Ogden... 150.. Sacket's Harbor-lost in 1S32. 
 
 1830 Brownvillo 150..Brownvil1e— broken up. 
 
 1831 ' Charlps Carroll . . 100 . . Sackefs Harbor— broken up. 
 
 " " " Paul Pry. ... 50 . . Ogdenshurgh— broken up. 
 1833.' ."united States.'. . . 450 . . Ogdensburgh - brokt.;. up. 
 1833. .Black Hawk.... 200.. French Creek— broken up. 
 
 is;?!. .Oswego 400. .Oswego, N. Y.-broken up. 
 
 1836 . . Oneida SOD . . Oswego, N.Y.-broken up. 
 
 1S37.. Telegraph 200. .Dexter N. Y.-laid up 
 
 1 838 . . John Marshall. . . 60 . . Lake Erie-lost in 1844. 
 1839 . . St. Lawrence .... 450 . . Oswego, N. 1 .-broken up. 
 
 " Express li50..Pultneyville— tow boat. 
 
 184L iOeorge Clinton. . 100. .Oswego, N. Y.-destroyed 
 
 " ..President 60. .Oswego, N. Y.-lost in 1844. 
 
 1842. .Lady of the Lake 425. .Oswego, N. Y.-burnt i» li>'>4- 
 
 1843 Rocheste' 850.. Oswego, N. Y.— name changed. 
 
 IsS" "NiaSar a!. ..... 473. .Clayton N. Y.-Lewiston t<. Ogdensburgh, 
 
 1847 " ■ Calariu t .... 677 . . Clayton, N. Y.-Lewiston to Ogdonsbure , 
 
 1848"Bay 8 alo 1,098. .Clayton, N. Y.-Lewiston to Ogdensburg . 
 
 " ■ ' Outar o . 832 . . Clayton, N. Y.-Lewiston to Oi?densburgh 
 
 1849" "North-rner 905. .Oswego, N. Y.-Lewiston to Ogdensburs: , 
 
 ism! ".New York 1,200. .Clayton, N. Y.-Lewisto.i to Ogdensbursjh, 
 
 RUNNING ON THE ST. LAWUENCE HIViR. 
 
 Jcnnv Lind 800 . . Montreal, C. E.-Ogdensburgh to Montreal. 
 
 MoiUrca ' " 800 . . Kingston, C. W.-Ogdensburgh to Montreal 
 
 British Queen 800. .Grand Island-Ogdensburgh to MoutrcaL 
 
 BRmSH STEAMERS BUILT ON LAKE ONTARIO AND THE, 
 RIVER ST. LAWRENCE SINCE 1816. 
 
 »l„<1t NHnie. T.)„ii. Wliern ImlU. R«.m.vks. 
 
 ISl 6 . Frcntenac (Ist) 500 ... . Kingston, 0. W.-brokcn up. 
 
 1817 .Charlotte 160.... Kingston. 
 
 I'^ti* , . DHlhousie 850 ... . Prescott. 
 
 1824. .Toronto 200. . . .Toronto. 
 
 " . , Quceiiston 860 ... . Qnccnston. 
 
 18a5..CRnndRa9t) 260.... Toronto. 
 
 " Niagara... 400.... Brock vdlo. 
 
 182s!.Alclope 460.... Niagara. 
 
 1899. .Sir Jiuncs Kempt 2 0... .Kingston. 
 
 18«0.. Great Britain.... TOO ...Prescott. 
 
 1831 IroQuois 100 ... . Prescott. 
 
 lSH'i...)oh?i By 100....King.^ton. 
 
 " WilllHUi the Fourth 450. . . .Oniianoque-tow boat. 
 
 " Transit 850 ...Oakvilie— wrecked. 
 
 18J».' .Britannia! 200. . .. Kingston— broken up. 
 
 " ..Cobourg 600....Cobourg. 
 
 " ..Kingston (1st). 200 ...Kingston. 
 
LIST OP 8TEAMIJRS, ETC. 
 
 159 
 
 183;}. .Bnxikville 850 
 
 ]S34..Coin. Barrie 275 
 
 " ..Enterprise '.'.',,[ 20o' 
 
 ' ..union o^n 
 
 1835.. Traveller o-,." 
 
 ..St. George 400 
 
 133T..Sir Robert Peel .:;: 850.: 
 
 Wl.erebn'U. R^.miks. 
 
 .Urockvllle. 
 .Kingston-lost in 1842. 
 
 • Kingston— broken np. 
 .Oakville-ehanged to barque. 
 .Niagara— tow boat. 
 
 • Kingston laid up. 
 .Brockville - burnt in IS-'iS. 
 .Niagara- runs on Lake Huron, 
 .Niagara— wrecked. 
 .Niagara-broken up. 
 
 • Kingston— tow boat. 
 Prescott— name changed 
 
 ot^n S"'*'?" .*?." I-ac-brokeu up. 
 
 Frontenae (2d) <^,.J;;---i>.'»e»^"n- 
 
 41 
 
 " ..Gore ■ 200 
 
 ,' ••^'^''^"^''ctoria 200 ■; 
 
 MS. .J.xperiment 150 
 
 I539. .Henry Gildersleeve. .'.'.'.' 250 " 
 
 " ..Ontario* g^jj)-' 
 
 1S40.. Highlander (1st) :;; 300." 
 
 ..Albion 
 
 « 
 
 1^1 
 
 lost in 1S48. 
 
 "::p;=rR^:::: S-S^Tn^'»^ 
 
 " ..Canada (2d)^.. ::;•• i? ' ' " " tJ "^5,^- «^ .f'""'- 
 
 ,, , <2J) 450 
 
 ..Despatch 200 
 
 1342. . Priiiee of Wales. . .' ." .' .* .' ." .' 20O 
 
 " ..Admiral ^^q 
 
 " ::^Uand1iV°''"«°"-- SS -^'"^-^-F^-^^'^-e^^ 
 " ..Mohawk iro 1) :;••••• i«o""t.v ' " V" ••'^"'■"t '» l^^^i- 
 
 Predcott— tow boat! 
 ... ......... laid up. 
 
 • Kingston-name changed. 
 
 • Niagara— runs on St. Lawrence. 
 
 
 m 
 
 p, , 0/«") 150. 
 
 • tlierokee (gov. steamer) 700 
 •Eclipse ; 40Q 
 
 ' BRrrisH 
 
 .Kingston-runs on Lake Erie. 
 Kmg.ston-sent to Halifax. 
 
 changed to schooner. 
 
 ..Niagara 
 
 ON LAKE OVTAHIO 
 I'lVER, 18.56. 
 
 AND THE 
 
 ' mm To 
 
 ..Toronto N 
 
 lagara. 
 Oswego, N. Y. 
 
 STEAMERS HVSNING 
 ST. LtWREJfCK 
 
 7^„"®^* James Dick 4oo 
 
 ^™'r'"»» r).Millorv.. 500 
 
 ™P'on W. Wilson .sS 
 
 ii'Sf^^^:;::;;?:K'"" •^g-Toronto.:;;:;.Rochester,N:x 
 
 h\Just KoLson.\.]Ie.STounT--3^ r . " PortDalhouslo. 
 
 Arabian. ... s in r ^ "VJ^- J^^t^OMrg Os w.'go, N. Y. 
 
 5;£o„(2d);::;::;S^:'£Uou::::S--""''Ji''"" ^~ 
 
 fe:::::::»:::::::- 
 
 [-£:::;::::|.!S„a;:;::S 
 W;'i--''--:-^'"™i7.';:;:;S 
 
 yj Of till' Hay w. K vf-^n.«ft :■:". 
 
 F;^m..Aap;er..0.p.Creighlon:;I(m 
 ' " C. Chrysler 100 
 
 <( 
 11 
 
 « 
 
 It 
 ii 
 It 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 ir - 
 
 „. . Prescott. 
 
 •Kingston I'nn Trenton. 
 
 Belleville. 
 
 ..Port Trenton 
 
 Cape Vincent. 
 • Montreal. 
 
 ^^^Z^ZS^jllI^'^'^-'"^'.'^: <^ 
 
i.'jiitj 
 
 ma^-\ 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 100 
 
 LIST OF STEAMERS, ETC. 
 
 RUNNING ON THE ST. I WRENCE RIVER. 
 
 Xiime. Cfimmandera. Tona. From To 
 
 Banshee T. Howard 800. .Kingstoa Montreal. 
 
 NewEra P. Q. Clirysler...200 " 
 
 Ottawa J.Pw.Kelley 270 " " 
 
 St. Lawrence T.Maxwell 200 " " 
 
 Note. — The Tonnage of British Steamers is rated about one 
 third less than by the American measurement, owing to de- 
 ducting the space for engine and machinery. 
 
 The Steamers America, and Canada, two large vessels of 
 about 800 tons each, were recently built, and run from Harail- 
 ton to Brockville, in connection with the Great Western Hall- 
 way of Canada ; but after the completion of the Grand Trunk 
 Railway to Toronto they were found unprofitable, have since been 
 condemned, and their engines taken out and sold. 
 
 CANADIAN VESSELS. 
 t ;. :,w i list of Canadian steamers, propellers, and schooners 
 trixd!]' i-; on the Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, recently com- 
 piled, we gather the following facts : In commission, 47 steam- 
 ers, 17 propellers, and 171 schooners ; the tonnage of which 
 (British measurement) amounts to about 42,000 tons ; the esti- 
 mated value being about $3,500,000. 
 
 LIST OP BRITISI 
 ST. LAWKENC 
 
 »nl!t. Name. 
 
 ISlO.Accommodatio 
 
 l5l2 Swiftsuro 
 
 ISU.Mal.shain 
 
 1S!6 Car of Com-ne; 
 
 1917.Lady Sherbroo 
 
 " .Gale Ionia .... 
 
 " .Telegraph 
 
 ISiS.New .Swif(8iirj, 
 
 " .Quebec (1st) .. 
 
 1?2J. Montr -al (Lit) . 
 
 " .Cliain ly 
 
 " .St. Lawr.'nce (] 
 l»3.LaPr.tirie..... 
 
 l>25.IIor 'iiles 
 
 '' .Eilinim i llenrj 
 
 15'26,W:iti'r!oo 
 
 lS29.Brili.^li Amerlci 
 " .John Mobou. 
 
 lN'!2Voyiif;our 
 
 " .Cm'uki 
 
 " .Canadian Eaajh 
 
 " .Patriot ?., 
 
 1S3.3. Britannia 
 
 im John Hull 
 
 , 1^36.Princi!.'<,s Victor! 
 
 I lS3;.Cim-lovoi.x 
 
 59. Lady Oolborne 
 , ' .Lord Sydenham 
 
 i l?40.QiieeM. 
 
 IW. Montreal (2'1). . 
 1^2 North America. 
 
 I 1S43. Alliance 
 
 .St. Louis 
 
 .Prince Albert (ii 
 |lif5.Lord El:,'in ... 
 .Q'ieliec(-2d).... 
 , .Rowland llilL.. 
 
 I W6. John Mann 
 
 .Richt'li'ii 
 
 iJlT.Iron Duke (iron 
 
 " .Ottawa 
 
 HW. Jiiquea Cartier. . 
 
 1^19 Cri's.'cnt 
 
 |W2.Castor 
 
 .9t. L iwrence (2i] 
 lpLMontri>al(3d)... 
 I " .J. M'Kei.zie.... 
 
 " .Saffiicnay 
 
 ;; .Pr!n.o../Royal. 
 • Huron . . 
 ,," .Musk Rat....!.' 
 
 |l»5.0iiltiviiteur 
 
 „ .Afivunoe 
 
 I '»6.Na|)oleon 
 
 •Victoria. '. 
 
LIST OF STEAMERS, ETC. 
 
 161 
 
 LIST OF BRITISH STEAMERS BUILT AND RUNNIXO OX THE 
 ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BELOW MONTREAL SINCE 1810. 
 
 Ballt. Name. Tons. Where buiH. Remarks. 
 
 J?}Si°?,'?'""^°<^'i"on---- -.Montreal -broken up. 
 KU ^\T'' -Montreal -broken up. 
 
 U.Malsharn -.Montreal-broken up. 
 
 W6 Car of Com-nerce... -Montreal-broken up. 
 IS 7.La.ly Sherbrooke . . -. Mmtreal-broken up. 
 
 „ •^i'l'i Ionia -.Montreal broken up. 
 
 , " -^^j^'graph ~.Mon real-brot ■„ up, 
 
 1 iS.New Sw.fts.irj -.M^.ntreal br )ken up. 
 
 , „ Q''^ '«« 'f I) ./ - • Q'lebec -broken ur, 
 
 !?21Mo.itr '.al (l.st) -.Montr al-broken up. 
 
 ; .Ciani ly .... — .Montreal-broken ur. 
 
 .St. LaNvr.nce (1st).. -.Montreal-broken up. 
 
 h ■ .La Prune -.Montreal-broken up. 
 
 ha.IIer ules 300. Montr al-broken up. 
 
 , A-w ?"" "*''""^ -. Montr. al -l.roken up. 
 
 6.A\at,-r.oo..... 200 La Prairie. C. E.- lost in the ice. 
 
 1 9,Briti.shAmer.ca... .391. Montreal-broken up. 
 
 .John Molson 3ii0 Montreal-broken up. 
 
 IfYoy.urc'ar 300 Montr 'al-broken up. 
 
 , •^■'"'^•^ ■■;•.. 8.-)0. Mo.treal-brokou up. 
 
 .Cana.lian Lagle. ...250 Montreal -broken up. 
 
 ," i:T"'-. 100. Montreal -broken up. 
 
 AlBntanniii U5 Montreal-broken up. . 
 
 m John Bull . ... . .500.Montr,.al~burnt in 13.39. 
 
 ^'J''Pf'"«''-^s Victoria. . .171 . Montre^il -tow boat. 
 
 s ..Ciia-levoix 200. Montreal -broken up. 
 
 1^39,La(l.v Co borne ....2o0 Montreal -broken up. 
 .Lord Syilenhain. . . . -Lake Ontario-broken up. 
 
 ^? ?r"":"- , Vo.V ^"2 Sf^-el, 0. E.-laid up. ^ 
 
 W .Mon real (2.|) 378. Montreal-wrecked IS53. 
 
 W .Wth America 181. Montreal -broken up. 
 
 wa.Alliance 192.Montreal— laid up. 
 
 J •J.K'ouis 190 Sorel, C. E.— laid up. 
 
 1^ Lord^FMn""' (iron).183 Montreal Champl ,in & ?t. Lawr'nce Ferry 
 
 " n , 7 n ]?'\ It'^^^ Ontario -Montreal to Kinffston 
 
 » -^^Z \-u\ ^^^.9"^''"° -Montreal to Quebec. ^ 
 
 Ki« T^^'w'' "'" 250 Quebec-tow boat. 
 
 T 'S ^?»"" 4ii0.Quebec~Montreal to Quebec. 
 
 .R.chel|Y . .... ..70 Sorel, 0. E.~ Montreal to Chambly 
 
 ||fe:^.?^!'r::;:::: g.KlvSl^i;^?^"^ to Three River,. 
 
 'Stn^Vence^iilDiilsS '''"''■'"' -'''^"''^"' '" '^'^'°« ^'^«»- 
 
 ' 'f^'^'xV'fi"'^' ^^^) 800. Quebec - Burnt,' JunV 27' 18.57 
 
 « •^•^I'l^ei.zie p. Quebec -Montreal to Quedee. 
 
 « •&':::!]L^>'p-:.:,i SOO 8"r^'''.C. E.-QuebectoSaguenay. 
 
 ;' :ii«ron" :!!f!•.:;::,s5o■w,c!T''~'^"''""'^^"""'""y• 
 l li-s'r^lh "^ ^''^ ^^'^ Montreal -Montreal to Lon!?ueil. 
 
 ISM.C, Itivateur 60 Montreal -Montreal to Berthier. 
 
 K«'m '?'''^ ^ -.Quebee-Quet)ec to River du Loud, 
 
 I '^N' I'oleon 114 Montreal -Montreal to Quebec. ^ 
 
 • ♦ i^it^ni 114 . Montreal-Montreal to Quebec. 
 
 ?H' 
 
 t " "'•if V 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 
 **»" /^. 
 
 :<p 
 
 4> A^^ ^^ m" 
 
 
 A 
 
 2i 
 
 7a 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 « 12.0 
 
 1.4 
 
 6" 
 
 1.6 
 
 V 
 
 ♦V'# 
 
 C/l 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIBSTIR,N,Y 145t0 
 
 (716) 173-4503 
 
 A^ 
 
 iV 
 
 cF 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
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 ^ 
 
 
 ;\ 
 
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162 
 
 CAN'ALS OF CANADA. 
 
 CANALS OF CANADA, SHOWING THEIE LENGTH, 
 LOCKS, ETC. 
 
 Name., i:tc. .^'"""'^ 
 
 ' lu inUi.'H. 
 
 Wellanu Canal. 
 Main Trunk, Tort Colborno to 
 
 Pt. Dalhousie 28 
 
 Dunuvillo Feeder, junction to 
 
 Dunnville 21 
 
 Broad Creek Branch 1 J 
 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 The Gallops 2 
 
 Point Iroquois C 
 
 Rapid Plat 4 
 
 Farren's Point | 
 
 Cornwall IIA^ 
 
 (Long Saut Rapida) 
 Beauuaknois 11^ 
 
 (Cascade, Cedars, oto.) , 
 La Chine 8^ 
 
 Total, from L. Erie to Montreal 69 
 Add fall not requiring locks . 
 Fall from Montreal to tide- 
 water at Three Riv., C. E. 
 
 
 Cl,Nt. 
 
 27 330 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 8 . 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 2 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 ► X 1,001,497 
 
 £1,052,601 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 64 
 
 Grand total 
 
 82^ 
 
 45 
 
 535 feet. 
 17 
 
 18 
 505 foet. 
 
 £CGo,3.]l 
 £181,736 
 
 Note. — Lake Huron is elcviitod nino feet abovo LnkoErie, i 
 and Lake Superior is elevated 2») foet above Lake Huron- 
 making ft total elevation almvo tide-wator, or the ocean, o{0>\ 
 foet, according to recent surveys. 
 
 I.i'lUtll III 
 
 mill a. 
 
 Chamhly Canat llj 
 
 (Iliver Klchelieu) 
 
 St. Ours Lock, do 
 
 8r. Anne's Lock. 
 
 (Ottawa luvur) 
 
 I.m-Ui. 
 
 9 
 1 
 1 
 
 111 li-et. 
 
 74 
 
 Coil, 
 
 RiKKAU (JaNAI, 
 
 ^ 
 
 Kingston to Ottawa City . . 120 37 457 Xnnr),000 
 
 Ottawa Canal and Locks 
 
 £117,0-17 
 
 I ■ 
 
TRIP FROM KINGSTON TO MOXTREAL. 
 
 rj. i 
 
 Thk Amoncan steamers on leaving Kingston on their trip to 
 Ogdenaburgh run between Grand Inland and Howe Island, two 
 large islands belonging to the British, when they enter the 
 American Channel of the St. Lawrence and land at Clayton 
 situated at the mouth of French Creek, while the Canadian 
 steamers usually run the North or British Channel, passing 
 Gananoqui, 20 miles below Kingston. This is usually the first 
 landing made by the British steamers in descending the river 
 unless they stop to take in wood at some of the numerous islands' 
 Thk Thousand Isr.ANDs.-Tho remarkable group of islands 
 in the Ihver St. Lawrence called « T/,e Thousand Islands " 
 commences opposite the city of Kingston, and stretches down tlio 
 river for between 40 and 50 miles, for which distance the St 
 Lawrence is between six and twelve miles wide. They lie partly 
 m Canada and partly witliin the bounds of the State of Now 
 ork. the boundary line between the United States and Canada 
 (linding them into about equal parts. 
 
 From an examination of Bayfield's chart of the St. Lawrence 
 River, ,t appears that Wolfe or Grand Ihlaivd, belonging to 
 .0 British, is 18 miles long and from one to six miles whie 
 Tins ,s the largest island of the group, and contains much good 
 land, being inhabited by a number of families. A canal is com- 
 -ncnccd, extending across this islam!, to facilitate trade with 
 Upo Vincent. 
 
 Gaok l8t and, lying west of Grand Mand. is three miles long. 
 
 I 0? '^« -"tl-vest end may be seen a light-house asyou approach 
 
 Kingston from Toronto or Oswego. The American boats usually 
 
 run between this inland and Wolfe Island, through tiie PaJt 
 
 tr Hateau Channel. 
 
 On V, vnn.N I.LANr., opposite Kingston, is situated a large 
 .bor e.tabl...hment, whore may usually be seen vessels taking 
 m lumber, destined for different ports. 
 
164 
 
 KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 
 
 Howe Island, also belonging to the British, is eight milag 
 long, and from one to two miles -wide, lying near the Canada 
 shore. The usual steamboat route, on ascending and descending 
 the river, is between this island and Wolfe Island, running 
 through the Kingafon or British ChannrI, a wide expanse of 
 water, extending from near Kingston to French Creek, on the 
 American side. 
 
 The American Chaniiel runs east of Wolfe or Grand Island, 
 between that and Cape Vincent, where extends the boundary 
 line between the two countries, this being considered the niaiu 
 channel. 
 
 Carleton Island, belonging to the United States, is situ- 
 ated nearly opposite Cape Vincent, It contains about 1,200 
 acres of excellent land, and is an important island, as it com- 
 mands the American Channel of the St. LaAvreuce, and has in 
 fine coves or harbors at the upper end, where are extensive 
 lumber stations. Hero was erected a fort by the British in 
 1777, and it became their principal military and naval depot 
 for Lake Onlario during the Revolutionary War. Some years 
 afterward, the shipping and public stores were removed to 
 Kingston, but the island was retained and occupied by Brit'"' 
 troops until 1812, when the guard was surprised and take 
 a party of New York militia. 
 
 The Avaters of the St. Lawrence among the islands he ; vary 
 at different seasons from three to four feet in height, exposing 
 some hundreds of islets at its lowest stage. 
 
 The fish most abundant are the maskalongo, pickerel, black 
 bass, pike, perch, rock bass, cat-fish, and eels. The maskalongc, 
 pickerel, and black bass are taken by trolling; the piko are 
 taken in nets, and the perch, rock bass, etc , are taken by hook 
 and lino. 
 
 On the islands arc found deer, foxes, raccoons, rabbits, squir- 
 rels, muskrats, and minks ; also partridges, quail, and wild ducks 
 in abundance. 
 
 Qrindstovk Imland, five and a half miles long, belongs to 
 the United States. This is a largo island, lying in the mid- 
 
KINGSTOiV TO MONTREAL. 
 
 L 
 
 t.l 
 
 ^0 of the mer. a short distance below the mouth of French 
 Greek. Here, it is said, the noted Bill Johnson has his favorite 
 abode, either on the main island, or the small island in its im- 
 mediate vicinity, called Johnson's Island. 
 
 Well's Island, another large and important island, eight or 
 nme miles in length, is attached to the State of New York • it 
 1.CS mostly above the village of Alexandria, the boundary line 
 running on its west side, where lies a beautiful body of water 
 caUed the " Lake of the Thousand Islands^ which is a favor-' 
 ite resort for the angler and sportsman. 
 
 The Admiraltv Islands are a group lying below Howe 
 tiand, and belong to the British. Here the Canadian Channel 
 lecomes a perfect labyrinth for a number of miles, and the 
 navigation would be very dangerous were it not for the great 
 depth of water and bold shores of the islets, and light houses 
 The Fleet Group, or Navy Islands, commence opposite 
 Grindstone Island, on the Canadian side of the river, and ex- 
 tends for some distance below to opposite Well's Island Hero 
 ito boundary line runs close to the latter island, r'vin'r most 
 •jfthe small islands to the British. ° 
 
 The Old Friknds are a small group immediately below 
 MYa Island, belonging to tlie United States. 
 The Indian Group also lie on tlio American side of the chan- 
 I ncl, a few miles below the latter islands. 
 
 The Amatkur Islands lie in the middle of the river, oppo- 
 lite Chippewa Creek, and are. in part, attached to the State of 
 p'ew York, and a part belong to Canada, the boundary lino 
 running between them. 
 
 Immediately below the latter islands tlio river contracts to 
 
 one or two miles in width, and the Thousand Islands, of which 
 
 tliero are at least fourteen hundred, may be ...M to terminate, 
 
 although a largo collection of islands called nroc/,\s Group, 
 
 |I:ing mostly on the Canada side, are passed ii .liort distan-s 
 
 jwiow the village of Brockvillo, where the St. Lawrence River 
 
 N aliout one mile wide, which width it averages for 80 or 40 
 
 pies, until you approach the rapids below Ogdensburgh, when 
 
 m- 
 
166 
 
 KINGSTON TO MONTUEAL. 
 
 it narrows to about half a mile in width, with banks tievatecl 
 but a few feet above the water. 
 
 " The man stream of the St. Lawrence," says Buckin^rliani, 
 speaking of the Thousand Islands, "is so thickly studded with 
 islands that it is like passing througli a vast archipelago, rather 
 than navigating a mighty river. They are for tha most part 
 rocky islets, sometimes rising in abrupt cliffs from the water. 
 and so bold and steep that you may run the boat near enough 
 to touch the cliffs from the vessel. A few only are Ioat and flat, 
 but being nearly all wooded, they form a perpetual succession 
 of the most romantically beautiful and picturesque groups that 
 oan be conceived." 
 
 Among the Thousand Islands are usually found iniinonse 
 quantities of Avater-fowl and other kinds of wild game, ivliich, 
 during the spring and summer months, afford great pleasure to 
 the sportsman. The fishing is also excellent for the most part 
 of the year. During the months of July and August, pleasure 
 parties from the surrounding country, and strangers from a 
 distance, resort here for their amusement, enjoying themsehes 
 to their heart's content by hunting, fishing, and bathing, being 
 surrounded by wild and interesting scenery and invigorating 
 air, not exceeded by any section of the United States or Canada. 
 
 The St. Lawrence River, in fact for its entire length of sev- 
 eral hundred miles, presents a magnificent appearance, wU 
 worthy the attention of the tourist. The Rapids, now success- 
 fully navigated on their downward trip by steamboats of a large 
 class, returning through the canals, afford a deeply interesting 
 excursion. The cultivated fields and settlements intcrohangiug j 
 with bolder features, impart a grandeur as well as variety and 
 beauty to the river and its shores which no other stream on 
 the continent po.sscs8C8 in an equal degree. 
 
 BiiocKviixE, CO miles below Kingston and 125 miles abere 
 Montreal by railroad route, is a beautiful and flourishing town 
 of about .'j.OOO inhabitants ; it contains a court-house and jniU j 
 custom-hou.so, several churches, two good hotels, and many fine j 
 buildings, besides several extensive manufacturing cstabliiili' 
 
KINGSTON' TO MONTREAL. 
 
 w 
 
 banks tfevated 
 
 monts. Here is a convenient steamboat landm^:, where the 
 American and British passage-boats usually land on thoir trips 
 npand down the river, the stream here being about two miles 
 iu width. 
 
 Tlie Grand Trunk liailway, which runs through the town, 
 m ad le<l much to the growth and trade of this place. The 
 Brockvillc and Ottawa Railroad, which is in the course of con- 
 stmction. wlicn finished, will further add to its prosperity, the 
 country in the rear being very fertile and heavily timbered, 
 producing large quantities of grain and lumber. 
 
 Maitland is a small village, five miles below Brockville on 
 tli3 same side. It contains a church, a public house, and sorao 
 M inhabitants. 
 
 Tiie town of Prescott, C. W., is situated on the north bank 
 of the St. Lawrence, directly opposite Ogdensburgh, beino- 60 
 miles below Kingston and 1 13 miles above Montreal bv railroad 
 route. Tliis point may be considered as the foot of lake and 
 rircr navigation for sail ves. Is, as the Gallop Rapids occur about 
 Mindos below, where commences the first of the series of the St. 
 Lawrence canals, terminating with the La Chine Canal, which 
 enters Montreal. Prescott is a port of entry and contains a 
 cistcm-houso, a town- hall, four churches, six public houses, 20 
 or JO ..Jores, a founrlry and machine-shop, together with several 
 biewer.es and distilleries, and three extensive laundries This 
 1? «l3o a groat depot for lumber and country produce. 
 
 British and American steamers usually land at Prescott several 
 t:mes daily on their route up and down the St. Lawrence. Two 
 rtoam ferry-boats are also constantly running between this place 
 I an,l Og U.nsbui-gli. The Uraud Trunk Railway passes through 
 jl'o town, and the Ottawa and Prescott /;«//rW, 63 miles in 
 J-ngth, terminates here, affording a speedy and direct route to 
 I '):tawa City and the lumber region above. 
 
 No scclion of Canada has faimr r^^^=r^^*a nf „,i . 
 
 ' -n nrockv.lle and Prescott, if the advantages are c.nbraccd 
 of fcrinnig linos of railroads to the npper Ottawa country, lying 
 « they do nearer to that heavily timbo 3d region than Montreal 
 
168 
 
 KINGSTON TO MOIJTREAL. 
 
 Fort Wellington, adjoming the lower part of the town, is a 
 strong fortification usually garrisoned by more or less British 
 troops. Windmill Point, one mile and a half below the fort, 
 was the scene of an unfortunate attack by the patriots of 18"S, 
 who, after eflfecting a landing and maintaining their position with 
 great determination for several days, were taken prisoners, many 
 of whom were afterward executed at Kingston, and others tran- 
 sported to Van Dieman's Land. 
 
KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 
 
 109 
 
 f 
 
 EAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. 
 
 Ok resuming the downward trip, after leaving Prescott or 
 Ogdensburgh, the most interesting objects are presented to view 
 from the deck of the steamer. The depot buildings of the North- 
 em Railroad of New York, on the one side, and Windmill Point 
 oo tiie Canada side, are quickly passed and the Rapids soon 
 I reached. 
 
 Chimnky Island, four miles below Prescott, is an interest- 
 
 hg spot, where may be seen the remains of a fortification, 
 
 erected by the French during the early settlement of Canada 
 
 Tlie Gallop Rapids, six miles below Prescott or Ogdensburgh 
 
 hre easily passed by steamboats, although they prevent the 
 
 Bavigat.on of the St. Lawrence by sail vessels. They extend 
 
 for about two miles, around which is a ship canal on the Canada 
 
 Uk of the river, overcoming a descent of seven feet 
 Matilda eight miles farther, is a convenient steamboat 
 bdmg on the Canada side of the river, where is a canal one 
 
 liile and three-quarters in length. 
 Waddixcto^, on the American shore, 18 miles below Og- 
 toburgh, lies opposite Ogden's Island, which is pa,ssed to the 
 
 Inght, descending through the main channel, forming the bound- 
 
 pjlme. Here commences Rapid Plat, and extend., about two 
 
 t r T^Z- ^"""^^'^ '"°"^ '^ '^' ^^'"^ l°"Sth is built 
 In the Canada shore, to overcome the descent in the river of 
 |eleveu and a half feet. 
 
 Williamsburg, seven miles below Matilda, is a regular 
 |eamboat landing, where passage-boats usually touch ascend- 
 f and descending the river. Here is another short canal 
 
 Lhrvslkr's Farm, a few miles below Williamsburg, is the 
 P-ace where was fought a battle in the war of 1812. between 
 f -Enghsh and Americans, in which the latter were defeated, 
 ^itli considerable loss in killed and wnunda,! 
 
 mlZT ^T'"'"' '^ "^^'^ ^'^^^ Ogdensburgh, is where 
 ^ ng^r leave.for Massena S^rin^s, six miles distant by 
 pge. This IS a great resort for invaUds during warm weather. 
 
 
 
 
II 
 
 ITO 
 
 KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 
 
 The Long Saut Rapids, extending from Dickinsons Land- 
 ing, 40 miles below Prescott, to Cornwall on the Canada side, 
 is one of the longest and most important rapids of the St. Law- 
 rence. They are divided by islands into two channels, the 
 America?! Channel and the Lost Channel.* Formerly, the 
 American, or East Channel, was mostly ran by steamers in tlie 
 downward trip, but of late the Lost Channel, on the Canadian 
 side, is mostly used. This channel presents a grand and ter- 
 rific appearance, the water being lashed into a white foam for j 
 several miles, yet still the steamer glides rapidly through them 
 into the quiet and beautiful expanse of water below Cornwall. 
 
 The Cornwall Canal, commences 72 miles above Montreal, 
 on about the 45th degree of north latitude, the dividing line be- 
 tween the United States and Canada. It extends to Dickinsons | 
 Landing, 11^ miles, overcoming 48 feet descent in the St. Lavr- 
 rence. Barnhart Island and Long Saut Island, two largo and | 
 cultivated bodies of land, belong to the State of New York, 
 while Cornwall Island and Sheek's Island belong to Canada, 
 dividing the waters of the St. Lawrence into two channels, k I 
 most of the distance through the rapids. 
 
 Cornwall, 112 miles from Kingston and 70 miles aboTel 
 Montreal, is situated on the northwest side of the river, at the 
 
 * Pa88 \ge or TUB Long Savt Rapid.— Those who have travolo'l on the j 
 St. Lawrence are aware that between Dickinson's Landing and <-''i;n™.l 
 a distance of from twelve to fourteen miles, there is a long rapid called h 
 Lwu S<int This rapid is di^ ided into two channels by an i^lf ^^^ °'»^| 
 center, the channel on the south side being the one which hns '™or9| 
 been descended by steamers and other large craft passing down the re . 
 Capt. Maxwell, the enterprising commander ol the mail steamer Tiwer.i 
 Bleeve" having some time ago become impressed with an ulea tiuunei 
 channel on the north side of th(i Island was not only practicable tor vcyel^l 
 of a large class, but that it was much safer and easier of descent than ft 
 channel on tlie south side, made, with much trouble, soundings an^ oh cr- 
 nations, for the purpose of ascertaining whether such ^^^s rcills the wi 
 
 Having well satisfied himself in the matter, ho (with Mr. llarailnn 
 rermission) made a descent down the North Channel, soinelinKSoa^eJj 
 lost Channe', in the mail steamer " Gildersleeve." The P»9sag«3 
 magnificent, the grandeur and beauty of the Kapid far surpassmg^ evew 
 thote of the Ranlds at the CL-dars, the Cascades, or La Chine._ Owngwi 
 the great rapidity of the current, the water is muen rougncr ^^^^^ 
 8outK side of the island, but the channel is stralghter, and in every r&P 
 better than the one heretofore adopted, and there is little ^oii''/, ^l'^ 
 long the North Channel will be the one which the mam traflic ol tne mo 
 will pass through.— J/cwif/voi Herald. 
 
KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 
 
 in 
 
 lower end of the Cornwall, or St. Lawrence Canal The 
 town contains about 2,500 inhabitants, 400 dwelling-houses a 
 cour -house and jail, five churches, twenty stores, and seve;al 
 otcls. Thi3 IS a regular steamboat landing for American and 
 nti«h steamers. The Grand Trunk Railway also passes 
 through the rear part of the town. 
 Sr. Il.Gis. four miles below, on the American side of the 
 m.r, IS situated on the line of the 45th degree of north lati- 
 I aie, the St. Lawrence below this point being entirely in 
 anada. St. Regis is an Indian village, part of its inhabitants 
 ™g in the Umted States and part in Canada. It contains 
 «r or five hundred inhabitants, 80 dwelUng-houses. one Roman 
 Utl.ol.c church, one Protestant church, one tavern, and two 
 ator.s. Here is a convenient steamboat landing, where during 
 «nn weather may sometimes be seen Indian boys, prepared to 
 Jange mo the water on having a piece of money thrown over- 
 board: often it is caught by these expert swimmers before 
 |reachmg the bottom. 
 
 Lake St Fuancis, a most beautiful expanse of water, is an 
 expansion of the St. Lawrence above Coteau du Lac, extending 
 for a number of miles. It is studded with lovely and pictur- 
 que ).land3, giving a variety to the scenery of this river which 
 .almost indescribable. The Indian village of St. Regis, and 
 ^^ owned by the natives, lie near its upper t^r^ina- 
 
 LANCASTER. 15 miles below Cornwall, lies on the w. t .side 
 
 ,!'; '"^°' '' '^7' ^''' ^''''^''^^S a wide surface, the waters 
 I Kv pursuing their course dcAvnward before rushing impetu- 
 
 Pho iX ''''''' '"'''"^" '°^''' '"'''''"" '"^ '''''' '' "»«^°^' 
 
 ill "^7.^ '''' ^^'' ^^ '''^'' ""^'^^ ^^«"*''«^^' commences a 
 |^¥<1 of the same name, extending about two miles. Seven 
 
 pu- below this commeuces the Cedar Jiapid,yrhich extends 
 
 J^utthreemiles. CSeeFyonti.ynece.) Then oomos Split JRock 
 
 frfCa^carfe terminating- at the head of Lake St. Louis, where 
 
 »hedark waters of the Ottawa, by one of its mouths, joins the 
 
 ^wi 
 
 4 
 
 " 'I 
 
 i' 
 
 
 s^:' 
 
11 
 
 KINGSTON TO MONTRSi*!.. 
 
 St. Lawrence. These four rapids, in eleven miles, have a d^ j 
 scent of 82.} feet, being overcome by the Beauharnois Canal. 
 
 The grandeur of the scenery in the vicinity of these Rapids j 
 can not be conceived without being witnessed. The mighty St. 
 Lawrence is here seen in all its magnificence and power, being | 
 lashed into a foam for miles by the impetuosity of its current 
 The Cedar Jiapids* have hitherto been considered the most I 
 formidable obstruction to downward-bound craft, but the new 
 South Channel, or McPherson's Channel, as it is now called, 
 affords an ad'ditional depth of water. The steamer Bytown] 
 Capt. Wm. Sughrue, in 1843, was the first steamboat that de- 
 scended this channel, which was brought into notice by D. S 
 McPherson, Esq., one of the late firm of the forwardiiig-liousej 
 of McPherson, Crane & Co 
 
 Beauharnois, 24 miles above Montreal, lies at the foot of I 
 the Cascade Rapids, where commences the Beauharnois C«/ia/,j 
 12 miles in length, overcoming altogether a descent of 82^ feet 
 Between Fond du Lac and Beauharnois, or the foot of the Cas-j 
 cade Rapids, is the most wild and romantic scenery that the St.j 
 LaAvrence presents. 
 
 Caughnawaga, ten miles above Montreal, is an Indian vil- 
 lage, numbering several hundred inhabitants. Here commencesj 
 the Montreal and Plattsbiirgh Railroad, 52 miles in length. Itl 
 is proposed to construct a ship canal from this place to the Riche- 
 lieu River, the outlet of Lake Champlain, thus uniting the wateral 
 of the St. Lawrence and Hudson River, via Champlain Canal. 
 
 La Chine, eight miles above Montreal, is situated at the foot! 
 of an expansion of the St. Lawrence called La/,-e St. LouisM 
 where enter the black waters of the Ottawa, River, the SJ 
 Lawrence presenting a greenish hue, the difference in th3 coiorj 
 of the waters being plainly vifiibk for many miles below. 
 
 The La Chine Rapids, a few miles above Montreal, are ttaj 
 last rapids of importance that occur on the St. Lawrence. The.^ 
 
 * It was here that Qen. Amherst's bri«;a(le of 800 men, ou their way tq 
 attack Canada, then in possession of the French, were lost ! At Moiiiretf 
 they received the first intelligence of the invasion, by the dead bouicj 
 floating down the rivor past tiie town. 
 
ttiles, have a d^ 
 arnoia Canal. 
 of these Rapids 
 The mighty St. 
 Qii power, being I 
 7 of its current, 
 idered the most) 
 aft, but the new | 
 t is now called, 
 earner Bytoii'n,\ 
 amboat that de- 
 notice by D. S 
 )rwarding-liouse I 
 
 S3 at the foot of I 
 iharnois Canal,] 
 cent of 82^- feet i 
 I foot of the CaS'! 
 lery that the St. I 
 
 s an Indian vil- 1 
 Here commencesl 
 lea in length. Itl 
 ace to the Eiche-I 
 aiting the watersl 
 implain Canal, 
 uated at the footl 
 Lake St. Lom\ 
 River, the SJ 
 jnce in tha color| 
 les below, 
 lontreal, are ttaj 
 jawrcuce. They 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 HKi^ 
 
are now com 
 tioii. These 
 miles in leng 
 hrgc cnpacit 
 I "f a liirge s 
 <pee,l than tl 
 
 "ThcSr. 
 
 I pisses! tig so 
 
 short (list ano 
 
 to Montreal. 
 
 [renco in u stc 
 
 lat our coi 
 
 J Starting at d; 
 
 I at first enrap 
 
 I ' Liikj of tho 
 
 I our liclinsinar 
 
 !lbro him. 
 
 Ite'jour way, 
 
 [loss path bo < 
 
 lanl long bcfc 
 
 |aniljirop;is.sin 
 
 I Gently wo gli( 
 
 IgriVJO the .soei 
 
 |iiw,ikjne 1 froii 
 
 our vessel i 
 
 Iceiviiig waruin 
 
 irten wo road 
 
 iWll is rung Ibi 
 
 |srl tho Ijoain, 
 
 |f.'U' (111 the vcs 
 
 ho s.'ti four nioi 
 
 K»'-', iini four 
 
 |«ln;ol in giiiaj 
 
 Jt" take. 'J'host 
 
 |«rt) now luakini 
 
 |«''j'ct fur supi 
 
 Ifl'i'igo. 'Tis o} 
 
 liii'liTantl f hi til 
 
 m tli(j HWif.nosi 
 
 jfeot while rushi 
 
 J«ii> wo can bo 
 
 |A"W turning to 
 
 |»llllH3 Bumuiit tl 
 
 Ifunn.ii^ on an h 
 
 |»e tnah ! Wo u 
 
KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 
 
 lis 
 
 re now considered the most dangerous and difficult of nariga- 
 t.on. These rapids are obviated by the La Chine Canal 8i 
 tables m length, overcoming a descent of iq tcet. Canals of a 
 .rgo capacity now run round all tho rapids, enabling steamers 
 .'f a large s.ze to ascend the river, although at a much 1 ss 
 I speoa than the downward trip. 
 
 Lt Jiimo/of me 1,™ red f„,S? ""? *a™cter, in tie 
 rent-on u stoaiuor is oiio nf +!,« «, * ^ '."'r" "* ^"^ «*• -Law- 
 
 N ,u,h /„■ onceTorrdr^v™' "h^cT rare" i^"""" 
 .n l.„g before tlie ,„n l,as set wo Imve K the ? r ^ T"f; 
 
 Ifhon wo re, c °tho (', n .^ « f ^ ^ " m' ''V'^'''* ^° '"ay expect 
 
 |'""> wo can bo m-pm.i-v<..l r,.r..7.'\'\"V '^"■''\^"''^'> "'"OUgU which 
 IWturnina to thrr.r / total wreck or certain death. 
 
 ^n,.nani..j;-.r,-S:^^^ 
 
 r ru«h ! ^^ mu.t ground ! but no ; her head is cash,« I'ff. and 
 
 r 
 
 w. 
 
 k4h 
 
 I 
 
 &!►■! 
 
174 
 
 RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCK. 
 
 as wc fly past the island, a daring leap might land us on its 
 shores ; nnd now again we are tossed and whirled about m a RP.a 
 of foam ; we look back to scan the dangers passed, and see a raft 
 far behind, struggling in the waves. While contemplating its 
 danffcrs, we forget our own. and the Ihies of Horace appoiir pe- 
 cnliarly applicable to the Indian who lirst intrusted his trail 
 canoe to these terrific rapids : 
 
 ' nil robur et a-s triplex 
 
 Circa pectus erut, qui fragilein truci 
 Commisit pelago ratom 
 Primus .' " 
 
 KAPIDS OF TUE ST. 
 
 LAWRENCE-EXCITEMENT OF THE 
 TRIP. 
 
 Extract from a d^r respondent of the Detroit Advertiiier—lStiQ. 
 •'Ln.vviNG Hamilton in the evening, on board one of the 
 splendid steamers navigating Lake Ontario, running direct fur 
 the St. Lawrence River, a distance of about 180 miles, we liaJ 
 a very pleasant night on the lake, and arrived at Cape Vincent, 
 N. Y., at 7 next morning; discharged some freight, anl pro- 
 ceeded to Broikville, Canada, and tlienco toO^dcn.-sburgli, N. \'., 
 where wo arrived about noon ; passing from Cape Vincent to 
 Ugdensburgh {via the Express Line of steamers), we tlireiidour 
 winding way through among the Thousand If Utiuh ; iiercisno 
 monotony, for the scenery is continually changing and ever I 
 
 beautiful. , , . , t ^ ,\ \ 
 
 " 1 have spoken of the route by winch I came to Ugilons- 
 burch; anotiier very plca.'*ant route is by way of the steamer 
 froni Detroit to liutrulo, thonce to the Ni.agara Falls, taking the 
 bout at Lewiston. Hy this route, passengers may see uuiiy 
 points of interest, which they do not see in travehng by tue 
 
 direct I'oute. , „ « , , u iiJ 
 
 '• Ou Wcdne.-day, July 17th, we left Og-lonsburgh on the 
 steamer Montiu:ai„ Cupt. J. Laflammo, ran nonns tlie btJ 
 Lawrence to I'rescott— then headed down the nvcr to ^U)ntrt«a 
 At six mib'H from Ogdensburgh wo passed the first rapid 
 {(lull()p>. This being the first of a series of rapids that wc lnvJ 
 to pass on V r way to Montreal, wc had the curiosity to iiotics 
 the elfort tlio seeno had on the passengers. The first with whom 
 we came in contact was a nervous old gentleman, an Mio fl;!i 
 rushing from one side of the boat to the other, with tear an 
 
 aaniiraJion acputtra im i:i- v,ttti-- 1.-...-- , i 
 
 taken posKosaion of his whole frame. , i ,| 
 
 •• Here is a group of Hcntimontal voung ladies ; so deeply m 
 th.-y absorbed in drinking in the aiekly sentiments of tlie eiicnp. 
 yellow covcrod literature which they hold iu their hau.is, th*! 
 
RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWHKNCE. 
 
 175 
 
 [ENT OF THE 
 
 they know nothing of the wild and beautiful scene throuch 
 which wo are passing. This is not the cn.s.. with all, for many 
 are standing or seated near the railing of the deck, lookinj 
 calmly at the turbulent waters, and dihcoui-sing upon the caust 
 of all this commotion ; others sfand in the background, wishing 
 but fearing to look at the trembling of the waves. We are now 
 past the first rapid, or the " Gallops," and the water is now in 
 a state ot perfect calmness, and so are the passen^'era 
 
 "The boat stops a few moments at Lou)sville,1i5 miles from 
 Ogdonsburgh. At this point the river is divided by an island, 
 jnd here begins the Lon^r Sa„t, a rapid of nine miles in len<rth • 
 formerly the boats passed down the south side, where the water 
 runs with greater rapidity. The north side is called the « Lost 
 thannel, a name given to it by the French boatmen, as they 
 >upposed that if a boat drifted into it, it would certainly be 
 Mt. A cliannel has been found on the north side, and now 
 Wvi steamers pass by it in preference to the snuth channel 
 
 " .Vs we approach the rapid, the grand and lofty tumbling of 
 t!.o waters, as they break upon the proj "cting rocks, have an 
 an^ry appearance, and look as if tliev were preparin<r to en- 
 pilph us. We are standing upon the bow of the boat,°and aro 
 fiu^iiiated by the view of the scene, yet we involuntarily turn 
 our eyes to the pilot-house, in front of which, on an elevation, 
 stands tlio captain, and at the wheel are four stronr men 
 .\oitlicr tear nor anxiety is to be perceived in either counted 
 nince; but with their eyes fixed upon the Ian Imarks, and their 
 strong hands upon the wheel, they guide the ship tiirough the 
 n:!rrow and crooked channel with unerring precision. Tho 
 pan I and picturesque scene has now brou-dit all to their feet; 
 t .• n..vel-readers have dropped their books, and the excitement 
 ot roality now Hurj)as.s('s the excitement of their ficti(m Tho 
 n.;iv,,us man is standing bareheaded against (he pilot-house, 
 With botli hands elevated, moutli open, and an ex( lamation upon 
 uenidot Ills tongue, as his tongue refuses to act ; but as tho 
 i^'if glides out of tlie last billow into smooth water, the ex- 
 einmiition drops from his lips, his mouth shuts with a sudden 
 •mk; and as ho sulwides into a calm he wipes the sweat from 
 I HH Mow and is glad that ho has seen an! pa^^sed over that 
 ap;a. Only a small portion of the Long S;,ut is very rough, 
 iimrest of it has much the appearance of llellCate, N. Y. 
 Attcr p:i»sing tho Long Saut, the boat stops a few momenta 
 
 , '™n '^", «". *•'« ^""''^'^'^ «»'lo- •" a sliort time after leaving 
 y-::iTv;ui, the nvei. wnleus into a lake, wliicli is called Lake St. 
 
 in,Zi''v ♦u V '"'^^ '"* "'"'"' ^'*''*.^ '"'^^'•'' '"'^ 1^'"K<''- "ftvini 
 Su La . ''^"^^ ** ''"^^ moments at tho village of Coteau 
 
 "Soon after leaving the Cotoau, we pass tho Coteau, Cedar, 
 
 •I i 
 
 * ' ill 
 
 1 
 
176 
 
 RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. 
 
 Split-Rock, and Cascade Rapids. The passage of these rapijg 
 is very exciting, particularly the Split-Rock ; here, as the boat 
 is by the action of the water lifted above the rocks, an I tl)ea 
 dropped down among them, the waters covering and then re- 
 CO ling and leaving the rocks nearly bare, upon either side, 
 looks fearfully dangerous ; the channel is narrow, the current 
 rapid, and the boat is carried along at a 2 40 pace ; but tlie 
 boat is strong, and a skillful pilot is at the helm, and the pas- 
 sage is very quickly and safely made. 
 
 "The river again widens, and is called Likn St. Louis. At 
 the foot of this lake, on the south side, is the Indian villigo of 
 Oaughnawaga. Here a boat comes off from the village, and 
 brings an Indian named Baptiste. He is a fine-looking man, 
 apparently abc^ut sixty years of age; he comes on board to pilot 
 the boat over the La Chine, wliich is the last but most dangerous 
 of the rapids. No man but Baptiste has ever yet piloted a 
 steatmer over these rapids. As the boat moves onward to the 
 rapids, all the passengers, even to the novel-readers, are anx- 
 ious to get a good position in order to have a good view of tlie 
 heaving, breaking, and laughing waters. As we enter the 
 rapids, we appear to be running upon a small grass-covered 
 rocky island. Indeed, as the bow of the boat is so near tliat it 
 appears to be impossible to clear it, wo look to see if tlie pilot 
 is at the helm. Yes, there stands tlie captain at liis post in 
 front of the wlieel-house, and the Indian pilot, with tiireo other 
 strong men are at the wheel ; and as wo look at the calm coun- 
 tenance of the Indian, and see that his bright eye does not so 
 much as wink, but is fixed steadily upon his beacon, wliatever 
 it may be, and that tlio wheelsmen are fully under his control, 
 we fool that, with his skill, care, and krowlodgo of the way, we 
 may banisli foar from our thoughts. 
 
 " B iptislo is a noble Indian ; he guides the boats among tlic 
 islands and the rocks, over the rapids and through the intricaU 
 channels, as easily as a skillful horseman reins a high-spiritd 
 charger. As quick as thought the boat glnles away from tliose 
 rooks which it appcaroil impo.ssiblo to avoid, but the pilot r.p- 
 parently is instasiblo to fear, though not to the ro-sponsibility 
 that rests upon him. Ho is .aware, aad all arc aware, that one 
 false move and all is lost; for the current is so swift, tlic soiw 
 run so high, and the boat is driven so rapidly, that one touch 
 upon a rock would shiver her to atoms. Mthough the passage 
 
 excitement takes tlie place of fear. Just as wo left the La Chins 
 llapitls, looking fo- the nervous man—thero ho stood, slialting. 
 laughing, and oxclaiming, 'thnt caps the climax.' In n»)OUl 
 half an hour alter leaving this last rapid, we enter the harl")r 
 .f Montreal." 
 
RAILROAD ROUTE FROM MOJfTREAL TO TOROXTO, 
 ETC., VIA GRAXD TRUNK RAIL17AY. 
 
 As the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada has recently been 
 opened from Montreal to Toronto, and from the latter place is in 
 rapid progress of completion to Port Sarnia, situated at the foot 
 Lf Lake Huron, we give the following description of the route 
 I from Montreal westward, ascending the noble St. Lawrence. 
 The depot is situated at the termination of the Victoria 
 Bridge, about one and a half miles from the center of Montreal, 
 subjecting the traveler to a long ride from the hotels or steam- 
 boat landing. On leaving the depot the La Chine Canal is soon 
 passed, and then the Montreal and La Chine Railroad, the 
 track of the Grand Trunk Railway extending westerly across 
 the fertile island of Montreal, passing in sight of La/ee St. 
 \Ms, formed by the junction of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence 
 I rivers. 
 
 Sr. Axne's, 21 miles from Montreal, is a French-Canadian 
 village, of some four cr five hundred inhabitants. Here is a 
 iRoman Catholic church, and a number of picturesque edifices 
 JBituated near the water's edge. The rapids, government lock for 
 Irteafficrs, and the railroad bridge, together with the beautiful 
 jOttawa and islands, altogether afford a magnificent view, al- 
 Ifflost unrivaled for river scenery. A few miles westward may 
 p seen the hills giving the name to the La/ce of thv Two 
 yfoHntains. 
 
 hhz Perot, about two milos in width, is next passed over by 
 =« upward train, and another branch of the Ottawa crossed, 
 |»lipn the cars stop at the 
 
 Vaudreuil SfATiopf, Bituateil about half a mile below the 
 Nlag« of the same name. Hero a lovely view is obtainci of the 
 
178 
 
 MONTREVL TO TORONTO, ETC. 
 
 Ottawa, its islands, and the hills of the Lake of the Two Mouic 
 tains in the distance. The railroad track, on leaving thej 
 Ottawa, runs through a fertile tract of country for several 
 miles, the village of the Cedars being passed on the left, some j 
 two miles distant. 
 
 CoTEAU Statiox IS 37 miles from Montreal and one and ,i i 
 half miles from the lauding; here is a scattered settlement 
 of French Canadians, numbering about 500 inliabitants. 
 • Lancaster, 54 miles from Montreal, is situated ou the 
 north shore of Lake St. Francis, an expansion of the St. Law- 
 rence River. Here is a population of about 700 inhabitants, 
 mostly of Scotch descent. 
 
 Cornwall, 08 miles from Montreal, is a thri/ing town, situ- 1 
 ated at the foot of the Long Saut Rapids. It contains about I 
 2,500 inhabitants. Here the trains usually meet, and the pas- i 
 sengors are furnished refreshments. This is also a convenient 
 steamboat landing, where the Royal Mail Line of steamers stop 
 daily on their trip" up and down the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Uic/dnson's Landing, 77 miles; AiiUsburg, 81 miles; Wil- 
 liamsburg, 92 miles ; Matilda, 99 miles, and Prescott Junction, j 
 1 2 miles, are soon reached and passed by the ascending train, | 
 The line of the Grand Trunk Railway from Vaudreuil to 
 Brockville, a distance of 100 miles, runs through a level section 
 of country, from a half to two miles distant from the St. Law- 
 rence River, which is only seen occasionally from the passing 
 train of cars. 
 
 The town of Prescott, Ho miles from Montreal, and GO miles | 
 from Kingston, is advantageously situated on the north bank of 
 the St. Lawrence, opposite tlio village of Ogdensburgh. It con- 
 tains a population of about 3 000 inhabitants. ( See page 250.) 
 The Oftaira and Prtsolt Railroad, 54 miles in length, ex- 
 tends from Prescott to Ottawa City, intersecting the GriinJ 
 iiuiia. ii.-iiiTrrtj- vivc auu :i ii;ui macs irom luo nc. LaTvrcmc 
 River. On leaving Prescott the railroad runs through a level 
 country to K'(wptvil/e,2^ miles, and thence to Ottawa City, 
 a fr.rthcr distance of oO miles. This is now the most speedy anJ 
 
MONTBrAL TO TORONTO, BT(!. 779 
 
 j torit. r™te from Jlontreal to the Upper Otla™, p„e.ger,- 
 bfpgc being clieckeJ through, vm Prescott 
 I!»ocKv,Li,f, 1 26 miles above Montreal, an.l 208 miles boW 
 [ «nt,, ,s one of the most important station, on the line of thi 
 I I /;■""* -^"'•""'J'. " ""tag a flourishing town of abou 
 i 00 mhab,t»nts. The SrocHUle ana OttauTa RaUroa,t wUl 
 
 Lvln , .• ■°-'* '■""'" '■™"' ''™*"»'' «<> Kingston. 
 
 Wles, „nt,nues along the north shore of Lake Ontario to 
 *«rg miles farther, and thence to Toronto. 70 miles^ 
 
 I long a total distance of 3S3 miles 
 FCT further information in regard to Kingston, Cohourg, 
 I~n|e. etc., see Trij, fro,,, H.„„uton an, Z.,to ,o Kngf. 
 
 \V ■ I 
 
 4 A 
 
 3 iDl. iitiTTriiu; j 
 
MONTREAL. 
 
 The City of Montreal, the largest and chief seat of com- 
 merce of British America, is favorably situated at the head of 
 ship navigation on the left bank of the St. Lawrence River, 
 here about two miles in width. It lies 170 miles above Que1)cc 
 and 850 miles below Toronto, by water, in N. lat. 45° 30', and 
 W. long. 73° 25' from Greenwich. The site, although not so j 
 commanding as Quebec, is in every other respect superior, 
 lying at the foot of a romantic eminence from which it dcrivos 1 
 its name, called Mount Royal, which hill rises in picturesque [ 
 beauty, about one mile from the city, to the height of 550 foot, 
 forming a prominent object in the picture from every point of j 
 view. The streets, although somewhat irregular, present a fine! 
 and clean appearance. Notre Dame Street, the Broadway off 
 Montreal, is the principal promenade and scat of the fasliion- 
 able retail trade ; it is about one mile in length and has many | 
 elegant stores, built of stone in the most durable manner. St, 
 Paul Street, lying nearer the water, is mostly filled with wliole- 
 sale stores. Great St. James Street is a wide and beautiful! 
 avenue, where are located most of the banks and insuraneel 
 oflSces; together with hotels and other substantial buildings. 
 McGill Street is filled with stores and oiBces of different kinis 
 running across the streets enumerated above. Water Street, 
 Commissioners' Street, and Common Street extend tlic entire! 
 length of the city, facing on the St. Lawrence River and Lai 
 Chine Canal ; at times presenting a pleasing and lively appoar-j 
 ance when the harbor and canal are filled with steamers ami 
 sail vessels of different hinds. From whatever side the cityisi 
 oT)T»rQached^ either bv water or land-, the scone is one of nuichj 
 interest ; if from the St. Lawrence, Victoria Bridge and island^ 
 first attract attention ; then the splendid towers of tlic Cathcdralj 
 the tall spires of other churches, the elegant front of Bonsecoun 
 
MONTRRAL. 
 
 181 
 
 Market, the magnificeut stone quay, and the long range of cut- 
 ime buildings which front the river, form at once a tout en- 
 I mble which is unequaled. 
 The public buildings in Montreal are numerous; many of 
 item massive and costly edifices. The most noted is the Roman 
 Catholic or French Cathedral, situated on Notre Dame Street 
 fronting the Place d'Armes; it is built in the Gothic style of 
 architecture, 255 feet in length by 131 in breadth ; it has six tow- 
 ers, of which the three belonging to the main front arc 220 feet 
 in height. The principal window is G4 feet in height and 32 
 h breadth. The interior has several desks or altars, and 
 h capable of accommodating from 6 to 7,000 persons, who 
 han disperse by several outlets. "This church boasts the 
 ||(ssession of a magnificent set of bells, one of which, weigh- 
 ing thirteen tons, is hung in the western tower, and is the 
 largest bell in America. Under the church, the entire space 
 B occupied by a ccraetcry-in which the more wealthy of the 
 Eoman Catholics are interred." The Seminary of St. Sulpice 
 .djoining the Cathedral, is a substantial stone building, at pres- 
 ent only finished to the extent of half the proposed plan In 
 Iftis building is transacted all the parochial business, and also 
 Itlie secular affairs connected with the very valuable property 
 longing to the priests of the seminary. There are several 
 lotlier Roman Catholic churches, mostly belonging to the order 
 IcfSt. Sulpice, to the members of which Montreal chiefly owed 
 litsfourdation, and who still hold the seigniory of the island on 
 pbich it stands. 
 
 Tlic Protestant churches, consisting of the Church of Eno-laud 
 
 lor Episcopal, the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), the°Con- 
 
 gregational, the Baptist, the Methodist, and other persuasions 
 
 jare numerous; Montreal being justly celebrated for its churcli 
 
 mm and church-going people. There are al.o a great num- 
 
 pr of nunneries and cli.avitJiMo inaHhi^V— ••- -n- ■-' - ' - 
 I i.__i- ..i....i.n, .t.ij.- in lii-^ i-'iiy, vol!} 
 
 junder Koman Catholic and Protestant management. The court- 
 
 Itouse and prison are new and substantial stone buildings, occu- 
 
 IPying the site of the former college of the Jesuits. The govern- 
 
 
 
182 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 ment house, barracks, ordnance office, six banks, and five 
 market-houses, the principal of which is the Bonsecours Market 
 ■ are among the remaining public buildings. Nelson's Monument 
 ; a colossal statue of tlie hero of the Nile, is placed on a Doric 
 column, the pedestal of which lias bas-reliefs representino- njvai 
 actions. jNIcGill College is beautifully situated at the base of 
 the mountain, and is richly endowed. Here are also a Baptist 
 college and two Iloman Catholic colleges, besides numerous 
 other educational institutions. Montreal has a theater-royal 
 an exchange building, a penitentiary, a house of industry, a 
 hospital, water works, gas works, a custom-house, a board of 
 trade, scientific institutions, religious and benevolent institu-i 
 tions, and numerous well-kept hotels. 
 
 The favorable position of Montreal for trade and coraaierceJ 
 iboth foreign and domestic, makes it a great thoroughfare for 
 men of business, as well as of the pleasure-seeking community. 
 The facilities afforded by means of the St. Lawrence and Ot- 
 tawa rivers, in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway and 
 other railroads, open a ready communication, not only with nil 
 parts of Canada, but with Portland, Me., Boston, and the cityf 
 •of New York ; the latter city being only 400 miles distant, and 
 • connected during tlie season of navigation by two popular lines 
 ■ of travel. The harbor, though not large, is safe and conven- 
 ient; vessels drawing 15 feet may lie close to the quay, which 
 is a most substantial stone structure of upward one mile ui 
 ilength. The La Chine Canal, nine miles long, admits steam- 
 ers of a large size on their upward trips, they usually running! 
 the Rapids on their downward trips from the Lakes above and] 
 the Ottawa River. Besides steamers of a large class running 
 to Quebec, steamships run regularly, during the season of navi- 
 gation, between Montreal and Liverpool, naking quick and! 
 profitable voyages. The trade through Lake Champlain, mostlyl 
 by means of the Champlain and St. Lawi ence Railroad, in 
 Junes jii iciij^tii, i= luiiiicusc — 3u uiuo'u su as 10 rcquiro a sflifj 
 canal from Caughanawa, or opposite Montreal, to the navigabl«[ 
 waters of the Richelieu River, the outlet of Lake Champlain. 
 
MONTREAL. 
 
 183 
 
 The Montreal and Plattsburgh Railroad, 52 miles in length 
 Dating with the La Chine Railroad, forms a direct line of travel 
 to Plattsburgh, situated on the west shore of Lake Champlain 
 \UMontreal and Ottawa Railroad, under construction, will 
 sdd greatly to the advantage of Montreal. 
 The Victoria Bridge, now erecting across the St. Lawrence 
 Eiver immediately above the city, when completed, will form 
 one of the wonders of the age ; it is to cross the river from 
 Pomt St. Charles to the south shore, a total length of 10 284 
 feet, or about 50 yards less than two miles. It is to be built 
 on the tubular principle, and will have a track for railroad cars 
 fflthe center, while on the outside of the tube there will be a 
 balcony on each side, wifh a footpath for passengers. The 
 ^"''gewill rest on 24 piers and two abutment, of limestone 
 Imsonry ; the center span being 330 feet long, and 60 feet high 
 from summer water-level, descending at either end at the rate 
 of one m 130. It is in every respect to be built in the most 
 hnbstantial manner, and, when completed, will cost the enor- 
 nious sum of £ 1 .250,000 sterling, or $6,250,000. The contents 
 )f the masonry will be 3,000.000 of cubic feet. The weight of 
 iron in the tubes 8,000 tons. The following are the dimensions 
 of tube through which the trains pass in the middle span, viz • 
 22 feet high, 16 feet wide; at the extreme ends, 19 feet high 
 16 feet wide. This gigantic structure is in rapid progress of 
 construction, and, it is understood, will be completed in 1859 
 [orearly in 1860. 
 
 The drives and inviting excursions about Montreal are nu- 
 mcrous, and highly appreciated by visitors from nore southern 
 cHmes. The foremost stands the excursion around the mount- 
 Um, which stands as a beacon to point out the true position of 
 the city on ucaring or departing from this romantic city. Other 
 (tr,vs up or down the St. Lawrence, or on almost any part of 
 
 |the fertile island nf Mnnfrool n^/, n++«--j-j _;..v -i 
 
 |,,. ••-'-nv.c-a nuii pleasure ana 
 
 deliglitful emotions. "Besides these excursions, the tourist 
 
 Iwfll find his time well repaid by a visit to the Saut-au-Rccol- 
 
 lect, which is a series of Rapids at the northern side of the 
 
 I 1' 
 
184 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 
 
 island, on a branch of the Ottawa called La Riviere des Prairies. I 
 Ifpre, besides the beauty of th'^- scenery, he may see the rafta 
 fromf the Ottawa making the deacent — an exciting exploit both 
 to thy spectators and hardy crews, though from the rarity of 
 accidents we must conclude that the skill of the voyageiirs has| 
 taught them to avoid any real danger." 
 
 Population of Montreal, — 1852. 
 
 Males 27,586 Other countries l,4;j'| 
 
 Females 30,129 
 
 < Roman Catholics 41,'166| 
 
 Total population 57,715 Protestants 16,1961 
 
 French Canadians .... 26,020 Number of houses 7,4201 
 
 British Canadians 12,494 " families . . . 9,9[j| 
 
 English, Irish, & Scotch 17,774 
 
 GPwAND TRUNK EAiLN/AT OF CANADA. 
 
 The Grand Trunk Railway, the greatest scheme of iti 
 kind in America, embraces in its ramifications the construction 
 of a continuous lino of railway from Trois Pistoles, C. E., aboud 
 150 miles below Quebec, on the southern side of the river St] 
 Lawrence, the point at which a junction with the proposed HalA 
 ifax Railway is looked forward to — and Port Sarnia, 0. W., oa 
 Lake Huron, a distance of upward of 800 miles — also a brancij 
 line of 50 miles in leng^th, from Belleville to Peterborough, C. ' 
 — and the leasing of the railroad then already built betwe(;ii 
 Montreal and Portland, Me., so that the products of the west" 
 era points of the Province might be conveyed thvoujrh Canndfj 
 to the Atlantic seaboard, without break of guage or 'u^^'i'i. 
 total length of unbroken railv ay communication '^'arl! >»'] 
 thus be obtained, wlien the St. Lawrence River is ; ;.n -^ ^'^~ 
 the Victoria Bridge, a structure unequaled in the history oJ 
 engineering, either in size or in massive proportions— is iipj 
 ward of 1,100 miles. The Original capital of the company vai 
 rf-^'. 500,000, but this being found insufficient, it has been dei 
 ♦^^e: ^M'^d to ir.f.raaHP, thii? .".mount to £12,000,000 sterling. o| 
 !|,'"0.v '« € •). Of this sum the Province has an interest in til 
 un'lvvi ' \\ts., \^ che shape of a guaranty, to an amount of upj 
 wrru t.' t:„,.,oO,000 fV-.-ling, or $15,000,000. Of the wrS 
 pr >po; "i, iicwever, it ^,■i ,ii found necessary, from several causa 
 
OKAND TRUNK RAILVVAT. 185 
 
 I to place in abeyance the prosecution of three different sections 
 tbe work VIZ. the distance between St. Thomas to Trois Pis 
 to 100 miles ; from Be levJlle to Peterborough, 50 miles; and 
 from St. Marys to Sarnia, 68 miles. But these sections wUl 
 tebtless ere long be proceed od with; in the first case, because 
 e Lower Provinces m ah probability, assisted by the Imperial 
 
 "TpS.;"^'^^ TT'^' ^''"^^ '^^^^^y communication to 
 Trois Pistoles, m<,r,Jc>^ to cr. ncct it with the Canadian railway 
 
 hjstera; and in tb^ latter two cases, simply because the traffic 
 
 the country mu vcr ' speedily demand the construction of 
 
 mth tb,so oLirtailments, and they are but temporary, the 
 [to vi^'""'' ^^'^^^'y '^ ^"^w composed of the following sec- 
 
 pluntreal to Portland 902 ml 
 
 Riclimond to Port Levi, opposite Quebec,*StVThomas' 137 '"^ 
 Hontreal to Toronto qqq .« 
 
 Ikonto to Stratford ...'.*..'.'.'."...,' rs " 
 
 Making a total mileage of ~^ j^jlg^ 
 
 I The works throughout the whole of this great len<rth oi 
 
 ke have been pronounced by competent authorities, both En 
 
 m and American, to be altogether unequaled by any rail 
 
 Iwyon this continent, and reflect much credit, not only en tht 
 
 Ifligineer of the company, but also on the several agents of tha 
 
 contractors. On an average, there is a station t? eveJy six 
 
 ik'mZi "'''' *° ^'"'''^ ^^""""^ '"'^*' ''"^ "" locomotive to every 
 
 Apart from the through travel between the East and the 
 
 I,?!' '^T'V^^ ""fj ^•'^^S"' *^« Junctions between other 
 iilways and the Grand Trunk Railway throughout the Prov^ 
 I cearo very numerous, and will provide a heavy traffic, both. 
 I«l passengers and freight. ' ' 
 
 94 
 
 J> 
 
 U 4' 
 
 If II 
 
 '^r 
 
TRIP FROM MONTREAL TO OTTAWA CITY AND THE 
 UPPER OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 Tourists who design to visit the Ottawa River, and view its 
 varied and beautiful scenery, should leave Montreal by steamer, | 
 or by the Grand Trunk Railway, in the morning for St. Anne's, 
 21 miles ; there taking a steamer for Ottawa City, 90 miles far- 
 ther ; or if desired, continue the railroad route to Prcscott, 113 1 
 miles from Montreal, and proceed by Ottawa and Prescott Bail- 
 road. The La Chine Railroad also conveys passengers to La; 
 Chine, nine miles, from whence steamers depart daily for Ot- 
 tawa City. 
 
 At St. Anne's, 14 miles above La Chine, the steamer passes! 
 through a lock 45 feet wide and 180 feet long. Hero is a suc- 
 cession of rapids in the river, and several small islands. The I 
 village is handsomely situated on the southwest end of the isl- 
 and of Montreal, and is the place where the poet Moore located 
 . the scene of his admired Canadian Boat Song* 
 
 CANADIAN BOAT 80NO. . 
 
 BY THOMAS MOORIC. 
 
 Faintly ns tolls tlio evening ehltnc, 
 Our volcf'8 keep tuno nnc! our onrs keep time ; 
 Soon as the woods on «horo look dim, 
 We'll Hing nt 8t. Anne's our purtinsf hymn. 
 Row, brothers, i )W, the strejun runs fist, 
 The Kapids iire near und Iho dujllght'a past. 
 
 Why should wo yet our sail unfkirl ? 
 
 There is not a breath the blue wave to curl ; 
 
 But when tlie wind Idows olT the shore, 
 
 Oh ! sweetly we'll rest our wenry oar. 
 
 Blow, breezes, blow, the stream runs fast, 
 The llaplds are near and the daylight's past. 
 
 • Tho «o»A/rr«Kr«, In nAsslnff Iho Bnriids of 8f^ Anne, were former!?! 
 
 ■ obllffed to take out a nart. If not tlio wliole, of their lading, owintt to thej 
 small depth of water here alTonled. It is from Uu* villaixe tliat ttipCVl 
 nadlans eonslder they take their departure <m aseending the Ottawa, njill 
 
 ' possesses th«> last ehureli on tho Island of Montreal, which Is dedicated l»l 
 
 > Iho tutelar sail t uf voi/ageurt. 
 
in ti'<if>n f. irmorlTI 
 
 MONTREAL TO OTTAWA CITY. Jg? 
 
 Otfawa's tide I thfs trembling moon 
 
 Saint of this green islo ! hear our nravers 
 Oh I grant us cool heavens and favoHntf.Vs 
 Blow breezes, blow, the stream ru.Ks fost", 
 Tho Itap.ds are near and the daylight's past. 
 Two miles west of St. Anne's commences tho Lake of the 
 Two Mounfams, being an expansion of the Ottawa, about ten 
 .lies long and eight miles wi.Ie. Here a branch of the river 
 verges toward the northeast, forming the west boundary of 
 e.^and of Montreal Two hills to the north, elevated 400 
 r.00 fee above the nver at the distance of a few miles, give 
 the name to this body of water. 
 
 The I^nzA^v ViLLAGK of the Two Mountains is situated on 
 k north szde of the Ottawa, about L'5 miles west of La Chino 
 Here reside tho remnants of two tribes, the Mohaw-s and Al^ 
 bnqums The settlements are -Mvided by a Roman Catholic 
 tech. standmg near the river side. On the hill toward the 
 aor h are situated three or four chapels. The highest sumn 
 of .h. 1 or mountain, one or two mH.s distant.^ called cl 
 hary.and ,s visited by the Indians and whites on certain re- 
 Wm estivals of tho Koman Catholic Church. Here the river 
 «ntracs in width to about half a mile, for a distance of one 
 NIe. .:hen it again expan.ls, forming tho Upper Lake of the 
 \Tm Mountams. About nine miles farther west the river 
 |«pn contracts to half a mile in width. 
 
 On tho south is passed tho settlement of JIeoaud, and a 
 [wuntam of tho same name. 
 C'ARaLov. eight miles farther, is on the north sido of tho 
 «tawa. Hero aro rapids in tho river, and tho navigation by ' 
 ambcmt IS continued by moans of a lock and canal. 12 miles 
 ID length. 
 
 At V,nm- Fortunf:. opposite Carillon, pa.songers going to 
 J Ublon,a Springs usually take a stage for VOnu-.r^A, a 
 
 ssunco of 18 miles, alono- fbo -m-'H » '- " ^' "■■ 
 
 mix affords some picturesque views. 
 
 .!u r;'""''* ^'^ '"'*'' '■•'""' ^^*""'^°' "«vigation is resume<l 
 "tiie Ottawa lUvcr. for a further distance of [>H milus 
 
 
 
 f^ii 
 
188 
 
 MONTREAL TO OTTAWA CITY. 
 
 The IliDEAu Falls (the Curtain), so called from their re- 
 semblance to drapery, is formed by the waters of the Rideau 
 River precipitating itself into the Ottawa, a short distance be- 
 low the city of Ottawa. This is a beautiful fall of 30 feet, and 
 attracts much notice, being soon to advantage from the steamer 
 ascending the Ottawa. 
 
 CuAUDiEnE Falls (the Boilins; Pot), viliich. are second only 
 to those of Niagara in grandeur and magnificence, are on the 
 Ottawa, immediately above the city. These falls, in connection 
 with the surrounding scenery, render this section of Canada] 
 very attractive ito tourists seeking health or pleasure. 
 
 The City of Ottawa, C. W., formerly called Bi/town, occu- 
 pies a most romantic position on the southwest side of Ottawa! 
 River, being 120 milch distant from Montreal, and 51 from I 
 Prescott by railway. It is in a naturally strong situation, and! 
 could be easily rendered almost impregnable. The city is 
 divided into two parts, like Quebec, known as the Upper andl 
 Lower Towns, which are about half a mile apart. The Bidinnl 
 Canal commences here, and is spanned by a handsome stonoj 
 bridge, forming part of the street which connects the two por-j 
 tions of the town, and it is also connected with Hull, on tliaj 
 Lower Canada side of the river, by a fine su.sponsiou bridge. 
 
 The city is justly celebrated as being a great mart for lum-l 
 ber, in which the Ottawa country abounds. In the neighl)(r-| 
 hood is foiiTid beautiful pale-gray limestone, of which matorialj 
 many of the edifices arc constructed, giving a handsome nnJ 
 Bolid appearnnco to the place ; the streets have been laid ouj 
 with great rcgiilarity, and are very wide. Barrack Hill. 
 commanding site, is retained by the government, wliich, 1^ 
 judiciously improved, the inhabitants might have beautiful 
 grounds for purposes of health and recreation. Here aresitnl 
 atcd the county buildings, ten churchos of different denoraina 
 tions, four or five banking houses, several wcU-kopt liotcb 
 together with numerous stores and expensive grist-mills, saw| 
 mills, and other manufacturing ostabli-shments. 
 
 The Ottawa and Prescott liaitway, 51 miles in length, i 
 
UPPER OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 1S9 
 
 mates at Prescott. situated on the St. Lawrence Rivor di- 
 rectly oppcsxte Ogdensburgh. No other road of its Icn^t x in 
 A.onca possesses greater advantages than this raihvl/ f 
 
 Stages and S'tca,nboals run daily from Ottawa City to .lit. 
 ferent places on the river above ti^e city. a(K:.rdIng L.1 
 «cur.ons dunng the summer and autumn months. 
 The Lmon Line of steamers runs from Av.meh, n^nc m^^s 
 .^.ve tawa to Jo.ch.., loO miles above the city The ! « 
 y^crs have throe iron steamers, with fif.y-horse-power en^In s • 
 »e runmng .r..a Aylmer to Chatts; one from AmprC tj 
 Portage Da Fort, and one from Portage Du Fort to tIT- 
 
 fc;a, and .t is a remarkable fact, that while goods are car 
 ned m wmter on sleighs over this route for 50 cent ^2100 
 IfounJs, the steamboat charge is $1 2o. ^ 
 
 VILLAGES OX THE UPPER OTTAWA EIVER 
 
 k' at ,1,!, plaoa I,„, a fall rf 5y ft'; "' ' "" 
 
 I A»rn,oB, 40 milos aboTo tl,o oily. Tliis nl,™ l 
 
 r 
 
 II 
 
190 
 
 UPPKIl OTTAWA KIVEU. 
 
 of this section of the country, one would thinlc that it was the 
 Garden of Elon, and that it was soon to be reclaimed. Tliosj 
 ongtigod in building up Amprior, predict that it is scrn to 
 become the Chicago of Canada. 
 
 PouTACK D-J Fort is 60 miles above Ottawa City. Th2| 
 rlvor here has a fall of twelve feet, affording good water-power. 
 
 PKMBROKr:, 100 miles above the city, is the next place on tliej 
 river, and is a point of great importance. 
 
 The Broch-fille and Ottawa Railroad, when complnteJ, TviU 
 terminate at this place, and afford great facilities to tho settle-| 
 m-'uta on the Uj^pcr Ottawa Kiver and its tributaries 
 
 
 'f/ 7r/ 
 
 i/i''. "j-t 
 
 |if. liitlicrto but p'l 
 V^i. This hike la c 
 fm^ liike.s, IVoni ( 
 Jiiib enters thoOttr 
 'tlie Koi'pawa-sipp 
 I "'From tho Lonp 
 plmadi'od and thi 
 N three hundriMi a 
 pa, down to Doux 
 Pr. that is. for ci< 
 pioii of soventoon i 
 - ' r- 
 
 
OTTA^YA RIVER. 
 
 Copied from the Canadian Tourist 
 
 [Jhireni^re^n^tf J:^^^^ Sof ' tcn-itory. which it drains, 
 .tions of the lumbernian an S '' '^'■"^"''"""'I *« the oper- 
 
 in agricultural coumrv £; " :/'^\^''^^' '*^ ^' 'P'^WHtios as 
 
 %^of attention SAhepS'^^^^ ""''"^"' ^ ^''^^'^^^'^ 
 [lit!) Lake Huron aLd the F r ?vT -n ««"''^«^'ng its waters 
 \k magnitude of the rh.L \^ • 7'" ^^""-'^'^ increase. Of 
 
 butyCf the scenery rc/vntt't^^^^ ''^'r'^^' ^"^ *h« 
 liaguseof the excellent Ron !rfTf '«tter speak tJ.an by n»ak. 
 
 * ■ ;:*ll';?crn;//''? ""-■" V^- - about -^ 
 
 1^ «.I twenty S,™ S'S.S''' ''rTr,"""- 
 B^n on the east, or Low-^r r,„.„ , , "^«*^?- '^'x >mlca lower 
 f"^«-.,i ^,i. a laSe river wni.O •/'•■'"''' -'^ .^"'^^''^^■^ t^« Kec 
 
 |.o,hitLerto but'pSlly e p^ r'd aiul i;" '" " ''"V" f ^''^' 
 
 klred'and^Siv'tln"' *'•? ^'"1 °'' ^'^'^'« Temiscaming, 
 
 h..it.wa olCnxMl '"'les from the nmufh of the Ot- 
 hr that i« fZ - V,'^'^*^"" Ji'ipi'lH, at the head of the D >eD 
 
 fe'ioi. oveatcn S?hf;^^ f''i "'" ^^^•^^'^' with the ex? 
 huh. ifln. !?."'i!.^'«^. ^''P.^O"/; S'-iut, and some other 
 
 h<"l'or tributa'rioaTirHw/lw'^'*"'.^' I'-^'T ^"'''* <'»»''^''''- »e- 
 
 S'* ' "'.ill 
 
 .J" i 
 
192 
 
 OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 Ottawa flo.73 east by south to the head of Deep River Reach, 
 nine miles above which it receives the River du Momc from tlie 
 
 ^"^ ' From the head of Deep River, as this part of the OUa^va 
 is called, to the foot of Upper AUumettcs Lake, two miles below 
 the villoffe of Pembroke, is an unintcnMipted reach ot nay,gab,e I 
 water, fortv-three miles in length. The general^ du-oction of 
 the ri^or in this part is southeast. The mountams n ong ,.lu-i 
 north side of Deep River are upward of a thousan.l I.e. ,n 
 height, and the mimy woode-l islands of AUumettcs Lalce ren- 
 der th^ scenery of this part of the Ott.awa magn.ticent a,vl o.- 
 ceedindy picturesque-far surpassing the celebrated Lake of 
 the Thousand Islands on the St. Lawrence. _ 
 
 " ' Passin-r th(i short rnpid of AUumettcs, and turning nortli- 
 ward round Ihe lower end of AUumettcs Island, which is ionr- 
 teen miles long and eight at its greatest width, and turn.n,J 
 down southeast%hrough Coulonge Lake, and passing beh.n^ e^ 
 nearly similar islands of Calumet to the head ot Odmnct Fa id 
 the Ottawa presents, with the exception of one shght rapid j 
 reach of fifty miles of navigable Avater. Ihe mountams on 
 north side of Coulonge Lake, which rise apparen ly to h 
 height of fifteen hundred feet, add a degree ot grandeur o t j 
 scenery, winch is in othev respects beautiful and varied Id 
 the Upper AUumettcs Lake, a hundred and hf een miles ci^ 
 Ottawa, the river receives from the wes the I'f ;;^;;j^^««' jl 
 its largest tributaries. This river is a hundred and foitj n Icj 
 in length, and drains an area of two thousand wo bundijl 
 snuare mles. At Pembroke, nine miles lower down on tbj 
 same si™ an inferior stream, the Indian River, also emptio' 
 
 ^^^'"Ifthe'heaSLake Coulonge the Ottawa receive, frjl 
 the north the Black River, a hundred and thirty mi cs m lengt 
 draining an area of eleven hundred and twenty miles and ninl 
 miles lower on the same side the river Coulonge, which is proj 
 Sy a hnndred and sixty miles in length, with a vaUey ol eigt 
 
 "^.'I'ortSraTof^^e Calumet FaUs to Portage du For 
 the head of the steamboat navig.ation. a distance ol e'B 't nuij 
 are impassable rapids. Fifty nules above the fy^Jl^^]^ 
 receives on the west the Lonnechoro a l'"";lred and t m , 
 in length draining an area of nine hundred and eigh y m.W 
 Eleveii miles lower it receives the ^adawnska, one o , s grj 
 
 louacra, a nvcr iv.u uuuuii-i an-- ^^ c - 
 
 Ina four thousand one hundred square miles. ^ 
 
 '« « Thirty-seven miles above Ottawa there is an int^-mf 
 in the navigation, cat-ed by three miles of rapids and fa Id 
 pa^ which a railroad has boen made. At the ioot ot ther^ 
 
OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 193 
 
 ^ntint n^. 7-^"' '"^"'"^^ ''^^'''^' ^"t« numerous channels 
 '^t^luTt '""'^r^ •^"'''^y «^ ««Parate foils. '' 
 
 i^^Taill^^^^^^^^^ ^^P'd« terminating in the 
 
 r£^?w f ^^ they present is the Lost Chaudicrc, where 
 [yy of water greater in volume than the Thames at London 
 
 I At the ci y of Ottawa the river receives the llideau from 
 fcewe«t, running a course of a hundred and sixteen mneVand 
 
 „., ilfi -^ Ottawa is, perhaps, situated more pictur- 
 B oly than any other in North America, with the exSn on 
 Nueboc. The v ew from the Barrack Ilil-embracS^ ^as U 
 iS'rdoudTof r'' ''' '^-g-fi^-t Falls of thcfchaSdiTr 
 Eli inhnw .1 o"''^^ 'P''^^' gc^ei-ally spanned by a bril 
 Pu rambow ; the Suspension Bridge uniting Upper and Low r 
 
 Sdi'slandsTn 1 H^'r^*^' gvoat^Falls, studd^^d wfth p"e ty 
 mter of the ?nf n' ''f*''^ ^^'^^^ mountains, which dividJ 
 
 Spov. iPn • ^/^''' laborers and artificers employed by 
 Royal Lngineers to construct the liuleau Canal tZ 
 M Uemmatmg at Kingston) was intended by lo govern! 
 bf England to be a n.eans of comnumication behveen [he 
 fwer ht. Lawrence and the Lakes, in case the communicat n 
 GbT ffti R ^-\^^'pVt^<i- The canar.rd"\>:^^^^^ 
 
 I The canal IS a .splendid specimen of cn'rinceriuff skill nn,! 
 
 tea Sliltv" 7",TT^'^^^ gonerair,"S;ca'i;rTts 
 ttiv in fi r ^^" . ^t'K""^ *''^"^ ^«^^« "«« ^n° above another 
 Si^l\'f^^*^?^«)- «^tl^° «i^y. the canal beina crossed bv I 
 U«.''*T ='""^"."^^^ig« j«»l ubuve them. The canal in faot 
 
 fc 2 Tl/n'^T '"'' •^'^^^^' *''« ^Pr«'' '^"'l Lower • A 1™ 
 
 ?Hil 0,^^°'.^°'''' '' '^o^JPriscd "i what is called the Ba?! 
 
 mil, on which IS a small barracks for trooi^s and somn 
 
 Rehouses, the property of the imperial Oovornmen?; there 
 
191 
 
 OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 is here a parade-ground of several acres, and the summit of 
 the hill, from which is to be seen the beautiful view which wej 
 spoke of before, is one of the finest promenades in the world. I 
 A few very simple fortifications on this hill would make the j 
 city of Otta\\ . almost as impregnable as Quebec. 
 
 •'Within the last few years a small hamlet has sprung upi 
 near the Suspension Bridge, in consequence of the abundant 
 water-power exiisting there, of which several enterprising per- 
 sons have availed themselves to erect saw mills. There is also | 
 here a very large iron foundry and machine manufactory. 
 
 " Here also are the slides, erected by government, for the j 
 passage of timber, in order to avoid the great fall, over which 
 the pieces of timber used to be precipitated singly, to be again 
 collected below at a great trouble and loss. Throughout the 
 whole summer, fiom morning to night, the ' cribs' of timber, 
 each manned by three or four hardy raftsmen, may be seen 
 darting down these slides ; while from the lofty summit of the! 
 Barrack Hill the huge rafts, gay with bright streamers floatingl 
 from tlieir many masts, may be seen on the smooth, dark bosom j 
 of the river, the golden-colored timber flashing in the sun- 
 beams. 
 
 " In the Lower Town are the principal mercantile establish- 
 ments, the court-house and jail, tlie Roman Catholic Cathedra!,! 
 the Bishops Palace ; a nunnery, to which the General Hospitalj 
 is attached, and a Roman Catholic college ; the Protestant hos-| 
 pital, the Terminus of the Prescott and Ottawa Railway, andj 
 the steamboat wharf. Among the objects well worth seeing inj 
 this part of the town is a steam saw-mill, of great size, recentlyl 
 erected by an enterprising citizen. In Central Ottawa are tliel 
 town-hall, the post-office, telegraph office and news-room, tol 
 which are attached a library and museum, the latter contain- 1 
 ing some very interesting geological specimens. In Upper Ot- 
 tawa are the Episcopal church and the office at which all the! 
 business connected with timber cut on the lands of the Crown! 
 is transacted. The banks of Upper Canada, British North! 
 America, Montreal, and Quebec have agencies in the city. 
 
 " During the summer months steamers run dally on the riverj 
 between Ottawa and Montreal, and between Ottawa and Kings-j 
 ton, by the way of Rideau Canal. A railway train leaves the! 
 city every day for Prescott, where those passengers who intendl 
 to go to Montreal change into the cars of the Grand Trunk line| 
 and so rench Montreal by railway. 
 
 •• Travelers who wish to proceed farther up the river can tak^ 
 
 a carnage or omuiuuB lux- .t.} unci , a pn;ttj rm-.v-: > 
 
 miles from Ottawa, between which place and Aylmer there is 
 an excellent turnpike road, where they will find a steameri 
 which takes them to the Chatts ; from this there is a railway 
 
OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 195 
 
 about two m.lGs; they then proceed by another steamer to 
 Portage du tort; here wagon.s are usecl for a short dirtance 
 and another steamer takes them to Pembroke, and again "?: 
 other from that point to Deux Joachim, where for th^piesent 
 Day|gat:on ceases for any thing larger than a canoe A raU- 
 rad IS under construction, extendi„| from Pembroke to Brock- 
 Tille, situated on the St. Lawrence River 
 
 •' Immediately below the city of Ottawa the river Rideau dis- 
 oharges in o the Ottawa, falling gently over the ed4 of a Ume 
 stone prec.pico like a beautifully transparent 'c'^^L^Vof^ 
 water, from which resemblance its^name E be n dS the 
 fcl IS divided into two portions by a small rocky ish nd wh ch 
 ad s greatly to the picturesqueness of the scene, 'ie RTdeau 
 falls are best seen from a boat. ^vmtau 
 
 " A mile lower it receives from the north its ereatest trib,, 
 Ury,the 6^a.m.«« which, with a course probabfy of four bun-' 
 dred and twenty miles, drains an area of twelve thousand sqwe 
 miles. For about two hundred miles the upper course of tW^ 
 
 S SiJveved "ttT" r?^^^^", country.^^tXfatthe 
 !!». A Tv- ^^ hundred and seventeen miles from its 
 Moutb the Gatineau is still a noble stream, a thousand feet 
 wide, diminished in depth, but not in width '"""'"^"^ ^e^t 
 
 "Eighteen --ailes lower down the Riviere au Liovre enters 
 
 LTv niL"7n'',' ''ir '"?"i"^. ^ ^-^"^^^ «f two hunlrerlnd 
 nly mi es in length and draining an area of four thousand 
 nc hundred miles. Fifteen miles below it the Ottawa receives 
 he North and South Nation rivers on either side, the former 
 mety-five and the latter a hundred miles in length. TweX 
 wo miles farther the river Rouge, ninety miles lon-r erSers 
 ^m the north. Twenty-one mibs lower the Riviere du Nord 
 
 i"h «v iust'"h^ ""'■}'' "' ^1"°.^^' '"'^'^ '^ - the same side,' 
 na lastly just above its mouth, it receives the river AssumD- 
 tiou which has a course of a hundred and thirty miles ^ 
 
 cffiffvT ? •? ^^V'^'^'/' navigable to Grenville, a distance 
 
 fifty-eight miles, where the rapids that occur for twelve mSes 
 
 are avoided by a succession of canals. Twenty-three mS 
 
 >wer,at one of the mouths of the Ottawa, a Jng e fock S 
 
 Old a slight rapid (St. Anne's Rapid), gives a p? sage in o 
 
 L e St. L, ,u,s, an expansion of the St. Lawrence aboie Montreal 
 
 Ihe reimtuimg half of the Ottawa's waters find their way 
 
 |S2 ni-\\' /'T' ^7 ?''""« '"^ *^^<> channels behind th^ 
 
 otemle Th'''^ '"'^^ ''^° ^'^«, *^^^"^' ^'^ "^ ^'^"''^'^ «f thirty! 
 !?V'"1''-.. \^'°y '^^f interrupted with rapids, still it is bv on« 
 
 iBout'^il' i'r"r ^i r ^^^!'^'' ^"'"^'^^ P'^^ses to market.' At 
 l»)«t de lisle, therefore, the Ottawa is finally merged in the 
 
196 
 
 OTTAWA RIVER. 
 
 " The most prominent characteristic of the Otiawa is its 
 great volume. Even above the town, -where it has to receiv; 
 tributaries equal to the Hudson, the Shannon, the Thames, the 
 Tweed, the Bpey, and the Clyde, it displays, when unconfined, 
 a width of half a mile of strong, boiling rapid ; and T,!ien at 
 the highest, while the north waters are passing, the volume. 
 by calculated approximation, is fully equal to that passing 
 Niagara — that is, double the common volume of the Ganges. 
 
 " Taking a bird's-eye view of the valley of the Ottawa, we 
 see spread out before us a country equal to eight times the State 
 of Vermont, or ten times that of Massachusetts, Avith its great 
 artery, the Ottawa, curving through it, resembling the Khiaej 
 in length of course, and the Danube in magnitude. 
 
 " This immense region overlies a variety of geological form- 
 ations, and presents all their characteristic features, from the! 
 level uniform surface of the Silurian system, which prevails 
 along a great extent of the Ottawa, to the rugged and roman- 
 tic ridges in the metamorphic and primitive formations, whicli 
 Btretch ftir away to the north and the northwest. I 
 
 " As far as our knowledge of the country extends, we find! 
 the greater part of it covered with a luxuriant growth of red! 
 and Avhite pine timber, making the most valuable forests in the} 
 world, abundantly intersected with large rivers, fitted to con- 
 vey the timber to market when manufactured. 
 
 "The remaining portion of it, if not so --/.aluabb' wooded,] 
 presents a very extensive and advantageous field for settlement. 
 Apart from the numerous townships already surveyed and partly I 
 settled, and the large tracts of good lar d interspersed througli-| 
 out the timber country, the great region on the upper coursJ 
 of the western tributaries of the OttaA/a, behind the red pinef 
 country, exceeds the State of New Hampshire in extent, Avithl 
 an fequal climate and superior soil. It is generally a beautilalj 
 undulating country. Avoided with a rich growth of maple, beech,! 
 birch, elm, etc., and watered with lakes and streams afforJinJ 
 numerous mill-sites and abounding in fish. Flanking on tlioj 
 one side the lumbering country, which presents an excellonJ 
 market for produce, and adjoining Lake Huron on the otlierl 
 the situation, though comparatively inland, is highly advuu-j 
 tageous. In the diversity of resources, the Ottawa couutnT 
 above described presents unusual attractions alike to agricul-f 
 tural and commercial enterprise." 
 
LAKE GEOPtGE, OR HORICON. 
 
 Tms romautio sheet of water, whose beauties are almost in- 
 describable, lies mostly in the county of Warren, N. Y., 27 
 miles north of Saratoga Springs. It is justly celebrated for its 
 Tailed and beautiful scenery, and for the transparency and 
 purity of Us waters. It is 36 miles long, north and south, and 
 froai two to three milts wide ; and is elevated 243 feet above 
 tii« tide-water of the Hudson, although its waters Sow north 
 iato Lake Champlain. It is surrounded by high and pictur- 
 esque hills, sometimes rising to mountain height, and dotted 
 with numerous islands, said to count as many as there are days 
 in the year ; some are of considerable size, and cultivated ; 
 while others arr only a barren rock, rising majestically out of 
 the surrounding wate; -s. The wild and romantic scenery of this 
 lake is nowhere surpassed. The bed of the lake is a handsome 
 yellowish sand, and tae water is so pure and transparent as to 
 m'hv the bottom visible from 30 to 40 feet. Here the delicious 
 salmon -trout, that weigh from five to twenty pounds, are found 
 in great numbers, and of the finest quality. Silver trout, brook 
 trout, pike, pickerel, perch, and several other kinds of fresh 
 water fish, are also abundant. Travelers on the tour from the 
 Springs to Canada should not fail to visit Lake George ; by the 
 French called Lac Sacrament, on account of the purity of its 
 waters. The steamboat •« Minnehaha" runs through' the lake, 
 from Caldwell to the landing near the village of Ticonderoga,' 
 whence stages run to Fort Ticonderoga, at the steamboat land- 
 "ig on Lake Champlain ; where steam passage boats, on their 
 route from Whitehall to Burlington and Rouse's Point, touch 
 ilaily during the season of navigation. This route is v.aried ia 
 soenery, and deeply interesting in historical incidents. 
 
 The romantic village of Caldwell, lying at the south end 
 of the lake, contains a court-house and jail, two churches, and 
 
 MA. 
 % 
 
 't 
 
 1*1 
 
 ntlitti 
 
198 
 
 LAKE GEORGE, OR IIORICON. 
 
 a number of handsome private residences, besides Fort William 
 Henry Hotel and the Lake House, two popular public houses, 
 which are usually thronged with fashionable visitors during the 
 
 Bummer months. 
 
 " Lalie George abounds with small ond beautiful islands. 
 among the most important of which are Diamond Is and, Tea 
 Island, an.l Long Island. Rogers Uock or Slide, and Anthony 3 
 Nose, the former on the west and the latter on the east side, are 
 two precipices worthy of note. Howe's Landing, just behuid an 
 island at the outlet of the lake, denotes the spot where the un- 
 fortunate expedition of Abercrombie landed, and derives iU 
 name from Lord ^lowe, who accompanied and leil in that ex- 
 
 ^*^"'Ss lake and its vicinity has been the scene of several im- 
 portant battles. One which has been generally known as the 
 Battle of Lake Georire, was fought at the head ot the lake in 
 1755, between the French under the Baron Dieskau, and the 
 English under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attiicked the Lnglis 1 
 in their encampment, but was defeated and slain, ihe loss o^ 
 the English was 130 slain, and that ot the French about <U0. 
 
 " The most shocking transaction in the vicinity ot this lake 
 was the Massacre at Fort William Henry in l'^'-/^ ^^[itish 
 and Provincial army having been collected at tor Edward and 
 Fort William Henry under Gen. Webb, for the reduction ot the 
 French works on Lake Champlain, the French sent a large amy 
 up the lake under Gen. Montcalm, for their delense ben. 
 Webb, then at Fort William Henry, learmng from iMaj. I utnam 
 that this force had entered Lake George, returned immediate y 
 to Fort Edward, and the day following sent tol Monroe, mth 
 his regiment, to reinforce the garrison at the lake. I lie day 
 after Monroes arrival the French appeared at the tort, laid 
 sien-e to it, and demanded its surrender. Ihe garrison, con- 
 sisUng of 2,500 men, defended tiiemselves w-'-. much bravery 
 for several days, with the expectation ot succor ^roi" I'^JJ^J 
 ward. Eut as none came, Monroe was obliged on the th ot 
 August to capitulate. By the articles of capitulation all the 
 pubhc property was to be delivered to Montcalm, and the gar- 
 ?ison were to march out with their arms and baggage, and t 
 be escorted to Fort Edward, on condition of not serving against 
 the French within the period of eighteen mo^t ,is- 
 
 - The garrison had no sooner marched out oi the fort lian a 
 
 „+• ,>.vH(iv and bnvbaritv commenced, which it is inipos- 
 
 sSlTlbr&mige to describe. Regardless of the articles ot 
 camtulatiou!t^ to the French army tell upon 
 
 * See Tbomi sou's Vermont, Part II., page 8. 
 
LAKE GEORGE, OR HORICON. 
 
 199 
 
 Ifedefpuseless soldiers, plundering and murdering all that fell 
 I'fflttieir way. The French offiocM-s wore idle spectators of this 
 , scene ; nor could all thu entreaties of Monroe persuade 
 Itliem to furnish the promised escort. On that fatal day about 
 |!,30<) of the EngLsh were either murdered by the savages or 
 Iwrried by them into captivity never to return. 
 I "The day following these horrid transactions, Mdjor Putnam 
 lias dispatched from Fort Edward with his rangers to watch 
 lite motions of the enemy. He reached Lake Geor<re just after 
 liierear of the enemy had left the shore, and the scene which 
 lias presented he describes as awful indeed. « The fort was 
 iBtirely destroyed; the barracks, out-houses, and buildings 
 liere a heap of ruins— the cannon, stores, boats, and vessels 
 ■we all carried away. The fires were still burning— the smoke 
 Icl stench offensive and suflFocating. Innumerable fragments 
 ifliuman skulls, and bones and carcasses half consumed, were 
 ffl frying and broiling in the decaying fires. Dead bodies 
 BDgled with scalping-knives and tomahawks, in all the Avan- 
 ^"Jiess of Indian barbarity, were everywhere to be seen. ]\Iore 
 JilOO women, butchered and shockingly mangled, lay upon 
 [ground still weltering in their gore. Devastation, barbar- 
 ',and horror everywhere appeared; and the spectacle pre- 
 Btedwas too diabolical and awful either to be endured or 
 scribed.' " 
 
 li 
 
 STEAMER ON LAKE GEORGE. 
 
 [Anew steamboat is being built on Lake George in the place 
 jthe John Jay, burned in July last. She is 145 feet long 
 t;l26feet wide. The boiler and furnace are placed in com- 
 irtments, incased in iron, entirely fire-proof, no expanse being 
 hd in order to make her a beautiful and safe passenger boat. 
 [Her name, " Minne-ha-ha," a romantic one, is selected 
 p great appropriateness from Longfellow's Hiawatha •' 
 
 "With him dwelt his dark-eved daughter, 
 Wayward as the Minnehaha; 
 With her moods of shade and sunshine, 
 Eyes that frowned and smiled alternate. 
 Feet as rapid as the river, 
 Tresses flowing like tiie water, 
 And as musical a laughter ; 
 And he named her from the river, . 
 From the waterfall he named her 
 Minne-ha-ha— if(/ ughing icater.^' 
 
200 
 
 FALLS OF TICONDEROGA. 
 
 The Falls of Ticonderoga, situated on the outlet of Lakt 
 George, are well worthy the attention of tourists. Here aro 
 two important cascades within the distance of two or three 
 miles, surrounded by mountain scenery of great historic in- 
 terest. The Upper Falls, near the village of Alexandria, are 
 formed by a succession of descents of upward of 200 foet witliia 
 the distance of a mile, affording water-power unsurpassed In 
 any other locality in the State for safety and a steady flow of I 
 water, the stream not being aubject to freshets. The Lownl 
 Fall, in the village of Ticonderoga, has a perpendicular fall of I 
 80 feet, boin^ much used for hydraulic purposes. The ruini 
 of old Fort Ticonderoga, two miles below this place, aro si;u-| 
 ated on a point of land at the entrance of the outlet of Lakoj 
 George into Lake Champlain, standing on an eminence of abouti 
 60 foet, overlooking the lake ; the ruins are plainly visiblo fron 
 the water, presenting a conspicuous and interesting objectJ 
 About 1,800 yards southwest stands Mount Defiancf, mmi 
 750 feet above the lake, overlooking and commanding thesiti 
 of Fort Ticonderoga. A public house, for the accommodatioij 
 of visitors, stands near the steamboat landing. 
 
 DISTANCES FROM CALDWELL TO ALBANT, via SAR.VTOO^ 
 
 8PUIN0S. 
 
 CALDWELL 
 
 Glenn's Falls, Stage. . 
 Morcau Station " . . 5 
 
 SarATOOA Si'RINfSS. .15 
 
 Sallatou Spa. 7 
 
 Mechnnicsvlll'j 13 
 
 Junction Albany R.R. 
 
 WaterfnrJ 2 
 
 Cohoos 1 
 
 Troy 8 
 
 ALIi.VNT 6 
 
 ALBANY 
 
 9 Troy G 
 
 14 Cohoos 3 
 
 29 Waterford 1 
 
 80 Junction Albany H.Il 2 
 
 49 Meohanicsvillo 6 
 
 5.') BallstonSpa 13 
 
 57 Saratooa SPRINGS: , 7 
 
 58 Moreau Station 15 
 
 01 Glenn's Fulls, .S/fl<^'fi.. 6 
 
 67 CALDWELL " .0 
 
I-AKE CIIAMPLAI.Y. 
 
 'a 9ARATO0 
 
 
 
 
 • • • * 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 * • • • 
 
 1 1 
 
 r 11. 11 
 
 2 1 
 
 
 G 1 
 
 .... 
 
 13 ' 
 
 y.Q9 . 
 
 1 
 
 . • • * 
 
 15 i 
 
 tnge. 
 
 5 1 
 
 t 
 
 9 ! 
 
 Mt, through which run. ihX T "^ ^ "'"^ '^^^ ^cr* 
 
 .Wvo mile in ;dH',:''7'"',"°"'°" ■""■'« ■"■ '» 
 
 U a number :tZlXZuZZ^,% °[T'' """^ 
 ".t. r™ WhitohaU t Crown Ctttt'lll °°'.'° ^"^ 
 ". but horo it bcrin, f„ , '" " 1''"« »»'■- 
 
 h it »Foad, to it. gritc^t .Tdt !^:;,!ri"°''""' 
 
 h«»te Lake Champlain i,,„,,„,;;;° " 00 ton, burden, 
 
 "lie, or Bicbolicu llivor it, „„,,„ f ' '""'° ''»""' "'» 
 
 ■*.ro steamboat navig t L; ealT 't If r , "■'' '•'""""''■ 
 l» ffliles. Tbis lake i. ,, ™' " '"'"' J's'"""" of about 
 
 ■W» south, a dist^ue^ T: , ° "-^rf"- '•°"»'. "Woh 
 I'Koter of Lako f;i,am,.i ■ , ^ " "PP™""!! near 
 
 -option; the l.oadlaudX, :,ri ,1": "'™' P'f"™,- 
 
 ;' «■« vast r„„g« or n,„„,„.in, o„ :■„ r ^de'™ t r'*' 
 "imnnlie. Tb» i.:....-.. - ."".'""^ »'*'. "ro truly gra„.| 
 
 ^"""1' 'lump, IS soon on tho east »l,fl„ .u 
 
 '"" '"""^ '-""s" »f ■»-'-■. peak»;.b. ^,,;:i'J; 
 
202 
 
 LAKE CIIAMPLAIN. 
 
 group, contains the highest land in the State of New YorkJ 
 rising in some places to the height of 5,000 feet and upward] 
 abounding with iron ore and timber of large growth. la tliJ 
 streams which flow into this lake are frequent waterfalls ofl 
 great beauty ; and the fine headlands, with numerous indentaT 
 tions and bays of singular beauty, only need to be seen to b| 
 admired. Its waters- are well stored with salmon, salmon troutj 
 sturgeon, pickerel, and other fish. 
 
 " Lake Champlain was discovered by Samuel Cliamplain id 
 July, 16(19, having founded the colony of Quoboc in Ju08; )i 
 June, 180'.),' he, with a number of French and Imhans, pro 
 oeeded in a shallop up the St. Lawrence and r.vor Iroqu(< 
 now Richelieu, till stopped by the Chambly Rapids. I roni tlJ 
 place ho determined to proceed in Indian canons, but til 
 Frenchmen manifested great reluctance, and only two woull 
 boparsuadod to accompany him. With these and about s,xtj 
 of the natives, having transported tlieir canoes by tlie rapulsol 
 the 2d of July, and, proceeding southward, on the 4tb ot Jull 
 he entered the lake J 
 
 •' Champ LAIN and his party proceeded along tlic west slmrj 
 advancing by water during the night and retinn?? into thi 
 forests by day, to avoid being discovered by the Irofiuois, tx 
 tween whom and the Canada Indians a war was then oirned od 
 As they drew near the enemy's country they procc ^Unl wi^ 
 Rreat caution, but on the liDth of July, in the evoirng.ty 
 fell in with a largo war party of the Iroquois. Roth piirtij 
 drew up to the shore, and the night was spent in preparatij 
 for battle, and in singing and taunting each oth -r. In tl| 
 morning an engagement took place, but the b ronchmmi beiii 
 armed with muskets, it was decided in favor of Chanipbiin aj 
 his party, a largo number of the Iroquois being slam .indsert 
 ral taken prisoners. With these they returned imnioaiatcB 
 to their shallop. Champlain says that this battle wiis tougl 
 in lat. 4a •^ and some minutes, and the place is supFHCt i 
 have boon on the went shore of Lake Oeorgo. Ihe presfl 
 name of LakoChampb.in was given by its discoverer during 
 first visit. f\8 he iiabrms us in his journal. lU wa^ j 
 drowned in its waters, ns has been sometimes said, but aiwj 
 Quebec in 10:15. One of the Indian names of this m^ Jl 
 i*!-ta>iui,Bimquv. signify Ing altornnto land and watfr, lUJii'l 
 ■ion to the numerous islands an«l projecting points of wj 
 Another is said to have been Vuniailni-Uuaruitte, signitvii 
 the mouth or door of the country. 1 f so. it was very nVP^prnj 
 as it forms tljo P-aH-wav botirccn the country ou tho tot. wi 
 
LAKR CHAMPLAIN". 
 
 203 
 
 r^ l5q ^"rlf f "'''r\^"L^' ^^ *^'« l-ike commenced running 
 
 ffllM).) Ihe ////<- boats have always been favor-iblv knnw? 
 
 lotravelers either for business or nli,«n «% *? -^ ''^^ 
 
 Lhich they bave been managea-tti'i nTa^ .'^^ "!'T'' ^" 
 
 Lnnce--obliging an<l atteSio ^l^rr^^^/effid^nrlr 
 
 I.U present there are daily bnes to nnd from Wl! j n i 
 
 K..e-s I>o:nt .toppin, at Ti-Lndc-ogl 1^ litSn • IS uS 
 
 inJmtcuuue.liatephtces, connecting vviththo^oriourrS 
 
 I «.,.y,/.,;,^ Canal connects the waters of the Hudson with 
 IkkeChamplain. It is (U miles long, 40 feet wi<Ie at the top and 
 ■Sat the bottom, with a navigable/..,/., at Sandy Mill ] 1 .n-'ieg 
 
 li?f f • n' f ' /r':' '' '^ '' '"*• l^'^^ '"-- ^^- "»dson. 
 feet fall to the lake. 54; was begun in 1810, finished in 
 
 |1. and cost $ .079.872. The route of this canal is interest- 
 
 f ?on account of its passing through a section of cor.ntry ren- 
 
 iered memc^ able by important military operation.. It pa.ses 
 
 kpart along the line of Burgoyne's advance from Lake Thnm- 
 
 ^».n-near the scene of his principal battlcs-nnd of his final 
 
 "wremlor. It passes near Fort Miller -Fort Edward-the 
 
 J.tw!H.re Miss M'Crea wns murdered-Fort Anne-the trc- to 
 
 ftich Ocn. Putnam was bound in 1 757, etc. 
 
 iifl.iT OF TirR riuyciPAt Morx- 
 
 |»»l)hTAIN KaNUE. 
 
 Rii ,..r N„rth Ponk, Mans- 
 
 >lil McHiiitair. 4,279 ft 
 
 N<*l'«l|iuiin, Huntlnglon 4'ik;) "" 
 
 Fi'«'itl»iiry Moutiluiii. ... 4,t»S(} " 
 
 l'%"rs„„tliro„k,Mnns. 
 
 I'll McMindiin .... 8 99,9 h 
 
 liiinKi,,,, |',.„|t, Hh(>rliiirri«'» 8[9'2i " 
 
 nii'iov Mouniaiii u„..- 
 
 Il'"'''*"f; '..'.'.7.'. 8.7(1(1 " 
 
 ■«"ine)' Mt,, Wlndfior. . . . 8,320 •• 
 Burfai-o of Lakr ('[fampi.ain, 
 '' Lakk Ukukos 
 La KB Ontabi. 
 
 Al.TITtTnR op THE PftlNnpAT, MoUN- 
 TAINS NoRTIIKtlN }iKW YoHK- 
 Adirondaok (JllOtJP. 
 
 Mount \fnrpr, f 1 r 4,17 „ 
 
 Mount Mvin. Essex ) ' ^ " 
 
 tire — • • . -! in t>w " 
 
 Mount McMar. ] County. | 
 
 T^."r»r ■•:■.•• •■ J SOfX^ " 
 
 J'inl iMountJiln 4 oitn " 
 
 WhltcfawMt. S" 
 
 Miitini Hrwaru.Krmiklin Co. 4,tKN) " 
 
 Mount Lyon, Clinton Co. .. 4,000 •• 
 
 »''f'^e •1«'« POfrct. 
 
 .«•<« '• 
 
 " 884 '• 
 
 w I 't M 
 
 H ' 
 
204 
 
 LIST OF STEAMERS, ETC. 
 
 LtST OF STEAMERS BUILT AND RTTNNING ON L.VKE CHAM 
 
 PLAIN SINCE 1809. 
 
 lUil't Nnrne. *TnrR. Whe'e hnllt. ncmnrk^. 
 
 1809'. .Vermont* 167. .Burlington, Vt.-sunk Oct. 1^15 
 
 1S15. .Phcenix (Ist) 836. . Vergennes, Vt-burn Sept., Isl!). 
 
 181T. .Champlain 12S. . Vergennes, Vt.-burnt 1»U. 
 
 1S19. .Congress 209. . Vergennes, Vt.-broken up. 
 
 IS^O Phoenix (2d) 346.. Vergennes, Vt.—brolfen up. 
 
 13'25'.'.Gcn. Greene 1:!5.. Burlington, Vt.-brolcen up. 
 
 13'T Franklin .S12 . . St. Albans, Vt.-broken up. 
 
 "' .■."Washington 134. .Essex, N. Y.-br'>ken up. 
 
 1323..M'Donough 133.. St. Albans, Vt.-lost 1841. 
 
 1332 Winooski. 159. .Burlington, \ t.-oroken up. 
 
 ii ' ■ "Water- Witch 107 . . Fort Cassin, Vt.— changed to schoouen 
 
 1337* Burlington 482..SheIburne, Vt.-broken up. 
 
 18.38. : Whitehall 1 461 . . Whitehall, N Y. -broken up. 
 
 1343 Saranae 831.. Shelbume, Vt.-broken up. 
 
 " Bouquet 81.. Essex, N. Y. 
 
 1345'. '.Francis Saltus 373.. Whitehall, N. Y. 
 
 1847. .United States B66. .Shelbume, Vt. 
 
 " . .Ethan Allen 500 Shelburno, Vt. 
 
 1851 . .Bostoa 219 . ■Shelbume, Vt. 
 
 1353. .America S?!" "S ' 'N^" ' m v 
 
 lf53.. Canada 718.. Whitehall, N. Y. 
 
 1356. .Montreal ^16. .Shelbume, \ t. 
 
 " . . Oliver Basoom 860 . . Whitehall, N. Y. 
 
 STEAMERS BUILT ON LAKE GEORGE. 
 
 flnlU NnniP Where built, Reniaikg. 
 
 1817. .Caldwell, (Ist) Tlcordcroga-burnt 1321. 
 
 1824. .Mountaineer Caldwell condemned 18.37. 
 
 1888 . .Caldwell, (2d) Ticonderoga-broken up. 
 
 1862.. John Jay.. burnt, July, ISSfl. 
 
 1857. .Mln-nc-ha-ha CaldwoU. 
 
 AMERICAN STEAMERS RUNNING ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN, IMI | 
 (DAY AND NIGHT LINK.') 
 Name Tons. From and To. 
 
 AatERiCA, Capt. Flagg .... 081 Whitohall to Uurhngtonand 
 
 Rouse's I'oint. ' 
 
 Canada, Capt. DiiviB 718 *' *| " 
 
 Unitkd States.. 5t>6 
 
 Capt. Wm. Anderson. , , , , 
 
 Francih Galtuh 3T3 Whitehall to Plaltaburgli. 
 
 vf..«.^»..4j |. ri.,.tnlw.rlii» 4 1 »» Rurlinffton to Plattshurjjli 
 ilouQUKT, Cnpt. IJarkcv ... Bl I'lattHburghtoSt. Albans,\t.j 
 BoHToN, Capt. lliuklo/ 219 Burlington to House s Pomt | 
 
 ""• Bull7and nin by Capt. John Winants. Fare |7 IVom Whitch.n!l ! 
 St. John's, Cai . 
 
8TE MBOAT AND TIAILROAD ROUTES. 
 
 205 
 
 FR RIGHT BOATS. 
 
 Ethan Allen, Capt Wright, 500 AViiitehall to St. John's Can 
 Oliver Cascom, " Eldridgo, 3 JO " " 
 
 Jiimes II Hooker, Propeller .* u 
 
 TO BUELINGTON, HOUSE'S POINT, AND MONTREAL. 
 
 Stations, etc. Miles. 
 
 Montreal, Can o 
 
 St. John's, " . . . . 21 
 
 House's Point, N. Y.. '. 23-44 
 
 Plattsburgh, " . . 25-69 
 
 Port Kent, " . . ]6-84 
 
 TUrRLIVGTON, Vt. . 10-94 
 
 Essex, N.Y 14-108 
 
 ;>estport, '« 12-120 
 
 Landings, etc. 
 
 Whitehall, N. Y. 
 
 B?nson, Vt 
 
 i Orwell, " ....... 
 
 T'oonfleroga, N. Y. . 
 
 Lan bee's Point, Vt. 
 
 Crown Point, N. Y. . 
 
 Port Honry, '« 
 [ "'ostport, " 
 
 feex, " 
 
 Bl-rli.vgtoiv, Vt 
 SPortKent, N. Y...".";; 16-80 
 
 Plattsburgh, *« 15-101 
 
 \ Rome's Point, N. Y. . 25-120 
 
 *"!. John's, Can 23-149 
 
 [Montreal, " 21-170 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 7-20 
 
 4-24 
 
 1-25 
 
 8 33 
 
 8-41 
 
 9-;')0 
 
 12-02 
 
 14-70 
 
 Port Hen vy, N. Y 9-129 
 
 Crown Point, " 8-137 
 
 Larabee's Point, Vt. . . 8-145 
 
 Ticon'leroga, N. Y. . . . 1-146 
 
 Orwell, Vt 4-150 
 
 Benson, " . 7-1.57 
 
 w ' 
 
 ,. „ , HITEHALL, N. Y. . . 13-170 
 
 UiTAL Time from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, 9 hours. 
 
 p f"^''. $3 00 
 
 .< Pvouse s Point to Montreal, 2 hours. 
 
 Through Fare 4 qq 
 
 EAILROAD ROUTE FROM WHITEHALL TO ALBANY. 
 Stations. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 WIIITEIFALL 
 
 Fort Anne .... 11 
 
 F'.rt Kfiwnni...'..' .■.■;. ■;;;;;;■;•• {2 
 
 1 
 
 Moreau Station 
 
 Saratoga Springs. ... 15 
 
 BuUstonSpa 
 
 MoclinnicaYill 
 W (Iter ford . . 
 Troy . 
 ALBANY.'.".' 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 Usual Time. 3, J hours. Faro, $2 38. 
 
 Total Miles. 
 
 
 
 .. 11 
 
 .. 28 
 
 .. 24 
 
 .. 89 
 
 .. 46 
 
 , . 59 
 
 ,. 67 
 
 . 71 
 
 . 77 
 
206 
 
 WHITEHALL. 
 
 The village of Whitehall., 77 miles north of Albany by 
 railroad route, is situated in a narrow valley at the head 
 of Lake Champlain, and at the junction of the Champlain 
 Canal with the lake, being a secure and important naval 
 station in time of war. The village was incorporated in 1820, 
 and now contains four churches, three hotels, a bank, 30 stores 
 of dififerent kinds, several storehouses, and extensive forwavdin-r 
 houses; two ship-yards and two dry docks, where are built au J 
 repaired steamboats, lake craft, and canal boats ; machine-shops 
 brick-yards, tanneries, and other manufacturing establislimenU 
 Population about 4,000. 
 
 Besides the daily line of stoamci's running from AVhitoliall to 
 Burlington, Plattsburgh, and Rouse's Point on the n -tli, tlia 
 Saratoga and Whitehall Railroad extends 40 miles south, to 
 Saratoga Springs, and a branch railroad exten Is east to Rut- 
 land, Vt., connecting with the Rutland and Burlington Rail- 
 road, thus forming speedy facilities for reaching New York ami 
 Boston by railroad routes. 
 
 In the immediate vicinity of Whitehall are high and ruasrel 
 hills, while to the south lies the valley formed by Wood Creek, 
 heading near the banks of the Hudson. Through this val'.oy, 
 during the old French War of 1759, and the Revolutionary War 
 of 1770, the French, the Bi-itish, and the American armios 
 each marshaled their forces pi*eparatory to attack, or on their 
 retreat This place was formerly called Skecnoihoroif^h. 
 The Indian name was said to be Kah-sha-quah-na, or place 
 where dip fish. Here, during the Revolutionary War, for a 
 time, was the rendezvous of the American forces; this point 
 and Lake George being the only two accessible approaches from 
 IJanada, by the invading foe, under Oon. Burgoyne. Iloro. too, 
 •luring the old French Wur, (Jen. Putnam distinguished him 
 Kclf , both in battle and in an adroit escape from Indian foes, har- 
 ing, it is said, plungod into the lake about one mile north of 
 Skeenoaborough, and .swam his horse to the opposite shore, thus 
 eluding their pursuit. Peaceful pursuits and pleasure now 
 render this place a great thoroughfare 
 
 This excursic 
 
TRIP FROM WHITEHALL TO BURLIXGTON AXD 
 ROUSE'S POmT. 
 
 This excursion, during the summer months, is the most ^rand 
 and interesting of any of similar extent in North America- 
 passing through a romantic lake, with high mountains in the 
 distance, and past scenes- rendered classic by their associations 
 with events that occurred during the old French and Revolu- 
 tionary wars. 
 
 On leaving the new steamboat wharf, about one mile north of 
 Whitehall, an interest is at once excited in the breast of all 
 mteihgent travelers. The hills rise abruptly to the height of 
 several hundred feet, while the lake or outlet of Wood Creek is 
 hemmed in for several miles by rocky cliffs. The Elbow, the 
 ^arrows, the PiUpit, and other names, are given to the most 
 interesting points. 
 
 Bknson 13 miles below Whitehall, is the first steamboat 
 landing Here the waters begin to widen to about half a mile 
 m width. 
 
 Orwkll, seven miles farther, is another steamboat landing 
 Here the lake widens from one to two miles. 
 
 TicoNDEuoGA, 24 miles north of Whitehall, and four miles 
 oa^t of the foot of Lake George, is a sacred and romantic spot, 
 w ere IS a convenient steamboat landing and a good hotel, be- 
 sides the celebrated ruins of the old Fort. 
 
 Fort TicoNDEROGA.-Tho ruins of this old fortification are 
 ^'tuated in the town of Ticonderoga, Essex Co.. on the west side 
 Lake Champlain, at the entrance of the outlet of Lake Georce 
 - ..... ,,.,,,^ ^, rtiiiionaii. liiis piaco was originally called 
 u^^-on.der.o.fra by the Indians, signifying, in their language. 
 nom, and applied to the falls in the outlet of Lake vK^orge • jt^ 
 name was afterward slightly changed by the French mU> its 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
2 OS 
 
 wniTEriALL TO rouse's point. 
 
 present appellation, which it has borne ever since it was fii-st 
 occupied and fortified by them in 1756. The fort was at fmi 
 named Fort Carillon, but afterward called Fort Ticonderca 
 by the English and Americans This fortification cost the 
 French government a large sum of money, and was considere 1 
 rery strong, both by nature and art. It stands on a point of 
 land elevated 70 feet above Lake Champlain, being surrouiifle] 
 on three sides by water, and on the northwest it was defenaed 
 by strong breastworks. Mount Independence, on the opposite I 
 or east side of the lake, was also fortified, and some of the in- 
 trenchments fere still visible, elevated 110 feet above the lake, 
 and overlooking the peninsula of Ticonderoga. After several | 
 sanguinary conflicts in this vicinity, and under the very walls 
 of the fort, in which several thousand lives were sacrificed, this 
 important military position was tamely evacuated by the French 
 in 1759, and given up to the British army under Lord Amherst; 
 who retained possession until it was taken by surprise by Col. I 
 Ethan Allen, of the American army, in 1775. lie is said to 
 have entered the fort througli a subterraneous passage from the 
 south, extending to the lake ; surprising the commandant in his 
 bed before he was aware of his danger, and in his characteristic 
 way required the officer to surrender. He asked to whom .'I 
 " Why, to Jehovah and the Continental Congress, to be sure," \ 
 was his laconic reply. In 1777, the British army, under Gsn, 
 Burgoyne, on their route to Saratoga, appeared in array before 
 Ticonderoga, when Gen. St. Clair, the American comnmndor, 
 was forced to evacuate; the enemy having erected a battery on 
 Mount D> fiance, in the rear, elevated 720 feet above the lake, 
 which overlooked and completely commanded this fortification, 
 ndiich was before considered almost impregnablj; it then re- 
 mained in the hands of tlie British until the close of the war 
 Since that time it has been sufl'ered to go to decay, andnoTrj 
 presents one of the most interesting ruins of the kind in thijf 
 country, and is annually visited by a great number of travelerr 
 Near by, delightfully situated on the lake shore, is a well-kcj' 
 hotel for the accommodation of visitors. Here steamboats, dui- 
 
WniTKUALL TO ROUSk's Point 
 
 209 
 
 ing the season of navigation, daily land an.l receive passengers 
 on their route from Whitehall to Rouse's Point 
 The following account of the hkk :.vr or th. Bhitish at 
 rco.v.KKoa. ,. 1759, is taken from the '^^fen^oirs ofZ 
 ^i"i-nmn Lady," y^ritton by Mrs. Grant: 
 
 l^llllors/on'tl^^^^^^^ Abercrombie, crossed 
 
 They proceeded in four colum fj to tS'"^ without opposition, 
 aspectacle unprocedeTt: U™ New Z H'^ir/ ""''^l'^-'"^ 
 
 coufus-on T»,o „ 1 ^ , *^^''^'^' •'^"'l occas bned much 
 
 «M»fopinionXtitiSl,„ t ?'';''°': "■'"' '" "-"Konnoiter 
 
 '■•1 Oo r„ (Lhlra XhK "P"i™oo nn.l mUitary kill, 
 , nm. „ "° 741" ™S ?' "■? «■'"_ »"»<". and of tho %ur. 
 
 * than ':Si,'"rv"e i^zs^i^^^^Tv^h-^P^ 
 
 *.a„. a.chargo ofoanni rLal't-^/irriUStoa 
 
210 
 
 WH TRPIALL TO ROUSE S POINT. 
 
 which it was impossible for them to raak« the least iinpression. 
 ('•en. Abarcrorabie saw the fruitless waste of bloo<l that was 
 every liuur increasing, and orderti a retreat, whicli was vory 
 precipitate; so much so. that they crossed the lake, ami re- 
 ;.r lined their camp on the other side, the same night. Two 
 thousand men were killed, wcanded, or taken in thistlis istroug 
 engagement; which was, however, quickly succeedcl by tlie 
 dear-bought conquest of Quebec, where fell both the riv.il com- 
 manders, Woi-FK and Montc.\lm." 
 
 Mount Defiance, about ono mile southwest of Fort Ticon- 
 dei'oga, on the south side of the outlet to Lake George, is a bold 
 promontory, elevated about 800 feet above the level of the lake 
 While the asceiit from the water or eastern face is quite steep 
 and difficult, the approach from the west is easy. It was from 
 this quarter that Gen. Burgoyne, in 1777, ascended this moun- 
 tain and planted several pieces of artillery— obliging the Amer- 
 icans to evacuate the fort, waich was before considered almost 
 impregn.able. The top of this eminence gives a grand view of 
 Lake Champlain and the surrounding country, and is well 
 worthy of a visit, which can easily be accomplished on foot. 
 
 The village of Ticonderoga, two miles west of Lake Cham- 
 plain, is situated on the outlet of Lake George, whei'e is a thriv- 
 ing settlement, surrounded by picturesque mountain scenerj'. 
 One or two miles farther west, on the road to Lake George, is 
 situated another village, called Upper Tironderoga, or Jllex- 
 anthill. Here is a most beautiful fall of water, atfordinsr im- 
 mense hydraulic power, a small part of which is only used for 
 propelling machinery. The steamboat landing, at the foot of 
 Lake George, is about one mile west of the latter place, the 
 whole distance to Lake Champlain being four miles. The dis- 
 tance to Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, is 36 miles. 
 
 LAnABKK's PoixT, Vt., ouB mile from the landing at Fort 
 Ticonderoga, on the opposite side of the lake, is a regular steam- 
 boat landing. Here the lake expands from one to two miles in 
 width. 
 
 Chimney Point, nine miles north of Ticonderoga, is alsa 
 another landing on the east side of the lake, although not now 
 frequented by the steamers. 
 
WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 211 
 
 English, in 1759, tSs se?demen Lf ).'"*^ ^^l ^^"^« «^ the 
 
 .ains of the chi^nejs ttTttjhld't^^^^^^^^^ r- 
 
 robably suggested to the first jfnS Sw, .», ^"*'.' 
 
 W(w«^y Po//i^ Thp s'fnn^ ,«,« J Vi ^®^"<^rs the name of 
 
 uhaving live or sij small cnnnnnm™, . j ■'?"'.''"''"■'*• Md 
 rtich 1ms been STOnoscd to h„" -v '" '' '" "*''• '"»'' 
 
 «t probably a flTrtaee ZJI"" "T". '? ""■» P»'"'. "••" 
 rt.t is called GviKv/iS?"";,." ""''*'''' ''^ "« ''™»' of 
 
 I , „ f • , """"^ "'° ""= '"'" ■• *e embankments are 
 - le and .nd.cate an immense amonnl of labor e^pendedto 
 U.erth,s point invnlnerable to an approaching foe Jtehe^ 
 hyland or water; yet it was taken bV »nrprise at the c« 
 Mcement of the Revolutionary st.u-i 
 
 pa'S''Shnty tuefif S T ? >^"- »" 
 Frederick iuaurenis thr?rn?i L f '^^- ^'-e<^^ric/c, from 
 
 place the Fro2\%*"a^"?LnT^^^^^ .^* *^- 
 
 colonial wars, sent out theif parties o? Frl?? ^t',^"rmg the 
 estroy the frontier Eno-lish seScment', nrfr^' ^"'^ ^''^^^^ t<^ 
 .bit.uts When Kalm vtited' rs%?tnT4^'T. *^' '"■ 
 wnsKlerable settlement around the for with It n *^!^*^ ^^« 
 girdens. AVithin the fort was a nen miY ? ^f -cultivated 
 has built upon the brow of Islepn W J ^ f, ''^JT^*- '^'''« f«rt 
 fctance from the Tter anrth^. ^ -^ V^^^^ 
 covered way, ovens, e?ca?estmt.T'''°' ^^J*' bomb-proof 
 
 llilapidated state. Wie sCll c rcle to t\r'°\V^'"^^ ^" '^ ^^''^ 
 J«otes the site of GrenadS Sitv 1 f^^^tl^east of this de- 
 
 Wograms to the soutW of the StoTtl^ ^Ti? '"^"^^^ P'^^'^^^" 
 two strong redoubts P^'^'^*'' ^^^ situation of 
 
 i» i?5^^'tLTr:S1btl^[if Lr;7r^- «-• ^^-h-t. 
 
 |»orth end of the hike ASrstto"'' ^".^ """^'^'^ *« ^^e 
 
 lastoad of repairinc. t],e old wo?ti h '"^^^^''^^e possession, but 
 
 called C>oJ Poi,rt:^LZ^;i'^^^^^^ ^Wch was 
 
 l-u more commanding ground '' This fortwT ^^''' ""^ ^"'S^*'' 
 
 k«en. e./endc<,'S- no* /ei'tht-^To'^S^ Jf^rlfn*'* 
 
 ■ o* 
 
 ' )Jl.V.' ' i 
 
212 
 
 WHITEHALL TO RHUSE S POIT'T. 
 
 " This fort was taken by surpriss by a party of Green Moun- 
 tain Boys, under Seth Warner, on the same day that Ticondo- 
 roga surrendered to Ethan Allen. 
 
 '* The width of the peninsula upon which these works stood \i\ 
 one mile, and is in no part much elevated above the site of the 
 principal fort, but there is a consideral)le mountain on thewestl 
 side of IJulwagga Bay, the nearest summit of which is only ]|| 
 miles from the fort, and elevated 400 feet above it. The higliesti 
 is distant 2:| miles, and elevated 900 feet. The whole peninsula 
 is made up of dark limestone, covered in most parts with only 
 a slight depth of earth, so that works upon it can not be assailed 
 by regular advances. The width between Crown Point anl 
 Chimney Point is only about half a mile. From Crown Poind 
 to Split Rocli? the average width of the lake is about three an(| 
 a half miles." 
 
 Port Henry, on the west side of the lake, is situated oil 
 Cedar Point, at the mouth of 'Rulwa^ga Bay, which scparatoa 
 Crown Point from the mainland. Here are the works of th^ 
 Port Henry Iron Compuny, witu iron ore of good quality iij 
 the vicinity. 
 
 Westport, 50 miles north of Whitehall, is situated od 
 Northwest Bay, on the west side of Lake Champlain. It conj 
 tains 700 or 800 inhabitants, and is a thriving place. A Lorsi 
 ferry-boat here plies across the lake, running to Basin Harbor 
 Vermont. 
 
 Basin Harbor, one of the best on the lake, is in the towd 
 of Ferrisburgh, Vt., and is five miles west from the city o^ 
 Vergennes, and is the landing for it. 
 
 Fort Cassiiv, three miles north of Basin Harbor, and on thj 
 north side of the mouth of Otter Creek, was formerly a landinj 
 place of passengers for Vergennes. It is eight miles from thj 
 city of Vergennes, where iNIacdonough's fleet was fitted out, witl 
 which he gained his victory. Fort Cassin takes its name froij 
 Lieut. Cassin, of the navy, ^ho, with a small breastwork at tlii 
 place, and less than 200 men, commanded by himself and Capi 
 Thornton, of the artillery, on the 14th of May, 1814, ropul& 
 a large British force in an attempt to enter the creek for lij 
 purposo of destroying the American flotilla before it should 
 ready for service. 
 
WfllTEMALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 213 
 
 Uicuo,., p,.eo on CaHe.olZlp „1 t.^T 'I "^ 
 
 Uucno. of being nLe^LoJbv tho , V r"""'"^ '" 
 |..ral,l„n of nature Tin T ,• w """' ^ ""^ *"■» 8''='" 
 l»,„ I . "'° '''S'''03t exammation shows thit 
 
 fcrivr ": '°™ °"-*-'""^ "»-" ^ -hat" 
 
 fcwh „ wl 11^7 ■•°*- tt™«S'M.hicl, the lake 
 
 I len ingn. The chasm, instead of being unfathomable 
 
 b rtiXeti'^ : r- '■■"'-» "- «- 
 
 U a .ight.ho„se TTwidlb oTThe rr\"?^"' ""^^ 
 
 wini:;:.*;~-5^ '^»"" Cha^plam, opposite 
 N or four milo. in w- ui . ^® ^'''"^ expands to 
 
 hcLin.. north and .n.iC- . "°^^' ''^^ ^^''^^ «e«° 
 
 h f^-«X //.Z r '"^ '''' '"'""'^*" P^'^^^ --^"^l ridges- 
 r <?m^/5 //,/,«;,, bemg one of tJie highest peaks of th^ L 
 
 I3e ;.t 1^'r, '"'^^ ^^-^*«^J '>'4G7 feet, or npwavd of nn« 
 r "^^'^ has Us most northern source 
 
 K:r^::B^!^ r" ^^^-^^ ^^^^^ ^^out seven 
 r m.es. ftom Burhngton, and being out of the usual 
 
 4 ,.,5 
 
2U 
 
 WHITEHALL TO ROUSE 8 POINT. 
 
 line of navigation, they are resorted to by gulls and othJ 
 water-fowl for the purpose of raising their young. On Charll 
 Voix's map of 1744 they are called Isle de Quatre Vents. 
 
 Juniper Island lies about three miles soutL»vest from Bui 
 lington — is composed of slate rock, with precipitous ban! 
 about thirty feet high, and covered with about a dozen acres ( 
 good soil. A light-house Avas erected here in 1826. 
 
 Rock Dundeu is a solitary rock rising out of thu water, J 
 twecn Juniper Island and Pottier's Point, to the heiglit of uboj 
 thirty feet. 
 
 BuRLm(|TON, Vt., 76 miles from Whitehall, 25 miles h<i 
 Plattsburgh, and 60 miles from House's Point by steamb 
 route, is delightfully situated on Burlington Bay, on the d 
 shore of Lake Champlain, and is the most important place 
 the State. It possesses a convenient and safe harbor for steaij 
 boats and lake craft. The United States government have U 
 erected a breakwater, which protects the shipping from westcil 
 winds, and is a great addition to the security of the liailid 
 In 1850 it contained a population of 0,110 inhabitants; 
 University of Vermont, founded in 1791, occupying four « 
 cious edifices, and having a medical cchool attaclied to it; t| 
 Episcopal institute, a court-house and juil, eight churches ] 
 different denominations, an academy, and two female seniin 
 ries; three banking-houses, several well kept hotels, nii'l 
 number of stores of diflforent kinds, besides several factoij 
 and mills, and almost every kind of mechanic establiMhmonl 
 About IJ miles distant, on the falls of the Onion llivor, ij| 
 thriving manufacturing place called Wiuousfa, whore are 
 cated several largo factories and mills. 
 
 Burlington is, no doubt, destined rapidly to increase in iven 
 and population, from the fact of ho.'o centering several imp 
 tant linos of railroad travel, extending from Boston by tj 
 
 rniifoa. fli^'OUSt'' Mnnfnrilior nridi tlirniifrli 1?i>t1ci>,il Tlilu roj 
 *" - - - - ^ - --- " • 0-- - --• - 
 
 road and steamboat communication extends across Ltike ('!iii< 
 plain to Plattsburgh and House's Point, running north j 
 Montreal, Canada, and west to Ocrdonslmrgh, N. Y. 
 

 ' If 
 
216 
 
 WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 
 
 Its advantages are now great, and its situation most beautii 
 ful, overlooking tlie lake, with its bays, islands, and adjaccnj 
 scenery— the passing steamboats and other vessels— and posj 
 Besses a beauty of location probably unsurpassed by any othej 
 place in the Union. In trade and commerce it is closely nllie 
 with the interests of the State of New York. Steamboats sto| 
 here daily on their route from Whitehall to Rouse's Poiut; 
 steamboat also plies from this place to Port Kent, on the o|j 
 posite side of the lake, a distance of ten miles, and tbcuco 
 Plattsburgh, 23 miles. 
 
 The principal hotels in Burlington are the American Ilotu 
 the Exchnnge Hotel, and the Howard House. 
 
 Travelers wishing to visit Mansfield Motintain, 20 railj 
 northeast of Burlington, or the CameVs Hump, in the toivj 
 of Huntington, about the same distance in a southeast dirci 
 tion, can easily obtain conveyances to either of the above 
 roantic resorts. From the summit of both are obtained bcnij 
 tiful and sublime views of the surrounding country and Lai 
 Champlain, said to fully equal the prospect from tlio Wliij 
 Mountains of N«!W Hampshire. The Vermont Central Itiiil™ 
 route, between Burlington, Montpelier, and Windsor, runs uc^ 
 the base of tlie latter mountain. 
 
 The White Mountains of New Hampshire, about 120 mill 
 east of Burlington, are reached from this place by railra.id«j 
 stage, pai^siiig over the Vermont Central Railroail to Wlii 
 lliver Junction, and from tlienco up the valley of the Connocj 
 cut River to Wells' River, whore commences the White Mmm 
 ain Railroad, extending to Littleton, N. II. From Littlptl 
 stages run to the Notch of the White Mountains, a farllj 
 distance of 20 miles. Tliis line of travel can be cxteuj 
 through to Portland, Mo., passing over a romantic soctimi 
 country. 
 
 Port Kknt is advantageously situated on the west slJoj 
 Lake Champlain, 12 miles south of the village of Plattslmr|j 
 It contains about 40() inhibitants, CO dwcUing-lmuses, 
 church, two lavcrns. three stores, and two warcho'^'*^'' 
 
WIIITEHAIX TO rouse's POINT. 217 
 
 ) Of this place ia beautiful, commanding one of the finest 
 news on Ohamplain, extending to the opposite shore of Vermont 
 It 18 contemplated to construct a railroad from Port Kent to 
 the Au Sable Forks, a distance of 16 miles, passing throueh 
 jtlie villages of Keeseville and Clintonville. 
 
 Immediately south of the landing at Port Kent lies Tremblcu 
 Pomt, the commencement of the Clinton range of mountains 
 
 Keeseville, situated on both sides of the AuSablo River is 
 four miles west of Port Kent. It contains about 3,000 inhab- 
 itonts 400 dwelling-houses, one Congregational, one Baptist, 
 one Methodist, and one Roman Catholic church; an incorpo- 
 rated academy, one banking-house, two taverns, and 20 store-' 
 Uu groceries. The water-power nt .ig place is very great, 
 hnd nxlvantngoously used by s extensive manufacturing 
 
 btabh^hments. There are t. .. .urlng-mills, four extensivf 
 im.mWs, which make annually about half a million of market 
 tords, an iron foundry, one furnr.ce, and a machine-shop, to- • 
 fether with most other kinds of mechapic workshops 
 At BiRMiNOHAM. two milcs bclow Keeseville. is a succession 
 rfp.cturosque falls, in all about 150 feet descent. Immediately ■ 
 \khv the lower falls the rivor enters a deep ravine of singular • 
 and romanUc beauty Through the cha.m thus formed by the 
 |»caring of the waters, or some convulsion of nature, the rocks 
 -^ from 75 to 150 feet, almost perpendicular, for a distance of 
 Um two miles, averaging about 60 feet in width, altogether • 
 ruung a groat natural curiosity. In addition to the above 
 ".ore arc other ravines in this vicinity of singular formation ' ' 
 from Port Kent to Plattsburgh the course is along tho west- 
 tm shore of tho lake, passing several islands. 
 Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing place, is neorly 
 «t of tho south end of ra/cow hland. notod for a severe 
 ava conflict, on the llth of October, 1770. between tho Amer- 
 r--".x.a uisucr uenerai Arnold, and tho Lritiah under Capt 
 rnndle. Tho battle was fought a littlo north of Port Jackaon 
 
 ' '[' 
 
218 
 
 WHITEHALL TO KOUSK S POINT. 
 
 September, 1819. On the morning of the accident, the Phoenid 
 left Burlir. ton aliout one o'clock, against a strong north wind] 
 About 3 o'clock, wliile off nearly west of the south end of j 
 Grand Isle, the boat was discovered to be on fire, and all effortj 
 to extinguish it were unavailing. There were at this timc4^ 
 persons on board, 31 of whom entered the small boats, and sucj 
 . Deeded, with considerable difficulty, in reaching a small islani 
 about a mile to the windward, called Providence tland. Thd 
 remaining 13 were soon obliged to commit themselves to tliij 
 water upon bits of plank and such other thin?;s as were within 
 their reach. The small boats returned just after daylight, and 
 succeeded in saving six of those who had managed to keep theinj 
 selves afloat. The reumining seven were drowned. The wreci 
 drifted' southward and lodged on a reef extending from Colclicsj 
 ter Point. This is the only accident worthy of notice which ha 
 occurred during 46 years of steam navigation on this lake." 
 
 Plattsburgh, Clinton Co., N. Y., is situated on both side 
 
 of the Saranac River, 100 miles north of Whitehall and 25 mile 
 
 Bouth of Rouse's Point by steamboat route It was incorporate 
 
 as a village in 1815, and now contains about 4,000 inhabitant 
 
 500 dwelling-houses, a court-house, jail, and county clerkj 
 
 office ; a town-hall, one Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Mcth 
 
 odist, and two Roman Catholic churches ; an incorpornted acad 
 
 emy, 50 stores of different kinds, and six public houses, tli 
 
 principal of which are the Cumberland House and Fouquet| 
 
 Hotel ; two banks and one insurance office. Here are situat 
 
 on the Saranac, using water-power, two flouring-mills, on 
 
 woolen factory, one fulling mill, two saw-mills, two machinj 
 
 shops, and one foundry ; there are also two tanneries, one m 
 
 manufactory, three printing-offices, together with almost evci] 
 
 other kind of mechanic workshops. The water-power at tl 
 
 place is very great, the Saranac Rivev here having a Bucccssiij 
 
 of falls, making a total descent of about 40 feet. The 
 
 rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral produ 
 
 tions ; iron ore of fine quality ib procured in different partsj 
 
 tuto county, xnio is aisa a uiijicu c-vaics umiiai^ i-.---; — 
 
 the government has erected extensive stone barracks, near tl 
 
 lako shore, and a permanent breakwater for the protection 
 
 the harbor in Cumberland Bay. 
 
 ISiVAL engage; 
 
WHITEHALL TO ROUSk's POINT, 219 
 
 i Steamers run daily, during the season of navigation, from 
 Tattsburgh to Burlington and Whitehall on the south, and to 
 Albans and Rouse's Point on the north, connecting with 
 ferent railroads. The Plattsburgh and Montreal Railroad 
 [Blends in a northerly direction to Mooers Junction, and thence 
 r;os8 the Canada line to Caughnawaga and Montreal, a total 
 fetance of 62 miles. 
 
 EAILROAD EOUTE FEOM PLATTSBURGH TO MONTREAL 
 
 „ ^'""'^"»- Miles. 
 
 Plattsburgh 
 
 Total Miles. 
 
 
 .. 10 
 .. 20 
 . . 26 
 
 . 41 
 
 . 52 
 
 . 64 
 
 . 62 
 
 West Chazy jO 
 
 Moocr's Junction jq 
 
 Hemingford, Canada o 
 
 St. Remi jg 
 
 Caughnawaga jj 
 
 La Chine 2 
 
 Montr kal g 
 
 Usual Tune, three hours. Fare, $2 10. 
 I Plattsburgh was the scene of an important engagement be- 
 Jeen the British and American armies, in September, 18U 
 ^cli resulted in the defeat of the British, under the command 
 rSir George Prevost, and the capture of the British fleet under 
 S. Downie, who was killed in the action. The American 
 Dj was commanded by Maj. Gen. Macomb, and the fleet by 
 " McDonough. 
 
 SAVAL ENGAGEMENT AND BATTLE OF PLATrSBURGH. 
 ' SEPT. H, 18;4. 
 
 0>f.i,d from F,ame,->, " Hwrcif or Lakr Cuamplaim." 
 U ilT *)"' "'■'?'''' ^^''"ly reached Platt.shurgh. (hoir irun- 
 
 maine-l un.ler command of Capt Prinz On tho mi; M^^F 
 
 fcu^«:^-«.--l-.'f ^hat.plL witrthe'^Jesu/ttl,?!' 
 . " •" i,tv;iii:iijr PI tne i iih iho whole woijrhod anchor and 
 
 >,,:;i;lis'' "'° ^""*"-' ""» '»^ ■- ^^^^^ 
 
 "A. tho BrilisK vo*«l, roundoJ Cumlwrlani Ht,.d. about 
 
220 
 
 NAVAL DATTI.K OF PLATTSBURGH. 
 
 eight o'clock in tlie morning, they found ^IcDonough at anchnrj 
 a little south of the mouth of the Saranac River, and abreast.! 
 but out of gun-shot, of the forts. His vessels lay in a lino run- 
 ning north from Crab Island, and nearly parallel with the west] 
 shore. The brig Eagle, Captain Henley, lay at the head of tbd 
 line, inside the point of the Head. Tliis vessel mounted twontj] 
 guns and had on board one hundred and fifty men. Next tJ 
 her, and on the south, lay McDonough'a flag-ship, tlie Saratocral 
 mounting twenty-si>: guns, with two hundred and twelve mea.| 
 Next south \?as the schooner Ticonderoga, of seventeen gunaf 
 Lieutenant Cassin, with one hundred and ten men, and next id 
 her, and at tho southern extremity of the line, lay the sloo^ 
 Preble, Lieutenant Charles Budd. This vessel carried Reveij 
 guns, h,nd was manned by thirty men. She lay so near M 
 shoal extending northeast from Crab Island, as to prevent thj 
 enemy from turning that end of the line. To the rear of thj 
 line were ten gun-boats, six of which mounted one long twenty! 
 four pounder, and one eighteen pound Columbiad each; thj 
 other four carried one twelve pounder. The gun-boats had, o^ 
 an average, thirty-five men each. Two of the gun-boats lay i 
 little north and in rear of the Eagle, to sustain the head of tbJ 
 line ; the others were placed opposite the intervals between thl 
 different vessels, and about forty rods to their rear. Tlie largC 
 vessels were at anchor, while the gun-boats were kept in pcs^ 
 tion by their sweeps. 
 
 "The British fleet was composed of the frigate Conjiaml 
 carrying thirty-seven guns,* with over three hundred mi 
 commanded by Captain Downie; the brig Linnet, Captna 
 Prlng, of sixteen guns and 120 men; the sloop Chub, Lieutenad 
 McGhee, and the sloop IHnch, Lieutenant Hicks, carrying elevd 
 guns and about forty-five men each. To these vessels we< 
 added twelve gun-boats of about forty-five men each. Eight c 
 them carried two guns, and four one gun each. Thus the forj 
 of the Americans consisted of mo ship, one brig, one schoond 
 one sloop, and ten gun-boats, manned by eight hundred d 
 eighty-two men, and carrying in all eighty-six guns, TJ 
 IBritish had one frigate, one brig, two sloops, and twtlve gu 
 boats, naiined by over one thousand mei., and carrying inl 
 ninety-five guns. The metal of the vessels on both sides itl 
 unusually heavy. The Si^^atoga mounted eight long twentj 
 fours, six forty-twos, and twelve thirty-twos, while tlio 
 fiance had the gun-deck of a heavy frigate, with thirty la 
 twenty-fours upon it. She also had a spacious topgallant foj 
 
 ■ni\ n r>?>nr» fhof noi-no r\n fnrkhnr forWftrd thlVQ tllO 1 
 
 
 t*-«t'« T» 
 
 r«,^r» ♦.Viof. no mo ru\ farther forward 
 
 • There were thirty-nine guns on board the CDnflancc, but two i>f til 
 Were not mouiitod.— (^coi^fi/'. 
 
NAVAL BAmu OF PLiTTSBUROH. 221 
 
 119 poop. ' "'^'^^y^'^ronades were mounted o« 
 
 llore to opposite the point 0^0,, mhl' Ytr^^f ^*^«^ ^«ss^ls 
 Inn-boats to come up, and to Lo?;T. fi *"? • ^^^^^' *« »"^^ t^o 
 L of attack. The vessels trnS^r^ ins ructions as to the 
 le American fleet vasZt Wi ^"^I'^^d beaded in toward 
 f^d; the ChubtyFnThe°r court'/ Sn^r' ^^ Cumberland 
 We, in order to supnort tho r^ ^^'*u? *° windward of the 
 ^d that vessel CaTafn fewn^"?'75^'^ «*^°«^ directly to- 
 tnfiance athwart tKaratorTut ?1'^'-T^^'^ *« ^'-^^ *h« 
 M to anchor at about two cables' 1^?.^ .^^^'"^' ^« ^'^^ 
 JeFn^ch. which had run abSlSway^^^^^^^^^ *5"! t^i 
 
 k t^nlant^lVrL^C^^^^^^ ---^ the tire of 
 
 Wed by the SaraCafnd thl f,"^ ^'f ' 'V"'^ ^^^"S «o«^ 
 innet poured her broad'side infn f? "S ^''^ schooner.* The 
 iat ship to take her SLn oJn%®^^^^ «^ '^'' P^^^^^d 
 Vie brought his vessdln n n ^PP^^'J^^ *h« Eagle. Captain 
 kand did\ot fire a Un unt r? '" ""''* ^'"*"* '^•^'^■ 
 feugh his vessel suff^-ed severe W I ""If ^'^'''^y ^^^'^red, 
 t As soorf, ho^ve^or as the rnnfT \^? ^^ "'« A'"«^-i- 
 pposition, she discharie i n 1 hnrti'' Y ^'''' ^^^^ght 
 hame instant. Tlio e^ct of thiJ k "^'^^ ,^""'' ^^ "^'^rly 
 \ twenty-four pounders loubloli ^^^'^^.^d^' tl^'own from 
 ^terrible. The SaratS tro^li ?'!"^'^' '" «">ooth water, 
 
 , ^ of her crew were SlorSnr*" ^^ T^ ^''^ ' '^''«'^« 
 »f. Gamble, who was k led S/"'",';^^ I'«i* first Lieutenant. 
 
 ; Soon after the commencement nffi"^ '^' ho,,.gnn. 
 We maneuvering nerrho 1 "ad of th.^'"^'^''"?'' ^he Chub, . 
 broadside from the Ea^I wi- i ^'".'-''"ican line, received 
 kted down between the ODDos7n J ' "'^ ''''P?^"^ *•«'* ^h^* s^e • 
 k possesion orL tWarleVpw ' ""'^ '?"'^'^- ^^^e was 
 Mshipinen. and was^tow. '^I fclFll"' ^"« ^^ * '« Sar, 
 
 atoga's 
 The Chub 
 
 KN Ills wlns:8 ami (TowodTi,/...'^ '^"' '' "«* upon a ffuu alldo 
 « w^wfer. *^* ' "'uon.-tot»/>«/-'« iTacu/ UUtory and : 
 
 
222 
 
 NAVAL BATTLE OF PLATTSBURQII. 
 
 had suffered sp^^rely; nearly half of her men having been! 
 killed or -wounded. About an hour later the Finch was driven 
 from her position by the Ticonderoga, and, being badly injured, 
 drifted upon the shoal near Crab Island, where she grounded, j 
 After being fired into from the small battery on the island, sliej 
 struck, and was taken possession of by the invalids who manncdj 
 
 tll6 bftttGrV,* I 
 
 " After the loss of the Finch, the British gun-boats madej 
 several efforts to close, and succeeded in compelling the sloop j 
 Preble to cut her cables and to a. chor in shore of the line,| 
 where she was of no more service during the engagement. The 
 gun-boats, emboldened by this success, now directed their effort 
 toward the ^Ticonderoga, against which they made several very! 
 gallant assaults, bringing the boats, upon two or three occii-l 
 sions, within a few feet of the schooner's side. They were, how-T 
 ever, as often beaten back and the schooner, during the reJ 
 mainder of the day, completely covered that extremity of the line! 
 
 " While these changes were taking place at the lower end ofj 
 the line, a change was also made at the other extremity. Thif 
 Eagle, having lost her springs, and finding herself exposed td 
 the fire of both the Linnet and Confiance, dropped down anJ 
 anchored between the Saratoga and Ticonderoga, and a little id 
 shore of both. From this position she opened afresh on the ConJ 
 fiance and *c British gun-boats, with her larboard guns, Thij 
 change relieved the brig, but left the Saratoga exposed to thj 
 whole fire of the Linnet, which sprung her broadsides in suclii^ 
 manner as to rake the ship on her bows. 
 
 " The fire from the Saratoga and Confiance now began matel 
 
 rially to lessen, as gun after gun on both vessels became disi 
 
 . abled, until at last the Saratoga had not a single available gunl 
 
 ; and the Confiance was but little better off. It therefore becami 
 
 : necessary that both vessels should wind, to continue the actioj 
 
 with any success. This the Saratoga did after considerable del 
 
 lay, but the Confiance was less fortunate, as the only effect ol 
 
 . her efforts was to force the vessel ahead. As soon as the Saraf 
 
 * Mr. Alison (History of England, vol. 4), referring to this event, ssyi 
 
 - " The Finch, a British hrig, grounded out of shot and did not enm^\ 
 and agftln, «' The Finch struclf on a reef of roclcs and could not gft idI 
 action." Had Mr. Alison talcen Ihe trouble to read Capt. Prinft's officii 
 account of the engagement, he would have found in it the following staj 
 ment: " Lieutenant Hicks, of the Finch, had the mortification tostrilief 
 a reef of roclcs, to the eastward of Crab Island, about the middle of lli«6" 
 giiffemp.nt. which nrevented his renderinsr tliat assistance to the squadnj 
 that might, from aii officer of such abllliy.Tiave been expected.^' ii i»'^ 
 
 ■ convcniont for the English historian to convert a small sloop of elevi 
 gnns and forty men Into a hrig, and to ke- p that large vessel out of u 
 action altogether, but, as I h:ive before said, such statements are unnMi 
 
 . eary to preserve the well •earned reputation of the British uavy for bri'<| 
 
 • (tr gallantry in action. 
 
NAVAL BATTLE OF PLATTSBURGH. 
 
 223 
 
 ISr^n^^'T'l? V°'i'''^ ^ fr««^ broadside from her lar 
 Ibrd guns into the Confiance whirh ntanri tv,I « * i 
 
 iBinutes and then struck The shin th/n hi, t. I® ^^"^ *" ^^"^ 
 f ery eighth man in the fleet. Besides th^ ^.rnM ^»,'1.''v^ ^ 
 
 ifcl^.rJlL^.":'^ !lf'l« ^"^'"r^ ga"oy« Som^ off. in a «h.,f„.„^ 
 
 glhough it had been Just pllcod ov."r h/^i ^'^k' away hung down 
 Pport ofm BatUe. Our masts vardfRnLTM''' ^^'"^-^/^'DonougVa 
 Ije looked like so many buS«\?f mAh^. *'''i^^^'■® "^ 8»»attored, timt 
 
224 
 
 NAVAL BATTLK OF PLATTSBURGH. 
 
 Linnet, and Lieutenant James McGhee of the Chub. The Amer 
 ican officers killed were Peter Gamble, 1st Lieutenant of the 
 Saratoga, John Stansbury, 1st Lieutenant of the Ticonderoea 
 Midshipman James M. Baldwin, and Sailing Master Rojiersi 
 Carter. Referring to the death of three of these officers Mr ' 
 Cooper, in his History of the Navy, says : ' Lieutenant Gamble i 
 was on his knees, sighting the bow-gun, when a shot entered 
 the port, split the quoin, drove a portion of it against his breast 
 and laid him dead on the quarter-deck without breakincr hi^ 
 sldn. Fifteen minutes later ono of the American shot sfriick 
 the muzzle of a twenty-four on the Confiance, dismounted it 
 sending it bodily inboard against the groin of Captain Downiel 
 killing hira also without breaking the skin. Lieutenant St.ins-I 
 bury si^ddenly disappeared from (he bulwarks forward, yiaM 
 eupenntending some duty with the springs of the Ticonderoga 1 
 Two days aftfer the action, his body rose to the surface of thel 
 water, and it was found that it had been cut in two by a rouudl 
 shot.' I 
 
 " It is said that scarcely an individual escaped on board of I 
 either the Confiance or Saratoga without some injury. Mac-I 
 donough was twice knocked down ; once by the spanker-boom I 
 which was cut in two by a shot, and fell upon his back as h J 
 was bending his body to sight a gun ; and again by the hcacl 
 of a gunner, which was driven against him, and knocked him 
 into the scuppers. Mr. Brum, the sailing-master of the Sara^ 
 toga, had his clothes torn off by a splinter while winding thd 
 ship. Mr. Vallette, acting Lieutenant, had a shot-box, on 
 which he was standing, knocked from under his feet, and iia 
 too was once knocked down by the head of a seaman. Veivi 
 few escaped without some accident, and it appears to have bee'd 
 agreed on both sides, to call no man wounded who could keep 
 out of the hospital.* Midshipman Lee of the Confiance, wha 
 was wounded in the action, tlius describes the condition of thaij 
 vessel : ' The havoc on both sides is dreadful. I don't thinlj 
 there are more than five of our men, out of three hundred, buli 
 what are killod or wounded. Never was a shower of hail 
 thick as the shot whistling about our ears. Were you to se 
 my jacket, waistcoat, and trowsers, you would bo astonisliet, 
 how I escaped as I did, for they are literally torn all to riigj 
 with shot and splinters ; the upper part of my hat was also shol 
 away. There is one of our marines who was in the Trafalga/ 
 action with Lord Nelson, who says it was a mere Jleabite 
 comparison with this."t 
 
 * Oooper's Naval History. 
 
 t Letter to his brother, published In Xiles^ Register, vol. 8. The resull 
 Of the engagemout depended, from the first, upon the Saratoga and ConI 
 
WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 225 
 
 Tie Officers, on both sides, who fell in the several encounters 
 \,hni and water, on the memorable occasion above mentioned 
 Im buried ia the pubUc cemetery adjacent to the village of 
 Ifiitteburgh; but their graves were left, under the pressing 
 Bigencies of that time, without any permanent monument, or 
 .ne of memorial. That community, long discontented with 
 , omission which seemed to betoken an apathy not at all in 
 ^n with real feelings, at last determined to make amends 
 »r their neglect, and fulfill all the rites of sepulture. Accord- 
 ^ly, a little previous to the return of the anniversary of the 
 httle. m 1843, meetings were held at which it was resolved to 
 klebrate the day, by placing marble monuments, with appro- 
 bate inscriptions, at the several graves, and thus render to 
 fee brave and devoted dead the remnining public honors so 
 taly their due, and so long left unpaid. This design was 
 »med into eflFect under the superintendence of the Clinton 
 taty Mihtary Association, and the anniversary rendered 
 fceply mteresting by the placing of these monuments, with 
 ?propnate ceremonies and religious services, accompanied by 
 mmemoration addresses. 
 Illie graves are arranged in the form of a parallelogram. 
 m that of Capt Downie, the commander of the British flo- 
 ^a in the center, as the officer of highest rank. The names 
 tth others, so far as known, are as follow: Of our own 
 Hintrymen. Lt. George W. Runk, of the U. S. A.; Lt. Peter 
 Me. U. S. N. ; Lt. John Stansbury, U. S. N. ; Sailing Mas- 
 fcr Rogers Carter, U. S. N. ; Midshipman James M. Baldwin, 
 lb. N.; Pilot Joseph Barron, U. S. N., and another pilot, 
 .e not known. Of the British army. Col. Wellington, 3d 
 Jt Buffs, Capt. Purchess. 7Gth Regt., Lieutenant R. Kino^- 
 h',3d Rcgt. Buffs; and of the British navy, Capt. Alex 
 prson and throe LieutGuants. names not known 
 
 m I 
 
 I ''I 
 
 11 
 
 iWce. W)i(in Afr»nnr./^..~u „_-i .... - , 
 
 »5r 
 
22r^ 
 
 WIIITKHALL TO ROUSK S POINT. 
 
 The beautiful lines of an Irish poet of the last century (Col- 
 lins), can never be more appropriate than to this occasion : 
 
 " How sleep the brave who sink to rest, 
 . By all their country's wishes blest ! 
 
 When spring with dewy fingers cold, 
 Eeturus i*i 'U>ck their hallowed mold. 
 She there sliall dress a sweeter rod 
 Than fancy's feet have ever trod. 
 There homT conies, a pilgrim ^ray, 
 To blcsii the turf thai wrapa their clay, 
 And memory shall awhile repair 
 To dwell a weeping hermit there. 
 
 Cumberland Head is a peninsula extending two or three 
 miios into the lake, opposite the village of Plattsburgh, forming j 
 Cumberland Bay, into which empties the Saranac Iliver. 
 
 Crab, or HctePiTAL. Island lies two miles south, ud near! 
 the track of the steamers on their way to and from the landing 
 at Plattsburgh. It was on a line nearly north and south 
 between Cumberland Head and Crab Island that the British 
 and American fleets encountered each other, on the 11th of 
 September, 1814, a day which brought so much honor to the] 
 American flag. 
 
 South Hilro and Nouth Hero are the names of two Is-j 
 lands belonging to the jurisdiction of Vermont. The former isl 
 connected by a ferry, and on the east side with the main shorej 
 of Vermont by a bridge. 
 
 Chazy Landing, 16 miles north of Plattsburgh, is :v conve- 
 nient steamboat landing, on the west side of Lake Champla'u, 
 
 Isle au Motie, opposite the above landing, is a fine \tih\\\\ 
 also attached to Vermont. It is 6 miles long and 2 miles wl 1l\| 
 containing much good land, and a valuable quarry of niarbl,' 
 
 The village of Rouse's Point, in the town of Champlain i 
 miles north of Plattsburgh, and 125 miles from AYhiteball, isl 
 situated on the west side of Lake Champlain, about one niile| 
 south of the Canada line, and has a convenient stcaniboati 
 landing, a very large depot building, and a well kept| 
 hotel. It is surrounded in part by a level and fertile reg; 
 which extends west to the St. Lawrence River. One mile north 
 of the village is a fort and military position commanding the! 
 
WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 227 
 
 inaTigaWe channel of the lake. In 1815 the government of the 
 United States commenced the construction of a strong fortress 
 h Rousea l^.nt; but on running out the boundary li^ 
 between the Un.ted States and Canada, under the treaty of 
 Ghent this point was found to be north of the 45th degree of 
 Drth latitude, and the works were suspended 
 ^^.Verf 67.^., Boundary Linc.-^^lhls I'ino was fixed in 
 mi, by treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburton and Mr Web- 
 Irter, on the old line formerly supposed to be the 45*' /• ollel 
 Irflatitude. Immediately after the close of the ^ist ^a.-he 
 lUmted States government commenced building a or^ on a 1g / 
 IM to the northward of House's Point landing, w,-, i. shor ' I 
 |«mpletely command the passage up the lake. Br t- aurvov 
 H this line in 1818, it was found that this point was north of 
 k 4oth parallel, and the work was consequently abandoned; 
 
 ■! .T Tl *''^'^ *^' ^''* ^"^ '^^"^'^^ *« *^« United States, 
 M the work has recently been resumed. An opening through 
 %woods hke a road, on the east side of the lake, and about 
 5W rods north of the fort, marks the place of the Line as now 
 
 tabhshed. 
 
 At Rouse's Point is erected a long and substantial draw- 
 %, crossing the foot of Lake ChampJain, for the accommo- 
 fe on of the ra. road traffic passing from Montreal and Ogdens- 
 bg to New Ycu-k and Boston. During the winter months 
 
 ^ bridge affords the exclusive thoroughfare at this point 
 j '^een Canada and the Eastern States 
 
 ifho railroads which here terminate are the Vermont and 
 p a, « liatlroad, connecting with the Vermont Central Rail- 
 Ni the .A orthern Railroad of New York, 118 miles in length 
 «mnating at Ogdensburgh ; and the Champlain and St Law'- 
 ^^ellaUroad, 44 miles in length, terminating opposite Mon. 
 
 Kff.'- .^ ^'^"'""^ ^''"^ ^^"^'^'^ P«^"*' travelers arc 
 ^je^ted to the inconvenience of having their baggage exam- 
 
 %\i 
 
 t; ■ 
 
 Kfl 
 
228 
 
 WHITKIIALL TO ROUSES POINT. 
 
 The town of Albukgh, Vt., is a triangular body of land pro] 
 jecting from Canada into Lake Champlain, by -which it ia surj 
 rounded, excepting on the Canada side. On the eastern sliorj 
 lies the vilhige of .llburgh, a port of entry, and a few mile 
 north is Albw-<^h Springs, where is a small settlement aiij 
 several hotels. This justly celebrated watering-place lies nenf 
 the Missisquoi Bay, and is er.sily reached by railroad, beiuj 
 situated seven miles east of Rouse's Point and IG miles we( 
 of St. Albans, Vt. 
 
 IIiGHGATE SpRixfis, three miles from Swanton Station ar 
 17 miles from Rouse's Toint, near the village of llighgate, Vt 
 another and favorite watering-place, attracting much attontidj 
 It is situated near Missisquoi Bay, aiFording fine fishing-grounj 
 and an opportunity to enjoy aquatic sports and hunting. 
 
 Missisquoi Bay, coiuiecting with Lake Champlain on t| 
 north, is a large and romantic sheet of water lying mostly 
 Canada, or north of the 45th dogree of nortli latitude. 
 bay and its surrounding shores aiford most romantic and i 
 lightful scenery, varied by high land and picturesque poinj 
 Hunting, fisliing, or pleasure sailing can hero bo enjoyed 
 those fond of such sports, while the invigorating climate gij 
 strength and elasticity to the weak and debilitated. During 1 
 summer and autumn months a steamer runs around the bij 
 landing at Phillipxburgft, Can., llighgate, Vt., and otij 
 
 landings. 
 
 Ash Island, four mites north of Rouse's Point, is considej 
 the foot of Lake Champlain. Hero the Richelieu, or St. Joli 
 River, as the outlet of Lake Champlain is called, is about hj 
 a mile wide. The land on joth sides of tho stream seems alu 
 level with tlio water, and presenta this low and flat surface! 
 many miles. 
 
 IsLK Aux Noix, situated in tho Richelieu River, 12 nij 
 
 IlOrlil ui" iJuUso'S 1 Omt, is ino HTSI DlCUUiU-UUL iOU-:::: 
 
 entering Canada, Hero is a strong fortification comnian(| 
 tho channel of tho river, and occupied by British troops. 
 
h 
 
 ROUSKS POINT TO MONTH 
 
 EAL, ETC. 
 
 229 
 
 EAILROAD^ROUTE FEO^ KOITSE'S POIXT TO OGDENS. 
 
 BUEOU, via NOETHERxV EAILKOAD. 
 Stations. 
 House"', Point 
 Mooer's Junction 
 
 Chazy 
 
 Pummifc 
 
 <'hate,iug,iy 
 
 Malo.nk 
 
 Brush's Milla 
 
 Siockholm 
 
 Pots J am Junction 
 Li«bon 
 
 .DKNSBURGH q 
 
 Usual T.mk, 5 hours. Fare, $3 50 
 
 k t,. west »«::;:,: xsr;,«:r'''' "n""' 
 
 U F0*,cHv„ section „: cou„ J p 1" ^"cT'- " '™' 
 |hm Rouse's Point. ^ """' '" '""« 
 
 S'. Jo„»-s or Do«c,..„.,, ,50 „,il« f,.o,„Wl.it„I,d,. ia 
 
 of tho Iliohelicu Uivcr, 
 
 Miles. 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 11 
 11 
 14 
 11 
 10 . 
 
 Total Miles. 
 
 
 . . 12 
 . 2:i 
 . 37 
 . 4(j 
 . 57 
 . 08 
 . 82 
 . 93 
 
 109 
 
 118 
 
 l«^vantagoously situated on tho west side 
 
 K of ho Amerxcan lino. 22 miles southeast of Monfrea 
 "contams about 2,200 inhabitants. 275 dwelli ' 
 
 h-^-so, and extensive barra^ 
 
 p. ono Romnn fWI,Ai;„ „>.i ___ ,, ., .. 
 
 00 inhabitants, 275 dwelling-housos. a 
 Roman Catholio. and ono Moti;.,;:^:^^ ^T " 
 
 J. „ verns. ten stoves, and two forwarding house. 
 ^tensive glass factory, ono stono factory i^. f 
 «;'.anics shops of different kinds! '' '"'"^"* 
 
 '""0 Cluim'ily Cnnnl »»*„, 
 
 ono 
 and 
 
 e 
 
 an, „m« look, o„ ,l,i, canal 120 f«t I„„g, o^ fe„t ,i,,„; 
 
 8! « I ' 
 
 l' i 
 
230 
 
 ROUSE S POINT TO MONTREAL, ETC. 
 
 and six foet deep ; lift ten feet each, making a total descent of 
 90 feet in 12 miles. This canal was constructed by the Pro- 
 vincial p;overnment. It affoi'ds navigation for vessels of 100 
 tons burden between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence 
 River, thus furnishing an uninterrupted water communication 
 from Now York to Quebec. 
 
 The railroad from St John's to Montreal, 21 miha in length, 
 extends over a level section of country, the St. Lawrence River 
 soon coming in sight. 
 
 The aspect of the St. Lawrence is truly grand and interest- 1 
 ing, as you approach it on tho south from llousys Point. Totv- | 
 ard the west is seen the La Chine Rapid, one of the most dm- 
 gerous on the river. Opposite Montreal it is two miles wide, I 
 embosoming the beaut'fa' Island of St. Helen, which is forliiiej[ 
 and garrisoned by British troops. 
 
 As you npproach Montreal by water, tlio new Victoria Bridgj 
 the city, shipping, and wharves are seen to groat advautag-. 
 The latter — the wharves —probably exceed any tiling of the km]\ 
 in America, consisting of a range of massive and solid masonry | 
 extending along flie river for upward of a mile. 
 
 TABLE OF DI! 
 
 TABLK OP Dia 
 
 The following beautiful lines, descriptive of one of tho sou'-cps | 
 of human hajipiiifits, is from tho gifted pen of N. P. Willis,] 
 and may be appropriately inserted at this place : 
 
 " 'TIs trt IjftVO 
 
 Attentlvo and boilovlnjc fuiMiltii'n ; 
 
 To Ri) abroad ri'|oiplii« !a llu- Juy 
 
 Of bi'(»\iliful iin-l wcll-creatfd tliinpn; 
 
 To love tho voicr» of WHlcru, uikI Uw ^heen 
 
 Of silver fountain?* louplni; to tlio non ; 
 
 To thrill v-th tho rich melody of birds, 
 
 Living tht lifiMif muBlc; to be (find 
 
 In the Riiy sunshims reviTcnt In Iho elorm ; 
 
 To ppo a beauty In Iho stirrlnsc leaf, 
 
 And And onlm Ihoustht-* beneuth tho whispering tree; 
 
 To»oo, nnd hear, and breiilhe tho evi<lene« 
 
 Of Qod'» deep wisdom la liio natural world.** 
 
TABLES OF DISTANCES. 
 
 i!81 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES BETWEEN ALBANY AND 
 
 .,/''''^'^«- Mile,. 
 
 ALHANr n 
 
 I liOY Q 
 
 Saratoga Springs. . . 3-) 
 
 Whitehall '.'//' 4Q 
 
 TicouJoroga 24 
 
 BcjRMNOToiv, Vfc.. 61 
 
 PlatLsburgh, N. Y "' 05 
 
 Honsj's Point, ♦' " | oq 
 
 St. .John's, Canada. ^^ 
 
 MONTilEAL.... ■■ 9] 
 
 From 
 Albaaj. 
 
 
 
 . 6 
 
 . 38 
 
 . 78 
 
 102 . 
 
 153 . 
 
 178 . 
 
 203 . 
 
 226 . 
 
 248 . 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 OHif ' ;; 
 
 From 
 
 IHl f 
 
 Montreal. 
 
 . . 2 J8 
 
 nlH^ f 
 
 . . 242 
 
 iHf ; 
 
 . . 210 
 
 .. 170 
 
 |RiHPi 1, 
 
 .. 143 
 
 MlBlil I 
 
 . . 95 
 
 
 70 
 
 ffijHHHy 
 
 .. 45 
 
 nnifw^^ 
 
 .. 22 
 
 illlWiiIii!i 1 
 
 
 
 ii^BnHfid 
 
 TABLE OF DISTANCES FROM MONTREAL TO QUEBEC 
 
 WATEK. 
 
 MniVrUEAL 
 
 To V'arennes 
 
 Wri.L,iA.M Urwry. 
 
 L ike St. Peter .".".*.' 
 
 St i''ranci8 " 
 
 TnnKE UivKRs. .... . ..'.'"" 
 
 St. Anne 
 
 BY 
 
 Hiciielieu Mapids. . . Tr 
 
 ('"?<-' Santo.. ... \r 
 
 (tip 
 
 Capo lions 
 
 QL'KIJEU. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 M:iei 
 
 80 
 
 45 " 
 
 8 
 
 53 «' 
 
 30 
 
 83 " 
 
 7 
 
 \)0 " 
 
 20 
 
 no «' , 
 
 15 
 
 125 •« 
 
 16 
 
 HO '» 
 
 22 
 
 102 " 
 
 8 
 
 170 •♦ 
 
 ^MLnOAD ROIJTE VROM MONTRJ^AL TO OUEBEC Wn^TH 
 I MOLNTAINS, .ND PORTL.^ND^ MAIN...., Gi^AND il^Yrl 
 
 Stations. 
 MONTUE.VL.. 
 
 I'Otigueuil 
 
 St. Ilyacintho. 
 U'rinntuid 
 
 RAILWAY. 
 
 MPos. 
 . 
 , 2 
 . 80 
 
 QUEBEC........'.;;;;;;;;;;;; ^^ 
 
 >// ill' ititfip ' " " ,,| 
 
 nuundury Lino. ..;;;;;;; ^,j 
 
 1>I|.AM) I'OVI), Vt 17 
 
 Nortlnnnbcrland. .,,;;;;;;;;'; " yr 
 Station) . . \ 1{\ 
 
 T^tal Mile». 
 
 
 o 
 
 '.'. 82 
 
 74 
 . 171 
 
 98 
 . 126 
 . 146 
 
 South Paris. 
 
 4.J 
 
 I>anviUo Junction. ' " on 
 
 IX iii'nr 1 >. wv •"" 
 
 'UIITLAND 
 
 29 
 
 203 
 240 
 
 2(36 
 2D4 
 
 -f' 
 
232 
 
 RAILROAD ROUTE. 
 
 RAILROAD ROUTE FROM MONTREAL TO TORONTO r!a 
 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. ' 
 
 I 
 
 Btations. Miles. 
 
 Month eal 
 
 Blue Bonnets 5 
 
 I'ointe Claire 15 
 
 yt. Anne's ( Ottau-a Riv. r) 21 
 
 Vautlreuil 24 
 
 Cedars (road to) 29 
 
 Coteau Landing 37 
 
 liivL'i Beaudotte 44 
 
 Laiuiaster 64 
 
 COKNWALI- 68 
 
 l)ii.k!nson"s Li.nding 77 
 
 Aultsville 84 
 
 Williiunh-burg 1)2 
 
 Maiilda • 99 
 
 Edwardsburg 104 
 
 Proscott Junction 112 
 
 l*HE^COTT Ill) 
 
 Maitlaud 120 
 
 Brockvii.le 1 26 
 
 Mallorytuwn 187 
 
 Laiisdowne 146 
 
 Ciananoque 155 
 
 Kingston Mills 109 
 
 KiNii^joN 173 
 
 Collins Bay ISO 
 
 Enestowu 188 
 
 Nnpaneo 199 
 
 Sliannonvillo 218 
 
 Bi;LLKVlL,t.E 220 
 
 Trenton 282 
 
 Colborno 249 
 
 Grafton 25(5 
 
 CoBouna 203 
 
 Port Hope 271 
 
 Port Britain 274 
 
 Newcastle 2H0 
 
 Bowman ville 290 
 
 OSHAWA 800 
 
 Port Whitby 804 
 
 Port Union 81G 
 
 Scarboro' 820 
 
 York 827 
 
 roRONTO 883 
 
 Stations. Miles. 
 
 Toronto q 
 
 York g 
 
 Sca.'boro' ]o 
 
 Port Union ]; 
 
 Port Whitby wi 
 
 OsHAWA '^i 
 
 Bowmanville 4.^ 
 
 Newcastle 47 
 
 Port Britain r,i| 
 
 Port Hope (12 
 
 CoBOURG 70 
 
 Grafton 77 
 
 Colbovne ^ 
 
 Trenton 101 
 
 Bellkvili.k 1)3 
 
 Shannonville 15j 
 
 Napance l;i4 
 
 Ern(!stown I45 
 
 Collins Bay W\ 
 
 KiNfiNTON li'iO 
 
 Kingston Mills ](;4 
 
 <iananoque 178 
 
 Laiisdowne ls7 
 
 Mallorytown ]% 
 
 Brockville llfiS 
 
 Maitland :!1:; 
 
 Pkkscott '1:'S) 
 
 Prescott Junction li'.M 
 
 Edwardsburg 'I'l') 
 
 Matilda 2:)4 
 
 Williamsburg '1\\ 
 
 Aultsville :i4;i 
 
 Dickinson's Landing 'JW 
 
 Cornwall. llii' 
 
 Lancaster 27it 
 
 luver Beaudette 2Mi 
 
 Coteau L; nding t% 
 
 ('edars (road to) Ht^ 
 
 Viiudreuil ( Ottawa Miv'r) 80l> 
 
 St. Anne's 812 
 
 Pointe Claire 318 
 
 Blue Bonnets 328 
 
 Month f.ai. 333 
 
 Usual Time, 15 houra. Fare, $10. 
 
 This interestii 
 
 I most delightful 
 
 jjliould be perfor 
 
 ItToning line of 
 
 jtaving Montreal 
 
 llours earlier. " 
 
 iKeiiic point of vit 
 
 jiages of the Fro 
 
 |«icli other as to 
 
 ■(iilier bank ; witli 
 
 ■found the parish 
 
 Ineff, and the irt 
 
 lilong on the now u 
 
 liietter knowu by tl: 
 
 Oil leaving Mont 
 
 jiiii's, in one of the 
 
 m. Lawrence, you 
 
 jtslaud of St. IIkl 
 
 hi as you are b( 
 
 V^'lity river, its tl 
 
 fc admiring atteni 
 
 rtlieir lines of set 
 
 IfO inilos from ci 
 
 Lo\(;i;i:rir,, on i] 
 
 K'onncctod witli tl 
 
 present termini 
 
 ''Quebec and Portl 
 
 tend, C. E.— thus f 
 
 Mn the northeast, 
 
 pile on the southoAs 
 
rid 
 
 ""I* TRIP PROM MONTREAL TO QUEBEC. 
 
 oii::^, '^^^^^'f ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^o be fuHy enjoyed, however, ^ 
 
 4nB"J »^« Performed during daylight ; but, unfortunately, the 
 
 ?;ir"%r '''''''''''' --''^"y alone performs the Irips, 
 
 ••■... .■..«. Montreal at seven o'clock p. m.. and Quebec two 
 
 70 ■'""^^ «-l^-- " Both banks are low and uninteresting in a 
 
 ^lirr .7",' "V""; '"' ""'' "^*'^ *'^ ^°-^*' whitewashed cot- 
 
 •■■•.. -m^. the French-Canadian peasantry, built so closely to 
 
 1 '3 ■^^'^ «f ^°^ ^« to suggest the idea of a continuous village on 
 
 |.T? t; r^ "f '"^ ^"' '''''■' ^ *'-^- S-"P-g of hies 
 
 l-^«7' '^?, '^^ ^'•'^^^-'«^- '""^y knows that he is rapidly bnrne 
 
 I'iJ ii ^ 7 ^^'^ °;^^ ""^^«^ ""^l ^'"ooth waters of two n.ighty rivers 
 
 ■••■•. l^J 1^ knowa by the inhabitants on its banks as the La 'ara2 
 
 ••■•• lin^''''"^j'!^""*''^ '''^'''''' '^"'^ *^« intermediate land- 
 i m " °"^ ^^ "'° -^">' ^^PJ-Ji'l steamers which navigate the 
 
 ••■•• ^-ma^rrr^'r '"" ^ "^ ""^''' *''° ^-^^^f^i ^ortiaed 
 
 .;^' t "'•^-'^. «^*"^»tei mid-stream opposite the city; 
 
 r,: E ' ^'"^ ".'■' ^'°'"° "''"S '^'^ "'« '"•^J'^^tic current of the 
 
 ; ; ; ; ; :;|fci y y.ver, :ts thickly settled and cultivated shores compe 
 
 rif : E;':T' 'f "'"" "' ^'" *""''-^^°''' "^y "-- aspect presented 
 
 ' S t ^*: ^rr^ «^^"--^« on e..h side, for the wholcfdis^^ 
 
 07sM ''" '"'^08 from city to city. 
 
 ; ; ; ; ; oJ;,B Lovcanar„„ on the opposite side of the river from Montreal 
 
 «;.V;8('l;, •;"'"* *^^:;"'"»« "^ ^''O ^'-.,/ Trunk «.//«•.,;. leadiug 
 8](<^'™i t. h. — thus forming a •-n""->.- i;--- "' - - - - 
 
 J™ .;""■■ ;r''""'' "'° "'"'" '"""""""• "' '*- 'C 
 
 ire on the southeast. *^ 
 
 ;Jil 
 
28 1 
 
 MONTREAL TO QUEBEC 
 
 The n vpiDs OF St. Mary are entered immediately below St. 
 Helen' s Island ; and, althougli not formidable to steam vej^:^. 
 they often retard the ordinary river craft for many!;!-?; 'i 
 
 asceudiiig. P 
 
 LoNGUE Point ami Point aux Trembles, on the isL.ii 1 uf| 
 Montreal, are successively passed on the left, and Bo^^ohlr^ 
 viLLK i.m the opposite shore. 
 
 The Isi.AND OF St. Thkrksa lies in (he St. Lawrence, 
 bhort distance from the northern termination of the island of 
 Montreal, and 15 miles below the city, near the louver noutl 
 if the Ottawa River, 
 
 Yarkn's. s on the southeast side of the river, 15 7.)le3fm.| 
 Montreal, '•; a beautiful place, and was formerly niucl'. rosr;! 
 to for rho mimr.xl fyiiugs In ts vicinity. The massive cLurchl 
 with 5ts two ppli-f ^ surrounded by a cluster of neat dwdlind 
 pre".mt.s a fine- uirpearanoe from the river. Other o! joctn c| 
 interest are swm in the distance ; the hills back of .Moutreij 
 are still visible ; and the .Mountain of EonvUle, rising gramllj 
 in the southoast, its summit crowned with an immcn,:' cros^ 
 seen i.;r many miles, greatly exalts the character and txprcs 
 sion of ific whole prospect. 
 
 WuxiAM Henry, or Sorel, 45 miles below Montreal, stani 
 on the site of an old fort, bitilt in 1G65, at the moulh of thj 
 Richelieu River. It is regularly laid o\it with streets crossiuj 
 each other at right angles. This town was first settled in m^ 
 and now contains about .1,000 inhabitants. It is no doul.t do^ 
 tined to incroayo, as a canal, with locks, is now constructei I'roij 
 Chamlily to St. John's, affording an uninterrupted water cmiJ 
 munication with Lake Champlain. The fort at this place uaj 
 taken and occupied, in May, 1776, by a party of the Aniori.M 
 army, in their retreat from Quebec on the death of Gen. M.mj 
 
 gonu^ry. 
 
 Leaving the mouth of the Richelieu and proceeding down ;lj 
 St. Lnwronco, Several islands are passed in succession, 
 you enter 
 
 Lakk St. Pkti;r, 50 miles below Montreal. Th' 
 
 r ,) tl„J 
 
MONTREAL TO (QUEBEC. 
 
 235 
 
 jiater, which is but an expanaion of the river, is about 25 miles 
 jkg ill 12 to 15 miles wide, while the average breadth of the 
 Jrver juoper , t'rom Montreal to Quebec, is about two miles, and 
 j||e scene which its waters present has some features peculiar 
 ^ncugh to be not;. -ed. In addition to the more customary forms 
 lifskamboats, of ships, and other sea-going vessels, and of the 
 Mt u..ually employed in the navigation of large rivers, the 
 liraterc of tlie St. Lawrence, more than any other even on this 
 Ifcrest-cove-eJ .• ntincut, are frequented by enormous timber- 
 nfts, corouionly borne along on their way to marlcet by the 
 |rco of the current alone, though occasionally aided by spread- 
 fej a sail, or by huge oars called sweeps. These floating islands 
 ff timber, with huts here and there rising from their low sur- 
 |aoe, for the accommodation of the raft-men, and another sin- 
 ^lar sort of craft with long, low hulls, nowhere else known, 
 m designed chiefly for the transport of timber of great length, 
 |ontribute the more remarliable and picturesque features to the 
 fflimating spectacle presented by the navigation of this noble 
 liver; while, from its high latitude, and from the character- 
 kic phenomena of northern skies, the ordinary, as well as the 
 Le grotesque, features referred to are accompanied by con- 
 Jrasts in the golden grandeur of the sunsets, and in the varied 
 ?leiulor of the nortliern lights, both of which are so frequent 
 iflJ so remarkable, that they may be very fairly regarded as 
 labitual, and from whicli the scenery of the St. Lawrence de- 
 lves a magnificence and beauty probably uncqualed. 
 Port St. Francis, 83 miles below Montreal, is the next 
 teamboat landing. Hero the rivor again contracts to its usual 
 ndlh. 
 
 j Thrke Rivers, about half way between Montreal and Que- 
 ^. is situated on the north side of the St. Lawrence, at the 
 ■K'lith of the river St. Maurice; nearly opposite to which, and 
 f smaller volume, outers the river Bocancour. Three Rivers 
 faa old town, hanng been Btjtlieu by tiie French in lUlb. 
 lew is a court-honso and jail, a convent, a Roman Catholic 
 parch, and three Protestant churches; a mechamcs' institute. 
 
 ■ V' 
 
 
 »A >.. 
 
 tf 
 
 II. 
 
236 
 
 MONTREAL TO QUEBEC. 
 
 an academy, several public houses, 40 stores, lumber-jards 
 ship-yard and foundry; also, other manufacturing establish] 
 ments. The town contains about 5,000 inhabitants, and is 
 place of considerable trade and importance. 
 
 This place has become a great lumber mart, caused N 
 the opening up of the great timber country in its rear, on fbl 
 banks of the St. Maurice. A visit to the wild and romanti] 
 Falls of Shawanagenns, about 25 miles up this river, will ij 
 found interesting ; it may be easily accomplished in one day] 
 the road leading through a forest for most of the way, witH 
 here and there a hamlet to vary the scene. A part of th] 
 journey is usually performed in a bark canoe propelled by In] 
 dians. On arriving at the falls, nothing but grandeur anij 
 solitude strikes the imagination. 
 
 St. Anne, 25 miles below Three llivers, stands on the nonJ 
 bank of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of a river of the sarai 
 name. 
 
 The Richelieu Rapids, 45 miles above Quebec, extend somi 
 eight or ten miles. The channel of the river is here very narl 
 row and intricate, huge rocks being visible in many places durf 
 ing low water. In order to guide the mariner safely througJ 
 these rapids, beacon lights arc stationed at the more critical 
 points of the passage. 
 
 Cape Sante, 30 miles from Quebec, is on the north side ofj 
 the St. Lawrence, and on the opposite side is a settlement called 
 St. Trois. The banks of the riv»r are here elevate:^ some : o| 
 80 feet above the water, and are almost perpendicular, fion 
 which the land extends away for many miles, with an alinosl 
 level surface. 
 
 Cape Rouge, eight miles above Qujbec, is next passed on i)i\ 
 left, when the citadel of Quebec comes into view, presenting 
 sight at once grand and deeply interesting, from the historic;! 
 events with which it is associated. 
 
 The Chaudikre River, on the right, is much visited for tin 
 sako of its beautiful falls, situated a short distance from i;^ 
 entrance into the St. Lawrence. 
 
QUEBEC. 
 
 t 
 
 237 
 
 I.OLP. , Cove. t« miles above Quelle, on the same side is 
 I,, orestag spot to stranger,, for here the lamented ^Jffe 
 Itt of'" I : *°"""" °™^' '" "•'»• -«■ ascended ZZ 
 
 Butte r' T: "^ ''" ^ *'-■" '» "■•' "-- »'- 
 
 I le fall of the brave and generous Monlca/m. 
 
 lAstho steamer approaches the wharf, the line of shippin. 
 
 H.ng nsna ly for two or three miles, gives life and intoS 
 
 htions of wonder and doliirht tu^ -^ ^ ^"^ca 
 
 r uua ueiignt. ihe city, or Lower Tnwn 
 
 kas yet parti, seen, soon opens to view! hugginlthe Z' 
 IHe rocky promontory. ° * 
 
 QUEBEC, 
 
 liKE City of Qtob,:c, a seaport, and most important naval 
 iMhtary depot, is sitnaled on the left bank of the river sf 
 tb "'tr'""'"'"^ " " J™«^ "^""^ St. Chlrlt' 
 
 IM at 40,000. of winch about two thousand are soldiers 
 h fortress Quebec may he justly ranlced in the first eta 
 h can hardly express the strength of its position wither.' 
 ;."' °,' "^'""'"'> '»™' TI.e citadel, the GibralTar „f 
 ««. .s approached by a zigzag pathway, with thirt-t™ 
 
 !T-m " "■•''' "^ '"«"■■ ■"» <>ffi«"' barrack 
 
 - .hke .mplements are immense. The military authori 
 . ™orget,ca ,y at work putting the fcrtifieations of Quo- 
 
 iierP !« "i. n ~^ '' '"^'^'-^^y' »* » i«t« date, says: 
 
 ^ereis hardly a pomt at which the fortifications Iro not 
 
 >« repaired or in^prc ed. A new ,i very strong block- 
 
 '« mak.^, below the flag-staff, .ry oxtonsivf w^^^ 
 
 liiii 
 
 ii I 
 
 
 
 >£: ■"'Wliitj 
 
 TF;' 
 
 
238 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 of by no means ancient construction, above that point, h:ij 
 been condemned, an'^ n}'". now rebuilding in a more formidalj 
 manner, near-wiiOiy ;i \i?v* .battery and draw-bridgo out! 
 from the oil:. ^^ el V/'a.^ iatdly been constructed, communicatij 
 witli the city over the northeastern glacis." 
 
 " The city is built on the extremity of a ridge terminatino'l 
 the angle formed by the junction of the two rivers on^ 
 point called Cape Diamond, wbifh '^ • rises to the heio 
 of about 340 feet above the ! .. iliavvrcacc. Th^ caj.e is su 
 mounted by the citadel, and the city extends from it principal 
 in a N.E. direction, down to the water's edge. The old to\| 
 which lies wholly without the walls, partly at the foot of Ca 
 i}i''mond, and around to the St. Charles, has narrow anl,] 
 pjits, £tcep streets. The ascent from the upper to the lov 
 p;r';ion of the city which crosses the line of the fortificatioid 
 by a Avinding street and by a flight of steps ; the streets in tj 
 section, though narrow, are generally clean, and well pa{ 
 or macadamized. The public buildings and most of the hou 
 are built of stone. The line of the fortifications stretches neal 
 across the peninsula in the west, and runs along a ridge betwf 
 the upper and lower parts of V'q city. It is intersectel 
 five gates, and has an inner 'ircuit of about 2] miles. Bpv*^ 
 the ramparts on the west arc the extensive suburbs of St. lU 
 St. John, and St. Louis. Durham Terrace comma nd.s a picti 
 esque vie'>. , having the lower p^rt of the city in the foregroui 
 and the shores and waters of tiio St. Lawrence extenling faif 
 the distance. The Public Garden, on Des Carrieres Street, i 
 tains an elegant monument erected to the memory of Wolt'c i 
 Montcalm, It is 65 feet hij;!i, and its design is very chaste i 
 beautiful. This spot atLracfs great attention, and shoul:l| 
 visited by every stranger. The E planado, railed off from, j 
 situated betwo n D Autouil Stri t and tho ramparts, afFd 
 delightful view, f the .. arround .i; country and river scene j 
 
 " There are 1/4 streets in tlie city and suburbs, the princ^ 
 of which are the following : St. John Street, the principal 
 of the retail trr ' : . St. Louis Sf.reet, oOcr.. "9(1 by lawy| 
 ofliccs and private dwellings, ia handsome and ^uU-bu 
 D'Auteuil Street, facing the Ksplanade i; the upper ^: vn, i 
 in the lower town, St. Peter Street. ''. vliich most of the b' 
 insurance companies, and i.tercUaats' offices are situii| 
 There are also many other * streets, ai'd the appe.irancd 
 the city has been much inr ?.(1 jigs the £rre.at ii o of I! 
 wh"u nearly 2,000 building er( stroyed, which iiave 
 replaced by others of a supc ior description. The *reets| 
 lighted with gas, and the city is well supplied with er f| 
 
 •% «. 
 
QUEBEC. 
 
 2S0 
 
 1 St. Charles River Tim t> v 
 jmS) was an elegant pt of buE' «r«. (-destroyed by 
 
 a square now about being rebuikfnn^'' ^'?^"= '^'^' ^^dee 
 Mourt House and City HaU are «nll"'".-'\^°^P'''^^«J '^y^e. 
 Horns Street, upper town ti ^r ^'^ostantial stone edifiops 
 
 kns, -ill acJr?.;& Jp:S^^^ a fine s'S 
 
 [B3auport, 2| miles from theSi i. „ "^^^^^natic Asylum 
 H ^" a park of 200 acres ^t'^S 'f*'"^^ l>"iWin^ 
 htly erected, is a substanS an jl^n f '', ^^""'"'^^ M 
 >mus,cal entertainments, etc a^,. n'l.^"'*^ ^^^«°«' fitted 
 Mian Institute, the TuZ. "'V Quebec Exchano-,. th^ 
 
 bee Library As^ocfa'tio";? the^^^^^^^ Society: tt 
 
 k the most aoted and interesHnI • rf ^^^^^ry, etc'., are 
 ; i.o Roman Catholic CuhSli ^1^*'^''"^^ ?^' Q'^'^bec. 
 png, but with no great TTrpf^n • '*'"S° '^'^J commodious 
 f ;. the interior i« haSoldf fiUeT^^^^Tr^ '' ''^^ 
 fmgs ; the church will .eu 4 o7.n P' '^"^ ^^^ ^^^ ^'I fine 
 Knd a good orrran/ The Pnl; ^TT' ^^ ^^^ ^^ fine 
 ted fice, 135 feet^ :>y .5 feet ^ '^'^ "^""'^'f^'^ ^' ^ ^^ 
 fseat between 3,000 and 4000" ' '''''"'^^^ '° 1804, and 
 K stone building, erec ed ' f i^^friri. /''"/^^ ^^^'"^^^^ '« 
 
 bt. Andrew, Presbyterian rh„,;t ' • '.^^^ndsomely fitted 
 Accommodate abouM,200 Lrins' T " ^^ '^^ ^■««*' ««d 
 iBapti^t, one Co: regat oml^fonr P • '^''.'' '''*'^«' ^^ 1852, 
 
 No churches. ,. bee ?xL t?;<?/bT'?"' "'V^ ^^''^ '^^^'^'n 
 ks, two so,vings' b..ks and a numho^^'V''"^ '''''""^ b'^nk 
 i llie iiutels are num .s and «pv ^ ""^ insurance agea- 
 h usually thron-red • • . ^^^'^'''^l of them well-kenf 
 
 [ -ore are three nunneries , f 1 • , , 
 kwaluable hospital ; the nuns Sr'"^' *''' ""^^^^ ^'^^^ is 
 fee establishments, and asTn^rSrl^f T''' '' *'^^^ «'«k 
 feare numerous religious anrbenoS ?^.^*'"''° *«'"ales. 
 Ke, ■, board of trade amo^h.. -*'^''?*^ 'nstitutions, an 
 Iftablishnaents for educatS n '' ''''^'^''''' ^^c. AmonS 
 (to th3 University of QueJec • ^^I^''''- *^" ^^-^^ place"? 
 lof theology, rheforic.rnrmtl* m , tr '"'^filP^^' and'profes- 
 Jjtin and Greek clashes °'''"^'^'^t^'^*«' ^v'lth five re^^.uts for 
 
 Tf^ of tine vessels hav< been i;i3 7'} "'^"i^''^ ^^''k^. and 
 l^'l'mate. though on the wL^'.^fi", ^^''^.^^.^t^.ship yards. 
 "'Jt ui summer i»n^ n^i.j ■ '=."'-' ^"^^ iieaUiiy, ig ot. 
 ImUatiun is of French extr.V^r'''"''"-. '^^« '"''Jori^y of 
 r,'" inostly spe^in thf w""' ^^ *^« ^'••^Q«h Ian- 
 ^''C religion predominates '» '^''"^''' '^"'^ t^e Homac 
 
 1.- 1 
 
240 
 
 QUKUKC. 
 
 Steamships and other sea-going -essels of the largest biirJeil 
 come up to the wharves of Quebec. Its harbor or basin betwecij 
 the city and the island of Orleans is of great extent, having ij 
 general about 28 fathoms water, the tide rising from 16 to ij 
 feet at neaps, an<l from 24 to 80 feet at spring tides. The cor 
 mcrce of the city is very extensive, the lumber trade aloi 
 •living employment to a great number of ships during the sea 
 son of navigation, from May to November. Quebec has a rej 
 lar intercourse, by moans of steamers, with Montreal and porj 
 higher up the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa River ; also witf 
 Hnlifax, Liverpool, and other ports on both sides the Atlanticj 
 
 The Crajul Trunk Railway is now so far finished as 
 afford speddy comniiinication with St. Thomas, 49 miles bold 
 Quebec, with Portland, Me., Montreal, Kingston, Toronto, et^ 
 Its passenger and freight depots are situated at Point Lej 
 opposite Quebec, the two places being connected by steam ferrij 
 Steamers also run to different ports below Quebec, and duriji 
 warm weather make trips to the lower St. Lawrence and Sagu 
 
 nay rivers. 
 
 The following description of the city of Quebec is taken frd 
 Mr. Buckingham's late interesting work on Canad.^, etc. : 
 
 " The situation of Quebec is highly advantageous, in a coi 
 raercial as well as a military point of view, and its appearar 
 is very imposing, from whatever quarter it is first approacln 
 Though at a distance of four hundred miles up from the sea, * 
 magiuficent river on which it is seated is three miles in brea 
 a ifttle below the town, and narrows in to about a mile 
 breadth immediately abreast of the citadel ; having, in I 
 these parts, sufficient depth of water for the lai'gest sliips in 
 world— a rise and fall of twenty feet in its tides— and sp 
 enough in its capaciou? basin, between Cape Diamond on 
 one hand, and the Isle of Orleans on the other, to afford n 
 and anchorage for a thousaiid sail of vessels at a time, shelte 
 from all winds, and perl'ocly secure! A small river, tbe 
 Charles, has its junction with the St. Lawrence a little to 
 north of the promontory of Cape Diamond, and affords a fa\j 
 able spot for »hip-bii.i>Lng and repairs, as well a3 an es"" ' 
 wintei'-harbor fov ships lying up dismantled. 
 
 " The citadel of Quebec occupies the highest point of Q 
 Diamond, being elevated 350 feet above the river, and presii 
 
QUEBEC. 
 
 241 
 
 )us, m a col 
 
 tie point of ti.e promontory aTAltn^'^ °^ ^^''^ «^^ff«. round 
 to the very borders of the citSl ff^f ''^. "P^'^''^ f^om tlience 
 ower and Upper Town the fort til 'i i- ^^^ ^^"^'^ ^^^olS! 
 the ramparts or fortified ine, tSnHo?"^'"- ^^' ^^'-^t is below 
 «above and within that bSer Bp t? 'T^^'^^^nding all that 
 snburb, separated from OueW .r^''^^l'^««e, there fg a lar^'^ 
 
 ;,-y up through^",tp: n^^TL^Vr^'''' ^^ *« --^ 
 n narrower alley's on hi Xht amM Jt'' rn",' '''''''' ^^'^^^ 
 rtified line or barrier. Here hi l^L t' *li^ ^'"^ ^^^^^Jies the 
 kenght of which, after p' st L tl ''*'? ^y ^^^scott Gate, on 
 >? structure of the N^fS'L^'uf^ '\^-' '''' *h« ""P^ 
 fe , with its lofty cupola and fin! IT^ ^''°°« destroyed ]>v 
 ie eft, a double fligf t of "1. „ ^^'^'^''^'^"^''^^ front; L 1 on 
 Jdmg to one of tho^lest treetrl'''"^^^'"^ ^"^d^n st'jS 
 fArmes. Going across tlituJ'h' "'^ ^^«"'^« *« the Placo 
 ^nchcatheclraLs.thego^^erLSni- P^^^«V^« ^«gl!«'» "nl 
 J^'« right; and has the site of ttS?'' 'IT"^ P''^^=^«^ «f J^'^tic-! 
 ; platform overlooking he hatr n'"Y-"', '^J ^'- ^<^''^^- ^'H 
 lese, and continually arcenclin<; fnv ' , " J'u ^'^^ ^^^^^^i^ hy 
 ;;eaches the ramparts and Afos on h'''* ^'^^^ '"^ '"'^^ be/ond^. 
 
 fes only by making the ascend nl"? 'T' P^ '^^'' ^c^ause 
 s hat they couLrbo gofo er a! a r''h%T'^.'"S "'^"d tor 
 J hties in the surface^even of the vIL 'v ^''^''"« ^''i''' "le 
 uhvit.es in the form nnd direc 'n^.? H ^?'''' ^'^ *« <^«^<^r 
 e space occupied by the o 1 r^ ,- '^''•'^^' ' ^'l»ile the 
 
 «fier curtailing the lines :„ V'^.^'^'^"^ establishments, st U 
 area, that there is not ni- ^'^'T^ directions, so cut un 
 'ppareinlengtrWlLt-.''''*/" "" Q-iobecwiici 
 King 8treet o^Ioronto or'tl e^S f^^ '-^PP-^rance to 
 ; reels of Quebec are, theiofo e in ''T .'^ Montreal. 
 
 *ecl, steep, wr«M,n,iiJ ".^^ , ^^®' ?° general rtoi r. ..arm- 
 
 J^jith siaewalks:"an;rn!,nHi;^I wlih^''"' '^^'^ ^^'^^ V^o- 
 ate dwelntrs aro in „„°,'^',^^th lamps at .niol^fc t},. 
 
 f f 
 
 ■Pi" 
 
242 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 
 stone, with high, steep roofs, containing a double row of pro- 
 jecting garret windows, very lofty chimneys, and the roofs 
 principally covered with sheets of tin. The shops are also 
 small and mean, and greatly inferior in the extent and variety 
 of their contents to those of Montreal and Toronto ; though tlie 
 prices charged are, as we thought, higher here than in either 
 
 of these. 
 
 " The public buildings are scattered over the city with so 
 
 much irregularity, that their position seems to be as mueh tlie 
 
 effect of acci lent as design. Several of them, howovor, are so 
 
 pron\inently pla.ced and advantageously seen, that they relieve, 
 
 in some degree, the general monotony of the mass of ordinary 
 
 houses, and nre thus far ornamental to the town; while tlie I 
 
 ppires of (he churches, the dome of the Parliamesit House, and! 
 
 other elevated points rising from the general surface, with their 
 
 tinned roofa glittering in the sun, give a liveliness and variety 
 
 to the picture presented by the city, from every po.nt of view, 
 
 which no other place in Canada, and indeed few places on the 
 
 globe, present. j 
 
 " The earliest of the public buildings erected in Quebec wmI 
 
 undoubto lly the castle of St. Lewis, of which Champlain l;uilj 
 
 the fouii'hxtion on the 6th of May, U!24. The position chosenl 
 
 for it was a most commanding one, on the very edge of an nl-j 
 
 most perpendicular precipice of rock 200 feet above the river,! 
 
 yet close to its edge; as, between tlie cliff and thcstreiuaf 
 
 there is only just room enough for one narrow avenue, callel 
 
 Champlain Street. The cai^tle erected here was regarded ns the 
 
 pai vcc of the French govi mors, who received in it the fealty 
 
 and homage of the several seigneurs holding their lands accordj 
 
 ing to the feudal tenure of the times. Nor is this practice disj 
 
 continued; for, according to Mr. Hawkins, in his I'lcture of\ 
 
 Qufhec, the sovereignty of i-higland having succeeded to thai 
 
 of France, with all its ancient rights and privileges, the kiiig'J 
 
 representative, in the person of the Ihiglish governor, receiycj 
 
 the same homage at the present day as wns paid by the md 
 
 nours of former times ; this being one of the conditions on whicf 
 
 the f'J Jdnl tenure is sustained, llis words are these : I 
 
 •« ' Foulty and homage are rendered at this day (1H;]4) by ♦hi 
 
 seigneurs to the governor, as the representative of the ^ioveroigil 
 
 in the following form : llis ExcjUoncy being in full dri's=3, m 
 
 poated in a state-chair, surrountltd by his staff, and atteiidtj 
 
 by the Attorney-General, the Seigneur in an evening dre.ss,iinl 
 
 wearinsr a swcrd, is introduced into iiis presence l)y the In-H 
 
 tor-Ocnoral of the Uoval Domain and Clerk of the l-and iwij 
 
 Having delivered up his sword, he kneels on one knw before tlj 
 
 <jovernor, and placing his right hajid between tho>e of ttf 
 
 Governor, ho repeats al>ud the ancient oath of Mclity; m 
 
QUEDEC. 
 
 243 
 
 ffhich a solemn np<- ia,7....™^ 
 
 pose, which i^si^nVl b, the At'" '^ ''^''l'' ^«P* ^"^ ^^at pur. 
 
 till l«-''i!'wh?n"UtS'uTc' ^^^^-^l^^^' S— - r-iJ«J 
 
 and £10,000 wero exponded fbr /b « . """^ "ndorvrent repair; 
 istmtion of Sir Jainos^Cmi^ Anil fh'^-T '''''^'' ^^'« "^^l^^in' 
 seat of govornnient as bcSe- 12,SViw/' continued to bo the 
 ordinances issued, and all tbVn^r " *^'^ Pi'oclamations and 
 assemblies by the gov Inor h^^^ ^^"' '' '^^^ l^^ffi«lative 
 
 he castle of Quebec ft Vas also H? "^'"- ^^^'"^^ ^'^^^'^J ^'•«ni 
 oveesand private cntortaTnmen s of the"?? '^ ""^^ '^^' P"l^'i« 
 famibcs; and was therefore the Z.ff ^'^'''''■"''' ""^ *l'eir 
 and fashionable societv of tLi^J "'*""'''* '■""''"* «^' ^^^ the gay 
 ancient edifice was Srelv .lo^ "^^^r/ ^" 1^'^^' '>'^^^'ever, this 
 on the 23d of Janu • "y ?nCS\1f^^'-\'""'' "!''''' '"•'^'^« «u' 
 mer occupied it as his offi!!l.^ ,''''''*'''*' '^^''^n ^^ord Ayl- 
 every exertion made to sfve tho r^' ""^ ""^^^i^hstandrng 
 below zero, and the firo »! • ' *''«,*'i«rmometer ben.r at i>2^ 
 
 by a consuvn supply 7wf;rw??^^ ?,P^^'^ '^ being work^I 
 Maced to ashes. It^.as mvo,^!- '/^° castle was V,„ ro- 
 Durham, during his 8 Svtsf.-' "t ^T"" '"^^•"'1^' '>"t Wd 
 ruined h.aps that st^^cov .^j''rai"^ ^' ^^^ 
 
 ormer cd:lioe leveled, floored with wi° ,'''''''^* '"'"■•^ o^ the 
 beautiful idatforni. •.' th rfil LT' '""'^ converted into a 
 precipice, n.aking i one of M.e L h« v'^, "* *''" ^"'-'° «^" «»o 
 •nable-commanling an oxtoS v '^"'!.^ P-'omen.dos im.g. 
 down as far a,s M.e iskurc? i. l ""n'' V'" ''^^- '^'^^vronJe 
 Uips inunvliately before t nn,l )"'"*'" ^""■^*«'' «''«J ^ilh 
 hith Point ie-i. the vH ar.0 nH \ ^ ?^'^*''''° ^'^"'^ ^'" I''" ''iver; 
 
 tUudioro. ^-^'"uoiis imo ot cottages to tl.o Falls of 
 
 good reason to believe tbnt if « , Z^*' ^"^'""i there bcinir 
 
 h% in 1G08. Ilero too r.ff . '? ^"'''> «° '"'"""1 ng the 
 
 hasaof rocknuJle I'evd by .r and oxf ^"v' ^'" *"*", ^tands^n a 
 |l*rpondicul,ir procipieo Jf a» .'..T w»i ^^''''^ ^" '''*^ ^"'"'^ «f a 
 narrowest rart of w£ oh is commuid "''•l^''"^'' *''« ••'■^"••' «'e 
 li^'ge of this precipice bevondH 1 ^ *'^ '^' P'"""' ^'""^ the 
 
 lr'i'a-"'uio on which, and the vTow'fri.m i^rf ?r "^ H"^'*^'*'«« the 
 IftTior to tJuit already dospri u!^ . « li V''*""'''". )b ssaroely 
 pfSt. Lewis." ^ ^ioscnbod on the bUc of the old ciwtli 
 
 if ! 
 
241 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 Plaixs of Abraham. — This celebrated battle-field lies -^ 
 bhort distance southwest of the citadel. A monument is here 
 erected on the spot where Gen. Wolfe is said to have died, with 
 this simple inscription : " Here fell Wolfe victoriovs.'" A beau- 
 tiful monument is also erected, of recent date, to the memorios 
 of both V\'olfe and Montcalm, within the city walls!, with thij 
 inscription : " Immortal memory of Wolfe and Jlantcalin." 
 "WOLFE'S MONUMENT-QUEBEC. 
 
 " IIEttK FELL WOLFE VICTORIOUS." 
 
 A broken oolumn ! few and brief 
 
 The words inseribi-d upon U» stone 
 Tot speaks it of tiie dyin;; chii'f. 
 
 Triuinpliant talcs alone I 
 
 lit tells unfadini; glory shed 
 
 Upon tlie hero's parting hour; 
 Dying beside the host ho led, 
 
 To victory and to power ! 
 
 The trumpet's tone, the battle shout, 
 
 All sounds of triuuijjh eoine again, 
 As shines the brief inscription out. 
 
 Upon t'le storied plain. 
 
 The clashing sword, tlu' cannon's roar, 
 
 The beating f)f the wii,! war drum; 
 And the last shout, " They fly !" onco uiore 
 
 On fancy's vision come. 
 
 And marching round the hero's bed, 
 
 AVlth baiinirs floating free and fair 
 Are seen the ho'*t he nobly led 
 
 For England's glory there. 
 
 But years Imvo passed, and silence reign* 
 Where once was heard the battle cheer; 
 
 Of all the trophies naught remains — 
 This, only this, is hero. 
 
 A broken column ! brief, yet high 
 
 The oulitgy its words e<invey ; 
 Tlius in the triumph hour to (lie, 
 
 Breathes not of earth's decay. 
 
 Wolfo full in the moment of victory, and IMontcabn, who wa«| 
 mortally wounded in the action, expired noon after. Tnel 
 French, panic-struck by tho loss of tlio battl? and the ilea'iij 
 of their ccntmandor-ln-chief, surrcnderod tho city before oren 
 li sinfirl'j! battery hiid been oDcnod usjainsfc it. This iinDortantl 
 event, which transforrtnl tho jwssoisioji of Canada t'roiu t!;( 
 FrencU to the Engliuh nation, occurred ou tho 13th Sept., 1751)1 
 
Q.DEBEO. 
 
 245 
 
 bd of rofugo to the man/lovaSts vf"'' ^'""'^ '^ ^''^'''' ^f^e 
 ICnited States by the sSs of f f ? '"^ ZT ^'■^^^" ^om the 
 
 .ttack on Quebec would 'btVutet?uT?nr/*'^' ^'l^^' '^^ 
 1.11 Canada to join their cause S an oTt '- '''' ""V'^^ ''^^"^^ 
 ltd execution committed to fwn a^ ? ^*'*^*^^ ^'^^ planned, and 
 U Arnold. The J rilh /rn "'"''n"* S*'"'^''^l«' Montgomery 
 bdefen.se had boefso^t on tSr"^ '"H"''''^ '^ Canada^ 
 Inmost destitute of minLrrforce thP.°« r'^'''' '^' ^••^^'"^o ^•'^'' 
 lut all Canada only aEwift' L ^f"^.'"^"*'''"^^ through- 
 
 Ifien. Montgomery X3 from Tn?' r^ '^'^ ^^'^^^ ^^ t^^^S^ 
 y after a abort resistance took t h \?'''"^'^="" «" St. Johr '1 
 llontreal, which being pe^fecUvlf.,?.^ '''''''''"^ on against 
 Imerican arms on tlTe 12th ot^iWn f '^ 
 Itoe Gen. Arnold was knmvn o S ''' ^"^- ^^* ^^'^ ^anio 
 Ibward Quebec, from the Ne«r Fnl °,"'o"''^ *° '^^ advancing 
 kennebec Kive; through M^fno wlfct fh' 'f V^^ ^''^^ «^ ^^« 
 Ipr was a most daring^undmaidnr Tr^^'^ ^"^? P"''^"^ ^^ tli« 
 fys in the wild forests an<l it °' ^^ '''' P''''*'*"»«' thirty-two 
 
 tedible hardships and p v. ronsTn tin" rl^'"« ^''"^^ "- 
 InMcrness, Arnold and h « fn ""^ hitherto untrodden 
 
 It. LawreAn«. W /i.! ''L'!!',.^""^)^?''^ reached tho bnnks of the 
 
 < ! 1 «• 1 
 
 II 
 
 1 !; 
 
 "Oil the 1st of December tbio f,>, ,„ . . 
 
 h'^r one under ^one a AlontL^ '" '"'/ J^'"«'^ ^^ ^ '"""h 
 
 feo two the city was iLvosJin^T"'^' ^^"^ Montreal. By 
 
 i'm-lo with Hli;,t ^n/l S\"°: ^-.r" ^-'"l-'-'J'nents of 
 
 ^■'. A night attack w,a^lonihe;^^^^^^^^ '""'^l^ 
 
 'J i."I>ctuosity. but b^ S7Tn LV'''' ^''^''^^ ^""''"g" 
 "nery and nJiu-ly all his por onni «/ ff '"''"7' ^^*'"- *^""*- 
 rjtakmj ni-;..,>....»„ mi. ;"""»^i<«. aii'i with most of hia f.,ii,.«_ 
 
 ■;^M^y 
 
 rtsH 
 
24G 
 
 :.KEEC. 
 
 to reduce Quoboc ; as, during all the winter following they con-l 
 tinned to raceive reinforcements, and to invest the town ; and 
 in the spring of the year ensuing, May, 1776. they renewed 
 their attack on the citadal. Gen. Carleton, the English com-i 
 mander of the garrison, having received an important accessiun 
 to his force by the arrival of a small squadron under the cornl 
 mnnd of Sir Charles Douglas, bringing to his aid provisious] 
 ammunition, and men, was enabled to baffle every attempt macU 
 on the city, and ultimately to make a sally on the enemy, wher 
 they retreated, and abandoned their post. 
 
 " This was the last attack made on Quebec by any forei"n 
 foe, and as since that period the citadel has boon gradually 
 strengthened and improved, under every successive govornor of 
 the province, it is now in a condition to resist ten times the fovea 
 evoi- yet brought against it, and could not, so long as it conJ 
 tained supplies of provisions, and an adequate number of bravd 
 and faithful man, be conquered by any force likely to be brouglij 
 against it from this continent." 
 
 Genekal MoNTGOiMERY. — A tablet has been placed on tin 
 rock of Capo Diamond, near the spot where General MoatgDmerj 
 fell, with his two aids-do-camp, Majora McPherson ani Clioml 
 man, at Pres-de-villo, in the attack upon Quebec by tliu Anur-I 
 ican forces, in the winter of 1775-0. 
 
 The tablet is raised about fifty feet from the road, and bcarj 
 the following inscription : 
 
 HERE 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL MONTGOMERY FELL, 
 
 DECKMBER 81ST, 1775. 
 
 " It has long been a matter of surprise to our neighbors i 
 the United States, wlio, during the summer months, pour in i 
 continual stream of vi8it*^)r8 to our celebrated city, that nooltij 
 could bo founil by them to indicate the s^pot where Montgoracrj 
 fell. The event must over remain memorable in our coloiiia 
 history as terminating the last hostile struggle before the I'itJ 
 of Quebec. 
 
 " Quebec in muoh in lebted to tbo late Mr. Ilnwkina for tlij 
 labor lio has bustowod in bringing before the public the variouJ 
 htfltorical reuiiii!»o«noe.s connootcd with the city, and tliis tahj 
 let. erected by him. is a fresh proof of the inLorcvHt ho takes i 
 perpotii.ating tho >*tuol lection of every incident connecttnl wit| 
 the many warl k« and momorublo events illuming tho anna 
 of our Amoricttii Gibraltar." See ILvwitiNs* Qukbh-c. 
 
VICINITY OF QUEBEC. 
 
 i r 
 
 247 
 
 in 
 
 yiCmUY OF QUEBEC, 
 mthin a fe^ hoars' ride oro u..,^ "'° ^"'""7. 
 
 ^- St. u„«ee „„d c ~t'e: ' :":r""',"V'-° 
 
 ijceiuc grandeur ^^^"" unnvalocj La 
 
 EXCURSIOIV TO PAur. « 
 
 l«.d cross the Plains of Abraham ,„ .1 ■ , °"'" °"'«' 
 
 fife fcU. A a,ile from the Je "5"' "i """ ^' »h»- 
 
 Itongod during the snrin. ami f " '^^'""■"■' "«<"■ " 
 
 l-i Wanchin'g .0 ^^o^uXT/.w." ""'= '"'''-' 
 lo Ho place where he landed ^i,l,^ • ^ '"""■• "'"*™'"<' 
 .ptureof Quehee, tat n o" oeer^ilVb'; a""'?"™"' '° "■« 
 fcd lumber-yard. The road b ,^ '""™'" "'"I'-J'"'" 
 f«gh a fine grove, t'th avennr"!™"'/"^ '°™ '"^'"- 
 ^try residences overlooking ri^ero" Ii7''°" '"°"'"' 
 h P« along occasional glimp JtTJ:, t ^^ °"'"'' °" 
 
 Un the neighborhood of th^cSudS I^"" '"° "^^=''" 
 
 N;:;risC:i::r:r::;e°r,::"r r--" "■» -'*• 
 
 h left atretthes the fine cuUrtl, ^,"°"'- '^''"' ""•< '» 
 h«l«l »n the norlhwcs bv „ , "^ "' ""> *■ """-les. 
 
 . «. w,s J;I^"^:re7brr:.^ '"'• 
 
 |l"'rf. spires scattercl over the i„„„„ '""<"'" »"'' 
 
 i^*o. appear, ho Fa Lof h T"°* "*°" ^ ■»""»"'«'• 
 
 *aa,,a„di„fr„„tspre:d .^'^ ,":;:frr"''''°'*°' 
 P«»f Cape Diamond and Pun TTr!.^"'' "'"'''''' ''°''' 
 
 k.„r:redt;i;::;:;ri'i^i»- 
 
 Nmii roiumo i)f water 'ri.„„ . ^ . ' ^'''^ "'"ugh but 
 
248 
 
 VICINITY OF QUEBEC. 
 
 The Indian Village, at the falls, is inhabited by the rewaiiu, 
 of the once powerful tribe of the Hurons. 
 
 The hills or mountains on the northwest of Lorctte may be 
 said to be the bounds of white settlements in North America, 
 although, at no distant period, the upper Saguenay River and 
 Lake St. John will, no doubt, be reached in this direction by 
 railroad. 
 
 FAI.LS OF aiOXTMOKENCI. 
 
 In going to the Falls of Montmorenci, which should be \Isited 
 by every lover of picturesque natural scenery, you pass through 
 the suburbs of Quebec, mostly inhabited by French Canadians, 
 and cross the river St. Charles, near its mouth, by a wooilon , 
 toll bridge. ' Here are situated on the roadside several pi. :,ty 
 country residences, on the route to Bcavport, which is a long , 
 scattered village about half way between Quebec and Montmo- 
 renci, although for most of the distance there are dwellings! 
 BO contiguous as to appear like one continued settlement. 
 At Beauport there is a Roman Catholic church with three j 
 spires ; and a little farther north may be seen a neat monu- 
 ment and cross near the road, where are frequently found per-j 
 sons kneeling at thiiir devotions. 
 
 The celebrated Montmorenci Falls, situated eight mllcsl 
 below Quebec, is a grand cataract. The river is bui; 00 fcetj 
 wide, but the height of the falls is 240 feet. The elfect onthej 
 beholder, says Professor SJlliman, is d<4ightful. All stiaiiffersl 
 at Quebec proceed to visit Montmorenci. 
 
 " The etFoct of the view of these falls on the beholder is mostj 
 delightful. The river, at some distance, seems suspended inthej 
 air, in a .sheet of billowy foam, and, contrasted as it is, witlil 
 tbe bl ick frowning aby.s8 into which it falls, it is an objwt of j 
 the highest interest. The sheet of foam, which tir-*t breal(ft 
 over the ridge, is more and more divided as it plunges and ia 
 dashed ngaui.st the successive lay rs of rock, which it almoss 
 completely vails fi oni view ; the bj ray bcoonios very dolicatflj 
 and abundant from top ti> bottom, hanging over and rovolving 
 around tlie torrent tiii it bocomosi iighior and more evunesweni 
 than the whitest fleecy clouds of summer, thun the tino^t *t-j 
 tenuated web, than the lightest gcwsaraer, conatitu ug the niosf 
 airy and sumpUious drapery that can be imagined. Yet, ! 
 
by the reniaiius 
 
 VICIMTY OP Qt^EDEC. 049 
 
 fide, but exalts, the effects nrocu/M .r°'''"'' ""« ^^^^ not 
 
 "Those who visit the Ss^in Zi^^, *^^' "^^^« ^-^t'-^ract. 
 fced to the scene, altl'ou^ they u.:w!f; ''' '^' ^"« ^^^^«^-« 
 H ?"?^^f '.«»^l forms ^veSrcoLnfn'''T ^V^'^^' '^"^»« 
 Urd in height, standing ifnmSiatefv n. ^^ ^T"^''"^ ^■"«^' «r 
 faract hke some huge giSnt of1a^ffi3 no otty "^'^ '' "^ 
 ^he A'atiiral Stent in fi,^ ^- ■ •. ^^wiieiy. 
 
 U on the river 1h„ , ^ """"^ ""*"' "^^S 
 r <= 'ivtr, renaering it a favorite roxnvt nf fi , 
 
 angbug and romantic scenery Thll \ ' ^''''^'^ 
 
 Hy. TIicso mills have u™,r,I If "^""''"'f " ""I'-' 'n a race- 
 |«-. aad are said o b ^S JoL ,"' "" '" ■"°'"'' " 
 kto in a single day In wi! ! T '°° "" ""'"■' '''^0 
 
 t i» -gea,edrandTf.en ;r ;• tol'T ™"* ''™"' '"» 
 
 '•M npward in height, ^t Con "?;"';""" °' "° '«> 
 
 'to falls that Gen W„]ll. "> ° '"' ""t* Si-OMda north 
 
 k-eand belew P „ Lvi . T?"""'.""" "^ "I'p.site shore 
 
 N.0 the fans, and'he". -'eh i:;:/; e sT'c'h" T '"■'™'' 
 m Falls oc ^r i ^*- ^faarlea. 
 
 Ua,ne,";„:;et;ire o";;,:';"'!" °" "'° ^'-^ ■" •"« 
 
 ;«»ch.e, an,, present, a .^n^^^^^^::;] f -"- ■»■ 
 wnorv, both in tl,e,„,elvos ami II, ""'"■ 
 
 U nv ]e„vi„„ „,....,""!' "" "■ '""""'iate neighbor. 
 
 •ke Falls of'Ln't;:;;^!;.,""*'^; "'° '™'-'^' ™° 
 
 ■--.-- .cren.ai„def„rrd%':r::;;rber 
 
 'I ' 
 
 (. 
 
250 
 
 VICINITY OF QUKBKC. 
 
 Lake St. Charles, 13 miles north of Quebec, is a favorij 
 resort of tourists, particularly of thoL'e who are fond of auglinJ 
 as the lake abounds with fine trout. Parties intending to rj 
 main any length of time would do well to bring some of tlj 
 good things to be found in the larders of Quebec with them, 
 it is not at all times that the supplies in the vicinity ,ire 
 that can be desired. 
 
 The Chaudiere Falls, on the river Chaudiere, nine mill 
 
 fibovo Quebec, situated on the opposite side of the St. Lawrent] 
 
 are very beautiful, and much visited. Tliey are 130 feot big 
 
 The cataract is a fierce and noisy one. The fullowlug iaCJ 
 
 Bouchette's description : 
 
 " The continued action of the water has worn the rock in 
 deep excavations, that give a globuhir figure to the rcvolvij 
 bodies of white foam as tliey descend, and greatly int reaso ; 
 beautiful effect of the full ; the spray thrown up being quicli 
 spread by the wind, produces in the sunshine a moss spicnj 
 variety of prismatic colors. The dark-hued foliage of the wool 
 that on each side press close upon the margin of the rivor, fori 
 a striking contrast with the snow-like effulgence of the falli| 
 torrent ; the hurried motion of the flood, agitated among 
 rocks and hollows, as it forces its way toward the 8t Lawrer 
 and the incessant sound occasioned by the cataract itself, foj 
 a combination that strikes forcibly upon the senses, and amj 
 gratifies the curiosity of the adm.ring spectator." 
 
 On visiting the above falls, the tourist crosses the riverl 
 
 Point Levi, and then obtains a conveyance for the excui'sij 
 
 passing up the St. Lawrence for a few miles. 
 
 BABLE OP DIS' 
 
 DISTANCES FEOM QUEBEC TO KAKOUNA, CIIICOUTIMI, EJ 
 
 Miles.] 
 
 QUEBEC to Ghosse-Tsle iij 
 
 " Sr. Thomas W-i{ 
 
 •« River Ouello 82-7| 
 
 *» Murray Bay 12-8 
 
 • K amour ASKA 6-l)J 
 
 •• Riviere du Loup 20-ll| 
 
 *« Kakouna 10- 
 
 ** Tadiiusac Ml 
 
 •• Ha-Ha Bay 54-lt 
 
 « CIIICOUTIMI io-i:a 
 
TABLE OF DISTANCES. 
 ITABLE OF BISTAN^CES BETWEEN QUEBE' 
 
 PlBi-en. 
 
 Mile 
 
 |[ake St, Peter 
 
 ^ILLIVAt TIr:iVKY. 
 
 llONT.IEAL.. 
 
 IFEBEC 
 
 lichelieu Itapkls 45 
 
 jftiREi; KivKHs 35 
 
 .30 
 
 .15 
 
 .45 
 
 iCHKVTo,7«aCanal. 9 
 
 leauli.'irnoi.s jg 
 
 peado Rapids 1 
 
 fflit Rock " 3 
 
 dar " 9 
 
 TEAu mj Lac 5 
 
 linca,ster jq 
 
 •Regi.s 13 
 
 |(X. r. State Line.) 
 
 k.VWALI, 3 
 
 [(Long Saut Rapid.) 
 |ckinson's Landing. 10 
 FOTen's Point 4 
 
 PILUAMSBURG 11 
 
 pid Plat. ... i> 
 
 f*rii,DA 5 
 
 put Iroquois 2 
 
 [illopn.'ipids 6 
 
 fiiscoTT or 
 
 fcBKNSUURGH 6 
 
 Isitland 7 
 
 HOCKVIT.T.K 5 
 
 [(Thousand Islands.) 
 
 ■naiKque 30 
 
 P-VOSTON...., , . 22 
 IDisTvNOK from Qukbhc to 
 /cnt Ml the St. Lawreno 
 r fret. 
 
 F.om 
 
 
 
 45 
 80 
 110 
 125 
 170 
 179 
 
 197 
 
 198 
 
 201 
 
 203 
 
 208 
 
 224 
 
 237 
 
 240 
 
 251 
 
 i,m 
 
 PlarcK. 
 
 Mil 
 
 250 
 
 254 
 
 205 
 
 207 
 
 272 
 
 274 
 
 280 
 
 286 
 293 
 298 
 
 328 
 
 
 KINGSTON 
 
 Gananoque 2'' 
 
 (Thousand Islands.) 
 
 B/tOCKVI],I.K jjo 
 
 Maitland 5 
 
 Pri:*^cott, or 
 
 Ogden«buiigh 7 
 
 Gallop R.apids q 
 
 Point Iroquois 6 
 
 Mattlda.. o 
 
 <w 
 
 Rapid Plat 5 
 
 »» ILLIAM.SBURG. ... 2 
 
 barren's Point U 
 
 Dickinson's Landing. 4 
 (Long Saut Rapid.) 
 
 Cornwall jq 
 
 St. Regis 3 
 
 (N. Y. State Line.) 
 
 Lancaster 13 
 
 CoTEAir nuLAC...16 
 
 Cedar Rapids 5 
 
 Split Rock " o 
 
 Cascade "... 3 
 
 Beauharnoia j 
 
 La Chine 13 
 
 MONTREAL . . . .\\ 9 
 William Henry.. 45 
 
 Lake St. Peter 10 
 
 Three Rivers 35 
 
 Richelieu Rapids. . .35 
 
 QUEBEC ^5 
 
 Niagara P 
 
 F'roiri • 
 Kings loii. 
 
 
 22 
 
 62 
 67 
 
 64 
 70 
 76 
 78 
 83 
 85 
 96 
 100 
 
 110 
 118 
 
 126 
 
 142 
 
 147 
 
 149 
 
 162 
 
 163 
 
 171 
 
 180 
 
 225 
 
 235 
 
 270 
 
 805 
 
 350 
 
 f 
 III 
 
 ALLS, 570 miles. 
 
 ™Kiver.fr„mKtag,ro"n;rQuobS: 
 
ffilP ROM 
 
 As a trip dowi 
 
 louna, and the fj 
 
 Pf years, bcconi 
 
 pamboat excurs 
 
 f the author sod 
 
 the steamboj 
 
 :«am, passing a 
 
 fended, running < 
 
 pe city and citj 
 
 The beautiful lij 
 
 fieofthe river, ne: 
 
 iig bounded by 
 
 •■ the waters ol 
 
 I lie romantic I 
 
 pebec, are seen t 
 
 ^^r, plunging o 
 
 'directly into th 
 
 of the St. La 
 
 '^glish and Fr 
 
 Jpture of Quebec b; 
 
 !fe repulsed withe 
 [Die Island of Or 
 
 Jthe river through 
 J»«t, 20 miles long li 
 (butiful growth ol 
 
 I^Tater, and the 
 ^"led, the aspect ol 
 
 mW; nf *1,_ Tr- ■■ 
 ■ "• ^«- XiUUSO 
 
 ilationofaboutr, 
 'Canada, axcept: 
 
r ™» QWBEC TO THE SAGUEMY ItlVEB. 
 
 leamboat excursion wp«ni.? • ^^^^«^'°Sly interesting 
 
 f»e city and citadel of Queb^ "' *'"'"« " «"« ''™ 
 
 fc.S'.tLtatlT':-''''"'' *" «»^' » •>"» -e 
 
 IThe romantic i^'a//^ nf \r^ . 
 
 h are .3. totft at r;r;rr r'T r- 
 
 Ner.plunginffoverannim... ® '^^''^ of the .. 
 
 * of the St. LawrLe ™; Jr"''*'^'^ "*"■ ™ 'he ^ 
 ,' Vi»li and French amto 11 ! T''" "'""'"'»"«=»» , 
 
 Repulsed with loXZtiZ "'• " ''"* '"» •="«* ■ 
 
 f ',20 „ne» long by ;f rf:' t' "r^"- "'"'' " «'• 
 f»«iful growth of for^; "f ""';■"' '" P»" o=.cred wia 
 l;..or. and the ^ o t""'" '" "" '°^' "•'™ 
 
 fction of":b::™:„"ri;ar ^ '"^'■"'■"'^- '" '^--« 
 
 k Canada, W4 t at ra^ LTl"" ■"° '^"' "'"' '" 
 *■ S mat raied in the vicinity of Montreal. 
 
 #:jr''I 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 Illll 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 1.4 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WeST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIBSTER.N.Y. MSSO 
 
 (716) S73-4503 
 
254 QUEBEC TO THE 8AGUENAY RIVER, ETC. 
 
 St. Patrick's Hole, eleven miles below Quebec, on th 
 Orleans shore, affords a fine anchoi age for vessels of tho large 
 size. It was here, soma CO years ago, that the immen.'^e timbd 
 Bhip was built, supposed to be the largest vessel, by far, tlij 
 ever crossed the Atlantic. 
 
 The Parish of St. Laurent, 14 miles below Quebec, is lianil 
 somuly situated en the southeast side of the ialanil, whit li i,« ?d 
 tied exclusively by French Canadians, mostly enjj;nged in tiilj 
 vating the soil. The dwellings have a remark;ibly n?at 1) 
 being one story high, with both roof and sides painted white. 
 
 Tlie southeast shore of the St. Lawrence, for many uiil.H 1 
 low Point Levi, presents a succession of villages and liamloj 
 .consisting each of a cluster of houses with a church stun linjj 
 tho midst, and with its aspect of guardianship and guidam'J 
 tho families dwelling around, imparting to tho Ian iHcnpcj 
 moral expression, which greatly enhances its picture»f| 
 beauty. 
 
 The vessels usually seen on this part of the St. Lawrence i 
 of the larger class of merchant auips. Tho arrivals at tlie \i 
 of Quebec average somo 1,400 to 1,500 anmiully, mostly M 
 (jroi; Britain, and besides other colonial produce, tl.cy c;i| 
 back immense quantities of timber and lumber. 
 
 Maiiam Island, 20 miles from Quebec, is one of sevj 
 small islands lying below Orleans. Tho river here wi Ions to | 
 niilci, which gradually increases all the way to its numtli; 
 for most of tho distaaco there are two ship channels, ciillel 
 north and south ckannds, tho latter being tho best puJ if 
 navigated. 
 
 Cape Touiiment, 80 miles below Quebec, is ft Iwld prom 
 tory (in the northwest side of tho river rising to (ho lieighj 
 about 2,000 foot, and seen at a great distance. Hero tlio i 
 cry is truly grand. 
 
 \.<;ir>;^si;: XiiL,AKi!, opposuo L:tpe iouTlnvrit, ;= -.u-- f-- 
 ttation for vessels ascending tho river, and it has a hwpit^ 
 Roman Catholic chnpol, and other buildiigs usually cunnej 
 with such au establishment. 
 
QUEBEC TO TUB 8AQUKNAY lUVBR, ETC. 255 
 
 h Thomas 40 miles from Quebec, on the southeast shore. 
 Iri^uated at the mouth of a stream called South River The 
 Ve of the St. Lawrence is lined with a succession of dwelling 
 tmany „„ es below, with high grounds rising in the distance^ 
 bnd wluch may occasionally be seen the hills formerly 
 Nca by the American., as the boundary between the State 
 I .a,no and Canada. Ilore terminates the Grand Trunk 
 
 \t7r *^ Jf"'°'^'^"^' ^''' ^'» l'" o-'^tended soon some 100 
 Ees farther, to Trois Pistohs. 
 
 ICka.e Is.A.n, Ao mile, below Quebec, is fertile and settled 
 Z!ur " '^ ""''^ ""' ''""^'''^"^ ''^'^^''^'^ °f the 
 
 iGoosK I.LAxn, 50 n.ile.s from Quebec, is owned by the Nuns 
 li 18 cultivated as a farm, by tenants ' 
 
 Irhe P..r .ns, GO miles below Quebec, is the name given to 
 [era s.na'I rocky .lets, on one of which stands a light-house 
 bo the scenery :« peculiarly grand „,ul interesting. The vast 
 jary of the river below looks indeed like an opening to the 
 «m. The shores for some ten miles onward arc studded with 
 «mg residences, while the hills in the distance, on both sides 
 
 lji«ty.nve miles below Quebec is the remarkable channel 
 
 *t through th.s narrow and dangerous passage 
 Ibu Aux CWnn.. (Wo of Filberts) is a large body of land 
 fcg oward the north shore, opposite the Day of St Paul' 
 
 alxmt (,.. mile, from Quebec. It is nai,! that when Jacques' 
 ^r anchored here, on his first voyage of discovery l^Z 
 Lawrence, ho gave this island the name it yet bears from 
 quantity of filbert,,, or ha.el nuts, which he'found ;;:;re 
 IT. Ann K stands on fhn H<iii»i.-.,.„. -t.-_- . . _ . " 
 
 Here ,8 a Catholic college and a sottlomont of consider. 
 Nuo. about <0 roilPfi from Quebec, 
 r' you approach Ooose Capo. 75 miles below Quebec, th. 
 ^iH of the river 8.H,n. to declioP in the di.taaco; the river 
 
 i \\\ 
 
2^0 QUEBEC TO THE SAQUENAY KIVEH, ETC. 
 
 now being freo of islands, presents a largo expanse of waterj 
 here being about 18 miles wide. 
 
 Murray Bay, 80 miles below Quebec, lies on the norlhwflsl 
 side of tho St. Lawrence, at the mouth of a river of tiio samj 
 name. This is a fine section of country, producing wheat anj 
 other kinds of grain in abundance. Beyond tliis place is seeu 
 beautiful range of hills, terminating at Cape Eagle and Cip^ 
 Salmon on tho east. This delightful place has become, witliiu i 
 few years, a fashionable summer resort for tho Canadiaiu. 
 
 Kamourask A, situated 90 miles below Quebec, on the sou;h| 
 east side of the river, contains about 1,500 inhabitants, and i| 
 surrounded by a fruitful district. Vessels can land here onlj 
 at high watier ; at low water, passengers are taken asliore il 
 small boats. In the rear of this village are soon abrupt an| 
 sterile hills with little or no verdure. In front are two or thrt 
 small islands, chiefly resorted to for fisliing and batliiii;^. tliil 
 being a favorite resort, during tho summer months, for th| 
 citizens of Montreal and Quebec, and is no doubt destlneJ 
 become a fashionable watering-place, where sea-bathing win 1 
 enjoyed by invalids and seekers of pleasure. 
 
 About 105 miles below Quebec are tlie I'i/grim Islands, 
 group of ropky islets which are passed to tlio right. On tlio lefl 
 a few miles below, is Hare Island, tho middle of the rivei 
 
 Tho settlement at tho Rivieu Loup, 110 miles beioi 
 
 Quebec, on Uio southeast side of tho St. Lawrence, contuin < abod 
 1,500 inhabitants. Hero comni.'nccs tho great road from t!^ 
 St. Lawrence River to the St. Jolin's, by tho way of tho Mad/^ 
 waska River and settlement. 
 
 Cacona or Kakouna, 120 miles bolow Quebec is a fashion 
 able sea-bathing resort. 
 
 Rku Island lies oflf the mouth of tho Saguenay, this bcinj 
 the first island of tho small group met on ascending tho 
 Lawrence. It is desiituto of a light, and hu» caueioJ mi»ny sn;^ 
 wrecks during tho prevalence of fogs and storms, so frequent ( 
 (he.lower part of the river and (hilf of Ht. Lawrence. riRKtl 
 luLAND lies nearly opposite Rod Island, on the southeast. 
 
ause of water! 
 
 30 is a fiisliioa 
 
 QUfiBKC TO TH£ BAGUKNAY RIVER, ETC. 257 
 
 EIVEE BU LOUP AND KAKOUNA. 
 From Vie pen of a talented Correspondent of Vie Montreal Gazette. 
 "RiviERR Du Loup is a prettily situatad village, takin<. its 
 "le from Its river, which river has been made available fo? the 
 poses of an extensive saw-mill, a water-power being created 
 Its pi^ecpitation over a ridge of rocks, which form the very 
 .utilul Kiviere du Loup Falls. There are a few '« English'* 
 tiers (the word being used in its general sense as distinluish- 
 ■from " French'^ and a clergyman of the Church of Kand 
 istat.oned here Six miles from Riviere du Loup is the village 
 . f ^''«^^^' «dopt the Indian and more euphonious uamo! 
 ich IS effectually supplanting the corruptions of "Cacona" 
 Kl Cocona now in vogue. Kakouna is formed into a v.llaco 
 omthe invariable custom of placing the houses on the front of 
 le farms. It is prettily situ.ted on a high ridge, alon^ which 
 .ses the highway. Lehind tiie ridge on which th^vaiage 
 ids, gently sop,3 a valley, which is well cultivated, a^cenl 
 [gradually till ,t attains a considerable elevatioi. at the rear 
 «m, where another village and church are placed. In 
 ont the Kakouna ridge a curtain of treos intervenes bL-twoen 
 village and the beach. The view from Kakouna i^ verj 
 e^mg Ihe river stretches out before it in a noble width of 
 .enty-hvo nnlos 1 he farther shore is a continuous succession 
 mountamH Amid them opens up the scarcely visible em- 
 "cliuro of he Sagu.nay. Up the ri 'er the pilgHm rocln look 
 ".m,,nd solitary. Midway, //.,•. /,/.„,/ rises^fV.m t t ^r- 
 ending waters li.low. Kakouna Island projects i„^o the 
 fw, lonumg a bay. Hunsei at Kakouna sometimes pies'nts 
 encl.an;u.g spectacle. The gently rippling waters ghum 
 slune with the sparkling luster derived fronrthe rays of " 
 fciaimg sun. Th« brilliant coloring and cliai g^jful hues of t ui 
 ^ning ..ky appear to rest upon the somber mountains, which 
 •^ir m:dway with a zone of gray mist, contrast strangely with 
 e gleaming dark blue river which laves their bas- Far a" 
 loeyo can reach, the wide expanse glitters, as if set with cuh ' 
 cvory hue -its calm repose unbroken, snvo by the iiumm.u« " 
 ^Js wh.d. with their >*hito sails Uoating on fho breei" Z! 
 Jt. i (he industry of man and his power over the eleinrn i or 
 Jo sliun;s ot the islets which, bathed in light, rise f.u n it . 
 
 ri." ""!'"'•. t»°. '•!«««. the river wears a peculiar 
 fiiHiiMir. and the mind w lrro«;»n».i,r j,...,-. ^i .^•.,^ 
 
 I 
 
 iita 
 I'tiiro'.s God 
 
 majesty, and led to a coniemplation from 
 '".s Uod. 
 liul, to pass on from this digression, a word 
 
 nature 
 
 up to 
 
 plviint 
 
 ion 
 
 ^'OH .>( Uiviere du Loup an I Kakouna as wiiter.n'' p1 
 
 easy of access, with u telegraph at Uivioro du Lo 
 
 or two as to the 
 
 aces 
 
 up and H 
 
 li M 
 
 
 
258 
 
 QUKBKC TO THK 8AGUKNAY RIVER, ETC. 
 
 daily mail, these places are every year becoming;' more resorted 
 to. There is now much increased accommodation at Kiikouna] 
 whore are two large and commodious hotels, and a good boanlJ 
 ing-houso. These contain many visitors, but many families uri 
 accommodated in the farm-houses— renting these and prov;ci:nl 
 for tliemselvcs. This is a comfortable and indcpemUiit plnnl 
 The houses are improving in accommodation ; the prnctice is beJ 
 ginning to be established of the Canadian families having a 
 smaller house, to which thoy betake themselves so as to give td 
 the visitors control of the whole of the farm-house A low humd 
 comforts will naturally be wanting, but life in Kakouna is nol 
 without its attractions, and the deprivation of a few comCoi-J 
 makes one appreciate them more keenly when regained, j 
 baker leaves rogularly at the liouses good bread. 13uet', pouitiTj 
 mutton, salmon, herrings, pigeon, sardines, eg;^s, mill;, aili 
 butter present a bill of fare that shows there is no dan'^nr on 
 starving, while strawberries, raspberries, and blueb-Ti ,is ar^ 
 besides to be had in the greatest abundance. The stra.viieirji 
 grows in peculiar profusion, and of a singularly ex • ilionj 
 quality, attaining often a large sizo. The children of the vilJ 
 Inge reap a harvest while they continue. The sportsman will 
 not find much game, through trout are abundant in the strcanil 
 and lakes. There are, it may be remarked, attractive placeJ 
 for walks and dri cs, however. But the main recommenlatiort 
 of the two places in question, is the comparative moderation ol 
 the temperature, and the fact that open air exercise* can. at all 
 periods of the day, be enjoyed. The heat is never exces-sivo. Inil 
 the air of the evening is often decidedly cool. On the wholel 
 these watering-places of the St. Lawrence will no doubt continiif 
 to attract a steady annual stream of visitors, desirous of luxurij 
 ating in a cool atmosphere and enjoying sea-bathin;j;, whili 
 other places on the Lower St. Lawrence, presenting equal oj 
 greater advantages, will no doubt ir. duo course come into noj 
 'ice, and prove desirable planes of resort so soon as the necessarj 
 facilities for reaching them shall have been supplied." 
 
 As you approach the month of the Saguenay Rivicr, th| 
 waters take a very black hue, perceivable for many miles belon 
 aud extending far into the St. Lawrence. Just within the raoutll 
 of the river, near Tadousao, there is a round mountain peak 
 called T6te du Botile, about 800 feet high, while on the opposit 
 bank there i,i another bold eminence. 
 
 TAnousAC, 140 miles bel iw Quebec, is situated on the northl 
 west shore of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Saguoniij 
 Il'ver. This is a post belonging to tho Hudson Bay Company 
 
OITEBEC TO THE SAGUENAr RIVKn, ETC. 2:>9 
 
 I is the residence of one of its partners ami an agont. Thov 
 yone are allowed to trado with the Indians in the interior who 
 Wally visit this place, but more frequently Ohicoutinu, at 
 .head of navigation on the Saguenay, and tlic post at the 
 
 . ;^ " ' ""■'"'" '°"'' "^ *^° company-s agents also ro • 
 e At Tado.-.ac is a Roman Catholic chapel, a store, and 
 .rehous3. and some eight or ten dwellings. Here is ovected 
 flag-staff, surrounded by several pieces of cannon, on an emi- 
 bce elevated about 60 feet and overlooking the inner harbor 
 Jere IS a sufficient depth of water to float the largest vessels 
 113 place was early settled by the French, who are said to have 
 .re erected the first dwelling built of stone and mortar in 
 fnada, and the remains of it are still to be seen. The view is 
 Iceedmgly picturesque from this point. The southern shore 
 f the St. Lawrence, may be traced even with the naked eye for 
 by a league-the unau^.Uing lines' of snow-white cottages 
 •retchmg far away, both east and west-while the soene^is 
 «dered gay and animated by the frequent pas.sn-^e of the 
 tohant vessel plowing its way toward the port of Quebec 
 rUrrying upon tlie descending tide to the Gulf-while from' 
 h„mmit of the hill upon whi.h Tadousac stands, the sublil 
 ^d mipressivo scenery of the Saguenoy rises into view. 
 
 I W. extract from the Report of the Commissioners for explor- 
 H the Sagucnay, published in 1829, the following • 
 
 iflat terrace at the basn nf fL • '^°'^' "»<• <<'i'ming 
 
 m elevated point, on oitlier side of ♦!.« « *" "'® 
 
 '< 
 
 I' I 
 
 I f 
 
 '&■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 »( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M, 
 
260 
 
 SAGUKNAY RIVER. 
 
 L'ance a L'eau, or Water Har 30r, situated on the Sague 
 nay, about a half a mile above Tadousac, is the name of a set- 
 tlement whore ia an extensive lumber establishment. 
 
 The St. Lawrence River, below the mouth of the Saguenay, j 
 ossumes an imposing appearance, gradually widening until itsl 
 breadth exceeds one hundred miles. 
 
 THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 "This river has its mouth, according to common computation,! 
 loO miles below Quebec, on the north sliorc of the Sr. Lawrence,! 
 in latitude 48 deg. 6 min. 38 sec. long., 70 deg. 40 min. wc3tf 
 from Greenwich. It discharges a much greater body of water] 
 than any other river that falls into the St. Lawrence. IndeedJ 
 it is the largest river in North America, the St. Lawrence ex^ 
 cepted, east of the AUeghanies. i 
 
 " It takes the name of Saguenay only below Lnle St. Johnl 
 which lies about 120 miltes N. by \V. of Quebec. From Tadou] 
 sac, a distance of about 140 miles to the lake, the course of thi 
 river is nearly east and west, Tadousac being, as before stated! 
 in lat. 48 dog. min. 38 sec, and the south side of Luke St] 
 John in 48 deg. 23 min. 12 sec, giving only 10 miles to tliif 
 north of Tadousac." 
 
 This lal<c, which is nearly circular, is about 40 miles across) 
 and it is the center of an extensive region, the waters of wliiclT 
 flow into it from the north, the west, and the sonth, in twclv! 
 principal rivers, being discharged to the east by the Saguenay 
 
 The streams which flow into this lake from the south, tli! 
 west, and the northwest have their sources in a mountainoii 
 tract which ranges nearly east and west for a long distance! 
 and then, far in the west, bends noi'thwardly, separating thea 
 waters from those which seek the St. Lawrence above Queba 
 ond the Ottawa ; and regarding them in their still wider rclfl 
 tions, they are part of the extensive range of highlmds whicj 
 divide the basin of the St Lawrence from that of Hudson Bn 
 sind its tributaries. 
 
 " The country, the waters of which are discharged into tli 
 St. Lawrence by the Saguenay, is more extensive than all tn 
 rest of Lower Canada ; but it has till lately contained, proB 
 iibly, not more than a few hundred Indian families, who hvc I 
 
Ln'.c St. John, 
 
 fiAGUENAY RIVER. gQ] 
 
 I "The passage of the Va^Irs of hi «f ""P""'"'' P™^^"^^- 
 Ifc-IIa Bay to tlio St. LawreTce a Juf "^"'"i'J/™™ ^^^^w the 
 Irfthe wonders of nature SvVeneh^? 1^^'^ f»'^-^'^' ''^ °ne 
 fcous tract, composed of sieiJt^S ' l *^'°"S'' ^ '""""t- 
 lanalin many places, with banks ^f^eni^f^^^ ''" '"""^»*^« 
 Ifem a thousand to fifteen hunc red L^f Ifr^n"''''" ^'"'^J^'' r'"^'""^' 
 Iver, which is from a hundred tnnt ^°''^ *^« «"''f''co of tht 
 |ep nearly the whole way.ind tr^^i'trl ""''/ ''^'''-'-^ 
 Iroad. The power and pride of man .n ° \'' *^"*'^° ™'J^s 
 
 Wpartsof this tremendous ctaa in .!,"'•"'' ^T'"^^«^' '° 
 f f Niagara Falls. In many phcl L ^ ""^^^^^iiate prcs- 
 
 a close to the perpendicular rocte wil^J^^^■?'*/''«'^«l '"aj 
 kve are, however several coves wi^h i ''°™' ^^*^'' 
 )a- fa Bay the navy of EnUlndX\^t ^°f .'"'^'^^ovng,. in 
 my fatlioms. At twelve mni^lf* ';^','?' "^ from live to 
 Ptant 68 n.iles from Ta£,s? The trin^lT"'"'' ^^'"^^ i« 
 Mtliere is from 10 to 50 fathnn » ! i ^ ^ tide rises 18 feet 
 Bd the river is navigable 80^7^1 ^""V^'''^' ^'^'^ ti'Je rises 
 
 e rapids of the ouflet ofTako S Join"'' ^'^'<=°»^'-">i. where 
 r I'.'-inse of highlands cross sthe%7"""'"'^'- ^* ^^^i^ 
 fng the head waterl oJ' the A «lh„t J '^'^S^i^'^v, extending 
 Wr, St. Anne. Batiscan^^aJa S^M t!,?""^''?-;''^' •^'^'^I^'^s 
 « Ii and western side of the basin of L ^ '<?"t' f°"»"'g the 
 
 fow Quebec, chiefly induced toC /, i i'°™ /'"^^ "«''t'' *^l'ore 
 fnng, etc., for Mr. Price's nnJ.l ^ employment in lum- 
 ^y there is a church, and «bou iSrr-r'"^- ^' "••^■I^'^ 
 J made at various places on tSe r ve^. ^" "|''«^' .«»'' "P^'^^-'ngs 
 grated clay and granite wlfl. ifn, . .^^'^ ^"'^ is of disin- 
 •^eral level of thf fan f 'aW \'fa iTl! '" ''^'"°. P^^'^^^'^' ''^<> 
 Breach from tl.e river is not S \u'^' ''^ ^"'" «« tlio oyo 
 «n3, although more broken ? fe tin f '"" *'^-° '■■''''^"'' "^" «'■- 
 K and of a middling growth Vho H ? ""^•'''' '""-'i "nd 
 k, than at Quebec \V tl. M.„ """° '« '"'I'^'^i'. if any- 
 
 Melow Lake^St. S.n. a r aj; nS!]"."!"'';/''^ •'^'''^'^ -"- 
 tat extent round the lake, but paSiZ ': *'^« f'^»ntry to a 
 *. IS of_ the same char.actor P'"^'''"''" 0' on the southwest 
 
 femile whS:';f iS;SSrSu[r™ ''"^"^^^°- ^^''-^^ - about 
 K'« edge, from ^O^l^ S^i'trXr tf ^^^^ ''•"- ^^^ 
 F'ng an appearance Homewliat «;„Vi I *^° tide-way, pre- 
 
 ;i I 
 
 ♦ ^ 
 
262 QUEDEC TO THE SAGUENAY UIVER, ETC. 
 
 moat trayelers are familiar, divested, however, of all appear 
 ance of habitation for many mlea, and the Saguonay avei ag- 
 ing twice the width of the Hudson." 
 
 Tete du Boule, a round vnountain peak, rises on the ncrth 
 side of the river, about one mile from its mouth. Here the 
 rocks and hills are mostly bare, but the verdure increases as, 
 you ascend. 
 
 About three miles from Tadousac, the river inclines to the 
 north for a few miles, then resumes its western course to Clii- 
 coutimi, a distance of sixty-eiglit miles from the St. Lawrence. 
 and being in many places three miles in width, with a great 
 depth of water, until you arrive at the bar, about sixty miles 
 from its mouth. 
 
 The Two Profileh, seen on the north shore, a few miles up, 
 and elevated several hundred feet above the water, bear a strilf- 
 ing resemblance to the human face. 
 
 St. Louis Ii-land presents a rocky and rugged appearance. 
 It lies eighteen miles above Tadousac, and may be passed by I 
 large vessels on either side. Here, it is said, fine trout mny be | 
 taken in large quantities. 
 
 At the mouth of the river Marguerite, on the north shore, 
 and at St. John's Bay, on the south, are lumber establisliments | 
 —the latter 28 miles above the mouth of the Saguenay. 
 
 At the distance of 34 miles from Tadousac, on tlie south I 
 filiore of the river, are two enormous masses of rock ciillolj 
 Eternity Point and Cape Tkimty. They rise from tliLl 
 water's edge to the height of some 1,500 feet, and so nbnipilv 
 that they can almost be touched with the hand from tlie t'avkj 
 of the passing steamer. The aspect of these mountain cllfls isj 
 beyond expression grand. No man can pass along th Mr bns^ 
 and lift his eyes up their vast height, without awe witliouti 
 experiencing the most intense emotions of sublimity. Shcltcrdl 
 between them is a lovely recess of the shore called Trinity Cove, 
 its sequestered and lonely beauty enhanced by its strong con-j 
 trast with the wild grandeur of the rest of the scene. (Set\ 
 Engraving.) 
 
QUEBEC TO THE SAaUENAT KIVER, ETC. 263 
 
 TRmiTY Cape takes its name from the three peaks of its 
 
 »umm:t, bearmg some resemblance to three human heads ; and 
 
 he name of Etkr^tv Pomx is abundantly indicated by the 
 
 iiuge pile of ever-durins rock of which it is composed. The 
 
 whole sccno-the majestic river, a hundred fathoms deep, roll- 
 
 /ng along the base and in the shadows of the vast and beetling 
 
 cliff., bearing on thoir rocky fronts the impress of Almighty 
 
 Fwcr and everlasting duration-the whole scene at this place 
 
 I 13 un^uriMssod for its magnificence and solemn beauty 
 
 Cont:.u:ns up the Saguenay, Statuk Point is next passed, 
 where or:nerly was to be seen a rock in a niche, high above 
 the water which resembled a huge human figure. The niche 
 18 still v:.;ble, but the figure has fallen into the de.p water 
 
 ularly ft.om the water, to the height of several hundred feet. 
 I situated on the south shore. 
 
 The scenery in this vicinity, and for several miles below, is 
 exceedm.ly grand and picturcsquo-high and precipitous hills. 
 clothea v,uh . .tunted growth of forest trees, and all around a 
 wild solmule, unbroken by a sign of habitation or life, except 
 occasionally a huge porpoise showing his back ahove the wave 
 and the waior-fowl peculiar to these northern latitudes 
 
 Fifty-oght miles from Tadousac opens the Ha-II.v, or Grkat 
 Bav as ,t is sometimes called. It is entered on the left, while 
 te Saguenay proper comes down on the right. At the head 
 of the bay there is a large settlement, with several extensive 
 I saw-mills. 
 
 The Bay of Ila-IIa-a name by.- means euphonious or 
 worthy of the locality-contains a numerous population for so 
 new a country. Two villages appear at the farther extremity. 
 the population whereof must number at least five hundred 
 souls; It IS situated about sixty miles above the entrance. «nri 
 ^Closely does it resemble the Saguenay, that it is only when 
 
 !' J j!''' "''''"^ "' ''' ''^'''^'y '^'^^ the mistake ia 
 
 perceived. The streams which flow into this bay furnish the 
 
 ! rarious eaw-miUs with the power of preparing deals for the 
 
 "li . ' 1 ■ 
 
 'I 
 
204 
 
 QUEBEC TO THE SAGUENAY HIVER, ETC. 
 
 English market — and it is not an uncommon occurrence to be-l 
 hold three or four equare-rigged vessels busily engaged load- 
 ing on English account. All the lumber establishments 
 throughout the country are owned by the firm of Messrs. Price 
 & Co., of Quebec, and although they entered the trade in tha. 
 first instance with the intent of furthering their own interests! 
 the resuU has been that the men they employed have bocomn 
 settlers, and brought into cultivation a large tract of anillj 
 
 From the entrance to Ha-IIa Bay to Chicoutimi, a distance 
 of about twelve miles, the banks of the river are less ruggej 
 and are clopied with more verdure, and openings may now bg 
 seen on both shores, with occasionally a habitation. About eigh^ 
 miles below Chicoutimi there is a bar, which can be passed bj 
 vessels of a large size only when the tide is up, this being tlia 
 first impediment to navigation in ascending this noble riverj 
 which for grandeur of scenery and depth of water may vie 
 with any other stream on the American continent. 
 
 Chicoutimi, G8 miles from Tadousac, situated at the juncJ 
 tion of the Chicoutimi River with the Saguenay, Avhere is a picJ 
 turesque water-fall, is another po.st occupied by the IludsoiJ 
 Bay Company, which lias a resident agent stationed hero. Tlv/ 
 settlement now contains an extensive saw-mill, a few dwcU-j 
 ings, and a venerable-looking Iloman Catholic chapel, of small 
 dimensions, erected in 1727. It is one of those stations ivliere 
 in former days, the indefatigable Jesuits established a loml 
 for themselves ; a church yet remains to attest their religioui 
 zeal. This edifice is believed to have been one of the firsj 
 erected in Canada. The locality selected is singularly pichirj 
 csque and romantic. On one side the Saguenay pours down iti 
 mighty flood, the shores on either side covered to the watev'j 
 edge with the most luxuriant foliage, while, on the other sidel 
 a safo and commodious bay receives the mountain torrent of ib 
 Chicoutimi Fiver. 
 
 The church, a peculiarly agreeable object in so remote 
 spot, stands about 100 yards f'-om the margin of the stream, 
 
 ken altogether, fe^» 
 
».l.t in earlier ag ,eJt ttl?'* "="■ """""^ »"» 
 
 trirrresxrr °"^ -^^ -«■ - "■» 
 
 litne ejpanse of water of abo,,f qn t . ' °"''- """oh 
 *--tee par,, tie «a„e i„ btada , °' '" '"«"'■ ■"■"■ '" 
 
 Ni-"*™.,, and o„„«j:""X"'::i-.?"'"""'""- 
 
 «»». «nl many ,„,allor one, e Jv . , ,' ™ ■""■«« 
 
 •"•sonlj, outlet U the SagnenavT^r; * "■ •'»"■'■ 
 ^ ileraUe streams in ita eolTTi" "'*' ™'='™ ""MJ 
 
 ..er in that nj^ ^ ^T ' ^ """ *""■ "■■ -""»» 
 ■'. - foot-path, ™sl™S oSTtw/'"*^' 
 ■P»nys station on Lake St. John "'"^" '^' 
 
 ^t. -or., carp, pite, !^ t",' 7*"^ "' *te «, ha^,! 
 ■8 the spring „„j ,„„„er *', ' '* V'™"" ""'"o"' 
 ^.«.a,l,,eraHe distance, 21 17^^^°"^ "" '"S^na/ 
 ;«PPoato«n.hec.al.,„ra:d"-;-«.;^an«Ues 
 
 l^^bors of the farmer. ThlZiZfr T '"'*' ^''"' ^ ^W 
 r '."V ^« divested of the rugKeTand rn.v' 'r'^''^ '^™«nJ 
 mguishes the banks of thp I!;. ^''^^ ^'^'^^acterTihich 
 L,«s the traveler alUS tCT*"^ ^^^ '^^ first 60 Si* 
 F;T indicates a superior soil .^/.•V''°.,"i'P^"''«"°e of the 
 
 pS:t^^^»'-pp-S;T^;;^£;t-^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^*.n altogether, fe, excnrsion, can ...Tord „ore interest to 
 
 Mil, 
 
266 MURRAY BAT, TADOUSAO, HA- HA BAT, ETC. 
 
 tho tourist and seeker of pleasure, than a visit to Chicoutimi and 
 its vicinity. Besides having a view of the magnificent scener 
 of tho St. LaAvrence, hero may bo seen a picturesque water-fallj 
 and if fond of angling or hunting, the visitor may enjoy himself 
 to his heart's content— surrounded by a vast wilderness, as yej 
 almost unbroken by tho haunts of man. 
 
 MURRAY BAT— TADOUSAC-ILV-IIA BAT, ETC. 
 
 The Tollowing letter was written by a gentleman of Phila 
 dclphia : 
 
 " On Wednesday morning, 2r)th July, 1855, wo left Quebe 
 for thi^ lowier St. Lawrence and Saguenay rivers. At eiglil 
 o'clock, precisely, tiio steimer Siigiisniiy sliot out iVom thJ 
 landing, and I'ounding under the stern of tho Frcm li frijiatl 
 La Ciijiric'fuse made her way down the St. Lawrenao. Tlil 
 tin roofs and spires of Quebec gradually grow siiialljr in till 
 distance, and the blue tops of tho Greon Mountains, miles nwfif 
 in Vermont, ])roko on tho sight. As wo steam.;! down tlij 
 river, wo liad a fine view of Quebec with its precipitous hil 
 crown.'' with battlements, whoso immcmso guns Wiro kvclc 
 at ua in iho harbor. The mignilioent ba.sin before the city wi 
 dotted \vi li craft laden with other tributaries of tho .St Lnwl 
 rcnre. A f -w miles below Quebec tho river is divided by th| 
 islaiiJ oi (irlciiiis, which is at first hilly and covoii;! with tre 
 but ua \\ < pai^a along, its shores bocouies flat and uu.Ior cultiva 
 tion. ji - lands are held under tho old French tv-nure, and itj 
 inhabit:! Ills arc Canadian Frouch. A singularity of division A 
 lands wiich tho tourist will observe through Eas; nn t'aniidJ 
 prcionis it'iclf very prominently in this island. TLe lands ol 
 theFren .'i p;ipulation, at tho owner's death, are divided eipmllj 
 among tlio children; and in order that each child may hiivef 
 portion of tho river front, a farm is cut up into narrow strip 
 running sometimes a mile in length by twenty yards in breadtii 
 Upon th J fnmt the houso is built, and tho island shore is i\\oA 
 fore a continuous lino of little wooden houses, backed by cultj 
 vatod fiel is 
 
 " In about an hour after passing tho island of Orleans, ^vj 
 oamo to Uro.iso Isle, upon wliioh is located tho Quarantine ^i\ 
 lion of U.iuatiii. Several largo vessels were anchored in iiij 
 Btream, undergoing tho precautionary measures against infi< 
 tious or contagious diiseases. Ample accommolatious nil 
 erootod upon the shore for einigrant,s sulToring from ship-fi'vd 
 or dimilur disorders, anl tho Lazaretto arrangements of Quo!) 
 
MUUUAV BAV, TADOUSAC, HA-HA BAY, KTC. 267 
 
 iKera to bo of the most perfect kinrl n„ *i • ■■ , 
 jGmse Lslo, Capo Tounuont Sfs ksVlon?] ^''' "^'^^•^^'-^n^I' behind 
 
 Ijreat numbers, for salt-wfttpv W),? ""''..f »°trcal resort in 
 Itrotohes into tho river wn^ .^f -^^^ '°"S per that 
 
 |lielacli.a of Canada of every oht when "„7"^'''° '^""""«^' 
 Jfoar straw liata with vi,?,! *- ' '^'"^ "** waternnr-p aces 
 
 imarkoi co:;ua;tt'hTn int:r;rs 'r^T^^^^ 
 
 Meet. Ti.o sc.^no was h " n v M '"'''' ^^'»«rican ladies 
 
 |«ach compi;mcn"ar7 noS frr't.'f^l^"' '^"'^ '-'"ll^^ fo^-th 
 |»eroaboarl. U^Mifrivod at i^ » L /""'V''''^ Amer;.ans who 
 l>g-phice, about dusT and ancho 'l '■" ^C"^^' ''""''"'^■' ^^^^e^- 
 faylight. At three o'dockwrl:,n«f" ?1 ' ^?'» *^^ '^^'^i* 
 >«.Sa-n.onay, which is dt^t /Soss tl'^. , '^^ '»«"']' o^ 
 JSiTiero (11 L(jun Tho sif r . "''•O''? tue St. Lawrence from 
 
 Nis,...nt. Xbouffi^fo-c rrrLS^f?;^ "'"««?? 
 
 bituaiod on the point of hind formed bvfh„ ^'"^'""'■' ^^ich 
 Venay and St Lawrence A? ♦)?• ^. " T*^''"^'"^" "^ *f»o 
 
 hno on I most st rikiiL nhi * ';'>-*'^« »»'•»•■« above Tadousao. 
 
 »«P lot. ran into a 1 moCo £?;•? ''°'''' "^^ '^••^''-•'■'^^- -V'^J 
 t\l IV^'""' 9*^ It from every Hido. th,«., ,.,>„..,?...: !,;P!',': 
 
 »oat"i;:h^5^;;;«;2^j^-;" «!'«' ouun^u.o'tt;oS'tJ 
 
 J of indcscribib riwo fn wa oil ,'; thr' ^''r' r' <* '^^^ 
 *fP»'d ..p the Htroftn.. a, d nm?v an lu •'•""^'"^ •^'"'^'"'•' "^^ 
 ^^^rA, oven after u iu id . Yen" fa 'u'.;'"?.?:/^' ' V'^-* 
 «» our V.W. T6t« du iVmle. the Tvi'o I'X thl'TaioU 
 
2G8 
 
 MURRAY BAY, TADOUSAC, HA-HA BAY, ETC. 
 
 Capo Trinity, and Statue Point, aro each attractiva objects thai 
 excite the admiration of the tourist. [ 
 
 " Near eleven o'clock in the forenoon wo arrived before tbj 
 little town which lies at the head of Ha- Ha Hut/, about Qi 
 miles from the St. Lawrence, and bavin* dropped our anchor 
 the passengers were sent ashore by the ship's boats. The towJ 
 is merely an establishment for lumbering purpo-oi, and i| 
 owned by William Price, Esq., of Quebec, wlio is the most ex, 
 tensive lumber merchant in Canada. All the saw-mills upuij 
 the Saguenay belong to tliis gentleman. Ho Iccaps eonstanti] 
 employed at his various mills about i},UUO parsons, and frei-rlit 
 over 101) vessels annually with lumber. As only a I'jw lajimtc 
 were allowed us, before starting on our return to tlio St. Linvk 
 rcnco, we preferred remaining upon the stoa.nor's deck nni 
 inspecting the town and adjacent country with tlio aid of I 
 lorgnette. About Ila-IIa Bay the clitt's almost dii<appaar nnj 
 Bomo indications of agricultural attempts arc manliest, but f 
 sterile soil and a bleak atmosphere ahv,(y.s militate with till 
 lago and farming in this region Tli 5 (iovornor-donoral ol 
 Canada, Sir Edmund Head, was expected to visit the SaguonJ 
 on this trip, and as wo ran up before the town a salute of gun 
 was fired, aiil the English colors run up tlie flag^.aflF on .shor^ 
 In return for the compliment, Capt. Siiaard deoratci iil 
 steamer witli fl.igg of almost every nation, and we Ijft lla-il 
 Bay about noon, in a gala attire of tlaating bunting. .\, 
 five o'clock in tiio afternoon wo tonchcl at Tadousac.'anl i| 
 two hours after anchored at tlio pier of llivioro du Lnup, 
 wait for t!io morning. Early on Friday, July 27, wo starte 
 for Quebee, and madu tlio 114 miles before four o'clock in tlil 
 afternoon. ] 
 
 " The greater part of American tourists make a great mil 
 tako in omitting the Saguenay Kiver. They miss the fimJ 
 scenery on this continent, wlii'ch tliey can view by an add! 
 tional expense of $12 only. Tho faro on Itoard the boat isi 
 oxcellent quality, and the berths largo and comfortable. It 
 worth a visit to tfao Saguenay to taste tho salmon, that but 
 hour before wit% gliding in its nativo clement. As a matter t 
 information to tlioae wisliing to raako tho trip in future senson 
 wo may Hay that a thick over-coat is an absoluto neoesftiti 
 From eleven clock in tlio morning until four in tho iifternoti 
 tho tempera'uro is ngrooablo, but not too warm; during 111 
 other hours of fh > diiy and uiirUt it will en'v.n.iri^ i'xu;-!!'.' si! 
 our November ( •oming from warmer climates, tho tourfst cA 
 not bo too careful to prepare for suilden cliango.< of tempe™ 
 ture. Wo can not closu our imporfoot sketch of tho Saguena 
 without a word of thanks to Capt. Simard, who commands I 
 Steamer Saguonay. To our nuiujrous questions ho politoly 1 
 
ictiva objects thai 
 
 ANTI008TI. 
 
 l' « 
 
 2G9 
 
 Itommen-l him and his lx.at to H- '"^^'''"?"^°» ^^^ cordially 
 Ifravelors who may heJeofter tisit 0„o'"''°^' °^ °" America^ 
 
 »conv,r..,ttion with nu^./ou, "oH^iT'"'"^ ''^ * good-w.'l. 
 £.d Montreal, wo diseovirth t hf 4 P'"""' ^?'" ^""beo 
 Utly ad aired in Canaira d an .-..^'"f 'f'^" character is 
 
 kt the avn-cablo commidaTlrH- '"''"^ '"P^ ''^ indulged 
 
 Cation ho woen the trco?ntrS\^r/7>.P™"^~«^«f f^'" 
 
 four fin,,, national charge oStS^ 
 
 Jhile they are oininantlv lov^l Vn f»? • ^ ^^"'^''' »» affairs. 
 
 fco in (ho .crive SgVot' tLe vlnL'^"''''' ^n. t!r,y yet re- 
 
 >vilc-g.3 to live in such close iuvHnr-r"°°' "^^^^ <'«''^«'n i* * 
 foso rapid ri.o and hardy vi^Jrrir ^° '^ "'^tionality 
 |jxon blood. The kindlv cLi- ° . , ^"°"'' «» the An<»Io- 
 
 Whe United slates.'f^d^ n '"L S '""'\S'^ reciprocaTi 
 "nmercid an 1 morca.yio 1 n ' fi "" ?, "^^ ^'°" motive than 
 
 >thor or not the time will ov?r!! "'? ** ^°'""""» »« 
 kll bo a mv,vol<^n S ate and .^.^r^ nT° '"''"" ^''''''"'•■^' ^'«nad» 
 Ud.raey, rom.Tins o b^ «een I • h?"' "*P""^ c-^P^nding 
 Ke Huo', a turn, wo will acm,;r« „ "?'"''" °^ *'^'-'"l« «1'0»W 
 
 Irunexamplodgreatnos ifn w? «'^"«'''^P'"«"lly a'JaptxHi 
 N a lirm inwavcrJ^nSend '• ' " ° """^ "^' '^ f'""'f"» \ 
 
 ANTICOSTI. 
 
 |A.VT,nosT,,al3out 400 miloa below Queboe is a W. „ 7- 
 kant island in tho Gulf of Sf r „ ^° ""'' "°- 
 
 f«.E . ir. tho widest par of tf" ^7"' ^^'"« ''-'•^^- *°^ 
 W 4-' and oio 5 V "'' f,"'^.'"^''^' ^°'^^°°" tho meridian, 
 
 L.«,. ..:., ..;._ . ''• "" «"''f'^°° '« in general low. ..n^ 
 
270 
 
 ANTICOSTI. 
 
 posed of cncrinites. The northern coast is bold and high, pre, 
 «cnting lunguificcnt limestone cliffs, which sometimes rial to thl 
 height of 500 foot. The severity of the climate is so groat tha] 
 any grain is usually nipped in the bud. In the montli of June, 
 ice of considerable thickness is frequently formed during ih] 
 night ; and sunmier is always far advanced before the snow dis] 
 appears. Winter commences in the early part of Novembcp 
 and continues till the middle of March ; the thermomotor rang, 
 ing during this season from 20° above to 20° below zero. TM 
 shores are then surrounded with ice, and all communicatiof 
 with them is cut off. Its shores present a fow small crooks, bu 
 throughout an extent of 300 miles there is neither buy nnr har 
 bor sufficient to protect ships ; while the powerful stream settinj 
 constantly from the St. Lawrence, the shoals which surroun] 
 this island, and the heavy snow-storms which here occur in thl 
 fall of the year, with its position across the mouth of the river] 
 render it the frequent scene of shipwrecks, and the sailing pa^ 
 it " the worst part of the voyage to or from Canada." (Doniiy| 
 castle.) " The bearings of its exircme points are as follows ; wesi 
 point, N. lat. 4'J° o2 29", W. long. 01° 30' 51"; variation 22( 
 C5' W. East point, N. lat. 40° 8' 30", W. long. 61° ■li'uiV'l 
 ViTiation 21^ '6^' W. North point, N. lat. 49° 57' 38", W. loni 
 05° W \". Southwest point, N. lat. 49° 2:5', W. long. Oi)^ i^ 
 An elevated and magnificent l'ght-bou.so, with a revolving liglil 
 now occupies this point of the island; and another lias bee 
 erected oj» tlio E. coast. Spring tides rise ton foot; naps. Beve) 
 feet. This inland formerly belonged to Labrador, but was an 
 cexed to Lower Canada in lH2o, and now forms part of tiJ 
 county of Saguoiiay. Its name is probably a corrup:io:i oi' tlJ 
 Indian name .N uticosUe. It is fii Bt noticed in 1535, by Carticj 
 who gave it tlio nnmo of Assumption." (Bouclictto.) 
 
 Oui>KOF Hr. LvWHKNCK.— On passing along the Foutlii'il 
 of the iHlund of Anlicosti, entering the Gulf of St. LawioiJ 
 tho slioros of a.vspK are soon iu the distance. This is an irnl 
 portnnt district and headland, jutting out into tho Oulf, nnl 
 running round into the Bat/ of fV<,hura, comprchoniing3jl 
 
GULP OF ST. LAWRENCK. 
 
 miles of coast; the whole extent ,-,«•, 
 different kin-Is, and darin. tt V. '' ''""'^'^ ^'^^^ «^^ «^ 
 
 of vessels and men are en^, Jd t "?•'''''" " ^^"'^e number 
 exportation. °^^ '"^ ''^^'^S an J curing fish for 
 
 I Below wherp tTm a., 
 
 Jn^ly mile, „„j ,t„ „y ~" "■» latter stroam exceed. 
 
 hm ahor, to shore, ta a ta 1 " T'""' »''"»•" '^0 mUe. 
 b """ ■» »° to 'to ».a»t rSjIf °' '"= '"'"" «' '^-«- 
 
 - "x» :r.;'rXe^"^:'« "-^ «-«-^'- ^- 
 
 Iroyage: "Through thi, L « ^^^^''' ^" t'^rminating the 
 fcssed into the G'^// /Vz^f"' T"" '' ''^ -- - 
 
 Nilimaelc-nae.attheh ro'l!^^^^^^^ '" *^° «^-lt of 
 pntieosti. a distance of a W o oon ""/ '"'" "^ "" ••^''^"'* 
 t the n,ost ..plondid lakes In hT n "''''' ''"''"Sh a ehaln 
 
 ijor further dj.Hpti::iv:t;frr'L 
 
 ;; li 
 
 wilt 
 
272 
 
 VALUE OF MONEYS. 
 
 VALUE OF MONEYS 
 
 The following information will be found valuable to strangers 
 visiting Canada, and particularly to emigrants briu 'iii'» with 
 them sterling money. " ° 
 
 Value of Colonial Moisteys. ^B ^^Oif i 
 
 The basis of the currency is the imparial gold standard, dif- 
 fering from stcrl-ng nionoy in the different uomln.il value of 
 the pound and its constituents. ^m p 
 
 The pound sterling is by law fixed at Twenty-four shillint^ B . ^^^"^''^"e 
 
 andfourpmco currency. At this rate all hrge triusactions ■" "clock f.m 
 
 are settled, and remittances, with the correction of the day for Hcan leave All 
 
 oxchange, ar9 calculated. Bproce 1 V 
 
 One pound currency, contains four dollars. H » '^ 
 
 One dollar " •' five shillings. mmne, 109 m: 
 
 One shilling " «« two sixpsnl-es. H^'ewrorkCcn 
 
 One sixpence " «« six pennies. ■ At Schen^<,' 
 
 One penny «• « two coppers. ■commo 
 
 The value in sterling of the pound currency is rather I a* tt"*^^ "'^ ' 
 
 „ over !,;„. r,ja. ■ , ^^''"- *'<' 
 
 The dollar currency rather over ds. 1 jd ■»»(! oxtcmJs n( 
 
 " shilling " " ■ 9;|d; ■Counville, a tm 
 
 " sixpence " rather under 6d. ■,heu fin:,i,,,j , 
 
 But in retail transactions an approximation is made to the ■rcn-o P- 
 value of the coins current in Britain and the United States, I ^^^'^cr, lo: 
 and in small purchnses the following are the rates &„ which I ^^ J'onio cou) 
 Buch coins are usually paid away : ■«toidin[>- nortli 
 
 BRITISH. ■direct line of tvn 
 
 J3'« ''«^«'-°'«« £143. 6d. ■ At Syracuse* 
 
 Ihe crown (53_ ] j ■. •' "^^^so ( 
 
 Half crown 3ij' o^d. B "'® '^.'/'af/Me 
 
 SliiUing, callsd Trente-Sous Is. 3(1. M^l/racusf Eai/io 
 
 Sixpence, » Quinzo-Sous 7R ■%ofO«wo-oS 
 
 AMERICAN. ■Fsiinl *'.„ °„ ' . 
 
 Kagle £2 103. ip ""°'«^^" 
 
 Dollar Cs. ](1. B^^al tune, one h 
 
 Half dollar 23. O.'.d. ■ Travelers can m 
 
 Dime, or ten cents 6d ■Svfn,M,a , 
 
 ileal, or York ahUling 7^d. I ^ '■"^°' ""'' t!'e 
 
 A shiH!n?r sterlinjr and n. f^ijartnr nf s dol'-nf av" *~!-'n "" " =S "^ direct thi'i 
 Stores as equal. The exchangeable value of the dollar, of ■'^"''^'"''" •'''"<'''*. 
 courso, varies with the course of exchange between tlio Provin-Bf'o Montreal or ( 
 ces and the United States, which is principally ruled by that ■ton or Niftn.ni.n <• 
 between Now York and London. In general, its valuo ia abou»Bf>.„ ,. o"™» '^ ' 
 5b. Id. currency, or 43. 2d. sterling. J'"/"? "tcent, -nad 
 
ibic to strangcra 
 i bringing with 
 
 .1 stanflard, dif- 
 minul value of 
 
 y-four shillings 
 ge triusactiong 
 1 of the day for 
 
 7 is rather 
 
 ii)8. r)j(i. 
 
 4s. 1 1(1. 
 9|d. 
 6d. 
 
 13 made to the i 
 
 United States, ' 
 rates a- which 
 
 1 43. 6d. 
 Gs. Id. 
 83. Oid. 
 Is. 3d. 
 7ii 
 
 Plkasuhe travelers leivi-no. w -.^ 
 h^n leave Albany almorjn,,! ° °" *^° ""^'^on River 
 
 p;o-a direct t^c: ;r;:;T^f 
 
 he^ i'ork Central Kailnll ""^"^ ^^°"> ^"^any. „/„ 
 
 At Schenectady the .V„;.a/«,.a a„^ c. , 
 "^'"enoes nn 1 expends north to S^f ^'^'^''^'^^«'''y ^'nfroaU 
 
 At Utica the ///„./, ."t; ' ^^If'^^ ^^ings, 22 miles. 
 
 «n<l extends nor.h, IG ,nlles to'tv^';'" f "'""' ^'^'^^^^^ 
 
 P«^nville. a total distance of "-'?'" ^''''' ""'^ '^'^nee to 
 
 ^^- «nl..i.e„, .HI n,n ,;;"'"• '^^^ '^^ovo ruilroad. 
 
 hnco River, ,0, ,.,,,, ,,.„„^ ;^;;j-°' «^tuated on the St. Law- 
 
 I At ilomo counuenees the jr^/.",-/ 
 
 "tending northward to C-mlT'" "" ''""'' ^"'^'oad, 
 
 kctlineof travel to I^-„t 'on !"r,'' '' '''''''' ^-"""^ a 
 At Syracuse the New V i^c^ 'i !" ^^-^ - Canad^ 
 
 ')■ of Oswego. 35 niiles r ^ « ^"'-^^ ;-»•"=' -..h to the 
 -«1 t-me, ,o,rs. Fa ; flit """^^" ^'^'■-•«-. «3. 
 1^-1 time, one hour and thL:rn.^:r"^° to Oswego. $,. 
 J ^'•i^'clors can proceed hvrn-i 
 
 ^acnse. and tile tlt ; :;:^*^ ^'^^^^^^^ '• «^ --^-^-m 
 hcced direct thro,,.,, J X T" ''' '''''^" -' ^"viston. or 
 
 > to Montreal or Quebec 
 ■ton """ 
 
 mape 
 
 i'fom Khignrn. I'M 
 
 P 'i-von Bridge or 
 '.p.'i*'s.„.,rs deph-ing to 
 
 ^; ^'" V. viueoec are conveved hvof "•" "^^-""g i' 
 ,-5-gara.Can.. through ir n^^^""' '•^-" ^^-i^ 
 
 -'-.^.a thence do;nth:;:.;:::: 
 
 16* 
 
 '"firio to A-infi,ion 
 
 Bivcr. 
 
 or 
 
274 
 
 PLEASURE EXCUU8I0NS. 
 
 Another new and favorite mode of traveling for those who 
 wish to avoid the lake travel is to proceed to Toronto, and take 
 the cars of the Grand Tnink Railway toT Kingston. There I 
 take an American or British steamer for Montreal. 
 
 Steamers of a large class run daily from Oswego morningj 
 and afternoon. The morning boats leave Oswego ibr Sacket'sl 
 Harbor, Kingston, OgdenHburgh, etc.; while the afternoon boats] 
 run direct to v.'harlotte, at the mouth of the Geneaso 1 liver, and! 
 from thence direct for Toronto, LewisLon, etc., aCFording trav- 
 elers a choice of routes if going wi-it to Detroit, Chicago, etc.,! 
 or if proceeding north to Kingston, Montreal, etc. Plcasuro) 
 travelers are also conveyed direct to Niagara Fulls, Buffalo, etc.] 
 
 SACKfyr's Haiibor, 45 miles from Oswego, is the first place 
 at which the passenger boats stop to land and receive passen- 
 gers ; usual time, S hours. 
 
 Kingston, 40 miles farther, is usually reached in about the 
 Bame time, where passengers can stop, or proceed direct down 
 the St. Lawrence River, passing the " Thousand Islands" and 
 magnificent rapids by daylight. 
 
 The American steamers, on leaving Kingston, run through 
 the Kingston Channel to Clayton or French Creek, und tliencd 
 to Ogdeusburgh. The British steamers run on the north oil 
 Canadian Channel, stopping at Gananoque, Brockviile, Pre 
 cott, etc., on the downward and upward trips. 
 
 Kingston being the best point lor pleasure travelers to starl 
 from in order to see the " Thousand Islandu" to advantage, wa 
 subjoin the following description of the trip to Prcscott and 
 Ogdensburgh, performed in June, 1867. The American stenmi 
 ers leave Kingston at about 3 o'clock p.m., descending thePtj 
 Lawrence, slopping at Ogdensburgh, G2 miles ; while the Britj 
 ish mail iiue of sleamurB leave at 6 o'clock a.m., runniu 
 through to .Montreal, 180 miles, by daylight. 
 
 On leaving Kingston the steamer runs botweea IIowo and 
 Qratid lalauds, both belonging to Canada, for a distance o^ 
 
PLIiASUUE KXCURSICN8. 
 
 275 
 
 Engston. Soyoral Il„h. i '"',''*»'°.«"i=. 2'J Uiilea from 
 
 Uque, «:.c„ .l„i.-L7ri, * '" """' '='°'' «""»• 
 Unt. Here i,a 1,;,; , ""' " »PP™"'«a. 1-' mil™ ii,. 
 
 The nl n "'' P^'''^ ^^ *^»« descending steamer 
 
 hro«,«, .f eon..r„c.i„„, „M aff.,aTd 1 ''l"°lr,! 
 
 I««l« to ilio Upper Oltair. country "^ ^ 
 
 P...CO „ .„J Oa>,B»..„,„„, 12 ™ita teW BroetviU, .r, 
 
 ir;:: rr r,!!;rt ''°' °"''': '-^' -' -^ -- 
 
 Wbo s.nVl t."f •"■. , iiavigation for sail vesscla 
 
 I ' 'il 
 
 III I I 
 
 
216 
 
 PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. 
 
 TRIP FKOM " xMONTHEAL TO QUEBEC AND RETURN " 
 
 JUNE, 1857. 
 
 TuE above was the wording of the pass received from the 
 Managers of the Grand Trunk Railway in the early part of 
 June, 1857, but preferring to descend the "La Grande Rivitrt' 
 in one of the swift steamers which run between Montreal and 
 Quebec daily, leaving in the evening, I embarked on board the 
 Quebec, the crack boat of the Royal Mail Line. Distance, 170 
 miles ; cabin fare, $2 50. 
 
 On leaving Montreal, St. Helen's Island is soon passed, being 
 in part covered with a rich growth of forest trees, while the 
 fort and breastworks on the north end are seen to advantagn. 
 Then comes Longueuil, the present terminus of the Eastern 
 Division of the Grand Trunk Railway, it being now reached Ijy 
 steam ferry-boat ; but as soon as the Victoria Bridge is com- 
 pleted, running across the St. Lawrence River some two miles 
 above, then will passenger and freight trains be kaasported 
 over the above noble structure, to be finislud in 1859. 
 
 A number of low islands are next passed on descending the 
 stream, when the beautiful village of Varennes is soon readied 
 and passed, situated on the right bank of the stream. Here is 
 a mineral spring of some celebrity and a good pi blic house. 
 
 The north point of the island of Montreal and northern 
 branch of the Ottawa River are passed about 16 miles below 
 Montreal, where are to be seen several picturesque islands, 
 concealing In part the mouth of the Ottawa. 
 
 Here the St. Lawrence assumes its most majestic appearance 
 for a stretch of several miles, the stream being from two to 
 four miles in width— flowing onward in majestic grandeur 
 with here and there a square-rii»ged sail vessel and immense 
 timber rafts, such as are alone seen on the lower St. Lawrence, 
 being on their way o Quoboc from the Ottawa River. 
 
 Before reaching S( rel,or William Henry, the stream cont'-actf 
 to about one mile ii width, with more elevated banks. The 
 river Richelieu, the outlet of Lake Cliamplain, enters the St 
 
PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. 
 
 277 
 
 D RETURN." 
 
 awrence at Sorel, or Wi/Ham Henry, 45 miles below Mon- 
 ireal, this being the first regular landing for the Royal Mail 
 lline. Hero ia situated an old and handsome town, cnlivonad 
 ly English and French residents and the busy Yanlvee, who is 
 ^owly making his way into the lower Province of Canada. 
 
 After leaving Sorel a number of islands are again passed, 
 lind the steamer soon enters the broad waters of La/,-e Si. Peter, 
 |ui expansion of the St. Lawrence. Here again the square-rig-' 
 
 I vessels, the timber rafta, and the more fleet steamer may 
 |«ften be seen threading their way up or down the river. 
 
 Three Eiuers, 90 miles below Montreal and 80 miles above 
 iaebec. is an old and important town, being advantageously 
 latuated at the mouth of the river St. Maurice, on the left bank 
 |of the river. 
 
 This is considered the head of tide-waters on the St. Law- 
 Itence, although the Richelieu Rapids are below, where ia a 
 litroug current when the tide is receding, the river flowing over 
 Ji rocky and dangerous channel for several miles-the siream 
 lilternately running to the right and the left, with banks some- 
 lihat elevated. Point aux Trembles, on the left bank, is a 
 IWd headland, which, when passed, the stream again wideas 
 |for a number of miles— thj shores for the entire distance of 
 I'O miles being dotted with picturesque residences of the French 
 |liabitans and churches of the Roman Catholic persuasion. 
 
 Cape Rouge, 10 miles above Quebec, is another interesting 
 Ipoint, situated on the left bank of the river. Next comes in 
 i'ght Point Levi and the frowning fortress of Quebec— then 
 Icpens the Lower Town, rvith its numerous shipping, its steam- 
 lags, and ferry-boats— altogether afibrding, during the summer 
 Months, one of the most grand and enlivening scenes to bo wit- 
 |iMsed on the continent of America. 
 Without entering into a description of Quebec, which is fully 
 
 a |.,.i^,^.r piacc, nc wiU aimuo lo the hotels now 
 
 jifen for the accommodation of tourists. Russell's Hotel in 
 JPalace Street, Upper Town, is an old, popular house ; while th*^ 
 iClarendon Ibuse, kept by IL O'NeiU, ou Lewis Street, near the 
 
 i 
 
 , 'I I. 
 
278 
 
 PLEASCRK BXCURSIONSo 
 
 Durha '. Terrace, is a new and popular resort for pleasure seet 
 
 ers vis,, ig Quebec. 
 Thsro are several other good hotels in both the Upper and 
 
 Lower Town, while Norman's Victoria Hotel at Point Levi, op. 
 posite Quebec, is also a favorite resort for both English and 
 American visitors. It is situated near the terminus of the 
 Grand Trunk Railway, from whence steamers are almost con" 
 stantly crossing to Quebec, affording an opportun-ty to s(., 'he 
 fortress and city, together with the adjacent coun'.. , Aom 
 Cape Ilougo to the island of Orleans. 
 
 The trip from Quebec to the Lower St. Lawrence and Sague- 
 nay Rivers is fully described in another part of this work. 
 See page 203. 
 
 EETUEN TO MONTEEAL. 
 On leaving Quebec for Montreal, via Grand Trunk Railway, 
 passengcjrs can proceed at 6 a.m. or 4 p.m., crossing the St.' 
 Lawrenc.) ly steamer to Point Levi, one or two miles" distant. 
 Near the depot is situated the Victoria Hotel, a well-kept pub- 
 Kc house, surrounded by handsome grounds. 
 
 This is a most speedy route, the cars going through from city 
 to city in six hours ; 170 miles. The first station is the Chaudiere 
 Junction, 8 miles from Point Levi; here the Chaudiere River 
 is passed a few rods above the romantic falls on this stream, the 
 spray arising from the waters alone being visible from the cars. 
 For the next 40 or 50 miles the country is level and uninviting, 
 with only a few residences in sight, being for the most part 
 clothed with a stunted forest. 
 
 Stanfo. ',55 miles from Point Lj^va, i.'. ■,•. small set';>irnt 
 surrounded by good farming Ian- ■ 1. •)! c'>. mues until War- 
 wick, Danville, and Richmond are reached and passed. At the 
 latter station the passenger tr.-Jr.s usually connect with trains 
 from Portland and Montreal, making this an important point 
 on this great railway of Canada. Passengers bound for thi 
 White Mountains or Portland Me there ohange cars. 
 
PtEASURK EXCURSIONS, 
 
 for pU.vsure seek- 
 
 ■hriving vil,a!L ° " ''°-^"^"' P»»^« ".migh ,„„„, 
 
 ..^. .»ut:i:::f "^"» t """'""•■ « "»-"»™* ->. 
 I ..i;';';::^ «fM„!:r;,''r°''' ■■ ■"""■'' *'■»'■"■-' 
 
 .. .^« sou.,., wM,e ^ J :i,f 2::: „T' r ""'■ -''• 
 
 i.uu.i-y. PP^'^ ^'- I'awrenco and Lake 
 
 Jlontreal to Island Pond, Vt 
 
 J omrea to White Mountains.- V 'h 
 
 ^'l^iureal to i-ortland, Me. . . . ; ;. 
 
 Montreal to Prescott. C?w7~ 
 
 Montreal to Ottawa City via pi.: " U ^^^ miles 
 
 Montreal to Toronto, C.W. '''°" ^I^' " 
 
 333 " 
 
 ^ io miles. 
 20 i «•' 
 
 292 '♦ 
 
 M 
 
280 
 
 PLISASURK KXCURSrONS. 
 
 MONTREAL TO BOSTON AND NEW YORK. 
 
 Passengers cnr leave Slontreal for Boston or New YorkJ 
 and proceed, via C .mnidain and St. Lawrence Eailruail, tot 
 Rouse's Point, N. Y., a distance of 45 miles, wliere they havel 
 tlie choice of proceeding by steamer to Plattsburgh, Burling-] 
 ton, etc., or take the cars of the Vermont and Canada Rail-t 
 road, and proceed direct through by rail to Boston or Nev 
 York, or any intermediate station. 
 
 Trains of cars also run twice daily from Montreal, via Mun\ 
 treat and Lachine and Montreal and JVew York liailruadsl 
 direct to Plattsburgh, N. Y., a distance of G2 miles, hero con\ 
 nccting with steamers running to Burlington, Ticonderoga, ain| 
 Whitehall. 
 
 On arriving at Burlington by any of the above routes, p^s-j 
 sengers have the choice of proceeding by steamer, or take thi 
 cars of the Vermont Central Railroad, if bound for theWhita 
 Mountains or Boston ; while the Rutland and Burlington Rail* 
 road runs both toward Boston and New York, forming a link iq 
 the great lino of railroads running from the Eastern and Nortli] 
 em States into Canada. 
 
 On leaving Burlington by steamer, proceeding toward WhitcJ 
 hall, a most magnificent view is obtained, in a clear day, of th( 
 Green Mountains of Vermont and {\\q Jhliiondaeh Croupoi 
 New Y'ork, lying in the counties of Essex and Clinton. Till 
 latter are the most elevated peaks, rising to the height of 5,4GJ 
 feet above the ocean; while the Mansfield Mountain peak oi 
 Vermont rises' to the height of 4,270 feet, there bcinp; lossci 
 peaks on both sides of the lake in full view. Tlie sui laco oj 
 Lake Chauiplain is elevated S)0 feet above tide-waters of tlij 
 ocean, whili) Laka George is elevated 243 feet — there being I 
 fall of li"i,'{ in the outlet of tho latter lake within the distanci 
 of 4 miles. 
 
 Lake Champ'ain nnd tho lan<ling3 on its shore are fully ddj 
 scribed in a preceding part of this work. See page 101. 
 
 Tho stoaml jat landing at old Fort Tioondoroga is tho poia 
 
PLHASURB BXCCR8I0N8. 
 
 281 
 
 of travohrs. wl.ilo s uls . r "° '"' *^"^ accommodation 
 Pa-n,erst;t];; T^^ -^-o. to conve, 
 
 h-ork contiuuo on board til ' °' ^'^""^'' '^' ^"^ 
 
 former place, wh^n 7f j ^r '""T """' ^'^^ '''''' -' ^^^ 
 
 L «i>.- n..;Trorof Alt:;' ''''' ''-' '^'^ -- ^"- «- 
 
 If; 
 
 Lstcrn und NortLi 
 
 LAKE GEORGK AND ITS 8-EAMERS. 
 A«./,v„,y),„„ ,,, ^,^,^,^ ^.^^^^ Hepumean. 
 
 |«8 could be dcairod, nud everv t int 1 ''''/''^^ "'^'^ "» line 
 to tho eventlul oc.. ^.on A t afe ^""'^'■"I'^ ^" ^""^ '"*««•««» 
 Jtlio invited guests and tho adk.. nL n 'f ^''^'''^ ""» «'^l"ck 
 (dec-k, vvhde a largo crowd oSi< d u!o /"\"^"/ ^''° '"'■^^"rd 
 l»n aniphithoater around ti"o E of . T'""' "'''''''' ^"«« ^ike 
 h-ndows of tho surround^. l,o ,ci wer "f " '^'''° ^"I''' «"d 
 jTwtators. Tiio ceremonies nom'! T^'' .'^'•'° "coupled with 
 I'O". Mr. Thonias T ^i , s tho n"?\^^^^ "" announcemcnl 
 J.«illi.un ilenry Hole t ation^^ 1 f ^''« *'"-•« 
 
 lf« of tlio bell which swun" Von. ^ V ""'"^ '*-'"'^>'' *''« '""'g" 
 ^^re. nnl a gun IVom c" ul a^ u>, r'^??""^ '''"'' ^"^ t^« 
 I" 11.0 b,wn in front of he i^r "vi H?'", ^"''', ^''''' P^^'^^ 
 h of Hig„,u, ^ero so I Inied t n S ""'"^ ^'"''''' ^^ ««" 
 peak when its term c.une ii ?!,„ I. ° «"" ""^t-"'' ^a'l«J to 
 
 ■^ions lingered around the molntaKT"' ""'' '^^^ '''''^'^'^ 
 *5 i"<h to depart. '"""ntains that surrounded the lake 
 
 N^!!S Hon;.;''i5r t^JuJr^ '''^' ^'''''''y «f ^^o 
 
 ^tlorm and delivcu-o rsiu.r?? "' "'^' "'''IT'"' "Pon the 
 t'iio substance '■ "''"'^ '''^'^'''''' "' ^^l^i^li the lollowing 
 
 ntuhito 
 
 M.OW- 
 
 of a new stennier ih" " 
 
 olh 
 
 oovor. tiiko this 
 
 you upon tho com- 
 
 'Piwrtunity to publicly 
 
 Uiiiui iiiko. W 
 
 would, 
 
 
 N8:iUoof 
 
 completion in m vhoit 
 
 Kasiou u may not bo uninte 
 
 " period of luuo. I 
 
 l>on thif 
 
 "•^ting to you to look b^ick ijito 
 
 lU 
 
 
 tl& ' 
 
 SA 
 
282 
 
 PLEAGURB KXCIREIOKS. 
 
 tlie history of the s'camers which have hithei'lo cravcrsofl this 
 lak' There nre many present who are doubtless more familiar 
 with (heir hislory than myself, but the few facts we have col- 
 lected will no doubt be interesting on the present occasion and 
 serve for future reference 
 
 "Previous to 17(J0 the Burfiice of thia beautiful lake had 
 never be:n broken by any vessel, save the bark canoe of the 
 native Indian. 
 
 " From the period of tlio French and English wars, in 17.J0, 
 when only yawl gun-boats and batteaux were employed, duwn 
 to I8I0, we, can lenrn of no boats having been built or ^.m, 
 upon the lake. During that year Elijah Dunham, of Duu!i • :, j 
 Bay, built a sloop called Qiucnt^ljiiii/ Packtt. It was lu'iit for 
 carrying luml)er, and was from sixty to seventy feet 'm ;r. 
 
 " In 1817 the first steamboat was built on Lake Ckmu'^c It 
 was called James Ca/diite//, and was built by a conip.iny of 
 individuals at Ticonderoga, above tlie rapids. The Jaim.s Laid- 
 well made a trip through the lake on one day and rctunu'd ou j 
 the next. She started from the dock called the Harris Dock, 
 just below the Lake House. The travel was so smull tlmt tiiel 
 boat did not pay. She was burnt at the dock in front of the! 
 Lake Iloui-e, and no veSvigo of her remains. 
 
 "In 1821 the steamer Jfonnttiiiutr was built, to take tboj 
 place of the .htmi.i Vuhlin-ll, by .John Baird and Capt, .laii.izelj 
 yherman. of Vergennes, Vermont. i\lr. Baird then owiu'd thol 
 Lake House. This boat ran until IHoO^ when she rottod down,! 
 nnd her wreck now Lcs in Lake tJeorge. abuvo the r ip ds .ul 
 Ticonderoga Her machinery was taken out and put into thel 
 H'ilikini Cdlilwell, which boat succeeded the .Mount uinctrA 
 The Cahlu-fll was one hundred and two feet long and twenty-j 
 five feet wide on deck. She was commenced in March. ](^U7,| 
 ui\d completed in .August of tho s.uue year. She laii eight! 
 miles per hour, and made one trip up an'l (h»wn th;) lakcj daily. I 
 Kho was abandoned in 18.')(>, and what remains of her now hesi 
 in the covo just below tho Lake House. 
 
 " In 181U tho John Jai/ was built at Ticonderoga (at (he foot! 
 of tho lake) by Mr. John Jay Harris. Sho was tiiree years inl 
 building, and cost froni twenty-live to twenty-eii;ht tliousaihll 
 dollars. The hull was built by Ferris Collyer ; Diin'.'.im al 
 Company wore tho engineers. She was one hundred an I (.ityl 
 two feet long nnd twenty-four feet wide, and purchased Irmn 
 Mr. J(din J. Harris in IH't:) by the Like (leorge .Steumbtmlj 
 Company lor eighteen thousand dollarn. This company wai 
 org[inize<l January 1 Uh. 18,j4. TIiIh boat ran from iliat tiui(| 
 t^ IBiitJ, when bUo was Imrnetl on tho 2'.»th day of Jul), IWilj 
 near Hague, on the lower part of tho lake, when romulnig tiif 
 p(nut cullud Anthony's Kuso-lhe lamcntublo partiuularn of] 
 
plh:asurs excursions. 
 
 263 
 
 •ilo below Ilagus. '""'' "' '■'''' '"""-SO. "boul one 
 
 Caldwell, New Vork nn L ? T , ^ ''^ ^ovember, 185G, at 
 hull was" bui by kola'couvt 7' 1 ^.^"^f ^'''^'- ^'^' 
 
 reesol is one Imndml nnd forfv Xf i. /' " "g''*- This 
 breadth of beam for v fluir fI7 i ?"^' '^'^nfy-lbur feet 
 
 [dollars. ^ ^'''''- ^* ^°«^ '^bout tweu(y-«ix thousand 
 
 i«th his rod eap'and'lvatUosnake""''^'"'' ''"^ ^^ ' ^^^^ ^'^•^'' 
 
 ,cn.pties into the Mississ nnfH f '" 'V''^''^' "" " «''*«''"> that 
 |F.ill8of St. Anthony ^^* ^'''''"' ^'^''^ ^'^'^"'"S ^^J the 
 
 f. in'^^ruitiriTvotiit^us^sLr fr°""^'^^'' ^'^" ^r-^- 
 
 «n<l a g„n. Mr Clnik noxf i"^^ i "^^ '•'«?^ng <^f the bell, 
 Tifo of tho worThy pronrfetor Tt^lT\ u' T;. ^*'""'^'' ""'«' tl'" 
 who stopped upon tRSm „n .n"'* r '"'"'" "^'"'-^ "«'«^' 
 broke tho bottle A bom., ^f ,'"'''"''*''"« *" """'^'n* "S'^go. 
 ribbons, having hlnlTrlnTI'^T' ^"^""'''.^ *'«^^'^'«I ^'t^ 
 »ribbontotholla2-8,atf A r« .' '"'^^''I'.ks and attached by 
 •ad its co«t.J,t "Minified n^n^';;'' k"''\'^ ."" ' '^ ^'"« ^'''^kon. 
 •l-outs of the mull tudi?,- *'•'" ^7 ?*^ •''" ^^'^''^^'•- ""'i'l the 
 k «lio Kun fro u e hot! nM^"« "^ *''° ^^'"' ""'' "'o nound 
 «otiee was g vcrtrthrc- owd t '7°'"''"'':' '1"« concluded. 
 
 UtlyHlidintot^^ocJ^r?' T^'""'' ".''« heiu.tilul Htoamer 
 k would have m^Vod m IM '■■" ''''7" f'"' ''^ •'"«"'"«'' ♦" «"»*. 
 lot been thrown'^ Sh T , f "'"V'" '"•*" '■*" *''« nnelu-r had 
 k 1 :.kV n i afely oS \^T«^1 'f »'"'"' «''e n.iddlo of 
 hlliam ilenrv no;j^^.'?b"!J"!.„^^L.^i''!:''/.'« ^'•"f cf the Fort 
 
 |«n be built •> ^ '"•^' '""^ '^ con.niodious a steamer m 
 
 For a further description of Lako George, eto . boo pagol87 
 
 liiniiiii 
 
 m ' 1 
 
284 
 
 PLSASITRK EXCURSIONS 
 
 On leav.'ng Lako George for Saratoga Springs, Troy, Albany, 
 or New York, pnsscngera aro oonyeyed fourteen miles by stage, 
 poBsing through the romantic village of Glkn's Falls, where 
 Is a beautiful cascade, being one of several falls occurring on 
 the upper waters of the Hudson River, here a rushing torrent 
 alternately gliding through mountain passes, and then plung- 
 ing over a rocky surface into the plain below. 
 
 MoREAu Station, opposite Fort Edward, situated on the 
 east bank of the Hudson, is the place where passyngers take 
 the cars of t;ho Saratoga and Whitihall Railroad, and from 
 thence proceed southward to Saratoga Springs, a farther dis- 
 tance of ] 5 miles. 
 
 Starting from Saratosi^t Sprviss the tourist can proceed to 
 Albany, via Schenectady, or Troy, a still farther distance of 32 
 miles. On arriving at Troy or Albany, the traveler has the 
 choice of proceo<ling by railroad to Boston or J\''ew York, or 
 proceeding direct to the latter city b ; steamers navigating the 
 tide-waters of th« Hudson lliver, for a distance of 150 miles I 
 above the city of Now York. 
 
 For a further description of Routes from Now York to Sara- 
 toga Springs, Luke George, etc., see Hudbon River Guiue. 
 
ifl 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 TO 
 
 SECOXD EDITIOS, 
 
 TRIP THROUGH THE LAEES, ETC. 
 
 |('r ll,at „f St. Join, w 1 .h oH^l'.ni'v L 11,''^"' ",'";"' ''"' «>"'«"fJ«'4 
 |pv..rnrn(.„t, ns u oolo.iy t ir^'o , Lm volV In*" ^'"'"""^ " ""'P'"-"* 
 Ik'lh I^r.n,ilo.s,an.linit, A^U. C m^W :^^^^ '/"^ '" "» K^""'"* 
 I ot more ttiuu u mil,. wUlo ; an.! Its oo««t , lin. Jfi '" '""' '''""" " •■ 
 
 |«iinat(. is inlhirr am Im.nn^ r . .1 . ?'"' '"''"''""I'll- tliroiighout. ThJ 
 |»ttl*uro romurkubk"' ' "^^ "'"^ '""«"vliy of iui intaabtt 
 
 iiii' ! 
 
 IPII 
 
286 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 the narro-w Strait of Canso, only n mile wide, is a bundled 
 milos long, eighty-five wide, and two hundred and sevcnty-fivd 
 in circumference. The Bras d' Or, a navigable lake, nearlvl 
 divides it in two. It contains extensive coal-fields, brine-l 
 springs, largo and conimodioua harbors, a superabunclnnce of 
 fish, and superior land for tillage. Mr. Haliburton, closing his 
 observations on the island, says : " Let the poor, unemployed! 
 man seek it, where God has given him good soil to cuUivato] 
 coal for his fuel, Mi for his food, and salt to cure it." 
 
 Of jVora Scotia Mr. Haliburton speaks in a very favorabla 
 manner. It contains 10,000 squaio miles. It abounds in minJ 
 oral riches— coal, iron, gypsum, slate, grindstone, lead, man-^ 
 ganese, copper, etc. At a short distance from the coa.st theL 
 land is of (> superior quality, and some portions of incxhaust-l 
 ible fertilit;^. On the 'dUt December, 1850, the number of ves-P 
 sels owned and registered in the Province of Nova Scotia was 
 -',701, of 163,092 tons. The value of fish tal<en was largelj 
 over $1,000,000. The quantity of coul raised was l]r),OCO, 
 chaldrons, all of which may now be calculated at a muchl 
 higher ratio. There is, however, a rare advantage which Nova 
 Scotia possesses, namely, that the harbor of Halfax is less fre-i 
 quently b ocked up with ice than any harbor in North America L 
 Suoh an event seldom occurs, and when it docp, is never of long! 
 duration. I 
 
 A"( u! Brunswick contains an area of about 30,000 squnrel 
 miles, and is as large as Ireland. Ita population is 2('O.l)00,[ 
 Its surface Is undulating, diversified with lakes, rivers, ardi 
 noble Ibrests. The river St. John is 450 miles long, ami, with| 
 its tiibnturies, drains s^'vontoen milliona acres in New 15runs- 
 wick, tlie 8tatc of Maine, and Canada. Our space will not per-i 
 mit our following Mr. Haliburton through his descriptions of I 
 New Biunswick, its vast mineral treasures, liarbors, rouda.l 
 markets, ciucs, towns, etc. He says great ignorance prevnilsl 
 in (ircat Britain relative to this splendid Trovincc, only i'qua!c(l| 
 by tliat young lady's knowledge of botany who declarwl shel 
 know th.; names of two fiowers only--" Aurora Borealis"' an>ll 
 ' i>(.'iir.um I'remens."' I 
 
 Cuihii:;! proper, according to Mr. Haliburton, is 1.000 inilofll 
 hmjr, \»'i(h nii avcrngo breadth of li'.O miles, being one tlrrfil 
 biigyr than l-rfinee or I'russia, and three times as large asj 
 (iroai. Br.ta.u and Ireland. It contaiua an area of o50,0(j0| 
 square ni,k,s, or -.MO.OOO.UOO of acres. M'iili reganl to tliel 
 li.'iilth of ('iinada,h'' gives the following comparative statemfull 
 ••f tiic- prt pertliia of di-aih.s to popuiatiou ; i'Tunce, i to 4iij| 
 Bpa.a, i to -JO; iingland, 1 to 4(i; United States, 1 to 74; Up-f 
 jver Canada, I h. ](;' Tho population of the Unitwl States, inl 
 fifty years from the year 1800, increased from 6,805,1)25 tol 
 
APPJCNDIX. 
 
 287 
 
 Ippulation nicreasod ten times-Vilf 1' ''[/^'"^y ^eais, the 
 r t^^f ^iioie United States, u thi C . ""^^' *''« '"«'-t'a«e 
 Pe wlioat crop of the United s"vi • ^^•'^''*' P^-^ceding 1805 
 
 W Canada on the Ist January 18?4,^v^h' a ^^'° *°'"^ ""P^'rts 
 kulation, amounted to £3 Us mditl^f.''T''^ »'^»- ^I'ole 
 l-utei «cate«, £2 Ts. Od to each =n tT^ ^""^"^.dual-Jn the 
 
 ains that tiie five VvovmoJTiyi\a Jt ^"'^^^^-i- ifc com- 
 Uaunon interests, no po ver' 'o " ,2"?;^" ^^^" ' of union, 
 hingcrs, no voice in the regulation nf„ ^ ^^JT-ressions of 
 >ed m ,var without thoirTn^T ,t'^'''' ^^'e-^re in- 
 l«r being consulted- that tVv h u-f n? '°"'=^'^'^«'l without 
 frhnment, nor delegates in ih^.rJ -^ rl, ^«'P''&'^Gntatives in 
 
 K has been cedfd avv.V'wi ^ ^ U^^^^ 
 f 8 this state of thing., can noT hst-t ./ h "''°''°*' •^"'' «e 
 bv.z.: Ist. Anno.4tion TtiTlTats ''^\^'V''V7''^- 
 Tthe Provinces, Avith a Colonial Rn^rH *• n' ^^''^ral Union 
 fegates in Parliament to advocate T'nhn,^'"'"'^^-^'^''* ^8, 
 [tliem and them only. 3d InoLor H?'"^ "f '^'' ""'^ ^^te 
 Wad a fair share of ^epresintatior':^ rV;!) ' 'r;'^ ^"^ 
 
 EXPORTS OP WHEAT AND FLOUB 
 
 V-mtS^^^^^^^^^^ Wheat and flo,tr to foreign 
 
 Navigation returns? ^ ^' ''' P^^-^^Iied in the Trade 
 
 Porto. 
 
 Bayfield.. Wheat, bug. Flour, bbls. 
 
 B'antford. '.'.\\ 166,3i.9 _ 
 
 tjhippewa ...,"" .\\\' — 12,492 
 
 C'oaticook . . 7,777 
 
 Cobourg . . . ." _.— , 108,299 
 
 fTf, Credit..::; AS ''"'^"5 
 
 :u. — 1 8.(!47 c/r .... M 
 
 •'■"CI- .- uu.tj-.-i. 
 
 fiundas.... •'K^'^ 15,1(54 
 
 nville... ^'n'7.^1 f'A'i.J 
 
 Fort 
 Port ill 
 Hamiltt 
 
 h K 
 
 wmL 
 
 ,006 
 
 130,300 
 
288 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Porta. Wheat, bus. Flour, Vt%. 
 
 London 118,091 - 
 
 Montreal 448,084 189,438 
 
 Osliawa — 10,533 
 
 Newcastle 96,554 — 
 
 OakviUe 282,206 
 
 Quebec 187,193 83.931 
 
 Stamford 189,332 61,990 
 
 Port Stanley 172,553 — 
 
 Toronto. 1,661,545 83,351 
 
 Whitby 379,756 6,140 
 
 Woodstock 111,986 — 
 
 Other ports 433,437 35,8o9 
 
 Total exports 4,997,656 878,775 
 
 V.alac of '(vlieat, £l,744,460~flour, £1,502.151— total valuel 
 in dollars, $12,997,648— nearly thirteen millions of dollars!! 
 Of this quantity $2,103,938 was sent to England, 8689,040 toj 
 North American Colonies, and the remainder, nearly ten mil-P 
 lions, was sent to the United States. Admitting that thesd 
 government statistics are correct, which it is hardly stfe to doJ 
 as they are almost invariably below the mark, the Provincial 
 export iB very satisfactory. Comparing the past with previou 
 yoai"3, the following is the result : 
 
 Wheat. Flour. Value, 
 
 1864 933,756 608,623 £842,620 
 
 im.'. 3,193,748 643,930 2,932,691 
 
 1856 4,997,656 878,775 3,240,912 
 
 RAILWAY TEAFFIO IN CANADA. 
 
 From a statement in IJcrapnth's Railway Journal wo lenr 
 that though the progress of railways in Canada has not equalc^ 
 that of the Unitetl States, yet Upper and Lower Canada alonl 
 now number 1,419 miles. The increase ha.s been as follows : 
 
 18-t7. 
 1848. 
 1849. 
 1860. 
 1861. 
 
 Miles oponor!, 
 
 -s. 
 
 30 
 
 Miles opciici 
 
 42 
 
 1852 
 
 18.')3. 
 
 1851. 
 
 18.55. 
 
 1856. 
 
 The Canada Railways in operation arc, miles 141^ 
 
APPENDIX. ggg.., 
 
 Railway TRWFic—Cotitinued. 
 
 Miles opci n Upper and 1 
 Buffalo and Lake Huron . . '^""'^ ' ^'"''tf' 
 
 Champl lin and St. Lawrence . 40 
 
 Cobourg and Peterboro' ... oq 
 
 Erie and Ontario ' f- 
 
 Grand Trunk (Canada portion) '.'. 7a( 
 
 Great Western ... iyY.\ 
 
 London and Port Stanley ." 04 
 
 Montreal and New York 07 
 
 Ontario, Simcoe and Huron qL 
 
 Port Dalliousie and Tliorold.... 4 
 
 Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton ...'.' " .' .' .' ' " " ' ." 4* 
 
 '^''•^^^ i~m 
 
 SURVEY OF THE OTTAWA AND FEEXCII EIVEE EOUTE, 
 
 EXTEXDIXO FROM OTTAWA CITY TO LAKE UtrBOX. 
 
 This grand project of uniting the waters of Lake Huron and 
 the Ottawa has been recommended by the Provincial ParUa- 
 ment of Canada, and minute survey made of the proposed route. . 
 
 [ Wie report of the engineer says : 
 
 I " The old canoe route of tJio voi/a,^ews of the northwest fol- 
 iw'^A T*" ''^"•^''"* ^^^^ ""^'^^ above Ottawa C?tyo tt . 
 
 iKst, to ts head waters on Trout Lake, about 40 miles, it there 
 
 Zwa }!.on;'i?'* 1 •^'^'1 ''P"^"""S tbe waters flowing to tS 
 Ottawa from these tributaries to the Lakes and St. L.-rwrenco 
 
 L, u1 w//^'? ^^1f'"S ridge maybe taken at three mSes; , 
 Iml t IS washed on tlie west side by Lake Nipinsing; crossin« 
 
 \lL n n! "^''"? ^i;""" *'"^ °*°""' '^f t^° Matawan, where we 
 cave the Ot awa to that of French Kiver, is about iL'o miles-- 
 being a total of 305 miles from Ottawa City " ' '-^ ™"<^ 
 
 Iho above described route is pronounced perfectly practicable 
 lor a sh>p canal route. " Of the 180 miles from Ottawa City to 
 
 lllio Matawan, about 85 miles are navigated, in three distinct 
 ections by steamers of from 5 to 5J tbot draught of vrnter 
 
 |jn:.pV.;V,'.uV i/"- ;■ fo^^'^'^ij^ tiicy now a.so;na liciatr ."Les Deux 
 IJoachiins Kapids, 13o miles above the city of Ottawa " The 
 jengmeei' adds ; 
 
 j '■ This old canoe route is that which will be adopted for any 
 larger scheme of navigation that the growing wants of the coun- 
 try may require to be perfected by the valley of the Ottawa." 
 
 i 
 
290 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 EXTRACTS FPvOM REPORTS, ESTIMATEd, ETC., RELATl E To| 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS OP THE NAVIGATION OF TUE RIVER 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE, 1856. 
 
 RAPIDS OF THE ST. 1.AWRENCE HIVER. 
 
 Estimates of cost of procuring a navigable cbannol through 
 out the whole of the Rapids of the river Gt. Lawrence, fron 
 Prescott to the head of the Lachine Can \,] , by removing thg 
 obstructions ; that channel to be 200 feet wJde, and between 12 
 and 13 feet'deep at low summer water : 
 
 Feet. In. Eft. CdUti 
 
 . Galops Rapids (Isle au Galops to Point Iroquois).. 14 9 £ll,m 
 
 2. Rapid Plat 11 6 J 
 
 8. Lon? Sault (North Channel) 4S 1T,19^ 
 
 4. Coti-au Rapids (Lake 8t Francis to Pte. au Diable) 1 ( 40,:W{ 
 
 f. Cedar Rapids ^Pte. au Diable to Pte. au Moulin).. V84 < l.',5 
 
 6. Cascade liapids (Pte. au Moulin to Lake St. Louis) J ( 9!i,T0j 
 
 7, Lachine Rapids 44 9 — 
 
 Total 203 £180,00(1 
 
 It results from the examination made by the undersignedj 
 and upon which they have the honor of reporting above : 
 
 Ist. That the river St. Lawrence, in its present condition! 
 may be considered navigable, during low summer water, froitf 
 Prescott to the foot of Lake St. Francis, for vessels drawinJ 
 eight feet; also, through Lake St. Louis, for -vessels drawing 
 eight fciet or even ten feet, and between Lake St. Francis anq 
 St. Louis for vessels drawing six feet, and during the highej 
 stages of water by vessels respectively of a somewhat heavieJ 
 draft, however, not exceeding 8i and 6i feet. 
 
 2d. That to make it perfectly navigable throughout, fron 
 Prescott to the head of the Lachine Canal, for vessels drawing 
 ten feet, will require the removal of obstructions in the Galopj 
 Kapids, the north channel of the Long Sault, the Coteau, Ccdaij 
 and Cascade Rapids. f 
 
 8d. That the practicability of removing those obstructions H 
 means of sub-marine blasting, etc, has been ascertained bl 
 nctuiil e.vperimr in dilfercnt portions of the Coteau Riipiddj 
 and. 
 
 4th. That the cost of the whole improvement will not excee| 
 X 180,000, or $720,000. 
 
 (Signed) B. Maillefert, ) Engineers. 
 
 ■South or Am 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 291 
 
 3., BEL ATT E T0| 
 ? TUE KIVEB 
 
 jliannol through! 
 
 Lawrence, fron 
 
 by romoving thaj 
 
 , and between IS 
 
 203 £180,01 
 
 ;lie undersignedj 
 ing above : 
 
 resent condition! 
 
 imer water, from 
 vessels drawind 
 vessels drawina 
 St. Francis and 
 
 iring the highej 
 
 imcwhat heaviei 
 
 liroughout, fror 
 
 vessels drawinJ 
 
 ms in the Galopj 
 
 le Cotcau, Codar 
 
 e obstructions hi 
 I ascertained bl 
 ! Cotoau Kiipidiil 
 
 t will not excecl 
 
 RAPIDS, ISLAiros, ETC.. BETWEEN PREdCOlT AN" . MON- 
 TEEAL, GIVING TUE DISTANCES FiBOM PEESCOTT. 
 ■South or American Side. 
 
 IwDENSBURGH. 
 §\ortfiern Jiai/road. 
 Jumney Idands, 5 miles. 
 
 JTibbet's Island, G miles, 
 (le aux Galops, 7 miJes. 
 
 -ong Point. 
 ^apid. 
 bgden's Island, 18 miles. 
 
 TfiDDINGTON. 
 
 f'oose Neck Island, 24 miles. 
 Irysler's Island, 27 miles. 
 jtat Island, 31 milea 
 Jioyles Island, 
 -ong Sault Island, 3G miles. 
 
 Long Sault 
 
 iarnhart's Island. 
 }^pids. 
 
 > degrees N. lat. 
 
 It. Rkgis, 
 
 iquaw laland, 61 miles. 
 
 L.VKE 
 
 2 to 6 miles 
 
 B. 
 
 s' 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 fi 
 
 O 
 
 cr 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 North or Canada Side. 
 PRE.SCOT'f, 
 
 Ottawa and Prescoft R. 
 Isle aux Moutons. 
 Drummond's Isknd. 
 Duck Mand. 
 
 G^'ops Rapid?. 
 Port Cardinal, 10 miles. 
 Tousson's Island, 12 miles 
 Port Iroquois, 14 miles. 
 
 Rapid Plat. 
 
 Williamsburg. 
 Chrysler's Farm. 
 
 Cat Island. 
 
 I Farren's Point, 33 miles. 
 i Dickinson's Landing, 38 m. 
 \ Rapids, 40 miles. 
 \ Sheek's Island, 41 miles 
 I Rapids. 
 
 Cornwall Island. 
 
 Cornwall, 50 miles. 
 
 St. Regis Island, 53 miles 
 
 Butternut Island. 
 
 St. Francim, 
 
 in width. 
 
 Cote.* <j du Lac, 80 miJea. 
 
 I!' 1 
 
 ill! 
 
 1 1 I 
 ■Tl ' • 
 
 
 \\\mm 
 
 Ml I 
 'I . 
 
 ¥1 
 
292 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 North Side. 
 
 Maclntyre Island. 
 Maple Mand. 
 
 Coteau 
 
 Thorn Island. 
 
 Pig Island. 
 
 Broad Island, 84 miles. 
 
 La Pierre Island. 
 
 Isle a TAil. 
 
 Cedar 
 
 St. Timotijy. 
 Isle aux Noix. 
 
 Split Rock River. 
 
 Cascade 
 
 Beauhabnois, 96 miles. 
 Mouth of Ottawu River. 
 
 Lake 
 4 to 8 miles 
 Caughnawaga, 
 Montreal Sf JVcw York R.R. 
 
 Lachine 
 
 Isle aux DIahle. 
 La Pbairie. 
 
 Victoria 
 St Helen's Island. 
 
 South Sid2. 
 
 Giroux Island. 
 French Island. 
 Eapids, 82 miles. 
 
 Fish Island. 
 Prisoner's Island. 
 Isle aux Vachos. 
 Cedar Village, 90 miles. 
 
 Eapids. 
 
 Isle aux Quacks. 
 Isle de la Grande Chute. 
 Pointe aux Moulin. 
 Round Island. 
 Rapids, 94 miles. 
 Isle aux Cascades. 
 Isle Perrot. 
 St. Louis, 
 in width. 
 
 Lachine, 112 miles. 
 Lachine Railroad, 
 Rapids, 110 miles. 
 Isle aux Heron. 
 Nun's Island. 
 Bridge, 
 MONTREAL, 122 milea 
 
 ♦ 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 293 
 
 ST. LAWEENCE AND CDAMPLAIN SHIP CANAL. 
 As the improvement of the Rapids of St. Lawrence Rivpr 
 to connection with the proposed St. Lawrence and C J^S 
 
 nlZ' "; °' *'' ^"'^*"* ^"P°^*-- *o *^° commerced 
 to h the Canadas as well as the United States, we sulvjoin the 
 following extracts, reported to the Legislative Assembly of 
 Canada dunng the 2d session, 5th Parliament. 1856 : "^ 
 
 of -?d'r:rb£™^xro? twot.^- ^'T r^' ^^^^ «« ^-* 
 
 with banks lOfeet hi^h nn,l .,1 , rj'?°*''^ ^"^ «"« vertical. 
 
 11 feet depth of water and is? f'''^ '° ""'^•"'^^y *™«« ^r 
 
 be unusual high vSr' in the W w ''^'°°' l^'''' ""^''^ "^^7 
 
 Ibe used with lli feet of water fliif? 1"^ ^^'^ ^^^'^^' *» 
 
 outheclearbctwS the eftes^nd '«?'/' -H" ^^? ^"-^^^ ^«»g' 
 
 less depth of water on ufo.niV!'''* •','? ^??* ^'^,''' ^i'^' on^ fo^t 
 
 hater in the canal •"' ''"' ^^'^'^ *^°^° ^s <Jepth of 
 
 na^iglttn S'tif^.tlo^^:^'^'^^^^^^^ 'f ™P--"S the 
 Jabout 40 miles. iS route Jin, h?'^'"''' ^'' "^ '^''^^'"'^ ^^ 
 land dam at St Ours Tnfnl f t^^^ ™Proyement of the lock 
 
 |o8 miles. Estimat^d'cosl^^S./ffi^'^""^ ''• '^^^'^"^ ^« ^orel. 
 
 |4'>fe?c:iaKcr;;?^';S.faind:r K"f J^ ^^°"^' ""^ ^^l'^" 
 
 (oi^teMon.cal),.B,rKf^i:^i;l':Sry^SS^^ 
 
 ^.g n;;:lnate'S''ifr/,^£*,^;S-Wy Canal and build- . 
 
 I'^aga (above AIontrealK sT^s , rU^f^w ^1^ Caughna- 
 
 Icost, !!>3,706,2;]0. ' ^thamplain level). Esumated . 
 
 ia;;ntXectiiSf.J;rh\\^Tj^^^^^^^ J«'- to CaugLnawa- - 
 nois Canal. 25^ n^iC^^trralKstl'o?!?^^ ^^""^^^- 
 
 andtKtent^^^^^^ 'O'*^' ^ve ascending.. I 
 
 leanal. The d rect lino m„.H °^ v '^^ '"'^^^ 1°^^ length of 
 ^t Lawrence^, J'°d win ;ruto,T^^^ ^'^''' ^''"^ "^^ , ' 
 
 h, feeder w.ll enter tlec?nal.f„.'^, ^^' '"''^^« "^ l«"Sth. ' 
 [he terminus nt r-uH n.w ''*.,*. P"'"* 'I'^O"* fourmik-s from , 
 |eaugl,na'.vnga"ifl abot onI"„mi „ {''f/"^J--"'ce into tlie lock at , 
 Imd "ferry wharf 'Al^s t h ' n '^'^^^ ""!•;« ''^^^^ the railroad 
 |entrance:wi?hdep.l of water anr''-r°* "^^ ^^*'^^'' '^ go""! ^ 
 hod. The ^^^^^S^\:^£Zil^^^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 Ifmi: 
 
 II., :i' 
 
.94 
 
 APPKNDIX. 
 
 that Will bo required; very safe, and by means of a small is]. 
 and immediately above, very capacious accommodation may bo 
 made, at mod-rate expense for the lumber trade, in chancing 
 from the river to the, canal, as well as for vessels, in their tran- 
 bit between river and canal." 
 
 In order to make the above magnificent improvements avail- 
 able to the city of New York and the Union at large, it would 
 require a Ship Canal to bo constructed from Whitehall to Al- 
 bany or Hudson, a total distance of about 90 miles. 
 
 When tlie united wisdom and capital of Canada and the United 
 States shall have completed this great work, then may we see 
 vessels of oqe thousand tons burden or upward loading at the 
 different ports on the Upper Lakes, and sailing direct fvr Mon- 
 treal* or New York, and from either of the above .sea-ports 
 proceed direct to the different ports on tho Atlantic or Tacific 
 oceans. 
 
 • The Lachint Canal, 8) miles In length, would have to be enlarged to j 
 the Bamo dimensions as tho proposed St. Lawrence ond Champlaln CanaL I 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 295 
 
 § 
 
 THE VICTOniA BRIDGE AT MONTREAL 
 Thk preparation for the erection was enormous savs th« 
 Canada correspondent of the C'cairr ■ ^ ^ 
 
 which this way for thJ ln!.r3 ' ''° *^® ihanien, over 
 
 giant St. Lawinc /a Hv.^^t ut 'd"ri' h'! '''''"^^"' »^^' "'« 
 huccessive seas that i^ch to >^ ''^^ p*^'f ?^"'°' ''"'^ »>y the 
 taught in the gorge ofTl\i:^",^r^^^^^^ ^'" ^'^'-'^ river 
 
 and its education not fb goU^^^^^^ ^^ *'"« ''^PiJs. 
 
 jv. th. an iron road o.^S^^'l^-^S^ ^ ^^^^ 
 
 f /^h Jti!^!;? ;:;'5:;^'^^sr<;;'^r';v7^*-r- - °^ 
 
 IchinatoHuchasthis fonno,! i • -y'-whcn the ico of a 
 widening of the HveV TuTL rr;.!!.-, " if ''T'' 'i"^'"' "^ 
 in mass by the accumulatLn rtl » < ' ^I'C" thus taken up 
 in the descent of the "an r^t U^i *'"«'"'"'« V"* '"-^ ''''"ken 
 terrible current ko Z -i ^"'<''"""' ^""'^s down riding the 
 work must bo nSgir^-^^^; r^Jjjr' "^f «'-'oture of .^an's 
 ber ever so heavy, and thcknininf* ^^1^'^ V* ''■*'"''' ^''^ tim- 
 of a taneO.rake! ^- ich wou 1 ?,f I '.^'' hr '^''^^''« i"f>-i'--acie8 
 attack. This must Z^u<^^''Z.^T" "''' ^'^'«««»ding 
 nver must bo resDcctod I ". . . '. "'" commerce of the 
 
 hpn"g.iuusMi.ebridg;Lph.cSd ' '^" '''^"'-■" """'^ «^ ^''^ 
 
 »iopo a. t,> ")«kVuI ;i; i',,!' ; Vice I'' 1 ''r ";.!r-'^^ «"^'' ^ 
 
 ment is a great work in s If , nd i f f 1 ""'• ?'''"* '''"'^'^"k- 
 »tep. In The river 24 n «■« mI . I .*-'"'" ^"'^ '" ^''° »<-'^t 
 P'edictiou. I U.ink the tmiris u , n i"'' .. ^' '* ^"« «^» in 
 of the engi„n.r as at the h v dr . T" "^ ^''^ ^'■'''' «"•*""'■««« 
 tbeso pio^s. these fbundati Z t^'l^thL"' r"^"'^^*, ..""' "^ 
 14 m jirogress. loavinir 4 fi>.. . '"^"'a"- '•• ure built, and 
 
 wail, ten .Jum.'ind " "in J Jda ' i''^^ "*" "" """™-^ 
 
 "•ir ba.o. and so angled 1 u^ f j '''.''■'-''^ ''*' " ^'''^^^ «t 
 
 sloi'o, and. broken at the .^^,1 in t'''*^ '"" ' ''''^'^ "P «'« 
 
 in' Idock. on either s de fu ' ' ! ''^' ""V"'"*^' «'' ""«8- 
 
 k;;::'a;;:r;^^'s.-fi-i;rfc^^ 
 
 himd can construct. ''''' luvulucrablo aa human 
 
 ill! 
 
 m 
 
296 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I am glad to have seen them in this unfinishcu condition 
 for arch ol tJ,e Hon.an age can not furnisli more of U.e beauty 
 of the graceful with the ponderous than tlicse great structuri 
 Bentmelmg this mighty river. At each end of the bSe^ 
 tube ,s securely placed, and a just judgment of the bridge caJ 
 be formed ,n an e,;ammation of these. I presume the idea S 
 most of us concerning a tube to be used as a bri.Ig. is that of 
 
 PvlTnT ' Ti" ^'^^ r " ^"^? "^ '^ toh^cove, an enorn.ous h-o„ 
 cy inder. The reality is that they approach the squ.re Z 
 TZil '?',^;? with sides of height gvLtev than tl^ bre'ad { 
 of top and bottom, the iron of the bottom thickened at the os 
 tremities, that of tlie top made strongest at the center, to resisJ 
 ah e coinpressun and elongation. The effects of boat and hZ 
 nreforeseen and the sunshine is given room sufficient for i 
 daily sport w,(h the metal by the use of rollers. Thoroudly 
 painted, with its rivets iu line, its ridges at intorvala, close and 
 secure, it seems like a long saloon. 
 
 «' Four more of (hose tubes are to be laid in this year's work 
 It must be reco lected that it is only from May to November 
 tliat work can be done, for a Montreal winter is no time fori 
 T^Z' ^'";-<l""r employment Twelve hundred men are era- 
 pioyert. I he preparations for every department of the work 
 would suthce fur the enrrgies of most communities. To build 
 in this dap rapid the coff.-rdttms, in which working as se u.ely 
 as il m a mountain sha;t, the masonry is laid, is of the mo^^ i 
 arducus undertakings. All manner of' anchorage is ne.-''Jary ! 
 ami with tlic.e. with groat cribs, and piles, and whatever eh^ 
 can bind an.l hold, the contest is unceasing. If the pier ill! 
 go up the river will g„ down, and it is only the surem.premuoy 
 
 patient perseverance that brings the.se great mass -s of 
 clenched masonry to the surface. Waeu the Ibundation stones 
 are once laid, six weeks sufhoe for the construction of a pier 
 Men work steam works, and wheels and cylinder will lift, audi 
 tug, and build, when human arm would weary, and human 
 
 llvlll b I fill, I 
 
 "Great frameworks of solid timber arc tenmirarlly built up. 
 and on those iho platci are brought for the tubiss and the 
 rivders .,0 their work; no fragile scalf Iding where there is s 
 •-onrtanl limitation of the labor by the insecurity, but a firm 
 Uoor 18 made, and the clinking hammer swings clear and tull. 
 
 1 he sides are put together iu the workshops on the .s!.<,ro, ami ' 
 lUe next tube finds tlie proper arrangements ready for coai. 
 plotc union with the one already placed. Each fubo wei»l,.l 
 «Dout trnue iiundrod tons, and the spin is LMO feot, the ceul 
 ones to be greater, Kven now. incomplete and unfmishod. t 
 
 Victorm l)iidgo' takes rank as the ii.blcst structure of o 
 this continent has within it." 
 
C. L. BEACH, FROFRIBTOZl. 
 
 This favorite Summer Resort is now open for the recention 
 of v..tors The buiUiin, is 200 feet fro'nt, wit., a wL? 
 et. and three stories high. A splendid colonnade extends 
 [along the front of the main building 
 
 It is situated 12 miles from the village of Catskill. upon the 
 
 ,212 f et above tide- water ; the Hound Top, the highest peak 
 [bemg elevated 3,804 feet. ^ ' 
 
 I f °;';"' n«^°mn'odation of visitors, the Messrs. B.ach have 
 
 «tabl,she< a line of stages in connection with the "ud o„ 
 River day ,„,,,, ,,„ ^^.^j,,^ ^, ,j_^ ^^^^^^^^^^ <iBon 
 
 t T". """• ''''' "•^^•° ">- -^^•^•=«»^«'l a steam er^y 
 between Catskill Landing and Oak Hill Station, for tho bettor 
 accommodation of passengers by railroad 
 Their A.KNT will bo found at all ti.nes. at tho Steamboat 
 and,ng and at tho Hudson Iliver Railroad Station. Oak Hill 
 
 |to assist passengers, take charge of baggage, etc. 
 
 iun;'ct.;r:bie!" u\: i?'':^it':^^, v- ^^^ -* ^ 
 
 itho almost iiiiM.u;udo'pi^poS^;rfr;.;!;''''H;^i:;,u" justko to 
 
 •orld and .t« concerns. Y„u sco nothing abuio or CoJJd 
 
 ^!^l 
 
 lii 
 
 ill 
 
 'HI 
 
 
298 
 
 CATSKILL MOUNTAiKS. 
 
 you— all is below— even the clouds wheel and roll in fleecy 
 grandeur at your feet. Forests, meadows, harvest fiol-l^, plains 
 mountains, rivers, Inkes, cottoges, villafres, and citie- iire in 
 every direction A deep repose seems to have sotiled upon the 
 world. No sound reaches you, except perhaps tiie rattle of 
 thunder from some distant hill, or the sweet song of tlio moun- 
 tain bird upon the tree beneath you. 
 
 " The South and North IMountains are peaks a short distance 
 from the liouse. affording different nnd, if possible, slUl more 
 mngnificent views Good foot paths lead to these points and 
 aside from tlie prosp-ot, the cool, bracing air rendens tliesa and 
 many other walks about the mountains invigorating and de- 
 lightful. ° 
 
 "The 'Cauterskill,' or « Kaaterskill, Falls' is nnother 
 wonder to bo seen at this place. Indeed, many pr fer tlie 
 beauty here presented to the view in front. They me ahmt 
 one and a half or two miles west of the Mountjiin Houi^u to 
 which carringos run for the accommodation of visitors, 'hie 
 body of water is small, and comes from two lakes on Oio suiu- 
 mit of the mountain. It precipitates itself over a rock at tho 
 end of one of the lakes to the depth of one hundred iiu I eiglity 
 feet, then runs about one hundred feet and sprinirs over uio bcr 
 rock to the d.pth of eighty feet more. Tho descent to tlie bi)t- 
 torn 18 perfectly safe and easy. Steps are arrang'd all tiic 
 way, and, although thousands yearly descend them, no ac j- 
 dent has ever happened.* When at the bottom, you .^.zo wii'.i 
 astonishment and deliglit at tho wonders before you. Vou p.s. 
 behind the water, and find yourself in a cavernous aiiiiihi- 
 theater, whose ro ky vault ex ends far in front, and the railin" 
 epray seems i, cur^,ain of mist let down at tho cntram-e Ynu 
 look beyond, and as you see the moss-covered rock (.rising t., 
 the very lioavens above, you seem to bo in some d.l Didatea 
 cathedral of nature, the roof of which has bug siuco dib- 
 appeared." *" 
 
 Is located iminodiately above the Cauterskill Falls ((^nlsKili 
 Mountains). J. L. SrnuxT, proprietor. This delighttul : .unnuT 
 resort i« Hitu..vt6d ma gorge, amid tho most picturesquo i.,.rtiou 
 of the t tttskills. It IS about ^ miles from th.. •• .Mountnin 
 HouM. be :»g apprQ-ichsil hy a good mouataia road. 
 
 • An n<<-I.I(>nl <.oriirrc(l at the lower fUll July 30," 1860. wh.-ii C U. 1'..-.. 
 tor foil from H ,,ro|,.,.ti„« rock Int.. th,. ahyn, bol.,;, « ,IUn ," ,f " . r su 
 
 !n u... l';;rfur:i;;;ccl;r*'""' """ "'• "'^'' '''-^'"« ■''• •»- -'" - """ 
 
id roll in fleecy 
 OHt ficMs, plains, 
 md citie.; are in 
 sotlled upon the 
 ps the rattle of 
 ng of the nioun- 
 
 a short distance 
 isiblo, si '11 more 
 lesc points, and, 
 juders these and 
 orating nnd dc- 
 
 'am^s' is another 
 nany pr fer the 
 Thoy are about 
 intnin House, to 
 if visitors. Tlie 
 :e3 on the suni- 
 M" a mck at the 
 drcd au 1 eiglity 
 igs over anohcr 
 icenL to the bot- 
 iTang;>d all the 
 
 them, no ac i- 
 , you g'lze wiih 
 you. Vou puss 
 rernous aniphi- 
 
 and the laliin;,' 
 cntr,uic(>. You 
 rock arising in 
 )nio dil !})idiiteil 
 long sincu dis- 
 
 -SIS 
 
 _Fm1],'< (ralsliill 
 ightt'ul ; uintaer 
 iri'squi' portion 
 h<- " Mi^iniain 
 Olid. 
 
 wlu'ii 0. 1). I'lis- 
 
 Klliacr i)f ,■() (If HO 
 
 Juw uiiil au Hrm 
 
CL 
 
 Is situat( 
 FALLS. 1 
 side of the ; 
 to porters t 
 
 and departu 
 
 Cx-IFTOX, 
 
 INTI 
 
 Mi 
 
 
 NIAI 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 CLIFTOi\ HOUSE, 
 
 On the Canada Side, 
 
 Is situated directly in front of the AMERICAN and BRITISH 
 FALLS Visitors should Check their Baggage to the Canada 
 B.de of the Niagara Suspension ^..V^.. and hand their checks 
 to porters wearing Badge of 
 
 "CLIFTON HOUSE." 
 
 f OMAIIBUSES and Baggage Wagons attend the arrival 
 and departure of all Passenger Trains at the Bridge. 
 
 ClFTOX. C. W. ^' ^' ^"^^'^'' ^''^'''^'''^ 
 
 I 
 
 i'l: 'I 
 
 1:1: ; , 
 
 INTERMTIOiYAL HOTEL, 
 
 
 iP>«< I .» II (3 
 
 **5JI!J,„, 
 
 TS' ^fi, [\ rK\ (If* nrv 
 
 ylKX « . . m- 
 
 fm, *M) 
 
 PROPRIKTOIIS, 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, (American Side.) 
 
 <** 
 
Ean(smi2©iisj iiso2Siiss'©2i, 
 
 W Stkami 
 Mackinac, Chic 
 
ADVERTISKMKNT8. 
 
 CHIPPEWA HOUSE 
 
 SAUT STE HI4KIE, IfllCH 
 
 H. P. SMITH. 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 411MSTR0IG HOUSE. 
 
 COLLIiVGWOOD, C. W. 
 
 IP 
 
 ! I- . 
 
 This IIoTroL, adjoining the Railroad Depot will h« f .. ^ 
 
 G. W. ARMSTEONG, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 ^ Sticamers leave the landing, near the Ilof.l ^ -i r 
 Mackinac. Chicago. Saut Ste iMario. etc. ' '^ ^°'" 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 '5 
 
 corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 GAGE, BROTOEB & DRAKE, Proprlclors. 
 
 LTlJ Llla £] ^ jj 
 
 Randolph Street, CHICAGO. 
 FLOYD &. FRENCH, PROPRIETORS. 
 
 RICHMOND HOUSE, 
 
 Michigan Avenue, CHICAGO. 
 TABER &. CO., PROPRIETORS. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 bpssell'sIiotel: 
 
 I'A.LACE STREET, 
 
 QimBEC (Upper Town). 
 
 fa louse i, fu.Tf:a„! ,"':^••"''''■'r"''•'''•■■ 
 
 i :t 
 
 n:i 
 
 ^ It 
 
 OHURCH STREET 
 
 TORONTO, C. W. 
 
 Toronto, ^/,n7 21, 1867. 
 
 
 il: ; llJ 
 
 i! 
 
 il 
 
 m 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 "V^ILSOISr HOUSE, 
 
 Main Str eet, Brockvi lle, C. W. 
 
 IcS u"eTS S?se"'tTwm''lf>er^r^,^ "nd the public, H,at he hn, 
 
 of tto si:t::i::ij!^^^v^::!i:'^Li:^ji^^'^^^ r '^y^ "- 
 
 enter at once. I.v stcanilmat iiito th,w/!^ I ' -^ '^'"" "' 'l'^ "mvclor may 
 Islands. Or f the von . f, i l^ni , Vf m. i? f'*"'"""-^ "'^ "'" Thousand 
 ed, the local position of Kv ?c 'ndc^rs f^ ^ m >X?wf •"'■'' "" !j<^ """'• 
 same time tlie most couveniont Hn,>t «>, 1 i ■ *' Pi'fieinjr, and at the 
 
 Montreal and Quehec ^ ' '""""S steamboat downward to 
 
 rest, and continue tb- iS^.^n^v- 'ei^I Ki?^ '^r wls "SffT"'- "'^h'"'" 
 there being a\ocal and tlirougii train Lch way. ' f"»owmg day, 
 
 THE WILSON HOUS E 
 
 pm^!^""^ '"''''' ^''"^ ""' '^""•^'''^ J^«'^. Perm, FarmersviUe, West- 
 
 JOHN BRENNAN, Proprietor 
 
 ROWE'S HOTEL, 
 
 ALEXANDRIA BAY, 
 
 JEFFEFiSON 
 
 Thia IToiiso is entirely new, and 
 style. _ It U in the viein^..f the ,r..i^,;:^GZ:nr^' SZ 
 
 CO., N. Y. 
 
 s flttedand_ furnished in flrst-elasi 
 
 SAND IsLANL.; Which ua^' bee me^8o„„fedfi;;^tlw.> ?"''%""'' i'i« ^"Of. 
 scenery. uoLoinc so noted for tlieir beauty and fomantio 
 
 tSff- The American Steamers make regular la.idinjrs at this place. 
 
 B. EOWE, Proprietor. 
 
 CROSSMON'S HOTEL, 
 
 ALEXANDRIA BAY 
 
 JEFFEK80N CO., N. Y. ' 
 
 The proximity of this House to the Thousand Islands (.he great Ashing 
 
 TZn " " "' ""' ""' '"'"^'" '""""''"• '-^«- " » -i-'-^ ' 
 
 Tkc American Boats make regular landings at this place. 
 tSr rassengers conveyed inland to any part of the county 
 
 CHARLES CROSSMON. Proprietor. 
 
 jfiteaiaboat Laa 
 
I^KE GEOHGt. 
 
 grou-da. The ra'cC Tm ,^ °*°''™ °'"' ""I tafled 
 
 »-e7ance f™ i r^^t |p:,„t-°; -^/^ '^ '— of 
 Steamer, , and and reoei«p«;^t"" f° '"""'^''^ 
 
 ^'^^''^ell, Warren County, N. Y 
 
 WOODRF- , ilOUSE, ~ 
 
 (Opposite the Park J 
 
 WATERTOWN, N. Y. 
 
 ». DOBSEY, Proprietor. 
 
 ST. LAWRBTOB HOTEL 
 
 (^"■nero/Fordand Stat, street. ' 
 
 OGDENSBURGH, N. Y. 
 
 D. SOBSEV P..„^-._^-_ 
 
 i :(•, 
 
 i/ih'T 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 THE 
 
 FOKT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL, 
 
 OPENED FOR THJi RECEPTION OF GUESTS ON THE IST 
 
 JUNE, 1857. 
 
 This is a iew Hotel, erected in ]8o5, situated at the south 
 end of Lakk Gkorge, immediately adjoining the ruins of Fort 
 William Henry, and a sliort distance from the Lake House. 
 It has a view of the Lake for miles northward. 
 
 The house and furniture have cost about $97,000. It is S35 
 feet iu length on tlio Lake, and 42 feet deep, with a wing 192 
 feet in the rear. Tlie grounds arc laid out in the most beauti- 
 ful manner, with fountains, etc. The house can comfortably 
 occommodato 350 guests. 
 
 Water is brought for the use of the Hotel from a mountain 
 spring, the distance of a mile, and is carried to every part of 
 the house, furnishing a full supply of Hot and Cold Baths ; the 
 house is lighted throughout with gas. 
 
 Thp Hotel contains every comfort and convenience that can 
 1)0 desired, and is furnished in a style not inferior to our first- 
 class city hotels. 
 
 The rooni.'j are all largo, with complete ventilation, and moat 
 of them connect, so that suites of rooms may bo had, or private 
 parlors, as may be preferred. A Livery Stable is connected 
 with tho houso, together with an abundance of stable and born 
 room. A Billiard and Bowling Saloon is also attached to tho 
 IIoncL. 
 
 I"*^ All communications to bo addressed to " Caldwill, 
 Warrp-i County, N. Y." 
 
 DANIEL QALE, Proprietor 
 
ON THE 1st 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 COLEMAN'S 
 
 lOITftlAI HODSI, 
 
 COIlNEn OF ■' 
 
 Cl'STOM HOUSE SOUAIIE. 
 
 TUs spacious IIoTEr. iT^^^^^i^^^^^ prominently ,itu 
 ted. commanding a beautiful view of the St. Lawrenc and i^ 
 unsurpassed by any house in the city for its stvlo fin, 1 
 
 7;oT '" "'"'-" - «'»" '» '^« ^- «- 
 
 the .co„mmmI,.,i„„ „f ,,;, g„e»t,, and being d.,c!I!^TaZ 
 ■'• WAHUEN COLEMAN, Proprietor. 
 
 C*reat St James Street, 
 
 ^iONTREAL. 
 
 CtRT ROOM, unequalcl by any Hotel in Canada 
 ^ The TABLE will receive special attention/with the view 
 ,• ii'Ji and cui-U UATIIS can bo had nt nil i " , 
 
 oMNinuswiH „iw.ysbo in atte^:;:!!" '::;;;:';; 
 
 I partviro of lUilwny Car, „„ | Sl,ca.nlK,at«, ''" 
 
 PMN & IIoaAN, rroprlotom 
 
 il k: 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 CLARENDON HOTEL 
 
 LEWIS STREET, UPPER TOWN, 
 QUEBEC. 
 
 Tlie Prophietor begs to return thanks to the puWic for the 
 kind patronage which has been liberally bestowed on hiui, 
 and inlbrma them that ho has in many ways improved, with 
 regard to elegance and comfort, this old and well-known 
 Establishment. 
 
 His DINING HALL has been re-fitted according to (ho 
 PARISIAN STYLE, and he flatters hrmsolf that his Table 
 will be second to none in the country. As to the situation 
 of the IIoTKL, it is in one of the most central aiKl healthiest 
 parts of the city. It is alw contiguous to the Court Ilouite, 
 Olympic Theater, Governor's Garden, Citauel, Durham Terrace, 
 and other places of public resort. 
 
 H. O'NEILL. 
 
 W. NORMAN'S VICTORIA HOTEL, 
 
 POINT LEVI, 
 
 OPPOSITE QUEBEC, 
 
 tDJOININQ TMK TKU.MINUS OF TilK (3RAND TRUNK RAILWAT. 
 
 Trdvclcr.s and Tourists will find the above Hotel a most com- 
 fortable und ploosant rcstingplaco, having a pplcndid view on 
 the lUvor St. Lawrence, and being surrounded by largo onJ 
 beautiful Gardens. 
 
 Btoaralwats crossing from tho Hotel to Quoboo OTory ton 
 
 (BiSUT'OB. 
 
 Jf^ I'ormita to visit the Citadel 
 
 may be had at tho Office. 
 
 This El 
 
 ncnt pan 
 
 supply to 
 
 struotod. 
 
 tJjJs couu 
 
 story is sii 
 
 TJie Pro 
 
 that the I 
 
 public. , 
 
 rates. Tr« 
 
 Toronto, ,, 
 
 imi 
 
 CORN 
 
 kui 
 
 MU 
 
 Hot, Cold, and Shower Bntht at any minute. 
 
OTEL 
 
 TOWN, 
 
 tlio public for tlie 
 
 jcatowc'.l on liiui, 
 
 ra improved, with 
 
 an'l wcU-kiiown 
 
 UwOording to (ho 
 f that his Table 
 to tho aituation 
 vl ami healthiest 
 ho Court IIouMO, 
 Durham Terrace, 
 
 EILL. 
 
 ADVKimSKMENTS. 
 
 COIi.Vm 0. Km AND VORK STMKX.. ' 
 
 TORONTO, C. W. 
 
 "'- country. Tlo J. il '""''''' ""'^••P'^^^ocI in 
 
 The Pror-. ■!!,,' ^''°'"' "^"^^ ^^''»'«- ^"lo.set3. 
 
 P"'^'- - -Kanont Board ^^;,r:7""^^^^^ 
 
 ' rates. Transient Quests. $2 per day ^ '''"'"'^^^ 
 
 _To'^NTo. .rune, issr. ^- C- JOSLIN, Proprietor. 
 
 HOTEL, I ''''''''■'' ''' '^'^^ AKD CLAKI.XCK ST.KI^rS, ^ ^^ 
 
 KINGSTON, CAN. 
 
 GILBERT & KENT, 
 
 pruNGER iiousE; 
 
 OSWEGO, N. Y. 
 
 MUNGl^i^ & HON. 
 
 RUNK RAILWAT. 
 
 otol a most com- 
 i«ph'n'lld view on 
 id by largo and 
 
 loboo oTory ten 
 
 ftt tho Office, 
 ilnuttt. 
 
 PHOI'itiKToi^g 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, 
 
 PUTNAM 6l FAirsr, 
 
 mOPRIETORS. 
 This largo and popular Hotel, delightfully situated opposite 
 ) CONGRESS SPRING, 
 
 is now fitted up with every accommodation for the comfort of 
 yisitora. 
 
 The buildings and grounds Lave been recently enlarged, 
 maluiig it one of tJio most extensive Hotels in the Union, 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS, 
 
 NEAR CONGRESS SPRING, 
 
 HAT HORN & HALL, 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 AMERICAN HOTEL, 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 BT WILCOX & FITKIN, 
 
 fleasaintly bttt'atktj on tttk wkst side of 
 
 BROADWAY, 
 ■r- lla * wny between United Statca Hotel and Union Hall I Montreal 
 
iituatod opposite 
 
 the comfort of 
 
 5T BlDii OF 
 
 nd TJnlon Hall 
 
 ■A-^VKHTISEMENTS. 
 
 ROYAL Mlillii^i^j^y^ 
 
 FOR 
 
 Kingston Cobnrff, Port Hope, EarJington, 
 Toronto, and Hamilton. 
 
 TltE rOLLOlVINO 
 
 First-Class Upper-Cabin Steamers 
 
 Composo this Lino, viz 
 KLVr.STON, (Iron) 
 
 PASS|.()Hii, (j^- • - Howard. 
 
 champion:::: - max-w""J''- 
 
 MAGNl'/r, (Iron) .' .V. ■.;::; ;; Smci,AiR. ' 
 
 i "py were uuilt expresslv fr.- t i 
 coinmociious, staunch anl in .v"^'" ''"'' ^'^cr Navigation- 
 every roquiroment t'r sSt} nZWT'' .""'^^ fo.fn.i wUh 
 
 ^r^^y'Z:^Z:r^<:^' '^""fJ Basin. Mo.Tn PA. 
 rn-al of thel2oYU t^i;?„*5/J-7l ^Acn.. on tho ar.' 
 
 «n.l intcnncliato ports, drSwitZf^^^^^ ^'^ "'« '^''ove 
 
 s follows: at Hamilton/wTth ,0 J'jr^^^^^^^ 
 [ondon Chatham. Win.lJor I^^^.,,iit S ^ 'T\'' "'"'^"^ «•? 
 Iwaukeo, etc.; at Toronto. witltSM^?/'''''""'^' '^'- i'**"!. 
 Mackinaw, Groon Bay, an" Tli rlw ^"»'"'°''° ""ilroad ibr 
 It ^Iapar,l, with Iho Prin w. ^^'^^'* "» I'l^fo Michiirrr. 
 
 1.0 the touriHt or pleasnrsVk' i "'S^^^'^ «'« 
 
 ,<i(>sirablo convvanca-oomf ,,-t.,hL , '"^ ''"« '''^"••«'« a nicst 
 'P;;«i«g throufe. the cSS "^/.!^"''*"^^"^''''^P"*«t'•o^- 
 ///''»^v„,,(/y,/^ . *y""I scenory of tho Lu/.r of {',, 
 
 Montreal, J»/c^ 4, jgc;- ^E'^- MILLOF, Agent. 
 
ADVKRTISEMENTS. 
 
 ROYAL MAIL STKAMBOxVT ROUTE 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. 
 
 THE MAGNIFICENT STEAMERS 
 JOHN MUNN A. Crawford, Command«r. 
 
 Lcngih 312 feet Cylinder 72 inches. 
 QUEBEC A. M. Rudolf, Commanaer. 
 
 Length 280 feet. Cylinder GO inches. 
 
 CAlilN F.IRU REDUCED TO $2 aO. 
 
 Carrying Passoiip;ers in connection with all the popular lines 
 of travel from the Falls of Ni.vgaka to the sublime wenery 
 of the llivfeR Saguenav. The grandeur and variety of the 
 views on the Rivkr St. Lawkfcnce present unequaled attrac- 
 tions to Travelers, and have secured for this llouio great and 
 increasing popularity. 
 
 Leave Monthkal at 7 p.m. Leave Quebec at 5 p.m., daily 
 (Sundays excepted), arriving at an early hour the following 
 morning, in time to connect with the trains South, and the 
 Ottawa Route (during the season of navigation). 
 
 .^^9- Usual Time Downward, 10 hours— Upward, 12 hours 
 
 Conamissioner Street, Montreal. 
 
 niE STEAMER 
 
 SIR CHARLES NAPIER, 
 
 Has resumed her Regular 
 Morning nnd Afternoon Trips 
 between KINGSTON andCAI'E 
 VINCENT, connecting with the 
 Watertown and Roaie Rail- 
 road for New York and Bos- 
 ton • al;<o with the Qraivp 
 
 eto^ 
 C1P" For FrcJ^t or Passage 
 
 For Fictou & Belleville. 
 
 THE ROTAL MAIL STEAMEE 
 
 "■SlSo!" 
 
 CREIOHTON, Master. 
 
 'i&S 
 
 ^ 
 
 " BA Y OF Qf JIi\TE," I 
 
 F. A. CARRELL, Master, 
 
 Will commence her Regular! 
 Daily Trips on the Bay of[ 
 QuiNTE, leaving KingstonI 
 cvory afternoon (Sundaya cz-| 
 cepted), at half- past 8 o'clock, 
 and Belleville every morn* 
 iog at 7 o'clock. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 OTTAWA MAIL STEaIiers; 
 
 Mfffe;5fcy 
 
 DAILY LINE. 
 
 MONTREAL TO OTTAWA CUT (Dytom). 
 
 and Grcnvillc llallroads. 
 
 II & Belleville. 
 
 MAIL STEAMEB 
 
 THROUGH BY DAYLIGHT 
 
 STEAMER LADY SIMPSON Capt H W q 
 
 STEAMER PHOSNIX.,.. p..„, 1, , 
 
 GRKNVILLE TO OTTAWA city""""' 
 The Ottawa Passengers and Mails will leave tl.o Tn v 
 Ra.lro.ul Depot. Bonavonluro Street, by the 7 15 J °' 
 
 daily .Sundays excejtea). connectin^wfth tb 'sl; ^'''°' 
 
 uctaiii lickets ou liberal terms ' ' -^"taui 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 THE 
 
 Uiiion Forwarding Cuiripaiiy, 
 
 Hereby give notice that their STEAMERS will be prepared, on 
 the Opening of Navigation, to carry Passengers and Freights as 
 formerly, plying as follows : 
 
 "EMERALD" Capt. Gumming, 
 
 Will leave Aylmkr, on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday 
 mornings, at 7 o'clock, for all parts of the Urprn Ottawa, 
 connecting at the Chatts, per Railroad, with the Stonmr^r " Oric 
 GON," returning to Aylmkr on the afternoon of the same day, 
 
 "OREGON," Capt. Hilliard, 
 
 Will leave Poutage Du Fort every Tucsdav, Thursdny, and 
 baturday mornings, at 7 o'clock, connoeting with the Steamer 
 "Emkrald" for Aylmkr and Ottawa •City, rctuvninf the 
 same evening to Pohtage Du Fort, from whence pa'songcrs 
 take Stage and Steamer to Pkmhroke and intermediate places 
 Ihese Steamers carry the Mail, and touch at all Stopping- 
 Places en route, up and down, between Aylmer and Portage 
 vu Fort 
 
 " PONTIAC," Capt. Batson. 
 
 pOWxXWARD.— Will leave Des Joachim on Mondays and 
 I'ridays. at 5 o'clock a.m., arriving at PKistnnoKK in time to 
 connect with Stngo and Stenmer, via Oonlds Lin'j for Ottawa. 
 
 UPWA!;p.— Will leave Pembroke samo days, at 1 o'clock 
 P.M., arriving at Des Joachim early the same evening, touch- 
 ing at all points each way. 
 
 T. A. CUMAUNG, Ottawa, jigent U. F. Com. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 KK in time to 
 
 LAKE GEORGE. 
 
 T„. ^^ ^^„ Bn4.T,;;;rsTEAM» 
 
 DEROGA, the x\orth end mmn. Georgk, to Ticon- 
 
 1807. '"''• commencins oa the 8th day of Jnne, 
 
 or iramodiatelyon ar r hal jij ?fr:;"°'^* "^^ ^ o'clock pm 
 Champlain. '"' "** ^'^^ ^O'i's f'-oni the North on w' 
 
 ^7;SuirTi^ri^^:.:^:?i^^^^ the im.... or 
 
 WlnlvhaH Cars at SA«ATor\ 'q " '^''° ^''° ^'^«/<//«i,^a a„J 
 (the second Sration fro^n SoS^Tr^-,"^^ ^^^^ "^^ ^^'^^^^ 
 WARD (the third Station fj?„."j^' ^ '"''°'^' «'• at i'oRT Ed. 
 
 Ari«"c"bu"n' °„''";".'i '".'■« 'i? b"' «nJ „«.. „„„. 
 
 . rho Boiler and Furnn 
 
 I injron, and are entirerfire'prSr^ '"^ compartments encased 
 
 lim^rtved ki„^d.'°'^^''"«^PP''^^'^'»« >"« of the most porfect and 
 •boat 4 P.M. ' ^^- P'^^""««-«' cun arrive at tile lS ^^ 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 LAKE CTTA MPLAIN. 
 
 THE NEW AND SPLENDID STEAMERS 
 
 OF THE 
 VIZ., 
 
 AMERICA Capt. Flagg, 
 
 CANADA " Davih, 
 
 UNITED STATES '• Andkrsox, 
 
 Will make Two Daily Lines between Whitehall and Rouse's 
 Point (Sundays excepted). 
 
 Leave Whitehall at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m., on arrival of the 
 Morning and Evening Trains from the South and West; arrive 
 at Burlington at 4 p.m. and 4 a.m., and at Plattsburgh and 
 Rouse's Point, mornings and evenings, in time to connect with 
 Trains for Montreal and Ogdensburgh. 
 
 Passengers who leave New York by the Evening Boat will 
 arrive at Montreal and Ogdensburgh the next evening. Those 
 ■who leave New York by the 12 m. Train, Hudson River Itailroad, 
 will arrive at Whitehall at 10 p.m., and Montreal next morning 
 at 9 o'clock, and OgJensburgh at 1 o'clock p.m. 
 
 GOING SOUTH — Leave Rouse's Point every morning and 
 evening, on arrival of the Tr-iins from Montreil and Ogdens- 
 burgh, and via Plattsburgh, Burlington, and Ticonlordgi, ar- 
 rive at Whitehall at 6 a.m. and 4 p.m., connecting with Trains 
 for the South and West. 
 
 THE NEW AND BEAUTIFUL STEAMER 
 MONTREAL Capt. Lot Chamberlaix, 
 
 Will maliC D.iily Trips between Burlington and St. Albans, ni ; 
 Port Kent, Port Jackson, Plattsburgli, and the Islan'Is. 
 
 .^E^ These Boats are not excelled, either in speed, neatness 
 or comfort, by any other Boats afloat. 
 
iDVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 FOR 
 
 HIVER SAGUENAY 
 MURRAY MAY, RIVER DU LOUP 
 
 AND 
 
 KAKOPNA. 
 
 THE FIRST-CLASS SEA-GOING STEAMER 
 
 ^*5-?^;^>5 
 
 <ii 
 
 S A. Q- XJ E N- A. Y 
 
 _ 53 
 
 K. SlillUfiD, Coinnm..der, 
 
 WEEVIL"" ?.""""'" "P ^''^ '^""^"^d Kiver Saguonay ONCE A 
 WEEK, Uunng t.e months of JULY „„a AUOUSt! leai; Sel 
 
 WEDWESDAY MORWIIVG 
 
 AT SEVEN O'CLOCK, 
 Calling on the way at River Quelle, Murray Bay n'nd Vw.. a t 
 getting back on the Friday afternoon. ^" ^""P' •""• 
 
 Leaving Quebec, also, every 
 
 SATURDAY WORWIIVG 
 
 AT SEVEN 0-CLOCK, 
 
 JOHN JLAIH^ • 
 
 Commission, Forwarding, and Waucelgent. 
 ST LAWEENCE CHAMBEE6 ST PETER STREET, 
 
 QUEBEC 
 
ADVERTISKMENTS. 
 
 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 l^>s Great Raxlwav Line diverges from Mo.vtrkax. and run, 
 to the Whit. Moui^TAms of New Hampshire, and Pohti.a.b. 
 Me on the Southeast; to Quebec and St. Thoma« on the 
 ^orthcast ; and Southwest to KrNcsTOx. Toroxto, etc.. etc 
 affording facilities to Pleasure T>,^elers and Emigrants nn- 
 maled by any other Railroad ou the Continent of America- 
 formmg altogether a direct and speedy through-line of trayei 
 from the Sea-board to the great Lakes and Canada West 
 
 1. 
 
 MAIN LINE AND BRANCHES 
 
 Montreal and Portland Districts 29'' milna ;« i.„ n 
 
 sa.'^r" ■=""■ ^™'' -^'n- "-Sot's 
 
 ^'sStford c" W^'^'/^'^-nr ^'^"•'■'^^ " ''^'•*e<J 88 miles to 
 Kfa'.^ H^-^ to ^^- Sarnia. ifth*: 
 
 ^^ For Through Tabi.es or Distances, see pages 823 and 
 
 PASSENGER TRAINS leave m7.tre... Morning and 
 After^n, dunng fhe Summer months, for PouT.ANnfQuE- 
 aEC, Toronto, etc., conncctins with Rf.Pnmov.. „^^ p-m„, . 
 "HM ruonrng to oyery part of Canada and the ri„;ted Sloles 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 NEW YORK CENTfiAL RAILROAD. 
 
 (.Ccri^^ecting with Hudson River Railroad and Steamers.) 
 
 
 FOE 
 
 BUFFALO, NIAC/KA FALLS, 
 DETROIT, tol; ':>o 
 
 CLEYELAND, CI^CiiVMT , 'ciIICAGO 
 
 HJLWltREE, MVWIsoy, R9 ^ J£r.iSD, IOWA CITY, ' 
 
 iHBitju*:, BiHL .^aroiv, i^uiuy, sr. pifl, 
 
 ST. LOUS, CURO, &c., &c., 
 
 EITHKB VIA 
 
 Suspension Bridge, Buffalo, or Niagara Falls, 
 
 lase Shore ItaUroad, Euffalo and La^c Huron Kallroad, 
 or Crcat Western Railway (Canada). 
 
 THROIJGFI EXPRESS TRAFVCi 
 
 Leave Dep.t Of Hudson Eiver EaUroad, Chambers aiSta^n^^tr-eU, 
 New York, at 6 a.m., 12 m., aud 5 15 p.m. ' 
 
 PEOPLE3'S LI^" STEAMIIRS. 
 
 From foot Courtlandt Street, every evening, at 6 p.m. 
 PASSEN0EE3 for Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Indiao-mohr 
 
 enORE LAILROAD from Buffalo or Nia^^ara to Cleveland ; thence by 
 ho Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati liailroad, or the CnmnatT 
 
 207 Broadway, cor. Fulton Street. 
 
 NiiW YORK. 
 
 \ 
 
AUVEKTrSE.MEM'8 
 
 
 t 
 
 ^^ 
 
 WILLIAM ROGERS, 
 
 PROPUICTOie, 
 
 Corner of Bank and St. Clair Streets, 
 
 CLE VE Xi A2!VB, 
 
 ' OHIO. 
 
 Omnibusks run to and from tho Railroad Depots and 
 Steamboat Landings. 
 
 NE¥11ALL HOUSE 
 
 Corner of Main and Mic!ii;i;an Streets, 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WIS., 
 
 K I : A IST & H ICE, 
 
 Tins now nn 1 rlojjanl Hoifl ia now open for tho reception of 
 guests, wli-ro tho Trnvcling Public will Had good attoudanos 
 and every doBlniblj comfort. 
 
AUVKKTISKMENTS. 
 
 xilroad Depots and 
 
 MISSION HOUSE, 
 
 MACKINAC, WIS., 
 
 E. A. FRANKS, Proprietor. 
 
 T„,. old and favorite Hotel i« „,0Bt dcligbtfullrsituatcd on 
 
 the ron^antic Isx„.Nn or M.ck...c. witlun a short distance of 
 
 tlio water's edge, and ccntiguous to the Arched Rock, Su^ar 
 
 Lo.f, and other natural em-ionities in which this fa„,cd Isla^nd 
 
 abounds; being alike celebrated for its pu,.„ air. rcnantio 
 
 scenery, and fishing grounds. 
 
 im 
 
 (L\TK Ifurov.) 
 
 BY A. T. BIIlCIIAIin, 
 
 JLa^ 
 
 Thk island irOUSK ha. been recently furnished through- 
 out with Nc^ and Fashionable Furniture, and su,,p]ied with 
 every facility to make it a First-Class Hotel, and i. now open 
 for the Season, for the entertainment of Travelers. Pleasure 
 
 • '"* ^^^ "'^°'^. who "iesiro a comfortnl K« home 
 
 wh>lo seeking Pleasure or Ifclth in tho pure ntmoaplu,ro of 
 L.KK 8c.P.a,on, and the beautiful •ccnory of the surroundirur 
 country. " 
 
J. DISTURNELL, 
 
 PUBLISHER 
 
 AND 
 
 BEALEE IN 
 
 lltaps, (Surk-'|ooiif 
 
 STATISTICS WORKS, ETC. 
 
 No 333 BROADWAY. 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 TRADK LIST <5P ITIIPN, « ITS DK-BOOHM, K„. 
 
 TOWNSHIP MAP OP TIIF RTXTF or WW vnnc- i 
 
 COUNTY MAPS OF TllK STATK OF NI'W vavK p„„i=oi u 
 MAP OF IHE OITY OF NKW YOIIK AND VICINITY, 
 
 Prlco, 
 AND CANADA. 
 
 Small she. 
 
 pocket form, ."lO cents. 
 KAILUOAD MAP OP THE UNITED STATES 
 »» . n'*' P''<"'<<'t form. *1 ; mountPd. $2. 
 
 pL^nLi^/r' ^'V^^''^' ^'^^'^^'^ ^ND CANADA. 
 rncp, poi'ki't form, .''7 d'nis. 
 
 ■AnA*^''\r.'"'^ NOUTIIFliV AND EASTERN STATES, AND CA\. 
 
 m',nnf'..J /jk) ^°^'^ ^'^' MEXICO. Price, p^ket form, ♦! 25: 
 "i^^^^n^^it::^''' ^^''^''^'^ ^^^ '^"='^^'^^. ETC. Prl.., 
 ^j^^J^^^^^^^'l^^ll^^^r^ ^^". ^^"" ^"P o^-o 
 
 "lyjfJRATEI) irANI).IV..)K POH TRAVELWRg Tiri>ntr/V.. t,,,. 
 KOllln, t!lr. Hv .r. Cut" II ■(ill |, Pr en with (\il>\rn.l \;«r. *i 
 
 UA 
 
'URNELL, 
 
 LEK IN 
 
 . WORKS, ETC. 
 
 10 AD WAY. 
 
 YORK. 
 
 lOOKM, Kic. 
 
 ORK; "'.owln^all 
 
 •Ills. 
 
 UK. Kovlsed cdl. 
 
 ICINITY. Prlcn. 
 
 AND CANADA. 
 
 i.DA. Small sItp. 
 
 VTE3, AND CAN- 
 
 looket form, 2.5 ots. 
 ) >oket form, ♦! 25 ; 
 
 ^0, ETC. Prio!, 
 
 with Map of Ihp 
 
 0RT8, etc., wilb 
 
 AMERICA! Km 
 cti'., together Willi 
 > tU Mouth. AViih 
 
 t1 Emigrants. 
 runniTf!!! the 
 
 y htat<% UallroiKi 
 Afap. ♦! 
 ;ii<{ravo(i oil 8t»'fl. 
 
 ADA. Eiigrarrd 
 , TO evil Ij.