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Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut qua certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restau ration apparaissent dans le texte. mais, lorsque cela 6tait possib'e. ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppiimentaires: L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exempiaire qu'il lui a At* possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplry the A(;t, Trinity College, Queen's College, Victoria College, and Ilegiopolis College, were, as well as University College, affiliated to the University of Toronto, and they as much form i)art of the University of Toronto as University College, with the exception of sharin the endowment. This fact has been very nmch overlooked in the controversy, and it has been assumed that Univereity Col- lege i^j the only College of the University of Toronto, but the others equally form part of the institution. These Colleges have representatives in the Senate, and, if they choose, they can take advantage of the privileges of affiliation. Academi- cally, they form an integral part of the University : it is only linancially that they are excluded. But how should such an anonialy exist, that all the various Colleges should be put on the same level in relation to the University, and that one College, viz., University College, should monopo- lize all the funds? There is perfect consistency in the whole of the Act except on this one point. It exhibits all the elements of a great national scheme of higher education without reference to religious differences. The Act does not, academically, draw any invidious and sectarian distinction between the various Colleges., It does not recognise the superior rights of a non- religious College over a religious one. A College whose Cor- poration holds a negative creed in religion is not acknowledged as having any claim superior to that of a College whose Cor- poration holds a positive religious creed. Creeds are entirely itjnored, and regard is had only to the work done ; and the University is appointed to test that work, from whatever I quarter it may come. Tlio Act apflumcs that if tliere is a clanger in l)olief8, tlie belief in no religious doctrine may be quite as dangerous as a belief in some religious doctrine — that a godless College may be as much fraught with evil as a godly one. llence, as far as the (/olleges are related to llic Univer- sity, there is no sectarian jtartial dealing. ]hit it is I'ar other- wise with the provision in the Act for the suijport of the several Colleges alHliated to the University. Tlie ])reamble fullv and explicitly acknowledges the importance of having Colleges in various parts of Canada for the accommodation of the people who could not and would not send their sons to one College at Toronto ; and in the body of the Act, the various chartered Colleges are made part and })arcel of the University of Toronto, (piite as much as University College itself. Strange, that while all this is conceded, the iinancial provisions should be such as entirely to negative this grand, magnani- mous, and national scheme f*)r the University education of the country. How should the iinancial element clash so entirely with the academic, as totally to neutralize the good in the latter? Wliy rear a magniiicent fabric, and at the same time place a mine under it to destroy it as soon as it is erected ? The clause which has acted thus ruinously upon the whole academic structure is to the effect tliat one of the afiiliated Colleges, viz., University College, should have, in the first place, all its wants supplied, and that, if tliere should Le a surplus, it was to be applied to aid the cause of higher education in other institutions. It is easy to conceive how such a clause as this should operate. It (leveloi)ed enormously, not the teaching, but the spending power of the institution. The grand problem was, with a mere handful of students, to spend the enormous revenue without leaving a surplus. To accom- plish this it was necessary to resort to acts of extravagant and wasteful expenditure wliich have no parallel in older and richer countries. INTERPOLATION OF THE BILL OF 18D3. But how should such a iinancial clause slip into a Bill otherwise so excellent? It is well known that, in the first draft of the Bill, fixed sums were allotted to the other afiiliated Colleges as well as University College ; and this was absolutely necessary to complete the consistency of the Bill and fulfil its intention of rearing a great national institution. But at the last moment, through some unexplained infiuence, the ob- noxious clause was fliibstitutcd, and completely destroyed the national (thanieter of the nieasnre. The institntion was as sec- tarian as ever, the PC(^t hein;^; in tliiseiise creedlcss; and it was purely local, enibracint^ only the city ol'Tonnitoand nei<^hlH>r hood. The old battle re(piired to be rou<»;ht ov(M' a«jjain, and the Province must once more ent;a<^e in a strnijj^le to realize the national asi)irations after one <^reat University embracing the ^vhole higher education of Canada. CONSEQUENCES OP INTERPOLATION. If the revenue was merely wasted, there would be little to complain of, but it was wasted bo as to injure seriouHly the cause of education. The standard of education was lowered, and large money inducements were oifered to students to accept of this degraded standunl. The extent of this degrada- tion was so gi'cat that many in Canada still listen with incre- dulity wdien told of it. Let a man be accused of some small petty otfence, and all will believe ; but let him he bold enough, .•md commit something very startling, and few will be convinced. It was this bold policy that the University of Toronto adopted. PAPER DEGREES. To understand the boldness of the step, it is necessary to understand the real work of a College, as distinguisluid from a University. It is to put the students through a se\'ere course of academic training for three or four years at least, and then to hand them over to the Ur'versity to ascertain whether, during this training, they have ac(juired a suitable amount of knowledge. If, then, a student is certified to have studied the regular number of years, and if the University iind that he has improved his time, it confers upon ^lim a degree. A degree is sim])ly a ccr- titicate that a student has gone through the whole (nirricu- Imn, attended so many years, and attained a creditable amount of knowledge. To cuTy out the theory of one local University and College, instead of a national University and several Colleges, it was necessary in some w\ay to supply the whole of Canada with degrees, so that it would not be neces- sary to resort to the other aiRliated Colleges. And how was this attained ? I>y the device of what has been termed paver Jegrees. No attendance at any College is recpiired. The cmididiito Ii.'ib only to pass cxiiiiiiiiatioiiH, by no iuohim for- iiiidjilfU;, mid lie iH inuiHlornie«l into liacliclor or MusU'r of Arts. And m»t only iiro do/^rccs oflbrnd on tlicso t';isy terms, but liirgii money iiiductMnciits arc held out to those who will take Huch decrees. Tlu!se sums iiro termed SeliohirhliinR, jimouidin<^- to .ij'M) each. A younji; tniiii, thou^Ii never in his liib within tlio walls of a Colleue, may he transformed into u f;raduate on sueh easy terms, li' the eaiididate is a man some wiijJt advaneed in life, and j»rol)al»Iy .nifortumite in business, the road to u decree is pjirticulurly easy. lie has only one exiuninjilion to pass; and, in a few days, with little mental strain, the un6U(;eessfuI clerk or Btorekeei)or is di^nilied with the name of (iraduate, and applies for a (irannnar School or a Trofesbor's chair. Some of tlio corrui)t Universities of Europe have been aceused of selling their degrees to men without uny academic training, but it was reserved for the ingenuity of ai new country to i>ay candidates for taking Buch degrees. Minety of these scholarships, afterwards reduced to sixty-one, were offered annually to candidates, who, notwithstanding the tempting inducements, sometimes did not como forward in Butliciout numbers to take up the whole. OPTIONS. It may bo thouglit that no examiners would pass a can- didate wlio was not respectably well informed in the sub- jects of examiiuition, and that a man, though not trained at College, may creditably wear the title of gniduato. Tlic scruples of Ji.xaminers arc met by what is called the system ol Options. Subjects are prescribed to suit the taste t)f the candi date. If he shows a dislike to the severer subjects of academic training, such as the dilferential and integral calculus, he is allowed to select more congein'al subjects. His taste may be more in the ^vay of light literature, and therefore Shakespeare and other attractive books are pre8cril)cd to him ; and a ]>roliciency in tliese is allowed to compensate for a defect in the more academic branches. The candidate can thus turn his misfortunes to account. It may have been a taste for tlie theatre or light literature that caused him the loss of his situation and drove him to the necessity of seeking a degree. But he now finds that his past gay life can be made conduciyc to hij futiu'c success. nEOKADEI) HTANDAUI) TUB UEHULT OF MONOPOLY. All tliirt reudft irioro Mko a rotnuiuH) tliim n reality; but rcaiirv ; nut y of Toronto one liaH only to pcniKC t.lio Statutes (»t* tlio lliiivorsity of Toronto to ho convinced of tli(5 reality, lint tlio point ol' iinpurtimce Ib to remark that all thin resulted from the iiecehHity of endea- voring tonhow that a nmall local UnivcrHity and (Jt)llego eoidd ahworl) all the fimdb and bctvc the piirpobo of a great uational inBtitutioii. UNIVEUSITY COLLEGE HUFFEKB BTANDAHD. FllOM DEGRADED It must, however, he carefully noted that all we have Raid ap})lie8 only to the IJniverBitv of Toronto, not to UniverHlty (3oIlef;e. TluK College haw, as a College, no more to do witli it than any of the other affiliated Colleges. ITniverBity College is not to he blamed for this degradation of learning. It has aft ntucli reason to complain of this as any of the other Col- leges. Nay, it has mnch more reason ; for while the other Colleges can insist npon a severely academic course of education, University College is bound to conform to the desultory and unsatisfactory course permitted and encouraged by the Univer- sity of Toronto, from the very necessity of maintaining a monopoly. The question at issue has notliing to do with the efficiency of the teaching of the Professors of University Col- lege. It has always been assumed in this controversy that the Professors are as efficient as Jiny in Canada, and that the very small number of students who avail themselves of the regular academic curricidum would do credit to any University. It eould liardiy be otherwise ; for with the acute Canadian in- tellect and the teaching of such accomplished Professors, the most satisfactory results might be expected. No College has more reason to be desirous of emancipation from the thraldom of the present University system which paralyzes all its efforts to raise the education ot Canada, and to do work commensu- rate with the endowment which it enjoys. Tested by the academic work don 3, University College is perhaDs the smal- lest of the affiliated Colleges. There is only one faculty, viz : the Faculty of Arts ; and the average number of graduates yearly who have passed through a regular course of education is only 6^. It is the yearly number ot graduates that measures the real work of a College. Colleges are not established for the purpose of attracting a crowd of idle listeners to popular and (Icfliiltory loci iirofl ; their function ia to carry tlio ntmlont oil, from year to year, tlirou^li ii ^nuluiitt'*! course of Kcvoro acadouiic study, bo tliat wheu h\A courw' Ih comploto he iiuiy recoivo a dc'^rec Now, th(^ avenip;e j)roduct lias been only (»i in the year, art aj)i)eur8 from the (vOMnnisHittnerrt' Report; and oven thiw iH too favonihhi a view, for the report merely states that thoHO r>^ atteiKUnl UniverHlty (/oMege ; it does nut aHBcrt that they went through the regnhir eiirrieuhim of four vearB. The number who oceaHionally attend without cxannnation in conHiderable; but it \n not at all e(puil to the attendance at occasional cou..^eH in other (Jolleges. According to the (yaiendar of (i^ueen'B Oollege for 1801-2, 050 attended an occasional courHO ; but it would bo ab- surd to measure the work of the College by this numbll('go is measured by her 80 graduates who i)aHHed in that year. Now, this insignificancy of University College as an academic institution is not all due to any inefliciency of the teaching staff; it re- Bults solely from the University system, which has cramped all its efforts to be useful. It cannot lie, then, a matter of surprise that University College has now joined the movemont for reform. PLAN OF REFORM PROPOSJ D BY UNIVLR8ITY OP TORONTO. The scheme of University Reform which the commissi one 1*8 have recommended is substantially that of the Senate of Toronto, but it has also received tne ft])proval of University College, through her distinguished President, Dr. McCaul. The commissioners, in order to ascertain the views of the University, put certain questions io the Senate. A com- mittee of Senate was appointed to draw up answers, "which were returned after long and anxious deliberation. The answers were submitted to the Senate itb f, and they were approved unanimously by an unusually .arge meet- ing. The scheme, embodied in the answers, is the one now before the country, and it is that of the University of Toronto itself. But this is not all : the same queries were put to Dr. McCaul, as the head of University College, and his answer, also given in the report, is an unqualified approval of the scheme of the University, Avhich is now before the country as substantially the one recommended by the Commissioners. 10 PRAISEWORTHY ACTION OP THE PROFESSORS OF UNIVER- SITY COLLEGE. The iTiafrnaniinoii8 conduct of tlic ProfessorB ^.f (Tiiiversity College will form one of the l)i'i«i:litest \m<^Qs of Cjinadian his- tory. AVith disinterested zeal for the cause of higher educa- tion, they came manfully forward and demanded a refonn, though reform would nc(;essarily destroy the monopoly which was maintained for their peculiar benelit. They nnist have been fully conscious of the stonn that would Inu'st upon tliem from the abettors of the monoi)oly. They kiuiw that the })re88 of Toronto and the denominations interested in maintaining the monopoly, Avould assail the measure with the bitterest hos- tility, and would give tliem no credit for their magnanimous con- duct. But with heroic fortitude they took their stand, resolved to be true to their country and the cause of education, whateve* might be the consequences. It was owir.g to the concurrence of the Professors of University College that the scheme was adopted with perfect unanimity by the Senate of the University. Men who have deliberately taken their stand in this way are not likely to quail before assailants who are interested in main- taining a corrupt system which so long repressed the generous aspirations of a young country. Although the adoption of the scheme '^ chieHy due to the concurrence of University College, still ii xs but right to signalise a similar magnanimity on tiie part of the representatives of denominations supposed to be chiefly interested in maintaining the monopoly. !No men were less likely to betray the principles they represented, and yet they hesitate not to give the most cordial acquiescence to the scheme of reform adopted unanimously by the University. CANADIAN ELEMENT IN THE SENATE. But there was still another element in the Senate of the University to which indeed the reform may ultimately be traced, viz., the Canadian element. Young men educated at University College have found their way into the Senate and carried with them a patriotic ardor for the iii^titutions of their country. They love their College, but they Jove the honor of their country more. They were the representatives of the feeling everywhere rising in Canada, to have one great national University, instead of several small ones striving with one another to lower instead of elevate the standard of educatio.*. Tlie generous and patriotic sentiments of whi(th they were the 11 exponents will doulitlcRS gain Booner or later a complete triumph for TTnivenuty reform. This Bketch of tlic movement showR that it 16 a spontaneous reform from within. It is not a mea- sure fctrced from without l)y newspaper warfare or sectarian strife. It comes from the two bodies — tJie University of To- ronto and University fiullege — which are most interested in maintaining- the monopoly, Init wliich now declare that, con- sistently with the interests of education and the honor of the country, the system can be nuiintaiued no longer. PLAN OP AFFILIATION. The essential clement of the plan proposed by the University of Toronto is that there should be one great national University instcfid of the present Universities. There are at present four Universities, two of them with Provincial Charters, viz., the University of Toronto and the University of Victoria College, and two with Royal Charter;^, viz., the University of Trinity College and Queen's University. There are also four Col- leges connected with these Universities — University College, with a staff of Professors in only one Faculty, viz., Arts ; Trinity College, with the Faculties of Arts and Theology ; Victoria, with the Faculties of Arts and Medicine; and Queen's College, with the Faculties of Arts, Law, Medi- cine, and Theolo"jy. It is proposed by the University of Toronto, tliat while the various Colleges remain as at present, there should be one national University, called the University of Upper Canada. The argunrints whicli the University of Toronto urges in tavor of this plan are, the adoj^tion of an uniform or equal course of instruction, the fixing of the value of degrees, the promotion of emulation amongst the affiliated Colleges, and the testing of tlie merits of the different modes of instruction. At present, a Canadian degree has no definite meaning or value, and University College, as well as the other aifiliated Colleges, have great reason to complain that the University of Toronto puts the A.13. who never was within the wails of University College on the same level with the stu- dent who has attended it for four years. The other Col- leges with University powers, or rather the students of these Colleges, would not take a degree from Toronto University when that degree might be confounded with the degrees of men who never had any acad?mic education. University Col- lege was compelled to seek degrees from the University of Toronto, as she has not University powers like Queen's, Vic- [:t fii 12 toria, and Trinity Colleges, and her graduates suffer wrong by having their genuine degrees confounded with the paper de- grees of non-academic men. The other Colleges, though equally affiliated to the University, were not, like University College, imder the necessity of subjecting their students to such unfair treatment. These Colleges give only genuine degrees — that is, degrees certifying actual academic training. Tlie pro- posal of the Senate is to make a reality what is only a name at present. There is no real practical affiliation, though the Act of 1853 affiliates all the above-mentioned Colleges. The object now aimed at is simply an amendment on trie present Act, with the view of making the affiliation real. MODE OF EXAMINING COLLEGES BY THE UNIVERSITY. A University, as distinguished from a College, is a Board that prescribes a course of instruction, examines the students, and sees generally that the public funds are properly applied- At present the Colleges have Universities of their own, and when they examine their Colleges it is the same as if a candidate for a school were to examine himself and then to report to the School Board. No doubt the examination and report in such a case may be conscientious enough, but it is not a sufficient guarantee to the public, and there is great danger of uncon- scious bias. It is but right that all the Colleges having public Boards should be put under a general Board of Examination, and this Board is nothing more than the proposed University. Its function is to see that all the Colleges do their duty and turn to proper account the public funds which they enjoy, and this chiefly by examinations and controlling the curriculum. The Senate recommend simultaneous examinations, and indeed no other examinations would serve the purpose. These exami- nations would be conducted as in the University of London. The examination papers are sent sealed to the various Colleges, and pn officer employed by the University, not by the College, places before the candidates tiie questions to which answers are to be given. These answers are forwarded to the examin- ers, who decide on the merits of the candidates. The same questions are submitted at the same time to all the candidates at the various Colleges., Tliis plan is found to work well in England, and there is no reason why it should not work as well in tliis country. The scheme would be impracticable were all the candidates obliged to resort to one centre, but this would be a very qIuihsj expedient when a single sworn officer of the 13 University can accomplish the object much more Batiet'actorily by Bubmitting the examination papers at each College seat. COMPOSITION OF THE SENATE. The University of Toronto also recommend that the Senate should consist of a fixed number of members. They propose that each College should send two members, and that one-third of the whole number should be appointed by government. This plan woidd remove the graiul delect of the present plan. At present the number is unlimited, and at the will of the Governor in Council any party may bo swamped by the appointment of new members. All the evils of the present system have arisen from the appointment at first of a vast preponderance of mem- bers who were naturally disposed to make the institution rather local than national. It speaks volumes for the liberality and f)atrioti5m of the present members that, notwithstanding their ocal bias, they have assented to a scheme which shall puu the University on a national, not a local or sectional, basis. ENDOWMENT OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. The University stipulates, that in carr^^ng out its plan, whatever arrangement it might make as to the aiding of the other affiliated Colleges, University College should have a first claim to a fixed endowment, aim^ly sufficient to its support in its present state of efficiency. This was cordially agreed to by every member of the Senate. So far from seeking to impair the efficiency, the great object is to increase it ; for if any one College sinks beneath the level of the others, its tendency will be to bring the others to the same level ; and the more tlie efficiency of any one College is increased, the greater will be the stimulus to the other to keep up with it. At present the rivalry is all tlie other way. The Commissioners have, in the most liberal spirit, proposed that University College should receive the fixed suui of £7,000 yearly, which is about £1,000 or £2,000, including rent, for each student "v;'ho passes through a regular course of study in Arts, this being the only Faculty in the College. In addition to this, the Pro- fessors will bo at liberty to charge fees from their regular students, wOiich they have not hitherto done. The competition between Colleges would be much more healthful and honor- able if the inducement to attend was something more than 14 cheapness. The other affiliated Colleges receive, on an average, £10 from each student, and with this tax the number of students who pass through a regular course of study is much greater than in University College, showing that the people of Canada are ready to pay for the education of their sons ; and this, be it remembered, when they had to compete not only with a Col- lege charging no fees, but with a University scattering broad- cast over the country money inducements of £30 each to ])ar- ties who chose to take degrees without attending College at all. Class fees are only a fair source of income to the Professors, who are by no means overpaid. The money that has been wasted has not gone to enrich the Professors, but to uphold a monopoly for local and sectarian purposes. The essential elements of the reform proposed by the Uni- versity of Toronto is one national University, embracing the chartered Colleges, a common curriculum, and a common examiiiation. . . THE PLAN PROPOSED BY THE UNIVERSITY APPROVED BY THE COLLEGES. The plan proposed by the University is acquiesced in by the various chartered Colleges. The heads of Trinity, Queen's, Victoria, and Regiopolis Colleges, were appealed to for their opinion, and they have cordially united in adopting the great features of the scheme — a common University feoard, an equal curriculum, and a common examination. All the representatives of the higher education in Canada are now united in a plan for the construction of a national system of University education. It is rarely that in such questions such an amount of unanimity can be secured; and it ever the fondly cherished hopes of Canada are to be realized, it is now. ' , ; OPPOSING PARTIES. But let us now estimate the opposing forces in this struggle for University reform. We have the chief religious bodies of the country arrayed on the side of reform — the Church of England, the Church of Scotland, the Wesleyan Church, and the Roman Catholic Church, and these bodies include the vast majority of the people of the country. On the other side we have the city of Toronto and the denominations who use University College as a Preparatory College, and are 15 thus saved the ejqpense of maintaining a College for the education of their ministers. As to the city ot Toronto, it is hardly to be expected that the people should as a whole have outgrown the tendency to subordinate national to merely municipal interests. In a new country the patriotic and national feeling is of slow growth, and men will more readily combine for their town or village than for their country. Though the national feeling in regard to University reform has gained much strength among the more intelligent citizens, yet the masses are governed by purely nmnicipal in- stincts, and the masses will always command the services of the newspaper press. The press of Toronto has therefore en- gaged all its talent in opposing this national reform. As to tiie denominations that chiefly use University College as a training school for their ministers, and are tims saved the expense of maintaining Colleges of their own, we do not grudge them this virtual endowment, but think it some- what unfair that those who by their own voluntary efforts have raised Colleges for themselves, shoidd be impeded in their efforts to unite these Colleges into one great national system. Voluntary effort constitutes the genius of this country's activity, and as soon as the people rely wholly on State support for higher education, progress is immediately arrested. Though it is questionable, therefore, whether the above denominations were wise in relying wholly upon State endowment for the preliminary education of their ministers, still we do not grudge them the benefit of it. ONLY SECULAR EDUCATION AIDED IN AFFILIATED COL- LEGES. It is no argument to say that the theological schools of the above bodies do not receive any benefit from the Univereity fund, but neither is it proposed that in the affiliated Colleges the Theological Faculty should receive any aid — the aid being entirely restricted to the secular Faculties and secular educa- tion. It may be further argued that the theological schools of the above denominations are quite separate from University College, but the principle would not be affected though these schools met in the buildings of University College. There could be no objection, in theory, to this, especially if a small rent were paid. The arrangement would have great practical advantages to the students, and the presence of such men as the heads of these theological s(;hools would exercise a salutary il ;l * f T < \ 16 influence on the whole institution. Though meeting under the same roof for convenience, tlie different bodies would be sup- ported from different sources — Universi / College from the University fund, and the theological schools from the resources of the respective denominations. Tliis is precisely the case of the affiliated Colleges. Though their Theological Faculties meet in the same building, they would derive no aid from pub- lic sources, but be entirely supported by Church funds. DENOMINATIONAL COLLEGES OPEN TO ALL. It may be said in defence of the opposition that other de- nominations are quite as welcome as they to send their students to the University College ; but this is precisely the position of the denominational Colleges. The denominational Colleges open their doors to students of all other denominations, without imposing any peculiar views in religion. But it may be re- torted that only students of the particular denomination will attend. This is by no means the case. If the sectarian charac- ter of a College be tested by the students in attendance, University College is more sectarian than some of the other affiliated Colleges. Regarding University College as specially for the benefit of the Presbyterians not connected with the Church of Scotland and Congregationalists, it is much more sectarian than Queen's College, which is in connection with the Church of Scotland. The number of students at Queen's Col- lege belonging to the Church of Scotland is only about one- fourth of the whole number, whereas the proportion of the two above denominations attending University College, as shown by the evidence given a few years ago before a Committee of the Legislative Assembly, is very much greater. The Presby- terians alone form one-half of the whole number. Tested, then, by the standard of numbers, University College is much more for the benefit of the favored denominations than the other Colleges are for the denominations who support them. Much of the prejudice against denominational Colleges has arisen from the idea that they are merely for the students of the particular denominations with which they are in connection. But nothing can be more fallaciou . The numerous Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, and Trinity College, Dublin, are denominational Colleges, but dissenters equally with Churchmen send their sons, and are equally well received. It is so in Canada. Students from all religious bodies are sent to the denomina- tional Colleges. The peculiarities of the religious creed are 17 never imposed on the students. The great advantage to the gtudents of a denominational College is that it secures a high moral tone and salutary discipline, which nnist ever he based on religious principle. Eoman Catholic students, for example, attend Protes'ant denominational Colleges in Canada much more readily than University (Jollcgo. Their parents know that while their religious peculiarities will not be interfered with, they will have a guarantee for the maintenance of a high tone of dhristian morality. PROFESSORS FROM ALL DENOMINATIONS. Another misconce])tion in regard to denominational Col- leges is, that the Professors must be all of one denomination. This is as unfounded as the misconception in regard to the students. Take, as an ex&mple, Queen's College. There are in all seventeen Professors and Lecturers, and of these only seven belong to the Church of Scotland : the remaining number belong to the Church of England and other religious bodies. The de- nominational element consists simply in the fact that the com- pany or corporation who maintain the College belong to one denomination. This academic company ofier secular education to the country, and agree to pay the larger part of the expense themselves. Another company comes forward and offers secidar education, too, of by no means a superior description, but refuses to pay a farthing of the expenses. Now, which off'^r should the country accept ? Is it not bound to accept the cheapest if the education be of equal quality ? Should it not be the policy of the Government to be at no expense if the work can be better done without them ? But what has been actually r'one ? The dearest offer has b.een accepted, and on what ground 'i Not at all on the ground of quality, but simply on religious grounds. And what is worse, it is not the company with most religion that is selected, but the company with none at all. Is not this non- religious sectarianism the worst of all sectarianism ? Suppose the Government wanted tenders for printing instead of teach- ing ; would it be tolerated for a moment that the dearest offer for printing should be selected, simply because the company or individual printer had no religious creed, and that the other offerers should be rejected on the ground that they had the mis- fortune to believe in a God, or in some fc>rm of Christianity ? Now, the denominational Colleges do not take the ground that they alone ought to receive support from Government. They hold that the necessities of Canada demand that there should be no cxoliisivoness, and tli(3 non-roliglona Cyollcnjo Rlionld be put on a par with the ivli<;ions. The priiicipl(3 to whifli they demur is, that the non-relii;ious company Hhouhl be the only favored one, and that, under cover ol' th(; n()n-relille«>je, one or two religious 08e much better, and they do not choose to^ive them up. 8u]»po8e a number of socialists in Toronto claim municipal funds from the city to build and support a great institution to which any person might be admitted, they might ])le.ad, as an argument, that it was ])erfactly catholic in its principles ; that no ques- tions were asked as to the morals or religion of the candidates for admission ; and that therefore it was of a public and na- tional character, and entitled to public support. Would it not be a fair answer from the inhabitants v»Jio were not socialists, that they had houses of their own for which they were willing to pay, and that it was no argument to say that the social institution was open to them, as they had some scruples about its principles, which made them prefer their own homes ? Or we may suppose that the city of loronto claims support for one great theatre to be built there ; it might be argued tliat the theatre would exercise a most important educational influence on the nation, and elevate its character, and that it would be open to the whole Province, as well as the people of Toronto. It would be very natural for the people of other parts of the Province to resist this, on the gronnd that it would be incon- venient to attend from the remotest points one theatre at To- ronto, and that if there must be theatres at the public expense, they ought to be at different centres most convenient for the people. Others, again, might object, that they had some scru- ples as to the educational character of the theatre, and that, as they could not conscientiously derive any benelit from it, it was no argument to say that if they chose to go to it they were quite welcome. The College question does not differ essentially from that of the theatre. It would be preposterous to say that one College at Toronto shoidd serve the whole Province, even 10 thoup:b that Collef];o wtw uuobic('tioiial)lo in its constitution to the wliole ])eopk\ i^nt tliongli tlio conrttiiution of Univereity Collep;o were much belter tliiui it is, no peoplo could ho pot to unite in acccptin*^ it as tlio ono Collcji;^ ol' tlio country. Tlu«. voluntary action of the pi5o[»lu will ever cleniand diversity, and the more that the hij^her as well ai^ the lower education in thi^ country Ik left lo the people, llie better. The huccesw of the conimon Kchool system is due very uuich lo the s[»ontaueourt action of the peo])le. The, - contribute, in the various districts, of their own fret; will, without government compulbion ; and why should not the higher education be left to the ])eople, too? Let the people unite, in whatever way they choose, as in the case of tlie connuoii schools — cither as a religious or municipal community. The i)ei>ple of this count., have found that the most convenient bond of union f >r higher education is the denominational. That is, indiv luiUs belonging to ono denomination cond)ino to provide education for the people generally, and not merely for those of their own persuasion. They have advanced the larger pr<)])ortion of their funds them- selves, and luive asked, as in the case of the common schools, grants in aid from government. Were the University fund applied in this way, merely to aid the voluntary action of the people in whatever capacity they might choose to act, it would iiave produced results incalculably greater. GOVERNMENT SHOULD ONLY AID EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- TIONS. Education is no exception to the rule that Government should as little as possible engage in trade and manufacture. If they do, the work will be done imperfectly and at far greater cost than if left to the people, and only such aid given as might be necessary to stimulate activity. The University of Toronto has been a sigiud failure, and little good has been done at such enormous cost, simply because Government undertook a Avork which the people could do far better them- selves. England has now made this important discovery in India. She there supported religionless Colleges at her own expense and through her own agency, and as a necessary con- sequence little good was done at vast expense. But in recently- remodelling the system and establisliing Universities at the Presidencies, she has adopted the system of aiding such ])odies as choose voluntarily to enter the iield. There is no religious cxclusiveness. What is demanded is a certain ajnount of secu- 20 lar eclu«ation, and no qucfitions are asked as to the creed of the company or individual who unpplics it. In this scheme Chris- tian, Miihonietan, and Hindoo Colleges receive aid for the secular instruction they inii)art, and the consequence is tlmt oidy a small fraction ot the expense is rccpiired to produce the same results. The same plan is adopted in the United States. The (irovernment assist the Colleges irrespective of tlie denomi- nation to which they helong. Tlie Colleges arc looked npon as engaging to do some work the State recpiircs, and no ques- tion is asked as to the creed of the party engaging to do the work. It is deemed to be an advantage that the corporation should belong to some religions denomination, as in tnat ease greater unity of action is gained and the liberality of the people more effectually bronght out. ENDOWMENT BY THE STATE ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS NOT DESIRABLE. It would be a calamity to Canada were she to endow the religious denominations as sucli, for endowments to be safe in this country must come from within the Church, and not from the State. But a calamity iniinitely greater than religious endowments wonld be to endow any body on the ground of its non-religious character ; and this is done by selecting one Col- lege, and, on the ground of its having no creed as a corpora- tion, bestowing tne whole University endowment upon it. This is religious cxclusiveness in its worst form. REFORM REQUIRED ON ACADEMIC AS WELL AS FINANCIAL GROUNDS. It has been argued that the University fund is barely suffi- cient to support the one religionless College in efficiency, and that, therefore, no end can be served by legislation. ]^ut the matter has an academic aspect apjirt altogether from its finan- cial ; and as a purely acaclemic matter, reform is imperatively required. The influence of the University of Toronto, as at present constituted, is to lower the standard and retard the progress of higher education, and this from the very neces- sity of a monopoly. Its ample revenues are employed so as to discourage regular courses at College. Many are kept, back from attendingCoUege simply because they can get from the University of Toronto what they want on far easier terms. Very many situations can be held only by graduates, and the grand object of ambition is to obtain a degree ; but in most cases the object is to get the degree on the easiest terms. If a 21 man can have a degree -witlumt attending College, and more especially if he he handHoniely paid for acce[>ting a degree, there in little inducement to Bpeiid several yiiars at a College, in order to mialily I'or a degree. All the atliliated Collegert with Univernity povverw insist on a course of attendance and education l)efore conferring a degree; hut the University of Toronto, so far from dennniding any attendance, puts a sum into a man's hand for non-attendaiuu'. The munificent ITniversity endowment is thus employed, not to advance, hut to discourage academic education. If the higher education exists in Camida, it is not in consequence of, hut in o{)j)08ition to, the present [Jniversity system. It is kept alive hy those hodies that re({uire a regular academic education hefore the candidate can he admitted as a mcnd)er. Apart altogether, then, from the financial aspect of the (piestion, a reform in the academic element is imperatively demanded ; and, ahove all, is a change in the constitution ot the Senate necessary. The fc5enate is ever apt to hecome the aremi of political strife, and this is perpetuated by the facility with which the nundicrs can be multiplied on any emergenc^y. There is no limit to the number, and a party in the Senate can carry any measure if they but suc- ceed in getting a sufficient mindier of new members appointed. The plan of reform recommended by the Semite was unan- imously approved at one of the largest meetings ever held. There were twenty-one members present ; only on one other occasion was there a larger meeting. The unanimous approval was given, too, after each clause of the report of a Committee on the plan was fully discussed ; yet it is not impossible that the decision of the Senate may be reversed by a batch of new members. Notice of a motion to that eftect has been given, and simultaneously a large number of members have been ap- pointed. New names are being still announced. The number of Senators has now risen to torty-four, and of these twenty- eight reside in Toronto. Each party in favor gets new mem- bers, to keep a proper balance, till at last the body becomes altogether unwieldy, and lapses into a debating society, instead of a calm deliberative academic body. Should the decision of the Senate, on University reform, be reversed, it will only fur- nish another argument for reform. It will demonstrate that the present constitution of the Senate is totally incompatible with the functions of an academic court. Limitation of the number of Senators is essential to University reform, and this consti- tutes the basis of the plan reconiniended by the Senate and the affiliated Colleges. AJTENDIX. SrGOKSTIONS OF TIIK COMMlSSIONKFiSFUSEI) OS TIIK ANSWKHSOF THE UiNIVKRSlTY OF TORONTO AND TIIK AFFILIATED COLLEOES. That llic Sciialc he rcconHlitiilcd, and consist, for llu! future of a fixed nuniluM, viz. : 1h(. Tlic heads of ulliliatcd (.'olh'ges. Snd. One niembor from each afliliat(;d Colleji^c, elceled by Iho Corporation thereof; and ;!rd. The renuiiiiiug one-tliird aj)|>oinletl by (toverninenf. 2. Tliat the elected juenibers continue in oHicc live years and be eligible for re-election. 3. Tliat an annual meeting be luld in rotation at thescatsof the various Colleges, and that the other meeting.s be held at any pla o deemed most convenient by the Senate. 4. That tlio Senate have control of the BurHar's Office. 5. That the ollices of Chancellor and Vice-Chanccllor l)c continued, the former to be appointed by Covernment, the Vice-Chancellor, as at present, to be elected by the Senate. 6. That no scholarships be founded by the Senate, but that a sum not exceeding $1000 be anniuilly aj)proi)riated for com^ietitiou at general examination of all atliliated College students, the successful competitors being distinguished as " honor men." 7. That the name be changed to the University of Upper Canada, and University College to King's College, Toronto. 8. That the Library and Museums be regarded as belonging to King's College, Toronto. 9. That the Senate make annual returns to Government. 10. The Senate sliall have power to establish a common curriculum of study for all athliatcd Colleges. 11. That the Senate shall ai)point examiners, and j)rovide for payment of same. 13. That the Senate have power to provide for the actual expenses of the members thereof, while attending its sessions. , / 23 1. Tliui tho aHHiiitJul ('(»1I('h;ph bo tlu! ('hiiitcn'tl Collcf^cs wliicll coiur within tile n>(|iiirciiK-iits nt' ilic Act, |ir()vi An examination by Examiners appointed or approved by the Uni- versity Board. The advantages of affiliation are ihe following : (1) A degree will have the same meaning in each of the affiliated Uni- versities. At present, a degree in one University means merely that the graduate has passed a University examination ; wlnle in the others, its proper character is preserved, that of certifying tliat he has gone through a regular course of instruction and attcudujice at an affiliated College. A certilicate of kno\vle(.lge is a very ditVcrent thing from a certificate not only of knowledge, but of academic training, and it is desirable that it should not receive the same name. Certiileates of having passed an ex- amination may l>e useful, but it 's not d(!siraljle that they should be called degress. The competitive examinaticms in England for the i;iii)lic services are, in general, more severe than those requisite for a degree in the Uni- versities ; but it would be a misapplication of the term to call certilicutes of having passed such examinationa, ihyrccK. The chief object of a col- legiate education is not so nuu-h to im])art learning as to mould the char- acter of the student, and train him to such habits of thought and action as may tit him ibr any sphere in lill. The formation of character, not the storing up of knowledge, is the grand aim of a collegiate course. To attain this end, no higli degree of scholarship is required. The pass ex- aminations of the great Universities of Europe by no means imply that the graduates are scholars in the proper sense of the term. When high scholarship is required for any situation, a degree ♦rom the most distin- guished University would, as a certilicate, ])e of little value. A degree is never taken as a substitute for the competitive examinations for the public service in England. A degree of Oxford or Cambridge would not be held as qualifying for one of the parish or common scliools of England and Scotland. Tlie Connnittee of Council on Education demands in all cases an independent examination in the ease of aid-receiving teachers. The degrees of the London University, now, only certify knowledge, not collegiate training, and a higher standard is exacted than at Oxford or Cambridge, but the degrees of the latter are incomparably more valued. The mere jjossession of knowledge is no proof of a well balanced and disci- plined mind. The mode of acquiring the knowledge may have even ex- ercised an injurious influence on the character. An academic education, as a rule, secures a type of character, for the want of which no amount ol knowledge can compensate. It is of importance, then, that in Canada the same name should not designate certificates so totally diflerent. What is wanted in Canada, is not so much a high standard of attainnient as a high standard of education. The Colleges of Canada, at present, require for a degree Jin examination quite as strict as that required by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland. The real want is the proper equipment of collegiate institutions. (2) Affiliation secures an equal standard of education and examination in the various Colleges. Even though the length of attendance be the same in different Colleges, the course of instruction may be so different that the value of one degree may differ very much from that of any other. While one College aims at a severely academic standard, another, by ex- acting only desultory and popular courses of study, may lower the standard to the level of a mechanics' institute. It is desirable that the individu- ality of Colleges should not be destroyed by exacting a mechanical uni- formity, but a real academic education should be insisted on, though a diversity as to the means should be allowed. Affiliation would secure this object. (3) Affiliation would prevent an undue multiplication of Colleges. Tlie existing Colleges are, perhaps, hardly adequate to the growing population 2T and the vast territory of Caniulii, but ii too <^roat numl)er would Ijc as in- jurious as an inarlequate nuntlx-r. At present, llu?re is no rocopfnized limit, but a system of affiliation, by rcquirinj:; an adeqiiale staff of Professors, and a l)i{?U standard of education, would present an effectual barrier to the system of numerous small Collc;i,es, wliicii has prevailed in the United States to the serious injury of learning. (4) Aftiliation would i)revent any one party or denomination nccpiirinj^ an undue ascendency in the higher education of the country. The exist- ing Colleges fairly represent nearly llus whole ])opulation of Canada, Avhile they are open to all denominations. Practically, 'i'j-inity College is for the Church of England, Kegiopolis College for llu; Roman Catholics, Victoria College; for the Methodists, Queen's College for the; Church of rtcotlanel, anel University ('olle'ge for tin; i'resbyterians and Inelependents. A University Board in which these parties arecepially rej)resented, Avoulel effectually prevent any monopolizing the education e>f the e;ountry. At present, Ciovernment, Avith no barrier betwee;n them and the inlluencc of party or elenominational feelings, are apt te) yielel to pressure on [any emergency, and to give undue advantage to the elominant hody, Qt'EUY II. — Do you consuler the jjresent system of atliliation to the University of Te)ronto unsatisfactory, anel if so, state the reasoi' .' Answkk. — I consieler the present system of affiliation unsatisfactory, for the following reasons : (1) None of the afllliatcel Colleges, e.vccpt University College, has been induced to take ael vantage e)f the privilege conferred on them by the Statute. (2) The radical defect lies in the constitution of the Senate or general University Boarel, The number of Senators is not lixed, and there is no provision for an equal representation of affiliated Colleges. The Governor may appoint any number on any emergency. An unelue proportion of the representatives of one of the affiliated Colleges, viz., University ColU'ge, was appointeel, and the University e)f Te)ronto virtually became identical with University College. There was no inelucement to afford facilities to the representative's of other Colleges to attenel. Meet- ings were held so frequently that it was impossible for members from distant parts of the Pre)vinee to attend with regularity. No provision was made for the expenses of distant members, anel the meetings were never held at the other affiliateel Colleges, to afford facilities for attend- ance. It is l;ut right to acknowledge that the national call tor one great University with real affiliation has now received an unanimous response from the Senate, and that a most grati frying spirit of fairness has been manifested in aifording taeilities to elistant representative's to atteMid the meetings. All this ineiieates a tixeel resolution on the part of the country to remove all barriers to actual affiliation and the organization of a University we)rthy of Canada. (3) Tlie failure of the present system of affiliation is elue very much to the circumstance that it is based simjily on a common examination. No course of attendance at College is reeiuiretl for a degree. The tendency of such a system is to injure seriously the affiliated Colleges. A collegiat^ training is held to be of no value, apart from its enabling the student to pass an examination. if 98 The injurious system of cramming is put on a level with the healthful discipline unci development of a collegiate course. This great defect in the working of the present system of affiliation is founded on a miscon- ceptioji of the Statute, which gives no power to confer degrees except on those who have passed through a prescribed course of instruction m an affiliated College. No student of an affiliated College with University powers would think of seeking a degree at the University of Tonmto, when such a degree, from its very nature, could not rank with one from the former. Affiliation became unmeaning when degrees could be obtained with out attendance at an affiliated College. (4) The present system of affilialion is unsatisfactory, inasmuch as in- stitutions without the means of giving a collegiate course of education have been affiliated, and thus an opening has been made for the multiplication of small Colleges, with no real title to the name. Schools for boys and girls have been added to the list, on the ground that, however imperfect tlitir equipment may be, it is of no consequence, as the Univesity exam- inaiion will be a sufficient test of their efficiency. But if mere examina- tion is a sufficient test, why affiliate at all ? Every school in the Pro- vince might, on this ground, be affiliated. Affiliation in its very nature implies that the affiliated institution possesses the means, not merely of preparing for an examination, but of giving a sound education. Under the Statute of 1853, the Governor of the Province affiliates, that is, officially declares, that an educational institution has the means of giving a sound education ; and the University, before conferring a degree, ascertains whether the candidate has gone through a i)rescribed course of instruction at an affiliated College, and has acquired a satisfactory amount of knowledge. The Statute has been so misconstnied, that affiliation amounts to nothing, and examination is the only test. It was the interest of the affiliated Colleges generally to remedy this misconstruction, but from the constitution of the Senate, it Avas impossible to effect a change. Query III. — What system of affiliation do you consider the most satis- factory, with special reference to the following points: (1) The mode of securing an equal standard of education. (2) The principle of apportionment of funds from public sources. (;3) The exercise of University powers by the affiliated Colleges. (1) The composition of the general University Board. Ansaveh. — There are three modes of affiliation by which it has been attempted to secure an equal standard of education. (1) According to one mode, a common examination is the only test. The London University is an exam])le. When first established, a course of study was required in some affiliated College, but as it had no power of establishing affiliated Colleges, or controlling the course of instruction, it Avas impossible to lay doAvn any iixed rules for affiliation. A ncAV char- ter Avas obtained, by Avhicli degrees might be conferred on students who had never attended any College. The sole test Avas examination. The degree changed its character entirely : it is noAV only a certificate of knoAvledge, not of training. The University became simply an examin- ing Board, like many other Boards required for the public service, and the 29 degree, though retaining the name, irt totally oJiffcrent from a degree in the ordinary sense. The Charter of the University of Toronto is a copy, al- most a verbatim one, of the first charter of the University of London, which required attendance at an affiliated College, The latter did not think itself entitled, without a new charter, to confer tlegrees on students who had never attended any College, but the former took this stej) without any new Legislative action. This mode of affiliation secures an equal standard of examination, but not of education. In England, witli it.^ numerous Colleges, a Board of Examination, like the University of Lon- don, supplied a want; but the want of Canada is not an examining Board, but properly equipped Educational Institutions. If examination had been the want, it could be most satislactorily met by examination papers sent out from the Univi rsity of London, Avhich, in fact, made this otter by affiliating the University of Toronto. Sealed examination papers can be sent toanvpart of the British dominions, at only a nominal cost; and if examination was the only thing necessary, the University of Toronto, with its magniiicent endowment and expensive buildings, might lie superseded by a small box of examination i)a])ers costing only the expense of car- riage. But the want of Canada is not examination, but education. (2) A secona mode of affiliation is that in which a common curriculum is made the test. The Universities of Scotland are an exami)le. The standard of education, till lately, diftered much in the various Univer- sities, but an equality was secured by the appointment of Royal Commis- sioners, whose duty it was to prescribe an equivalent curriculum in all the Universities, and to sec that there was an adequate staff of Professors with suitable salaries. It was assumed that equality of means was the best way of securing an equal standard of education. There is no common examination of the students of the various Universities. Each University " ftue of its own les an example. This Board secures equality, not by subjecting the students to a common examination, but by requiring that in all the licensing bodies there shall be an equal curriculum. The University of the State of New York is somewhat similar. It does not examine the students or confer degrees, 1)ut it seeks to secure a high standard in all the Colleges and Universities in the State by a periodical examination and report. The regents of the University have power to charter Colleges and Academies. They arc also trustees of the State Library, and have the care of the Cabinet of Natural History. (3) The third mode of affiliation is that in which an equal standard is secured by the test of both a common curriculum and a common exami- nation. The Queen's University of Ireland is an example. A common curriculum is maintained in the three Colleges by maintaining an equal number of Professors with equal salaries. The candidates for degrees are all examined by Examiners appointed by the University ; this is the kind of affiliation that the wants of Canada most require. The Universities of India present, perhajis, the best illustration of what is wanted. The Colleges in operation at the time of the establishment of the Universities were affiliated without regard to creeds. Aid was aftbrded to the affiliated Colleges to bring them up to a right standard, and this irrespective of denomination. Hindoo and Mohammedan as well as Christian institu- appoints its own Examiners, and confers degrees in virl charter. The Medical Council of England also furnislic w 30 tiona were aided, if they gave the requisite amount of secular education. The denominational element was not recognized : for example, an inatitu- lion AY hose creed was that it believed no creed was not entitled to more aid than one that believed some positive creed. The essential condition of an equal standard is an equal curriculum, but the further condition of a common examination, though less important, ought not to be omitted. This I regard as the nmde of atlilialion required for Canada. (2) The simplest and most satisfactory principle of apportionment would be an equal division. The apportionment of funds according to the num- ber of students or graduates would not serve the great end of securing an equal curriculum. The same stafl' is required whether (he number of students be great or small. Qualified Professors could not be readily se- cured on the conditions of a Huctuating salary. If the fimds of a College depended on the report of examiners for flegrees, these examinations would not be, as they ought to be, above suspicion. (3) It is not necessary that Colleges with University powers should surrender the right of conferring degrees when affiliated to the Provincial University. They might still confer degrees, but only on students who have passed an examination approved by the general University Board, exceiDtion being made in the case of degrees that arc usually konorary. A degree under the authority of the charter of the affiliated University may first be conferred, and the degree of the Provincial University may next be conferred as an ad eundem degree, or the degree may be regarded as nne^ but conferred by the joint authority of the Provincial and affiliated Universities. (4) The Board should be composed of the representatives of Colleges with a definite proportion of members appointed by Government. It is essential that the number should be fixed. It is desirable that the num- ber should not be large, as the responsibility is in that case too much divided, and the Board loses in a corresprmding degree its working char- acter. The Board should be called " The Senate of the University of Upper Canada," The following conditions would be necessary for the efficient carrying out of the above system of affiliation, viz : (1) That each College adopt a course of instruction and attendance approved by the University Board. (2) That the scholarships from public sources be cither abolished or connected with the several Colleges. (3) That aid be not given on denominational grounds. The only recog- nized condition should be that the affiliated Colleges give the required amount of secular education. Both negative and i)ositive creeds should be regarded as possessing no claim in themselves to support ; it ought not to be regarded as ground for withholding aid, that certain denominations are benefited by it. For cxami^le. University College should ijot forfeit its claim to support, because it is found that one or two denominations derive the chief benefit from it. (4) That meetings of Senate should be held in rotation at the seats of the affiliated Colleges, the mode of rotation being prescribed by Statute. (5) That Candidates for degrees be examined and receive their degrees at their own College. . (Signed) WILLIAM LEITCH. 31 FINANCIAL STATEMENT DRAWN UP FROM THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS. ENDOW MENT IN LAND. Original endovrmont in land Tlie University Park in addition to the abovo Whole endowment of University in land 220,150 " Extent of land sold 207,4'J3:{ " 220,000 acres. 150 •' Balance of land still unsold 18,050] " ENDOWMENT JN MONEV. Price of land sold ... $1,358,903 Amount of the abovo price realized, forming the Capital Fund required by Statute to bo kept entire 1,129,178 Estimated present value of whole endow^ment 903,557 ANNUAL REVENUE. Revenue yielded by Capital Fund if kept entire §07,750 Revenue lost by waste of Capital Fund on University buildings, &c. 39,502 Revenue from Capital Fund still remaining 28,188 Whole actual revenue from investment of Capital Fund, rent of unsold lands, &c 50,355 Whole amount of revenue if endowment had not been wasted ... 89,917 Probable amount of revenue when all the land shall be sold, prices paid up, and the University Park leased 00,250 WASTE or CAPITAL CONTRARY TO STATUTE. University Buildings $355,907 Library and Museum 05,509 Lunatic Asylum 55,000 Meteorological Director's residence in 1859 4,340 Furniture of College residence 5,125 Grounds 0,256 Cottp.ges for Meteorological Observers, 1858, 5,020 Expenditure over income in 1800 8,777 " 1801 11,473 PROPOSED RETRENCHMENTS. Salary of Director of Meteorological Observatory to be paid in future by Government $ 080 Salary of Chair of Agriculture to be suppre8.sed 2,000 Reduction in Bursar's department, which at present costs ... 8,554 Reduction of expenses of University as distinguished from Uni- versity College. Present expenditure 14,890 Reduction in department of Natural Science. I'resent expendi- ture in the three Chairs 7,000 Reduction in expense of fuel. Present expenditure 2,538 Reduction in Modern and Oriental languages, to be taught in future by tutors. Present expenditure 3,400 Proposed amount of said reduction 1,200 32 General reduction in expense of University College. Present ex* penditure $30,141 Proposed reduction 2,141 PROPOSED APPORTION UENT OP RKVEKUE. Fixed annual sum to UniverRity College as first charge on revenue, $28,000 Ditto for Bursar's Office and Senate 13,860 Annual sum left out of present revenue to bo divided among four affiliated Colleges 8,499 Sum left for each affiliated College from present revenue 2,125 Sum for each affiliated College, including the present Legislative grant, aud on the supposition that Government make al- lowance for Lunatic Asylum 10,000 COST OF EACH GRADUATE IN ARTS WHO HAS ATTENDED UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DURING THE WHOLE CURRICULUM. Number of such graduates from 1853 to 18G1 46 Average annual number 6J Expenditure of University for the above period, not including rent, $537,808 Cost of each student who has gone through a regular course of attendance, not including rent 11,680 Proposed future cost of each graduate, on the supposition of the annual number being 7 4,000 Such cost including rent for buildings 8,000 DEDUCTIONS FROM FINANCIAL STATEMENT. 1. More than one-half of the Capital Fund has been wasted. 2. The Commissioners propose to reduce the expenditure of University College by only $2,141. 3. By promoting much larger retrenchment in the present wasteful ex- penditure, the efficiency of the College will be greatly promoted. '■i T